Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 39(3), pp. 107–129, August 22, 2013

Taxonomic Studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) in Japan XXIV.
Five New Species from Hokkaido, Northern Japan
Yuichi Kadota1,* and Norihito Miura2
1

Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan
2
Hoshizaki Institute for Wildlife Protection, Hoshizaki Green Foundation,
Shinji-ko Lake Green Park, 1664–2 Sono-cho, Idzumo, Shimane 691–0076, Japan* E-mail: kadota@kahaku.go.jp(Received 23 May 2013; accepted 26 June 2013)

Abstract A new series in subsect. Borealicola Kitam. and ﬁve new species of the genus Cirsium(Asteraceae) are described from Hokkaido, northern Japan. Ser. Glandulosae is described based on
C. boreale Kitam. in subsect. Borealicola of sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC. Cirsium pectinellum
A.Gray var. alpinum Koidz. is accepted as a distinct species and is here named C. yezoalpinum
H.Koidz. ex Kadota & Umezawa. Cirsium yezoalpinum is distributed in the alpine zone of
Taisetsu-san and Shiretoko Mountains, central and eastern Hokkaido. Cirsium charkeviczii Barkalov,newly recognized, comes from Nemuro Peninsula, easternmost Hokkaido. It differs fromC. pectinellum A.Gray by having subterranean stolons and glandular bodies. Cirsium teshioense
Kadota described from northern Hokkaido is distinguished from C. kamtschaticum Ledeb. ex DC.
by having coriaceous, pinnatiﬁd or deeply pinnatilobate cauline leaves and campanulate involucres, and from C. pectinellum by the absence of basal leaves at anthesis, coriaceous leaves andcampanulate involucres. Cirsium chikabumiense described from northern Hokkaido is different
from C. charkeviczii in the absence of subterranean stolons, lower cauline leaves with fewer
pinnae and amplexicaul leaf bases. Cirsium kenji-horieanum Kadota described from northern
Hokkaido is different from C. boreale Kitam. in having smaller capitula, narrowly cylindrical tocylindrical involucres, thicker and soft (ﬂeshy) leaves and deeply pinnatilobate, lower, cauline leaves.
Cirsium austrohidakaense described from southern Hokkaido is different from C. kamtschaticum
Ledeb. ex DC. in showing gynodioecy, soft cauline leaves, linear glandular bodies, 8-seriate involucral phyllaries, longer and ﬂexuous outer involucral phyllaries and longer peduncles.
Key words : Cirsium austrohidakaense, Cirsium charkeviczii, Cirsium chikabumiense, Cirsium
kenji-horieanum, Cirsium teshioense, Cirsium yezoalpinum, Hokkaido, Japan, new species.

Introduction
This is part of a revision of Japanese Cirsium(Asteraceae) (Kadota, 1989–2012; Kadota andNagase, 1988). In this paper a new series of subsect. Borealicola Kitam., a new species of subsect. Nutantia (Kitam.) Kadota and four new species of subsect. Borealicola (Kitam.) Kadota aredescribed from sect. Onotrophe (Cass.) DC. inthe genus Cirsium.
In the classiﬁcation of the genus Cirsium thedegree of leaf division is frequently employed as
an important diagnostic character. Among Hokkaido Cirsium, species thistles with pinnatisect
or deeply pinnatilobate leaves were ascribed to
C. pectinellum A.Gray (e.g., Hara, 1952; Kitamura, 1937, 1957, 1981; Ohwi, 1953; Kadota,
1995). However, based on the difference of habitats and morphological traits (especially involucral characters) it has clariﬁed that several
species are included in “C. pectinellum”. They
are C. charkeviczii, C. chikabumiense, C. kenji-

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

horieanum and C. teshioense, which are treatedin this paper. The former three species are ultrabasicosaxicolous and the latter is a dweller ofhigh moors.
In the alpine zone of Taisetsu [Daisetsu] andShiretoko Mountains a small-sized thistle has
been known to grow. This thistle was considered
to be an alpine form of C. pectinellum and called
C. pectinellum var. alpinum Koidz. ex Kitam. [＝C. pectinellum subsp. alpinum] (e.g., Hara, 1952,
Kitamura, 1937, 1957, 1981; Ohwi, 1953;
Kadota, 1995; Umezawa, 2009). However, basedon the presence of gynodioecy and the differencein the number of involucral phyllaries, this small
thistle should be treated as a distinct species.
Cirsium austrohidakaense has simply serrate
and not pinnatilobate cauline leaves, thereby differing from the other species stated above. This
new species is well characterized by having
8-seriate, long-ﬂexuous involucral phyllaries.
This species was found at the southern foot of
Hidaka Mountains in 2005 by Mr. S. Umezawa.
According to the later ﬁeld examinations it isclariﬁed that this is widely distributed in the
Hidaka (chieﬂy on the Paciﬁc Ocean side) andYubari Mountains.
Taxonomic treatment
Subsect. Nutantia (Kitam.) Kadota in K.
Iwats. & al., Fl. Jap. IIIb: 128 (1995) — subsect.
Borealicola Kitam. ser. Nutantia Kitam. in Acta
Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 7 (1934).
Type: Cirsium pectinellum A.Gray.
Subsect. Borealicola Kitam.: Barkalov in
Kharkev., Pl. Vasc. Orient. Extr. Soviet. IV: 305(1992), p.p.
1. Cirsium yezoalpinum H.Koidz. ex Kadota& Umezawa, sp. nov.
Cirsium yezoalpinum is different from C.
kamtschaticum Ledeb. ex DC. in being gynodioecious habit, the presence of basal leaves atanthesis and 11–12-seriate involucral phyllaries
and also from C. pectinellum A.Gray by thegynodioecy and the number of involucral phylla-ries.
Cirsium pectinellum A.Gray var. alpinum
Koidz. ex Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp.
Univ. ser. B, 13 [Comp. Jap. 1]: 45 (1937) & in
Ohwi, Fl. Jap. ed. Engl.: 905 (1965) — H. Hara,
Enum. Sperm. Jap. II: 181 (1952) — Ohwi, Fl.
Jap.: 1208 (1953) — Cirsium kamtschaticum Ledeb.
ex DC. subsp. pectinellum (A.Gray) Kitam. var.
alpinum (Koidz. ex Kitam.) Kitam. in Mem.
Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto ser. B, 24 (1): 44 (1957)— T. Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Jap. I: 18, pl. 4–13
(1982).
Type: JAPAN. Hokkaido, ʻIshikari, Mt.
Nutakkamsheʼ [＝Kamikawa Subpref., Mt.
Nutapkauspe, Mts. Taisetsuzan], 29 Jul. 1916, G.
Koidzumi s.n. (TI !).
Cirsium alpinum auct. non All., Fl. Pedem. 1:
153 (1785).
Cirsium yezofrigidum H.Koidz., in sched.
(TNS 664808).
A gynodioecious, perennial, 0.2–0.9 m tall.
Rootstock stout, oblique, 1–2 cm in diameter,with cord-like roots. Stem suberect, simple to
1–2(–3) times branched from the lower part,leafy, green, narrowly winged, sparingly arachnoid and covered with short brownish hairs
chieﬂy in the upper part. Basal leaves usuallypersistent at anthesis; blades elliptic, 8–12 cm
long, 4–6 cm wide, deeply to medially pinnatilobate, 5–7-jugate, petiolate; petioles 4.5–8 cm
long, winged, with sharp spines up to 1 cm long
along the margin of the wings. Lower cauline
leaves yellowish green on the adaxial side, glaucous on the abaxial side, soft, petiolate; blades
elliptic to narrowly ovate in outline, 12–18 cm
long, 6–12 cm broad, larger than the basal, sparingly pubescent with brownish multicellularhairs on both sides, deeply pinnatilobate,
6–9-jugate; lobes narrowly ovate, 2.5–4 cm long,
1–1.5 cm broad, with spines 1–3 mm long; petioles 3–5 cm long, winged, deccurent to the stem,
amplexicaul, auriculate; wings up to 0.5 cm wide.
Upper cauline leaves elliptic to narrowly ovate,coarsely serrate to medially pinnatilobate with
4–6 jugae, shortly petiolate or sessile, amplexicaul, auriculate. Flowers in July to September.

A New Series and Five New Species of Cirsium from Hokkaido

Capitula solitary or 2–3(–5) in a loose raceme,
nodding, with peduncles 4–17 cm long, densely
arachnoid and pubescent with multicellularbrownish hairs; subtending leaves ca. 5, narrowly
ovate, 10–14 mm long, with weak spines ca.
0.5 mm long. Involucres bowl-shaped to broadly
campanulate, 20–26 mm long, 18–25 mm (invivo) and 2–5 cm (in sicco) in diameter, densely
arachnoid. Phyllaries 11–12-seriate, gently
recurved, ﬂexuous at apices; glandular bodies
absent; innermost phyllaries linear, 17–18 mm
long; outer phyllaries narrowly ovate, 12–13 mm
long, slightly shorter than the inner ones, herbaceous, caudate at apex, terminated with ﬁnespines 3–5 mm long. Corollae pale pink in bisexual ﬂorets, deep pink in female ﬂorets, 18–20 mm
long; lobes 4–6 mm long; throats 5–7 mm long;tubes 8–9 mm long, longer than the throats.
Achenes brownish gray tinged pale purple,
4.5–5 mm long, ribbed, striate; pappus grayish,
15–18 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n＝2x＝34 (Nishikawa,
1992).
Japanese name: Ezo-no-miyama-azami (G.
Koidzumi, in sched., TI), Miyama-sawa-azami(Kitamura, 1937), Takane-hire-azami (H. Koidzumi, in sched., TNS).
Icones: T. Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Jap. I: pl. 4,
3 (1982), as C. kamtscaticum subsp. pectinellum
var. alpinum, female plant — Umezawa, Alp.
Flow. Hokkaido: 26, middle right (Taisetsu
Mountains, Mt. Aka-dake), 27, bottom right(Shiretoko Mountains, Mt. Chienbetsu-dake,female plant) (2009), both as C. pectinellum var.
alpinum.
Distribution: Taisetsu and Shiretoko Mountains, Hokkaido. Endemic. In alpine meadows.
Specimens examined: JAPAN. Hokkaido.
Kamikawa Subpref., Kamikawa-gun, Kamikawa-cho, Mts. Taisetsusan, Aug. 1928, S. Akiyama 884 (SAPS); Mts. Taisetsusan, Aug. 1929,
S. Akiyama 985 (SAPS); Mts. Taisetsusan, nodate, G. Koidzumi s.n. (KYO); Mt. Taisetsusan,
Dai-funkakô, 27 July 1916, H. Koidzumi 69667,
69669 (TNS 664807, 664809); Utsukushigahara,
21 Aug. 1926, G. Koidzumi s.n. (KYO); Eboshi-

109dake, 14 Aug. 1926, Y. Okada s.n. (TNS
305061); Dai-funkakô, 13 Aug. 1927, S. Ito & al.
(SAPS). Kumonotaira, 1 Aug. 1946, M. Tatewaki& E. Ohtake 35169 (SAPS); Kumonotaira, 31
July 1946, M. Tatewaki & E. Ohtake 35110(SAPS). Goshikigahara, 14 Aug. 1952, T. Misumi s.n. (SAPS). Takanegahara, July 1931, G.
Yamada 11889 (SAPS); Takanegahara, 14 Aug.
1952, T. Misumi s.n. (SAPS).Yanbetappu — Mt.
Matsuura-dake, 27 Aug. 1953, T. Misumi s.n.
(SAPS). Mt. Niseikaushupe, 9 Aug. 1947, M.
Tatewaki 35335 (SAPS –). Hokkai-zawa, 1 Aug.
1948, M. Tatewaki 35848 (SAPS). Mt. Koidzumi-dake, 28 July 1926, S. Ito & S. Imai(SAPS). Akadake-tozanguchi — Komakusa-daira,alt. 1540–1840 m, 4 Aug. 1988, H. Takahashi
9025 (SAPS). Chûbetsu-numa pond, 30 July
2008, K. Iwasaki 1347 (SAPS–). Mt. Hiraga-take(Mt. Hira-yama), 30 July 1917, H. Koidzumi
69668 (TNS 664808); Mt. Hiraga-take, 30 July
1917, H. Koidzumi s.n. (SAPS); Mt. Taira, 2
Sept. 1958, M. Arai s.n. (SAPS); Mt. Hiragatake, 1 Aug. 1948, M. Tatewaki 35896 (SAPS);
Mt. Hira-yama, 7 Aug. 1958, S. Kawano 2203–
2204 (SAPS); Mt. Hira-yama, 6 Aug. 1985, Y.
Kadota & K. Midorikawa 12786, 12927 (TNS
9026641, 9026642, 9026649); Mt. Hira-yama —Mt. Niseikaushuppe-yama, 6 Aug. 1985, Y.
Kadota & K. Midorikawa 12940 (TNS 9026647).
Sorachi-gun, Kami-Furano-cho, Mt. Furanodake, 1 July 1917, H. Koidzumi 69670 (TNS
664810). Ohôtsuku Subpref., Shari-gun, Sharicho, Shiretoko Range, Mt. Chinishibetsu-dake,
alpine meadow, 4 Aug. 1984, K. Sato & T.
Nishikawa 845208, 845217 (SAPS 10174,
10189); Mt. Shiretoko-dake, South ridge, alt.
850 m, 18 July 1952, J. Samejima & al. s.n.
(SAPS 6442); Mt. Shiretoko-dake, South ridge,
alt. 900–1050 m, 19 July 1952, J. Samejima & al.
s.n. (SAPS –); Mt. Shiretoko-dake, South ridge,
alt. 1080 m, 20 July 1952, J. Samejima & al. s.n.
(SAPS 6441); Mt. Iwo-dake, 26 July 1928, C.
Hara s.n. (SAPS 6443). Nemuro Subpref.,Menashi-gun, Rausu-cho, Shiretoko Range,
Yunosawa — Mt. Rausu-dake, alt. 1100 m, 9
Sept. 1984, K. Takita 2190 (KYO); Mt. Rausu-

110Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miuradake, at the shoulder, 19 July 1951, T. Misumi &al. 41010 (SAPS 6433); Rausu, 14 Aug. 1959, K.
Hirata s.n. (SAPS 6444); Mt. Rausu-dake —Peak 1460 m, Aug. 1960, Y. Ikeda s.n. (SAPS6445); Mt. Rausu-dake, Rausu-daira, alt. 1360–
1280 m, 13 Aug. 1971, K. Sato & T. Tsuji 715454(SAPS 10352); Mt. Rausu-dake, Rausu-daira, alt.
1350 m, 28 Aug. 1984, Y. Kadota 849011–
849016 (TNS 9026625–9026629); along the
Unakibetsu-gawa river to Shiretoko-numa pond,
44°13.76′ 145°19.58′, alt. 250–900 m, 6 Aug.
2005, H. Takahashi & al. 32286 (SAPS 6436);
Mt. Higashi-dake — Mt. Chienbetsu-dake, 16
July 1979, K. Sato & J. Samejima 795167 (SAPS
10163); Mt. Sashirui-dake, 17 Aug. 1979, K.
Sato & J. Samejima 795477 (SAPS 10154); Mt.
Sashirui-dake, 18 July 1951, T. Misumi & al.
41001, 41002 (SAPS 6432, 6434).
Note: As shown in the synonymy C. yezoalpinum has been long considered as a subspecies ora variety of C. pectinellum because C. yezoalpinum has deeply pinnatilobate basal and lower
cauline leaves and a few nodding capitula. However, this entity should be treated to be a distinct
species based on the presence of the gynodioecious habit and the 11–12-seriate involucral
phyllaries.
In Taisetsu [Daisetsu] and Shiretoko Mountains C. yezoalpinum was frequently found sympatrically with C. kamtschaticum. But, the former is distinguished from the latter by the
number of involucral phyllaries (11–12 vs. 6–7),
the occurrence of basal leaves at anthesis (present vs. absent), the division of middle cauline
leaves (deeply lobate with 6–9 jugae vs. coarsely
serrate or shallowly lobate with 3–4 jugae) andthe surface of internodes (pubescent and spiny
vs. glabrous) as well as the chromosome number(2n＝34 vs. 2n＝68). In spite of such sympatricoccurrence any hybrid derivatives between C.
yezoalpinum and C. kamtschaticum were notfound in Taisetsu and Shiretoko Mountains probably due to the difference in the ploydy level.

In Hidaka and Yubari Mountains C. kamtschaticum exclusively grows in meadows andherbages of the alpine zone while another thistle,
C. austrohidakaense (see below), occurs in thelowland of the mountain areas.
2. Cirsium charkeviczii Barkalov in Kharkev.,
Pl. Vasc. Orient. Extr. Soviet. VI: 307 (1992).
[Fig. 1]
Type: KURILES. ʻIns. Kunashir, in viciniis
pagi Yuzhno-Kurilsk, in prato variiherboso
humido, copioseʼ 25 August 1985, V. Yu.
Barkalov s.n. (VLA–holotype, n.v.).
Cirsium pectinellum A.Gray var. fallax Nakai
in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 628 (1932), ut var. ʻfallaceʼ, non C. fallax Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1838), C.
×fallax Franch. (1857). Type: JAPAN. Hokkaido, Nemuro Subpref., Nosappu-misaki cape,in herbage, 12 August 1931, H. Hara C1579 (TI;
Fig. 2). The specimens ʻHara C1596 (TI)ʼ fromthe Nosappu-misaki cape, Nemuro Peninsula
should be ascribed to C. ito-kojianum Kadota. As
indicated above, the two Cirsium species, C.
charkeviczii and C. ito-kojianum are distributed
in Nemuro Peninsula, eastern Hokkaido.
A hermaphrodite, stoloniferous perennial, 0.6–
1.2 m tall. Rootstock slender, suberect to oblique,0.5–1 cm in diameter, with cord-like roots. Stemsuberect, simple or 1–2 times branched in theupper part, leafy, greenish, narrowly winged,
sparingly arachnoid and covered with shortbrownish hairs chieﬂy in the upper part; wings
0.5–1 mm wide, with spines 1–5 mm long. Basal
leaves withering or sometimes persistent at
anthesis. Lower cauline leaves green on the
adaxial side, glaucous on the abaxial side, subcoriaceous, petiolate; blades ovate to narrowly
ovate in outline, 10–23 cm long, 5–10 cm broad,glabrous on both sides, pinnatiﬁd, 10–16-jugate;
lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate, 3–5 cm long,
0.3–0.6 cm broad, with weak spines 1–3 mm
long; petioles 3–21 cm long, winged, deccurent
to the stem, amplexicaul, vaginate. Upper cauline

Fig. 1. Habit of Cirsium charkeviczii Barkalov (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Nemuro Subpref., Nemuro-shi, Tôsamuporo,in a high moor, 1 Sept. 2011). Top right corner inset shows oblique capitulum. Bottom left corner inset shows
subterranean stolons (arrowheads). Courtesy of Mr. S. Miya.

A New Series and Five New Species of Cirsium from Hokkaido

111

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

Fig. 2. Type of Cirsium pectinellum A.Gray var. fallax Nakai (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Nemuro Subpref., Nosappumisaki cape, 12 August 1931, H. Hara C1579, TI, holotype). Right. Inﬂorescence.

leaves narrowly ovate, pinnatiﬁd to pinnatilobatewith 3–7 jugae, sessile, vaginate. Flowers inAugust to September. Capitula solitary or 2–3 ina loose raceme, nodding, with peduncles (0.3–)
1.5–10.5 cm long, densely arachnoid and pubescent with multicellular brownish hairs; subtending leaves ca. 5, narrowly ovate, 5–8 mm long,with weak spines ca. 0.5 mm long. Involucres
campanulate, 13–14 mm long, 8–12 mm (in vivo)
and 1.5–2.5 cm (in sicco) in diameter, glabrous or
sparingly arachnoid. Phyllaries 8–9-seriate,ascending at an acute angle; glandular bodies
lanceolate, whitish (in vivo) and black (in sicco),
degenerative and eglutinous; innermost phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 9–12 mm long; outer
phyllaries narrowly ovate, 4–5 mm long, shorter

than the inner ones, herbaceous, acuminate atapex, terminated with weak spines ca. 1 mm
long. Corollae pale pink, 11–14 mm long; lobes
4–5 mm long; throats 3 mm long; tubes 4–6 mm
long, longer than the throats. Achenes brownish
gray tinged pale purple, 4 mm long, ribbed, striate; pappus grayish, 11–13 mm long.
Japanese name: Ezo-mamiya-azami (Nakai,1932).
Chromosome number: Unknown.
Distribution: Nemuro Peninsula, Hokkaido.
Kunashiri Island, the Kuriles. Endemic. In highmoors near the seashore.
Specimens examined: JAPAN. Hokkaido,
Nemuro Subpref., Nemuro-shi, Kanebô pasture,in moors, 8 Aug. 1940, M. Tatewaki 31876

Fig. 3. Type of Cirsium teshioense Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido, Soya Subpref., Esashi-gun, Naka-Tonbetsu-cho,
Mt. Shirikoma-dake, Kikusui-gawa, 6 July 2007, Shun Umezawa 07070605, TNS 772854, holotype).

A New Series and Five New Species of Cirsium from Hokkaido

113

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

Fig. 4. Habit of Cirsium teshioense Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido, Soya Subpref., Esashi-gun, Naka-Tonbetsu-cho,
Kikusui-gawa, 16 July 2012, courtesy of Dr. K. Horie).

A New Series and Five New Species of Cirsium from Hokkaido

115

Fig. 5. Somatic chromosomes of Cirsium teshioense Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Soya Subpref., Esashi-gun,Naka-Tonbetsu-cho, Kikusui-gawa). Scale＝5 μm.

(SAPS); in the vicinity of Nosappu-misaki cape,15 July 1971, S. Mimoro & S. Tsugaru 715 (TNS
339258); in the suburbs of Nemuro-shi, 28 Aug.
1987, J. Haginiwa JH 10987, 10989–10994,
30536–30537 (TNS 960987, 960989–960994,
980536–980537); Futaoki – Toyosato, around aradio wave tower, in wet grassland, 25 Aug.
2007, H. Takahashi & H. Sato 33937 (SAPS,
KYO); Tôsamuporo, in a high moor, alt. 35 m, 28
July 2010, S. Umezawa s.n. (TNS 1139212);
Tôsamuporo, in a high moor, 4 Aug. 2010, S.
Umezawa s.n. (TNS 1136269–1136270);
Tôsamuporo, in a high moor, alt. 40 m, 1 Sept.
2011, Y. Kadota 118531–118545 (TNS 1155403–
1155418). The Kuriles. Kunashiri (Kunashir)
Island, Furukamappu, in swampy places, 26 July
1923, M. Tatewaki 3386′ (SAPS); Furukamappu,
21 July 1930, Y. Matsumura s.n. (KYO); Furukamappu, 19 Aug. 1931, J. Ohwi 905 (KYO); Nikishiro, in boggy places, 29 July 1923, M.

Tatewaki 3548 (SAPS); Ruyabetsu, Wotaepake,
5 Sept. 1894, C. Endo s.n. (SAPS); no precise
locality, 1935, no collectorʼ s name (KYO).
Note: Cirsium charkeviczii is similar to C.
pectinellum in the habitat preference (in highmoors) and deeply pinnatisect leaves, however,the former is clearly different from the latter byhaving subterranean stolons and glandular bodies
on all the phyllaries.
In Nemuro Peninsula, eastern Hokkaido,
Japan, C. charkeviczii grows in high moors while
C. koji-itoanum occurs in maritime herb stands.
Subsect. Borealicola Kitam. in Acta Phytotax.
Geobot. 3: 7 (1934) & in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto
Imp. Univ. ser. B, 13 [Comp. Jap. 1]: 41 (1937)— Kadota in K. Iwats. & al., Fl. Jap. IIIb: 139(1995).
Type: Cirsium kamtschaticum Ledeb. ex DC.
Ser. Borealicola.

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

Fig. 6. Type of Cirsium chikabumiense Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref., Asahikawa-shi, Mt.
Chikabumi-yama [Mt. Arashi-yama], alt. 209 m, 20 June 2008, Y. Kadota 091141, TNS 735737, holotype).

A New Series and Five New Species of Cirsium from Hokkaido

Cirsium teshioense Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 3–5]
Cirsium teshioense is distinguished from C.
kamtschaticum Ledeb. ex DC. by having coriaceous, pinnatiﬁd or deeply pinnatilobate cauline
leaves and campanulate involucres, and from C.
pectinellum A. Gray by the absence of basal
leaves at anthesis, coriaceous leaves and campanulate involucres.
Type: JAPAN. Hokkaido, Soya Subpref.,Esashi-gun, Naka-Tonbetsu-cho, Mt. Shirikomadake, Kikusui-gawa, 6 July 2007, Shun
Umezawa 07070605 (TNS 772854–holotype;Fig. 3).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, 0.5–1 m tall.
Rootstock stout, horizontal to oblique, 2–3 cm indiameter, with cord-like roots. Stem suberect,
simple or 1–3 times branched in the upper part,leafy, winged, sparingly arachnoid and covered
with short brownish hairs chieﬂy in the upper
part; wings 1–3 mm wide, with spines 2–4 mm
long. Basal leaves withering at anthesis. Lower
cauline leaves dark green on the adaxial side,
glaucous on the abaxial side, coriaceous, petiolate; blades ovate in outline, 11–15 cm long,
6–12 cm broad, glabrous on both sides, pinnatiﬁdor deeply pinnatilobate, 6–9-jugate; lobes narrowly ovate, 3.5–6 cm long, 0.5–1.5 cm broad,with weak spines 1–2 mm long; petioles 2–4 cm
long, winged, deccurent to the stem, amplexicaul, auriculate. Upper cauline leaves pinnatiﬁdto coarsely serrate or subentire, sessile, amplexicaul. Flowers in June to July. Capitula 1–2(–4) ina loose raceme, nodding, with peduncles 2.5–
12 cm long; subtending leaves ca. 5, narrowly
ovate, ca. 5 mm long, with weak spines ca.
0.5 mm long. Involucres campanulate, 16–18 mm
long, 2–3.5 cm (in sicco) in diameter, arachnoid.
Phyllaries 6-seriate, gently recurved and frequently ﬂexuous at apices; glandular bodies linear, blackish and degenerative, eglutinous; innermost phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 15–18 mm
long; outer phyllaries narrowly ovate, 7–8 mm
long, slightly shorter than the inner ones, herbaceous, caudate at apex, terminated with weakspines 1–2 mm long. Corollae deep pink,
3.

117

12–18 mm long; lobes 4–5 mm long; throats
3–5 mm long; tubes 5–8 mm long, longer than thethroats. Achenes reddish to purplish brown,
3.5 mm long, ribbed, striate; pappus gray tinged
pale reddish brown, 11–12 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n＝2x＝34 (Fig. 5).
Japanese name: Teshio-azami (nom. nov.).
Distribution: Horokanai-cho, Shibetsu-shi,Toikanbetsu-cho, Naka-Tonbetsu-cho, Hokkaido,
Japan. Endemic. On rocky, grassy slope in serpentine areas.
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN.
Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref., Fukagawa-shi,
Mt. Shiratori-yama (Mt. Bôzu-yama), 2 Aug.
1956, S. Okamoto 1494 (KYO). Shibetsu-shi,Onʼnebetsu, Ibun dam, in a serpentine area, alt.
240 m, 26 June 1988, K. Horie s.n. (TNS
770992–770997). Uryu-gun, Horokanai-cho,Soeushinai, in a serpentine area, 3 July 1989, Y.
Kadota 899101–899113 (TNS 9027452–9027464).
Soya Subpref., Teshio-gun, Horonobe-cho, Toikanbetsu, Nuporomapporo-sawa, in humid placeof serpentine area, 3 Aug. 1953, S. Kitamura s.n.
(KYO); at the vicinity of Nuporomapporo-sawa,
on sandy soil along the stream, alt. 100–300 m,
14 Aug. 1963, H. Koyama 1686 (TNS 172095).
Ser. Glandulosae Kadota, ser. nov.
Type: Cirsium borealis Kitam.
Ser. Glandulosae is distinguished form ser.
Borealicola by having glandular bodies on all
involucral phyllaries.
Cirsium chikabumiense Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 6–7]
Cirsium chikabumiense is different from C.
charkeviczii Barkalov by the absence of subterranean stolons, lower cauline leaves with fewer
pinnae and amplexicaul leaf bases, from C. pectinellum by having 8–9-seriate involucral phyllaries, shorter outer phyllaries and whitish glandular bodies on all phyllaries, and from C. boreale
Kitam. by pinnatiﬁd cauline leaves.
Type: JAPAN. Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref., Asahikawa-shi, Mt. Chikabumi-yama (Mt.
Arashi-yama), alt. 209 m, 20 June 2008, Yuichi
4.

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

Kadota 091141 (TNS 735737–holotype; Fig. 6).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, 0.7–1.4 m tall ortaller. Rootstock stout, horizontal, 1–3 cm indiameter, with cord-like roots. Stem suberect,
simple or 1–2(–4) times branched in the upper
part or sometimes more than 10 times branchedfrom the middle part, leafy, deep purple, winged,
sparingly arachnoid and covered with shortbrownish hairs chieﬂy in the upper part; wings
0.5–1 mm wide, with spines 1–3 mm long. Basal
leaves withering at anthesis. Lower cauline
leaves green on the adaxial side, glaucous on theabaxial side, herbaceous, petiolate; blades ovate
to narrowly ovate in outline, 18–30 cm long,
12–20 cm broad, glabrous on both sides, pinnatiﬁd, 8–10-jugate; lobes lanceolate to narrowly
ovate, 5–14 cm long, 0.5–1.5 cm broad, withweak spines 1–2 mm long; petioles 2–11 cm long,
winged, deccurent to the stem, amplexicaul,auriculate. Upper cauline leaves narrowly ovate,
medially pinnatilobate with 2–3 jugae, sessile,amplexicaul. Flowers in June to July. Capitula
1–2 in a loose raceme, nodding, with peduncles
2–12.5 cm long, densely arachnoid and pubescentwith multicellular brownish hairs; subtending
leaves 5–7, narrowly ovate, 3–12 mm long, withweak spines ca. 0.5 mm long. Involucres campanulate, 18–22 mm long, 12–16 mm (in vivo)
and 2–3 cm (in sicco) in diameter, glabrous or
sparingly arachnoid. Phyllaries 8–9-seriate,ascending to gently recurved and sometimes ﬂexuous at apices; glandular bodies lanceolate to linear, whitish (in vivo) and black (in sicco), degenerative and eglutinous; innermost phyllaries
linear, 15–18 mm long; outer phyllaries narrowly
ovate, 6–9 mm long, shorter than the inner ones,
herbaceous, acuminate at apex, terminated withweak spines 0.5–1 mm long. Corollae deep pink,
14–15 mm long; lobes 4 mm long; throats 4 mm
long; tubes 5–6 mm long, slightly longer than thethroats. Achenes purplish brown, 3.5–4 mm long,ribbed, faintly striate; pappus grayish, 12–13 mm

long.
Chromosome number: Unknown.
Japanese name: Chikabumi-azami (nom. nov.).
Distribution: Asahikawa-shi, Takasu-cho,Horokanai-cho, northern Hokkaido, Japan.
Endemic. Predominantly along the margin ofsummer-green woods in serpentine areas andrarely on moors (Ibun-tôge pass, Takasu-cho).
Specimens examined: JAPAN. Hokkaido.
Kamikawa Subpref., Asahikawa-shi, Kaguragaoka, 27 June 1917, H. Koidzumi 75835 (TNS
178397); Kaguragaoka, no date, H. Iwamoto s.n.
(TNS 44414); Mt. Chikabumi-yama, at the edgeof deciduous woods, in basic zone, alt. 200 m, 28
July 1983, K. Takita 1579 (KYO); Mt. Arashiyama, in a serpentine area, 14 July 2007, K.
Horie s.n. (TNS 770991); Mt. Arashi-yama, in a
serpentine area, along Quercus dentata woods,
27 June 2007, Y. Kadota 071701–071702 (TNS
770977–770979); Mt. Arashi-yama, alt. 230 m,
10 Aug. 2011, Y. Kadota 118111–118112 (TNS1151257–1151258); Kamui-Kotan, alt. 158 m, 20
June 2008, Y. Kadota 091135–091136 (TNS
735728–735729); Kamui-Kotan, 18 June 2009,
S. Umezawa 1–2 (TNS 740259–740266). Kamikawa-gun, Takasu-cho, just below the Ibun-tôge
pass, in a small moor, 30 July 2007, Y. Kadota
073351–073352 (TNS 771074–771079). Uryugun, Horokanai-cho, 26 July 1960, T. Takahashi
1771 (TNS 175119).
Note: The speciﬁc epithet derives the name of
the type locality, Mt. Chikabumi-yama, which isan alternative name of Mt. Arashi-yama.
Cirsium chikabumiense is an ultrabasicosaxicolous plant. In Mt. Chikabumi-yama this species
occurred in ultrabasic areas while C. boreale
grew in non-basic areas.
Cirsium kenji-horieanum Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 8–10]
Cirsium kenji-horieanum is different from C.
boreale Kitam. by having smaller capitula, nar5.

Fig. 7. Habit of Cirsium chikabumiense Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Asahikawa, Mt. Chikabumi-yama [Mt.
Arashi-yama]). Whole plant. On 20 June 2008. Capitulum. On 27 June 2012. Whitish glandular bodies areseen on the abaxial side of the involucral phyllaries.

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

Fig. 8. Type of Cirsium kenji-horieanum Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref., Asahikawa-shi, Etanbetsu, Mt. Maru-yama, 8 August 2011, Y. Kadota 1118005, TNS 1151341, holotype).

A New Series and Five New Species of Cirsium from Hokkaido

rowly cylindrical to cylindrical involucres,
thicker and soft (ﬂeshy) leaves and deeply pinnatilobate, lower, cauline leaves.
Type: JAPAN. Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref., Asahikawa-shi, Etanbetsu, Mt. Maru-yama,
alt. 531 m, 8 Aug. 2011, Yuichi Kadota 1118005(TNS 1151341–1151342–holotype; Fig. 8); Mt.
Maru-yama, alt. 531 m, 8 August 2011, Yuichi
Kadota 1118001–1118004, 1118006–1118012(TNS 1151332–1151340, 1151343–1151351–isotypes).
A hermaphrodite, perennial, 1.5–2.5 m tall.
Rootstock stout, horizontal, 2–5 cm in diameter,with cord-like roots. Stem suberect, 4–5 times
branched from the middle part, leafy, grayish
green, not winged, sparingly arachnoid and covered with short brownish hairs chieﬂy in theupper part. Basal leaves withering at anthesis.
Lower cauline leaves yellowish green on the
adaxial side, glaucous on the abaxial side, thickand soft, rather ﬂeshy, petiolate; blades ovate orsometimes narrowly ovate in outline, 17–30 cm
long, 8–31 cm broad, sparingly or densely arachnoid on both sides, pinnatilobate, 3–6-jugate;
lobes narrowly ovate, 3–12 cm long, 1.5–4 cm
broad, with spines 1–2 mm long; petioles
5–7.5 cm long, winged, deccurent to the stem,
amplexicaul, auriculate; wings up to 2 cm wide.
Upper cauline leaves narrowly ovate, coarsely
serrate with 2–3 jugae or subentire, shortly petiolate or sessile, amplexicaul, auriculate. Flowers
in July to August. Capitula 4–5 in a loose
raceme, nodding, with peduncles 2.5–10 cm long,densely arachnoid and pubescent with multicellular brownish hairs; subtending leaves ca. 5,
narrowly ovate, 2–5 mm long, with weak spines
ca. 0.5 mm long. Involucres narrowly cylindricalto cylindrical, 17–18 mm long, 8–9 mm (in vivo)
and 1.5–2.5(–3) cm (in sicco) in diameter, glabrous. Phyllaries 9–10-seriate, adpressed; glandular bodies lanceolate to oblanceolate, whitish(in vivo) and black (in sicco), degenerative andeglutinous; innermost phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 11–14 mm long; outer phyllaries narrowly ovate, 3–4 mm long, clearly shorter than
the inner ones, herbaceous, acuminate at apex,

121

terminated with weak spines ca. 1 mm long.
Corollae pale pink, 15–16 mm long; lobes
4–5 mm long; throats 5 mm long; tubes 6 mm
long, slightly longer than the throats. Achenes
brownish gray tinged pale purple, 4 mm long,ribbed, striate; pappus grayish, 13–15 mm long.
Chromosome number: 2n＝4x＝68 (Fig. 10).
Distribution: Northern Hokkaido, Japan.
Endemic. On serpentine, grassy slopes.
Japanese name: Asahikawa-azami (nom. nov.).
Specimens examined: JAPAN. Hokkaido.
Kamikawa Subpref., Uryu-gun, Horokanai-cho,
Uenbetsu, alt. 180 m, 14 Aug. 2004, S. Umezawa
04081401 (TNS 747598–747600, 747636);
Horokanai-cho, Mt. Santô-zan, 24 July 2012, S.
Umezawa s.n. (TNS 1139242–1139243); Horokanai-cho, Soeushinai, alt. 199 m, 8 Aug. 2011,
Y. Kadota 1118031–1118036 (TNS 1151652–
1151366). Shibetsu-shi, Onʼnebetsu-cho, Inuushibetsu, alt. 222 m, 8 Aug. 2011, Y. Kadota 1118021–
1118026 (TNS 1151238–1151244). Kamikawagun, Wassam-cho, Fukuhara, Peoppe-gawa, on aserpentine, rocky slope, 14 July 1971, Ko. Itos.n. (SAPS). Fukagawa-shi, Takadomari, alt.
200 m, 30 July 2007, Y. Kadota 73325–73326(TNS 771065–771067); Takadomari, 24 July
2011, S. Umezawa s.n. (TNS 1139251–1139252).
Note: Cirsium kenji-horieanum is apparently
similar to C. boreale in having well-branched
stem, cauline leaves more or less arachnoid on
both surfaces and glandular bodies on all the
involucral phyllaries. However, the former is discriminated from the latter by having smaller
heads, narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical involucres and more deeply divided cauline leaves withwider wings.
Cirsium chikabumiense is also an ultrabasicosaxicolous plant. Cirsium kenji-horieanum
occurred in ultrabasic areas while C. boreale
grew in non-basic areas throughout the distribution range of C. kenji-horieanum.
Cirsium austrohidakaense Kadota, sp. nov.
[Figs. 11–12]
Cirsium austrohidakaense is different from C.
kamtschaticum Ledeb. ex DC. by having the
6.

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

gynodioecious habit, soft cauline leaves, linear
glandular bodies, 8-seriate involucral phyllaries,
longer and ﬂexuous outer involucral phyllaries
and longer peduncles.
Type: JAPAN. Hokkaido. Hidaka Subpref.,Samani-gun, Samani-cho, Shiomidai, Mt.
Kanʼnon-yama, under sparse summer-green
woods, alt. 79 m, 10 July 2011, Y. Kadota
1117042 (TNS 1142976–holotype, hermaphrodite; Fig. 11).
A gynodioecious, perennial, 1.2–2.5 m tall.
Rootstock stout, horizontal, 2–5 cm in diameter,with cord-like roots. Stem declining, 3–9 or moretimes branched from the middle part, leafy,
green, winged or not winged, sparingly arachnoid and covered with short brownish hairs in theupper half; branches elongated at an acute angle.
Basal leaves withered at anthesis. Lower cauline
leaves yellowish green on the adaxial side, glaucous on the abaxial side, soft, petiolate; blades
elliptic to ovate in outline, 23–30 cm long,
13–16 cm broad, shallowly to medially pinnatilobate, 2–6-jugate, usually arachnoid on the abaxial sides; lobes, if pinnatilobate, narrowly ovate,
4–10 cm long, 1.5–4 cm broad, with spines
1–3 mm long; petioles 4 cm long, winged, deccurent to the stem, amplexicaul, auriculate;wings up to 0.4 cm wide. Blades of middle cauline leaves ovate to narrowly ovate or narrowly
obovate, 16–36 cm long, 8–22 cm wide, serrate,
shortly petiolate to sessile, deccurent to the stem,
amplexicaul, auriculate. Upper cauline leaves
narrowly ovate, serrate, sessile, amplexicaul,auriculate. Flowers in June to July, or to August
to September in higher elevations. Capitula(1–)2–5 in a loose raceme, nodding, with peduncles 13–25 cm long, densely arachnoid andpubescent with multicellular brownish hairs; subtending leaves 1–2, lanceolate, 10–20 mm long,with weak spines ca. 0.5 mm long. Involucres
bowl-shaped, 20–25 mm long, 16–25 mm (invivo) and 3–6 cm (in sicco) in diameter, sparingly

arachnoid. Phyllaries 8-seriate, ﬂexuous; glandular bodies linear, whitish (in vivo) and black (insicco), degenerative, eglutinous; innermost phyllaries linear, 21–23 mm long; outer phyllaries
narrowly ovate, 16–25 mm long, as long as theinner ones, herbaceous, caudate at apex, terminated with sharp spines 2–3 mm long. Corollae
pale pink to whitish pink, 17–20 mm long; lobes
4–6 mm long; throats 5–7 mm long; tubes
6–8 mm long, longer than or as long as thethroats; styles pink in hermaphrodite ﬂorets, deep
pink in female ﬂorets. Achenes brownish graytinged pale purple, 4–4.5 mm long, ribbed, striate; pappus grayish, 13–15 mm long.
Japanese name: Kamui-azami (nom. nov.).
Chromosome number: 2n＝4x＝68 (Nishikawa,
pers. comm.).
Additional specimens examined: JAPAN.
Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref., Yûfutsu-gun,Shimukappu-mura, Shimo-Tomamu, Ikutoratôge pass, alt. ca. 700 m, 5 July 2011, Y. Kadota
1117027–1117028 (TNS 1142935–1142939);
Shimukappu-mura, Akaiwa-Seigan-kyô gorge,
alt. 290 m, 4 July 2011, Y. Kadota 1117022–
1117024 (TNS 1142893–1142895, 1142899–
1142907); Shimukappu-mura, Sôshubetsu, alt.
360 m, 5 July 2011, K. Kadota 1117025 (TNS
1142930–1142931). Mukawa-cho, Shiomi, 15
July 2001, K. Oita 01-6625 (SAPS); Mukawacho, Hobetsu Toyoidzumi, 27 June 2009, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 739721–739722); Mukawa-cho,
Hobetsu Tomiuchi, 27 June 2009, H. Igarashi s.n.
(TNS 739723); Mukawa-cho, Hobetsu Tomiuchi,
alt. 90 m, 26 June 2010, S. Umezawa b (TNS
1107375–1107376); Mt. Bôzu-yama, Ôkuzure,
13 July 2004, Y. Kanagami & al. 04-9159,
04-9170 (SAPS); Mukawa-cho, Hobetsu Fukuyama, Mt. Bôzu-yama, alt. 600 m, 26 June 2010,
S. Umezawa a, e (TNS 1107361–1107365,
1107371–1107374); Mt. Bôzu-yama, alt. 425 m,
26 June 2010, S. Umezawa b (TNS 1107366–
1107370); Mt. Bôzu-yama, alt. 170 m, 4 JulyFig. 9. Habit of Cirsium kenji-horieanum Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref., Asahikawa-shi, Etanbetsu, Mt. Maru-yama, 8 August 2011). Left corner inset shows capitulum. Whitish glandular bodies are seenon the abaxial side of the involucral phyllaries.

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

2011, Y. Kadota 1117013–1117016 (TNS 1142884–
1142892). Sorachi-gun, Minami-Furano-cho,Kanayama, E foot of Mt. Yubari-dake, alt. 334 m,
5 July 2011, Y. Kadota 1117032–1117035 (TNS
1142908–1142920).
Sorachi Subpref., Yubari-shi, Mt. Yuparo, 8Aug. 1912, H. Yanagisawa s.n. (SAPS); Mt.
Yupari, 27 July 1957, S. Nosaka 31689 (SAPS);Ô-yubari, 14 July 1986, A. Hinoma & K. Sakai
640 (SAPS); Mt. Yubari-dake, Hiyamizu Course,
alt. 800–1150 m, 12 Aug. 1982, H. Takahashi
2978 (SAPS); Mt. Yubari-dake, Bunkiten — E
side of Mt. Mae-dake, alt. 1250–1350 m, 28 July
1987, H. Takahashi & al. 7386, 7411, 7415, 7443
(SAPS). Hidaka Subpref., Saru-gun, Biratoricho, Honmachi, Yoshitsune park, 27 June 2009,
H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 739719–739720); Biratori-cho, Yoshitsune park, alt. 150 m, 4 July 2011, Y.
Kadota 1117011–1117012 (TNS 1142921–
1142922); Biratori-cho, Honmachi, alt. 70 m, 26
June 2010, S. Umezawa c (TNS 1107351–
1107360) Biratori-cho, Asahi, alt. ca. 190 m, 1
July 2011, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 1139214–
1139215); Biratori-cho, Nioi, alt. ca. 70 m, 1 July
2011, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 1139216–1139217);
Hidaka-cho, Monbetsu Midori-cho, 30 June
2009, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 739716); Hidakacho, Monbetsu Tomikawa, Biraga, alt. 20 m, 26
June 2010, S. Umezawa f1–f2 (TNS 1107474–
1107481); Hidaka-cho, Miwa, alt. ca. 100 m, 1
July 2011, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 1139213);
Hidaka-cho, Chisaka, along the river Pankenûshi-gawa, alt. ca. 550 m, 5 July 2011, Y.
Kadota 1117036–1117037 (TNS 1142806–

Fig. 10. Somatic chromosomes of Cirsium kenji-horieanum Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Kamikawa Subpref.,Asahikawa-shi, Etanbetsu, Mt. Maru-yama). Scale＝5 μm.
Fig. 11. Type of Cirsium austrohidakaense Kadota (JAPAN. Hokkaido. Hidaka Subpref., Samani-gun, Samanicho, Shiomidai, Mt. Kanʼnon-yama, 10 July 2011, Y. Kadota 1117042, TNS 1142976, holotype).

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Yuichi Kadota and Norihito Miura

1142808, 1142815–1142817). Niikappu-gun,Niikappu-cho, Hangankan forest park, alt. 73 m,
10 July 2011, Y. Kadota 1117097–1117099 (TNS
1142818–1142822). Hidaka-gun, Shin-Hidakacho, Shizunai Toyohata, Mt. Perari-yama, 29
June 2005, S. Umezawa 05062916–05062919(TNS 753584–753587, 753642, 768264); Mt.
Perari-yama, alt. 24 m, 9 July 2011, Y. Kadota
1117071–1117073 (TNS 1142846–1142854);
Shin-Hidaka-cho, Shizunai Toyohata, 28 June
2009, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 739711–739712);
Shin-Hidaka-cho, Mitsuishi Hongiri, alt.
30–50 m, 29 June 2005, S. Umezawa 05-01–0505 (TNS 749686–749696); Shin-Hidaka-cho,
Mitsuishi Toyooka, 29 June 2005, S. Umezawa
050629911–050629912 (TNS 753569–753570,
768322–768323); Shin-Hidaka-cho, Shizunai
Misono, 6 July 1995, H. Takahashi 18200(SAPS); Shin-Hidaka-cho, Shizunai Misono, 29
June 2005, S. Umezawa 05062921 (TNS
768321); Shin-Hidaka-cho, Mitsuishi Nishihata,
28 June 2009, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 739711);
Shin-Hidaka-cho, Mitsuishi, Mt. Hôrai-san, 28
June 2009, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 739713–
739715); Shin-Hidaka-cho, Mitsuishi Kerimai, 9July 2010, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 1108764).
Urakawa-gun, Urakawa-cho, 24 June 1987, J.
Haginiwa JH 10972–10973, 30516 (TNS
960972–960973, 980516); Urakawa-cho, Ogibushi, 9 July 2010, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS
1108765); Urakawa-cho, Ogibushi, alt. 30 m, 9
July 2011, Y. Kadota 1117074–1117076 (TNS
1142823–1142832). Samani-gun, Samani-cho, 9July 1973, J. Haginiwa JH 010984 (TNS
960984); Samani-cho, Shintomi, 29 June 2005,
S. Umezawa 05062901 (TNS 753574–753576);
Samani-cho, Shintomi, 9 July 2010, H. Igarashis.n. (TNS 1108760); Samani-cho, Nishi-Samani,alt. 36 m, 9 July 2011, Y. Kadota 1117091–
1117095 [hermaphrodite], 1117096 [female](TNS 1142855–1142870); Samani-cho, Shiomidai, 9 July 2010, H. Igarashi s.n. (TNS 1108761–
1108762); Samani-cho, Shiomidai, Mt. Kanʼnon-

yama, alt. 79 m, 10 July 2011, Y. Kadota
1117041, 1117043–1117052 [hermaphrodite],
1117053–1117054 [female] (TNS 1142946–
1142966, 1142978–1142984). Horoidzumi-gun,
Erimo-cho, Erimo-misaki cape, 8 Aug. 1985, Y.
Kadota & K. Midorikawa 12972 (TNS
9026605); Erimo-cho, Erimo-misaki cape, 29Aug. 1985, J. Haginiwa JH 4526–4527, 10954(TNS 954526–954527, 960954); Erimo-cho,
Erimo-misaki cape, alt. ca. 50 m, 11 Aug. 2005,
Y. Kadota s.n. (TNS 751495, 751790–751793,751797). Tokachi Subpref., Hiroo-gun, Hiroocho, Funbe-no-taki fall, 25 June 1987, J. Haginiwa JH 10964 (TNS 960964).
Note: Cirsium austrohidakaense has been longconfused with C. kamtschaticum in the Hidaka
and Yubari Mountains, central Hokkaido. Cirsium austrohidakaense differs clearly from C.
kamtschaticum especially in the long-ﬂexuous
middle and outer involucral phyllaries and whitish, linear glandular bodies on all the phyllaries
in the former species.
In Hidaka and Yubari Mountains the habitats
of C. austrohidakaense and C. kamtschaticum
were vertically segregated, i.e., the former in thebasal to montane zones and the latter in thealpine zone. Cirsium austrohidakaense was occasionally found in the alpine zone of the northernmost part of Hidaka Mountains. However, sympatric occurrence of the two species was notobserved in Hidaka and Yubari Mountains.
Acknowledgments
I am deeply indebted to Messrs. S. Umezawa
and H. Igarashi for their gifts of Cirsium specimens; Dr. K. Horie for his guidance to the locality and assistance for the ﬁeld study of C. chikabumiense and C. kenji-horieanum; Mr. S. Miyafor his assistance to the ﬁeld study of C. charkeviczii in Nemuro Peninsula. I wish to give my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. T. Nishikawa for counting the chromosome numbers of Cirsium

Fig. 12. Cirsium austrohidakaense Kadota. A. Habit. B. Hermaphrodite capitulum. C. Female capitulum.
JAPAN. Hokkaido. Hidaka Subpref., Samani-gun, Samani-cho, Shiomidai, Mt. Kanʼnon-yama, 10 July 2011.

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austrohidakaense described in this paper. Thanks
also go to the Curators of the Herbaria (KYO,
SAPS and TI) and to an anonymous reviewer forchecking the text.
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