平成 25 年度 日欧フォーラム（欧州）Japan – Europe Conference“EU-Japan Economic Relations: Present and Future”

報 告 書2013 年 7 月 12 日（金）（フランス パリ開催）

一般財団法人 国際経済交流財団

この事業は、競輪の補助を受けて実施しました。

http://ringring-keirin.jp

平成 25 年度日欧フォーラム（欧州） 2013 年 7 月 12 日（金） （於：フランス パリ）

2013/7/12

開会の辞 日下会長

歓迎の辞 Gailly 氏

会場の様子

セッション 1 モデレーター Sautter 氏

セッション 1 スピーカー 伊藤教授

セッション 1 質疑応答

2013/7/12

セッション 1 会場の様子

セッション 2 モデレーター 原岡専務理事

セッション 2 スピーカー 中富氏

セッション 2 スピーカー 金子氏

セッション 2 質疑応答

セッション 2 会場の様子

セッション 3 モデレーター Tenzer 氏

セッション 3 スピーカー 有馬氏

セッション 3 質疑応答

閉会の辞 Bizouard-Hayat 氏

目

次

１． 開

催

趣

旨 ·········································································

1

２． 開

催

概

要 ·········································································

2

３． 詳

細

日

程 ·········································································

7

４． 出

者 ·········································································· 10

席

歴 ·········································································· 13

５． 略
６． 議

事

要

旨

日本語············································································· 30

７．発

表

英

語············································································· 34

資料 ··········································································· 38
果 ··········································································· 94

８．成９．共 催 団 体 紹 介 ··········································································· 95
10．事

務局 ··········································································· 96

１．開催趣旨

昨年の EU 経済はギリシャを初めとする EU 南部諸国の「財政危機」が世界経済の先行きに大きな不安を与えた一年であった。幸い、この財政危機は EU 当局の適切な対応により一応の終息を見たものの、本年に入ってからもキプロスの財政危機が浮上するなど依然として不安定要因が残っている。
本年 5 月の欧州委員会の発表によると、本年の EU の経済成長はマイナス 0.1％とユーロ圏のみならず EU 全体でも二年連続のマイナス成長が見込まれており、EU 経済の本格回復は 2014 年に持ち越されると予想されている。
一方のわが国は、昨年 12 月の安倍政権成立後、経済は急速に立ち直っている。特に安倍総理が主唱している「アベノミクス」の所謂三本の矢のうちの「金融」および「財政」政策が功を奏して政権樹立直後から円安・株高が急速に進展し、GDP 成長率も 2012 年の 1.9％から 2013 年第一四半期には年率 4.1％と大幅な改善を見ている。今後は第三の矢、すなわち成長戦略で如何なる具体策が発表されるかが注目を浴びている。
このほか、日 EU 間では昨年合意された「日 EU・FTA」交渉が本年 4 月に開始されており、この分
野でも今後の進展が注目されている。
以上を背景として、本年度はフランスアスペン研究所との共催により、
１）変容する欧州および日本の戦略
２）地域統合の持つ国際的インプリケーション
３）今後の持続的成長にとっての中長期的課題の三点を取り上げ、日 EU 双方専門家・有識者間での検討を行うこととした。
なお、フランスアスペン研究所との共催フォーラムは今回で 10 回目の節目を迎えることになる。
本事業は、競輪の補助を受けて実施した。

1２．開催概要

１．会期

２．主 催 者

３．開 催 地2013 年 7 月 12 日（金） 09:35-17:45
日本側

一般財団法人国際経済交流財団／Japan Economic Foundation (JEF)

欧州側

フランスアスペン研究所／Institut Aspen France

Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry
住所：2 place de la Bourse, 75002, Paris, France

４．テ ー マ“EU-Japan Economic Relations: Present and Future”
日欧経済関係：現状と今後

Session 1: Economic Session “Diverging European and Japanese Strategies”
経済問題“欧州と日本の戦略の違い”-

What are the lessons from the Eurocrisis? How are European countries going tomanage this challenge?
欧州債務危機からの教訓とは。欧州諸国はこの危機にどのように対処するのか-

Assessment of Abenomics: What are the major effects witnessed so far andwhat should we expect?
アベノミクスの評価：現時点までの効果と今後の見通し-

What kind of structual reforms are required in both Japan and Europe?
日欧ともにどのような構造改革が必要か

Session 2: Trade Session “International Implications of Regional Integration”
通商問題“地域統合の国際的影響”-

Free trade agreements, a new hope for growth?
自由貿易協定、新たな成長戦略となり得るか-

China's rise: Opportunity or challenge?
中国の台頭：チャンスか挑戦かSession 3: Future Prospect Session “Middle to Long Term Impediments for
Sustainable Economic Growth”
今後の見通し“持続可能な経済成長への中長期的な阻害要因とは”-Energy and environment: What kind of impact will the US’s strive for energy
independency (thanks to the shale gas revolution) have on both “energy
consuming” and “energy exporting” countries?

2

エネルギーと環境問題：米国がエネルギー自立国（シェールガス革命の恩恵で）へと突き進んでいることは、「エネルギー消費国」「エネルギー輸出国」の双方にどのような影響を与えるか-

Ageing Society: Is an ageing society an opportunity or an impediment forsustainable economic growth?
高齢化社会：持続可能な経済成長にとって、高齢化社会は阻害要因か促進要因か

５．出 席 者
【日本側】
有馬

日欧双方より計 40 名
7名

純

（五十音順／敬称略）
ジェトロ・ロンドン事務所 所長

伊藤 隆敏

東京大学大学院経済学研究科（兼）東京大学公共政策大学院 教授

金子 知裕

経済産業省 通商政策局 通商機構部 参事官（全体統括）

中富 道隆

経済産業研究所 コンサルティングフェロー

日下 一正

一般財団法人国際経済交流財団 会長

原岡 直幸

一般財団法人国際経済交流財団 専務理事

斎藤 伸一

一般財団法人国際経済交流財団 理事（業務担当）

【欧州側】

33 名

（アルファベット順）

Ms. Cécile André
Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Equipment Finance Business Line
Member, Paris Ile-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry(CCIR-PIDF)
Mr. Patrick Aubert
Deputy Secretary-General at the French Pension Advisory Committee(Conseil d’orientation des Retraites-COR)
Mr. Jean-François Ballorain
Owner & Managing Director, THE JF STEEL HUB
Mr. Fatih Birol
Chief Economist at the International Energy Agency, Paris
Mrs. Martine Bizouard-Hayat
Co-Chairman of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
Founder and President, Terra Incognita
Mme. Noriko Carpentier Tominaga
Director, Comité d’Echanges Franco-Japonais (CEFJ)

3

Mr. Frédéric ChichePartner, Benoit & Associés
Mr. Benoît Coeuré
Member of the Board Executive, European Central Bank
Mr. Jean-Yves Colin
Former Banker, Member, Asia Center
Mr. Jean-François Di Meglio
President, Asia Center
Mme. Orianne Duprat-Briou
President Managing Board, Aspen France
Chief of Tax Bureau, Personal Tax, Ministry of Finance, France
Ms. Alice Ekman
Research Fellow, China, Center for Asian Studies, French Institute of International
Relations
Mr. Kunikazu Fujiwara
Directeur Général of Corporate Communication, Shiseido International Europe
Mr. Pierre-Antoine Gailly
Chairman, Paris Ile-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry(CCIR-PIDF) and Comité d’Echanges Franco-Japonais (CEFJ)
Mr. Renaud Guidée
Member of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
Executive Director Goldman Sachs, Paris
Mr. Satoshi Imai
President, Nomura Bank, France
Mr. Jérôme Itty
Secretary General, Japan European Conference Aspen
Mission Leader, General Inspection, Ministry of Finance, France
Ms. Françoise Klein
Chief Asia Bureau, Treasury, Ministry of Finance, France

4Mr. Olivier Mellerio
President Mellerio International, President Interfinexa,
Member, CCIR-PIDF, and Vice-Chairman, CEFJ
Mr. Patrick Messerlin
Professor of Economics (Emeritus), Sciences Po, Paris
Director, “Groupe d’Economie Mondiale” (GEM), Sciences Po
Mr. Claude Meyer
Senior Research Fellow, “Groupe d’Economie Mondiale” (GEM), Sciences Po
Professor CFJM (French-Japanese Management Center), Rennes University
Member, Scientific Committee, Europe-Asia Program, Sciences Po
Ms. Isabelle Nahum
Deputy Director Legal Service, Artémis
Mr. Etienne Oudot de Dainville
Trade and Investment Policy, Economic Counselor, Treasury, Ministry of Finance,
FranceMs. Céline Pajon
Research Fellow Specializes in Japan’s Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy, andDefense Posture, Ifri Center for Asian Studies
Mr. Mineaki Saito
Deputy CEO, Hermès International
Mr. Christian Sautter
Former Finance Minister, France
Ms. Janet Steinmetzer
Member of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
Mr. Nicolas Tenzer
Member of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
President, The Initiative for the Development of French Expertise
Mr. Koji Toyokuni
Director General, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), Paris

5

Mr. Patrice Vial
Senior Advisor, Hawkpoint Partners Limited
Mr. François Vidal
Deputy Editor at Les Echos, The French Economic Daily
Mr. Philippe Waetcher
Chief Economist, Natixis Bank, Paris
Ms. Helene Zwang
Head of Institutional Affairs and Business Diplomacy Department at the International
European Affairs Division
６．形

式

７．使用言語

クローズド・ラウンドテーブル（チャタムハウス・ルール）
英語6３．詳細日程

JAPAN-EUROPE CONFERENCE“EU-JAPAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS: PRESENT AND FUTURE”
09:35-17:45, Friday, 12 July, 2013
at Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2 place de la Bourse)
hosted by Japan Economic Foundation and Institut Aspen France
Agenda09:15-09:35

Registration and Welcome Drinks

09:35-09:45

Welcoming Words
Mr. Pierre-Antoine Gailly, Chairman of the Paris Ile-de-France Regional
Chambre of Commerce and Industry

09:45-09:50

Opening Remarks
Mr. Kazumasa Kusaka, Chairman and CEO of Japan Economic
Foundation (JEF)

09:50-11:50

Session 1: Economic Session“Diverging European and Japanese Strategies”-

What are the lessons from the Eurocrisis? How are European
countries going to manage this challenge?

-

Assessment of Abenomics: What are the major effects witnessed so
far and what should we expect?

-

What kind of structual reforms are required in both Japan andEurope?

 Moderator: Mr. Christian Sautter, Former Finance Minister Speakers (@10 min)【Japan】
Prof. Takatoshi Ito, Dean, Graduate School of Public Policy, andProfessor, Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo“Abenomics: Episode II”

7

【EU】
Mr. Satoshi Imai, President, Nomura Bank France“The impact of Abenomics on Japanese household financial assets”
Mr. Jean-Yves Colin, Former Banker, Member of the Asia Centre“Abenomics, Abelitics or Abegeddon?”
11:50-13:00

Networking Luncheon

13:00-15:00

Session 2: Trade Session“International Implications of Regional Integration”-

Free trade agreements, a new hope for growth?

-

China's rise: Opportunity or challenge?

 Moderator: Mr. Naoyuki Haraoka, Executive Managing Director,
Japan Economic Foundation (JEF)
 Speakers (@10 min)【Japan】
Mr. Michitaka Nakatomi, Consulting Fellow, Research Institute of
Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)“The Era of Mega FTAs - Challenges and Global Governance”
Mr. Tomohiro Kaneko, Principal Director, Multilateral Trade System
Department, Trade Policy Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry (METI)“The Emergence of a Global Value Chain and Japan’s Trade Policy”【EU】
Mr. Etienne Oudot de Dainville, Ministry of Economy and Finance“The EU trade agenda in Asia: a French perspective”
Prof. Patrick Messerlin, Professor at Sciences Po“Negotiating mega-FTAs: a new game”
Mrs. Alice Ekman, Research Fellow at the French Institute ofInternational Relations (Ifri), Associate Professor at Sciences Po
Mrs. Céline Pajon, Research Fellow at the French Institute ofInternational Relations (Ifri)“China-Japan relations under the new leaderships - A Beijing-Tokyo
comparative perspective"

8

15:00-15:30

Coffee Break

15:30-17:30

Session 3: Future Prospect Session“Middle to Long Term Impediments for Sustainable
Economic Growth”-

Energy and environment: What kind of impact will the US’s strive
for energy independency (thanks to the shale gas revolution) have on
both “energy consuming” and “energy exporting” countries?

-

Ageing Society: Is an ageing society an opportunity or an
impediment for sustainable economic growth?

 Moderator: Mr. Nicolas Tenzer, Member of the Mananging Board of
Aspen Institute France, President of the Initiative forthe Development of French Expertise Speakers (@10 min)【Japan】
Mr. Jun Arima, Director General, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), London“Shale Gas Revolution & Japan’s Energy & Climate Challenges”【EU】
Dr. Fatih Birol, Chief Economist and Director of Global Energy
Economics at the International Energy Agency in Paris“Energy and environment: impacts of the shale gas revolution”
Mr. Philippe Waechter, Economic Research Director, Natixis“Ageing, job market, and growth”
Mr. Patrick Aubert, Deputy Secretary-General at the French Pension
Advisory Committee (Conseil d’orientation des Retraites-COR)“Reforming the French Pension System in the Context of an Ageing
Society”
17:30-17:45

Closing Remarks
Mrs. Martine Bizouard-Hayat, Co-chairman of the Managing Board of
Aspen Institute France

9

４．出席者

計 40 名（アルファベット順）

MS. CÉCILE ANDRÉ
Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Equipment Finance Business Line
Member, Paris Ile-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry(CCIR-PIDF)
MR. JUN ARIMA
Director General, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), London
MR. PATRICK AUBERT
Deputy Secretary-General at the French Pension Advisory Committee(Conseil d’orientation des Retraites-COR)
MR. JEAN-FRANÇOIS BALLORAIN
Owner & Managing Director, THE JF STEEL HUB
MR. FATIH BIROL
Chief Economist at the International Energy Agency, Paris
MRS. MARTINE BIZOUARD-HAYAT
Co-Chairman of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
Founder and President, Terra Incognita
MME. NORIKO CARPENTIER TOMINAGA
Director, Comité d’Echanges Franco-Japonais (CEFJ)
MR. FRÉDÉRIC CHICHE
Partner, Benoit & Associés
MR. BENOÎT COEURÉMember of the Board Executive, European Central Bank
MR. JEAN-YVES COLIN
Former Banker, Member, Asia Center
MR. JEAN-FRANÇOIS DI MEGLIO
President, Asia Center
MME. ORIANNE DUPRAT-BRIOU
President Managing Board, Aspen France
Chief of Tax Bureau, Personal Tax, Ministry of Finance, France
MS. ALICE EKMAN
Research Fellow, China, Center for Asian Studies, French Institute of International
Relations
MR. KUNIKAZU FUJIWARA
Directeur Général of Corporate Communication, Shiseido International Europe

10MR. PIERRE-ANTOINE GAILLY
Chairman, Paris Ile-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCIR-PIDF)
and Comité d’Echanges Franco-Japonais (CEFJ)
MR. RENAUD GUIDÉEMember of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
Executive Director Goldman Sachs, Paris
MR. NAOYUKI HARAOKA
Executive Managing Director, Japan Economic Foundation (JEF)
MR. SATOSHI IMAI
President, Nomura Bank, France
PROF. TAKATOSHI ITO
Dean, Graduate School of Public Policy, and Professor, Graduate School of Economics,
University of Tokyo
MR. JÉRÔME ITTY
Secretary General, Japan European Conference Aspen
Mission Leader, General Inspection, Ministry of Finance, France
MR. TOMOHIRO KANEKO
Principal Director, Multilateral Trade System Department, Trade Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
MS. FRANÇOISE KLEIN
Chief Asia Bureau, Treasury, Ministry of Finance, France
MR. KAZUMASA KUSAKA
Chairman and CEO, Japan Economic Foundation (JEF)
MR. OLIVIER MELLERIO
President Mellerio International, President Interfinexa
Member, CCIR-PIDF, and Vice-Chairman, CEFJ
MR. PATRICK MESSERLIN
Professor of Economics (Emeritus), Sciences Po, Paris
Director, “Groupe d’Economie Mondiale” (GEM), Sciences Po
MR. CLAUDE MEYER
Senior Research Fellow, “Groupe d’Economie Mondiale” (GEM), Sciences Po
Professor CFJM (French-Japanese Management Center), Rennes University
Member, Scientific Committee, Europe-Asia Program, Sciences Po
MS. ISABELLE NAHUM
Deputy Director Legal Service, Artémis
MR. MICHITAKA NAKATOMI
Consulting Fellow, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)
MR. ETIENNE OUDOT DE DAINVILLE
Trade and Investment Policy, Economic Counselor, Treasury, Ministry of Finance, France

11MS. CÉLINE PAJON
Research Fellow Specializes in Japan’s Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy, andDefense Posture, Ifri Center for Asian Studies
MR. MINEAKI SAITO
Deputy CEO, Hermès International
AMB. SHINICHI SAITOExecutive Director, International Affairs, Japan Economic Foundation (JEF)
MR. CHRISTIAN SAUTTERFormer Finance Minister, France
MS. JANET STEINMETZERMember of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
MR. NICOLAS TENZER
Member of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France
President, The Initiative for the Development of French Expertise
MR. KOJI TOYOKUNI
Director General, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), Paris
MR. PATRICE VIAL
Senior Advisor, Hawkpoint Partners Limited
MR. FRANÇOIS VIDAL
Deputy Editor at Les Echos, The French Economic Daily
MR. PHILIPPE WAETCHER
Chief Economist, Natixis Bank, ParisMS. HÉLÈNE ZWANG
Head of Institutional Affairs and Business Diplomacy Department at the International
European Affairs Division

12

５．略歴

（アルファベット順・敬称略）

CÉCILE ANDRÉ
After a significant experience in the consulting business in Asia and Europe, Cécile André has
worked 11 years for Société Générale Group as Co Head of Strategy and as Director of Operations
for Debts and Capital Markets. She then was Head of Capital Advisory for financial customers andthen Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Equipment Finance business line. Cécile André is also anelected member of the Paris Chamber of Commerce. Her experience in the banking, asset
management and insurance sectors covers topics such as strategy and transformation, risk andcapital management, business development/M&A and operational efficiency.

JUN ARIMA
Mr. Arima is Director General, Japan External Trade Organization, London on secondment from
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry since April 2011.
Formerly, he was one of Japan’s chief negotiators in the UN Climate Talks from 2008 to 2011
including Poznan (2008), Copenhagen (2009) and Cancun (2010). Based on this background, he isserving as Special Advisor on Global Environmental Affairs for the METI in parallel with his DG
position in JETRO.
Since his joining in the MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) in 1982, he has longexperience in the international energy and environment policies including Councillor, International
Energy Negotiation, Agency of Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE), METI (2007-2008), Director,
International Affairs Division, ANRE/METI (2006-2007), Head of Country Studies Division,
International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris (2002-2006), Councillor (Energy) in the Permanent
Delegation of Japan to the OECD (1996-1999) .
He has Bachelor of Economics, Tokyo University.

PATRICK AUBERTPatrick Aubert, D.Sc. in economics, is currently deputy secretary-general at the French Pension
advisory committee (Conseil d’orientation des Retraites –COR). Previous appointments in theadministration have been as head of the 'Redistribution and Social Policies' research unit within thenational institute for statistics and economic studies (INSEE), head of the 'Pension Systems' bureau13

at the French Ministry in charge of social affairs, and head of the 'Labour Market Short-Term
Forecast' unit at INSEE. His research work agenda is focused on dynamic microsimulation of topics
linked to the French pension system. His latest studies have been on the impact of the recent
reforms of the French pension system, redistribution within pension schemes and senior workers
employment.

JEAN-FRANÇOIS BALLORAIN
Jean-François Ballorain graduated from the University of Paris I in 1988 with a Magistere inInternational Relations, with a speciality in Asian countries. During this course he spent 6 months
in South Korea prospecting the market of electrical equipment companies. After having worked 2
years for a business consulting firm in Brussels, he joined the French steel producer Usinor Sacilor
in Paris for which he was until 1999 working for the automotive division. On this occasion, hefollowed the development of the sales of the group to the Japanese car industry "transplants"
in Europe and participated to several joint team works between Japanese steel producers and thegroup. He was then recruited by the Japanese trading shosha Itochu Steel Europe (now Marubeni
Itochu Steel Europe) to open their Paris liaison office and work on their business development.
He followed several projects between French and Japanese sub contractors to the automotive
industries and steel industries and service centres. After leaving Marubeni Itochu Steel in April
2010 he created The JF Steel Hub in June 2011, a business consulting and steel brocker working
with partners in Italy and Germany and ties in Japan, representing steel makers and distributors inFrance Born in August 1964, he is married and has 3 children.

FATIH BIROL
Dr. Fatih Birol is the Chief Economist at the International Energy Agency in Paris. He is responsible
for the IEA’s flagship World Energy Outlook publication, which is recognized as the mostauthoritative source of strategic analysis of global energy markets. He is also the founder and chairof the IEA Energy Business Council, which provides a forum to enhance cooperation between theenergy industry and energy policymakers.
Dr. Birol has been named by Forbes Magazine among the most powerful people in terms ofinfluence on the world’s energy scene. He is the Chairman of the World Economic Forum’s (Davos)
Energy Advisory Board and has served as a member of the UN Secretary-General’s ‘High-level
Group on Sustainable Energy for All’. In 2013, Dr. Birol was presented with two special awards fromthe Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in appreciation of the work heand his team carried out for the Iraq Energy Outlook. Dr. Birol was also awarded the Order of Meritof the Italian Republic in 2012, the country’s highest honour. In 2009, alongside awards from the14

Dutch and Polish governments, Dr. Birol received Germany’s Federal Cross of Merit, the country’s
most prestigious decoration. He was awarded the Golden Honour Medal of Austria in 2007 and wasmade a Chevalier dans l’ordre des Palmes académiques by France in 2006. These followed awards
from the governments of Turkey in 2005 and the United States in 2004 and from the Russian
Academy of Sciences in 2002. He is a past winner of the International Association of Energy
Economics’ annual award for outstanding contribution to the profession.
Prior to joining the IEA in 1995, Dr. Birol worked at the Organisation of the Petroleum ExportingCountries (OPEC) in Vienna. A Turkish citizen, Dr. Birol was born in Ankara in 1958. He earned a BSc
degree in power engineering from the Technical University of Istanbul. He received his MSc and
PhD in energy economics from the Technical University of Vienna.

MARTINE BIZOUARD-HAYAT
Ms Bizouard Hayat is an independent consultant, specializing in effectiveness of organizations andtheir executives. She contributes to enhance or restore effectiveness organizations, notably undertransformation. She has held positions over fifteen years in financial engineering in several areas of
the banking business (financing of basic industry and infrastructures, financial markets). She was alecturer at ESSEC and Telecom ParisTech. Ms Bizouard Hayat is a graduate of the Ecole Centrale deLyon (engineering) and ESSEC (finance). She was trained in coaching, systemic approach and holds a
degree in Transactional Analysis for psychotherapy. She has held pro bono positions for nonprofitable associations; she co-chairs the managing board of Aspen France.

NORIKO CARPENTIER TOMINAGA
Since 2006 as Director of the Comité d’Echanges Franco-Japonais created by the Paris Ile-de-France
Regional Chamber of commerce and industry, she is responsible for organizing various activities(forum, conferences, seminars, etc) for the French companies exporting to Japan, and the Japanesecompanies investing in France. The purpose of the CEFJ’s activities is to deepen the mutual
understanding and increasing and strengthening the economic and commercial exchange between
France and Japan, or even wider context than bilateral relations like EU-Japan. She is an executive
MBA holder (HEC).
Her experience in Japan working at the Delegation of the European Commission in Japan, and at
Nissan as CEO office’s manager help her in widen her professional horizon.

FRÉDÉRIC CHICHE
Partner, Benoit & Associés

15

BENOÎT COEURÉBenoît Cœuré has been a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since
1 January 2012. He is responsible for Market Operations, Research, and Payments and Market
Infrastructure.
Prior to joining the ECB, he served in various policy positions at the French Treasury. He was the
Deputy Chief Executive, then Chief Executive, of the French debt management office, Agence
France Trésor, between 2002 and 2007. From 2007 to 2009, he was France’s Assistant Secretary for
Multilateral Affairs, Trade and Development, co-chair of the Paris Club and G8 and G20 FinanceSous-Sherpa for France. From 2009 to 2011, he was Deputy Director General and Chief Economistof the French Treasury.
Mr Cœuré co-chaired the G20 working group on reforming the World Bank and the othermultilateral development banks in 2009, and the G20 sub-working group on global liquidity
management in 2011.
Mr Cœuré is a graduate of the École polytechnique in Paris. He holds an advanced degree instatistics and economic policy from the École nationale de la statistique et de l’administrationéconomique (ENSAE) and a B.A. in Japanese. He has taught international economics and economic
policy at the École polytechnique and at Sciences Po in Paris. He has authored articles and books on
economic policy, the international monetary system and the economics of European integration,
including Dealing with the New Giants: Rethinking the Role of Pension Funds (CEPR, 2006, with Tito
Boeri, Lans Bovenberg and Andrew Roberts) and Economic Policy: Theory and Practice (Oxford
University Press, 2010, with Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, Pierre Jacquet and Jean Pisani-Ferry).

JEAN-YVES COLIN
Jean-Yves Colin, a former ENA graduate, joined the Asia Centre in early 2013 in the capacity oftreasurer.
At the Crédit Agricole from which he retired in the end of 2012, Jean-Yves Colin was Head of Bonds
and Equities Primary Markets (1992-1996). He next became deputy CEO of Credit Agricole AssetManagement (1997-2007) and supervised the development of asset management in Asia andJapan. From 2010 to 2013 he was senior executive advisor at Amundi AM and vice-chairman of
ABC-CA in Shanghai and Amundi AM Japan. During his career at Crédit Agricole Jean-Yves Colin was
also Head of Compliance of CA s.a. and vice-chairman of Credit Agricole Lazard Financial Products.
After his ENA graduation Jean-Yves Colin started his professional life at the Ministry ofTransportation, and next at the Ministry of Economy and Finance, Treasury division. He was
Financial Attaché and Financial Counselor at the French Embassy in Tokyo (1987 – 1990). Jean-Yves
Colin was corporate secretary of the SFEF, a company which was temporarily in charge ofrefinancing French banks in 2009.
16

JEAN-FRANÇOIS DI MEGLIO
Jean-François DI MEGLIO, 57, is an alumnus of Ecole Normale Supérieure (Ulm) in Paris and of
Beijing University. He currently chairs Asia Centre, which he contributed establishing in 2005, as theTreasurer, then becoming Vice-Président, then succeeding François Godement as “Président”. In
this capacity he contributes to the academic output of the Centre on monetary and energy issues
across Asia.
Before devoting most of his time to Asia Centre, Jean-François Di Meglio had been working at
Paribas SA, then BNP Paribas SA (after 2000) in various positions, most of them in Asia or in relation
with Asia, out of which a posting in Japan in 2000 as Head of coverage and corporate banking.

ORIANNE DUPRAT-BRIOU
Inspector of finances, Orianne Duprat-Briou is currently head of the office in charge with capitaltaxation in the Direction of Fiscal Legislation of the French Ministry of Economy and Finances. She isalso president of the managing board of Institut Aspen France.
From 2003 to December 2004, she worked for the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs and was incharge of the questions related to Paris Club, IMF, Worldbank and financing development.
Orianne Duprat-Briou is a graduate of Université Paris IV Sorbonne (2000), Sciences Po Paris (2002)
and of « Ecole Nationale d’administration », the French Government training school for high-level
civil servants.

ALICE EKMAN
Alice Ekman is in charge of China research at IFRI. She conducts studies and analyses of majordomestic and foreign policy changes.
She is an associate professor at Sciences Po Paris and Sciences Po Lille, and also lectures at the
French Institute for Higher National Defence Studies and War College.
She was formerly Visiting Scholar at Tsinghua University (Beijing), Research Officer at the Embassyof France in China, and Consultant in a Paris-based strategy firm. Fluent in Mandarin Chinese, sheregularly undertakes research fieldworks in China and East Asia and advises public and private
institutions working in the region.
Alice Ekman holds an MA from the London School of Economics in International Relations,17Economics, and Anthropology (China focus), and a PhD from Sciences Po Paris (Center forInternational Studies and Research - Asia programme).
Among her latest publications: Quelle importance la Chine accorde-t-elle à la France ? (Lettre duCentre Asie, 04/2013), Le Maghreb vu de Chine : perceptions et orientations au lendemain desprintemps arabes (Note de l’Ifri, 02/2013), Chine : nouveau dirigeants nouvelles réformes ?
(Politique étrangère, n° 2013/1), China’s Two-Track Foreign Policy – From Ambiguous to Clear-Cut
Positions (Note de l’Ifri, 12/2012), Chine : Délicate stabilité en période de transition (Ramsès 2013,
IFRI-Dunod, 09/2012).

KUNIKAZU FUJIWARA
Mr. Kunikazu Fujiwara is currently Directeur Général of Corporate Communication for ShiseidoInternational Europe. For over 20 years, he was involved in the development of Global Shiseido
brand marketing, as well as for the Serge Lutens brand, Les salons du Palais Royal, positioned inTokyo, Milan, and Paris. Recently active in communications surrounding Shiseido’s 140th
anniversary in 2012, he is also a visiting lecturer at the University of Tsukuba MBA/MPP program inJapan.

PIERRE-ANTOINE GAILLY
President of the Paris Chambre of Commerce and Industry

From 2013
From 2011
2011 - 2012
From 2011
From 2007

From 2010
From 2000
1998-2005
1996-1998« CHAMBER OF COMMERCE » INSTITUTIONS
Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Paris Île-de-France
Vice-president of the Assembly of French Chambers of Commerce and Industry
Chairman of the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Chairman of the Comite d’Echanges Franco-Japonais
Chairman of the Union of French Chambers of Commerce and Industry Abroad
CAREER DEVELOPMENTS
LIDO
Chairman of the Supervisory Board
L’Eolienne SAS (Consulting and Private equity)
Chairman
Le Bal du Moulin Rouge SA
Chairman of the Management Board
FININFO SA (Electronic solutions for financial information)
Vice-president and Chief executive officer18

1993-1996

1985-1993
1983-1985
1980-1983
1975-1980

Groupe Arnault – LVMH
 Desfossés International (1995-1996)(Economic press : La Tribune – L’Agefi – Investir)
Chairman and Chief executive officer
 Le Bon Marché (1993-1994)
Chairman and Chief executive officer
Poron Diffusion (Troyes)
Jeux Nathan SA
Miro Meccano SA (Groupe Général Mills Inc.)SCAC Matériaux

OTHER MANDATES Member of the Supervisory Board Caisse des Dépôts et consignations
 Member of the Strategic Committee CCIP / Unibail – Rodamco
 Member of the Board of Windhurst industries
 Chairman of the Partners Committe of “Paris Metropolis”

RENAUD GUIDÉE
Renaud Guidée is an Executive Director in the Investment Banking division of Goldman Sachs, basedin Paris and in charge of the coverage of large corporate accounts.
A graduate from HEC and from ENA, he started his career working for JP Morgan in London in 2001,
in the Investment Banking division then in the Equity Research media team, before joining the NewYork based restructuring practice of Ernst & Young’s Corporate Finance department in 2002. In
2005, as part of the ENA training, he became a member of the private office of the European
commissioner for external relations, Ms. Benita Ferrero-Waldner. In 2007, he joined, as inspecteur
des finances, the Inspection générale des finances, which is the body within the French Finance
Ministry in charge of carrying out strategic reviews and assessing the cost-effectiveness of public
policies. In 2010, he served as sherpa for former IMF managing director Michel Camdessus in his
chairmanship of a working group to set a budget balance rule in France. He then joined theInvestment Banking Division of Goldman Sachs in 2011, first in London, within the Financial
Institutions group, then in Paris, assuming his current role.
He is a former jury member of the affirmative action admission procedure to Sciences Po, where healso served as assistant professor in economy. He has been a member of the executive board of
Institut Aspen France since 2011 and a board member of Frateli, an association tutoring highpotential students from low-income suburbs, since 2010. He has been enrolled in the Young
Leaders programme of the French-American Foundation in 2013.

19

NAOYUKI HARAOKA
Mr. Naoyuki Haraoka is Executive Managing Director of Japan Economic Foundation (JEF). After
graduating the University of Tokyo in 1978 (Bachelor of Economics), he joined MITI (Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry) of Japanese government. Having been posted in the industrial
policy section and the international trade policy section for a few years, he was enrolled in a twoyear MPA (Master of Public Administration) programme at Woodraw Wilson School of Princeton
University in the US on a Japanese government sponsorship. After having acquired MPA at
Princeton, he rejoined MITI in 1984 as an economist. Since then he had been posted as Deputy
Director and Director of a number of MITI divisions including Research Division of International
Trade Policy Bureau. He was also posted in Paris twice, firstly, Principal Economist of Trade Bureauof OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) from 1988 to 92 and secondly
Counselor to Japanese Delegation of OECD from 1996 to 99. After coming back to MITI from his
second stay in Paris, at the occasion of the government structural reform in 2001 when MITI was
remodeled as METI (Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry) he joined the efforts to found METI
research institute, Research Institute of Economy Trade and Industry as its Director of
Administration. He became Chief Executive Director of JETRO San Francisco in 2003 and stayed in
San Francisco until 2006. He was Director-General of METI Training Institute from 2006 until July,
2007 when he left METI permanently and joined JEF as Executive Managing Director. Born in Tokyoin 1955.

SATOSHI IMAI
Place of Birth : Kyoto, Japan. Date of Birth : August 8 , 1954
Graduated from Paris 10th Nanterre University ( Bechelor of Sociology) in 1981.
Professional Career:
1981 Tokyo Joined Nomura Securities Co., Ltd. Japan
1982 Paris
Executive Assistant , Nomura France S.A.
1989 London Associate Director , Nomura International plc
1992 Geneva Acting Branch Manager , Nomura Bank Switzerland, Geneva Branch
1996 ParisManaging Director , Banque Nomura France
1998 Madrid CEO, Nomura España Sociedad de Valores
2001 Madrid Managing Director, Nomura International plc, Madrid Branch2004 KL President & CEO, Nomura Malaysia Sdn Bhd
2010 - Paris President , Banque Nomura France
Other current functions : Member of the Board of the Comité d'Echanges Franco-Japonais andInspector of the Institut Culturel Franco-Japonais

20

TAKATOSHI ITO
Takatoshi Ito, Professor at Faculty of Economics and Dean of Graduate School of Public Policy,
University of Tokyo, has taught extensively both in the United States and Japan, including at the
University of Minnesota, Hitotsubashi University, and Harvard University. He held visiting professor
positions at Harvard University (1986-87 and 1992-94), Stanford University (as National Fellow;
1984-85); Columbia Business School (fall semester, 2009), and Tun Ismail Ali Chair Professor at
University of Malaya (summer semester, 2008). His public sector experiences include Senior Advisor
in the Research Department, IMF (1994-97); Deputy Vice Minister for International Affairs at
Ministry of Finance (1999-2001); and a member of the Prime Minister’s Council on Economic andFiscal Policy (2006-08). He is an author of many books including The Japanese Economy (MIT Press),
The Political Economy of the Japanese Monetary Policy (MIT Press), and Financial Policy and Central
Banking in Japan (MIT Press), and more than 50 refereed academic journal articles on international
finance and the Japanese economy, including ones in American Economic Review andEconometrica. He has distinguished academic and research appointments such as President of theJapanese Economic Association in 2004; Fellow of Econometric Society, since 1992; Research
Associate at National Bureau of Economic Research since 1985; and Faculty Fellow, Centre for
Economic Policy Research, since 2006. His research interest includes capital flows and currency
crises, microstructures of the foreign exchange rates, and inflation targeting. He contributes
frequently op-ed columns and articles to Financial Times, Japanese newspapers, and Toyo Keizai
Weekly.

JÉRÔME ITTY
Secretary General, Japan European Conference Aspen
Mission leader, General Inspection, Ministry of Finance, France

TOMOHIRO KANEKO
Tomohiro Kaneko is Principal Director, Multilateral Trade System Department Trade Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). He graduated from The University of Tokyo, degree
in law, and entered Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) (1991). He holds an LL.M.
from University of Pennsylvania Law School. He was a Chief Assistant to Senior Vice Minister of
Economy, Trade and Industry (2004), Deputy Director, Americas Division, Trade Policy Bureau(2004), Deputy Director, General Affairs Division, Japanese Patent Office (2007), Counsellor, thePermanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva(2008), Director, International Economic Affairs Division, Trade Policy Bureau (2011).

21

FRANÇOISE KLEIN
Françoise Klein pursued a dual career in both the public and private sector setting up development
strategies.
Presently, she oversee economic and trade policy between France and Asia South Pacific countries
in the Ministries of Economy, Finance and Foreign Trade. She is responsible for the preparation ofministerial bilateral discussions.
Prior to this experience, she worked as Public Sector Key Account Director for GE and lead
Operations for GE corporate in France.
Before GE, Françoise held a number of managing positions in the French Administration, having
graduated from the Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA). She worked on European Affairs in theForeign Affairs Ministry. She joined the Budget Department at the Finance Ministry to oversee
human resources policies in public companies and then to work on the implementation of thebudgetary reform. She also planned regional policies, investments and European structural funds,
in the Alsace Prefecture.
She started her career as a marketing manager for France Telecom, as she holds Master’s Degrees
in Telecommunications and Information Technology and in Economics and Management.
She is a member of ENA Alumni Review Editorial Committee. She taught economy and publicmanagement at ENA and Sciences Po and she had been vice-director of the European Study
Department at ENA.

KAZUMASA KUSAKA
Kazumasa Kusaka is Chairman and CEO of Japan Economic Foundation (JEF) since April 1, 2013, andalso a Professor at University of Tokyo Graduate School of Public Policy. Before assuming present
post at JEF, he was a corporate adviser to Mitsubishi Electric Corporation after having served as asenior vice president. Before joining Mitsubishi Electric, he served as the Special Adviser to Prime
Minister on Global Warming under PM Fukuda and PM Aso, in addition to roles as an executive
adviser to Dentsu Inc. and the president of Japan Cooperation Center for the Middle East. He
previously served for 36 years in Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), rising
to become vice-minister for international affairs in the reorganized Ministry of Economics, Tradeand Industry (METI) in 2004.
During his long career in public service, Kusaka was seconded to the International Energy Agency(IEA)/OECD and was Japan's senior official for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Kusaka
played a central role in Asia's economic integration, promoting FTAs in the region as well as serving
as a senior official negotiating the Doha development agenda of the WTO. He also negotiatedChina’s accession to WTO. He was head of Japan's Energy Agency and held director-general
positions in technology and environmental policy in addition to trade & investment-related areas
within METI. He was instrumental in finalizing the Kyoto Protocol, and developing Japan's energy
and environment policies.
22

OLIVIER MELLERIO
Since 1976, Olivier Mellerio has been Managing Partner of Interfinexa, an international consulting
company specialized in international joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions.
Olivier Mellerio is also CEO of the Mellerio dits Meller Group, a fine jewellery family company
created in 1613.
From 2002 to 2006, he was the Chairman of Comité Colbert, the association of the seventy mostprestigious luxury brands of France. He has been on the Board of Comité Colbert since 1976.
Since 2008, he is a board member of the Family Business network (FBN France), of the Jewellery
French Union and of the Commission “des Entreprises du patrimoine vivant”(EPV).
In 1983, Olivier Mellerio founded Institut Aspen France and was president for twenty years. When
Institut Aspen France established its head office in Lyon in 1993, former Prime Minister Raymond
Barre became the Chairman of the Advisory Board.
Since 2003, Olivier Mellerio is a member of the Conseil de Surveillance of Institut Aspen France. He
is also a life time trustee of The Aspen Institute USA, a trustee of Aspen Institute Italia and a former
member of the Board of Aspen Berlin (1983-2003)
Since 2011, Olivier Mellerio is an elected member of the Paris Chamber of Commerce, and sinceApril of the year president délégué of the CEFJ (Comité d’Echange Franco Japonais), president of
PROMOSALONS, VP of the Conseil d’établissement de HEC (grande école & business school) anddirector of CRC (executive business education).
Born on July 15, 1945 in Paris, Olivier Mellerio is graduated of HEC and holds a MBA from the
University of Columbia. Before joining Columbia, he spent two years in Madagascar and Senegal,
serving in the Cooperation service of France.
He is married to Laure Mellerio, former Director of the France-China Committee and now presidentof the Victor Segalen Foundation. Four children and five grand children.
He is Officier of the Legion d’Honneur.

PATRICK MESSERLIN
Patrick Messerlin is Professor Emeritus of economics at Sciences Po, and Chairman of the Steering
Committee of the European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE, Brussels). He
specializes in international trade policy and regulatory reforms. His current research deals with
regional trade agreements, EU-East Asia economic relations,WTO issues, services liberalization andthe associated “Better regulations” initiatives.
In 2001-2002, Messerlin was a special advisor to Mike Moore, WTO Director General. In 20032005, he also served as co-chair, with Ernesto Zedillo, former President of Mexico and Director of
the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, of the United Nations Millenium Development Goals
Task Force on Trade for Development. Since June 2008, he is serving as co-chair, with Ernest Zedillo,of the joint World Bank & UK Department for International Development Task Force on Global
Finance and Trade Architecture. He served as Chair of the Global Trade Council 2010-2011 of the23

World Economic Forum, and as Deputy-Chair of the same Council in 2011-2012. From 1998 to2012, he was director, Groupe d’Economie Mondiale at Sciences Po (GEM).
Messerlin is the author of many books, most recently Measuring the Costs of Protection in Europe:
European Commercial Policy in the 2000s (Peterson Institute for International Economics 2001) andEurope after the No Votes (Institute of Economic Affairs 2006). He has also written more than ahundred articles for professional journals.

CLAUDE MEYER
Dr Claude Meyer has pursued a dual career as an academic specialized in Asian economies and as
an international banker. He is presently Associate Professor of International Economics at Sciences
Po, Paris and Associated Expert at CERI-Sciences Po. He lectures also regularly at universities in the
US, China, Japan and Korea
He holds a Ph.D. in Economics and degrees in Philosophy, Sociology and Japanese Studies.
His main research areas include economic, political and strategic relations between Japan, China
and India as well as Japanese and Chinese finance in the context of financial integration in Asia.
He has published several books and numerous articles on these topics. His latest book, Chine ou
Japon: quel leader pour l’Asie ? (Presses de Sciences Po, 2010) has been translated in Chinese,
Japanese and English (China or Japan : which will lead Asia ?, Columbia University Press, New York /Hurst and Co, London / Oxford University Press, 2011).

ISABELLE NAHUM
Isabelle Nahum-Saltiel, 40 years old, is the Deputy General Counsel of Artémis Group since 2000.
She has been involved in the Group’s M&As, complex financing operations, art issues, andcontributed to the legal strategy of Artémis Group’s subsidiaries. She is member of the board of
directors of Palazzo Grassi, Le Point, Sophia Publications, Optimhom … She was previously advising
companies on their corporate issues as senior lawyer at August &Debouzy law firm for 2 years.
Isabelle Nahum-Saltiel is a graduate of the University Paris IX – Dauphine (Master Degree in Financeand Business Law), of the Institut d’Etudes Politiques (Sciences Po) of Paris, of the University
Pantheon Sorbonne (MBA in business law (DEA)), and of the Paris Bar School. She is Officer of theOrdre National du Mérite.

24

MICHITAKA NAKATOMIMr. Nakatomi is Special Advisor to Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), and Consulting
Fellow, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
He has been Principal Trade Negotiator of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and also
Senior Fellow of RIETI till August 2012. His former posts include President of JETRO(2008-11),
Director-General for International Trade Policy of METI (2006-08), Deputy DG, Economic Affairs
Bureau of MOFA(2004-06), Counsellor, Japanese Mission to Geneva(1992-95) and First Secretary,
Embassy of Japan in the U.S.(1985-88).He originally joined MITI in 1977 after graduating from Tokyo
University and have worked on many trade issues covering multilateral, bilateral, plurilateral andregional areas. He served as Japanese negotiator in Information Technologies Agreement (ITA)(1995-97), 5 FTAs (Mexico, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia and Switzerland)(2002-8) and AntiCounterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) (2005-8).

ETIENNE OUDOT DE DAINVILLE
Etienne OUDOT de DAINVILLE has just been nominated Deputy Assistant Secretary for Trade Policy
and Investment within the French Treasury, at the Ministry of Finance and Economy. He is managing
a team of 29 persons in charge of trade policy issues (bilateral and plurilateral trade deals, WTO
negotiations, market access, intellectual property issues in relation to trade), international andbilateral investment rules, economic sanctions.
He was previously Deputy Assistant Secretary for Financial Markets and Corporate Finance (20092012). In this position, he was actively involved in all European and international negotiations on
securities markets and accounting (G20, Financial Stability Board, IFRS Foundation) and in the way
those new rules are being translated into French law.
From May 2007 to July 2009, Etienne OUDOT de DAINVILLE was technical adviser to the French
Prime Minister for international economic affairs. In his position, he was in charge of coordinating
government works on trade issues, public development assistance policies, G8 affairs, international
climate negotiations.
He previously worked as deputy head of staff of the French Trade Minister Mrs Christine Lagarde(2006-early 2007) and head of unit for “agricultural trade negotiations, trade and development
issues” (in 2005).
Between 2002 and 2005, he served as deputy economic counsellor at the French Embassy to theUnited Sates in Washington DC.
He joined the French Ministry of Economy and Finance, Department of Foreign Trade, in 1998,
where he successively worked as an expert on French-German economic relations, EU-enlargment
issues, international trade finance negotiations (OECD, WTO, EU, G8). He graduated from the
French national school of administration (ENA) in 1998, the Vienna Diplomatic Academy and theInstitut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris.

25

CÉLINE PAJON
Céline Pajon is research fellow with the Ifri Center for Asian Studies. She specializes in Japan’s
domestic politics, foreign policy, and defense posture.
Céline Pajon holds a Master of International Relations from the Geneva Graduate Institute ofInternational Studies.
She spent more than two years in Japan for study and research (Waseda University and Osaka
University) and is regularly making research trips there.
Among her recent publications are: « Japan and the South China Sea : Forging Strategic Partnerships
in a Divided Region », Asie.Visions 60, janvier 2013 ; “Crossing the line – A new status quo in the
East China Sea? », Ifri-CIGS Op-Ed Series, 22 octobre 2012 ; « Japon-Inde : Vers une coopération
nucléaire ?», Asie.Visions 44, septembre 2011.

MINEAKI SAITO
Born in Shizuoka, Japan, in 1952, he came to Paris in 1971 and studied at the University of Paris I,
Panthéon-Sorbonne (Faculty of Arts). After graduating in June 1975, he joined Mitsukoshi France
S.A., subsidiary of Mitsukoshi Ltd., the largest department store of Japan. Mr. Saito was promoted
as General Manager of the Mitsukoshi Representative Office in Paris. During these 12 years, hepromoted and exported French consumer goods to Japan. He also developed business with luxury
brands and participated in the opening of Mitsukoshi stores in Italy and Spain.
In 1992, he joined the Hermès Group and became General Manager of Sales for the Japanesesubsidiary. He was the main contributor to the development of Hermès in the Japanese market
updating the distribution channel, increasing the sales four times within six years and consolidating
the brand image. He was appointed President of Hermès Japan Co., Ltd. in 1998 and managed thelargest subsidiary of the group worldwide. He was asked to join the executive committee of thehead office in Paris as Executive Vice President in charge of Marketing in 2008. Since 2011, he has
been Senior Vice President in charge of value strategy and new fields of business, assisting directly
the CEO. Mr. Saito was made Knight in the National Order of Merit in France.

SHINICHI SAITO
Amb. Shinichi Saito is Executive Director in charge of international affairs of Japan Economic
Foundation (JEF) since April, 2011.
26

Before assuming this post, he served as Japanese Ambassador to Nicaragua from April 2007 to
October 2010. During this period, he actively involved in various Japanese aid programs in
Nicaragua. Originally, he started his career in JETRO, Japan External Trade Organization, in 1967
where he experienced various sectors such as Marketing Research, Import and Investment
Promotion, Exhibition Projects, etc. He also experienced overseas assignments in JETRO for threetimes both in the United States and Malaysia. From April 2003 to April 2005, he served as Chairmanof Investment Promotion Committee of APEC.

CHRISTIAN SAUTTER
Deputy Mayor of Paris, responsible for Employment; Economic Development and International
Attractiveness (since March 2008), Chairman of Paris Development Agency (since july 2001) and
Chairman of Association « France Active » a nongovernmental organization that provides funds
aimed to foster the creation of jobs for people in great difficulty (since 2001).
Aged 73, he is a graduate from Ecole Polytechnique (1960), National School of Statistics andEconomic Administration (1965) and the Paris Institute of Political Studies (1966).
He has been Minister of Economy, Finances and Industry (November 1999 – March 2000) in Lionel
Jospin’s government ; Minister in charge of Budget (June 1997- November 1999) ; Government
representative for Paris and the Ile-de-France region (1991-1993) ; Deputy Chief of Staff at the
Presidency of the Republic when François MITTERRAND was Head of State (1982-1985 and 19881990).
He has spent one year in Japan (Maison Franco-Japonaise, 1971-72), written several books on theJapanese economy, created the Research Center on Contemporary Japan of EHESS (a post-graduate
university).He had previously been director of the CEPII (Center for prospective studies andinternational Information that worked with the National Planning Commission) and responsible forseveral units at INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Surveys) – (service of planningstudies, division in charge of studying companies).

JANET STEINMETZERMember of the Managing Board, Aspen Institute France

NICOLAS TENZER
Graduated from École normale supérieure, Institut d’études politiques of Paris and École
nationale d’administration, Master in History. Senior civil servant, former head of department
in Strategic Planning Commission (reporting to Prime Minister).
Chairman and CEO of Initiative for the Development of French Expertise Abroad in Europe and27

Worldwide (IDEFIE). Member of the executive board of Institute Aspen France.
Author of two official reports for the French Government on international issues and of one on
the reform of civil service. Senior Lecturer and Associated Professor at French and othercountries’ Universities. Editor of the journal Le Banquet.
Author of 21 books, among them When France Disappears from the World (Grasset, 2008), The
End of French Misfortune? (Stock, 2011), The World in 2030. The Rule and the Disorder (Perrin,2011) and France Needs Others (Plon, 2012).

KOJI TOYOKUNI
Koji TOYOKUNI started his career in the Ministry of International Trade & Industry (MITI) in 1983.
Except a detachment as first Secretary in the Embassy of Djakarta (1994) and prefectural economic
services of Toyama (2001) in Japan, his professional career covered a variety of areas in METI:
Industrial science and technology policy, Environment (2003), Trade control and cooperation (2009).
Koji Toyokuni was also the Director of Planning in NEXI (Nippon export credit insurance) andCouncilor in the Administrative reform promotion office in the Cabinet secretariat. He was recently
the Director General for the METI regional bureau of Tohoku (2010-2012)
Koji Toyokuni is presently Director General of JETRO (Japan External Trade Organization) Paris. His
priority is to develop business alliances between Japanese and French companies while promoting
the liberalization of trade and investment. He also supports the new “Japan Brand” in such sectors
as the food industry, fashion, design, contents (as the film or music industry), or environmental
high technologies.
Born in 1960 in Tokyo (Japan), Koji Toyokuni graduated from Tokyo University, B.A. Law (1983).

PATRICE VIAL
Senior Advisor, Hawkpoint Partners LimitedFRANÇOIS VIDAL
Deputy Editor at Les Echos, The French Economic Daily

PHILIPPE WAECHTER
Philippe Waechter is Head of the economic research department of Natixis Asset Management.
Philippe joined Bred Banque Populaire in April 1988 as an economist. In 1994 he became Directorof the economic research department. When Banque Populaire Asset Management was created inJune 1998 (which then became Natexis Asset Management in May 2003) Philippe held the same28

position.
Philippe graduated from the University of Paris I and worked as a Professor at the University of Evryfrom 2002 to 2003. He regularly works for the print and audiovisual media.

HÉLÈNE ZWANG
Hélène Zwang is graduated from Law and Anthropology. She worked with two deputies at french
parliament before joining the Chamber of commerce and industry of Paris (CCIP).
There she was first legal advisor (public procurements and administrative simplifications). Then she
became head office manager of the President of the CCIP and, after the legal status changing, ofthe regional CCI. She's today head of institutional affairs and business diplomacy department at theinternational european affairs division.

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６．議事要旨（日本語）
以下のサマリーは、フランスアスペン研究所側で作成した英文サマリーを和訳したものである。

「EU と日本の経済関係：現在と未来」
サマリー
2013 年 7 月 12 日
フランスアスペン研究所との共催としては、10 回目となる日欧フォーラムは 2013 年 7 月 12 日に日仏経済交流委員会の支援を得てパリ商工会議所に於いて開催され、40 名の参加者が集った。
本会議では、日本と欧州で検討されている信頼回復と経済成長を促す様々な戦略課題を中心に議論が交わされた。
経済危機への政治的対応は日本と欧州では総じて異なるようであった。EU では、成長率の鈍化の責任を負うのはまず加盟国それぞれの政府であり、政府は構造改革を受け入れ、財政統治を再掌握するための決意を表明しなければならない。欧州中央銀行（ECB）はリーマンブラザース社破綻後の混乱下で一貫した借換要件の緩和を主導し、欧州の政策の中でも特に中心的な役割を果たした。その結果、金融市場における混乱は沈静化し、ユーロ通貨加盟国に改革を遂行するための猶予が提供された。“やるべきことはすべて”を行う、と述べた後の欧州中央銀行（ECB）の慣例に囚われない最新の動きは、金利の見通しについてフォワードガイダンスを示すことであった。リー
マンショック後の経済に対する欧州の対応が財政再建と幾分かの金融政策に焦点を当てていたのに対し、日本政府は安部晋三首相の下、「アベノミクス」と呼ばれる、より大胆かつ型破りな一連のポリシーミックスを編み出した。
アベノミクスは最初に素早い勝ちに走った。アベノミクスの三本の矢はデフレの罠から抜け出し、「通常」の経済均衡へと飛び移ることを目的としている。三層にまたがる一連の政策のうち、一本目の矢は、急激な質的・量的緩和（QQE）をベースにインフレ目標（2%）を掲げる新しい金融政策である。二本目の矢である財政政策では短期の財政刺激策とそれに続く中期的な財政再建を掲げている。三本目の矢は日本の産業の競争力を取り戻すことを目的にデザインされた構造改革である。
この成長戦略のポイントは主に規制緩和と産業基盤の強化（海外からの投資や技術者の誘致等）、
労働市場の改革（労働移動、女性の雇用機会、保育施設の拡充、外国語等）、新しい産業の育成（医療、観光、インフラ整備等）である。アベノミクス表明後、株価は上昇し（50%）、今日現在 25%の円安に転じた為替レートによってその経済効果はさらに助長されることになろう。しかしこの経済戦
略の一番難しい分野（財政再建と構造改革）はその実現性に対して既に疑問が呈されていることから、まだ実行に移されていない。

30

アベノミクスの効率性に対する疑問と懐疑はすでに表面化している。QQE については、急激な円安が為替戦争の始まりであると見る向きもある。一方で日本政府は日銀の政策は米国、欧州、英国の各中央銀行による急激なバランスシート拡大と大差はないと主張している。さらに円安はこれまでの急激な円高の是正であるとも解釈できる。財政の矢は議論の対象にならないと言う訳ではない。これは短期的には単に 7 月の参院選を勝ち抜くため、成長率を押し上げる単なる特効薬であったと捉えることができる一方で、日本の財政の現状を考えるといずれやってくる財政破綻を加速化させるものとも言える。したがって、中期の財政再建は必須であり、消費税増税は財政赤字抑制に寄与するもので、構造改革の優先順位についてのコンセンサスは当然取れているという前提ではあるが、今後の課題はどのように構造改革を実施するかである。この点において自由貿易協定
での成功は日本政府の試金石となり、また貿易交渉の新たなステージを開始した欧州連合にとっても同様であろう。
新しい貿易交渉が世界中で急激に進展している。ドーハラウンドが「昏睡状態」にあり、多角的貿
易自由化への機会が消えつつあることから、日本と欧州は FTA 交渉を復活させ、また同時に新たな貿易交渉を開始した。欧州連合は韓国との自由貿易協定を発効させ、日本（日欧自由貿易協定）や米国（環大西洋貿易投資パートナーシップ＝TTIP）ともそれぞれ 2013 年に交渉を開始している。一方の日本はこの 6 年で 12 の国と一つの地域（東南アジア諸国連合＝ASEAN）との自由貿易協定（FTA）を締結し、5 つの国と 4 つの地域との交渉を開始した。こうした新たな FTA 交渉の波の背景にはいくつかの動機がある。世界貿易機関（WTO）を介するよりも早いペースで貿易の自由化を実施するため、また関税撤廃の完全実施や非関税障壁問題への対応を進めるため等である。
さらには国内の構造改革を進めるためのモメンタムとしても、こうした貿易交渉が進められているという背景がある。その結果、こうした次世代型 FTA のうち特に意欲的で包括的なものは「メガ FTA」と称される。
ドーハラウンドが袋小路に入り込んでしまった結果、メガ FTA の時代が到来しつつある。WTO の行き詰まりとドーハラウンドの進展の遅さと交渉範囲の狭さとがメガ FTA の増加に直結している。またこうした多角的貿易交渉の意思決定システムがコンセンサスと包括合意に基づいていることから、システムとして欠陥があると考える向きもある。その結果、世界の富の大部分を占める EU27 か国（世界の GDP の 27%）、米国（24%）、中国（10%）、日本（9%）といった「マンモス」経済が日欧自由貿
易協定（JEU）、環大西洋自由貿易投資パートナーシップ（TTIP）、TPP、東アジア地域包括的地域連携（RCEP）、日中韓 FTA といったメガ自由貿易交渉に乗り出したのである。G20 の加盟国の中でもインド、インドネシア、オーストラリア（RCEP/TTP）、メキシコ（TPP）といった他の先進国、新興国、開発途上国も包括的貿易交渉に乗り出している。しかしこうしたメガ貿易交渉は、グローバルな貿
易のガバナンスを危機に晒すリスクも孕んでいる。
貿易の自由化には大きな機会ではあるが、その一方でメガ FTA は世界貿易ルールの脅威ともなり得る。世界の主要経済国が同時に二国間での交渉を進めることから多岐に亘る協定ができ、これが貿易ルールの乱立に繋がってしまう。これが「スパゲッティ・ボウル」シナリオとも呼ばれてきた現象である。世界の貿易ルールに悪影響が及ぶのを防ぐため、交渉官は WTO の枠組みの重要性と「覇権的」な貿易戦争を防ぐことを念頭に、世界貿易システムの将来について揺らぐことのない明31

確なビジョンを持って交渉に臨むべきである。さらにグローバルな解決策を追求するための協力関係は最重要課題であり、そのための FTA 協定は可能な限り包括的であるべきである。また、課題
別のルール作りもまた目指すべきである。これは WTO を補完する課題別の多国間協定を活用するためである。中国をいかに世界貿易体制に組み込んでいくかもまた大きな課題である。
アジアならびに世界における中国の覇権拡大への対応が必要である。中国の急速な台頭は、近年、成長率の減速やコスト高といった経済情勢の変化に妨げられている。国内的な要因もまた浮上してきている。中国社会の高齢化や環境問題は、中国の成長モデルが果たして持続可能なのかという疑問を呈している。中国に世界秩序の一ステークホルダーとしての役割を果たすよう働きかけるためには、EU、日本、米国といった主要国が協力関係を結ぶことが必要である。貿易分野での協力関係では WTO 規則の遵守、投資体制や知的財産権の確保が挙げられる。こうした観点
では、世界貿易体制に中国を一ステークホルダーとして組み込むための道筋を RCEP や日中韓FTA がつけていると捉えることができる。しかしながら中国と近隣諸国との間では依然として緊張関係が存在しており、貿易交渉が実を結ぶ妨げとなっている。直近の大きな領土問題は 2012 年 9月に日本との間で起きた尖閣諸島問題である。中国が海洋強国としての発展をさらに進め、自国の海洋権益であるとするところの権益を守り続ければこうした領土問題は今後も起こり得る。
米国における非在来型石油ガス生産の急増は経済的、地政学的な影響をもたらす。北米での「シエールガス革命」と名付けられた現象は、米国が 2020 年代中葉までに世界最大の石油産出国、さらには 2030 年には石油輸出国となることを示唆している。こうした重大なシフトは世界的な意味合いを持つ。まず、米国の産業はエネルギーコストの低下によって決定的な競争力を与えられることとなる。一方欧州や日本の重工業は、このような生産費の大幅な変化という状況を生き延びるべく新たな道を模索しなければならない。米国のエネルギー・ミックスに占める、非在来型石油ガスの割合の急増の次に確実にやってくるのが、米国の中東への石油依存の低下である。そして中東地
域への地経学的関心が減少することによって米国の太平洋を基軸とした政策は強化されていくであろう。他の先進国や新興国もシエールガスの可採資源を保有しているようであるが、シエールガ
スの生産はそれぞれの国内で社会的に容認されるか否かにかかっている。例えば欧州では岩石の水圧破砕に対する環境懸念がシエールガス開発の大きな障害となっている。
欧州と日本におけるエネルギー政策は経済、環境問題を念頭に再定義しなければならない。コスト削減でエネルギーの制約をいかに克服するかが日本の大きな課題であろう。電力および燃料供給の多様化を図ることでエネルギー生産に、また電力市場と厳格な関税評価に波及効果のある市
場を完全自由化することにより、エネルギー供給に働きかけることができる。欧州においても日本においても、エネルギー効率を上げることにより企業や家計の燃料費削減を図ることができる。こうしたエネルギー問題への挑戦は新しいビジネスチャンスや市場を創出する可能性が高く、また同時に欧州と日本の協力関係がより一層深まる分野でもある。
高齢化社会も日本と欧州にとって共通の関心事、課題、そして機会である。高齢化は先進国経済における関心事であり、特に人口減少が経済成長のマイナス要因となる日本においては重大な課題である。国の薄外負債（off balance sheet）はそのほとんどが年金関連であり、加入者を増やし、

32

受給者を減らす必要がある。これは既得権益に拘らず年金受給のインセンティブや罰則の微調整を行い、特に退職年齢を上げることを検討するということであろう。55 歳以上、64 歳以下の人口の労働参加率はフランスより日本のほうが高い。しかしフランスでも日本でも社会的結束という課題が脅かされており、世代間の所得の移転が求められている。
成熟市場は経済機会を提供する。提供されるサービスへの顧客の関心度は高くなっており、そのサービスは顧客ニーズに見合ったカスタム化が求められている。顧客の期待は単なる消費に留まらず、例えば観光という分野においては通常の観光ルートを外れて実体験を深めるといったところまで深まっている。さらに環境問題や保健問題への責任感や意識の高まりから、顧客の願望が洗練される。最後に介護や製薬業といった高齢化社会向け産業はビジネスチャンスに富んだ分野である。シルバー市場を黄金市場にすることが目的となろう。
革新と教育は成熟した経済において成長を促す推進力である。技術は産業の全要素生産性向上に決定的に寄与し得る。これはサービス業や小売業においても IT 技術を適切に導入すれば然りである。日本と欧州におけるこれらの産業分野を挙げれば生命科学、革新的医療、IT、ナノ技術、
持続可能な製品、環境、エネルギー効率とそれらのモニタリング及びインフラ整備である。こうした技術革新のために政府は投資や適正なるビジネス環境整備の促進を図るべきである。重点的革
新は科学及び技術分野であるが、サービス分野もこれに含まれるだろう。さらに日本も欧州も教育や生涯学習を優先課題とし、将来への投資を継続することで人的資源の拡大に努めるべきであ
る。

33

（英語）
English Summary drafted by Institut Aspen France“EU-Japan Economic Relations: Present and Future”
Summary of the Japan-Europe Conference
held in Paris on July 12, 201340 participants attended the Japan-Europe conference co-hosted by Japan Economic
Foundation and Institut Aspen France, which was organized in Paris on July 12, 2013,at the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry, with the support of the Comitéd’échanges franco-japonais.
At the top of the agenda lay discussions on the various strategies hammered out inJapan and in Europe to restore confidence and foster economic growth.

The political response to the economic crisis appears to diverge to a large extent inJapan and in Europe. In the European Union, the responsibility for tackling sluggish
growth rests first and foremost in the hands of national governments who mustembrace structural reforms and show determination to regain control over publicfinances. In the European policy mix, the European Central Bank (ECB) played acentral role in consistently easing refinancing conditions since the aftermath of thecollapse of Lehman Brothers. This contributed to restore calm on financial markets
thereby providing Eurozone member states with extra time for undertaking reforms.
After stating to do “whatever it takes”, the latest of the unconventional moves by the
ECB has been to give forward guidance on the evolution of interest rates. While theEuropean reaction to the crisis focussed primarily on fiscal consolidation and asomewhat accommodating monetary policy, the Japanese government under Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe crafted a much bolder unconventional policy mix labelled as“Abenomics”.
Abenomics managed to secure first quick wins. The three arrows of Abenomics aim atexiting the deflation trap to jump towards a “normal” economic equilibrium. The firstarrow of this three-pronged policy mix consists in a renewed monetary policy based on
inflation targeting (2%) backed by drastic quantitative and qualitative easing (QQE).
Secondly, the Japanese fiscal policy aims at a short-run stimulus followed bymedium-run consolidation. The third arrow deals with structural reforms designed torestore the competitiveness of Japanese industry. The main components of this growthstrategy rely on deregulating and strengthening the industry base (attraction of foreign
capital and skilled workers…), reforming the labour market (mobility, women’s work,
child care centres, and foreign languages) and facilitating new industries (medical
industry, tourism, infrastructure…). The launch of Abenomics was followed by asignificant increase in stock market prices (50%) and its economic impact should befurther bolstered by a JPY depreciation which has reached 25% to date. However, themost difficult parts of this economic strategy (fiscal consolidation and structuralreforms) remain to be implemented as doubts are already emerging.

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Doubts and scepticisms over the efficiency of Abenomics have already surfaced. As far
as QQE is concerned, some might regard the swift JPY devaluation as the start ofcurrency wars. On the other hand, the Japanese government argues that the Bank ofJapan (BoJ) policy is not different than the sharp increase of central bank balance
sheets in the United States, in Europe, and in England. In addition, JPY depreciation
may also be interpreted as a correction of over evaluation. Likewise, the fiscal arrow is
not uncontroversial, as the short run stimulus could appear merely as a quick fix toboost the growth rate to win the upper house election in July, while it may hasten an
eventual fiscal burst given the situation of the Japanese public finances. Therefore,
medium-term consolidation is deeply needed and the rise in the consumption tax rate
could contribute to curbing public deficit. Eventually, while a consensus on structuralreforms priorities may be taken for granted, the real challenge is now to implement
them. In this respect, successes in free trade agreements will be a test for the Japanese
government, as well as for the European Union which launched a new generation of
trade talks.
New trade negotiations burgeoned around the world. As chances of multilateral tradeliberalisation fade out in with the “comatose” Doha round, Japan and Europe revived
FTAs and triggered new ones. The EU secured an FTA with Korea and started talks
with Japan (JEU) and the United States (Transatlantic Trade and Investment
Partnership – TTIP) in 2013. Japan concluded bilateral FTAs with twelve countries andone region (ASEAN) over the last six years and launched negotiations with fivecountries and four regions. This new wave of FTA negotiations has several motives:
moving towards trade liberalisation at a faster pace than through the WTO, completingthe dismantling of tariffs and tackling non-tariff barriers to trade, as well as providing
momentum for domestic reforms agenda. As a result, this new generation of FTAs thatare particularly ambitious and comprehensive can be described as “mega-FTAs”.
In the aftermath of Doha’s impasse, a new era of mega-FTAs is coming. The ascent ofmega-FTAs is directly linked to the stalemate in the WTO and the slowness andnarrowness of the Doha Round. Some regard the decision making system in
multilateral talks as flawed as it based upon consensus and single undertaking. As aconsequence, “mammoth” economies accounting for a large share of the global wealthsuch as the EU27 (27% of the world GDP), the USA (24%), China (10%) and Japan (9%)
embarked on mega-FTA negotiations such as JEU, TTIP, TPP, RCEP and CJK. Other
industrial, emerging and developing G20 members are also involved in comprehensive
FTA talks, such as India(RCEP), Indonesia(RCEP), Australia (RCEP/TTP) and Mexico(TPP). However, there is likelihood that these mega-trade negotiations may put the
global trade governance at risk.
Huge economic opportunities for trade liberalisation, mega-FTAs may also jeopardise
global trade rules. Whilst major world economies negotiate bilaterally with each otherat the same time, diverging agreements are likely to emerge, hence resulting in a
fragmentation of trade rules. This has been sometimes called the “spaghetti bowl”
scenario. In order to avoid harming world trade rules harmonisation, negotiators should
stick to a clear vision on the future of the global trade system based on the importanceof the WTO framework and the avoidance of “hegemonic” trade games. Moreover,collaboration towards a global solution is central through FTAs that are as inclusive as

35

possible. Issue-based rulemaking should also be targeted in order to use issue-based
plurilateral agreements to complement the WTO. The integration of China in the global
trade regime is also a major challenge.
China’s growing assertiveness in Asia and in the world needs to be coped with. China’s
rapid rise has been recently hampered by economic changes such as the deceleration of
growth and a cost overhang. Internal challenges are also surfacing: China’s ageing
population and environmental issues question the sustainability of China’s growthmodel. In order to encourage China to become a stakeholder in the global system, there
is a necessity for collaboration among major players such as the EU, Japan, and the US.
Possible collaborations in trade areas include enforcing WTO compatibility, securing an
investment regime as well as intellectual property. In this respect, RCEP and CJK FTA
are paving the way for the integration of China as a real stakeholder in the global tradesystem. However, tensions with neighbouring countries are still present, continuing toimpede flourishing trade talks. The latest major feud occurred with Japan over the
Senkaku Islands (Sept. 2012) but similar issues may arise as China further strives tobecome an oceanic power safeguarding what it considers as its maritime rights andinterests.
Soaring unconventional oil and gas production in the US is likely to have economic andgeopolitical consequences. The so-called “Shale Gas Revolution” witnessed in North
America means that the US is poised to become the largest oil producer in mid-2020s
and a net oil exporter in 2030. The major shift has global implications – most notably on
American industries which will be granted a decisive competitive edge thanks to lower
energy costs. Heavy industries in Europe and Japan will have to find new ways tosurvive to this massive global reshuffling in production costs. Another predictableconsequence of the rapid, steady rise of unconventional oil and gas in the Americanenergy mix is the subsequent decrease in the US’s dependency on Middle Eastern oil.
Hence, America’s pivot toward the Pacific Ocean will be reinforced by the US dwindlinggeo-economic interest in the Middle East. Other advanced and emerging countries
appear to possess technically recoverable shale gas resources. However, the global shalegas production depends on social acceptability in these countries. In Europe, forexample, environmental concerns regarding fracking still remain a major impedimentto shale gas exploration.
With economic and environmental concerns in mind, energy policies need to be
redefined in Europe and Japan. In Japan, the main challenge will be to overcome
energy constraints with cost reduction. This applies to energy production, throughpower and fuel supply diversification, as well as to energy distribution, through a fullmarket liberalisation that will impact the electricity market and a strict tariffassessment. In both Europe and Japan, another frontier is to promote energy efficiency
in industries and for households in order to reduce the energy bill. These energy
challenges are likely to create new business and market opportunities. They are also a
thriving field for Euro-Japanese cooperation.
Ageing societies is another field of common concern, challenge, and opportunities forJapan and Europe. Ageing is a matter of concern for advanced economies, first andforemost Japan, where the downward demographic trend results in a negative36

contribution to the breakdown of growth factors. Off-balance sheet public debt relates
mostly to pensions, hence the need to increase the number of contributors and decrease
the number of recipients, by fine-tuning the set of actuarial incentives and penalties,
whatever the vested interests - especially by raising the retirement age. Labour force
participation for the population aged between 55 and 64 is much higher in Japan thanin France. In both countries however, the issue of social cohesion is at stake, outlining
the need for income transfers between generations.
Mature markets can provide economic opportunities. Clients pay a growing attention to
the service offered, which should be personalized. Customer expectations go further
than mere consumption: it is about living an experience, for instance by travelling off
the tourist track. Moreover, customers’ greater sense of responsibility and awareness ofenvironmental and health issues refine their wishes, which now typically include
sustainable development. Lastly, ageing-related industries, like care andpharmaceuticals, are a field of business opportunities. The aim is to turn this silvermarket into gold.
Innovation and education are key growth drivers in mature economies. Technology canprovide a decisive contribution to total factor productivity, including in the services andretail industry with an appropriate use of information technology (IT). Among the rightsegments for Japan and Europe to pick, stand life sciences, innovative medicine, IT,
nanotechnologies, sustainable products, environment and energy efficiency as well as
the monitoring thereof, and infrastructure. The underlying innovation can be scientificand technological, but also service-oriented. To create the conditions for such innovation
to happen, governments should focus on stimulating investment and promoting a fertile
business environment. In addition, education and life-long learning should remain a toppriority in Europe and Japan to continue to invest in the future and expand humancapital.

37

７．発表資料

発表資料一覧
Session 1: Economic Session①

Prof. Takatoshi Ito, Dean, Graduate School of Public Policy, andProfessor, Graduate School of conomics, University of Tokyo“Abenomics: Episode II”②

Mr. Satoshi Imai, President, Nomura Bank France“The impact of Abenomics on Japanese household financial assets”

Session 2: Trade Session③④

Mr. Michitaka Nakatomi, Consulting Fellow, Research Institute of Economy,
Trade and Industry (RIETI)“The Era of Mega FTAs - Challenges and Global Governance”⑤⑥

Mr. Tomohiro Kaneko, Principal Director, Multilateral Trade System Department,
Trade Policy Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)“The Emergence of a Global Value Chain and Japan’s Trade Policy”⑦

Prof. Patrick Messerlin, Professor at Sciences Po“Negotiating mega-FTAs: a new game”⑧

Mrs. Alice Ekman, Research Fellow at the French Institute of International
Relations (Ifri), Associate Professor at Sciences Po
Mrs. Céline Pajon, Research Fellow at the French Institute of International
Relations (Ifri)“China-Japan relations under the new leaderships -A Beijing-Tokyo
comparative perspective”

Session 3: Future Prospect Session⑨

Mr. Jun Arima, Director General, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO),
London“Shale Gas Revolution & Japan’s Energy & Climate Challenges”

38

① Prof. Takatoshi Ito, Dean, Graduate School of Public Policy, and Professor,
Graduate School of Economics, University of Tokyo

39

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②

Mr. Satoshi Imai, President, Nomura Bank France

53

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③ Mr. Michitaka Nakatomi, Consulting Fellow, Research Institute of Economy,
Trade and Industry (RIETI)

56

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④ Mr. Michitaka Nakatomi, Consulting Fellow, Research Institute of Economy,
Trade and Industry (RIETI)

65

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⑤ Mr. Tomohiro Kaneko, Principal Director, Multilateral Trade System
Department, Trade Policy Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI)

The 10th Japan-Europe Conference, Trade Session
12/07/2013
Tomohiro Kaneko, METI

1. Emergence of Global Value Chain and interdependence between
Japan and China-“Global Value Chain” has emerged as technology develops,
reduction of cost in goods crossing borders.
- Business activities by Japanese multinational enterprises have
expanded throughout the world, notably in Asia.
- Interdependence between Japan, China, and ASEANs have grown.
2. Japan’s Trade Policy- Japan has been in deflation for a long time, sustainable growth andcreating jobs are the priorities for the Japanese government.
- Third arrow by Prime Minister Abe is “Growth Strategy”. One of thethemes is how to capture the growing needs in emerging markets,
including China.
- Establishing FTA network with major trading partners is one of the
key policy tools for our future growth, aiming at 70% of our trade
covered by FTAs. Japan is tackling FTA negotiations with US, EU,
ASEANs, and China/Korea simultaneously.
- At the same time, WTO’s credibility should be preserved. Concrete
outcome, including ITA product expansion, is absolutely needed at
Ministerial Conference in Bali, with China being a major participant.
3. Integrating regional trade agreements into multilateral tradesystem- Both Japan and EU deal with mega FTAs, such as TPP, TTIP.
- These could be the cornerstone for the future multilateral trade-

rules, if harmonized with each other.
The role of Governments and business community/academia
72

⑥ Mr. Tomohiro Kaneko, Principal Director, Multilateral Trade System
Department, Trade Policy Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI)

73

⑦ Prof. Patrick Messerlin, Professor at Sciences Po

74

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⑧ Mrs. Alice Ekman, Research Fellow at the French Institute of International
Relations (Ifri), Associate Professor at Sciences Po
Mrs. Céline Pajon, Research Fellow at the French Institute of International
Relations (Ifri)

80

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⑨ Mr. Jun Arima, Director General, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO),
London

87

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93

８．成果
今回のフォーラムの成果としては以下の点が挙げられる。
1.

本フォーラムは官民混淆の「トラック 1.5」を目標としているが、今回のフォーラムでは現役の官僚、政治家ＯＢ、民間を代表とする日 EU の識者 40 名が参加した典型的な「トラック 1.5 会合」となり、終日極めて質の高い議論が展開された。

2.

「経済セッション」では、日本と EU は異なる戦略でそれぞれの問題解決に向けて政策を打ち出しているが、これらについて双方からハイレベルなプレゼンテーションが行われ、現時点の成果と今後の見通しなどの見解が示された上で活発な議論が展開された。これらの議論を通して相互の政策への理解が一層深まり、特に「アベノミクス」については EU 側から多くの質問が出され、日本の政策を理解してもらうための良い機会になった。

3.

「貿易セッション」では、WTO の行き詰まりから世界各国が「メガ FTA」と称される次世代型
FTA に重点を置いていることに議論が集中した。ここではメガ FTA は大きなメリットがあるものの、この一層の進展によって貿易ルールが危機に晒される惧れもあることで双方の意見の一致をみた。また、勢いを増している中国が世界秩序の一員としての役割を果たすように働きかけるためには、日本・米国・EU が協力関係を結ぶことが重要であるとの議論が双方から展開され、世界における日本の重要性が認識された。

4.

「中長期的課題のセッション」では、アメリカを発信地とする「シェールガス革命」が、エネルギ
ー政策を左右する重要な鍵になっていること、シェールガスは生産コストが低く、将来有望なエネルギー源ではあるが、世界のエネルギー業界地図が再編されることによる貿易問題、政治問題、また環境への懸念があるとの認識が示された。また、高齢化問題は双方の共通の課題であるが、同時にチャンスでもあり、特に生命科学、革新的医療、環境などの産業分野は今後期待される分野で日本と EU 間の具体的協力が可能であるとの認識が示された。

このように 3 つのセッションにおいて、日 EU 双方の専門家・有識者間で極めて有意義な意見交換が行われた。これらの議論は今後、双方の施策にも十分参考になると思われる。
5.

日本側出席者に実施したアンケートでは、フォーラムの成果として「日 EU 両国識者の認識の共通性とギャップを確認することができ、今後のネットワーキングを含め極めて有意義であった」とのご意見を頂戴した。会議の運営については、「効率よく行われていた」とコメントがあった反面、扱うテーマの大きさに鑑みれば時間が短すぎるので一日に限定せず議論を行い、質疑応
答、議論の時間をもっと取るべきとのコメントもあったが、これらは今後の検討課題としたい。さらに本フォーラムの今後については、日本と EU 間での具体的な経済協力や関心の高い中国等について、水準の高い議論と日本の存在意義を発信できる機会であり、引き続き継続していくことが必要との意見があった。これも今後の会議運営に役立てていきたい。

フォーラム成果の広報活動は、財団ホームページに掲載し広く普及させるよう努めている。

94

９．共催団体紹介

JAPAN ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONThe Japan Economic Foundation (JEF) was established in July 1981 to deepen
understanding between Japan and other countries through activities aimed atpromoting economic and technological exchange. JEF commemorated its 30th
anniversary in 2011. With this goal in mind, JEF engages in a broad range of activities;
it provides information about Japan and arranges venues to exchange ideas among
opinion leaders from many countries in such fields as industry, government, academia
and politics in order to build bridges for international communication and to break
down the barriers that make mutual understanding difficult.
URL: www.jef.or.jp

INSTITUT ASPEN FRANCE
Aspen Institute France brings together leaders from all fields and across generations
through open-minded and non-partisan dialogue, addressing the major challenges oftoday and seizing the opportunities of tomorrow.Founded in 1983, Aspen France is amember of the international Aspen network based in nine countries and active on fourcontinents. Using the Aspen Institute model, Aspen France provides platforms forexchange as well as leadership programs.
URL: www.aspenfrance.org

95

１０．事務局＜日本側＞
一般財団法人 国際経済交流財団（Japan Economic Foundation）
住所： 〒104-0061 東京都中央区東銀座 5-15-8 時事通信ビル 11 階TEL：

03-5565-4824

FAX：

03-5565-4828

URL： www.jef.or.jp
担当： 理事

斎藤 伸一 （E-mail：shinichi-saito@jef.or.jp）

業務部 交流事業課

渡辺 昌子 （E-mail：masako-watanabe@jef.or.jp）

業務部 交流事業課

丹羽 飛鳥 （E-mail：asuka-niwa@jef.or.jp）

業務部 交流事業課

井上 真弓 （E-mail：mayumi-inoue@jef.or.jp）[業務運営委託先]
株式会社 イベントアンドコンベンションハウス
住所： 〒110-0016 東京都台東区台東 4-27-5 秀和御徒町ビル 8Ｆ
TEL：

03-3831-2601

FAX：

03-5807-3019

E-mail: secretariat@ech.co.jp
担当： 営業企画部

チーフディレクター

営業企画部

吉岡 光晶
大木 和美

＜EU 側＞
フランスアスペン研究所（Institut Aspen France）
住所： 20-22 rue des Petits-Hôtels, 75010 Paris, FranceTEL：+33-(0)1-7303-0482

URL:

www.aspenfrance.org

担当： Mr. Jerome Itty （E-mail：jerome.itty@igf.finances.gouv.fr）
Secretary General, Japan European Conference Aspen
Mission Leader, General Inspection, Ministry of Finance, France96平成 25 年 9 月
一般財団法人 国際経済交流財団
JAPAN ECONOMIC FOUNDATION（JEF）©JEF Printed in Japan 無断の複写転載はお断りします。