ISSN 1513-7368
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNALOF

CANCER PREVENTIONThe Official Publication of the Asian Pacific Organization forCancer Prevention and the UICC Asia Regional Office for Cancer Control
An Official Journal of the International Association of Cancer Registries

Volume 10,
Number 3, 2009

asian cancer control

Early Breast Cancer Detection Resource Allocation
and Process Metrics (as adapted from Yip et al, 2008,
Figure 1)
Level ofResources

Basic

LimitedEnhanced

MaximalPublicEducation
andAwareness

Development of culturally
sensitive, linguisticallyappropriate local
education programs fortarget populations toteachbreast cancer risk
factors, breast healthawareness (education andself examination), andvalue of early detection

Culturally andlinguistically appropriate
targetedoutreach/educationencouraging CBE for age
groups at higher risk
administered at
district/provincial level
using healthcare
providers in the field

Regional awarenessprogram regarding breast
health linked to general
health and women Õshealth programs

National awarenesscampaigns regarding
breast health using
media

Detection
Methods

Clinical history and CBE

Diagnostic breast US +/ diagnostic
mammography in womenwith positive CBE

Mammographic screening
every 2years of womenages 50 -69

Consider annual
mammographic
screening in women ages
40 and older

APOCP Areas
Australasia

Mammographic
screening of target group

Central Asia
China

Evaluation
Goal

Breast health awarenessregarding value of early
detection in improving
breast cancer outcome

Downsizing ofsymptomatic disease

Process
Metrics# patients with
documented H&P/#
patients evaluated 
Ratio of number ofpatients who have arecorded history andphysical examination
within the target group fora center or programproviding organizedbreast
healthcare.

% of Patients with CBEdetected abnormalities
who undergo breast
imaging for work -up

Japan
Korea
South Asia
South-East Asia
Western Asia

APJCP

-

Consider mammography
screening every 12 -18
months for women ages
40-49

Other imaging
technologies asappropriate for high -risk
groupsDownsizing and/or
downstaging ofasymptomatic diseasein
women in highest yieldtarget groups

Downsizing and/or
downstaging ofasymptomatic diseasein
women in all risk groups% of Patients age 50 -69
who had screening
mammogram within thepast 24 months

Maximal category
process metrics
determined based upon
standards of care in highincome countries

Guidelines for Cancer
Control Programs

Clinical Treatment Education
Epidemiology
Intervention
Palliation
Screening Toxicological Pathology

http://www.apocp.org
APJCP Vol 10, No 3-

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTIONAPJCP Chief Editor

APOCP Secretary-General

APOCP President

Malcolm A Moore
APJCP Editorial Office,
UICC Asia Regional Office
apocpcontrol@yahoo.com

Keun-Young Yoo
Department of Preventive Medicine,
Seoul National University, Korea
kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr

Murat Tuncer
Department of Cancer Control,
Ministry of Health, Turkey
murat.tuncer@saglik.gov.tr

Subject Editors - Epidemiology

Subject Editors - Toxicological Pathology

Daehee Kang
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
dhkang@snu.ac.kr
Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iranrmosavi@yahoo.com
Shinkan Tokudome
Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
tokudome@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp

Sukta Das
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
suk_tadas@yahoo.com
Dae Joong Kim
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
kimdj@cbu.ac.kr
Hiroyuki Tsuda
Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
htsuda@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp

Subject Editors - Education/Registration

Subject Editors - Screening and Intervention

Supannee Sriamporn
KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, Thailand
supannee@kku.ac.th
Suraporn Wiangnon (IACR Representative)
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
surapon@kku.ac.th
Balkrishna B Yeole
Bombay Cancer Registry, Indian Cancer Society, India
bcrics@vsnl.com

Partha Sarathi Basu
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
ceds@vsnl.com
Tony Hsui-Hsi Chen
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
chenlin@ntw.edu.tw
Yun-Chul Hong
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
ychong1@snu.ac.kr

Aims and Scope
The aim of the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control is to promote an increased awarenessin all areas of cancer prevention/control and to stimulate research and practical intervention approaches. Its official
journal, the APJCP, is indexed on PubMed and Science Citation Index Expanded. The scope is wide-ranging, including
descriptive, analytical and molecular epidemiology, experimental and clinical histopathology/biology of preneoplasias
and early neoplasias, assessment of risk and beneficial factors, experimental and clinical trials of primary preventive
measures/agents, screening approaches and secondary prevention, clinical epidemiology and all aspects of cancer
prevention education. All of the papers published are freely available as pdf files downloadable from www.apocp.org
or obtainable from the first authors.

International Advisory Board
Yoon-Ok Ahn, Seoul
Gülsün Ozentürk, Izmir
Junshi Chen, Beijing
Yu-Tang Gao, Shanghai
Tadao Kakizoe, Tokyo
Tomoyuki Kitagawa, Tokyo
Adriano Laudico, Manila
Noorwati, Jakarta
Maqsood Siddiqi, Kolkatta
Takashi Sugimura, Tokyo
Kazuo Tajima, Nagoya
Do Duc Van, Hanoi
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Kunio Aoki, Nagoya
Fahanar Badar, Lahore
Santoso Cornain, Jakarta
P Gangadharan, Kochin
Thiravud Khuhaprema, Bangkok
Hiroshi Kobayashi, Sapporo
MA Mohagheghi, Tehran
Max Parkin, London
Soeripto, Yogyakarta
Young-Joon Surh, Seoul
Suketami Tominaga, Nagoya
Minro Watanabe, Iwate

MAY Ariyaratna, Colombo
Yasmin Bhurgri, Karachi
Somyos Deerasamee, Bangkok
Sagimbek Igisinov, Almaty
Chaudhry Kishore, New Delhi
Arun P Kurkure, Mumbai
Nadeem Nagi, Sana’a
Bhakta Man Shrestha, Chitwan
Petcharin Srivatanakul, Bangkok
Maitree Suttajit, Chiang Mai
Tumubaatar, Ulaanbaatar
Cheng Har Yip, Kuala Lumpur

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL

Editorial BoardOF

CANCER PREVENTIONThe Official Publication of the
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control
and the UICC-Asian Regional Office for Cancer Control
and an Official Journal of theInternational Association of Cancer Registries
CONTENTS
Volume 10, Number 3, May - June 2009
EDITORIAL
Members Responses Regarding the Future of the APOCP(C) and
APJCP(C)Malcolm A Moore
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331

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONSA Common Medical Error: Lung Cancer Misdiagnosed as Sputum
Negative Tuberculosis Vikas Kumar Singh .
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335

HPV Vaccine Knowledge and Beliefs Among Cambodian American
Parents and Community Leaders Hoai Do et al
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.

339

Knowledge about Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Pap Testing
Behaviour among Turkish Women Aynur Uysal and Aylin Birsel.

345

Perioperative Complications of an Outpatient Loop Electrosurgical
Excision Procedure: A Review of 857 Consecutive Cases
Ponlawat Sutthichon and Chumnan Kietpeerakool
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351

Prognostic Significance of HPV Physical Status and Integration Sites
in Cervical Cancer Lavanya Nambaru et al
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355

Demographics, Pathologic Patterns and Long-term Survival in
Operable Colon Cancers: Local Experience in Pakistan
Asim Jamal Shaikh et al
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361

IGlutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) Polymorphisms in
Cervical Cancer in Northeastern Thailand
Wannapa Settheetham-Ishida et al
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365

Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology and Survival in an Australian
Population Colin Luke et al
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369

Hydronephrosis after Radical Hysterectomy: A Prospective Study
Prapaporn Suprasert et al
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375

Anticarcinogenic Effects of Solanum lycopersicum Fruit Extract
on Swiss Albino and C57 Bl Mice RC Agrawal et al
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379

Stopping a Silent Killer in the Underserved Asian and PacificIslander Community: A Chronic Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer
Prevention Clinic by Medical Students Steven Y Lin et al.

383

Attitudes Towards and Beliefs about Colorectal Cancer andScreening using the Faecal Occult Blood Test within the
Italian-Australian Community Giovanina Severino et al .

.

387

Clinical Characteristics of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Experiencein an Asian Developing Country GH Tan et al
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395

Woong Sik Ahn, Seoul
Takayuki Akasu, Tokyo
Hideyuki Akaza, Tsukuba
Suminori Akiba, Kagoshima
Gürbüz Aktas, Izmir
Jamal M Arif, Riyadh
Morteza Atri, Tehran
Micha Barchana, Jerusalem
Chien-Jien Chen, Taipei
Jian-Guo Chen, Qidong
Kexin Chen, Tianjin
Kee-Seng Chia, Singapore
An-Sik Chung, Taejon
Santoso Cornain, Jakarta
Ratchada Cressey, Chiang Mai
Sultan Eser, Izmir
Sunia Foliaki, Tonga
William Foo, Hong Kong
Katsuhiro Fukuda, Kurume
Shoji Fukushima, Osaka
Mark T Goodman, Honolulu
Adele Green, Brisbane
Nobuyuki Hamajima, Nagoya
Tsutomu Hashimoto, Wakayama
Nurbek Igisinov, Astana
Gulnura Igisinov, Almaty
Saginbek Igisinov, Almaty
Gen Iinuma, Tokyo
Masato Ikeda, Kitakyushu
Katsumi Imaida, Kagawa
Manami Inoue, Tokyo
Takafumi Ishida, Tokyo
Hideki Ishikawa, Kobe
Yoshinori Ito, Nagoya
Tetsuya Kamataki, Sapporo
Jeongseon Kim, Goyang
Reiko Kishi, Sapporo
Yoichi Konishi, Nara
Suminori Kono, Fukuoka
Choong Won Lee, Daegu
Won Chul Lee, Seoul
Hiroshi Maeda, Kumamoto
Akihiko Maekawa, Tokyo
Le Bach Mai, Hanoi
Alleyama Mathew, Trivandrum
Parvin Mehdipour, Tehran
Anjum Memon, Kuwait
Masumi Minowa, Tokyo
Masanao Miwa, Tsukuba
Mitsuru Mori, Sapporo
Hideki Mori, Gifu
Masaki Nagai, Saitama
Kei Nakachi, Hiroshima
Dai Nakae, Tokyo
Hitoshi Nakagama, Tokyo
Masakazu Nakamura, Osaka
Hoyoku Nishino, Kyoto
LeTran Ngoan, Hanoi
Filiz Ogce, Izmir
Hiroko Ohgaki, Lyon
Hajime Ohigashi, Kyoto
Hiroshi Ohshima, Shizuoka
Yoshiyuki Ohno, Nagoya

APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Clinical Results of the Liquid-based Cervical Cytology Tool,
Liqui-PREPTM, in Comparison with Conventional Smears for
Detection of Squamous Cell Abnormalities
M Tunc Canda et al
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399

Increased Serum Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
in Turkish Hepatocellular Carcinoma PatientsAli Osman Kaya et al
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403

Gastric Cancer in Iran 1966-2006
Seyed Mohsen Mousavi and Mohammad Hossein Somi

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407

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413

Fruits, Vegetables and the Risk of Cancer: a Multisite
Case-Control Study in Uruguay Dagfinn Aune et al.

419

Meat Consumption and Cancer Risk: a Case-control Studyin Uruguay Dagfinn Aune et al
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429

Efficacy of a Training Course Given by Midwives Concerning
Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention
Ummahan Yücel et al
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437

Lifetime Occupational Physical Activity and the Risk of
Breast Cancer: a Case-control Study Joanna Kruk.

443

Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in a Tertiary Care Setting
in a Developing Country Farhana Badar et al.

449

Delays during the Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment ofLung Cancer Subhash Chandra et al
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453

Factors Relating to Poor Survival Rates of Aged Cervical
Cancer Patients: a Population-based Study with the Relative
Survival Model in Osaka, Japan Akiko Ioka et al .
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457

Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Patients with Biliary
Malignancies: the Aga Khan University Experience
Shiyam Kumar et al .
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463

Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance: a Survey among
Thai General Surgeons Varut Lohsiriwat et al
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467

Obesity and Kidney Cancer Risk in Women - a Meta-analysis(1992-2008) Aleyamma Mathew et al
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471

Prognostic Significance of the C-erbB-2 Expression in Turkish
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Zuleyha Calikusu et al479

A Cross-border Comparison of Hepatitis B Testing Among
Chinese Residing in Canada and the United States
Shin-Ping Tu et al
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483

Incidence and Epidemiological Features of Cancers of the
Genitourinary Tract in Izmir between 1993-2002
Sultan Eser et al
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491

COMMENTARY
Eliminating the Threat of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Asianand Pacific Islander Community: A Call to Action
Stephanie D Chao et al
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497

Building Partnership in Oral Cancer Research in a Developing
Country - Processes and Barriers Rosnah Binti Zain et al503

Women’s Cancers in Developing Countries: From Research toan Integrated Health Systems Approach Anne Reeler et al509

India Can Do More for Breast and Cervical Cancer Control
Alka Aggarwal Singh
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517

Toward Prostate Cancer Early Detection in IranSeyed Mohsen Mousavi.
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Screening for Cervical Cancer - Which Common Technique is theMost Cost-effective Choice? Viroj Wiwanitkit.
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521

APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Naoyuki Okamoto, Kanagawa
Toshihiko Osawa, Nagoya
Semih Ötles, Izmir
Ozgur Ozyilkan, Ankara
Kwang-Kyun Park, Seoul
Nguyen M Quoc, Ho Chi Minh CityR Rajkumar, Ambillikai
T Rajkumar, Chennai
Hiroshi Saito, Tokyo
Toshiyuki Sakai, Kyoto
Luming Shi, Singapore
Hai Rim Shin, Seoul
Tomoyuki Shirai, Nagoya
Hutcha Sripling, Songklaa
Songphol Srisukho, Chiang Mai
Toshiro Takezaki, Kagoshima
Takuji Tanaka, Kanazawa
Masae Tatematsu, Nagoya
Witaya Thamavit, Bangkok
Danai Tiwawech, Bangkok
Eiju Tsuchiya, Saitama
Ichiro Tsuji, Sendai
Hideaki Tsukuma, Osaka
Soo Jong Um, Seoul
Gajalakshmi Vendhan, Chennai
Keiji Wakabayashi, Tokyo
Hiroshi Watanabe, Kyoto
Hiromitsu Watanabe, Hiroshima
Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Kyoto
Viroj Wiwanitkit, Bangkok
Sopit Wongkham, Khon Kaen
Zentaro Yamagata, Yamanashi
Naohito Yamaguchi, Tokyo
Kenji Yamao, Nagoya
Takesumi Yoshimura, Kitakyushu
Shun-Zhang Yu, Shanghai
Yasuhito Yuasa, Tokyo

This pdf file is supplied free ofcharge by the Asian PacificOrganization for Cancer Prevention
and Control, in cooperation with the
UICC-Asian Regional Office forCancer Control and Asian Pacific
Press, Ltd.

PAE

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Members Responses Regarding the Future of the APOCP(C)and APJCP(C)
Malcolm A Moore (apocpcontrol@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Responses have been received by a number of scientists active in India, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand,
and Turkey. The suggestions range from makin a charge for submissions through to recruitment of all universities
and research instiutes in the region as paying members of the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
to support its continued activities. All of the comments and suggestions will be proposed for discussion at theforthcoming 5th APOCP General Assembly Conference to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, in April 2010.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 181-182

Cancer Research and Control Activities in Japan Contributions to International Efforts
Malcolm A Moore and Tomotaka Sobue (apocpcontrol@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Since the establishment of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research in 1908, Japan has experienced along history of physicians and researchers playing very active roles in both national and international efforts forcancer control. The populace is well endowed withresearch and clinical facilities. Under the Cancer Control Act,
implemented in 2007, the existing cancer registries are now being complemented by a network of specialist
hospitals also involved in efforts to improve training and cancer registration as well as standardization of cancer
treatment. Japan also continues to contribute to international efforts though various government and NGO
activities
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 183-200

Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography for Managementof Adnexal Masses in Iranian Patients with Suspected Ovarian
Cancer: Results of a Prospective Study Nadereh Behtash,
Maryam Rahmani, Fahimeh Ghotbizadeh, Mojgan Karimi Zarchi,(m49rahmani@yahoo.com)
Azamsadat Mousavi
Mini-Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine and compare the accuracy of sonographic and computerized
tomography (CT) scan assessments in distinguishing between benign and malignant adnexal masses in an understudied population of Iranian patients. Transabdominal sonography proved to be a sensitive method forpreoperative detection and staging of suspected ovarian cancer. Biomarkers and CT scan imaging add no
additional findings for pre-operative characterization of ovarian masses.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 201-204

Cancer Treatment by Radiotherapy in Western Nepal: A
Hospital-based Study
Chhavi R Bhatt, K Sharan1, J Ninan,
Mini-Abstract

B Sathian, B Ween, DR Olsen (chhavilalu@gmail.com )The aim of this study was to describe utilization of radiotherapy and treatment compliance in the context of
Nepal. A retrospective study was carried out on data collected from the radiotherapy treatment records ofpatients treated at Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Pokhara, between 28 September 2000 and 30 May 2008.
Head and neck in both sexes and cervix in females were the most common cancers treated with a curative intent.
Lung cancer, the second most common in both genders, was treated with palliative intent in a large number ofcases. This indicates the need for early diagnosis.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 205-208
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Factors Affecting Oral Cancer Awareness in a High-risk
Population in India J Kalavathy Elango, Karimassery R Sundaram,
Paleth Gangadharan, Pramod Subhash, Sherry Peter, Civy Pulayath,
Moni Abraham Kuriakose (gangadharanp@aims.amrita.edu )Mini-Abstract

To evaluate the awareness of oral cancer, its risk factors and to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in ahigh-risk semi-urban population in India, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out by house-to-houseinterview on a single day by 120 health volunteers. Awareness was proportional to the education level andinversely proportional to the prevalence of risk factor habits. Overall, the awareness of oral cancer in this highrisk population was satisfactory, though certain gaps exist, pointing to a need for targeted health education andrisk factor cessation counseling.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 209-212

Health Beliefs and Breast Self-Examination in a Sample of
Turkish Women Academicians in a University
Esin Ceber*, Ummahan Yücel, Gülengül Mermer, Gülsün Özentürk(esin.ceber@ege.edu.tr)

Mini-Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate health beliefs and BSE behavior of 224 female academicians in
Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2005. BSE performance among participants was more likely in womenacademicians who exhibited higher confidence and those who perceived fewer barriers related to BSE
performance, complying with the conceptual structure of the HBM. Therefore, it is recommended that in order
to increase the rates of regular breast cancer screening, mass health protective programs based on the HBM
should be executed for women.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 213-218

Influence of Dietary Habits, Physical Activity and Affluence
Factors on Breast Cancer in East India - A Case-control Study
Mini-Abstract

Karabi Datta, Jaydip Biswas( karabi_bhanja@yahoo.co.in)

The upward trend in breast cancer globally and in India has become a matter of great concern. The higher
incidences generally seen in developed countries has lead to the postulation that the disease is due to life style sothat growing industrialization and urbanization may be a major factor. Keeping this in mind, the present casecontrol study was undertaken in Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata from 2002 to 2003, focusing
on 267 female breast cancer patients and an equal number of age matched controls. The analysis of study
reports demonstrated a positive correlation with a higher standard of living, higher educational status, andhigher intake of animal protein, fat and deep fried foods. This study is the first report from Eastern India toattempt to correlate different life style and dietary factors with breast cancer development.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 219-222

Global Cancer Incidences are Substantially Under-estimatedDue to Under-ascertainment in Elderly Cancer Cases
Mahdi Fallah, Elham Kharazmi (Mahd.Fallah@gmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
The cancer incidence in developing countries is 7-19% under-estimated due to under-ascertainment of elderly
cases in cancer registry data. This study was conducted to report corrected global cancer incidence. The global
cancer incidence estimate is substantially under-estimated due to under-ascertainment in elderly cases. This
correction is performed mathematically; the results, however, emphasize the need for practical strategies toprevent under-ascertainment in the elderly.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 223-226
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Institution-based Cancer Incidence in a Local Population in
Pakistan: Nine Year Data Analysis Muhammad Hanif*,
Parveen Zaidi, Shahid Kamal, Abid Hameed(Hanifmuhammad@hotmail.com )Mini-Abstract
At present no national level of cancer registry program exists in Pakistan and the data available from different
sources, necessary for incidence, prevalence, morbidity/mortality, and etiological assessment of cancer and cancer
control programs, are from hospital or institutional databases. a retrospective analysis of Karachi Institute ofRadiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN) a comprehensive healthcare facility for diagnosis, treatment
and research. In males the five most frequent malignancies were head and neck, lung, gastrointestinal tract(GIT), lymphoma, and bone and soft tissue. In females breast cancer was the most common cancer accounting
for 38.2% followed by head & neck , cervical, ovarian and GIT cancer respectively.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 227-230

Applicability of Allele/genotype Frequency from Documented
Controls for Case-Control Studies on Genotypes among
Japanese: MTHFR C677T as an Example Kenta Iida, Koutaro
Tomita, Rieko Okada, Sayo Kawai, Emi Morita, Asahi Hishida, Mariko Naito,
Kenji Wakai, Nobuyuki Hamajima (nhamajim@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp)
Mini-Abstract
In a case-control study, controls have to be selected from the population where cases are identified. However,there is an idea to make common controls applicable for different case-control studies, which could reduce study
costs. This study compared methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T among subjects from different studies,
to examine the applicability of combined subjects as controls. The allele frequency of MTHFR 677T was incommon among 24 out of 31 Japanese studies, suggesting that the calculated allele frequency could be used forJapanese case-control studies, with cases are sampled in a general population.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 231-236

Frequency of bcl-2 Gene Rearrangement in B-Cell Non
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Adeel Arif, Shahid Jamal, Sajid Mushtaq,
Mini-Abstract

Suhaib Ahmed, Azhar Mubarik (sjarjawj@yahoo.com )The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of bcl-2 gene rearrangement in B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma (NHL) and identify different breakpoints of bcl-2 gene. The bcl-2 gene rearrangement was identified
in 23.3% of B-cell lymphoma, 50% of follicular lymphoma, 15% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and no bcl-2
rearrangement was identified in any of the T-cell rich B-cell lymphomas. The commonest breakpoint in present
series is icr followed by mbr. This indicates that primers for bcl-2 gene must include icr primer, whenever bcl-2
gene is being evaluated for B-cell NHL in this part of the world
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 237-240

A Nested Case-Control Study of Female Breast Cancer in
Karunagappally Cohort in Kerala, India
P Jayalekshmi, Sunoj C Varughese, Kalavathi, M Krishnan Nair, Jayaprakash
V, P Gangadharan, Raghu Ram K Nair, Suminori Akiba (nbrrkply@gmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
Lifestyle factors related to breast cancer risk were examined in a case-control study nested in a cohort in
Karunagappally, Kerala, South India. In addition to a low number of pregnancies, more frequent intake ofroots and tubers except tapioca (cassava), milk drinking and consumption of chicken meat were found toincrease breast cancer risk. Consumption of tapioca (cassava) decreased risk of developing breast cancer among
pre-menopausal women. There is an increasing need of breast cancer prevention programs responsive to thecultural practices of the people
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 241-246
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Level of Awareness Regarding Breast Cancer and its Screening
Anita Khokhar (anitakh1@yahoo.com)
amongst Indian Teachers
Mini-Abstract
A total of 441 women teachers from 8 of the schools located in Delhi, India participated in this cross-sectional
study, conducted from July 2007 to February 2008. The mean age was 37.2 years. Some 92.7% of the teachers
were aware of at least one sign or symptom of the disease and 63.0% knew at least one high risk factor. However,
only 36.1% had heard of the term breast self examination. Only 13.4% knew the correct frequency of once amonth, only 7.3% the correct position and only 1.36% participants the correct time. This dismal awareness levelreflects the fact that none had ever practiced breast self-examination. Similarly, very few attended regularclinical breast examination (CBE) or had undergone a mammogram. Only 11.8% were aware of the normal
look of the breast and 5.4% of the normal feel. There is clearly a need to increase the level of awareness regarding
breast cancer and its screening amongst teachers in India.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 247-250

Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma in Khon Kaen, Thailand:
A Nested Case-Control Study Kirati Poomphakwaen, Supannee
Sriamporn, Supot Kamsa-ard, Patravoot Vatanasapt, Wisit Chaveepojnkamjorn,
Jeeranun Klaewkla, Dusit Sujirarat, Natchaporn Pichainarong (supannee@kku.ac.th)
Mini-Abstract
The present nested case-control study within the Khon Kaen cohort study was conducted to assess risk
factors for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development. Results revealed a sex ratio of 2:1 for males:females. The
current study found a statistically significant relationship when adjusted for other potential covariate factors
between cholangiocarcinoma and the consumption of total fruits 3-4.6 times per day and history of Opisthorchis
viverrini eggs in stools at recruitment plus consumption of meat. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 251-258

Multi-institution Hospital-based Cancer Incidence Data for
Kishore K Pradhananga, Mina Bara,
Nepal - An Initial Report
Mini-Abstract

Bhakta Man Shestra(kishkp@rediffmail.com)

While comprehensive cancer registration data are available for some locations in India and Pakistan, only
one publication with cancer incidence data is available in the literature for Nepal. The present study was conducted
to assess burden across a greater proportion of country with data from 7 major hospitals where cancer is diagnosed
and treated. Overall the most common site in males was the lung, followed by the oral cavity and stomach, while
the first three in females were cervix uteri, breast and lung. Shifts in the the main cancers were noted withdifferent ages.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 259-262

Suppressive Properties of Extracts from Japanese Edible Plants
regarding Nitric Oxide Generation Joon-Kyoung Lee,
Akira Murakami, Shaw Watanabe, Hajime Ohigashi (ohigashi@fpu.ac.jp)
Mini-Abstract
Acetone extracts from a total of 30 species (197 samples) of plants commonly eaten in Japan were tested fortheir in vitro inhibitory properties against nitric oxide (NO) generation in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW
264.7, that had been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in combination with interferon-g. Evaluation of theeffects of treatment with 100 mg/mL revealed that 6 extracts (3.1%) exerted a strong inhibitory effect (inhibition
rate (IR) ≥70%) with strong cell viability (CV≥70%). Activity varied significantly among samples from thesame species for several plants. This variation may have been due to differences between cultivars and/or growing
districts, or to differences in post-harvesting treatment.Taken together, the results of the present study may
provide an experimental basis for new strategies for the production of highly functional dietary plants and fooditems.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 263-272
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Lack of Association between Serum Transforming Growth
Factor-beta 1 and Cancer Mortality Risk in a Nested Casecontrol Study in Japan Yingsong Lin, Kei Nakachi, Yoshinori Ito,
Shogo Kikuchi, Akiko Tamakoshi, Kiyoko Yagyu, Yoshiyuki Watanabe,
Yutaka Inaba, Kazuo Tajima; for the JACC Study Group (linys@aichi-med-u.ac.jp)
Mini-Abstract
We examined the potential role of serum TGF-beta 1 levels to predict cancer mortality risk in a nested casecontrol study within a large prospective cohort of middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects. Mean serum
TGF-beta 1 levels were approximately 36 ng/ml in both cases and controls, with no significant difference. Overall,levels were not associated with total cancer mortality after adjustment for potential confounding factors likeage, body mass index or cigarette smoking. Serum TGF-beta 1 levels may thus not be associated with cancer
mortality risk in apparently health individuals.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev,10, 273-278

Obesity and Kidney Cancer Risk in Men - a Meta-analysis(1992-2008) Grata Ildaphonse, Preethi Sara George, Aleyamma Mathew
Mini-Abstract(aleyammam@yahoo.com)

We conducted a quantitative summary analysis to evaluate the recent evidence of kidney cancer risk according
to body mass index (BMI) among men. The studies included in this quantitative review were all cohort and casecontrol studies, which provided information on kidney cancer risk associated with obesity/overweight, publishedbetween 1992 and 2008. The strength of association was almost similar in most of the cohort studies [relativerisk (RR) ranged from 1.04-1.06 per unit increase in BMI]. The present analysis indicated that obesity may be
responsible at least in part for the rising RCC incidence rates.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 279-286

Urinary Bladder Cancer Risk Among Motor Vehicle Drivers:
A Meta-analysis of the Evidence, 1977-2008
L Manju, Preethi Sara George, Aleyamma Mathew (aleyammam@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
The aim of the study was to summarize bladder cancer risk in motor vehicle drivers and railroad workers
using meta-analysis techniques. The overall pooled risk among motor vehicle and railroad workers based on allcohort studies was 1.08.For truck drivers it was 1.18.Stratified analysis by year of publication was not statisticallysignificant among railroad workers. The pooled analysis suggested an increased bladder cancer risk among
motor vehicle drivers and railroad workers. However, the risk among these workers is reduced in recent
publications compared to the earlier publications.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 287-294

Interleukin-4-Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphism and the
Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a South Indian Population
Shruthi Mohan, Mohanasenthil, Solomon FD Paul, Sunil Shroff , Vettriselvi
Venkatesan (v.selvi@rediffmail.com)

Mini-Abstract

The renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare condition, accounting for only 3% of all adult malignancies althoughconstituting 90% of kidney cancers. The tumor is immunogenic and the host immune system may modulate theclinical course of the disease. The present study is aimed at analyzing the presence and significance of theinterleukin-4-receptor alpha Ile50Val and Gln576Arg polymorphisms in a group of RCC patients from South
India. A significant association was found between the IL4 R alpha Val/Val genotype and increased risk of RCC,
especially in individuals below 54 years of age and in females. Thus, the present study indicates that IL4Ralphacould be a candidate gene for assessing the risk of RCC.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 295-298
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Cholangiocarcinoma in Experimental Hamsters with Longstanding Opisthorchis viverrini Infection
Nopparat Songserm, Jiraporn Prasongwattana, Paiboon Sithithaworn,
Banchob Sripa, Vichit Pipitkool (songsermn@hotmail.com)

Mini-Abstract

Liver fluke infection of Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) is closely associated with several hepatobiliary
diseases including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), but no reports have described these diseases in chronic and longstanding experimental opisthorchiasis in hamsters more than 10 months of age. Although the histopathology of
CCA in the OV group showed some differences in appearance from the OV+DMN and DMN groups, here wefoudn that overall, O. viverrini itself can really induce CCA. In addition, this study confirms the previous
studies both in vitro and in vivo on of effects of parasites and their metabolic products inducing cell proliferation,
resulting in cholangiocarcinogenesis.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 299-302

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Abnormal Cervical
Smears in Malaysian Patients Noor Akmal Sharifah, A Seeni,
MI Nurismah, CH Clarence-Ko, AZ Hatta, Ng-Paul Ho, T Rafaee,
N Adeeb, R Jamal (sharifah@ppukm.ukm.my)

Mini-Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in abnormal cervical smears in
Malaysian patients using archival cervical smears retrieved from the Cytopathology Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) between the years 1992-1995. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes weredetected in 95% of the abnormal smears. Eight high-risk oncogenic types were identified: 16, 18, 31, 51, 52, 56,
58 and 66. All (100%) cervical cancer smears showed presence of HR-HPV compared to 92% of the cervicalintraepithelial lesions. We conclude that HPV 16 is the most prevalent HPV genotype present in abnormal
cervical smears in Malaysian patients, and that the use of archival material to assess the presence of HPV ispotentially worthwhile.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 303-306

Cancer Deaths in a Cohort of Japanese Barbers in Aichi
Prefecture
Shuji Sugiura, Kiyoko Yagyu, Yuki Obata, Yingsong Lin,
Akiko Tamakoshi, Hidemi Ito, Keitarou Matsuo, Kazuo Tajima, Kunio Aoki,
Shogo Kikuchi (kikuchis@aichi-med-u.ac.jp)
Mini-Abstract

Barbers have frequent occasion to come in contact with hair and beauty products that contain many chemical
substances, which could have harmful effects on health. Subjects were barbers belonging to the Barbers’ Unionof Aichi Prefecture who responded to a questionnaire in 1976. Deaths from all sites of cancers in the subjects
were observed over 27 years but tere was no excess mortality of any cancer sites was observed compared withthe general population in both Japan and Aichi Prefecture.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 307-310

Hysterectomy in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: Chiang
Mai University Hospital’s Experience
Suparuek Pongsaranantakul, Chumnan Kietpeerakool (kiet_ji@hotmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
Indications and outcomes of hysterectomy in women with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) werereviewed at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Postoperatively, only one woman withdiagnosis of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) did not receive other adjuvant treatment. One woman
failed to survive. In conclusion, hysterectomy continues to be an important treatment strategy for selected womenwith GTN. The common indications include drug-insensitive disease, PSTT, and hemorrhagic complications.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 311-314
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Normal CA 19-9 Levels in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Kerem Sezer, Erman Cakal, Mesut Ozkaya, Emel Yaman, Esen Akbay(keremsezer@mersin.edu.tr)

Mini-Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a glycosphingolipid of the Lewis blood group that for years has been
proposed as a useful marker for epithelial type gastrointestinal cancers. It is well known that moderately increased
concentrations of CA 19-9 can be found in 15-36 % of patients with benign conditions such as pancreatic, liver,biliary diseases and benign hydronephrosis. In current study, however, we did not detect such a relation for
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis as compared to graves disease and normal controls. Moreover, there was no pointers tochange in CA 19-9 levels in patients with hypo-, hyper- or eu-thyroidism.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 315-318

Short Text Messages (SMS) as a Reminder System for Making
Working Women from Delhi Breast Aware Anita Khokhar(anitakh1@yahoo.com)

Mini-Abstract

A community based study was conducted with women employees in a private sector office of Delhi. A total of
106 women who volunteered to participate in the study were trained in the technique of breast self-examination(BSE) with the help of a lecture, video, demonstration of the technique on breast model by the investigatorfollowed by feedback demonstration by the technique participants. Susequently, short text meassges (SMS)
were sent according to the last menstrual period (LMP) information collected. After the first two months ofsending reminder the practice of BSE increased significantly (p<0.05). From amongst those who did not do theself exam the main barriers to BSE identified were that they forgot to do it and will do it now (54%), busy(47%), anxiety (12%), pain in the breasts (4%), and some question regarding the exam(4%).
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 319-322

Prostatic Carcinoma: A Pakistani Perspective
Zubair Ahmad*, Asim Qureshi, Romana Idrees, Kanwal Aftab
Mini-Abstract(Zubair.ahmad@aku.edu)

As in many countries of the world, prostatic adenocarcinoma is extremely common in Pakistan. In a study
carried out in our section, it was the third commonest malignancy in males, comprising almost 7% of all malignant
neoplasms. Furthermore, another investigation revealed it to be the commonest malignant neoplasm in males inthe seventh and eight decades, comprising 15% and 25% of respectively of all malignant neoplasms in these agegroups. Recent data extracted from radical prostatectomy specimens in our department have revealed that the
majority of carcinomas are advanced (like most other cancers in our country) when they are first diagnosed ortreated. The majority of cases showed not only advanced stage (pT3a or pT3b) but also exhibited extra-prostatic
extension and positive surgical margins. For a cancer which is so common in our population, the diagnostic andtherapeutic modalities available are extremely limited.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 323-324

Mathematical Models for Human Cancer Incidence Rates Application to Results from Europe, including North Cyprus
Mini-Abstract

Evren Hınçal (ehincal@neu.edu.tr)

The overall cancer incidence rate declines at very old age. Possible causes of this decline include the effects ofcross-sectional data that transform cohort dynamics into age patterns, population heterogeneity that selects
individuals susceptible to cancer, a decline in some carcinogenic exposure in older individuals, underdiagnosis,
and the effects of individual aging that slow down major physiological processes in an organism. Here several
mathematical models contributing to the explanation of this phenomenon are discussed with extension of theStrehler and Mildvan model of aging and mortality to the analysis of data on cancer incidence at old age (datasource: International Agency for Research on Cancer). The model can help explain the observed time trends
and age patterns of cancer incidence rates.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 325-335
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

CONFERENCES and WORKSHOPS
12th World Public Health Congress
Istanbul, Turkey, April-May 2009

UICC-ARO/APOCP South-East Asian Regional Workshop
Research Collaboration in South-East Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, August 2009

UICC-ARO/APOCP Arab World Regional Workshop
Research Collaboration in the Arab World, Cairo, Egypt, August 2009

UICC-ARO/APOCP Central Asian Regional Workshop
Research Collaboration in Central Asia
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, September 2009

UICC-ARO/APOCP Pacific/Australasia Regional Workshop
Research Collaboration in the Pacific, Auckland, New Zealand, October 2009

3rd International Cancer Control Congress‘International Collaborations’Como, Italy, November 2009 www.cancercontrol2009.com

2nd Middle East and North Africa Cancer Research Conference
Amman, Jordan, November 2009

20th Asian Pacific Cancer Congress‘Cancer Control - Generating Unique Asian Pacific Contributions’Tsukuba, Japan, November 2009 www2.convention.jp/20th-apcc/

APOCP/UICC-ARO South Asian Regional Workshop
Research Collaboration in South Asia, Bangalore, India, December 2009

Fifth APOCP General Assembly
Conference‘Bridging Continents for Cancer
Control’ Istanbul, Turkey, April 2010www.apocp2010.net

UICC World Cancer Congress
China, August 2010

APOCP Regional Meetings
Pakistan, Spring 2010
Korea, Autumn 2010
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION
INFORMATION FOR AUTHORSAPJCP Editorial Office. The editorial offices are located in Thailand and Japan but submission is all electronic.
Types of Manuscript.
Editorials
Commentaries

Reviews/Mini-reviews
Policy and Practice Reports

Research Communications
Letters to the Editor

Peer Review.
Manuscripts submitted to the APJCP are reviewed by two or more authorities for significance and validity andcomments are all supplied to the author. Advice as to acceptability will normally be supplied within one or twomonths.
Submission of Manuscripts.
Manuscripts can be submitted to Malcolm Moore at apocpcontrol@yahoo.com or any of the Subject Editors
listed inside the front cover. There are no submission or page charges. Please send a Microsoft Word file for text and a
Powerpoint file for figures. No hard copy is necessary except when a figure may be needed for scanning.
Conflict of Interest.
Information as to commercial or other links which might pose a conflict of interest should be provided. Funding
sources can be acknowledged in the Acknowledgements.
Permission for Inclusion of Published Material.
The authors have full responsibility for obtaining permission for inclusion of previously published material inwork submitted to the APJCP.
Organization of Manuscripts.
Title page: Concise title, authors names and affiliations, address for correspondence, Fax number, Email address
Abstract page: Concise abstract and key words
Text pages: Arranged as appropriate for the type of manuscript
References: In text cited as Yellow (2000), (Brown and Pink, 2000), (Black et al., 2000): NOT NUMBERED!
Earliest first, then chronologically and alphabetically
List: alphabetically then by year, all authors if up to five, three and et al for more.
Format:Brown A, Pink B, Black C, et al (2000). Cancer prevention in the Asian-Pacific. Asian Pac
J Cancer Prev, 8, 10-2.
Brown A, Pink B, Black C, et al (2000). Cancer prevention. In ‘Neoplasia’ , Eds Blue D
and Red E. Asian Pacific Education Press, Bangkok pp1-10
Illustrations: Should be of size and quality for direct downloading.
Proofs and Copyright.
Proofs will be sent as pdf files. Reprints can not be provided but the authors will be able to print out whatevercopies they need from the final pdf file. They retain copyright other than that necessary for publication in the APJCP.

INFORMATION FOR ANY INTERESTED IN BECOMING APOCPC MEMBERS
The quarterly electronic Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP) is published by the Asian PacificOrganization for Cancer Prevention and Control with support from the UICC-Asian Regional Office for Cancer Control
to promote increased awareness and knowledge in all areas of cancer prevention/control and to stimulate collaborative
efforts and practical intervention approaches in the different countries and states of the Asian Pacific region. The
journal is indexed on PubMed and Science Citation Index Expanded and free pdf files can be downloaded from our
website www.apocp.org. There are no subscription charges and individual membership is free. If you wish to be belisted as a member and receive a quarterly pdf APJCP Contents and Mini-Abstracts please send an email with yourdetails to Malcolm Moore.
The APOCPC is a non-profit concern. Any donations ( listed in the yearly report) are used to support meetings
and training courses to help achieve the aims of cancer prevention/control in the Asian Pacific region.
APJCP Vol 10, No 3

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

CONTENTS APJCP Volume 10, Number 3, May-June 2009

EDITORIAL
Members Responses Regarding the Future of the APOCP(C) and APJCP(C) Malcolm A Moore

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A Common Medical Error: Lung Cancer Misdiagnosed as Sputum Negative Tuberculosis Vikas Kumar Singh .

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RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONSHPV Vaccine Knowledge and Beliefs Among Cambodian American Parents and Community Leaders Hoai Do et al 339
Knowledge about Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Pap Testing Behaviour among Turkish Women
Aynur Uysal and Aylin Birsel
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Perioperative Complications of an Outpatient Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure: A Review of 857 Consecutive
Cases Ponlawat Sutthichon and Chumnan Kietpeerakool
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Prognostic Significance of HPV Physical Status and Integration Sites in Cervical Cancer Lavanya Nambaru et al355

Demographics, Pathologic Patterns and Long-term Survival in Operable Colon Cancers: Local Experience inPakistan Asim Jamal Shaikh et al
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Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) Polymorphisms in Cervical Cancer in Northeastern Thailand
Wannapa Settheetham-Ishida et al
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Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology and Survival in an Australian Population Colin Luke et al

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Hydronephrosis after Radical Hysterectomy: A Prospective Study Prapaporn Suprasert et al

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375

Anticarcinogenic Effects of Solanum lycopersicum Fruit Extract on Swiss Albino and C57 Bl Mice RC Agrawal et al

379

Stopping a Silent Killer in the Underserved Asian and Pacific Islander Community: A Chronic Hepatitis B andLiver Cancer Prevention Clinic by Medical Students Steven Y Lin et al
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Attitudes Towards and Beliefs about Colorectal Cancer and Screening using the Faecal Occult Blood Test within
the Italian-Australian Community Giovanina Severino et al
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387

Clinical Characteristics of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Experience in an Asian Developing Country GH Tan et al395

Clinical Results of the Liquid-based Cervical Cytology Tool, Liqui-PREPTM, in Comparison with Conventional\Smears for Detection of Squamous Cell Abnormalities M Tunc Canda et al
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Increased Serum Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Turkish Hepatocellular Carcinoma PatientsAli Osman Kaya et al
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Gastric Cancer in Iran 1966-2006 Seyed Mohsen Mousavi and Mohammad Hossein Somi

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Efficacy of a Training Course Given by Midwives Concerning Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention
Ummahan Yücel et al
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Lifetime Occupational Physical Activity and the Risk of Breast Cancer: a Case-control Study Joanna Kruk.

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Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in a Tertiary Care Setting in a Developing Country

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Toward Prostate Cancer Early Detection in Iran Seyed Mohsen Mousavi.

Fruits, Vegetables and the Risk of Cancer: a Multisite Case-Control Study in Uruguay
Meat Consumption and Cancer Risk: a Case-control Study in Uruguay.

Dagfinn Aune et al

Dagfinn Aune et al.

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Farhana Badar et al

Delays during the Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment of Lung Cancer Subhash Chandra et al.

Factors Relating to Poor Survival Rates of Aged Cervical Cancer Patients: a Population-based Study with the Relative
Survival Model in Osaka, Japan Akiko Ioka et al .
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457
Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Patients with Biliary Malignancies: the Aga Khan University Experience
Shiyam Kumar et al .
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463

Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance: a Survey among Thai General Surgeons Varut Lohsiriwat et al .

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Obesity and Kidney Cancer Risk in Women - a Meta-analysis (1992-2008) Aleyamma Mathew et al

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Prognostic Significance of the C-erbB-2 Expression in Turkish Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Zuleyha Calikusu et al
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A Cross-border Comparison of Hepatitis B Testing Among Chinese Residing in Canada and the United States
Shin-Ping Tu et al
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Incidence and Epidemiological Features of Cancers of the Genitourinary Tract in Izmir between 1993-2002
Sultan Eser et al
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Eliminating the Threat of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Asian and Pacific Islander Community: A Call to Action
Stephanie D Chao et al
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Building Partnership in Oral Cancer Research in a Developing Country - Processes and Barriers
Rosnah Binti Zain et al
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COMMENTARY.

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Women’s Cancers in Developing Countries: From Research to an Integrated Health Systems Approach
Anne Reeler et al
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India Can Do More for Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Alka Aggarwal Singh.

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Screening for Cervical Cancer - Which Common Technique is the Most Cost-effective Choice? Viroj Wiwanitkit

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APJCP Vol 10, No 3.

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