ISSN 1513-7368
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNALOF

CANCER PREVENTIONThe Official Publication of the Asian Pacific Organization forCancer Prevention and the UICC Asia Regional Office for Cancer Control
An Official Journal of the International Association of Cancer Registries

Volume 10,
Number 4, 2009

Asbestos and Mesothelioma Deaths (as adapted fromLee et al, 2009, Figure 1)

asian cancer control
APOCP Areas
Australasia
Central Asia
China
Japan

Environmental Carcinogenesis
Alzheimer’s disease
and Parkinson’s
diseaseCardiovasculardiseaseCancer

Korea
South Asia
South-East Asia

Diabetes
mellitus

Pathologies that are associatedwith ROS/RNSHypertension

Western Asia
Rheumatoid
arthritis

APJCP

AgeingIschemia/reperfusion injury

Reactive Oxygen Species and cancer (as adapted from
Oyagbemi et al, 2009, Figure 2)

Clinical Treatment Education
Epidemiology
Intervention
Palliation
Screening Toxicological Pathology

http://www.apocp.org
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTIONAPJCP Chief Editor

APOCP Secretary-General

APOCP President

Malcolm A Moore
APJCP Editorial Office,
UICC Asia Regional Office
apocpcontrol@yahoo.com

Keun-Young Yoo
Department of Preventive Medicine,
Seoul National University, Korea
kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr

Murat Tuncer
Department of Cancer Control,
Ministry of Health, Turkey
murat.tuncer@saglik.gov.tr

Subject Editors - Epidemiology

Subject Editors - Toxicological Pathology

Daehee Kang
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
dhkang@snu.ac.kr
Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iranrmosavi@yahoo.com
Shinkan Tokudome
Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
tokudome@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp

Sukta Das
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
suk_tadas@yahoo.com
Dae Joong Kim
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
kimdj@cbu.ac.kr
Hiroyuki Tsuda
Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
htsuda@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp

Subject Editors - Education/Registration

Subject Editors - Screening and Intervention

Supannee Sriamporn
KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, Thailand
supannee@kku.ac.th
Suraporn Wiangnon (IACR Representative)
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
surapon@kku.ac.th
Balkrishna B Yeole
Bombay Cancer Registry, Indian Cancer Society, India
bcrics@vsnl.com

Partha Sarathi Basu
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
ceds@vsnl.com
Tony Hsui-Hsi Chen
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
chenlin@ntw.edu.tw
Yun-Chul Hong
Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
ychong1@snu.ac.kr

Aims and Scope
The aim of the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control is to promote an increased awarenessin all areas of cancer prevention/control and to stimulate research and practical intervention approaches. Its official
journal, the APJCP, is indexed on PubMed and Science Citation Index Expanded. The scope is wide-ranging, including
descriptive, analytical and molecular epidemiology, experimental and clinical histopathology/biology of preneoplasias
and early neoplasias, assessment of risk and beneficial factors, experimental and clinical trials of primary preventive
measures/agents, screening approaches and secondary prevention, clinical epidemiology and all aspects of cancer
prevention education. All of the papers published are freely available as pdf files downloadable from www.apocp.org
or obtainable from the first authors.

International Advisory Board
Yoon-Ok Ahn, Seoul
Gülsün Ozentürk, Izmir
Junshi Chen, Beijing
Yu-Tang Gao, Shanghai
Tadao Kakizoe, Tokyo
Tomoyuki Kitagawa, Tokyo
Adriano Laudico, Manila
Noorwati, Jakarta
Maqsood Siddiqi, Kolkatta
Takashi Sugimura, Tokyo
Kazuo Tajima, Nagoya
Do Duc Van, Hanoi
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Kunio Aoki, Nagoya
Fahanar Badar, Lahore
Santoso Cornain, Jakarta
P Gangadharan, Kochin
Thiravud Khuhaprema, Bangkok
Hiroshi Kobayashi, Sapporo
MA Mohagheghi, Tehran
Max Parkin, London
Soeripto, Yogyakarta
Young-Joon Surh, Seoul
Suketami Tominaga, Nagoya
Minro Watanabe, Iwate

MAY Ariyaratna, Colombo
Yasmin Bhurgri, Karachi
Somyos Deerasamee, Bangkok
Sagimbek Igisinov, Almaty
Chaudhry Kishore, New Delhi
Arun P Kurkure, Mumbai
Nadeem Nagi, Sana’a
Bhakta Man Shrestha, Chitwan
Petcharin Srivatanakul, Bangkok
Maitree Suttajit, Chiang Mai
Tumubaatar, Ulaanbaatar
Cheng Har Yip, Kuala Lumpur

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL

Editorial BoardOF

CANCER PREVENTIONThe Official Publication of the
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control
and the UICC-Asian Regional Office for Cancer Control
and an Official Journal of theInternational Association of Cancer Registries
CONTENTS
Volume 10, Number 4, May - June 2009
EDITORIAL
Comments on the Future of the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer
Prevention and the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
Malcolm A Moore
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

533

REVIEWSInteractions between Reactive Oxygen Species and Cancer: theRoles of Natural Dietary Antioxidants and their Molecular
Mechanisms of Action Ademola A Oyagbemi et al .
.

.

535

Effects of Reproductive Factors on Risk of Breast Cancer: A
Literature Review Parisa Parsa and Bita Parsa
.
.

.

545

Staging of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma with Radical Prostatectomy
Specimens in Pakistan A Memon et al
.
.
.
.

551

Survival of Ovarian Cancer in Iran: 2000-2004 Maliheh Arab et al .

555

Representativeness of Population-Based Cancer Registration in China Comparison of Urban and Rural Areas
Guang Lin Li and Wan Qing Chen
.
.
.
.

559

A Case-control Study of Roles of Diet in Colorectal Carcinoma in aSouth Indian Population Sandeep P Nayak et al
.
.
.

565

Cervical Cancer Screening: Patients Understanding in Major
Hospitals in Malaysia Nor Hayati Othman et al
.
.

.

569

DNA Copy-number Loss on 1p36.1 Harboring RUNX3 with
Promoter Hypermethylation and Associated Loss of RUNX3
Expression in Liver Fluke-associated Intrahepatic
Cholangiocarcinoma Somkid Dachrut et al
.
.

.

575

Survival of Colorectal Cancer in Iran Afshin Moradi et al.

583

Recurrent Rates with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia having a
Negative Surgical Margin after the Loop Electrosurgical Excision
Procedure in Thailand Prapaporn Suprasert et al
.
.

587

Clinico-pathological Features and Outcomes in Chronic Phase
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Hydroxyurea
Syed Muhammad Irfan and Yasmin Bhurgri
.
.

.

591

Effects of Tamoxifen on the Cervix and Uterus in Women with
Breast Cancer: Experience with Iranian Patients and a
Literature Review Mojgan Karimi Zarchi et al
.
.

.

595

Do We Need to Maximise the Breast Cancer Screening Awareness?:
Experience with an Endogamous Society with High Fertility
Abdulbari Bener et al .
.
.
.
.
.
.

599

Effects of Peer Education, Social Support and Self Esteem on Breast
Self Examination Performance and Knowledge Level
Arzu Tuna Malak et al
.
.
.
.
.
.

605

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Woong Sik Ahn, Seoul
Takayuki Akasu, Tokyo
Hideyuki Akaza, Tsukuba
Suminori Akiba, Kagoshima
Gürbüz Aktas, Izmir
Jamal M Arif, Riyadh
Morteza Atri, Tehran
Micha Barchana, Jerusalem
Chien-Jien Chen, Taipei
Jian-Guo Chen, Qidong
Kexin Chen, Tianjin
Kee-Seng Chia, Singapore
An-Sik Chung, Taejon
Santoso Cornain, Jakarta
Ratchada Cressey, Chiang Mai
Sultan Eser, Izmir
Sunia Foliaki, Tonga
William Foo, Hong Kong
Katsuhiro Fukuda, Kurume
Shoji Fukushima, Osaka
Mark T Goodman, Honolulu
Adele Green, Brisbane
Nobuyuki Hamajima, Nagoya
Tsutomu Hashimoto, Wakayama
Nurbek Igisinov, Astana
Gulnura Igisinov, Almaty
Saginbek Igisinov, Almaty
Gen Iinuma, Tokyo
Masato Ikeda, Kitakyushu
Katsumi Imaida, Kagawa
Manami Inoue, Tokyo
Takafumi Ishida, Tokyo
Hideki Ishikawa, Kobe
Yoshinori Ito, Nagoya
Tetsuya Kamataki, Sapporo
Jeongseon Kim, Goyang
Reiko Kishi, Sapporo
Yoichi Konishi, Nara
Suminori Kono, Fukuoka
Choong Won Lee, Daegu
Won Chul Lee, Seoul
Hiroshi Maeda, Kumamoto
Akihiko Maekawa, Tokyo
Le Bach Mai, Hanoi
Alleyama Mathew, Trivandrum
Parvin Mehdipour, Tehran
Anjum Memon, Kuwait
Masumi Minowa, Tokyo
Masanao Miwa, Tsukuba
Mitsuru Mori, Sapporo
Hideki Mori, Gifu
Masaki Nagai, Saitama
Kei Nakachi, Hiroshima
Dai Nakae, Tokyo
Hitoshi Nakagama, Tokyo
Masakazu Nakamura, Osaka
Hoyoku Nishino, Kyoto
LeTran Ngoan, Hanoi
Filiz Ogce, Izmir
Hiroko Ohgaki, Lyon
Hajime Ohigashi, Kyoto
Hiroshi Ohshima, Shizuoka
Yoshiyuki Ohno, Nagoya

APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control
Tamoxifen Use in Indian Women - Adverse Effects Revisited
M Ashraf et al
.
.
.
.
.
.

.

609

Preoperative Prognostic Factors and Effects of Adjuvant Therapy on
Outcomes of Early Stage Cervical Cancer in IranNadereh Behtash et al
.
.
.
.
.
.

613

Effect of Riboflavin-fortified Salt Nutrition Intervention on
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High Incidence
Area, China Yutong He et al
.
.
.
.

.

619

Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology from Breast Masses
in Thailand Sudarat Nguansangiam et al
.
.
.
.

623

Factors Affecting Oral Cancer Awareness in a High-risk Populationin India J Kalavathy Elango et al
.
.
.
.

627

Targeting Health Disparity in Breast Cancer: Insights into Women’s
Knowledge of their Cancer Profile in Malaysia Siew Yim Loh et al .

631

Positive Margin Prevalence and Risk Factors with Cervical Specimens
Obtained from Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedures and Cold
Knife Conization Sunida Panna/Sanguanchoke Luanratanakorn.

637

Filgrastim and Antibiotics Treatment Reduces Neutropenia Severityin Solid Cancer Patients Bassam AR Hassan
.
.
.

641

Trends in Incidence and Mortality Rates of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
and Adenocarcinoma of Cervix - Worldwide
Aleyamma Mathew and Preethi Sara George .
.
.
.

645

CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Ethnic
Kashmiri Population Sheikh M Shaffi et al
.
.
.

651

Problem of Small Numbers in Reporting of Cancer Incidence andMortality Rates in Indian Cancer Registries Ramnath Takiar et al .

657

Lack of Elevated HER2/neu Expression in Epithelial Dysplasia andOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran Safoura Seifi et al.

661

Cervical Cytologic Abnormalities of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
1 Treated with Cryotherapy and Expectant Management during theFirst Year Follow-Up Period Yenrudee Poomtavorn et al .
.

665

Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 in Turkish Patientswith Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Nese Guney et al.

669

Incidence and Survival of Childhood Cancer Cases Diagnosed between
1998 and 2000 in Hiroshima City, Japan Hiromi Sugiyama et al .

675

A Descriptive Retrospective Study of Bladder Cancer at a Hospital in
Iran (1973-2003) Parvin Yavari et al
.
.
.
.

681

Comparison between Clinical and Surgical Staging for Endometrial
Cancer in Thailand Suwannee Buranawattanachoke et al
.
.

685

Bayesian Estimation of Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the Presenceof Misclassification in Iran Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi et al .

691

Pharmacological Activity of Kaempferia parviflora Extract against
Human Bile Duct Cancer Cell Lines Vijittra Leardkamolkarn et al .

695Management of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung
Cancer in Turkey Yesim Yildirim et al
.
.
.
.

699

COMMENTARY
New Perspective for Integrated Information Management in National
Colorectal Cancer Screening in Iran Elham Maserat et al.

701

Asbestos Exposure and Malignant Mesothelioma in Korea
Kyoung-Ho Lee et al
.
.
.
.
.

.

707

How to Estimate Cancer Stem Cell Frequency Correctly
Hai G Liu and Xiao Hua Zhang
.
.
.

.

711

.

Khaini Chewing Damages Chromosomes 2q, 3p and 21q: Occurrence
in a South Asian Population Chitta R Choudhury et al
.
.

715

Influenza Vaccination for Cancer Patients: Tertiary Prevention ofMortality Viroj Wiwanitkit .
.
.
.
.
.

717

An Impending Cancer Crisis in Developing Countries: Are We Readyfor the Challenge? Mahmood Ur Rehman .
.
.
.

719

APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Naoyuki Okamoto, Kanagawa
Toshihiko Osawa, Nagoya
Semih Ötles, Izmir
Ozgur Ozyilkan, Ankara
Kwang-Kyun Park, Seoul
Nguyen M Quoc, Ho Chi Minh CityR Rajkumar, Ambillikai
T Rajkumar, Chennai
Hiroshi Saito, Tokyo
Toshiyuki Sakai, Kyoto
Luming Shi, Singapore
Hai Rim Shin, Seoul
Tomoyuki Shirai, Nagoya
Hutcha Sripling, Songklaa
Songphol Srisukho, Chiang Mai
Toshiro Takezaki, Kagoshima
Takuji Tanaka, Kanazawa
Masae Tatematsu, Nagoya
Witaya Thamavit, Bangkok
Danai Tiwawech, Bangkok
Eiju Tsuchiya, Saitama
Ichiro Tsuji, Sendai
Hideaki Tsukuma, Osaka
Soo Jong Um, Seoul
Gajalakshmi Vendhan, Chennai
Keiji Wakabayashi, Tokyo
Hiroshi Watanabe, Kyoto
Hiromitsu Watanabe, Hiroshima
Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Kyoto
Viroj Wiwanitkit, Bangkok
Sopit Wongkham, Khon Kaen
Zentaro Yamagata, Yamanashi
Naohito Yamaguchi, Tokyo
Kenji Yamao, Nagoya
Takesumi Yoshimura, Kitakyushu
Shun-Zhang Yu, Shanghai
Yasuhito Yuasa, Tokyo

This pdf file is supplied free ofcharge by the Asian PacificOrganization for Cancer Prevention
and Control, in cooperation with the
UICC-Asian Regional Office forCancer Control and Asian Pacific
Press, Ltd.

PAE

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Members Responses Regarding the Future of the APOCP(C)and APJCP(C)
Malcolm A Moore (apocpcontrol@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Responses have been received by a number of scientists active in India, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Thailand,
and Turkey. The suggestions range from makin a charge for submissions through to recruitment of all universities
and research instiutes in the region as paying members of the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
to support its continued activities. All of the comments and suggestions will be proposed for discussion at theforthcoming 5th APOCP General Assembly Conference to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, in April 2010.
Proposals

1) Introduce a relatively low institutional fee2) Impose some form of publication charge
3) Ask the National Cancer Institutes/Centres across the region for support
4) Approach the WHO in Geneva and the Regional Offices for the Western Pacific, SouthEastern
Asia, Eastern Mediterranean and Europe (for Central Asia)
5) Approach pharmaceutical and other industrial suppliers for revenue from advertising intheMini-Abstracts pdf files6) Devolve the editorial responsibilities. I propose that regional APJCP offices be set up forWestern and Central Asia, South Asia, South-Eastern Asia and thePacific and NorthEastern Asia (conceivably also Latin America)7) Hold more regional meetings to generate funding8) Approach philanthropic organizations in the region for their support and cooperation inachievinggoals of mutual interest.
9) Produce documents and materials of commercial interest which could be marketed togeneratefunding
I would be grateful if all the members could read these suggestions and make comments, improvements andany counterproposals of their own.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 533-534

Interactions between Reactive Oxygen Species and Cancer:
the Roles of Natural Dietary Antioxidants and their Molecular
Mechanisms of Action Ademola A Oyagbemi, OI Azeez, AB Saba
( ademolaoyagbemi@yahoo.com, )Mini-Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural products inevitably generated along with cellular metabolism
Organisms have developed efficient machinery and mechanisms to keep the production of ROS under tightcontrol, these same mechanisms have also been found to regulate other intracellular processes. Cancer, one of
the leading causes of death worldwide, can now be ameliorated, blocked or reversed with ubiquitous polyphenolicand organosulphur compounds present in natural dietary antioxidants.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 535-544

Effects of Reproductive Factors on Risk of Breast Cancer: A
Literature Review Parisa Parsa, Bita Parsa(pparsa2003@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading women’s cancer worldwide. This article reviews the effects of reproductive
factors on risk of breast cancer : early menarche, nulliparity or late age at first birth, late menopause, as well as
hormonal factors. Knowing risk factors of breast cancer could significantly contribute to an improved preventionof this cancer. Furthermore, this review aimed to highlight potentially controversial conditions in the Asian
countries compared to other parts of the world which could in the future improve early prevention of breast
cancer in Asian women.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 545-550
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Staging of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma with Radical
Prostatectomy Specimens in Pakistan A Memon, Zubair Ahmad,
Asim Qureshi, A Ahsan, A Barakzai, Yasmin Bhurgri( zubair.ahmad@aku.edu)

Mini-Abstract
A study was conducted of radical prostatectomy specimens reported in the Section of Histopathology fromJan 2001 to July 2008, with cases staged according to the pathologic TNM staging system. Other variables suchas amount of tumor in prostatectomy specimens and lobes affected were also determined. Out of 65 cases, 83.3%
were clinical stage TIc. 29.2% were pT3a, 24.6% were pT3b and 3.1% were pT4. Thus the large majority of
prostatic carcinomas in Pakistan are advanced cancers with pathologic stage more advanced than evident on
clinical staging. On average, tumors involved 35-40% of the prostate with a particular preponderance in posterior
lobes.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 551-554

Survival of Ovarian Cancer in Iran: 2000-2004
Maliheh Arab, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mitra Mohit, Maryam Hosseini,
Robab Anbiaee, Morteza Tabatabaeefar, Mojgan Ebrahimi, Afseneh Tehranian,
Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari (info@crc.ir)

Mini-Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the 5-year survival of ovarian cancer in Iran between 2000 and 2004,
according to age and histology. Cancer registry of Iran, 2000-2004, was used covering nearly 80% of all ovariancancers and 100% of all pathologically diagnosed ovarian cancers. Of 1,246 new ovarian cancer cases, 451 wereavailable for further follow-up which revealed 169 deaths and 282 live cases.In conclusion, we found that ovariancancer had a better survival rate in Iran in comparison to other regions. We also reviewed all probable confounding
factors or real causes. In this study, age and histology affected survival.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 555-558

Representativeness of Population-Based Cancer Registrationin China - Comparison of Urban and Rural Areas
Mini-Abstract

Guang Lin Li, Wan Qing Chen

(chenwq@cicams.ac.cn )Chinese cancer registration data provide information on the national cancer burden but how representative
they are of the real situation is uncertain. Mortality data from cancer registration and the third national deathsurvey were therefore compared to determine the accuracy of estimates in China. The estimated cancer mortality
for all sites from national cancer registration was representative for China, especially in urban areas, but mortality
was over-estimated for rural areas, with large differences in some cancer site-specific mortalities. Setting up
new cancer registries in non-high risk areas in rural areas should be enhanced in further cancer surveillanceplans.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 559-564

A Case-control Study of Roles of Diet in Colorectal Carcinoma
in a South Indian Population Sandeep P Nayak, MP Sasi,
Mini-Abstract

MP Sreejayan, Syamsundar Mandal (sandeepnayakp@gmail.com)

Though the Indian diet varies substantially from western diet, there has not been detailed studies on any
association with colorectal cancer. This is hospital based case control study enrolling 108 cases and 324 controls,
all hailing from the Malabar region of Kerala, India. The subjects were interviewed using food frequency
questionnaires for commonly consumed dietary items in the region. There is strong evidence from our study
that intake of beef, refined carbohydrates and tobacco can promote colorectal cancer. Our study has also thrown
light on some of the other commonly consumed items, like tapioca and spices which have positive associations.
These are commonly consumed in Malabar region of Kerala.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 565-568

APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Cervical Cancer Screening: Patients Understanding in Major
Hospitals in Malaysia Nor Hayati Othman, Beena CR Devi, Y Halimah
Mini-Abstract(hayati@kb.usm.my )We studied women with cervical cancer to determine whether they had had a Pap smear within the 3 years
preceding cancer development and their understanding of screening for this cancer. The study had 2 parts;
Pathology Data and Survey Data. For pathology data, all cases of cervical cancer diagnosed in 2000-2006 wereretrieved from eight hospitals and Pap smear history was obtained from clinical records. For the Survey data;
patients who were still undergoing treatment in some of these hospitals and three others were administeredstructured questionnaires to determine their awareness about screening.In conclusion, a large number of cervicalcancer patients had not had a Pap smear within 3 years preceding cancer development and most had inadequate
knowledge about this screening test.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 569-574

DNA Copy-number Loss on 1p36.1 Harboring RUNX3 with
Promoter Hypermethylation and Associated Loss of RUNX3
Expression in Liver Fluke-associated Intrahepatic
Cholangiocarcinoma Somkid Dachrut, S Banthaisong, M Sripa, A Paeyao,
C Ho, SA Lee, C Kosinski, MA Patil, J Zhang, X Chen, Banchob Sripa,
Chawalit Pairojkul (chawalit_pjk@hotmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
To assess the role iof Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in liver fluke-associated intrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the promoter methylation status was investigated by methylation-specific PCR, withdetermination of loss of 1p36.1 by microarray comparative genomic hybridization and RUNX3 protein expression
by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, hypermethylation and loss of 1p36.1 are causal mechanisms for loss of
RUNX3 function in liver fluke-associated ICC carcinogenesis.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 575-582

Survival of Colorectal Cancer in IranAfshin Moradi, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Mohammad Mehdi Guya, Hamid
Reza Mirzaei, Reza Salmanian, Afshin Rakhsha, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
Mini-Abstract(info@crc.ir)

The present study aimed to determine survival of colorectal cancers in Iran using data from national cancer
registry department of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH&ME) as the main source of incident
colorectal cancer information in Iran from March 2000 to March 2005. One and five year survival proportions
were 88% and 45% for females versus 86% and 39% for men. The overall 5 year survival for colorectal cancer
in Iran (41%) is comparable even with some developed countries but it is far from those with advanced healthcare systems, or community based screening programs.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 583-586

Recurrent Rates with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
having a Negative Surgical Margin after the Loop
Electrosurgical Excision Procedure in Thailand Prapaporn
Suprasert, Wannapha Panyaroj, Chumnarn Kietpeerakool (psuprase@mail.med.cmu.ac.th)
Mini-Abstract
To evaluate the recurrent rate in patients with negative surgical margins after HSIL treatment with LEEP,
the medical records of such patients treated between January 2000 and June 2007 were reviewed. Further
investigation with colposcopic directed biopsies were conducted in all who exhibited an abnormal Pap smear
and only 3 of them (1.1%) showed cervical dysplasia at biopsy. In conclusion, the patients with HSIL who weretreated with LEEP and have negative surgical margins have a very low recurrence rate.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 587-590
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Clinico-pathological Features and Outcomes in Chronic Phase
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Hydroxyurea
Mini-Abstract

Syed Muhammad Irfan, Yasmin Bhurgri (yasmin.bhurgri@gmail.com)

Cinico-pathological features and major outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic phase,treated with hydroxyurea were assessed in a single centre study extending from January 1997 to June 2003. The
median age at diagnosis was 39 years and the median delay in diagnosis was 156 days (range 30 to 360 days). At
the close of the study, disease advancement was observed in 76 (43.2%) cases, of which 35 (20%) transformed toacute leukemia.In the study population, CML was observed in a younger age group with significant delay indefinitive diagnosis. Clinico-pathological features and major outcomes, however, appear comparable to publisheddata.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 591-594

Effects of Tamoxifen on the Cervix and Uterus in Women with
Breast Cancer: Experience with Iranian Patients and a
Literature Review Mojgan Karimi Zarchi, Nadereh Behtash,
Mini-Abstract

Leila Sekhavat, Atefeh Dehghan (drkarimi2001@yahoo.com)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tamoxifen on the genital tract with particular attention to
the uterus and cervix. In spite of the significant relationship between tamoxifen and endometrial cancers,
cervix is rarely involved in breast cancer patients. However, vaginal bleeding or abnormal vaginal discharge
has been reported in all cases before the diagnosis was made. To rule out genital tract malignancy, it is necessary,
therefore, to have an annual pelvic exam, pap smear and early endometrial with endocervical curettage fortamoxifen users following a breast cancer in those with abnormal uterine bleeding or persistent vaginal discharge.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 595-598

Do We Need to Maximise the Breast Cancer Screening
Awareness?: Experience with an Endogamous Society withHigh Fertility Abdulbari Bener, Hanadi R El Ayoubi, Malcolm A Moore,
Basma Basha, Sharen Joseph, Lotfi Chouchane (abener@hmc.org.qa)
Mini-Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer and to identify
potential barriers to screening procedures among women in Qatar by a multistage sampling cross sectional
survey. The majority of Qatari women demonstrated an adequate knowledge about breast cancer, with asignificant relation to education status. Almost three quarters were aware that breast cancer is the most common
cancer in women. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history, level of
education, living in an urban area and having medical check-ups when healthy were significant predictors for
CBE and mammography.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 599-604

Effects of Peer Education, Social Support and Self Esteem on
Breast Self Examination Performance and Knowledge Level
Arzu Tuna Malak, Murat Bektash, Ayshe San Turgay, Asli Tuna,
Rabia Ekti Genç (arzutunamalak@gmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
To estimate associations among peer education, social support and self esteem and their influences on
performance of breast self-examination (BSE), seven volunteer peer educators were given the BSE training
programme and in turn educated 65 women students in the university.BSE knowledge evaluation forms developedby Maurer were applied for evaluation. of data collected with questionnaries. Knowledge level points of students
and the BSE practice ratio were increased by peer support. There was a positive relationship between average
BSE knowledge points and social support and self-esteem.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 263-272
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Tamoxifen Use in Indian Women - Adverse Effects Revisited
M Ashraf, J Biswas, S Majumdar, S Nayak, N Alam, KK Mukherjee,
S Gupta (ashraf_qz@yahoo.co.in)

Mini-Abstract

Indian women seem to tolerate tamoxifen therapy better than western women, but there are no data regarding
safety and local adverse effect profiles in typical Indian populations. A total of 3,000 case records of patients who
had received tamoxifen daily for any period of time, between January 1988 and December 2007, were therefore
studied. Fatty infiltration of liver is found in almost half of the Eastern Indian women who receive tamoxifen.
Increased endometrial thickness, which remains asymptomatic, was documented in more than one third ofpatients on ultrasound examination. Tamoxifen seems to have a negligible potential for causation of uterine
malignancies in eastern Indian women.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev,10, 609-612

Preoperative Prognostic Factors and Effects of Adjuvant
Therapy on Outcomes of Early Stage Cervical Cancer in IranNadereh Behtash, Mojgan Karimi Zarchi, Maryam Deldar (drkarimi2001@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics and the pretreatmentthat might predict prognosis and to evaluate the impact of postoperative adjuvant therapy on the outcomes ofpatients with early stage cervical carcinoma. Depth of cervical stromal invasion, clinical stage and histology are
independent predictors of outcome on multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model. RFS is significantly
improved with radiotherapy in patients who are without pelvic lymph node metastases but who are in a highrisk group for recurrence.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 613-618

Effect of Riboflavin-fortified Salt Nutrition Intervention on
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High Incidence
Area, China Yutong He, Li Ye, Baoen Shan, Guohui Song, Fanshu Meng,
Shijie Wang (hytong69@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Riboflavin-fortified salt is now supplied in the diet for residents who live in high incidence areas for esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma in China. All residents from 21 townships in Cixian, Hebei province were divided into
an intervention group (9 townships, 11,382 people) who took up riboflavin-fortified salt and a control group (12townships, 10,711 people) who were free from riboflavin-fortified salt. After the intervention, the six years average
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence of the intervention group was lower than in the control group,
although not reaching statistical significance.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10,619-622

Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology from Breast
Masses in Thailand Sudarat Nguansangiam, Somneuk Jesdapatarakul,
Siriwan Tangjitgamol (siriwanonco@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
To evaluate the accuracy and diagnostic performance of fine needle aspiration FNA cytology in diagnoses ofbreast masses, women who had FNA diagnoses for breast masses and underwent subsequent histopathologic
evaluation during January 2003-December 2006 were accessed from the archive of the Anatomical Pathology
Department of our institution. Cytologic diagnoses were classified as unsatisfactory, benign, atypical probably
benign, suspicious probably malignant, and malignant, and were compared to the histopathologic diagnoses
obtained from core needle biopsy, excisional biopsy, or mastectomy to give an assessment of the diagnostic
performance of FNA. FNA cytology proved highly accurate.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 623-626
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Factors Affecting Oral Cancer Awareness in a High-risk
Population in India J Kalavathy Elango, Karimassery R Sundaram,
Paleth Gangadharan, Pramod Subhash, Sherry Peter, Civy Pulayath,
Moni Abraham Kuriakose (gangadharanp@aims.amrita.edu)

Mini-Abstract

To evaluate the awareness of oral cancer, its risk factors and to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in ahigh-risk semi-urban population in India, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out by house-to-houseinterview on a single day by 120 health volunteers. Of the surveyed population, 86% had heard about oral
cancer and 32% knew someone with oral cancer. Sixty-two percent of the subjects correctly identified the causes.
Overall, the awareness of oral cancer in this high-risk population was satisfactory, though certain gaps exist,
pointing to a need for targeted health education and risk factor cessation counseling.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 627-630

Targeting Health Disparity in Breast Cancer: Insights into
Women’s Knowledge of their Cancer Profile in Malaysia
Noor SiewYim Loh, TL Packer, Cheng- Har Yip, A Passmore (syloh@um.edu.my)
Mini-Abstract
This paper describes the knowledge of Malaysian women with regard to breast cancer and how participation
in a self-management program can improve the situation. Secondary analysis of data collected during a clinical
trial on women newly diagnosed with breast cancer was performed to examine baseline knowledge of breast
cancer profile.Malaysian women in this cohort study demonstrated very low levels of knowledge of their cancer
profile. Clinical implications for countering treatment-decision difficulties include the need for a shift in the way
information and services are delivered to allow women to take a more active role in their own care.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 631-636

Positive Margin Prevalence and Risk Factors with CervicalSpecimens Obtained from Loop Electrosurgical Excision
Procedures and Cold Knife Conization
Mini-Abstract

Sunida Panna, Sanguanchoke Luanratanakorn (Sanlua@kku.ac.th)

To determine the prevalence and predictive factors of residual disease in the specimens from cold knife
conization or the loop electrosurgical excision procedure and complication rates of these procedures a descriptive
analytical study was conducted in Srinangarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand, of a total of 463 patients withabnormal Pap smears who underwent LEEP or CKC during 2002-2007. The prevalence of a positive cone
margin is rather high. Physicians who perform conization should take into account risk factors in managementof cases with abnormal cytological screening for cervical cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 637-640

Filgrastim and Antibiotics Treatment Reduces Neutropenia
Severity in Solid Cancer Patients Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan,
Zuraidah Binti Mohd Yusoff, Saad Bin Othman (bassamsunny@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Neutropenia has a detrimental effect on cancer patients’ quality of life, also possibly resulting in a reductionin the chemotherapy dose which could lead to an increment in the size of a cancer. The main danger associatedwith neutropenia is the risk of bacterial, fungal or viral infection which may lead to patient death. Treatment
including granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF, filgrastim) so as to increase the body immunity isgiven to neutropenic patients with no infection.The use of filgrastim is highly associated with treatment ofsevere neutropenia in solid cancer patients who received chemotherapy. So filgrastim is considered as the drugof choice in the presence of severe neutropenic case.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 641-644
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Trends in Incidence and Mortality Rates of Squamous Cell
Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of Cervix - Worldwide
Aleyamma Mathew, Preethi Sara George(aleyammam@yahoo.com)

Mini-Abstract
The objective of the present paper is to summarize and quantify the trends in incidence and mortality rates
of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) worldwide. All indexed publications,which provided information on time trends in incidence or mortality rates of cervix cancer, published during
the past 12 years were included. The increasing risk of AC suggested a major role for an increasing prevalenceof persistent oncogenic HPV infection and its cofactors, whereas the downturn in period effects in several countries
during the 1990s provided evidence that cytology screening is detecting more preinvasive ACs than in previous
decades and suggested that screening might be starting to have a protective impact on AC.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 645-650

CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Lung Cancer in theEthnic Kashmiri Population Sheikh M Shaffi, Mohd Amin Shah,Mini-Abstract

Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat, Parvaiz Koul, Syed Nisar Ahmad,
Mushtaq A Siddiqi (vc.tmuk@gmail.com)

The CYP1A1 category of enzymes plays a central role in the metabolic activation of major tobacco
carcinogens. Here we focused on the influence of three polymorphisms on lung cancer in ethnic Kashmiris,
genotyping 109 lung cancer cases and 163 healthy controls by PCR-RFLP methods. Our findings thus
support the conclusion that CYP1A1m1 and m2 polymorphisms are associated with the smoking related
lung cancer risk in Kashmiri population.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 651-656

Problem of Small Numbers in Reporting of Cancer Incidence
and Mortality Rates in Indian Cancer Registries
Ramnath Takiar, Deenu Nadayil, A Nandakumar (ramnath_takiar@yahoomail.co.in)
Mini-Abstract
The present paper examines the problem of small numbers (< 20 cases) associated with many sites of cancers
in Indian cancer registries. The cancer incidence data of 14 Population Based Cancer Registries for the period of
2001-03 and 2004-05 were utilized for the analysis. Nine out of 14 registries had more than 50% of their sites
being associated with small numbers while seven registries had 50% of their sites having as low as 5 cases. To
overcome this problem, pooling of data over broad age groups or ten years age groups or 3 to 5 years periods is
one immediate solution.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 657-660

Lack of Elevated HER2/neu Expression in Epithelial Dysplasia
and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran Safoura Seifi,
Shahriar Shafaei, Kamran Nosrati, Behzad Ariaeifar (sf_seify@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the frequency of HER2/neu overexpression in oral carcinogenesis. HER2/neu
was almost undetectable in normal oral mucosa and only 1/18 (0/05) of cases was positive. In oral epithelial
dysplasia, 2/18 (11.1%) demonstrated staining, as did 3/18 OSCCs. Membrane staining was observed in allcases and there was no significant variation in frequency/intensity between normal oral mucosa / oral epithelial
dysplasia and OSCCsAberrant expression of HER2/neu apparently does not contribute to carcinogenesis in theoral epithelium. The lack of overexpression in OSCCs indicates that molecular targeting is not feasible for
adjuvant treatment.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 661-664
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Cervical Cytologic Abnormalities of Cervical Intraepithelial
Neoplasia 1 Treated with Cryotherapy and Expectant
Management during the First Year Follow-Up Period
Yenrudee Poomtavorn, Komsun Suwannarurk, Yuthadej Thaweekul,
Karicha Maireangose (pyenrudee@gmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
To determine the frequency of cervical cytologic abnormalities in patients who were diagnosed as having
CIN 1 and had undergone either cryotherapy or expectant management, a retrospective medical record reviewof 87 patients was undertaken including age, parity, menstruation status, cervical cytology reports, colposcopic
findings, and cervical cytologic follow-up reports. Cryotherapy and expectant management with cytologic
surveillance had comparable frequencies of cytologic abnormalities during a 12-month follow-up period.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 665-668

Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 in Turkish
Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Nese Guney, Hilal Oguz Soydinc, Mert Basaran, Sevil Bavbek, Duygu Derin,
Hakan Camlica, Vildan Yasasever, Erkan Topuz (neseguney@hotmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with aggressive nonHodgkin’s lymphoma (A-NHL) and the relationships with prognostic parameters and therapy. We found that
serum IL-10 levels decreased due to chemotherapy effect independent of the chemotherapy response (p=0,027). However,serum IL-6 levels were not changed. In conclusion, our data suggest that higher serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels can be
useful for diagnosis of A-NHL.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 669-674

Incidence and Survival of Childhood Cancer Cases Diagnosed
between 1998 and 2000 in Hiroshima City, Japan Hiromi Sugiyama,Nobuo Nishi, Masao Kuwabara, Motoki Ninomiya, Ken-ichi Arita, Wataru Yasui,
Fumiyoshi Kasagi, Kazunori Kodama (sugi@rerf.or.jp)
Mini-Abstract
We report here recent incidence and survival of childhood cancer in Hiroshima City. Subjects were cancer
patients less than 15 years of age in Hiroshima City registered in the Hiroshima City Cancer Registry and/or the
Hiroshima Prefecture Tumor Registry (tissue registry) between 1998 and 2000. Leukemia was the most frequent(29%) among the 12 diagnostic groups. There were 13 cancer deaths during this period and five-year survival was 79%(95% Confidence Interval: 67%-87%).
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 675-680

A Descriptive Retrospective Study of Bladder Cancer at a
Hospital in Iran (1973-2003) Parvin Yavari, B Sadrolhefazi,
MA Mohagheghi, R Mehrazin (parvinyavari@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, and it is the fourth most common cancer inmales in Iran. The objective of this study was to collect, analyze, and discuss epidemiologic features of bladdercancer using data from our University hospital. Of the total cases, 85.2% were males and 15.0% were females(P<0.0001). The mean age of diagnosis was not significantly different between the sexes and the frequency of
bladder cancer increased with age in both cases.Overall, two thirds of cases were between 50-74 years of age.
For those aged 49 years and below the male to female ratio were 3.6 while after this age the ratio rose to 6.1.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 681-684
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Comparison between Clinical and Surgical Staging forEndometrial Cancer in Thailand Suwannee Buranawattanachoke,
Surawute Leelahakorn, Siriwan Tangjitgamol, Sumonmal Manusirivithaya,
Jakkapan Khunnarong (suwanneeaa@yahoo.co.th)
Mini-Abstract
To compare preoperative clinico-pathological findings and clinical staging of endometrial cancers (EMC)with postoperative surgico-pathological findings and final surgical staging, all EMC patients who underwent
surgical staging between January 1993 and December 2008 were identified from the tumor registry of the
Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, of our institution. Clinical staging wascomparable to surgical staging in approximately 61.7% and final surgical staging change was evident in 38.3%, withpostoperative histopathological change in 25.5%. Preoperative endocervical curettage had false positive and false
negative rates of 60.3% and 14.1% respectively.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 685-690

Bayesian Estimation of Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the
Mohamad Amin
Presence of Misclassification in Iran
Pourhoseingholi, Soghrat Faghihzadeh, Ebrahim Hajizadeh, Alireza Abadi,
Mohammad Reza Zali (Aminphg@gmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
The aim of this study is to re-estimate the colorectal cancer mortality rate for Iranian population, using a
Bayesian approach in order to revise misclassification. National Death Statistics Reported by the Ministry of
Health and Medical Education (MOH&ME) from 1995 to 2003 were included in this analysis. Our findings
suggest a substantial undercount of colorectal cancer mortality in the Iranian population. Therefore healthcare
policy makers should pay notice to this underreporting.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 691-694

Pharmacological Activity of Kaempferia parviflora Extract
against Human Bile Duct Cancer Cell Lines Vijittra
Leardkamolkarn, Sunida Tiamyuyen, Bung-orn Sripanidkulchai (scvlk@mahidol.ac.th)
Mini-Abstract
A crude ethanol extract of Kaemperia parviflora Wall. Ex Baker and a purified compound, 5,7,4trimethoxyflavone (KP.8.10), were evaluated for pharmacological effects on human cholangiocarcinoma celllines (HuCCA-1 and RMCCA-1). Interestingly, K. parviflora ethanol extract and KP.8.10 at low concentrations(10-20µg/ml and 2.5-5 µg/ml, respectively) markedly reduced rhHGF-induced invasion by HuCCA-1 andRMCCA-1 cells across matrix-coated transwell plates. Higher concentrations of K. parviflora ethanol extract(60 and 80µg/ml) and KP.8.10 (20 µg /ml) dramatically changed the cellular morphology and caused death inboth cell types.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 695-698

Management of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small
Cell Lung Cancer in Turkey Yesim Yildirim, Ozgur Ozyilkan, Zuleyha
Calikusu, Zafer Akcali, Yesim Akcay, Beyhan Demirhan (dryesimyildirim@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Since patients older than 70 years are less likely to receive standard therapy than their younger counterparts, the aim of the present study was to determine age-dependent variation in efficacy. Between 2004-2008, 40
consecutive patients older than 70 years received treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. All were
evaluated for response and toxicity. No differences were found regarding type of chemotherapy administered or
adverse events between the 2 groups so thatatients older than 75 years appear to deserve the same standard
therapy as that given to younger cases.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 699-700
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

New Perspective for Integrated Information Management in
National Colorectal Cancer Screening in IranElham Maserat, Reza Fatemi, Mohamad Reza Zali (elhammaserat@gmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
Colorectal cancer screening management, especially for those with a genetic predisposition, depends onadequate and standard reporting. Standardized reporting systems for diagnostic and screening tests facilitate
quality improvement of programs and clear communication among health care providers. This article presents
a comprehensive picture of the information content of colorectal cancer screening in the national plan of Iran,consisting of demographic and medical findings and other standard reports (colonoscopy, pathology, genetics
and pedigree data). In addition this review presents data flow in screening and data elements in patient perspectives
on colorectal cancer screening.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 701-706

Asbestos Exposure and Malignant Mesothelioma in Korea
Kyoung-Ho Lee, Hyung-Suk Yoon, Sang-Jun Choi, Daehee Kang (dhkang@snu.ac.kr)
Mini-Abstract
This paper describes the use and occupational exposure to asbestos, and the incidence and mortality ofmalignant mesotheliomas in Korea. Asbestos raw material imports from other countries peaked between 1990
and 1995, but importation of asbestos-containing and -processed materials has steadily increased until now.
There were 334 deaths due to malignant mesothelioma and an average of 30.4 deaths per year between 1996 and2006. The number of deaths attributed to malignant mesothelioma ranged from 16 cases in 1999 to 57 cases in2006. The magnitude of asbestos-related health problems in Korea has been underestimated due to underdiagnosis, incomplete reports, and shorter duration of exposure. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 707-710

How to Estimate Cancer Stem Cell Frequency Correctly
Hai G Liu, Xiao Hua Zhang (zhangxhwzmc@yahoo.com)
Mini-Abstract
Cancer stem cell research is a focus for more and more cancer biologists and evidence of involvement incancer devleopment is becoming more abundant. Earlier studies indicated cancer stem cells to be rare as
determined by the standard xenotransplantation assay using SCID mice in vivo. However, recent studies haveshown that syngeneic transplantation of mouse tumors or modifications to the xenotransplantation assay caneffectively improve the accuracy of detection, with stem cells being more abundant than hitherto thought.
Furthermore, to estimate frequency correctly, it is necessary to considerate cancer stem cell subsets with differing
capacities for tumorigenesis.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 711-714

Khaini Chewing Damages Chromosomes 2q, 3p and 21q:
Occurrence in a South Asian Population Chitta R Choudhury,
Avidyuti Chowdhury, Rajendra B Prasad, Takahiko Shibahara(cr_choudhury@yahoo.co.uk)

Mini-Abstract
Chewing Khaini, damages chromosomes, in the form of loss of heterozygosity (LOH), identified on the longarm of chromosome 2 (2q), the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) and the long arm of chromosome 21 (21q) of
oral cancer cases who had quid chewing habit of more than 10 years duration, and chewed 10-15 times a day.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 715-716
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

Influenza Vaccination for Cancer Patients: Tertiary Preventionof Mortality
Viroj Wiwanitkit(wviroj@yahoo.com)

Mini-Abstract
Tertiary prevention is an important concept in oncology. The prevention of extensive damage due tosuperimposed conditions is a core approach for cancer prevention at the tertiary level. In this article, the author
discusses influenza vaccination for cancer patients in this light.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 717-718

An Impending Cancer Crisis in Developing Countries: Are We
Ready for the Challenge?
Mahmood Ur Rehman, Qasim M Buttar, Mohammad Irfan-ul-Haq Khawaja,
Muhammad Rizwan-ul-Haq Khawaja (mrkhawaja@gmail.com)
Mini-Abstract
Cancers affect all communities worldwide. There are, however, marked differences in the prevalence andtypes of cancers among communities. While the total cancer burden remains the highest in affluent societies,
less developed economies are closing the gap very rapidly. As developing countries succeed in achieving lifestyles
similar to those in advanced economies, they will also encounter much higher cancer rates, particularly cancersof the breast, colon, prostate and uterus. The increased prevalence and incidence of cancers in developing
countries reflects a wider transition in the global burden of diseases from infectious to a greater frequency of
non-communicable, chronic illnesses.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 10, 719-720

Notes:APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

CONFERENCES
3rd International Cancer Control Congress‘International Collaborations’Como, Italy, November 2009 www.cancercontrol2009.com

20th Asian Pacific Cancer Congress‘Cancer Control - Generating Unique Asian Pacific Contributions’Tsukuba, Japan, November 2009 www2.convention.jp/20th-apcc/

Fifth APOCP General Assembly Conference‘Bridging Continents for Cancer Control’ Istanbul, Turkey, April 2010www.apocp2010.net

UICC World Cancer Congress
China, August 2010 www.worldcancercongress.org
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention and Control

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION
INFORMATION FOR AUTHORSAPJCP Editorial Office. The editorial offices are located in Thailand and Japan but submission is all electronic.
Types of Manuscript.
Editorials
Commentaries

Reviews/Mini-reviews
Policy and Practice Reports

Research Communications
Letters to the Editor

Peer Review.
Manuscripts submitted to the APJCP are reviewed by two or more authorities for significance and validity andcomments are all supplied to the author. Advice as to acceptability will normally be supplied within one or twomonths.
Submission of Manuscripts.
Manuscripts can be submitted to Malcolm Moore at apocpcontrol@yahoo.com or any of the Subject Editors
listed inside the front cover. There are no submission or page charges. Please send a Microsoft Word file for text and a
Powerpoint file for figures. No hard copy is necessary except when a figure may be needed for scanning.
Conflict of Interest.
Information as to commercial or other links which might pose a conflict of interest should be provided. Funding
sources can be acknowledged in the Acknowledgements.
Permission for Inclusion of Published Material.
The authors have full responsibility for obtaining permission for inclusion of previously published material inwork submitted to the APJCP.
Organization of Manuscripts.
Title page: Concise title, authors names and affiliations, address for correspondence, Email address
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Text pages: Arranged as appropriate for the type of manuscript
References: In text cited as Yellow (2000), (Brown and Pink, 2000), (Black et al., 2000): NOT NUMBERED!
Listed chronologically then alphabeticallyIn the list: alphabetically then by year, all authors if up to five, three and et al for more.
Format:Brown A, Pink B, Black C, et al (2000). Cancer prevention in the Asian-Pacific. Asian Pac
J Cancer Prev, 8, 10-2.
Brown A, Pink B, Black C, et al (2000). Cancer prevention. In ‘Neoplasia’ , Eds Blue D
and Red E. Asian Pacific Education Press, Bangkok pp1-10
Illustrations: Should be of size and quality for direct downloading.
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Proofs will be sent as pdf files. Reprints can not be provided but the authors will be able to print out whatevercopies they need from the final pdf file. They retain copyright other than that necessary for publication in the APJCP.

INFORMATION FOR ANY INTERESTED IN BECOMING APOCPC MEMBERS
The bimonthly electronic Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP) is published by the Asian PacificOrganization for Cancer Prevention and Control with support from the UICC-Asian Regional Office for Cancer Control
to promote increased awareness and knowledge in all areas of cancer prevention/control and to stimulate collaborative
efforts and practical intervention approaches in the different countries and states of the Asian Pacific region. The
journal is indexed on PubMed and Science Citation Index Expanded and free pdf files can be downloaded from our
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The APOCP(C) is a non-profit concern. Any donations ( listed in the yearly report) are used to support meetings
and training courses to help achieve the aims of cancer prevention/control in the Asian Pacific region.
APJCP Vol 10, No 4

CONTENTS

APJCP
Volume 10, Number 4, July-August 2009
Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
and Control
EDITORIAL
Comments on the Future of the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention and the Asian Pacific Organization
for Cancer Prevention Malcolm A Moore
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533

REVIEWSInteractions between Reactive Oxygen Species and Cancer: the Roles of Natural Dietary Antioxidants and their
Molecular Mechanisms of Action Ademola A Oyagbemi et al
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535

Effects of Reproductive Factors on Risk of Breast Cancer: A Literature Review Parisa Parsa and Bita Parsa

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545

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Staging of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma with Radical Prostatectomy Specimens in Pakistan A Memon et al

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551

Survival of Ovarian Cancer in Iran: 2000-2004 Maliheh Arab et al

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559

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565

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569

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Representativeness of Population-Based Cancer Registration in China - Comparison of Urban and Rural Areas
Guang Lin Li and Wan Qing Chen
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A Case-control Study of Roles of Diet in Colorectal Carcinoma in a South Indian Population Sandeep P Nayak et al
Cervical Cancer Screening: Patients Understanding in Major Hospitals in Malaysia Nor Hayati Othman et al.

DNA Copy-number Loss on 1p36.1 Harboring RUNX3 with Promoter Hypermethylation and Associated Lossof RUNX3 Expression in Liver Fluke-associated Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Somkid Dachrut et al
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575

Survival of Colorectal Cancer in Iran Afshin Moradi et al

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583

Recurrent Rates with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia having a Negative Surgical Margin after the Loop Electrosurgical
Excision Procedure in Thailand Prapaporn Suprasert et al
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587

Clinico-pathological Features and Outcomes in Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Hydroxyurea
Syed Muhammad Irfan and Yasmin Bhurgri
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591

Effects of Tamoxifen on the Cervix and Uterus in Women with Breast Cancer: Experience with Iranian Patients and a
Literature Review Mojgan Karimi Zarchi et al .
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595

Do We Need to Maximise the Breast Cancer Screening Awareness?: Experience with an Endogamous Society with High
Fertility Abdulbari Bener et al .
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599

Effects of Peer Education, Social Support and Self Esteem on Breast Self Examination Performance and Knowledge Level
Arzu Tuna Malak et al
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Tamoxifen Use in Indian Women - Adverse Effects Revisited M Ashraf et al

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Preoperative Prognostic Factors and Effects of Adjuvant Therapy on Outcomes of Early Stage Cervical
Cancer in Iran Nadereh Behtash et al
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605

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609

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613

Effect of Riboflavin-fortified Salt Nutrition Intervention on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High Incidence Area,
China Yutong He et al
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619

Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology from Breast Masses in Thailand

Sudarat Nguansangiam et al

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623

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627

Targeting Health Disparity in Breast Cancer: Insights into Women’s Knowledge of their Cancer Profile in Malaysia
Siew Yim Loh et al
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631

Factors Affecting Oral Cancer Awareness in a High-risk Population in India J Kalavathy Elango et al.

Positive Margin Prevalence and Risk Factors with Cervical Specimens Obtained from Loop Electrosurgical
Excision Procedures and Cold Knife Conization Sunida Panna and Sanguanchoke Luanratanakorn
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637

Filgrastim and Antibiotics Treatment Reduces Neutropenia Severity in Solid Cancer Patients Bassam AR Hassan

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641

Trends in Incidence and Mortality Rates of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of Cervix - Worldwide
Aleyamma Mathew and Preethi Sara George
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645

CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Ethnic Kashmiri Population Sheikh M Shaffi et al

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651

Problem of Small Numbers in Reporting of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates in Indian Cancer Registries
Ramnath Takiar et al
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657

Lack of Elevated HER2/neu Expression in Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran Safoura Seifi et al661

Cervical Cytologic Abnormalities of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 Treated with Cryotherapy and Expectant Management
during the First Year Follow-Up Period Yenrudee Poomtavorn et al
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665

Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 in Turkish Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Nese Guney et al
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669

Incidence and Survival of Childhood Cancer Cases Diagnosed between 1998 and 2000 in Hiroshima City, Japan
Hiromi Sugiyama et al
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675

A Descriptive Retrospective Study of Bladder Cancer at a Hospital in Iran (1973-2003) Parvin Yavari et al

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681

Comparison between Clinical and Surgical Staging for Endometrial Cancer in Thailand Suwannee Buranawattanachoke et al .

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685

Bayesian Estimation of Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the Presenceof Misclassification in Iran Mohamad A Pourhoseingholi et al

691

Pharmacological Activity of Kaempferia parviflora Extract against Human Bile Duct Cancer Cell Lines
Vijittra Leardkamolkarn et al
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Management of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Turkey Yesim Yildirim et al

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695

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699

COMMENTARY
New Perspective for Integrated Information Management in National Colorectal Cancer Screening in Iran Elham Maserat et al

701

Asbestos Exposure and Malignant Mesothelioma in Korea Kyoung-Ho Lee et al

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707

How to Estimate Cancer Stem Cell Frequency Correctly Hai G Liu and Xiao Hua Zhang

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711

Khaini Chewing Damages Chromosomes 2q, 3p and 21q: Occurrence in a South Asian Population Chitta R Choudhury et al .

715

Influenza Vaccination for Cancer Patients: Tertiary Prevention of Mortality Viroj Wiwanitkit

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717

An Impending Cancer Crisis in Developing Countries: Are We Ready for the Challenge? Mahmood Ur Rehman et al .

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719

APJCP Vol 10, No 4.

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