DigitalResources

Language and Culture
Documentation and Description 16®

Iñupiatun Eskimo Dictionary

Wolf A. Seiler

Iñupiatun Eskimo Dictionary

Compiled by

Wolf A. Seiler

SIL International®
2012

Language and Culture Documentation and Description
16©

2012 SIL International
ISSN 1939-0785

Fair Use Policy
Documents published in the Language and Culture Documentation and
Description series are intended for scholarly research and educational use.
You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional
purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further
permission. Republication or commercial use of Language and Culture
Documentation and Description or the documents contained therein isexpressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyrightholder(s).

CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................... 5
PREFACE ............................................................................................................ 7
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 11
Phonology and Orthography .......................................................................... 12
Grammatical Considerations.......................................................................... 17
Dictionary Format .......................................................................................... 20IÑUPIATUN-ENGLISH ................................................................................... 25
POSTBASES.................................................................................................... 241
ENGLISH-IÑUPIATUN ................................................................................. 277
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Verb Stem Classification ......................................................... 431
Appendix 2 Verb Suffixes ........................................................................... 435
Appendix 3 Noun Stem Classification......................................................... 444
Appendix 4 Comparison of Nouns Number, Possession, Modalis Case..... 445
Appendix 5 Suffixes Indicating Noun Possession....................................... 448
Appendix 6 Postpositional Case Endings .................................................... 449
Appendix 7 Individual Noun Classes with their suffixes ............................ 450
Appendix 8 Independent Pronoun Bases ..................................................... 458
Appendix 9 Positional Bases ....................................................................... 460
Appendix 10 Demonstrative Adverbs and Pronouns .................................. 461
REFERENCES................................................................................................. 494

4

FOREWORD

It is with great pleasure and pride that we present this Iñupiaq dictionary to you.
The words and meanings of this dictionary represent our unique world view which
has evolved over thousands of years, as our ancestors have struggled to survive inorder to leave this legacy to us.
The number of Iñupiaq language speakers has been decreasing since English wasintroduced over a century ago. The NANA Regional Corporation has been involved
through the Iñupiat Ilitqusiat Program to promote an important Iñupiaq value:
Knowledge of Language. This dictionary is one tool that will help both fluent
speakers and learners to maintain and study the language and the ideas it represents.
It will also support the efforts of the newly re-established Iñupiaq Language
Commission, whose goal is to promote the use of the Iñupiaq language in everyday
life. In addition, this project was supported by the NANA Iñuuniaâiqput Committee
and the NANA Regional Elders Council, who have been concerned about thedevelopment of resources for Iñupiaq language learning.
The timely publication of this dictionary fulfills a need that has been repeatedly
addressed by shareholders who live in Alaska and outside of Alaska, by staff
members in our schools, hospital and local offices, by university personnel andstudents, by young people, by tourists and by many other individuals. Our hope isthat this dictionary will encourage our young people to study and maintain the
Iñupiaq language and to take pride in their Iñupiaq heritage.
Special thanks goes to Amaàuq, Wolf Seiler, who has spent many years studying
our language carefully and collecting and editing the words in this dictionary. Our
appreciation also goes to all the individuals who contributed to this publication. We
are glad that it was published while we have some Iñupiaq speakers to help us, inour efforts to maintain our language. Quyaanna.

Kasaänaaluk
Marie N. Greene, President
NANA Regional Corporation
July 2005

5

6

PREFACE“In the beginning was the Word,” we read on the first pages of one of the most important books
known to mankind. That book says that the word of God is the origin of all creation. Is it not true, inanother sense, that the word is the origin of all that we really are as humans? Our ability to think innotions and to communicate the same is part of God’s creation. The word is truly a key to our own
being and to our communication with other humans and so to our place in history.
Words have a history. Each word contains not only the meaning that the dictionary assigns to it; it
contains at the same time, metaphorically speaking, the person who speaks it, as well as the situationin which the speaking occurs and the reason why the person speaks the word.
In this way, this collection of words creates a sense of connectedness to the Iñupiaq history andforefathers who lived it and to their way of life. For thousands of years words have been needed todescribe situations and reasons in the life of the Iñupiaq people. Many of these words live on in
speakers today.
This collection of words represents the cultural heritage of the Iñupiaq people. It began more thanforty years ago. Many elders contributed their word(s) to this collection. A good number of thesehave died since the collection began.
When different languages come in contact, changes are inevitable. At such times, it becomes clearthat words have a mysterious nature: they can be like light that enhances life, and they can be likelightning that destroys life. More than one hundred years ago, “White Men” came to Northwestern
Alaska. They introduced a foreign language and worldview to the people of the NANA region.
Hence, the number of Iñupiatun speakers has been decreasing since then because of the influence ofEnglish. However, one might view the remaining speakers like the stump of a tree: it is possible for
new life to grow up. In the same way, the next generation can bring Iñupiatun back to life.
So, why is it important to know the words of the Iñupiatun language? The reason is this – thelanguage of a people is the soul of the people. With a history of forefathers who have survived harshconditions of life for thousands of years, who cannot be proud? The Iñupiaq way of life and theIñupiatun language are unique in this world. It would really be a shame to “lose one’s soul.”
Meaning in the Dictionary
One function in a dictionary stands out more than any other: it intends to define the meaning ofwords. Although definitions are central to a dictionary and obviously involved with semantics (thestudy of meaning), they deal primarily with individual words in isolation from other words. Theylargely ignore the syntax (the study of grammar) and the relations above sentence level of thelanguage. Although I have studied the semantics and syntax for more than thirty years, I do not know
nearly enough about the language and all its intricacies.
Perhaps the first thing we need to remind ourselves of is that ‘meaning’ is an artificial, thoughhighly useful, concept. Meaning does not truly reside in the word, but in the minds of those who hearor read it. The meaning of a word is as much without form as the soul of a person is; everyone knowsof its existence, but cannot grasp it. It is elusive because no two people have had exactly the same7

experience with the meaning to which the word refers. That means that the meaning of the word will
be slightly or greatly different for each user of this dictionary. As the editor of this dictionary, I relyon the fact that each word has a certain ‘field of meaning’ and that a great deal of people share thisunderstanding.
Because ‘meaning’ is so elusive, I would urge you, the user of the dictionary, to be tolerant whenlooking up words and finding that a definition does not agree with your understanding. Rather, I
encourage you to mark each word and to send your comments to the next editor at the office of the
NANA Regional Corporation in Kotzebue, Alaska.
I have attempted to be as complete in this collection as possible. Missing words were notintentionally omitted. If the reader feels certain words are missing, it is because of lack of time andresources. I am aware that you, the reader, will find errors in this dictionary. My team and I were notable to check every item with as many people as we would have liked. As a result, it could be that the
information about a word may not be as complete as needed, or that I documented the word
incorrectly. The responsibility for omissions and errors is solely mine.
Acknowledgements
The vocabulary presented in this dictionary was collected over a period of more than forty years.
Under the auspices of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, first Wilfried Zibell (from 1962 to hissudden death in 1971) and later I (from 1972 until 1998) worked in the NANA region on translating
the content of the New Testament into the language. Bible translation was our focus, though it is a
special kind of communication. One result of that work is a list of words for common as well as for
specialized use.
I have made use of the “Iñupiat Eskimo Dictionary,” published by Wilfried Zibell and Don
Webster for the Alaska Rural School Project in 1970. It ordered words mostly under “semantic
domains” (by categories, such as the body and its parts, all fish and their parts, hunting, etc). I have
had help from the “Abridged Iñupiaq and English Dictionary,” compiled by Edna MacLean, 1980,
and from the “Yu’pik Eskimo Dictionary,” compiled by Steven A. Jacobson, 1984, both publishedthrough the Alaska Native Language Center, Fairbanks. I have also used unpublished materials from
ANLC. I am thankful for all such help. Finally, I have consulted “North Slope Iñupiaq Grammar,”published by Edna MacLean through the Alaska Native Language Center.
This dictionary would not have been possible without the very valuable help that Tatqaviñ Ruth
Sampson gave to this project. Over twenty years she has given of her time to answer questions
patiently. Her ability in both Iñupiatun and English was a tremendous help. A special thank you is
due her.
I am also indebted to many other speakers of Iñupiatun who have contributed to the present
collection and who helped define the meanings of the words. These include Elsie Adams, RachelAdams, Barbara Armstrong, Janet Barr, Billy Black, Harriet Blair, Douglas and Esther Brown, Joe
Carter, Robert Cleveland, Truman Cleveland, Lena Coffin, Leslie Coffin, Louis Commack, Esther
Curtis, Florence Douglas, Tommy and Elsie Douglas, Ivan and Ramona Field, Joe and Pauline Field,
Daniel and Lucy Forster, Hanna Gallahorn, Pauline George, Ruth George, Cora Gooden, Arthur andMinnie Gray, Fletcher and Lila Gregg, Pauline and Bert Harvey, Ned Howarth, Clarence Jackson,
Amy Jones, Helen Kagoona, Clara Lee, Charlie Lie, Hannah Loon, George and Maggie Melton, Ethel
8

Mills, Walter and Minnie Morris, Beatrice Mouse, Angeline Newlin, Robert Newlin, Juanita Norton,
Viola Norton, Ruth Outwater, Willard Outwater, Robert Patterson, Jack and Cora Pungalik, Violet
Pungalik, Thomas and Edith Pungalik, Jonas Ramoth, Steve and Mildred Sampson, James Savok,
Polly Schaeffer, Albert and Minnie Sheldon, Billy Sheldon Sr., Enoch Sherman, Rachel Sherman,
Tommy and Hazel Snyder, Joe Sun, Nita Towarak, Helen Wells, Russell Williams Sr., and Whittierand Lorena Williams. All of these speakers of the language, and many unnamed speakers as well, arethe true authors of this book.
Two other groups of people deserve a thank you. Geri Adams-Jones, Ruth Downey, Cheryl
Sampson, and Donna Westdahl typed the hand-written collection into the computer. This was aformidable task, and I want to thank them. I also want to express thanks to Chet Dyche, Mary Norton,
Millie Ragland, Ina Gabriele Seiler, and Carsten Michael Seiler who checked the English side forcorrect expression and other details.
This dictionary would not have been possible without the generous financial help of the NANA
Regional Corporation. A special thank you is due their president, Marie Greene, and their board of
directors.
My grateful thanks are also due to Dr. Calvin Rensch of the Summer Institute of Linguistics forreading carefully parts of this dictionary and making valuable suggestions.
Last, but not least, I want to thank my wife Hildegard for her constant encouragement. We spentcountless hours discussing terms and definitions, and this dictionary is a better product because of it.
I hope that this book will inspire the renewed use of the Iñupiatun language and that the Iñupiat
Ilitqusiat Committee will publish a revised edition of this book in the future.
Amaàuq
Wolf A. Seiler
August 2005

9

10

GENERAL INTRODUCTION
There are several Eskimo languages in Alaska. A major division exists between Yupik and Inuit.
Siberian Yupik is spoken on St. Lawrence Island and in Russian Far East, Central Yupik in southwestern
Alaska, and Alutiiq on Kodiak Island, the Kenai Peninsula and around Prince William Sound.
Inuit is spoken by people groups from Eastern Greenland to Northern Alaska. In Greenland, thelanguage is known as Kalaaâisut. The designations Inuvialuktun, Inuttut, and Inuktitut are used in
Canada. In Northern Alaska, the language is known as Iñupiatun.
Iñupiatun is comprised of four major dialects: Bering Strait, Qawairaq, Malemiut, and North Slope.
The people who live in the villages between Deering and Kivalina and between Kotzebue and Kobuk, in
the NANA region, speak the dialect called Malemiut. This dictionary covers mainly this Malemiut
dialect. There are subdialects in the region, which I have tried to incorporate without specificallymarking any of them. (The designation “Malemiut” is used in linguistic descriptions, and thus atechnical term.)
The map below shows the villages where Iñupiatun is spoken in Northern Alaska, including allvillages designated by number.

11

PHONOLOGY AND ORTHOGRAPHY
The modern writing system (orthography) of Iñupiatun utilizes writing symbols that are based on
Latin and thus the common English orthography. It was called the “new alphabet” some years back; it
has been called “atchagat” for some time. The following alphabet chart shows all writing symbols of
Iñupiatun that are used in the NANA region.
ATCHAGAT (ALPHABET CHART)
Consonants (Chart 1)

stops
voicelessfricatives

labialp

alveolarpalatalt > châ >ãs*retroflex

sr

velar
k

uvularqglottalhvoicedl** >áfricatives
v
y
r
g
à
nasalsmn > ñä* Although s is phonetically alveolar, it sometimes appears as palatatalized t.
** The sounds l and á do not have audible friction, but they function as voiced continuants.
Vowels (Chart 2)
front central back
high
low

i

u
a

Stop Consonants
Stops are the consonants in the first row of the alphabet chart. These sounds are produced when theflow of air through the mouth is temporarily stopped, by either the lips or when the tongue is held
against the palate. Stops in Iñupiatun are voiceless and unaspirated, i.e. without a puff of air (except at
the end of a word).
Atchagat
p
t
ch
k
q

Iñupiatun word(s) with the soundEnglish word containing equivalentor similar soundputu ‘hole’
spill (without a puff of air)talu ‘door’; putu ‘hole’
still (without a puff of air)iñuich ‘people’churchThis /ch/ is a palatalization of /t/, as indicated by the symbol > on the chart above
skill (without a puff of air)kukik ‘fingernail’
aqpik ‘cloud berry’; taaq ‘dark’
no equivalent
The /q/ is produced farther back in the mouth than /k/.

12

Fricatives
Fricatives are the consonants in the second and third row of the sound chart. These sounds areproduced in the same places as the stop sounds in the corresponding columns. Audible friction is
produced by holding one’s lower lip or tongue against the teeth or the palate and allowing the air toescape. These fricatives are continuing sounds, or continuants, in contrast to the stops. When the vocal
cords vibrate while the sound is produced, the fricative is voiced, while it is voiceless when the vocal
cords do not vibrate.
Atchagat
â
ã
s
s
sr

h
v
l
á
y
r

g
g

à
à

Iñupiatun word(s) with the soundEnglish word containing equivalentor similar soundplow (only more ‘breathy’)iâuaqtuq ‘good for him’no equivalentsikãaq ‘pickaxe’This second /ã/ is a palatalization of /â/, as indicated by the symbol > on the chart abovesoon
siku ‘ice’; kisaq ‘anchor’qaisaäa ‘that which he gave’sayThis second /s/ is a palatalization of /t/, as indicated by the symbol > on the chart above
no equivalentiqsraq ‘cheek’; siksrik ‘ground squirrel’This /sr/ is produced by lightly curling the tip of the tongue as it is raised close to thealveolar ridge right behind the teeth. It sounds like /r/ and /sh/ pronounced together at
the same time, for some it is more like /hr/aahaaliq ‘oldsquaw duck’
resembles English ‘h’love, victory
kiviruq ‘it sank’ulu ‘woman’s knife’lowmillion, peculiar
kiááiq ‘cut’, niàipáuni ‘he while eating’This second /á/ is a palatalization of /l/, as indicated by the symbol > on the chart above
yes
qayaq ‘kayak’
iri ‘eye’; argaich ‘hand, fingers’
This /r/ is produced by lightly curling the tip of the tongue as it is raised close to thealveolar ridge right behind the teeth. It sounds like /r/ and /z/ pronounced together at
the same time
piglet (/g/ before another consonant)aglaun ‘pencil’ivgun ‘towel’, aarigaa ‘fine!, nice!’no equivalent (after a consonant)This /g/ is the voiced counterpart of the stop /k/ above. Between vowels, the friction iseven less audible than in other environments
aàra ‘ashes’; kiñuvàuruq ‘he mourns’
no equivalentmaààaq ‘mud’; niàiruq ‘he is eating’no equivalentThis /à/ is the voiced counterpart of the stop /q/ above. Between vowels, the friction iseven less audible than in other environments

NasalsNasals are produced by the passage of air through the nose. Like fricatives, nasals are continuants.
Atchagatmn

Iñupiatun word(s) with the soundEnglish word containing equivalentor similar sound
man
noon

mannik ‘egg’
nuna ‘land’
13

ñ
ä

iñuk ‘person’
onionThis second /ñ/ is a palatalization of /n/, as indicated by the symbol > on the chart abovering
aäun ‘male being’

VowelsIñupiatun vowels /a, i, u/ may occur short (written as single symbol) or long (written as double
symbol). In addition, two unlike vowels may form a vowel cluster.
Short /a/ has the sound of u in English fun, but long /a/ has the sound of /a/ in English father. The
diphthongs /ai/ and /ia/ have the sound of /a/ in bake. The diphthongs /au/ and /ua/ have the sound of /oa/in /oak/. The diphthong /iu/ has the sound of /ee/ in English, as in /baleen/. The diphthong /ui/ has thesound of /ooey/ as in /gooey/.
However, the sound quality of a vowel changes when it occurs in a closed syllable (vowel(s) between
consonants) or is followed by the back consonant /q/ or /à/. The vowel /i/ when alone or when following
another vowel before /q/ or /à/ has the sound of /i/ in /sit/. Similarly, the vowel /u/ when alone or when
following another vowel before a /q/ or /à/ has the sound of /u/ in /pull/. The diphthongs /ai/ and /ia/
before /q/ of /à/ have the sound of /a/ as in /back/. The diphthongs /au/ and /ua/ before /q/ or /à/ have thesound of /aw/ as in /raw/. Finally, the vowel /u/ in the diphthong /iu/ before /q/ or /à/ has the sound of /u/
in /pull/.
The pronunciation of the vowels before back consonants (q and à) and elsewhere are summarized in
the following chart:
Atchagataii(q/à)uu(q/à)

Iñupiatun word(s) with the soundamiq ‘animal hide’; aatqan ‘mitten’ini ‘place’; uqpik ‘willow’
siqiñiq ‘sun’; piiàiñ ‘go away’
ulu ‘woman’s knife’uqaq ‘tongue’; amaruàlu ‘and a wolf’

English word containing equivalentor similar soundfunbaleen
sit
stool
pull

There are three long vowels (clusters of two like vowels):
/aa/
/ii/
/ii/(q/à)/uu//uu/(q/à)English word containing equivalent orsimilar soundaapa ‘father’; amaaq ‘root’
fatherbaleeniqiitchuq ‘he is not lazy’
Ataniiq ‘Lord!’; piiqsirruä ‘take it away’pitsmooth, rulekuuk ‘river’
tuuq ‘ice chisel’
pull

There are six diphthongs (clusters of two unlike vowels):
/ai/
/ia/
/ai/(q/à)/ia/(q/à)/au/English word containing equivalent orsimilar soundbakeaiviq ‘walrus’; qaiqpaich ‘big waves’
nalliat ‘which of these’
qaiqpaich ‘big waves’
umiaq ‘boat’; niaquq ‘head’
paula ‘soot’; mauyaànaq ‘soft spot in snow’
14

back
oak

/ua/
/au/(q/à)/ua/(q/à)/iu//iu/(q/à)/ui//ui/(q/à +Cons)ukuak ‘these [dual] here’
raw
tauqsiqãugu ‘he bought it’; qauq ‘forehead’quaq ‘frozen food’; piyuaqtuq ‘he attacks’kiugaa ‘she answered him’baleenpull
uqaqmiuq ‘he also said’; aäuyyiuqti ‘soldier’uiga ‘my husband’; uiàualaplutiä ‘they hollered’ gooey
ruinniaquiàñiàaa ‘he beheaded him’

Palatalization
The arrows on the chart above show the process of palatalization (the tongue is moving toward or
touching the hard palate when making a sound that is normally produced behind the teeth). This process
involves changes from /t/ to /ch/ or /s/, /â/ to /ã/, /l/ to /á/, /n/ to /ñ/. Alveolar sounds will be palatalized
when they follow an /i/ if such /i/ occurs after two consonants (for example, /tapsiñ/ your belt) or occurs
as the second of two vowels (for example, /tuiñ/ your shoulder). In some cases a single consonant and /i/will produce palatalization, for example, in /saääiñ/ your strength. Some have referred to this /i/ as a“strong I.”
Impact of Grammar on the Alphabet
There are more spoken consonants in Iñupiatun than the Chart 1 above shows, but not all of theseneed to be represented as writing symbols on that chart. Some sounds occur in only one environment andalways in the same manner; they are predictable.
Two notable examples are the [x] pronunciation of /kh/ and the [X] pronunciation of /qh/. This
combination occurs when the final sound of a base or a postbase is a /k/ and the intransitive coordinative(dependent mood) suffix is added. The resulting consonant cluster is /kh/, pronounced as [x]. A similarsound pattern occurs when the same suffix is added to a base or postbase ending in /q/. Technically, thesesounds are the phonectic pronunciation of a sequence of two sounds, and, consequently, they don’t need toappear in the inventory of writing symbols. For example,
Unnuaàaàikman siñikhuni suli uvluàaàikman makitluni savaaqaqtuq.
He goes to bed at night and gets up by day to work.
Iáisautiaqsiñiàai nipliqhuni,
He started teaching them and said,
Although [x] and [X] are pronounced as one sound, they represent sequences of two sounds. Each ofthese actually represents parts of two different morphemes. Chart 3 shows that the /h/ in [-huni] belongs
to the set of suffixes of the intransitive coordinative. As the above two examples and Chart 3 show
(examples only for 3rd person singular), the grammar differentiates between realized action andunrealized action. It also shows that there is variation of form.

15

Chart 3
Base ending in Realized Action Unrealized Actiona, i, u-pluni-luni-t(i)t-lunil-luni-kk-hunig-uni-qq-huni
à-uni
The suffix –huni is part of the set of suffixes of the intransitive coordinative, which also functions as
mild imperative:
Chart 4
sg
du
pl

First
-luäa
-lunuk-luta

Second-lutin-lusik-lus(r)i

Third
-luni
-lutik-lutiä

This distinction between realized and unrealized action, as evidenced by voiced and voiceless initialconsonants of the coordinative intransitive suffixes, is further confirmed by the same distinction in thetransitive coordinative suffixes, i.e. –âugu/âugik/âugich vs. –lugu/lugik/lugich (see Appendix 2). The factthat [x] is really a sequence of /k/ plus /h/ and that [X] is really a sequence of /q/ plus /h/ is an exampleof the grammar determining the orthography (correct spelling of words).
The following examples further verify the correctness of this analysis, each example illustrating one
possible suffix in chart 3:
Action realized:
Aäayukâiq nuliaqtuaq tuqupluni qitunàaitáuni.
The oldest brother married and died having no children.
Tautuäniàaa Putu nalaruaq uunaqâuktitluni.
He saw Putu lying [in bed] and having a fever.
Siqiñiq nipianikhuni.

When the sun had already set or, after the sun had set.
Tavra makitiqhuni niqâiuàutiaqsiñiàai.
Then getting up she began serving them food.
Action unrealized:
Agaayulusri ataramik.
Pray at all times.
Kiñapayaaq isrumaniàumi makitaniáuni payaäaiááuni,If anyone thinks that he is standing unshakably,

16Quviasrugusri takku piqaqtusri niàiukkamik.
Be happy because you have hope.
Aggiäitchuq savautipkaàiaàuni, aglaan savautrityaqhuni.
He didn’t come to be served, but to serve.
Orthography needs to be directed by grammar, the morphology.
Syllable Patterns
Iñupiatun syllables have the following types (where V represents a vowel and C represents a
consonant): V, VV, CV, CVV, VC, VVC, CVC, CVVC, so that the formula for the syllable in Iñupiatun
looks like (C)V(V)(C); a symbol in parenthesis is optional. A syllable needs at least one vowel, but canhave two vowels and one consonant at either end. A syllable is open if it has this pattern: V, VV, CV,
CVV; it ends in a vowel. A syllable is closed if it has this pattern: VC, VVC, CVC, CVVC; it ends in aconsonant.
A syllable never begins or ends with two consonants. However, some postbases begin with two
consonants. If such a postbase is added to a base ending with a consonant, then the base-final consonant
is dropped. For example, if the postbase –llautaq- ‘good, fine’ is added to uvluq ‘day’ it results inuvlullautaq ‘good day’. If a long word needs to be broken at the end of a line, and such word has a
postbase that begins with two consonants (as in above example), the division falls between the
consonants, i.e. uvlul-lautaq.
Similarly, if two vowels precede a base-final consonant, which will drop out when followed by avowel-initial postbase, then a consonant is added to prevent a three-vowel cluster. For example, if the
postbase –uraq- ‘small, soft’ is added to umiaq ‘boat’ it results in umiaäuraq ‘small boat’. If a long wordneeds to be broken at the end of a line, and a postbase that begins with a vowel is added, then thedivision follows the vowels so that the inserted consonant stays with the following syllable, i.e. umiaäuraq.

GRAMMATICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The grammar of each language is unique, so one would expect that Iñupiatun is vastly different fromEnglish. It is not the purpose of this introduction to summarize its complete grammatical structure.
However, an awareness of certain differences between Iñupiatun and English is particularly helpful forusers of a lexicon of this type.
In English, word order is a dominant factor in determining meaning. In Iñupiatun, word order is notessential. In Iñupiatun, the use of inflectional endings is very important in order to determine thefunction or meaning. In English, the subject of a transitive and an intransitive sentence are alike(nominative). In Iñupiatun, the subject (or ‘topic’) of the transitive sentence is called ergative or relativecase. Subsequently, there is a parallel between the object of a transitive and the subject of an intransitive
sentence, which are both in the absolutive case. In English, important distinctions are made based on
gender – whether a thing or a person is male, female, or neuter. Such gender does not exist in Iñupiatun,and suffix inflection for third person always refers to ‘he/she/it.’ In English, a noun usually has an article
17

associated with it (non-specific: ‘a’ or specific: ‘the’). In Iñupiatun, such an article is not used. In
English, grammatical tense (past, present, future) is important. In Iñupiatun, there is no past tense;
rather, events are classified as to whether the action is realized or not realized yet and are expressed on
the surface level by additional morphemes. In English, tense is referring to the time of the action. In
Iñupiatun, aspect refers to the type of the action (its beginning, duration, completion, or repetition andwithout reference to its position in time; these aspect modifications are expressed by postbases, see
below). In English, word classification is different. The rules that govern the structure of a sentence andits many components (syntax) are very complex. In Iñupiatun, a single verb is (almost) always equivalent
to an entire sentence in English. So, where English has a very complex sentence structure, Iñupiatun has
a very complex verb structure. In Iñupiatun, there is no clear-cut dichotomy between nouns and verbs.
For example, one might hear, “Did they go boating?” for “Did they use a boat to ride around?” This
process is called incorporation, which changes a noun stem to function as verb by adding a postbase to
the noun stem (see –taq in example 2 or –si in example 4 below). Such incorporation affects thetransitivity of the resulting word. Iñupiatun uses intransitive inflection on a transitive verb with a nonspecific object, and then marks it with the modalis-case. There is no equivalent for that in English.
English uses prepositions (such as, to, into, up, above, etc) whereas Iñupiatun uses post-positional cases(see Appendix 6). Almost all of the English prepositions are included within the semantic areas of thesesix cases.
The Iñupiatun language is a polysynthetic language. It has three types of words – the expandableinflective, the inflective, and the non-inflective. The expandable-inflective words make up the largest
group; this group includes noun and verb stems, positional base words, personal and indefinite pronouns,
and demonstrative adverbs. The inflective group of words is the group of demonstrative pronouns. The
third group comprises conjunctions, the interjections, and the enclitics (a word that is treated inpronunciation as forming a part of a preceding word and that is often unaccented or contracted; forexamples, see below).
All stems of the expandable-inflective type (verbs, nouns, and post-bases) behave in the same manner.
They are divided into seven classes (see Appendix 7) based on whether a stem ends in a vowel (“V”) ora double vowel (“VV”), in the consonant –n (with the underlying form of –ti), or in –q or –k.
Some stems name things and are commonly referred to as nouns; some other stems name events andare commonly referred to as verbs. For example, nanuq ‘polar bear’ names an animate and umiaq ‘boat’names an inanimate thing, while tautuk- ‘see’, tuqqut- ‘kill’, tuqu- ‘die, be dead’, or uvakäauti- ‘takesomething from here’ refer to an event. Iñupiatun allows morphemes (smallest grammatical unit of alanguage) to enter between a stem (base) and its ending (suffix); they are called ‘postbases’ and cannot
stand alone. The ending (or suffix) indicates the relationship between words, which is the grammaticalinformation about person, number, tense, mood, and voice (for verbs) or about the post-positional case orpossession (for nouns). These endings are commonly referred to as inflection, thus the designation“expandable-inflective” for these words.
A special comment about transitivity is needed here. Verbs are used in language to describe an
action (i.e. tuqqut- ‘kill’), a state of being (i.e. tuqu- ‘die, be dead’), or a change of being (process, i.e.
tuquliäa- ‘wilt’). The person or thing that does the action is called the actor. If there is someone orsomething that receives the action, he/she/it is called the goal. If a verb does have a goal, it is called atransitive verb, because the action passes over from the actor to the goal; one might say, the action“transits.” For example, in the English sentence, “Putu hits his brother,” Putu is the actor, the brother is18the goal, and the hitting is the action that passes (transits) from the actor to the goal. (A transitive
sentence shows the subject/actor in the relative/ergative case and the object/goal in the absolutive case.)
Verbs that do not have a goal are called intransitive verbs. An English example could be, “Putu sleeps.”
Putu is the actor, sleeping is the “action,” but there is no goal at all.
A person does not use isolated items of the vocabulary. In real life, words are connected into coherent
speech, using all available components of the language. A single word in Iñupiatun may be theequivalent to an entire sentence in English, for example,
Example 1
Base Ending
Base Ending
Base
Postbase
Ending Enclitic
Putu -(ä)(u)m Akâaq-q
Tuqqut-(s)uk+-(k)aa +-guuq
Putu Rel/Erg BearAbs
to kill to want to
3s/3s
it is said
Putum
akâaq
tuqqutchukkaa-guuq
Putu
bear
(he) wants to kill (it), they said.
Example 2
Base
P-b
Ending Enclitic
Base
P-b
P-b
P-b
P-b
EndingAànaq -(ä)uraq
-q
+guuq
qiruk
-taq
-niaq +-(k)aqsi
-niq
tuq
woman
littleAbs
it is said firewood go after intent
beginevident
3s
Aànauraà-àuuq
qiruktaàniagaqsiñiqsuq.
Once a little woman
began to go out to look for firewood.
Example 3
Base
Postbase
Postbase Ending
tupiq-(à)ik-niq
tutin
house to have s-t good evident
2sTupiàiäñiqsutin.
You have a nice house.
Example 4
Base
P-b
P-b
P-b
EndingUmiaq -(q)pak -si -(s)uk
tuq
boat
big
buy want
3sg
Umiaqpaksisuktuq.
He wants to buy a big boat.
The postbases in the four examples above show first a modal auxiliary or “helping verb,” here -(s)uk‘to want’. The second example shows a number of different postbases. The first of these modifies a nounand leaves it a noun, here –uraq- ‘small, soft’. The second word in the second example includes a
postbase that changes a noun into a verb, -taq- ‘go after’, and other postbases that allow the new stem toremain a verb, such as –niaq- ‘inceptive’ (planned action to start soon), -(k)aqsi- ‘begin,’ and –niq‘evidential’ again. The third example demonstrates first a modal auxiliary, here -(à)ik- ‘to havesomething good’ and second a comment, here –niq ‘evidential’. The fourth example shows first a
postbase that modifies the noun -(q)pak- ‘big’, and then a postbase that changes a noun stem into a verb
–si- ‘buy, get’ and the modal auxiliary -(s)uk- ‘want’ again.
19

The examples above also show inflectional endings (or suffixes). These are grouped in charts,
showing possession or position for nouns, and showing transitive and intransitive endings for verbs(see Appendix 2). All nouns fall into seven classes (see Appendix 7). If a noun functions inthe subject/topic position, it must display the marker -(ä)(u)m, the ending (suffix) for the relative/
ergative case. All charts show the relative/ergative either as –m or as –um. The additional –ä is needed
when this ending attaches to a foreign name. For example, the whole ending is needed when adding it toa name ending in a consonant that does not normally end a word in Iñupiatun, such as Judas-äum.
The second group of Iñupiatun words is labeled “inflective” because they are inflected in various
ways, but they cannot be expanded. This group includes personal pronouns, which are used for emphasis
mainly, also all demonstrative pronouns. See Appendix 8 and 10.
The last group of Iñupiatun words is non-inflective. Interjections and conjunctions, for example,
cannot be inflected. This group also includes enclitics. These particles are often added to a word, whichusually translates into an entire English sentence. The first of the four example of Iñupiatun sentences
above includes the enclitic -guuq ‘it is said’. Another such enclitic is -lu ‘and’ in the example Matulig-lu
aniqatni-áu iñuuniaàuuruask Qikiqtaàruämi ‘Matulik and her brother used to live in Kotzebue’. Noticethat the -lu is added to the name and the following noun. A number of these enclitics are listed in thelexicon. Another enclitic is –suli ‘still, yet’ in the sample, Niàiuktuksrauvisa-suli atlamik? ‘Should we
wait for another one?’

DICTIONARY FORMAT
Iñupiatun words are listed in alphabetical order, with homonyms listed separately and given numbers.
The Standard English order of alphabetization is followed, except that digraphs such as /ch/ and /sr/ arealphabetized as if the letters were single writing symbols. The order of the Iñupiatun alphabet is: a, ch,g, à, h, i, k, l, á, â, ã, m, n, ñ, ä, p, q, r, s, sr, t, u, v, and y.
Iñupiatun entries consist of stems. For example, iàñq is a root for the stem iàñiq ‘son’; a vowel isinserted to change the root into an acceptable stem. A stem can be expanded by a postbase. For example,
the stem saluma- ‘to be clean’ can be expanded by the postbase –it- ‘to be/have not’; the resulting newstem carries its own meaning, salumait- ‘to be dirty’. Derived words, on the other hand, are listed as
subentries and are indented under the word from which it is derived. The stem of the demonstrative
adverb piñña ‘in backward direction’ can be modified by positional case endings. For example, piñuäa‘toward back there’ (more variations on these demonstrative adverbs in charts in Appendix 10). I used
only one degree of indentation to show derivation in this dictionary, for example piñuäaq- vi. to go
toward back there’ (focus: actor) and piñuäauti- vt. ‘to take toward back there’ (focus: goal).
Conventions
A main entry in this dictionary is printed in bold and larger type than the English definitions. Entries differ
from each other:
1. Nouns are entered without addition, for example aapa ‘father’. After the main entry, an ‘n’designates this entry as a noun.

20

2. Verbs are entered by adding a hyphen, for example aaq- ‘to raise one’s head’. A ‘vi’ or ‘vt’
follows the entry, which informs the user that a particular verb stem is either intransitive(without object) or transitive (with object). Every entry with a hyphen is automatically a verb.
(I have followed other dictionaries in this convention.) The hyphen indicates that this entry is
not a full word, but that an inflectional suffix is needed to complete the word.
3. All verb definitions start out with ‘to …’, which is the traditional way to designate an action ina dictionary.
4. Many verbs have a definition ‘to be …’ and describe a state, for example maptu- ‘to be thick’.
Iñupiatun uses these stative verbs to fulfill the function of an adjective, with the correct
inflectional suffixes.
5. All enclitics show a hyphen before the letters of the enclitic, such as –guuq ‘it is said’
6. This dictionary lists words mainly for the NANA region. However, some words seem to be
specific to the coastal area of this region. These entries have a (C) for ‘coastal’ behind them.
These words are often very similar to the North Slope dialect in Barrow.
7. If an entry has more than one meaning, each is marked with a number.
Definitions
The English definitions in this dictionary have been carefully chosen to reflect the meaning of theIñupiatun word as well as possible. Many different speakers of the language have contributed to this
dictionary over many years. A user might find a definition that does not totally agree with his/her
understanding of the entry. Many other speakers have given their opinion about the meaning of thewords. It is possible that other (older) speakers had or have knowledge of the term that some of us do
not have anymore; it is equally possible that I (the editor) have misunderstood the meaning these older
speakers associated with the word. The user of this dictionary is encouraged to be tolerant with theinsight of other people, and learn another meaning of a word, if it differs from his/her own.
I have tried to add a sample sentence (or two) to the definition to show how the word is used.
Moreover, I have used variant: to show variations of the entry. Likewise, with Syn: I point to synonyms.
When there are other entries that are related in meaning, the term See: is used. For example, agga ‘acrossthere, moving/extended’ has two synonyms ikka (itcha) and akma. The user will find that these two
entries also inform about ‘across there’ but with a different focus. The user is also encouraged to See:aani, auäa, aakäa, and auna. Each of these terms relates back to agga, but with a post-positional caseending. The user will find subentries to each term under each of these entries, which are extensions of
the entries. For example, under aakäa ‘from across there’ two subentries are listed: aakäaq- ‘to comefrom across there’ and aakäauti- ‘to bring from across there (focus:goal)’.
The best way to use the dictionary is to experiment with it. I encourage you, the user, to look up an
entry and let yourself be guided through the wealth of words. You may learn about new things, you may
learn new meanings for a word that you thought you knew, or you may simply be happy that you wereconfirmed in your understanding of the word.
Abbreviations in the Dictionaryabl
adj

ablative case (location from where, or comparison [i.e. ‘bigger than …’])
adjective (a modifier of a noun or pronoun)

21

adv

abs
base
conj
dem.adv
dem.pronder.afdisc

du/dual
encl

excl
gram
lit
loc
mod
n
pl/plurpos.adv
pos.baseprefix
pron
rel
quest
sg/sing
sim
ter
vi
via
voc
vt

adverb (a modifier of a verb, another adverb or an adjective, expressing somerelation of manner or quality, place, time, degree, number, cause, opposition,affirmation, or denial)
absolutive case (noun or pronoun in the object position in a transitive sentence,or in the subject position in an intransitive sentence)root for certain words: for personal pronouns, for positional words, and for three ‘proverbs’
conjunction (used to connect two parts of a sentence, for example aglaan ‘but’)demonstrative adverb (see Appendix 10)
demonstrative pronoun (see Appendix 10)
derivational affix – this is the label for each postbase. It is derivational in that itderives a new word or expanded meaning; it is an affix in that it attaches to a stem.
discourse (a linguistic unit, as a conversation or a story, larger than a sentence);
here: especially marking what result the entry elicits, for example amaàaa ‘right,
isn’t it so?’ which expects a yes/no answer in the conversation.
dual (two people acting or receiving the action)
enclitic, a particle, which is phonologically bound to the preceding host. For
example, -ami ‘I mean’ in Paniàuma-ami ‘I am saying, if I get thin’. The enclitic is
separated by a hyphen in some dictionaries or grammars.
exclamation (sometimes referred to as interjection)
grammar, here especially marking postbases according to form, i.e. “n-v”
literally
locative case (location where)
modalis case (marks a non-specific object, or an instrument)nounplural (three or more people acting or receiving the action)
related to positional bases (cf.). These words express location or direction.
positional bases are a group of nouns, which do not normally appear without apossessed ending (or special postbase for this kind of base). Despite the fact thatthe system of positional bases parallels that of the demonstratives to a large degree,
positional bases are not related in form to the demonstratives.
referring to the only prefix, ta-, which is used for emphasis before demonstratives
pronoun, used for personal pronouns, for example iluqata ‘all of us’, as well as
indefinite pronouns, for example, atla ‘another’.
relative/ergative case – marks the subject/topic of a transitive sentencequestion word, for example suvaata? ‘why?’
singular (a single person acting or receiving the action)
similaris case (comparison, i.e. like …, in the manner of …)
terminalis case (location to where, or marking subject of subordinate clause)verb intransitive
vialis case (location through which, or means by which)vocative (a form to address a person)verb transitive22IÑUPIATUN-ENGLISH

23

24

aa

aanàuaài-

A - a
aa

excl. yes; oh! aagaluaq yes, probably aavaluk
yes, maybe Syn: ii.
aaexcl. expression of surprise.
aa- (C) vi. 1) to hold one's breath. Aniqammiuraq
aaraàaqtuq qiaâallakami-takku. The
newborn always holds its breath when it cries somuch, that's why. Syn: ui-. 2) to convulse(baby).
aachigaaä excl. expression of fear. Variant:aachikkaaä.
aachikkaaä! excl. danger! fear expression. Variant:aachigaaä.
aagaluaq excl. yes, certainly. Syn: iigaluaq.
aagruuk n. 1) morning star. 2) two adjacent stars in
winter.
aagun n. knife used for skinning animals starting at
the mouth, without cutting through the hide.
Syn: iqquliñ. Variant: aaksiñ.
aaàaaääuaq- vt. to imitate a loon's call. See:qalàusraaq-.
aaàaaq- vi. to call (of a loon).
aaàaayiq (C) n. elf, goblin (in Eskimo legends,
little person with a big head who travels bybouncing on hips and whose cry scares people;
foreshadows bad event for person who hears it).
Syn: iàaaq; naaluääiaq.
aaàiak n. upper back. Syn: quliik. See: kaisrik;
kiasrik. Variant: aaàirrak.
aaàirrak n. 1) depression between shoulders. Syn:pikuk; pikusuk; pikusruk. See: aaàiak.
2) mountain pass. See: itivliq; itivyaaq.
aaàlu n. 1) tack. 2) killer whale.
aaàluq- vi. to look up, raise head or chin. Syn: aaq-.
aahaaliq n. oldsquaw duck. Clangula hyemalis.
Variant: aaqhaalliq; ahaaliq.
aak- (C) vt. to skin an animal (starting at the mouth
without cutting into the hide). Syn: amiiq-;
amiiqsi-; iqquli-; nayuk-.
aaka n. mother. Variant: aana.
aakaksraq n. stepmother.
aakaruaq n. mother-in-law. Variant: aanaruaq.
aakatchiaq (C) n. older sister. Variant: aakauraq;
aakiyaaq.
aakauraq n. older sister. Variant: aakatchiaq;
aakiyaaq; atauraq.
aakiyaaq n. older sister. Variant: aakatchiaq;
aakauraq.
aakkuu n. skill game (involving two teams in which
one team chants a tune, while one person holds

25

an object, swinging it and daring one of theiropponents to take it without laughing). Syn:iglaqusraaq; maàauraq.
aakkuuq- vi. to play a game of aakkuu.
aakäa dem.adv. from across there. See: agga.
Variant: aaääa.
aakäaq- vi. to come from across there.
aakäauti- vt. to bring from across there (focus:goal).
aaksiñ n. knife used to skin an animal from themouth. Syn: iqquliñ. Variant: aagun.
aaktaq n. skin (removed from an animal by skinningit from the mouth, without cutting hide).
aalàu- vi. to menstruate. See: aunaaqsruq-.
aaâhuuq- (C) vi. to swing. Syn: aäaâhisaaq-.
Variant: aasrhuuq-.
aaâhuuqtaq- to swing continuously, to swing
uninterrupted for some time. Variant:aasrhuuqtaq-.
aana n. grandmother.
aanannak- to "gain" a grandmother (throughadoption, or kindness). Variant: aananik-.
aana n. mother. Variant: aaka.
aanaakâiq (C) n. large round-nosed whitefish. Syn:qaalàiq; qalupiaq; qalusraaq; qausriáuk;
quptik; siraatchiaq; tipuk.
aanaakâiqsiun n. net (with large holes for whitefish).
Syn: qausriáuksiun.
aanaalik n. dried salmon with eggs included.
aanaksraq n. cooked fish (ingredient used inakutuq).
aanalik n. mixture of fat, fish or meat added toakutuq.
aanaluk (C) n. old woman, spinster. Syn:uiáuaqtaq; uiñiäniàiáaaq.
aanaruaq n. 1) grandmother. 2) mother-in-law.
Variant: aakaruaq.
aanaruiñ kiviruq n. water ouzel (small thrush-likebird that dives into water for insects; also called
dipper). Lit: 'your grandmother sank'. Cinclus
mexicanus.
aanaruiñ suliuqpa n. savannah sparrow. Lit: 'what
is your grandmother doing?'. Passerculus
sandwichensis.
aanauraq n. mother duck (with chicks). Lit: 'little
grandmother'.
aanàuaài- vt. to have as an object of worship.
Putum siqiñiq aanàuaàigaa. Putu worships
the sun.

aanàuaq
aanàuaq n. 1) amulet, charm. Aäutim aanàuani

qaaäiqsitkaa nakuaàmikkaàmiñun. A man
passed on his amulet to the one he favored(children). Syn: tupitkaq. 2) idol. Syn:agaayyutiääuaq.
aanàuaq- vt. to worship, have as an idol. Putu
aanàuaqtuqtuq uyaàamik. Putu worships astone. Variant: aanàuaài-.
aanàuaqtuqti n. idolator. Syn: sayuäari.
aanàurri- vt. to make an idol. Aäun aanàurriruq
iñuämik. A man made an idol of a person.
aani dem.adv. located across there in general. See:
agga.
aaniaäagun through the general area acrossthere (vialis).
aaniaäani located in the general area acrossthere (locative).
aaniaäaniñ from the general area across there(ablative).
aaniaäanun toward the general area across there(terminalis).
aannagutaaq- (C) vt. to delay; to procrastinate.
Syn: aqagutaaq-; ayuuqi-; maatnagutaaq-;
uvlaakkutaaq-. Variant: aatnagutaaq-.
aannik- (C) vt. 1) to contract a communicabledisease. Syn: tigupquti-. 2) to take someone's
possession because of greed or jealousy.
Variant: aatnik-.
aañaaäaa! (C) excl. how cute! Variant: anaäaa!
aañaäaaq- (C) vt. to flatter someone, to wow
someone. See: igligutchak-. Variant:anaäaaq-.
aañuäuuraaä! (C) voc. My dear One! (Vocative,
addressing someone). Syn: paniiä; tutiiä.
Variant: anaäauraaä!
aaäa- vi. to be obstinate; to be stubborn, to be
haughty, to act against better advice. Variant:aaäaaq-; aaäaraq-.
aaäaaq- vi. to be troublesome. Syn: aggaäa-;
iâuirrutau-.
aaäasriàaq- vi. to be proud, to be haughty, to bearrogant. Syn: kamasraaq-.
aaäit- vi. to be arrogant, to be haughty, to act against
better advice. Syn: kamasraaq-;
kamanausruk-.
aaääa (C) dem.adv. from across there. See: agga.
Variant: aakäa.
aaääaq- vi. to come from across there.
aaääauti- vt. to bring from across there (focus:goal).
aapa n. father. Variant: taata.
aapaiáaq n. illegitimate child. Variant: taataiáaq.
aapaksraq n. stepfather. Variant: taataksraq.
aaparuaq n. father-in-law.

aasruakaapiyaq n. older brother. Variant: aniäa.
aapyaäaaq- vi. to be slightly retarded, to behave

awkwardly. Aànaq aapyaäaaqtuq. The
woman is slightly retarded.
aaq- vi. to raise one's head. Aaàuä niaqun! Raise
your head! Variant: aaàluq-.
aaqanuq (C) excl. guess so, maybe so.
aaqhaalliq n. oldsquaw duck. Clangula hyemalis.
Variant: aahaaliq.
aaqqaa! excl. it stinks!
aaqqaala- vi. to speak about offensive odor, tonotice bad odor. Aaqqaalanak! Don't say "itstinks!"aaqqaaäu- vi. to be odorous, to be smelly.
Ittakkuvik aaqqaaäuruq. The garbage dump
stinks! See: kimnaq-; tipliq-; ikisuänit-.
aaqsallaiq- (C) vi. to laugh uncontrollably. Syn:
ipputigi-.
aaqsiutchiq- vt. to put [broken arm] in sling for rest.
aaqsiuttaq n. arm-sling, arm-splint. Putum
aaqsiutchiqãugu talaiqtuaq. Putu put his
broken arm in a sling. Variant: aaqsuuttaq.
aaqtit- vt. to raise someone's head. Ki, aaqtillugu
niaqua. Go ahead, raise his head up. See:aaàluq-.
aaquaksraatchiaq n. old woman. See:
utuqqanaaq; aäugaatchiaq.
aaquaksraluuraq n. game played in moonlight,
where children sit in two lines of equal number
while one child plays 'the old woman' and asks
members of one line what they would like fromthe moon, which the other line must provide.
aaquaksraq n. old woman. Variant: aaquk;
aaquaksraatchiaq.
aaquaq- vi. to grow old (of a woman).
Aaquagaqsiruäa. I am becoming an old
woman. See: aaquk.
aaquk n. old woman. Variant: aaquaksraq.
aarigaa! excl. expression of pleasure: nice!
aarigaaäu- vi. to be fine, nice, good.
aasivak n. spider. See: akâauraq.
aasrhuuq- (C) vi. to swing. Syn: aäaâhisaaq-.
Variant: aaâhuuq.
aasrhuuqtaq- to swing continuously, to swing
uninterrupted for some time. Variant:aaâhuuqtaq-.
aasriiñ conj. and, and_then. Variant: aasiiñ. [Disc:
used consecutively]
aasriiñ-uvva conj. and then this. Variant:aasiiñ-uvva. [Disc: introduces a change ofsubject]aasrivak n. spider. Syn: akâauraq. Variant:aasivak.
aasruak n. spider. Syn: akâauraq. Variant:

26

aat-

agaayyiaqtuqaasrivak.

aat- vt. to accompany, to deliver. Putum iàñiäa

aanniaàaa. Putu accompanies his son.
Aallakpiñ amuäa. Let me bring you overthere.
aatai! excl. exclamation of disapproval.
Aataikuqsiiñ, suuraaqpich? What's thematter, what are you doing?
aatauraq (C) n. older sister. Variant: aakauraq;
aakiyaaq.
aatchaq- vi. to open one's mouth, to open a trap, toopen (of a crack).
aatchaqtit- vi. to pant. Tuttut qimaktuat
aatchaqtittut paäalikamiä. Fleeing caribou
are panting from running.
aatchaqtu- (C) vi. to be wide. Imiq
aatchaqtusiáiàñiàaa. Water (gap between land
and ice) got wider. Syn: ikiqtu-.
aatchauq- vi. 1) to yawn. 2) to hatch. Tiämiurat
autchauàniqpat? Did the birds hatch already?
Manniich aatchauyasriuraäniqsut. Bird eggs
are about to hatch.
aatchauqtuäiaq n. fledgling. Variant:aatchauqtuäiq.
aatchauqtuäiq n. young bird, already dried.
aatchukisaaq- (C) vi. to seesaw, to jump on a
jumping board. Syn: ipuktaaq-. Variant:aatchakisaaq-.
aatchukisaun n. jumping board, seesaw. Syn:
ipuktaaàun; ipuktaun; ipuktaq.
aatchuniàluun (C) n. curse. Syn: nipliñiqâuun;taiyuaniqâuun; uqapiáuâiq.
aatchuq- vt. to give. Putum aatchuàniàaa
qaluämik iáannani. Putu gave his friend fish.
Putu aatchuiruq qaluänik iáannaàmiñun.
Putu gave some fish to his friend. Putum qaluk
aatchuutigigaa iáannaàmiñun. Putu gave afish to his friend. Variant: aatchui-;aatchuutigi-.
aatchuun n. gift.
aatchuutai ilitqusiàiksuam gifts of the Spirit.
aatchuutauniaqtuaq n. grant.
aatiq- vt. to fight and snatch. Qipmim aatiàaa
qipmiq niqautaanik. A dog fights for the food[that belongs to another] dog. Syn: aqsak-. See:aatnik-.
aatautraq- to fight over s.t. and trying to take itfrom each other.
aatnagutaaq- vt. to delay, to procrastinate. Syn:aqagutaaq-; ayuqi-; maatnagutaaq-;
tikiutchiq-; uvlaakkutaaq-. Variant:aannagutaaq-.
aatnik- vi. to contract a communicable disease.
Aäun atniàñautmik aatniktuq. The man

27caught a disease. Syn: tigupquti-. Variant:aannik-.
aatnik- vt. 1) to snatch. Tulugaq aatniktuq
qipmim niqautaanik. Raven snatched the
dog's food. See: aatiq-. 2) to take someone's
possession because of greed or jealosy. Aäun
aatniktuq atlam aànaatnik. A man took
someone else's wife (away). Variant: aannik-.
aatnuguqman excl. wait!, in a little while. Syn:maatnuguqman; maatnagu. Variant:aatnagu.
aatqatik n. mittens. Syn: aiqpak.
aavri- (C) vt. to bother, to needle, to tease, to pester(as to distract). Syn: aäniqsruq-; iáaksia-;
maagri-; papri-; sanmikãiq-.
aayaaäa- vi. to be dizzy. Aayaaäaliqsuäa. I am
getting dizzy. Variant: aiyaaäa-.
aayuàaq n. 1) perpendicular pressure ridge in ice.
2) crack in ice (which currents continually keepfrom freezing solid). Syn: quppaq.
agaayu- vi. to pray. Syn: iäiqsruq-. Variant:aäaayu-.
agaayuliqsi n. minister, pastor, missionary; priest(in temple service). Syn: quliaqtuaqti; uqaqti.
Variant: aäaayuliqsi.
agaayuliqsiqpak n. High Priest (Jesus). Syn:agaayuliqsit qaukâiat.
agaayuliqsit qaukâiat n. high priest (temple); chief
priest (temple). Syn: agaayuliqsi. See:agaayuliqsiqpak.
agaayuâiq n. prayer. Syn: iäiqsruâiq. Variant:aäaayuâiq.
agaayumaaàvigi- vt. to worship. Aäutim
agaayumaaàvigigaa Agaayyun. The man
worshipped God. Variant: aäaayumaaàvigi-.
agaayumaaq- vt. to worship. Sivulliavut
agaayumaaàuurut uvani. Our ancestors used
to worship here. Variant: aäaayumaaq-.
agaayuniqpak n. Christmas celebration.
Agaayuniqpakmata napaaqtuq
kivaniittaqtuq. When they celebrate Christmas
the tree is way inside.
agaayuq n. boss, foreman, ruler, leader.
agaayuqaun n. 1) greatness (of God). 2) kingdom(of God). See: aäaayuqaun.
agaayusriqiraupiaq n. God-fearing person, pious,
devout person. Variant: aäaayusiqiraupiaq.
agaayusriqirauq n. Christian, godly person. Lit:'someone involved in prayer'. Syn:ukpiqsrirauq.
agaayusriqiraut n. church: the believers. Syn:ukpiqsriraut.
agaayyiaqtuq- vi. to be gone to worship. Aäutim
agaayyiaqtuqugaaäa. The man wants me toagaayyun
go to church. Variant: aäaayyiaqtuq-.

agaayyun n. God. Variant: aäaayyun.
agaayyusriqi- vi. to be godly, to be devout. Syn:agaayyutikuaqtuaq-. See: agaayyutilik.

agaayyutaiãiq n. ungodliness.
agaayyutait- vi. to be ungodly (person, attitude, etc).
agaayyutikuaàiaq n. the Christian way of life.
agaayyutikuaqtuaq- vi. to be godly. Syn:agaayyusriqi-.

agaayyutikun atuutit n. church songs.
agaayyutilik n. godly person; devout person.
Agaayyutim Uqaâhi n. scripture, God's Word.
agaayyutiääuaq n. false god, idol. Syn: aanàuaq.
Variant: aäaayyutiääuaq.

agaayyutiääuaqti n. Anti-Christ. Syn:akiáiááiqsuqti Christ.

agaayyutiqaâiq n. spirituality.
agaayyutiqaq- vi. to be spiritual. Lit: 'to have God'.
Syn: irrusriàiksuaq-.

agaayyutyaq- vi. to be gone to pray. Aäun

agaayutyaàniqsuq. The man has gone in orderto pray. Variant: aäaayyutyaq-.
agaayyuvigi- vi. to worship. Syn: purvigi-.
agaayyuvigiâiq n. worship service.
agaayyuvik n. church building. Variant:aäaayyuvik.
agaayyuvikpak n. temple (Bible: place of worshipin Jerusalem). Syn: ipqitchuaq palapkaaq.
agaayyuviáiqiri n. church worker.
agak- vt. to do damage to things or reputation. Aäun
agaäniqsuq iáannaäan umiaäanun. The man
does damage to his friend's boat. Syn:piyaquâuk-; piyaqtai-; siqupsi-.
agak- vt. 1) to provoke anger, to incite to anger, toenrage. 2) to tease, to pester. Syn:uumisaaqâiq-; pisaayugaq-.
agga dem.adv. across there: moving/extended. Syn:ikka (itcha); akma. See: aani, auäa, aakäa,
auna - see charts.
aggagiitkutaq n. barrier or any device used to keep
something from slipping off.
aggaäa- vi. to be troublesome. Syn: aaäaaq-;
iâuirrutau-.
aggaäaaq n. trouble maker.
aggaäait- vi. to be gentle.
aggaq- vt. to loosen. Aäutim aggaàaa aklâunaaq
paugamiñ. The man loosened the rope from thepost.
aggaq- vi. to come loose because of rough weather.
Akâunaaq aggaàniqsuq paugaàmiñiñ
qaiáiàuqman. The rope came loose from its
post because of rough water.
aggiq- vi. to come. Syn: qaàaiñ-.
aggiqi- vt. 1) to arrive. Qanniaäan aggiqiniàaa.

aglaktitchiri
His order has arrived. 2) to return home (after
time of absence, the event causing joy). Putu
aggiqiniàaa aànaata. His wife returned home
to Putu. See: utiqtit-; utquti-.
aggisi- vt. to take someone home. Syn: aäiáàauti-.
aggiuti- vt. to bring.
aggiutruq- to keep bringing, to keep hauling.
aggun n. cause of corruption. Syn: asiäuun.
agi- (C) vi. to go home. Nukatpiat airut. The boys
came home. Syn: aäiáaaq-. Variant: ai-.
agiaàun n. file, rasp. Variant: agiun; agiaq.
agiaq n. file, rasp. Variant: agiun.
agigvigaq- vt. to launder, to wash on washboard.
agigvik n. washboard.
agik- vt. to file. Putu agiksuq ipiàautamiñik. Putu
is filing his axe.
agiun (C) n. file, rasp. Variant: agiaq.
agiuqsaaq- n. to pass closely. Nukatpiat
agiuqsaaqtiàaaäa. The boys passed close byme (impl. my vehicle).
agiurrun (C) n. nuisance, annoyance, something
painful. Syn: nagrutaq.
agiuti- vi. to rub. Umiak agiutiruk. The boats arerubbing each other.
agiutraq- to keep rubbing. Umiat agiutraqtut.
The boats keep rubbing against each other.
aglaaksraq n. writing (planned).
aglaan conj. but.
aglaaq n. writing (finished).
aglagaaq (C) n. multi-colored.
aglagiaq- vi. to go to school.
aglagvik n. 1) school. 2) desk.
aglagviksraq n. paper pad.
aglaiáaaq- vi. 1) to be blank. 2) to be patternless.
Variant: aglait-.
aglait- vi. 1) to be blank. 2) to be patternless. Variant:aglaiáaaq-.
aglaiyaun n. eraser.
aglak n. mark, letter, character, pencil line.
aglak- vt. to write, to mark. Syn: miñuk-;nalunaiqsi-; nalunaitäutchiq-; titiq-.
aglakpak n. upper-case letter, capital letter.
aglakpalik something that has big print.
aglaksuutit n. typewriter.
aglaksuutitaq- vt. to typewrite. Variant:aglaksuutitauti-.
aglaksuutitaqti n. typist.
aglaktaaq n. object of black and white color (e.g.
reindeer, fancy fur parka, etc.).
aglaktauq n. 1) student. 2) varicolored animal.
aglakti n. teacher. Syn: iáisautri. Variant:aglaktitchiri.
aglaktitaun n. fax machine.
aglaktitchiri n. teacher. Variant: aglakti.

28

aglaliqiri

aààutaqaglaliqiri n. 1) secretary. Variant: aglautri. 2) scribe(Bible). Syn: atuqtaksraliqiri.
aglaun n. pencil, pen.
aglauraq n. small letter, lower-case letter.
aglauti- vt. to write something. Variant: aglautri-.
aglautitaq- vi. to typewrite. Variant: aglautitauti-.
aglautitaqti n. typist. Variant: aglautiri.
aglautitaun n. typewriter. Variant: aglaksuutit.
agli- vi. to grow. Nukatpiaq agliruq. The boy is
growing.
agliài- vt. to avoid others (because of sickness or
superstition). Syn: pasiñaq-; quäuqsraq-. See:igáiq-; naäaq-; pasigi-; quäuài-.
agliànaq- vi. to be forbidden, to be taboo. See:nutaiqqi-; pitchaiái-.
agliàula- vi. to chatter from the cold (of teeth).
Qiqiliqpagitáuäa kigutitka agliàularut. I got
so cold that my teeth are chattering. Syn:kapkaluk-; tatiàiáa-.
agliàuq n. jar, mandible. Syn: aàlu.
agliáaaq- vt. to enlarge. Putum agliáaaàaa tuppi.
Putu is enlarging his house. Syn: inituqtaaq-.
agliñàaq- vi. to be pubescent, to be in puberty. Syn:aànaàuq-.
agliqi- vt. 1) to read. 2) to deliver mail.
aglisi- vt. to outgrow. Nukatpiam aglisigaa atigini.
The boy has outgrown his parka cover.
aglisuiáauraq n. midget, person/animal of little
growth, abnormally small. Syn: aglitchiiáaq.
aglisuit- vi. to grow slowly. Syn: aglitchiit-.
aglitchiiáaq n. midget, person/animal of little growth,abnormally small. Syn: aglisuiáauraq.
aglitchiit- vi. to grow slowly. Syn: aglisuit-.
aglitchik- vi. to grow fast.
agliusima- vi. to be written.
agliutraq n. picture. Syn: qiñiàaaq.
agliutriñ n. camera.
aglu n. 1) sled runner. Syn: apummaak; misaktiq;
siku; sikkuk. 2) earpiece of eyeglasses, temple.
Variant: agluviñiq.
agluaq- vi. to rip off (sled runner).
aglugi- vt. to run over (with vehicle).
agluq- vt. to cut the jaws from an animal's head.
agluutak n. 1) suspenders. Syn: iàrisik;natmautak. 2) mitten strings.
agluviñiq n. 1) sled runner (made of bone, used in
traditional times). 2) earpiece of eyeglasses,
temple. Variant: aglu.
agna (C) dem.pron. that one across there(Absolutive, sing.). See: akkuak, akkua.
Variant: aäna.
aktuma that one across there (Relative, sing.).
aktumani that one across there (locative).
aktumuäa toward that one across there29(terminalis).

aktumakäa from that one across there(ablative).

aktumuuna through that one across there(vialis).

aktumatun like that one across there (similaris).
agrumiäa that one across there, with that one
across there (modalis).

agraq- vt. 1) to bring. Agraqtuq suuranik

tupiàmiñun. He brings things to his house.
Syn: aksi-. 2) to haul.
agraqtuq- to haul (with repeated trips).
agruliàvik (C) n. December.
agrutaq (C) n. 1) bothersome person. 2) obstacle,
someone in the way. Syn: nagrutaq. See:avriutaq.
aguirrun (C) n. troublemaker, cause of all trouble.
Syn: agviñ.
aguummak n. basket (of baleen or grass). Variant:aguupmak.
aguummi- vi. to make a basket. Syn:kinaivruàausri-. Variant: aguupmi-.
aguupmak n. basket of baleen or grass. Variant:aguummak.
aguupmi- vt. to make a basket of baleen or grass.
Syn: kinaivruàausri-. Variant: aguummi-.
agviñ n. cause for trouble. Putu agvisauruq. Putu is
the reason for the trouble. Nipliutaa
agvisikpuk-tarra. What he said was the reason
for our trouble. Aapam agvisigigaa pania.
The father is the reason for his daughter's
trouble. Syn: aguirrun; navgiñ.
aàayuala- vi. to run around, to move back and forth(in various directions), to roam. See: niàuvruk-.
aàayyak- vi. to be upset. Syn: iâuiááiqsiq-.
aààallaaàik- vi. to be energetic, to be vigorous, to belively, to be bouncy.
aàài- vi. to dance (any style). See: aääauq-. Variant:aààipiaq-.
aààiñ atuun n. dance song.
aààiññaq (C) n. storage bag (of sealskin), knapsack,bag for hunting gear. Variant: aààitñaq.
aààipiaq- vi. to dance (Iñupiaq style). Syn: aäayu-;
sayuq-; uamit-; uyuk-. See: aääuaq-;
naqigáiuraq-; taliq-. Variant: aàài-.
aààiri n. dancer (Eskimo dance).
aààitñaq n. knapsack, storage bag. Variant:aààiññaq.
aààiun n. dance.
aààiunaq- vi. 1) to play excitedly. 2) to dance, tojump around happily.
aààutaq n. 1) container (made of dried animal
stomach or bladder). See: tuummaq. 2) term
used to address a distant relative.

aàiñaqaàiñaq- vi. to be wet.
aàit- vt. to dampen.
aàit- vi. to become damp.
aàitchiaq- vt. to soak.
aàiu- vi. to be tired of. Syn: minàuuti-. Variant:aàiusruknaq-.

aàiu- vi. to stop, to halt.
aàiusruknaq- vt. to be irritated. Putu

aàiusruknaàaa. Putu is irritated by it.

aàiva- (C) vt. to insult, to hurt emotionally. Syn:uqaala-.

aàligi- (C) vi. to feel uncomfortable about leaving

behind some part of the load (which one needed
to leave behind).
aàlik- (C) vt. to leave behind some part of load. Syn:
qimatchi-; unitchi-.
aàlu (C) n. mandible. Syn: agliàuq.
aànaàiksaaq n. beautiful woman.
aànaàiksaq- vt. to put make-up on, to beautify.
aànaàuq- vi. to be pubescent, to become a woman.
Syn: agliñàaq-.
aànaiáaaq n. young woman (in marriageable age).
Syn: aànauraq.
aànaiyaaq n. young girl not yet in teens. Variant:aànauraq.
aànaq n. 1) woman. Taamnauvva aànaàa. That one
is my wife. Syn: nuliaq; tuvaaqqan. 2) queen(in a deck of cards).
aànaqan n. cousin (mother's sister's child). Syn:uumaa. See: aäutauqan.
aànaqtaq n. woman object. item made for womenand usually used by them.
aànasalluq n. female animal. Variant: aànasralluq.
aànasuk n. bitch, female dog. Variant: aànasruk.
aànasralluq n. female animal. Variant: aànasalluq.
aànatuq- vi. to commit adultery (of a man). Lit: 'usea woman'. Syn: atlatuq-; aàniqi-. See:aäutituq-.
aànauniq n. 1) woman companion in a hunting party.
2) female cousin.
aànauraq n. young woman, of marriageable age. Syn:aànaiáaaq.
aànaviaq (C) n. female eider duck. Syn: mitiq.
aànavik- vi. to be coquettish. Syn: pivik-.
aàniqi- vt. to commit adultery (man pursuing
woman). Syn: aànatuq-; aäutituq-; atlatuq-.
aàniqiniuraq- vt. to flirt; to chase after women. Syn:pitqusrauraq-.
aàra n. 1) ash, powdery residue when something isburned. 2) gunpowder. 3) fire pail (used bywhaling crew).
aàramiu (C) n. 1) orphan. Syn: iáaipak. 2) drudge[derogatory]. Lit: 'inhabitant of ashes'.
aàvaalik n. female whale with calf accompanying it.

aippaagu
aàvaaq n. whale calf, baby whale. See: aàvaalik.
aàvak n. 1) palm of hand not including fingers. Syn:utummak. 2) edge of one's hand. 3) pads of
one's fingertips.
aàvak- vt. to catch a whale. Variant: aàvaaq-.
aàvaluk- (C) vi. to be round. See: aàvak. Variant:aqvaluk-; aqsravaluk-.
aàvaämik- (C) vt. to hit with the edge of one's
hand. See: aàvak.
aàviàluaq n. gray whale.
aàviñàaq n. strips of whale blubber for rendering oil.
aàviq n. bowhead whale.
aàyuk- (C) vi. to travel around. Syn: igliàaq-.
aàyuuq- (C) vi. 1) to travel fast. 2) to hurry. Syn:qilamiksruq-.
ai? quest. what? what did you say? See: suva?
ai- vi. to go home. Putu aitmuktuq. Putu is on his
way home. Syn: aäiáaaq-.
ai- vt. to fetch. Nukatpiaq aikãiqsuq qiruämik.
The young man is fetching some wood.
Nukatpiam qiruk aigaa. The young man has
gotten wood. Variant: aikãiq-.
aiàaq (C) n. edible root: Parry's wallflower. Parrya
nudicaulis. Syn: nakaaq; masru. See:nakautaq.
aiàun n. sleeve cuff.
aikãiq- vt. to fetch. Putu aikãiqsuq qattamik. Putu
fetched the pail. Syn: ai-.
aikãiqsukti n. policeman. See: aikãiq-.
aiáaq n. dampness, moisture. See: sikunaq.
aiáaq- vi. to be damp, to be wet. Syn: arruumaaq-.
aiáaqsi- vi. to become damp. Syn: arruk-.
aiái- vi. to eat lunch. Syn: qitiquutchiq-.
aiáiáàutaq n. lunch food. Syn: qitiquutaksraq.
aiáiãiq n. lunch time. Syn: qitiquutchiàvik.
aimaaàvik (C) n. home. Syn: kiñuniq.
aimmaànaq (C) n. antlerless female caribou,
barren caribou. Syn: nuààitáaiqsauq;
nagruiáaq.
aimmaq n. birch basket, berry bucket.
aimmi- vi. to remain at home, to stay home. Syn:aäiáaaqsima-.
aiñaq n. onion.
aiñiq n. pocket.
aiñiqsruq- vt. to reach into one's pocket trying tofind something.
aipa- vi. to be fresh, to be raw. Syn: uiáaq-.
aipallak- vi. to break silence, to speak up (after
silence in group). Syn: uqallak-. See:nipliááak-.
aipallauti- vt. to break silence about something, tospeak out. See: uqauti-; nipliuti-.
aipaluk- vi. to argue, to quarrel.
aippaagu adv. 1) in the far future. 2) year after year.

30aippaakakiaq-

aippaak n. second in a series, one of two equal parts.

Syn: alàiaq; tuglia.
aippaani adv. 1) some years ago, long ago, in the olddays. 2) year before last.
aippaanigu adv. in the far future. Syn: aippaagu.
aippaaniqnisaq n. ancient artifact, fossilized ivory.
Syn: imakäaqtaq; alàaqsaq; iäiáàaaqnisaq;
utuqqaqtaq.
aippaavak adv. past, all those years until now,
ancient times, time immemorial.
aippaàiik n. 1) two spouses married to same spouse.
2) pair of items belonging together.
3) orthography: double letters. See: atiruak.
aippaq n. 1) co-wife; one of several wives whoshare the same husband. 2) one of two, one of apair. Syn: aäutauqan.
aippiàñiq (C) n. Tuesday. Syn: ilaqatchiiãiq.
aippiq- (C) vi. 1) to get a companion, to become acompanion. Aippiääa! Join me! Syn:iáaqatchiq-. 2) to be Tuesday.
aiq- vi. to put one's arms into one's sleeves. Putu
aiqsuq. Putu put his arm into his sleeve.
Miiyuuk, aiàutin. Miiyuk, put your arms into
your sleeves. Syn: asiq-; qumik-.
aiq (C) n. sleeve.
aiqpak (C) n. mittens, elbow-length. Syn: aatqatik.
aisaq- (C) vi. to rush home. Syn: aäiáaaqsaq-.
aisaqtit- (C) vt. 1) enjoy food, to enjoy food that you
liked long ago. Lit: 'making it go home'. Iñuich
niqi aisaqtitkaat. People enjoy food verymuch. 2) to send someone home, to cause
someone to go home.
aisuliq- vi. to be homesick. Syn: aäiáaaàuliq-. See:paiáiñäu-.
aitchuivik (C) n. collection plate (in church). Syn:iáiraqsiuàvik.
aiva- vt. to chide, to berate, to belittle. Miiyuum
aànauraq aivagaa. Miiyuk chided the girl.
Iáaäich aquaksraatchiat aivakâiàuurut
aànauranik. Some old women like to chide
little girls out of habit. Syn: inniiááak-;pipasaàiäit-; pivasraàiñàit-; suvasraàiñàit-.
See: iáisimatluäniraaq-.
aivvati- to berate each other, to belittle eachother. See: aivakâiq-.
aiva- vi. to quarrel. Syn: uqaala-. See: aivvati-.
aiviq n. walrus.
aiviqiak (C) n. pectoral sandpiper. Erolia
melanotos.
aivvati- vt. to chide, to put each other down. Syn:uqaallati-. See: aiva-.
aiyaaäa- (C) vi. to be dizzy, to be nearly
unconscious, to nearly faint. Syn: kuniàaq-;niàuvruk-; tuquanäu-. Variant: aayaaäa-.

31

aiyaupiaq n. 1) cane, walking stick. 2) crutch.

3) stretcher for a net (to keep it wide). Variant:aiyaupiq.
aiyaupiq n. stretcher, for keeping a net wide. See:aiyaupiaq. Variant: ayaupiq.
aiyugaaàun n. invitation.
aiyugaaq- vt. to invite. Putum aanani
aiyugaaàaa. Putu invited his mother. Putu
aiyugaaqâiqsuq aanamiñik. Putu invited his
mother. Syn: itqu-; tukkiqsuq-;
tuyuàmiaqsaq-; yuàaisuq-.
aiyugaaqâiq- vt. to invite. See: aiyugaaq-.
aiyugaaqtauruaq n. guest, the person who isinvited.
aiyugaaqti n. host, the person who invites.
aiyuiáisuu- (C) vi. to be excessive, to go to
extremes. Syn: pivaaââak-; qaaäaiãauti-;
qaaäiuti-; suvaâuk-. Variant: ayuàiiái-.
akaââak- vt. to curl. Miiyuum akaââaäniàainutchani. Miiyuk curled her hair. Syn:akatiäa-.
akarrutauruaq n. rioter, person who causes a riot.
Lit: 'that which has been stirred up'.
akarruti- vt. to provoke, to incite. Putulu
aniqatmiáu akarrutiruk. Putu and his brotherare provoking each other. See: akat-.
akat- vt. 1) to stir, to agitate. Syn: akarruti-. 2) tobother. Syn: sanmikãiq-. 3) to ruin. Syn:
maqut-; piyaqquq-; siqumit-; suksraunàiq-.
Variant: akatchi-.
akatchiãiq n. destruction. Syn: piyaquâiq;suksraunàiãiq.
akatchiri n. 1) stirrer. 2) provoker, troublemaker.
Syn: uumisaaqti. See: akat-.
akatiäa- (C) vi. to be curled. Nutchasi akatiäarut.
Your hairs are curled. Syn: akaââak-.
aki pos.base. area opposite.
akiani directly opposite. Mary aquppiñiqsuq
akiani iáuvàum. Mary sat down opposite of thegrave.
akianun to the opposite side of.
Arguàanniuqhuta tikiáàataqtugut akianun
nunaaqqim. Sailing against the wind, wefinally arrived with difficulty opposite of thecity.
aki n. 1) hook; barb. 2) price, value. Putum
aatchuutinigaa umiam akiäa. Putu gave theboat's price. See: akiksraq.
aki- vt. 1) to pay. 2) to earn; to win.
akiaàaqtaaq- vt. 1) to alternate, take turn. Variant:akiaqtaaq-; akiaqtaq-. 2) to change clothes.
Syn: simmiàaaq-.
akiaq- vt. to relieve (e.g. carrying a load, take over anight watch).

akiaqtaaqakiaqtaaq- vi. to alternate, to take turns. Variant:akiaàaqtaaq-; akiaqtaq-.
akigaq- (C) vt. to carry with effort. Variant:akiyaq-.
akigaun (C) n. yoke. Variant: akiyaun.
akigauraq- (C) vt. to carry armfuls.
akigiik n. opposites (contrary to each other). Syn:akiááiàiik.
akigiuti- (C) vt. to carry on back. Variant: akiyiuti-.
akiàruun n. debt. Syn: akiiáaq.
akiàuq n. 1) branch. 2) knot in wood.
akiiáaaq n. free item, something for free.
akiiáaaq- vi. to be free, to be gratuitous. Niqi
akiiáaaqtuq. The food is free.
akiiáaq n. debt. Syn: akiàruun.
akiiáaq- (C) vt. to owe. Syn: akiqsruummi-.
akiiái- vt. to defeat, to win in a contest. Putum atlaiñuk akiiáigaa. Putu defeated the other person.
Syn: aki-; payari-.
akiiáiniutraq n. contest. Variant: akimaniutraq.
akiiáiniutraqtuaq n. contestant. Syn: anaktaqti.
Variant: akimaniutraqtuaq.
akiiáipchaq- vt. to lose a contest.
akiisuq n. harlot, prostitute. Variant: akiitchuq.
akiit- vi. to be cheap. Aglautit akiitchut uvlavak.
Pencils are inexpensive today.
akikaaq (C) n. normal, regular price. Akisuniqsuq
akikaaäaniñ. The price is higher than theregular price.
akikaq n. 1) gaff hook, barb on a hook. 2) curved
hook-shaped slough off river.
akikaq- vi. to be caught with a hook; to be secured
with an ice hook (of a sled).
akikaq- vt. to secure with an ice hook (sled brake), tocatch with a hook.
akikaun n. sled hook to anchor the sled. Syn:kinatagun; pauktaun. Variant: akititaun.
akikäaq- vt. 1) to oppose; to criticize. 2) to make no
impression. Variant: akitñaq-.
akiksrait- vi. to be unpriced, to be unmarked with aprice.
akiksralik n. item with value, with price.
akiksraq n. potential value, expected price. See: aki.
akilit- vt. to pay wages. Umialäan Putu akilitkaa.
His boss pays Putu wages.
akiáik n. 1) wage, earnings. Syn:akiññaqtaaksralik-. See: akikkaaq. 2) itemwith a hook.
akiáiq- vt. to pay the price. Putum akiáiàaa
tauqsiani. Putu paid the price for his purchase.
akiáiun n. payment. See: akiááiusiaq.
akiáiusiaq n. 1) reward. 2) earnings. 3) receipt of loan
payment.
akiááiàiik n. 1) opponents. 2) opposites. Variant:akiääaqakigiik; akiááiáiqsuqti.

akiááiàiiksuak n. opponents.
akiááiáiq- vt. to oppose. Syn: igáulliq-. Variant:akiááiáiqsuuti-.

akiááiáiqsuqti n. opponent. Syn: igáulliuqti. Variant:akiááiáiq.

akiááiáiqsuqti Christ Anti-Christ.
akiááiáiqsuuti- vt. to oppose. See: akiááiáiq-.
akiááiãiq n. opposition. Syn: akiááiuàun; igáulliuàun.
akiááiuàun n. opposition. Syn: akiááiãiq;igáulliuàun.

akiãhun (C) n. chimney, protective glass of alantern. Syn: qaumaqqun.

akiãugaq (C) n. beacon, flashing object. Syn:qaummiaraàaq.

akiãuk- vi. to glare: shining blindingly; to flash:giving off light in intermittent bursts. Syn:qaummiaraàaq-.
akiãuk (C) n. echo. Syn: qatraq.
akiãuuq- (C) vt. to illuminate, to shine a light onsomething.
akima- vi. to be victorious.
akimaâiq n. victory.
akimaniutraq n. contest. Variant: akiiáiniutraq.
akimaniutraqti n. contestant, competitor. Syn:
anaktaqti; akiiáiniutraqtuaq.
akimiaàutaiáaq n. fourteen (the number).
akimiaq n. fifteen (the number).
akimiaq atausriq n. sixteen (the number).
Variant: akimiaq atausiq.
akimiaq malàuk n. seventeen (the number).
akimiaq piñasrut n. eighteen (the number).
Variant: akimiaq piäasut.
akimmatri n. winner, victor.
akimna dem.pron. that one across there (not visible)(Absolutive, sing.). See: akipkuak, akipkua.
akivruma that one across there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: akiptuma (C).
akivrumani that one across there (locative).
Variant: akiptumani (C).
akivrumuäa toward that one across there(terminalis). Variant: akiptumuäa (C).
akivrumakäa from that one across there(ablative). Variant: akiptumaääa (C).
akivrumuuna through that one across there(vialis). Variant: akiptumuuna (C).
akivrumatun like that one across there(similaris). Variant: akiptumatun (C).
akivrumiäa that one across there, with that one
across there (modalis). Variant: akiptumiäa(C).
akiñ n. pillow.
akiññaktaaq n. reward.
akiääaq- vt. to criticize openly, to criticize boldly.

32akipkua

akkiqsimaakisu- vi. to be expensive; to be valuable.
akisuruaäu- vi. to be be worthy (of a person).
akisuruaq n. something precious, valuable,

Variant: akitñaq-.

akipkua dem.pron. those across there (plural) (notvisible). See: akimna, akipkuak.

akipkunani those across there (locative).
akipkunuäa toward those across there

expensive. Syn: anniqñaq.

akitchaq- vt. to trade; to offer for exchange. Aànat(terminalis).

akipkunakäa from those across there (ablative).
Variant: akipkunaääa (C).

akipkunuuna through those across there (vialis).
akipkunatun like those across there (similaris).
akipkuniäa those across there, with those acrossthere (modalis).

akipkuak dem.pron. those two across there (dual)(not visible). See: akimna, akipkua.

akipkuänaäni those two across there (locative).
akipkuänuäa toward those two across there(terminalis).

akipkuänakäa from those two across there(ablative). Variant: akipkuänaääa (C).

akipkuänuuna through those two across there(vialis).

akipkuänaktun like those two across there(similaris).

akipkuäniäa those two across there, with those
two across there (modalis).

akiqsruq- vt. 1) to charge one's account, to buy on
credit. 2) to promise.

akiqsruuma- vt. to owe a debt to someone. Putum
akiqsruumagaaäa. Putu owes me [money].

akiqsruumaruaq n. creditor, person who is owed
money. Variant: akiqsruummi-.

akiqsruummi- vt. to owe. Putum

akiqsruummigaa nuliani maniämik. Putu
owes his wife some money. Syn: akiiáaq-.
Variant: akiqsruuma-.
akiqsruun n. 1) debt, invoice. Putum
akiqsruutiqaàaa nuliani maniämik. Putu has
a debt of money to his wife. 2) promise.
3) covenant.
akiqsruutaq- vt. to owe. Sunauvva
akiqsruutaqtillaktuäa. As it turns out he ran
up my bill. Iluqatik akiáiiáguiññiqmaknik
akiqsruutaiàñiàik. When both of them wereunable to repay, he forgave them both (theirdebt).
akiqsruutau- vi. to be indebted. Putu
akiqsruutauruq tauqsiàñiaàviämun. Putu
has a debt to the store.
akiqsruuti- vt. to promise; to swear: making a solemn
declaration. Variant: akiqsruutri-.
akisaq- vt. to retaliate, to pay back (an injury) inkind.
akisauti- vt. to avenge: take vengeance on behalf of
s.o.

33

akitchaqtut suliaàmiknik
tauqsiàñiaàviämun. The women offer for
exchange the things they made to the store.
akititaun n. hook used for braking dogsled. See:akikaun.
akitkaq (C) n. fluke (of whale).
akitñaq- vt. criticize. Variant: akiääaq-.
akitñaun n. offense.
akitñausrimaâiq n. opposition.
akitñausrimanàiãiq n. alliance. Lit: 'what is not in
opposition'.
akitñautiruaq vi. to be opposing, to be unlawful.
Syn: nalaunäaitchuaq-.
akiuàuti- vt. to disagree; to fight back. Putu
akiuàutiruq aäuyakhuni. Putu disagrees andis fighting back.
akiuq- vt. to oppose. Variant: akiááiáiq-.
akivik n. 1) tarp, shelter from rain. Syn:kalikuàruaq; quliàun; sigraaq;. 2) shelter
from the weather. Syn: avalu; qamannirvik;
uquq, uquuniq.
akivik- vi. to deflect, to divert, to prop [boat] on side
(when used as a shelter from rain).
akiyaq- vt. to carry with effort. Variant: akigaq-.
akiyaqataq n. kerosene lantern. Syn: ittugluuraq;
naniàuaq; nanipiaq. Variant: akigaqataq.
akiyaun n. yoke (for humans) - stick carried acrossshoulders, with ropes on the ends used forhauling water or wood. Variant: akigaun.
akiyauraq- vt. to carry armloads. Variant:akigauraq-.
akiyautaq n. yoke (of wood). Syn: qamuutaq.
Variant: akigautaq.
akiyiuti- vt. to carry on back. Variant: akigiuti-.
akkaakak n. 1) uncle (mother's brother). Syn:aäaaluk; aäak; aäatchiaq. 2) greatgrandfather. Variant: akkak.
akkauq- vt. 1) to catch. Putum aksraaq
akkauàaa. Putu caught the ball. 2) to bite (offish), to strike (of fish). Qaluum niksiga
akkauàaa. The fish bit my hook.
akkiq- vt. to catch (e.g. dripping water). Akkiàiga
qusriqsuaq imiq qallutimnik. I caught thedripping water with my cup.
akkiqsima- vt. 1) to hold a container under something
to catch something falling. Aànam
akkiqsimagaa qattamik kuviriruaq
imiàmik. The woman tried to catch with abucket the water that someone spilled. 2) toakkiqsimaaqsteady something, to hold onto something tokeep it from falling. Syn: tunäauraaq-.
akkiqsimaaq- vt. to prop up one's head, to holdone's head in one's hands (as in dispair). Syn:ayaksimaaq-; ayapiq-.
akkiqsiq- vt. to grasp, to grab, to catch. Syn: aqsak-;qisuk-; tigguq-.
akku adv. while ago, short time ago. Variant:akkuquyuuraq; akkuvauraq.
akkua dem.pron. those across there (plural). See:aäna, agna (C).
akkunani those across there (locative).
akkunuäa toward those across there(terminalis).
akkunakäa from those across there (ablative).
Variant: akkunaääa (C).
akkunuuna through those across there (vialis).
akkunatun like those across there (similaris).
akkuniäa those across there, with those acrossthere (modalis).
akkuak dem.pron. those two across there. See: aäna,
agna (C).
akkuänaäni those two across there (locative).
akkuänuäa toward those two across there(terminalis).
akkuänakäa from those two across there(ablative). Variant: akkuänaääa (C).
akkuänuuna through those two across there(vialis).
akkuänaktun like those two across there(similaris).
akkuäniäa those two across there, with those two
across there (modalis).
akkuk (C) n. bottom frame of boat (umiaq). Syn:nataaq.
akkuni adv. long time, in a long time.
akkuniit- vi. to stay long. Putu akkuniittuq. Putu isstaying a long time. Akkuniiâhiñaurutin. You
could stay long. Akkuniinniaqnak. Don't stay
too long!
akkupaiñaq (C) adv. suddenly, very quickly. Syn:taimmaiñaq. Variant: akkuvaiñaq.
akkupak adv. presently, immediately. Variant:akkuvak.
akkupauraq adv. very short time ago it happened(and possibly still be happening). Variant:akkuvauraq.
akkuquyuuraq n. recent time. See:tamaakäaquyuuraq. Variant: akku.
akkuquyuuraq adv. recently. See:tamaakäaquyuuraq. Variant: akku.
akkuvaiñaq adv. suddenly, very quickly. Variant:akkupaiñaq.
akkuvak adv. presently, immediately. Variant:aksiakkupak.

akkuvauraq adv. very short time ago it happened(and possibly still be happening). Variant:akku; akkupauraq.
akâaq n. brown bear, grizzly bear.
akâauraq n. black spider. Syn: aasrivak.
akâunaapiat n. rawhide rope. Syn: tugrun. See:naqitaàun.
akâunaaq n. rope. See: aliq.
akâunauraq n. string.
akma dem.adv. across there: not visible. Syn: ikka;
agga. See: akmani, akmuäa, akmakäa,
akmuuna - see charts. Variant: aäma;
aämani, aämuäa, aämaääa, aämuuna.
akmaaq n. flint, chert, firestone. Variant: aämaaq.
akmakäa dem.adv. from across there. See: akma.
Variant: aämaääa.
akmakäaq- vi. to come from across there.
akmakäauti- vt. to bring from across there(focus: goal).
akmani dem.adv. located across there somewhere.
See: akma. Variant: aämani.
akmaniaäagun through the general area acrossthere (vialis).
akmaniaäani located in the general area acrossthere (locative).
akmaniaäaniñ from the general area acrossthere (ablative).
akmaniaäanun toward the general area acrossthere (terminalis).
akmuäa dem.adv. toward across there. See: akma.
Variant: aämuäa.
akmuäatmun dem.adv. toward across there.
akmuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward acrossthere (focus: direction).
akmuäaq- vi. to go toward across there (focus:
actor).
akmuäauti- vt. to take toward across there(focus: goal).
akmuuna dem.adv. through across there. See: akma.
Variant: aämuuna.
akmuunaaq- vi. to go through across there.
akpak- (C) vi. 1) to reach top; to achieve, to succeed;
to step up. See: mayuq-. 2) to surmount, toovercome.
akpakkaq- (C) vi. to be exhausted from climbing,barely to be able to climb on. See: ipnit-.
akpirrun n. 1) start, beginning point ("ice-breaker"
in a conversation). 2) pitch (in guitar playing).
akpirruti- vt. to start a song for a group.
akpit- vi. to start to sing or talk. Miiyuum atutipiaq
akpitkaa. Miiyuk started to sing an Eskimo
song.
aksi- vt. to bring. Putu aksiruq suuranik34

aksik-alaaq

tupiàmiñun. Putu brought things to his house.
See: agraq-.
aksik- vt. 1) to touch. Syn: pakiñik-; patik-;tinniqsi-. Variant: aksiuk-; aksiupik-. 2) totag, in a game. 3) to graze with a bullet or arrow.
Syn: aksiksiqataq-.
aksiksiqataq- vt. to graze with a bullet or arrow.
See: aksik-.
aksiuk- vt. to nick, to wound slightly. Qaàrum
aksiukkaa nukatpiaq. The bullet wounded the
young man [only] slightly. Variant: aksiupik-.
aksiyasi- vi. to become sore, to be tender to thetouch.
aksragiitkutaq n. barrier to prevent something fromrolling.
aksrak- vi. 1) to roll. 2) to slide (as caribou when
killed on a slope).
aksraktuaq n. automobile.
aksraligaq n. wheel.
aksralik- vi. to roll away.
aktigi- vi. to be sized, to have a certain length or size.
Qanutun aktigiva? What is the size of it?
Variant: aktilaaq.
aktilaaq n. comparison of length or amount.
Tupqum aktilaaäa. The house's length.
aktilaaq- vt. to measure the length or amount.
Aktilaaàuä umiaq. Measure the length of theboat. Aktilaaàlugu amaàuq. Measure thelength of the wolf. Syn: taktilaaq-.
aktua- vt. to collide with s.t., to touch inadvertently
without intentions. Syn: patik-. See: aktuq-;
apuqataq-.
aktullak- vt. 1) to feel, to touch. See: tuullak-. 2) togrope. Variant: aktuq-.
aktuq- vt. to touch an object, to handle. See: aktua-;pakiñik-; patik-; tatumiaq-.
akuàluk n. bell. See: aviáuqtaun.
akuàutit n. trim, decoration or ornament (as for
clothing). Syn: akuq; avatiksrat; ikutaq;
isiàvikpagaaq; quli; sivuàun. See: siñiksraq.
akulaiqãugu adv. often.
akuliaq n. nose bridge.
akullaq- (C) vi. to scatter (esp. ocean ice, which
separates and disperses), to disperse. See:siamit-; siapsi-.
akunàak n. space between two objects.
akuniàun n. 1) post-base (affix, in grammar).
2) mediator, go-between. Syn:uqapsaaàutriksraq. Variant: akuniàuttaq.
akuniq pos.base. between, among.
akunàatni among. Quvianamiurut
tutqiutiqaqtitchiruat akunàatni iñuich.
Blessed are [those] who let there be peace
among people. Taatna inniaqpan akunàakni

35

nuliaàiik,... If it is going to be like that between
marriage partners,... Variant: akunàanni.
akunàatniñ from among. Avguityaàisirut
pigiitchuanik akunàatniñ nalaunäaruat.
They will separate the evil ones from among therighteous ones.
akunàatnun to among. Tuyuàiniaàipsi
ipnaisun akunàatnun amaqqut. I am sending
you like sheep among wolves.
akuniqsaaq n. week. Syn: savaiññiq.
akunnaq- vi. to pass through (between or among) two
or more things. Variant: akunniraq-.
akunniàusriq- vt. to insert, to put between, to set in
the middle.
akunniraq- vi. to pass through a crowd, or between
buildings. Aäuniaqtit akunniraqtut sikukun.
The hunters are moving between ice floats.
Variant: akunnaq-.
akuq n. 1) hem, edge. 2) fancy parka trim (e.g.
wolverine). Syn: akuàutit; avatiksrat;
atituàun.
akuqtu- vi. to edge, to touch on, to be as far/long as...
Syn: patiktit-.
akuqtuaq n. proceeds, income realized from sale.
akuqtuq- vt. 1) to receive, to accept. Putum
akuqtuàaa savik. Putu received a knife. 2) toacknowledge.
akuqturuaq n. full-length robe, dress.
akuqtuyunaq- vi. to be acceptable.
akurrun n. spoon to stir, for cooking.
akurrutiksraq n. tool for stirring food (blender,
egg beater, bread maker, etc). Syn: akurrun.
akut- vt. 1) to mix, to stir. Syn: aulat-; aulatchi-;aupiããak-. 2) to knead dough, to beat dough.
akutaq (C) n. mixture of fat, berries, fish and/or
meat; dough. Lit: 'result of mixing'. Syn:akutuq.
akutchiaq n. mixture of fat, fish and berries:
ingredient for akutuq. Variant: akutuq.
akutchivik n. mixing bowl.
akuttu- vi. to be separated, to be far apart.
akuttusi- vi. to get separated, to become farther
apart.
akutuq n. mixture of fat, berries, fish and/or meat
(Eskimo ice cream). Syn: qamaamak. Variant:akutchiaq.
akutuqpalik n. leaf (of a plant); any plant with broad
leaves. Syn: milukataq.
akuvlilik- vi. to be mixed, to be mixed in with s.t.
else. Akutuq akuvlilik masrunik, aarigaa!
Eskimo ice cream mixed with edible roots is justgood!
akuvliqtaq (C) n. hash, mixture.
alaaq n. sole of animal's paw. See: atammak.

alai!
alai! excl. 1) expression of surprise. 2) expression ofsadness. Variant: alaa!; arraa!
alakkaa! excl. 1) expression of sorrow. 2) expressionof dismay.
alannaat (C) n. fingertips, balls of fingers.
alannak (C) n. soft area of paw, underside of paw.
alaäuaq- vt. to ignore, to treat lightly. Putum
alaäuaàaaäa. Putu is ignoring me. Syn:suqutigi-.
alapigi- vt. to neglect, to fail to observe, to forget
inadvertently. Putum alapigigaa qipmiñi.
Putu neglected his dog (because his mind was
preoccupied)alapiäaaq- vi. to be confused; to be preoccupied, toforget momentarily, to be inattentive. Syn:alapyaäaaq-; kinnaqsaq-; makimaq-;qanuàviiq-.
alapisraaq- vt. to distract (as in trying to distract
someone's attention from his work). Iáiágaat
alapisraaàaqtut niprauqhutiä. Children are
disturbing as they are talking. Variant:alapisaaq-; ulapisaaq-.
alapit- vi. 1) to be unaware (passed out). Putu
ulapitqataqtuq. Putu looses consciousness
often. Putu imiliqhuni ulapittuq. Putu isdrunk and is passed out. 2) to get distracted, tobecome confused. Syn: ulapit-.
alapittaq- vi. to pass out, to be inebriated (drunk); tobe crazy. Variant: alapit-.
alappaa! excl. It's cold! (exclamation). Variant:alappuu!
alappaaäu- vi. to be cold (weather).
alapyaäaaq- vi. 1) to be obtuse, to be mildly
retarded, dull of mind. See: alapiäaaq-.
2) absent-minded, to be oblivious tosurroundings, to be absent-minded. Variant:alapiäaaq-; siáiapyaäaaq-.
alaq- vi. to turn one's head away, to look away. Syn:
qiviqit-. See: kiäiaq-; tunut-.
alaqtaq to turn quickly to look in a different
direction.
alatkaq- vt. to investigate, to observe, to scanlandscape over barrier. Aäuniaqtit mayuqtut
qimiàaamun alatkaàiaqhutiä
qiñiàasrugalutiä. The hunters went up the hilltrying to see if they could see anything.
alatkaq- vi. to rise (sun above horizon). Syn: nui-.
alguniq (C) n. freeze-burn, outer covering on whale
meat or muktuk which has been in an ice cellar along time.
alàaani adv. long ago.
alàaaniqsaq n. old food item (from past year(s)).
Syn: quäuq. See: auruq; tipayaaq.
alàaaq n. afterbirth, placenta. Variant: aalàaq.

aliuàutigialàaàusiq (C) n. part of caribou's digestive system.
alàaqsaq (C) n. ancient artifact. Syn:

aippaaqnisaq; iäiáàaaqnisaq; taimakäaqtaq;
utuqqaqtaq; imakäaqtaq.
alàaqsruq- vt. to advise, to admonish, to counsel, toinstruct on behavior. Putum alàaqsruàai
qitunàani Putu admonishes his children Putum
alàaqsrullapiaàniàik. Putum instructed
them(2) strongly. Syn: inniiááak-; isiáàiqsuq-;
siáàiqsuq-; unniqsuq-.
alàaqsruun n. reproof, advice, counsel. Syn:ayuqiqsuun.
alàiaq (C) n. another one; second one of a group.
Syn: aippaak; tuglia.
alàun n. dog's soup pot. Variant: alliuàun.
alàuraq n. wire.
alianait- vi. 1) to be entertaining, to be amusing.
2) to be cheerful, to be a good companion.
alianaq- vi. 1) to be quiet, to be lonesome, to be sad.
2) to be boring (of a person).
alianaqtaaq- vi. to be desolate.
alianniuâiq n. sorrow, grief. See: kiñuvàun.
alianniuq- vi. to be lonesome, to be quiet, to be sad;to grieve.
aliasaaq- vt. to dishearten, to sadden, to discourage.
aliasruk- vi. 1) to be isolated, to be solitary. 2) to be
unhappy at being alone. See: iiqsaluk-. Variant:alianniuq-.
aligaq- vi. to be tattered, to go around with holes in
one's clothing.
aliiqsiaq n. vacationer, someone who needs avacation, who needs to get away.
aliiqsiaq- vi. 1) to vacation, to "get away" fromhome. 2) to enjoy the outdoors after having been
shut in for a time. Putum aànaqtiä
aliiqsiaàutigaa. Putu took his wife out to enjoy
the outdoors.
aliiqsriqsuaq- vi. to need change in one's daily
routine, to need release from one's usualenvironment.
aliit- vi. to be content, to be satisfied with one's lot, tobe not lonely, though living alone.
aliitkun n. pastime; entertainment.
aliitkutigi- vt. to entertain. Tutitchiatka
aliitkutigigitka. My grandchildren give me
pleasure.
alik- vt. 1) to tear, to separate forcefully, to rip away.
2) to puncture.
aliq n. rope, rawhide (short piece). See: akâunaaq.
aliqsaaluk n. skin slacks with fur inside.
aliqsi n. 1) sock, caribou fur sock. 2) lady's stocking.
aliuànaq- vi. to be awesome, to be wonderful, to beamazing. Aliuànaàaa. How amazing!
aliuàutigi- vt. to marvel, to feel astonishment or36

aliuq-amani

perplexity at or about. Putum sua-tai
aliuàutigivauä! Putu marveled at something(unknown to him) and how perplexed he wasabout it! Syn: atlayuaài-; suquasiksrait-. See:kalipsiksuaq.
aliuq- vi. 1) to be haunted (place where strange
frightening sounds are audible). 2) to marvel, tobecome filled with surprise, wonder, or amazedcuriosity. Syn: kamanniuq-.
aliuqsaaq- (C) vt. to amaze, to impress someone(to tell tall tales).
aliuqsri- vt. to tease, to joke with s.o. Syn: iááuài-.
aliuqtuaq n. ghost, apparition.
aliuqtuq- vi. to be haunted, to experience flash-backs
or hallucinations; to hear or see a person at theplace where that person has died. See: aliuq-.
alla pron. another. See: atla.
allaàniq n. clear sky.
allaàun n. 1) cleaning rag. Syn: salummaun.
2) cleaning rod for a gun barrel. Syn:paulaiyaun.
allaiq- vt. to mend.
allaiq- vi. to be mended.
allak n. 1) hole, tear, rip (in clothes). Kamikâuukka
allauruk. There are lots of holes in my pants.
2) breast meat of birds. Variant: allatchiaq.
allaqtiq- vt. to wipe dry; to wipe clean.
allaqtit- vi. 1) to become clear sky, to become clear
weather. 2) to become very calm weather.
allaqtuq- (C) vi. to be clear weather.
allatchiaq n. breast meat of bird. Variant: allak.
alliatchiaq (C) n. tent mat made of willows. Syn:atliat; atlirrat. Variant: allirrat.
alliatchiaq- (C) vi. to replace willow floor covering(put new willows on floor). Variant:atliatchiaq-.
alliàaq n. mattress, skin for bottom side of bedding,
fur side down. Syn: avrat; ikivàaq; qaatchiaq;
tuäiutit; tuttaat; uqummatit. Variant:atliàaq.
alliàauraq n. saucer; doily. Variant: atliàauraq.
allimàaq n. lower molar tooth. Syn: kaäiáipqaq.
Variant: atlimàaq.
alliq n. the lowest one, bottommost one. Variant:atliq.
alliq- vi. to be deep. Syn: iti-. Variant: atliq-.
allirrat n. tent mat; tree branches, alder branches.
Syn: atliat; alliatchiaq. Variant: atlirrat.
alliu- vi. to be the lowest one, the one closest to thebottom. See: alliq. Variant: atliu-.
alliuàun n. pot for cooking dog soup. Syn: alàun.
alliuq- vt. to cook dog food.
alliuàusriq- cook dog food, start to ~. Miiyuk
alliuàusriàñiaqtuq. Miiyuk is preparing to37

cook dog food.

alluaq n. hole in ice for fishing or seal hunting.
alluiyaq n. wooden platter.
allukuaq- (C) vt. to kill a seal through its breathinghole. Variant: allut-.

allut- vt. to kill a seal through its breathing hole.
Variant: allukuaq-.

alluvak n. seal's breathing hole.
aluaq n. coal. Syn: katluk.
aluaqaàvik n. coal scuttle.
aluaqsaq- vt. to haul coal.
aluaqsaun n. burlap sack. Syn: miisuk; puukataq.
aluàruaq n. callus, hardened skin on heel.
aluàun n. sandal.
aluàvik n. dog dish.
aluiyaq- vt. to clean the soles of one's shoes.
aluiyaun n. doormat. Syn: tutmiàaq.
aluk n. dog mush (food for dog).
aluk- vt. to lick; to lap. See: ippaq-.
aluktinniq (C) n. snow cliff.
aluq n. sole of foot or footwear.
aluutaàaaq n. spoon food, e.g. bite-sized bits ofcaribou meat fried and served with gravy.

aluutaàaq- vt. to eat with a spoon.
aluutaq n. 1) spoon. Variant: aluutaun. 2) shoveler.
Spatula clypeata.

aluutaqpak n. ladle, large spoon, wooden spoon forstirring soup.

aluutaun (C) n. spoon. Syn: qalluttaun;
qayuutaq.

aâhatit- vt. to eat quickly, to wolf down. Syn:apqaâak-.

amaaàun n. parka for carrying baby. Syn:amautnaq.

amaalik n. animal "with young" (not people). See:
amaaq-.

amaamak- (C) vt. to breast-feed, to suckle (a baby).
Syn: miluktit-.

amaaq n. root.
amaaq- vi. to carry young on back, piggyback
fashion. See: qaksrugaun.

amaàaa? quest. Right? Isn't that so? Variant: amii?;amaqqaa? [Disc: tag-question to invoke yes/noanswer]amaàulik n. item with wolf's skin.
amaàuq n. wolf.
amai! excl. I don't know! See: nalu-.
amakäa dem.adv. from over there, from yonder. See:amma. Variant: amaääa.
amakäaq- vi. to go over there (focus: actor).
amakäauti- vt. to take over there (focus: goal).
amani dem.adv. located over there. See: amma.
amaniaäagun through the general area overthere (vialis).

amaääa (C)amaniaäani located in the general area overthere (locative).
amaniaäaniñ from the general area over there(ablative).
amaniaäanun toward the general area over there(terminalis).
amaääa (C) dem.adv. from over there, from yonder.
See: amma. Variant: amakäa.
amaääaq- vi. to come over there (focus: actor).
amaääauti- vt. to take over there (focus: goal).
amaq- vt. to load a baby (or person) on someone'sback.
amaq (C) n. hunched back of certain animals. See:
napuäa-.
amaqsi- vt. to put one's arms behind one's back.
amaqtuq n. humpback salmon; fish with small
hump. Onchorhynchus gorbuscha. See:
qalugruaq.
amatchiaq n. whitefish (in: Selawik). Syn:aanaakâiq.
amauligaq n. snowbird, snow bunting.
Plectrophenax nivalis. Syn: amautlikkaq;
amauâigaaluk; amauligauraq;
amauligavialuk; amautlikkauraq;
nuäaktuaàruuraq.
amauligruaq n. common eider duck. Somateria
mollissima.
amauâigaaluk n. snowbird, snow bunting.
Plectrophenax nivalis. Syn: amautlikkaq;
amauligauraq; amauligavialuk;
amautlikkauraq; nuäaktuaàruuraq.
amauâuk n. 1) great-grandparent. 2) greatgrandchild. Variant: amauluk.
amauq n. 1) great-grandparent. Syn: maääuat.
2) great-grandchild. Variant: amauâuk.
amautlikkauraq n. snowbird, snow bunting.
Plectrophenax nivalis. Syn: amautlikkaq;
amauâigaaluk; amauligauraq;
amauligavialuk; amauligaq;
nuäaktuaàruuraq.
amautnaq n. large parka for carrying baby. Syn:amaaàun.
-ami encl. "I mean...", "I am saying...".
Uqaqtuäaami. I mean, I'm saying ....
Paniàuma-ami. If I get thin, that is.
amiakuq n. remains, leftover from cutting a skin or
hide (in skin sewing). Syn: iáaku. Variant:amiku.
amiami excl. "well...", "like so...".
amigaq- vi. to be insufficient, to be short ofsomething. Niqi amigaqtuq. There is notenough bread.
amigái- vi. 1) to be narrow, to become narrower.
2) to wane. Tatqiq amigáiñiaqtuq. The moonamiq
is going to wane. See: amit-. Variant: amikãi-.

amiàaiqsivik n. August: molting time. Lit: 'antlerbearing animals lose their velvet'.

amiàaq (C) n. 1) bark (of trees). Syn: qaiàuq;

qasalluq. 2) certain kind of skin sewing stitch(used especially in making skin boats).
amiàiksi n. prime hide.
amiàái- vi. to be chapped (of skin). Argatka
amiàáirut. My hands are chapped. See: iligrak.
amiàáuk- vi. 1) to be rough (of skin). Syn: kigrak-.
See: qaiàiit-. 2) to form a scar (during healing
process). Syn: uviñigluk-.
amii? (C) quest. Right? Isn't it so? [tag-question to
invoke yes/no answer]. Variant: amaàaa?
amiiàruk- vt. to scrape a skin. Uqpiich
amiiàrugaalaniàai qiáiàimiñik. He scrapedthe (bark of) willows with his willows. Syn:aäula-; ikuk-; kiáigaq-; kiááiuqtaq-;mamiiq-; mitquiq-; qisiiq-; sakipsi-;
uqsruiyaq-.
amiiq- vt. to skin an animal, to remove an animal
skin. Tuttu amiiqsiuä. Skin that caribou! Syn:
aak-, amiiqsi-; iqquli-; nayuk-.
amiiqsaq n. animal already skinned.
amiiqsi- vt. to skin an animal. Putu
amiiqsisuàuuruq tuttunik. Putu is used toskinning caribou. Syn: aak-; amiiq-; iqquli-,
nayuk-. See: mamiiqsi-.
amiiqsivik n. 1) September. 2) place for skinning
animals.
amikkit- (C) vt. to lack skins for one's purpose (forexample, for tent cover). See: mialuk-;
naalgiuk-; susruksiu-.
amiksraq n. 1) skin for a purpose (e.g. making boat,
house, or drum). 2) octopus (in legends).
amiku n. remainder, leftover from cutting skin or hide
(in skin sewing). Syn: iáaku. Variant: amiakuq.
amilluti- vt. to gang up on, to crowd with, toconverge upon. Variant: amillutri-.
amiáàaq n. 1) ulna (the bone on the little-finger sideof the human forearm). 2) fibula (the outer andusually smaller of the two bones between theknee and ankle in the hind or lower limbs).
amiáàuq n. narrow part of something. See: amit-.
amiãhuyuk n. slender person. Syn: amisuàaluk.
Variant: amiãhuyak.
aminilik n. mixture made of cooked fat-laced caribou
or rabbit intestines. Putu, aminiliktuàiaàitchi.
Putu, go ahead, eat the mix!
amiññiqsraq n. 1) narrowest part of anything. See:amit-. 2) radius (the bone on the thumb side of
the human forearm).
amiq n. 1) animal hide, animal skin. See: iàviaq;
isiqsiaq. 2) peeling (the skin or rind of a fruit).

38

amiqâuk

anaqa
amuma n. item that was pulled out (of something).
amuäa dem.adv. toward over there. See: amma.
amuäatmun dem.adv. toward over there.
amuäatmuk- vi. to be heading over there3) skin covering of a boat (umiaq).

amiqâuk n. tissue membranes (waste) that were
scraped off a skin.

amiqsiri n. fur buyer.
amiràaq- (C) vi. to be many.
amirriaq (C) n. remainder, leftover (food, cloth,(focus: direction).

amuäaq- vi. to come from over there (focus:skin).

amisuàaluk n. slender person. Syn: amiãhuyuk.
amit- vi. to be narrow. Arguqâiq kuuk amitchuq.

Far upriver the river is narrow .
-ami-tara encl. 1) yes, maybe; probably. Variant:ami-uvva; ami-ami. 2) no doubt they are ...
amiumaa! excl. No way! Don't you dare! See:naagga!; qaäaa! Variant: amiuvva.
amiun (C) n. 1) braided sinew for sewing skins
together (especially when sewing skins to makea boat cover). Syn: piáàaalik; qipraq. See:
ivalulupiaq; qupsik; uliun. 2) thread forshoes.
amma dem.adv. over there: not visible, forward
direction; located in the other room; theaforementioned. Syn: avva; iñña. See: amani,
amuäa, amakäa (amaääa), amuuna - seecharts.
ammatchiq- vi. to be at the other side ofsomething.
ammasaaàruk! excl. it is way over there
somewhere!
ammuaq n. box of twenty shells for shotgun; box ofgun cartridges.
ammun n. net rope. Variant: amuktuun.
amna dem.pron. that one over there (Absolutive,
sing.). Syn: apkuak, apkua.
avruma that one over there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: aptuma.
avrumani that one over there (locative). Variant:aptumani (C).
avrumuäa toward that one over there(terminalis). Variant: aptumuäa (C).
avrumakäa from that one over there (ablative).
Variant: aptumaääa (C).
avrumuuna through that one over there (vialis).
Variant: aptumuuna (C).
avrumatun like that one over there (similaris).
Variant: aptumatun (C).
avrumiäa that one over there, with that one overthere (modalis). Variant: aptumiäa (C).
amu- vt. to pull out. Putum kuvrani amugaa. Putu
pulled out his net. Miiyuum niqautini
amuaqsigai. Miiyuk began pulling out her food
(items). Syn: kalik-; nuqimik-; nuqit-; qakit-.
amuktuq- vt. to pull a net up from below the ice.
amuktuun n. rope, attached to an under-ice net. Syn:isautaq. Variant: ammun.

39

actor).

amuäauti- vt. to take over there (focus: goal), totake yonder.

amuraàaaq n. drawer, anything that pulls out.
amuuna dem.adv. through over there. See: amma.
amuunaaq- vi. to be traveling through overthere.

anaaq (C) n. girlfriend. Syn: aññaq; uumaa;
uumaaq.

anagaàutraâiq n. excessiveness, overdoing. Syn:suvaâuâiq.

anagusrima- vi. to lean on something, to leanbecause tired. Uvluvak anagusimallaktuäa
niaqunäupluäa. All day I lay down due to myhurting head. Syn: ayappak-; nayummak-;patiktit-; tati-; tunäauraaq-.
anagvik- (C) vt. to beat soundly, to trounce, to"skunk" (sports, games). Syn: anaqhiala-.
anaàlu (C) n. black sediment on ice, as in springwhen snow thaws. Variant: anaàluk.
anaànaq n. laxative.
anaàniq n. odor of bathroom (when the toilet bucket
gets too full). See: nai; tipi; tipituq-.
anaàniq (C) n. bruise, contusion. Anaàniq taliani
ittuaq aäiruq. The bruise on his arm is large.
Variant: anaqtinniq.
anaàvik n. toilet, outhouse.
anak- vt. to surpass, to exceed. Putuk anakkaa
iáannaäa aqpaliutraqamik. Putu won over his
friend when they were racing. Syn: qaaäiq-.
anakkisaaq- (C) vt. to challenge, to compete bydaring an opponent. Variant: anaksisaaq-.
anaksisaaq- vt. to challenge, to compete by daring
opponent. Syn: anakkisaaq-.
anaktaq- vi. to compete in games.
anaktaqti n. competitor. Syn: akimaniutraqti.
anaäaa excl. expression of pleasure: nice! Variant:aañaaäaa.
anaäaaäu- vi. to be cute, to be beautiful, to be pretty.
Syn: igliänaq-.
anaäaaq- vt. to flatter someone, to wow someone.
See: igligutchak-. Variant: aañaäaaq-.
anaäauraaä! voc. my dear one (term of
endearment). Variant: aañuäuuraaä! (C).
anaq n. feces, excrement.
anaq- vi. 1) to defecate, to empty bowels. 2) to shoot(of a star).
anaqa n. evening. Syn: unnuk.

anaqaksraaàiaq
anaqaksraaàiaq n. afternoon. Syn:uvluksraaàiaq. Variant: anaqasaaàiaq.
anaqaksraaq n. afternoon (late). Syn:unnuksraaq; anaqasaaq.
anaqapak adv. tonight, this evening. Variant:anaqavak.
anaqasaaàiaq n. afternoon. Syn: unnuksraaàiaq.
Variant: anaqaksraaàiaq.
anaqasaaq n. afternoon. Syn: unnuksraaq;
anaqaksraaq.
anaqavak adv. tonight, this evening. Variant:anaqapak.
anaqhiala- vt. to trounce, to beat soundly, to "skunk"(win a contest without allowing opponents to
win first or second game of a set). Putum
anaqhialagaaäa. Putu beat me soundly. Syn:anagvik-; payari-. Variant: anaqhiila-.
anaqsiuàayuk n. dung fly.
anaqtinniq n. bruise, contusion. Anaqtinniq taliani
ittuaq aäiruq. The bruise on his arm is large.
Syn: arriqsinniq; taaqtinniq. Variant:anaàniq.
anaqtit- vt. to bruise, to cause injury that does notbreak the skin. Putu apuqhuni sikumun
anaqtinniàaa irini. As Putu bumped against
the ice he bruised his eye.
anaqtitaun n. enema equipment. Syn: immiàaun;itiqsiun.
anasriñäuq- vi. to be disciplined; to have learned
from punishment. Variant: anusiñäuq-.
anasriñäuqsaaàvik n. hell: place of punishment.
Syn: nagliksaaàvik. Variant:anasiñäuqsaaàvik.
anasriñäuqsaaq n. person who was punished.
Variant: anasiñäuqsaaq; anasiääuqsaaq.
anasriñäuqsaaqsiiãiq n. punishment. Variant:anasiñäuqsaaqsiiãiq; anasiääuqsaaqsiiãiq.
anasriñäuqsaq- vt. to punish (physically or
emotionally). Variant: anasiñäuqsaq-;
anasiääuqsaq-.
anasriñäuqsautiksraq n. judgment to come (endtimes); punishment to come. Variant:anasiñäuqsautiksraq; anasiääuqsautiksraq.
anau- vt. to hit with something. Putum anaugaa
aànaata. Putu hit his wife. Syn: patik-; tigluk-.
anauraàaun n. stick, baseball bat. Syn:anauttaksraq.
anautaq n. hindquarter of an animal, upper thigh (ofanimal). See: mumiq; niqivik; ukpatik; uati.
anautaq (C) n. hind leg. Syn: mumiq.
anauttaksraq n. 1) baseball bat; stick. Syn:anauraàaun. 2) axe. See: anauttaq.
anauttaq n. 1) club, beating tool. 2) axe. Syn:ipiàauttaq. Variant: anauttaksraq.

aniqsaaqanauttaq- vt. to chop with an axe. Syn: ipiàaqtuq-.
anayagi- vi. to be cautious, to be careful.
anayaktuaq- vi. to be solicitous; to be anxious; to beconcerned. Anayaktuaqtauäunàitchutin
aäun. You are not a man who shows concern.
anayanaq- vi. 1) to be dangerous. 2) to be fragile.
anayanniuànaq n. dangerous situation.
anayanniuq- vi. to experience danger.
anayasraaq- vt. to harm. Variant: anayasaaq-.
anayasruk- vi. to be apprehensive, to be fearful of
danger. Iluqatiä paäalikhutiä
anayasuktuasuäaqatiä ipnakun. All of themrushed without care for danger over the cliff.
ani- vi. 1) to exit, to go out. Iglaat anirut. The
visitors have left. Putu aniágitchuq. Putu has
left again. 2) to deliver a baby, to give birth to.
Syn: iàñisruk-; kiñutmuäa-.
anima- to be brought into life by birth.
ania- vi. to exit (of a group). Iglaat aniarut. The
visitors are going out just now.
aniàniq n. breath. Aäutim aniàniäa tusraànaqtuq.
The man's breath is audible. Variant:aniqsaaàniq.
aniànitchiaq- vi. to breathe weakly (when sick); topant (after running). Variant: aniqsaluk-.
aniàuq- (C) vi. to pass by, to go out on the otherside. Syn: apqusaaq-.
aniàutaun n. covenant; agreement. Syn: aäiàun;
aäiàutauruaq.
anii! excl. expression of physical or emotional pain:"ouch!". Variant: arrii!
aniiq- vi. to be outside.
aniiqsuaq- vi. 1) to play outdoors (of a child). 2) torelax outdoors (of an invalid).
aniáàammiuraq n. newborn (baby). Variant:aniqammiuraq.
aniáàataâiq n. birth. See: anniviáiãiq.
aniäa n. older brother. Syn: aapiyaq. Variant:aniäak; aniäauraq.
anipchaq- vt. to release someone or something.
aniq- (C) vi. to reply softly.
aniqammiuraq n. newborn baby (human or
animal). See: miàaruuraq. Variant:aniáàammiuraq; aniqammialauraq.
aniqqan n. sibling (brother or sister).
aniqqatigiik n. sibling duo, two siblings (brother +sister).
aniqsa excl. "luckily", "good thing..." (uses the"kiisaimma"-mood).
aniqsaaàniq n. breath. Variant: aniàniq.
aniqsaapak- vi. to sigh, breathe heavily. Syn:imäiqsaq-. Variant: aniqsaapaktaq-.
aniqsaapaktaq n. sigh, heavy breath.
aniqsaaq- vi. to breathe.

40

aniqsaaqtit-

anuqsru-

aniqsaaqtit- vt. to resuscitate, to bring to life again.
aniqsaluk- vi. to pant. See: aniànitchiaq-.
aniqsraaqtuq- vt. to threaten.
anit- vt. to expel, to send away, to throw out. Variant:anitqataq-.
anitmuk- vi. to travel outward, to move outward.
anitmun pos.adv. outward, away from a central
point. Syn: siáatmun.
anitqataq- vt. to eject (by force). Putum
anitqataàaa imiqtuaq. Putu ejected the drunk
person. Variant: anit-.
aniu n. snow, hard packed snow. Syn: apun.
aniuvak n. steep snow bank. Syn: qimuagruk;
apitchiq.
annaa excl. expression of pain, sorrow,disappointment. Syn: araummaa! ; arii!
Variant: annii.
annaatuk excl. "Poor thing!".
annagusimaaq- vi. to be sluggish, to be slow
because body feels heavy or is sick. Variant:annagusrimaaq-.
annagviksraq n. escape, way out.
annai- vt. to let something escape, to let it get away.
Putum akâaq annaigaa. Putu let the grizzly
get away. Putu annairuq iqaluämik
niksianikkaluaqâugu. Putu let the fish escapealthough he had already hooked it.
annak- vi. to escape danger. Atqaqtitkaatäa
igalikun aasriiñ annaktitluäa. They let me
down through a window and I escaped.
annaktiq- vi. to escape from danger to safety or
security (e.g. child huddling with mother whenfeeling insecure). Syn: illuktiq-.
annauma- vi. to be safe, to be saved.
annaumaâiq n. salvation; security. Syn:anniqsuiãiq; anniqsuàiaq.
annauti- vt. to rescue. Syn: anniqsuq-.
anniaq n. wound, hurt. Variant: atniaq.
anniài- vt. to treasure, to value very much.
anniàñaq- vi. 1) to be sick. Variant: atniàñaq-.
2) to be invaluable, to be priceless. Syn:akisuruaq. Variant: anniqñaq.
anniàñaun n. sickness, disease. Variant: atniàñaun.
annii excl. expression of pain, or disappointment. Syn:araummaa! ; arii! Variant: annaa.
anniáuk- vi. to have acute pain, to be aching, to havediscomfort. See: saäniuq-. Variant: atniáuk-.
anniq- vi. to hurt. Variant: atniq-.
anniqñaq- vi. to be invaluable, to be priceless.
Qitunàatka anniqñaqtut uvamnun. My
children are invaluable to me. Syn: akisuruaq-.
Variant: atniàñaq-.
anniqsuàiaq n. salvation (ongoing process). Syn:anniqsuiãiq; annaumaâiq.

41

anniqsuiãiq n. salvation (moment of rescuing). Syn:anniqsuàiaq; annaumaâiq.

anniqsuq- vt. 1) to assist. 2) to rescue; rescue, to ~ ;save, to ~. Syn: annauti-.

anniqsuqti n. rescuer, savior. See: patchisaiqsi.
anniqsuqti akiqsruutaurauq n. Messiah, Christ.

Lit: 'the savior who had been promised'. Syn:anniqsuqti.
anniqsraq- vi. to be selfish, to be unwilling to share,
to be stingy. Syn: iàáiktu-; miàvigi-; siqña-.
annisi- vt. to take someone or something out, toaccompany someone out. Variant: annitri-.
annitchiq n. penalty, fine.
anniumman n. empathy. Variant: atniumman.
anniutchiq- vi. to experience enduring pain. Syn:kakivruutchiq-. Variant: atniutchiq-.
anniutkutaq n. 1) protection pad (to prevent injury).
Variant: atniutkutaq. 2) fender (alongside aship). Variant: atniyaitkutaq.
anniuttaq n. chronic pain, persistent pain. Variant:atniuttaq.
anniuyumman n. insult. Variant: atniuyumman.
annivaktaq- vi. to have acute pain; to experience
colic. See: saäniuq-. Variant: atnivaktaq-.
annivik n. place of birth.
anniviáiãiq n. birthday. See: aniáàataâiq.
anniviáit- vi. to celebrate a birthday, to have abirthday.
anniya- vi. to be tender to touch, to be sore; to injure
easily. Variant: atniya-.
annut- (C) vi. to frown, to pout.
anäik n. patch on boot sole.
anäik- vt. to patch a boot sole.
anäiqpak n. modern style boots.
anäun (C) n. 1) pitch (for caulking boat). 2) fuel forstove.
anu n. 1) harness. 2) mitten strings. Syn: agluuttaq.
3) arm-sling. See: aaqsuuttaq.
anu- vt. to harness, to put harness on. See: anuulaq-.
anuàaiq- vi. to calm down (of wind).
anuài n. wind. See: anuqâiq-.
anuàiqâuk n. strong wind, storm, gale. Syn: aäniq.
anuàisiun n. 1) wind vane. 2) barometer.
anuksraq n. harness webbing.
anuqâiàuutipkaq- vi. to be caught in a storm.
Variant: aäniàuutipkaq-.
anuqâiq- vi. to be windy, to be blowing. See: anuài.
anuqsraaàuraaq n. light breeze. Syn: aqâanaaq.
Variant: anuqâaaq.
anuqsralaaq n. breeze. Syn: aqâanaaq. Variant:anuàraaq; anuqsraaàuraaq.
anuqsru- vi. to endure, to bear great pain or sorrowwith fortitude; to be stoic; to be patient. Syn:igáutuq-; isiqsu-.

anuqsruitanuqsruit- vi. to to break down emotionally, toexpress grief and pain, to give way to tears andemotions.
anuqsruâiq n. endurance, fortitude, patience,
forbearance. Syn: manimmiágun.
anuqsrusi- vi. to become patient (throughexperience), to become stoical, to become
enduring. See: anuqsru-.
anusiñäuq- (C) vi. to be disciplined; to have learned
from punishment. Variant: anasriñäuq-.
anut n. harness; arm-sling. Variant: anu.
anuti- vt. to concede; to disclose; to confess.
anuulaq- vt. to harness a dog. See: anu-.
anuuvriulaq- vt. to harness (dog, reindeer).
aññaq (C) n. 1) cousin of the opposite sex. Syn:iááuq. 2) female cousin; girl friend (girls sameage). Syn: anaaq; uumaa; uumaaq.
aä (C) excl. "Here, take it!".
aäaaluk n. uncle. See: aäatchiaq; akkaakak.
aäaayu- vi. to pray. Variant: agaayu-.
aäaayuliqsi n. minister, pastor, missionary. Syn:quliaqtuaqti. Variant: agaayuliqsi.
aäaayuâiq n. prayer. Variant: agaayuâiq.
aäaayumaaàvigi- vt. to worship. Variant:agaayumaaàvigi-.
aäaayumaaq- vt. to worship. Variant:agaayumaaq-.
aäaayuqaq n. master, foreman, boss, leader. Variant:agaayuqaq.
aäaayuqaun n. 1) kingdom (of God). 2) greatness(of God). Syn: atanàuvik; aäalatchiãiq. See:aäaayuqqaq. Variant: agaayuqaun.
aäaayyiaqtuq- vi. to have gone to pray. Variant:agaayyiaqtuq-.
aäaayyun n. God. Variant: agaayyun.
aäaayyutiääuaq n. false god, idol. See:agaayyutiääuaq.
aäaayyuvik n. church building. Lit: 'place forprayer'. Variant: agaayyuvik.
aäak n. uncle (father's brother).
aäalarrun n. 1) spoon to stir soup. 2) authority,controlling power over something or someone.
See: aäalarrutiksraq.
aäalarrutiksraq n. 1) stirrer (for soup).
2) directive. See: maliàutaksraq.
aäalat- vt. 1) to stir. Syn: aulat-; aupiããak-. 2) torule, to lead, to supervise, to control. 3) tomanipulate, to boss, to control. Iñuich
aäalanniqâuktaiviaqtut. The people might
incite a riot.
aäalatchiãiq n. authority, power. Syn:saääiqutiqaâiq. See: aäalarrutiksraq;
aäalatchisi.
aäalatchiqsuaq n. wind-tossed wave.

aäayukâiqaäalatchiqsuaq- vi. to be manipulated, to bebossed.

aäalatchiri n. governor, director, officer, ruler. Syn:aäalati; ataniq; qaukâiq.

aäalatchisi n. authority, power. See: aäalatchiãiq.
aäalatchuànaq- vi. to be controllable, to be gentle.
See: piisaanàit-.

aäalati n. director, officer, governor. Syn:aäalatchiri; ataniq; qaukâiq.

aäalatiksrikkauma- vi. to be authorized. Syn:saääiqutiksrik-.

aäalatiqaq- vi. to be controlled (by), to be
governed.

aäalatiqaqtuaq ilitqusiàiksuamun

vi. to be
spiritual; to be directed by a (good) spirit.
aäalattaq- vt. to direct, to control.
aäallaàlukti n. 1) rough guy, ruffian, thug.
2) henchman. Variant: aäallaqâukti.
aäallaàluuti- vt. to intimidate, to handle roughly, tomaltreat. Syn: piaqâuktaq-. Variant:aäallaqâuuti-.
aäallannaqâuâiq n. riot, uproar.
aäallaqâuktaq n. victim of physical abuse.
Tikitmiuq aäallaqâuktaumun. He came to theperson who had been roughed up.
aäallaqâukti n. 1) rough guy, thug, bully.
2) henchman. See: aäallaàlukti.
aäallaqâuuti- vt. to intimidate, to handle roughly, tomaltreat. Syn: piaqâuktaq-; saqâak-;tigguqâuk-. See: aäallaàluuti-.
aäaâhisaaq- vi. to swing. Syn: aaâhuuq-.
aäaâhisaaqtuaqtuq- to swing continuously.
aäarraq- (C) vt. to behead an animal. Syn:niaquiq-; niaquaq-.
aäarrat (C) n. stakes to guide owls into a trap.
aäarrautaq n. cross. Syn: sanniàutaq.
aäatchiaq n. uncle (mother's younger brother). Syn:akkaakak. Variant: aäaaluk.
aäatkuaq- vt. to enchant, to bewitch, to perform
magic on.
aäatkuànaq n. medium (to communicate withspirits).
aäatkuq n. shaman, medicine man, witch doctor(using demonic powers). Syn: iáisiiáaq.
aäatkuuâiq n. magic, shaman's activity.
aäayu n. older brother. Syn: aniäa.
aäayu- vi. to dance Iñupiaq style. Syn: aààipiaq-;
sayuq-; taliq-; uyuk-. See: aääuaq-;
kanaakkiu-.
aäayukâiaàruk n. two-year-old caribou bull. Syn:
nukatagauraq.
aäayukâiàaq n. one-year-old caribou bull. Variant:aäayukâiq.
aäayukâiq n. 1) oldest child. 2) two-year-old caribou

42

aäayukâitqik

aäivraq-bull. See: aäayukâiaàruk.

aäiáàauti- vt. to take something/someone home.

nukatagaq.

aäiááuäa- vi. to be unsuccessful (fail to procure

aäayukâitqik n. three-year-old caribou bull. Syn:aäayuqaaàiich n. family (parents and children).
aäayuqaak n. parents (mother and father).
aäayuqaanàitchuaq n. 1) one who remained young(of older person). Lit: 'one who doensn't get old'.
2) poor or orphaned person; someone without
relatives; needy person. Syn: aàramiu;
iñuaàruk; iáaipak. Variant:aäayuqaaäitchuaq.
aäayuqaaäitchuaq n. 1) one who remained young(of older person). Lit: 'one who doensn't get old'.
2) poor or orphaned person; someone without
relatives; needy person. Syn: aàramiu;
iñuaàruk; iáaipak. Variant:aäayuqaanàitchuaq.
aäayuqaaq- vi. to age, to become old (of a man).
aäayuqaatchiak n. old couple, couple in old age.
Variant: aäayuqaksraatchiak.
aäayuqak n. old man. See: aäayuqaksraq.
Variant: aäayuqaksraatchiaq.
aäayuqaksraatchiak n. old couple, couple in oldage. Variant: aäayuqaatchiak.
aäayuqaksraatchiaq n. old man. Variant:aäayuqaksraq.
aäayuqaksraq n. old man. Variant:aäayuqaksraatchiaq; aäayuqaq.
aäayyun n. dance song.
aäi- vi. 1) to be big. 2) to return to life orconsciousness, to arise.
aäigi- vi. to be oversized, to be too big. See:aäinaaq-.
aäiàun n. agreement, covenant. Syn: aniàutaun;
aäiàutauruaq.
aäiàutauruaq n. covenant; agreement. Syn: aäiàun;
aniàutaun.
aäiiññaq- vi. to be unsuccessful in hunting (to fail toobtain game). See: aäiááuäa-.
aäilàisaaq- (C) vi. to swing. Variant: aäiâhisaaq-.
aäilàisaun (C) n. swing. Variant: aäiâhisaun.
aäiáaaàuliq- vi. to be homesick. Syn: aisuliq-.
aäiáaaq- vi. to go home. Aäiáaatmuktuäa. I am on
my way home. See: ai-.
aäiáaaqataaq- vi. to visit home (where one grew up,
though living somewhere else permanently).
Elsie aäiáaaqataaqtuq Anchorage-miñ Elsie
returned home from Anchorage (for a visit in her
hometown) See: iáaqapqaäa-; takupqaäa-.
Variant: aiqataaq-.
aäiáaaqsaq- vi. to rush home. Syn: aisaq-. Variant:aäiáaaqsauraq-.
aäiáaaqsima- vi. to remain at home, to stay home.
Syn: aimmi-.

43

Variant: aggisi-.

game). See: aäiiññaq-.

aäiááuq n. eddy.
aäiááuq- vi. to drift the wrong way.
aäiâhisaaq- vi. to swing. Variant: aäilàisaaq-.
aäiâhisaun n. swing. Variant: aäilàisaun.
aäinaaq- vt. to make something too large (e.g.,

garment). Atikâiaàa aäinaaàniàiga. I made myparka cover too large. See: aäigi-.
aäinaq n. magnifying glass.
aäiniq (C) n. risen soul. Variant: aäiruaq.
aäipkaiãiq n. resurrection. Variant: aäitqiãiq.
aäipkaq- vt. to resurrect; to resuscitate. Agaayyutim
Iàñiäa aäipkaàniàaa. God resurrected his son.
aäiptaq (C) n. unraveled edge, unraveled rope end.
Variant: aäivraq.
aäiq- vi. to say or nod 'yes'; to signify 'yes' by raisingeyebrows; to agree, to assent. See: aääaq-.
aäiqusaaq- vt. to tempt. Lit: 'to entice someone toagree'. Syn: ikãigusaaq-; kaviuàuksaaq-.
aäiqusraaqsii- vi. to be tempted. Variant:aäiqusaaqsii-.
aäiqusraaqsiiãiq n. temptation. Syn: ikãigutchaun;ikãisaaàun. See: aäiqusrautiksraq.
aäiqusrautiksraq n. temptation, cause for
tempting. Syn: ikãigutchaun. See:aäiqusraaqsiiãiq.
aäiruaq n. risen soul. Variant: aäiniq.
aäisit- (C) vt. to temper something. Syn:siqquqsipkaq-.
aäitqik- vi. to rise up again to life. Jesus aäitqiksuq
tuquâiàmiñiñ. Jesus rose up again (to life) fromhis death. Syn: makitqik-.
aäitqiãiq n. rising up (from death).
aäiuq- (C) vt. to take something back (after
recognizing a stolen item, or after selling anarticle or giving it away). See: satuq-; tasuq.
aäivit- vi. to become untangled, to come apart, tounravel, to loosen. Akâunaaq aäivittuq
qiáillautanàitáugu. The rope unraveled as it
was not tied well. See: kiluaq-.
aäivit- vt. to unravel, to disassemble, to take apart acomplex object, loosen. See: aäivraq-.
aäivraq n. something unraveled, unraveled rope end.
See: aäiptaq.
aäivraq- vt. to loosen; to unravel; to untie; todisassemble so as to render useless. Putum
aäivraàniàai qipputiäich. Putu loosened thescrews. See: aäivit-.
aäivraq- vi. to become unraveled. Akâunaaq
aäivraqtuq qiáillautanàitáugu. The rope
unraveled as it was not tied well. Syn: aggaq-;

aäivraun
qauq-.

aäivraun n. wrench.
aäivsi- vt. to disassemble. Putum aäivsigaa

aquppiutamik. Putu disassembled the chair.
See: aäivit-.
aäma dem.adv. across there: not visible. Syn: ikka;
agga. See: aämani, aämuäa, aämaääa,
aämuuna - see charts. Variant: akma;
akmani, akmuäa, akmakäa, akmuuna.
aämaaq (C) n. flint, chert, firestone. Variant:akmaaq.
aämaksraq (C) n. rainbow smelt. Osmerus mordax.
Syn: iâhuaàniq.
aämaluaq n. lip-plug, labret.
aämani dem.adv. located across there somewhere.
See: aäma. Variant: akmani.
aämaniaäagun through the general area acrossthere (vialis).
aämaniaäani located in the general area acrossthere (locative).
aämaniaäaniñ from the general area acrossthere (ablative).
aämaniaäanun toward the general area acrossthere (terminalis).
aämaniq n. vertical opening, deep hole.
aämaääa (C) dem.adv. from across there. See:aäma. Variant: akmakäa.
aämaääaq- vi. to come from across there.
aämaääauti- vt. to bring from across there(focus: goal).
aämaq- vt. 1) to open: to release from closed
position, to remove cover. 2) to initiate
operation: to turn on (radio, etc.), to open up(opportunity).
aämaun n. 1) key. 2) can opener.
aämuäa dem.adv. toward across there. See: aäma.
Variant: akmuäa.
aämuäatmun dem.adv. toward across there.
aämuäatmuk- vi. to transition toward acrossthere (focus: direction).
aämuäaq- vi. to go toward across there.
aämuäauti- vt. to take toward across there(focus: goal).
aämuuna dem.adv. through across there. See: aäma.
Variant: akmuuna.
aämuunaaq- vi. to go through across there(invisible).
aäna dem.pron. that one across there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: akkuak, akkua. Variant: agna.
agruma that one across there (Relative, sing.).
agrumani that one across there (locative).
agrumuäa toward that one across there(terminalis).
agrumakäa from that one across there

aäuniaqti(ablative).

agrumuuna through that one across there(vialis).

agrumatun like that one across there (similaris).
agrumiäa that one across there, with that one
across there (modalis).

aäniàiq- vi. to cease (of storm).
aäniàuutipchaq- vi. to be caught in a storm.
aäniñäu- (C) vi. to be stormbound, to be held up by
a blizzard. Variant: aäniñàu-.

aäniq n. blizzard, storm. Variant: agniq.
aäniq- vi. to be blizzardy. Aäniqsuq ikpaksraq. It
was blizzardy yesterday. Variant: agniq-.

aäniqsruq- (C) vt. to tease, to bother. Syn: aavri-;agak-.

aääaq- vi. to agree, to assent, to concede, to keepsaying 'yes'. See: aäiq-.

aääigi- vt. to deny something. Putum patchitñi

sagviàaa aääigikkani uqaqsitaaàviämi. Putu
revealed his guilt that he had denied in court.
Syn: itqunait-; piiáaaq-; suiáauri-.
aääiiyaq- (C) vt. to settle something, to put things
right with someone; to talk something over withsomeone; to set a situation right with someone.
Syn: patchisaiyaq-.
aääiqquti- vt. to conceal, to withhold, to keep asecret.
aääua! excl. don't. Variant: aääuuä!
aääuaq- vi. to dance, White man's style. Syn:kanaakkiu-. See: aàài-; aààipiaq-; uyuk-.
aääun n. game animal.
aääuuä! (C) excl. don't! Variant: aääua!
aäu- vt. 1) to obtain game, to be successful inhunting. 2) to catch up with s.o. or s.t.
aäuaq- vi. to paddle, to use an oar, to propel throughwater by means of a paddle.
aäugaatchauraq n. "little" old man.
aäugaatchiaq n. old man. See: aaquaksraatchiaq;
utuqqanaaq.
aäugauraq n. boy (before puberty). Syn:
nukatpiaàruk.
aäuàaq- vi. to play game of tag. Syn: aäuàauraq-.
aäuàauraq- vi. to play game of tag. Variant:aäuaàaq-.
aäukkau- vi. to get caught.
aäula- (C) vt. 1) to scrape fat off a bird skin. Syn:amiiàruk-; ikuk-; kiáigaq-; kiááiuqtaq-;mamiiq-; mitquiq-; qisiiq-; sakipsi-;
uqsruiyaq-. 2) to chew. Syn: tamuq-.
aäun n. man (male being).
aäunàiuq- (C) vt. to cook fresh game.
aäuniaq- vt. to hunt. See: qaluäniaq-.
aäuniaqqan n. hunting partner.
aäuniaqti n. hunter.

44

aäuniutit

apiqsruutri-

aäuniutit n. article of man's hunting gear (clothing,tools, etc.). Variant: aäutnaq.
aäunnaq (C) n. article of man's hunting gear
(clothing, tools, etc.). Syn: aäuniutit. Variant:aäutnaq.
aäuq- vt. 1) to catch game of the land. 2) to tag
someone (in a game of tag). Variant: aäuàaq-.
aäusalluq n. 1) game: male animal. 2) commendationof young man for his ability to do maleassociated things well. Variant: aäusralluq.
aäusiqi- vt. to chase, to pursue men (of a woman).
See: aàniqi-.
aäusralluq n. game: male animal. See: aäusalluq.
aäutaiyaaq (C) n. boy. Syn: nukatpiaàruk.
Variant: aäugauraq.
aäutau- (C) vi. to be virile (showing vigor); to be
masculine (having qualities associated with aman).
aäutauqan (C) n. 1) co-husband in a polyandrous
relationship; one of several men who share thesame wife. See: aipaq. 2) relative by wife
exchange. See: aànaqan.
aäutauqasi- vi. to exchange wives.
aäutili- (C) vi. to give birth to a male. See: iàñi-.
aäutilik (C) n. couple. Lit: 'women has a man'.
aäutiââak- vi. to impress females (said of a man).
Syn: iñuvik-.
aäutinik- (C) vi. to become married (of a woman).
Aànaq aäutiniktuq ikpaksraq. A woman got
married yesterday. See: nuliaq-; uiñik-.
aäutiqan n. cousin: father's brother's child.
aäutisrugruk n. ram, male sheep. Variant:aäusralluq.
aäutituq- vi. to commit adultery (of a woman). Lit:
'use a man'. Syn: aànatuq-; atlatuq-.
aäutituqsimaitchauq n. virgin.
aäutnaq n. article of man's hunting gear (clothing,tools, etc.). Syn: aäuniutit. Variant: aäunnaq.
aäutnuniq n. male partner, boy friend, husband;cousin.
aäutvak n. red berry (found on a leafy plant near the
ground). Variant: aäurvak.
aäuun n. 1) paddle, short oar. 2) one set of paired finson a fish.
aäuuq- vi. 1) to urinate accidentally (usually inpants). Syn: quàmaittuq-. 2) to give birth
before reaching the hospital, experience
accidental or premature release.
aäuutmik- vi. to row fast; to paddle fast. See:
ipput-. Variant: aäuunmik-.
aäuyak- vt. to fight, to battle.
aäuyaksaq- vt. to start a fight. Syn: iksaq-;
aäuyyiuqsiq-.
aäuyaksauti- vt. to fight back, to fight each other.

45

Syn: akiuàuti-; iksauti-.

aäuyaktaut n. fighters, military, armed forces.
aäuyakti n. fighter, soldier. Syn: aäuyyiaqtauq;
aäuyyiuqti; suàruk.

aäuyaâiq n. battle, fighting.
aäuyaun n. conflict, hostility.
aäuyautairrun n. peace. Lit: 'absence of conflict'.
Syn: qiñuiññaq.

aäuyautait- vi. to be peaceful, to be calm, to beserene, to be not hostile. Syn: qiñuisaaq-;
qiñuit-.
aäuyautnaq n. armor.
aäuyyiaqtauq n. soldier: person who went to war.
Aäuyyiaqtauq utiqtuq. The soldier returned
from war. Syn: aäuyakti; aäuyyiuqti; suàruk.
aäuyyiuqsiq- vt. to start a fight. Variant:aäuyaksaq-; iksaq-.
aäuyyiuqti n. soldier, warrior. Syn: aäuyakti;
aäuyyiaqtauq; suàruk.
apai! excl. enough! plenty! Variant: apai-tara.
apaigi- vi. to have enough, to be satisfied.
Apaigigiga tupquraqaâiàa. I am satisfied that
I have a little house of my own.
apaiq- vi. to be plentiful. Apaiqsuäa. I have enough!
apairrigaq excl. excessive! too much! Syn: araaq!;
apai.
api- vi. to become snow-covered.
apiài- vt. to ask, to question. Syn: apiqsruq-;
apiqsruutigi-; apiqsruutri-. Variant:apiqsri-.
apilàammiaq n. fresh snow. Syn: aputiqqaaq.
Variant: apiqqammiaq.
apima- vi. to be snow-covered. Syn: apiäa-.
apiäa- (C) vi. to be snow-covered. Variant: apima-.
apiqqaaàun n. first snow. Syn: aputiqqaaq;
aputitchauraq.
apiqqammiaq n. fresh snow. Syn: aputiqqaaq. See:apilàammiaq.
apiqqun (C) n. question. See: apiqsruun.
apiqsri- vt. to ask. Syn: apiqsruq-; apiqsruutigi-;
apiqsruutri-. Variant: apiài-.
apiqsruq- vt. to ask. Putum quliaqtuaqti
apiqsruàniàaa Uqaàmik. Putu asked thepreacher about Uqaq. Putu apiqsruqtuq
quliaqtuaqtimun Uqaàmik. Putu asked apreacher about Uqaq. Syn: apiài-; apiqsri-;
apiqsruutigi-; apiqsruutri-.
apiqsruun n. question. See: apiqqun.
apiqsruutigi- vt. to question someone, to ask about.
Putum apiqsruutigigaa Miiyuk
quliaqtuaqtimun. Putu questioned the preacher
about Miiyuk. Syn: apiài-; apiqsri-;
apiqsruq-. Variant: apiqsruutri-.
apiqsruutri- vt. to question someone. Putu

apitchiqapiqsruutriruq quliaqtuaqtimun
pisigiplugich iñuich. Putu questioned thepreacher on behalf of the people. Syn: apiài-;apiqsri-; apiqsruq-. Variant: apiqsruutigi-.
apitchiq- vi. to be covered by snowdrift.
Apitchiàitka qiáàitka iáaksitlaiqãugich.
Snowdrifts covered my sled because I left it
there. Syn: aniuvak; qimuagruk-.
apitchiq (C) n. 1) snowdrift, snow bank. Syn:qimuagruk; aniuvak. 2) female polar bearwith cubs in hollow snowdrift.
apkua dem.pron. those over there (plural). See:amna, apkuak.
apkunani located at those over there (locative).
apkunuäa toward those over there (terminalis).
apkunakäa from those over there (ablative).
Variant: apkunaääa (C).
apkunuuna through those over there (vialis).
apkunatun like those over there (similaris).
apkuniäa those over there, with those over there(modalis).
apkuak dem.pron. those two over there (dual). See:amna, apkua.
apkuänaäni those two over there (locative).
apkuänuäa toward those two over there(terminalis).
apkuänakäa from those two over there(ablative). Variant: apkuänaääa (C).
apkuänuuna through those two over there(vialis).
apkuänaktun like those two over there(similaris).
apkuäniäa those two over there, with those twoover there (modalis).
apluq- vi. to step, to take a step. Syn: tutisraq-.
Variant: avluq-.
apqaâak- (C) vt. to eat quickly, to wolf down. Syn:aâhatit-.
apqugaatchiaq n. boardwalk.
apqun n. path, way, trail, road.
apqusaaq- vi. to pass, to travel through. Syn:aniàuq-.
apqusraaq- vi. to pass, to travel through. Syn:aniàuq-.
apqusraiññaq- vi. to pass through without
stopping. Syn: paaqsaaàuti-. See: apqusraaq-.
apqutait- vi. to be impassable. Lit: '(to be without
trail)'.
apsak- vi. to make a noise when falling. Variant:
apsakkutaq-.
apsakulak n. sudden, dull sound: a thud; thump.
See: apsatitaq-.
apsaluk- vi. to be noisy when working, to makepounding noises. Variant: avsaluk-.

aqagutaaq- (C)apsatitaq- vi. to make noise (wind). See:
apsakulak.

apta- vi. to be busy. Putu aptaruq. Putu is busy.
apuàaitkutaq n. front bow (of sled). Variant:apuàiitkutaq; apuyaitäutaq (C).

apuàaksaaq- vi. to come to shore, to dock. Syn:tulak-.

apuàautituq- (C) vi. to feast on shore after

successful whaling, to celebrate success.

apuàiitkutaq n. front bow (of sled). Variant:apuàaitkutaq; apuyaitäutaq.

apuàun n. front crosspiece (of a sled). See: sivuàun.
apummaak (C) n. sled runners. Syn: aglu;
misaktiq; siku; sikkuk.

apummaaq (C) n. rib of a boat, slat of a qayaq. Syn:tulimaaq.

apun n. snow, soft snow. Syn: aniu.
apuq- vi. to bump: to strike against something; to run
into something. Syn: aktua-.

apuqataq- vi. to bump, to collide with s.t., to touch
inadvertently without intentions. Syn: aktua-.

apuqtinniq (C) n. ice pushed ashore and grounded.
Syn: kisisaq.

aputikuaàun n. snowmobile. See: igliàun.
aputiqqaaàun n. first snow. Syn: aputitchauraq.
See: aputiqqaaq.

aputiqqaaq n. first snow. Syn: aputiqqaaàun;

aputitchauraq. See: apilàammiaq;
apiqqammiaq.
aputitchauraq n. first snow. Syn: aputiqqaaq;
aputiqqaaàun.
aputyaq (C) n. snow block shelter; snow patch; asnow house.
apuyaitäutaq n. front bow (of sled). Variant:apuàiitkutaq; apuàaitkutaq.
apyuala- vi. to swirl and rise (of vapor, steam, etc),
to steam. Saiñik apyualaruq imiq qallatman.
The kettle is steaming when the water is boiling.
apyuàruaq n. big storm with low visibility and flying
snow. Syn: apyuuàruaq.
apyuq n. 1) steam. Variant: avyuq. 2) dust. See:apyuala-; apyuula-.
apyuq- vi. 1) to evaporate: to give off steam orvapor. 2) to steam, to give off steam.
apyutit- vt. to blow snow (or dust or sand). Anuài
apyutitkaa apun. The wind is blowing up
snow. Aqsraqtuat apqun apyutitkaatmaààaàmik. Cars raise flying dust on theroads.
apyuuàruaq n. big storm with low visibility andflying snow. Variant: apyuàruaq (C).
aqagu (C) excl. later! wait! Syn: maatnugu.
Variant: aqagun.
aqagutaaq- (C) vt. to delay, to procrastinate. Syn:46

aqak-

aqpiksri-

aannagutaaq- (C); ayuqi-; aatnagutaaq-;
uvlaakkutaaq-; maatnagutaaq-; tikiutchiq-.
aqak- vi. to sing a lullaby. Syn: mapsaq-.
aqak- (C) vt. to fight, to play rough, to tease.
aqalugruaq n. salmon (chum). Oncorhyunchus
keta. See: iqalugruaq; qalugruaq.
aqaluk (C) n. fish. See: qaluk; iqaluk.
aqaluk- (C) vt. to catch fish. See: iqaluk-; qaluk-.
aqalukpik (C) n. 1) trout. 2) arctic char. Salvelinus
alpinus. See: qalukpik; iqalukpik.
aqaluäniaq- (C) vi. to fish, to go fishing. See:
iqaluäniaq-; qaluäniaq-.
aqaluäniaqti (C) n. fisherman: one who catches
fish. See: iqaluäniaqti; qaluäniaqti.
aqalupiaq n. whitefish; any species of white fish.
Syn: aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalupiaq;
qalusraaq; qausriáuk; quptik; siraatchiaq;
tipuk.
aqamak- vi. 1) to arm-wrestle, to wrestle with wrists
interlocked. 2) to compete in a finger pull. Syn:argaämik-.
aqamak- (C) vi. to cross one's arms.
aqapiáuk- (C) vi. to grumble, to mumble. Syn:
imäaluk-; nipaiáuksi-; niplia-; tusaqâiàaq-;uqapiáuk-.
aqargigiaq n. Sabine's gull. Xema sabini. Syn:iqirgagiaq.
aqargiq n. willow ptarmigan. Lagopus lagopus.
aqaun (C) n. lullaby. Syn: mapsaun. See: aqak-.
aqayak n. 1) wet mud. 2) wet snow. Syn:aqiáuqqaq; maquyak. Variant: aqaya (C).
aqayaqisaaq n. bog, marsh (wetlands). Syn:mauyaqisaaànaq. See: imaqhaq.
aqayaqisaaq- vi. to mire: to stick or to sink in mire.
Syn: mau-; mauraàaq-; mauyaqisaaq-;
muàruk-.
aqh! excl. wow!
aqi- vt. to kick. Putum aqsraaq aqigaa. Putu
kicked the ball. Syn: aqsraq-; isigagmik-;kikmik-.
aqiaàuàiit- vi. to have chronic stomach pain.
aqiaàunäu- vi. to have acute stomach pain.
aqiaàuq n. stomach.
aqiaq n. belly. Syn: narraak.
aqiaviñiq n. belly fat, abdominal fat; outer flesh ofhuman torso.
aqigái- vi. to become tender. Qaluich aqigáirut. The
fish got soft. Qaluich aqigáigai. The fish
became tender (soft). See: aqit-.
aqigáipkaq- vt. to tenderize, to make soft. Aànam
niqi aqigáipkaàaa. The woman tenderized themeat. See: aqit-. Variant: agiáitchiq-.
aqiáàuq n. soft area.
aqiáitchii- vi. to simmer (of meat until it is tender).

47

Tulimaat aqiáitchiirut utkusriäni. The ribs
are simmering in the pot.
aqiáitchii- vt. to simmer meat, to cook gently below
boiling point. Aànam tulimaat aqiáitchiigai.
The woman simmers the ribs.
aqiáitchiq- vt. to tenderize, to make soft. Aànam
siulik aqiáitchiàniàaa. The woman let the pike(fish) get soft. Variant: aqigáipkaq-.
aqiáuq n. light snow, too deep for walking.
aqiáuqqaq n. 1) soft snow. Syn: maquyak; miáik.
2) soft spot. Syn: aqayak; maquyak; mauya.
aqit- vi. 1) to be tender, to be soft. 2) to be brittle.
aqâa n. draft.
aqâa- vi. to be drafty. Arii, igaliqput aqâaâallaktuq.
Oh my, our window is very drafty.
aqâanaaàun n. fan. Variant: aqâayaaàun.
aqâanaaq n. breeze. Syn: anuqâaaq.
aqâanaaq- vi. to be breezy.
aqâanaaqtit- vt. to fan something, to direct air uponsomeone or something.
aqâayaaàun (C) n. fan. See: aqâanaaàun.
aqâayaaq (C) n. light breeze in calm weather. Syn:anuqsralaaq. See: aqâanaaq.
aqpaaq- vt. to run a message, often at whaling toannounce a catch.
aqpaliàaq- vi. 1) to run about. 2) to trot, to proceed
faster than a walk. Syn: pitchuuqsraaq-.
aqpaliurraq (C) n. footrace. See: aqpaliutraq.
aqpaliurraq- (C) vi. to run a race. See:
aqpaliutraq-.
aqpaliutraq n. footrace. Variant: aqpaliurraq;
aqpaqsruqautraq.
aqpaliutraq- vi. to run a race. Variant:aqpaliurraq-.
aqpaqsruayuuq n. 1) sanderling (small shore bird).
Crocethia alba. Variant: aqpaqsruqti. 2) rednecked grebe. Mergus serrator.
aqpaqsruq- vi. to run fast.
aqpaqsruqti n. 1) runner. 2) sanderling. Crocethia
alba. Variant: aqpaqsruayuuq.
aqpat- vi. to run, to run a distance (human). See:paäalik-.
aqpattaq n. messenger, visiting from another village.
aqpigi- vt. 1) to resent someone as undesirable. See:
isrumanäu-. 2) to refuse to accept someone's
presence and send the person away. Variant:aqpiksri-.
aqpik n. salmonberry, cloud berry. Rubus
chamaemorus.
aqpiksraq n. bloom of the salmonberry. Aqpiksrat
nuiyaqsianiktut. Salmonberry bloomings
began to appear already.
aqpiksri- vt. 1) to resent someone as undesirable.
See: isrumanäu-. 2) to refuse to accept

aqqaasomeone's presence and send the person away.
Variant: aqpigi-.
aqqaa excl. Oh that smell!
aqqalugiik (C) n. siblings: girl and her younger
brother.
aqqaluk (C) n. girl's younger brother.
aqsaaq- vi. to play a game: two sitting opponents try
to win by pulling away a handle from the otherperson.
aqsak- vt. 1) to grab, to grasp. Syn: akkiqsiq-;
qisuk-; tigguq-. See: aatiq-; aqtaq-. 2) tocheat.
aqsaktuaq- vt. to take advantage. See: aqsak-.
aqsaurraq- vt. to fight over something, to try to gain
possession of something. Syn: aqsak-.
aqsraaliuq- vi. to make a ball. Putu
aqsraaliuqtuq ikpaksraq. Putu made a ballyesterday.
aqsraaq n. ball.
aqsraaq- vi. to play ball, especially bouncing andkicking it.
aqsraaqtuq to keep playing ball, especiallybouncing and kicking it. Lit: 'using a ball'. Syn:aqsriqi-.
aqsraatchaun (C) n. high-kick ball. See:aqsraatchiaq.
aqsraatchiaq n. high-kick ball. Variant:aqsraatchaun.
aqsraatchiaq- vi. to compete in high-kick (ballgame).
aqsraq- vt. to kick something repeatedly with the toe.
Syn: aqi-; isigagmik-; kikmik-.
aqsrautraq- vi. to play football. See: aqsraaq.
aqsravaluq- vi. to be round. Variant: aqvaluq-.
aqsravaluqtaaq n. round item, something round(e.g. ball).
aqsravaluqtaq (C) n. bicep muscle. Variant:aqvaluaq.
aqsri- (C) vi. 1) to harden up (of biceps). 2) to makea ball. See: aqsraaliuq-.
aqsriñiq n. hardened bicep muscle. See: aqsri-.
Variant: aqsriäiq.
aqsriäiq n. bicep. Syn: aqvaluaq. See: nukigáuk.
Variant: aqsriñiq.
aqsriqi- vi. to play ball, to play basket ball.
Nukatpiat aqsriqirut. The boys are playing
basket ball. Syn: aqsraaq-.
aqtaq- (C) vt. to steal, to swipe, to take another'sthings repeatedly. Syn: aqsak-; tiglik-.
aqtuq- (C) vi. to be weak: lacking in strength, unable
to move heavy object. Syn: paya-.
aqu pos.base. back area. Syn: kiñu.
aquani behind, at the back. Putu aquaniumiam siñiäniqsuq. Putu slept in the back ofaquvsallakthe boat. Syn: kiñuani; tunuani.

aquagun later. Aquagun Paul-äum

uqautipsaaàniàai Later Paul told them more .
Syn: kiñuagun.
aqu n. 1) stern: the rear end of a boat. 2) beaver.
aquàun n. sled bag.
aqulliq n. the last one, the end of something. Syn:kiñulliq.
aqulliqsaaq- vi. to complete one's work, to do thelast job. Syn: kiñulliqsaaq-.
aquppi- vi. to sit. Putu aquppiñäuliqsuq
agaayyuviämi. Putu got tired of sitting inchurch.
aquppiugaq- vi. to remain seated.
aquppiuq- (C) vi. to sit around, to sit in one spot
continuously. Variant: aquppiuraaq-.
aquppiuraaq- vi. to sit around idly. Syn:aquppiuq-.
aquppiutaq n. chair.
aquppiutchi- vt. to build a chair. Putu
aquppiutchiñiaqtuq uvlaakun. Putu is goingto make a chair tomorrow.
aqupsaaq- vi. to perch (ptarmigan landing in it's
peculiar way).
aquptaaq- vi. to get into a comfortable sitting
position.
aquptitak n. fur boots (fur on the bottom side of thesole, usually fur taken from just above the hoofs,
for traction).
aquptitaqti n. usher. Syn: inillaktuqti.
aqut- vt. 1) to pilot, to guide a boat. 2) to steer a boat.
Variant: aquttuq-.
aqutmun pos.adv. toward behind, backward.
aquttauq n. pilot, helmsman. Variant: aqutti.
aqutti n. 1) pilot, boat captain. 2) helmsman, boat
captain. Variant: aquttauq.
aquun n. rudder.
aquvasik- vi. to be far behind. Syn: kiñuvasrik-;kiäuvasik-. Variant: aquvasrik-.
aquvatigun adv. afterwards, later. Syn:kiñuvatigun.
aquviq- vt. to buy. Syn: tauqsiq-.
aquvit- vi. to sit down.
aquvlik- vi. to have too much weight in the back of
the boat (so the boat drives at slanting angle).
aquvliktaq- to have too much weight in the backof a boat every time it is used (thus continuously
driving at slanting angle).
aquvlik- vi. to bend knees (as in Eskimo dancing, ofwomen).
aquvsallak- vi. to fall backward and land in a sitting
position on one's posterior (accident). Syn:nivvaktaq-; nivàallak-; nuluaq-; tunuallak-.
Variant: aquvsallaaq-; aqupsallak-.

48

aqvaluaq (C)arriqsinniq

aqvaluaq (C) n. bicep, upper arm muscle. Syn:aqsriäiq; aqsriñiq. See: nukigáuk.
aqvaluq- vi. to be round. Syn: aqsravaluq-.
Variant: aàvaluq-.
araa! excl. too much! Variant: araavai!; apai!
araa! excl. "I've had it!" -- expression of anger or
disgust. Syn: alai!
araaq- vi. to be excessive (too loud, too talkative, etc).
Syn: apai!; apairrigaq; ayuàiiái-.
araaqtui- vt. to comfort. Syn: arak-.
araaqtuq- vt. to encourage. Syn: siimasaaq-.
Variant: araaqtui-.
arak- vt. to comfort, to exhort, to encourage. Aanam
tutitchiani arakkaa. Grandmother comforts
her grandchild. Syn: sikhasaaq-;sikhatchauài-. Variant: arakâiq-.
arakâiq- vt. to comfort, to exhort, to encourage. Aana
arakâiqsuq tutitchiaàmiñik. Grandmother is
comforting her grandchild. See: arak-.
arakti n. comforter.
araummaa! (C) excl. expression of pain, sorrow, or
disappointment. Syn: annii! ; arii!
arausriaqaâiq n. the comfort one has received andexperienced.
argaaq n. glove.
argaak pair of gloves.
argaaq- vt. to put gloves on someone. Aakam
argaaàaa panni. Mother puts gloves on her
daughter.
argaaqtuq- to put gloves on someone.
argaich n. hand; fingers.
argaiàñaq n. poisonous mushroom.
argak n. 1) hand. 2) finger, digit. See: argaich.
argak- (C) vt. to dig with hands; to paw (in sand,snow, etc.).
argalaq n. clubs (suit in card game).
argaämigaq n. finger pull (game of strength).
argaämik- vi. 1) to compete in finger pull. Syn:aqamak-. 2) to make a fist. Variant:argagmik-.
argaäniq n. hand breadth (a measure). Variant:argagniq.
argaun (C) n. wrist. Syn: tayaàniq.
argaunmik- (C) vi. to do the wrist pull (game ofstrength). Syn: tayaàmigaq-.
argauti- (C) vt. to bury, put in the grave. See:
iáuviq-.
argiàvik n. roasting pan, oven.
argiq n. roasting spit. Syn: qaurriñ; qikautaq. See:argiq-.
argiq- vt. to roast on a spit over open fire, to bake orroast fish or meat. Syn: qauri-. See: kakiak-.
argiutaq n. roasting stick: stick on which to putmeat or fish when roasting it over camp fire.

49

Syn: qikautaq.

arguagi- vt. to daunt; to doubt.
arguagiyumiñaiq- vt. to remove doubt.
arguaànaq- vi. to be doubtful, to be doubtable. See:arguasruk-.

arguani pos.adv. 1) located on the windward side.

2) located upriver. Arguani tupqum ittuq. It is
located [some ways] upriver from the house.
arguaäa- vi. to be impudent; to be defiant; to be
audacious; to be rude (any of these caused byfeelings of inadequacy or immaturity). Syn:kiiñaàniq; attaqsrait-; iáisimaniraaq-;
taluqsrautaiq-; tutqaanaq-.
arguaqquti- (C) vt. to doubt something. Syn:nalupqisuk-.
arguaqtuq- vt. to disbelieve.
arguaqtuqtuaq n. doubter.
arguasruk- vi. to be doubtful about something. See:arguaànaq-. Variant: arguasuk-.
arguàaq- vi. to travel against the wind. See:tunuluqqaaq-. Variant: arguq-.
arguàaq (C) n. land open to the prevailing wind.
arguiáisaq n. shelter from the wind.
arguq n. direction of wind, direction the wind iscoming from.
arguq- vi. 1) to travel against the wind. Syn:
paaqtuq-; tunuluqaaq-. Variant: arguàaq-;argutmuk-. 2) to travel upriver, to travel
against the stream of water. See: ataaq-;
atqaqsaaq-.
arguqâiñaaq n. area upriver.
arguqâiq n. 1) windswept area, area not shelteredfrom wind. 2) area upriver.
argutmuk- vi. to travel against the wind. Syn:
paaqtuq-. See: paggaq-; paqqiuq. Variant:arguàaq-; arguq.
arii! excl. expression of pain, sorrow, or
disappointment. Syn: araummaa! ; annii! See:
iiii.
ariila- vi. to moan (as from sickness, etc.). Syn: iila-.
ariiq- vi. to cry out in pain. See: araa; arii.
arri (C) n. likeness, copy. Variant: atri.
arri- (C) vt. 1) to collect blood for broth in dog food.
2) to make broth from blood in dog food.
arrigiik (C) n. look-alike, two items looking alike.
Variant: atrigiik.
arrikusaun (C) n. parable for teaching purposes,"object lesson". Variant: atrikusaun;
atrikusraun.
arriái- (C) vt. to draw a likeness of someone. See:titiq-. Variant: atriái-.
arriq- vi. to get a blood transfusion.
arriqi- vi. to bleed from the mouth.
arriqsinniq n. 1) bloody bruise, spot where blood

arriqsitshows. Syn: anaqtinniq; taaqtinniq. 2) bloody
skin of an animal. Syn: augialik.
arriqsit- vt. to bruise, to injure without breaking theskin.
arriuq- vt. to mix blood with water to make broth fordog food.
arruk- vi. to become damp. Syn: aiáaqsi-. See:arruumaaq-.
arruumaaq- vi. to be damp. Syn: aiáaq-. See:arruk-.
arvaq- (C) vi. to descend, to go down, to comedown. Variant: atqaq-.
arvaq- (C) vt. 1) to deepen something. 2) to lower
something. Syn: pukâi-. Variant: atvaq-.
arvik (C) n. 1) chopping board, flat rock used as
chopping board. 2) anvil. Syn: kaugvik.
asi (C) adv. nothing.
asiaàniaq- (C) vi. to go berry picking. Variant:asriaàniaq-.
asiaàruaq n. 1) old berries (still on bushes fromprevious year). Variant: asriaàruaq. 2) potato(C). Syn: utqiq.
asialivik n. berry patch, place where berries grow.
Syn: asrialivik.
asiaq n. 1) berry. 2) fruit. Variant: asriaq.
asiaq saunaalik n. prune. Lit: 'fruit with a bone'.
Syn: iyaàalik. Variant: asriaq saunaalik.
asiaqpak n. fresh fruits. Variant: asriaqpak.
asiaqutaq n. vine (plant that produces berries, or
grapes [for wine]). Variant: asriaqutaq.
asiavik n. blueberry. Vaccinium uliginosum.
Variant: asriavik.
asiaviqutat n. blueberry bushes (C). Variant:asriaviqutat.
asiàñiq n. front part of a sled, at the bend in therunners (C). Syn: asriutaq. Variant: asriàñiq.
asiàui- (C) vi. to realize something was based on
illusion, to realize something was not what one
thought it was.
asiàvik n. skeleton frame used to bend sled fender orhandle bar. Variant: asriàvik.
asiiáaq n. shirt, blouse (sleeveless). See: kaigauraq.
Variant: asriiáaq.
asik voc. "dear one" (vocative).
asiksruq- vt. to insult. Syn: piiñàiqsruq-.
asiáiqi- (C) vi. to talk indecently, to talk unsuitably.
Syn: piiäiáiqi-; piiñàiáiqi-. Variant: asriáiqi-.
asiñiáa- (C) vi. to be loose (of clothing), to be baggy.
asiñuk- vi. to set aside (and in reserve). Atnuàaatin
asiñukkich. Take your clothes (out of the bag
and put them) somewhere. Syn: ilaaguaq-.
Variant: asriñuk-.
asiñun pos.adv. anywhere; somewhere. Variant:asriñun.

asriavik
asiäñaq- (C) vi. to be misleading, to be deceptive.
Variant: asriäñaq-.

asiäuäa- vi. 1) to be spoiled (food). Syn:piiñàiqsima-. 2) to be pale. Syn: misuit-.
Variant: asriäuäa-.
asiäuq- vi. to spoil, to decay. Syn: piiñàiq-; au-;
mamaqsuäniq-; maqu-; puvlak-. See:kupsuk-. Variant: asriäuq-.
asiäuqsaaq- (C) vt. to fault someone else.
asiäuun n. corruption. Syn: aggun; piiñàiun;qaayuànaâiq.
asiq n. sleeve. Variant: aiq.
asiq- vi. 1) to put one's arm into a sleeve. Syn: aiq-;
qumik-. 2) to nod one's head while others dance(C).
asiq- vt. to bend wood (e.g. runner, fender, handle bar
on a sled). Putum aglu asiàaa Putu bends the(sled) runner See: put-. Variant: asriq-.
asiqsi- vt. to bend wood for a sled fender or a handlebar. See: asiq-. Variant: asriqsi-.
asirriruksraq n. yield, harvest (production),
expected crop.
asirriugaq n. cooked cranberries or blueberries.
Variant: asrirriugaq.
asisuàvik (C) n. indecent act.
asitqut n. liquid that is spilled besides a container.
Variant: asritqut.
asitqut- vt. to miss a target, e.g. liquid that missed thecontainer. Variant: asritqut-.
asiu- (C) vi. to be useless.
asivaq- (C) vi. to be set aside, to be set apart, to beplaced out to be available for common use. Syn:sanivaq-.
asulu (C) adv. word used when agreeing withspeaker. Syn: taatnaluasru.
asriaàiaq- vi. to produce fruit, berries. Syn:asrirriqi-.
asriaàiaqtuaq n. person who picks berries.
asriaàniaq- vi. to go berry picking. Variant:asiaàniaq-.
asriaàruaq n. 1) old berries (still on bushes fromprevious year). 2) potato (C). Syn: utqiq.
Variant: asiaàruaq.
asriaàruaq- vi. to allow blueberries to ferment.
asrialivik n. berry patch, place where berries grow.
Syn: asialivik.
asriaq n. 1) berry. 2) fruit. Variant: asiaq.
asriaq saunaalik n. prune. Lit: 'a fruit with a bone'.
Syn: iyaàalik. Variant: asiaq saunaalik.
asriaqpak n. fresh fruits. Variant: asiaqpak.
asriaqutaq n. vine (plant that produces berries, or
grapes [for wine]). Variant: asiaqutaq.
asriatchiaq n. raisin.
asriavik n. blueberry. Vaccinium uliginosum.

50asriaviqutat

atausiaq- (C)(for camping). Variant: atiq-.

Variant: asiavik.

asriaviqutat n. blueberry bushes. Variant:ataata n. grandfather, great-uncle.
ataiq- (C) vi. to be completely disconnected. Syn:asiaviqutat.

asriàñiq n. front end of sled, at the bend in therunners. Syn: asriutaq; apuàun; sivuàun.
Variant: asiàñiq.
asriàvik n. skeleton frame used to bend sled fender orhandle bar. Syn: asriutaq. Variant: asiàvik.
asriiáaq n. shirt, blouse (sleeveless). See: kaigauraq.
Variant: asiiáaq.
asriáiqi- vi. talk indecently, talk unsuitably. Syn:piiäiáiqi-; piiñàiáiqi-. Variant: asiáiqi-.
asriñi- vi. to be left out in the open, to be left in an
open spot. Syn: putchiq-.
asriñuk- vi. to set aside (and in reserve).
Atnuàaatin asriñukkich. Take your clothes
out of the bag and put them anywhere. Variant:asiñuk-.
asriñun pos.adv. anywhere; somewhere. Variant:asiñun.
asriäñaq- vi. to be misleading, to be deceptive.
Variant: asiäñaq-.
asriäuäa- vi. 1) spoiled (food item). Syn: pigiiáiq-;piiñàiq-. 2) to be pale. Syn: misruit-. Variant:asiäuäa-.
asriäuq- vi. to spoil, to decay. Syn: piiñàiq-; au-.
Variant: asiäuq-.
asriq- vt. to bend wood (e.g. runner, fender, handle
bar on a sled). Putum aglu asriàaa Putu bends
the (sled) runner Variant: asiq-; asiqsi-.
asrirriqi- vt. produce fruit. Syn: asriaàiaq-.
asrirriugaq n. cooked cranberries or blueberries ordried fruit. Variant: asirriugaq.
asritqut n. liquid that is spilled besides a container.
Variant: asitqut.
asritqut- vt. to miss a target, e.g. liquid that misses
the container. Syn: uniuq-. Variant: asitqut-.
asriutaq n. front end of sled, at the bend in therunners. Variant: asriàñiq; asiàñiq; sivuàun.
asru- vi. 1) to lie with a woman, to make love to a
woman. 2) to visit a friend (opposite sex,
possibly for making love).
-asru encl. 1) should. 2) wishing. Taraluasru. So,
that's what it is (surprise). maatnaasru See:uvvatuq.
ata- vi. to be attached, to be connected. Akâunaaq
ataruq umiamun. The rope is connected to theboat. See: atasri-.
ataa n. the bottom; the underside of something. Lit:
'its underside'.
ataaguutituaq n. betrayer, treacherous person.
ataaq- vi. to travel downriver. Syn: atiqsaaq;
atqaqsaaq-.
ataaqtuq- vi. 1) to go whaling. 2) to come downriver51

pituiq-; qiáiuq-.

atakkiataä (C) conj. because. Syn: takku. Variant:atakkii.

atakkii (C) conj. because. Syn: takku. Variant:atakkiataä.

ataâiq n. connection. See: ata-.
atammak (C) n. palm skin of walrus flipper. See:alaaq.

atanàiq- vi. to become free, to become unconnected.
atanàirrun (C) n. liberty. See: atanàit-.
atanàuniaq- vi. to domineer, to be bossy.
atanàuruaq n. Lord (Jesus).
atanàutu- vi. to be bossy, to be autocratic. Lit: 'loves
to be boss'.

atanàuvik n. rulership. See: ataniq.
ataniànaqqun n. authority. See: ataniq.
ataniääuaq n. city councilman. Syn: imatnaaqti;
uqaqsitaaqtitchiri. See: ataniq.

ataniq n. 1) judge. Syn: atanniqsuqti. 2) boss,

master. Syn: qaukâiq. 3) leader, president. Syn:aäalatchiri; qaukâiq. 4) lord, king. Syn:aäalati; umialik.
ataniq n. isthmus.
ataniqsraq- (C) vi. to be fearful, to be afraid to ask afavor. Syn: manäait-; tataigi-; taluqsraq-.
atanniàusriutraq (C) n. verdict, judgment. Syn:atanniuàun. See: atanniq-.
atanniiãiq n. judgment (act).
atannik- vi. to receive a (new) ruler. See: ataniq;
ataniksraq.
atanniq- vt. to pronounce a verdict.
atanniqsi n. ruler, judge.
atanniqsimarait- vi. to be independent. Lit: 'no one
to be (my) ruler'.
atanniqsiuq- vt. to comply, to do what one is told.
atanniqsuq- vt. 1) to rule, to judge. See: isivàiq-.
2) to command something requiring compliance.
atanniqsuqti n. judge.
atanniuàun n. verdict, judgment. Syn:atanniàusriutraq. See: atanniq-.
atanniusriaqaâiq n. verdict, judgment (result). Syn:atanniuvik; isivàiun.
atanniuvik n. judgment (occasion of ...). Syn:atanniusriaqaâiq; isivàun.
ataraaq n. 1) one-piece garment covering whole
body, coveralls, union suit. 2) dress.
ataramik adv. always.
atarraaq n. traveler, going downriver. See: ataaq-.
atasri- vt. to connect. See: qiáiq-. Variant: ata-.
atausiaq- (C) vi. to do once; to do it all in one
attempt. Variant: atausriaq-.

atausiiñaq

atipiaq

atausiiñaq vi. to be identical, the very same. See:atchiksi- vi. 1) to become humble. 2) to becomeatausiäuàniq (C) n. Monday. Syn: savaliiãiq.

atchiãiq n. humility.
atchiq- vt. 1) to name someone or a thing. Syn:atausriiñaq.

Variant: atausiäuàun.

atausiäuàun (C) n. 1) unity. 2) Monday. Variant:atausiäuàniq.
atausiäuq- (C) vi. to become one, unite. Variant:atausriäuq-.
atausiq (C) n. the number one. Variant: atausriq.
atausiukutaaq- (C) vi. to work one at the time, tothings individually. Putulu iáannatlu
atausiukutaaqhutiä savaktut. Putu and his
friends were working (the job) one at the time.
See: malàuutaaq-. Variant: atausriukutaaq-.
atausiumman n. 1) singular, in Iñupiatun grammar.
2) unity (C). See: atausiäuàun. Variant:atausriumman.
atausriaq- vi. to do once, to do it all in one attempt.
See: atausiaq-.
atausriiñaq vi. to be identical, the very same.
Variant: atausiiñaq.
atausriäuàun n. unity. Variant: atausiäuàun.
atausriäuq- vi. to become one, to unite. Syn:aulaiáaäuq-. Variant: atausiäuq-.
atausriq n. one (the number). Variant: atausiq.
atausriukutaaq- vi. to work one at the time, towork individually. Putulu iáannatlu
atausiukutaaqhutiä savaktut. Putu and his
friends were working (the job) one at the time.
See: malàuukutaaq-. Variant:atausiukutaaq-.
atausriumman n. 1) unity. 2) singular, in Iñupiatun
grammar. See: atausriäuàun. Variant:atausiumman.
ataut- vi. to go beneath, to go underneath something.
ataut- vt. to miss the mark, to shoot below the mark.
Syn: asitqut-; inuq-.
atautchiiãiq n. unity, one accord.
atautchikun adv. together. Variant: atautchimi.
atautchimi adv. once, at one time.
atautchimi adv. together. Variant: atautchikun.
atautchimi-suli adv. once again.
atchaaànaq (C) n. the ocean current flowing awayfrom shore.
atchaaàniq (C) n. easterly wind.
atchagat n. Iñupiat alphabet.
atchak n. 1) aunt (father's or mother's sister).
2) cousin (father's or mother's female cousin).
atchiàñiq n. 1) will, testament. 2) enrollment.
Variant: atchiiñiq.
atchiiñiq n. 1) will, testament. 2) enrollment.
Variant: atchiàñiq.
atchik- vi. 1) to be deep. 2) to be humble. Syn:qiñuit-.

deep.

atchiqsima-; taiguuti-. Variant: atchii-. 2) toenroll someone. 3) to will property to anotherperson. Syn: iññiq-; iññiqsuq-; paitchi-.
Variant: atchii-.
atchiqsima- vi. to be named in someone's will.
Variant: atchiq-.
atchit- vt. to lend, to loan. Putum Miiyuk atchitkaa
maniäñik ikpaksraq. Putu lent Miiyuk somemoney yesterday. Variant: atchitñik-.
atchitñik- vt. to lend, to loan. Putu atchitñiktuq
maniäñik Miiyuämun. Putu lent out somemoney to Miiyuk. Variant: atchit-.
atchu (C) excl. don't know. See: nalu-.
ati pos.base. area below.
ataagun below, through below; in base manner.
ataani below; underneath. Ukpiliqsiqpich
qiñiàni'apkiñ ataani napaaqtum? Do you
believe now because I told that I saw you under
the tree?
ataanun to underneath; to below. Kisupayaam
ikitnamiuä naniq iáitáaitkaa ataanun
utkusium. Anyone when he lights a lamp
doesn't place it to the underside of a pot.
ati- vi. to be equal, to be identical. See: iái-.
ati- vt. to wear, to don, to put on (clothing).
Miiyuum atigaa atigini. Miiyuk put on her
own parka. Syn: atuq-; kiviäa-.
atigi n. parka cover, pullover parka.
atigi- vt. to put a parka on someone. Miiyuum
atigigaa paniñi. Miiyuk put the parka on her
daughter. See: atnuàaaqtuq-.
atigipiaq n. fur parka. Lit: 'parka, real ~ (of fur)'.
atiàusiq n. given name (rarely used as anappellation), nickname. See: atiq.
atikâi- vt. to make a parka cover. Miiyuum
atikâigaa. Miiyuk is making herself a parka.
Miiyuk atikâiruq iämiñun. Miiyuk is making
a parka for herself. Miiyuk atikâiruq
tuvaaqatmiñun. Miiyuk makes a parka for her
husband.
atikâuk n. parka cover; snow shirt.
atikuluk n. man's knee-high dress boots (withfringe, made of dark and light skin in decorative
pattern). Syn: kamalaurak; qulaaàun.
atilik vi. to be named (given name). Lit: 'provided witha name'.
atinàiq- vi. 1) to be divided. 2) to be unequal.
atinàirrun n. discord, lack of agreement or
harmony.
atipiaq n. the family name. Variant: ativik.

52

atiq

atliu-

atiq n. given name, namesake. Variant: ativik.
atiq- vi. 1) to go over ice to whaling camp. 2) to go

downward (or homeward) after hunting inland.
See: ataaq-.
atiqausiq n. in Iñupiat grammar, noun. Syn: taggiñ.
atiqsaaq- vi. to travel downriver by sled. See:
ataaq-. Variant: atiq-.
atiqsi- vi. to find out someone's name.
atiqtigun n. roll call, list of names.
atirauk n. pair of same items. See: aippaàiik.
atiri n. one that is the same, one who is like someone
else.
atisi- vi. to be likeminded.
atitu- (C) vi. to be wide open (of lead in open water,
or of clothes, etc). Syn: niàutu-.
atituàun (C) n. tusk-shaped design strips on parkayoke. Syn: akuq; quli;. See: atituàutilik;
atqaàutilik; kayuaàutilik. Variant:
atituàutiligaak.
atituàutiligaak (C) n. tusk-shaped design strips on
parka yoke. See: atituàutilik. Variant:
atituàun.
atituàutilik (C) n. parka with tusk-shaped design on
yoke. Syn: atqaàutilik; ipnalik; kayuaàutilik;
qupaligaaq. See: atituàun.
ativik (C) n. the family name. Syn: atiq.
atla pron. another. Variant: alla.
atlagi- vi. to be different. Putum atlagigai iáannani.
Putu sensed a difference in his friends. Variant:atlasuk-.
atlagiich n. different ones, different things. See:atla.
atlaàuq- vi. to change, to become different.
Amaàuq atlaàuqtiqtuq iñuguqhuni. The
wolf changed and became a person.
atlakaaàiik n. difference.
atlakaaàiik- vi. to be different.
atlaksrait- vi. to be alike, to be comparable. Lit:'without any difference'.
atlanaq- vi. to be changeable, able or apt to vary.
Putu atlanaqtuamik tautuktuq. Putu saw
something strange (indicating imminent changeof things). See: atlasuk-.
atlaäuq- vi. to differ, to be unlike or distinct innature, form, or characteristics. Siqiñiq
atlaäuqtiqtuq pulapluni. The sun changed allof a sudden because it had eclipsed.
atlaäuqatautait- (C) vi. to be faithful (inmarriage). Lit: 'not [being] together with adifferent one'. Syn: tuniqsima-.
atlaäuqtautait- vi. to be unchanging.
atlasuk- vi. to sense change, to sense a difference
from before. Putu atlasuktuq taavuäa
aullaqqaaqami. Putu sensed that something53

was different from before. Variant: atla-;atlasruk-.
atlatuâiq n. adultery (voluntary sexual intercourse by
a married person with someone not his/her legal
spouse).
atlatuq- vi. to commit adultery. Lit: 'use another(person)'. Syn: aànatuq-; aàniqi-; aäutituq-.
atlatuqti n. adulterer, adulteress. Lit: 'use another(person)'.
atlau- vi. be different, to be another one.
atlayuaài- vt. 1) to bewilder, to perplex or confuse
especially by a complexity or variety. Putum
atlayuaàigaa taatani. Putu got perplexed
about his grandfather. Syn: aliuàutigi-;
suquasiksrait-. See: kalipsiksuaq. 2) to see
something strange or unfamiliar.
atlayuaànaq- vi. to be miraculous, to be
extraordinary. Iñuk atlayuaànaqtuq
taluqnaqhuni. The person is bewildering
because he is (now) stern and frightening. See:quviqnaqtuaq.
atlayuaq- vi. 1) to be shy; to be bashful among
strangers (of small children). Syn: qiki-. 2) to beuneasy in an unfamiliar situation.
atlayuatlait- vi. to be relaxed (not bashful), to befriendly. Syn: taluànait-; iáamaatqik-.
atliaq n. flooring in tent (of willows or tree
branches). Syn: allirrat; atlirrat.
atliat n. willows or branches covering dry or wet floor,
floor cover. See: atlirrat.
atliatchiaq n. tent mat made of willows. Syn: atliat;
atlirrat. Variant: allirrat.
atliatchiaq- vi. to replace willow floor covering (putnew willows on floor). See: avrat. Variant:alliatchiaq-.
atliàaq n. mattress, skin for bottom side of bedding,
fur side down. Syn: avrat; ikivàaq; qaatchiaq;
tuäiutit; tuttaat; uqummatit. Variant:alliàaq.
atliàauraq n. saucer, doily. Variant: alliàauraq.
atlimàaq n. lower molar tooth. Syn: kaäiáipqaq.
Variant: allimàaq.
atlimàat n. molar teeth (whole set). Syn: kaäiáipqaq.
Variant: atlimàaq.
atliñiq n. net sinker line; lead line. Syn: qimiq. See:kiviqqutaq; saatqun.
atliq n. the lowest one, bottommost one. See: atliàaq.
Variant: alliq.
atliq- vi. to be deep. Syn: iti-. Variant: alliq-.
atlirrat n. tent mat; tree branches, alder branches.
Syn: atliat; alliatchiaq. Variant: allirrat.
atlirriq- vt. to cover floor of tent with branches.
Variant: atlirriqsuq-.
atliu- vi. to be the lowest one, the one closest to theatliuraq
bottom. Variant: alliu-.

atliuraq n. saucer.
atmi (C) pos.adv. under, underneath; at the bottom.
Variant: ataani.

atmik- vi. to be arrogant, to be overbearing. Variant:
atmisruk-.

atmiñait- vi. to be unbearable.
atmiñaq- vi. to be tolerable, to be pleasant, to be
bearable.

atmisruk- vi. to be optimistic, to be confident.
atmukpuuq pos.adv. undulating downward motion.
See: mayuuàauraaq-; qunmukpuuq.

atmun pos.adv. 1) downwards (high to low).
2) toward downriver.

atniaq n. wound, hurt. Variant: anniaq.
atniaqsima- vi. to be beaten. Putu atniaqsimaruq.
Putu was beaten.

atniàñaq n. exacerbating pain, increasing pain, flareup of pain. Variant: anniàñaq.

atniàñaq- vi. 1) to be sick. Putu aullanàitchuq

takku atniàñaliqsuq. Putu did not leave
because he got sick. Syn: atniáuk-; kiiqsiuq-.
Variant: anniàñaq-. 2) to be invaluable, to be
priceless.
atniàñaun n. sickness, disease. Variant:anniàñaun.
atniàñausriq- vi. to contract a communicabledisease. Syn: tigupquti-.
atniáuk- vi. to have acute pain, to ache, to feel
discomfort. Syn: atniàñaq-; kiiqsiuq-;
saäniuq-. Variant: anniáuk-.
atniq- vi. to hurt. Syn: naäinnaqsi-. Variant:anniq-.
atniuma- vi. to have empathy.
atniumman n. empathy.
atniutaq n. pain.
atniutchiq- vi. to experience chronic pain. Variant:anniutchiq-.
atniutchiqsiq- vi. to feel sudden increase in pain.
Syn: iáalàusiq. See: kakivruutchiq-.
atniuttaq n. chronic pain, persistent pain. Variant:anniuttaq.
atniuyumman n. insult. Variant: anniuyumman.
atnivaktaq- vi. to have acute pain; to experience
colic. Syn: atniáuk-; saäniuq-. Variant:annivaktaq-.
atniya- vi. to be easily hurt, to be sore (of an injury),
to be acutely sensitive or irritable (of a bodypart). Putu atniyaruq isrummatmigun. Putu
is easily hurt in his mind. Variant: anniya-.
atniyaitkutaq n. 1) protection pad (to prevent
injury). 2) fender (alongside a ship). Variant:anniutkutaq.
atnuàaaq n. garment, piece of clothing.

attaqsraqatnuàaaqtuq- vt. to dress. Miiyuum panini

atnuàaaqtuàaa. Miiyuk is dressing her
daughter. See: atigi-.
atnuàaiáaq- vi. to be naked, to be be without
clothing. Variant: atnuàait-.
atnuàaiq- vi. to undress.
atnuàait- vi. to be naked, to be not dressed yet. See:kamiáaaq-. Variant: atnuàaiáaq-.
atnuàaiyaq- vi. to undress.
atnuàarriuq- vt. to tailor, to make clothes.
atpa n. common murre, auk. uria aalge.
atqagiiáaq n. buff-breasted sandpiper. tryngites
subruficollis.
atqaàutilik n. woman's fancy parka. Syn:
atituàutilik; ipnalik; kayuaàutilik;
qupaligaaq. See: atituàun.
atqaq- vi. to descend, to disembark. Variant: arvaq-.
atqaqsaaq- vi. 1) to travel downriver. Syn: ataaq-.
2) to have the whooping cough. See:
quiàusruk-; quiq-; quqhiq-. Variant:atqasaaq-.
atqasuk n. outer flare of the nostril, naris.
atqunaq adv. plenty, enough, abundant.
atqunaq- vi. to be excessive in behavior; to beabundant. Syn: pivaaââak-.
atraksraq- vi. to have clothes to wear.
atri n. likeness, copy. Variant: arri.
atrigiik n. look-alike, two items looking alike.
Variant: arrigiik.
atrikusaun n. parable, teaching tool (for object
lesson). Syn: iáisaaq. Variant: arrikusaun;
atrikusraun.
atriái- vt. to draw a likeness. See: titiq-. Variant:arriái-.
atriäiáaaq vi. to be unique, to be without equal.
attaa excl. hush! be still!
attaài- vt. to hesitate (to ask anyone).
attaànait- vi. to be kind, to be helpful, to befavorable, to be propitious. Syn: iáamaatqik-;piaqâuktaäit-; taluànait-.
attaànaq- vi. to be stern, to be austere, to be scary; tobe unyielding, to be inflexible.
attai! excl. expression of surprise, astonishment.
attaqsi- vt. to borrow for a specific purpose. See:
attauksraq-; attauksrit-.
attaqsrait- vi. to be bold, to be fearless, to be
unafraid, to be assertive, to be commandeering.
See: arguaäa-; kiiñaàniq-; iáisimaniraaq-.
Variant: attaqsranàit-.
attaqsranàit- vi. to be bold, to be fearless, to be
unafraid, to be assertive, to be commandeering.
Variant: attaqsrait-.
attaqsraq- vi. to be diffident, to be timid, to beunassertive.

54

attaqsrau-

atuutluk

attaqsrau- vi. to be hesitant, to be diffident, to be

shy. Syn: qiki-.
attat n. sewerage, place to dump honeybuckets. Syn:kuviàaàvik; iktaqaàvik.
attausiq- (C) vt. to pay someone, to reward
someone. Variant: attausriq-.
attausiun n. payment. Variant: attausriun.
attausriq- vt. to pay someone, to reward someone.
Variant: attausiq-.
attuq n. used item (second hand).
atuaksraq- vt. to borrow something. Putu
atuaksraqtuq saviämik. Putu borrowed aknife. Syn: imit-. See: attaqsi-; attauksrit-.
atuaksrit- vt. to loan out. Putum
attauksrirrutigigaa saviñi. Putu loaned out
his knife. Putum attauksritkaa Miiyuk
saviämiñi. Putu loaned Miiyuk his knife. Syn:
atugaksrit-.
atuaksritñik- to loan, to let someone use an
item.
atuatuuââuk (C) n. evil magic song for hunting or
healing. Variant: atuuââuk; atuutluk.
atugaài- vt. 1) to commit adultery. 2) to act
immorally. Putum Miiyuk atugaàigaa. Putu
commits adultery with Miiyuk.
atugaàiik- vi. to live together (two people inadulterous relationship).
atugaksraq n. 1) borrowed item (for future use).
2) song choice. Variant: atuutiksraq.
atugaksraq- vt. to borrow something. Variant:atuaksraq-.
atugaksraunàiq- vi. to be worthless, to be useless.
Variant: atuànaiq-.
atugaksrit- vt. to loan, to let someone borrow.
Putum atugaksritkaa Miiyuk saviämiñik.
Putu let Miiyuk use his knife.
atugaksritñik- to loan, to let someone use item.
Putu atugaksritñiktuq saviämiñik. Putu
loaned out his knife.
atugaqaq- vt. to commit adultery. Syn: aàniqi-.
atugauâiq n. licentiousness, lack of moral or legal
restraint, especially in sexual conduct,
immorality, wantonness.
atuànaiq- vi. to be worthless, to be useless. Variant:atugaksraunàiq-.
atuànaq- vi. to be useful.
atuiraàiâiq n. custom, what is commonly done.
atullaaq (C) n. sock. See: atutik.
atullapiaq n. fur sock. See: atullaaq.
atuäaiq- vi. to be worthless, to be useless. Variant:atuànaiq-.
atuäak n. sole of mukluk.
atuäak- vt. to sole a mukluk, to attach hard sole to a
mukluk.

55

atuäaun n. the thread for attaching hard leather sole
to mukluk.

atuq- vi. 1) to sing. 2) to do; to use; to wear (clothes).

Atuumayumagiñ akiqsruutigikkan. Go
ahead and do what you promised. Akiyautiga
naammaktuq atuqtuni. My yoke fits as you
wear it. Atlat savaktit taamna iñuk
atuumaruaq, ... When the other workers saw
what that man had done, ... Syn: ati-; kiviäa-.
atuqqigaigutigi- vt. to become accustomed tosomeone, to habituate, to become used tosomething.
atuqtaksraliqiri n. lawyer. Syn: aglaliqiri.
atuqtaksraq n. law, what ought to be done. Syn:maliàutaksraq; pitqun; iñuuniaqqun.
atuqtaksrat n. law (what ought to be done).
atuqtaksriurrun n. law.
atuqti n. singer.
atuqtit n. choir. See: atuqti.
atuqtuuraq n. musical instrument; phonograph(record player).
atuqtuuraq- vi. to play a musical instrument.
atuqtuuraqti n. musician.
atuqukkaq n. law (what should be done).
atutik n. pair of socks. See: atullaaq; atullapiaq;
atutraq.
atutraq n. waterproof sock, made of intestine. See:atutik. Variant: aturraq.
atuuââuk n. shaman's magic song. Variant:atuatuuââuk; atuutluk.
atuumanapiaqtuaq n. necessary item, somethingimportant. Syn: piitchuiññiqsrapiaq;
piñaqtuaq. See: qulliurauruaq.
atuumaruksraq n. law (what needs to happen).
atuun n. song.
atuurviáuk- (C) vt. to sing a magic song of healing(of shaman). Variant: atuutiâuk-; atuurviãuk-.
atuurviãuk- (C) vi. to sing a magic healing song (ofshaman). Variant: atuutiâuk-; atuurviáuk-.
atuusiq- (C) vt. to rent house, to pay for use ofsomething. Syn: iniáàusriq-. Variant:atuusriq-.
atuusiq- (C) vi. to burst out into song, to burst out
singing. Variant: atuusriq-.
atuusriq- vt. to rent living space, to pay for the use ofsomething. Variant: atuusiq-.
atuusriq- vi. to burst out into song, to burst out
singing. Variant: atuusiq-.
atuutiksraq n. song choice. Syn: atugaksraq.
atuutiâuk- vi. to sing magic song (of shaman).
Variant: atuurviãuk-.
atuutit n. songbook.
atuutluk n. shaman's magic song for hunting or
healing. See: atuuââuk. Variant: atuatuuââuk.

atuyusraqatuyusraq- vi. to exercise, to practice. Lit: 'makeeffort to get good'.
atvaq- vt. 1) to deepen something. 2) to lower
something. Syn: pukâi-. Variant: arvaq-.
atvaqtaq- vt. to humble oneself greatly, to abase
oneself.
au- vi. to rot, to decay, to ferment, to age (of food).
Syn: asiäuq-.
augavik n. blood vessel: vein, artery. Syn: taqak.
augialik n. the bloody skin of an animal. Syn:
taaqtinniq; arriqsinniq.
augiaq n. clotted blood.
augiq- vt. to drain blood from an animal, to bleed an
animal.
augruaq n. red phalarope (shore bird). phalaropus
fulicarius. Variant: auksruaq.
auàak- (C) vi. to be bent over from old age. Syn:punäa-.
auàaäasi- (C) vi. to become stooped, to become
hunched (of age). Syn: imuäasri-; napuäasri-;punäa-; qumaäa-.
auàniq- vi. to be drafty, to be exposed to a draft(entering through door or window). Variant:auqniq-.
auàyuk- vi. to bend down when stalking game. Putu,
auàyugutin. Putu, bend down (to be lessvisible). Syn: sikit-. See: paamàuq-;punäayuuq-; put-.
auk n. blood.
auk- vi. to bleed. Putu auktuq qiáiàmiñiñ. Putu is
bleeding from his cut.
auk- vt. to melt, to thaw. Apun aukkaa
upinàaksraami. (Weather) is melting snow inspring time. Variant: auniq-.
auksaaqtiqi- vi. to warm up by moving around.
auksalaq n. melting snow.
auksiaq- vi. to thaw; to allow something to thaw out.
auksiq- vt. 1) to thaw, to warm up (on the stove).
See: auktuuq-; naniaq-; pasiksiaq-;
pasriksit-. 2) to warm oneself by a fire. Syn:naniaq-; pasiaq-; pasiksiaq-; pasriksiq-.
auksruaq (C) n. red phalarope (shore bird).
phalaropus fulicarius. Variant: augruaq.
auktaq n. 1) mole, birthmark. 2) spot where snow
has melted (in spring).
auktinniq n. thawed area, melt spot on the ground orice in springtime. See: nakkaqtaqtuaq.
auktiq- vi. to melt, to become warm.
auktit- vi. to have nosebleed.
auktuq n. nosebleed.
auktuuàun n. blow torch.
auktuun n. device for thawing out frozen pipes.
auktuuq- vt. 1) to warm something. See: auksiq-;
naniaq-; pasiksiaq-; pasiksit-. 2) to warm

aullaàniiri
oneself. Syn: auksiq-; naniaq-; pasiaq-;
pasriksiq-.
auku- vi. to leave blood behind (drops of blood,
blood stains).
aula- vi. to move, to be in motion.
aulaaluk- vi. to move around, to be active. See:iáiqsraq-.
aulaiáaäuq- vi. to unite, to become one group orthing. Syn: atausriäuq-.
aulaiáaq n. whole thing, complete thing: not broken or
cut up.
aulaimàut n. big pieces.
aulait- vi. to be whole, to be undivided (as of entire
carcass).
aulasaq- (C) vi. to jig a fish rod (when fishing
through the ice). Variant: aulasraq-.
aulasaun (C) n. fishing stick; stick to hold fishingline; jig stick. Taatnasriq qirukaulasautigiksuq. That kind of wood is ideal fora jigging stick. Variant: aulasraun.
aulasraq- vi. to jig a fishing rod (when fishing
through ice). See: aulasaq-.
aulasraun n. fishing stick to hold fishing line, jig
stick. Variant: aulasaun.
aulat- vt. to stir; to manipulate; to make something
move. Syn: akut-; aulatchi-.
aulatchi- vt. to stir, to manipulate, to makesomething move. Syn: akut-; aulat-.
aulatlaiq- vi. to be paralyzed. Lit: 'to be unable to
move'.
aulayait- vi. to be immovable (object). Variant:auliyait-.
aulayak- vi. to bestir, to begin to move, to comefree. Syn: aulayyauti-. See: auliyak-.
aulayyauti- vt. 1) to begin the labor process ofgiving birth. Lit: '[the child] purposefully
moves'. Syn: iàñisruk-; iàñisuliq-. Variant:auliyyauti-. 2) to begin to move, to break up (ofriver ice). Lit: '[weather] begins to move [theriver ice]'. See: sikuliqiaqsi-.
aulik- vi. to be bloody, to have blood (of a body).
auliq- vt. to pour blood; to give a blood transfusion.
Taaktim auliàaa Putu. The doctor transferred
blood to Putu.
auliyait- vi. to be immovable (object). See:
aulayait-.
aullaaq- vi. to leave the village and stay elsewhere: to
go to one's camp in the country, to go to one's
fish camp.
aullaànii- vi. to begin. Variant: aullaqnii-.
aullaàniiãiq n. beginning. See: sivulliq. Variant:aullaqniiãiq.
aullaàniiri n. author, originator; beginner. Variant:aullaqniiri.

56

aullaàniisaaq

ausruliñiq

aullaàniisaaq n. beginning. Variant:aullaqniisaaq.
aullaàvik (C) n. descendant, offspring. Syn:kiäuviaq; kiñuviaq.
aullai- vt. to lose hold of something (for example,
animal one has caught).
aullaq- vi. to leave, to depart, to go away. Putu
aullaaniktuq. Putu has already left.
Aullaqsaqtuat utiqsaaqtut. Those who wereleaving came back.
aullaqqi- (C) vt. to begin, to set about the activityof ...
aullaqsaq- vt. to start up, to have a false start.
Uniaàaqautraqtuaq aullaqsaàniaâhat
qiñiàtuaànaqtut. It is fun to watch the start ofa dog race. Nuqittaqapkich igliàutit
aullaqsaqtiàaluaqtut. When I pull the [starterrope] of the motor it started it almost started.
aullaqsaun (C) n. starter rope for motor (outboard,snow-go etc..). Syn: nuqittaun.
aullaqsruq- vi. to pick berries.
aullaqtit- vt. to send, to cause to go.
aullasiq n. habit; instinct, intuition. Variant:aullasriq.
aullati- vt. 1) to bring along a person or item. 2) tolead (C). Syn: sivulliq-.
aullau- vi. 1) to abandon. Syn: kisimàiuq-;
iáatchiq-. 2) to flee, to leave (in anger, without
intention of returning). Putu aullauäaniktuq.
Putu has left without intention of returning. Syn:
qimak-; qivit-.
aullauti- vt. to take along (a person or object). Syn:igliàuti-; kaluq-; taputi-.
aullavik (C) n. narrow animal trail. Syn:tumitchiaq.
aulliq (C) n. person closest to the outside door. Syn:tauganiakâiq. Variant: auniakâiq.
auma n. 1) charcoal (piece), ember. Syn: irgiun.
2) red-hot stone. 3) red gemstone. See:
aumaraq.
aumali n. charred wood.
aumali- vi. to intensify (of heat), to become red-hot(of wood, coal, etc).
aumalik- vi. to be fiery; have a live coal (for startinga fire).
aumaraq n. 1) charcoal (piece), ember. Syn: irgiun.
2) red-hot stone. 3) red gemstone. Variant:auma.
aumaruaq (C) n. article not yet frozen (as freshmeat). Variant: aumatyaaq; aumauraaâa.
aumatyaaq n. article not an yet frozen (as freshly
killed game). Variant: aumaruaq;
aumauraaâa.
auna dem.adv. through the general area across there.

57

See: agga.

aunaaq- vi. to move through the general area
across there.

aunaaqsruq- vi. to bleed. See: aalàu-.
auniq n. rotten area (of ice or tooth). Syn:aupkaàniq. See: nakkaqtaqtuaq.

auniq- (C) vi. to melt (of ice, snow). Variant: auk-.
auäa dem.adv. toward across there. See: agga.
auäatmun dem.adv. toward across there.
auäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward across there(focus: direction).

auäaq- vi. 1) to go toward across there, to go

across water (focus: actor). 2) to go to the otherside of the US or to Europe (focus: actor).
auäauti- vt. to take toward across there (focus:goal).
aupiãaq- (C) vi. to be surprised, to be astounded, tobe vexed. Syn: quviàusruk-.
aupiããak- vi. to be provoked, to be agitated, to be
stirred up.
aupiããak- vt. to stir up, to agitate: to attempt to arousepublic feeling. Syn: akut-; aäalat-; aulat-.
aupiããaumiruaq n. rioter (a person who is involveda) in a violent public disorder; b) creating or
engaging [in] a riot).
aupkaàniq n. 1) rotten ice. Syn: auniq. 2) blackfish
or muskrat hole in ice.
auq- vt. to stalk seal by crawling and scratching on
ice. Syn: nuyuit; puyauq-.
auqqi- (C) vt. to apportion, to serve portions. See:autaaq-.
auraàaàumiñait- vi. to be incorruptible.
auraàaqnaq- vi. to be corruptible. Syn:asiäuqnaq-; qaayuànaq-. See:
piiñàiqsaqtuaq.
auralliq n. 1) summer skin of animal. 2) summer
plumage of bird.
auraq- vi. 1) to melt. 2) to decay, to corrupt, to rot.
See: auniq-.
auraq (K) n. summer. Syn: upinàaaq.
auraqpaguq n. mid-summer.
auravak n. present summer. Syn: upinàaavak.
auri- vi. to spend the summer (somewhere). Syn:upinàai-.
auriruaq n. camper: a person who spends thesummer in camp. Samuäaàniaqtuq
auriruanun. He is going downriver to thecampers.
aurivik n. summer camp. Syn: upinàaivik.
auruq n. fermented fish, rotting or aging meat. See:tipayaaq.
aurviq n. caterpillar (about one inch long).
ausruk- vi. to ferment.
ausruliñiq n. rotten wood.

autaaqautaaq- vt. to apportion (into shares), to serve

portions. See: auqqi-.
autaaqti n. server (person who serves at a community
feast).
autchiivik n. place or a container for fermenting(curing) food.
auyugaqtauligaaq n. decay in human flesh, rotting
human flesh, gangrene.
auyugaqtaulik n. leper, person with leprosy.
auyugaqtualik n. leper, a person sick with leprosy;a person with gangrene. See: mamitchuiáaq.
auyugaqtuaq n. leprosy, "incurable" disease. Syn:kiááiàruaq.
auyuikkaaq n. glacier.
avaala- vi. to cry out, to scream, to yell.
avaalaqâuk- vi. to shriek, to yell, to scream. Syn:nipaala-. Variant: avaala-.
avaaq- (C) vi. 1) to become unconscious; to be
knocked unconscious. 2) to fall and sustain aconcussion.
avaatchiqi n. tree fungus (burned as mosquito
repellent).
avaàniq- vi. to re-emerge (of a mammal), toreappear after a long absence (of a person).
avaàniq (C) n. 1) time of absence. See: piit-.
2) emergence, appearance of a person who wasabsent for a length of time.
avaàuuq- vi. to be half (of the moon). Syn:quppaàuq-.
avakäa dem.adv. from over there, from far away.
See: avva. Variant: avaääa.
avakäaq- vi. to come from over there (focus:
actor).
avakäauti vt. to bring from over there (focus:goal), to bring from yonder.
avakäaaq- vi. to be curt, to be blunt, to be brusque.
avakäaqtaq n. foreigner, person from another place.
Putum avakäaqtaq iáaipaaàrugigaa. Putu
despised the foreigner. See: avaniàmiu.
avallak n. separation (of one thing from another).
See: avit-.
avallak- (C) vi. 1) to drift seaward, to drift awayfrom shore. 2) to travel straight out to sea fromshore.
avalliq n. the farthest to one side.
avalu n. 1) edge, rim (e.g. of container). 2) shelter
for tent (from wind). Syn: qamannirvik. See:akivik; uquq; uquuniq.
avaluaàniq (C) n. wake (wave caused by a movingboat).
avaluàun n. ring around the sun or moon in severe
cold weather (atmospheric phenomena),
parhelion: a bright spot sometime appearing oneither of the sun. Syn: qaumaniq.

avatiksrat
avaluksrat n. framing lumber (fence, house, tent,
etc).

avani dem.adv. located over there. See: avva.
avaniaäagun through the general area overthere (vialis).

avaniaäani located in the general area over there(locative).

avaniaäaniñ from the general area over there(ablative).

avaniaäanun toward the general area over there(terminalis).

avaniàmiu n. foreigner, person from far away. See:avakäaqtaq.

avanmuk- (C) vi. to separate from each other. Syn:avit-. Variant: avatmuk-.

avanmulik (C) n. double-bladed axe. See:avatmulik.

avaääa (C) dem.adv. from over there, from far away.
See: avva. Variant: avakäa.

avaääaq- vi. to come from over there (focus:
actor).

avaääauti vt. to bring from over there (focus:goal), to bring from yonder.

avat- vt. to surround, to enclose on all sides: toenvelope.

avataa n. 1) the immediate surroundings (e.g. house,city, etc). 2) fringe around the hood of a coat.

avataaqtaq (K) n. frame made of lumber (alreadycompleted).

avataäiq- vt. to encircle: to extend around the margin
or edge of. See: avat-.

avataq n. float; hunting bladder (sealskin poke filledwith air). See: avataqpak.

avataqpak n. buoyant object: sealskin poke, float.
See: avataq.

avati pos.base. area around. Putum tautukamigich

iñugayaat avatimiñi When Putu saw many
people around himself
avataani around, in the vicinity. Iáaäata
aquppiruat avataani. Some sat around him.
avataaniñ from around, from all sides.
Iñugiaktuat iñuich tatviksraiàñiàaat
avataaniñ. Many people pressed and crowded
around him.
avataanun from around, from the vicinity of.
Tusaayugaaq Jesus-kun siaminniqsuq
avataanun nunanun. The Good News about
Jesus spread to the surrounding area.
avataagun except; beside. Nalliatunniiñ
mamikkauäiññiqsuq avataagun Naaman.
None of these was healed except Naaman.
avatiàun n. surroundings, vicinity. Variant: avataa.
avatiksrat n. parka trim: for face ruff or bottom
trim. Syn: akuàutit; akuq. See:58

avatmuk-avuunaisiàvikpagaaq; pamiuàvik; tulugauraq.

split one's pants.

avatmuk- vi. to separate from each other. See:aviu- vi. 1) to utter a long, loud cry; to raise a cheer.

avatmuligaq- vt. to use a double-bladed axe.
avatmulik n. double-bladed axe. Syn: igáuktuulik.

aviuliq- (C) vi. to cheer long and loud. Variant:avanmuk-.

Variant: avanmulik.
avatmuliáik- (C) vi. to own a double-bladed axe.
avatmuliq- vi. to try to gain favor from both sides,
e.g. grandparents and parents.
avatmuâiq n. person who gossips about one person,then turns and gossips with that other person.
Syn: saäutchiri; uqaqtu.
avatmun pos.adv. 1) to each other. Iñuich
atanàuviämiguuq akikäautirut avatmun.
People in a certain kingdome were against eachother. 2) to both ends, to each side.
avatquit- vi. to be alone on the trail.
avatqut- vt. to overtake, to catch up and pass
another traveler.
avatraq n. flipper of white or black whale. See:
sitquq; taliàuq.
avatvaq- vi. to go astray, to wander from a fixed orchosen route. Putu avatvaqtuq
ukpiàñiaâiàmiñiñ. Putu strayed away from his
Christian way of life.
avavsiáauraq (C) n. pleated skirt. Syn: yuukaaq.
avguàvik n. cutting board.
avgui- vt. to cut, to slice. See: avguq-.
avguma- vi. to be divided (e.g. in allegiance).
avgumaâiq n. division; faction. Iñuk akatchiruaq
suqutigitqisruäaqnagu avgumaâiàmik. Don't
have anything to do anymore with a person who
stirs up division.
avgun n. 1) border, division. 2) chapter.
avguq- vt. to slice, to cut. See: avgui-.
avguun n. slicer knife, used to cut up food.
avik- vt. 1) to break (in two). Syn: navguq-; navik-.
2) to divide, to cut. See: kaat-.
aviktuq- to keep dividing something.
avillaitqan (C) n. friend. Lit: 'a companion who
cannot break away'. Syn: iáauraaq.
aviáuq- vi. to ring, to bang. Savigruat aviáuqtut.
Metals are banging at each other (with a noise)
Syn: kasrak-.
aviáuqtaq- vt. to bang, to make a banging noise.
aviáuqtaun n. bell. Syn: akuàluk.
avinnaaq (C) n. 1) yearling polar bear, old enoughto separate from its mother. 2) opening in crotchof year-old infant's training pants.
aviññaq n. lemming, mouse. See: aviääaq.
aviññaurayuuq n. beetle.
aviääaq (C) n. lemming, mouse. See: aviññaq.
aviääaqpak n. rat. Variant: aviññaqpak.
avit- vt. 1) to separate, to divorce. See: avallak. 2) to59

Variant: aviuliq-; aviuâiq-. 2) to ring (of ears).

aviu-; aviuâiq-.

aviuâiq- vi. to cheer long and loud. Variant: aviu-;
aviuliq-.

aviuraàaàvik n. goal (in Eskimo hockey).
avlaak- vi. to spread one's legs. Variant: aplaak-.
avluàaatchiaq- vi. to do a broad jump. Variant:apluàaatchiaq-.

avluq- vi. to step; to take a step. Syn: tutisraq.
Variant: apluq-.

avraq n. external growth: small tumor, large pimple,
wart, birthmark.

avrat n. bedding made of willow branches. Syn:atliàaq; ikivàaq; qaatchiaq; tuäiutit;
tuttaat; uqummatit.
avrialutaq n. obstacle. Variant: avriutaq.
avriaq- vt. to bar, to block, to be an obstacle.
avriaqqun n. stumbling block; offense. Syn:sapuqutaq ; piñaiááutaq.
avriaqutaq- vt. 1) to block the way, to hinder thepassage. Syn: piñaiáutaaànik-; piraiái-;
pitchaiái-. 2) to hinder the progress (ofsomething or someone). Syn: nagrutaq-.
avriaqutau- vi. to be a hindrance. Syn: nagrutau-.
avriutaq n. obstacle, something in the way. Syn:avrialutaq; uivvaq. See: agrutaq.
avu n. 1) sugar. 2) condiment.
avu- vt. to add a seasoning: sugar, salt, pepper, etc., toseason. Variant: avuuq-.
avuiáaaq vi. 1) to be unmixed. Aànaq igaruq
qaluämik avuiáaamik. The woman boils fishwith nothing added. 2) to be sugarless.
avulik n. mixture. See: akutaq, akutuq.
avuäa dem.adv. toward over there. See: avva.
avuäatmun dem.adv. toward over there.
avuäatmuk- vi. to be heading over there (focus:
direction).
avuäaq- vi. to come from over there (focus:
actor).
avuäauti- vt. to take over there (focus: goal), totake yonder.
avusuk- (C) vt. to crave a change of diet (of apregnant woman).
avutqai- vt. to scold, to strongly criticize. See:avutqak-.
avutqak- vt. to strongly criticize, to scold. Syn:suakataq-. Variant: avutqai-.
avuu- vi. to be among. Syn: iáau-.
avuuàun n. condiment; spice.
avuuna dem.adv. through over there. See: avva.
Variant: taavuuna.

avva
avuunaaq- vi. to be traveling through over there.
avva dem.adv. over there: visible, moving/extended.

Syn: amma; iñña. See: avani, avuäa, avakäa(avaääa), avuuna - see charts.
avvaàiik- vi. to be apart, but visible. Syn: iññaàiik-.
See: uäasrik-.
avvaku- vt. to share with other what little one has.
avvakuamari n. shareholder (in corporation). Syn:
avvakusriusaiáik; avvakuuàummirauq.
avvakusriusaiáik n. shareholder (in corporation).
Syn: avvakuamari; avvakuuàummirauq.
avvakuuàummirauq n. shareholder (incorporation). Syn: avvakusriusaiáik;
avvakuamari.
avvaq n. half.
avyuàruaq (C) n. ice fog. Syn: taktugruaq;
sikunaq. See: apyuàruaq.
avyuq (C) n. 1) mist, steam. 2) cloud of smoke.
3) cloud of dust. See: apyuq.
ayaaàun n. crosspiece on the bed of a sled. Syn:ikaaqsaaàun. See: igáaat.
ayaaq- vt. to freeze from the edge. Kuuk ayaaàaa .
The river freezes over from the edges.
ayaaqtuq- vi. to freeze over in patches. Kuuk
ayaaqtuqtuq. The river froze over almost
across with few open spots.
ayagaaq n. toy made from neck bone of caribou (K)or of seal (C).
ayagaaq- vi. to draw up a fishing line with two sticks
as a game.
ayagaun n. piece of wood to retrieve fishing line.
ayagutaq n. post to holds up things, pillar. See:
qilluvik. Variant: ayak.
ayaàruksaaq n. great-aunt.
ayai! excl. expression of dismay: Almost! That wasclose! Variant: ayas!
ayak n. 1) post, pillar, tent pole. Syn: qanak;qilluvik. Variant: ayagutaq. 2) shaft of spear
or harpoon.
ayak- vt. 1) push off (boat). Putum umiaq
ayakkaa. Putu pushed off the boat (staying on
shore himself). Syn: kaimit-; tugaq-. See:tugaq-. Variant: ayaktuq-. 2) to refuse, toreject. Syn: iñugluaài-; naààu-. Variant: ayai-.
ayakhaaq n. string figure called "cat's cradle". Syn:itiquuraq.
ayakhaaq- vi. to tell story with string; to do cat's
cradle.
ayakhaun n. string for telling stories by making
string figures (cat's cradle).
ayaksimaaq- vt. to hold up, to support.
Ayaksimaagaàiga niaquàa argamnik. I am
holding up my head with my hands. Syn:akkiqsimaaq-. Variant: ayaksimmiugaq-.

ayuànaqayaksraq n. 1) blubber on a stick (used for dripping

oil into a lamp). See: ayaksriqpik. 2) unused
post, pillar.
ayaksriqpik n. wooden peg for holding blubber
above lamp. See: ayaksraq; naniàuun.
ayaktuun n. long pole for pushing a boat into water.
See: ikkaktaun.
ayalik n. house with center post.
ayapiàvik n. post for support (anything to lean onwith hands). See: ayak; qilluvik.
ayapiq- vt. to support oneself with one's hands. Syn:akkiqsimaaq-; ayaksimaaq-.
ayappak- vi. to lean on something with one's hands.
Syn: anagusrima-; tunäauraaq-.
ayapqutaq- vi. to steady oneself by holding on tosomething while moving.
ayas! excl. expression of dismay: almost! That wasclose! Variant: ayai!; ayash!
ayau- vi. to become blind. See: ayauäa-.
ayauma- vt. to set a net near the bottom of the water.
Syn: niktiq-; niäitchi-.
ayauäa- vi. to be blind. See: ayau-.
ayaupiaq n. 1) walking stick, cane. 2) crutch.
3) stretcher: device for stretching, to keep a net
wide. See: ayaupiq. Variant: ayaupiuraq;
aiyaupiaq.
ayaupiq n. stretcher: stick for keeping a net wide.
Variant: ayaupiaq; aiyaupiq.
ayu- vi. 1) to go ahead, to get a head start. 2) to die.
ayuam iñua n. core of a boil.
ayuaq n. boil, sore.
ayuàak- vi. to adjust to behavior patterns. Syn:iâuaqsi-.
ayuàaksaq- vt. to influence, to persuade. Syn:iáamat-; kayuäiaq-; uqayut-.
ayuàiiái- vi. 1) to accept and practice bad habits, to get
into the habit of doing socially unacceptable
things. 2) to be immoderate, to go to excess.
Syn: araaq-. Variant: aiyuiáisuu-.
ayuàisaq- (C) vt. 1) to tame an animal. Syn:nuyuiqsaq-. Variant: ayuàisraq-. 2) to curryfavor, to get the favor of a child. Variant:ayuàisraq-.
ayuàisraq- vt. 1) to tame an animal. Syn:nuyuiqsaq-. Variant: ayuàisaq-. 2) to curryfavor, to get the favor of a child. Variant:ayuàisaq.
ayuàit- vi. 1) to form a habit, e.g. eating certain
things or visiting people. 2) to become stubborn,to become intransigent.
ayuànaq n. habit, set position.
ayuànaq- vi. 1) to be unreachable. Syn: ayuq-. 2) tobe rare [hard to find], to be difficult to obtain, tobe hard to catch.

60

ayuq-

igalaaq (C)ayuq- vi. to be unable to reach someone ordestination. See: ayuànaq-.
ayuqi- (C) vt. to procrastinate, to dawdle. Syn:aatnagutaaq-; aqagutaaq-; maatnagutaaq-;
tikiutchiq-; uvlaakkutaaq-.
ayuqiqsaaq- vi. to travel away from people.
ayuqiqsaq- vt. to give moral instruction, to instruct invirtues.

ayuqiqsaq (C) n. training. See: iáisaq-.
ayuqiqsuun n. moral teaching. Syn: alàaqsruun.
ayuruaq n. 1) person gone ahead. 2) deceased
person: one who is gone ahead. See: ayu-.

ayuuq- vi. to progress, to go far ahead.
ayuvsaq- vt. to obtain something for one's family.
Variant: ayupsaq-.

CH - chchaqammuq n. sound of plunking (item dropping(item dropping into water).

into water); sound of plunking.
chaqammutillak- vi. to make a sound of plunking

G - g
gee excl. call to dogs, wanting them to turn left.
-guuq encl. as mentioned; it is said. Iñug-guuq

aullaaniktuà-àuuq. Someone said Putu left
already.

nunaliqiri nautchiityaàniqsuq. A certain
man, farmer, went to scatter seeds. Putu

H - hhaa! excl. call to dogs, wanting them to turn right.
haiy? (C) quest. what? what did you say? Syn: ai?

I - iichakäa dem.adv. from across there. See: itcha.

Variant: ikaääa.
ichakäaq- vi. to come from across there.
ichaääauti- vt. to bring from across there (focus:goal).
ichani dem.adv. located across there. See: itcha.
Variant: ikani.
ichaniaäagun through the general area acrossthere (vialis).
ichaniaäani located in the general area acrossthere (locative).
ichaniaäaniñ from the general area across there(ablative).
ichaniaäanun toward the general area acrossthere (terminalis).
ichuk- vt. to scrape a skin; to tan hide. Syn:amiiàruk-; aäula-; kiáigaq-; kiááiuqtaq-;mamiiq-; mitquiq-; qisiiq-; sakipsi-;
uqsruiyaq-. Variant: ikuk-.
ichukkuq n. wood shavings. See: savikkaq;saannanikkut.

61

ichuäa dem.adv. toward across there. See: itcha.
ichuäatmun dem.adv. toward across there.
ichuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward acrossthere (focus: direction).

ichuäaq- vi. to go toward across there (focus:
actor).

ichuäauti- vt. to take toward across there (focus:goal).

ichuun n. 1) plane for wood. Syn: qaiqsaun.

2) scraper for a skin (with long handle). See:
ikuun.
ichuuna dem.adv. through across there. See: itcha.
Variant: ikuuna.
ichuunaaq- vi. to go through across there.
iga- vt. to cook, to boil food (other than meat or fish).
Syn: niqniaq-.
igaapiaq n. boiled meat or fish.
igaapiaq- vt. to boil meat or fish.
igaaq n. boiled food, cooked food.
igalaaq (C) n. 1) window, skylight. Syn: igaliq.
Variant: igalauraq. 2) seal net placed

igalaaq- (C)horizontally underneath seal's breathing hole.
Variant: igaliq. 3) four (at cards). Variant:igaliq.
igalaaq- (C) vt. to break a window. Putum
igallaaàaa siàáuani. Putu broke the window in
his cache. Variant: igalàiyaq-.
igalàiyaq- vt. to break a window. Putum
igalàiyaàaa siàáuani. Putu broke the window
in his cache. Variant: igalaaq-.
igaliàliuq- vt. to repair window.
igaliàraq n. checkered item. See: igaliääualik-.
igaliliuq- vt. make window, to make a window.
igaliääualik- vi. to be checkered. See: igaliàraq.
igaliq n. 1) skylight, window. Variant: igalauraq.
2) seal net placed horizontally under seal's
breathing hole. Variant: igalaaq. 3) four (atcards). See: igalaaq.
igamaaqâuk n. boiled half-dried meat, cooked andstored in seal oil. Syn: panigruktat. Variant:iyamaaqâuk.
igamaaqâuk- vt. to boil partly dried food (meat orfish).
igamaaqâuksraq n. half-dried fish or meat (notboiled or eaten yet). Variant: iyamaaqâuksraq.
igari n. cook, chef. Syn: niqniaqti.
iggan n. cooking utensil.
iggavik n. kitchen; campfire. Syn: niqniaàvik.
iggiaàiiái- vi. to develop sore throat (onset of disease).
See: iggiaàiit-.
iggiaàiit- vi. to have sore throat. Syn: iggiaàiiái-;
iggianäu-.
iggiaàiksaaq- vi. to clear one's throat. Variant:igiaàiksaq-.
iggiaàiksaq- vi. to clear one's throat. Syn:quhiqsaq-; imäiqsaq-. Variant:iggiaàiksaaq-.
iggianäu- vi. to have a pain in one's throat, to suffer
throat pain. Variant: iggiaàiit-.
iggiaq n. gullet: esophagus, throat.
iggiiq- vi. to lose one's voice (after too much yelling,singing, etc). Putu atuqpagitáuni iggiiqsuq.
Putu sang so much his voice became hoarse.
See: iggiaq.
igiâhaq n. grappling hook (at end of line, used tohaul in game).
igit- vt. 1) to throw away. See: igitaq-; igitqataq-;
iqqaq-. Variant: igitchi-. 2) to render oil fromblubber, to melt blubber (by heating), to liquefy.
Variant: igitchiq-.
igitaq n. item that was thrown away. See: igitaq-.
igitaq- vt. to abandon, to throw away. Syn: igit-;
igitqataq-; iqqaq. See: igitaq.
igitchiq- vt. to liquefy, to make oil from blubber(seal, whale). Aànam igitchiàaa nutaàiñàaq.

igliàaqThe woman makes oil from blubber.
Nutaàiñàat igitchiàñiqsut. The blubbers haveliquefied into oil. Variant: igitchiaq-.
igitchivik n. garbage pail, garbage dump. See:iksivik; iktaqaàvik; kuviàaàvik; naaptiàvik.
igitqataq- vt. to throw away, to keep throwing away.
See: igit-; igitaq-; iqqaq-.
iglaaq n. 1) traveler. 2) visitor from out of town. See:isiqataaq.
iglaàuitáaiq- vi. to laugh uncontrollably, to be unable
to stop laughing.
iglaàusuk- vi. to grin; to be unable to keep fromsmiling. Variant: iglaàusruk-.
iglaàusruk- vi. to grin; to be unable to keep fromsmiling. Variant: iglaàusuk-.
iglaàutchak- vi. to burst out laughing.
iglaäa- vi. to smile. See: iglaäaaq-.
iglaäaaàiksuaq n. person with friendly smile. See:
iglaäa-. Variant: iglaäaaq.
iglaäaaq n. person with friendly smile. See: iglaäa-.
Variant: iglaäaaàiksuaq.
iglaq- vi. to laugh.
iglaqhauq- (C) vi. to give a single short burst oflaughter. Variant: iglaraaq-.
iglaqhauraq- (C) vi. to giggle. Syn: iglatchauraq-;
iglarauraq-. Variant: iglaâhauraq-.
iglaqusraaq n. skill game (involving two teams inwhich one team chants a tune, while one person
holds an object, swinging it and daring one of
their opponents to take it without laughing). Syn:aakkuu; maàauraq.
iglaraaq- vi. to give a single short burst of laughter.
Variant: iglaqhauq-; iglarauraq-.
iglarauraq- vi. to giggle. Variant: iglaqhauraq-;
iglatchauraq-.
iglarriq- vi. 1) to receive company unexpectedly(guests from out of town). 2) to entertain visitors(C).
iglatchauraq- vi. to giggle. Syn: iglaqhauraq.
Variant: iglarauraq-.
iglau- vi. to travel.
iglauqqan n. traveling companion.
iglauyumaaq- vi. to be travel-happy, to be anxious
to go traveling at a moment's notice. Variant:igliàaàumaaq-.
igligi- vt. to consider precious enough to hug. Iñuum
paniuraäa igligigaa. A person holds his/herdaughter precious. Syn: aàligi-.
igligutchak- vt. to arouse enthusiasm. See:
aañaäaaq-; anaäaaq-.
igliàaàumaaq- (C) vi. to travel constantly, to beready to travel at all time. Variant:iglauyumaaq-.
igliàaq- vi. to travel around villages. Pututkut

62

igliàaq (C)igniqsuq-

igliàaaqsiágitchut. Putu and his family are
beginning to travel around again. Syn: aàyuk-;siñiqsraq-.
igliàaq (C) n. 1) trail conditions. 2) shrimp (C).
igliàun n. vehicle. See: aputikuaàun; igniqqutit.
igliàuti- vt. to take along. Putum panini
igliàutigaa. Putu takes along his daughter (for aride in a motor vehicle). Syn: aullauti-; kaluq-;
taputi-. Variant: igliàutri-.
igliàutilik- vi. to have a vehicle. Putu
igluàutiliktuq. Putu owns a vehicle
igliàutiliuq- vt. to fix a vehicle. Putu
igliàutiliuàniàaa ikpaksraq. Putu has fixed
has vehicle yesterday.
igliàutri n. leader.
igliänaq- vi. to be cute, to be precious (of a baby, ora small object). Syn: anaäaaäu-; piqpak-.
igliq- vi. to move along; to progress; to travel. Syn:agliq-.
iglu n. 1) house (C). Syn: tupiq. 2) sod house.
3) beaver dam.
igluàrualuk (C) n. deteriorated old homesite; moundof earth at old home site. Syn: tupiàruaq;
igluluaàruk; inaaàruk; iniàruaq;
iñuniaàvigruaq.
igluàruaq n. ancient sod house; ruins of an igloo.
Syn: igluluàruaq; iniàruaq; tupiàruaq. See:
iñuniaàvik.
igluluaàruk n. old home site, mound of earth on old
sod house. Syn: igluàrualuk; inaaàruk;iniàruaq; iñuniaàvigruaq; tupiàruaq.
iglutiq- (C) vi. to relocate to a house after living in a
temporary dwelling. Syn: tupiqtiq-; nuktiq-.
igluuralik (C) n. checker pattern (on material or
paper).
igáaat n. crosspieces (of the floor or a sled). Syn:ayaaàun. See: ikaaqsaaàun; ikaaqsaun.
igáiq n. sleeping bench next to inside wall (oftraditional sod house). Lit: 'furthest inside'. Syn:
kivalliq; siñigvik.
igáiq- vt. to dodge: to move aside to avoid; to evade.
Syn: naäaq-; pasigi-; quäuài-. See: agliài-;pasiñaq-; quäuqsraq.
igáu n. another; the opposite. Variant: igáugiik.
igáu- vt. 1) to add to something. Syn: sipaaq-. 2) toprovide a companion for someone.
igáuaq- (C) vt. 1) to shoot to the side of a target; tomiss a target. See: igáutqut-. 2) to omit.
igáugiik n. 1) pair. 2) pair of disagreeing people. Syn:aipaaàiik.
igáugiiksit- vt. 1) to pair. Putum iñisak
igáugiiksitkik. Putu lets fish (drying) racks
stand against each other. 2) to let them oppose
each other. Aànam igáugiiksitkik iáaqatigiik.

63

The woman causes the couple to be against eachother.
igáukkisaaq- vi. to juggle (a game of skill).
igáuktuuàuti- vt. to use two people, one on each endof a load. Iàñiiä, igáuktuuàutilugu. Son, carry(the load) by the other end. Aànak
igáuktuuàutigaak iààuàvik. Two women carrya wash tub on both sides.
igáuktuulik n. double-edged knife. Syn: avatmulik.
igáulliq- vt. to oppose. Syn: akiááiáiq-.
igáulliuàun n. opposition. Syn: akiááiãiq; akiááiuàun.
igáulliuqti n. opponent. Syn: akiááiáiqsuqti.
igáupiaàaun n. pistol; handgun.
igáupiaq n. one of a pair.
igáut n. 1) bundle of five, one "hand". Syn:iqmaktaq. 2) n opposing team, the team thatplays against the inviting team.
igáutqut- vt. to shoot to the side of a target; to miss atarget. See: igáuaq-. Variant: igáuatqut-.
igáutuiãiq n. endurance.
igáutuq- vi. to bear pain, to endure, to be patient. Syn:anuqsru-; isiqsu-.
igniàiáaq (C) n. sailing vessel. igniàiáaq atausilik one-masted sailing vessel, igniàiáaq malàulik two-masted sailing vessel, igniàiáaq piäasulik three-masted sailing vessel.
igniàun (C) n. primer (a cap or tube containing asmall amount of explosive used to detonate themain explosive charge of a firearm); an igniter.
Variant: ikniàun; sikuq.
igniàuula- (C) vi. to spark: to give off sparks. See:ikniàuula-. Variant: iknitchuala-.
ignikkauàvik (C) n. outdoor fireplace. See:iknikkauàvik.
ignikkauq- (C) vt. to build a campfire. See:
igniqsuq-.
ignikkauqtuq- vt. to pass through a fire. See:
iknipiakkauqtuq-.
igniligauraq (C) n. motor boat. Syn:uqsruqâuuraq.
ignilik (C) n. steamer, ship (not a sailboat). See:
iknilik.
igniñ (C) n. flint, stone used to ignite fire. See:ikniñ.
igniq n. fire. See: ikniq.
igniq- (C) vt. to render: to reduce, convert, or melt
down (fat) by heating, to get oil by heating (fator blubber). Variant: iäniq-.
igniqauqtuq (C) n. Steller's eider. Somateria
stelleri.
igniqqutit (C) n. outboard motor for boat, carengine. Variant: igliàun.
igniqsuq- vt. to build a fire (in stove). Variant:ikniqsuq-; iknikkauq-.

igniqsuutit (C)igniqsuutit (C) n. heather (plant used for starting

fires). Syn: ikuàutit. Variant: ikniqsuutit.
igña (C) dem.pron. that one across there (Absolutive,
sing.). Variant: ikña.
iktuma that one across there (Relative, sing.).
iktumani that one across there (locative).
iktumuäa toward that one across there(terminalis).
iktumakäa from that one across there (ablative).
iktumuuna through that one across there (vialis).
iktumatun like that one across there (similaris).
iktumiäa that one across there, with that one
across there (modalis).
igruiq- vt. to castrate.
igruiqsaq n. castrated bull.
igruänaq n. rosehip.
igruänaqpak n. kiwi fruit.
igruq- vi. 1) to stiffen (of a dead body). 2) to clot, tocoagulate.
igruuk n. testicles.
iguk- vt. to suck, suckle (infant). Syn: miluk-;
milluaq-.
igurvik n. the temporal bone; the temple.
igusiàaq- vi. to have the hiccups. See: iisuàaq-;nikisuàaq-.
igutchaq n. bumblebee.
iguun n. 1) tube for transferring liquids. Syn:milluktuun; millugaun. 2) proboscis of
insects, stinger of insects. Syn: puuqtuun;
kappuun.
iàaaq n. elf, goblin (in Eskimo legend, little personwith big head and diapers whose cry scares
people and who travels by bouncing on his hips
(foreshadows bad event for person who hears it).
See: aaàaayiq; naaluääiaq.
iààiq (C) n. mountain. See: iñàiq.
iààuàvik n. basin; sink.
iààuàviuraq n. wash basin.
iààuq- vt. to wash, to rinse. Syn: iqaài-; uaq-.
iààuqsivik n. washing machine, wash tub (used withwash board).
iài- vi. to fall out (only of hair). Syn: uti-.
iàiala- vi. to yell, to shout, to holler.
iàisaq- (C) vt. 1) to remove fur or hair from skin.
Syn: mitquiq-; utit-. Variant: iàitchaq-. 2) topluck feathers from bird. Syn: nusruk-;
nutchuk-. Variant: iàitchaq-.
iàisaqsiàiaq- to be easy to pluck (of fowl).
iàisaqsiàiit- to be difficult to pluck (of fowl).
Tiämiaàruk iàisaqsiàiitchuq. The plucking of
ducks is difficult.
iàitchaaq n. bird plucked free of feathers.
iàitchakkut n. 1) feathers plucked from a bird.
2) fur removed from a skin.

iàñisuliqiàitchaq- vt. 1) to remove fur or hair from skin. Syn:mitquiq-; utit-. Variant: iàisaq-. 2) to pluckfeathers from bird. Syn: nusruk-; nutchuk-.
Variant: iàisaq-.
iàisaqsiàiaq- to be easy to pluck (of fowl).
iàitchaqsiàiit- to be difficult to pluck (of fowl).
Tiämiaàruk iàitchaqsiàiitchuq. The pluckingof ducks is difficult.
iàivruàaq- vi. to be paralyzed by fear, to be "frozen"
by fear. Syn: niàuvruàaq-.
iàlaq- vi. to go away, to leave. Putu
iàlaqtuiñaqtuq. Putu is slowly leaving.
iàáigi- vt. to be possessive, to be protective. Putum
iàáigigaa aglautni. Putu is protective of his
pencil. See: anniqsraq-. Variant: iàáik-.
iàáik- vi. to be possessive, to be protective. Syn:miàvigi-; siqña-. See: iàáiktu-.
iàáikkuti- vt. to begrudge, to envy; to stint. Putum
aniqatni iàáikkutigaa qiáàimiñik Putu
begrudged his brother his (own) sled (because
he is stingy) Syn: killuài-; kimigi-; siqñagi-.
iàáikkuttuti- vt. to guard, to be selfish with other'sthings, to protect. Aniqatigiik iàáikkuttutiruk
suuraàmikmik. Siblings guard their own things(and don't want to share).
iàáiktu- vi. to egocentric, to be selfish. See:anniqsraq-; miàvigi-; siqña-.
iàmaliñ n. pad or a pillow to cushion seating in
qayaq.
iàña n. voice (of humans and animals); sound froman unseen source. Syn: nipi; suvalliq.
iàñaaq n. 1) the core of wood, the heart of a tree.
2) shoot of plant, tiller.
iàñaàik- vi. to sing well, to have a good voice. See:
iàña.
iàñaiyaaq- vi. to miscarry a baby.
iàñaraaàuti- (C) vt. to use one's voice for singing.
See: iàñaraaq-.
iàñaraaq- (C) vi. to use one's voice for singing, tovocalize, to perform with one's voice. See:
iàñaraaàuti-.
iàñi- vi. to give birth.
iàñiàutit n. clan, family ("sons of").
iàñiksraaq n. pet. Syn: piayaaq.
iàñinik- vi. to have a son (by birth or adoption). Putu
iàñiniktuq. Putu has a son now.
iàñipkairi n. midwife.
iàñiq n. son.
iàñiqsruq- vi. to rush, to hasten, to do something
quickly or hurriedly. Syn: qilamiqsruq-.
iàñisuliq- vi. 1) to break (of amniotic sac containing
the fluid that surrounds an embryo before birth):"the water breaks". Aulayyautigaluaqani
imàiqsiruq. Before she went into labor the64

iàñisruk

ikauraaq

water broke. Variant: imàiqsi-. 2) to come into
labor pain, to start labor pain. Syn: aulayyauti-.
iàñisruk n. the process of childbirth, parturition.
iàñisruk- vi. to give birth to a child, to be giving
birth shortly. Isrumaaluutigillapiaàipsi
iàñisuktuatun naäirrutiqaqmatun. I am
really worried about you like someone who
travails in childbirth. Syn: ani-; aulayyauti-.
Variant: iàñisuk-.
iàñivik n. 1) maternity ward. 2) June (birds layeggs).
iàrisik n. pair of suspenders. Syn: agluutak;
natmautak.
iàviaq (C) n. tanned hide, leather. Syn:qitummaaq; qitummaktaq; amiq. See:isiqsiaq.
iàvigiaksraq hide before tanning.
ii
excl. yes ; oh! Iivaluk. Yes, maybe. Iigaluaq.
Yes, probably. Variant: aa.
iivi. to starve. Syn: kakkaaq-.
iivt. to swallow. Variant: iisi-.
iigu n. 1) enclitic, in Iñupiat grammar (something
added on). 2) extension, addition to the length ofsomething. Syn: uuyu.
iigukâiq n. the outermost, the farthest extension ofsomething. Syn: isukâiq.
iiguliktit- (C) vi. to walk in single file, to follow inuninterrupted order. Syn: kiñuàaqâiàiik-;
maligiik-; tunulliàiik-; uuyuliktit-.
iigusima- vi. to be aimed (of a weapon). Syn:nalautinniaq-; uuyusrima-. Variant:iigusrima-.
iigusrima- vi. to be aimed (of a weapon). Syn:uuyusrima-. Variant: iigusima-.
iiguti- vt. to aim a weapon and be ready to strike.
Syn: nalautinniaq-.
iiguuqti (C) n. interpreter. Syn: uuyuuqti. See:iiyuuqti.
iiii (C) excl. Oh no! expression of sadness. See: arii.
iila- vi. to moan (as from sickness, etc.). Syn: ariila-.
iipak- vt. to crave food which is in sight but notobtainable, or not offered. Syn: niàisuksaaq-.
See: iisaq-.
iiqsaluk- (C) vi. to grieve, to experience sorrow. Syn:kiñuvàu-; iâuiááiuq-. See: aliasuk-.
iiraàat n. medicine (pills or liquid, swallowed).
iisaq- vt. 1) to swallow. Putum iisaqtiàaa. Putu justswallowed it. 2) to envy someone eating, while
unable to partake. See: iipak-; kakkaaqsaq-.
iisi- vt. to swallow. Variant: ii-.
iisuàaq- vi. to have hiccups. Syn: igusiàaq-;nikisuàaq-.
iisuàaq- vt. to swallow a piece of blubber in acompetitive game.

65

iisuknaq excl. "Yes, maybe", "I assume so".
iivaqsaaq- vt. to round a bend. Syn: kaivraaqsaaq-.
iivitchuaàik- vi. 1) to be judicious, to be sensible.
2) to be alert, to be keen. Syn: qauàrimaaàik-.

iivitchuaàiun (C) n. conscience. Syn:qauàrimmaaàiun.

iivraluak- vi. to fall off, to tumble (head first). Putu

iivraluakkataqtuq katakami qiáàimiñ. Putu
tumbled head first when he fell out of the sled.
Syn: irupkaqtaq-. See: kaivraaq-; katak-.
iivraluktaq- (C) vi. to tumble, to go head first.
Putu nalukkataqami iivralullaaruq siáami.
When Putu did the blanket toss, he somersaulted
in the air. Syn: naparaàaaq-. See: kaivraluk-.
Variant: uivraluktaq-.
iiyuuqti n. interpreter. Syn: uuyuuqti. Variant:iiguuqti.
ikaaànaq n. gulf, gorge, chasm.
ikaaàun n. bridge. See: ikkautaq.
ikaaq- v. to cross (over), to travel across water. Putu
ikaaqtuq akmaniaäanun narvam. Putu istraveling across to the other side of the lake.
Putum ikaaàaa narvaq. Putu crossed the lake.
Putu ikaaqtuq ikautatigun kuugum
igáuanun. Putu is crossing over the bridge to theother side of the river.
ikaaqsaaàun n. crosspiece on the bed of a sled. Syn:ayaaàun; igáaat; ikaaqsaun.
ikaaqsaun (C) n. cross-piece on a sled. Syn:ayaaàun; igáaat; ikaaqsaaàun.
ikaayunaq- vi. to be crossable, to be easy to cross.
ikagnaq (C) n. north wind, strong wind parallelingthe coastline. Syn: nigaaàruk; nigiqpak.
ikani dem.adv. located across there. See: ikka.
Variant: ichani.
ikaniaäagun through the general area acrossthere (vialis).
ikaniaäani located in the general area acrossthere (locative).
ikaniaäaniñ from the general area across there(ablative).
ikaniaäanun toward the general area across there(terminalis).
ikaääa (C) dem.adv. from across there. See: ikka.
Variant: ichakäa.
ikaääaq- vi. to come from across there.
ikaääauti- vt. to bring from across there (focus:goal).
ikauraak n. unfriendly gesture made with index andlittle fingers extended from fist.
ikauraak- (C) vt. to make an unfriendly gesture withindex and little fingers extended from fist. See:tikkuari-.
ikauraaq n. hyoid bone, one of two bones at top ofikayuqwindpipe. See: tuqâu.

ikayuq- vt. to help. Putum iàñi ikayuàaa

ikpaksraq. Putu helped his son yesterday. Putu
ikayuiruq iglaaàmiñik. Putu helped his
visitor. Variant: ikayui-.
ikayuqtauâiq n. ministry, helping.
ikayuqti n. helper; deacon; Levite. Syn: savakti. See:ikayuutiruaq.
ikayuusriaqaàvigi- vt. to benefit someone, to be
helpful. Uqaqtim ikayuusriaqaàvigigiga
quliaqtuaqman. The speaker was a help to me
when he preached. See: ikayuusriaqaàviqaq-.
ikayuusriaqaàviqaq- vi. to profit, to have help
from. ikayuusriaqaàviqaqtuäa
quliaqtuaqman uqaqti I had a blessing when
the speaker preached See: ikayuusriaqaàvigi-.
ikayuutauâiq n. ministry. Syn: savautriãiq.
ikayuutiruaq n. helper ; minister. See:ikayuutauâiq.
iki n. open wound.
iki- vi. 1) to embark, to get in (boat, vehicle).
Variant: iku-. 2) to burn. Putu iksriñiaqtuq
qiruämik. Putu is going to burn wood. Variant:iksri-.
iki- vt. to load, put (load) into/onto. Syn: ikuk-.
ikiaàun (C) n. woman's slip. Syn: iáupqauq. See:
ikiaq.
ikiaq n. woman's slip. Syn: iáupqauq. See: ikiaàun.
ikiaq- vt. 1) to split. Putum ikiaàaa qiruk. Putu
split the wood.
ikiaqsi- Putu ikiaqsiruq qiruämik. Putu split
the wood apart. Putu ikiaàaa quhiqpagitáuni.
Putu is having sharp pain because he coughed somuch.
ikiaqsaaàaq- vi. to tingle, to have sensation fromemotional stimulus (of body). Syn:uunaaqsruqsaaàaq-. See: ikiaqtala.
ikiaqsiñ n. saw: circular saw.
ikiaqtala- vi. to tingle, to have sensation fromemotional stimulus (of body). See:
ikiaqsaaàaq-.
ikiaqtit- vt. to put between something, to store
between something. Putum agliutrat
ikiaqtitkai. Putu stored the pictures between(books).
ikiàaaq- vi. to open easily (of tent flaps). Palapkaam
paaäa ikiàaaqtuq anuqâiqman. The entry
way to the tent opens easily when it is windy.
Syn: iqpiàaaq-.
ikiààat n. open platform on four posts (for gear orfood). Syn: qakutit; uäaluurat. See:
qiqitchiuvik; saiyut; siàáuaq.
ikik n. 1) wooden block. 2) vertebra, spinal bone;cartilage. See: natatquq; nuvuliksrat; nukik.

ikkiq
ikiááau- vi. to be wounded (game animal).
ikiááiq- vt. to wound an animal.
ikiniq n. burnt tree; burnt wood. Syn: iliäniq.
ikipkaivik n. 1) incinerator, trash burner. 2) altar,
place for burning.

ikipkaiviáiaq n. censer (a vessel in which incense isburned, especially during religious services).

ikipkaq- vt. to burn trash.
ikiq (C) n. bay, sound (a long, wide ocean inlet).
ikiqtu- vi. to be wide. Syn: ikarraqtu-; iraqtu-;
aatchaqtu-.

ikisia- vi. to make noise and/or move about after
being shot (of animal).

ikisuänit- vi. to emit odor of burning, to smellburned. Syn: iliänit-. See: aaqqaaäu-;
kimnaq; tipliq-.
ikit- vt. to turn on, to ignite (e.g. a gas light or astove). See: ikkutitchaq-. Variant: iknak-.
ikituurat adj. very few. Syn: iñugiakkisuurat.
ikivàaq n. mattress (upper of two caribou skins, hairfacing up), mat. Syn: avrat; atliàaq;
qaatchiaq; tuäiutit; tuttaat; uqummatit.
ikka dem.adv. across there: stationary/specific. Syn:akma; agga. See: ikani, ikuäa, ikaääa,
ikuuna - see charts. Variant: itcha; ichani,
ichuäa, ichakäa, ichuuna.
ikkak- (C) vi. to become dirty. Syn: puyat-.
Variant: itchak-.
ikkakâiqi- (C) vi. to play or to work in dirty place, tobe in sloppy mess. See: itchakâiqi-.
ikkaktaun n. bridging pole (for crossing a body ofwater too wide for jumping across without aide).
See: ayaktuun. Variant: ikkaun.
ikkalàit- vi. to get stuck in shallow water.
ikkalàuq n. shoal: a shallow place in a body ofwater; submerged sandbar: a sandy elevation of
the bottom of a body of water. Syn:maààaraaq; tapqaq; tirraq.
ikkaäa- vi. to be muddy, to be messy, to be sloppy.
Putum aànaa ikkaäaäitchuq. Putu's wife is
not sloppy. Variant: itchaäa-.
ikkarraq n. 1) ford: a shallow place in a body ofwater, such as a river, where one can cross.
2) width of material, width of fabric. See:
iraqtu-. 3) hour.
ikkarraqtu- (C) vi. 1) to be wide. Syn: ikiqtu-;
iraqtu-. 2) to go from point to point.
ikkat- vi. to be shallow (of water).
ikkaun n. bridging pole (for crossing a body ofwater too wide for jumping across without aide).
See: ikkaktaun.
ikkautaq n. bridge. See: ikaaàun.
ikkii! excl. expression of disgust: icky! oh, how dirty!
ikkiq n. gums (in the mouth). See: itkiq.

66

ikkuaikña

ikkua dem.pron. those across there (plural). See:ikña, ikkuak.
ikkunani those across there (locative).
ikkunuäa toward those across there (terminalis).
ikkunakäa from those across there (ablative).
Variant: ikkunaääa (C).
ikkunuuna through those across there (vialis).
ikkunatun like those across there (similaris).
ikkuniäa those across there, with those acrossthere (modalis).
ikkuak dem.pron. those two across there. See: ikña,
ikkua.
ikkuänaäni those two across there (locative).
ikkuänuäa toward those two across there(terminalis).
ikkuänakäa from those two across there(ablative). Variant: ikkuänaääa (C).
ikkuänuuna through those two across there(vialis).
ikkuänaktun like those two across there(similaris).
ikkuäniäa those two across there, with those two
across there (modalis).
ikkun n. match (to light a fire). Variant: ikkutit.
ikkutiksraq n. intoxicating beverage: alcohol,
liquor. Syn: taaääaq.
ikkutitchaq- vi. to strike with a match. Putu
ikkutitchaqtuq ikniqsuàukhuni. Putu strucka match to start a fire. Syn: ikit-.
ikãigi- vt. to desire, to covet something. Syn:piáiñàu-. See: kaviuàuksaaq-. Variant:ikãiksri-.
ikãigusaaq- vt. to tempt. Syn: aäiqusaaq-;
kaviuàuksaaq-.
ikãigutchak- vi. to be enticed, to be tempted. Syn:kaviuàutchak-.
ikãigutchaun n. temptation. Syn: aäiqusraaqsiiãiq;aäiqusrautiksraq; kaviuàutchaun;kaviuàuksaun.
ikãiàvik (C) n. 1) tool bag, tool box. Syn:sanalàutiqaàvik. 2) fox sparrow. Passerella
iliaca.
ikãiñaq- vi. to be desirable. Variant: ikâisuk-.
ikãisaaàun n. temptation. Syn: aäiqusraaqsiiãiq.
ikãisaaq- vt. to infatuate, to inspire with unreasoning
passion or attraction, to lead another to desire.
Variant: ikãitchaktit-.
ikãisuk- vi. to be desirable. Syn: ikãiñaq-.
ikãitchak- vi. to be infatuated, to be possessed byunreasoning passion or attraction.
ikãitchauti- to be infatuated with each other.
ikãitchaktit- vt. to infatuate, to inspire withunreasoning passion or attraction, to leadanother to desire. Variant: ikãisaaq-.

67

iknak- vi. to ignite. Napaaqtut iknaktut

ikniqpalakman. The trees started on fire when
the lightning hit. See: ikit-.
ikniàiáaq n. sailboat. Lit: 'without fire'. Syn:tiäilàautaqtuqtuaq; tiksiàaun. Variant:igniàiáaq.
ikniàun n. primer (a cap or tube containing a small
amount of explosive used to detonate the main
explosive charge of a firearm); an igniter.
Variant: igniàun; sikuq.
ikniàusriqsuq- vt. to pile heavy objects on top ofeach other.
ikniàuula- vi. to erupt, to explode, to burst intoflames. Syn: qutäuàauraaq-. See: ikuala-.
Variant: igniàuula-.
ikniàvik n. stove.
iknikkauàvik n. outdoor fireplace. See:ignikkauàvik.
iknikkauq- vt. to build a campfire. See: igniqsuq-.
ikniligauraq n. motor boat. See: igniligauraq.
iknilik n. steamer, ship (not a sailboat). See: ignilik.
ikniñ n. flint (stone to ignite fire). See: igniñ.
iknipiakkauqtuq- vt. to pass through campfire.
See: ignikkauqtuq-.
iknipiaq n. campfire.
iknipiaqtaq n. food cooked on campfire.
iknipiaqtaq- vt. to cook on a campfire.
ikniq n. 1) fire. Variant: igniq. 2) deadfall trap,
activated by a stick that causes a heavy log toroll on top of animal when moved (of traditionaltimes).
ikniq- vt. to trap. Aqsraqtuam ikniqtiàaa Putu.
The car trapped Putu. Variant: ikniqtit-.
ikniqpalak n. lightning.
ikniqpalak- vi. to flash, to spark.
ikniqpalagaq- to keep on flashing (as in athunderstorm with much lightning).
ikniqqutit n. boat motor. See: igniqqutit.
ikniqsuq- vt. to build a fire. See: igniqsuq-.
ikniqsuutit n. heather (plant used for starting fires).
cassiope tetragona. See: ikuqqutit. Variant:igniqsuutit.
ikniqtit- vt. to trap in a deadfall. Putu ikniqtittuq
aqsraqtuamun. Putu got trapped by the car.
Syn: qargisaq-. Variant: ikniq-.
iknisaiáaq n. brown-capped chickadee. Parus
hudsonius.
iknitchuala- vi. to spark, to flash (of light). Syn:ikniàuula-; igniàuula-; qutäuàauraaq-.
ikña dem.pron. that one across there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: ikkuak, ikkua. Variant: igña.
iksruma that one across there (Relative, sing.).
iksrumani that one across there (locative).
iksrumuäa toward that one across thereikpaatchiaq(terminalis).

iksrumakäa from that one across there(ablative).

iksrumuuna through that one across there(vialis).

iksrumatun like that one across there (similaris).
iksrumiäa that one across there, with that one
across there (modalis).

ikpaatchiaq n. container for needles (or other small
items). Syn: ullugauraq.

ikpaksraaq adv. few days ago.
ikpaksraq n. yesterday, the day before the presentday.

ikpaksraq adv. on the day before the present day,yesterday.

ikpaksratqik n. day before yesterday.
ikpiaàruk n. 1) sewing kit, bone needle case. Syn:
imurvik; uyamik. 2) woman's handbag.

ikpigauraq n. low (river) bank. See: immiññauraq.
ikpigi- vt. 1) to feel slight pain; to sense. Putum

ikpigigaa atniutaq. Putu feels the pain.
Ikpigikapsiuä anuài uäallamiñ nipliàaqtusi
uunaqsiñiaànipáugu. If you sense a wind
coming from the south you can tell that it will
get warm. 2) to sense ill-will. Putum ikpigigaa
uukmigirini. Putu sensed (the ill-will of) his
enemy. Variant: ikpigiaguti-.
ikpigiaguti- vt. to feel, to sense. Putum
ikpigiagutigaa atniutaq ikpaksratqiämiñ.
Putu has sensed the pain since the day before
yesterday. Variant: ikpigi-.
ikpik n. bluff (a steep headland, promontory,
riverbank, or cliff), riverbank (the slope of landadjoining a body of water, especially adjoining ariver). Syn: immiññauraq. See: qipaluaq.
ikpikkun n. 1) feeling (an awareness or impression);sensation. Iáisimaruäa iñuich
ikpikkutaatnik. I know people's [heart]feelings. 2) sensibility (an ability to feel orperceive).
ikpiktitaq- vt. to undercut a bank (of water). Syn:
qipaluaqtitaq-.
iksaluk- vi. to be disorderly, to be messy, to beslipshod. Variant: iksaâuk-.
iksaâuk- vi. to be disorderly, to be messy, to beslipshod. Variant: iksaluk-.
iksaq- (C) vt. 1) to start a fight. Syn: aäuyaksaq-;
aäuyyiuqsiq-. 2) to start shouting. Syn:nipaallaksaq-.
iksauti- vt. 1) to fling something, e.g. rock, rope, etc.
See: itlutchaq-. 2) to start fighting back (C).
Syn: aäuyaksauti-.
iksi- vt. to discard; to throw away. Putu iksiruq
kamigruaänik. Putu threw away old mukluks.

ikuäa
iksivik n. dump (a place where refuse is dumped).

Syn: igitchivik; iktaqaàvik; kuviàaàvik;naaptiàvik.
iksuàaq (C) n. seat in boat. See: aquppiutaq.
iksri- vt. to load, to put (load) into/onto. Syn: iku-;
usriáiq-.
iksrik- vi. to bend over with one's rear in the air. Putu
iksriktuq aullaqsruqman. Putu bent overwhen she picked berries. Syn: qumaq-.
iksriktaayuuq n. 1) spotted sandpiper. actitis
macularia. 2) yellow wagtail. motacilla flava.
iktaq n. 1) discarded item. 2) outcast.
iktaqaàvik n. dump for garbage and honey buckets.
Syn: attat; igitchivik; iksivik; kuviàaàvik;naaptiàvik.
iku- vi. to embark, to get in (boat, vehicle). Variant:iki-.
iku- vt. to load, to put (load) into/onto. Syn: iksri-.
ikuala- vi. to burn intensely, to burn fiercely, to burnwith a bright flame. Syn: qutäuàauraaq- ;qipputit-. See: ikniàuula-.
ikualaaàik- vi. to burn well, to make a good fire.
ikuallak- vi. to blaze (of fire), to burn brightly.
ikuaraq n. five-gallon kerosene can. Syn: quagrulik.
ikuàutiksrat n. wood chips; shavings used to kindle
fire: kindling. Syn: saannanikkut;
sakiàmakku; sakiàmiat. See: savikkaq.
ikuàutiksriuq- vt. to make shavings (ikuàutit),used to kindle a fire, to make kindling. Syn:sakiàmik-; qirriuq-.
ikuàutit n. 1) heather (plant used for starting a fire).
Cassiope tetragona. Syn: ikniqsuutit. Variant:ikuqqutit. 2) shavings (used for starting a fire).
See: ikuàutiksriuq-.
ikuk- (C) vt. 1) to scrape a skin; to tan hide. Syn:amiiàruk-; aäula-; kiáigaq-; kiááiuqtaq-;mamiiq-; mitquiq-; qisiiq-; sakipsi-;
uqsruiyaq-. Variant: ichuk-. 2) to load avehicle: car, boat, sled, etc. Syn: iku-; usriáiq-.
ikuktaq n. scraped skin.
ikuliq- vi. to become swamped, to become flooded.
Imiq ikuliqtuq umiamun. Water comes into
the boat. Syn: qalluti-.
ikuliq- vt. to swamp, to flood (a boat). Syn:ulipkaula-.
ikuma- vi. to burn, to be turned on (electric light), togive off light.
ikummati- to burn simultaneous with anothersource of light or heat.
ikummaktaaq- vt. to turn higher (of lantern orstove), to increase. Putum ikummaktaaàaa
naniq. Putu turned the kerosene lantern higher.
See: nanniq-.
ikuäa dem.adv. toward across there. See: ikka.

68ikuqqutit

illiqsuq- (C)ikuäanmun dem.adv. toward across there.
ikuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward acrossilàaviaàruk- vi. to worry, to be anxious, to fretthere (focus: direction).
ikuäaq- vi. to go toward across there (focus:
actor).
ikuäauti- vt. to take toward across there (focus:goal).
ikuqqutit n. heather (plant used for starting fires).
cassiopa tetragona. Syn: ikniqsuutit. Variant:ikuàutit.
ikusik (C) n. elbow. Variant: ikusrik.
ikusiksimaaq- vi. to lean on one's elbows. Variant:ikusriksimaaq-.
ikusrik n. elbow. Variant: ikusik.
ikusriksimaaq- vi. to lean on one's elbows. Variant:ikusiksimaaq-.
ikutaq n. boot trim, made with strips of coloredleather. Syn: quli; qupak; sivuàun. Variant:
ichutaq.
ikuun (C) n. 1) scraper for skin (with long handle).
2) plane for wood. Syn: kikâiñ. See: ichuun.
ikuuna dem.adv. through across there. See: ikka.
Variant: ichuuna.
ikuunaaq- vi. to go through across there.
ikuusuk n. wild celery.
ilaaguaq- vt. to set aside (from a group of people).
Syn: asiñuk-.
ilaagugiiksit- vi. to become separated [process].
Aànat ilaagugiiksittut aullaqsruàiaqhutiä.
The women became separated as they went out
berry-picking.
ilaagun pos.adv. separate, solitary. Tupiq ilaagun
ittuq pamani. The house is all by itself backthere. Iñuk qichaqhuni ilaagun
ayaayuniqsuq. A person stood by himself andprayed.
ilaaguq- (C) vi. to be solitary, to be by oneself.
ilaaq- vt. 1) to scoop ice chunks from a hole. 2) tomove aside (to make room). Syn: illiqsaaq-.
ilagaun n. scoop for removing ice from an ice hole.
Variant: ilaun.
ilak- vt. to shove aside, to push aside (accidentally).
Syn: illiqsaaq-; tinu-; piñu-. Variant:ilakâugi-.
ilakâugi- vt. to move aside (accidentally), to shove
aside. Syn: illiqsaaq-; ilak-.
ilaäa- vt. to desire something from one's namesake;to request something from one's namesake.
ilaq- vi. to claim supplies are insufficient, to pretend
one does not have enough (regardless of facts tothe contrary).
ilaqatchiiãiq n. Tuesday. Syn: aippiàñiq.
ilaun n. scoop (horn frame and baleen netting, used toscoop ice chunks from hole). Variant: ilagaun.

69(uneasy because of fear of what might happen).
Putu ilàaviaàruktuq tuquqayaqami. Putu
worried because he almost died.
ilàaviich n. guts (human or animal). Syn: iáut.
iligraaq- vt. to roast [flour], to brown flour. Variant:iligriuq-; iliktaliuq-; iliktitaq-.
iligraaq (C) n. browned, roasted flour. Syn: iliktaq.
iligrak n. 1) sunburn; rough skin, chapped skin. See:amiàái-. 2) abnormal skin condition: a pimple.
iligriuq- (C) vt. to brown flour, to roast flour.
Variant: iligraaq-; iliktaliuq-; iliktitaq-.
ilik- vt. to scorch (of food, hair, cloth, fur, etc.).
iliktaaäu- vt. to brown [flour], to make brown.
iliktaliuq- vt. to make brown, roasted flour. Variant:iligraaq-; iligriuq-; iliktitaq-.
iliktaq n. browned, roasted flour. Variant: iligraaq.
iliktitaq- vt. to roast [flour], to brown. Syn:iligraaq-; iligriuq-; iliktaliuq-.
iliäniq n. burnt tree; burnt wood. Syn: ikiniq.
iliänit- vi. to emit odor of burning. Syn: ikisuänit-.
ilitqusiàiit- (C) vi. 1) to be ill-mannered, to havebad habits. 2) to be mentally unwell, to be inpoor mental health. See: mamiit-. Variant:ilitqusriàiit-.
ilitqusiàiksualiqiruaq vi. to be spiritual (good).
Syn: aäalatiqaqtuaq ilitqusiàiksuamun.
ilitqusiàiksuaq (C) n. Holy Spirit, Good Spirit.
Syn: irrusiàiksuaq; irrusiàiááautaq. Variant:ilitqusriàiksuaq.
ilitqusiq (C) n. spirit, way of life; habit, disposition.
See: ilitqusriq; iáitqusriq.
ilitqusiqâuk (C) n. evil spirit. Lit: 'a bad spirit'.
Variant: iáitqusriqâuk; ilitqusriqâuk.
ilitqusriàiit- vi. 1) to be ill-mannered, to have badbehavior. 2) to be mentally unwell, to be in poor
mental health. See: ilitqusiàiit-.
ilitqusriàiksuaq n. Holy Spirit, Good Spirit.
Variant: ilitqusiàiksuaq.
ilitqusriq n. spirit, way of life; habit, disposition; thespiritual part of person. Syn: iñuusriq; iñuusiq.
Variant: ilitqusiq; iáitqusriq.
ilitqusriqâuk n. evil spirit. Lit: 'a bad spirit'. Variant:ilitqusiqâuk; iáitqusriqâuk.
illiaq n. womb, uterus.
illiliàaaq (C) n. child. Syn: iáaalugruaq; iáiágaaq;
miqâiqtuq; qitunàaq.
illiq- vt. to make a place for someone. Putum
nuliaäa illiàaa. Putu made room for his wife.
See: illiqsaaq-.
illiqsaaq- vt. to move aside to make room. Syn:ilaaq-; ilak-. See: ilakâugi-.
illiqsuq- (C) vt. to offer a place to stay; to make aplace for a person to sleep. See: illiq-.

illiuqilliuq- vt. to prepare a bed for bedtime. Putum

iáanaàa illiuàaa. Putu prepared his friend somebedding. Syn: tuääiusiuq-; tuääiutiliuq.
illiuti- (C) vt. to move to make room for someone
else.
illuk- vi. to become snow blind.
illukniq n. snow blindness.
illuksiutik n. snow goggles with narrow slits.
illuktiq- vi. to escape from danger, to escape to safety
or security (e.g. child huddling with motherwhen feeling insecure). Syn: annaktiq-.
illut- vt. to hit an object with a slingshot. Variant:
itlut-.
illuun n. stone for flinging with slingshot. Variant:itluun.
illuutik n. sling for throwing (a Y-shaped stickhaving an elastic strap attached to the prongs,
used for flinging small stones). Variant: itlu.
ilumiksit- vt. to laugh without a sound.
ilun n. peer, contemporary (someone of the same agegroup). See: suunaaq.
iluq- base. all - base for pronoun "all of ...". See: iáa-.
iluqaani pos.adv. in all of, in the whole. Jesus
kukiáuäniqsuq iluqaani Galilee-mi. Jesus
traveled around in all of Galilee.
iluqaq base. all; whole; entire.
iluqaan pron. all of it.
iluqaisa all of them; their entirety.
iluqaàmiä all of them ; their [own] entirety.
iluqata all of us.
iluqatiqqayaq pron. almost all. See: iluqaan.
iluqnaq- vt. to complete something. Putu
iluqnaqtuq savaaàmiñik. Putu completed hiswork. Syn: naatchi-.
iluqnau- vi. to be dedicated, to be devoted.
iluqnauàvigi- vt. to dedicate something, to givesomething completely to. iluqnauàvigigaa
iluqnauqsimaaq- vi. to be dedicated, to be devoted.
iáan. 1) relative. 2) companion, partner. See:iáanniaq-. Variant: iáaaluq; tuvaaqqan.
iáa
n. part.
iáa- vt. 1) to add. Syn: iááati-. Variant: iáaksraq-.
2) to drink more alcohol (C). See: iáaniaq-.
iáa- base. some of ... See: iluq-.
iáaaàun n. patch on clothing, paper, etc. Variant:iáaaq.
iáaalugrualik n. person with child or children.
Variant: iyaalugrualik.
iáaalugruaq n. child. Syn: illiliàaaq; iáiágaaq;
miqâiqtuq; qitunàaq. Variant: iyaalugruaq.
iáaalugruuq- vt. to still a child, to calm a child. See:
iyaalugruuq-.
iáaaluksraq- vt. to choose a partner in a game. Syn:iááiqsuq-. Variant: iáaksraq-; iáauraksraq-.

iáaksraqiáaaluq n. partner (in games). Syn: iáa; iáauraq.
iáaannigu (C) adv. someday, some other time, at alater date, "wait until later!". Variant: iáaatnigu.

iáaaq n. patch on clothing or leather shoes. Variant:iáaaàun.

iáaaq- vt. to patch something, to repair something.

See: iâuaqsruq-; nutaq-; tumaqsruq-;
tuämiq-.
iáaaqtuun n. patching tool.
iáaaqtuutilgich n. woman's long boots with lots oftrim (fur of sole [aquptitauraq] on the bottomside, usually patches of fur taken from justabove the hooves, for traction). Variant:iáaaqtuutiligaak.
iáaatni adv. later, sometimes, at some other time.
iáaatnigu adv. someday, some time later, "wait tilllater!". Variant: iáaannigu.
iáaatqusriqsalik n. 1) yellow jacket. Vespula
pennsylvanica. 2) animal or insect with spots.
iáagik- (C) vi. to be good friend. Variant:iáannaàik-.
iáagisuànaiáaq n. outcast (socially).
iáagisuànait- vi. to be socially unpleasant.
iáaààisi- vt. to tease, to annoy, to pester, to mock.
Iáaalugruich iáaààisigigaat Putu. The
children teasingly pick on Putu. Syn: aavri-;kipakâiq-; maagri-; uumisaaqâiq-.
iáaiàraitchiaq n. orphan (person without close
relatives). Variant: iáaipauraq; iáaipak.
iáaiàruk n. poor person. Variant: iáaipak.
iáaiàrunäu- vt. to desire a friend, to yearn for a
relative or friend.
iáaiàruutlaiq- vt. to miss a relative or friend.
iáaiáàuq- vi. to collapse, to fall down or inward
suddenly.
iáaipaaàrugi- vt. to despise, look down on a person.
Putum avakäaqtaq iáaipaaàrugigaa. Putu
despised the foreigner. Syn: supasaàinàit-;suunàiáaài-. See: iñuaàrugi-.
iáaipak n. poor person, needy person, orphan,someone without relatives. Syn: aàramiu;
iñuaàruk; aäayuqaaäitchuaq. Variant:iáaipaàruk.
iáaipauâiq n. 1) orphanhood. 2) poverty, pauperism.
iáaiq- vi. to become orphaned, to lose a relative or
friend. Variant: iáaiyaq-.
iáak- vt. to untangle, to clear up.
iáaksia- vt. to bother. Pututkut
iáaksiakkaunàiqsut. Putu and his family were
not bothered (or disturbed). Iáaksianagu! Don'tbother him, leave him alone! Syn: aavri-;sanmikãiq-.
iáaksiit- vi. to be careless.
iáaksraq- vt. 1) to choose afriend. Variant:70

iáaksrauraq

iáari (C)iáaniktuuq- vt. to add, to gain more. Syn:iáaaluksraq-. 2) to add. Variant: iáa-.

iáaksrauraq n. addition, small insert. Variant:iáauraksraq.
iáaku n. remainder, piece of leftover. Syn: amiku;
iáiàniku; iáiqniku; kippaku; sippaq.
iáaku- vi. to have leftover, to have a remainder. Syn:
iáiàniku-; kippaku-; iáiqniku-.
iáalaaq- v. to increase, to add more. Putum tupqa
iáalaaqtuq. Putu's house has increased in size.
Putu iáalaaàaa tupiàmiñun. Putu added to his
house. Syn: iáaliq- ; tapiq-; igáu-; iáauraaq-;
sipaaq-.
iáalaalaaq- to add slowly, to increase slowly.
Miiyuum mukkaak iáalaalaaàaa. Miiyuk
slowly added flour.
iáalàusiq- (C) vi. to increase in pain. Syn:atniutchiqsiq-. See: iáaliq-.
iáalàutau- vi. uninvited nuisance (as when someone
joins a group without being invited and thenannoys the others). Putu iáalàutauruq
iglaanun. Putu is a nuisance to the visitors.
iáali- vt. to shake (or wave) hands.
iáaliaqattaaq- vi. to visit relatives. Putu
iáaliaqattaaqtuq Noorviämi. Putu is visiting
relatives in Noorvik.
iáaliq- vi. to increase (of pain or sickness, from too
much activity or food after an illness); to
increase suddenly. Syn: atniutchiqsiq-. See:iáalaaq-. Variant: iáalàusiq- (C).
iáaliqsuuti- vi. to join oneself to a group. Putu
iáaliqsuutiruq ayaayyuviämun. Putu joined
the church group.
iáaliuti- vt. to join. Syn: tappiuti-.
iáaliutiniaâiksraq n. joining, enrollment (to become
member of a group). See: iáaliuti-.
iáalliñ n. flag. Variant: iáallisaq.
iáaluaài- vt. 1) to disapprove (of parents with amarriage of their child). 2) to feel dislike for asibling being given to a certain person in
marriage; to feel dislike for someone joining acertain group.
iáamaaàiiáaq n. unfriendly person.
iáamaaàiit- vi. to be unfriendly. See: iáamaaàik-.
Variant: iáamaaàiáaq.
iáamaaàik- vi. to be friendly. Syn: atlayuatlait-;
iáamaatqik-.
iáamaaqtuq- vi. to be friendly to relatives.
iáamaatqik- vi. to be kind, to be very friendly. Syn:attaànait-; piaqâuktaäit-; taluànait-. See:iáamaaàik-. Variant: iáaqatqik-.
iáamaàuq- vi. to become friends (over period oftime).
iáamat- vt. to persuade, to convince, to talk someone
into. Syn: ayuàaksaq-; kayuäiaq-; uqayut-.

71

piññaktaaài-.

iáaniktuuqtit- vt. to incorporate, to embody.
iáannaàiik- vi. to be friends (two people). Putulu

Miiyuglu iáannaàiiksuk. Putu and Miiyuk arefriends.
iáannaiq- vi. to lose a friend, to have friends no more.
See: iáannaq.
iáannaq n. 1) friend, close friend, best friend. See:iáannaiq-. 2) partner, companion. Syn: iáa;
tuvaaqqan.
iáanniaq- (C) vt. to choose a friend. Variant:iáannaksraq-; iáauraaksraq-.
iáaäiq- vi. to lose a relative through death. Syn:iáaqataiq-.
iáaäiq- vt. to subtract, to decrease, to take away somepart. Variant: iáaääak-.
iáaääak- vt. to decrease, to reduce, to subtract (inmath). Variant: iáaäiq-.
iáaääaktaaq- to decrease slowly, to take away
slowly, to reduce slowly.
iáapaguti- vi. to feel secure among strangers; tobecome familiar and feel confident among
others.
iáapsaaq- vt. to increase, to add. See: iáaqasriq-.
iáaqapqaäa- vi. to enjoy visiting friends or relatives.
Miiyuk iáaqapqaäaruq pamiàviämiñi.
Miiyuk enjoys visiting family and friends in theplace where she grew up. See: aäiáaaqataaq-;
takupqaäa-.
iáaqasriq- vt. 1) to accompany another. Variant:iáaqatchiq-. 2) to add another one. See:iáapsaaq-. 3) to act twice.
iáaqataiq- vi. to lose partner or spouse. Syn: iáaäiq-.
See: iáaqqan.
iáaqatchiq- vt. to accompany another. Syn: aippiq-.
Variant: iáaqasriq-.
iáaqatigiiksittuaq n. marriage partner.
iáaqatigiiãiq n. marriage.
iáaqatnigutlaiáaq n. bachelor, spinster.
iáaqatnik- vt. to get married, to gain a partner or
spouse.
iáaqatnikkumaaàataqtuaq n. bride, the betrothed
one. Variant: iáaqatniäniaqtuaq.
iáaqatniäniaqtuaq n. bride, the betrothed one. Syn:iáaqatnikkumaaàataqtuaq.
iáaqatqik- vi. to be friendly, to be outgoing toward
relatives. Variant: iáamaatqik-.
iáaqqan n. spouse, companion, hunting partner. Syn:tuvaaqqan. See: iáaqataiq-.
iáaqtuun n. 1) handle of net hook. 2) pole for setting
a net with a hook.
iáaraàaàniq (C) n. mathematics.
iáari (C) n. jellyfish. Syn: uulikâuk.

iáasrukiáasruk- vi. to be greedy, to want more. Syn:piqatlatu-.
iáatchiq- vi. to be listless, to lack energy. See:
ikaisruk-. Variant: iáatchiqâuk-.
iáatchiq- vt. to relinquish, to abandon a person. Syn:aullau-; kisimàiuq-. See: kiggutait- ;kiummatait-.
iáatchiuäa- (C) vi. to be permissive. See: iáatchiq-.
iáau- vi. to be among people, to be part of a group.
Putu iáauniaàaluaqhuni aglaan iáannaäiñ
ayaäniàaat. Putu attempted to participate, but
his friends rejected him. Syn: avuu-; itqatau-.
iáauraaài- vt. to add a little at a time; to slowly
increase. See: iáa-. Variant: iáalaaq-;
iáauraaq-.
iáauraaq n. friend. Syn: avillaitqan. Variant:iáannaq.
iáauraaq- vi. to add a little at a time; to slowly
increase. See: iáa-. Variant: iáalaaq-;
iáauraaài-.
iáauraksraq- vi. to choose a partner in a game. Putu
iáauraksraqtuq Miiyuämik. Putu chose apartner in Miiyuk. Variant: iáaaluksraq-.
iáauraksraq (C) n. small insert, piece to add tosomething that is short of the desired size.
Variant: iáaksrauraq.
iáaviñiq n. part of something, piece of something.
iáàuàniq (C) n. frostbite on the cheek. Syn:
qiqitiqtuàniq.
iáàuq- vi. to become frostbitten on face. Syn:
qiqitiq-.
iái- vi. to become (similar). See: ati-.
iái- vt. to place an item somewhere, to lay something
down. Putum savik iáiraàigaa niààiviämun.
Putu always puts the knife on the table. Syn:inillak-. Variant: iááiuqaq-; iáiri-.
iáiàaiáaq n. grouch, ungrateful person who is never
happy or satisfied even when being helped. Syn:quyaiáaq.
iáiàasuk- (C) vi. to be very happy, to be very
grateful. Syn: quya-. Variant: iáiàasruk-.
iáiàasruk- vi. very happy, very grateful. Syn: quya-.
Variant: iáiàasuk-.
iáiàniku n. leftover material, remnant. Syn:kisiäuqtaq; miñaq; sippaq. See: iáiàniq.
Variant: iáiqniku; iáaku.
iáiànilik n. 1) soft-soled mukluks, used in winter.
2) tanned caribou skin. Variant: iáiqnilik.
iáiàniq n. fabric, material. Syn: iáaku; kisiäuqtaq;
miñaq; sippaq. See: iáiàniku. Variant: iáiqniq.
iáiktiàun n. pattern.
iáiktiq- vt. to cut a pattern.
iáiágaaq n. child. Syn: illiliàaaq; iáaalugruaq;
miqâiqtuq; qitunàaq.

iáiraqsiuqiáimagi- vt. to suspect. Putum iáannani iáimagigaa

qipmiñi tuqunnasrugalugu. Putu suspects his
friend that he might have killed his dog. Putu
iáimagigaat qipmiq tuqunnasrugalugu.
People suspect that Putu killed the dog. Syn:iáimatchak-; iáimasruk-.
iáimanaq- vi. to be suspicious, to be worthy ofsuspicion. Taamna iñuk iáimanaqtuq
qipmimik tuqutchiñasrugalugu. It is possible
to suspect that person might have killed the dog.
iáimasuk- vt. to suspect, to sense. Putu iáimasuktuq
iáannaàmiñun utlakkasugaluni. Putu issensing that his friend might come to him.
Variant: iáimasruk-.
iáimasruk- vt. to suspect, to sense. Putu
iáimasruktuq iáannaàmiñun
utlakkasugaluni Putu is sensing that his friend
might come to him Syn: iáimagi-; iáimatchak-.
Variant: iáimasuk-.
iáimatchak- vt. to sense something, to suspectsomething wrong. Syn: iáimagi-; iáimasruk-.
iáiqniku- vi. to have a leftover scraps of material, tohave remnants. Syn: iáaku- ; kippaku-.
Variant: iáiàniku-.
iáiqnilik n. 1) soft-soled mukluks, used in winter.
2) tanned caribou skin. Syn: iáiànilik.
iáiqniq n. fabric, material. Syn: iáaku. See: iáiàniku.
Variant: iáiàniq.
iáiqsraq n. split sinew (to be used as thread). Syn:qupsik; uliun. See: iáiqsri-.
iáiqsraq- vi. 1) to quake, to wobble, to shake; tomove around. Nuna iáiqsraqtuq. [The] earth isshaking (= it is an earthquake). Akutuqpalgich
iáiqsratlaiqsut. The leaves don't move any
longer. See: aulaaluk-. 2) to rumble.
iáiqsratlaiáaq n. paralytic. Sayairrutilik
ikayuànaqtuq ataramik. A paralytic is inneed of assistance all the time. Syn:sayairrutilik.
iáiqsri- vi. to split sinew for thread. Syn: qupsik-;
quvsik-. See: iáiqsraq.
iáiraài- vt. to give money, to give offering. Putum
iáiraàigaa tamaâhuq. Putu gives a dollar bill
(to the offering).
iáiraksraq n. offering in church, contribution forcharity. Variant: iáiri.
iáirakuvik n. treasurer.
iáiraqsiuàvigi- vt. to collect for a charity; to collectofferings or contributions. Putum
iáiraqsiuàvigigaa manik. Putu is collecting
money (for a cause). Variant: iáiraqsiuq-.
iáiraqsiuàvik n. collection plate. Syn: aitchuivik.
iáiraqsiuq- vi. to collect for a charity; to collectofferings or contributions. Putu iáiraqsiuqtuq

72

iáiraqsiuqti

iáitqusriq

maniämik iáaiqsuanun. Putu is collecting
money for the ones who lost their loves ones.
Variant: iáiraqsiuàvigi-.
iáiraqsiuqti n. collector of offerings or contributions.
iáiri n. offering in church, contribution for charity.
Syn: iáiraksraq.
iáiri- vt. to place an item somewhere, to put awaysomething for a specific use. Putu iáiriruq
makpiàaanik quliàuamun. Putu puts a bookon a shelf. Variant: iái-; iááiuqaq-.
iáisaaksraq n. (mental) exercise (repetition of anaction so as to develop or maintain one's skill); a
study program. See: iáisaaq.
iáisaaq n. lesson, a period of instruction. Syn:
atrikusaun. Variant: iáisaaksraq.
iáisaaq- vt. to exercise, to practice to learn. Syn:iáisaq-.
iáisaaqaq- vi. to take lessons, to have a lesson in class(in church, school, etc.).
iáisaài- vt. to recognize; to gain knowledge of a personor thing. Putum iglaaq iáisaàigaa. Putu
recognized the stranger. Variant: iáisaqâiq-;iáisaqsri-.
iáisaq- vt. 1) to study. Putum iáisaàaa Bible. Putu
studies the Bible. 2) to practice.
iáisaqâiq- vt. to recognize; to gain knowledge.
Putum iglaaq iáisaqâiàaa. Putu recognized thestranger. Variant: iáisaài-; iáisaqsri-.
iáisaqsri- vt. to recognize; to gain knowledge. Putu
iáisaqsriruq iáannaàmiñik iglaat tikitmata.
Putu recognized his friend when the visitors
arrived. Variant: iáisaqâiq-; iáisaài-.
iáisauti- vt. to teach. Variant: iáisautri-.
iáisautnaâiq n. discipline.
iáisautri n. teacher. Syn: aglakti.
iáisautri- vt. to teach. Variant: iáisauti-.
iáisautrivik n. lecture hall, classroom.
iáisauttun n. lesson, teaching. Iñuich
quviàusuäniqsut iáisauttutaiñik. People wereamazed at his teachings.
iáisauttusiaq n. teaching (something taught, precept).
Syn: ukpiàusriq.
iáisiiáaq n. shaman: person who casts spells, who uses
occult powers for healing or divining(considered stronger than witch doctor). Syn:aäatkuq.
iáisiiyaq- vt. to cause someone's death (by cutting ahole in someone's garment, which the victim
must discover and repair before putting it on to
avoid death); to bewitch (to place under one's
power by using magic). said of shaman;
intended victim must discover and repair hole
before putting on garment to avoid death.
iáisima- v. to know. Putum iáisimagaa tumi

73

Nuurviämun. Putu knows the trail to Noorvik.
Putu iáisimaruq atlamik tumimik
Nuurviämun. Putu knows another trail to
Noorvik.
iáisimaâiq n. knowledge.
iáisimanaq- vi. to be obvious, to be evident.
iáisimanaqsi- to become obvious, to become
evident.
iáisimaniraaq- vi. to be brazen, to be audacious(characterized by offensive boldness). See:arguaäa-; attaqsrait-; kiiñaàniq-;
taluqsrautaiq-. Variant: iáisimatluäniraaq-.
iáisimarau- vi. to witness (be a witness), to testify.
See: quyallak-.
iáisimarauruaq n. witness, person who is called totestify. See: iáisimari.
iáisimari n. witness, person who is called to testify.
See: iáisimarauruaq.
iáisimatluäniraaq- vi. 1) to be brazen, to be
impudent (characterized by offensive boldness).
Syn: iáisimaniraaq-; tutqaanaq-. 2) todisparage, to belittle, to look down on. Syn:aiva-; pipasaàiäit-.
iáisimatluäniraaqtuaq n. know-it-all (a person
who claims to know everything and rejects
advice or information from others); wiseacre (aperson regarded as being disagreeably
egotistical and self-assured). See:
iáisimaniraaqtuaq.
iáisimmatiqaq- v. to know something about amatter. Putu iáisimmatiqaqtuq tumimik. Putu
has knowledge about the trail. Putum
iáisammatiqaàaa tumi. Putu knows about thetrail.
iáit- vt. to learn. Putum uqaâhich iáitkai. Putu
learned words. Variant: iáitchi-.
iáitchi- vt. to learn. Putu iáitchiruq uqautinik. Putu
learned some words. Variant: iáit-.
iáitchitquraq n. learning aid.
iáitchuài- vt. to realize, to find out, to get acquainted.
Putum iáitchuàigaa Uqaq
avakäaqtautilaaäa. Putu realized that Uqaq is
a foreigner. Variant: iáitchuqsri-.
iáitchuàipkaq- vt. 1) to explain. 2) to acquaintsomeone, to familiarize, to make known.
iáitchuàipkautigi- vt. to introduce.
iáitchuqqun n. 1) marker, signpost. Syn:nappaqutaq; tikkuun. 2) sign (a cause for
intuitive knowledge). Syn: qiñikkiqsuun.
iáitchuqsri- vt. to realize, to find out, to get
acquainted. Putu iáitchuqsriruq Uqaq
avakäaqtautilaaäanik. Putu found out that
Uqaq is a foreigner. Variant: iáitchuài-.
iáitqusriq n. spirit: a way of life; a habit. Syn:

iáitqusriqâuk
iñuusriq. Variant: ilitqusiq.

iáitqusriqâuk n. evil spirit. Lit: 'a bad spirit'. Variant:ilitqusriqâuk.
iááaatqusiq n. insect.
iááagauraq n. ice that has begun to melt and isspongy and dangerous although it appears solid.
Syn: nakkaqtaqtuaq; sikuiáàuq. See:sikugiiáiq-.
iááaiàutit n. comb.
iááaiqsuq- vt. to comb hair.
iááaiyaq- vt. to untangle. Putum kuvrani iááaiyaàaa.
Putu untangled his net.
iááak- vi. to be(come) entangled. Kuvraq iááaktuq.
The net got entangled.
iááaäniq n. tangle (a confused, intertwined mass).
iááatigi- vt. to add; to join. See: iáa-.
iááauraq n. slush ice (caught in net); ice flakes.
iááiqsuq- (C) vt. 1) to choose a partner (in a game).
2) to take sides with another person. Syn:iáaaluksraq-; iáauraksraq-.
iááiuqai- vt. to place an item somewhere, to put awaysomething for a specific use. Variant: iááiuqaq-;
iái-; iáiri-.
iááiuqaq- vt. to place an item somewhere, to put
away something for a specific use. Variant: iái-;
iááiuqai-.
iááivik n. 1) space to put things, depository. 2) chestof drawers, place to put things.
iááiviurat n. shelves, place to put things. Syn:makpiàaaqaàvik; qakirvik; quliàuaq;qallugauraqaàvik.
iááualuk n. cousin.
iááuài- vt. to joke, to tease; to be a joking partner. Syn:
aliuqsri-. Variant: iááuqsruq-.
iááuài- vi. to be a joking partner. Variant: iááuqsruq-.
iááuq n. 1) cross-cousin. 2) joking partner.
iááuqsruq- vt. to tease, to joke. Syn: sanmiraq-.
Variant: iááuài-.
iááuqsruq- vi. to be a joking partner. Variant:iááuài-.
iáu pos.base. inside.
iáuani inside. Suvaata muluvaaââakmagaan
iáuani agaayyuvikpaum. [Wondering] why hestayed inside the temple so long.
iáuaniñ from inside. Atqaàniaqani aikãiàuni
sumik tupiàmi iáuaniñ. Don't let him get down
to fetch things from inside the house.
iáuanun to the inside. Itqutiniaàniàaat iáuanun
tupqum. They carried him to the inside of thehouse.
iáu n. 1) inside (an inner or interior part).
2) abdomen. 3) frost inside the house. See:kaniàruaq.
iáu- vt. to surround.

iáuqutaq
iáuaq- vt. to "make a basket" in basketball, to put
through the hoop.

iáuaqsaaq- (C) vi. to travel right through the middle(e.g. when traveling on a river).

iáuàuaq n. the lining of clothes.
iáuit- vi. to be hollow (to have a cavity, gap, or spacewithin).

iáuliaàun n. great-great-grandchild.
iáuliaq n. bay.
iáuligauraq n. bowl (relatively small).
iáulik n. 1) fish tub. 2) container. Syn: tuummaq.
iáulliq n. the innermost one.
iáummiáik (C) n. pregnant animal. Syn: iváaulik.
iáummiq n. fetus. See: iváauq. Variant:iáummiutaq.

iáummiutaq n. fetus. See: iváauq. Variant:iáummiq.

iáummiutaqatlaiq- vi. 1) to have morning sickness(early pregnancy). 2) to be nauseated, to beincapable of holding food down. Syn:miàianäu-.
iáummiutchiq- vt. 1) to fill, to make full. 2) toimpregnate, to make someone pregnant. See:naaqtu-; siäaiyau-; narri-.
iáumun n. truth. Syn: iáumutuuruaq.
iáumutun adv. truly.
iáumutuuruaq n. truth, that which is true. Syn:iáumun.
iáunaaq n. ditch. See: iminäaniq.
iáunäugi- vt. to have compassion or sympathy for, tohurt inside for someone. Variant: iáunäuksri-.
iáunäuksri- vt. to have compassion for someone, tohurt on inside for someone. Variant: iáunäugi-.
iáunäuq- vi. to become short-winded, to have one's
breath knocked out.
iáunäuqsruq- vt. to desire deeply and sincerely.
Variant: iáunäuqsuq-.
iáunäutaq n. compassion. Syn: iáunäuksriãiq.
iáunäutau- vi. to be compassionate.
iáunäutchak- vi. to be emotionally touched, to be
stirred, to be affected.
iáuäuqsruq- (C) vi. to hurry. Syn: qilamiqsruq-.
Variant: iáuäuqsuq-.
iáupaaq n. fur lining of a parka or other clothes.
iáupiqquk (C) n. pair of long johns. Variant:iáupquaq.
iáupquaq n. piece of underwear, under garment. Syn:ikiaàun; ikiaq. Variant: iáupiqquk.
iáuqsraäanaaq n. lowland, valley, furrow. Syn:
itiqsraq; iminäaniq. Variant: iáuqsraq.
iáuqsraq (C) n. ditch, lowland, valley, dent, furrow.
See: iminäaniq. Variant: iáuqsraäanaaq;
iáuqsraäaniq.
iáuqutaq n. porcupine. Syn: qiñaàluk.

74

iáusruäniáiq-

imaàruk

iáusruäniáiq- vi. to smell, to be odorous (of decayed

flesh). Aàviq siñiñi iáusruäniáiqsuq. The
whale carcass on the beach is smelling. Syn:
tipliq-; itiàuqsuänit-. Variant: iáusruäniq.
iáusruäniq n. stench, odor of decaying meat. See:iáusruäniáiq- ; nai.
iáut n. guts, entrails (of human or animals). Syn:ilàaviich.
iáutmun pos.adv. inwards.
iáuturuaq vi. to be full, to be filled.
iáuviq n. grave.
iáuviq- vt. to bury, to put in grave. Syn: argauti-.
Variant: iáuviqsi-.
iáuviqqiri n. grave digger, person who puts the coffin
in the grave. See: iáuviqsiri.
iáuviqsi- vt. to bury, to put in the grave. Putu
iáuviqsiruq panimiñik ikpaksraq. Putu
buried his daughter yesterday. Syn: argauti-.
Variant: iáuviq-.
iáuviqsiri n. undertaker. Syn: tuqurualiqiri.
iáuviqsivik n. cemetery; graveyard.
iâhuaàniq n. rainbow smelt. Osmerus mordax. Syn:aämaksraq.
iâiq n. 1) existence, the being. 2) the presence.
iâiqsui- vi. to be aware of another person's habits or
characteristics.
iâua- vi. to be pleased. Putu iâuagiruq. Putu ispleased with himself. Iñuich iâuagiäiññiàaat.
People were not happy about it.
iâuaài- vt. to agree with someone.
iâuaànaq- vi. to be pleasing, to be acceptable.
Variant: iâuaqnaq-.
iâuaàniq n. the best [part, way].
iâuammaaàiit- vi. to feel unhealthy, to feel sick.
Variant: iâuammaàiit-.
iâuanàiq- vi. 1) to become useless, to become rotten.
2) to become sick (even to the verge of dying).
iâuaq- vi. to be right, to good, to be correct, to fit.
iâuaqnaq- vi. to be pleasing, to be acceptable.
Variant: iâuaànaq-.
iâuaqqun n. grace (a disposition to be generous or
helpful). Syn: iâuaqqutriãiq; nagliktaq.
iâuaqquti- vt. to be gracious, to be good (tosomeone).
iâuaqqutriãiq n. kindness, grace.
iâuaqsaq- vt. to fix; to straighten, to adjust. Variant:iâuaqsruq-.
iâuaqsi- vi. 1) to recover, to get well. Syn: mapsiq-;
surruiq-. 2) to become fixed, to become
adjusted. See: ayuàak-.
iâuaqsruq- vt. 1) to correct (a person who errs in
ignorance). 2) to fix something, to repair
something. Syn: iáaaq-; nutaq-; tumaqsruq-;
tuämiq-. Variant: iâuaqsaq-.

75

iâuigi- vt. to censure, to criticize (to the point that theother becomes uncomfortable). Putum iglaaq
iâuigigaa imiàuupman. Putu criticized thevisitor as he drank. Syn: tutqiigi-;
uqumaiááiraq-. See: iâuirrutau-.
iâuiááiqsiq- vi. to become upset. Syn:
isrumatuyaaliq-; aàayyak-.
iâuiááiuàun n. cause of trouble, affliction or agony or
discomfort.
iâuiááiuâiq n. affliction, time of agony; tribulation.
See: sakiqniuàun; uuktuaàun.
iâuiááiuq- vi. to be afflicted, to feel remorse; toexperience sorrow, to grieve. Syn: iiqsaluk-.
See: aliasruk-.
iâuiááuqutaqti n. troublemaker. Syn:
qanuqâaqtitchiri.
iâuiááutaaq- vt. to trouble, to upset. Syn: iâuutuyaaq-.
Variant: iâuitqusraaq-.
iâuiñaq n. blackfish. Dallia pectoralis. Syn:iâuuqiñiq.
iâuirrutau- vi. to be troublesome. Iglaaq
iâuirrutauruq tukkuàmiñun imiàuupluni.
The visitor is troublesome to the people where
he is guest as he is drinking. Syn: aaäaaq-;
aggaäa-. See: iâuigi-.
iâuit- vi. 1) to be sick, to be uncomfortable. 2) to bebroken, to be wrong.
iâuitqusraaq- vt. to trouble, to upset. Syn:iâuutuyaaq-. Variant: iâuiááutaaq-.
iâuuqiñiq n. blackfish; young blackfish. Dallia
pectoralis. Syn: iâuiñaq.
iâuutuyaaq- vt. to trouble, to upset. Syn:iâuitqusraaq-; iâuiááutaaq-.
imaaq- vi. to fall into water. Syn: nakkaq-.
imaàauraq n. 1) liquid (broth, for some). 2) fluid in
joints. 3) puddle.
imaàiak n. liquid or fluid in body organs or joints.
imaàiak- vi. to ooze, to exude moisture (sore, boil,
meat [at bullet hole] is "wet"). Syn: kiñiq-;maqi-; siiqsuq-; uqsruàiak-. See: siiàñiq-.
Variant: imaqhiak-.
imaànauraq n. puddle. Syn: immiññauraq.
imaàniq n. pond.
imaàniqqun n. waterproof boot. Syn: ipialik;iqaqâik; kamigruak; kivluaq; mamilik;
qaqâik; ulitchuiáaq.
imaàniqqusri- vt. to make waterproof boots. See:
imaqsiusri-.
imaàraitchiaq n. lake, somewhat smaller thanimaàruk.
Imaàraitchiaq the name of a lake, located westof Selawik, Alaska.
imaàruk n. very large lake (larger than narvaq),
such as 'Kobuk lake'.

imaàunimaàun n. tanning mixture. Variant: imaqsiñ.
imaàuq- vi. to become wet, to become soaked.
imaiàñiq n. dry lake; a dry riverbed.
imaiku n. empty container.
imaikuvik n. receptacle, bucket to spill into. Syn:kataivik.

imaiáaqtuun (C) n. roaster, roasting pan (may be
used as pot). Syn: imàiáaun; imàiáautnaq.

imaiññiq n. ebb tide (the receding or outgoing tide).
imaiq- vi. 1) to become empty, to drain. Saiñik

imaiqsuq. The kettle is empty now. 2) to ebb, torecede, to dry up (of a lake). See: imàiq-.
imaiq- vt. to drain, to remove water, to empty.
imaiqsaaq- vi. to get lower; to become gradually less,to diminish. Narvaq imaiqsaaqtuq. The lake
is low water now.
imait- vi. to be empty.
imakäa dem.adv. from long ago, from time
immemorial, from the indistinct past.
Kamagiplugu iáisauttutaat
sivulliaàikkaàmiä iäiáàaan-imakäa. Obeying
the teachings of their forefathers from long ago
in the past. Uqautiniàaatigut
tautukkaàmiknik taimakäaniñ
aullaàniiãhaniñ. They told us what they haveseen from the very beginning of it. See: imma.
Variant: taimakäa; imaääa.
imakäaqtaq n. ancient artifact, (piece of) fossilizedivory. Syn: alàaqsaq; aippaaqnisaq;
iäiáàaaqnisaq; taimakäaqtaq; utuqqaqtaq.
imaksiiyaq (C) n. leaven (an agent, such as yeast,that causes batter or dough to rise, especially byfermentation). Variant: imaksriigaq.
imaksraq n. 1) yeast (any of various unicellular fungi
capable of fermenting carbohydrates).
2) ingredients or supplies (e.g. ammunition,loose tobacco).
imaksriigaq n. leaven (an agent, such as yeast, thatcauses batter or dough to rise, especially byfermentation). Variant: imaksiiyaq.
imalik adv. filled with, containing. Piäalugguuq
tamaani inniqsuq imalik siiàñaàluktuamik
misruqqumik. There was a bowl filled withvinegar (soured juice).
imani dem.adv. at that remote time or place, in theindistinct past. Imani sialuäitchugguuq
piäasuni ukiuni. As we know, at that time it
did not rain for three years. Iñuqaqmiñiqsuq
auyugaqtualiänik Israel-mi imani Elisha
iñuupman. There were lepers in Israel long ago
at the time when Elisha was living. See: imma.
imani! excl. at last!
imaq n. 1) lake, body of water. 2) contents.
imaq- vt. to dampen (e.g. a pelt with tanning

imaupkaqmixture).

imaqhaq n. 1) swampy wet area. See:aqayaqqisaaq; mauyaqqisaaànaq;misaâhak. 2) tundra moss (sometimes withsmall puddles).
imaqhiak- vi. to ooze, to exude moisture (sore, boil,
meat [at bullet hole] is "wet"). Syn: maqi-.
Variant: imaàiak-.
imaqi- (C) vi. to drain, to flow out by naturalprocess, to dwindle. Syn: qaamit-; suvlik-;suvliula-. Variant: maqi-.
Imaqâich n. the people of the Diomede Islands.
imaqâiqi- vi. to be high (water in a slough). (Thiscauses a decrease in fish caught).
imaqnauraq n. puddle.
imaqpaliq n. filled container, full container.
imaqpalliq n. splashing sound.
imaqpalliq- vi. to splash (to make splashing sound),to slush (make a slushy sound). Syn:
imaqsrula-; taqammuq-. See: misak-;misrak.
imaqpaluk- vi. to slosh.
imaqsi- vt. to moisten a skin. Variant: imaqtiq-.
imaqsiñ n. tanning mixture. Variant: imaàun.
imaqsiusri- vt. to waterproof boots. See:imaàniqusri-.
imaqsrula- vi. to splash, to make the sound ofsplashing in water. Syn: imaqpalliq-;taqammuq-.
imaqsruq- vt. to check the contents, to look into a
container.
imaqtiq- vt. to water, to dampen, to moisten. Syn:
imiqtit-; kuvviuq-. Variant: imaqsi-.
imaqtu n. large container. Syn: tuummaq.
imaqtu- vi. lots of water, plenty of water. Siiávik
imaqturuq-apai! There is lots of water around
Selawik!
imatnaaqti (C) n. councilman, (in the New
Testament) member of Sanhedrin (supreme
religious court of the Jews). Syn: ataniääuaq;uqaqsitaaqtitchiri.
imau- vi. to be wet.
imaukkaq- vi. to be full, to be completely filled.
Qattaq imaukkaqtuq-suli. The bucket is stillfull.
imaukkaqtit- vt. to cause s.t. be full. Putum
imaukkaqtitkaa qattaq ataramik. Putu lets
the bucket be full at all times. See: imiqaqtit-.
imaupkaq- vt. to leave someone or something wet allday (e.g. a baby in wet diapers, or wet mukluks,
or sleeping bag, etc.). Paniurani imaupkaàaa
makkaäa qaunaginàitáugu-takku She left her
daughter all wet because she didn't watch her
diaper.

76

imautu-

imiäasri-imautu- vi. to havea wet ("cold") sweat (of feet, or

hands).
imàiáaaq- vi. to be without water, to be waterless. Lit:'without water'.
imàiáaun n. roaster, roasting pan (may be used as apot). Variant: imàiáautnaq; imaiáaqtuun;
imàiáaànaq.
imàiáautnaq n. roaster, roasting pan (may be used aspot). Variant: imaiáaqtuun.
imàiq- vi. to be dry, to be free or freed from liquid or
moisture. Tumitchiat imàiàaqtut
upinàaksraaqman. The roads are usually dry
in springtime. See: imaiq-.
imàiqsi- vi. to break (of amniotic sac containing thefluid that surrounds an embryo before birth):"the water breaks". Aulayyautigaluaqani
imàiqsiruq. Before she went into labor thewater broke. Syn: iàñisuliq-.
imàugauraq n. water cup, drinking cup.
imàun (C) n. 1) drinking cup, drinking vessel. See:
qallugauraq; qallun. 2) dipper cup to draw
water. See: qalluttaq.
imàusiaàruk (C) n. 1) wooden barrel, keg.
2) container for seal oil. See: tuummaq.
imàusiq n. horn dipper.
imiak (C) n. sound of a blast, sound of an explosion.
Syn: mapqaqtuq.
imiak- (C) vt. to transmit sound readily (as an empty
barrel, hollow spaces). See: imigluk-.
imigluk- vi. 1) to roar (loud, prolonged noise in the
distance, such as that produced by waves). Syn:qaliäuula-. See: imiak-. 2) to ring (in ears).
Siutiga imigluktuq. My ear is ringing.
imigluktaaq n. toy noise-maker (made of bone orwood and braided sinew), bull-roarer, "wolfscarer". Variant: imigluktaun.
imigluktaun n. noise-maker toy (made of bone orwood and braided sinew), bull-roarer, "wolfscarer". See: timmaala-. Variant: imigluktaaq.
imiglula n. 1) droning sound (as the sound ofelectricity). 2) buzzing sound, whir.
imiàaaq n. soft drink, soda. Syn: misruàuq.
imiàaaq- vt. to drink a soft drink, to drink a soda.
imiàaq n. broth (of meat or fish). Variant:imiàauraq.
imiàaqsi- vt. 1) to gulp, to drink rapidly in large
amounts. Syn: imiqsiñik-. 2) to ingest by
sniffing, to snort (C). Syn: imiqsiñik-.
imiàaqsiááaa- vt. to sip, to drink in small amounts.
Syn: imiqsiááaa-; imillaa-; uuksi-.
imiàaqtuq- vt. to drink broth or soup (without the useof a spoon). Syn: imiàaqtuuraq-.
imiàaqtuuraq- vt. to sip broth, to drink broth insmall amounts. Syn: imiàaqtuq-.

77

imiàarriuq- vt. to make soup, broth or stew. Putum
tiämiaq imiàarriuàaa Putu made duck soupimiàauraq n. soup. Putu imiàauraqtuàumaaqtuq.
Putu is willing to eat some soup.

imiàiksaaq n. fresh water.
imiànaq n. beverage.
imiànaq- vi. to be drinkable (describes the quality ofa liquid).

imiàuitáaiq- vi. to binge, to be immoderately
unrestrained.

imiàuksi- vi. to indulge (to allow oneself unrestrained

gratification). Lit: 'getting to desire drinking(alcohol)'. Putu imiàuksiáiqtuq iáannaäan
imiqtitmani. Putu indulged himself when his
friend offer him a drink. See: taaääaq-.
imiàuuruaq n. alcoholic, drunkard. Syn:
imiäaruaq; imiqtuaq; taaääaqti.
imiàvik n. bar; a place to drink.
imik- vi. 1) to resound. Nuna imiktuq tutmaqapku.
The ground resounded hollow when I stepped on
it See: imiäñiq. 2) to collapse (of house, fishrack etc.). Iñisat imiktut ikpaksraq. The fishracks collapsed yesterday.
imiksi- vi. to become better-sounding (of a drum).
imiksrit- vt. to give someone a drink. Putum
imiksritchaa panini. Putu gave his daughter
something to drink. See: imiq-. Variant:
imiqtit-.
imiliq- vi. to get drunk, to become intoxicated (morethe imiäasri-). See: imiäasri-.
imiliqsiq- to become intoxicated quickly.
imiliqsuaq n. drunk person. See: imiqtuaq.
imillaa- vt. to sip, to drink in small amounts. Putu
imiqsiááaaäiñaliqsuq imiàmik niàitáaiqhuni.
Putu is drinking only a little water as he isunable to eat. Syn: imiàaqsiááaa-; imiqsiááaa-;uuksi-.
imillak- vi. to take a little drink; to drink a little. Putu
imillaktuq naamauramik. Putu is drinking alittle portion. Variant: imiqsiááaa-; imiqsiááak-.
imillautaq n. good water, potable water.
iminik- vi. to have running water. Putum tupqa
iminiktuq. Putu's house has running water.
iminäaniq (C) n. ditch; low valley, low area in the
ground. Syn: iáunaaq; iáuqsraq; itiqsraq.
Variant: iminäanauraq; iminäanaaq.
iminäu- vi. to have a hangover. Putu iminäuruq
imiàataqqaaqhuni. Putu has a hang-over after
he has been drunk.
imiäa- vi. to be high, to be tipsy.
imiäaruaq n. tipsy person, person who is getting
high. See: imiàuuruaq ; imiqtuaq.
imiäasri- vi. to become tipsy, to become intoxicated,to get high (from alcohol). See: imiliq-.

imiäñiq
Variant: imiäasi-; imiäa-.

imiäñiq n. a mound of earth that makes an echoingsound when stomped on. See: imik-.

imiq n. drinkable water.
imiq- vt. 1) to drink water. 2) drink alcohol, to drink
alcohol. Syn: taaääaq-.

imiqaàvik n. water container with cover.
imiqaqtit- vt. to keep supplied (with water). Putum

aànaqtiä imiqaqtitkaa ataramik. Putu keeps
his wife supplied with water all the time. See:
imaukkaqtit-.
imiqqi- vi. 1) to dabble about in shallow water, tosplash gently, to paddle. Putu imiqqiruq. Putu
is playing with water. 2) to bootleg: make, sell,or transport (liquor) for sale illegally.
imiqqiri n. 1) water porter. Variant: imiqtaqtuqti.
2) bootlegger. Syn: taaääaqqiri; taaääiqqiri.
imiqsiááaa- vt. to sip, to drink small amounts. Putu
imiqsiááaaäiñaliqsuq imiàmik niàitáaiqhuni.
Putu is drinking only a little water as he isunable to eat. Syn: imiàaqsiááaa-; imillaa-;
uuksi-.
imiqsiñik- vt. 1) to gulp, to drink/eat rapidly in large
amounts. Syn: imiàaqsi-. 2) to drink a shot (atonce). 3) to snort. Syn: imiàaqsi-.
imiqtaàvik n. 1) hole in the ice for getting water,
place to fetch water from. 2) well.
imiqtaq- vt. to haul water; to fetch water.
imiqtaqtuq- to haul water repeatedly.
imiqtaqtuqti n. water porter. Variant: imiqqiri.
imiqtit- vt. to give a drink to someone (water,
alcoholic beverages). Syn: imaqtiq-; kuvviuq-.
Variant: imiqtitchi-; imiksrit-.
imiqtuaq n. person who is drinking, an imbiber. Syn:imiàuuruaq; imiäaruaq; taaääaqtauq.
imit- vt. 1) to ask a favor. Putum imitkaa iáannani
qiáàiáiuqupluni. Putu asked his friend for thefavor of making him a sled. Syn: atuaksraq-.
2) to give someone work to do; to pass one's job
to another (because of lack of time or skill).
imiyuit- vi. to be abusive when drinking, to be out ofcontrol when drunk.
imma dem.adv. indistinct, remote (place or time); inthe past. Iáisautiaqsiágiññiàai narvam siñaani
imma. He started teaching them again at theedge of the lake there somewhere. Immali
maliàuaqtai nunaaqqimuäniqsut
niqiksramiknik tauqsiàiaqhutiä. About at
the same time his disciples had gone to town inorder to buy some groceries. See: imani,
imuäa, imakäa, imuuna - see charts.
Variant: taimma.
immaài- vt. to contain, to hold (quantity).
Agaayyuun, qiáaich immaàilguitchaatin.

imña
God, the heavens are unable to contain you. Syn:tigummi-.
immak n. pus, discharge from infection.
immak- vi. 1) to seep in, to run into s.t. (e.g. water
into boot, boat). Putum umiaäa immaktuq.
Water is seeping into Putu's boat. 2) to become
runny (pus in a wound).
imma-kiaq excl. I wonder..., I think...
immaktinniq (C) n. 1) overflow: river water above
ocean ice at mouth of river. Syn: qaaminniq.
2) puddle: formed by melting of ice or snow.
immaqâuk- vi. to rage. Putu immaqâuktuq
aànaata uumitchaipáugu Putu is raging as hiswife got him mad.
immaut- vt. to swamp, to fill with water to the pointof sinking. Qaiqpaich immautruànialiqâugu
umiaq. The big waves filling the boat to nearsinking.
immi- vt. 1) to melt snow for drinking water. 2) todistill (e.g. alcohol). Variant: immiuq-.
immiàaq- vt. to inject an enema.
immiàaun n. enema equipment. Syn: anaqtitaun;
itiqsiun.
immiññauraq (C) n. 1) puddle. Syn: imaànauraq.
See: immit-. 2) bank (the slope of landadjoining a body of water, especially adjoining ariver). Syn: ikpik. 3) prowler (unknown person
seen from afar and blamed for unexplainablecircumstances). Syn: iñuqqun; iññiqqun.
immiq- vi. 1) to become full (of a container); befulfilled (of a prophecy). 2) to be high tide, to behigh water. Syn: ulit-.
immiq- vt. to fill, to fill up. Putum qattaq
immiàaa. Putu filled up the bucket.
immiqsuaksraq n. application: form to fill in.
immiqsui- vt. to fill in, to complete a form orapplication. Variant: immiqsuq-.
immiqsuq- vt. to fill in, to complete a form orapplication. Variant: immiqsui-.
immit- vt. to soak.
immiuma- vi. to be fulfilled.
immiummati- vt. to fulfill.
immiuq- vt. 1) to melt snow for drinking water. 2) todistill (e.g. alcohol). Variant: immi-.
immuk n. milk. Syn: miluk.
immuli- vt. to milk a reindeer.
immulivik n. reindeer cow. See: paäniq.
imña dem.pron. that one in the past; that one
mentioned before; that unknown one(Absolutive, sing.). Putu qaäaimñava? Howlong ago did Putu do it? Putum
itqaqtilgiññiàaa imña atuumaruaq. Putu wasreminded of something that had happened
before. Variant: taimña.

78

imñiqsaq-

inatchi-

ivruma that one in the past, that one mentioned

before, that unknown one (Relative, sing.).
Variant: iptuma.
ivrumani located at this one in the past (locative).
Variant: iptumani.
ivrumuäa toward this one in the past(terminalis). Variant: iptumuäa.
ivrumakäa from this one in the past (ablative).
Variant: iptumaääa.
ivrumuuna through this one in the past (vialis).
Variant: iptumuuna.
ivrumatun like this one in the past (similaris).
Variant: iptumatun.
ivrumiäa this one in the past, with this one in thepast (modalis). Variant: iptumiäa.
imñiqsaq- vi. to moan, to yowl. Syn:aniqsaaqpak-. Variant: imäiqsaq-.
imäala- vi. to moan, to groan. Syn: qinaala-.
imäaluk- vi. 1) to hum. 2) to whimper, to whine.
Syn: qinaalauraq-; qumaäai-.
imäaluk- vi. to mumble. Syn: aqapiáuk-;nipaiáuksi-; niplia-; qipquluk-; tusaqâiàaq-;uqapiáuk-.
imäiq- vi. to groan. Putu atniqhuni imäiqtuaqtuq
atqunaq. Putu got hurt and is groaning in muchpain. Syn: minàuq-; qiaâiq-.
imäiqsaq- vi. 1) to clear one's throat (whendisapproving) (C). Syn: iggiaàiksaq-;
quhiqsaq-. 2) to sigh deeply. Syn:aniqsaapak-. Variant: imñiqsaq-.
imu- vt. to fold up, to roll up, to wind into ball. Syn:qugluk-. See: tapit-. Variant: imusri-; imusi-;
imuri-.
imu- vi. 1) to stoop. See: auàaäasi-; napiäa-;
napuäasri-; qumaäa-. 2) to curl up (of dog,
wolf, etc). Qipmiq imuruq pitukkaàviämiñi.
The dog is curled in the place where he is tied
up. Syn: imuäasri-; napiäa-.
imuaq n. 1) bolt of fabric. Syn: kakkiaq. See:nukiãhaaq. 2) roll of twine. Variant: imuuraq;
imuaqnaq.
imuaqnaq n. roll of twine. Variant: imuaq.
imuliq- vi. to suddenly collapse (falling to theground). Putu pisuaàuraaqhuniguuàuvva
imuliqtuq. People said Putu was walking alongwhen he suddenly collapsed. Syn: aiyaaäa-;
imu-; kuniàaq-; taaqtukkaq-; tuquanäu-.
imuâuk- vi. to become wrinkled. Atnuàaatka
imuâuktut qaiqsaànaqsipáutiä. My clothes
are wrinkled and they need ironing. Syn:iqsuäa-; uglikâuk-; ulluk-; ulluuq-.
imuâuäniñik- vi. to form wrinkles in face (becauseof old age). Putu imuâuäniñiktuq
utuqaàuaqsipáuni. Putu is getting wrinkled in79

his face because he is getting old.

imuâuäniq n. facial wrinkle.
imuniq n. fold-line (on paper or material). Syn:qugluäniq.

imuäa dem.adv. toward the past, toward theunknown, eternal. Qiñiànaitchuat taimuäa
inniaqtut. Things that are not visible are going
to exist eternally. Taapkua itqaàigisigaat
ilaan iâuaqqutaa taimuäa. They willremember his kindness forever. See: imma.
Variant: taimuäa.
imuäasri- vi. to become stooped from age; to crouch
down. Putu imuäasriruq utuqalipáuni. Putu
is stooping because he is getting old. Syn:auàaäasi-; napuäasri-; punäa-; qumaäa-;
qumaq-.
imuäavik n. resting place for animal, stable. Syn:imuvik.
imuraq n. 1) scroll (of parchment or papyrus; ancientbook). 2) hand-rolled cigarette.
imuri- vt. to roll (e.g. a cigarette from loose tobacco),
to wrap. Variant: imu-.
imurvik n. sewing case of cloth with pockets, which
can be folded. Syn: ikpiaàvik; uyamik.
Variant: imutvik.
imuuna dem.adv. trough the past. See: imma.
imuuraq n. one pound of twine, one spool of twine.
Variant: immuaq.
imuvik n. 1) place where animals lay down. Variant:imuäavik. 2) spool, fishing reel.
ina- (C) vi. to stop playing while migrating (ofwhales).
inaaàruk n. old home site (where you used to live).
Syn: igluàrualuk; igluluaàruk; iniàruaq;
iñuniaàvigruaq.
inaiq- vi. to be occupied, to run out of room. Tupiàa
inaiqsuq. There is no more space in my housenow. See: initu-; iniksraiq-.
inait- vi. to be cramped, to have no room. Tupiàa
inaitchuq. There is no room in my house at all.
See: initu-.
inaäiq- vt. replace, to take the place of someone.
Putum panni inaäiàaa iíiqtuqman. Putu
replaced his daughter when she got tired.
Variant: inaäiuti-.
inaäiun n. pronoun (in Iñupiat grammar). Lit: 'a"place taker"'.
inaäiuti- vt. to replace, to take the place of someone.
Putu inaäiutiruq paniämiñun iíiqtuqman.
Putu took the place of his daughter when she got
tired. Syn: inaäiq-.
inat- vt. to entertain a baby by distracting, to occupy ababy's attention completely.
inatchi- vt. to entertain a baby by distracting, to putinattuaqbaby at ease, to occupy a baby's attention
completely. Variant: inat-.
inattuaq n. toy.
inattuaq- vi. to play with toys.
inaukkaq- vi. to have lots of places to live at. Putu
inaukkaqtuq Qikiqtaàruämi. Putu has many
house (living spaces) in Kotzebue.
inavài- vt. 1) to hinder. Syn: iñaviqqut-; pitchaiái-.
2) to slow (someone); to retard. Variant:unavài-.
inaviqqutaq n. hindrance. Syn: iñaviqqutaq;
sukaiááutaq. Variant: unaviqqutaq.
ini n. place, room, house. Variant: inauraq.
iniàruaq n. deteriorated old home site, mound ofearth at old home site. Syn: tupiàruaq;
igluàrualuk; igluluaàruk; inaaàruk;iñuniaàvigruaq.
iniksraiguti- vi. to have no place to stay. Putu
iniksraigutiruq iglarripagitáuni. Putu has noplace to stay because there are so many visitors.
iniksraiguti- vt. to have no space for a guest. Putum
iniksraigutigai iglarriqpagitáuni. Putu has no
more space because he took in so many visitors.
iniksraiq- vi. to be crowded, to lack space, to run outof room. Putu iniksraiqsuq tupiàmiñi
iglarriqpagitáuni. Putu ran out of space in his
house because there are so many visitors. See:
inaiq-.
iniksrait- vi. to be unavailable (of room). Iáaipauraq
iniksraitchuq The orphan has no place to liveat all.
iniksraq- vt. to pay rent. Syn: iniáàusriq-.
iniksraqsiuq- vi. to locate lodging, to look for aplace to stay. Iáaipauraq iniksraqsiuàaqtuq
unnupayaaqman. The orphan is looking for aplace to stay every night. Iglaat
iniksraqsiuqtut siñiktaàviksraàmiknik. The
visitors are looking for a place stay where they
can sleep.
iniksriuq- vt. to make room, to prepare a place.
Putum iniksriuàai iglaani. Putu is making
room for his visitors.
inillak- 1) vt. to establish, to situate, to place at a
certain spot. Putum inillakkaa tupinikuugum siñaanun. Putu placed his house
along the edge of the river. Syn: iái-. 2) to settle
down; to put up camp. Iglaat inillaktut Putum
tupqanun. The visitors settle in Putu's house.
inillaksruq- vt. 1) to arrange chairs or pews properly(as in a church), to rearrange. Putum
aquppiutat inillaksraàaàigai
minàuiqsiaàviämi. Putu arranged the chairs on
Sunday. 2) fix down, to fix bed for bedtime, toprepare bed. Putu inillaksruqtuq

innuliuqumatmiñik nallaàukhuni. Putu fixed his
bedding because he wants to lie down. Variant:inillaktuq-.
inillaktuq- vt. 1) to arrange chairs or pews properly(as in a church),to rearrange. Putum aqupiutat
inillaktuàaàigai minàuiqsiaàviämi. Putu isarranging the chairs on Sunday. 2) fix down, to
fix bed for bedtime, to prepare bed. Putu
inillaktuqtuq uqumatmiñik nallaàukhuni.
Putu prepared his bedding because he wants tolie down. Variant: inillaksruq-.
inillaktuqti n. usher. Syn: aquptitaqti.
iniáàusriq- vt. to pay for room or place to stay.
Putum iniáàusriàaa panni siñiktaquplugu
nullaàviämi. Putu paid [a room for] hisdaughter so she could sleep in the hotel. Putum
pania iniáàusriqsuq siñiktaàukhuni
nullaàviämi. Putu's daughter paid the fee for aroom to spend a night in the hotel. Syn:atuusiq-; iniksraq-.
iniáàutit n. rent, rent money.
iniqpak (C) n. 1) city. Syn: nunaaqqiq. 2) big
place, large room.
initu- vi. to be spacious, to have much space.
Tupiàa inituruq. My house is spacious. See:
inaiq-; inait-.
inituàliàruaq n. ruins of old homesite or campsite,
house ruins. See: inituàliq.
inituàliq n. campsite, seasonal camp. See:
inituàliàruaq.
inituqtaaq- vt. to increase size of house. Putum
inituqtaaàaa tuppi. Putu is adding a room tohis house. Syn: agliáaaq-.
inituqtaaq- vi. to be forlorn, to feel a big mental
space left by a person, to be bereft. Putum
iglaaäi aullaqmata initusriáiqami
aliasruktuaqaqsiruq. After Putu's guests left,
he felt the "empty house" and became sad.
Variant: initusriáiq-.
inituqtiq- vi. to be forlorn, to feel a big mental spaceleft by a person, to be bereft. Putum iglaaäi
aullaqmata initusriáiqami
aliasruktuaqaqsiruq. After Putu's guests left,
he felt the "empty house" and became sad.
Variant: initusriáiq-; inituqtaaq-.
initusriáiq- vi. to become forlorn, to feel a big mental
space left by a person, to become bereft. Putum
iglaaäi aullaqmata initusriáiqami
aliasruktuagaqsiruq. After Putu's guests left,
he felt the "empty house" and became sad.
Variant: inituqtaaq-; inituqtiq-.
inniiááak- vt. to reproach, to admonish, to chide. Syn:aiva-; alàaqsruq-; pisaaäa-; unniqsuq-.
innuli- vi. 1) to salivate, to drool. Putu innuliruq

80innuqiñisaliuq-

utuqanaaqhuni. Putu salivates as he is old
now. Syn: quàliaq-. 2) to foam at the mouth.
Syn: qiiqsruq-.
innuq n. the saliva (esp. of sick person). Syn: ivsaq.
inuài- vt. to need someone or something.
Atanàuruam inuàigaa. The master needs it.
Variant: inuqsi-; inuqsraq-.
inuàru- vi. to long (for someone or something). Putu
inuàruruq qalluktuàukhuni. Putu is longing
to eat fish.
inuäa- vi. to be insufficient, to be short of something.
Variant: inuq-.
inuäaiq- vi. to be sufficient.
inuq- vi. to be insufficient, to fall short of
expectations. Variant: inuäa-.
inuq- vt. to miss: fail to reach destination, fail to hit
target. Syn: ataut-; asitqut-;.
inuqnaqsi- vi. to be necessary, to be needed.
inuqsi- vt. to need something. Putu inuqsiruq
aanamiñik. Putu needs his mother Variant:inuài-.
inuqsraliuqtuaq n. needy person. Syn:inuqsraqtuaq.
inuqsraäaiq- vi. to have acquired sufficient means;to have become self-sufficient. Syn:inuqsraäait-.
inuqsraäait- vi. to have sufficient means; to be selfsufficient. Variant: inuqsraäaiq-.
inuqsraq- vt. to need. Putu inuqsraqtuq qaàrunik.
Putu needs shells (to hunt). Variant: inuài-.
inuqsraqtuaq n. needy person. Variant:inuqsraliuqtuaq.
inuqtuuti- vi. to be short of supplies, to run out ofmoney. Putu inuqtuutisruuruq
taaääaàuupluni. Putu always runs out ofmoney because he is always drinking. Syn:inuäa-; naamaniqâiuq-. See: inuqtuutiruaq.
inuqtuutiruaq n. needy person who doesn't haveenough money. Putu inuqtuutiruaäuruq
umiaksraqtaaàmiñik akiáiqsuipáuni. Putu isshort of funds because he is making paymentson the boat he is buying.
iñakäa dem.adv. from over there. See: iñña.
iñakäaq- vi. to come from over there.
iñakäauti vt. to bring from over there.
iñaluat n. intestines. Syn: iäaluat. Pl: iñalurrat.
iñaluk n. intestine: cleaned, dried and stretched (usedfor raingear or window, for enema equipment orseal oil container). Variant: iäaluk.
iñani dem.adv. located over there (near). See: iñña.
iñaniaäagun through the general area over there(vialis).
iñaniaäani located the general area over there(locative).

81

iñaniaäaniñ from the general area over there(ablative).

iñaniaäanun toward the general area over there(terminalis).

iñaviài- vt. to hinder, to delay, to slow someone
down. Syn: iñaviqqutchiq-.

iñaviqqutaq n. hindrance. Syn: sukaiááutaq.
Variant: inaviqqutaq.

iñaviqqutchiq- vt. to hinder, to delay, to slow
down. Variant: iñaviài-.

iñàaq- vi. to leak (of a liquid from a container). Syn:maqi-.

iñàaun n. drip pan (under seal oil lamp, etc.).
iñàausiñiq n. consumed seal oil, leaking from lamp
after burning.

iñàausiq n. piece of suspended blubber which drips
oil into a lamp.

iñàiq n. mountain. See: iààiq.
iñàutaq n. grandchild.
iñi- vt. to hang, to hang up. Syn: naktit-; niviñaq-.
See: niäi-. Variant: iñiri-.

iñiaàvik n. clothesline.
iñiaq n. item that was hung up for drying. Variant:iñiraq.

iñipkaq- vt. to invert an image (because of layers ofheat), to distort an image. Lit: '(atmosphere)
causes something to hang'. Siáam iñipkaàaa
sisualiämi. The weather conditions distorted
the image of Sisualik. Syn: uyumiq-.
iñiq- vt. 1) to complete something, to finish. 2) toadjourn, to stop, to finish. Syn: qasruq-.
iñiqsaaàun n. benediction; a closing song or prayer(in church). Syn: qasruqsaaàun.
iñiqsaaq- vt. to close meeting, to pray or sing inclosing. Agaayupluni katimmaâiq
iñiqsaaàaa. He prayed and closed the meeting.
Syn: qasruqsaaq-.
iñiqsi- vt. to create something; to complete
something.
iñiqsiãiq n. creation.
iñiqsiri n. 1) the creator, maker. Variant:iñiqsirauq. 2) producer.
iñiqtaq n. finished product (ready for use).
iñiqtiàutauruaq n. inhibition; a prohibition.
iñiqtiàutigi- vt. to forbid, to inhibit, to proscribe.
iñiqtiq- vt. to rebuke; to stop someone fromoverdoing something.
iñiqtuiqsiaq n. rest day, period of quiet or inactivity.
Syn: minàuiqsiaàvik.
iñiqtuq- vi. to be tired. Syn: minàuq-; sakniuq-.
iñiraq n. item that was hung up for drying. Variant:iñiaq.
iñiri- vt. to hang. Syn: naktit-. Variant: iñi-.
iñisaliuq- vt. to make a drying rack, to fix a drying

iñisaqrack.

iñisaq n. 1) rack for hanging fish or meat. Iñisat

ukurut. The fish racks collapsed. Syn: iññivik.
Variant: iñisat. 2) rack for snow block to bemelted for drinking water.
iñisautaq (C) n. clothesline. Variant: iññiutaq.
iñiutaq n. clothesline. Variant: iñisauttaq.
iñña dem.pron. that one over there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: itchuak, itchua; itkuak, itkua.
irruma that one over there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: ittuma.
irrumani that one over there (locative). Variant:
ittumani.
irrumuäa toward that one over there (terminalis).
Variant: ittumuäa.
irrumakäa from that one over there (ablative).
Variant: ittumaääa.
irrumuuna through that one over there (vialis).
Variant: ittumuuna.
irrumatun like that one over there (similaris).
Variant: ittumatun.
irrumiäa that one over there, with that one overthere (modalis). Variant: ittumiäa.
iñña dem.adv. over there: visible, stationary/specific.
Syn: amma; avva. See: iñani, iñuäa, iñakäa,
iñuuna - see charts.
iññaàiik- vi. to be apart, but visible. Syn: avvaàiik-.
See: uäasrik-.
iññaàik- (C) vi. to look nice; to look pleasing.
Variant: qiññaàik-.
iññaq- vi. to lie down on one's side (in bed). See:nallaq-.
iññi- vi. to be pregnant. Syn: narrak-; siäaiyau-.
iññiaq- vi. to visit people. Syn: isiqataaq-;
qaiqataaq-; utlaqataaq-. See: aäiáaaqataaq-.
Variant: iññiaqataaq-.
iññiaq- vt. to stretch a hide on a frame. See: ivaq-;
pauk-; qiluqqit-; tasiksruq-.
iññiaqataaq- vi. to visit people. Syn: isiqataaq-;
qaiqataaq-; utlaqataaq-. Variant: iññiaq-.
iññiaqtaq (C) n. skin staked to the ground (forstretching). See: pauktaq.
iññiäait- vi. to be wary of people, to be cautious.
Syn: nuyuaq-; tataigi-.
iññiq- vi. 1) to gather, to meet (of many people in one
place). Syn: kasima-; kasuq-; paaq-. See:paaq-. 2) to become occupied; to havecompany. Tupiq iñuiáaaq iññiqsuq. The
house that was without people is (now) occupied
iññiq- vt. 1) to will to another, to name an heir
apparent. Syn: paitchi-. See: paitchak-. 2) to
occupy a place.
iññiqi- vi. to visit around (more than one person).
iññiqi- vt. to perceive, to sense iqsiut or uliqqatit or

iñugatiññiqqutit (unidentified beings or sounds that
may cause fear). Syn: irusiq-; kapya-.
iññiqimaniq n. sign of human activity or humanpresence.
iññiqqun n. prowler (unknown person sometimes
seen from afar, who is blamed for otherwise
unexplainable circumstances); a fugitive. Syn:immiññauraq; iñuqqun; iqsiut.
iññiqsuq- vt. 1) to keep someone company. 2) toarrange lodging for someone.
iññit- vi. to come upon people, to reach a settlement.
iññitchiq- vi. to set up a drying rack. Putu
iññitchiqsuq kuugum siñaani. Putu set up a
fish drying rack at the beach by the river.
iññiusrima- (C) vi. to live with someone.
iññiutaq n. hanger; a hook on wall. Syn: naktirvik.
iññivik n. rack (to dry nets or anything). Syn: iñisaq.
iññuaàuti- vi. to be caught, to be surprised by people(unexpectedly). Qimitchaktuaq
iññuaàutillaäniaqtuq. He was hanging
himself, but (good for him) people came in time.
iññuk- vi. to form an embryo. Variant: iññuksri-.
iññuk- vt. to rally support, to bring people together, todraw followers. Syn: iñunnak-.
iññuksraq n. embryo (an organism at any time
before full development, birth, or hatching).
iññuksri- vi. to form an embryo. Mannik
iññuksriruq. The egg embryo is forming.
Variant: iññuk-.
iñuaàrugi- (C) vt. to despise, to treat a person with
contempt. Putum avakäaqtaq iñuaàrugigaa.
Putu despised the foreigner. Syn: iáaipaaàrugi-;
supasaàinàit-; suunàiáaài-. See:naààuqsruq-.
iñuaàruk (C) n. 1) debased person, badly treatedperson. 2) orphan. See: iáaipak; aàramiu.
iñuaàun n. murder; murder weapon.
iñuaq- vi. to murder, to kill unlawfully. Syn: tuqut-.
iñuaqti n. murderer. Syn: iñuqaànaiáaq. Variant:iñuaqtuqti.
iñugaaàruich n. crowd. Variant: iñugayaat;
iñugaaàruk.
iñugaaàruk n. crowd. Variant: iñgaaàruich;
iñugayaat.
iñugaigmata n. plural (in Iñupiat grammar). Lit:
'when they are many'.
iñugaqaâigauraq n. midget, country elf (Iñupiaq
folklore). Syn: iñuäuluuraq. Variant:iñugaqaâiq.
iñugaqtu- vi. 1) to be tall (of human). 2) to be longlegged, to have long legs.
iñugat n. phalanges (the bones of a finger or toe of ahuman or an animal). Syn: isigaat. Variant:iñugauraq.

82

iñugauraq

iñuniaàvigruaq

iñugauraq n. 1) finger or a small toe. 2) metatarsal

bone, phalange (used only in plural). See:
iñugat.
iñugayaat n. crowd. Syn: iñugaaàruk;iñugaaàruich.
iñuggun n. life. Syn: iñuuâiq.
iñugiak- vi. to be many, to be numerous.
iñugiakkisuurat adj. very few. Syn: ikituurat.
iñugiakkit adj. few (of anything). See: iñukkit.
Variant: iñugiakkisuurat.
iñugiakkit- vi. to be few.
iñugiaksi- vi. to multiply. Nuviivat
iñugiaksiááapiaqtut. The flies multiplied very
much.
iñugiaksitmuk- vi. to increase, to multiply.
iñugiirrun n. instigator, inciter: a person who
provokes another.
iñugiit- vi. 1) to be choleric, to be irritable, to have a
bad disposition. Syn: irrusriàiit-; irrusiàiit-.
2) to be ugly; to have an unpleasant personality.
See: iñupaâuk.
iñugik- vi. 1) to be a good person; to be an honest
man. 2) to be handsome. Syn: irrusriàik-;irrusiàik-.
iñugluaài- vt. to reject someone (as employee, guest,
family member, etc.), not to accept a person.
Syn: ayak-; naààu-. Variant: iñugluaq-.
iñugluaq- vt. to reject someone (as employee, guest,
family member, etc.), not to accept a person.
Variant: iñugluaài-.
iñugraitchiaq n. tall or big person (taller, bigger
than others). Syn: iñukpak.
iñugruaq (C) n. living being.
iñuguàvik n. the place where one was raised. Syn:pamiàvik.
iñuguq- vi. to mature, to grow up: to become adult.
See: iñukkuk-. Variant: iñuguqtit-.
iñuguqtit- vt. to raise a child or an animal, to bringup. Syn: iñukkuksaq-. See: iñuguq-;
pamiqsaq-.
iñuguqtitaq n. foster child, adopted child.
iñuguun n. childhood item: food eaten or thing usedin childhood.
iñuiáaaq n. wilderness, empty place, uninhabited
place; a deserted place. Variant: iñuiáaq.
iñuiáaaq- vi. to be vacant, to be void of people(people have left). Syn: iñuiq-; iñuit-.
iñuiáaàuti- vt. 1) to miss a person. Syn: ivaàiatchi-;kiñuviannak-; piitchi-; urgiasruk-. 2) to finda place deserted.
iñuiáàu- (C) vi. to be uninhabited, to be deserted.
iñuiñaàutaiáaq n. nineteen.
iñuiñakipiaq n. four hundred.
iñuiñaq n. twenty.

83

iñuiñaq qulit n. thirty.
iñuiq- vi. to be vacant, to be void of people (people
have left). Syn: iñuiáaaq-; iñuit-.

iñuit- vi. to be vacant, to be void of people (people
have left). Syn: iñuiáaaq-.

iñuk n. person.
iñukkit adj. few (of people only). See: iñugiakkit.
iñukkuk- vt. to nurture into maturity, to raise tomaturity. See: iñuguq-.

iñukkuksaivik (C) n. July (raising time). Syn:itchavik; isavik.

iñukkuksaq- vt. to raise, to rear. Syn: iñuguqtit-.
See: pamiqsaq-.

iñukâuk n. bad person, evil person.
iñukâuqutaq- vt. to harass (to harass or disturb by

repeated attacks); to taunt (to drive or incite (aperson) by taunting).
iñukâuqutau- vi. to annoy, (to cause slight irritation
to (another) by troublesome acts); to be a
nuisance. Syn: papriñaq-.
iñuknisau- vi. to be human, to be of human origin.
iñukpak n. 1) big and tall person (taller, bigger thanothers). Syn: iñukpasuk. See: iñukpasrugruk.
2) adult.
iñukpalliq- vi. to reveal oneself (by appearing or
making a sound). Sivuniksriqirit
iñukpalliàñiqsut akunàatni iñuich. Prophets
appeared among the people. Syn: iñuksruuq-;
sukpalliq-; sukuiqsit-; uääiqi-.
iñukpasrugruk n. giant. See: iñukpak;
iñugraitchiaq. Variant: iñukpasuk.
iñuksuk n. 1) scarecrow. 2) hedge, pile of rocks (usedto corral caribou). Syn: saiàut. See: iriàvik.
iñuksruit- vi. 1) to be peaceful. 2) to be quiet; to besoundless, to be still.
iñuksruk- vi. to have the human noise of dailyliving in a community.
iñuksrula- vi. to make noise as one moves (a noiseof which a human is capable, although the noise
can come from another source than a human).
Syn: siaksrula-.
iñuksruäniq n. noise, loud sound. Syn: nipitu;
ittuktuuq; ugiaàuulaniq.
iñuksruuq- vi. to reveal oneself (by allowing oneself
to be seen or heard moving, by being noisy).
Syn: iñukpalliq-; sukpalliq-; uääiqi-.
iñuktalik n. murderer: person who has killed
someone in the distant past.
iñuktaq n. murder victim.
iñukuaqtuaq- vi. to be human.
iñulik n. place that is inhabited or populated.
iñuniaàvigruaq n. 1) old home site. Syn: inaaàruk.
2) ancient sod house. Syn: igluluaàruk;igluàruaq; tupiàruaq.

iñuniaàvik
iñuniaàvik n. living space: house, tent, etc. See:tupiq.
iñunnak- vt. to rally support, to bring people
together, to draw followers. Syn: iññuk-.
iñunäunaq- vi. to be hyperactive, to bemischievous, to be troublesome. Syn:papriñaq-. See: sanmikãiq-.
iñuäa dem.adv. toward over there. See: iñña.
iñuäatmun dem.adv. toward over there.
iñuäatmuk- vi. to be heading to over there(focus: direction).
iñuäaq- vi. to come over there (focus: actor).
iñuäauti- vt. to take over there (focus: goal).
iñuäniit- vi. to be antisocial, to be impolite, to beungracious.
iñuäniq- vi. to be congenial, to be cordial, to beamiable.
iñuääuali- vi. to make a doll.
iñuääuaq n. doll. Variant: iñuääuuraq.
iñuäuluuraq n. midget, little person; a country elf(Iñupiat folklore). Syn: iñugaqaâigauraq.
iñupaâuk n. ugly person. See: iñugiit-.
iñupayaaq n. everyone, everybody. Lit: 'every
person'.
iñupayaat n. all people, the human race.
iñupiaàataq n. real person. Variant: iñupiaq.
iñupiaq n. Eskimo person. Lit: 'real person'.
iñupiatun adv. (act) like an Iñupiaq; in the Iñupiaq
language.
iñupiuraaq- vi. to speak in the Iñupiaq language.
iñuqaànaiáaq n. destroyer; chief who murders
newcomers. Syn: iñuaqti.
iñuqqun n. prowler (unknown person seen from afar
and blamed for unexplainable circumstances).
Syn: immiññauraq; iññiqqun.
iñuquâigauraq (C) n. dwarf; a "little person" (inlegends). Syn: iñuäuluuraq.
iñuu- vi. to be living, to be alive (of a human). See:
iñuunniaq-.
iñuuli- vt. to help, to assist, to succor. Pakaktuaq
iñuuligik aäutik tammaqtuak. The searchers
are helping the lost men to live. Iñuich
iñuuligaich kakkaaqtuat payukâugich
niqinik. People are helping starving people stayalive by sharing food. See: ikayuq-.
iñuuâhit- vi. to be lifeless.
iñuuâiq n. life. Syn: iñuuniaâiq.
iñuuna dem.adv. through over there. See: iñña.
iñuunaaq- vi. to go through over there.
iñuunaitchuaq n. place under taboo: shamanmurders people here by his power. See:agliànaq-.
iñuunaq- vi. to be life-giving.
iñuuniaâiq n. way of life, way of doing things. Syn:iäiáàaaqnisaq
iáitqusriq; iñuuâiq.

iñuuniaq- vi. to make one's living, to subsist. Variant:iñuniaq-.

iñuuniaqqan n. living companion; a neighbor.
iñuuniaqqun n. law, what ought to be done. Syn:
atuqtaksraq; maliàutaksraq; pitqun.

iñuuniaqqurrun n. rule for living (with others).
iñuunniaq- vt. to provide for daily food andessentials. See: iñuu-.

iñuunniaqti n. 1) provider: person who provides fordaily food and essentials (e.g. grandson livingwith grandmother, doing all daily chores andlooking for food). 2) nurse; a person who nurses
a sick person.
iñuunniutiksrat n. 1) tools to make a living (e.g.
guns, nets, boat, sled). 2) material provisions.
iñuuqqan n. person close in age to one's own age,contemporary. See: uumaaq; suunaaq.
Variant: iñuuqqatigiik.
iñuusiq (C) n. soul (credited with the faculties ofthought, action, and emotion and conceived as
an immaterial entity). Syn: ilitqusriq;
iáitqusriq. Variant: iñuusriq.
iñuusriq n. soul (credited with the faculties ofthought, action, and emotion and conceived as
an immaterial entity). See: ilitqusiq; iáitqusriq.
Variant: iñuusiq.
iñuut- vt. to sustain (to keep someone alive), tobolster someone, to uphold someone.
iñuvik- vi. to impress females (said of a man). Syn:aäutiââak-.
iän. the self: individuality, sense of identity.
iäaàaq n. black guillemot. Cepphus grylle.
iäaluaqtaq n. umbilical cord.
iäaluat n. the intestines (all of it). Syn: kivigruat;
qiatuqtuq. Variant: iñaluat. Pl: iäalurrat.
iäaluatchiat n. the intestines of a ptarmigan.
iäalugaaluk (C) n. edible seaweed. Porphyra
laciniata.
iäaluk n. intestine: cleaned, dried and stretched (usedfor raingear or window, for enema equipment orseal oil container). Variant: iñaluk.
iäiaq- vt. to surpass; to excel; to best someone. Syn:sivulik-.
iäiaqatautraq n. person who surpasses another or
who excels over another; a person who bests orbeats someone. Syn: sivulikkatautraq.
iäiàruusriruaq n. intercessor, one who prays foranother. Variant: iäiqsruutriruaq.
iäiáàaan adv. long time ago. Nalunaqtuaäuruq
Agaayyutim iriqsimakkaäa imakäaqaäa
iäiáàaasaaq. It is a secret which God had
hidden from very long ago.
iäiáàaaqnisaq n. artifact, fossil item. Syn:84

iäiq-

ipiqtusuk- (C)aippaaqnisaq; alàaqsaq; imakäaqtaq;
iyaàaàuqtuaq; taimakäaqtaq; utuqqaqtaq.
iäiq- vt. to ask something; to beg.
iäiqsruaq n. request. See: iäiqsruq-.
iäiqsruâiq n. prayer. Syn: agaayuâiq.
iäiqsruq- vt. to ask, to beg; to pray. Putum aapani
iäiqsruàaa maniqaàukhuni. Putu begs hisfather because he wants to have money. Putu
iäiqsruqtuq aapamiñun maniqaàukhuni.
Putu begs of his father because he wants to havemoney. Syn: agaayu-.
iäiqsruqtaàvik n. place for prayer.
iäiqsruuti- vt. to pray for someone, to intercede in
prayer.
iäiqsruutriãiq n. intercession, intercessory prayer.
iäiqsruutrirauq n. intercessor, one who prays foranother. Syn: uqapsaaàutrirauq. Variant:iäiàruusriruaq.
iäiula- vt. to beg, to ask persistently / earnestly. Syn:piatchiaq-; pulaaq-.
iäiulik n. swell, long wave on water that moves
continuously without breaking.
iäiulik- vi. to rise in swells, as in the ocean; toundulate, to roll.
iäiulikpak n. breaker, breaking wave. Syn:
qaaqtaq. See: saàaaq-; qaggaq.
iäiulinäu- vi. to be seasick, to have motion sickness.
iäiuliuq- vi. to rock (of a boat); to pitch (of a boat).
iäiuq- vt. to ambush, to lie in wait for someone, towatch from a hiding place. Syn: itchuq-;naàruk-. See: misiksruq-; utaqqi-. Variant:iäiuqâiq-.
iäiuqâiq- vt. to lie in wait for someone, to watch
from a concealed place. See: mitchiuq-.
Variant: iäiuq-.
iämak- vi. to possess, to own. Tarakäaniñaglaan
taavruma maliàuaqtim iämaäniàaa
kiñuniàmiñun. From then on that disciple took
her [as his own mother] to his home.
iämi n. self.
iämiguuq- vi. to be selfish, to be egoistic.
iämikkuaàniq n. faction (group following their ownplan).
iämiq- vi. to reach goal in one day, to complete ajourney in one day. See: kinilit-; utiàrak-.
iäniq- vt. to render: to reduce, convert, or melt down(fat) by heating. Syn: igniq-.
iäutaq n. 1) owl trap. 2) pole for placing an owl trap.
iäutuq n. young female whale (choice).
iäutuvak n. large whale with rolled blubber on back.
ipaktiq- vt. to turn around and to be ready to shootquills (of a porcupine).
ipchua dem.pron. those in the past, those unknown(plural). See: imña, ipchuak. Variant: ipkua

85

(C).

ipchunani those located in the past (locative).
ipchunuäa toward those in the past (terminalis).
ipchunakäa from those in the past (ablative).
ipchunuuna through those in the past (vialis).
ipchunatun like those in the past (similaris).
ipchuniäa those in the past, with those in thepast (modalis).

ipchuak dem.pron. those two in the past, thoseunknown two (dual). See: imña, ipchua.
Variant: ipkuak (C).
ipchuänaäni those two located in the past(locative).
ipchuänuäa toward those two in the past(terminalis).
ipchuänakäa from those two in the past(ablative).
ipchuänuuna through those two in the past(vialis).
ipchuänaktun like those two in the past(similaris).
ipchuäniäa those two in the past, with those
two in the past (modalis).
ipi- vi. to drown, to suffocate.
ipiak n. Fallopian tubes.
ipialik n. waterproof hip boot. Syn: imaàniqqun;
iqaqâik; kamigruak; kivluaq; mamilik;
qaqâik; ulitchuiáaq.
ipiaq n. groin.
ipiàaq n. 1) wick. 2) mantle (of lantern).
ipiàaq- vi. to wade in water. Syn: ipiqsaaq-;
naluk-.
ipiàaq- vt. 1) to discard, give up on something. 2) towhip.
ipiàaqtuq- to whip with repeated strokes.
ipiàaqtuq- vt. to cut wood with an ax. Syn:anauttaq-.
ipiàaqtuun n. string whip for dogs.
ipiàauttaq n. axe. Syn: anauttaq.
ipik- vi. to be sharp. Putu ipiksauraaqtuq
saviämiñik. Putu is slowly sharpening his
knife. Variant: ipiksaq-.
ipiksaq- vt. to sharpen. Syn: itäik-; siái-.
ipiksaun n. sharpener (for cutting tools). Syn:kigiñaksaun; siááiñ.
ipinniaq- vi. to gasp, to fight for breath (in water, insmoke or with asthma). Syn: ipisriaq-. See:ipya-.
ipiq n. dirt.
ipiqqiq n. marijuana cigarette (slang: joint).
ipiqqiq- vt. to supply a wick, to put a wick on a lamp.
ipiqsaaq- vi. to wade in water. Syn: ipiàaq-; naluk-.
ipiqtusuk- (C) vi. to be despondent, to be sad.
Variant: ipiqtusruk-.

ipiqtusrukipiqtusruk- vi. to be despondent, to be sad. See:

ipiqtusuk-.
ipisriaq- vi. to gasp, to fight for breath (in water, insmoke or with asthma). Syn: ipinniaq-. See:ipya-.
ipit- vt. to strangle; to drown.
ipiusiq- vt. to attach a line to something: e.g. whale,
tool, fish hooks. Syn: nuqaq-. Variant:
ipiutchiq-.
ipiutaq n. 1) umbilical cord. Syn: mikâiaq (C).
2) cord on tool, fish line; a handle made of cord
or string.
ipiutatchii- vi. to have a remaining bit of excrement
hanging from rectum (of a dog).
ipiutchiq- vt. to attach a tow line. Variant: ipiusiq-.
ipkiáaq n. dull instrument.
ipkiái- vi. to become dull.
ipkiq- vt. to make dull (by constant use).
ipkit- vi. to be dull, to be not sharp, to be blunt.
ipkua (C) dem.pron. those in the past, those unknown(plural). Variant: ipchua.
ipkunani those located in the past (locative).
ipkunuäa toward those in the past (terminalis).
ipkunaääa from those in the past (ablative).
ipkunuuna through those in the past (vialis).
ipkunatun like those in the past (similaris).
ipkuniäa those in the past, with those in the past(modalis).
ipkuak (C) dem.pron. those two in the past, those
two unknown (dual). Variant: ipchuak.
ipkuänaäni those two located in the past(locative).
ipkuänuäa toward those two in the past(terminalis).
ipkuänaääa from those two in the past(ablative).
ipkuänuuna through those two in the past(vialis).
ipkuänaktun like those two in the past(similaris).
ipkuäniäa those two in the past, with those twoin the past (modalis).
ipáuäa- vi. to be bow-legged.
ipnaàruich n. canyon.
ipnaiq n. sheep, mountain sheep, dall sheep. ovis
dalli.
ipnaiyaaq n. lamb, young one of a sheep.
ipnalik n. woman's dress parka with hanging sides.
Syn: atituàutilik; atqaàutilik.
ipnaq n. 1) cliff (overhang); a steep natural incline.
2) lower side section of parka.
ipnit- vi. to be scared about height and barely to beable to climb higher. See: akpakkaq-.
ippak- vi. to get dirty.

ipuktaaàun
ippaq- vt. to eat everything on one's plate; to lickclean. See: aluk-.

ippiq n. large, long, sweet leaf.
ippun n. long oar. See: iput-.
ippurvik n. oarlock. Variant: ippusiq.
ippurviáiq- vt. to attach oarlocks. See: ippusiq-;
ippusriq-.

ippusiàvik n. hole for an oarlock.
ippusiq n. oarlock. Variant: ippurvik.
ippusiq- (C) vt. to put oars into oarlocks. See:
ippurviáiq-. Variant: ippusriq-.

ippusriq- vt. to put oars into oarlocks. Variant:
ippusiq-.

ipput- vt. to row, to propel a boat with oars. See:
aäuutmik-.

ipputigi- vt. to laugh very hard about something.

Putum ipputigillaqayaàaa Putu laughs sohard he is almost out of breath See: aaqsallaiq-;
igáaàuitáaiq-.
ipqiãiq n. purity; holiness.
ipqiq- vi. to become clean; to become holy.
ipqiqsaâiq n. sanctification.
ipqiqsaq- vt. to purify; to sanctify, to dedicate, toconsecrate.
ipqiqsau- vi. to be sanctified; to be consecrated.
ipqiqsaun n. purification (event), sanctification(process of it).
ipqiqsit- vt. to hallow, to make holy.
ipqiqsittuaq iñuk n. saint, person made pure/holy.
Syn: ukpiqsrirauq.
ipqit- vi. to be clean; to be holy.
ipqitchuaq- vi. to be holy, to be pure.
ipqitchuaq palapkaaq n. tabernacle (Bible: placeof worship in the wilderness). Syn:agaayyuvikpak.
ipqu- vi. to be dirty.
ipruk- vt. to raise heavy object, to lever an object.
Variant: ipuk-.
ipsuk- vt. to shake; to vibrate.
ipsuksiq- vt. to air something (e.g. clothing, bedding,etc), to expose something; to ventilate items.
ipsuktaq- vi. to flap (in wind); to wave.
ipsuligaq- vi. to become wet (by walking throughwet plants). See: ipsulik-. Variant: ivsuligaq-.
ipsulik- vi. to be wet from moisture on plants. See:
ipsuligaq-. Variant: ivsulik- (C).
iptuàiq- vi. to stutter, to stammer.
ipu n. long handle (of a frying pan, bucket, tool,etc.).
ipu- vt. to attach a handle to.
ipuàaun n. lever; something to pry with.
ipuk- vt. to raise heavy object, to lever. Variant:ipruk-.
ipuktaaàun n. seesaw, jumping board. Syn:

86

ipuktaaq-

iqirgagiaq

ipuktaq; ipuktaun; aatchukisaun.

ipuktaaq- vi. to jump on a seesaw board. Syn:

ipuktaaàun; ipuktaq. Variant:aatchukisaaq-.
ipuktaq n. jumping board, seesaw, teeter-totter. Syn:aatchukisaun. Variant: ipuktaun;
ipuktaaàun.
ipuktaun n. jumping board, seesaw, teeter-totter.
See: ipuktaq; ipuktaaàun. Variant:aatchukisaun.
ipummiq- vi. to close one's mouth and keep lips
sealed. Variant: upummiq-; uqummiq-.
ipuqhuq- vi. to dive in water (muskrat). Variant:ipuqhummiq-; puqhuq-.
ipya- vi. to be short of breath. See: ipinniaq-;
ipisriaq-. Variant: ivyanäu-.
ipyanaq- vi. to be stuffy, to lack sufficientventilation. Variant: ivyanäunaq-.
ipyanäuqtuq- vi. to struggle for breath (because
something is covering the face, or because ofasthma). Variant: ivyanäuqtuq-.
iqaài- vt. 1) to wash one's face and hands. Syn:iààuq-; uaq-. 2) to wash clothes (plural).
iqait- vi. 1) to be supple, to be limber. See: iqaq-.
2) to be industrious.
iqaksri n. impatience (with someone who works
poorly); dissatisfaction.
iqaksri- vi. to be impatient (with someone's poor
performance); to be dissatisfied about someone.
iqalugruaq n. salmon (chum). Oncorhyunchus keta.
See: aqalugruaq; qalugruaq.
iqaluk n. fish. See: aqaluk; qaluk.
iqaluk- vt. to catch fish. See: aqaluk-; qaluk-.
iqalukpik (C) n. 1) trout. 2) arctic char. See:aqalukpik; qalukpik.
iqaluäniaq- vi. to fish, to go fishing. See:aqaluäniaq-; qaluäniaq-. Variant:iqalugniaq-.
iqaluäniaqti n. fisherman; one who catches fish.
See: qaluäniaqti; aqaluäniaqti.
iqalupiaq n. whitefish; any species of white fish. Syn:aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalupiaq; qalusraaq;
qausriáuk; quptik; siraatchiaq; tipuk.
iqalusaaq n. small dark whitefish (size of smelt). Syn:aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalupiaq; qausriáuk;
quptik; siraatchiaq; tipuk. Variant:qalusraaq.
iqalusaaq- vt. to catch whitefish. Variant:qalusraaq-.
iqaq- vi. to be stiff (not limber). See: iqait-.
iqaqâik n. waterproof boot (knee-high). Syn:imaàniqqun; ipialik; kivluaq; mamilik;
ulitchuiáaq. Variant: iqaqâak; qaqâik.
iqaqqivik n. washbasin.

87

iqaqqun n. bar of soap.
iqaqsraksrat n. dirty clothes (that need to be
washed). See: iqaqsrat.

iqaqsrat n. clean, washed clothes. See: iqaqsraksrat.
iqaqsri- vt. to wash clothes. Syn: uluk-.
iqaqsrivik n. 1) washing machine. 2) laundry room
(for doing the wash).

iqatchaq- vt. to assume control, to take oversomeone's work (because of poor performance).
Variant: iqigitchaq-.
iqi- vi. to contract (of worm), to draw together(change size). Syn: iqiràaq-; iqit-.
iqianniuq- vi. to be sleepy when awakened; to be
drowsy from not getting enough sleep.
iqiasuk- vi. to be lazy. See: iqiit-. Variant: iqiasruk-.
iqiasruk- vi. to be lazy; to be exhausted. Putu
savatlaiáaq iqiasrukhuni. Putu who cannot
work is lazy. See: iqiit-. Variant: iqiasuk-.
iqiatchak- vi. 1) to become lazy; to become too
sleepy to work. 2) to wane (of the moon). Syn:piyaàit-; puktallak-.
iqigitchaq- vt. to assume control, to take oversomeone's work (because of poor performance).
Variant: iqatchaq-.
iqiàun n. whaling captain's tattoo at the corner of his
mouth, one for each whale. Syn: kakiñik;
tupik.
iqiàutchaq- vi. to do something unusual or
unexpected.
iqiiááak- vi. to wake up easily, to be awake instantly.
Putu iqiiááaktuq. Putu was instantly awake.
Syn: itillak-. Variant: iqiiááaktiq-.
iqiiq- vi. to wake up completely, to become fully
awake.
iqiiqsaq- vt. to wake someone, to rouse someone
from sleep.
iqiit- vi. to be energetic (not be lazy). See: iqiasuk-;iqiasruk-.
iqiliq- vi. in the presence of unseen danger: to shrink
back ; to withdraw.
iqimik- vt. to embrace, to wrap one's arm aroundsomeone, to hug. Syn: iqit-; iqittaaq-. Variant:
iqimmaaq-.
iqimmaaq- vt. to embrace, to wrap one's arm aroundsomeone, to hug. Syn: iqit-; iqittaaq-. Variant:iqimik-.
iqinnait- vi. to be skilled, to be adept, to workwithout having to be taught. Syn: sanatu-;
savitu-; savvaqtu-.
iqinnaq- vi. to be awkward: clumsy, unskilled; to be
inept.
iqiq n. corner of mouth.
iqirgagiaq n. Sabine's gull. Xema sabini. Syn:aqargigiaq.

iqiràalik
iqiràalik n. square, cube (geometry). Syn:kaäiàalulik.
iqiràaq- vi. contract (of worm), to draw together(change size). Syn: iqi-; iqit-.
iqiràuq n. corner.
iqisimaaq- vt. to carry between arms and body.
iqisruk- vi. to feel superior: to feel better qualified ormore capable than another.
iqit n. fist.
iqit- vi. 1) to contract (of worm), to draw together(change size). Variant: iqi-. 2) to make a fist.
Syn: iqiràaq-.
iqit- vt. to hug with both arms, to embrace, to put
one's arm around somebody. Syn: iqimik-;iqimmaaq-; iqittaaq-. Variant: iqi-.
iqitquq n. little finger; a pinkie. Variant:
iqitquuraq.
iqitquuraq n. little finger, pinkie. Variant: iqitquq.
iqittaaq- vt. to embrace, to hug, to put one's arm
around someone. Paul-aasiiñ atqaqhuni
qulaäiqsiqamiuä iqittaaàniàaa. When Paul
had gone down and bent over him closely, heembraced him. Variant: iqimik- ; iqimmaaq- ;iqit-.
iqãaaàniq n. chip.
iqãaaq n. crack (of wood, fingernail, etc). Syn:quppak; quqhaq. See: qupiniq.
iqãaaq- vi. to crack, to chip. Igaliq iqãaaqtuq
ikpaksraq. The window pane cracked
yesterday. Syn: quqhaq-; nuki-. See: qupi-.
iqãak n. hook used to fish through the ice.
iqãak- vt. to hook (fishing through the ice).
iqãaäa- vi. to caricature, to make a funny face. Syn:iquraq-.
iqãiäa- vi. to be bow-legged. Syn: iváuäa-.
iqãiäaaq n. bow-legged person. Putu iqãiäaaàuqtuq.
Putu is becoming a bow-legged person. Syn:iváuäaaq.
iqãiäaaq- vi. to be bent (out of shape). Qirukiqãiäaaàuqtuq. The (piece of) wood has
become bentiqãiqtaq- vi. to walk in bow-legged manner.
iqãu n. colon: large intestine.
iqmaktat n. one bundle of dried fish (equals 20
strings of fish). See: uuyurat; paniqtaq.
iqpaq- vi. to be open (of door).
iqpiàaaq- vi. to open easily (of tent flaps).
Palapkaam paaäa iqpiàaaqtuq
anuqâiqman. The entry way to the tent opens
easily when it is windy. Syn: ikiàaaq-.
iqpiq- vt. to open a door or a flap of a tent. See:
upkuiq-.
iqqaâuk- vi. to be sloppy.
iqqaq- vt. to throw away. Syn: igit-; igitaq-;

iqsuäaigitqataq-.

iqqiäa- vi. to be sway-backed, to be crooked.
iqqiq- vi. to assume a sway-back position; to protrude
the buttocks.

iqquaq- vt. to slap on the buttocks. Syn: iqquaqtaq-.
iqquaqtaq- vt. to spank (a child). Syn: iqquaq-;
pattak-.

iqquiqiáuk- vi. to do the motions required for a "hula"dance. Variant: iqquuqiáuk-.

iqquiqiraq- vi. to sway the buttocks as one walks.
See: uluqhuqtaaq-. Variant: iqquuqiraq-.

iqquk n. 1) the buttocks of person. 2) heart, at cards.
iqquli- vt. to skin a small animal (e.g. muskrat) by

cutting around the hind legs. Syn: aak-; amiiq-;
amiiqsi-; nayuk-.
iqquliñ n. small, pointed knife (used only forskinning small animal). Syn: aagun; aaksiñ.
iqquq- vt. to wipe one's rectum after defecating.
iqquun n. toilet paper. See: iqquutiksraq.
iqquuqiáuk- vi. to do the motions required for a"hula" dance. See: iqquiqiáuk-.
iqquuqiraq- vi. to sway the buttocks as one walks.
Variant: iqquiqiraq-.
iqquutiksraq n. toilet paper. Variant: iqquun.
iqsi- vi. to be afraid. See: taluqsriruaq.
iqsigi- vt. to fear something.
iqsiñait- vi. to be lovely, to be pleasant.
iqsiñaq- n. to be frightening, to be dreadful.
iqsiñaqtuaq n. dread, anxiety caused by the
anticipation of danger.
iqsiñàiq- vi. to be fearless, to be unafraid.
iqsipchaq- vt. to scare someone, to frighten
someone. Syn: nuyuaqtit-. See:tatavrualatchi-. Variant: iqsipchai-;
iqsipkaq-.
iqsipkaq- vt. to scare someone, to frighten someone.
Variant: iqsipchaq-.
iqsisaaq- vt. to frighten someone, to scare someone.
Syn: iqsipchaq-; nuyuaqtit-. See:tatavrualatchi-.
iqsisu- vi. to be easily frightened, to be always fearful
or apprehensive.
iqsitchak- vi. to become afraid, to becomefrightened.
iqsiut n. unidentified being or noises that may cause
fear. Syn: iññiqqun; uliqqatit.
iqsu n. dandruff.
iqsuk- vi. to wrinkle one's nose in disapproval; torespond negatively by wrinkling one's nose
(indicating "No"). Syn: naqsik-.
iqsuktaq- vt. to show dislike (by wrinkling one's nose
repeatedly).
iqsuäa- vi. to have wrinkled nose, face, etc. Syn:imuâuk-; qilukâuk-; ulluk-; ulluuq-.

88iqsuq-irrisiun (C)iqsuq- vi. to be ready for tanning (of caribou skin).
iqsuq- vt. to crack dry skin to be wetted for further

tanning.
iqsraaq- vt. to slap someone on the cheek. See:
iqquaq-; patiksi-; pattak-.
iqsraàutilik n. Canada goose. Branta Canadensis.
iqsraq n. cheek. See: uluak.
iqsriq- vt. to shoulder something, to put something on
one shoulder to carry it. Variant: iqsruk-.
iqsruk- vt. to shoulder something, to put something
on one shoulder to carry it. Syn: iqsriq-.
Variant: iqsruktuq-.
iqu- vi. to become askew.
iqumiraaq- vt. to make a face intentionally, todistort one's face. Iñña
iqumiraaàuralgitchuq. That one over there ismaking faces again. Syn: iquraq-. See:uumiáa-.
iquäa- vi. to be slanted, to be askew. Syn:iquäaugaq-.
iquäaugaq- vi. to be crooked. Syn: iquäa-.
iquraq- vt. 1) to wink with one eye (deliberately, as
to convey a message, signal, or suggestion). Syn:siqutniq-. 2) to caricature; to make a funny
face. Syn: iqãaäa-; iqumiraaq-.
iraàaqturuaq n. the size of a mesh (fish net).
Variant: iraàuq; iraàukkisuuraq.
iraàukkisuuraq n. the size of a mesh (fish net).
Variant: iraàuq; iraàaqturuaq.
iraàuq n. the size of a mesh (fish net). Variant:iraàukkisuuraq; iraàaqturuaq.
iraàuq- vi. to collide, to irritate the eye (e.g. a twig or
towel). See: irrit-; kigraaligaq-.
iraàuqtuun n. measure for a mesh (rectangularpiece of wood used when making fish nets byhand). Syn: kuvriñ.
iraiáaq n. person without eye(s).
iraiyayuuq n. shrike. Lanius excubitor.
irakit- vi. to be narrow.
iraqsraq n. 1) crumbs of food. 2) crumbs of tobacco,loose tobacco (in pouch).
iraqsraun n. tobacco pouch.
iraqtu- vi. to be wide. Atigiga iraqturuq. My
cover (parka) is wide. See: iraqtutilaaäa;
ikarraqtu-; ikiqtu-.
iraqumak n. 1) lens of an eye, iris. 2) somethingwide.
iratqi n. bite-size square of cut-up food.
iratqi- vt. to cut up food in bite-size chunks.
irauraqtat n. muffin, biscuit. Variant:iraurigauraqtat (C).
iraurigauraqtat (C) n. muffin, biscuit. See:
irauraqtat.
iraurrisit n. muffin pan.

89

irgasiq- vt. to nibble at food, to nibble away atsomething. Syn: kigaluk-; putyuämik-.
Variant: irgasii-.
irgiun n. piece of charcoal. Syn: auma; aumaraq.
irin. eye.
irigaak n. eye glasses.
irigiit- vi. to have bad eyesight.
iriàaqtuq- vt. to spy, to observe secretly with hostile
intent. Syn: naipit-. See: takkuuqti.
iriàauraq n. game of hide and seek.
iriàauraq- vi. to play the game of "hide and seek".
iriàruak n. pair of binoculars; a pair of goggles.
iriàruiñaq- vt. to stare, to look straight at a person or
into someone's eye. Syn: qiñiqpak-;qiñiqsaàataq-; qiññaàluk-. Variant:iriàruiñaaq-.
iriàutilik n. black dog with white spots above eyes.
iriàvik n. groove around the drum frame where thestring rests in attaching the drum skin. See:iñuksuk; saiàut.
irii- vt. to bury underground (e.g. a piece of meat).
irikisuuraq n. person with small eyes.
iriliqiri n. eye doctor, ophthalmologist, optometrist.
Putum takkuvia iriliqirim kaäiqsiuàniàaa.
The eye doctor checked Putu's pupil (of the eye).
iriluk- vi. to have trouble with one's eyes.
iriämigaq- vt. to wink one's eyes at someone else.
iriq- vt. to hide; to bury. Syn: tuqtuqtuq-; iáuviq-.
iràuti- to hide something for someone.
iriqakun adv. in secret, secretely. Lit: 'by means ofhiding'.
iriqpaqaq- vi. to be wide-eyed, to have big eyes.
iriqtaq n. hidden object, concealed object.
irisiñik (C) n. the eye cavity, the eye socket. Variant:
irisriñik.
irisiun (C) n. eye drops (medicine). See: irisriun.
irisriñik n. the eye cavity, the eye socket. Variant:irisiñik.
irisriun n. eye drops (medicine). Variant: irisiun.
irraaqtaq- vi. to be broken (of an eye of a needle), tobecome unusable or inoperative (of a needle).
irraiq- (C) vi. to become mild, to become moderate
weather (having been cold). See: itraiq-.
irrait- (C) vi. to be mild, to be temperate (ofweather). See: itrait-.
irri (C) n. cold weather; frigid weather. See: itri.
irriliq- (C) vi. to be very cold (of weather), to be
frigid. See: itriliq-.
irrimik- (C) vt. to mimic: to copy closely in
expression or gesture, especially with hands.
See: iruài-. Variant: irruaq-.
irriäuq- (C) vi. to become icy cold; to become
frigid. See: itriäuq-.
irrisiun (C) n. thermometer (for weather). See:

irrit- (C)itrisriun.

isavgaq
irupkaqtaq-.

irrit- (C) vi. to get an object in one's eye (dustirupkaq- vi. to fall from a high place (e.g. banks of

irriutaq n. irritant, foreign matter in the eye.
irruaq- vt. to mimic: to copy closely in expression or

irupkaqtaq- vi. to tumble down. Syn: iivraluak-.

particle, twig, etc). See: iraàuq-; kigraaligaq-.

gesture, especially with hands. Variant:irrimik-.
irrusiàiit- (C) vi. to have a bad disposition; to be
unpleasant. See: irrusiàik-. Variant:
irrusriàiit-.
irrusiàik- (C) vi. to have a good disposition; to bepleasant (of good character and honest). Syn:iñugik-; irrusriàik-. See: irrusiàiit-.
irrusiááautaq n. Holy Spirit, Good Spirit. Syn:ilitqusiàiksuaq; ilitqusriàiksuaq.
irrusiñik- vi. to get inspired, get a notion.
irrusiq (C) n. character, the personality, disposition,
the spirit (the essential nature of a person).
Variant: irrusriq.
irrusriàiit- vi. to have a bad disposition; to be
unpleasant. Syn: iñugiit-; irrusiàiit-. See:
irrusriàik-.
irrusriàik- vi. to have a good disposition; to bepleasant personality (of good character andhonest). Syn: iñugik-; irrusiàik-. See:
irrusriàiit-.
irrusriàiksuaq- vi. to be spiritual, to be a spiritual
person. Syn: agaayyutiqaq-.
irrusriq n. character, the personality, disposition, thespirit (the essential nature of a person). Variant:
irrusiq.
irruti- vt. to treat, to consider, to act toward, to deal
with. Variant: irrutri-.
iruài- vt. to mock someone's behavior and (as aresult) mimic it. (This is considered 'badmanners.' It is said that if a person iruàisomeone, then the person (or his family) will
have the same experience in the future.). See:iruànaq-; irrimik-; irusiq-. Variant: iruq-.
iruànaq n. bulky item (great size, mass or volume).
iruànaq- vi. to mock someone's behavior and (as aresult) mimic it. (This is considered 'badmanners.' It is said that if a person iruàisomeone, then the person (or his family) will
have the same experience in the future.). See:iruài-; iruq-.
irukkaaq- vt. to keep breaking off (of ice or riverbank). Syn: tuvaiyaq-; uit-.
irukkai- vt. to choke someone. Syn: nagguviksraiq-;
nunu-.
irukkallak- vi. to hurt very painfully.
irukkaq- (C) vi. to fall from a high place (e.g.
banks of river). Variant: irupkaq-.
irukkaqtaq- (C) vi. to tumble down. Variant:river). Variant: irukkaq-.

See: katak-. Variant: irukkaqtaq-.

iruq- vi. feel embarrassed about someone's behaviorand (as a result) mimic that behavior. (This isconsidered 'bad manners.' It is said that if aperson iruài- someone, then the person (or his
family will have the same experience in the
future.). Syn: iruànaq-; irrimik-; irusiq-. See:
kanäutchak-; suqpagi-; suqpanaq-. Variant:iruài-.
irusiq- vt. to feel (in general); to be aware, to havesensation. Syn: iññiqi-; iruài-; iruq-; kapya-.
irvia n. the usual place of someone or something.
isa (C) n. molting duck that cannot fly. Variant: isra.
isa- (C) vi. to molt, to shed or cast a bodily covering(e.g. feathers). Variant: isra-.
isaa- (C) vi. to throng; to come inside all at once.
Variant: israa-; tinu-.
isaaàaq- (C) vi. to frequent, to go in and out of ahouse. Variant: israaàaq-.
isaaâhiñaaq- (C) vt. to start to fight, to be ready tofight. Variant: isaksaâhiñaaq-.
isaaq- (C) vt. 1) to stretch out wings. Variant:isivsalaq-; israaq-. 2) to extend arms. Variant:
isak-.
isaaqtaq- (C) vt. to wave one's arms (of human,
usually to call attention of someone far off).
Syn: isaqqiáa-. Variant: israaqtaq-.
isagniq (C) n. fathom. Variant: israäniq.
isagunäa- (C) vi. to continue to do something. See:isaguti-. Variant: isragutäa-.
isaguti- (C) vt. to start, to begin action. See:isagunäa-. Variant: israguti-.
isagvigi- (C) vt. to fight, to hit. Variant: isragvigi-.
isaàulik (C) n. angel. Variant: israàulik.
isaàuq (C) n. wing (of bird). Variant: israàuq.
isaàuttaq n. limb, part of body.
isak- (C) vt. to extend arms and reach for something.
Variant: israk-; israaq-.
isaksaâhiñaaq- vt. to start to fight, to be ready for afight. See: isaaâhiñaaq-.
isaqqiáa- (C) vi. 1) to flap wings (of bird). 2) to wave
one's arms (of human; usually to get someone's
attention from afar). Syn: isaaqtaq-; israaq-.
isauâiq (C) n. fight. Variant: israuâiq.
isautaq (C) n. 1) pole, a pole (for recovering objects
otherwise out of reach, as in deep water).
2) rope, vertical line (used for attaching net to
ice hole). Syn: amuktuun; qimiq. Variant:israutaq.
isavgaq n. young walrus.

90

isavik (C)isuàaqtu- (C)isavik (C) n. July (molting time). See:

iñukkuksaivik. Variant: itchavik; isravik.
isigaat n. phalanges of a hoof, the bones of a hoof.
See: iñugat.
isigagluk- vi. to have smelly feet.
isigagmik- vt. to kick something. Syn: aqi-;
aqsraq-; kikmik-.
isigak n. foot. Isigaiyaqpakkaaäa. My feet got very
cold!
isiàiak- vi. to be hazy (because of distant fire).
isiàiaq n. mouth of a river (entrance to the land).
Variant: isiqsaaàniq; paa.
isiàmiu- vi. to stay indoors. Syn: isiqsima-. Variant:isiàmiuqtuaq-; isiàmiuraaq.
isiàmiuqtuaq- vi. to stay indoors for a while (usuallyby choice). See: isiàmiuraaq-. Variant:isiàmiu-.
isiàmiuraaq- vi. to stay indoors for awhile (usuallyby choice). Variant: isiàmiuqtuaq-; isiàmiu-.
isiàvik n. parka ruff. Syn: siñi.
isiàvikpagaaq n. woman's sunshine ruff of wolf
sewn around wolverine fur. Syn: avatiksrat;
pamiuàvik; tulugauraq. See: siñiksraq.
isik n. the toe skin of a caribou.
isikkaaäa- vi. to have a wounded foot.
isikkaaq- vi. to hurt one's foot.
isiktuuk n. long boots, for winter (made from leg fursof two caribou). Syn: siktuuk.
isiáàatu- vi. to be wise; to be sagacious; to be
judicious; to be at prime age. See: isiáàiqsruqti.
isiáàiqsuq- (C) vt. to give sound advice, to give
direction (older person to younger); to correct
someone's misunderstanding, to warn ofconsequences of bad behavior. Syn: alàaqsruq-.
Variant: isiáàiqsruq-; siáàiqsuq-.
isiáàiqsuqti n. board member. Variant: isiáàiqsruqti.
isiáàiqsruq- vt. to give sound advice, to give
direction (older person to younger); to correct
someone's misunderstanding, to warn ofconsequences of bad behavior. See: isiáàiqsuq-.
isiáàiqsruqti n. board member. See: isiáàatu-.
Variant: isiáàiqsuqti.
isimäaaq- vi. to slope gently (of hills or a line ofhills).
isiänaq n. jade (the mineral nephrite).
isiq n. 1) smoke (of fire). 2) cold fog that comes into
house when the door is opened on a cold day,water vapor that enters the house on a cold day.
Syn: uaàniàruaq.
isiq- vi. to enter; to be smoky.
isiqataaq n. visitor from town. Syn: iglaaq;
qaiqataaqtuaq.
isiqataaq- vi. to come in to visit. Syn:iññiaqataaq-; qaiqataaq-; utlaqattaaq-.

91

isiqsaaàniq n. mouth of a river (entrance to land).
Variant: isiàiaq; paa.

isiqsaàniq n. ocean current flowing toward shore or
toward mouth of river. Syn: tipisaàniq.

isiqsi- vi. to be smoke-filled, to become filled withsmoke.

isiqsiaq n. 1) dried, smoked meat or fish. 2) smokedtanned leather. Syn: amiq. See: iàviaq;
qitummaktaq.
isiqsima- vi. to stay indoors. Syn: isiàmiu-.
isiqsiri n. jailor, jail keeper.
isiqsitaàvik tipraàiksautmik n. altar for incenseburning. Lit: 'place for continually letting burnsomething good smelling'.
isiqsivik n. jailhouse, prison. Variant: isiqtauvik.
isiqsu- vi. to have great fortitude; to bear pain nobly.
Syn: anuqsru-; igáutuq-. Variant: siqsu-.
isiqsruq- vi. to stretch oneself.
isiqtaq n. inmate, prisoner.
isiqtauvik n. jailhouse, prison. Variant: isiqsivik.
isirruàik- vi. to visit often or frequently.
isit- vt. to bite a dog to death (of a pack of dogs).
isiuti- vt. to bring someone inside.
isivàiq- vt. to choose selfishly (look for one's
advantage). Syn: naliaq-; sivàiq-; umiàuq-.
See: nalunaiqsi-; piksraq-. Variant: isivàii-.
isivàiun (C) n. judgment, judicial decision(examination). Syn: atanniuvik;
atanniusriaqaâiq.
isivàiuq- vt. to scrutinize; to check by touching, toinspect critically.
isivàiutigi- vt. to judge; to condemn.
isiviäaaq n. slope (hill, mountain).
isivit- vt. 1) to extend fully; to spread. 2) to unwind(of thread); to flatten, to lay flat. Variant: sivit-.
isivitchuktuaq n. the long narrow end of an animal
trap.
isivluk n. narrow end of bone. Syn: isugluk.
isivruaàvigi- vt. to whisper, to say something
privately. Syn: isivruk-.
isivruàaq n. metal spring, mattress spring.
isivruk- vi. to whisper, to speak softly. Syn:uqauraq-. Variant: sivruk.
isivruk- vt. to whisper, to say something privately.
Syn: isivruaàvigi-. Variant: isivruuraq-.
isivsalaq- vi. to lie stretched out; to be fully extended.
Syn: isaaq-. Variant: isivsallak-.
isu (C) n. end. Variant: isru.
isugluk n. 1) narrow end of bone. 2) end of a loaf ofbread, the "heel" of a loaf. Syn: aqulliq;
isivluk.
isuàaq n. harness rope, rope to harness dogs.
isuàaqtu- (C) vi. to be long (of harness rope).
Variant: isruàaqtu-.

isuit- (C)isuit- (C) vi. 1) to be endless; to be eternal. 2) to beclear, not muddy. Variant: isruit-.
isukâiq n. the farthest thing, the farthest extension ofsomething. Variant: isrukâiq.
isukâit- (C) vi. 1) to reach an end, to come to an end.
Syn: naa-; upaluq-. 2) to die, figuratively: toreach one's end. Variant: isrukâit-.
isukâitchaaq n. completion. Variant: isrukâitchaaq.
isukâitqataq- (C) vi. to be limited. Variant:isrukâitqataq-.
isuksraiáaaq n. eternity.
isuksraiáaaq- vi. to be eternal, to be without end.
Syn: isuit-.
isuma (C) n. the mind. See: siái. Variant: isruma.
isuma- (C) vi. to think, to consider, to exercise
power of reason. Isummatigisugrukkiga. I
thought about it for a long time. Variant:isruma-.
isumaaàun (C) n. sorrow, grief. Variant:isrumaaàun.
isumaaluk- (C) vi. to worry, to be concerned.
Variant: isrumaaluk-.
isumaaluun (C) n. the object of a person's worry.
Variant: isrumaaluun.
isumaaluutigi- (C) vi. to grieve; to worry. Variant:isrumaaluutigi-.
isumaaq- (C) vi. to grieve; to mourn. Variant:isrumaaq-.
isumagiisaaâiq n. conscience. Syn: naààutchaun;qauàrimmaaàiun. Variant: isumagiksuaâiq.
isumagiksuaâiq n. conscience. Syn: naààutchaun;qauàrimmaaàiun. Variant: isumagiisaaâiq.
isumaiáaq (C) n. fool (person without mind).
Variant: isrumaiáaq.
isumakit- vi. to be short-tempered. Variant:isrumakit-.
isumalaaq- (C) vt. to contemplate; to cogitate; toponder. Variant: isrumalaaq-.
isumalluaàiit- vi. to act foolishly; to be unwise.
isumanikit- (C) vi. to be quick-tempered; to act
without thinking. Variant: isrumanikit-.
isumanikãuk- (C) vi. to fret, to be vexed, to worry.
Variant: isrumanikãuk-.
isumanäu- (C) vi. to be bitter, to be resentful, to berancorous. Syn: aqpigi-; aqpiksri-. Variant:isrumanäu-.
isumanäutchauti- (C) vi. to be enraged, to beembittered. Variant: isrumanäutchauti-.
isumatlait- (C) vi. to be inconsiderate, to beheedless; to be ill-mannered. Variant:isrumatlait-.
isumattun (C) n. wisdom. Variant: isrumattun.
isumattuq- vi. to become wise. See: isrumattuq-.
isumatu- (C) vi. to be wise. Variant: isrumatu-.

isrukâitchaaq
isumaturuaq (C) n. wise person. Variant:isrumaturuaq.

isumatuyaaq- (C) vi. to anguish, to be in distress.
Variant: isrumatuyaaq-.

isummaaq- (C) vt. to please, to satisfy someone.
Variant: isrumaaq-.

isummiq- (C) vt. to think, to reason, to formulate athought, to reflect on, to decide. Variant:isrummiq-.
isuäaaàluk n. pomarine jaeger (bird). Stercorarius
pomarinus.
isuäaq n. long-tailed jaeger (bird). Stercorarius
longicaudus.
isuq- (C) vi. to be muddy; to be unclear, to be
opaque. Variant: isruq-.
isra n. molting duck that cannot fly. Variant: isa.
isra- vi. to molt. Variant: isa-.
israa- vi. to throng; to come inside all at once. Syn:saqigrugi-; tatruq-; tinu-. Variant: isaa-.
israaàaq- vi. to frequent, to go in and out of house.
See: isaaàaq-.
israaq- vt. 1) to stretch out wings. Variant:isivsalaq-; isaaq-. 2) to extend arms. Syn:israk-.
israaqtaq- vt. to wave one's arms (of human, usually
to call attention of someone far off). Syn:
isaqqiáa-. Variant: isaaqtaq-.
isragutäa- vi. to continue to do something. Syn:kipiài-. Variant: isagunäa-.
isragvigi- vt. to fight, to hit. Variant: isagvigi-.
israàulik n. angel. Variant: isaàulik.
israàuq n. wing. Variant: isaàuq.
israk- vt. to extend arms and reach for something.
Syn: israaq-. Variant: isak-.
israäniq n. fathom (a unit of length, mainly formarine depths). Variant: isagniq.
israuâiq n. fight. Variant: isauâiq.
israutaq n. 1) pole, a pole (for recovering objects
otherwise out of reach, as in deep water).
2) rope, vertical line (used for attaching net to
ice hole). See: isautaq.
isravik n. July (molting time). Syn: itchavik. See:
iñukkuksaivik. Variant: isavik.
isru n. end. Variant: isu.
isruàaqtu- vi. to be long (of harness rope). Variant:isuàaqtu.
isruit- vi. 1) to be endless; to be eternal. 2) to be clear(not muddy). Syn: isuksraiáaaq-. Variant: isuit.
isrukâiq n. farthest thing, farthest extension ofsomething. Variant: isukâiq.
isrukâit- vt. to reach an end, to come to an end. Syn:kaäiááit-. Variant: isukâit-.
isrukâitchaaq n. completion, end. Variant:isukâitchaaq.

92isrukâitqataq-

itchuakisrukâitqataq- vi. to be limited. Variant:isukâitqataq-.
isruma n. mind. Variant: isuma.
isruma- vi. to think, to consider, to exercise power ofreason. Isrummatigisrugrukkiga. I thought
about it for a long time. Variant: isuma-.
isrumaaàun n. sorrow; grief. Variant: isumaaàun.
isrumaaluk- vi. to worry, to be concerned. Variant:isumaaluk-.
isrumaaluun n. the object of a person's worry.
Variant: isumaaluun.
isrumaaluutigi- vi. to grieve; to worry. See:
isumaaluutigi-.
isrumaaq- vi. to grieve; to mourn. See: isumaaq-.
isrumaiáaq n. fool (person without mind). Variant:isumaiáaq.
isrumakit- vi. to be short-tempered. Variant:isumakit-.
isrumalaaq- vt. to contemplate; to cogitate; toponder. See: isumalaaq-.
isrumanikit- vi. to be quick-tempered, to act without
thinking. Variant: isumanikit-.
isrumanikãuk- vi. to fret, to be vexed, to worry.
Variant: isumanikãuk-.
isrumanäu- vi. to be bitter, to be resentful, to berancorous. Syn: aqpigi-; aqpiksri-. Variant:isumanäu-.
isrumanäutchauti- vi. to be enraged, to beembittered. Variant: isumanäutchauti-.
isrumatlait- vi. to be inconsiderate, to be heedless;to be ill-mannered. Variant: isumatlait-.
isrumattun n. wisdom. Variant: isumattun.
isrumattuq- vi. to become wise. Variant:isumattuq-.
isrumatu- vi. to be wise. Variant: isumatu-.
isrumaturuaq n. wise person. Variant:isumaturuaq.
isrumatuyaaliq- vi. to become worried. See:iâuiááiqsiq-.
isrumatuyaaq- vi. to anguish, to be in distress.
Variant: isumatuyaaq-.
isrummiq- vt. to think, to reason, to formulate athought, to reflect on, to decide. See: isummiq-.
isrummitqi- vi. to repent. Syn: mumik-.
isruq- vi. to be muddy; to be unclear, to be opaque.
Variant: isuq-.
itvi. to exist, to be, to live, to stay.
itauri- vi. 1) to make waves in the form of rings (of astone falling into water). 2) to dive into water(head first); to sink into water.
itcha n. tent cover, made of canvas or six caribou
skins. Syn: itchat.
itcha dem.adv. across there: stationary/specific. Syn:akma; agga. See: ikka; ikani, ikuäa, ikaääa,

93

ikuuna. Variant: ichani, ichuäa, ichakäa,
ichuuna - see charts.
itchaàluk- vi. to rush into a house.
itchakâiqi- vi. to play or to work in dirty place, to be
in a messy place. Iàñiàa itchakâiqiruq
kuurgum siñaani. My son plays in the dirt by
the river's edge. See: ikkakâiqi-.
itchaksralik n. wall tent (12' by 14'). Lit: 'provided
with six [panels]'.
itchaksrat n. six.
itchaksriàñiq n. Saturday.
itchalik n. frame for a winter skin tent. Syn:qanaich. See: qaluuàviich.
itchaäa- vi. to be messy, to be careless, to be sloppy.
Variant: ikkaäa-(C).
itchapak (C) adv. long ago.
itchaqtuaq- vi. to stay, to be with.
itcharaq- vt. to cover frame.
itchat n. tent cover, usually made of six caribou
skins. Syn: itcha.
itchauraq n. fat around intestines of ruminants;
visceral fat. Variant: itchauraaq.
itchavik n. July (molting time). Syn: iñukkuksaivik.
Variant: isavik; isravik.
itchiala n. the sight on a gun.
itchiala- vi. to smoke (of fire), to emit smoke.
itchialaruaq n. thick smoke. Syn: itchiq ; isiq.
itchiq (C) n. smoke (of fire). Variant: isiq.
itchiqsit- vt. to smoke, to preserve by smoking; tofumigate: to subject to smoke in order toexterminate.
itchua dem.pron. those over there (plural). See: iñña,
itchuak. Variant: itkua (C).
itchunani located at those over there (locative).
itchunuäa toward those over there (terminalis).
itchunakäa from those over there (ablative).
itchunuuna through those over there (vialis).
itchunatun like those over there (similaris).
itchuniäa those over there, with those over there(modalis).
itchuak dem.pron. those two over there (dual). See:iñña, itchua. Variant: itkuak.
itchuänaäni located at those two over there(locative).
itchuänuäa toward those two over there(terminalis).
itchuänakäa from those two over there(ablative).
itchuänuuna through those two over there(vialis).
itchuänaktun like those two over there(similaris).
itchuäniäa those two over there, with those twoover there (modalis).

itchuaäavik
itchuaäavik n. peephole, hole in the ice to allow

checking one's net for fish.
itchuaq- vt. to peek, to peep furtively.
itchuàvik n. hunter's blind or hiding place; corral.
Syn: naàrugvik. See: itchuq-; kaäiàaq.
itchuk n. corner of a square frame.
itchuq- vi. to go outside.
itchuq- vt. to await prey, to wait quietly for prey(behind a blind). Syn: iäiuq-. See: itchuàvik;mitchiuq-; utaqqi-.
itchuqtaaq- vi. to go outside to urinate (at bedtime
or after awakening).
iti- vi. to be deep. Syn: alliq-; atliq-.
itigai- vt. to neglect; to fail to accomplish something,to get results that were not expected. See:
itigaq-.
itigaq- vt. to neglect; to fail to accomplish something;to get unexpected result. Syn: suunàiq-.
Variant: itigai-.
itigauti- vt. to disappoint: to fail to satisfy.
itiàiaq n. weasel: ermine.
itiàiaq- vi. to wake up early. Variant: itiànagiaq-.
itiànagiaq- vi. to wake up early. Variant: itiàiaq-.
itiàruk n. 1) nock, small groove on the end of anarrow or at either end of a bow for the string.
2) cartridge (ammunition).
itiàrukpak n. empty shell of ammunition, empty
cartridge.
itiàrulik n. heart, at cards.
itiàuq n. 1) sour urine. 2) ammonia.
itiàuqsuänit- vt. to emit odor (of urine), to smell
like urine. See: iáusruäniáiq-; tipituq-.
itik- vi. to have diarrhea. See: itiksi-. Variant:itiktaq-.
itikpalugiaq- vi. to spurt out very soft stool. See:
itik-. Variant: itiksraluaq-.
itiksi- vi. to turn into diarrhea (result of gastrointestinal distress). See: itik-.
itiksraluaq- vt. to spurt out very soft stool. See:
itikpalugiaq-.
itilaaàiik- vi. to be unevenly deep.
itillak- vi. to awake instantly, to wake up fully alert.
Putu itillaktuq. Putu woke up and was
instantly awake. Syn: iqiiááak-. Variant:itillaktiq-.
itinàit- vi. 1) to be not awake yet. 2) to die in one's
sleep. Variant: itiäit-.
itiäit- vi. 1) to be not awake yet. 2) to die in one's
sleep. Variant: itinàit-.
itiq n. anus.
itiq- vi. to wake up.
itiqsaq- vt. to rouse, to awake a person from slumber.
itiqsiñiq n. the vulnerable spot on mammals between
head and body where mammal can be killeditkuak (C)with a direct hit.

itiqsiq- vt. to wait for someone to wake up.
itiqsiun n. enema equipment. Syn: anaqtitaun;
immiàaun.

itiqsranauralik n. face with a dimple.
itiqsraniq n. dimple, small natural indentation inhuman flesh.

itiqsraq n. ditch; a low spot in ground where fresh

fish are put for storage. Syn: iáunaaq; iáuqsraq.
See: iminäaniq. Variant: itiqsrauraq.
itiqsri- vt. to dig a ditch.
itiqtuq- vi. to stay long time.
itiquuraq n. 1) little finger; a pinkie. 2) string figure.
Syn: ayakhaaq. 3) point of impact, place wherea stone has sunk into the water.
itiquutri- vt. to sink something, to cause something
to sink immediately into water without
splashing. Syn: kivit-.
itisiñaitchuaq n. abyss. Lit: 'depth can't bemeasured'.
ititilaaàun n. depth finder; a device to measure
depth of water (made from a rope with a rock at
the end); a sounding line.
ititilaaq- vt. to measure depth.
itivit- vt. to portage: to cross over land, to traverse.
Syn: itivliq-; pituàaq-; timaut-.
itivli- vi. to act unconsciously while asleep, tosleepwalk; to somnambulate.
itivliq n. portage, transit route; pass (throughmountains). Syn: aaàirrak; itivyaaq;
timauksraq. See: naqsraq.
itivliq- vt. to portage, to transit; to traverse, to passthrough mountains. Variant: itivit-; itivyaaq-;
naqsraq-.
itivyaaq n. portage, transit route; pass (throughmountains). Syn: aaàirrak; itivliq;
timauksraq. See: naqsraq.
itivyaaq- vt. to portage, to transit over; to passthrough mountain. Syn: naqsraq-. Variant:itivliq-.
itiya- vi. to wake easily; to sleep lightly.
itiyaiyaq n. dinosaur.
itkiq n. gums (in the mouth). Variant: ikkiq.
itkua (C) dem.pron. those over there (plural). See:iñña, itkuak. Variant: itchua.
itkunani located at those over there (locative).
itkunuäa toward those over there (terminalis).
itkunakäa from those over there (ablative).
itkunuuna through those over there (vialis).
itkunatun like those over there (similaris).
itkuniäa those over there, with those over there(modalis).
itkuak (C) dem.pron. those two over there (dual).
See: iñña, itkua. Variant: itchuak.

94

itlu

itrait-itkuänaäni located at those two over there

to remember'. See: itqaài-; itqaq-.

itqaqtit- vt. to remind, to cause to remember. Putum(locative).

itkuänuäa toward those two over there(terminalis).

itkuänakäa from those two over there(ablative).

itkuänuuna through those two over there(vialis).

itkuänaktun like those two over there (similaris).
itkuäniäa those two over there, with those twoover there (modalis).

itlu n. sling. Variant: itluutik.
itlut- vt. to hit with a slingshot. See: itluuk; illuun;
itluuq-. Variant: illut-.

itluuq- to hit with a slingshot.
itlutchaq- vt. to release a stone (from a sling). See:iksauti-.

itluun n. stone for flinging with slingshot. Variant:illuun; itlusaun.

itluutik n. slingshot (a Y-shaped stick having anelastic strap attached to the prongs, used forflinging small stones). Variant: illuutik.
itna adv. like this; thus, in this manner.
Tusaamarusi itna uqaqsimaruamik. You
have heard what has been said such... Variant:taatna.
itnalilaa adv. almost like it.
itnami adv. at this present time, at this moment.
itnamun adv. this is how, in this manner.
itnaq- vi. to say thus, to do thus, to do something inthis manner. Nalaunäava itnaàuma? Is it rightif I say it this way? See: itna.
itnaqtiq n. such kind, this kind. Variant: itnasiq.
itnasiq (C) n. such kind, this kind. Variant:itnaqtiq.
itäik n. sharp point. Variant: iñäik; iääik.
itäik- vt. to sharpen a pencil, to sharpen to a point.
Syn: ipiksaq-; siái-. Variant: iñäik-; iääik-.
itqaài- vt. to remember something. See: itqaqsaq-.
Variant: itqaq-.
itqakkun n. memento; a reminder, aid to remember
something; a token. Variant: itqakkutauruaq.
itqakkutauruaq n. memento; a reminder, aid toremember something; a token. Variant:
itqakkun.
itqakkutim isaàulgum apqusaakkauâhagun n.
Passover feast (to remember the angel's passingover). Syn: itqauttutim annautrauâhatigun
Israel-lat.
itqanaiq- vi. to be ready for action. Syn:piãhiñaaàuq-.
itqanaiyaq- vt. to prepare, to get ready.
itqaq- vt. to remember something. See: itqaài-.
itqaqsaq- vt. to commemorate. Lit: 'to make an effort

95

itqaqtilgiññiàaa imña atuumaruaq. Putu wasreminded of what had happened some time
before. See: itqaq-.
itqatau- vi. to be part of a group. Syn: iáau-.
itqauma- vi. to ponder; to muse; to keep in mind.
itqauttutim annautrauâhatigun Israel-latn.
Passover feast (to remember the rescuing of theIsraelites). Syn: itqakkutim isaàulgum
apqusaakkauâhagun.
itqiáiq n. Indian (native of North America).
itqiq n. louse egg.
itqu- vt. to invite; to attract someone's attention, tosummon. Syn: aiyugaaq-; qanniuq-;
tukkiqsuq-; tuyuàmiaqsaq-; yuàaisuq-.
Variant: itqusraaq-.
itquànaiáaaq n. sly person, a person adept in craft
and cunning. Lit: 'a person who is not easily
cornered'.
itquànait- vi. to lie, to falsify. Syn: saglu-. Variant:itquqnait-.
itquma- vi. to awake: to become alert, to wake up.
Putu itqumaruq siqiññaaàikman. Putu isawake (now) because the sun is shining.
itquäa- vi. to brood, to incubate, to hatch, to sit on
eggs. Variant: itquq-.
itquq- vt. to brood; to incubate; to hatch. See:
itquäa-.
itquqnait- 1) vt. to lie, to falsify. Syn: saglu-.
Variant: itquànait-. 2) to deny, to contradict, towithhold (information). Syn: aääigi-; piiáaaq-;
suiáauri-.
itqurri- vt. to take someone; to bring in; to carryalong. See: itquti-; itqutri-.
itqusiq (C) n. admission charge. See: itqun. Variant:itqusriq.
itqusraaq- vt. to compel someone to stay; to tempt
to stay. See: itqu-.
itqusriq n. admission charge. See: itqun. Variant:itqusiq.
itqutchiq- vt. to eat breakfast.
itqutchiuq- vt. to cook breakfast.
itquti- vt. to take somebody; to bring in; to carryalong. Variant: itqutri-; itqurri -.
itqutri- vt. to take someone; to bring in; to carryalong. Iáaäitñik aäutinik itqutriñiqsut
sagluuqtuaqtuksranik ilaagun. Some of themen brought up false witnesses against him.
Variant: itquti-; itqurri-.
itquttaq n. breakfast.
itraiq- vi. to become mild, to become moderate
weather (having been cold). Variant: irraiq-.
itrait- vi. to be mild, to be temperate (of weather).

itriivrauttuqVariant: irrait-.

Syn: nuvi-. Variant: ivalu-.

itri n. cold weather; frigid weather. Variant: irri.
itriliq- vi. to be very cold (of weather); to be frigid.

ivalu n. 1) thread. See: ivalupiaq. 2) dental floss.
ivalu- vt. to thread a needle or a sewing machine.

itriäuq- vi. to become icy cold; to become frigid.

ivaluksraq n. commercial thread.
ivaluliñiq n. 1) large back muscle. Syn: uliusiñiq.

Variant: irriliq-.

Variant: irriäuq-.

itrisriun n. thermometer (for weather). Variant:

irrisiun.
ittaàluk- vi. to wake up sick (fever or flue); to wakeup in a bad mood. See: itiq-.
ittuaàuraaâiq n. idleness, inactivity.
ittuaàuraanàiãiq n. activity.
ittuanàit- vi. to be busy, to go about one's daily
business. Variant: ittuaäait-.
ittuaäait- vi. to be busy, to go about one's daily
business. See: ittuaq-.
ittuaq- vi. to be idle, to be still, to sit quietly. Putu
taatna ittuaqtuq. So Putu remained still. See:
ittuanàit-; ittuaäait-.
ittuaqausriit- vi. to restless: keep moving aroundfrom place to place; to have a strong impulse totravel. See: kukiáuk-.
ittugluuraq n. 1) kerosene lamp. Syn: akiyaqataq;
naniàuaq; nanipiaq. 2) primer stove, pressure
stove (fueled by white gas). Syn: siuàruk.
ittuàniq n. durable item, something that lasts long.
ittuiñaq- vi. to stay in a place for a long time.
ittuk- vi. to make a small, continuous sound.
Variant: ittugluk-.
ittukpalik n. 1) whipped dessert (made of fish eggs,
cranberries and sugar). 2) the color pink.
ittuktuuq n. 1) spruce grouse. canachites canadensis.
2) rumbling noise. See: iñuksruäniq; nipitu;uàiaàuulaniq.
ittutit- vi. to make one big, loud noise: a bang.
ittuummi- vi. to be tardy, to linger (although it's
time to leave).
iva- vi. 1) to bear a litter, to whelp (dogs or wolves);
whelp, to ~ ; bear, to ~ a litter. 2) to brood (of abird), to lay eggs and sit on them, to incubate.
ivaaq n. whelp; a young of an animal. Syn: piayaaq.
ivaàianaq- vt. to miss a tool (when lost or when notusing it). See: ivvaàlua-.
ivaàiatchi- vt. to miss a person who used to help
often but has left. Syn: iñuiáaàuti-;
kiñuviannak-; piitchi-; urgiasruk-.
ivaàlua- vt. to overlook an object that one is looking
for. Syn: suliqutiginàit-; tautuiñaq-; uniuq-.
ivaàun n. frame on which a pelt is stretched to dry.
See: ivaq-.
ivalik- vi. to flail; to swing arms back and forth while
walking. Variant: ivaâuaq-.
ivalliàvik n. bobbin (in a sewing machine).
ivalliq- vt. to thread a needle or a sewing machine.

Syn: nuvi-. Variant: ivalliq-.

See: kiglasuiññaq. 2) medallion (a circular,boneless cut of meat): meat taken from a backmuscle. Syn: uliusiñiq.
ivalupiaq n. sinew (dried, for making thread). Syn:piáiàaalik. See: ivalu.
ivaluuraak n. trapezius, muscles at nape of neck(either of two large, flat, triangular muscles
running from the base of the occiput to the
middle of the back that support and make itpossible to raise the head and shoulders). Syn:kiglasuiññaq.
ivaâuaq- vi. to flail; to swing arms back and forth
while walking. Variant: ivalik-.
ivaq- vt. 1) to look for; to search. Syn: nasriqsruq-;
pakak-; qiñaa-; qiñiàniaq-; umiq-. Variant:ivaqâiq-. 2) to stretch out animal a hide or pelt
on a frame for drying. Syn: iññiaq-; pauk-.
See: ivaàun; qiluqqit-; tasiksruq-.
ivayaq- vt. 1) to defraud: to talk insincerely or
misleadingly in order to trick a person into
giving up something valuable. 2) to takeadvantage of a person by underpaying for an
item. Variant: ivayaqtuq-. 3) to take anecessary part from, to take something essential
from.
ivgich n. grass [mass noun].
ivgun n. towel; a napkin.
ivigaurat n. fresh green grass.
ivigruat n. 1) dead grass. 2) tall grass.
ivik n. blade of grass, grass. Variant: ivigaaq.
ivik- vt. to wipe one's hand with a cloth, as after
eating.
iviáuq n. 1) shellfish: clam; mussel. Variant: uviáuq.
2) snail.
iviq- vi. to fit: to be proper in size and shape.
iviqtit- vt. 1) to cause be proper size; to make fit. 2) tomeasure for proper size.
iviqtitaàaat n. jigsaw puzzle.
ivisaaq n. ocher: a red stone [mineral oxide of iron]used to stain wood or hide (especially wolverinehide).
iváaulik n. pregnant animal. Syn: iáummiáik.
iváauq n. fetus of an animal. Syn: iáummiq;
iáummiutaq.
iváuäa- vi. to be bow-legged. Syn: iqãiäa-.
ivraàun n. dog muzzle. Syn: siyyuàun. See:umilàuq.
ivrauttuq- vi. to be unable to catch breath when96

ivrulikkaimàuaàvik (C)swimming or when walking into the wind. See:ivyanäu-.
ivrulik n. sod house.
ivruq n. sod for house building; moss.
ivruqsiñ n. pick (tool). Syn: nunniqqun; piksrun.
ivsa n. juice (of meat, fruit, etc.).
ivsaiàutipkaq- (C) vi. to become icebound (of aboat).
ivsak- (C) vi. to become moist. See: ivsuligaq-.
ivsaq (C) n. saliva. Syn: innuq.
ivsuligaq- vi. to become wet (by walking through wet
plants). See: ivsak-. Variant: ipsuligaq-;
ipsulik-.
ivsulik- (C) vi. to be wet from moisture on plants.
Variant: ipsulik-.
ivu- vi. to compress, to form a pressure ridge in ice.
ivuaqpaluk- vi. to make the sound of crushing ice(when forming a pressure ridges). Syn:ivuvaaluk-; suvaluk-.
ivugaq n. pintail duck. Anas acuta.
ivugasrugruk n. mallard duck, common mallard.
Anas platyrhynchos.
ivukutaq- vi. to flap rapidly in the wind.
ivuluk- vt. to flap.
ivuniq n. 1) pressure ridge in ice. See: ivu-.
2) iceberg. Syn: puktaaq; puptaaq.
ivuvaaluk- vi. to emit the sound of crashing ice (atbreak-up), to crash (of colliding ice). Syn:ivuaqpaluk-; suvaluk-. Variant: ivu-.
ivvaàlua- vt. to overlook an object that one is looking
for. See: ivaàianaq-.
ivvaq- vi. to bathe, to take a bath. Syn: kiñitchiq-.
Variant: uvvaq-.
ivvaqtuàvik n. bath tub. Syn: iààuàvik.
ivyanäu- (C) vi. to be short of breath. See:
ivrauttuq-. Variant: ipya-.
ivyanäunaq- (C) vi. to be stuffy, to lack sufficientventilation. Variant: ipyanaq-.

ivyanäuqtuq- (C) vi. to struggle for breath(because something is covering the face, or
because of asthma). See: ivrauttuq-. Variant:ipyanäuqtuq-.
iyaalugrualik n. person with child or children.
Variant: iáaalugrualik.
iyaalugruaq n. child. Variant: iáaalugruaq.
iyaalugruuq- vt. to calm a child, to still a child.
Variant: iáaalugruuq-.
iyaaä voc. expression common of old or elderly
people speaking to younger people, equivalent
to 'my dear'.
iyaàaàuqtuaq n. petrified log; a fossilized item. Syn:iäiáàaaqnisaq.
iyaàak n. stone, rock.
iyaàaksaq- vt. to fetch rocks, to collect stones.
iyaàalik n. prune. Lit: 'with stone'. Syn: asiaq
saunaalik; asriaq saunaalik.
iyaàaâhaq n. knife sheath.
iyaàauraaq n. 1) gravel. 2) rocky beach; a pebbled
beach.
iyalulasaaq n. whirlwind. Syn: tuunàaurisaaq;
uyalulaq.
iyamaaqâuk n. boiled half-dried fish or meat, stored
in seal oil. See: panigruktat. Variant:igamaaqâuk.
iyamaaqâuksraq n. half-dried fish or meat, notboiled or eaten yet. Variant: igamaaqâuksraq.
iyaq- vi. to build up gravel in an area that was once
free of rocks or gravel.
iyaqqi- vt. to have a gall stone.
iyaqqiqsaq- vi. to be covered with rocks or gravel(for house building).
iyaqqit- vi. to run aground, to hit rocks whentraveling with a boat.
iyyaàri (C) n. black bear. Variant: iyyaàriq.
iyyaàriq n. black bear. See: iyyaàri.

K - kkaak- vi. to be hungry. Syn: mialuk-; niàisuk-. See:kakkaaq-. Variant: kaaliq-.
kaaksiu- vi. to suffer from hunger, to suffer fromprolonged lack of food. Syn: kakkaaq-.
kaaliq- vi. to become hungry. See: kaak-.
kaamasraaq- vi. to be cheerful, to be buoyantly
joyful. Syn: quviatchaksaaàaq-.
kaaänaq n. famine. Syn: niàisuänaq.
kaat- vt. to cut; to split (a walrus skin into two layer
for a boat cover). Syn: avik-. Variant: kaatchi-.
kaat- vi. to be separated (of people), to be split (intolayers).

97

kaatchi- vt. to cut; to split (split walrus skin into twolayers for boat cover). Variant: kaat-.

kaatlaiáaak- vi. to be inseparable (of people who
cannot be separated).

kaattaq- vt. to play cards; to gamble with cards.
kaattiq- (C) vt. to cut blocks of hard-packed snowfor house building.

kaavilliuàun (C) n. 1) coffee maker. 2) carafe,
coffee pot.

kaigauraq n. 1) shirt (with sleeves). 2) woman's
sleevless blouse. See: asiiáaq.

kaimàuaàvik (C) n. sled handlebar. Variant:kaimàuaq- (C)kaiváuutaq.

kaimàuaq- (C) vt. to push a sled (while holding

onto the handlebar). See: kaiváuaq-.
kaimiktit- (C) vi. 1) to work overtime, to dosomething longer than one had planned to. 2) tobe connected to something, to be fitted. Variant:kaipiktit-.
kaimit- vt. 1) to push off (to water). Syn: ayak-.
2) to cover oneself and another person, to go to
bed under one blanket together with anotherperson.
kaimäuàaq- (C) vt. to push a heavy sled. See:kaiváuk-.
kaipik- vt. to fit together, making edges overlap. See:
kaipiktit-.
kaipiksimaaq- vi. to stand or sit with one's arms
crossed.
kaipiktit- vi. 1) to work overtime, to do something
longer than one had planned to. 2) to beconnected to something, to be fitted. See:
kaipik-. Variant: kaimiktit-.
kaippaq n. joint (especially of pieces of wood).
kaipqaq- vi. to be constant, to be persistent; to beperpetual.
kaipsaaq n. spinning top (toy). Variant: kaivsarraq.
kaisrik n. shoulder blade. See: aaàiak. Variant:kiasrik.
kaivaaàni- vi. to sit in a circle (used in plural). See:
kaivraaqtit-.
kaivaaäa- vi. to be dizzy, to feel things spinning.
See: kaivraanäu-.
kaivaàniq n. circle. See: kaivraàniq.
kaivaluisaaq- (C) vt. to circle something (walkaround). See: kaivluksaaq-.
kaivit- vi. to revolve, to spin, to go around.
kaivluksaaq- vt. to circle something (walk around).
Variant: kaivaluisaaq-.
kaiváuaq- vt. to push a sled (while holding on tohandlebar). See: kaimàuaq-.
kaiváuk- vt. to push a heavy sled. See: kaimäuàaq-.
kaiváuq- vt. 1) to plug something, to prevent theflow of a liquid through a hole. 2) stuff s.t., tostuff something (e.g. sack, bag). Variant:kaiváui-.
kaiváuun n. stanchion (of sled).
kaiváuutaq n. sled handlebar. See: kaimàuaàvik.
kaivraanäu- vi. to be dizzy, to feel things spinning.
Variant: kaivaaäa-.
kaivraaq- vt. to circle something; to go around in acircle. Putum kaivraaàaa tupini Putu wentaround his house See: iivraluak-.
kaivraaqsaaq- vi. to round a bend. Putum
kaivraaqsaaàaa qikiqtaq. Putu (left to) goaround the island. Syn: iivaqsaaq-.

kakitáaànaq
kaivraaqtit- vi. to sit in a circle (used in plural).
Variant: kaivaaàni-.

kaivraàniq n. circle. Variant: kaivaàniq.
kaivraàun n. ring; a brim.
kaivraàusriq- vt. to surround, to encircle.
kaivraàutiqaq- vi. to be surrounded, to be encircled,
to be encompassed.

kaivraluk- vi. to revolve; to spin; to turn around.

Qipmiq kaivraluktuq pituämiñi. The dog
turns around on chain (post). Talu
kaivralugaaqtuq. The door is revolving. Syn:iivraluktaq-.
kaivraluktit- vt. to spin, to set in revolving motion.
Putum kaivraluktitkaa aqsraaq tikiàmiñi.
Putu makes the ball spin on his index finger.
Syn: iivraluktit-.
kaivraqtaq n. round, flat, straw hat.
kaivsarraq (C) n. spinning top (toy). See:
kaipsaaq.
kakaaq- vt. to carry a toddler on shoulders and holdits hands. Putum iàñiäa kakaaàaàaa. Putu
carries his son always on his shoulders.
kakavyak- vi. to experience a blackout frombreathing fumes in an unventilated place, tobecome dizzy from breathing fumes.
kakavyaänaqtuaq n. sulfur (the chemical). Syn:
mamaiáiaq.
kaki n. prick (sharp or pointed object, such as a goador a thorn).
kaki- vt. to pierce, to prick. Syn: kapi-.
kakiak- vt. to impale on a spit (for roasting meat overopen spit [fire]). See: argiq-; qauri-.
kakiaq n. forked hook at the end of a fish spear. Syn:kakiraq. See: kakiuraq.
kakiaqâiàaun n. whip.
kakigauraq n. hairpin; straight pin.
kakiááaànaq (C) n. 1) sculpin (any of a family of
spiny large-headed broad-mouthed often scaleless bony fishes); bullhead fish. Oncocottus
quadricornis. Syn: kanayuq. 2) thorn of a plant,such as a rose. Syn: kakiááasak. Variant:kakitáaànaq.
kakiááasak n. 1) tiny, thorny fish, stickleback.
Gastorosteus aculeatus. 2) thorn of a plant, suchas a rose. Syn: kakitáaànaq. Variant:kakitáasak.
kakiñiq n. tattoo. Syn: iqiàun; tupik.
kakiraq n. forked hook at the end of a fish spear. Syn:kakiaq.
kakitáaànalik n. thistle. Lit: 'provided with thorns'.
kakitáaànaq n. 1) sculpin (any of a family of spiny
large-headed broad-mouthed often scale-lessbony fishes); bullhead fish. Oncocottus
quadricornis. Syn: kanayuq. 2) thorn of a plant,98

kakitáasak

kamanaq-such as a rose. Syn: kakitáasak. Variant:kakiááaànaq.
kakitáasak n. 1) tiny, thorny fish, stickleback.
Gastorosteus aculeatus. 2) thorn of a plant, suchas a rose. Syn: kakitáaànaq. Variant:kakiááasak.
kakitáauri- vi. to feel "pins and needles" in one's
limbs, to experience paresthesia (a skinsensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or
tingling, with no apparent physical cause).
Variant: kakiááauri- (C).
kakitáuänaq n. wild rose. rosa acicularis.
kakiuraq n. fork. See: kakiaq.
kakiutaq n. staple; a safety pin. See: kakkiñ.
kakivruutaq n. side pain (when running), side"stitches". Variant: atniuttaq.
kakivruutchiq- vi. to experience pain on the side of
one's body, "side stitches" (when running). Syn:anniutchiqsiq-.
kakkaaq- vi. to starve to death (to suffer or die fromextreme or prolonged lack of food). Syn: ii-;
iipak-; iisaq-; kaaksiu-.
kakkaaqsaq- vt. to envy someone eating, while
unable to partake. Syn: iisaq-, niàisuk-.
kakkiaq (C) n. bolt of fabric. Syn: imuaq. See:nukiãhaaq.
kakkiiyaun n. handkerchief.
kakkik n. mucus from the nose. Syn: nuvak.
kakkiksuq- vi. to blow one's nose.
kakkiái- vi. to have a runny nose. See: nuvaksi-.
kakkiñ n. safety pin; a staple. Variant: kakiutaq.
kakkitvik n. pincushion.
kakkiviaq n. groove between upper lip and nose: thephiltrum (anatomy).
kala- vt. to color, to impart color to or change thecolor of. Variant: kalauraaq-.
kalalliaq n. king (playing cards).
kalgutaq n. tow rope; a hitch. Variant: kalgun.
kaliikaq n. paper.
kalik- vt. to tow, to pull, to drag, to haul (to exert
force so as to move something toward the sourceof the force). Syn: amu-; nuqimik-; nuqit-;
nuqitchi-; qamuk-; qakit-; uniaq-. Variant:kalit-.
kaligaq- to keep dragging something.
kalikâuk- vt. to drag carelessly, roughly. Variant:kaliukâuk-.
kalikâuu- vi. to be careless.
kaliksiq- vi. to be dragged, to be towed.
kaliku n. a coarse, brightly printed cloth: calico. Syn:nukiãhaaq; ukiãhaaq. See: immuaq.
kalikuàruaq n. tarpaulin: waterproof canvas. Syn:akivik; quliàun; sigraaq.
kalimñiq n. chain.

99

kalipqit- vi. to become fixed or embedded in place,

to be lodged, to be stuck. Syn: kalivit-; kalvit-;
kalivsiq-; kapputi-.
kalipsik- vi. to be obscure; to be profound.
kalipsiksuaq n. mystery (something that is not fully
understood or that baffles or eludes theunderstanding). Syn: nalunaqtuaq. See:
atlayuaài-; suquasiksrait-.
kalit- vt. to tow, to pull, to drag, to haul (to exert force
so as to move something toward the source ofthe force). Variant: kalik-; nuqitchi-.
kaliukâuk- vt. to drag carelessly. Variant: kalikâuk-.
kaliviqtaaq n. game of jump rope. Syn:kaliviqtaun.
kaliviqtaq- vt. to use a jump rope (held by two
people).
kaliviqtaun n. game of jump rope. Syn:kaliviqtaaq.
kalivit- vi. to be stranded; to run out of supplies. Syn:kalipqit-; niqaiq-; paluq-. See: nuäu-.
Variant: kalvit-.
kalivsiq- vi. to become fixed or embedded in place,
to be lodged, to be stuck, to be caught insomething. Variant: kalipqit-.
kalukaq n. four-sided hanging box drum. Syn:kaluutaq.
kaluq- vt. to take along with oneself. See: aullauti-;
igliàuti-; taputi-.
kaluutaq n. four-sided hanging box drum. Syn:kalukaq.
kamagi- vt. to obey, to honor. Variant: kamaksri-.
kamagikkau- vi. to be honored ; to be respected.
kamagiâiq n. haughtiness.
kamagiraksriun n. obligation. Variant:kamagiraksriurrun.
kamagiviksrauâiq n. homage; place of honor.
kamaiáaq n. undisciplined person; a person who
doesn't obey.
kamakkun n. honor.
kamakkuti- vt. to respect, to honor, to obey
someone. Variant: kamakkutri-.
kamaksri- vt. honor ; obey; to honor; to obey. Syn:
kamakkuti-. Variant: kamagi-.
kamaksriãiq n. obedience.
kamaksriñàiãiq n. disobedience.
kamaksruq- vt. to glorify, to make great: to exalt.
kamalaurak n. man's short fancy dress boots. Syn:atikuluk; qulaaàun.
kamanaàasruk- vi. to be proud, to be haughty(thinking oneself respectable), to be arrogant.
See: kamanaq-; kamanau-.
kamanaàniaâiq n. pride, vain glory. Lit: 'trying to
be great'.
kamanaq- vi. honorable, respectable, creditable.

kamanaukamanaàniqsraq greatest, most respected
person.

kamanaiññiqsraq least important person, least

respected person.
kamanau- vi. to be great, to be honored, to be
awesome.
kamanaun n. greatness, glory. Syn: qukiñaun.
kamanausruk- vi. to be proud, to be arrogant(wanting to be great). Syn: aaäit-;kamanniuraaq-; kamasraaq-.
kamanausruâiq n. ambition, desire to be honored.
See: kamanausruk-.
kamanniuq- vi. to marvel, to be amazed. Syn:
aliuq-.
kamanniuraaq- vi. to vaunt (implies an air ofinsolent superiority); to be haughty. See: aaäit-;kamanausruk-; kamasraaq-.
kamaqsruq- vt. to celebrate someone.
kamasraaq- vt. to boast, to talk in a self-admiringway. Syn: aaäit-; kamanausruk-;
kamanniuraaq-. See: pigi-. Variant:kamasaaq-.
kamasruk- vt. to respect someone, to feel or show
deferential regard for someone. Variant:kamasuk-.
kamatchak- vi. to be impressed, to feel sudden awe
for another person's ability or generosity.
kamigruak n. long, waist-high waterproof boots(waders). Syn: imaàniqqun; ipialik; kivluaq;
mamilik; piñiàaq; qaqâik; ulitchuiáaq.
kamik n. boot (hand-made of fur). Putu
kamäitchuq. Putu is without boots.
kamikâugruak n. snow pants.
kamikâuuk n. pants, trousers.
kamiáaaq- vi. to be barefoot. See: atnuàait-.
kaminik- vi. to buy boots; to own boots.
kammi- vt. to make boots. See: kammiuq-.
kammiaq n. boot (finished product). Variant:kamiliaq.
kammiuq- vt. to repair boots. See: kammi-.
kamäiq- vt. to remove one's boots.
kamäit- vi. to lack boots; have no boots to wear.
kanaakkit- vi. to be short-legged.
kanaakkiu- vi. to dance (White man's style). Syn:aääuaq-.
kanaakkiuvik n. dance hall.
kanaaq n. tibia; shinbone. Syn: kanagaq; qiäaaq.
kanaaqtu- vi. 1) to be long-legged (of people). 2) to
be too long (of pants).
kanagaq n. shinbone; shank; tibia; lower leg. Syn:kanaaq; qiäaaq.
kanagaqsimaaq- vi. to sit on floor with knees raised
and feet flat on floor.
kanak n. inseam, inner leg, length of leg from crotch

kaniqto heel.

kanaknaq n. northwest wind; wind from downriver;wind from the ocean. Variant: kanagnaq (C).

kanakniq- vi. to blow (wind) from northwest or
downriver. Variant: kanagniq- (C).

kanakäa dem.adv. from down there. See: kanna.
Variant: kanaääa.

kanakäaq- vi. to come from down there.
kanakäauti- vt. to bring from down there (focus:goal).

kanani dem.adv. located down there, locateddownriver (visible). See: kanna.

kananiaäagun through the general area down
there (vialis).

kananiaäani located in the general area down
there (locative).

kananiaäaniñ from the general area down there(ablative).

kananiaäanun toward the general area down
there (terminalis).

kanaääa (C) dem.adv. from down there. See: kanna.
Variant: kanakäa.

kanaääaq- vi. to come from down there.
kanaääauti- vt. to bring from down there (focus:goal).

kanasruänaq n. calf (the fleshy, muscular back partof the human leg between the knee and ankle).
See: siääiq.
kanayuq n. bullhead, sculpin. Oncocottus
quadricornis. Syn: kakitáaànaq.
kanayuuraq n. robin (bird). Turdus migratorius.
kanàaala- vt. to scatter something dry (e.g. seeds),
to drop. Syn: kanàaqsruq-; siamit-; siapsi-;siqiááak-. Variant: kanàala-.
kanàakuq n. crumbs, bits of food. Variant:kanàalluk; kanàaniq.
kanàakuq- vt. to drop crumbs, to drop bits of food.
Syn: kanàaluk-.
kanàala- vi. 1) to drop little crumbs of food(crackers, bread, etc), to crumble crackers.
Variant: kanàaala-. 2) to shed (hair). See:kanàala, kanàalaq. 3) to snow very softly.
kanàaq- vi. to trickle from a container with nonliquid; to leak out. Variant: kanàai-.
kanàaqsruq- vt. to scatter seeds, to sow seeds (forgrowing). Variant: kanàaqsrui-.
kanàuraq n. light and spotty frost.
kaniàaaàruk n. frost, rime.
kaniàaaàruk- vi. to be covered with a light frost in
early autumn.
kaniàruaq n. frost on face, tree, etc.
kaniq n. frost. Syn: manuàlu.
kaniq- vi. to become covered with frost (trees inautumn, ruff on hood in winter). See:100kanivaala-kaäimuk-

manuàluli-.

kanivaala- vt. to shatter something: to disable or todestroy. Syn: navguq-; siqummaq-.
kanivaun n. diaphragm, midriff (a muscularmembranous partition separating the abdominal
and thoracic cavities and functioning in
respiration).
kanna dem.adv. down there: visible,
stationary/specific, down below; locateddownriver. Syn: samma; unna. See: kanani,
kanuäa, kanakäa (kanaääa), kanuuna - seecharts.
kanna dem.pron. that one down there (Absolutive,
sing.). Syn: katkuak, katkua.
karruma that one down there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: kattuma.
karrumani that one down there (locative).
Variant: kattumani (C).
karrumuäa toward that one down there(terminalis). Variant: kattumuäa (C).
karrumakäa from that one down there (ablative).
Variant: kattumaääa (C).
karrumuuna through that one down there(vialis). Variant: kattumuuna (C).
karrumatun like that one down there (similaris).
Variant: kattumatun (C).
karrumiäa that one down there, with that one
down there (modalis). Variant: kattumiäa (C).
kannaak (C) n. the open points of the rail at either
end of an umiaq: the top of the stern or the bowof the boat.
kanniàiaq- vi. to overeat, to eat too much of one
thing.
kannuyaq n. copper. Variant: kanäuyaq.
kanäugi- vt. to be embarassed about someone's
action, to feel shame on behalf of someone. Syn:iruq-; qikigi-; suqpagi-. See: kanäutchak-.
kanäuit- vi. to be forward; to be pushy; to be
obtrusive.
kanäunaq- vi. to be shameful (a person acts
shameful).
kanäusuk- vi. to be ashamed (a person is ashamed),
to be reluctant (through fear of humiliation or
shame). Variant: kanäusruk-.
kanäusraaàun n. cause for shame.
Taatniinàisuaàumi kanäusaaàutauniaqtuq
ukpiqtuaäuruanun. Whenever he behave like
that, he causing shame for the believers.
kanäusruk- vi. to be ashamed (a person isashamed), to be reluctant (through fear of
humiliation or shame). Variant: kanäusuk-.
kanäusruq- vt. to shame someone.
kanäusruu- vi. to be shy, to be bashful. Syn: qiki-.
Variant: kanäuusuu-.

101

kanäutchak- vi. to become embarrassed; to becomeashamed. See: iruq-; kanäugi-; suqpagi-.

kanäutchiaq- vt. to embarrass.

Kanäutchiaäaiàuä! Stop embarrassing her!
Syn: suqpagi-.
kanäuusuu- vi. to be shy. Variant: kanäusruu-.
kanäuyaq n. copper.
kanuàit- vt. to crush: to break, pound, or grind(stone or ore, for example) into small pieces.
Uyaàaum kattaqitñikkumi iñuämik
kanuàiññiaàaa. If the stone falls onto a person
it is going to crush him. Syn: karumit-;
navguq-.
kanuäa dem.adv. toward down there. See: kanna.
kanuäatmun dem.adv. toward down there.
kanuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward down
there (focus: direction).
kanuäaq- vi. to go toward down there (focus:
actor).
kanuäauti- vt. to take toward down there (focus:goal).
kanuääiq n. 1) any deciduous tree. See: uqpik;
ninäuq; nunangiak. 2) egg yolk.
kanuqqaich n. detritus; crumbs; sawdust; powder.
kanuuna dem.adv. through down there. See: kanna.
kanuunaaq- vi. to go through down there.
kaäi n. 1) stem, origin (the main line of descent of afamily). 2) well (of water), spring. See:suvliktuaq; maqisaàvik.
kaäiàaaq- vi. to become cornered (in a corral). See:pattutrau-.
kaäiàaàmiu n. 1) hunter (sheltered from view in aconcealed hiding place). 2) herdsman (awaiting
reindeer at corral). Syn: munaqsri.
kaäiàaàmiutaq n. corral inhabitant: a person whostays at a reindeer corral. Syn: munaqsri.
kaäiàaluk n. cornerstone; a corner.
kaäiàalulik n. square (geometry). Syn: iqiràalik.
kaäiàaq n. 1) corral (for reindeer). Syn: itchuàvik;naàrugvik; uäurrivik. 2) hunter's blind or
hiding place.
kaäiàaq- vt. to corral a reindeer herd.
kaäiàaqtuq- to keep corraling reindeer.
kaäiàruaqtaq n. carnality (root of worldly or
temporal desires in human nature). Syn: timim
killukun kimmutaa.
kaäiáipqaq n. lower molar tooth. Syn: allimàaq;
atlimàaq.
kaäiááiq n. innermost one of a group; rearmost one;uppermost one of a group along a river.
kaäiááit- vt. to arrive at one's destination; to reach thelimit. Syn: kinilit-; isrukâit-. See: qutiàuq-.
kaäimuk- vi. 1) to travel to a river's source. 2) to runback down one's arms (of liquid).

kaäiqãuk
kaäiqãuk n. 1) big roots of trees and willows. 2) bay,bight (a bend or curve, especially in a shoreline
or a wide bay formed by such a bend or curve).
kaäiqsi- vt. to understand.
kaäiqsiágunaq- vi. to be intelligible.
kaäiqsiñaq- vi. to be understandable.
kaäiqsipkai- vt. to explain, to cause to understandsomething. Variant: kaäiqsipkaq-.
kaäiqsiuq- vt. to inquire, to ask questions to find out
about something. Putum takkuvia iriliqirim
kaäiqsiuàniàaa. The eye doctor checked Putu's
pupil (of the eye).
kaäirvigi- vi. to be the forefather of someone.
kaäit- vi. 1) to arrive, to reach destination; to reach alimit. See: qakit. 2) to pull taut. Syn: nuqimik-.
kaäivaqtaaq- vt. to roll up one's sleeves. Syn:ulivrik-.
kaääiuq- vi. to tell of origins, to relate history.
kaäuk n. snow goose. Chen hyperborea.
kapi- vt. to stab, to pierce, to prick; to give an
injection (medicine). Syn: kaki-.
kapit- vi. to be tight-fitting, to be too narrow.
kapit- vt. to cover a layer of clothing with another.
kapitaaàiik- vi. to form a layer one inside another.
See: qalliàiik-.
kapkaluk- vi. to chatter (to click quickly andrepeatedly: from cold, fever). Syn: agliàula-;tatigiáa-. See: kapkaq-.
kapkaq- vi. to clack, to clatter (with one's teeth).
See: kapkaluk-.
kapluq- vt. 1) to prick, to pierce, to puncture. 2) togive shots, to immunize. Variant: kaplui-;kavlui-; kavluq-.
kappiagi- vt. 1) to worry about someone. 2) to desire
for company to stay.
kappiala- vi. to yell with fright , to yell urgently for
help. Syn: uiàuala-. See: kappiasuk-;kappiatuq-.
kappiaäa- vi. to be in imminent danger.
kappiasuk- vi. to be apprehensive, to be alarmed
about imminent danger. Syn: kappiala-.
kappiatuq- vi. to shout from fright. Syn: kappiala-.
kappugauraq n. syringe (hypodermic needle),
lancet, scalpel for blood letting.
kapputchauti- vi. to stab too far (with a tool, e.g.
sharp knife, needle, or ice pick).
kapputi- vi. to be stuck in something, to beembedded in something. Syn: kalipqit-;
kalivsiq-.
kappuun n. proboscis of insects, stinger of insects.
Syn: iguun; puuqtuun.
kapusiun n. 1) shaft of a harpoon. Syn: nauligaq.
2) large whaling harpoon. Syn: nauligaq.
kapya- vi. to be anxious; to feel in imminent danger.

katchakSyn: irusiq-; iññiqi-. See: kapiala-. Variant:kavya-.
kapya- vt. to fear a loss. Variant: kavya-.
kapyaliq- vi. 1) to become anxious. 2) to become
dizzy, to get a headache.
kapyapchaq- vt. to frighten; to cause someone tobecome anxious, fearful, afraid. Variant:kapyapkaq-.
kapyatchak- vi. to become perturbed, to become
anxious. Variant: kavyatchak-.
karuk- vt. to hit on the head. See: kauk-; kaugun.
karumit- (C) vt. to crush: to break, pound, or grind(stone or ore, for example) into small pieces.
Syn: kanuàit-.
kasima- vi. to meet, to assemble. Syn: iññiq-.
Variant: katima-.
kasimmatriri n. council man. Syn:sivulliuqtiàruaq; uqaqsitaaqtitchiri.
kasuq- vt. to meet someone, to connect, to cometogether, to meet by chance. Syn: iññiq-; kati-;
paaq-; nalaut-. Variant: kasui-.
kasuqtit- vt. to bring together, to cause people toconnect. Syn: katitit-.
kasuuti- vi. to go on a date, to keep a rendezvous,.
kasrak- vt. to drum, to beat a drum; to make a noiseby striking something. See: aviáuq-. Variant:kasak-.
kasraun n. drumstick; drum skin. Variant: kasaun.
kasrautitaqti n. drummer (in Eskimo dancing).
katagaaq- vi. to play a game of pick-up sticks orjackstones.
katagaat n. pick-up sticks; jackstones.
katagiaq n. high step (from entrance up into ahouse).
katai- vt. to drop something. Variant: kataityaq-;kataktitchi-.
kataityaq- vt. to drop something. Variant: katai-.
kataivik n. receptacle, bucket to spill into. Syn:
imaikuvik.
katak n. vertical entrance hole in the floor of a sod
house (drop between hallway and main house).
katak- vi. 1) to fall. Putu iivraluakkataqtuq
katakami qiáàimiñ. Putu tumbled head firstwhen he fell out of the sled. See: iivraluak-.
2) to drop. Putum saviäa kataäniqsuq
kuuämun. Putu's knife dropped into the river.
kataktitchi- vt. to drop something off.
kataktuaq n. airplane crash.
kataqsruq- vt. to bomb an area from the air.
katchak- vt. to knock at a door. Syn: sukpalliq-;
tigluktuq-.
katchaktuq- to keep knocking at a door.
Qichaqtuäa talumi katchaktuqâuäa. I am
standing at the door knocking. Syn: tigluktuq-.

102katchaksrula-kavisiiqsiñ

katchaksrula- vi. to be audible (of knocking soundat the door). See: katchak-.
katchi n. wall.
katchiàruaq n. old wall (crumbling dug-out).
katchiái- vi. to construct a wall.
katchiruaq n. slope.
katchuq- vi. to be satisfied; to be pacified.
katchuuti- vi. to become married. Syn: katruq-.
katchuutityaqtuaq n. bride. Lit: 'one going to getmarried'.
kati- vt. 1) to meet. Syn: kasuq-; paaq-; nalaut-.
2) to bump one's head.
katima- vi. to meet, to assemble. Variant: kasima-.
katimaâiq n. meeting, gathering.
katimaruaq n. attendee at a meeting.
katimatyaàiaq- vt. to meet with a distinct purpose.
Putu katimatyaàiaqtuq iáisautrimik. Putu
has a meeting with a teacher. Syn: kasuq-;
paaq-.
katimmatikkaq- vi. to assemble (for a reason). Syn:kattutikkaq-.
katimmavik n. meeting place.
katinàaatchiak n. newly married couple.
katiqsrat n. pile, collection, assemblage.
katiqsri- vt. to assemble parts. Syn: tumaqsruq-.
katiqsruàniq n. confused mass, something tangled;
confused condition.
katit n. large herd of caribou. Syn: katraich,tatimmirat; tuttuàaaàruich; tuttuqpaurat.
katit- vi. to gather; to assemble.
katitaq n. harvest (things which have been gathered).
katitit- vi. to bring together, let things or people
come together. Syn: kasuqtit-. 2) to become
married. See: katchuuti-.
katkua dem.pron. those down there (dual). See:kanna, katkuak.
katkunani located at those down there (locative).
katkunuäa toward those down there (terminalis).
katkunakäa from those down there (ablative).
katkunuuna through those down there (vialis).
katkunatun like those down there (similaris).
katkuniäa those down there, with those down
there (modalis).
katkuak dem.pron. those two down there (dual). See:kanna, katkua.
katkuänaäni located at those two down there(locative).
katkuänuäa toward those two down there(terminalis).
katkuänakäa from those two down there(ablative).
katkuänuuna through those two down there(vialis).
katkuänaktun like those two down there103(similaris).

katkuäniäa those two down there, with those
two down there (modalis).

katluk n. 1) coal. Syn: aluaq. 2) thunder. Variant:kalluk.

katlula- n. to thunder. Variant: kallula-.
katraàvik n. meeting place.
Jewt katraàviat Jewish synagogue.
katraich n. large herd of caribou. Syn: katit;

tatimmirat; tuttuàaaàruich; tuttuqpaurat.

katruq- vi. to become married. Syn: katchuuti-. See:katitit-.

katruutaq n. 1) hammer; a firing pin (of gun). See:kaugun. Variant: kautaq (C); karruutaq.
2) fearless person (one who faces opposition
boldly).
kattalu n. ax handle.
kattaqi- vt. to drop on. Uyaàaum kattaqitñikkumi
iñuämik kanuàiññiaàaa. If the stone falls
onto a person it is going to crush it.
Itqallaksigik iñuich tuqutauruat nasirvium
kattaqipmagich? Do you remember the people
who died when the tower fell on them?
kattutikkaq- vi. to assemble (for a reason). Syn:katimmatikkaq-. See: katiqsri-.
katyaaàiik n. merging (place where two roads orrivers merge); a junction. Variant: katyaak.
katyaak n. junction, point of merging of two roads orrivers. Variant: katyaaàiik.
kau- vi. to reach into a container (e.g. to pick a
number out of a raffle bag). Variant: kausri-.
2) to put one's hand inside.
kaugun n. striking tool (something used as ahammer, e.g. rock). See: katruuttaq; karuk-.
kaugvik n. 1) chopping board, flat rock used as
chopping board. 2) anvil. Syn: arvik.
kauk n. walrus skin (for food).
kauk- vt. to hammer; to pound (e.g. a stick into theground). See: karuk-.
kausugruk- vi. to clang.
kavialaaq n. color of orange.
kaviaqtaaäu- vi. to be orange in color.
kaviàáuksi- vi. to blush (from modesty, shyness orconfusion). See: kigiñaàiiáiq-.
kaviääuaq n. rust-colored dye for dying leather,made by cooking the outer layer of alder bark.
See: nunaäiak.
kaviq- vi. to be red. Variant: kaviqsaaäu-.
kaviqsaaq n. redness.
kaviqsi n. measles.
kaviqsi- vi. to become red.
kavisiiqsi- vt. to scale a fish, to remove scales.
kavisiiqsiñ n. fish scaler (originally was a narrowed
caribou shoulder blade).

kavisiáik
kavisiáik n. fish with scales.
kavisiq n. fish scale.
kaviuài- vt. to covet, to feel immoderate desire forthat which is another's. Syn: killuqsri-. Variant:kaviuq-.
kaviuànaq- vi. to be desirable; to be covetable.
kaviuànaqtau- vi. to be glamorous; to be seductive.
kaviuàuksaaq- vt. to tempt. Syn: aäiqusaaq-;ikãigusaaq-.
kaviuàuksaun n. temptation. Syn: aäiqusraun;ikãigutchaun. Variant: kaviuàutchaun.
kaviuàun n. covetousness, avarice, greed. Syn:kaviuâiq; kaviuàutiqaâiq.
kaviuàutchak- vt. to be enticed, to be tempted. Syn:ikãigutchak-.
kaviuàutiqaâiq n. covetousness. Syn: killuqsriãiq.
kavlaq n. bearberry. Arctostaphylos alpina.
kavlaq- vi. to have big eyes; to be wide-eyed.
kavlaqsi- vi. to become wide-eyed.
kavlukpak n. empty container (of used gun shells).
kavluutit n. one hundred.
kavraàmik- vt. to carry on one's head. Syn:niaquàmik-.
kavraq n. 1) crown of head (skull cap). 2) wounded
caribou that runs away unobserved.
kavrauraq n. 1) peak of hood on woman's parka.
2) bald spot on head.
kavviaq n. red fox. Vulpes alascensis. Syn:kayuqtuq; qianàaq; qianàaqtuluk;
qiàñiqtaq; qusrhaaq. See: pisukkaaq.
kavviàik- vi. to be bright red.
kavvik n. dust.
kavya- vi. to be anxious, to feel imminent danger. See:
kapiala-. Variant: kapya-.
kavya- vt. to fear a loss. Variant: kapya-.
kavyatchak- vi. to become perturbed, to become
anxious. Variant: kapyatchak-.
kayuaàun n. tusk-shape design on parka shoulder(upper front).
kayuaàutilik n. man's fancy parka. Syn: atqaàutilik;
atituàutilik; qupaligaaq. See: atituàun.
kayumik- vi. 1) to be fast, to be rapid, to be energetic.
2) to be pleasing (of food), to be palatable.
kayumiksi- vi. to become fast, to become energetic.
Syn: sukasi-.
kayummak- vi. to speed up accidentally; to beenergized.
kayummatit- vi. to work at a steady speed without
hesitation.
kayummiraq n. good appetite.
kayummiraq- vi. to enjoy eating a pleasing meal,
especially in company.
kayumäit- vi. to be slow, to be sluggish. Ikniq
kayumäiáiqsuq aàravaaâakhuni. The fire is

kigga
burning slowly because there are too manyashes. See: kayumik-.
kayuäiaq- vt. to persuade. Syn: ayuàaksaq-;
iáamat-; uqayut-.
kayuäiaqsruq- vi. to shimmer (of water, which has
many insects on its surface).
kayuäiiqsruk n. worm, which lives in water. Syn:kumaàuq.
kayuäiuti- vt. to coax; to urge. See: kiikaaqsruq-;siimasaaq-.
kayuääiq- vi. to strain at one's chain or harness (ofdog).
kayuqtuq n. red fox. Vulpes alascensis. Syn:kavviaq, qianàaq, qianàaqtuluk, qiàñiqtaq,
qusrhaaq. See: pisukkaaq.
kiexcl. go ahead!, say it!, do it!, go on! Variant:kiata!; kiikka!
kia? quest. who? whose?
kiakäa dem.adv. from out there. See: kigga.
Variant: kiaääa.
kiakäaq- vi. to come from out there.
kiakäauti- vt. to bring from out there (focus:goal).
kialuqaàvik n. candle stick, lamp stand.
kialuuraq n. candle.
kian n. chest; the upper front part of body. Syn:sakiak.
kiani dem.adv. located out there (directly outside).
See: kigga.
kianiaäagun through the general area out there(vialis).
kianiaäani located in the general area out there(locative).
kianiaäaniñ from the general area out there(ablative).
kianiaäanun toward the general area out there(terminalis).
kiaääa (C) dem.adv. from out there. See: kigga.
Variant: kiakäa.
kiaääaq- vi. to come from out there.
kiaääauti- vt. to bring from out there (focus:goal).
kiapiàuq n. vest, sleeveless garment.
kiasrik n. scapula, shoulder blade. See: aaàiak.
Variant: kiasik (C).
kiata excl. "Okay, let's do it.".
kiativiñiq n. strip of wolverine fur from shoulders
down to leg; a piece of skin from the shoulder
area of an animal.
kigaluk- vt. to nibble at food (while preparing it orbefore it is ready to be eaten). Syn: irgasiq-;
putyuämik-.
kigapikkat n. the backbone, the spine.
kigga dem.adv. out there: visible, stationary/specific,

104

kiggiñkiiriqdirectly outside. Syn: qakma; qagga. See:kiani, kiuäa, kiakäa (kiaääa), kiuna - seecharts.
kiggiñ n. clothespin.
kiggisi- vi. to take a bite of. See: maäiaq-.
kiggisik n. pliers, vise-grip. Syn: kiämautik.
kiggun n. answer. Variant: kiggutit.
kiggusiaq- vi. to have received answer.
kiggutait- vi. to be non-responsive, to be without
response. See: iáatchiq-. Variant: kiummatait-.
kiggutiksraq- vi. to be able to answer.
kiggutiqaâiq n. responsibility.
kiggutit n. answer. Variant: kiggun.
kigi- vt. to bite. Syn: kiämaq-; maäiaq-; ugiaq.
kigiáiq- vi. to get bitten, to sustain a bite. Variant:kiiáiq-.
kigimmi- vt. 1) to clench one's jaws. Syn: paa-;
qiiligruk-. Variant: kiimmi-. 2) to holdsomething by one's teeth.
kigiñaàiiái- vi. to grimace, to contort the face; towince. Syn: qugluk-; uluàiaq-. Variant:kiiñaàiiái-.
kigiñaàiiáiq- vi. to blush from embarrassment. Syn:kaviàáuksi-. Variant: kiiñaàiiáiq-.
kigiñaàiit- vi. 1) to be ugly. Variant: kiiñaàiit-.
2) to look sick, to look embarrassed.
kigiñaàruiñaaq- vi. to gaze, to look straight at(person); to be face to face. Variant:kiiñaàruiñaaq-.
kigiñaàuq- vt. to hurt someone or oneself in the face.
Variant: kiiñaàuq-.
kigiñait- vi. to become dull (of knife, ax, etc.).
Variant: kiiñait-.
kigiñaksaun n. sharpening stone. Syn: ipiksaun;
siááiñ.
kigiñaääuaq n. mask. Variant: kiiñaàuq (C).
kigiñaq n. 1) face. Variant: kiiñaq. 2) the cuttingedge of a knife, ax, etc.
kigiñaqqiñ n. plug (of ivory, bone, or wood) for
sealskin poke. Variant: kiiñaqqiñ.
kigiñaqqun n. facial soap; face cloth. Syn:kigiñaqsiun; kiiñaqsiun.
kigiñiq n. scar from a bite. Syn: kiggiq. Variant:kiiñiq.
kigiñiq- vt. to focus on; to face something. Syn:saat-; saavit-; sanmi. Variant: kiiñiq-.
kigiñuq n. blade.
kigipigaq n. vertebrae. Variant: kiyipigaq;
kuyapigaq.
kigipikkat n. the spine, the backbone. Variant:kisipikkat; kiyipikkat; kuyapikkat.
kigiq- vt. to tear apart with the teeth. Syn: maäiaq-.
kigiqsuula- vi. to feel stinging pain.
kigiraak n. pair of crimped soles. Variant: kiiraak.

105

kigiraq n. crease; corrugation. Variant: kiiraq.
kigiraq- vt. to crimp a mukluk leather sole (with teeth
or with pliers). Variant: kiiraq-.

kigirauraq n. scallop, clam. Variant: kiirauraq.
kigiruatnak n. needle nose pliers. Variant:kiiruatnak.

kigiyuk n. 1) white-fronted goose. anser albifrons.

2) dog (that bites through a restraining rope andfrees itself).
kiglasuiññaq n. neck muscles of caribou. Syn:ivaluuraak. See: ivaluliñiq.
kigraaligaq- vi. to feel pain in the eye (from foreign
body in eye). Syn: iraàuq-; irrit-.
kigrak- vi. 1) to be sharp; to be rough (of a surface).
See: amiàáuk-; qaiàiit-. 2) to be scratchy to thetouch. 3) to scratch in the throat (of food).
kiguàayak n. northern lights. aurora borealis.
Variant: kiuàuya.
kigun n. tooth.
kigusi- vi. to teethe (of a baby), to grow teeth.
Variant: kigusri-; kigusiñiaq- (C).
kigusriqi- vi. to have a toothache. Syn: kigutinäu-.
kigusriqi- vt. to work on teeth. Variant: kigusiqi(C).
kigusriqiri n. dentist. Variant: kigusiqiri (C).
kigusriqqun n. toothpaste. Variant: kigutchiqqun(C).
kigusriqqutit n. 1) toothbrush. Variant:kigusiqqutit (C). 2) dentist's tools.
kigutaiáaq n. person without teeth.
kigutaiq- vi. to lose a tooth; to pull a tooth.
kigutigiksaaq- vi. to have good teeth.
kigutigiksaq- vt. to brush one's teeth.
kigutigiksaun n. toothbrush.
kigutinäu- vi. to have a toothache. Syn: kigusriqi-.
kigutiääuat n. false teeth, dentures.
kigvaluk n. muskrat. Ondatra zibethicus spatulata.
Syn: qiàñiq.
kii excl. see there!, see what happens when you dothat! Taatna-kii! "Like this, look!" Uvva-kii!
"Right over here!"kiikaaqsruq- vt. to urge, to encourage. See:
kayuäiuti-; pitchuksaaq-; qapiäaisaaq-;siimasaaq-.
kiikaluuäa- vt. to crave something, to "thirst" forsomething, to hanker for something.
kiiñaàniq- vi. to be bold, to be straightforward, toshow no respect for authority. Syn: arguaäa-;
attaqsrait-; uluàiit-. See: iáisimaniraaq-;
taluqsrautaiq-.
kiiqsiuàun n. pain.
kiiqsiuq- vi. to be in much pain. Syn: atniàñaq-;atniáuk-; saäniuq-.
kiiriq n. Canada Jay, camp robber. Perisoreus

kiisaimma
canadensis.

kiisaimma adj. finally; at last.
kiki- vt. to make a notch in wood; to break off a piece.
See: kikkaq.

kikiak n. nail. See: taiguraq.
kikiaktuq- vt. to nail. Lit: 'using nail'.
kikiaktuuti- to nail something, to fasten
something with a nail.

kikiaktuuti- vt. to crucify, to nail to the cross.
kikiaktuutraq n. fastened item (nailed).
kikialik- vi. to be nailed.
kikiaäiyaq- vt. to pull out nails. Variant: kikiiyaq-.
kikiik- vi. to bend one's body back. See: put-; niviq-;
qaqaq- ; qiviq-.

kikiniq n. break: the place where a piece of wood isbroken off. Syn: navik. See: kikkaq;
mumiànak.
kikirri- vt. to make nails.
kikkaq n. stump; notch, gap; broken section (as inwood). Syn: mumiànak. See: kikiniq; kiki-.
kikkiàñiq n. tooth gap.
kikkua dem.pron. those out there. Syn: kiäña,
kikkuak.
kikkunani those out there (locative).
kikkunuäa toward those out there (terminalis).
kikkunakäa from those out there (ablative).
Variant: kikkunaääa (C).
kikkunuuna through those out there (vialis).
kikkunaktun like those out there (similaris).
kikkuniäa those out there, with those out there(modalis).
kikkuak dem.pron. those two out there. Syn: kiäña,
kikkua.
kikkuänaäni those two out there (locative).
kikkuänuäa toward those two out there(terminalis).
kikkuänakäa from those two out there(ablative). Variant: kikkuänaääa (C).
kikkuänuuna through those two out there(vialis).
kikkuänaktun like those two out there(similaris).
kikkuäniäa those two out there, with those twoout there (modalis).
kikâiñ n. scraper; a brass sharpener. Syn: ikuun.
kikâuq- vi. to chip.
kikmiaq- vt. to bounce one heel up and down (ofmale dancer); to hit with the heel. Variant:kimmiaq-.
kikmik n. heel. Variant: kipmik.
kikmik- vt. to kick, to hit, to tap, to hold with one's
heel. Syn: aqi-; aqsraq-; isigagmik-. Variant:kipmik-; kikmiksiq-; kipmiksiq-.
kikmikpalik n. high-heeled dress shoes.

killigiksikikmiñauraq n. small pouch-like section (in napearea of woman's parka and snow shirt hood).
Variant: kipmiäñaq.
kikmiññaq n. low bush cranberries. vaccinium vituis
iduea. Variant: kikmiäñaq; kipmiññaq.
kikmitquq n. the back of one's heel, of one's leg.
kikmitquutaq n. Achilles tendon, sinew on back of
one's heel. Syn: kiñuàaàlugun; niuliñàaq;sivuàaàlugun. Variant: kikmitquun;
kipmitquq.
kiksutaq n. splint or cast for broken limb.
kiksutaq- vt. to reinforce; hold together with a splint.
kiksraq n. established trail (on tundra); a path cut
through brush or trees.
kiksri- vi. to cut a path in a portage or in willows.
kiktuàaq- vi. to snap in two; to break under tension(as rope). See: navguq-.
kiktuàiaq n. mosquito.
kiktuàiaqsiun n. 1) mosquito repellent. 2) mosquito
tent.
kiktuqsralik n. ant.
kilgiruaksraq n. messenger (mostly of bad news).
kilgun n. message, warning (bad news).
kiligvak n. mammoth, mastodon, elephant. Variant:kiligivak (C).
kilik- vt. 1) to inform, to warn. 2) to disclose (after
spying), to expose. Variant: kiliktuq-.
kiliktuq- vt. 1) to warn; to inform. Variant:kiliktui-. 2) to expose, to disclose. Variant:kilik-; mani-; salapqiq-; satqummiq-.
kiliktuun n. message, warning; information aboutanother's actions.
kiliäa- vi. to be cautious, to be careful, to be alert, tobe vigilant.
kilit- vt. to cut a skin into strips (rope, ruff, etc). Syn:tira-.
kilittaq- to slice a skin into strips (for rope). Syn:kittaq-.
kilitaq n. strip of skin to be used for rope. Variant:kittaq.
killaaq- vi. to be full of holes.
killaiyaq- vt. to sew; to mend. Variant: miquq- (C).
killaiyaun n. sewing machine.
killak n. 1) hole. Pl: killaich. 2) fontanelle, soft spoton baby's head.
killalik n. 1) white-winged scoter, diving duck.
Melanitta deglandi. 2) something that has a holeor opening.
killaq- vt. to hole, to make a hole.
killi n. limit (of time or space), the horizon; a border,edge of wall or floor; a stopping point.
killia- vi. to be a stopping point.
killigiksi- vi. to open up at the horizon (of overcast
sky).

106

killiàruaq

kiluvaq-killiàruaq n. the edge of sod house; a tent wallcovered with grass from the outside. See:killiàun.
killiàuaq n. joiner, leather strip joining boot sole toupper part. Syn: kiämiàun; uäarviaàun.
killiàun n. snow shelter (made of snow blocks
covered with tarpaulin). See: killiàruaq.
killiäiqsinniq n. open water along the beach (notcovered by ice).
killiäiqsit- vi. to begin to thaw at the shore in springtime (of ice on lake or at river).
killiqi- vi. to sin, to do sinful things. Syn: killuliqi-.
killuài- vt. to envy someone, to covet something.
Taapkua sivulliaàuqtuat killuàiniàaat
nukatchiaqtiä. Those ancestors envied their
youngest brother. Syn: iàáikkuti-; kimigi-;
piáiñàu-; siqñagi-; piäatu-. Variant:killuqsri-.
killukuaàun n. mistake.
killukuaàutipkaq- vt. to cause someone to err, tolead someone astray.
killukuaq- vi. to err, to make a mistake. Lit: 'go thewrong path'.
killukun pos.adv. the wrong way, wrongly. Lit:
'through (the) wrong way'. Syn: ulapniq-.
killuliqi- vi. to do wrong, to do something bad, tosin. Piqasriqsuutiyumiñaitchusri
taatnatchimi iñuämi killuliqikpan
sayuäaâikun. You will not have fellowshipwith such person if he is sinfully involved in
adultery. Piqpaksriruaq iñuk
quviasrutlaitchuq iñuich killuliqipmata. A
person who loves cannot be happy if people are
involved in sin.
killuliqiâiq n. iniquity. Syn: pigiiãiq.
killuliqiri n. sinner, wrongdoer. Syn: killuqsaqti;
navguiri. Variant: killiqiri.
killuq n. sin; error. Syn: killuqsaun. See: navguiãiq;navguiñ.
killuqsaktitchiruaq n. offender. Syn:piñaiááutaatniktuaq.
killuqsaq- vt. to commit sin, to do wrong, to commit
crime. Variant: killuqsraq-.
killuqsaqti n. sinner, wrongdoer. Syn: killuliqiri;
navguiri.
killuqsaun n. sin, wrongdoing. Syn: killuq. See:navguiãiq; navguiñ. Variant: killuqsraun.
killuqsri- vt. to covet. Syn: kaviuài-.
killuqsriãiq n. bitterness, envy. Iáitchuàigikpiñ
immaukkaqsipáutin killuqsriãiàmik. I realizethat you are filled with bitter envy. Syn:kaviuàutiqaâiq.
killuu- vi. to be sinful. Syn: killuksak-.
killuun n. sin, wrongdoing. Takku iluqani iñuk

107

killuutiniktuq. Because all men have acquired
sin. Syn: killuq. See: killukuaàun.
kilu n. 1) location opposite the door (in a house, ortent). 2) easterly direction. See: qaänaaq.
kiluaàniq n. torn seam, rip in the seam. See: kiluaq-.
kiluani pos.adv. located behind. Syn: qulvani. See:kilu.
kiluaq- vi. to be ripped at the seam; to come undone(of a seam). Syn: kiluiyaq-. See: aäivit-;kiluaàniq.
kiluaq- vt. to rip a seam, to rip one's sewing. Syn:kiluiyaq-.
kilugik- vi. 1) to sew with even stitches; to sew well.
2) to be sewn well. See: kilugluk-; kilukâuk-.
kilugluk n. item with big, uneven stitches; item has
not been sewn well. Variant: kilukâuk.
kiluitchaq n. key and padlock. Variant: kiluusaq.
kiluiyaq- vt. to rip a seam. Syn: kiluaq-.
kiluiyaq- vi. to rip in the seam, to come apart in theseams, to become torn.
kiluk n. stitch; seam.
kilukâuk n. item with big, uneven stitches; item has
not been sewn well. Variant: kilugluk (C).
kilukâuk- vi. 1) to sew with uneven stitches. Variant:kilugluk- (C). 2) to be sewn with unevenstitches. See: kilugik-.
kilulliq n. the one farthest in back, inland. See: kilu.
kilumi pos.adv. located opposite the door. See: kilu.
kilutmun pos.adv. toward inland; toward the back.
Syn: kiäutmun; tunutmun. See: kilu. Variant:kilunmun.
kilutqut- vi. 1) to pass by on the inland side. 2) towalk by behind a tent or building. Syn:siáatqut-.
kiluusat n. keys (for a padlock). Syn: aämaun.
kiluusraq n. padlock. Variant: kiluusaq (C).
kiluusraq- vt. to lock, to safeguard. Variant:kiluusaq- (C).
kiluvaq- vi. 1) to move inward (from door towards
the back of house), to move toward the shore(from open water). Taapkua iáai maliàuaqtit
kiluvaàniqsut umiakun. Those other disciples
moved to shore by boat. Syn: timmuk-. 2) tomove from shore toward higher ground; to travel
inland (away from seashore or riverbank). Putu
kiluvaqtuq taapkunuuna napaaqtutigun.
Putu went up through those trees. Putu
kiluvaqtaaàniqsuq tuäaanun kiáiktaam
nunam. Putu moved up from the shore towardhigher ground. Syn: qulvaq-. Variant: kilvaq-.
kiluvaqtaaq- to move away from shore; tocome up (or in) farther.
kiluvatmuk- to travel toward inland; to retreat
from the shore.

kiluvasikkiluvasik- vi. to be well inside the house; to be far

inland; to be well away from the shore or
riverbank. Variant: kilvasrik-.
kiluvauti- vt. to take something inland, to takesomething back from the beach. Miiyuk
suuraäanik kiluvautriruq. Miiyuk is bringing
her things from the beach.
kiáigaq- vt. to scrape fat off a skin; to scrape baleen todesired size. Syn: amiiàruk-; aäula-; ikuk-;kiáik-; kiááiuqtaq-; mamiiq-; mitquiq-;
qisiiq-; sakipsi-; uqsruiyaq-.
kiáik- vi. to scrape; to chafe. Variant: kiááiuq-.
kiááiàruaq n. bad sore; impetigo (contagious
bacterial skin infection); leprosy. Lit: 'bad, oldcut'. Uvvauna iäiularikniaq
kiááiàruaqaqtuaq. There was (this) poor beggar
who had leprosy. Syn: auyugaqtuaq.
kiááiq n. a sore (without pus); cut on the skin.
kiááiqãuk n. sore, bad wound (cut). Lit: 'bad cut'.
kiááiuàruk- vt. to scrape oneself; to abrade oneself
without bleeding.
kiááiuqtaq- vt. to scrape fat off a skin; to scrapebaleen to desired size. Syn: amiiàruk-; aäula-;
ikuk-; kiáigaq-; mamiiq-; mitquiq-; qisiiq-;
sakipsi-; uqsruiyaq-.
kimagluk n. half-cooked greens, e.g. sourdock(sorrel).
kimagluk- vt. to boil sourdock (fv: qauàaq) whole,
without cutting leaves.
kimigi- vt. to envy someone, to covet something.
Syn: iàáikkuti-; killuài-; piáiñàu-; piäatu-;
siqñagi-. Variant: kimiksri-.
kimmun n. desire.
kimmutiksri- vt. to desire, to long for.
kimnaq n. foul-smelling item; a bitter-tasting item.
See: aaqqaaäu-; tipliq-; ikisuänit-.
kimnaq- vi. to be acrid, to be bitter.
kimnaqsi- vi. to become acrid, to be bitter.
kimni- vi. to feel the effects of smoking too muchtobacco.
kimña dem.pron. that one inside there (Absolutive,
sing.). Syn: kipchuak, kipchua; kipkuak,
kipkua.
kivruma that one inside there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: kiptuma.
kivrumani that one inside there (locative).
Variant: kiptumani.
kivrumuäa toward that one inside there(terminalis). Variant: kiptumuäa.
kivrumakäa from that one inside there(ablative). Variant: kiptumaääa.
kivrumuuna through that one inside there(vialis). Variant: kiptumuuna.
kivrumatun like that one inside there (similaris).

kiñiq
Variant: kiptumatun.

kivrumiäa that one inside there, with that one
inside there (modalis). Variant: kiptumiäa.

kinaivruàausri- vt. to make a basket. Syn:aguummi-; aguupmi-.

kinatagun n. sled brake. See: akikaun; pauktaun.
Variant: kinitagun; kinataun.

kinatak- vi. to use sled brake. Variant: kinitak-.
kinatchit- 1) vi. to get bogged down. 2) to findswallowing difficult.

kini- vt. to deceive. Syn: sagluqi-; ukpiqsaq-. See:kinniqiuraaq-.

kiniàniq n. 1) femur. 2) hip joint. 3) the marrow in thehind leg of a caribou.

kinilirvik n. destiny.
kinilit- vi. to reach a destination, to arrive at one's

destination. Syn: kaäiááit-. See: qutiàuq-;utiàrak-.
kiniq- vi. to be too thick (of liquid), to be viscid; tobe rough (so as not to slide easily, e.g. an uniaq
with bad runners). See: qaiàiit-.
kiniqsiáaaàun n. thickening agent (for food). Lit:
'that which lets it slowly get thicker'.
kiniqtat n. dried meat kept in seal oil. Syn: paniqtaq.
kiniqtuq n. thick soup.
kiniri n. deceiver. See: sagluturuaq.
kinnaäaaâiq n. foolishness.
kinnaäaaq- vi. to be absent-minded. See:kinnaäaaqsi-.
kinnaäaaqsi- vi. to become absent-minded, tobecome senile. Putu kinnaäaaqsiruq. Putu is
becoming senile.
kinnaq n. fool, crazy person.
kinnaqsaq- vi. to be confused. Syn: alapiäaaq-;
makimaq-; qanuàviiq-.
kinnaqsaq- vt. to misunderstand.
kinnaqsruq- vi. to act foolish, to act retarded. Putu
kinnaqsrulgitchuq uvluvak. Putu acts like afool again today.
kinnau- vi. to be a fool, to be a crazy person. Putu
kinnauàuqtuq. Putu has become a fool.
kinniqiuraaq- vi. to be deceptive. See: sagluuraq-.
kiña quest. who?
kiñalluq n. sediment, the residue at the bottom; dregs;
lees.
kiñi- vi. to squat; to sit down on chamber pot. Syn:qupsuk-; qusruaq-.
kiñigniq n. hip joint.
kiñiàvik- vt. to carry something in the front of one's
snow shirt or apron.
kiñiq n. 1) moist eczema (discharge of water fromskin: disease of dogs). 2) lochia: the normal
uterine discharge of blood, tissue, and mucusfrom the vagina after childbirth. Variant:108

kiñiq-kiämiaq

kiññaq.

kiñiq- vi. to seep (to enter, depart, or become diffused
gradually: of a liquid); to ooze. Syn: imaàiak-;maqi-; siiàñiq-.
kiñiqsiq n. tonsil, small oral mass of lymphoid tissue(of uncertain function, but believed to help
protect the body from respiratory infections).
See: qakiàluk-. Variant: qiñiqsiq.
kiñit- vt. to dip, to soak, to immerse. See:misiàaaq-. Variant: kiñitchiq-.
kiñitchiq- vt. 1) to soak oneself, to bathe (in a tub).
Syn: ivvaq-; uvvaq-. 2) to settle, to cause (aliquid) to become clear by forming a sediment.
kiñitchiq- vt. to wash salt out of food soaked in brine.
Variant: kiñit-.
kiñäu- vi. to capsize. See: qayau-. Variant: kitäu-;
kitñu-.
kiñu pos.base. behind. Syn: aqu. Variant: kiäu.
kiñuagun later. Kiñuagun aäitqianikkuma
aullaàisiruäa sivupsitñi Galilee-mun. Laterafter I came to life again I will go before you to
Galilee. Tallimat uvlut kiñuatigun
iáaliqsugut taipkua sivuptikni aullaqtuat.
After five days we joined those who had left
before us. Variant: kiäuagun.
kiñu- vi. to migrate, to move on. Variant: kiäu-.
kiñuàaàlugun n. the hind leg sinew. Syn:kikmitquuttaq. See: sivuàaàlugun. Variant:kiäuàaàlugun.
kiñuàaq n. the back of a mukluk. Variant: kiäuqqaq.
kiñuàaq- vi. to miss an appointment), to fail to be on
time. Variant: kiäuàaq-.
kiñuàaqâiàiik- vi. to walk single file. Syn: maligiik-;tunulliàiik-; iiguliktit-; uuyuliktit-. Variant:kiäuàaqâiàiik-.
kiñuàauti- vt. to miss an opportunity; to omit.
kiñulliq n. the last, the hindmost.
Kiñulliqpiaäunàiññasrugiruäa
tamatkunakäa qaukâiunasrugiplutiä
uqqiraqtauruaniñ. I don't think that I reallyam the least compared to those who think ofthemselves as the leading apostles. Syn:tunulliq. Variant: kiäulliq.
kiñulliqsaaq- vi. to complete one's work, to do thelast task. Syn: aqulliqsaaq-.
kiñulliu- vi. to be last. Variant: kiäulliu-.
kiñumuak- vi. to draw back from someone, tobecome detached from social involvement, toretreat emotionally. Ilipsipsuuq
kiñumuakkumanàitchaluaqmivisi? Wouldn't
you too also want to retreat emotionally?
Taavruma aquagun iñugiaktuat
maliàuaqtai kiñumuaktut. After that [event]nany disciples drew back [from him].

109

kiñunàuu- vi. to mourn, to feel alone after a loss.

Syn: kiñuvàu-; siaqqa-. Variant: kiäunàuu-.

kiñuniq n. home. Tukkiqsuàlugich iglaat

kiñunnapsitñi. Welcome travelers in yourhomes. Ilaan kiñunni iâuatun aäalalgulugu
being able to rule his own home well, Syn:aimaaàvik. Variant: kiäuniq.
kiñuppiaq- vi. to move toward the rear of a group.
Syn: kiñuvaq-; kiäuvaq-. Variant:kiäuppiaq-.
kiñutmuäa- vi. to deliver by breech (to deliver a
fetus with the buttocks or feet appearing first).
Syn: ani-. Variant: kiäuppiäa-.
kiñutmuäaraq n. breech-birth (delivery of a fetus
with the buttocks or feet appearing first).
Variant: kiäuppiäaraq.
kiñuvaat n. inheritance. Variant: kiäuvaat.
kiñuvakti n. latecomer, person who didn't make it ontime.
kiñuvaq n. the rear of a group of people. Variant:kiäuvaq.
kiñuvaq- vi. to move toward the rear of a group. Syn:kiñuppiaq-; kiäuppiaq-. Variant: kiäuvaq-.
kiñuvaq- vt. to miss [an appointment or event]because of being late for it.
kiñuvasrik- vi. to be far behind. Syn: aquvasik-.
Variant: kiäuvasik-.
kiñuvatigun adv. afterwards, later. Syn:aquvatigun. See: kiñu. Variant: kiäuvatigun.
kiñuvàu- vi. to mourn; to grieve; to feel alone after aloss. Syn: kiñunàuu-; siaqqa-. See: iiqsaluk-.
Variant: kiäuvàu-.
kiñuvàun n. sorrow, grief. Syn: alianniuâiq. Variant:kiäuvàun.
kiñuviaàiich n. future generations. Variant:kiäuviaàiich.
kiñuviannak- vt. to miss someone. Syn:iñuiáaàuti-; ivaàiatchi-; piitchi-; urgiasruk-.
Variant: kiäuviannak-.
kiñuviaäaq n. consequence, outcome. Variant:kiäuviaäaq.
kiñuviaq n. descendant, offspring. Syn: aullaàvik.
Variant: kiäuviaq.
kiäiaq- vi. to turn one's head to look behind. See:alaq-; qiviaq-.
kiäik- vi. to be high (elevation). Variant: kiäiktaaq-.
kiämaq- vt. to gnaw, to bite in different places; tochew seal skin (for soles). Syn: kipchaq-;
maäiaq-; ugiaq-. Variant: kigmaq-.
kiämautik n. pliers. Variant: kigmautik.
kiämialiq- vt. to bridle an animal, to restrain an
animal. Syn: kiämirriq-. Variant: kigmialiq-.
kiämiaq n. 1) bridle; something carried with the teeth.
Variant: kigmiàaq. 2) chuck: the mouthpiece ofkiämiàuna drill.

kiämiàun n. joiner (a strip of tanned caribou leatheror bleached seal skin between body and sole ofboot). Syn: killiàuaq; uäarviaàun. Variant:kigmiàun.
kiäña dem.pron. that one out there (Absolutive,
sing.). Syn: kikkuak, kikkua.
kigruma that one out there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: kiktuma.
kigrumani that one out there (locative). Variant:kiktumani.
kigrumuäa toward that out there (terminalis).
Variant: kiktumuäa.
kigrumakäa from that one out there (ablative).
Variant: kiktumaääa.
kigrumuuna through that one out there (vialis).
Variant: kiktumuuna.
kigrumatun like that one out there (similaris).
Variant: kiktumatun.
kigrumiäa that one out there, with that one out
there (modalis). Variant: kiktumiäa.
kiäu pos.base. back, later.
kiäuagun later. Tallimat uvlut kiñuatigun
iáaliqsugut taipkua sivuptikni aullaqtuat.
After five days we joined those who had left
before us. Syn: aqu. Variant: kiñu.
kiäuagun adv. later, afterwards. Lit: 'through its
back'. Syn: aquagun. Variant: kiñuagun.
kiäuani pos.adv. behind. Syn: aquani. Variant:kiñuani.
kiäuniq n. home. Syn: aimaaàvik. Variant:kiñuniq.
kiäutmun pos.adv. backwards. Syn: kilutmun;
tunutmun.
kiäuvasik- vi. to be far behind. Syn: aquvasik-.
Variant: kiñuvasrik-.
kiäuvatigun adv. afterwards. Syn: aquvatigun. See:kiäu. Variant: kiñuvatigun.
kiäuvàu- vi. to mourn; to grieve; to feel alone after aloss. See: iiqsaluk-; aliasuk-. Variant:kiñuvàu-.
kiäuvàun n. sorrow, grief. Syn: alianniuâiq. Variant:kiñuvàun.
kiäuviaq n. descendant. Syn: aullaàvik. Variant:kiñuviaq.
kipakâiq- vt. to mock; to tease, to make fun of. Syn:iáaààisi-;.
kipaluk n. servant, person who runs errands(especially a young person); housekeeper.
Variant: kipalukti.
kipaluk- vi. to serve; to work.
kipaluurauq n. messenger.
kipchaq n. bone already gnawed; a bone, still withmeat to chew on. Syn: maäiksaq.

kipkuakipchaq- vt. to gnaw the meat off a bone. Syn:kiämaq-; kigmaq-; maäiaq-. Variant:kipkaq-.
kipchua dem.pron. those inside there. Syn: kimña,
kipchuak; kipkuak, kipkua.
kipchunani those inside there (locative).
kipchunuäa toward those inside there(terminalis).
kipchunakäa from those inside there (ablative).
kipchunuuna through those inside there (vialis).
kipchunatun like those inside there (similaris).
kipchuniäa those inside there, with those insidethere (modalis).
kipchuak dem.pron. those two inside there. Syn:kimña, kipchua, kipkuak, kipkua.
kipchuänaäni those two inside there (locative).
kipchuänuäa toward those two inside there(terminalis).
kipchuänakäa from those two inside there(ablative).
kipchuänuuna through those two inside there(vialis).
kipchuänaktun like those two inside there(similaris).
kipchuäniäa those two inside there, withthosetwo inside there (modalis).
kipi- vt. to sever something ; to cut something. Syn:sali-; taqqaaq-.
kipiài- vi. 1) to earnestly desire to do something. 2) tobe encouraged because of success, to keep doing
something because of success.
kipiàniuàun n. passion; a motivation; desire.
kipiàniuq- vi. to be passionate; to be motivated. See:siimasaaq-.
kipiàniuq- vt. to have a longing desire, to yearn for.
kipinniq n. stain. Syn: quàriñiq.
kipinäu- vi. to dislike a person. Variant:kipinäuqsri-.
kipinäusuk- vi. 1) to speak frankly without concern
for others, to be outspoken. See: natmiñiqtuq-.
2) to be malcontent; to be frustrated about thelack of a desired ability in oneself.
kipiqqutigi- vt. to desire something.
kipiqsruq- vi. to persist, to keep trying.
kipiqsruq- vt. to urge to keep trying.
kipit- vi. 1) to become brewed (of tea). 2) tohabituate.
kipit- vt. to stain, to dye. Kaviqsaamik
kipitilaaàuä. Dye it more red (Use more reddye on it).
kipitchiaq n. dyed skin, dyed red with alder.
kipitchiun n. dye.
kipkua dem.pron. those inside there. Syn: kimña,
kipchuak; kipkuak, kipchua.

110

kipkuakkivakäa

kipkunani those inside there (locative).
kipkunuäa toward those inside there (terminalis).
kipkunaääa from those inside there (ablative).
kipkunuuna through those inside there (vialis).
kipkunatun like those inside there (similaris).
kipkuniäa those inside there, with those insidethere (modalis).

kipkuak dem.pron. those two inside there. Syn:kimña, kipkua; kipchuak, kipchua.
kipkuänaäni those two inside there (locative).
kipkuänuäa toward those two inside there(terminalis).
kipkuänaääa from those two inside there(ablative).
kipkuänuuna through those two inside there(vialis).
kipkuänaktun like those two inside there(similaris).
kipkuäniäa those two inside there, with those
two inside there (modalis).
kipluivik n. harvest time. Variant: kivluivik.
kipluq- vi. to cut a length of rope; to mow grass.
Variant: kivluq-; kiplui-; kivlui-.
kiplutit n. blades for cutting. Variant: kivlutit.
kipluun n. 1) crosscut saw. Variant: kivluun. 2) saw
tooth bender (a tool). Syn: nikisitaun. See:nikisitaq-.
kippaku n. left-over piece that was cut off. Syn:iáaku; iáiqniku.
kippaku- vt. to leave a cut-off bit; to have a left-overpiece. Syn: iáaku-; iáiqniku-.
kippakuq n. cigarette butt.
kippaq n. cut-off piece.
kipraq n. cut (the result of action): the condition of
being severed. Variant: kivraq.
kipraq- vt. to cut hair. Variant: kivraq-.
kiprautik n. haircutting tool. Variant: kivrautik.
kipri- vt. to sever, to disjoin. Variant: kivri-;
kipliq-; kivliq-; kipluq-; kivluq-; kiplui-;kivlui-.
kiput- vi. to change, to alter.
kipuyunaq- vi. to be questionable, to be doubtful, tobe indeterminate.
kirgaviatchauraq n. gnat (black fly): "no see'ums".
See: milugiatchiaq; quunniàñaq.
kirgavik n. 1) goshawk. Accipiter gentilis.
2) peregrine falcon. Falco peregrinus.
kiriuraq n. cat.
kirraq n. the heat of the sun.
kirraq- vi. to be lukewarm.
kirraqsi- vi. to become warm from the heat of sun.
kirratchiaq- vi. to shine brightly (of the sun). See:siqiññaaàik-.
kisaq (C) n. anchor. Variant: kitchaq.

111

kisi- vi. alone.
kisimàiuq- vi. to desert: to abandon, to forsake. Syn:aullau-; iáatchiq-.

kisimàuq- vt. to exclude others (selfishly). Variant:kisipquq-; kisimàuqtaaq-.

kisiäuq- vi. to become alone, to be left alone.
kisiäuqtaq n. remnant, leftover. Syn: akkutchiaq;
iáaku; iáiàniku; iáiàniq; miñaq; sippaq.

kisirrun n. number.
kisisaq n. 1) counted items. 2) grounded ice pile

(keeps landlocked ice from floating away). Syn:
apuqtinniq.
kisit- vi. to count. Variant: kisitchi-.
kisivli- vi. to be alone. Jesus kisivlipkaqâugu
nunami. Jesus was left alone on land.
kisivri- vi. to prefer to go without the company or
assistance of others, to be loner, to be a lonewolf.
kisu quest. which? who?
kisuiq- vt. to understand; to perceive.
kitaaq n. guitar.
kitchaq n. anchor. See: kisaq (C).
kitik n. quartz (crushed to powder and used fortanning caribou skins).
kitñu- vi. to capsize, to completely overturn. See:qayau-. Variant: paâuq-; umiu-.
kittaq n. strip of skin to be used for rope. Syn:kilittaq.
kittaq- vt. to slice a strip of skin to be used for rope.
Variant: kilitaq-.
kiu- vt. to answer.
kiuàuyaliq- vi. northern lights appear (of wintersky).
kiuàuyat n. northern lights. Aurora borealis.
kiumaâiq n. response, reply, answer. Syn: kiggun;
kiusiãiq.
kiuna dem.adv. through out there, through outside.
See: kigga.
kiunaaq- vi. to go through out there.
kiuäa dem.adv. toward out there. See: kigga.
kiuäatmun dem.adv. toward out there.
kiuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward out there(focus: direction).
kiuäaq- vi. to go toward out there (focus: actor).
kiuäauti- vt. to take toward out there (focus:goal).
kiusiãiq n. answer.
kivaknak n. wind from upriver, easterly wind,southeasterly wind. Variant: kivakniq.
kivakäa dem.adv. from in there, from inside. See:
kivva. Variant: kivaääa.
kivakäaq- vi. to come from in there.
kivakäauti- vt. to bring from in there (focus:goal).

kivaliàiq
kivaliàiq n. east side; eastward.
kivalliq n. 1) innermost room of a house. 2) sleeping

bench next to inside wall (of traditional sod
house). Lit: 'furthest inside'. Syn: igáiq;
siñigvik.
kivani dem.adv. located in there, located inside. See:
kivva.
kivaniaäagun through in there (vialis).
kivaniaäani located in there (locative).
kivaniaäaniñ from in there (ablative).
kivaniaäanun toward in there (terminalis).
kivaääa (C) dem.adv. from in there, from inside.
See: kivva. Variant: kivakäa.
kivaääaq- vi. to come from in there.
kivaääauti- vt. to bring from in there (focus:goal).
kivgaq n. servant; a messenger.
kivgaq- vi. to serve.
kivgiq- vi. to hold a messenger feast.
kivi- vi. to sink.
kiviáiq- to sink suddenly.
kivik- vt. to lift.
kiviáiq- vi. to slip off suddenly (of underpants,
diapers, etc.). Syn: sipiksaq-.
kiviáiq- vt. to forget (something "just slipped away"
one tried to remember). See: puuyuq-; piiguq-.
kiviäa- vi. to wear a garment (very) low below the
waistline. Syn: ati-; atuq-.
kiviq- vt. to stuff, to fill, to pack tightly (as a seal
poke with blubber). Variant: kivviaq-; kivii-.
kiviqi- vt. to pull down (e.g. one's pants). Syn:usiááaq-. See: mayuqi-.
kiviqiäa- to order someone to pull down pants.
kiviqi- vi. to have one's pants fall down.
kiviqqutaq n. sinker for a net. Taapkunakäa
iyaàaäniñ Putu kiviqqutaksranik
piksraqtuq. Putu picked some rocks to be net
sinkers from [among] those [there]. Syn:saatqun; uyaàak. See: atliñiq; qimiq.
kivit- vt. to sink something. Syn: itiquutri-.
kivluaq n. knee-high waterproof boot. Syn:imaàniqqun; ipialik; iqaqâik; kamigruak;
mamilik; qaqâik; ulitchuiáaq.
kivluatchiaq n. short, mid-calf length boot.
kivuäa dem.adv. toward in there, toward inside. See:
kivva.
kivuäatmun dem.adv. toward in there, toward
inside.
kivuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward inside(focus: direction).
kivuäaq- vi. to go toward inside (focus: actor).
kivuäauti- vt. to take toward inside (focus: goal).
kivuuna dem.adv. through in there, through inside.
See: kivva.

kumaàuq
kivuunaaq- vi. to go through in there, to go
through inside.

kivva dem.adv. in there: visible, stationary/specific,

inside; located upriver. Syn: qavva; qamma.
See: kivani, kivuäa, kivakäa, kivuuna - seecharts.
kivvak- vt. to lift a heavy object.
kivviàruaq n. caribou appendix.
kivviàruat n. edible intestines (laced with fat andcooked). Syn: qiatuqtuq. See: iäaluat.
kivviq n. caribou stomach filled with fat (to becooked, dried and eaten).
kiyipigaatchiat n. fish spines, bony side of dried
fish. Syn: kuyapigatchiat.
kiyipigaurat n. block and tackle. Variant:kuyapigaurat.
kukau n. arrow point.
kukigmik- vt. to pinch with one's fingernails. Syn:
kukimmala-. Variant: kukiämik-.
kukiiáik n. hoofed mammal: horses, cattle, deer,swine, and elephants (ungulate mammal).
kukiiyaq- vt. to clip fingernails.
kukik n. 1) hoof. 2) fingernail. 3) the stone end of
scraper.
kukiáuk- vi. to wander; to move around; to go fromplace to place; to travel. Quliaqtuaqti
kukiáuäniqsuq iluqaani nunami. The
preacher traveled from place to place in thewhole country. See: ittuaqausriit-.
kukimmala- vt. to hold on (with one's fingertips).
Syn: kukigmik-; tigummitqiaq-.
kukiämik- vt. to pinch with one's fingernails.
Variant: kukigmik-.
kukiu- vt. to cook.
kukkik- vi. to grow fingernails, to grow claws.
kukkiái- vt. to pick one's teeth. Syn: kupki-;
kupkiiyaq-.
kukkiáiñ n. toothpick.
kukkit- vi. to have a food item stuck between theteeth. Syn: kupki-. See: kupkaluk-.
kuksraq- vi. to be very busy.
kukuk- vt. to build a fire.
kukuuàun n. tinder; kindling.
kukuun n. kindling.
kukuvaula- vi. to have freckles.
kulavagraitchiaq n. large caribou cow.
kulavagruatchauraq n. very old skinny caribou
cow.
kulavagruatchiaq n. old caribou cow (over 20
years).
kulavak n. caribou cow. See: immulivik; paäniq.
kulavauraq n. young caribou cow (before
conceiving in second year).
kumaàuq n. 1) worm which lives in water. 2) shrimp.

112

kumaàuu-kuukuaq-kumaàuu- vi. to be wormy, to be full of worms (ofwater).

kumaiqsuaq- vt. to delouse someone: to rid aperson of lice.

kumaiyaugaurat n. fine-tooth comb (fordelousing).

kumak n. 1) louse. Syn: pauq. 2) larvae of caribou
botfly. See: qupilàuq.

kumak n. tapeworm (long flatworms that areparasitic in the intestines of vertebrates,
including human beings).
kumaksruk- vi. to itch. Syn: paumit-; pupik-;uäiáak-; uuq-. See: uuq-.
kumaurat n. beans. Syn: niliànat.
kumigaq n. rake. Syn: pakirgutit.
kumigaun n. 1) metal claw (used to scratch ice andattract seals). Syn: pakirgutit. 2) comb forthinning thick fur.
kumik n. red itching spots, scratch on the surface.
kumik- vt. to scratch on a surface. Putu
kumikkataqtuq. Putu scratches himself. Syn:
qitchuk-. See: qipuak-.
kumäutit n. rake. Variant: kumigautit (C).
kuniàaq- vi. to faint; to become suddenly dizzy(associated with failure of normal blood
circulation). See: aiyaaäa-; imuliq-;taaqtukkaq-; tuquanäu-.
kunik n. kiss.
kunik- vt. 1) to bring something near one's nose tosmell it. 2) to kiss someone with the lips.
kunipiq- to kiss repeatedly.
kunik- vi. to accidentally fall and hit the lips.
kunikkaq- vi. to fall flat on one's face, to fall face
first. Syn: maäiaq-.
kuniksaq- vi. to touch with one's nose; to smell.
kunipiq- vt. to pet. Syn: patalài-; savit-.
kuniun n. tip of the nose.
kunniaq n. pig (an animal that always smells with itsnose). Lit: '[always] smells with its nose'.
kupkaluk- vi. to have something sticky on oneself.
See: kukkit-.
kupkanaq- vi. to be sticky. Variant:kupkatchiññaq-.
kupki n. a piece of something stuck between teeth.
Syn: kukkit-.
kupki- vi. to have something stuck between one's
teeth.
kupki- vt. to pick one's teeth;. Syn: kukkiái-;
kupkiiyaq-.
kupkiiyaq- vt. to remove food from between teeth, topick one's teeth. Syn: kupki-; kukkiái-.
kupsuk- vi. to spoil on the outside (of meat). See:asiäuq-; au-; mamaqsuäniq-; puvlak-.
Variant: kuvsuk-.

113

kuraaq- vi. to look downward.
kurri- vi. to form a river or rivulet of running water(as dripping water makes a little stream). See:kuuk.
kurriaq n. drainage ditch.
kurritñiq n. dry riverbed, dry river channel. See:kuuk. Variant: kurriññiq.
kurugaq n. American pintail duck. Anas acuta.
kuruk- vi. to lower one's head in humility, sadness.
Syn: kutraq-.
kusriàñiq n. drip (liquid falling in drops). Variant:kusiàñiq (C).
kusriàvik n. receptacle for catching dripping water.
Syn: kutchiiáisaq.
kusriiáitchiq- vt. to use a can for catching a drip
(springtime).
kusriq- vi. to drip. Syn: kutit-. Variant: kusiq- (C).
kusrugaq n. icicle. Variant: kusulugaq (C).
kusrugaqtuàvik n. 1) February. 2) the place where
melting snow drips.
kutaaq- vi. to drip continually.
kutchiiáisaq n. receptacle to catch dripping water(e.g. bucket, jar, etc). Syn: kusriàvik.
kutchuàruaq n. hard sticky ear wax.
kutchuq n. 1) resin; spruce gum; pitch. 2) gummy ear
wax.
kutchuq- 1) vi. to misfire (of a gun). 2) to give up
one's plans. Syn: qapiq-; qapquti-.
kutchuun n. chewing gum. Syn: puvliàniq. See:uiáaaksraq; uqummiaq.
kutchuuq n. robin. Turdus migratorius.
kutit- vi. to drip. Syn: kusriq-.
kutraq n. keel (of boat). See: kuyaaq.
kutraq- vi. to bend into a bow, to put one's headlower than one's trunk; to lower head (as whenseeking something). Syn: kuruk-; qumaq-.
Variant: kutraqtuq-.
kuugaatchiaq n. slough or a stream linking a lake toa river. Syn: kuugauraq. See: saquàun.
kuugauraq n. stream; a creek; a brook. Syn:kuugaatchiaq. See: saquàun. Variant:kuugaluk.
kuuàuàmiutaq n. brook trout. Syn: pai.
kuuàuq n. tributary river.
kuuàuuraq n. small channel, connecting one arm of
the river with another.
kuuk n. 1) river. See: kurriññiq. 2) six at cards.
Variant: kuukauraq.
kuukauraq n. six at cards. Variant: kuuk.
kuukpiaq n. coffee.
kuukpiaqtuàvik n. coffeepot.
kuukpirriqi- vt. to brew coffee. Putu,
kuukpirriqillaglugu. Putu, make coffee please.
kuukuaq- vi. to travel by way of river.

kuukukiaq

maanikuukukiaq n. common snipe (Wilson's snipe).

Capella gallinago.
kuulu n. gold.
kuutchiñiq n. rump. Syn: pamialluk;
pamiuàayaaq.
kuutchiq n. pelvis; hips. Variant: kuutchiñaak;ukpatik.
kuuyak- vi. to copulate, to have intercourse. Syn:nulik-. See: nipittaq-.
kuuyyalaq n. trump at cards.
kuvi- vi. to pour; to spill. Syn: usiàaq-. See: miñaq-.
Variant: kuviri-.
kuviàaàvik n. 1) kitchen slop-pail; slop bucket.
Variant: kuviqpik (C). 2) the dump for garbage
and honey buckets. Syn: attat; iksivik;
iktaqaàvik; naaptiàvik.
kuviàaq- vt. to spill something; to pour something.
Syn: kuvi-.
kuviqpik (C) n. kitchen pail, slop bucket. Variant:kuviàaàvik.
kuvlu n. thumb.
kuvluàuq n. to declaw (to remove the claws fromcertain animals).
kuvraksaq n. cotton twine (for making nets).
kuvraq n. 1) fish net. 2) spiderweb.
kuvraq- vi. to get caught (in a net).
kuvraq- vt. to fish with a net. Putu kuvraqtuqtuq.
Putu is fishing (net-using).

kuvraqsruq- vt. to check net.
kuvrauri- vt. to make a fish net. Variant: kuvri-.
kuvri- vt. 1) to make a fish net. Variant: kuvrauri-.
2) to skip a stone over water, to scale a stoneover water.
kuvriñ n. guide-stick for mesh, measuring block formesh when making nets. Syn: iraàuqtuun.
kuvriq- vt. to set a fish net.
kuvriuàun n. twine for fastening a finished net to arope, twine for mending a net.
kuvriuq- vt. to mend a fish net.
kuvsit- vi. to be stingy; to be overly frugal.
kuvviuàvik n. funnel.
kuvviuq- vi. 1) to run (of water). 2) to water plants.
Syn: imaqtiq-; imiqtit-.
kuyaaq n. keel (of boat). Variant: kutraq.
kuyapigatchiat (C) n. fish spines, bony side ofdried fish. Syn: kiyipigaatchiat.
kuyapigauraq n. pulley.
kuyapigaurat n. block and tackle (an apparatus ofpulley blocks and ropes or cables used forhauling and hoisting heavy objects).
kuyapiglugun n. the trapezius (triangular muscles
running from the base of the back part of thehead to the middle of the back).
kuyapikkat n. backbone, spine.

L - llaaq n. lard.
laavlaaq n. Laplander (a person from Northern
Finland or Sweden).

laavlauraq n. trained reindeer herding dog.
lautchiik n. the reins for reindeer. Variant: lautchiq.
-liencl. and so; then; as a result.
Aniiqsauàumuutin-li. And so then, you may
play out. Imiqtaàumautin-li. You should getwater, then.
liàliq n. goose.
-liilaa encl. "sounds like"; "looks like". Taimña

aäunliilaa qichaqmatun. That one looks like a
man standing.
livilivillakpak n. semipalmated sandpiper. Ereunetus
pusillus. Variant: livilivikakpak.
livilivillauraq n. least sandpiper. Erolia minutilla.
Variant: livlivliàauraq.
-lu encl. also, and, inclusive. Papa-lu
iñupianàitchuq. The namesake of Papa is not
an Iñupiaq person.

M - mmaagri- vt. to bother, to needle, to tease, to pester (asto distract). Syn: aavri-; papri-; sanmikãiq-.
maakäa dem.adv. from around here. See: marra.
Variant: maaääa.
maakäaq- vi. to come to around here (focus:
actor).
maakäauti- vt. to take around here (focus: goal).

maani dem.adv. located around here. See: marra.
maaniaäagun through around here somewhere(vialis).

maaniaäani located around here somewhere(locative).

maaniaäaniñ from around here somewhere(ablative).

114

maaääa (C)malài

maaniaäanun toward around here somewhere(terminalis).
maaääa (C) dem.adv. from around here. See:marra. Variant: maakäa.
maaääaq- vi. to come to around here (focus:
actor).
maaääauti- vt. to take around here (focus: goal).
maaq- vi. to howl with pain (of an animal). See:magu-.
maatna excl. expression equivalent to, "Now that thesituation has been corrected you could do better"or "This is better!". Variant: maanna (C);maatnaq.
maatnagutaaq- vt. to delay, to procrastinate. Syn:aatnagutaaq-; aqagutaaq-; ayuqi-;
tikiutchiq-; uvlaakkutaaq-.
maatnakiaq excl. expression of satisfaction aftersomething has been corrected, adjusted or fixed
to one's taste.
maatnatarra excl. expression of (negative) surprise:
Wow!, Look at that! Maatnatarra!
Piágunasrugiruq! Would you look at that! He
thought he could do it (but he didn't)! Variant:maannatavra (C).
maatnugu adv. after a while; wait a while; in awhile. Syn: aqagu. Variant: maatnugun.
magu n. howl (a long mournful sound); wail.
magu- vi. to howl (with a long mournful sound); a
wail. Kayuqtuuraq maguruq aakaäan
unitmauä. The little fox howled when his
mother left him. Qipmiq maguruq
tusaakamiuä amaàuq. The dog howled when
he heard the wolf. See: nipaala-; qunu-.
maàaala- vi. to yowl with pain (of animal). Qipmiq
maàaalaruq anauliqapku. The dog yowled inpain when I hit him.
maàauraq n. game: player tries to make anotherlaugh. Syn: maq; aakkuu.
maàauraq- vi. to play maq. Syn: maq-.
maààaq n. mud, silt, sand. Variant: maààaàauraq.
maààaraaq n. sandbar (a ridge of sand formed by
the action of waves or currents, often
submerged). Syn: ikkalàuq; tapqaq; tirraq.
maààatlaq n. soft mud. Variant: maqqatlaq.
maààutligaq- vi. to disappear (under snow) (object
when thrown); to vanish (from sight). See:taààit-.
mairisit n. medicine; pill. Variant: mairisiq (C);mairriñ (C).
maki- vi. to come loose (of a patch).
makimaq- vi. to become confused about a word (notunderstanding it). Syn: alapiäaaq-;
kinnaqsaq-; qanuàviiq-.
makiq excl. expression used to correct a mistake

115

made by an opponent (e.g. when playing flinch).

makit- vi. to arise; to stand up; to get out of bed. Syn:qichaq-; qikaq-.

makitaaq- vi. to stand firm, to stand immovable.
makitat- vt. to support (also figuratively). Syn:tugliáiq-.

makitati n. support, supporter.
makitiq- vi. to rise quickly; to stand up quickly.
makitqik- vi. to stand up again; to rise again (cf.
resurrection). Syn: aäitqik-.

makkaiq- vi. to run out of diapers.
makkaiq- vt. to take off the diaper.
makkak n. diaper; a sanitary pad.
makkaksraq n. item to be used as a diaper (flannel,etc).

makkaktuq- vi. to use diapers (of a baby or old
person).

makkaqtuun n. training pants (rubberized or
plastic).

makâaaq n. split item (fingernail or wood).
makâak- vi. 1) to stand on end (of animal hair). 2) tobe extremely irritated; to "raise hackles" inanger.
makpiàaaq n. book; page; sheet of paper.
makpiàaaq- vt. to peruse; to look at a book to pageby page; to turn pages slowly.
makpiàaaqaàvik n. bookshelf. Lit: 'place forbooks'. Syn: iááiviurat; qallugauraqaàvik;qakirvik; quliàuaq.
makpiàaq- vi. to keep flipping.
makpiàarriq- vt. to settle an account (bookkeeping).
Lit: 'to do the books'.
makpiq- vt. to flip open. Variant: mikpiq-;
makâuak- (C).
makpiula- vi. to flap in the wind.
maksaq- vt. to lull to sleep.
maksaun n. lullaby.
maksaun excl. "nuisance": an expression used for
one who is an annoyance.
maksi- vi. to become thick (of skin).
maksrik- vi. to rise suddenly; to stand up with a start;
to jump up. Syn: pigliq-. Variant: maksik-.
maksruksaaq n. willow stick with snare attached atend, bent over sqirrel's burrow.
maktak n. whale skin, blubber (edible).
makvak n. 1) jack, at cards, jack, at cards.
2) expression used of someone who is causing
displeasure.
malaraq- vi. to penetrate a willow thicket. See:pula-.
malguti- vt. to follow somebody; to run after
somebody.
malài n. 1) pacific arctic loon. Gavia arctica.
2) twin.

malàimalàik set of twins.
malài- vt. to give birth to twins; to be pregnant with

twins. Variant: malàiruq-.
malàui- vi. to be divided (of people).
malàuiáik n. item with a double seam.
malàuiqsuaq- vi. to repeat, to do things twice.
Variant: malàuiqsruq-.
malàuk n. two (the number). Syn: aipaak.
malàukipiaq n. forty.
malàukipiaq qulit n. fifty.
malàulik n. 1) double barreled shotgun. 2) twomasted boat.
malàuutaq- vi. to do things in pairs; to serve in
twos. See: payuk-.
malàuutchi- vt. to sew a double seam.
maligiik- vi. to be close together; to travel one rightbehind another. Syn: kiñuàaqâiàiik-;tunulliàiik-; iiguliktit-; uuyuliktit-.
maliàuaqti n. follower; a disciple.
maliàut- vt. to follow (order, command).
maliàutaksrakuaqtuaq- vi. to be lawful.
maliàutaksraq n. law, order to follow. Lit: 'whatought to be followed'. Syn: atuqtaksraq;
pitqun; iñuuniaqqun. See: aäalarrutiksraq.
malik- vt. to follow another.
malikkaq- to immediately follow; to follow
without hesitation.
malilgunait- to be unable to follow someone.
malikkataq- vt. to chase, to pursue. Aikãiqsuktit
tigligaqti malikkataàaat. The police are
pursuing the thief. Variant: malikkatai-.
maliksi- vt. to give birth shortly after previous birth(as one year apart or less).
maliksuaguti- vi. to yield, to agree with someone's
tempting, to give way to persuasion or entreaty.
Variant: maliäuàuti-.
maliksuaq- vi. to be suggestible, to be readily
influenced.
maliksuktitau- vi. to be convinced; to be
persuaded. See: ayuàaksaq-; iáamat-;kayuäiaq-; uqayut-.
maliktuq- vi. to sob; to gasp after crying hard.
maliäuàuti- vi. to yield, to agree with someone's
tempting, to give way to persuasion or entreaty.
Variant: maliksuaguti-; maliäuàutri-.
maliqsruq- vt. to follow someone, to tag along:accompany.
malliài- vt. to follow a person. Variant: malliq-.
malliq- vt. to follow a person's suggestions, to be
dependent on someone. Syn: malik-.
mallit- vi. to be unable to keep up; to fall behind.
malukak n. rabid animal.
malukak- vi. to be rabid (of animal). See: qiiqsruq-.
malukali- vi. to become rabid.

manigaaàaq
malukkagi- vi. to doubt the quality of one's work; tobe embarrassed about one's work. Syn: qikigi-;
suqpagi-.
maluknaq- vi. to be odd, to be peculiar, to be
eccentric; to have a recognizable fault, to be
impaired. Variant: maluänaq-.
mamaaq n. the gums of a whale; the material
holding baleen.
mamaiáiaq n. sulfur. Syn: kakavyaänaqtauq.
mamait- vi. to taste bad; to smell bad or strong. Syn:
mamaqsuäniq-. See: tiggaänit-; uqsruaànit-.
mamaq- vi. to taste good, to smell good (of food).
mamaqsuäniq- vi. 1) to smell bad. Syn: mamait-.
2) to spoil. Syn: asiäuq-; maqu-; piiñàiq-;puvlak-. See: kupsuk-.
mamaun n. udder. Variant: mamaiáuqqutaq.
mamàuuk n. long skin pants with fur inside.
mamiagi- vt. to hurt emotionally, to offended by
criticism. Syn: quaqsaaqtit-.
mamianaq- vi. to be annoying, to be irritating, to be
offensive.
mamiat- vi. to be offended by criticism (lessextreme than qivit-), to be hurt emotionally.
See: qivit-.
mamiatchak- vt. to cause someone to sulk. Variant:mamiatchai-.
mamiiqsi- vt. to take membrane off a skin, to scrapea hide. Syn: amiiàruk-; aäula-; ikuk-;kiáigaq-; kiááiuqtaq-; mamiiq-; mitquiq-;
qisiiq-; sakipsi-; uqsruiyaq-. See: amiiqsi-.
mamiit- vi. to be well-balanced emotionally, to bestable (not be easily offended). See:
ilitqusiàiit-; tuniqtu-.
mamilik n. caribou-fur boot worn with the fur inside(oiled to make it it water-tight). Syn:imaàniqqun; ipialik; iqaqâik; kamigruak;
kivluaq; qaqâik; ulitchuiáaq.
mamiq n. membrane, scraped from dried animal skin(used in old days as a bandage). used in old days
as a bandage. See: qiaq.
mamit- vi. to heal (sore, cut, etc.).
mamitaksraq n. bandage. Variant: mamitaq.
mamitaq- vt. to apply a bandage. Variant: mamitai-.
mamitchuiáaq n. person with incurable disease, aleper. See: auyugaqtualik.
manaq n. 1) seal hook, line to which seal hook is
attached. 2) jig for fishing tomcod.
manaqtuq- vi. 1) to hook seal, to use seal hook. 2) to
jig for tomcod, to use a jig for fishing tomcod.
manat n. three-pronged hook (often used for tomcod).
mani- vt. to present; to display; expose. Syn: kilik-;kiliktuq-; salapqiq-; satqummiq-.
manigaaàaq n. steep rise (mountain). Syn:mayuàiaq.

116manigaq-

maääuqmanigaq- vt. to gamble; to bet.
maniiáaq n. 1) even ground (without any tussocks).

2) bankrupt person, broke person (without
money). Lit: 'without money'. 3) steep cliff.
maniiq- vi. to become bankrupt; to run out of money.
Syn: maniit-; mialuk-.
maniit- vi. to be bankrupt, to have no money. Syn:maniiq-; mialuk-.
manik n. money, gold, precious metal.
maniksuq- vi. to be extravagant; to spend a lot ofmoney.
maniliqiri n. banker, accountant; money exchanger.
manimmi- 1) vi. to be stoic, to be impassive, toendure something unpleasant, to accept reproachwithout a word. 2) to leave exposed.
manimmiágun n. patience; impassivity. Syn:anuqsruâiq.
maniññak- vi. to receive money; to become rich.
maniññaäniq n. source of income, money-maker.
maniäñiaàvik n. land for prospecting.
maniäñiaqti n. prospector.
maniäñiq n. mountain slope, hill side, slope facing
the sun.
maniq n. 1) tussock, clump grass, moss. Variant:maniàaaq; maniàruaq. 2) the hot side of astove.
maniuraq n. coin.
manna dem.pron. this one around here (Absolutive,
sing.). Suviksraiáaaq manna. This here (is) a
desert. Manna pisutlaiáaaq mamititkauruq.
This lame man was healed. Syn: una. See:matkuak, matkua.
marruma this one around here (Relative, sing.).
Variant: mattuma.
marrumani this one around here (locative).
Variant: mattumani.
marrumuäa toward this one around here
(terminalis). Variant: mattumuäa.
marrumakäa from this one around here
(ablative). Variant: mattumaääa.
marrumuuna through this one around here
(vialis). Variant: mattumuuna.
marrumatun like this one around here(similaris). Variant: mattumatun.
marrumiäa this one around here, with this one
around here (modalis). Variant: mattumiäa.
manna mannaa n. game of tag (two teams eachhave a home base and a jail circle. The object is
to circle the opposing team's home base andreturn home without being tagged. A player is
put in the jail circle if he is tagged and can betaken out only if a member of his team runs into
the jail and frees him. The player is considered"safe" if he enters the opposite team's home base117

before being tagged. The team with thehighestscore wins.).
manna mannaaq- vi. to play a game of manna
mannaa.
mannik n. egg.
manniáiqqun n. egg beater.
mannisaq n. shield.
mannisaq- vt. 1) to shield oneself. 2) to protect
oneself behind another person, to protect oneself(using something for a shield). Syn: mannisigi-;
saamiutaq-; uluàiaq-.
mannisigi- vt. to protect oneself (using something
for a shield). Syn: mannisaq-; saamiutaq-.
mannium sauniäa n. eggshell.
manäaiqsruq- vi. to cringe, to flinch, to tense up.
See: siqquqsi-; tupinäa-.
manäait- vi. to be afraid, to be fearful. Syn:
ataniqsraq-; tataigi-.
manäatchak- vt. to cause someone to tense up, tocause someone to cringe. Variant:manäatchai-.
manäiaq n. wrist guard (made of bone and worn byarchers).
manäuq- vi. 1) to thaw (meat). 2) to decrease. See:mikâi- ; uvlik-. Variant: manäuqsi-.
manäuqsi vi. to thaw (of food), to defrost.
manäuqsiq- vt. to thaw something.
manäuqsirriuti- vt. to defrost, to cause to thaw, to
set out for thawing.
manu n. the front side (of a shirt or a parka).
manuàlu n. frost on the ruff (around face). Syn:kaniq.
manuàluli- vi. to form frost around the face, tobecome covered with frost. See: kaniq-.
manuàmik- vt. to carry something under one's chin.
manuàun n. 1) neckband (for keeping chin and neckwarm). 2) fur around one's mouth for protection
from cold. 3) bib, to protect from dribbling. Syn:manuiááisaq.
manuluk- vi. to drool, to drivel, to slobber, to slaver,to have a wet shirt or parka front.
manusiññak n. front strips on parka yoke (tuskdesign). See: nigraq. Variant: manusriññak.
manusuk- vt. to protect one's chin inside the parka.
maäiaq- vi. to fall down face first. Syn: kunikkaq-.
Variant: maäik-; mikik- (C).
maäiaq- vt. to tear off food (with teeth), to bite offfood (without using a knife), to gnaw on. See:kigiq-; kiämaq-; kipchaq-; ugiaq-.
maäiksaq n. bone already gnawed; a bone, still withmeat to chew on. Syn: kipchaq.
maääuat n. ancestors (of very long ago). See:amauq; sivulliat.
maääuq n. 1) foundation ; a root. 2) dug-out (shelter).

maäukmaäuk- vt. 1) to thrust, to drive, to ram, to propel.

2) to throw something into the fire (C). Variant:maäui-.
mapkuluk- vi. to crack, to snap. Variant:mapkuqtaq-.
mapkuq n. blanket-tossing skin.
mapkuq- vt. 1) to gather one's strength. 2) to make asound: popping, snapping, bursting.
mapkuqtaq n. crack (sharp, snapping sound). Syn:mapkuluk-.
mapkuqtaun n. whip.
mapkuqtit- vt. to snap something (e.g. a whip).
mapkutit- vi. to slap hard with its tail (of beaver).
Syn: siqiãhatit-. See: patik-.
mapkuummi- vi. 1) to be enthusiastic. 2) to be at
one's peak of performance.
mapqaq- vt. to detonate, to discharge (weapon).
mapqaqtit- vi. to make the sound of an explosion.
mapqaqtuq n. the sound of a gun, of an explosion.
Syn: imiak.
mapsa 1) n. overhanging snowdrift (ready to fall).
2) the pancreas. Variant: mapsaq; mavsa;
mavsaq.
mapsaq- vt. to sing a lullaby to a baby; to lull tosleep. Syn: aqak-.
mapsaun n. lullaby. Syn: aqaun.
mapsiq- vi. to convalesce (recovering from sickness),to recuperate. Syn: iâuaqsi-; surruiq-.
maptiàaq n. log cabin.
maptu- vi. to be thick.
maptukit- vi. to be thin and flat.
maptukâi- vt. to make a skin thin, to scrape a skinuntil it is thin. Syn: saakâi-.
maq excl. "Quiet!" (a word called out to begin thegame maàauraq). See: maàauraq.
maqamit- vt. to shoot a game animal unexpectedly.
Variant: maqamitchi-.
maqi- vi. 1) to drip, to leak out. Syn: imaqi-; iñàaq-;siiàñiq-. 2) to ooze, to be wet. Variant:imaàiak-; kiñiq-; siiqsuq-.
maqik- vt. portage a qayaq on one's shoulders. See:pituàaq-; timaut-.
maqimik- vt. to push up, to press up.
maqinàuâiq n. Monday.
maqisaàvik n. spring, source, fountain; well. Syn:suvliktuaq. See: kaäi.
maqqatlak n. soft mud, soft white stone (pulverized,
used for tanning). Syn: maààatlaq. Variant:maqqaââak.
maqsraluk n. waterfall. Syn: quàluqtaq.
maqsraluk- vi. to babble, to make a continuous low,murmuring sound, as flowing water. Syn:quàluq-.
maqu- vi. 1) to spoil (food); to be destroyed. Syn:mauasiäuq-; mamaqsuäniq-; piiñàiq-; puvlak-.
2) to quarrel.
maqut- vt. to destroy. Syn: akat-; piyaquq-;
siqumit-; suksraunàiq-. Variant: miqut-.
maquyak n. 1) soft snow, wet snow. Syn:aqiáuqqaq; miáik. 2) soft spot. Syn:aqiáuqqaq; aqayak; mauya.
marra dem.adv. around here: visible,
moving/extended. Syn: uvva. See: maani,
mauäa, maakäa (maaääa), mauna - seecharts.
masuqutaq n. plant of Eskimo potato.
masrik n. the gills of a fish. Variant: masik (C).
masru n. Eskimo potato, edible root: Parry's
wallflower. Parrya nudicaulis. Syn: aiàaq;
nakautaq; nivi. See: pikniq; utqiq. Variant:masu (C).
matchaaq n. mush, cooked oatmeal cereal. Variant:massaq (C).
matchaktiq- vt. to moisten. Syn: misaktiq-.
matkua dem.pron. these here (plural). Syn: ukua.
matkunani located at these here (locative).
matkunuäa toward these here (terminalis).
matkunakäa from these here (ablative). Variant:matkunaääa (C).
matkunuuna through these here (vialis).
matkunatun like these here (similaris).
matkuniäa these here, with these here (modalis).
matkuak dem.pron. these two here (dual). Syn:ukuak.
matkuänaäni these two here (locative).
matkuänuäa toward these two here
(terminalis).
matkuänakäa from these two here (ablative).
Variant: matkuänaääa (C).
matkuänuuna through these two here (vialis).
matkuänaktun like these two here (similaris).
matkuäniäa these two here, with these two here(modalis).
matäait- vi. to be tough (of meat), to be difficult tochew.
mattaaq- vi. to wear no outer coat. See: mattaq-.
mattaq- vi. to undress, to remove outer garments.
mattaq- vt. to remove the harness from dogs.
mattaqtit- vi. to loosen oneself, to free oneself fromrestraint (e.g. dog from its collar).
matu n. cover; a lid.
matu- vt. to cover with a lid. Variant: matutaq-.
matulik vi. to be covered with a lid (container).
matutaq n. 1) fowling net. 2) cover, shield (e.g.
bandage over eye).
matutaq- vt. 1) to cover anything. Variant: matu-.
2) to use a fowling net.
mau- vi. to sink with feet into soft ground, mud, snow118maugaq-miksraut-

or a hole. Syn: aqayaqisaaq-; mauraàaq-;mauyaqisaaq-; muàruk- (C).
maugaq- vi. to walk through deep, soft snow. Syn:mauyaqqisaaq-.
mauliq- vi. to step into a pothole, waterhole or softmud.
mauna dem.adv. through around here. See: marra.
maunaaq- vi. to travel through around here.
maunaq n. trap entrance.
maunni- vi. to develop callus on heels.
maunniq n. callus, localized thickening of skin onheel.
mauäa dem.adv. to around here, toward around here.
See: marra.
mauäatmun dem.adv. toward around here.
mauäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward aroundhere (focus: direction). Putu mauäatmuktuq.
Putu is heading around here.
mauäaq- vi. to come around here (focus: actor).
mauäauti- vt. to take around here (focus: goal).
mauqsruq- vi. to walk toward open water; to go
hunting on the ice. Syn: maut-.
mauraàaq n. small piece of ice used as steppingstone.
mauraàaq- vi. 1) to cross open water by jumping
from one ice floe to the next. 2) to sink into mud
or snow as one tries to walk across. Syn:aqayaqisaaq-; mau-; mauyaqisaaq-;
muàruk-.
maut- vi. to walk toward open water; to go hunting
on the ice. Syn: mauqsruq-.
mauya n. soft spot; deep, soft snow or dirt (breakthrough condition). Syn: maquyak; aqiáuqqaq.
Variant: mauyaànaq.
mauyaànaq n. soft spot; deep, soft snow or dirt
(break-through condition). Syn: maquyak;
aqiáuqqaq. Variant: mauya.
mauyaànaq- vi. to walk through soft snow, soft sand,etc. Syn: akiáuqqaq; mauya.
mauyaliq- vi. to become soft and deep (of snow).
mauyaqiñaq- vi. to be soft, to yield readily topressure (of deep snow or soft sand).
mauyaqisaaànaq n. marsh (spongy, soft, wet land).
Syn: aqayaqisaaq. See: imaqhaq.
mauyaqisaaq- vi. 1) to sink in, to mire (become
stuck in mire). Syn: aqayaqisaaq-; mau-;mauraàaq-; muàruk-. 2) to wade through soft
snow (sinking in and laboring hard).
mavruuq- vt. to heal someone.
mayuala- vi. to rise higher (of moon). Variant:mayuallak-.
mayualik- vi. to climb up on person, to jump to aperson (of puppy or a dog). Syn: mayuqtuàaq-.
mayualik- vt. to tease a dog playfully.

119

mayuallak- vi. 1) to rush in (of cold air). 2) to risehigher (of moon). Variant: mayuala-.

mayuayuk n. small shee fish.
mayuàautit n. stairs, steps. Syn: tutipqich.
mayuàiaq n. steep slope. Syn: manigaaàaq.
mayuq- vi. to climb, to ascend, to scale. Syn:
akpak-; pakiñik-; qiàaqtaq-.

mayuqi- vi. to pull up (one's pants). See: kiviqi-.
mayuqtuàaq- vi. to climb up on a person, to jump toa person (of puppy or a dog). Variant:mayualik-.
mayuuàauraaq- vi. to undulate, to go up and down
(as with waves). See: atmukpuuq;
qunmukpuuq. Variant: malliuq-.
mayuuttaq n. ladder.
-mi encl. then; I don't know.
Kisuunasrukniaqpiñmiuvva? Who do you
think you are, eh? Kiña-mi niàigisiva? And
who will eat then?
mialuk- vi. 1) to lack food. Syn: kaak-; niàisuk-.
See: amikkit-; naalgiuk-; susruksiu-. 2) to be
impoverish, to be poor. Syn: maniiq-; maniit-.
mialuksaq- vt. to make poor, to impoverish, topauperize.
mialuksi- vi. to become impoverished.
miàaruuraq n. suckling [baby, infant]. Miiyuum
miàaruurani miluktinnialagaa. Miiyuk tries
to nurse her baby. Syn: aniqammiuraq.
miàianäu- vi. to be nauseated, to be incapable ofholding food down. Syn: iáummiutaqatlaiq-.
miàiaq n. vomit (matter ejected from the stomach
through the mouth). Syn: uàiaq-; ulittaq-.
miàiaq- vi. to vomit (to eject the contents of thestomach). Syn: suäaàuuti-; uàiaq-.
miàiaqsaayuk n. parasitic jaeger. Stercorarius
parasiticus.
miàvigi- vi. to be selfish, to be unwilling to share, tobe stingy. See: anniqsraq-; iàáiktu-.
miàvisuk- vi. to be unwilling to pay the asked price,
to be unwilling to trade what one has, to be
penurious.
miisuk n. burlap sack, burlap bag. Syn: aluaqsaun;
puukataq. Variant: miitchuk.
miki- vi. to be small.
mikigaq n. fermented whale mixture (made of
blubber, meat and blood, aged for taste insideseal skin poke).
mikigaun n. sealskin poke (or other container) for
aging mikigaq.
mikiáàaq n. the ring finger; the fourth finger.
mikâi- vi. to decrease, to become smaller. Syn:
manäuq-; uvlik-.
mikâiaq (C) n. the umbilical cord. See: ipiuttaq.
miksraut- vt. to estimate.

milaasiq
milaasiq n. molasses. Variant: milaatchiq.
milik n. stopper; plug.
milik- vt. to plug; to close an opening (e.g. air hole);
to turn off (e.g. radio). Variant: mulik-.

miliqqutipkaq n. ice-bound boat. Variant:muqqutipkaq (C).

millit- vi. to become stained from being wet a longtime.

milluaq- vt. to suck (of baby). Syn: iguk-; miluk-.
millugaun n. straw, tube for transferring liquids.
Syn: iguun. Variant: milluktuun.

milluktuun n. tube for transferring liquids, straw.
Syn: iguun. Variant: millugaun.

milugiaq n. 1) sucker fish. 2) horse_fly.

Oedemagena tarandi. Syn: miluyuuq.

milugiatchiaq n. gnat (tiny mosquito), white-socks
fly. See: kirgaviatchauraq; quunniàñaq.

miluguiq- vi. to be weaned, to stop taking milk at thebreast or udder. Variant: miluäaiq-.

milugutik n. brassiere.
milugvik 1) n. mouthpiece of tobacco pipe. 2) nippleof bottle. Syn: muluk.

miluiáisaq n. protective pad (for lactating females).
miluk n. 1) nipple of a breast; whole breast. Syn:mulu; qipmiuraq. 2) milk (from breast or
udder). Syn: immuk.
miluk- vt. to suck. Aniqqamiuraq miluktuq
mamaäan miluäamiñ. The newborn sucked(milk) from her mother's breast.
Miluksiviñauraqtuäa. I took one strong dragfrom it (e.g. pipe). Syn: iguk-; milluaq-.
milukataq n. leaf (any kind). Syn: akutuqpalik.
miluksuun n. baby bottle.
miluksuutituq- vi. to drink from a bottle. Variant:milluutituq-.
miluktit- vt. to suckle; to breast-feed; to nurse a baby
with a bottle. Syn: amaamak-. Variant:miluktitchi-.
miluyuuq n. caribou botfly; horse fly. Oedemagena
tarandi. Syn: milugiaq.
miáik n. very soft snow. Syn: aqiáuqqaq; maquyak.
miááuun n. item that was thrown.
miáuàiuti- vt. 1) to throw carelessly. 2) to flingoneself onto something. Variant: miluqhiuti-.
miáuq- vt. to hit with a thrown object, to reach with ablow. Variant: miáuqsi-.
miáuuq- vi. to throw things, to pitch baseball. See:miáuutaksraq.
miáuutaksraq n. item used for throwing. See:miáuuq-.
minàuiqsiaàvik n. rest day, period of quiet orinactivity; Sunday. Syn: iñiqtuiqsiaq; savaiãiq.
minàuiqsiaq- vi. to rest, to be temporarily quiet orinactive.

miquminàuiqsiãiq (C) n. Sunday.
minàuliq- vi. to become tired quickly.
minàuq- vi. 1) to be very tired, to be exhausted; tofeel fatigue. Syn: iñiqtuq-; qiaâiq-; sakniuq-.
Variant: minàuqtuq-. 2) to groan (because ofbeing tired).
minàuuti- vi. to grow tired of something or
someone; to groan about. Syn: aàiu-.
mini- vt. to omit, to fail to include.
minäala- vi. to jump up and down excitedly.
minäiq- vi. to jump.
minäuq n. beetle.
miñaq n. leftover, remnant or unused portion (taken
home from another place; something put away
for somebody else). Syn: akkutchiaq; iáaku;kisiäuqtaq; sippaq.
miñaq- vt. 1) to save, to set aside for someone. Syn:sanivaq-. 2) to slop oneself (spill food on one's
clothes). See: kuvi-.
miñiàutipkaq- vi. to become icebound (of a boat).
miñik n. 1) mist (a mass of fine droplets of water in
the atmosphere); a drizzle (a fine, gentle, mistyrain). 2) splash (made by a fish or thrownobject).
miñik- vi. 1) to mist, to be obscured by mist. Syn:uyuniq-. 2) to make a splash (from fish or
thrown object).
miñikula- vi. to drizzle (to rain gently in fine, mistlike
drops).
miñugluk n. stain, blot, smear (a mark made bysmearing). Variant: miäugluk.
miñugluk- vi. to be stained, to be spotted; to besmeared. Variant: miäugluk-.
miñuk- vt. 1) to smear with hands. Syn: piàuaq-.
Variant: miäuk-. 2) to color. Syn: aglak-;titiq-. 3) to mark. Syn: nalunaiqsi-;
nalunaitäutchiq-.
miñulàun n. paint. Variant: miäulàun.
miñulàutit n. paintbrush. Variant: miäuliun.
miñuliq- vt. to paint, to coat with paint. Variant:miäuliq-.
miäuluk- vi. to rub, to apply ointment, to massage.
See: qasiái-; uqsruqtiq-.
miäuluun n. antiseptic, external treatment for wound(iodine, etc.).
mipkuliaq n. ugruk meat, hung up to dry. See:ugruk.
mipkuq n. 1) dried ugruk meat. 2) drumstick, thighof fowl.
miqilàuq n. middle finger, third finger.
miqâiqtuq (C) n. child. Syn: illiliàaaq;iáaalugruaq; iáiágaaq; qitunàaq. Variant:miqâiqtuuraq.
miqu- vi. to urinate in bed (of a sick person).

120

miqut-mitquiq-miqut- vi. to spoil, to make unfit for usage. Variant:maqut-.

miquyaqtuq- vi. to go to urinate.
mirvik n. landing strip for landing an airplane.

Variant: mitchaaàvik.
mirvikpak n. airfield; jet terminal. Syn:mitchaaàvik.
misaiq n. dry mouth; dried up item.
misak- vi. to be damp; to be slushy; to be swampy.
Variant: mitchak-.
misak- vt. to moisten one's lips. Variant: misraktaq-;
misakpatit-; misrakpatit-.
misaktiàun n. tool to moisten something. Variant:misraktiàun.
misaktiq n. ice sled runners. Syn: aglu;
apummaak; misaktiq; siku; sikkuk. See:misaktiq-.
misaktiq- vt. to moisten. Variant: matchaktiq-;
misraktiq-.
misallak- vi. to be damp (enough to form snowballs).
Variant: misrallak-.
misaâhak n. 1) slushy top of young salt water ice.
2) swamp, water-soaked ground. Syn: imaqhaq.
Variant: misraâhak.
misauti- vi. to become wet from slush, damp snow.
Variant: mitchauti-.
misigaq- n. to hop.
misigi- vt. to expect.
misiàaaq n. seal oil (rendered from blubber, fordipping meat). Syn: uqsruq.
misiàaaq- vi. to dip in seal oil, to use seal oil as a dip
for meat. See: kiñit-.
misiàarriuq- vt. to make seal oil from blubber. Syn:uqsri-.
misik- vi. 1) to leap straight up. Syn: nutik-. 2) tojump down from low height. Iyaalugruich
misigauraqtut. The children are playing
jumping off. Syn: pirik-. 3) to jump acrosssomething.
misikaaàaq n. black-capped chickadee. Parus
atricapillus. Variant: misikaaqqauraq.
misiksri- vt. to watch over; to attend reindeer. Syn:qaunaksri-; munaqsri-.
misiksriri n. reindeer herder. Syn: munaqsri.
Variant: misiksrirauq.
misiksruq- vi. to wait; to watch for people. Syn:iäiuq-; utaqqi-.
misiktiq- vt. to jump upon something.
misiq n. saliva.
misuàuq n. 1) juice, soft drink. 2) wine. Variant:misruàuq.
misuàuqtuun n. 1) bottle. 2) tumbler.
misuiq- vi. to become pale. Variant: misruiq-.
misuit- vi. to be pale. Syn: asiäuäa-. Variant:121

misruit-.

misuk- vi. to dip. Variant: misruk-; misruktaq-.
misuktaun n. ink pen, fountain pen. Variant:misruktaun.

misuligruaq n. mixture of rain and snow (becomes
sleet). Variant: misruligruaq.

misulik n. sleet. Variant: misrulik.
misuq n. 1) the sap of tree. 2) juice from whale meat

being cured (by salting, smoking, or aging).
Variant: misruq.
misrak n. 1) waterlogged snow, slush. 2) wet
ground, swamp. 3) dampness. Variant: misak(C).
misruàuq n. soft drink; juice. Syn: imiàaaq.
misruit- vi. to be pale. Syn: asriäuäa-. Variant:misuit-.
mit- vi. to land (of a bird or plane). Syn: mitchaaq-.
mitaaàun n. joke.
mitaaàutigi- vi. to joke about; to joke with.
mitaaq- vt. to joke; to tell (tall) stories. Syn:sanmiraq-; sagluuqtuaq-.
mitaiáaq n. 1) deep water. 2) snow, covering open
water on ice. 3) foggy weather.
mitait- vi. to be deep.
mitautigi- vt. to deride, to make fun of. Iñuich
Putu mitautigigaat. People made fun of Putu.
mitautiqaq- vt. to deride, to make fun of. Iñuich
mitautiqaqtut Putumik. People laughed at
Putu.
mitauttu- vi. to mock often, to mock much.
mitchaaàvik n. airport, airfield, landing strip. Syn:mirvik.
mitchaaq- vi. to land (of an airplane). Syn: mit-.
mitchauraq n. decoy (duck, goose, etc.).
mitchiq- vi. to become damp, to become wet.
mitchiuq- vt. to lie in wait for ducks. See: iäiuqâiq-;itchuq-.
mitchuq- vi. to have just landed.
mitiglaaq- vi. to bounce, to hop. Syn: qipsak-.
mitiglagaqtuaq n. grasshopper, locust.
mitigligaun n. bone catapult used for hurling stones.
mitigrak- vi. to bounce, to rebound; to ricochet.
mitilugruaq n. emperor goose. Philacte canagica.
mitiq n. male eider duck. Syn: aànaviaq.
mitlik n. whittling knife (long knife with curved steel
blade for carving on inside of skin boat frame).
mitäaq- vi. to wiggle around.
mitqiáuaqqi- vi. to lose hair (of skin being used as amattress).
mitqitqik n. 1) fur-shedding animal. 2) fur, shed froman animal.
mitquiq- vt. to remove hair (body or animal hair); to
scrape hair off skin. Syn: amiiàruk-; aäula-;
ikuk-; kiáigaq-; kiááiuqtaq-; mamiiq-;

mitqunnaalaànitqaiàik-

qipuktuq-; qisiiq-; sakipsi-; uqsruiyaq-;
iàisaq-; iàitchaq-; utit-. Variant: mitquiqsi-.
mitqun n. needle. Variant: miqsruun (C).
mitquääualik n. artificial fur.
mitquq n. feather; animal fur.
mitqut n. pubic hair, body hair.
mitqutaiáaq n. arctic tern. Sterna paradisaea.
mitquvyualik (C) n. fabrics with some nap (suchas velvet or flannel).
mittau- vi. to be omitted when something is being
passed out.
mittu n. slush ice (appearing thick but being
dangerous). Syn: qinu; muàalliq.
miullaq n. bar of soap.
muayugi- vt. to feel repulsed by. Variant: muayuk-.
muayutchak- vi. to become disgusted.
muàalliq n. slush ice. Syn: qinu; mittu.
muàrak n. floating mass (not suitable for walking).
See: puktaaq; puptaaq.
muàruk- (C) vi. to sink into soft ground, mud, orsnow when walking. Syn: mau-; mauraàaq-;mauyaqisaaq-;.
mukkaaksraq n. wheat.
mukkaaligaaq n. gravy: any mixture processedwith flour.
mukkaaq n. flour. Syn: palauvak.
mukpak- vi. to dive (of a sea mammal whose bodyarches high out of water). See: puqhuq-.
mulik n. diaphragm; separating membrane.
mulik- vt. to close an opening (e.g. air hole); to turnoff (e.g. radio). Variant: milik-.
mulluqtu- vi. to linger, to be dilatory, to be stayaway longer than intended habitually. Variant:mulu-.
mulu 1) n. absence (long time) from home. 2) nippleof a breast. Syn: miluk. 3) blade of a paddle.
mulu- vi. to be absent. Suvaata
muluvaaââakmagaan iáuani
agaayyuvikpaum. [Wondering] why he stayed
inside the temple so long.
muluu- absent, to be ~ (short while).

muluk n. nipple for a baby bottle. Syn: milugvik.
mumiànak n. tree root; a stump. Syn: kikkaq. See:kikiniq.

mumiiri n. translator. See: iiguuqti; uuyuuqti.
Variant: mumiksiri.

mumik- vi. 1) to turn over. Syn: pusit-.
mumikkaâuak- to turn over suddenly.
mumiksaq- to turn over repeatedly. 2) to repent.
Syn: isrummitqi-.

mumik- vt. 1) to translate. 2) to undergo a characterchange. Variant: mumiksi-.

mumiksaq n. translated text.
mumiksimaaqtauq n. convert, someone who
experienced a change of mind.

mumiksiri n. translator. See: iiguuqti; uuyuuqti.
Variant: mumiiri.

mumiâiq n. repentance.
mumiäasi- vi. to assume a nocturnal routine; tobecome a "night owl". Variant: mumiäasri-.

mumiq n. the upper thigh; a hindquarter of a caribou.
Syn: anautaq; niqivik; ukpatik. See: uati.

mumiqqaq- vi. to change direction (of wind). See:
saqutit-.

munaài- vt. to watch over; to take care of. Syn:qaunagi-; qaunaksri-. Variant: munaksri-.

munaqnaq n. person needing supervision.
munaqnaq- vi. 1) to be dangerous, to be perilous, tobe hazardous. 2) to be watchful, to be cautious.

munaqsraq n. herd (group of animals to bewatched).

munaqsri n. watchman, guardian, caretaker,

herdsman. Syn: kaäiàaàmiu; kaäiàaàmiutaq;
misiksriri.
munaqsri- vt. to watch over (as a shepherd over his
flock); to take care of. Syn: misiksri-;
qaunaksri-.
munatqiit- vi. to be careless, to be unmindful, to bethoughtless, to be feckless.
muqâuk- vi. to have light snow on ruff.
muqpauraq n. doughnut; a biscuit.

N - n
na-

base. base for direction words.
Napmuäniaqpich? To where are you going?
nakiñ where from?
naktiña where from?
naa n. the finish line; the end.
naa- vi. to end, to come to an end, to run out. Syn:isukâit-; upaluq-.
naa- vt. to finish, to bring to an end, to complete.
naagaqaa conj. or.

naagga excl. No! (Used to express refusal, denial,disbelief, emphasis, or disagreement, used much
more sparingly than 'no' in English). Syn:naumi! ; qaäaa! See: amiumaa!
naaàaayiq n. northern wood frog. Rana sylvatica.
naalaàluk- vi. to hear rumors.
naalaàni- vi. to listen. Variant: naalaq-.
naalaànitqaiàik- vi. to listen intensely, to pay
attention. Syn: upit-.

122

naalaq-nagruiáaq

naalaq- vi. to listen. Variant: naalaàni-.
naalgiuk- vt. to lack something. Syn: susruksiu-.

naggun n. 1) cause for growth (natural). 2) interest

naaluääiaq n. elf, goblin (in Eskimo legend, little

nagguvik n. hometown (the place where one grows

See: amikkit-; mialuk-.

person with a big head and diapers who travels
by bouncing on his hips and whose cry scares
people (foreshadows bad event when heard).
Syn: aaàaayiq; iàaaq.
naama excl. enough! ; sufficient!
naama- vi. to have sufficient supplies, to haveenough. See: naammak-.
naamait- vi. to be insufficient; to be unfinished. See:naamanàit-; naasrimait-.
naamaniqâiuq- vi. to be short of something. Syn:
inuqtuuti-.
naamauraq n. portion, little portion.
naami quest. where?
naammagiik- vi. to be of identical size.
naammak n. the exact amount; needed supplies.
See: suàautat.
naammak- vi. 1) to be sufficient; to be the rightamount (money). 2) to fit just right (of clothes).
Syn: naama-.
naanäiq- vi. to hop on one foot (once). Variant:naatäiq-.
naanäiraq- to hop on one foot (repeatedly).
naaäit- vi. to have a flat belly.
naaptiàun n. receptacle for trash or dry dirt.
naaptiàvik n. dumping place (for trash, dirt, etc).
Syn: iksivik; iktaqaàvik; kuviàaàvik.
naaqsunäu- vi. to be glutted, to feel overly full after
eating.
naaqtu- vi. to have a pot belly. See: naaäit-.
naarrun n. ending: finishing piece or part.
naasaaq- vi. 1) to finish; to end; to stop. 2) tobecome entrapped; to get tangled.
naat- vi. to be caught; to be snagged; to get tangled.
naat- vt. to finish, to complete, to conclude a task.
Variant: naatchi-.
naataq n. 1) great grey owl. Strix nebulosa. 2) thebogey man (imaginary person to scare children).
Iirigii, naataq aatchigaaä! Oh, no! The bogey
man will scare you!
naataqpak n. barred owl. Strix varia.
naatchi- vt. to finish one's job; to conclude a task.
Syn: iluqnaq-. Variant: naat-.
naatäiq- vi. to hop on one foot (once). Variant:naanäiq-.
naatäiraq- to hop on one foot (repeatedly).
naavit- vi. to spill (of a non-liquid substance, e.g.
sugar, flour, etc).
naggiñ n. smell; odor. Syn: nai ; tipi.
naggisait- vi. to have no sense of smell.
nagguksraun n. fertilizer: compound to promote

123

growth; manure. Variant: nagguksaun (C).
from stocks (finance).

up). Syn: pamiàvik. 2) place where one nurses(e.g. a baby); a greenhouse (where one cultivatesplants).
nagguviksraiq- vt. to choke, to check or slow down
the movement, growth. Syn: irukkai-; nunu-.
See: tivit-; tivrusiq-.
nagguviksraq n. bud; budding growth.
nagi- vt. to smell something. Variant: nai-.
nagligi- vt. to pity; to feel sorry for; to havecompassion for; to help someone because ofcompassion. Syn: nagliksraq-.
nagligisuànaq- vi. to be empathetic toward
someone, to be compassionate.
naglikkun n. love; pity; mercy. Variant:nagliääuuàun.
naglikkutiqaq- vi. to be merciful.
nagliksaaàvik n. hell. Syn: anasriñäuqsaaàvik;naäinnaq; piyaquàvik; tammaàvik.
nagliksaaq- vi. to agonize; to suffer. Syn:nagrutchiq-. See: naäititauâiq; uiviit-.
nagliksaaqsiiãiq n. suffering.
nagliksaaqtit- vt. to persecute: to cause suffering, toafflict, to oppress.
nagliksraq- vt. to pity; to feel sorry for; to havecompassion for; to help someone because ofcompassion. Syn: nagligi-.
nagliksraun n. mercy (a kind, forgiving, orcompassionate treatment of or disposition
toward others). Syn: nagliktaq; nagliääuuàun.
Variant: naglikkun (C).
nagliktaiq- vi. to be merciless (to be unwilling toforgive anymore). See: nagliktait-.
nagliktait- vi. to be merciless (to be
characteristically unwilling to forgive); to beharsh.
nagliktaq n. pity, mercy; grace (a favor rendered by
one who need not do so; in theology: the state ofbeing protected or sanctified by the favor ofGod). Syn: iâuaqqutriãiq; iâuaqqun.
nagliktau- vi. to be merciful, to be compassionate.
nagliktuun n. compassion; pity.
nagliänaq- vi. to be pitiable, to be rueful (inspiring
deserving pity).
nagliääuuàun n. mercy (a kind, forgiving, orcompassionate treatment of or disposition
toward others). Syn: nagliksraun; nagliktaq.
nagri- vi. to grow antlers.
nagruich n. antler.
nagruiáaq n. female barren caribou, caribou without
antlers. Lit: 'without antlers'. Syn: aimmaànaq.

nagrukSee: nuààitáaiqsauq.

nagruk- vi. to fight (of caribou with antlers fighting
one without antlers).

nagruktitaq n. butt, rushing, forceful attack (as:caribou fighting with antlers). See: nagruuti-.

nagrulik n. pallid horned lark. Eremophila alpestris.
nagrun n. nuisance, annoyance (something painful,e.g. a toothache, or eye irritation). Syn:agiurrun; uumiñaq.
nagrutaq n. annoyance. Syn: agiurrun; nagrun;
uumiñaq.
nagrutaq- vt. 1) to block the way; to obstruct. Syn:piñaiáutaaànik-; piraiái-; pitchaiái-. 2) tohinder the progress. Syn: avriaqutaq-.
nagrutau- vi. to be a hindrance. Syn: avriaqutau-.
nagrutchiq- vi. to suffer (physically, mentally): to
be in pain; to be in sorrow. Syn: nagliksaaq-.
See: naäititauâiq; saäniuq-; uiviit-.
nagruuk n. antlers (pair); horns.
nagruuti- vt. to butt, to hit with one's head or tusk, tofight (of caribou fighting with antlers). Syn:tuluq-. See: nagruktitaq.
naààu- vt. to dislike; to reject. Syn: ayak-;iñugluaài-.
naààugi- vt. to despise, to detest, to abhor,
abominate. Syn: piiñàiài-.
naààuksruq- vt. to ridicule, to deride.
Uqautriáutin
naààuksruànaàumiñaitchuakun. Speaking ina way that cannot be criticized. See: iñuaàrugi-.
naààunallapiaàataq n. abomination. Syn:naààunaun.
naààunaq n. ignominy: a. personal dishonor or
humiliation, b. shameful or disgraceful action.
naààunaq- vi. to be detestable, to be dislikable.
naààunaun n. abomination. Syn:naààunallapiaàataq.
naààutchaun n. conscience. Syn: isumagiisaaâiq;
isumagiksuaâiq; qauàrimmaaàiun.
naàialigaaq n. trap with bait. Syn: naniàiaq.
naàiaäiáaaq n. trap without bait.
naàiaq n. bait for a snare or a fish hook, lure (on a trap
or on a hook).
naàiaq- vi. to emit the odor of a lure (meat or fish).
naàirriq- vt. to bait a trap.
naàiuq- vt. to sniff, to detect an odor by sniffing, tosmell.
naàluq- vi. 1) to be inconsolable; to be despondent.
2) to be hysterical.
naàriasruk- vt. to puzzle about something, tomarvel about something. Syn: aliuàutigi-.
naàrugvik n. blind (a shelter for concealing
hunters). Syn: itchuàvik; kaäiàaq.
naàruk- vt. to intercept (to head someone off), tonakkaaàaqti
ambush (attack from concealed position). Syn:iäiuq-.
nai n. odor (the quality of a thing that is perceived
by the sense of smell). Syn: tipi. See: anaàniq;iáusruäniq; itiàuqsuänit-; tipak-.
nai- vt. to smell. Syn: naima-. Variant: nagi-;
naisi-.
naigái- vi. to become shorter. See: nait-; naigáiáaaq-.
naigáiáaaq- vt. to shorten. See: nait-; naigái-;naiñaaq-.
naima- vi. emitting an odor, odoriferous. Syn:
tipliraq-.
naiñaaq- vt. to make shorter than intended. See:naigáiáaaq-.
naiäa- vi. to tilt one's head (away from a vertical
position), to lean one's head to the side.
naipiq- vt. to observe; to watch closely.
naipiqtuq- vt. 1) to watch for things/people indanger. Syn: ivaq-; nasriqsruq-; pakak-;qiñaa-; qiñiàniaq-; umiq-. 2) to scrutinize, tosearch for fault in people. Putu
naipiqtuqtiqaqtuq. Putu is being watched (hasa 'watcher')naipit- vt. 1) to spy on; to observe with hostile intent.
Syn: iriàaqtuq-. See: takkuuqti. 2) toinvestigate intensively; to catch sight of.
nait- vi. to be short. See: naigái-; naigáiáaaq-.
naitchuaq n. 1) short hand of a clock. 2) short item.
naitñiqtaq n. short hand of the clock; the shortest
one. Variant: naitáuktuaäa (C).
naivruàaq- vi. to help fill another person's bucket/
basket. Variant: naavruàaq- (C).
naivruàaun n. basket (willow, birch). Variant:naavruàaun (C).
nakaaäuurut n. patch of swamp grass.
nakaaq n. the stem of edible water plant. Syn: aiàaq;
nakautaq.
nakaat n. swamp grass.
nakasruk n. bladder. Variant: nakasuk (C).
nakasruääuaq n. bottle; glass jar.
nakatchit- vi. to have a full bladder. See: naki-.
nakaurat n. long-stemmed marsh grass (eaten by
caribou).
nakautaq n. red stem of the sorrel leaf (edible). Syn:aiàaq; masru; nakaaq.
naki- vi. to be unable to urinate (involuntary retention:
disorder of urinary tract).
nakiq- vi. to go direct, to go straight (as a path of abullet).
nakiqsaq- vt. to straighten, to adjust. Variant:nakiqsai-.
nakit- vi. to be low.
nakitñatai quest. wonder where from?
nakkaaàaqti n. diver.

124

nakkaq-naliaq-nakkaq- vi. 1) to dive. 2) to fall into water (fromground or boat). Syn: imaaq-.
nakkaqtiq- to dive suddenly (e.g. grebe or any
such water fowl).
nakkaqtaqtuaq n. black spot on the ice (conditionin spring because of danger of breaking throughwhen stepped on). Syn: iááagauraq; sikuiáàuq.
See: auktinniq; auniq; sikugiiáiq-.
nakkaummi- vi. to remain under water for sometime after diving (water fowl). Syn: naluk-. See:nakkaq-.
nakkun n. source of enjoyment.
nakkutigi- 1) vt. to enjoy watching something. 2)— vi. to tease jokingly.
naksauraaqtuq- vt. to tow behind a boat (e.g. aseal).
naksiàaq n. target (for archery or target practice,firing). Syn: pisiksuàaq; siksuàaq.
naksiàaq- vi. to fire at a target.
naktaànaq n. snag (hidden obstacle) at the bottom ofa river.
naktirvik n. 1) hanger; a hook on wall. 2) clothesline.
Syn: iññiutaq.
naktit- vi. to become stuck; to become snagged.
naktit- vt. to hang up on a hook or peg. Syn: iñi-;
niviñaq-. See: niäi-.
naktuàiq n. button.
naku- vi. to cross eyes (to impress or to tease). Putu
nakuruq iriliqirim kaäiqsiuqmagu. Putu
crossed his eyes when the eye doctor checkedhim.
nakuaài- vt. to love; to like. See: piqpagi-;
piqpaksri-. Variant: nakuaqsri-.
nakuaqqun n. love. Syn: piqpaksriãiq.
nakuaqsri- vt. to like; to love; to enjoy. See:
piqpagi-; piqpaksri-. Variant: nakuaài-.
nakuaqsriãiq n. love; fondness.
nakuaqsriun n. love, liking.
nakuàniq n. goodness.
nakuäa- vi. to be cross-eyed. Putu nakuäaruq
animaâhaniñaglaan. Putu is cross-eyed since
his birth.
nakuqsaq- vt. to improve; to beautify; to apply
cosmetics. See: qiñiyunaqusriqsuq-.
nakuqsautit n. cosmetics.
nakuqsi- vi. to become better; to become well; toimprove (of the weather). Syn: tutchaàiksi-.
nakuqsitchiq- vi. 1) to convalesce; to heal. 2) tosleep it off (after having been drunk).
nakut- 1) vt. to amuse, to entertain, to distract. Syn:alapit-. 2) to keep someone from leaving byentertaining. Variant: nakutchi-.
nakutchi- vt. to entertain someone. Variant: nakut-.
nakuu- vi. to be good; to be fine. Nakuuruäa

125

uglupak. I am fine today.

nakuuniqsrauruaq n. virtue. Lit: 'that which isbest (of the) good'.

nakuuqquti- vt. to treat each other right (reciprocal).
nakuusi- vi. to get better.
nakuyanäu- vi. to have strained one's eyes (toimpair by overuse).

nala- vi. to lie on one's back. Syn: niviq-. See:nallaq-.

nalaigiâiq n. pride, superiority (attitude).
nalaiñ! excl. do it right! be careful! don't mess it up!
nalaqâuk- vi. to stay in bed without getting up, tosleep in.

nalaunniq n. skin with hair just right for making
clothes.

nalaunäa- vi. 1) to be right, to be correct. 2) to bejust.

nalaunäait- vi. to be unjust; to be unrighteous. Syn:akitñautiruaq-.

nalaunäaâiq n. righteousness.
nalaunäapkai- vt. to justify, to cause to be right.
Syn: qiñuiàutipkaq-.

nalaunäapkaiãiq n. justification.
nalaunäaruaq vi. to be just; to be right(eous).
nalauraaq- vi. to rest (lying down).
nalaurruti- vt. to chance upon each other (e.g. whentraveling).

nalaurrutinàiãiq n. controversy.
nalaurrutinàit- vi. to disagree verbally; to argue.
nalaut- vt. 1) to meet by chance. Syn: iññiq-;kasuq-; kati-; paaq-. 2) to predict, to suppose,to guess. 3) to have good fortune, to win a raffle.
Syn: taksi-.
nalaut- vi. to be right, to be correct.
nalautchaaàaâiq n. 1) riddle. 2) the casting of lots
(in gambling).
nalautchaq- vt. to predict; to guess; to gamble.
nalautchaqti n. diviner, prophet.
nalautchaun n. raffle ticket.
nalautchi- vt. to meet by chance.
nalautchuàaq- vi. 1) to shoot a target. 2) to bet, toplace a wager. 3) to play solitaire.
nalautinniaq- vt. to aim (e.g. gun); to straighten.
Syn: iiguti-; iigusima-.
nalautirrun n. gun sight.
nalautit- vt. to adjust (to sight a gun, to set a clock,to focus binoculars, etc.).
nalàuqsrui- vt. to correct; to instruct correctly.
nalàuqsruq- vt. to correct; to instruct correctly.
Putum nalàuqsruàai qitunàani Putu corrects
his children See: alàaqsruq-.
nalàuu- vi. to be straight.
naliaq- vi. to choose (between two possible equals).
Syn: isivàiq-; umiàuq-. See: nalliaâiq. Variant:naliginaliàak-.

naligi- vi. to be equal, to have equal abilities.
naligiik n. two people with equal abilities; partners at

same level of achievement.
naligiäit- vi. to be unequal (usually said in a spitefulmanner).
naliàak- vi. 1) to choose, to weigh one's options. 2) toevaluate. Variant: naliaq-.
naliàunaq- vi. to be equally desirable; to beindistinguishable.
naliàut- vi. to be unable to decide or to make up one's
mind. See: isivàiq-; naliàut-; nalunaiqsi-;
piksraq-.
naliikkaak n. 1) inseam. 2) crotch, the area between
the legs.
nalimmak- vi. 1) to fill up completely. 2) to be equal
to another.
nalimuk- vi. to travel in a straight line, to go by themost direct route.
nalimun adv. straight (opposite to "crooked").
nallaànaàiaq- vi. to retire early, to (go to) bed early.
Putu nallaànaàiaqtuq anaqavak. Putu isgoing to bed early tonight. Syn: tuttaaq-.
nallaksraaq- vi. to fall over sideways.
nallaq- vi. to lie down on one's back; to go to bed.
See: iññaq-.
nallaqi- vi. to lie down with someone, to go to bed
together. Putum nallaqigaa iáanaäa. Putu lies
(in bed) with his friend.
nallauti- vt. to put someone to bed. Putum
nallautigaa iáanaäa. Putu lies down with his
friend.
nalliak? quest. which one of the two?
nalliat which one of these (all)?
nalliaâiq n. choice.
nalligaq n. 1) an offer or bid on an item for sale.
2) the established price of an item.
nalliksralik n. reward, wages.
nallipalaaäak conj. either (way).
nalliq- vi. to set a price on something. Variant: nallii.
nallit- vt. 1) to offer to trade for something; to bid on
something. 2) to price an item.
nalliummati- vi. 1) to be equal (of two or more
persons). 2) to keep up with someone; tocontinue at the same level or pace.
nalliun n. accepted bid; final trade price.
nalliusriaài- vt. to reward.
nalliuti- vi. 1) to be tied (for winner), to be equals.
2) to have same score as another.
nalluaq- vt. to toss someone up during blanket-toss.
nalluaqtit n. people who hold a blanket and toss
someone into the air.
nallugaq- vt. to toss into the air. Variant: nallugai-.
nallukkataq n. blanket toss.

nalunaqsinallukkataq- vi. to engage in a blanket toss.
nallukkataun n. 1) a hide for a blanket toss. 2) songsung during a blanket toss.

nalluktuq- vt. to throw into the air, to toss up.
Variant: naluk-; nallugaq-.

nalu- vi. to be ignorant, to be uninformed. Syn: amai!
naluaàmiiyaaq n. half-white person.
naluaàmiu n. white person, Caucasian. Lit:
'inhabitant of the bleached seal skin'.

naluaàmiuraaq- vi. to speak English, to speak"White Man's talk".

naluaàmiutaq n. groceries. Lit: 'white man's (food)items'.

naluanäaiãiq n. unrighteousness. Variant:naluatchiääiãiq.

naluanäasipkaq- vt. to justify, to make perfect, tomake right. Lit: 'to cause to become perfect'.

naluaq n. bleached seal skin.
naluk- vi. 1) to submerge (of sea mammals), to swim

(like mammals). Syn: nakkaummi-. 2) to wadein chest-deep water. Syn: ipiàaq-; ipiqsaaq-.
naluk- vt. to toss up, to throw underhand.
nalukkatautik n. leather summer boots with striptrimmed tops.
naluksriñäa- vi. to be unconscious.
naluksrit- vi. to become unconscious.
nalunaiáutaq n. sign; a marker, identification tag.
nalunaiq- vi. 1) to become clear, to become visible;
to become audible; to become distinct. 2) to bewithout a doubt.
nalunaiqsaq n. 1) pre-arranged time. 2) appointed
person, chosen person.
nalunaiqsi- vt. 1) to mark (for oneself). Syn: aglak-;
miñuk-; nalunaitäutchiq-; titiq-. 2) to choose(for oneself). See: isivàiq-; piksraq-; sivàiq-;umiàuq-.
nalunait- vi. 1) to be clear; to be visible; to be
audible; to be distinct; to be obvious. 2) to bewithout a doubt.
nalunaitmiutaq n. 1) sign; a mark (possession); a
brand; a seal (of ownership). 2) circumcision(Bible). Variant: nalunaitäutaq.
nalunaitäutaq 1) n. sign; a mark (possession); a
brand; a seal (of ownership). 2) circumcision(Bible). Variant: nalunaitmiutaq.
nalunaitäutchiãiq n. circumcision. Syn:nalunaitmiutaq; nalunaitäutaq.
nalunaitäutchiq- vt. to mark; to circumcise, tobrand. Syn: aglak-; miñuk-; nalunaiqsi-;
titiq-.
nalunaitäutchiqsimait- vi. to be uncircumcised.
nalunaq- vi. to be unclear; to be barely visible; toblend with its environment.
nalunaqsi- vi. 1) to become indistinct; to fade from126

nalunaqtuaq

naääunaqtuaq
nanmaun n. 1) strap (for carrying packsack, guitar,view. 2) to become doubtful.

nalunaqtuaq n. secret. Syn: kalipsiksuaq.
nalupqigi- vi. to be suspicious about something.
nalupqinaiq- vi. to be certain. Variant:nalupqinait-.

nalupqinaiyaq n. proof.
nalupqinaiyaq- vt. to prove something.
nalupqinaq- vi. to be unpredictable; to be uncertain.
nalupqisuk- vt. to doubt. Syn: arguaqquti-.
Variant: nalupqisruk-.

nalupqisrunàit- vi. to be confident; to be sure; to becertain. Variant: nalupqisuäit- (C).

nalupqisruun n. doubt. Variant: nalupqisuun (C).
nanaa excl. expression of dismay, expression of
annoyance.

nanàaiãiq n. praise. Syn: nanàaun, quyyan.
nanàaq- vt. to praise someone. Variant: nanàai-.
nanàaun n. praise; honor. Syn: quyyan; nanàaiãiq.
nani quest. where?
naniaq- vt. 1) to warm, to warm something by a fire.

Syn: auksiq-; auktuuq-; pasiksiaq-. 2) towarm oneself by the fire to alleviate pain. Syn:auksiq-; auktuuq-; pasiaq-; pasiksiaq-;
pasriksiq-.
naniàiaq n. a trap, a clamplike device that springs
shut suddenly. Syn: naàialigaaq.
naniàiaqtalik n. animal, which had been trapped but
escaped with the trap attached to its leg.
naniàiaqtaq n. trapped animal.
naniàiaqtuq- vt. to trap animals, to set traps, to trap
for fur.
naniàirriq- vi. to prepare and set traps. Variant:naniàirriqsuq-.
naniàuaq n. kerosene lantern. Syn: akiyaqataq;
ittugluuraq; nanipiaq.
naniàuun n. 1) flashlight; a small hand-carried lamp.
Variant: nanipiaq (C). 2) seal oil lamp.
3) small stick to trim seal oil lamp. See:ayaksriqpik.
nanipiaq n. kerosene lantern. Syn: akiyaqataq;
ittugluuraq; naniàuaq.
naniq n. lamp; a light bulb; a source of artificial
incandescent light. See: qauma.
naniq- vt. to trap, to immobilize.
naniqtaq n. quarry: hunted game animal. Syn:niqsakkaq; niqsaqtaq.
naniqtit- vi. to become pinned down by weight; tobecome caught in a trap.
naniurapiaq n. kerosene lantern. Syn: akiyaqataq;
naniàuaq. Variant: nanipiaq (K).
nanmak n. 1) burden. 2) any load carried on the back.
Variant: natmak.
nanmak- vt. to carry on the back; to carry abackpack. Variant: natmak-.

127etc.). 2) backpack. 3) dog pack. Variant:natmaun.
nanniaàik- vi. to be lit brightly.
nanniq- vt. 1) to light a lamp or lantern; to turn thelights on. See: ikummaktaaq-. 2) to light up aroom.
nanuik- vi. to rub oneself. Nanuq nanuigaqtuq
aputmun. The polar bear keeps rubbing himself
against the snow. Variant: nanuigauti-.
nanuiñiqsuq- vi. to flip back and forth (e.g. fish outof the water).
nanuiqi- vt. to clean something.
nanuk- vi. to rub with ointment; to massage.
nanuluun n. liniment; a soothing lotion. Syn:nanuun.
nanuq n. polar bear. Thalarctos maritimus.
nanuun n. liniment, ointment. Syn: nanuluun.
nanuuti- vt. 1) to rub something. 2) to spread
something.
naäaq- vt. 1) to skirt; to avoid. Syn: igáiq-; pasigi-;
quäuài-. See: agliài-; pasiñaq-; quäuqsraq-.
2) to chase caribou (trying to turn them inanother direction).
naäiaànaq- vi. to be dangerous (of ice).
naäiaq- vi. to be afraid (in danger). Syn: nuyuaài-.
See: taluqsraq-.
naäiaqtuu- vt. to cancel a trip (caused by dangerous
weather).
naäiatchak- vi. to become fearful in a situation.
naäiit- vi. to be daring; to be brave.
naäiliq- vi. to become sick; to become uncomfortablewith something.
naäinnaq n. 1) pain, hardship, discomfort. 2) hell
(suffering). Syn: nagliksaaàvik; piyaquàvik;tammaàvik.
naäinnaq- vi. to be overwhelming.
naäinnaqsi- vi. 1) to be distressed, have a hard time,
have a difficult time. 2) to become hurtful. Syn:atniq-.
naäirrun n. 1) disease; sickness. 2) the cause fordisease or pathological condition. 3) epidemic.
naäirrutinnak- vi. to become infected, to catch a
disease. Syn: atniàñausriq-; tigupquti-.
naäirvik n. hospital.
naäit- vi. 1) to be sick with ache (head, eyes, etc).
2) to feel hardship, to have mental pain, to feel
distress, to feel anguish. Putu naäitqataqtuq.
Putu has difficulty.
naäitit- vt. to distress, to strain the body (e.g. byoverworking).
naäititauâiq n. hardship; suffering. Syn: naäinnaq.
See: nagliksaaq-; nagrutchiq-; uiviit-.
naääunaqtuaq n. desecrator, one who desecrates.

napanapa- vi. to stand upright.
napaaqtuayaaq n. young tree, small tree.
napaaqtuàmiu n. woodland person, inhabitant ofarboreous area. See: nunaaqqiàmiu; nunamiu.

napaaqtum aqargia n. spruce grouse. Canachites
canadensis.

napaaqtuq n. black spruce; white spruce. Picea
mariana; Picea glauca.

napaatchak n. game of darts.
napaatchak- vi. to play a dart game.
napammaaài- vi. to be grounded, to be established.
naparaàaaq- vi. 1) to execute somersaults. Syn:uivraluktaq-; ukpitaq-. Variant: naparaq-.
2) to do a handstand.
naparaq- vi. to tumble over, to execute a somersault;
to tumble into water. Syn: uivraluktaq-;
ukpitaq-. Variant: naparaàaaq-.
naparuaq n. anything that is upright.
napi- vi. break (from old age; from frequent use; inhumans: lower back problems).
napiniq n. hump (deformity of a humpbacked
person); hunch.
napiäa- vi. 1) to be stooped (of age). Syn: qumaäa-.
2) to be hunchbacked. Syn: imu-.
napit- vi. 1) to become ensnared; to be trapped. 2) to
be fastened.
napittaq n. quarry, animal trapped or snared.
napliq- vt. cut in half, break in half. Putum aglaun
napliàaa. Putu cut the pencil in half.
naplu n. knee joint.
napmun quest. where to?
nappaàiaq n. 1) post for support; pole. 2) stanchion
on sled.
nappai- vt. to erect. Variant: nappaq-.
nappaluk n. humpbacked person.
nappaq- vi. to erect, to raise upright. Variant:nappai-.
nappaqsraq n. 1) upright pole. Variant:nappaqtaq. 2) watch tower.
nappaqtaq n. circular tent with one central pole.
nappaqtaq n. pole; something erected. Variant:nappaqsraq.
nappaqti n. mast (of a sail boat).
nappaqutaq n. 1) stake; a pole; a trail marker; asignpost. Syn: iáitchuqqun; tikkuun. 2) grave
marker.
nappaqutchiqiri 1) n. person who puts up stakes as
trail markers. 2) maker of gravemarkers.
nappatigiiáaq n. instability; shakiness; unsteadiness.
nappatigiit- vi. to be unstable, to be unsteady.
napuäa- vi. to be hunchbacked. See: amaq.
napuäasri- vi. to become stooped, to become
hunched (of age). Syn: auàaäasi-; imuäasri-;punäa-; qumaäa-.

nasaiäaruaàruk
napuq- vt. to cut.
napyaaàluksiñiq n. swollen joint (from old age).
napyaaq n. bone joint; a knuckle.
naqigái- vi. to get lower; to set (of sun). See: nui-.
naqigáiuraq- vi. to dance in Iñupiaq style (sitting

position while moving arms). Lit: 'become very
low to the ground or horizon'. Syn: taliq-. See:aààipiaq-; uyuk-.
naqisraq n. fish bait (larger than a naàiaq). It is
usually a whole small fish or a tail end of alarger fish. This type of bait is mainly used whenhooking for mudsharks.
naqitaàun n. tie-down rope (on a sled), lashing rope.
See: akâunaapiat; tugrun.
naqitaq- vt. 1) to adjust the tie-down rope. 2) topress down. Syn: sitquàmik-. See: ikniqtit-.
naqitaqsruq- vt. to tie down a load. Syn:qiáiviqsruq-; saääit-. Variant: naqitaksrui-.
naqittaànaq n. piano, organ.
naqituàaq n. push buttons.
naqiulàuq n. the lower part of the top of a mountain,
hill, etc... See: nuvua.
naqsik- vi. 1) to wrinkle one's nose (saying No, or indisapproval). Syn: iqsuk-. 2) to push one's own
nose inadvertantly (e.g. by bumping into a rope).
naqsik- vt. to push someone's nose upward to show
dislike for him/her.
naqsiäa- vi. to be pug-nosed.
naqsiäayaaq- vi. to run into a taut rope
unknowingly.
naqsiuraq n. scarf (to protect one's mouth in cold
weather); a muffler.
naqsraq n. the highest point of a mountain pass. Syn:
qaapiaq; qalliqpiaq. See: itivliq; itivyaaq.
naqsraq- vi. to travel over the mountains. Syn:itivyaaq-.
naqtuq- vi. to be chipped.
nargiasruk- vi. to sense a dangerous event, to have a
premonition. See: nargiat.
nargiat n. foreboding, sense of impending danger.
See: nargiasruk-.
narraak n. the abdomen, the belly (encloses thestomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas).
Syn: aqiaq.
narrak- vi. to become pregnant; to get a distended
belly. Syn: narri-; siäaiyau-; iññi-. See:iáummiutchiq-.
narranäu- vi. to have a stomach ache; to have an
abdominal cramp.
narri- vi. to be pregnant. Syn: narrak-; siäaiyau-.
See: iáummiutchiq-.
narvaq n. lake. Syn: narvauraq.
narvauraq n. small lake. Syn: narvaq.
nasaiäaruaàruk n. 1) Bonaparte's gull. larus

128

nasauti (C)nautchirriqsuq-

philadelphia. 2) black headed gull. larus
ridibundus.
nasauti (C) n. cap.
nasraàaq n. kerchief. Variant: nasaàaq (C).
nasraàauraq n. handkerchief.
nasraliuq- vt. to make a hood (parka). Syn: natchi-.
See: nasraq.
nasraq n. hood. See: natchi- ; nasrali-. Variant:nasaq (C).
nasraq- vi. to put one's hood on.
nasraqpalik n. parka with large hood (Canadian orGreenlandic).
nasraun n. hat; cap.
nasrautlik n. ptarmigan with brown feathers onhead.
nasriqsruàvik n. sighting place that is high above
the ground level; lookout place.
nasriqsruq- vi. 1) to look for animals in the
distance. Syn: ivaq-; pakak-; qiñaa-;qiñiàniaq-; umiq-. 2) to watch for people. Syn:naipiqtuq-.
nasritchuq- vi. to ascend to high spot for scanning.
nataaànaq n. Arctic flounder. Liopsetta glacialis.
nataaq n. bottom (of a pail, tub, box, boat). Syn:
akkuk.
nataaq- vt. to attach a bottom to something.
natatquànaq n. hailstone.
natatqulaat n. 1) immature bones of children. Lit:''soft bones''. 2) soft part on willow tips (edible).
natatquq 1) n. cartilage (major constituent of ayoung child or animal, which is converted
largely to bone with maturation). Syn: ikik;
nuvuliksrat; nukik. 2) white of an egg, egg
white.
natchi- vi. to make a hood. Syn: nasraliuq-. See:nasraq.
natchiaàruk n. seal skin trousers.
natchik- vi. to yearn to follow.
natchiq n. hair seal. Syn: ugruk.
natchiqi- vt. to wash; to clean; to mop the floor. Syn:iààuq-; iqaài-; salummaq-.
natchitchiq- vi. lay flooring.
natiàluk n. liquid remains on the bottom of acontainer.
natiàluk- vi. to have remains (as liquid on the bottomof container).
natiànaq n. open tundra; clearing; flat tundra.
natiàvik n. drifting snow.
natiq n. floor; bottom.
natiqãit- vi. to be the bottommost (of a group); to be
as low as one can go.
natiqsiñait- vi. to be bottomless. Lit: 'impossible toreach bottom'.
natmagvik n. camping pack, backpack; hunting bag.

129

natmak n. 1) burden. 2) any load carried on the back.
Variant: nanmak.

natmak- vt. to carry on the back; to carry abackpack.

natmaksiq- vt. to transport.
natmakti n. pack animal: reindeer or dogs; carrier,bearer.

natmaun n. 1) strap (for carrying packsack, guitar,etc.). 2) backpack. 3) dog pack. Variant:nanmaun.
natmautak n. pair of suspenders; strap. Syn:agluutak; iàrisik. Variant: natmautaq.
natmiñiqtuq- vi. speak or deal strictly and directlywith a relative, to reprove a relative. See:kipinäusuk-.
natqa n. bottom; floor ; bottom of boat, or any
container.
natqiguti- vi. to forgive. Variant: natqiuti-.
natqigutriãiq n. forgiveness.
natqik- vt. to correct, to discipline.
natqiksruq- vt. to correct someone.
natqisruun n. discipline; correction.
nau- vi. to grow, to increase. See: sipkiq-.
naukun quest. which way? how? "through where?".
naulaq n. 1) toggle harpoon, harpoon for whale.
2) detachable spearhead.
nauligaq n. big game spear with barbs; small
harpoon for seal hunting. Syn: kapusiun.
nauligaq- vi. to be pierced by a harpoon; to throwdarts.
nauligaun n. dart gun with harpoon.
naulik- vt. spear something. Syn: pana-.
naullaq n. whale or big game that was caught with aharpoon. See: naulik-.
nauma- vi. have already grown.
naumi! (C) excl. no! Syn: naagga!; qaäaa!
naunàut n. young tree growing from old root.
nauraàaàvik n. garden; grove.
nauri- vi. to grow (of plants, interest, etc).
nauriaq n. plant; flower.
nausraaàluksaaàaq- vi. to have a premonition; toreceive signs of impending danger.
nausraaàluksi- vi. to portend, to prognosticate, tosense in advance.
nautchiaksraq n. seed. Lit: 'a potential plant'.
nautchiaksriqiri n. gardener ; agriculturist.
nautchiaq n. plant.
nautchiaqaàvik n. garden. Lit: 'place that has
plants'.
nautchii- vt. to grow plants, to raise plants.
nautchiivik n. field, garden.
nautchirriqiri n. sower, person involved withcultivating seeds and young plants.
nautchirriqsuq- vt. plant seeds.

nauyaaq
nauyaaq n. 1) young sea gull. 2) spotted enamel (forkitchen utensils).
nauyaq n. seagull.
nauyaaq young or baby seagull.
nauyatchiaq n. mew gull. Larus canus.
nauyavasrugruk n. glaucous gull. Larus
hyperboreus.
nauyavvaaq n. herring gull. Larus argentatus.
navgiñ n. cause for trouble. Putu navgisauruq Putu
is the reason for the trouble Syn: agviñ.
navguiãiq n. transgression of law; violation of law.
Syn: navguiñ. See: killuq; killuqsaun.
navguiñ n. offense, trespass (transgression of a moral
or social law, code, or duty). Syn: navguiãiq.
See: killuq; killuqsaun.
navguiri n. transgressor. See: killuliqiri;
killuqsaqti.
navguq- vt. to shatter (to cause to break with violent
blow), to damage seriously. Syn: avik-;
kanivaala-; kanuàit-; piyaqtaq-; qauqtiq-;siqummaq-. See: kiktuàaq-.
navguqsaaq- vt. to discourage, to dissuade: topersuade (a person) not to do something.
someone is trying to break up a good
relationship between two people.
navàuqsaun n. complaint.
navàuqsautri- vi. to complain, to make a complaint.
Syn: tusaqâiàaâiq-; unniàáuk-.
navianaq n. danger.
navianaqtuq- vi. to be dangerous.
navik n. break. Syn: kikiniq.
navik- vi. to break. Syn: avik-; naviksi-.
naviksi- vt. to break in two. Syn: avik-; navik-.
navraaq- vt. to find something (by digging it up).
See: paqit-.
nayaaääaq n. greeting. This is a message of best
regards, best wishes or greetings usually sent bytravelers from one village to another. It is apositive, happy greeting which is commonly
carried by gospel trippers from one church toanother.
nayaäaq- vi. to nod drowsily, to be near sleep.
nayuk- vt. to skin an animal from the mouth without
cutting into the skin. Syn: aak-; amiiq-,
amiiqsi-, iqquli-.
nayummak- vi. to lean on, to use something for
support. Nayummagataqhuni tamauäa
niàiaqsiñiqsuq. Leaning [on his arm] he started
eating. Syn: anagusrima-; ayappak-;tunäauraaq-.
nayummaktillak- vt. to lean something against.
nayummi- vt. to hold something in place.
nayummiri n. pillar, column.
nayummiuttaq n. pillar, support(er).

niglanaaqnayuq- vi. to stay with; to be present with.
nayuqti n. presence.
nayuqtuaq- vi. to stay for a while.
nayuqtuaq- vt. to babysit, to take care of something.
Syn: paggisi-; qaunagi-.

nayuuti- vt. to stay or remain with others.
-niaq encl. this poor (person). Uvvaguuàuna

iäiularik-niaq atilik Lazarus-mik. There wasthis poor beggar named Lazarus.
niaqqi- vt. to hit on the head.
niaqqiq- vt. to bend the head to one side.
niaqqiuq- vt. to cook animal or fish heads for a meal.
niaquaq- vt. to behead an animal. Syn: niaquiq-;
aäarraq.
niaquàiit- vi. 1) to have a headache. 2) to have aproblem in the brain.
niaquàmik- vt. to carry on one's head. Syn:kavraàmik-.
niaquàruaàruk n. hawk owl. Surnia ulula. Variant:niaquqtuaàruk.
niaquàruaq n. fish head.
niaquàun n. crown.
niaquàusriq- vt. to crown someone; to place acrown on.
niaquiq- vt. to decapitate; to behead. Syn:aäarraq-; niaquaq-.
niaqula- vi. to shake one's head (from side to side).
niaqunäu- vi. to have a headache.
niaqunäusriutit n. headache pain reliever.
niaquq n. head.
niaquqtuaàruk n. hawk owl. Surnia ulula. Variant:niaquàruaàruk.
niaquqtugiâiq n. pride. Lit: 'having lots of head'.
Syn: qutchigiâiq.
niaquun n. 1) bridle; a rein. 2) crown.
nigaaàruk n. north; wind from the north. Syn:
ikagnaq. See: nigiqpak.
nigaq n. 1) rainbow. Syn: nigatchiaq. 2) snare for
caribou. 3) large game.
nigaqtuq- n. to use a snare (or lasso) in hunting oflarge game.
nigatchiaq n. 1) snare for game (rabbit, ducks,
ptarmigan, wolves, marten etc.). 2) rainbow.
Syn: nigaq.
nigatchiaqtuq- vi. to use a snare for small game(e.g. rabbits, ptarmigan).
nigiiñaqtuq- vi. to be cold (not of weather).
nigiqpagniq- vi. to blow from the north (northerlywind).
nigiqpak n. 1) northerly wind. 2) northwest, windfrom northwest. Syn: ikagnaq; nigaaàruk.
niglanaaq n. cool place.
niglanaaq- vi. to be cool (of food). Syn:nigliññaaàik-.

130

niglaq-niàvalaq-niglaq- vt. to cool something.
niglaqsi- vi. to become cold, to cool. Iñuich

niàisuksiunàiq- vi. to have food again after nearlystarving, to have abundant food.

piqpakkutaat niglaqsiñiaàaa. People's love isgoing to [grow] cold.
niglaqsiq- vt. to set aside to cool; to refrigerate. See:
asivaq-; sanivaq-.
nigliñaqaàvik n. refrigerator.
nigliññaaàik- vi. to be cool, to have cooled down
enough. Variant: niglanaaq-.
niglit- vt. to cool something by adding snow, cold
water or ice.
nigraq n. fur fringes: strips of fur which hang from adress parka. most popular are wolverine strips.
See: manusiññak.
nigrauàruk n. small spider.
niààiq n. gnawed-on food (chewed by a mouse, dog,etc. and spoiled). See: quäuq.
niààiqãuk- vt. 1) to eat spoiled food. 2) to contractfood poisoning. Variant: niààiàáuk-.
niààiqsu- 1) vt. to eat too much; to glut; to gorge.
Syn: naaqsunäu-. 2) to have a good appetite.
niààisi- vt. to treat someone to a meal. See:niàipkaq-.
niààiuqsruq- vt. 1) to promise something,especially one's debt. 2) to buy on charge
account, to buy on credit. Syn: akiqsruq-.
niààiuqsruuma- vt. to owe something.
niààiuqsruun n. debt.
niààivik n. table; restaurant.
niài- vi. to eat.
niàiáiq- to eat fast, to eat too fast.
niàikkit- vi. to have a small appetite.
niàiáik- vi. to choke on food. Syn: irukkai-;nagguviksraiq-; nunu-; simik-; tivit-;
tivrusiq-.
niàiñait- vi. 1) to be inhospitable, to fail to serve
food to visitors. 2) to be inedible.
niàiñaq- vi. 1) to serve food to visitors. Syn:
payuk-. 2) to be edible. 3) to be hospitable. Syn:
tagialnait-; tukkii-; tutqiäñaq-.
niàiñiaq- vi. to eat a meal (sit-down meal).
niàiñiutit n. kitchen utensils.
niàiñiutnat n. silverware, eating utensils.
niàipkaq- vt. to feed, to let someone eat. See:niààisi-.
niàiqpagvik n. 1) place to have a feast.
2) Thanksgiving or Christmas dinner.
niàiqpak n. feast.
niàisuk- vi. to be hungry. Syn: kaak-; mialuk-.
niàisuksaaq- vt. to crave food which is in sight but
not obtainable, or not offered. Syn: iipak-. See:
iisaq-.
niàisuksiuâiq n. starvation (the condition of being
starved). Syn: kaaänaq.

131

niàisuliq n. hunger.
niàisunàit- vi. to be satisfied (not hungry anymore).
Syn: tutchi-.

niàisuänait- vi. to be unappetizing (of food).
niàisuänaq n. famine. Syn: kaaänaq.
niàiugaq n. hope, expectation.
niàiugaq- vt. to hope.
niàiugaqaàviu- vi. to be responsible.
niàiugi- vt. to expect someone or something.
niàiuk- vt. to expect; to hope for.
niàiukkun n. hope, expectation.
niàiunait- vi. to be unexpected.
niàiunàiáaq- vt. to surprise s.o. Lit: 'remove what is
not hoped for'.

niàlaaq n. gosling.
niàlaalik one who has goslings.
niàliq n. goose. (This term is understandable, buttiämiaq is preferred.). Syn: tiämiaq.

niàliqnaq n. black brant. branta nigricans. Variant:niàliànaq.

niàáiktaaq n. the uvula (a mass of tissue suspended
from the center of the soft palate).

niàáiktaq n. Adam's apple.
niàrugaaàluk n. beast, wild beast. Variant:niàrugaaniàluk.

niàrulluk n. dinosaur; a legendary large water
animal.

niàrun n. game animal (potential for food).
niàukaq n. the caribou stomach.
niàukit- vi. to be narrow.
niàukkiuqtaq n. meal of caribou stomach (prepared

as food). filled with liver strips, pieces of meatfrom tenderoin, and meat from the muscles in
the hind leg.
niàumik n. soft, quiet speech or manner of speaking.
niàummaaqtuq- vi. to be soft, fluffy, warm.
niàummaq- vi. to be smooth, soft (as flannel orvelvet). Variant: niàumiktaaq-(C).
niàutu- vi. to be wide open (of lead in open water, orof clothes, etc). Syn: atitu-; taqpa-.
niàutuq- vi. to widen, to make more spacious. Syn:
tasiqsruq-; tasirruk-.
niàuvruàaq- vi. to be paralyzed by fear, to be"frozen" by fear. Syn: iàivruàaq-; niàuvruk-.
niàuvruk- vi. 1) to be panic-stricken. See: ui-. 2) tobe startled and feel faint. Syn: aiyaaäa-;
tuquaäa-. Variant: niàuvruàaq-.
niàvalaq- vi. to fall backward and land on one's rumpbone. Syn: aquvsallak-; nivàallak-;
nivvaktaq-; tunuallak-.
niàvalaqsraaq- to fall backward; to fall flat andland on back; to have landed on one's rumpniiãaqtaq

nipi-

bone.

nimaaq n. hoop around a wooden barrel (thick metalniiãaqtaq n. skin stretcher, tool for stretching (anddrying) an animal skin.
niituuyiq n. lynx. Lynx canadensis. Variant:nuutuuyiq.
nika- vi. to lack confidence; to be apathetic. See:payyit-; qapiäa-.
nikagi- vt. to lack confidence in someone orsomething.
nikagiliq- vi. to lose one's confidence in one's
abilities.
nikaiãiq n. confidence, determination.
nikait- vi. to be confident; to be determined; to keep
trying against odds, persistent.
nikaliq- vi. to become discouraged.
nikanait- vi. 1) to be dependable. 2) to be feasible, toseem capable.
nikanaq- vi. 1) to seem incapable. 2) to bediscouraging, to be hard to do.
nikanàiq- vi. to become encouraged; to become
confident. See: siimasaaq-.
nikanniuq- vt. to fear rejection of others.
nikatchak- vi. to surrender, to give oneself up.
nikatchaq- vi. to lose confidence in oneself.
nikisinäa- vi. to be uneven, to be unequal, as in size,
length, or quality.
nikisitaq- vt. to bend saw teeth (with a saw-settingtool). See: kipluun.
nikisitaun n. saw-setting tool. Syn: kipluun.
nikisuàaq- vi. to have the hiccups (hiccoughs). Syn:igusiàaq-; iisuàaq-.
nikivit- vi. to stand up. Variant: qichaq-; qikaq(C).
nikivraak- vi. to stand on tiptoe. See:putukkumiraq-. Variant: nukivraak-.
niksaak- vi. to burp, to belch. Syn: qalak-.
niksaaktuäiq n. rock ptarmigan or white ptarmigan(grouses having plumage that is brown or grayin summer and white in winter). Lagopus mutus.
niksik n. hook; a fish hook; a lure.
niksik- vi. to be caught with a hook, to be caught
with a hook.
niksik- vt. to hook a fish. Syn: qalliqi-.
niksikpak n. large hook.
niksiksuàiaq- vi. to go hooking for fish.
niksiksuq- vt. to fish with a hook; to jig for fish.
niktiq- vt. to set out a net. Syn: ayauma-; niäitchi-.
niliànat n. beans. Syn: kumaurat.
nilik- vi. to gradually reduce in size, to become
diminished.
niliq n. flatus (gas generated in or expelled from thedigestive tract).
niliq- vi. to expel a flatus, to expel gas from thedigestive system.

ring that keeps it together). See: nimiq;
nimiàun.
nimiàiaq n. water worm, eel; serpent, snake.
nimiàun n. hoop around a wooden barrel (thick metalring that keeps it together). See: nimaaq.
nimiàutit n. wrappings: such as string for packages,
ribbons for wrapping; skins for wrapping acorpse for burial; shroud; ace bandages.
nimiq n. wrapping.
nimiqsruq- vt. to wrap.
ninak- vi. to serenade. particularly true along the
Kobuk River in earlier days.
ninautit n. traditional Iñupiaq love songs.
ninäuq n. cottonwood tree. Syn: kanuääiq.
niñiq- vt. to share.
niñäiquma- vt. to insulate a door. gen. building awall of snow blocks about it and placing soft
snow between the wall and the building.
niäauk n. brother-in-law; son-in-law.
niäaukkit- vi. to become member of wife's family.
niäi- vi. 1) to slide (of pants). 2) to hang; to besuspended. See: iñi-; naktit-; niviñaq-.
niäit- vi. to descend gradually, as if lowered by rope.
niäitchi- vt. to set a net, to set a trap, to set a snare,etc. Syn: ayauma-; niktiq-.
niäivraq- vt. to catch with a lasso.
niäivraqsaun n. rope on a seining net (attached tothe shore). Syn: tulaksaun.
niäivraqtuq- vi. to corral reindeer.
niäivraun n. lasso. Lit: 'implement for catchingreindeer'.
nipaala- vi. to scream, to holler; to wail, to makestrange noises. Syn: avaala-. See: magu-;
qunu-.
nipaallaksaq- vt. to start shouting. Syn: iksaq-.
nipaiáaq- vi. mime.
nipaiáuksi- vi. to mutter. Syn: aqapiáuk-; imäaluk-;
niplia-; tusaqâiàaq-; uqapiáuk-.
nipaiãuktaq n. short eared owl. Asio flammeus.
nipaiq- vi. to become quiet, to quiet down.
nipaiqsi- vt. to quiet somebody.
nipaisaaq- vi. to be quiet. Putu taimmaiñaq
nipaisaaàaa. Putu suddenly was quiet. Syn:nipaisaqtau-.
nipaisaqtau- vi. to be silent, to be quiet. Variant:nipaisaaq-.
nipait- vi. to be quiet; to be noiseless.
nipauraq n. soft voice.
nipi n. 1) the voice (of humans and animals). Syn:iàña. 2) sound (from source other than humans
or animals). Syn: iàña; sukpaluk.
nipi- vi. to set (of sun or the moon). Siqiñiq
nipipman taaqsiraqtuq. When the sun sets it

132

nipiatyaq-

niuqtuq-is getting dark.

nipiatyaq- vt. to record (what somebody is speaking

to an audience).
nipigiiãiq n. curse. Syn: nipliñiqãuun;taiyuaniqâuun.
nipikkit- vi. to have a soft voice, to produce only alow hum(ming sound).
nipinnaq n. magnet. Syn: nuqitchiraàaqtuaq.
nipinnaq- vi. to be sticky (of a surface).
nipit- vi. to be stuck (of surfaces or some animals).
nipititchii- vi. to scorch food (either by prolonged
cooking or too much heat).
nipittaq- vi. to have intercourse (between male andfemale animals). See: quuyak-; nulik-.
nipitu n. noise (loud speaking, music, explosion, etc).
Syn: iñuksruäniq; ittuktuuq; ugiaàuulaniq.
See: aviáuktaq-; avsaluk-; imigluk-.
nipitusi- vi. to speak loudly.
niplia- vi. to mumble, to speak words indistinctly (asby lowering the voice or partially closing themouth); to murmur or grumble. Syn: aqapiáuk-;imäaluk-; nipaiáuksi-; qipquluk-;tusaqâiàaq-; uqapiáuk-. Variant: nivlia-.
niplianàiq- vi. to be silent, to refrain from speaking.
nipliayugaq- vi. to speak well.
nipliááak- vi. to speak again (after silence), to saysomething after a while. Syn: aipallak-;uqallak-.
nipliñiqãuk- vt. to speak with a harsh voice. Variant:nivliñiàáuk-.
nipliñiqãuula- vi. to speak badly; to shout loudly.
nipliñiqãuun n. curse. Syn: aatchuniàluun;
nipigiiãiq; taiyuaniqâuun; uqapiáuâiq.
nipliq- vi. to speak.
nipliuti- vt. to speak, to declare. Syn: uqauti-;
aipallauti-.
nippitu- vi. to be noisy, to be loud.
nippivik n. November (sunset time).
niprala- vi. to shout.
niprauq n. human voice.
niptaiq- vi. to become blurry; to become hazy (ofweather). Syn: uyuniq-.
niptaq- vi. to be clear (of weather).
niqaaq n. 1) aged food. Putu niqaaqâuktuqtuq.
Putu is eating aged food. 2) white tundra lichen;moss (food for caribou). sometimes known as"caribou moss" or "reindeer moss". Syn:tiäaurat.
niqaiq- vi. to be depleted, to run out of food. Syn:kalivit-; paluq-. See: nuäu-.
niqaiq- vt. to exhaust food supply, to deplete foodsupply. Syn: nuäut-.
niqaääiu- vi. to be stingy with food.
niqaq- vi. to have food in supply.

133

niqausri- vi. to store food, to cache food away for
winter. Syn: sunakki-; tuvraqtuq-.

niqi n. meat; food.
niqiksraq n. food (for future use).
niqiniknaq n. black (seal) meat.
niqipiaq n. Iñupiaq food. Lit: 'real food'.
niqivik n. caribou hindquarter; hindquarter of ananimal. Syn: anautaq; mumiq; ukpatik. See:uati.
niqiviun n. one's favorite food. Variant: niqiviuti.
niqâiqi- vi. 1) to clean out an animal carcass (remove
innards). 2) to handle food.
niqâitchaq- vt. to share food (with someone).
niqâiuàun n. cooking pot. Syn: utkusrik.
niqâiuq- vi. to prepare a meal.
niqniaàvik n. kitchen ; a campfire. Syn: iggavik.
niqniakkiq- vt. to prepare a meal by putting food on
a stove.
niqniaq- vt. to cook food, to boil meat/fish. Syn:iga-.
niqniaqti n. cook, chef. Syn: igari.
niqqak- vi. to provide food for one's family (byhunting or purchasing), to supply the means ofsubsistence.
niqsakkaq n. quarry, hunted game animal. See:naniqtaq. Variant: niqsaqtaq.
niqsanàit- vi. to go home empty-handed (e.g. at
cutting seals).
niqsaq n. a game animal of the sea.
niqsaq- vt. to catch game of the sea (e.g. seal).
niqsaqtaq n. quarry, hunted game animal. Syn:naniqtaq. Variant: niqsakkaq.
niqsayuk n. one who is a good shot ; a marksman.
niqsayuk- vi. to be a good hunter, to be a good
provider of game food.
niu n. leg.
niu- vi. to disembark (get down from boat or from ahigh surface).
niu- vt. to unload. Syn: usiiyaq-. Variant: niuri-.
niugaaq n. broken leg.
niugaaq- vi. to break a leg.
niugaaqtaq n. person with a broken leg.
niuàaq- vt. to drill. Syn: niuqtuq-; pattaqtuq-.
niuàaun n. 1) drill. Syn: niuqtuun; pattaq. 2) brace.
niuàmik- vi. to sniff (to inhale a short, audible breath
through the nose); to sniffle (to breathe audibly
through a runny or congested nose).
niulàiq n. 1) dragonfly. 2) helicopter.
niuliñàaq n. leg sinew from caribou or moose. Syn:kikmitquuttaq; kiñuàaàlugun.
niululi- vi. to grow wrong (of teeth, protruding
through the gums).
niuluq n. root of a tooth.
niuqtuq- vt. to drill. Syn: niuàaq-; pattaqtuq-.

niuqtuun
niuqtuun n. drill. Variant: niuàaun; pattaq.
niuri- vt. to unload. Syn: usiiyaq-. Variant: niu-.
niuviq n. trading partner.
niuviàiik trading partners (two).
niuviq- vt. 1) to redeem; to ransom. 2) to barter; tobuy.
nivak- vi. to dig.
nivaäniq n. hole that has been dug in the ground.
Variant: nivaaq.
nivguq n. fish slime. Syn: yuvàuq.
nivguq- vi. to be slimy (of fish). See: yuvàuq-.
nivàallak- vi. to fall and land on one's rump bone.
Variant: niàvalaq-.
niàvallaksima- Syn: tullautaq-.
nivàallauraaq- vi. to lie with one's hands behind thehead. Syn: niviqsimaaq-.
nivi n. 1) Eskimo potato (masru stored up by mice).
Syn: masru. 2) lemming's cache; mouse cacheof masru and other mice food. Syn: pikniq;
piäniq. Variant: nivit.
nivi- vi. 1) to be lured, to be attracted (by bait, as
game animal). 2) to have lint on clothing. Syn:sanillak-; sannak-. See: sanäu-.
niviaqsiaàruk n. girl before puberty; a little girl.
niviaqsialugruaq n. little girl.
niviaqsiaq n. nubile girl (marriageable age).
niviaqsiàaq n. young unmarried woman; teenage
girl.
nivigaq- vt. to scrutinize from all sides; to investigate.
nivinniaq- vi. to look for "Eskimo potatoes" (storage
mounds of mice).
niviñaq- vi. to compact, to get damp enough tocompact (of snow). Syn: nivviàiksi-.
niviñaq- vt. to hang, to suspend. Syn: iñi-; naktit-.
See: niäi-. Variant: niviñauraaq-;
niviäauraaq-; niviäaq-.
niviñaqqun n. item hanging from the ceiling.
Variant: niviäaqqutaq.
niviñautaq n. rope or hook for hanging something(carcass, pot over fire, etc). Variant:niviäautaq.
niviäa- vi. to be hung (to be attached from above
with no support from below). See: niviñaq-.
niviäalutaq n. item hanging from a garment (thread,etc.).
niviäaq- vt. to hang, to suspend. Variant: niviñaq-.
niviäaqqutaq n. 1) red.currant. ribes triste. 2) item
hanging from the ceiling. Variant: niviñaqqun.
niviääaun n. hanger; a hook; a strap for hanging.
niviääautaq n. rope or hook for hanging something(carcass, pot over fire, etc). See: naktirviutaq.
Variant: niviññautaq.
niviq- vi. 1) to expose one's underside, to turn upside
down. 2) to lie supine, to lie back. Syn: nala-.

nuààayuat
See: pusiäa-.

nivàala- to lie on one's back moving arms andlegs.

nivàallauraaq- to lie supine, to lie on the backor having the face upward. Syn: qiviq-.

niviq- vi. to arch one's back. Syn: qiviq-.
niviq- vt. to turn over, to turn something on its back.
niviqsimaaq- vi. to lie with one's hands behind thehead; to sit leaning against something. Syn:nivàallauraaq-.
nivirut- vi. to gather around (of flies, birds etc aroundtrash or a carcass).
nivit n. lemming's cache; mouse cache of masru andother mice food. Variant: nivi.
nivitchiq n. bait of meat (to lure animals). Syn:naàialigaaq.
nivitchiq- 1) vi. to wait for animals to come to bait.
2) to be baited (trap), to be provided with lure.
niviuànit- vi. to have the smell of burnt food (stuck tothe bottom of the pot).
niviuq- 1) vi. to circle over something (of birds or
insects), to hover. Syn: niviyaq-. 2) to flyaround near a nest (of a bird). 3) to loiter arounda member of the opposite sex.
niviuq- vi. to burn, e.g. food in a pot, to stick to apot.
niviyaq- vi. to hover. Syn: niviuq-; qulaäiq-.
nivlia- vi. to mumble, to speak words indistinctly (asby lowering the voice or partially closing themouth); to murmur or grumble or mutter. Syn:aqapiáuk-; imäaluk-; niplia-; qipquluk-;uqapiáuk-.
nivliñiàáuk- vi. to speak with a harsh voice. Variant:nipliñiqãuk-.
nivliq- vt. to utter a.
nivvaktaq- vi. to land on one's back, to fall backward
flat on one's back. Syn: aquvsallak-;niàvalaq-; nivàallak-; nuluaq-; tunuallak-.
nivviaq n. well, spring (of water); a shallow hole into
which water drains.
nivviàiksi- vi. for snow to become wet enough tostick together. Syn: niviñaq-.
nuaàaaluk n. niece; nephew (of a woman). Syn:uyuàu. See: tutaaluk; tutik.
nuààaaàruk n. calf during first winter.
nuààaatchiaq n. calf during second winter (primeskin).
nuààaiáaq n. caribou cow without a calf or fawn.
nuààalik n. caribou cow with a fawn.
nuààaq n. fawn (under one year old). Variant:nuààaiyaaq.
nuààayuaq n. the skin of newborn calf.
nuààayuat n. parka, made of skins of a newborn
calf.

134

nuààiayaaq

nuliiq-nuààiayaaq n. newborn fawn or calf. Variant:nukatpiraksraq.

nuààaq.

nuààitáaiqsauq n. female caribou that can't produce

offspring anymore, barren caribou. Syn:aimmaànaq; nagruiáaq.
nuàlu n. buckle; a loop; a knot at end of rope.
nuàluàun n. necklace. Syn: uyamitquaq.
nui- vi. 1) to come into view; to appear; to come out
from behind; to come into view together with, toappear with (comitative). Variant: nuggisi-.
2) to rise. Siqiñiq nuiraqtuq uvlaapayaami.
The sun rises every morning. Syn: alatkaq-.
nuiáak n. 1) neckline (part of a garment). 2) an
opening for a dog's head in the harness.
nuiáakkit- vi. to have a small neckline (of agarment).
nuiáatu- vi. to have a large neckline (of a garment).
nuiááak- vi. to step out and check surroundings, tocheck the weather.
nuima- vi. 1) to project; to stand out. Syn: qatchik-.
2) to have appeared.
nuisa- vi. to be visible. Syn: qiñiànaq-.
nuisapqaq- vi. to barely show, to be barely apparent.
nuiyaaqpak n. 1) large unexpected growth on skin(melanoma). 2) three pronged spear with barbs(big, but shorter than nauligaq). used formuskrats and ducks or fishing. Syn: nauligaq.
Variant: nuyaaqpak; unaaq.
nukaalugiik n. pair of siblings (not twins). Variant:nukatchiaàiik; nukaàiik.
nukaaluk n. younger sibling. Syn: nukaq;
nukatchiaq.
nukaàiik n. pair of siblings. Variant:nukatchiaàiik; nukaalugiik.
nukaq n. younger sibling. Syn: nukaaluk;
nukatchiaq.
nukaqâiq 1) n. youngest child. 2) younger sibling.
Variant: nukaaluk; nukaq.
nukatagaaàruk n. caribou bull, large ~ (justmatured).
nukatagaaluk n. caribou bull, nearly full grown.
nukatagaq n. three-year-old caribou bull. Syn:aäayukâitqik.
nukatagauraq n. two-year old bull. Syn:aäayukâiaàruk.
nukatchiaàiik n. pair of siblings. Variant:nukaalugiik; nukaàiik.
nukatchiaq n. younger sister or brother. Variant:nukaq.
nukatpiaàruk n. boy (before puberty). Syn:aäugauraq.
nukatpialugruaq n. young boy in his teens; a small
boy.
nukatpiaq n. young man (of marriageable age). Syn:

135

nukatpiraksraq n. young man in his late teens or

early twenties (marriageable). Variant:nukatpiàauraq (C); nukatpiáuk.
nukaunàuq n. brother-in-law, sister-in-law (thespouse of one's younger sibling's spouse).
nuki- vi. to crack; to fracture. Syn: iqãaaq-; quqhaq-.
See: qupi-.
nukigáuk n. muscular person. See: aqvaluaq.
nukiàuq n. nerve.
nukik n. cartilage, gristle; tendon; ligament; any endof sinew that is fastened to the bone. Syn: ikik;
natatquq; nuvuliksrat.
nukiãhaaq n. cloth. See: immuaq; kakkiaq.
Variant: ukiãhaaq.
nukiqqut n. 1) fiber of meat. 2) splinter of wood.
Syn: qauqqun.
nukisuàaq n. horned owl. Bubo virginianus.
nukivraak- vi. to stand tiptoe. See: putukkumiraq-.
Variant: nikivraak-; nukivrak-.
nuksi- vt. to record voices.
nuktaaq- vi. to shift (of a house that has shifted), toalter. Tupiàa nuktaaqtuq nuna iáiqsraqman.
My house shifted when the ground moved.
nuktaq- vi. to relocate, to move from place to place(as "permanent" guest).
nuktiq- vi. to relocate, to move to another dwelling.
Syn: iglutiq-; nuut-; tupiqtiq-. Variant:nuktaq-.
nuktit- vt. to move something or someone.
nukuutchiqiq n. belted kingfisher. Megaceryle
alcyon.
nuliaàiik n. 1) married couple. 2) mismatched pair ofthings.
nuliaàiitchiak n. newlyweds.
nuliaàniq n. stinking caribou bull in rutting season.
nuliaàutlaiáaq n. bachelor.
nuliaàvik n. October (C) (caribou breeding time);
September (K).
nuliaksraun n. bride-to-be.
nuliaq n. 1) wife (considered vulgar by some).
Tammna aànaq nuliaàa-uvva. That woman is
my wife. Syn: tuvaaqqan. See: aànaq.
2) female mate (for animal).
nuliaq- vi. to become married (of a man only). See:aäutinik-; uiñik-.
nuliaqan n. co-husband.
nuliaqatigiik co-husbands.
nuliaqqaaq n. the first wife.
nuliaqpak first wife, head wife.
nuliatqiun second wife.
nuliiàñiq n. widower. Variant: nuliiqsuaq.
nuliiq- vi. to lose one's wife, to be widowed. See:
nuliiàñiq; nuliiqsauq.

nuliiqnuliiq- vt. to deprive someone of his wife, to takeaway someone's wife.
nuliiqsauq n. widower. Syn: nuliiàñiq.
nulik- vi. to copulate; to engage in sexual intercourse.
Syn: kuuyak-. See: nipittaq-; piááaktiàluk.
nuliuraq n. 1) girlfriend (of a man). 2) nonresidential wife.
nullaàvik n. camping place; a hotel, inn.
nullaq- vi. to pitch camp; to camp for the night; tostay at a place (e.g. in a hotel or a friend's
house).
nullautchiàaaq- vi. to eat a bedtime snack.
nullautchiãiq n. supper. Variant: nullautaq.
nullautchiq- vi. to eat supper.
nulliàiich n. people related through their children's
marriage.
nulliàiik- vi. to be related through the marriage of
one's children.
nulliq n. the parent of one's son-in-law or daughterin-law.
nulliq- vt. to pursue a bitch (of a dog).
nuluaq- vi. 1) to fall and hurt one's buttocks. Syn:aquvsallak-; niàvalaq-; nivàallak-;
nivvaktaq-; tunuallak-. 2) to break the fine
netting of a snowshoe.
nuluàaq- vt. to use gestures to get someone's
attention, to signal for attention.
nuluq n. fine snowshoe webbing.
nuluqtuq- vi. to motion with arms. Syn: urriqa-.
nuna n. ground; land; earth.
nunaaqqiàmiu n. citizen of a nation; inhabitant of acity, city dweller. See: napaaqtuàmiu;nunamiu.
nunaaqqiq n. city, town; village; any settlement.
Syn: iniqpak; nunauruat.
nunaaqqiqpak n. nation, country; large populated
area. Syn: nunauruat.
nunagiit- vi. 1) to be rocky ground, to be roughground. Syn: tumigiit-. 2) to be poor soil for
gardening.
nunaiqsuq- vi. to be flooded.
nunakäaqtaq n. human [being], earthling.
nunalik n. land owner.
nunamiu n. inland person. See: nunaaqqiàmiu;napaaqtuàmiu.
nunanaq- vi. to get clogged up with driftwood in highwater (of a net).
nunanik- vi. to own land.
nunaäiak 1) n. alder tree. 2)— n. the red outer layer of alder bark; shavingsof willow bark. (Dried, then mixed with hotwater to make kaviääuaq.). See: kaviääuaq.
nunaäiaktaq n. caribou skin dyed with the juice ofthe bark from alder tree (used in sewing

nunuuraqmukluks).

nunaäiali- vi. to start growing.
nunaäialik n. ground along the river where there arealder trees.

nunaääuaq n. map.
nunasiraq- vi. to travel on bare tundra (no snow:
early fall, late spring).

nunasruäniq- vt. to perceive the scent of the ground,soil; etc. (after a rain).

nunataq n. caribou carcass covered with earth (so it
can be picked up later).

nunataq- vt. to fetch some sod.
nunatchi- vi. to cover caribou carcass with sod (in thesummer).

nunauraut- vi. to own a lot of land.
nunauruat n. country; nation; city. Syn: nunaaqqiq;
nunaaqqiqpak.

nunautit n. muskrat feeding ground.
nunavik n. undulating or rolling tundra.
nuniaàun n. loving chant, song or word said to ababy or child (nonsensical or actual syllables),cooing sound made to express affection.
Variant: nuniaàutit.
nuniaq n. fondness.
nuniaq- vi. to express affection; to say sweet
utterances to a baby or child, either in song,
rhyme or chants (many of the sounds are babytalk). Syn: qunu-.
nunniqqun n. 1) plow; pick; hoe. Syn: ivruqsiñ;
piksrun. 2) survey tool.
nunu- vt. 1) to repress a desire; to restrain oneself
from saying something. 2) to choke; to throttle.
Syn: nagguviksraiq-. Variant: nunui-.
nunuq n. person who restrains himself; one whowants to speak up, but holds back; one who
exercises self-control.
nunuq- vt. to pinch; to tighten.
nunuqsiàiiáaq n. 1) bufflehead duck. Bucephalaalbeola. 2) object that is hard to work on (e.g.
fat duck that is hard to pluck). 3) rejecter: aperson who rejects instructions, person who
finds it hard to take rebuke, person who has anobnoxious attitude.
nunuri- vt. to force someone, to coerce; to rape.
nunuripkaq- vi. to be coerced; to be raped.
nunut- vt. to prevent from doing something); to limit
an activity; to control.
nunuu- vt. to regret; to feel sorry. See: saiñàisuk-.
nunuuraliq- vt. to regret, to repent.
nunuuraq- vt. 1) to express regret, disappointment.
Putum nunuuraàaa aullanàiññipáugusuuq.
Putu expressed regret to him that he did notleave. See: saiñàisuk-. 2) to feel sorry. Putu
nunuuraliqsuqtarra utuqaàutlukkami. Putu

136

nuäaktuaàruk

nuviááaun

began feeling sorry [for himself] when he turned
older.
nuäaktuaàruk n. white-crowned sparrow.
Zonotrichia leucophrys.
nuäaktuaàruuraq n. 1) snowbird, snow bunting.
Plectrophenax nivalis. Syn: amautlikkaq;
amauâigaaluk; amauligauraq;
amauligavialuk; amauligaq. 2) slate-coloredjunco. junco hyemalis.
nuäit- vi. to end, to stop. Niàiqpak nuäitman, Putu
aäiáaaànaqsiruq. When the feast had ended, it
was time for Putu to go home.
nuäu- vi. to become depleted; to get used up; to havea worn spot (of fabric, clothes, etc.). See:kalivit-; niqaiq-; paluq-.
nuäuraaq n. candy.
nuäusruq- vi. to have a blister.
nuäut- vt. to deplete, to use up, to exhaust (ofmedicine, food, and such things). Syn: niqaiq-.
See: paluq-.
nuqaàun n. lashing for the lower stands of a basket
sled. See: qiáàun.
nuqaq- vi. to be taut, to be drawn tight. Syn:
qiluqqi-. See: nuqit-.
nuqaq- vt. to attach a taut string (e.g. to a guitar).
See: qilu-; qiluliqsuq-.
nuqaqti n. bowstring; string for instrument.
nuqaqtiligauraq n. violin (small stringed
instrument). See: atuqtuuraq.
nuqaqtilik n. stringed instrument, e.g. guitar. See:
atuqtuuraq.
nuqimik- vi. to pull, to pull hard (pull repeatedly).
Syn: amu-; kalik-; kaäit-; qakit-; qilu-.
Variant: nuqiqsraq-; nuqit-.
nuqit- vi. to draw; to pull taut. Taapkua
kilvaàniqsut umiakun nuqirrutigalugu
kuvraq. They were returning to shore with theboat while pulling the net with them. Syn:kalik-; qiluqqit-; uniaq-. See: nuqaq-.
Variant: nuqimik-.
nuqitaànaq n. automatic rifle with .22 caliber. Syn:sippun; suppun; tati.
nuqitaq- vt. to pull rope (when starting a motor).
nuqitchi- vt. 1) to tow, to pull with a rope. Syn:kalik-; qamuk-. See: ukammaq-; uniaq-.
2) to pull up. Syn: qakit-.
nuqitchiraàaqtuaq n. magnet. Lit: 'one that draws
to itself'. Syn: nipinnaq.
nuqittaun n. rope for pull-start (for starting anengine manually). Syn: aullaqsaun.
nuqittautraq- vi. 1) play tug-of-war, to play stickpull. 2) to pull on something from both sides(e.g. in a game of 'stick-pull').
nusat n. head hair. Syn: nuyat. See: nutchat.

137

nusuktaq- vt. to jerk and pull. Variant:nutchugaq-.

nusruk- vi. to pull free, to fall away.
nusruk- vt. to pluck; to snatch, to pull out. Syn:iàisaq-; iàitchaq-. Variant: nusuk- (C);nutchuk-.
nutaaq n. 1) young person. 2) something new or
fresh. Variant: nutaàaq.
nutaat n. young people. Variant: nutaqqat.
nutaàaq n. 1) fresh powder snow. 2) young person.
Variant: nutaaq.
nutaàiñàaq n. blubber (seal, whale).
nutaiqqi- vi. to die of eating a forbidden food ordoing a forbidden action; to die after goingagainst a certain taboo. See: agliànaq-;
pitchaiái-.
nutaq- vt. to renew; to repair. Syn: iáaaq-;
iâuaqsruq-; tumaqsruq-; tuämiq-. Variant:nutaqtiq-.
nutaqqat n. young people. Variant: nutaat.
nutaqtiq- vt. to renew. Variant: nutaq-.
nutau- vi. to be new; to be young (of people); to be
fresh (of blood).
nutchak- vi. to grow hair; to have excessively long
hair (especially of men).
nutchat n. head hair. Variant: nusat; nuyat.
nutchiqqi- vt. to braid (hair), to do hair.
nutchugaq- vt. to jerk and pull. Syn: nusruk-.
Variant: nutchugai-; nusuktaq-.
nutchuk- vt. to pluck, to pull out. Syn: iàisaq-;
iàitchaq-. Variant: nusruk-.
nutigaq- vi. to jump.
nutik- vi. to leap (out of a crouching position or
sitting position). Syn: misik-.
nutqaq- vi. 1) to stop. 2) to die.
nutqaqtit- vt. to stop something.
nutqiuq- vi. to stop and rest at a place for a certain
time.
nuttagaala- vi. to crackle (especially of a fire).
nuttagaq- vi. to hop.
nuttagayuk n. grasshopper.
nuut- vt. to move something to another place.
nuut- vi. 1) to move to another dwelling, to relocate.
Syn: nuktiq-. 2) to change one's position.
nuutuuyiq n. lynx. Lynx canadensis.
nuvak n. mucus; a cold. See: kakkik.
nuvak- vi. to have a cold.
nuvaksi- vi. to catch a cold. See: kakkiái-.
nuvi- vt. 1) to thread a needle or a sewing machine.
Syn: ivalliq-; ivalu-. 2) pull string through. Syn:ivalliq-; ivalu-.
nuviivak n. fly, house fly.
nuviááaun n. device for weaving nets: shuttle; net
needle.

nuvimmi-

paakäanuvimmi- vi. 1) to aim, to direct thread at the eye of aneedle. Syn: iiguti-. 2) to be threaded (ofneedle).
nuviqsraq- vi. to thread one's way through; toproceed by a winding course (as between
sandbanks or other obstacles).
nuviraq- vi. to penetrate something dense, as a
crowd or a thicket. Syn: qupsik-.
nuvirat n. string of 20 fish; something strung,especially fish string on a willow stick.
nuviya n. cloud. Variant: nuvuya.
nuviyaliq- vi. to become cloudy and overcast.
nuviyalugaaq- vi. to be cloudy (of broken clouds).
Variant: nuvuyalaaq-.
nuviyyiq- vi. to become cloudy.
nuvua n. the summit of a mountain. Lit: 'its top'. See:naqiilàuq.
nuvugaluk n. small promontory. Variant:nuvugauraq.
nuvugaq n. promontory (a ridge of land jutting out
into water).
nuvuk n. point; promontory.
nuvuliksrat n. the cartilage that connects ribs to thebreastbone. Syn: ikik; natatquq; nukik.
nuvviñ n. the line used to string fish.
nuyaaàmik- vi. to grab someone by the hair. Syn:nuyaaqtuq-.
nuyaaqpak n. light-weight spear with three prongs,
used for fishing or hunting muskrats or ducks(lighter than nauligaq). Syn: nuiyaaqpak;
unaaq. See: nauligaq.
nuyaaqtuq- vt. to hurt someone by pulling his hair.
See: nuyaaàmik-.

nuyaàik- vi. to have pretty hair.
nuyaiq- vi. to grow bald. Syn: uti-.
nuyait- n. to be bald.
nuyaääuaq n. wig, artificial hair. Lit: 'play hair'.
nuyappik- vi. to be unkempt: to have hair notcombed and hanging in the eyes; to have sloppy
hair.
nuyaqsiun n. 1) shampoo. 2) hair oil.
nuyat n. head hair. Syn: nusat, nutchat.
nuyuaài- vi. 1) to be in danger. Syn: naäiaq-. 2) tobe filled with fear, to be afraid. Syn: isqi-;
sivuuàa-; tatamaa-.
nuyualiq- vi. in the presence of unseen danger: to beagitated, to be easily distressed, to beapprehensive (an nervous). Syn: nuyuqqak-.
nuyuaq- vi. to be timid.
nuyuaq- vi. 1) to be wary; to be cautious. Syn:iññiäait-; tataigi-. 2) to be easily frightened.
Syn: tatavriummi-.
nuyuaqnaqtuaq n. dangerous situation.
nuyuaqtit- vt. to scare; to intimidate; to frighten.
nuyuiq- vi. 1) to be no longer afraid; to be no longer
timid. 2) to be tamed; to become tame.
nuyuiqsaq- vt. 1) to tame an animal, to domesticate
an animal. Syn: ayuàisaq-; ayuàisraq-. 2) tointimidate a person.
nuyuit- vi. 1) to be unafraid, to be daring (especiallyof animals). 2) to be tame. 3) to stalk a game
animal stealthily.
nuyuqqak- vi. in the presence of unseen danger: tobe agitated, to be easily distressed, to beapprehensive (an nervous). Syn: nuyualiq-.

Ñ - ññaañaaq excl. go to bed! ("baby talk" used cooinglyñia

to a baby).
excl. expression equivalent to "don't do that or"don't say that".

ñiaq! excl. don't do that!

P - p
paa

n. 1) entry; doorway. 2) the mouth of a river,delta. Kuugum paaäa iraqturuq. The riverdelta is wide. Syn: isiàiaq; isiqsaaàniq.
paa- vt. pin someone down. Syn: siimik-.
paa- vt. 1) to clench, to close tightly (due to a muscle
spasm: of jaws, fists, etc.); to experience"lockjaw". Syn: qiiligruk-. Variant: paaruk-.
2) to surround ; to encircle.
paachaq n. barge. Syn: skuaàruaq.
paaàurraq- vi. to paddle with a double-bladed

paddle (for a qayaq). See: paaàutik. Variant:paaàuutitaq-; paaäuutitaq-; paäak-.
paaàuti- vt. to meet (of two persons, their paths
crossing). Syn: paaq-; paaqsi-.
paaàutik n. long double-bladed paddle for qayaq.
Variant: paaäuutik.
paaàuutitaq- vi. to paddle a qayaq with a doublebladed paddle. Variant: paaàurraq-.
paakäa dem.adv. from up there. See: pagga.
Variant: paaääa.

138

paalaaq

paggisi-paakäaq- vi. to come from up there.
paakäauti- vt. to bring from up there (focus:

paaqâaäa- vi. to be recalcitrant, to be contrary. Syn:goal).
paalaaq n. cooked intestines (generally of squirrel,
ptarmigan, rabbit or muskrat).
paalik n. exit, entryway.
paallak- vi. to fall forward (on front of body). Syn:paasaaq-; palluqhiaq-; pusikkaq-;
puukkaq-.
paallakkataq- to fall forward repeatedly.
paallakataaliq- vi. to stagger (repeatedly in dangerof toppling over: of a drunk person). Syn:sanipchaaq-; suniqaktuq-. See: uviàaaq-.
paallaksraaq- vi. to fall forward (with arms
outstretched). Syn: paallak-; paasaaq-;
palluqhiaq-; pusikkaq-.
paamàuaq n. creeping, crawling animal; seal
crawling on the ice (his breathing hole having
frozen over).
paamàuat n. loading area on a flat freight sled.
paamàuq- vi. to crawl, to creep (of seal on ice, or
person wanting to get seal). Variant:paammak-.
paammak- vi. to crawl. Variant: paamàuq-.
paani dem.adv. located up there. See: pagga.
paaniaäagun through the general area up there(vialis).
paaniaäani located the general area up there(locative).
paaniaäaniñ from the general area up there(ablative).
paaniaäanun toward the general area up there(terminalis).
paanik- vi. to have a door.
paaääa (C) dem.adv. from up there. See: pagga.
Variant: paakäa.
paaääaq- vi. to come from up there.
paaääauti- vt. to bring from up there (focus:goal).
paaäuutik n. long double-bladed paddle for qayaq.
Variant: paaàutik.
paaäuutitaq- vi. to paddle a qayaq with a doublebladed paddle. Variant: paaàurraq-;paaàuutitaq-; paäak-.
paapa n. father (term of endearment). Variant: papa.
paaq- vt. to meet (as when whaling, running,
traveling). Syn: kasuq-; kati-; nalaut-;paràuti-. See: iññiq-; uumiäaaq-. Variant:paaqsi-.
paaqtuq- to plan to meet a person on trail(intending to help).
paaqâak- vt. to deliberately disobey a command; togo against another's wishes. Variant:paaqsaaq-.

139

parrakâak-. Variant: paaqsaaäa-.

paaqsaaàuti- vi. to pass each other. Syn:apqusraiññaq-.

paaqsaaäa- vi. to be recalcitrant, to be contrary.
Variant: paaqâaäa-.

paaqsaaq- vt. to refuse or fail to obey, to flout; to go
against someone's wishes. Variant: paaqâak-.

paaqsakkatautaiãiq n. avoidance of conflict.
paaqsakkatautait- vt. to avoid conflict. See:pasiñaq-.

paaqsi- vt. to meet on the way. Variant: paaq-;
paràuti-.

paaqtuq- vt. 1) to penetrate (of the wind blowing

directly through door or tent flap). Syn: puturi-;
taplik-. 2) to face the wind. Talu paaqtuàaa
anuàim. The wind is facing (against) the door.
Syn: arguq-; argutmuk-; paggaq-; paqqiuq-.
See: tunuluqaaq-.
paaqtutik n. double-bladed oar.
paaqtutmun pos.adv. to the weather side; to the sidefrom which the wind blows; toward luff. See:
paaqtuq-.
paaruk- vi. to clench, to close tightly (of jaws in a
muscle spasm, fists, etc.); to experience lockjaw.
Syn: qiiligruk-. Variant: paa-.
paasaaq- vi. to stumble; to fall forward accidentally.
Syn: paallak-; paallaksraaq-; palluqhiaq-;
pusikkaq-; putukkit-; puukkaq-.
paatitaaq n. 1) wild chives. Allium schoenoprasum.
2) Onion Portage along the Kobuk River.
paatnaak n. partners (two male friends). (It is
common for two friends from different villages
to be such partners in that they exchange gifts
from their respective villages. This is especiallytrue between coastal and inland village friends.).
paatnaq- vi. to be a partner.
paatnaàiik- to be partners (two).
paatuqtuq n. 1) evil spirit. 2) shaman's dance(shaman is using wolf mittens and wolf mask.
At a certain time he jumps through a hole in thewall, which is just big enough for wolf dancer topass through.).
pagga dem.adv. up there: visible, moving/extended,
above: visible. Syn: pakma; pitcha. See:paani, pauäa, paakäa (paaääa), pauna see charts.
paggaq- vi. to walk, struggling against the wind. Syn:paqqiuq-; arguq-; argutmuk-; paaqtuq-.
See: tunuluqaaq-.
paggisi- vt. to babysit. Miiyuum paggisigaa
iáannaàmi qitunàauraäa. Miiyuk isbabysitting her friend's child. Syn: nayuqtuaq-.
Variant: paggitri-.

paggitri
paggitri n. babysitter.
paggutaq n. windbreak, windshield. Syn: taalutaq;

uquutaq.
paggutchiq- vi. to install a door.
paàla- vi. to greet visitors or people who returned
home.
paàlatyaq- to greet someone purposely.
paàlan n. welcome greeting or song.
paàlarit n. greeters (at a meeting).
paàlii- vt. to address someone (with a publicgreeting).
pai n. 1) mountain trout. Syn: kuuààuàmiutaq.
2) person who stays behind.
pai- vi. 1) to stay home, to stay behind. Variant:paiyugaaq-. 2) to be left at home when others
go out or away.
-pai encl. indicating owner of something.
paiáiñäu- vi. to feel deserted, to be left at homealone. See: aisuliq-.
paipiuraq n. baby.
paisaq n. memento; souvenir; inheritance.
paisaq- vt. to inherit. Variant: paitchak-.
paisat n. heritage (items to be inherited). See:
paitchaktaaksralik.
paisugruk n. redbreasted merganser duck. Mergus
serrator.
paitchak- vt. to inherit.
paitchaksraun n. inheritance (future, not available
yet).
paitchaktaaksralik n. heir (the person who will
receive an inheritance). See:
paitchaktaksrautilik; paisat.
paitchaktaksrautilik n. heir (one whose
inheritance is kept for him until he is of age).
See: paitchaktaaksralik.
paitchi- vt. to will, to give as an inheritance orsouvenir. Syn: atchiq-; iññiq-.
paiviit n. four-posted fish racks.
pakak- vt. to look for something; to search throughthings. Syn: ivaq-; nasriqsruq-; qiñaa-;qiñiàniaq-; umiq-.
pakaktit n. search and rescue team (a team ofpeople who look for lost persons).
pakaktit- vt. to search.
pakaqtu- vi. to get into everything, to snoop around;to look for something (generally said of a child).
pakik- vt. 1) to squeeze a trigger. 2) to dig with hands
or fingers.
pakimmaàluk- vi. to search in the wrong direction
or in the wrong place.
pakimna dem.pron. that one up there (not visible)(Absolutive, sing.).
pakivruma that one up there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: pakiptuma (C).

pakkuapakivrumani that one up there (locative).
Variant: pakiptumani (C).

pakivrumuäa toward that one up there(terminalis). Variant: pakiptumuäa (C).

pakivrumakäa from that one up there(ablative). Variant: pakiptumaääa (C).

pakivrumuuna through that one up there(vialis). Variant: pakiptumuuna (C).

pakivrumatun like that one up there (similaris).
Variant: pakiptumatun (C).

pakivrumiäa that one up there, with that one up
there (modalis). Variant: pakiptumiäa (C).

pakiñik- vt. 1) pull something towards oneself bygrasping its far edge. See: pakik-. 2) to touch
someone's shoulder to get his attention. Syn:aksik-; tinniqsi-; patik-. See: aktuq-; savit-.
3) to push aside.
pakiñik- vi. to climb with difficulty, pulling oneself
up by holding on with finger tips. Syn: mayuq-.
pakipkua dem.pron. those up there (not visible). See:pakimna, pakipkuak.
pakipkunani those up there (locative).
pakipkunuäa toward those up there (terminalis).
pakipkunakäa from those up there (ablative).
Variant: pakipkunaääa (C).
pakipkunuuna through those up there (vialis).
pakipkunatun like those up there (similaris).
pakipkuniäa those up there, with those up there(modalis).
pakipkuak dem.pron. those two up there (notvisible). See: pakimna, pakipkua.
pakipkuänaäni those two up there (locative).
pakipkuänuäa toward those two up there(terminalis).
pakipkuänakäa from those two up there(ablative). Variant: pakipkuänaääa (C).
pakipkuänuuna through those two up there(vialis).
pakipkuänaktun like those two up there(similaris).
pakipkuäniäa those two up there, with those two
up there (modalis).
pakirgutit n. snow rake made from caribou antlers.
Syn: kamigaq; kumigaun.
pakkiq n. hole; place that has been dug out.
pakkua dem.pron. those up there. See: paäna,
pakkuak.
pakkunani those up there (locative).
pakkunuäa toward those up there (terminalis).
pakkunakäa from those up there (ablative).
Variant: pakkunaääa (C).
pakkunuuna through those up there (vialis).
pakkunatun like those up there (similaris).
pakkuniäa those up there, with those up there140pakkuakpalut-(modalis).

paksrak- vi. to dig into the ground: with claws or

pakkua.

paksrakti n. digger, person who digs holes (e.g.

(terminalis).

paksruksaq- vt. to snare [it] with a spring trap.
palaääak- vi. to improve one's condition or

pakkuak dem.pron. those two up there. See: paäna,
pakkuänaäni those two up there (locative).
pakkuänuäa toward those two up there

paws.

graves).

pakkuänakäa from those two up there(ablative). Variant: pakkuänaääa (C).
pakkuänuuna through those two up there(vialis).
pakkuänaktun like those two up there(similaris).
pakkuäniäa those two up there, with those two
up there (modalis).
pakma dem.adv. up there: not visible, up above;
heaven. Syn: pikka; pagga. See: pakmani,
pakmuäa, pakmakäa, pakmuuna - seecharts. Variant: paäma; paämani, paämuäa,
pakmaääa, paämuuna.
pakma adv. right now, at this present time,presently. Variant: pakmami; pakmapak.
pakmakäa dem.adv. from up there (not visible),from heaven. See: pakma. Variant:paämaääa.
pakmakäaq- vi. to come from up there.
pakmakäauti- vt. to bring from up there (focus:goal).
pakmakäataq- vi. to be heavenly. Syn:qiáakäaqtaq-.
pakmani dem.adv. located up there somewhere;
heaven. See: pakma. Variant: paämani.
pakmaniaäagun through the general area up
there somewhere (vialis).
pakmaniaäani located in the general area up
there somewhere (locative).
pakmaniaäaniñ from the general area up there
somewhere (ablative).
pakmaniaäanun toward the general area up
there somewhere (terminalis).
pakmanunaglaan adv. until now, until the present.
pakmuäa dem.adv. toward up there (not visible).
See: pakma. Variant: paämuäa.
pakmuäatmun dem.adv. toward up there.
pakmuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward up there(focus: direction).
pakmuäaq- vi. to go toward up there (focus:
actor).
pakmuäauti- vt. to take toward up there (focus:goal).
pakmuuna dem.adv. through up there (not visible);through heaven. See: pakma. Variant:paämuuna.
pakmuunaaq- vi. to go through up there.
paknamaaàik- vi. to be dressed well.

141

behavior; to become less severe. Variant:palaäa-.
palapkaaq n. wall tent; tent. Syn: tupiq. Variant:panapkaaq.
palapkarriq- vi. to erect a tent.
palaq- vi. to be worthless.
palaq- vt. 1) to defeat with minimal effort, taking
revenge (either verbally or physically). 2) toreprimand and succeed in the accusation,
defeating the denial of the other.
palaq- vi. 1) to get less punishment than one deserves.
2) to gloat over something.
palauvaaq n. gravy (mixture of flour and broth).
palauvak n. flour. Syn: mukkaaq.
paliq- vi. to be dry. Variant: paliuma-.
paliuma- vi. to be dry (state).
palliksraq n. 1) arctic cotton (cotton grass; used tostart fires). Eriophorum spp. 2) cotton fromfireweed (used for tinder). Epilobium
angustifolium. 3) pussy willow cotton (used fortinder). Salix spp.
palliq n. 1) dry wood. 2) old fashioned outer
entryway.
pallitchat n. hot rocks used to melt snow for drinking
water.
palluàiitäutaq n. substitute.
palluäa- vi. 1) to lie prone, to lie face down. 2) tocrouch with one's head lowered. Syn: qumaq-.
palluq- vi. 1) to become pronated, to bend forward.
Syn: punäa-; pusikkaq-. 2) to crouch, to bend
down. Syn: pusiäa-; qumaq-. See: qumataq-.
palluq- vt. to invert something, to turn something
upside-down (e.g. a cup, pot, etc). Variant:palut-; ulit-.
palluqhiaq- vi. to fall forward (with outstretchedarms). Syn: paallak-; paasaaq-;
paallaksraaq-; pusikkaq-; puukkaq-.
palluqhiaqtaq- fall forward repeatedly. Variant:paallakkataq-.
palu- vi. to be in bad condition (mentally or
physically).
paluäaiyaq- vt. to prepare supplies, to prepare for atrip. Syn: puukatchi-. Variant: upaluäaiyaq-.
paluq n. set of traps covered with deep snow.
paluq- vi. to be depleted, to be out of groceries orfood. Syn: kalivit-; niqaiq-; upaluq-. See:nuäut-.
palut- vt. to invert, to turn upside down. Syn: ulit-.

paâu-

paniiä
Variant: palluq-.

Greenland.

paâu- vi. to droop (of a dog's ears).
paâuäa- vi. to be droopy (of a dog's ears).
paâuq- vi. to capsize, to completely overturn. See:pamiuq n. tail (of animals, not birds or fish). Syn:paâuqtaq n. beaver; beaver trim for mukluk.
paâutaq n. dog with hanging ears.
pamakäa dem.adv. from back there. See: pamma.

pamiuqtuuq n. land otter. Lutra canadensis.
pamma dem.adv. back there: not visible, away fromqayau-. Variant: kitñu-; umiu-.

Variant: pamaääa.
pamakäaq- vi. to come from back there.
pamakäauti- vt. to bring from back there(focus: goal).
pamani dem.adv. located back there. See: pamma.
pamaniaäagun through the general area backthere (vialis).
pamaniaäani located in the general area backthere (locative).
pamaniaäaniñ from the general area back there(ablative).
pamaniaäanun toward the general area backthere (terminalis).
pamaääa (C) dem.adv. from back there. See:pamma. Variant: pamakäa.
pamaääaq- vi. to come from back there.
pamaääauti- vt. to bring from back there(focus: goal).
pamarrun n. catering service.
pamat- vt. to pamper someone, to cater to someone's
every need. Variant: pamatchi-.
pamatchi- vt. to pamper someone, to cater tosomeone's every need. Variant: pamat-.
pamialuk n. 1) tailbone, sacrum. Syn: kuutchiñiq.
Variant: pamiaâuk; pamiuàayaaq. 2) backflap of pants above belt.
pamiaâuk n. tail bone (sacrum). Variant: pamialuk;pamiuàayaaq.
pamiààiáa- vi. to wag the tail (of dogs). Syn: pamii-.
pamiàvik n. 1) the place where one was raised,hometown; one's birthplace. Syn: nagguvik.
2) the person by whom one was raised. Syn:iñuguàvik.
pamii- vi. to wag its tail (of a dogs). Syn: pamiààiáa-;pamiuqi-; pamiula-.
pamiqsaaq n. pet animal.
pamiqsaq- vi. to raise a young one (especially a
puppy or bear cub). See: iñuguqtit-;iñukkuksaq-.
pamiuàayaaq n. the tailbone (sacrum). Syn:kuutchiñiq. Variant: pamialuk; pamiaâuk.
pamiuàvik n. 1) fur from area next to wolverine's
tail. 2) wolverine ruff for woman's parka. Syn:tulugauraq. See: isiàvikpagaaq; siñiksraq.
pamiulik n. 1) game fur. 2) animal with a tail.
3) parka with a tail, as worn in Canada or

papiàuq. See: papik; sipik.

pamiuqtaq n. man's belt with tail in back. See: tapsi;
tiàiksraq.

speaker and listener, toward back there, toward
mountains. Syn: pavva; piñña. See: pamani,
pamuäa, pamakäa (pamaääa), pamuuna see charts.
pamna dem.pron. that one back there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: papkuak, papkua.
pavruma that one back there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: paptuma (C).
pavrumani that one back there (locative).
Variant: paptumani (C).
pavrumuäa toward that one back there(terminalis). Variant: paptumuäa (C).
pavrumakäa from that one back there(ablative). Variant: paptumaääa (C).
pavrumuuna through that one back there(vialis). Variant: paptumuuna (C).
pavrumatun like that one back there (similaris).
Variant: paptumatun (C).
pavrumiäa that one back there, with that one
back there (modalis). Variant: paptumiäa (C).
pamuäa dem.adv. toward back there (not visible).
See: pamma.
pamuäatmun dem.adv. toward back there.
pamuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward backthere (focus: direction).
pamuäaq- vi. to go toward back there (focus:
actor).
pamuäauti- vt. to take toward back there (focus:goal).
pamuuna dem.adv. through back there (not visible),through the area behind (not visible), throughthe area back toward the mountains. See:pamma.
pamuunaaq- vi. to go through back there.
pana n. 1) porcupine quill. 2) spear without barbs;
spear, two-edged cutter.
pana- vt. to spear something. Syn: naulik-.
panauq- to spear something repeatedly.
panapkaaq n. wall tent; tent. Syn: tupiq. Variant:palapkaaq.
panigaqsi- vi. to become dry. Syn: pannakâuk-;paniqsi-.
paniàruktat n. partly dried meat or fish, cooked andstored in seal oil. Syn: paniqâuktat. See:
iyamaaqâuk; igamaaqâuk.
paniiä voc. expression used by a parent. English
equivalent is 'my dear daughter'. Syn:

142

panikpapkuaaañuäuuraaä; tutiiä. See: nuniaàun.

panik n. daughter.
paniq- vi. to become dry; to lose weight, to becomeskinny. Qanuqhuni manna napaaqtuaq
paniqtiqpauä? How did this tree wither sofast? Variant: panigaqsi-; pannakâuk-.
paniqâuktat n. partly dried meat or fish. Syn:paniàruktat.
paniqsi- vi. to dry out. Variant: panigaqsi-.
paniqsiq- vt. to [make] dry, to remove moisture, todehydrate. Syn: pannakâuk-. See: tugvaq-;
tutquq-.
paniqsirriuti- vt. to dehydrate, to set out to dry (e.g.
fish for paniqtaq). Syn: parruk-. See:panigaqsi-. Variant: paniqsi-.
paniqtaq n. dried meat or fish. Syn: paniqtuuraq;
pivsiraq. See: iqmaktaq; uuyurat; kiniqtat.
Variant: paniqtuq.
paniqtuuq- vi. to dry a skin slowly (by working itwith hands while tanning it).
paniqtuuraq n. small, dried whitefish. Syn:pivsiraq.
pannaàik- vi. to be very dry, to be dry enough.
pannakâuk- vi. to be parched, to be dried out. Syn:panigaqsi-; paniq-.
pannakâuk- vt. to desiccate, to dehydrate, to dry out
thoroughly. Syn: paniqsiq-.
pannaksaq- vi. to diet, to go on a reducing diet.
pannaq n. skinny, thin person or animal.
pannau- vi. to be thin, to be skinny.
pannayasi- vi. to become skinny. Syn: paniq-.
paäak- vi. to paddle a qayaq swiftly with a doublebladed paddle. Syn: paaàuutitaq-;
paaàurraq-.
paäalik- vi. to gallop; to run (of animals). See:aqpat-.
paäma (C) dem.adv. up there: not visible, up above;
heaven. Syn: pikka; pagga. See: paämani,paämuäa, paämaääa, paämuuna - seecharts. Variant: pakma; pakmani, pakmuäa,
pakmakäa, pakmuuna.
paämani dem.adv. located up there somewhere. See:paäma. Variant: pakmani.
paämaniaäagun through the general area up
there somewhere (vialis).
paämaniaäani located in the general area up
there somewhere (locative).
paämaniaäaniñ from the general area up there
somewhere (ablative).
paämaniaäanun toward the general area up
there somewhere (terminalis).
paämaääa (C) dem.adv. from up there (notvisible), from heaven (not visible). See: paäma.
Variant: pakmakäa.

143

paämaääaq- vi. to come from up there.
paämaääauti- vt. to bring from up there (focus:goal).

paämuäa dem.adv. toward up there (not visible).
See: paäma. Variant: pakmuäa.

paämuäatmun dem.adv. toward up there.
paämuäatmuk- vi. to transition toward up there(focus: direction).

paämuäaq- vi. to go toward up there.
paämuäauti- vt. to take toward up there (focus:goal).

paämuuna dem.adv. through up there (not visible);through heaven. See: paäma. Variant:pakmuuna.
paämuunaaq- vi. to go through up there.
paäna dem.pron. that one up there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: pakkuak, pakkua.
pagruma that one up there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: paktuma (C).
pagrumani that one up there (locative). Variant:paktumani (C).
pagrumuäa toward that one up there(terminalis). Variant: paktumuäa (C).
pagrumakäa from that one up there (ablative).
Variant: paktumaääa (C).
pagrumuuna through that one up there (vialis).
Variant: paktumuuna (C).
pagrumatun like that one up there (similaris).
Variant: paktumatun (C).
pagrumiäa that one up there, with that one up
there (modalis). Variant: paktumiäa (C).
paäniq n. caribou bull. See: immulivik.
papa n. 1) pepper. 2) dad. Variant: paapa.
papaâiq- vt. to pepper something, to sprinkle pepper
on something.
papiàuq n. fish tail. Syn: sipik. See: pamiuq; papik.
papik n. 1) bird's tail. See: pamiuq; sipik. 2) the top
rear edge of skin pants. 3) the back side lengthof a parka or snow shirt.
papiktuuq n. marsh hawk. Circus cyaneus.
papiqqiáa- vi. 1) to wiggle, to move in spasmodic
jerks (as a fish after it is caught). 2) to wag tail(of a dog).
papit- vi. to sneeze (caused by pepper).
papkua dem.pron. those back there. See: pamna,
papkuak.
papkunani those back there (locative).
papkunuäa toward those back there(terminalis).
papkunakäa from those back there (ablative).
Variant: papkunaääa (C).
papkunuuna through those back there (vialis).
papkunatun like those back there (similaris).
papkuniäa those back there, with those back

papkuakthere (modalis).

papkuak dem.pron. those two back there. See:pamna, papkua.

papkuänaäni those two back there (locative).
papkuänuäa toward those two back there(terminalis).

papkuänakäa from those two back there(ablative). Variant: papkuänaääa (C).

papkunuuna through those two back there(vialis).

papkuänaktun like those two back there(similaris).

papkuäniäa those two back there, with those
two back there (modalis).

paplu n. the handle of an ulu or skin scraper.
Variant: pavlu.

papri- vt. to bother, to needle, to tease, to pester (as todistract). Syn: aavri-; maagri-; sanmikãiq-.

papriñaq- vi. to be a pest; to be mischievous; to bebothersome. Syn: iñukâuqutau-; iñunäunaq-.

paptaaq- vi. to baptize, to administer baptism.
paqit- vt. to find something. Aullaqsruutnaà-una

paqitkiga qanisamniñ. This berry-picking tool
I found in my entry way.
paqittaaq n. found item, something found.
paqna- vt. to prepare, to get ready. Putu
paqnamaiáaaq aullaqtuq. Putu left without
preparations. See: taaktatchiaq-.
paqnasriuq- vi. to prepare ammunition shells; to fillbullets with lead.
paqnatit n. ammunition for empty shells; lead forbullets.
paqnan ammunition.
paqqiuq- vi. to walk, struggling against the wind.
Syn: paggaq-. See: arguq-; argutmuk-;
paaqtuq-.
paqquti- vt. to find each other (of two people).
paqtiàraq n. drawstring on knee-high mukluks.
para n. butter.
paràuti- vt. to meet (each other) while walking,running, traveling, etc. Syn: paaàuti-; paaq-.
parrakâak- vt. to violently oppose, to vehemently
contradict. Syn: paaqâaäa.
parruk- vi. to be in the process of drying (not quitedry). Syn: paniqsirriuti-. See:
iyamaaqâuksraq.
pasi n. 1) finding of fault: blame, denunciation.
2) responsibility for an error or crime: guilt,
culpability. 3) condemnation, criticism.
pasi- vt. 1) to find fault: to blame, to accuse, to findsomeone guilty. Syn: pasiuq-; patchisigi-. 2) toexpress disapproval: to condemn, to criticize.
Variant: pasri-.
pasiaq- vt. to warm oneself by the fire. Syn: auksiq-;

patchisaiyaqauktuuq-; naniaq-; pasiksiaq-; pasriksiq-.

pasigi- vt. to regard with fear or caution (e.g. to shun asick person, fearing to be contaminated), to keepaway from, to avoid. Syn: agliài-; pasiñaq-;quäuqsraq-. See: igáiq-; naäaq-; quäuài-.
pasik- vi. to become scorched, to become singed, tocome too close to a fire. Variant: pasrik-.
pasiksiaq- vt. 1) to make warm, to warm by a sourceof heat. Variant: auksiq-; auktuuq-; naniaq-.
2) to warm oneself by the fire. Syn: auksiq-;
auktuuq-; naniaq-; pasiaq-; pasriksiq-.
pasiksitaun n. griddle. Variant: pasiktaaàvik.
pasiñaq- vi. to be suspicious; to be blameworthy; tobe liable to be blamed. See:paaqsakkatautait-.
pasiñaq- vt. to avoid others (because of sickness or
superstition). Syn: agliài-; quäuqsraq-. See:igáiq-; naäaq-; pasigi-; quäuài-. Variant:pasriñaq-.
pasiuq- vt. 1) to question someone (with purpose tolet him confess), to interrogate. 2) to accuse
someone. See: pasi-; pasri-; patchisigi-.
pasri- vt. 1) to find fault: to blame, to accuse, to findsomeone guilty. Syn: pasiuq-; patchisigi-. 2) toexpress disapproval: to condemn, to criticize.
Variant: pasi- (C).
pasrigaksrait- vi. 1) to be faultless, to have nothing
in one's nature for which one could be faulted.
2) have no one to blame. Variant: pasiaksrait(C).
pasrik- vi. to become scorched, to become singed, tocome too close to a fire. Variant: pasik-.
pasriksiq- vt. to warm oneself by a fire. Syn:auksiq-; auktuuq-; naniaq-; pasiaq-;
pasiksiaq-.
pasritñik- vt. to accuse; to blame someone.
patala- vi. 1) to grope, to feel one's way in the dark.
2) to get ready in a hurry.
patalài- vt. to pet, to caress something or someone.
Syn: kunipiq-; savit-.
patchiñ n. reason, cause of action.
patchisaikkauâiq n. liberty; freedom.
patchisaiáaaq- vi. to be innocent; to be without
blame.
patchisaiq- vt. 1) to free; to remove guilt. 2) toredeem. Syn: satuq-; tasuq-.
patchisaiqsi n. redeemer. See: anniqsuqti.
patchisairvik n. freedom, liberty.
patchisait- vi. to be free, to be liberated.
patchisaiyaâiq n. acquittal; a judgment, as by a jury
or judge, that a defendant is not guilty of a crime
as charged. Syn: suliqutigiäaiqsauniq.
patchisaiyaq- vt. to settle something, to put things
right with someone; to talk something over with144

patchisau-pauäa

someone; to set a situation right with someone.
Syn: aääiiyaq-.
patchisau- vi. to be guilty; to be blamed.
patchisi n. cover-up, scapegoat, excuse (for one's
own mistake).
patchisigi- vt. 1) to accuse; to blame. Syn: pasi-;
pasiuq-; pasri-. 2) to scapegoat, to use as ascapegoat, to make a scapegoat of.
patchisiqsuq- vi. to make excuses (with no goodreason), to excuse oneself. Iñuich iluqatiä
patchisiqsuaqsiñiqsut. All the people began tomake excuses.
patchisiquti- vi. to find fault; accuse (enumerating all
wrongs).
patchitchiq- vt. to make a claim of wrongdoing, tocharge, to attribute blame to, to incriminate; tosearch reasons for blaming someone. Aäutim
avitpagu nuliani patchitchiàuni
supayaanik, maliàutaksrakuaànaqpa? If a
man divorces his wife for any reason, is that
lawful?
patik- vt. to slap, to clap. See: mapkutit-;siqiãhatit-.
pattaq- to slap more than once. Putu
patiàuktuq. Putu wants to clap (his hands).
patik- vt. to touch, to lay hands on. Syn: aksik-;aktua-; aktuq-; pakiñik-; savit-; tinniqsi-.
patiksi- vt. to slap someone. Syn: iqquaq-;
iqsraaq-; pattak-.
patiktit- vi. 1) to align two thingsso they touch eachother; lean against a wall. Syn: akuqtu-;
anagusrima-; tati-; tunäauraaq-. 2) to getslapped (with hands).
patiq n. marrow.
patiq- vi. to eat caribou leg marrow.
patiqsruk- vi. to suck marrow from a bone.
patit- vi. to be frozen solid all the way to the bottom(of shallow water).
patkutaq n. fly swatter; a mosquito fan.
patkutaqtuun n. round wooden scoop (used forpicking blueberries by gently tapping each small
blueberry cluster/bush with the dipper andhaving the berries fall into a receptacle). Syn:qalluttaqtuun.
patlik- vi. to be near the edge.
patliguti- to be near something.
pattak- vt. to spank, to slap. Syn: iqquaqtaq-;
iqsraaq-; patiksi-.
pattakula- vi. to clap hands; to applaud. Syn: patik-.
Variant: pattaktuq-.
pattaq n. Eskimo drill. Syn: niuàaun; niuqtuun.
pattaqtuq- vi. to use a drill. Syn: niuàaq-;niuqtuq-.
pattuq- vt. to injure one's spouse, to mistreat one's

145

spouse; to abuse one's spouse. See: piyaquâuk-.

pattuti- vt. to corner an animal. Variant: pattuvik-.
pattutliq- to corner an animal (the immediate
action).

pattutrau- vi. to be cornered by a hunter (of ananimal). Syn: kaäiàaaq-.

pattuvik- vt. to be corner an animal. Variant:pattuti-.

patukpak n. brass, bronze. Syn: uvluyuiáaq.
paugaq n. tent peg; a stake.
pauk- vt. to sting (of an insect).
pauk- vt. to stake and stretch a skin to the groundwith pegs, to peg a skin to the snow or to theground to stretch it. Syn: iññiaq-; ivaq-. See:
qiluqqit-. Variant: pauksi-.
pauktaq n. skin staked to the ground (for stretching).
See: iññiaqtaq.
pauktaun n. sled brake, any stick or a rod used as
sled brake. Syn: akikaun; kinatagun.
pauktuq- vt. to stake a skin on ground.
pauktuun n. peg (used for stretching a skin on snow
or ground); tent stake.
paula n. soot (fine particles, mostly of carbon,
produced by complete combustion of wood, oil,and other fuels).
paulaàuq- vi. to become dirty with soot, to becomesooty. Syn: paut-.
paulaq- to become sooty.
paulaiyaq- vt. 1) to clean a gun barrel. 2) to removesoot from stove pipes.
paulaiyaun n. 1) cleaning rod (used to clean a gun
barrel). Syn: allaàun; salummaun. 2) stove
pipe cleaner, soot remover.
paulatiq- vi. to blacken, to become black. Syn:pautiq-; pauya-.
paulàin n. shovel.
paulliqi- vt. to work with soot.
paulliqiri n. chimney sweeper.
paullit- vt. to cover with soot, to soil with soot. Syn:paut-.
paumit- vi. to itch. Syn: kumaksruk-; pupik-;uäiáak-. See: uuq-.
pauna dem.adv. through the general area up there,
through higher ground. See: pagga.
paunaaq- vi. to go through the general area up
there.
paunàaq n. crowberry, blackberry. Empetrun
nigrum.
paunàaqutaq n. leave/needle of blackberry or crowberry.
pauäa dem.adv. toward up there. See: pagga.
pauäatmun dem.adv. toward up there.
pauäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward up there(focus: direction).

pauäniq
pauäaq- vi. to go toward up there; to travel

toward inland; to travel uphill, to travel up a
mountain (focus: actor).
pauäauti- vt. to take toward up there (focus:goal).
pauäniq n. insect bite.
pauääaak n. hip boots; rubber boots; hip boots(made of seal skin).
pauq n. louse, found on muskrats. Syn: kumak.
pauq- vi. to flap wings, to fly by beating the air withthe wings.
paut- vt. to scatter soot on something, to soil with soot.
Syn: paullit-.
pautiq- vi. to blacken, to become black (as fromsoot). Syn: paulatiq-.
pauvsaruaq- vi. to tickle (as with a feather). Syn:
qaallai-.
pauya- vi. to become sooty (as a lamp when the
wick is too high).
pavakäa dem.adv. from back there. See: pavva.
Variant: pavaääa.
pavakäaq- vi. to come from back there.
pavakäauti- vt. to bring from back there (focus:goal).
pavani dem.adv. located back there. See: pavva.
pavaniaäagun through the general area backthere (vialis).
pavaniaäani located in the general area backthere (locative).
pavaniaäaniñ from the general area back there(ablative).
pavaniaäanun toward the general area backthere (terminalis).
pavaääa (C) dem.adv. from back there. See: pavva.
Variant: pavakäa.
pavaääaq- vi. to come from back there.
pavaääauti- vt. to bring from back there (focus:goal).
pavlu n. handle of an ulu or skin scraper. Variant:paplu.
pavuäa dem.adv. toward back there. See: pavva.
pavuäatmun dem.adv. toward back there.
pavuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward backthere (focus: direction).
pavuäaq- vi. to go toward back there (focus:
actor).
pavuäauti- vt. to take toward back there (focus:goal).
pavuuna dem.adv. through the general area backthere, through higher ground. See: pavva.
pavuunaaq- vi. to go through the general area
back there.
pavva dem.adv. back there: moving/extended, awayfrom shore, toward mountains. Syn: pamma;

pichakäa
piñña. See: pavani, pavuäa, pavakäa(pavaääa), pavuuna - see charts.
payaapak n. feeble, weak person.
payaksaq- vi. to find things difficult (moving or
handling something).
payaäa- vi. to be weak; to lack physical strength. Syn:saäiit-.
paya- to weak, to be lacking physical strength.
payaäaiksruusiq- vt. to fasten; to secure well.
Variant: payaäiqsruq-.
payaäaiq- vi. 1) to become solid (e.g. ice), to bemade unbreakable (e.g. boat frame). 2) to be
steadfast, to be firm, to be unshakable (also of
character).
payaäait- vi. 1) to be solid, to be unbreakable. 2) to
be fastened; to fit snugly.
payaäniuq- vi. to struggle. Syn: siààaqi-.
payari- vt. 1) to overcome; to win in competition.
Syn: aki-; akiiái-; anaqhiala-. 2) to coerce, tocompel, to force someone to yield to pressure.
payguti- vt. to serve food to someone.
payuk- vi. to bring a gift of food or supplies. See:malàuuttaq-; niàiñaq-.
payyit- vi. to quit, finding oneself incapable. See:nika-.
pi- base. verb substitute (to which any postbase or
suffix may be added). See: su-; na-.
piagun n. wax, used on thread for easier sewing.
piak- vi. 1) to be slippery (of fish or similar objects);
to be smooth; to slide easily. See: piaänaq.
2) to be thin (of soup). 3) to be waxed (of athread).
piaksi- vt. 1) to wax a thread. 2) to become slippery;
to become watery (of batters, paint, etc.).
pialuk n. old item.
pianik- vt. to finish; to get it done, to complete. Syn:iñiq-; immiqsuq-; naat-.
piannaq n. playing card.
piaänaq n. good snow condition for sled travel orsledding.
piaqâugi- vt. to treat unkindly; treat someone like aslave. Syn: aäallaqâuuti-; tigguqâuk. See:piaqâuktaq-.
piaqâuktaäit- vi. to be kind. Syn: attaànait-;
iáamaatqik-; taluànait-.
piaqâuktaq- vt. to handle roughly. Syn:aäallaqâuuti-; tigguqâuk-. Variant: piaqâugi-.
piatchiaq- vt. to ask for something (when one isrunning short on supplies). Syn: iäiula-;pulaaq-.
piayaaq n. 1) young offspring (of birds or animals).
Syn: ivaaq. Variant: pialaaq. 2) pet. Syn:iàñiksraaq.
pichakäa dem.adv. from up there. See: pitcha.

146pichani

piiäiáaqsruq-

Variant: pikaääa.

pichakäaq- vi. to come from up there.
pichakäauti- vt. to bring from up there (focus:goal).
pichani dem.adv. located up there. See: pitcha.
Variant: pikani.
pichaniaäagun through up there (vialis).
pichaniaäani located up there (locative).
pichaniaäaniñ from up there (ablative).
pichaniaäanun toward up there (terminalis).
pichuäa dem.adv. toward up there. See: pitcha.
pichuäatmun dem.adv. toward up there.
pichuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward up there(focus: direction).
pichuäaq- vi. to go toward up there (focus:
actor).
pichuäauti- vt. to take toward up there (focus:goal).
pichuuna dem.adv. through up there; through heaven.
See: pitcha. Variant: pikuuna.
pichuunaaq- vi. to go through up there.
pigaaq- vi. to stay up late.
pigi- vi. to be proud: feeling or showing justifiableself-respect. See: kamasraaq-.
pigi- vt. to have; to own.
pigigñiq n. choice piece of fur (from a wolf or
wolverine).
pigiiáaaq- vi. to be wicked.
pigiiáaq n. bad person or thing.
pigiiáiq- vi. to spoil (of food); to become bad.
pigiiãiq n. iniquity, wickedness. Syn: killuliqiâiq.
pigiit- vi. to be evil.
pigiitchuaq n. the evil one.
pigik- vi. to be praiseworthy. Syn: piááautaq-.
pigiliuti- vi. to belong to (denotes that something
belongs to another).
pigisukkaq n. wish; a desire. Lit: 'what [one] wants
to have'.
pigla- vi. to be bouncy, to be peppy. Syn: piglaàik-.
piglaàik- vi. to be bouncy, to be peppy. Syn: pigla-.
pigliàayuk n. grasshopper. Variant: pigliàialik.
pigliq- vi. to jump up suddenly; to bounce; to jump up(of ball, rabbit, etc.). Syn: maksrik-.
pigliqtaq- to be bouncing; to jump up repeatedly.
pigruq- vi. to escape; to flee.
piààuttaq n. rock weight (an object used to holdsomething else down). See: piàu-.
piàiaàaq n. rounded portions (sled).
piàiäa- vi. to be bent; to be in a bent position.
piàit- vi. to bend (of an inanimate object).
piàliq- vi. 1) to become stiff with cold (of hands).
2) to bend (of a river).
piàu- vi. to cover completely (as with a blanket, tarp,etc.). See: piààuttaq.

147

piàuuq- to put a cover on something.
piàuaq- vi. to smear; to make a spot on (with blood,dirt, etc.). Syn: miñuk-. See: uqsriññiq.

piàuq- vi. 1) to become, to develop, to grow, tomature. 2) to be haughty.

piàuq- vt. to pride oneself (making oneself good or
better).

piàuraq n. 1) caribou meat (tenderized and flavoredby burying it in the ground in its skin).
2) caribou carcass (cached for a short time insoft snow).
piàuri- vt. to bury a caribou carcass (in its skin tocure and flavor it).
piiguq- (C) vt. to forget. Syn: kiviáiq-. Variant:puuyuq-.
piiàaq n. grey-cheeked thrush. Hylocichla minima.
Syn: saviiàavii.
piikinaq n. bacon.
piiáaaài- vt. to deny knowledge of. Variant: piiáaaq-.
piiáaaq- vt. to deny, to contradict, to withhold(information). Syn: aääigi-; itquqnait-;suiáauri-. Variant: piiáaaài-.
piiáaaq- vi. to act incongruent with one's belief; tocontradict.
piiááiuqtuaq- vi. to be miserable, to be wretched.
piiáuiááiq- vi. to become incapable.
piiãiqi- vi. 1) to quarrel over something trivial. 2) tohave a hard time; to go through something quite
disastrous.
piiñàiàanàit- vi. to be imperishable, to beincorruptible.
piiñàiàaq- vi. to wither, to fade away.
piiñàiài- vt. to despise; to detest. Syn: naààugi-.
piiñàiáiqi- vi. to talk indecently or unsuitably, to act
indecently. Syn: asiáiqi-; asriáiqi-. Variant:piiäiáiqi-.
piiñàiq- vi. to be corrupt. Syn: qaa.
piiñàiq- vi. to spoil, to decay. Syn: asiäuq-;mamaqsuäniq-; puvlak-.
piiñàiqsaq- vt. to corrupt. Syn: asiäuq-.
piiñàiqsaqtuaq n. spoiled item, corrupted item,
decayed item. See: auraàaqnaq-; qaayuànaq-.
piiñàiqsima- vi. to be spoiled (of food). Syn:asiäuäa-.
piiñàiqsruq- vt. to insult. Syn: asiksruq-.
piiñàiugi- vi. 1) to feel inferior. 2) to feel pity foroneself.
piiñàiun n. corruption. Syn: asiäuun; qaayuànaâiq.
piiñàiyait- vi. to be durable, to be long-lasting.
piiñiaàutrirauq n. defender (e.g. in court). Syn:uqapsaaàutriksraq.
piiäiáaq n. ghost; a haunting spirit of dead.
piiäiáaqsruq- vt. 1) to disparage; to decry. Syn:pipasaàiäit-. 2) to repudiate.

piipkaipiipkai- vi. to be devoted; to side with someone.
piiq- vt. to remove; to take away; to vacate. Variant:piiyaq-.

piiq- vi. to die; to absent oneself; to leave, to vanish.

Putu piiàunàitchuq. Putu doesn't want to getout. Syn: suutaunàit-; tuqu-.
piisaanàiâiq n. gentleness (of character).
piisaanàit- vi. to be gentle. Umialiksi
piisaanàitchuq. Your king is gentle (in nature).
Syn: aäalatchuànaq-.
piisimaaq- vi. to abstain; to refrain from somethingby one's own choice. Syn: niplianàiq-.
piit- vi. to be absent, to be missing. See: avaàniq(C).
piitchi- vt. to miss someone who has left
permanently. Syn: iñuiáaàuti-; ivaàiatchi-;kiñuviannak-; urgiasruk-.
piitchuiññiqsrapiaqtuaq n. essential: something
fundamental or indispensable. See:
atuumanapiaqtuaq; piñaqtuaq;
qulliurauruaq.
piitchuit- vi. 1) to be important. 2) to be essential, tobe indispensable.
piiyaku n. rotten piece (removed especially frommeat).
piiyaq- vt. to remove; to take away. Variant: piiq-.
pikaala- vi. 1) to writhe in pain. 2) move_always; tomove around constantly. Variant: pikit-.
pikani dem.adv. located up there. See: pikka, pitcha.
Variant: pichani.
pikaniaäagun through the general area up there(vialis).
pikaniaäani located in the general area up there(locative).
pikaniaäaniñ from the general area up there(ablative).
pikaniaäanun toward the general area up there(terminalis).
pikaääa (C) dem.adv. from up there. See: pikka.
Variant: pichakäa.
pikaääaq- vi. to come from up there.
pikaääauti- vt. to bring from up there (focus:goal).
pikit- vi. to move constantly; to be unable to keep
still. Variant: pikaala-.
pikiut- vt. to find a bird's nest with eggs or young
birds.
pikka dem.adv. up there: visible, stationary/specific.
Syn: pakma; pagga. See: pikani, pikuäa,
pikaääa, pikuuna - see charts. Variant:pitcha; pichani, pichuäa, pichakäa,
pichuuna.
pikkua dem.pron. those up there. See: pikña,
pikkuak.

piksrunpikkuänani those up there (locative).
pikkuänuäa toward those up there (terminalis).
pikkuänakäa from those up there (ablative).
Variant: pikkuänaääa (C).

pikkuänuuna through those up there (vialis).
pikkuänatun like those up there (similaris).
pikkuäniäa those up there, with those up there(modalis).

pikkuak dem.pron. those up there. See: pikña,
pikkua.

pikkuänaäni those up there (locative).
pikkuänuäa toward those up there (terminalis).
pikkuänakäa from those up there (ablative).
Variant: pikkuänaääa (C).

pikkuänuuna through those up there (vialis).
pikkuänaktun like those up there (similaris).
pikkuäniäa those up there, with those up there(modalis).

pikniq n. 1) lemming's cache; mouse cache of masru
and other mice food. Syn: nivi; nivit. Variant:piäniq. 2) grass root (mouse food, found inmounds). See: masru. Variant: pikniàich.
pikña dem.pron. that one up there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: pikkuak, pikkua.
piksruma that one up there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: piktuma (C).
piksrumani that one up there (locative).
Variant: piktumani (C).
piksrumuäa toward that one up there(terminalis). Variant: piktumuäa (C).
piksrumakäa from that one up there (ablative).
Variant: piktumaääa (C).
piksrumuuna through that one up there (vialis).
Variant: piktumuuna (C).
piksrumatun like that one up there (similaris).
Variant: piktumatun (C).
piksrumiäa that one up there, with that one up
there (modalis). Variant: piktumiäa (C).
piksagaala- vi. to shatter; to burst into pieces, tocrumble to bits;. Variant: piksigaala-.
piksak- vi. to bounce off, to fly off. Syn: qipsak-.
piksaktit- vt. to cause to jump (e.g. a grasshopper).
piksik- vi. 1) to rebound, to spring back. 2) to leavesuddenly (without preparation).
piksiänaq n. popcorn.
piksraaq n. portion, share of something.
piksraq- vt. 1) to choose, to pick out; to elect. See:isivàiq-; nalunaiqsi-; sivàiq-; umiàuq-. 2) toget; to obtain; to take or buy something.
Variant: piksrai-.
piksraiq- to run out of shares or possessions.
piksraqtaaq n. chosen person, chosen item.
piksrun n. shovel; a pick (tool). Syn: ivruqsiñ;
nunniqqun.

148

piksrutaq-

piñanipiksrutaq- vi. to shovel; to dig.
pikuk n. 1) nape, back of neck (three or four longest

vertebrae near the neck); area across theshoulders. 2) lady's choice wolf ruff piece,
usually from below shoulders.
pikukturuaq n. camel.
pikunäu- vi. to have a sharp pain across theshoulders and the upper back.
pikuäa dem.adv. toward up there. See: pikka.
pikuäatmun dem.adv. toward up there.
pikuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward up there(focus: direction).
pikuäaq- vi. to go toward up there (focus: actor).
pikuäauti- vt. to take toward up there (focus:goal).
pikuäniq n. mound formed by pressure from below.
pikusuk n. 1) the longest vertebra above the shoulder.
2) depression between shoulder blades(scapulae). Syn: aaàirrak; pikuk. Variant:pikusruk.
pikusruk n. 1) the longest vertebra above theshoulder. 2) depression between shoulder blades(scapulae). Syn: aaàirrak. Variant: pikusuk.
pikuuna dem.adv. through up there; through heaven.
See: pikka. Variant: pichuuna.
pikuunaaq- vi. to go through up there.
pilit- vt. to release something one is pulling or
holding, to let go of something.
piáak- vt. 1) to butcher an animal. 2) to performsurgery or an operation. 3) to cut oneself.
piáaktaq n. patient being operated on; person who has
had surgery or an operation.
piáaktuaq n. piece of cloth, or leather, already cut to asize and ready to sew.
piáaktuq- vt. 1) to butcher, to cut open. 2) to performsurgery on somebody. Variant: piáaksiu-.
piáaktuun n. scalpel, operating knife.
piáautaq- vi. to be lucky.
piágu- vi. to be able to do well.
piágutilaaq- vi. to do something with all one's
strength, to be committed to a task, to be
dedicated to a job, to work at one's best ability.
piáàaalik n. sinew (braided for extra strength). See:amiun; uliun; qipraq; qupsik;.
piáàaaq n. plait (especially of hair), something
braided.
piáàaàniq n. line of eddies in ocean where twocurrents meet.
piáàaq- vt. to braid. Syn: tuvliliq-.
piáàusikaaq n. custom; a habit. Syn: piraàiâiq.
Variant: piáàusiq; piãhusiq.
piáàusiq n. habit ; a customary activity. Syn:piraàiâiq; piãiq; pitqusiq. Variant:piáàusikaaq; piãhusiq.

149

piái- vt. to make.
piáiaq n. handmade item; something made.
piáiñàu- vi. to clutch a possession, to hold on to apossession.

piáiñàu- vt. to covet a possession (especially when arelative dies). Syn: ikãigi-; killuài-; kimigi-;
siqñagi-.
piáiqi- vi. to earnestly grieve for someone.
piáiun n. blessing (passing of power, enabling, orsuch like). Syn: piáiusiaq.
piáiusiaq n. blessing (receiving of power, goodwill,etc). Syn: piáiun.
piáiutiqaq- vt. to bless, to pass on power.
piááaktiàluk excl. lets do it quickly (euphemism for'let's have intercourse'). Syn: piáuk. See:quuyak-; nulik-.
piááautaàniuraàiñ! excl. try to do your best!
piááautaq- vi. 1) to be praiseworthy. Syn: pigik-. 2) to
get along well; to have no trouble in one's
activities; to do things right; to do well by
oneself.
piááautaqniaâiksraq n. attitude. Lit: 'attempting to
do one's best'. Variant: piááautaàniaâiksraq.
piâukataq- vi. to work carelessly or negligently.
Variant: piâuktaq-.
piãhiñaaàuq- vi. 1) to be ready to die. 2) to be readyfor action. Syn: itqanaiq-.
piãhusiq n. custom; a habit. Syn: piraàiâiq; pitqusiq.
Variant: piáàusiq.
piãiq n. way of doing. Syn: piáàusiq; piãhusiq.
pimaaàiksuaq n. upright individual; a person who isclean, neat, orderly, takes care of self, lives agood life.
pimaktuq- vi. to be very cordial to; show much
kindness and friendliness. See: piaqâuktaäit-.
pimaqâuk- vt. to mistreat, to abuse.
pimiullai- vi. to speak a different Iñupiaq dialect; topronounce words differently from oneself. Syn:sumiuliraaq-.
piñaiááutaatniktuaq n. offender. Syn:killuqsaktitchiruaq.
piñaiááutaq n. offense. Syn: avriaqqun;
putukkisaun; sapuqutaq.
piñaiáutaaànik- vi. to hinder, to stop. Syn:avriaqutaq-; nagrutaq-; pitchaiái-.
piñakäa dem.adv. from back there. See: piñña.
Variant: piñaääa.
piñakäaq- vi. to come from back there.
piñakäauti- vt. to bring from back there (focus:goal).
piñani dem.adv. located back there. See: piñña.
piñaniaäagun through back there (vialis).
piñaniaäani located back there (locative).
piñaniaäaniñ from back there (ablative).

piñaääa (C)piñaniaäanun toward back there (terminalis).
piñaääa (C) dem.adv. from back there. See: piñña.
Variant: piñakäa.

piñaääaq- vi. to come from back there.
piñaääauti- vt. to bring from back there (focus:goal).

piñaq- vi. to be generous.
piñaqtuaq n. something important. Syn:

atuumanapiaqtuaq; qulliurauruaq.

piñaqutigi- vt. to give away; to share, to makesomething available.

piñasrukipiaq n. sixty.
piñasrukipiaq qulit n. seventy.
piñasrut n. three. Variant: piäasut.
piñatchiaq- vi. to be slow; to do something at
leisure.

piñatchiàñiàmi n. third time. Syn: piäayauti.
piñiaq- vi. to be imminent; to happen soon.
piñiàaq n. 1) short waterproof summer boot. 2) shortheavy socks.

piñiàli- vi. to inadvertently startle an animal.
piñiq n. insole.
piñña dem.adv. back there: stationary/specific. Syn:pamma; pavva. See: piñani, piñuäa,piñakäa (piñaääa), piñuuna - see charts.
piñña dem.pron. that one back there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: pitchuak, pitchua; pitkuak,
pitkua.
pirruma that one back there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: pittuma (C).
pirrumani that one back there (locative).
Variant: pittumani (C).
pirrumuäa toward that one back there(terminalis). Variant: pittumuäa (C).
pirrumakäa from that one back there (ablative).
Variant: pittumaääa (C).
pirrumuuna through that one back there (vialis).
Variant: pittumuuna (C).
pirrumatun like that one back there (similaris).
Variant: pittumatun (C).
pirrumiäa that one back there, with that one
back there (modalis). Variant: pittumiäa (C).
piññaàiaq- vi. to be early.
piññaàusruk- vi. to think something is beautiful.
Syn: piññaqqiak-.
piññak! excl. don't do it!
piññak- vt. to acquire something.
piññaktaaài- vt. to win, to gain something or
somebody. Syn: iáaniktuuq-.
piññaktaaq- vt. to claim something.
piññaäniuti- vt. to have income.
piññaqnaq- n. to be pretty, to be beautiful; to bepleasing to the eye, to be good-looking.
piññaqqiak- vi. to be struck by beauty. Syn:piäuksrak
piññaàusruk-.

piññaqusriq n. adornment, decoration.
piññaqusriqsuq- vt. to decorate, to adorn.
piññatchiaqtuaq- vi. to be hesitant.
piññatluguk- vi. to be greedy for more. Lit: 'want togain more'. Putu piññatluguktuq ataramik.
Putu always wants to have more. Syn: iáasruk-;
siqña-. Variant: piqatlatu-.
piññiaànaiq- vi. to be the off-season.
piññiaànaq- vi. to be hunting season.
piññiaq- vt. to hunt, to procure food in any form.
piññiaqti n. provider; a breadwinner.
piññiq- vi. to put insoles in boots.
piñäuqtaq n. folding knife; a pocket knife. Variant:pitäuqtaq.
piñu- vi. to push. Syn: tinu-. See: ilak-.
piñuäa dem.adv. toward back there. See: piñña.
piñuäatmun dem.adv. toward back there.
piñuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward backthere (focus: direction).
piñuäaq- vi. to go toward back there (focus:
actor).
piñuäauti- vt. to take toward back there (focus:goal).
piñuuna dem.adv. through back there. See: piñña.
piñuunaaq- vi. to go through back there.
piäalu n. bowl. Variant: piäaluuraq.
piäasukipiaq (C) n. sixty.
piäasukipiaq qulit (C) n. seventy.
piäasut n. three. Variant: piñasrut.
piäatu- vi. to be envious: to be resentful or to be
bitter. Syn: tusu-; killuài-; kimigi-. See:siqñagi-; siqña- ;.
piäayauti n. third (ordinal number). Syn:piñatchiàñiàmi. Variant: piäatchiin.
piäayuàalik n. [female] polar bear with three cubs.
piäigi- vi. to worry about someone. Syn: piäiksraq-.
piäiksraq- vi. to be worried, to be concerned that afriend or relative may be in danger. Syn: piäigi-.
piäniq n. 1) lemming's cache; mouse cache of masru
and other mice food. Syn: nivi; nivit. Variant:pikniq. 2) grass root (mouse food, found inmounds). See: masru.
piääuaq n. model.
piääuaq- vi. to pretend.
piääuq- vi. 1) to be fortunate to be able to dosomething (said enviously). 2) to ripen (ofberries).
piäu n. 1) mound; a knoll; a dome, isolated hill.
Variant: piäuktaaq. 2) swelling on skin.
piäu- vi. to develop a pimple.
piäu- vt. to push aside, to push away. Syn: tugaq-.
See: ilak-. Variant: piñu-.
piäuksrak n. 1) knoll, individual round hill. 2) a150

piäuksranauraq

pisiksaq-

swelling on one's skin, a pimple.

piäuksranauraq n. mound; a knoll; a dome; a hillin isolation, not part of range. Syn: piäu.
piäuktaaq n. small mound isolated in flat area. Syn:piäu.
piäuluk n. cliff.
piäuyaq n. 1) pimple (sometimes itchy). 2) ringworm.
pipasaàiäit- vt. to belittle, to disparage. Syn:piiäiáaqsruq-; pivasraàiñàit-;suvasraàiñàit-. See: aiva-;
iáisimatluäniraaq-.
pipikait- vi. 1) to be slow, sluggish. 2) to beungrateful.
pipikaq- vi. to be very grateful; to be appreciative.
pipikkaq- vi. to be praiseworthy.
pipkaiñiun n. advice (wanting others to copy one's
action).
pipmatun adv. customary. Lit: 'like when they do'.
piqaàuk- vt. to require, to ask for something.
piqalugik n. glacial ice (appearing blue).
piqaluyak n. freshwater ice (good for drinking
water). Syn: sikullautaq.
piqan n. companion.
piqasriq- vt. to accompany. Variant: piqasiq-.
piqasriq- vi. to be accompanied. Variant: piqasiq-.
piqatigiiáguâiq n. good fellowship.
piqatigiuyutiq- vi. to be cooperative.
piqatlatu- vi. to be greedy, to love to have more.
Syn: iáasruk-. Variant: piññatluguk-.
piqatnaaq n. sweetheart, lover, beau. Miiyuum
piqatnaaàiksrukkaatin. Miiyuk wants to be
your sweetheart.
piqatnaaq- vi. to have company.
piqpagi- vt. to love, to hold dear (to have a deep,
tender, indefinable feeling of affection toward [aperson]). See: nakuaài-; nakuaqsri-. Variant:piqpaksri-.
piqpak- vi. to be valuable, to be precious. Syn:igliänaq-.
piqpakkun n. love (feeling of affection andsolicitude toward another person). Variant:piqpakkutigiiãiq; piqpakkutiâiq.
piqpakkutigiiãiq n. love (reciprocal: between two
partners). Variant: piqpakkun; piqpakkutiâiq.
piqpakkutiâiq n. love (Greek: philia). Variant:piqpakkun; piqpakkutigiiãiq.
piqpaksri- vt. to love (to have a deep, tender,
indefinable feeling of affection and solicitude
toward [a person]). Variant: piqpagi-.
piqpaksriãiq n. love (Greek: agape). Syn:nakuaqqun.
piqpaksriruaq n. beloved person, person who
experiences love.
piqpaksritulaaàiiãiq n. partiality.

151

piqtaliq- vi. to place siding on a house, to provide
siding (as protection). Syn: saniàa-.

piqtiq- vi. to bend wood (as for a sled runner orframe).

piquaq- vi. to bend the body as it prepares tosubmerge (of an ugruk or seal).

piqutaq n. large pile of fresh fish.
piqutaq- vi. [fish] to be piled up.
piqutigi- vi. because of; on account of; by reason of.
piraàiâiq n. custom; a habit. Syn: piáàusikaaq;
piáàusiq; piãhusiq; pitqusiq.

piraàluk- vi. to err unintentionally, to commit wrong
unintentionally.

piraiái- vt. to hinder; to prevent. Syn: avriaqutaq-;nagrutaq-; piñaiáutaaànik-; pitchaiái-.

piraksrat n. necessities of life: shelter, clothes orfood.

piraksriq- vi. to assign a task.
pirik- vi. 1) to jump down quickly; to get off quickly.
2) to walk downward to the river.

pirraaàik- vi. 1) be dexterous; do something easily.
2) to be energetic, to be spry, to be lively.

pisaaäa- vt. 1) to revile, to insult, to abuse verbally.

2) to reproach, to disgrace (to bring shame on
someone). Syn: inniiááak-.
pisaaäa- vi. to be malicious, to be cruel. Variant:pisaaäati-.
pisaasuâiq n. trickery; cunning. Variant:pisaasrukmiàaq.
pisaasuq- vt. to employ cunning, to use
deceptiveness; to devise shrewd plans in order to
get one's way. Putum uqaàiniàaa
piááautaànipáugu pisaasuâhagun. Putu said
that he had done well in his sly shrewdness.
Variant: pisaasruq-.
pisaasuu- vi. to be clever; to be shrewd; to becunning, to be sly,.
pisaayugaq- vt. 1) to provoke anger, to incite toanger, to enrage. Syn: sanmiraq-. 2) to tease, topester. Syn: agak-(2); uumisaaqâiq-.
pisaayugaun n. insult, reproach.
pisaài- vi. to do something deliberately, to persevere.
Variant: pisaq-.
pisanàitchikpiñ excl. "excuse me!"; "I'm sorry"; "I
did not mean to do it". Variant: pisaäitchikpiñ.
pisanàitchuuàun n. excuse, apology.
pisaq- vi. to do something deliberately, to persevere.
Variant: pisaài-.
pisatilaaq- vi. to devote (to give or apply [one's time,attention, or self] entirely).
pisik n. gun shot.
pisik- vi. to shoot; to hit the target. Syn: tapit-.
Variant: sik-.
pisiksaq- vi. to shoot a weapon.

pisiksi
pisiksi n. bow (hunting).
pisiksiàaq n. 1) small bow used to operate a drill bit:the equivalent to a drillstock. 2) small bow for
hunting small game.
pisiksiàauraq small bow.
pisiksisaq n. quiver for arrows; a sheath for one's
bow. Variant: pisiksitchak.
pisiksuàaq n. target (for archery or target practice,firing). Syn: naksiàaq; siksuàaq.
pisiqpisiqpiisrhaq n. tree sparrow. Spizellaarborea.
pisuaq- vi. to walk.
pisuaqtuaq- vi. to stroll: to take a long, leisurely
walk. Syn: pisruktuaq-.
pisugruaàun n. 1) desire, yearning. 2) passion(sexual appetite), lust. Variant: pisuänaun.
pisuànaq- vi. to be the right time, to be the rightoccasion.
pisuàuàiq- vi. to be satisfied. Syn: pisuiqsimaaq-.
pisuiq- vt. to satisfy, to take away a yearning.
Putum pisuiqsimaaqtitkisigai. Putu will
satisfy them.
pisuiqsimaaq- vi. to be satisfied. Syn: pisuàuàiq-.
pisuk- vi. 1) to walk. Variant: pisruk-. 2) to want.
Variant: pisruk-.
pisukkaaq n. fox. See: kavviaq; kayuqtuq.
pisukti n. 1) walker; a bear. Variant: pisrukti.
2) fur-bearing animal (on land ).
pisuâiq n. one's desire; one's will. Syn: pitqutaq.
pisuänaun n. 1) desire, yearning. 2) passion (sexualappetite), lust. Variant: pisugruaàun.
pisrqhi- vi. to slip from one's hands.
pisruk- vi. 1) to walk. Variant: pisuk- (C). 2) towant. Variant: pisuk- (C).
pisrukataaq- vi. 1) to walk leisurely. 2) to walksomewhere when other modes of transportation
are unavailable. Variant: pisukataaq- (C).
pisrukataq- vi. to walk, rather than some othermanner of traveling; to walk around. Variant:pisukataq- (C).
pisrukti n. 1) walker; a bear. Variant: pisukti. 2) furbearing animal (on land). Variant: pisukti.
pisruktuaq n. bear (black or brown). Lit: 'one thatwalks'.
pisruktuaq- vi. to stroll: to take a long leisurely
walk. Syn: pisuaqtuaq-.
pisruvik- vi. to strut, to walk proudly, selfconfidently, arrogantly. Putu pisruviksuq
iñuich sivuàaatni. Putu strutted in front ofpeople.
pitaaq- vi. 1) to deteriorate, to impair. 2) todeteriorate, to decay, to get holes.
pitai- vi. to attempt.
pitcha dem.adv. up there: visible, stationary/specific.

pitkua (C)Syn: pakma; pagga. See: pichani, pichuäa,
pichakäa, pichuuna - see charts. Variant:pikka; pikani, pikuäa, pikaääa, pikuuna.
pitchaiái- vi. 1) to hinder. Syn: avriaqutaq-;inavài-; piñaiáutaaànik-; piraiái-. 2) to forbid.
See: agliànaq-; nutaiqqi-.
pitchaq- vi. to make the kill (when hunting).
pitchiaq- vi. to get something new.
pitchiàiaq- vi. to be easy to speak to, always willing.
pitchiàiiáaq- vi. to be stubborn.
pitchiàiit- vi. to be stubborn; to be intractable: to be
hard to deal with.
pitchiq- vi. to wait out impatiently, to delay until thetermination of.
pitchua dem.pron. those back there. See: piñña,
pitchuak; pitkuak, pitkua.
pitchunani those back there (locative).
pitchunuäa toward those back there(terminalis).
pitchunakäa from those back there (ablative).
pitchunuuna through those back there (vialis).
pitchunatun like those back there (similaris).
pitchuniäa those back there, with those backthere (modalis).
pitchuak dem.pron. those two back there. See:piñña, pitchuak; pitkuak, pitkua.
pitchuänaäni those two back there (locative).
pitchuänuäa toward those two back there(terminalis).
pitchuänakäa from those two back there(ablative).
pitchuänuuna through those two back there(vialis).
pitchuänaktun like those two back there(similaris).
pitchuäniäa those two back there, with those
two back there (modalis).
pitchuksaaàun n. encouragement (word of ~).
pitchuksaaq- vt. to encourage; to console. Syn:kiikaaqsruq-; siimasaaq-; sikhatchauài-.
pitchuksaaqti n. encourager, one who encourages.
pitchuq- vi. to be a good hunter. Variant: pitchik-.
pitchuuqsraaq- vi. to move at a trot (of animal), toproceed rapidly.
pitkua (C) dem.pron. those back there. See: piñña,
pitchuak, pitchua; pitkuak.
pitkunani those two back there (locative).
pitkunuäa toward those two back there(terminalis).
pitkunaääa from those two back there(ablative).
pitkunuuna through those two back there(vialis).
pitkunatun like those two back there (similaris).

152

pitkuak (C)pivsiraq

pitkuniäa those two back there, with those twoback there (modalis).
pitkuak (C) dem.pron. those two back there. See:piñña, pitchuak, pitchua; pitkua.
pitkuänaäni those two back there (locative).
pitkuänuäa toward those two back there(terminalis).
pitkuänaääa from those two back there(ablative).
pitkuänuuna through those two back there(vialis).
pitkuänaktun like those two back there(similaris).
pitkuäniäa those two back there, with those twoback there (modalis).
pitluk- vi. 1) to overcome. 2) to pass through danger
successfully; to escape death; to survive an
illness or accident.
pitluuti- vt. to show someone a way out (of danger).
pitáaiq- vi. to become exhausted.
pitáatuâiq n. ability.
pitáui- vi. to dislocate a joint. Variant: pitáuk-.
pitáuk- vi. to dislocate a joint. Variant: pitäui-.
pitáuktit- vt. to cause to dislocate a joint.
pitäuqtaq n. folding knife; a pocket knife. Variant:piñäuqtaq.
pitqik- vi. 1) to repeat. 2) to be sly.
pitqiksiàaq- vi. to act surreptitiously, to act
secretively, to act by stealthy means.
pitqu- vt. to order, to command, to demand.
pitqun n. request; a command. Syn: maliàutaksraq;
pitqun; iñuuniaqqun.
pitquraq n. law; a commandment, order. Variant:pitqutaq.
pitqusiàiit- vi. to have bad habits.
pitqusiq n. habit; a characteristic way of doing
something. Syn: piáàusiq; piãhusiq; piraàiâiq.
Variant: pitqusriq.
pitqusrauraq- vt. to flirt (to make playfully romanticor sexual overtures). Syn: aàniqiniuraq-.
pitqusriqsrait- vi. to reach state of confusion, to bementally uncertain: to be bewildered. Syn:qanuàviit-.
pitqutaq n. 1) law; a rule. Variant: pitquraq.
2) someone's will.
pittaq n. hole in the ice.
pittaq- vi. to have a hole (of ice).
pittaq- vt. to make a hole in ice.
pitugvik n. 1) stake of wood for tying dogs. Variant:pittuq. 2) moorage: a place where a boat may
be moored. See: tulak.
pituàaq- vi. to traverse a portage. Syn: itivit-;
timaut-.
pituiq- vt. to disconnect, to untie, to free. Putum

153

qipmiñi pituiàaa. Putu untied his dog.
Suniaqâugu una pituiqpitku? For what
purpose are you untying that one? Syn: qiáiuq-;
ataiq-.
pituit- vi. to be loose, to be untied.
pituk n. chain, rope (for tying a boat or a dog).
Variant: pituich (pl.).
pituk- vt. to tie, to attach, to moor, to chain. Variant:pituqaq-; pituqqit-.
pituktuurallak- vt. to fasten with a loose basting
stitch (sewing); to tack something.
pituqaq- vt. to be tied up; to be chained. Lit: 'to havea rope (or chain)'. Variant: pituk-; pituqqit-.
pituqqit- vt. to chain; to attach (dog), to moor (boat).
Variant: pituk-; pituqaq-.
pituutaq n. chain; a rope.
piugaurat n. food saved for someone.
piun n. possession.
piuniatlait- vi. to be submissive, to be easily imposedon; to be retiring. Variant: piunianàit-.
piuäiáaq n. nothing; a thing of no value.
piuäiáiqi- vi. to talk indecently or unsuitably, to act
indecently. Syn: asiáiqi-; asriáiqi-. Variant:piunàiáiqi-.
piuääuaq- vi. to play a role; to imitate.
piuraaài- vt. to play games, to play with toys.
piuraaq n. toy.
piuraaq- vi. 1) to play. 2) to work slowly or
leisurely.
piurraaq- vi. 1) to have a broken part. 2) to breakapart. Syn: avik-; navik-; siqummaq-.
piusruk- vt. to desire credit, to crave recognition.
Variant: piusuk-.
pivaaââak- vt. 1) to do too much, to go to extremes.
Syn: aiyuiáisuu-; qaaäaiãauti-; qaaäiuti-;suvaâuk-. 2) to be 'too much' (of a person). Syn:
atqunaq-.
pivasraàiñàit- vt. to belittle. Syn: aiva-. Variant:suvasraàiñàit-.
pivik n. place; time.
pivik- vi. to be coquettish, to act handsome or pretty(regardless of whether one is or not). Syn:aànavik-.
piviksaq n. the best part of something. Syn:nakuuniqsraq. Variant: pivigñiq.
piviksaq- vt. to primp; to apply cosmetics to one's
face, to put on makeup. Variant: piviksuq-.
piviksuq- vt. to primp; to apply cosmetics to one's
face, to put on makeup. Variant: pivviqsu-.
piviksraq n. place or a time for something(unrealized time, future).
piviuttaài- vi. to adore; to revere.
piviuttaq- vi. to be visibly appreciative.
pivsiraq n. small dried whitefish. Syn: paniqtuuraq.

piyaaptaäapiyaaptaäa- vi. to be clumsy.
piyagniuq- vi. to be barely staying alive. See:pipqaq-.
piyaàit- vi. 1) to wane (of the moon). Syn:iqiatchak-. See: puktallak-. 2) to rise later
than usual (of the moon).
piyaq- vi. to break down.
piyaqniuàun n. disease, sickness; affliction.
piyaqtai- vt. to destroy, to damage, to break up. Syn:agak-; piyaquâuk-; siqupsi-. Variant:piyaqtaq-.
piyaqtaq- vt. to destroy; to break. Syn: navguq-.
Variant: piyaqtai-.
piyaquaqsi- vi. to perish.
piyaquàvik n. 1) place of accidents. 2) hell; place ofdestruction. Syn: nagliksaaàvik; naäinnaq;
tammaàvik.
piyaqukkaumaaqtuat n. debris; ruins. Lit: 'what
had been destroyed before'.
piyaquâiq n. destruction. Syn: akatchiãiq;suksraunàiãiq.
piyaquâuk- vt. to injure, to impair, to damage. Syn:agak- (1); qiâhuq-; siqupsi-. See: pattuq-;
piyaqtai-; qitkutiksri-; sitquaq-.
piyaquq n. casualty, accident. Variant: miqivsaq(C).
piyaquq- vi. to perish, to become a casualty, to be
involved in an accident.
piyaquq- vt. to destroy; to ruin; to demolish. Syn:akat-; maqut-; siqumit-; suksraunàiq-.
piyuaàniq n. 1) bruise. 2) person who has been
violently beaten.
piyuaq- vt. 1) to attack; to beat up. 2) to badger; topester.
piyuaqniktuaq n. attacker.
piyuaqqun 1) n. persecution. 2) temptation.
piyuk- vt. 1) to batter ; to abuse verbally. Putu
piyukniyuktuq iñuänik atlanik. Putu isabusing other people verbally. 2) to teasesomeone. Syn: sanmiraq-.
piyumaatchak- vi. to be invigorated, to be
encouraged. Variant: piyuumitchak-.
piyumaâiq n. zeal.
piyummaaàik- vi. to be eager, to be willing.
piyumman n. willingness.
piyummatiqaqtit- vt. to encourage.
piyuumitchak- vi. to be invigorated, to be
encouraged. Variant: piyumaatchak- (C).
puggutaq n. plate (dish).
puggutauraq n. small plate.
puggutauriqi- vt. to wash dishes. Variant:puggutchiqi-.
puggutchiqi- vt. to wash dishes. Variant:puggutauriqi-.

puâiäapui- vi. to surface, to rise to the surface. Syn:qagvaq-.

puiáa- vi. to rise to the surface (of bubbles in liquid).
Syn: puktallak-; puktaq-.

puimi- vi. to swim on the surface of water (of a sea
mammal). Syn: puuvruq-.

puiñiq n. the fat on top of broth.
pukagriäa- vi. to be granular.
pukak n. granular snow crust found under soft snow

(good for melting into water), little pieces of ice
under fresh snow (formed after first snow);"sugar snow".
pukik n. white belly fur of caribou.
pukkit- vi. to be low in the water (of boat), to be low(in elevation).
pukâi- vi. to be made lower.
pukâi- vt. to lower something.
puksiññaq- vi. to die suddenly, to die instantly.
Variant: pupsiññaq-.
pukta- vi. 1) to be afloat (of leaves, iceberg, etc), to be
drifting about. 2) to float, to remain suspended
within or on the surface of a fluid withoutsinking. Variant: pupta-.
puktaaq n. 1) floating mass (not suitable for walking).
Variant: puptaaq. 2) quicksand. 3) permafrost
area. 4) iceberg.
puktaàun n. buoy, net float. Syn: puptaqutaq.
Variant: puptaun; puptaàun.
puktaàusiq n. flotsam, wreckage that remains afloat
after shipwreck. Putu tiliñiàai
puktaàusiqsuàlugich nunniaquplugich. Putu
ordered them to attempt to reach land by using
wreckage.
puktallak- vi. 1) to rise to the surface of water. Syn:puiáa-; puktaq-. 2) to wax (of the moon). See:
iqiatchak-; piyaàit-.
puktaq- vi. to emerge: to rise to the surface of water.
Syn: puktallak-; puiáa-. Variant: puptaq-.
pukuk- vi. 1) to gather. 2) to pick up by bendingover.
pula- vi. 1) slip out of sight (as an animal from river tobrush at riverbank). See: malaraq-. 2) to eclipse(celestial body), to pass gradually, to pass
imperceptibly. Syn: malaraq-.
pulaaq- vi. to go and ask for food (as of neighbors);
to solicit alms. Syn: iäiula-; piatchiaq-. 2) togo out visiting.
pulasaq- vt. to check one's traps or snares.
pulauq- vi. to soak in water (of leather).
pullak- vi. to bow, to put one's head down, to incline
the body or head or bend the knee in greeting,consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission,or veneration.
puâiäa- vi. to sulk in bed; to be lazy and stay in bed.

154

puâiäaallak-

puturi-puâiäaallak- vi. to rest for a short while.
punniksraq n. bread dough.
punniliuq- vi. to make bread.
punnilivik n. 1) oven. 2) loaf pan.
punniq n. bread (made with yeast).
punäa- vi. to stoop: to bend forward and down fromthe waist; to bow. Syn: auàaäasi-; imuäasri-;
napuäasri-; palluq-; qumaäa-.
punäayuaqataq- vi. to walk bent over (as an old
person or as in stalking game).
punäayuuq- vi. to walk bent over (as an old person).
Syn: auàyuk-.
punäuuq- vi. to walk bent over (as a hunter whenstalking game).
pupik n. itchy rash; scabies. See: uäiáak-; uuq-.
pupik- vi. 1) to have an itch; to have a rash. Syn:kumaksruk-; paumit-; uäiáak-; uuq-. 2) tohave chicken pox.
puplaksaun n. baking powder.
pupsiññaq- vi. to die instantly, suddenly. Variant:puksiññaq-.
pupta- vi. 1) to be afloat (of leaves, iceberg, etc), to be
drifting about. 2) to float, to remain suspended
within or on the surface of a fluid withoutsinking. Variant: pukta-.
puptaaq n. 1) floating mass (not suitable for walking).
Variant: puktaaq. 2) quicksand. 3) permafrost
area. 4) iceberg. Syn: ivuniq.
puptaàun n. buoy; float for a net. Syn: puktaàun;
puptaqutaq.
puptaq- vi. to emerge: to rise to the surface of water.
Syn: puktallak-; puiáa-. Variant: puktaq-.
puptaqutaq n. buoy, float for a net. Syn: puktaàun; puptaàun.
puptaun n. net float. Syn: puptaàun; puktaàun.
See: puptaqqutaq.
puptit- vi. to get puffy eyelids (from oversleeping,crying, etc.).
puqhuq- vi. to dive in water (of a muskrat). See:mukpak-. Variant: ipuqhuq-.
puqiit- vi. to be slow witted, to be unintelligent, to be
unwise.
puqik- vi. to be smart, to be intelligent, to be wise.
puqiksaaq- vi. to be knowledgeable, to be smart.
puqiun n. wisdom. Aniqatiupta Paul-äum
aglakmigaasri puqiutikun. Our brother Paulwrote you in wisdom.
puqâaq- vi. to put in boiling water (to remove feathersfrom birds or fowl, or to remove flippers fromugruk).
purriuqtuaq n. freight boat; a barge.
purruq n. hole (in a boot sole).
purvigi- vi. to worship. Syn: agaayyuvigi-.
pusikkaq- vi. to fall forward (accidentally, or in

155

death). Syn: paallak-; paasaaq-; palluqhiaq-;
puukkaq-.
pusiäa- vi. 1) to lie prone. Syn: palluäa-. 2) tocrouch with one's head lowered. Syn: palluq-;
qumaq-.
pusit- vt. 1) to turn over or upside down. Syn:mumik-. 2) to reverse the order.
put- vi. to bend one's body at the waist, to stoop. Syn:punäa-; qumaäa-. See: asiq-; auàyuk-;kikiik-.
putchii- vt. to lay a moistened skin out overnight
before tanning. Variant: putchiq-.
putchimaallaktit- vt. to store a moistened skin (fora longer period). Syn: putchimapkapsaaq-;
putillak-.
putchimapkapsaaq- vt. to store a moistened skin(for a longer period). Syn: putchimaallaktit-;
putillak-.
putchiq- vt. to lay a moistened skin out overnight
before tanning. Variant: putchii-.
putchiq- vt. to make smoke (for repelling
mosquitoes). Syn: puyuqâuk-.
putillak- vt. to lay aside a moistened skin (for a shortwhile in tanning process). Syn:putchimaallaktit-; putchimapkapsaaq-.
puttun n. piercing tool, awl. Variant: putuliuàun.
puttuqsri- vt. to comprehend; to penetrate a subject;
to perceive. Lit: 'to habitually pierce through'.
Taamna iñuum puttuqsritáasriraàigaa sum
nalaunäatilaaäa. That person is able toperceive what is the right thing. Syn: puturi-.
putu n. hole; a puncture.
putuguq n. big toe.
putuguqsiuyuk n. 1) stag beetle. 2) shrimp. Lit:
'going for the big toe'.
putukiiãuk n. Lapland longspur. Calcarius
lapponicus.
putukiiãukpak n. Smith's longspur. Calcarius
pictus.
putukkisaun n. stumbling block; offense. Syn:avriaqqun; piñaiááutaq; sapuqutaq.
putukkit- vi. to trip; to stumble. Atriginiàaich
putukkitqataqtuat putukkisautmun. They
are like those who often stumble over an
obstacle. Syn: paasaaq-.
putukkumiraq- vi. to walk on tiptoe. See:
nikivraak-; nukivraak-.
putulik n. rock with a hole through it, mostcommonly used as a net sinker. See:
kivviqutaq; saatqun.
putuääiaq n. ugruk or sealskin loop, sewn between
sole and body of boot through which tie strings
are attached.
puturi- vi. to pierce, to penetrate (trying to make aputyugiaq
hole by piercing). Syn: paaqtuq-; puttuqsri-;
taplik-.
putyugiaq n. crab.
putyuk- vt. to pinch something. Variant: putyui-.
putyuämik- vt. to nibble at food (while preparing it
or before it is ready to be eaten). Syn: kigaluk-;
irgasiq-.
putyuäniq n. bruise from a pinch. Variant:putyugniq.
putyuugaurak n. tweezers.
putyuuk n. thumb and forefinger combination,
fingers held in opposition.
putyuun n. pinching tool.
putyuutik n. pinchers of a crab or scorpion, pincers.
Variant: puyyuutik.
putyuutilik n. scorpion.
puuàruaq n. old sealskin poke. Puuàruat
qaaàniaqtut. The old sealskin poke are goingto burst.
puuàu n. wolf net, net for catching wolves or rabbits.
puuàuaq- vt. to use a net for catching ptarmigan.
puuàutuq- vt. 1) to use a net for catching wolves.
See: puuàu. 2) to use a net for catching rabbits.
puuk- vi. 1) to bend over because of age. 2) to fall
forward (accidentally or in death) of a man or
animal. Syn: paallak-; paasaaq-; palluqhiaq-;
pusikkaq-.
puukataq n. sack; large bag. Syn: aluaqsaun;
miisuk.
puukatauraq n. purse; handbag.
puukatchi- vt. 1) to make a sack. See: puuq. 2) toprepare a sack with supplies. See: paluäaiyaq-.
puukkaq- vi. to stumble, to miss a step and almost
fall. Syn: paallak-; paasaaq-; palluqhiaq-;
pusikkaq-; puuk-.
puuksraaq n. sleeping bag.
puuksraq n. 1) envelope. 2) wrapper. 3) paper bag.
puukut n. 1) jars, cleaned and prepared for a newuse. 2) any emptied container (left behind).
Variant: puuku.
puuq n. sealskin poke; any emptied container. Syn:tuummaq.
puuq- vt. to circle something; to surround somebody;to wrap something.
puuqtuq- vt. to wrap; to envelop.
puuqtuqtat n. storage bags (already filled to storeaway).
puuqtuun n. proboscis of insects, stinger of insects.
Syn: iguun; kappuun.
puuvraaq- vi. to play in water (as swimming).
puuvraq- vi. to swim (of humans). Putu
puuvraàuktuq. Putu wants to swim.
puuvruq- vi. to swim with nose above water (as apolar bear); to swim on surface of water; topuvviaqtuuq
move slowly on the surface of the water. Syn:puimi-. See: naluk-.
puuvsaq- vt. to kill a wounded animal, to shoot aanother time. Variant: puuvsai-.
puuyuq- vt. to forget. See: kiviáiq-. Variant:piiguq-.
puvak n. lung.
puvialuäaaq- vi. to be rounded.
puviatchiaq n. ptarmigan's crop. Variant:puviiqhaaq.
puviiq- vi. 1) to deflate. 2) to collapse when air
escapes (of container).
puviiqhaaq n. 1) ptarmigan's crop. Variant:puviatchiaq. 2) balloon (originally made ofduck feet).
puviáiñ n. ring (made of wood or ivory) which isplaced in navel of seal skin through which theskin in inflated as a float.
puvipquqtaq n. item that is dried and bleached by
the wind.
puviq- vt. to inflate.
puvit n. swelling on skin.
puvit- vi. to be swollen.
puvitquq- vi. to be bleached white (of caribou skin).
puviun n. bellows, air pump.
puvla n. 1) air bubble from a mammal moving
underwater. Syn: qalaliaq. Variant: puvlak.
2) beer.
puvlak n. bubble (a globular body of air formed
within liquid). See: qalak.
puvlak- vt. to ferment, to bubble up, to develop gas.
puvlak- vi. 1) to bubble up, to give off bubbles. 2) tospout (of a whale in the distance). 3) to spoil (offood). Syn: asiäuq-; mamaqsuäniq-; maqu-;pigiiáiq-; piiñàiq-. See: kupsuk-.
puvlaksiaq n. dough (ready to be baked).
puvlaksiàniq n. dough (still rising; with yeast or
leaven).
puvlaktuula- vi. to form bubbles under water (ofanimal or person).
puvlaq- vi. to flee from humans, having smelled theirscent (of animal). Variant: puplaq- (C).
puvliànaq n. drop of spruce resin used as chewing
gum. Syn: kutchuun. See: uiáaaksraq;
uqummiaq. Variant: puvliàniq.
puvliàniq n. drop of spruce resin used as chewing
gum. Syn: kutchuun. See: uiáaaksraq;
uqummiaq. Variant: puvliànaq.
puvliq- vi. to become inflated; to become swollen
with air.
puvliqi- vi. to suffer from excess gas in the digestive
tract.
puvviaqtuuq n. 1) pectoral sandpiper. Erolia
melanotos. 2) buff-breated sandpiper. Trybgites

156

puvviaqtuuyaaq

qaaäiuti(burned). Variant: puyuqsitaq.

subruficollis.

puvviaqtuuyaaq n. Baird's sandpiper. Erolia
bairdii.

puya n. 1) dirt; grime. 2) blubber used to waterproof

skin boat seams. See: uvsiài-.
puyait- vi. to be clean.
puyat- vi. to become dirty, to become gummy, tobecome grimy. Syn: ikkak-.
puyau- vi. to be soiled, to be dirty. Putum umaiäa
puyaâallaktuq. Putu's boat is really dirty. Syn:salumait-.
puyauq- vi. 1) to become dried and sticky (of oil).
2) to stalk silently.
puyuaqtitaaàvik n. place smelling of burningwood.
puyuàluqutit n. incense; mosquito repellent

puyuàvik n. chimney of house; stove pipe.
puyuq n. 1) smoke from chimney or insect repellent
powder. 2) smudge.

puyuq- vi. to smoke (of a fire, chimney).
puyuqâuk- vi. to have a smoky fire as protection
against mosquitoes. Syn: putchiq-.

puyuqsitaun n. insect repellent powder, for burning
as protection against mosquitoes.

puyyak- vi. to become greasy or dirty. Variant:puyat-.

puyyiáuktaq n. soiled spot.
puyyuutik n. pinchers of a crab or a scorpion,
pincers. Variant: putyuutik.

Q - q
qaa

n. 1) top side. Syn: qalliq; quli. 2) dorsal area offish. 3) surface. 4) right side of fabric.
qaaglaan adv. when (past tense interrogative).
qaagrak- vt. to file the initial shape of cutting edgeof an ulu or women's knife (which needssmoothing with a whetstone later to provide
sharpness).
qaaàiaq n. hernia.
qaak- vi. to be dull.
qaakäa dem.adv. from out there. See: qagga.
Variant: qaaääa.
qaakäaq- vi. to come from out there.
qaakäauti- vt. to bring from out there (focus:goal).
qaaktaq n. any fish caught with a seine.
qaaktuq n. seine. Syn: qargun.
qaaktuq- vi. to seine.
qaalàiq n. large whitefish with pointed snout:
Nelson's whitefish. Coregonus nelsonii. Syn:aanaakâiq; qalupiaq; qalusraaq; qausriáuk;
quptik; siraatchiaq; tipuk.
qaaliäa- vi. to be disinclined or loath to touching
messy things. See: qaayuài-; qaayuq-.
qaaliäasraàaq- vi. to shudder with revulsion,
disgust, repugnance, etc...
qaaliqsi- vt. to roof a house. Syn: qanaksi-;qiáasri-.
qaallak- vt. to startle; to tickle. Syn: pauvsaruaq-;
qaallaksaaq-; tupak-.
qaallai- to startle; to tickle.
qaallaksaaq- to tickle someone.
qaalu n. parched meat (on the outside).
qaaluk n. slab of a tree: an outside piece cut from alog when squaring it for lumber.

157

qaaluku n. snippet of parched meat, small portion
severed of the parched part of meat.

qaaminniq n. 1) overflowing water from a crack inice. Syn: immaktinniq; siiqsinniq. 2) area of
spreading liquid. Syn: qaaptinniq; siiqsinniq.
qaamit- vi. to flow out, to spread outward, to cover a
surface (of a liquid). Syn: imaqi-; qaaptit-;
suvlik-; suvliula-.
qaamniq n. water-filled hole on ice.
qaanaaq n. eroded cave (in ice or on land).
qaani dem.adv. located out there; located in the
North. See: qagga.
qaaniaäagun through the general area out there(vialis).
qaaniaäani located in the general area out there(locative).
qaaniaäaniñ from the general area out there(ablative).
qaaniaäanun toward the general area out there(terminalis).
qaaäaiãausrima- vi. to overdo. Syn: pivaaââak-;qaaäiuti-; suvaâuk-. Variant: qaaäaiãauti-.
qaaäaiãauti- vt. to overdo one's activity. Syn:aiyuiáisuu-; pivaaââak-; qaaäiuti-; suvaâuk-.
Variant: qaaäaiãausrima-.
qaaäiq- vt. 1) to pass by. Qaaäiqsaàumaruatun
piñiàai. He acted like someone who intended topass by. 2) to surpass, to exceed. Syn: anak-.
qaaäiummati- vi. to predominate, to stay ahead.
qaaäiummati- vt. to surpass all others.
qaaäiuti- 1) vt. to surpass someone. 2) to overdo
something (work, talking, etc.). Syn:aiyuiáisuu-; pivaaââak-; qaaäaiãauti-;suvaâuk-. Variant: qaaäaiãauti-.

qaaääa (C)qaaääa (C) dem.adv. from out there. See: qagga.

Variant: qaakäa.
qaaääaq- vi. to come from out there.
qaaääauti- vt. to bring from out there (focus:goal).
qaapaaksimaaq- vi. to sit on a flat surface with legs
crossed at the knees. See: qaliàiiksimaaq-;
saqpiáuksimaaq-; sitchuqsimaaq-.
qaapiaq n. the highest point. Syn: naqsraq;
qalliqpiaq.
qaapiàuq- vi. to work casually, to work
superficially.
qaapquaq n. overcoat, outer garment. Syn:qupiàaaq.
qaaptinniq n. area of spreading liquid. Syn:siiqsinniq. Variant: qaamniq; qaaminniq.
qaaptit- vi. to spread over a surface (of liquid); tooverflow (water from a crack in the ice). Syn:
qaamit-; siáivla-; ulivla-. See: ukpitaala-.
qaaq- vi. 1) to burst; to explode; to rupture. 2) tobreak (of waves), to collapse into surf or spray.
Syn: saàaaq-.
qaaqtaq- break repeatedly (of waves).
qaaqaq- vi. to have color.
qaaqsruàniq n. blister; callus.
qaaqsruq- vi. to get a blister.
qaaqtaq n. breaker wave (on shore). Syn: iäiulikpak.
See: qaggaq; saàaaq-.
qaaqtuq- vi. 1) to caw (of a raven). Syn: qalàuq-.
2) to break out (a rash of measles or chicken
pox).
qaatchiaq n. skin mattress, bedding. Syn: alliàaq;
atliàaq; avrat; ikivàaq; tuäiutit; tuttaat;uqummatit.
qaatchiäa- vi. to feel uncomfortable (from wet or
dirty clothing, or in a dirty place). Syn:tutqaanaq-.
qaayuài vt. to loathe; to dislike doing. Syn: qaaliäa-;
qaayuq-.
qaayuànaâiq n. corruption. Syn: asiäuun; piiñàiun.
qaayuànaq- vi. 1) to be spoiled, rotten, putrid,
tainted. 2) to be corruptible. See: auraàaqnaq-;
piiñàiqsaqtuaq.
qaayuànaqsiáiuq- vt. to profane, to makeunworthy. Lit: 'make it become spoiled/corrupt'.
Agaayyuvikpaämik qaayuànaqsiáiuàniaâha
pisigiplugu uvagut tigukkaqput. Because of
his profaning the temple, we arrested him.
qaayuq- vi. to be reluctant to touch messy things; tobe loath to butcher animals, etc. See: qaaliäa-;
qaayuài-.
qagga dem.adv. out there: visible, moving/extended;located outside. Syn: qakma; kigga. See:qaani, qauäa, qakäa (qaääa), qauna - see

qaàruqaàvik
charts.

qaggaq n. ocean wave. See: qaaqtaq; qaiáiq.
qaggaq- vi. to be rough, to be whipped by the wind(of waves). Syn: qaiàiit-. See: amiàáuk-;kiniq-.
qagguti- vt. 1) to dazzle, to blind, to shine upon.
2) to enlighten.
qaglu n. deep spot under the ice in the river (good forsetting nets under the ice).
qagna (C) dem.pron. that one out there (Absolutive,
sing.). See: qakkuak, qakkua. Variant:qaäna.
qaktuma that one out there (Relative, sing.).
qaktumani that one out there (locative).
qaktumuäa toward that one out there(terminalis).
qaktumakäa from that one out there (ablative).
qaktumuuna through that one out there (vialis).
qaktumatun like that one out there (similaris).
qaktumiäa that one out there, with that one out
there (modalis).
qagvaq- vi. to surface, to rise to surface of water. Syn:pui-.
qagvaq- vt. to bring up from underground; to bring to
the surface.
qaàa- vi. to take it easy; to rest from work. Variant:qaàasri-.
qaàaiñ- vi. to come. Syn: aggiq-.
qaàait- vi. to be ambitious, to be energetic; to waste
no time.
qaàanait- vi. to be difficult, to be trying. Syn:sakiqnaq-; siàáiàñaq-.
qaàanaq- vi. 1) to be easy to do. Syn: siàáiàñait-.
2) to be so helpful that another hardly needs to
do any work.
qaàasri- vi. to take it easy; to rest from work. Variant:qaàa-.
qaàliik n. 1) men's knee pants of fur: breeches;
pants. 2) women's underpants; bloomers(archaic). Variant: qaàliuraq.
qaàliuraq n. women's underpants; bloomers (archaic).
Variant: qaàliik.
qaàri- vt. to make arrows.
qaàriqsui- vt. to load a gun. Variant: qaàriqsuq-.
qaàriqsuq- vt. to load a gun. Variant: qaàriqsui-.
qaàruayaaqpak n. buckshot (a large lead shot for
shotgun shells, used especially in hunting biggame).
qaàruàila- vi. 1) to travel parallel to something. 2) totravel swiftly. Syn: salik-.
qaàrupiaq n. bow and arrow. Syn: qiluiññaq.
qaàruq n. arrow; a bullet; a projectile.
qaàruq sululik n. feathered arrow.
qaàruqaàvik n. ammunition case; quiver.

158

qaàruqsaq

qakipkuak

qaàruqsaq n. multi-pronged fishhook (covered withskin, baited and left in water).
qaàruqsaq- vi. to use a qaàruqsaq to hook bottom
fish (burbot, known as "mudshark").
qaàrut n. ammunition.
qaàruuraq n. willow stick; a willow shoot.
qaàruuraqtuun n. shotgun.
qaàruurat n. buckshot (C).
qaiàiit- vi. to be rough (of a surface). Syn: kigrak-;
qaggaq-. See: amiàáuk-; kiniq-; qaiáiq-.
qaiàuatit- vi. to reverberate, to resound, to reecho.
qaiàuatitaq- to echo; to resound. Syn: qaiàuq-.
qaiàulik n. ringed seal (also known as ribbon seal).
Phoca hispida. Variant: qairalik.
qaiàuq n. baking pan.
qaiàuq n. bark of a birch tree. Syn: amiàaq;
qasalluq.
qaiàuq- vi. to echo loudly. Syn: qaiàautit-.
qaiàusuk n. cave.
qaiáàuti- vi. to be caught in rough water.
qaiáàuutipkaq- vi. to be caught in rough water (in aboat).
qaiáiñiq n. piece of old ivory; jetsam: item washed up
on shore.
qaiáiq n. ocean wave. Syn: qaggaq.
qaiáiq- n. to be rough (of water). See: qaiàiit-.
qaiáiqpak n. tidal wave; any big wave.
qaiáiunäu- vi. to be seasick, to experience motion
sickness; to be nauseated.
qaiááiuq- vi. 1) to travel through rough water; totravel through turbulent weather. 2) to ride on
the waves in a boat.
qaimäuli- vi. to leave ice (on shore, in the fall, of
breaker waves).
qaimäuq n. frozen foam on the beach, frozen edge ofwater.
qaiññiakkaq n. gift. Lit: 'what is going to be given'.
qaiäiuraq n. green-winged teal. Anas carolinensis.
qaiq n. something smooth and straight.
qaiq- vi. 1) to be smooth. 2) to be flat, to be level.
qaiqataaq- vi. to come to visit. Syn: iññiaqataaq-;
isiqataaq-; utlaqataaq-. See: aäiáaaqataaq-;
iññiqi-; siñiqsraq-.
qaiqataaqtuaq n. visitor. Syn: iglaaq; isiqataaq.
qaiqpak n. big wave.
qaiqsaq- vt. to iron, to press clothes, to makesomething smooth. Variant: qaiqsai-.
qaiqsaun n. iron (for pressing clothes); plane (forsmoothing wood). Syn: itchuun; ikkuun.
qait- vi. give oneself to the Lord; become a Christian.
qait- vt. to give something to someone. Variant:qaitchi-.
qaitchi- vt. to give something to someone. Variant:qait-.

159

qaivaksaq- vi. to attract animals by imitating theircall. Syn: qalàusraaq-.

qaki- vi. 1) to come out of water(of person); to comeup on shore (of boat). Iqaluäniaqtit
qakitiàniàaich umiatiä siñaanun.
Immediately the fishermen brought up theirboats to the shore. 2) to hunt towards upriver; tohunt towards the mountains. Variant: qakit-.
qakiàlugun n. bandage (around one's neck for asore throat).
qakiàluk n. jowls; the lower part of the chin next toneck. See: kiñiqsiq; qiñiqsiq.
qakiàluk- vi. to have a swollen gland in the jowls or
the neck.
qakiàñiáiq- vi. to become rancid (of seal oil).
Variant: qakiq-.
qakiàñit- vi. to smell or taste rancid (such as old sealoil), irritating to the throat. See: qakkiññaqsi-.
qakimaruaq n. sea mammal on top of the ice.
Variant: qaksri.
qakimik- vt. to beat with fists. Syn: tigluaq-;
tugluämik-.
qakimna dem.pron. that one out there (not visible)(Absolutive, sing.). See: qakipkuak,
qakipkua.
qakivruma that one out there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: qakiptuma (C).
qakivrumani that one out there (locative).
Variant: qakiptumani (C).
qakivrumuäa toward that one out there(terminalis). Variant: qakiptumuäa (C).
qakivrumakäa from that one out there(ablative). Variant: qakiptumaääa (C).
qakivrumuuna through that one out there(vialis). Variant: qakiptumuuna (C).
qakivrumatun like that one out there(similaris). Variant: qakiptumatun (C).
qakivrumiäa that one out there, with that one
out there (modalis). Variant: qakiptumiäa (C).
qakiäa- vi. to have become rancid (of seal oil). Syn:
qakiq-.
qakipkua dem.pron. those out there (not visible).
See: qakimna, qakipkuak.
qakipkunani those out there (locative).
qakipkunuäa toward those out there(terminalis).
qakipkunakäa from those out there (ablative).
Variant: qakipkunaääa (C).
qakipkunuuna through those out there (vialis).
qakipkunatun like those out there (similaris).
qakipkuniäa those out there, with those out
there (modalis).
qakipkuak dem.pron. those two out there (notvisible). See: qakimna, qakipkua.

qakiqqakipkuänaäni those two out there (locative).
qakipkuänuäa toward those two out there(terminalis).

qakipkuänakäa from those two out there(ablative). Variant: qakipkuänaääa (C).

qakipkuänuuna through those two out there(vialis).

qakipkuänaktun like those two out there(similaris).

qakipkuäniäa those two out there, with those
two out there (modalis).

qakiq- vt. to hit with fists, to box. Syn: tigluaq-.
qakiq- vi. to be rancid (of seal oil). Syn: qakiäa-.
qakiqsi- vi. to sting (of soap, perspiration or otherforeign matter in eyes).

qakiqtaq- vi. 1) to box; to punch. 2) to have a fist
fight. Syn: qakiqtautraq-.

qakiqtaun n. boxing glove.
qakiqtautraq- vi. to have a boxing match. Syn:
qakiqtaq-.

qakiqtautraqti n. boxer (professional).
qakirvik n. shelf. Syn: iááiviurat;

makpiàaaqaàvik; qallugauraqaàvik;quliàuaq.
qakit- vt. 1) to pull up onto shore or ice. Syn:nuqitchi-. 2) to put on a shelf. Variant:qakitchi-.
qakkiññaqsi- vi. to become bitter to the taste, tobecome acrid to the taste or smell, to become
strong-tasting. See: qakiànit-.
qakkit- vi. to get a thick feeling in the mouth, asfrom acrid food.
qakkua dem.pron. those out there. See: qaäna,
qagna, qakkuak.
qakkunani those out there (locative).
qakkunuäa toward those out there (terminalis).
qakkunakäa from those out there (ablative).
Variant: qakkunaääa (C).
qakkunuuna through those out there (vialis).
qakkunatun like those out there (similaris).
qakkuniäa those out there, with those out there(modalis).
qakkuak dem.pron. those two out there. See: qaäna,
qagna, qakkua.
qakkuänaäni those two out there (locative).
qakkuänuäa toward those two out there(terminalis).
qakkuänakäa from those two out there(ablative). Variant: qakkuänaääa (C).
qakkuänuuna through those two out there(vialis).
qakkuänaktun like those two out there(similaris).
qakkuäniäa those two out there, with those two

qakugupayaaq
out there (modalis).

qakma dem.adv. out there (not visible), towards thecoast; outside the area. Syn: kigga; qagga. See:qakmani, qakmuäa, qakmakäa, qakmuuna- see charts. Variant: qaäma; qaämani,qaämuäa, qaämaääa, qaämuuna.
qakmakäa dem.adv. from out there (not visible).
See: qakma. Variant: qaämaääa.
qakmakäaq- vi. to come from out there (notvisible).
qakmakäauti- vt. to bring from out there (focus:goal) (not visible).
qakmani dem.adv. located out there somewhere (notvisible). See: qakma. Variant: qaämani.
qakmaniaäagun through the general area out
there (vialis) (not visible).
qakmaniaäani located in the general area out
there (locative) (not visible).
qakmaniaäaniñ from the general area out there(ablative) (not visible).
qakmaniaäanun toward the general area out
there (terminalis) (not visible).
qakmuäa dem.adv. toward out there (not visible).
See: qakma. Variant: qaämuäa.
qakmuäatmun dem.adv. toward out there.
qakmuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward out
there (focus: direction).
qakmuäaq- vi. to go toward out there (focus:
actor).
qakmuäauti- vt. to take toward out there (focus:goal).
qakmuuna dem.adv. through out there (not visible).
See: qakma. Variant: qaämuuna.
qakmuunaaq- vi. to go through out there.
qaksrauq n. red-throated loon. Gavia stellata.
qaksrugaun n. belt (used when carrying a baby on
one's back). See: amaaq-. Variant:qaksrugauti.
qaksruàautituq- vi. to serve refreshments to a crewon the beach after their successful whale hunt
(also a sign that whaling season is over).
qaksruq- vi. to return from whaling (of person orboat).
qaksruq- vt. to beach boats after whaling season.
See: tulak-.
qakuak n. frost on the ground.
qakugu adv. whenever; at some (indefinite) time in
the future.
qakuguaglaaànaq- vi. to be possible for death (of aperson) to occur at any time.
qakuguaglaaq- vi. to be so close to death that it isexpected at any time (of a person).
qakugulitchiaq n. rare occurrence.
qakugupayaaq adv. any time soon. See:160

qakuq-qalugruaq

sumipayaaq.

qakuq- vi. 1) to turn white. 2) to be bleached by theweather.

qakutit n. open platform supported by poles (for gearor food). Syn: ikiààat; uäaluurat. See:
qiqitchiuvik; siàáuaq.
qalak n. 1) bubble (a spherical film of liquid filledwith gas). See: puvlak. 2) burp.
qalak- vi. to burp, to belch. Syn: niksaak-.
qalaktuàaq- vi. to gargle.
qalaktuun n. mouthwash; gargling mixture. Variant:qalaktuàaun.
qalaliaq n. air bubble from a mammal moving
underwater. Syn: puvla.
qalasiq n. the navel; the umbilicus.
qalat- vi. to boil; to churn. Imiq saiñiämi qalattuq.
The water in the kettle is boiling.
qalaula- vi. 1) to swirl with bubbles (of lake or river).
See: tiqqala-. 2) to boil, to bubble vigorously.
Variant: qalauq-.
qalàuq- vi. to make its characteristic sound (ofanimal). Syn: qaaqtuq-.
qalàuqtaq- vi. to blow a trumpet, to cause a trumpet
to sound.
qalàuqtaun n. trumpet; a horn (to make noise ormusic).
qalàusraaq- vt. 1) to call bird (by its sound), to
imitate a bird's call. See: aaàaaääuaq-. 2) toattract animals by imitating their call. Syn:qaivaksaq-. Variant: qalàusaaq- (C).
qaliàiiksimaaq- vi. to sit on the floor with ankles
crossed. Syn: saqpiáuksimaaq-;
sitchuqsimaaq-. See: qaapaaksimaaq-.
qaliàuaq n. 1) parka cover; outer garment. See:qaliàuuraq. 2) extra tent cover. 3) extra
blanket.
qaliàuuraq n. 1) dress. See: qaliàuaq. 2) shirt.
qaliäu- vi. to growl (of animal). See: qaliäuula-.
qaliäuula- vi. to roar. Tuunàaq qaliäuularuatun
lion-tun ittuq. The devil is like a roaring lion.
See: imigluk-. Variant: qaliäu-.
qallaktu- vi. to be ticklish.
qalli- vi. to approach, to come near.
qallisi- to get close. Agaayyutim qallisigaasi.
God is coming close to you.
qalliaq- vi. to work at a fish cannery.
qalliàiik n. overlap: two things lying one on top ofeach other. See: kapitaaàiik-.
qalliàiik- vi. to lay one on top of the other (of twothings). See: kapitaaàiik-.
qalliáaaq vi. to get close.
qalliq n. top part; outside.
Kisiääuqtaqaàumiñaitchuq uyaàaämik
qalliani atlam. Certainly no stone will be left161

on top of another. Syn: quli; qaa.

qalliq- vt. to cover, to top with something (to form,

furnish with, or serve as a top). Syn:quliàusriq-.
qalliqi- vi. 1) to work with fish (to scale, cut andhang for drying). 2) to catch much fish(quantity). Syn: niksik-.
qalliqpiaq n. 1) the highest point. Syn: naqsraq;
qaapiaq. 2) the topmost object. Syn:qulliqpiaq; qulliq.
qallisik n. fat around a bird's kidneys. See: qatliñ.
Variant: qatlisik.
qalliuq- vi. to cook fish.
qallugauraq n. drinking cup. Syn: qallugauraq;
qallun.
qallugauraqaàvik n. dish shelf, mainly for cups.
Syn: iááiviurat; makpiàaaqaàvik; qakirvik;
quliàuaq.
qallugauriqi- vi. to wash cups.
qallun n. 1) drinking cup; a bailer cup. Syn: imàun.
2) water pump.
qalluti- vi. to get swamped, to get filled (of boat).
Putum umiaäa qallutiyasriuraqtuq. Putu's
boat got swamped and almost sank. Syn:ikuliq-.
qalluttaq n. dipper cup. Syn: imàun.
qalluttaq- vi. to bail.
qalluttaqtuun n. round wooden scoop (used forpicking blueberries by gently tapping each small
blueberry cluster/bush with the dipper andhaving the berries fall into a receptacle). Syn:patkutaqtuun.
qalluttaun n. ladle; a large serving spoon. Syn:aluutaqpak; qayuutaq.
qalu n. dip net.
qalu- vt. 1) to bail water. 2) to ladle a liquid (stove oil,oil from broth, etc.). Syn: qaluiq-. 3) to dip anet (in fishing).
qaluuq- 1) to bail water (ongoing action). 2) toladle (ongoing action) as removing oil frombroth or removing oil from cooking. 3) to dip a
net in fishing (ongoing action).
qaluaq n. Iñupiaq dish of waterfowl (after removing
the feathers waterfowl is deboned, keeping theskin, fat and meat intact. All openings of theskin are sewn shut and then the whole bird isboiled. The fat of the skin rises to the top whenboiling. After boiling, the skin and meat are cut
up and mixed with the cooled grease.).
qaluaqpak n. king salmon. Onchorhychus
tshawytscha. See: qalugruaq.
qalugruaq n. 1) chum salmon, dog salmon.
Oncorhynchus keta. 2) silver salmon, coho
salmon. Onchorhynchus kisutsch. See:

qaluiqamaqtuq. Variant: aqalugruaq; iqalugruaq.

qamna(vialis) (not visible).

qaluiq- vi. to remove fat, after cooking (e.g. stew,

qavaniaäani located in there somewhere

qaluk n. fish (general term). See: aqaluk; iqaluk;qavaniaäaniñ from in there somewhere

qaluk- vt. to catch fish.
qaluktaq- to catch fish regularly. See: aqaluk-;qavaniaäanun toward in there somewhere

broth etc.). Syn: qalu-.
qalliqi-.

iqaluk-.
qalukisaq n. butterfly.
qalukpik n. 1) trout. Syn: saamaayiq. 2) arctic char.
See: aqalukpik; iqalukpik.
qaluksaq- vt. 1) to dive for a fish (of a bird,
specifically Arctic tern). 2) to fetch fish (fromseine net or from storage). See: qaluksriaq-.
qaluksiiàayuk vi. osprey: fish-eating hawk. Pandion
haliaetus.
qaluksriaq- vt. to procure fish (from storage or fromneighbor). See: qaluksaq-.
qaluäa- vi. to be upturned (nose, crimped soles, etc).
qaluäniaàvik n. 1) fishing season. 2) place to fish,
as a fish camp. Variant: iqaluäniaàvik (C).
qaluäniaq- vi. to fish, to go fishing. Syn:aqaluäniaq-; iqaluäniaq-. See: aäuniaq-.
Variant: qalugniaq-.
qaluäniaqti n. fisherman; one who catches fish.
See: aqaluäniaqti; iqaluäniaqti.
qalupiaq n. whitefish; any species of white fish. Syn:aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalusraaq; qausriáuk;
quptik; siraatchiaq; tipuk. See: aqalupiaq;
iqalupiaq.
qaluqsraq n. 1) deep valley; a ditch. 2) ditch.
qalusraaq n. small dark whitefish (size of a smelt).
Syn: aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalupiaq;
qausriáuk; quptik; siraatchiaq; tipuk.
Variant: iqalusaaq (C).
qalusraaq- vt. to catch whitefish. Variant:iqalusaaq-.
qaluuàviich n. hut-shaped tent frame (made of bent
willow). See: itchalik; qanaich.
qaâiq n. rust, corrosion. Variant: qaliq (C).
qaâiq- vi. to rust, to become corroded. Variant:qaliq- (C).
qamaamak n. mixture of fat and berries (Eskimo ice
cream). Syn: akutuq.
qamakäa dem.adv. from in there (invisible), frominside (not visible). See: qamma. Variant:qamaääa.
qamakäaq- vi. to come from in there (notvisible).
qamakäauti- vt. to bring from in there (focus:goal) (not visible).
qamani dem.adv. located in there somewhere (notvisible). See: qamma.
qavaniaäagun through in there somewhere(locative) (not visible).

(ablative) (not visible).

(terminalis) (not visible).

qamaniak n. the hindmost room in the house.
qamaniq n. lee; wind-sheltered side. Qikiqtam

qamanàagun tiäilàaqsiaqsirugut. We sailed
along under the lee of the island. Variant:qamanàich.
qamannirvik n. sheltered harbor, safe havensheltered from the wind. Taamna
qamannirvik Crete-mi sanmiruaq
uäallamun. That was a sheltered harbor in
Crete facing south. Syn: akivik; uquq;
uquuniq.
qamannit- vi. to be sheltered from wind andweather. Syn: uqqit-; uquuk-. See: akivik.
qamaääa (C) dem.adv. from in there (invisible),from inside (not visible). See: qamma. Variant:qamakäa.
qamaääaq- vi. to come from in there.
qamaääauti- vt. to bring from in there (focus:goal).
qami- vi. to extinguish (itself: of a fire, lamp, etc); toturn off; to go out.
qamit- vi. to be turned off, to be extinguished.
qamma dem.adv. in there, inside: not visible, awayfrom speaker and listener; located upriver. Syn:qavva; kivva. See: qamani; qamuäa,
qamakäa (qamaääa), qamuuna - seecharts.
qammiuàniq n. ash from outdoor fire.
qammun n. flat sled. Variant: qammutit.
qammutit n. 1) flat freight sled (Kobuk). Syn:
uniat. Variant: qammun. 2) sled fortransporting umiaq or qayaq across ice. See:umiurautit.
qammutitaq- vi. to use a flat sled. Variant:qammutiàaq-.
qamna dem.pron. that one inside; that one upriver(Absolutive, sing.). See: qapkuak, qapkua.
qavruma that one inside there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: qaptuma (C).
qavrumani that one inside there (locative).
Variant: qaptumani (C).
qavrumuäa toward that one inside there(terminalis). Variant: qaptumuäa (C).
qavrumakäa from that one inside there(ablative). Variant: qaptumaääa (C).
qavrumuuna through that one inside there(vialis). Variant: qaptumuuna (C).

162

qamäaqqanusiàaq-

qavrumatun like that one inside there (similaris).

Variant: qaptumatun (C).
qavrumiäa that one inside there, with that one
inside there (modalis). Variant: qaptumiäa(C).
qamäaq n. talus; anklebone, which forms the ankle
joint with tibia and fibula.
qamäui- n. to snore.
qamugaurat n. hand sled; small sled without handles
for pulling.
qamugviutaq n. bridle.
qamuk- vt. 1) to tow, to pull with a towline (ofhumans). 2) to drag. Syn: kalik-; nuqitchi-.
See: qimuk-; ukamaq-.
qamuäa dem.adv. toward in there, toward inside;
toward upriver (not visible). See: qamma.
qamuäatmun dem.adv. toward in there.
qamuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward in there(focus: direction).
qamuäaq- vi. to go toward in there (focus:
actor).
qamuäauti- vt. to take toward in there (focus:goal).
qamuukkaâaaq- vi. to walk while pulling a handsled.
qamuuna dem.adv. through in there (invisible),through inside (not visible). See: qamma.
qamuunaaq- vi. to go through in there.
qamuutaq n. 1) towline on a sled, used by a person.
See: qamuk-; qimugvik; qitiàaàun. 2) yoke(for animals). Syn: akiyaun; akiyauttaq.
qanaaq- vi. to quarrel.
qanaich n. tent frame for winter tent. See:qaluuàviich.
qanak n. tent pole; roof beam. See: ayak.
qanak- vt. to put roof lumber of house, to put roof
beams.
qanaksi- vt. to roof a house. Syn: qaaliqsi-;
qiáasri-.
qani adj. close, being near in space or time.
qani- vi. to accompany someone partway. Variant:qaniáaaq-.
qanigruaàuutipchaq- vi. to be caught in asnowstorm. Variant: qanigruaàuutipkaq- (C).
qanigruaq- vi. to snow heavily, with large flakes.
qaniàmigaq- vi. to play the harmonica.
qaniàmigaun n. harmonica. Variant:qanikkuaànaq.
qanik n. snowflake; falling snow.
qanik- vi. to snow.
qanikuaq- vi. to pass someone closely (e.g. walking,driving etc.). See: saràut-.
qanikula- vi. to snow slightly. Variant: qaniala-.
qaniáaaq- vi. 1) to travel partway. 2) to accompany

163

someone partway. Variant: qani-.

qaniq n. mouth; oral cavity.
qanirvani pos.adv. located at the near side.
qanisaq n. storm porch; outer entry way. Asriat

qanisani sakma. The berries, [they are] out
there in the storm porch. Variant: qanitchaq.
qanit- vi. to be near, close.
qanitchaq n. storm porch; outer entry way. Variant:qanisaq.
qannaàik- vi. 1) to be quarrelsome; to talk back.
2) to be outspoken.
qanniq- vt. to order, to send for (as from a catalog).
qanniuq- vi. to ask a favor.
qanniuq- vt. to send an invitation to someone, tosummon. Syn: itqu-.
qanäui- vt. to budge a heavy or stuck object; to moveslightly. Variant: qanäuq-.
qanäuq- vt. to budge a heavy or stuck object; tomove slightly. Variant: qanäui-; qatäuq-.
-qanu encl. probably.
qanuàliqaa excl. "Whatever it is!" (expression of
resignation or recognition).
qanuàliqaaâiq n. unsteadiness.
qanuàlitai excl. I wonder how [he/she] will do.
qanuàviiáaq- vt. to reprimand. See: upyak-. Variant:qanuàviiqsit-.
qanuàviiãiq n. dilemma.
qanuàviiq- vi. to be confused. Syn: alapiäaaq-;
kinnaqsaq-; makimaq-.
qanuàviiqsit- vt. to reprimand. See: upyak-.
Variant: qanuàviiáaq-.
qanuàviit- vi. to be uncertain; to have no choice in amatter; to be unable to do anything about it; tobe at a loss as to how to react. (An expression of
comfort to those who feel a deep sense of loss. It
expresses that one cannot do anything about thesituation; that it is fate.). Syn: pitqusriqsrait-.
qanuâak- vi. to be provoked, to be angry, to be mad.
qanuâakkusraaq- vt. to provoke someone.
qanuâaqtitchiñiaqti n. troublemaker. Syn:aguirrun; agviñ.
qanuâaqtitchiri n. troublemaker. Syn:iâuiááuqutaqti.
qanuäiq n. diamond willow.
qanuq quest. how? what?
qanuqitilaaq- vt. to examine, to investigate. Syn:qaunaksruq-; qiñimmaaàiksaaq-.
qanuqpich-uvva quest. what are you saying? what's
happening to you?
qanuqsausiiq- vi. to be ambivalent, to be indecisive.
qanusiàaãiksraq n. action (following decision to dosomething).
qanusiàaq- vi. to act, to behave, to function, to do.
Qanusiàalgitpisi? What have you done again?

qanusriuâiq
qanusriuâiq n. characteristic (of a person), attribute;nature; type. Syn: sutqusiq.
qanutnamuqausiksraiq- vi. to lack a sense of
direction, to be confused about one's direction.
qanutun quest. for how long? how much?
qanuun n. the meaning of something.
qanuusriksraitáaitchuaq n. problem-solver, one
who seems limitless in ability.
qanuutau- vi. to mean. Qanuutauva-una? What
does this mean?
qaäa encl. long time ago (realized action).
Taimakäa-qaäa. Since time immemorial.
qaäaa! excl. No! (Used to express refusal, denial,disbelief, emphasis, or disagreement, used much
more sparingly than 'no' in English). Syn:naagga! ; naumi! See: amiumaa!
qaäaaglaan quest. when? (past tense interrogative);
how long ago? Variant: qaäaglaan; qaglaan.
qaäa-aglaan encl. since then.
qaäaluqaa! excl. That's how it was in the old days!
qaäapak adv. in years past.
qaäasaaq adv. long time ago.
qaäata- vi. to be elevated.
qaäataaq n. 1) ice (elevated off the ground).
2) hollow part of a steep riverbank (eroded bywater), undercut riverbank.
qaäatai excl. long ago; it's been long since.
qaäataliktaq- vi. to rumble (as a moving sled).
qaäataâik- vi. to bounce (hitting a bump when riding
in a car or in a sled). Variant: qaäatalik-.
qaäataâiktaq- to bounce along over bumps; torumble along; to bounce from hitting bumps
repeatedly.
qaäattaq- vi. to rise above the ground; to take offfrom the ground.
qaäatuaq- vi. to do things in a traditional way.
Variant: qaäatun-.
qaäma (C) dem.adv. out there: not visible, towards
the coast; outside the area. Syn: kigga; qagga.
See: qaämani, qaämuäa, qaämaääa,
qaämuuna - see charts. Variant: qakma;
qakmani, qakmuäa, qakmakäa,
qakmuuna.
qaämaliq n. Arctic Coast dweller.
qaämani dem.adv. located out there somewhere (notvisible). See: qaäma. Variant: qakmani.
qaämaniaäagun through the general area out
there (vialis) (not visible).
qaämaniaäani located in the general area out
there (locative) (not visible).
qaämaniaäaniñ from the general area out there(ablative) (not visible).
qaämaniaäanun toward the general area out
there (terminalis) (not visible).

qapkuaqaämaääa (C) dem.adv. from out there (notvisible). See: qaäma. Variant: qakmakäa.

qaämaääaq- vi. to come from out there (notvisible).

qaämaääauti- vt. to bring from out there (focus:goal) (not visible).

qaämuäa dem.adv. toward out there (not visible).
See: qaäma. Variant: qakmuäa.

qaämuäatmun dem.adv. toward out there.
qaämuäatmuk- vi. to transition toward out there(focus: direction).

qaämuäaq- vi. to go toward out there.
qaämuäauti- vt. to take toward out there (focus:goal).

qaämuuna dem.adv. through out there (not visible).
See: qaäma. Variant: qakmuuna.

qaämuunaq- vi. to go through out there.
qaäna dem.pron. that one out there (Absolutive,

sing.). See: qakkuak, qakkua. Variant:qagna.
qagruma that one out there (Relative, sing.).
qagrumani that one out there (locative).
qagrumuäa toward that one out there(terminalis).
qagrumakäa from that one out there (ablative).
qagrumuuna through that one out there (vialis).
qagrumatun like that one out there (similaris).
qagrumiäa that one out there, with that one out
there (modalis).
qaänaaq- vi. to be good spring weather when seals
bask in the sun on the ice.
qaänaaq (C) n. toward the Northern Coast.
qapak- vi. to try again while playing the game of
qiputaq.
qapiäa- vi. to be discouraged. Syn: nika-.
qapiäaisaaq- vt. to encourage. Syn: kiikaaqsruq-;siimasaaq-.
qapiäait- vi. 1) to persevere; to endure. 2) to beenthusiastic.
qapiq- vi. to become discouraged, to give up; to settle
for something other that what one originallywanted. Variant: kutchuq-; qapquti-.
qapiqpaäa- vi. to be disappointed.
qapiqsiàiutraq- vi. to quarrel; to argue.
qapiqtaiái- vi. to argue heatedly; to try to win.
qapiqtauti- vi. 1) to quarrel. 2) to disobey, to go
against someone's wish or command.
qapiya- vi. to be cowardly, to be afraid.
qapkua dem.pron. those inside; that one upriver. See:
qamna, qapkuak.
qapkunani those inside there (locative).
qapkunuäa toward that one inside there(terminalis).
qapkunakäa from those inside there (ablative).

164

qapkuakqasaqtaq-

Variant: qapkunaääa (C).

qapkunuuna through those inside there (vialis).
qapkunatun like those inside there (similaris).
qapkuniäa those inside there, with those insidethere (modalis).
qapkuak dem.pron. those two inside; that one
upriver. See: qamna, qapkua.
qapkuänaäni those two inside there (locative).
qapkuänuäa toward those two inside there(terminalis).
qapkuänakäa from those two inside there(ablative). Variant: qapkuänaääa (C).
qapkuänuuna through those two inside there(vialis).
qapkuänaktun like those two inside there(similaris).
qapkuäniäa those two inside there, with those
two inside there (modalis).
qapquti- vt. to give up on one's plan or action.
Variant: kutchuq-; qapiq-.
qaprak- vt. to remove blubber (from skin), to flesh asea mammal. Variant: qarvak- (C).
qapsich? quest. how many?
qapsiñik quest. (with) how many?
qapsiäukpa? quest. what time is it? (C); how manyare left? (K).
qapsiraq n. blubber (of seal, whale, etc).
qapsitaaq n. sugar.
qapsuk- vi. to become dim (of light), to become low(of fire). Variant: qavsuk-.
qapsuktaaq- vt. to turn down; to lower a flame.
Variant: qavsuktaaq-; qavyuktaaq-.
qapsuktaq- vi. to flicker (of light or flame), to burnunsteadily. Variant: qavsuktaq-.
qaptiq- vi. to douse a fire with water.
qapuk n. foam.
qapukâuk n. froth; bubbles; foam on the seashore.
qapvaitchiaq n. marten (animal, related to weasel).
qapvik n. wolverine. Gulo gulo. Variant: qavvik.
qapviksiun n. wolverine trap. Variant: qavviksiun.
qaqaq- vi. to bend one's body back. Syn: kikiik-;
niviq-; qiviq-.
qaqaqtaq- vi. to gyrate one's hips, to move the hips
and buttocks back and forth; to do the hula.
qaqaula- vi. to imitate the call of the ptarmigan.
qaqiqsi- vi. to be unable to open one's eyes (becauseof soap or other foreign matter).
qaqisaq n. the brain.
qaqâik n. waterproof sealskin boot (knee high). Syn:imaàniqqun; ipialik; kivluaq; mamilik;
ulitchuiáaq. Variant: iqaqâik.
qaqâak pair of waterproof boots.
qaqâuàun n. bridle.
qaqâuk n. the lip.

165

qaqâuqpalik n. 1) greater scaup ; bluebill duck.
Aythya marila. 2) person with big lips.

qaqâutuuq n. lesser scaup duck, (also called) bluebill
duck. Aythya affinis.

qaqqauyaaq n. cookie. Variant: qaqqulauraq.
qaqqi- vi. to bake bread. Syn: qaqquliuq-.
qaqqiaksraq n. bread dough.
qaqqiaq n. bread.
qaqqivik n. 1) oven. 2) loaf pan.
qaqquànaq n. nut (peanut, walnut, etc).
qaqqula- vi. to make a crunching sound whenchewing crackers.

qaqqulauraq n. cookie; a small cracker. Variant:qaqqauyaaq.

qaqquliktaq n. pilot bread; a cracker. Variant:qaqqulaaq.

qaqquliktaun n. case of pilot bread. Variant:qaqqulaun (C).

qaqquliuq- vi. to bake bread or cake. Syn: qaqqi-.
qaqqun n. hot wire (heated to bore hole throughwood).

qaqquq n. breadstuffs, such as bread, biscuit, etc..
qaqquq- vt. to crunch up (with the teeth); to breakup (with the teeth, like an ice cube, hard candy,etc.).
qaqsuq- vi. to be bleached by weather.
qaqsrauq n. red-throated loon. Gavia stellata.
qaqutuq- vi. to stick one's finger or another object
into an opening (e.g. into a stove, into one's
mouth, into a bone for marrow, etc.). Syn:saulluq-.
qaqutuq- vt. to rummage, to discover by searching
thoroughly.
qargi n. ancient community house; men's house;traditional community house.
Jewt qargiat Jewish community house.
qargich n. underwater trap for burbot (socalled "mudshark"). Syn: qargisaq.
qargisaq n. 1) caribou trap dug in hard snow andcovered with soft snow, a pitfall. 2) fish trap.
Syn: qargich.
qargisaq- vi. to get trapped (fish or animal).
qargisaq- vt. to trap in a pitfall.
qargun 1) n. seine; trawl (dragnet). Syn: qaaktuq.
See: qargich.
qaràut- vt. to overshoot; to shoot too high.
qarraaq n. a mat; a pad; a mattress.
qaruq- vi. to end, to stop (of wind).
qarvak- vt. to remove blubber (from skin), to flesh asea mammal. Variant: qaprak-.
qasalluq n. 1) thick cottonwood bark. Syn: amiàaq;
qaiàuq. Variant: qasralluq. 2) scab. Variant:qasralluq.
qasaqtaq- vi. to lap, to wash, to slap against (ofqasigiaq
water). Variant: qasraqtaq-.

qatraqsibling related through father.

qasigiaq n. spotted seal; harbor seal. Variant:qataääun n. sibling, acquired through parents'

qasiái- vt. 1) to beg; to supplicate. 2) to sting (feel aqataääutigiich n. children of two sets of parents

qasrigiaq.

smarting pain), to become irritated or painful(when applying salt or strong ointment to chafedskin). See: miäuluk-.
qasiáiñaq- vi. to be overbearing, to be importunate,
to be persistently entreating. Variant:qasriáiñaq-.
qasu- vi. to become slack; to unwind. Variant:qasru-.
qasuaq- vi. to calm down (of wind or human). Syn:quunniq-; suamait-. Variant: qasruaq-.
qasui- vi. to become slack; to unwind.
qasuäa- vi. 1) to be withered. Variant: qasru-. 2) tobe loose, slack.
qasralluq n. 1) thick bark of a cottonwood tree. Syn:amiàaq; qaiàuq. 2) a scab. Variant: qasalluq.
qasraq- vi. to ring (of bell, etc). Syn: aviáuq-; aviu-.
qasraqtaq- vi. to lap, to wash, to slap against (ofwater). Variant: qasaqtaq-.
qasrigiaq n. spotted seal; harbor seal. Variant:qasigiaq.
qasriái- vt. 1) to request (almost to the point ofdemanding), to entreat. Iñugayaat
qasriáiaqsiñiàaat Putu pituiquplugu isiqtaq.
The crowd kept requesting that Putu release theprisoner. 2) to tell others of one's desires.
qasriáiñaq- vi. 1) to be overbearing, to be demanding(always asking for something), to beimportunate. Variant: qasiáiñaq-. 2) howl (of adog). Syn: magu-.
qasru- vi. 1) to be withered. Variant: qasuäa-. 2) tobecome slack. Variant: qasu-.
qasruaq- vi. to become calm (of wind or water). Syn:quunniq-; suamait-. Variant: qasuaq-.
qasruniq n. motionless water. Variant: qasuniq(C).
qasruäa- vi. 1) to be withered. 2) to be loose, to be
slack. Variant: qasuäa-.
qasruq- vi. to end, to quit, to stop, to finish. Putu
qasruànaiyugaqtuq. It is not easy for Putu tostop. Syn: iñiq-.
qasruqsaaàun n. benediction; a closing song or
prayer (in church). Syn: iñiqsaaàun.
qasruqsaaq- vt. to close meeting, to pray or sing inclosing. Agaayupluni katimmaâiq
qasruqsaaàaa. He prayed and closed themeeting. Syn: iñiqsaaq-.
qataiqsiqataqtuaq n. hoarse voice.
qatait- vi. to have a high pitched voice. Variant:qatikkit-.
qatak n. child by other than one's spouse, illegitimate

swapping relationship.

who are swapping partners.

qatchak- vi. to make a whooping noise (expressing
pleasure) while dancing. Syn: tuavit-.

qatchaktuq- vt. to scare animals by make noises,

often with echo (especially caribou). Variant:qasaktuq-.
qatchala- vi. to shout victory; to shout to signal
success; to burst out with yelling when returningfrom a successful hunt. Putu utiqami
qatchallaruq. When Putu returned home heshouted to signal success. Variant: qasala-.
qatchik- vi. to stand out; to protrude, to beprominent, to project. Syn: nuima-.
qatchiuq- vi. to prepare broth with blood.
qati n. the tone of one's voice.
qatigaaàun n. armor; a breastplate (C).
qatigaak n. the anterior surface of the body: front
quarters (of animal); breasts (of human). See:miluk.
qatigaaq n. thorax.
qatiànisi n. white hunting snow shirt (forcamouflage in snow). Variant: qatiàniñ.
qatik n. bird's breast.
qatikkit- vi. to have a high-pitched voice. Variant:qatait-.
qatiq- vi. to be white.
qatiqtaaq n. whiteness; the color white.
qatiqtitaq n. whitecap waves, waves with a crest offoam.
qatitu- vi. to have a low-pitched voice.
qatliñ n. fat around the stomach of birds. See:qallisik; qatlisik.
qatlisik n. fat found around both kidneys (of bird).
Variant: qallisik.
qatmik- vi. to be impatient, to be frustrated; to be
cranky.
qatmiksaaq- vi. to complain, to express feelings ofpain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.
qatmiáiq- vi. 1) to become frustrated. 2) to become
impatient.
qatäuq- vt. to budge a heavy or stuck object; to moveslightly. Variant: qanäuq-.
qatäuqtaq- vt. to jar, to vibrate: to bump or cause to
move or shake from impact.
qatqit- vi. 1) to become an adult; to be in one's prime.
2) to be at the top. See: qulliq.
qatraiàun n. tape recorder.
qatraq n. echo. Syn: akiãuk.
qatraq- vi. to reverberate (of sounds), to echo (ofvoices).

166

qattaàruk

qaunaksri

qattaàruk n. barrel; a keg (wooden).
qattaq n. bucket; a pail; a water barrel with a cover.
qattaq- vi. to be bare, without clutter. See: suàait-.
qattauraq n. bell.
qattautchikkaq n. metal can. Syn: ikuaraq;
quagrulik.

qau- vi. to dawn; to break (of day, light); to ascend(of the sun).

qauàri- vi. 1) to regain consciousness. 2) to becomeaware of oneself (of a child).

qauàrima- vi. to be aware; to be conscious. See: siái.
qauàrimaaàiit- vi. 1) to be inattentive; unaware (ofchild who doesn't know better yet). 2) to beretarded, to be mentally less than average or
normal, as in intellectual development.
qauàrimaaàik- vi. 1) to be alert, to be keen.
Taatnaàuta iqiiàuta qauàrimaagiksa.
Therefore, let us fully wake up and be keenly
alert. Syn: iivitchuaàik-. 2) to be conscientious:
to be guided by or in accordance with thedictates of conscience; to be thoughtful.
qauàrimaaàiun n. conscience: the awareness of amoral or ethical aspect to one's conduct. Syn:iivitchuaàiun.
qauàrimait- vi. to be numb; to be unconscious.
qauàrimmaaàiun n. conscience. Syn:isumagiisaaâiq; isumagiksuaâiq;
naààutchaun.
qauàriñiqãak- vi. to suddenly become sober.
qauk n. top end of a sheep breast bone. Syn: sakiak.
qaukâiich n. council, the elders (in church). Syn:umialiänat; utuqqanaat.
qaukâiâhiñat n. exevutive session. Lit: 'only leaders'.
qaukâiq n. chief, a boss, president; a foreman, headman; a principal; a bishop. Syn: aäalati;
aäalatchiri; ataniq; qaunaksri.
qaulàun n. 1) stick (positioned between a pelt and adrying frame to make pulling easier after the peltdries). 2) bar for locking a door: a long, straight,
rigid piece of material. Variant: qaulàuti.
qaulàutchiq- vt. to bar a door, to block a door, tofasten securely with a long, straight, rigid pieceof material. Syn: saniàutchiq-; saniqsaq-.
qaulàuttaq n. small sharp side pain (when running).
qaulluqsima- vi. to be red-hot from fire (of stones
or iron).
qauma n. the light (sun). See: naniq. Variant:qaummaq.
qauma- vi. to have light from a source (sun, bright
light, bulb, etc.).
qaumaavyuk- vi. to be twilight, neither too dark nor
too bright. See: qaumauraaq.
qaumaluk n. 1) crystal, glass sphere. 2) item thatallows transmission of light but causes sufficient167

diffusion to prevent perception of distinct
images. See: qaummaàik-. Variant:qaumaâuk.
qaumaniq n. 1) beam of light, ray of light. 2) halo; animbus. Syn: avaluàun.
qaumaqqun n. chimney, protective glass of alantern. Syn: akiãhun.
qaumauraaq n. twilight. See: qaumaavyuk-.
qaummaàik- vi. 1) to be bright, to be light, to be
glowing. Syn: qitñaànaq-. See:qaummaqtuaq. 2) to be clear, to betranslucent, to be light enough to see through.
Syn: qaummaq-; tapinniáuk-. See:qaumaluk.
qaummaàiäñiq n. brightness.
qaumman n. light source (artificial).
qaummaq n. the light (sun). Variant: qauma.
qaummaq- vi. to be clear, to be translucent. Syn:qaummaàik-; tapinniáuk-.
qaummaqtuaq n. glow. See: qaummaàik-.
qaummatit- vi. to flash.
qaummiaraàaq n. beacon, flashing object. Syn:akiãugaq.
qaummiaraàaq- vi. to glare: shining blindingly; toflash: giving off light in intermittent bursts. Syn:akiãuk-; qaummatit-.
qauna dem.adv. through the general area out there,
through outside. See: qagga.
qaunaaq- vi. to go through the general area out
there.
qaunagi- vi. to watch over; to take care of.
Qaunagititchi sivuniksriqiääuaqtaunik. Be
careful of the false prophets. Syn: misiksri-;
munaqsri-; nayuqtuaq-. See: qaunaksruq-.
Variant: qaunaksri-.
qaunakkiaàik- vi. to watch out for, to take into
account. Qaunakkiaàikkumausi ilipsitñik.
Pay attention to what is going to happen to you.
Qaunakkiaàigitchi tamatkunakäa iñuäniñ
pigiitchuaniñ. Watch out for those evil people.
See: upit-. Variant: qaunatqiaàik-.
qaunakkiaàiksi- to look out for, to turn one's
attention to. Piitchuäa atriäanik ilaan
qaunakkiaàiksiksrapsitñik. There is no one
like him [who] is anxiously looking out for you.
qaunakkun n. watchfulness, care ("watchcare").
Kia-unniiñ ivayaaàiyumiñaitchaa Aapam
qaunakkutaaniñ. No one will be able to snatch
him from the father's care.
qaunaknaq n. person or item needing supervisionor care (e.g. a stove which may burn,mischievous child, dangerous place or object,etc.).
qaunaksri n. 1) watchman. 2) bishop. Syn: qaukâiq.

qaunaksriqaunaksri- vt. to guard; to watch over; to care for; totake care of, to watch over someone orsomething. Syn: misiksri-; munaqsri-.
Variant: qaunagi-.
qaunaksruq- vt. to examine critically; to observe
carefully. Qaukâiich qaunaksruàniàaat
nunaaqqim paaäiñi. The leaders watched thegates of the city carefully. Qaunaksruàusi
uvlut! You pay attention to days! Syn:
qanuqitilaaq-; qiñimmaaàiksaaq-. See:qaunagi-.
qaunatqiaàiit- vi. to be careless. Syn: qaunatqiit-.
qaunatqiaàik- vi. to watch, to take heed, to takecare. Qaunatqiaàiksuksraurusri. You mustwatch yourselves. Qaunatqiaàiááapiaàli
puukkaâiksraàmiñiñ. Let him be careful about
his possible stumbling. Syn: qaunatqik-.
Variant: qaunakkiaàik-.
qaunatqiit- vi. to be careless. Syn: qaunatqiaàiit-.
qaunatqik- vi. to be careful; to be responsible; to beconsiderate. Syn: qaunatqiaàik-.
qauniq n. the shade of a color, hue, gradation ofcolor.
qauniuraaq n. daybreak; twilight.
qaunnak n. the [two strips of ] fat from the back of a
caribou. Variant: qaunnaich.
qauäa dem.adv. toward out there. See: qagga.
qauäatmun dem.adv. toward out there.
qauäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward out there(focus: direction).
qauäaq- vi. to go toward out there (focus: actor).
qauäauti- vt. to take toward out there (focus:goal).
qauäuraaq- vi. to slowly become light after fog,
darkness, storm, etc.
qaupaaqsaaq n. brightness on firm snow in January(indicating what kind of weather to expect inspring).
qauq n. forehead.
qauq- vi. to split loose (of a piece of wood); tosplinter. Syn: aggaq-; aäivraq- maki-;. See:
qauqtiài-.
qauq- vt. to pry loose.
qauqi- vi. to get a splinter or thorn in one's flesh.
Variant: qauqqit-.
qauqit- vi. get a splinter or thorn in one's flesh.
Variant: qauqi-.
qauqqun n. splinter of wood in the flesh; a sliver.
Syn: nukiqqut. Variant: qauqqutaq.
qauqqusiq- vt. to put a stick inside footwear to holdit for shaping or drying; to put a stick between apelt and it's frame when drying the pelt. Variant:qauqqusriq-.
qauqtala- vi. to move excitedly. Syn: tiqtala-. See:qavsukupit-.

qauqtiài- vt. to loosen a stuck object from, to pry astuck object from. Variant: qauq-; qauqtiq-.

qauqtiq- vt. to break loose, to pry loose. Variant:qauqtiài-.

qauri- vt. to roast a fish on a spit over open fire. Syn:argiq-. See: kakiak-.

qaurriñ (C) n. roasting spit to roast a fish on an

open fire. Syn: argiq; qikautaq. Variant:qaurritñaq.
qauruksraq n. gloaming, the darkness before
daybreak. Lit: 'must become light'.
qausriáuk n. large whitefish with round snout. Syn:aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalupiaq; qalusraaq;
quptik; siraatchiaq; tipuk.
qausriáuksiun n. net for qausriáuk. Syn:aanaakâiqsiun.
qautchii- vi. to wait for daybreak.
qavakäa dem.adv. from in there, from inside, fromupriver. See: qavva. Variant: qavaääa.
qavakäaq- vi. to come from in there.
qavakäauti- vt. to bring from in there (focus:goal).
qavani dem.adv. located in there somewhere. See:qavva.
qavaniaäagun through in there somewhere(vialis).
qavaniaäani located in there somewhere(locative).
qavaniaäaniñ from in there somewhere(ablative).
qavaniaäanun toward in there somewhere(terminalis).
qavaäa- vi. to sleep lightly.
qavaääa (C) dem.adv. from in there, from inside,from upriver. See: qavva. Variant: qavakäa.
qavaääaq- vi. to come from in there.
qavaääauti- vt. to bring from in there (focus:goal).
qavia n. sand (small, loose grains of disintegratedrock). Syn: qaviaq.
qaviaq n. sand (expanse of land covered with sand, asa beach or desert). Syn: qavia.
qaviqsuaq n. Northern sucker (a bottom feedingfish).
qavlu n. eyebrow (an arch of short hairs covering thebrow ridge).
qavlunaaq n. eyebrow ridge (the bony ridge
extending over the eye); a brow of a human.
qavluun n. hundred, one hundred.
qavsich? quest. how many [are there]?
qavsiñik? quest. (with) how many?
qavsuk- vi. to become dim (of light), to become low(of fire). Variant: qapsuk-.

168

qavsuktaaq-

qiiäa-

qavsuktaaq- vt. to turn down; to lower a flame.

Variant: qapsuktaaq-; qavyuktaaq-.
qavsuktaq- vi. to flicker (of light or flame), to burnunsteadily. Variant: qapsuktaq-.
qavuäa dem.adv. toward in there, toward inside,
toward upriver. See: qavva.
qavuäatmun dem.adv. toward in there.
qavuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward in there(focus: direction).
qavuäaq- vi. to go toward in there (focus: actor).
qavuäauti- vt. to take toward in there (focus:goal).
qavuuna dem.adv. through the general area in there,
through inside generally. See: qavva.
qavuunaaq- vi. to go through the general area in
there.
qavva dem.adv. in there: visible, moving/extended,
inside; located upriver. Syn: qamma; kivva.
See: qavani, qavuäa, qavakäa (qavaääa),qavuuna - see charts.
qavviatchiaq n. marten. Variant: qapviatchiaq.
qavvik n. wolverine. Gulo gulo. Variant: qapvik.
qavviksiun n. wolverine trap. Variant: qapviksiun.
qavyuktaaq- vt. to turn down; to lower a flame.
Variant: qapsuktaaq-; qavsuktaaq-.
qayaàulik n. ringed seal.
qayaänaq- vi. to be fragile.
qayaq n. kayak: a canoe consisting of a light wooden
frame completely covered with skins except fora single or double opening in the center andpropelled by a double-bladed paddle.
qayaqhuiq- vi. to rock on waves (of a boat); tosway with the waves.
qayau- vi. to capsize in a qayaq. See: kitñu-;
paâuq-; umiu-.
qayuiããak- vi. to slip (to slide involuntarily and lose
one's balance or foothold). Syn: quayaqit-.
qayuksraq n. boiled blood broth (blood for qayuq).
Variant: qayusaaq.
qayuq n. caribou blood soup mixed with flour; boiled
blood broth.
qayuqâaq n. ripple on surface of snow; frozen wave
covered with snow.
qayusaaq (C) n. broth mixed with blood (thicker
than imiàaq). Variant: qayuksraq;
qayusraaq.
qayusraaksraq n. oatmeal; farina; cornmeal, etc.
(ingredients for mush).
qayusraaq (K) n. 1) cooked flour with little oil.
2) flour soup with seal oil or caribou fat.
Variant: qayusaaq (C).
qayuutaaq n. pine grosbeak. Pinicola enucleator.
qayuutaq n. ladle; a large spoon; a water dipper. Syn:aluutaun; qalluttaun.

169

qayuutauraq n. sternum, breastbone (invertebrates).

qayyi- vi. to make a qayaq (canoe).
qayyiiàun n. northern phalarope. Lobipes lobatus.
qia- vi. to cry, to weep, to shed tears. Variant: qira-.
qiagiyaq- vi. to remove outer part of an intestine.
qiaâiq- vi. to groan, to cry quietly. Syn: imäiq-;minàuq-.

qianaratuuq n. golden-crown sparrow. Zonotrichia
atricapilla.

qianàaq n. cross fox. Syn: kavviaq, kayuqtuq,

qianàaqtuluk, qiàñiqtaq, qusrhaaq. See:pisukkaaq.
qianàaqtuluk n. blue fox. Syn: kavviaq;
kayuqtuq; qianàaq; qiàñiqtaq; qusrhaaq.
See: pisukkaaq.
qiaq n. 1) chopped-up ugruk intestine (delicacy).
2) the outer intestinal membrane. See: mamiq.
qiaqpak n. tidal wave.
qiari- vt. to bully a smaller child to the point ofcrying; to torment a smaller child to the point oftears.
qiasukkisaq- vi. to sob.
qiatuqtuq n. intestines (turned inside out, cleaned
and eaten). Syn: kivviàruat. See: iäaluat.
qichaaàvik n. standing place at the back of a basket
sled. Variant: qikaaàvik.
qichaàaaq- vi. to stand around leisurely; to loiter.
qichaq- vi. to stand, to maintain an upright position
on one's feet. Syn: makit-. Variant: qikaq-.
qichaqtuaq- vi. to stand around, doing nothing
much. Variant: qikaqtuaq- (C).
qigguvik n. place of death by freezing. See: qiu-.
Variant: qiuvik.
qigiyuk n. white-fronted goose. Anser albifrons.
qigáuk n. bronchial tube.
qigáuk- vt. to regret a loss (of person or thing).
qiàaqtaq- vi. to ascend. Syn: mayuq-.
qiààait- vi. to be lively.
qiààaq- vi. to be stiff (of a body, muscle, part (ofgun, machine, etc.)).
qiàñiq n. black muskrat. See: kigvaluk.
qiàñiq- vi. to be black, to be dark.
qiàñiqtaaq n. blackness; something black.
qiàñiqtalik n. bighorn sheep (about three years old,with black stubs on horns). Ovis canadensis.
Syn: ipnaiq.
qiàñiqtaq n. black fox, silver fox. Syn: kavviaq;
kayuqtuq; qianàaq; qianàaqtuluk;
qusrhaaq. See: pisukkaaq.
qiiligruk- vt. to clench fists and teeth in frustration.
Syn: kigimmi-; paaruk-.
qiiäa- vi. to roll eyes (of dying person, one having a
convulsion, or one frustrated, etc.).

qiiqsruqqiiqsruq- vi. to have an epileptic seizure (foam at themouth). See: innuli-; malukak-.
qikaaàvik n. standing place at the back of a basket
sled. Variant: qichaaàvik.
qikaq- vi. to stand, to maintain an upright position on
the feet. Syn: makit-. Variant: qichaq-.
qikautaq n. roasting spit. Syn: argiq; qaurriñ.
2) roasting stick: stick on which to put meat or
fish when roasting it over camp fire. Syn:argiutaq.
qiki- 1) vi. to feel shy; to be reserved in another's
presence; to be bashful. Syn: atlayuaq-;
attaqsrau-; kanäusruu-. 2) to feel intimidated;to feel unworthy.
qikigi- vi. 1) to feel embarrassed, to be bashful, to beshy (self-conscious). Syn: malukkagi- ;suqpagi-. 2) to be reluctant through fear of
humiliation: to be ashamed.
qikiàaànaq n. hard-packed snow that echoes with acreaking or hollow sound when stepped on.
qikiàaàniq- vi. to make a creaking sound (of snow).
qikiàaq n. creaking sound on hard snow when
stepping on it.
qikiàaqpaluktaq- vi. to echo when walked on (ofhard snow).
qikiàaqtaq- vi. to make a creaking sound bywalking on hard-packed snow.
qikiäa- vi. to be warped, to be bent.
qikiqtaànaq n. coastlands (islands and sloughs along
the coast).
qikiqtaàruk n. peninsula; City of Kotzebue.
qikiqtaq n. island. Syn: tapqaq.
qikiqtasugruk n. big island. Syn: tapqaq. Variant:qikiqtaqpak.
qikisit- vt. to warp. Syn: qiluk-.
qikisu- vi. to be timid; to hesitate to assert oneself,
usually in the presence of someone regarded
with awe. Variant: qiki-.
qikãiq n. china dish. Syn: saasrhaq.
qikäaq- vi. to be blinded by bright light; to beunadjusted to brightness. Variant: qitñaq-.
qiksumiraaq- vi. to close one's eyes slowly in ill
feeling: disgust, anger, dislike. Syn: siqpiämik-.
See: siqunàiq-.
qiku n. clay.
qiku akutlugu n. pottery. Lit: 'mixing the clay'.
qila n. shaman's power: familiar spirit, conjuring
spirit. Variant: qiáa.
qilallautaq n. Holy Spirit.
qilamik adv. quickly; immediately; hurriedly.
qilamipiaàataq- vi. to happen suddenly.
qilamiqsruq- vi. to hurry, to rush, to hasten, towork quickly. Syn: aàyuuq-; iàñiqsruq-;
iáuäuqsruq-; uivriqi-; upaluq-.

qiáa
qilamit- vt. to catch something with a bola.
qilamitaq n. Eskimo game.
qilamitautit n. bola: a rope with weights attached,
used to catch birds.

qilaun n. drum used in Iñupiaq dancing. Variant:qiáaun.

qilàuq n. scar.
qillan n. divining rod of shaman, conjuring rod ofshaman. Syn: qiáagautaq.

qillun n. ligament under tongue.
qilluvik n. tent post; a post to tie something to. See:ayak; ayagutaq; ayapiàvik.

qilu n. 1) tent rope (from its side tothe ground). Syn:
qilutaq. 2) muscle cramp.

qilu- vi. to have a muscle cramp. Putu qiluruq. Putu
has a muscle cramp.

qilu- vt. 1) to attach ropes to a tent. Syn: nuqaq-.

2) to pull something up. 3) to draw a bow. Syn:nuqimik-; nuqit-.
qiluiññaq n. bow without braided sinew, used to huntsmall game; unwound bow; bow and arrow (K).
Syn: qaàrupiaq; pisiksiàaq.
qiluk- vi. to warp; to wrinkle (from heat). Syn:qikisit-.
qilukâuk- vi. to be wrinkled from heat. Syn: imuâuk-;iqsuäa-; ulluk-; ulluuq-.
qiluliqsuq- vi. to attach the ropes of a tent. Syn:qilu-; qiluuq-. See: nuqaq-.
qiluäa- vi. 1) to have slanted eyes; to be slanted.
2) to be slanted (in a direction other thanperpendicular or horizontal).
qiluäa (K) n. something tied.
qiluqaaqiuq n. "slant-eye person" (derogatory term).
qiluqipak- vi. to strain at harness.
qiluqipagaq- to keep straining at harness line.
qiluqqi- vi. to be taut (of a rope). Syn: nuqaq-. See:
qiluqqit-.
qiluqqiññiq n. sprain (a painful wrenching of theligaments of a joint). Variant: qiluqqiutaq.
qiluqqit- vt. 1) to stretch to the limit; to pull taut.
Syn: nuqit-; qiluuq-. See: iññiaq-; ivaq-;
pauksi-; tasiksruq-. 2) to sprain a ligament.
qiluqqiutaq n. sprain (a painful wrenching of theligaments of a joint). Variant: qiluqqiññiq ;qiluqqisaun.
qiluraàaq- vt. to convulse: to affect with irregularand involuntary muscular contractions.
qilutaq n. tent rope (from its side to the ground).
Syn: qilu.
qiluuq- vi. to stretch. Syn: qiluqqit-. Variant:qiluuqsi-.
qiluuq- vt. to tie ropes to a tent. Syn: qiluliqsuq-;
tasiqsruq-; tasit-.
qiáa n. shaman's power: familiar spirit, conjuring170

qiáaaqqimugvik

spirit. Variant: qila.

qiáaaq n. 1) knitted article, knitting. 2) hand-madefishing net.

qiáagakuaqtuaq n. palatal consonant (ch, sr, ã, y, á,ñ in Iñupiat alphabet).

qiáagaq n. the roof of the mouth.
qiáagautaq n. 1) ridge pole on a tent; a cross pole on

older style tent. 2) divining rod used by shaman
to foretell the fate of a sick person. Syn: qillan.
qiáaiq- vi. 1) to get a hole in the sole of one's boot.
2) to have sore feet (of dogs).
qiáak n. 1) sky; heaven. Nipi qiáaämiñ
nipliàñiqsuq. A voice spoke from heaven.
2) ceiling; roof. Aämaqâugu tupqum qiáaäa
atqaqtinniàaat aulatlaiáaaq. Opening the roofof the house, they lowered him the lame man.
3) palate of mouth. Variant: qiáagaq.
qiáak- vt. 1) to knit. 2) to coordinate twine into
meshes of equal size (when making a fish net).
qiáakäaqtaq- vi. to be heavenly, to be from heaven.
Syn: pakmaknaqtaq-.
qiáaktaq 1) n. garment or a blanket made of strips of
rabbit skin knitted together. See: saiktat. 2) any
knitted item. 3) hand-made net. 4) hand-wovensack of grass.
qiáaäak n. 1) horned puffin. Fratercula corniculata.
2) tufted puffin. Lunda cirrhata. 3) common
puffin. Fratercula arctica.
qiáaämiutaq n. lemming. Dicrostonyx rubicatus.
qiáaämiutauraq n. collared lemming.
qiáasri- vt. to roof a house. Syn: qaaliqsi-;
qanaksi-.
qiáaun n. 1) drum used in Iñupiaq dancing. Variant:qilaun. 2) knitting needle.
qiáaurraq- vi. to drum, to beat a drum.
qiáausiraqti n. drummer. Variant: qiáaurraqti.
qiáàich n. basket sled. Lit: 'tied ones (pieces of wood)'.
qiáàiq n. rough-legged hawk. Buteo lagopus.
qiáàit tatqiat n. hawks' month: April (K), March (C).
qiáàun n. 1) the upper lashing (sled). 2) scar.
qiáàutaiq- vt. 1) to untie. 2) to remove handcuffs.
qiáàutaiq- vi. to become untied. Variant: qiáiiq-.
qiáiàniq n. knot.
qiáiiq- vt. to untie, to loosen, to free from restraint.
Putum umiani qiáiiàaa. Putu untied his boat.
Syn: pituiq-; ataiq-.
qiáiq- vt. to tie. Syn: atasri-. Variant: qiáiqsi-.
qiáiqtat n. bundle of twenty-one to twenty-fivestrings of dried fish; bundle of five ducks tied
together; something lashed together (like 5 lbs
twine).
qiáiviqsruq- vt. to tie up securely. Syn:naqitaqsruq-; saääit-.
qiáuk n. bark (of a dog).

171

qiáuk- vi. to bark (of a dog). Qipmiqput

qiáuktaurauruq. Our dog is a watch dog("barker")qiâhuq- vt. to damage, to ruin. Nipillautamikuqanàitñapta qiâhuqtaàaàigaa piqatigiiãiq.
When we don't speak kind words, we always
ruin a relationship. Atikâuliruaq
qupavaaâakâugu qiâhuàaa. She made a clothparka and put too much trim and so ruined it.
See: piyaquâuk-; qitkutiksri-.
qimaaq n. fugitive; a run-away, escapee (out ofprison).
qimak- vi. 1) to escape. 2) to flee, to run away (fromdanger).
qimaktuaq n. fugitive. Lit: 'one who flees'.
qimatchi- vt. to leave part of load behind (whentraveling). Syn: aàlik-; unitchi-.
qimiàaaq n. 1) hill; a knoll: knolls at river bank,broken up by [dry] rivulets. 2) ridge: a longnarrow chain of hills or mountains. Syn:qiäaaq. Variant: qimiàaat.
qimiàáuk n. the spine of animals.
qimiksraq n. rope (unattached to an under-ice
fishnet). Syn: isauttaq. Variant: qimiq.
qimilàu- vt. to check on. Syn: takullak-;takuqataaq-.
qimilàuuq- vt. to investigate.
qimiq n. 1) net sinker line; a lead line. Syn: atliñiq.
See: kiviqqutaq; saatqun. 2) rope (attached toa fishnet for securing a net under the ice).
Sikumatarriàñiaqtuni takiruaq qimiq
nakuuruq. A long rope is ideal for setting a net
under the ice. Syn: amuktuun; isautaq.
qimisaak- vi. to wheeze, to make a whistling sound(of person). Putum aniàniäa sakuliàñiqsuq.
Putu's breathing is labored.
qimisaq n. one that was strangled; one that washanged. Iliäitñun niàitquäitkivut niqinik
qimisanik. We don't for them to eat strangled
food. Variant: qimisimaruaq.
qimit- vt. to strangle; to hang oneself.
Qimisimaruamik niàrutmik niàiñasi. Don't
eat meat of strangled animals. Putu
qimiññiqsuq ikpaksraq. Putu hung himself
yesterday.
qimmaksaliyait- vi. to be slow to anger.
qimmaksaq- vt. to frustrate someone, to cause cause
feelings of discouragement or bafflement.
Variant: qimmaksai-.
qimuagruk n. snowdrift blocking trail or in lee ofhigh building. Syn: aniuvak; apitchiq.
qimuagruk- vi. to be covered by a snow bank. Syn:apitchiq-.
qimugvik n. towline of dogsled. Syn: qitiàaàun. See:

qimugviutaq
qamuutaq.

qimugviutaq n. bridle. Variant: qimuutaq.
qimuk- vt. to tow (of dogs); to pull with a towline (ofdogs). See: qamuk-.

qimukti n. reindeer, ox, dog (animal trained to pull aload). Syn: unirraun.

qimuutaq n. sled hitch; a bridle. Variant:qimugviutaq.

qinaala- vi. to moan, to groan (in pain). Syn: imäala-;
imäiiq-. Variant: qiniqqaluk-.

qinaalauraq- vi. to whimper in pain. Syn:
imäaluk-; qumaäai-.

qinarri- vi. to hurt one's shinbone. Syn: qiäarraaq-.
qinàuti- vi. to be angry with each other (reciprocal).
qiniànaq n. anger, bitterness. Syn: taluànaq.
qiniàun n. indignation.
qiniq- vi. 1) to be angry. Syn: qinnak-. 2) act angrily,
to fight.

qiniqaun n. 1) wrath, forceful anger. 2) wrath: divine
retribution.

qiniqqaluk- vi. to moan, to groan (in pain). Variant:qinaala-.

qinit- vt. to hang oneself.
qinnak- vi. to get mad; to become angry. Syn: qiniq-,
uumisuk-; uumitchak-.

qinnauti- vi. to be angry about something.
qinu n. broken chunks of slush ice in fall that clings
to the shore. Syn: mittu; muàalliq.

qinu- vi. to form slush ice at freeze-up in fall.
qinuaq- vi. to develop thin ice (first ice in fall). Syn:sikuaq-.

qiñaa- vt. to search. Syn: ivaq-; nasriqsruq-;
pakak-; qiñiàniaq-; umiq-.

qiñaàluk n. porcupine. Syn: iáuqutaq.
qiñiàaaq n. picture, photograph. Syn: agliutraq.
qiñiàaq- vi. to look through binoculars. Variant:qiñiàautitaq-.

qiñiàautik n. binoculars.
qiñiànait- vi. to be invisible.
qiñiànaq vi. to be visible. Syn: nuisa-.
qiñiànaàugaaq- to be still visible.
qiñiàniaàugaaq- vi. to stare; to gaze; to look into
empty space. Syn: qiñiqsaàataq-. See:iriàruiñaq-; qiñiqpak-; qiññaàluk-.
qiñiàniaq- vt. to seek, to search. See: ivaq-;
nasriqsruq-; pakak-; qiñaa-; umiq-.
qiñiàruaq- vi. to glare, to stare sternly. Syn:qiññaàluk-.
qiñiàviksrait- vi. to be self-conscious, to be ill atease, to have no peace to look at the otherperson.
qiñikkiq- vt. to demonstrate so that another person
can visualize something, to cause someone to"see". Sumik qiñikkiàayaqpisigut

qiñiquuraaqquviqnaqtuamik saääipkun uvagut
qiñiàlugu ukpiqsritáasriáuta ilipnik? Whatpowerful miracle would you demonstrate for us
so that we, seeing it, can believe you? Syn:urriqsuq-.
qiñikkiqsuun n. sign, indication (act by which toshow something). Agaayyutim
savaaàipkaàaa atlayuaànaqhutiä
qiñikkiqsuutinik. God let him do wonderful
signs. Syn: iáitchuqqun.
qiñikkiutauruaq n. vision, something special one
has "seen". Isumaksraqtuaqsiñiqsuq
qanuutautilaaäanik qiñikkiutauruam
iämiñun. He was perplexed as to what themeaning was of what had been shown to him.
Syn: qiñikkiqsuun; qiñiquuraaq. See:tautuktuuraaq-.
qiñiágu- vi. 1) to discern, to be able to "see". 2) tohave good vision. Syn: takpik-.
qiñimmaaàiksaaq- vt. to examine, to make sure ofwhat is seen. Syn: qanuqitilaaq-;
qaunaksruq-.
qiñiq- vt. to see, to look at. Qiñiqsigik tiämiurat
siáami. Look at the birds in the sky.
Qiñàutiluàniàikma. I am glad you came to see
me. Syn: qiñiqtuaq-.
qiñiqpak- vi. to stare, to gaze. Syn: iriàruiñaq-;qiñiqsaàataq-. See: qiñiàniaàugaaq-;
qiññaàluk-.
qiñiqsaàataq- vt. to stare. Syn: iriàruiñaq-;qiñiqpak-. See: qiñiàniaàugaaq-;
qiññaàluk-.
qiñiqsiq n. tonsil, small oral mass of lymphoid tissue(of uncertain function, but believed to help
protect the body from respiratory infections).
See: qakiàluk-. Variant: kiñiqsiq.
qiñiqsitaaq n. movie.
qiñiqsitaaq- vt. to watch a movie.
qiñiqtuaq n. 1) picture book. 2) slides (photos);
movie, motion picture.
qiñiqtuaq- vt. to watch a movie, to watch slides, tolook at a picture book. Syn: qiñiq-.
qiñiqu- vt. to flaunt, to exhibit ostentatiously. Syn:sukasraànaivik-; suvaluvaaâak-;tusrusraaq-.
qiñiqusaaq- vi. to crave attention, to try to get
attention, to try to be seen. Qiñiqusaaàaqtusi
aquppiutaàiksaanun aquvitlusi. You love to
be seen seated on the good seats.
Qiñiqusaatlaturut agaayuuraaqamiä. Theylove to show off (for pretense) when they pray.
qiñiquuraaq n. vision. Qiñiàitka tuttuqpaich
qiñiquuraamni. I saw horses in my vision.
qiñiquuraaq- vt. to foresee, to have a vision.

172

qiñitlaiq-

qipquluk-

David-äum qiñiquuraaàiniàaa. [King] David
foresaw it. Agaayyutim qiñiquuraaqtitlugu
tuqâuàniàaa. God called him in a vision. Syn:urguaq-.
qiñiquuraaliq- to see, have visions.
Nutaaàikkasi qiñiqquuraaliàutiä. Your
young men will have visions.
qiñitlaiq- vi. to lose one's sight; to become blind.
qiñitlait- vi. to be blind; to be unable to see.
qiñiyunaq- vi. to be pretty; to be pleasing to the eye.
qiñiyunaqusriq n. adornment, embellishment.
qiñiyunaqusriqsuq- vi. to adorn, to embellish, tobeautify. Syn: nakuqsaq-.
qiññaàik- vi. to look nice, to be pleasant to the eye.
Syn: iññaàik-.
qiññaàluk- vi. to stare sternly; to glare. Syn:iriàruiñaq-; qiñiqsaàataq-. See:qiñiàniaàugaaq-; qiñiqpak-.
qiññalik- vi. to resemble; to look like.
qiññaq n. look, appearance.
qiññaq- vi. 1) to lose one's appetite. 2) to be choosy
about food (desiring to eat another food), to befastidious.
qiññauàruaq n. strong wind before a rain. Variant:qiññauq.
qiññuaq- vt. 1) to request someone's sympathy,
goodwill or mercy. 2) to appeal to someone's
sense of justice. 3) to request the presence ofsomeone.
qiññuaqtuq- vt. to beckon: to signal or summon, byusing one's index finger.
qiñu- vi. 1) to search and call for its young (of animal).
2) to cry fitfully (of a baby).
qiñuiàutikkauâiq n. reconciliation.
qiñuiàutipkaq- vt. to reconcile, to cause to become
peaceful about ... Syn: nalaunäapkai-.
qiñuiàutriãiq n. reconciliation; peace agreement.
Syn: qiñuiññaq.
qiñuiññanik- vi. to become peaceful; to gain peace.
qiñuiññaq n. peace. Lit: 'something that caused [thesituation] to become calm (physically,
emotionally)'. Syn: aäuyautairrun;
qiñuigutriãiq.
qiñuiq- vi. to calm down (of a person); to become
peaceful (of a person).
qiñuiqsitchi- vi. to be without anguish.
qiñuirruti- vi. to be peaceful, to be in accord (withothers).
qiñuisaaànaq- vi. to be peaceable, to be peaceful.
qiñuisaaq- vi. to be calm, to be peaceful, to bewithout anguish.
qiñuisaaq- vt. to pacify.
qiñuit- vi. to be at peace; to be serene; to be meek bynature. Syn: aäuyautait-; siaksruit-. See:173

atchik-.

qiñunaq- vi. to be spoiled (and thus cry fitfully; of ababy).

qiäaaq 1) n. shinbone. Syn: kanagaq; kanaaq.

2) flat ridge in mountains; plateau. See:qimiàaaq.
qiäalik n. king eider duck. Somateria spectabilis.
qiäaââuak- vi. to show displeasure by sullenness, tosulk.
qiäaq n. 1) the nose. 2) house ventilator.
qiäarraaq- vi. to bruise one's shin. Syn: qinarri-.
See: tigluuraq-.
qiääaànaq- vi. to be glaring (of light); to be toobright (of light).
qiääak n. 1) both nostrils. 2) blowhole of a whale.
Syn: supuqtaàvik.
qipaluaq n. steep undercut riverbank. Syn: ikpik.
qipaluaqtitaq- vt. to undercut a bank (of water).
Syn: ikpiktitaq-.
qipi- vi. 1) to turn; to twist; to wind. 2) to wander; towalk around; to go many places.
qipinàuutaq n. part of a dog team hitch (turns tokeep rope from tangling).
qipiäa- vi. to be twisted.
qipisruu- vi. to twist easily.
qipitaq n. bundle; something bound.
qipitit- vt. to twist out of shape (caused by heat).
qipliq- vt. to burst on a hard edge (twine).
qipáiq n. one link of a chain.
qipmiaàruk n. puppy. Syn: qipmiuraq. Variant:qimmiaàruk.
qipmiaàrulik n. female dog with her (newborn)
puppies. Syn: qipmiuralik.
qipmiái- vt. to breed dogs for a team; to make a dog
team.
qipmiq n. dog.
qipmiqãiqi- vi. to handle dogs, to work with dogs.
Variant: qipmiàiiáiuq-.
qipmiqãuk- vi. to have trouble with one's dogs (e.g.
the dog's health).
qipmiqsuq- vt. to kill a dog.
qipmiuralik n. female dog with her (newborn)
puppies. Syn: qipmiaàrulik.
qipmiuraq n. 1) puppy; a herd dog trained to help in
reindeer herding. Syn: qipmiaàruk. 2) nipple ofa breast. Syn: miluk; mulu. 3) catkin of willow(dense, cylindrical, often drooping cluster ofunisexual, apetalous flower).
qipmiurat n. tundra cotton. Lit: 'little dogs'.
qippun n. 1) winding key for a clock. 2) screw
driver.
qipputilik n. screw.
qipputit n. thread (on screw or pipe).
qipquluk- vi. to mumble, especially when feelingqipraq
mad about someone. Syn: aqapiáuk-;imäaluk-; nipaiáuksi-; niplia-; tusaqâiàaq-;uqapiáuk-.
qipraq n. string or rope (made by twisting twine orsinew). See: amiun; piáàaalik; qupsik.
Variant: qiprauraq.
qiprauraq n. twine twisted. Syn: qipraq.
qipri- vt. to make a string or thread by twisting sinew
or twine. Syn: ivaluksri-.
qipsagaala- vi. 1) to shiver, to fragment. See:siqummaq-. 2) to splash (of spilled liquid).
qipsak- vi. to bounce, to hop, to fly off. Syn:mitiglaaq-; piksak-.
qipsaktiq- vi. to jolt: to proceed in bumpy, jerky
fashion; to fly off.
qipsaktit- vt. cause to bounce away; to cause to fly
off.
qipsalik- vi. to sprinkle; to splatter. Syn: siqigaula-.
qipsi- vi. 1) to be startled awake while dozing off, tobe unable to return to sleep. 2) to become wideawake from sleep.
qiptaiq- vi. to become awake. Qiptaiñàitchupsi
aggiqigisigipsi. If you do not awake I will
come to you.
qiptait- vi. to be alert.
qipuak- vi. to be scratched by an inanimate object; toget a scratch mark. Syn: qipuktuq-. See:kumik-; qitchuk-.
qipualaruaq n. flames of a hot fire, explosion.
qipuaäniq n. scratch (made by an inanimate object).
Syn: qitchuäniq; titiàniq.
qipuktuq- vt. to scrape or scratch with an object, tomar.
qipuktuq- vi. to receive scratch marks from an
object, to get marred. See: qipuak-.
qiputaq n. 1) Eskimo game similar to horseshoes,
played with a hard sticks (the stick is throwntowards a stake in the ground and the person
whose stick is closest to the stake wins). 2) the
qiputaq (hard stick for the game by the samename).
qiputaq- vi. to play the game qiputaq.
qiputchaq- vi. to throw the qiputaq in the game withthe same name.
qiputit- vi. to burst into flames (caused by excess
flammable items). Syn: ikaula-. [Gram: v-v]
qipyaq n. a bolt, a threaded fastener.
qiqisia- vi. to feel very cold; to feel the chill.
Iñuuniurallautaàitchi qiqisiasuäaqasi. Go
ahead, live well and don't get cold! Variant:qiqisria-.
qiqisiit- vi. to be toughened (not feeling cold when
wearing a thin jacket). Variant: qiqisriit-.
qiqit- vt. to freeze something, to preserve foods byqisiiqsubjecting them to freezing temperatures.

qiqitchiq- vt. to freeze something, to preserve foodsby subjecting them to freezing temperatures.

qiqitchiuvik n. underground cache; freezer. Syn:saiyut; siàáuaq. See: ikiààat; qakutit;
uäaluurat.
qiqitiq- vi. to become frostbitten in the face. Syn:iáàuq-.
qiqitiqtit n. frostbite (injury or destruction of skinand underlying tissue). See: qiqitiqtuàniq.
qiqitiqtuàniq n. healed injury from frostbite (onbody). Syn: iáàuàniq.
qiqsraq vi. frozen item. Variant: qiqumaraq.
qiqsrau- vi. to be frozen. Qaluk qiqsrauruq. The
fish is frozen.
qiqsriuvik n. freezer.
qiqsruqqaq n. glazed snow (at thawing in spring).
qiquayak- vi. to be partly frozen again (afterthawing during the day), to freeze again (afterthawing in the day).
qiquma- vi. to be frozen (of part of the body).
qira- vi. to cry. Variant: qia-.
qirgiataq- vi. 1) to feel joyful. 2) to bound with joy;
to bounce because of joy. Variant: quaqtala-.
qiràiaq- vi. to be gray.
qiràiaqtaaq n. grayness; something gray.
qiràiái- vi. to be graying (of a person's hair); to growgray hair.
qiràiq n. gray hair. Variant: qirài.
qirran n. 1) mourning song; a lament; a dirge. 2) the
reason for crying.
qirri n. person who chops wood; person who gathers
wood.
qirri- vi. to make qiaq.
qirriat n. chopped wood.
qirriqi- vt. to chop wood. Putu qirriqiruq. Putu is
cutting wood. Syn: qiruliqi-.
qirriqiri n. 1) carpenter; a woodworker. 2) one who
deals with wood; one who sells wood by cords.
qirriuq- vt. to make kindling (for a stove). Syn:ikuàutiksriuq-; sakiàmik-.
qirrupiaq n. dry wood, firewood.
qiruk n. wood. Syn: unaqsiq.
qiruksi- vt. to carry or bring fire wood inside.
qiruliqi- vt. to chop wood, to cut wood. Putu
qirriqiruq. Put is cutting wood. Syn: qirriqi-.
qirulliq n. dry wood; dry willow branches.
qisaàuaq n. first stomach of caribou. Variant:qisraàuaq.
qisiiq- vt. to scrape a skin (to clear it of fiber andpieces of meat). Syn: amiiàruk-; aäula-;
ikuk-; kiáigaq-; kiááiuqtaq-; mamiiq-;
mitquiq-; sakipsi-; uqsruiyaq-.
qisiiq- vi. to be hairless (of an animal skin).

174

qisiiqsi-

qiviq-

qisiiqsi- vt. to scrape skin a little. Syn: mamiiqsi-;

sakipsi-.
qisik n. leather, tanned hide of an animal skin withhair removed. See: qitummaaq.
qisiqsiun n. branch of needle trees; a tree branch.
qisivak n. cooked rawhide (eaten by starving
people).
qisivviuq- vi. to cook rawhide (to eat whenstarving).
qisuk n. dark cloud over the ice (indicating open
water).
qisuk- vt. to grab, to grasp suddenly. Syn: akkiqsiq-;
aqsak-; tigguq-. Variant: qisruk-.
qisraàuaq n. first stomach of caribou. Variant:qisaàuaq.
qitchiuâiq n. Wednesday.
qitchuk- vt. scratch with one's fingernails, leaving amark. Syn: kumik-. See: qipuak-.
qitchuäniq n. scratch mark. Syn: qipuaäniq;titiàniq.
qitiàaàun n. tug line (sled); a towline of dogsled.
Syn: qimugvik. See: qamuutaq. Variant:qitiàun; qitiàaaàun.
qitiàaq n. the inside of backbone, the spinal cord.
qitiàusiq- vi. to eat lunch. Kuugauratkut
qitiàusianikpata, Miiyuum tikiññiàaa. After
Kuugauraq and his family ate lunch, Miiyukcame to them.
qitiàutaq n. lunch. Syn: qitiàusialiñiaq.
qitik- vi. to play games.
qitiktuaq- vi. to play around. Variant:qitiktuaàuraq-.
qitiq n. the waist; the middle. Syn: tapsiñiq.
qitiqâiàmik n. the middle finger.
qitiqâiàun n. ring (for finger). Variant: qitiqâiaàun.
qitiqâiq n. the middle one.
qitiqpaq- (C) vi. to be at the middle (as the sun atnoon, car in mid-road, etc.); to to be halfway; tobe noon. Syn: qitiquq-.
qitiquq- vi. to be at the middle (as the sun at noon, carin mid-road, etc.); to to be halfway; to be noon.
Syn: qitiqpaq-.
qitiquutaksraq n. lunch food. Syn: aiáiáàutaq.
qitiquutaq n. lunch; noon. Variant: qitiàutaq.
qitiquutchiàvik n. lunch time. Syn: aiáiãiq.
qitiquutchiq- vt. to eat lunch. Syn: aiái-; qitiàusiq-.
qitkutiksri- vt. 1) to play maliciously. 2) to damage
someone's property; to vandalize. See:piyaquâuk-; qiâhuq-.
qitñaànaq- vi. to be too bright; to be glaring. Syn:qaummaàik-.
qitñaq- vi. to be blinded by light; to be unadjusted tothe brightness. Variant: qikäaq-.
qitñuq n. permafrost.

175

qituk- vi. to be soft (of hide).
qitummaaq n. tanned hide. Syn: iàviaq. See: qisik.
Variant: qitummaaksraq; qitummaktaq.

qitummai- vt. to tan animal skin. Syn: itchuk-.
Variant: qitummak-.

qitummairi n. tanner; one who tans animal hides.

Peter tukkuqaqtuq Simon-mik
qitummairimik. Peter had housing with Simon
the tanner.
qitummak- vt. to tan animal skin. Variant:
qitummai-.
qitummaksi- vt. to soften a skin; to tan a skin.
Variant: qitummak-.
qitummaktaq n. leather; soft tanned animal skin.
Syn: iàviaq; isiqsiaq. See: turvik.
qitunàaàiit n. family (children as a unit). Variant:qituàaàiich.
qitunàaq n. child; descendant. Qitunàatkalu
uvaäalu nallaaniktugut. My children and I
have already gone to bed. Syn: illiliàaaq;iáaalugruaq; iáiágaaq; miqâiqtuq.
qitunàaqatigiich n. parents related through married
children.
qitunàauraq n. baby. Lit: 'small child'.
qitut- vi. to be soft, to be tender, to be pliable (as awell-tanned skin, hide).
qiu- vi. to freeze to death; to freeze (of living things).
Variant: qiuri-.
qiuââuaq n. part of excrement hanging from rectum.
qiunäu- vi. to feel chilly or cold, to shiver whencoming down with cold. Variant: qiuya- (C).
qiunäuliq- vi. to become chilled (of body), to havethe chills.
qiunäunaq- vi. to be chilly (of weather); to be coldor chilly (of a place).
qiunäusraaàaq- vi. to feel sudden chills (as froman illness).
qiuri- vt. to freeze something; to cause to freeze (ofliving being). Variant: qiu-.
qiuyanaq- vi. to be cold (of a place).
qivi n. Iñupiaq dish, in which the fat from caribou,
moose or reindeer is creamed without theaddition of shredded, cooked fish, but withberries, fruit, seal oil and other ingredients
common to akutuq.
qiviaq- vi. to turn one's head; to look toward
someone. Syn: alaq-; kiäiaq-.
qiviäa- vi. 1) to stand or sit with one's head bent
back (in order to look up). Variant: qiviq-. 2) tohang one's head back (as when head hangs lower
than body over edge of bed). Syn: siki-.
qiviäaaq- vi. to stand erect, to stand proudly. Syn:pigi-.
qiviq- vi. 1) to lean, to bend back; to arch one's back.

qiviqitSyn: niviq-; qaqaq-; tunäauraaq-. Variant:qiviäa-. 2) to stiffen from a muscle spasm.
qiviqit- vi. to turn quickly, looking in different
directions. Syn: alaq-.
qivit- vi. to go off in a huff; to leave indignantly; to act
indignantly. Syn: aullau-.
qiviu n. down (of waterfowl); wool (of muskox).
Variant: qiviuq.
qivlaaq- vi. to glitter.
qivliaraq- vi. to reflect (light), glow, glare. See:utiàrakkaq-.
qivliq- vi. to be shiny, to glisten. Atnuàaaäi
qivliqisirauraàniqsut. His clothes becamevery shiny (glistening).
qivliqsaq- vt. to polish, to shine. Variant:qivliqsai-.
qivliqsaqtaq n. shininess of surface, shiny finish.
qivliqtaq n. 1) silk; shiny material. 2) galvanized
metal.
qivliqtaq- vi. to be shiny, to be smooth.
qivliquula- vi. to sparkle.
qivri- vt. to cause someone to leave indignantly, tolet someone go away offended.
quagrugauraq n. small ridge (of the land). Syn:quagruk.
quagruiáaq n. 1) round needle. 2) round file; a filewith no edge.
quagruk n. ridge, angular edge of something. Syn:quagrugauraq.
quagrulik n. 1) skin-sewing needle. 2) threecornered file. 3) five-gallon metal can(kerosene). Syn: ikuaraq; qattautchikkaq.
quaàaq n. 1) sour dock; sorrel; wild spinach. Rumex
arcticus. Syn: quäulliq. 2) edible willow leaf.
quaq n. raw frozen food. See: qurriuq-.
quaq- vi. to eat frozen food (e.g. fish or meat).
quaqsaaàautit n. electricity; batteries. Variant:quaqsaaàun.
quaqsaaàun n. battery. Variant: quaqsaaàautit.
quaqsaaq- vi. 1) to get a shock from electricity or
emotionally. 2) to have an orgasm.
quaqsaaqtit- vt. 1) to shock someone: to disturb
emotionally, to offend with disgust. Syn:mamiagi-. 2) to cause someone to have anorgasm.
quaqta n. pinworm.
quaqta- vi. to have pinworms; to have a rectal itch.
quasiraq n. smooth ice on lake or pond. Variant:quasriraq.
quasriraq- vi. to skate, to slide along swiftly on aslippery surface. Variant: quasiraq- (C).
quayaqit- vi. to slip and fall. Syn: qayuiããak-.
Variant: quiyaqit-.
qugi- vi. to urinate. Variant: qui-.

quiññakqugluala- vi. to have spasms while asleep (usually ofa sick person).

qugluk- vi. to wince when startled; to jolt from a bad
dream. Syn: kigiñaàiiái-; tupak-; uluàiaq-.

qugluk- vt. to fold up. Syn: imu-.
qugluksaq- vi. to startle and jump when surprised.
Syn: tupak-.

qugluäniq n. 1) hem, crease. 2) fold-line (material,
paper), crease. Syn: imuniq.

qugluäniq- vt. to pleat, to crease, to fold over.
qugruk n. whistling swan. Olor columbianus.
quààivik n. penis; urethra. Syn: usuk; usruk.
quààuti- vi. to smash: strike or collide suddenly,

noisily, and violently (e.g. hand in doorway,boat in narrow passage, etc).
quààuti- vt. to block someone's path, to impedepassage, to close in on something.
quàliaq n. resin from birch tree (for glue); sprucegum; pitch.
quàliaq- vi. 1) to drool; to slobber. See: innuli-.
Variant: quàliula-. 2) to ooze (of pitch). Syn:maqi-; siiqsuq-. See: siiàñiq-.
quàliula- vi. 1) to ooze (of tree resin). 2) to drool.
Variant: quàliaq-.
quàluq- vi. to babble, to make a continuous low,murmuring sound, as flowing water. Syn:
maqsraluk-.
quàluqtaq n. waterfall. Syn: maqsraluk.
quàluula- vi. to drip extensively. Syn: quàmi-.
quàmaala- vi. to urinate small amounts at frequentintervals, to suffer incontinence. Syn: qugi-;qui-. Variant: quàmasraala-.
quàmaittuq- vi. to urinate accidentally (usually inpants). Syn: aäuuq-.
quàmi- vi. 1) to drip extensively. Syn: quàluula-.
2) to flow rapidly. Syn: sisula-.
quàriñiq n. urine stain in chamber pot. Syn:kipinniq.
quàvik n. chamber pot, toilet.
qui- n. to urinate. Syn: quàmaala- ; quqtaq-.
Variant: qugi-.
quiàusruk- vi. to feel like coughing (one's airways
irritated and cough cannot be repressed). Syn:
atqaqsaaq-; quqhiq-.
quiàutchak- vi. to have a coughing spasm. Syn:
atqaqsaaq-; quiàusruk-; quqhiq-.
quik n. bone next to a sitquq (hind flipper of a seal).
quiáiqta- 1) vi. to feel joyful. 2) to show joyous
anticipation by some motion; to tremble withhappiness.
quiñi- vi. to be fat. Syn: uqsruu-.
quiñisi- vi. to get fat, to gain weight. Syn: uqsrak-;uqumaiái-.
quiññak- vi. to become fat. See: uqsraqsaq-.

176

quiññaktu-

qulliqpiaq

quiññaktu- vi. to be ticklish.
quiññalaaq- vi. to feel one's spine tingling. Variant:quliaài- vt. to confess.
quliaq- vt. 1) to confess. 2) to report on another'squiq- vi. to cough. Syn: atqaqsaaq-; quiàusruk-.

quliaqtuaài- vt. to preach.
quliaqtuaàvik n. pulpit; place to preach.
quliaqtuaq n. true story.
quliaqtuaq- vt. to tell a story; to preach; to relatequiññalasraaq-.

Variant: quqhiq-.

quiqãuk n. drizzling rain.
quiqãuk- vi. 1) to have a slight cough. Syn:

atqaqsaaq-; quiàusruk-; quqhiq-. 2) todrizzle lightly.
quiyaànaqsi- vi. to become slippery.
quiyaqit- vi. to slip and fall. Syn: qayuiããak-,saiáài-. Variant: quayaqit-.
qukiàñaq- vi. to be too noisy (hurting the eardrum);to be too loud for ears.
qukinaq- vi. to be clean and orderly.
qukiñaun n. glory. Syn: kamanaun.
qukiq- vt. to hurt one's eardrums with a loud noise.
quktuàaq n. inside of upper thigh; femur bone.
Variant: quptuàaq.
qulaaàun n. fancy mukluk (fur trim on top). Syn:atikuluk; kamalaurak; qupaligaaq.
qulaakuq- vi. to get water over the top of one's
boots. See: qulaanik-; quli.
qulaanik- vi. to get wet inside one's boots (fromwater or snow that came in from the top). See:qulaakuq-.
qulaäiq- vi. 1) to stretch over something, to bend
over closely. Paul-aasiiñ atqaqhuni
qulaäiqsiqamiuä iqittaaàniàaa. When Paul
had gone down and bent over him closely, heembraced him. 2) to hover over; to fly above.
Syn: niviyaq-. See: quli.
qulaäiuti- vt. to overshadow. Uqaqtitlugu
qaumaruam nuviyam qulaäiutiniàai. Whilehe was talking, a bright cloud overshadowed
them. Maliàuaqtai iqsitchaäniqsut nuviya
qulaäiutipman. The disciples became afraid
because the cloud overshadowed them.
qulaut- vt. to overshoot a mark.
qulaut- vi. 1) to pass over; to fly over; to passoverhead. 2) to jump over an obstacle.
quli pos.base. area above.
qulaani located above.
qulaanun toward above. Qulaanun niaquan
iáiñiàaat pasikkun ilaagun. Above his head
they placed the accusation about him.
qulaagun above. Niaquan qulaagun
aglakâugich uqaâhich. Above his head words
written words.
quli n. 1) fancy boot or mukluk trim. Syn: atituàun;
ikutaq; qupak; sivuàun. 2) the top part. Syn:qaa; qalliq. 3) the top of a skin boat frame.
quli- vt. to top something, to attach a top to
something. Variant: quliàusriq-.

177

actions, to tattle, to inform. Syn: uqaqtu-.

one's experience. Syn: uqaaqtuaq-;
uqalugaaq-.
quliaqtuaqaâiq n. sermon; a preaching message.
quliaqtuaqti n. minister, preacher. Syn:agaayuliqsi; uqaqti.
quliàuaq n. set of shelves, place to put things. Syn:iááiviurat; makpiàaaqaàvik; qakirvik;
qallugauraqaàvik.
quliàun n. tarp (or plastic) used for shelter from rainor shade from sun. Syn: akivik; kalikuàruaq;
sigraaq. Variant: qulauniq.
quliàusriq- vt. to attach a top to something. Syn:qalliq-. Variant: quli-.
quliik n. upper back of a human body. Syn: aaàiak.
See: qulutchuk.
qulikipiaq n. two hundred.
quliku n. tithe.
quliku- vi. to tithe. Syn: quliääuàutaiq-.
quliligaq n. eight (at cards).
qulilik n. ten (at cards).
quliliuq- vi. to make fancy top, fancy trim (formukluk).
quliääuàun n. tithe. Syn: quliääuàutaiãiq;quliääuàutaiàun.
quliääuàutaat n. the tenth part, one of ten equalparts. See: quliääuàun.
quliääuàutaiáaq n. nine.
quliääuàutaiq- vt. to tithe. Syn: quliku-.
qulipaak n. fur strip (top trim on mukluks).
qulipsiutitaun n. tripod.
qulit n. ten.
qulit atausriq n. eleven. Variant: qulit atausiq(C).
qulit malàuk n. twelve.
qulit piñasrut n. thirteen. Variant: qulit piäasut
(C).
qulitun n. ten dollar value.
qulivraq- (C) vt. 1) to braid seal intestine aroundblubber. 2) to braid a harness string for mittens.
See: tulimamiktaq-. 3) to splice rope. Variant:qulivrai-.
qullimàaq n. upper tooth.
qulliq n. 1) leader, military officer. 2) the topmost
one, the uppermost. Syn: qalliqpiaq. See:qatqit-.
qulliqpiaq n. absolute top. Syn: qalliqpiaq.
Variant: qullipiaq.

qulliurauruaq
qulliurauruaq n. leading person (leader), important

person. See: atuumanapiaqtuaq;
piitchuiññiqsrapiaqtuaq; piñaqtuaq.
qulliutlatu- vi. to want to be the leader, to enjoy
being the leader.
quluquluu- vi. to rumble (of one's stomach).
qulutchuk n. back part (of birds). See: quliik.
Variant: qulusuk.
quluula- n. to growl (of hunger pains).
qulvani pos.adv. located above.
kiluani located little higher.
qulvaq- vi. to move into the room away from thedoor. Syn: kiluvaq-. See: quli.
qulvaukkatchiaq- vi. to walk in a bouncy manner.
See: quli.
qulvi n. tear; watering of eyes.
qulvi- vi. to weep, to shed tears; to water (of theeyes).
qulviáiuànaq- vi. to water (of the eyes, caused bywind or cold). Variant: qulviáiula-.
qumaäa- vi. to be stooped from age. Syn:auàaäasi-; imuäasri-; napiäa-; napuäasri-;punäa-.
qumaäai- vi. to make whimpering noises when
having nightmares. Syn: imäaluk-;qinaalauraq-.
qumaq- vi. to stoop, to stand bent forward; to crouch.
Syn: iksrik-; imuäasri-; kutraq-; palluq-;
pusiäa-. See: qumataq-; tuttuuraq-.
qumataq- vi. to crouch (of a dog). See: palluq-;
qumaq-.
qumik- vt. to put one's arms or an item inside one's
parka. Syn: aiq-; asiq-. See: quäaluktuaq-.
qunmuk- vi. 1) to reappear further up a slope (ofgame animals). 2) to ascend, to go up higher.
Isiq ikualaruamiñ nunaaqqimiñ
qunmuktuq. Smoke goes up from the burningcity.
qunmuktuq- to ascend steadily, to steadily gohigher.
qunmukpuuq pos.adv. upward (motion: in a wave).
See: atmukpuuq; mayuuàauraaq-.
qunmun pos.adv. upward. See: atmun.
qunnu- vi. to coo, to talk fondly (about babies).
Variant: qunu-.
qunnuaq- vi. to give up (when playing a game).
qunäiáiqiri n. reindeer herder. Variant:qunäiáaaqhaq.
qunäiq n. reindeer. Rangifer tarandus.
qunäuq n. brightness on horizon (indicating presenceof ice on ocean).
qunu- vi. 1) to coo, to talk fondly to. Syn: nuniaq-.
2) to lament, to wail; to express sorrow or
grieve. See: magu-.

qupitchuäaq
quäaluk- vi. to curl up (of a dog).
quäaluktuaq- vi. to sit down (relaxing with arms
inside parka). See: qumik-.

quäiaq n. caribou neck skin.
quäuài- vt. to avoid; to shun; to eschew; to regard

one in a negative manner because of fear ofcontamination from something communicable,
therefore avoiding any direct contact withhim/her/it. Syn: igáiq-; naäaq-; pasigi- ;. See:agliài-; pasiñaq-; quäuqsraq-.
quäuànaq- vi. to be contagious (diseased). Syn:tigupqutnaq-.
quäulliq n. wild rhubarb; sour dock; mountainsorrel. Oxyria digyna. Syn: quaàaq.
quäuq n. 1) contagious person, someone regarded ashaving a communicable disease. 2) inedible
food. Syn: alàaaniqsaq. See: niààiq.
3) "tagger" in a game of ball tag.
quäuqsraq- vt. to avoid others (because of sickness
or superstition). Syn: agliài-; pasiñaq-. See:igáiq-; naäaq-; pasigi-; quäuài-.
quäusiàun n. neckband; dog collar.
quäusiàusiq- vi. to put a collar on.
quäusiñiq n. 1) neck of animal. 2) bottom back ofparka hood.
quäusiq n. neck (of humans).
quäuuàaq- vi. to play ball tag (originally the one "it"'quäuq-').
qupak n. fancy trim; trim. Syn: atituàun; ikutaq;
quli; sivuàun.
qupak- vi. to make trim (for parka, etc.).
qupaligaaq n. parka or mukluks with fancy trim. Syn:atqaàutilik; atituàutilik; kayuaàutilik;
qulaaàun. See: atituàun.
qupaâuk n. American water pipit. Anthus spinoletta.
qupi n. half-dollar (50 cents). See: qupitchuäaq.
qupi- vi. to split; to crack lengthwise, with the grain.
See: iqãaaq-; nuki-; quqhaq-.
qupiàaaq n. coat, jacket, outside garment. Putu
qupiàaaäitchuq. Putu is without a warm
jacket. Syn: qaapquaq.
qupilàu- vi. to become worm-infested.
qupilàuàruaq n. edible sea worm.
qupilàuksraq n. insect egg; maggots, larvae. See:kumak.
qupilàuq n. 1) crawling insect. 2) maggot, wormlike
larva (of flies). See: kumak.
qupiniq n. cleft in a rock; crack in wood, in dry skin,or ice. See: iqãaaq; quqhaq.
qupiq- vi. 1) to cut and open the belly of an animal.
2) to part one's hair.
qupiqutaq n. fireweed (edible young shoots).
Epilobium angustifolium.
qupitchuäaq n. quarter (25 cents). See: qupi.

178qupluq-quumiutaq-

qupluq- vi. to split something into many pieces

lengthwise. Variant: quplui-.
qupluun n. ripsaw; saw which cuts lengthwise.
quppaàuq- vi. 1) to increase in length (of a small
crack). 2) to be half (of the moon). Syn:avaàuuq-.
quppak n. 1) split; open crack, fissure. Syn: iqãaaq ;quqhaq. See: qupiniq. 2) piece of something
split lengthwise. Syn: aayuàaq.
qupsik n. 1) sinew (splits with difficulty). See:amiun; piáàaalik; qipraq; uliun;
kikmitquutaq. Variant: quvsik. 2) willow
thicket. Syn: tikiàaq.
qupsik- vi. 1) to be difficult to split (of sinews). See:quvsik-. 2) to be tightly woven (of fabric). Syn:upsik-; uvsik-. 3) to be dense, to be difficult topenetrate (of willows). Syn: nuviraq-.
qupsuk- vi. to squat: to sit in a crouching position
with knees bent and the hams resting on or near
the heels, to crouch. Syn: kiñi-; qusruaq-.
qupsuäauraq- to be squatting, with the knees
bent.
quptik n. small whitefish with pointed snout; wellrounded whitefish. Coregonus quadrilateralis.
Syn: aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalupiaq;
qalusraaq; qausriáuk; siraatchiaq; tipuk.
quptuàaq n. inside of upper thigh; femur bone.
Variant: quktuàaq.
qupumuak n. stripes.
qupumualik n. item with stripes.
qupumualik- vi. to be striped, to have stripes.
qupyugaànaq- vi. to turn into white-out conditions(of weather).
qupyugaàniq n. white-out condition (of weather).
Variant: qupyugaànaq.
quqhaq n. crack. Syn: iqãaaq; quppak. See:
qupiniq.
quqhaq- vi. to crack. Syn: iqãaaq-; nuki-. See:qupi-.
quqhiq n. cough.
quqhiq- vi. to cough. Putu quqhiãallaktuq
unnuaq. Putu coughed a lot last night. Syn:
atqaqsaaq-; quiàusruk-; quiq-.
quqhiqsaq- vi. to clear one's throat. Syn:
iggiaàiksaq-; imäiqsaq-.
quqquq- vi. to dent, to warp by denting.
quqtaàniq n. pee hole (caused by urinating insnow); a spot urinated on.
quqtaq n. urine.
quqtaq- vi. to urinate. Syn: qui-.
ququaq- vt. to call someone by name or kinshiprelation. Syn: tuqâuàiaq-. Variant: ququula-.
ququq- vi. to wish for.
ququula- vt. to call by name. Variant: ququaq-.

179

qurraquraq n. 1) semipalmated plover. Charadrius

semipalmatus. 2) killdeer. Charadrius vociferus.

qurri- vt. to cut up raw frozen meat or fish. See:quaq. Variant: qurriuq-.

qurriuq- vt. to cut up raw frozen meat or fish. See:quaq. Variant: qurri-.

qusrhaaq n. arctic fox. Alopex lagopus. Syn:kavviaq; kayuqtuq; qianàaq; qianàaqtuluk;
qiàñiqtaq. See: pisukkaaq.
qusrimmaq n. wild rhubarb. polygonum alaskanum.
Putu tugvairuq qusrimmanik ukiumun.
Putu stores away wild rhubarb for winter (food).
Variant: qusimmaq.
qusruaq- vi. to squat: to sit in a crouching position
with knees bent and the hams resting on or near
the heels; to crouch. Syn: kiñi-; qupsuk-.
qusruaqtuaq- to squat.
qusruääaaàruk n. heavy fur parka of winter caribou
skin. Variant: qusruääaq.
qusruääaq n. fur parka with fur on outside. Variant:qusruääaaàruk.
qutait- vi. 1) to be steep. 2) to drop off (of the ocean
floor).
qutchigiâiq n. pride (high thinking); haughtiness.
qutchigumaâiq n. aspiration. Syn: qutchiksiãiq.
qutchik- vi. be high; be in a high place.
qutchiksiãiq n. aspiration. Syn: qutchigumaâiq.
qutiàuq- vi. to walk to the same destination as others
who are traveling by boat. See: kaäiááit-;kinilit-.
qutlisit n. bleachers.
qutäuàauraaq- vi. to flash, to burst forth into[sometimes high] flames, to explode. Syn:ikniàuula-; iknitchuala-.
qutqaaq n. sled railing (a structure made of rails andupright members that is used as a guard or forsupport).
qutuk n. the collar bone (clavicle).
quu- vi. 1) to become constricted (of the voice box,
larynx) as during stage fright when one loses
his/her voice); to feel a lump in the throat (fromrepressing a desire to cry). 2) to close up (icehole for ice fishing; slough as water recedes).
quu- vt. to turn one's feet inward. See: quuäa-.
quumigaq- vi. to shinny, to climb by shinnying.
Variant: quumik-.
quumik- vi. to climb a pole or a rope by shinnying.
Variant: quumigaq-.
quumik- vt. to bring one's legs together tightly, tosqueeze one's legs tightly.
quumiraq- vt. to squeeze legs together (e.g. to keepfrom urinating, of children), to compress.
quumiutaq- vi. 1) to be knock-kneed. Syn:quupatchuäa-. 2) to hold between one's legs,

quunniàñaq
to maintain a grasp with one's legs.

quunniàñaq n. gnat: small, biting, two-winged fly;tiny mosquito-like insect. Syn:kirgaviatchauraq; milugiatchiaq.
quunniq n. 1) calm water. 2) still air, unmoving air.
quunniq- vi. 1) to be calm (of water). Variant:quunnitchiaq-. 2) to be still (of weather), to bewithout air movement. Syn: allaqtit-; qasuaq-;
suamait-.
quuäa- vi. to be pigeon-toed. See: quu-.
quupatchuäa- vi. to be knock-kneed, to be pigeontoed. Syn: kuuäa-; quumiutaq-.
quut- vt. 1) to constrict, to make narrower. Variant:quu-. 2) to close. Miiyuk, quutiqturaàuä!
Miiyuk, finish sewing and close it up!
quutaqsruànaq n. men's breeches.
quutchi- vt. to constrict, to make narrower. Variant:quut-.
quvia- vi. to be happy. Variant: quviasuk-.
quviagiâiq n. pleasure, joy received from activity or
experience.
quvianamiu- vi. to be blessed.
quvianamiuâiq n. blessedness.
quvianaq n. joy, happiness. Syn: quviasruâiq.
quvianaqaàniaâiq n. vainglory: boastful,
unwarranted pride in one's accomplishments or
qualities, vanity.
quviasuk- vi. to be happy. Putuu, quviasukkikma
aggiqavich. Putu, you make me happy when
you come. Syn: quviasullapiaq-. Variant:quviasruk-.
quviasullapiaq- vi. to glory, to rejoice triumphantly.
Syn: quviasuk-.
quviasuâiq (C) n. joy, happiness. Syn: quvianaq.
Variant: quviasruâiq.
quviasraaq- vt. to cheer up, to try to make happy.
Variant: quviasaaq- (C).
quviasruk- vi. to be happy, to be content. Variant:quviasuk- (C).
quviasruâiq n. joy, happiness. Syn: quvianaq.
Variant: quviasuâiq.
quviatchai- vt. to gladden, to let (s.o.) rejoice.
Putuu, quviatchaigikma aggiqavich. Putu,
you make me happy when you come.
quviatchak- vi. to rejoice, to become happy. Putum
panini quviatchaktinniàaa. Putu caused his
daughter to rejoice.
quviatchaksaaàaq- vi. to be exuberant, to be
ecstatic, to be full of joy. Syn: kaamasraaq-.
quviatchauàik- vi. to delight, to have great pleasureor joy. Syn: quviatchak-.
quviatchauàiâiq n. joyfulness.

quyyavik
quviàusruk- vi. to be surprised. Syn: aupiãaq-.
Variant: quviàusuk- (C).

quviàutchak- vi. to become surprised.
quviiq- vi. 1) to become unhappy. 2) to be in amelancholy state.

quviq- vt. to surprise, to catch someone off guard; todo or say something unexpectedly.

quviqnaqtuaq n. amazing thing, wonderful item.
See: atlayuaànaq-.

quviqti n. 1) cataract, white film over eye (opacitythat causes impairment of vision or blindness).
Syn: ulik. 2) unripe, green berries.
quvsik (C) n. sinew (splits with difficulty). Syn:iáiqsraq. Variant: qupsik.
quvsik- (C) vi. to split with difficulty. Variant:qupsik-.
quya- vt. to thank. Putuu, quyagikpiñ
ikayuqapäa. Putu, I thank you for your helping
me. Quyaruäa Putum ikayumaäa. I am
thankful that Putu helped me. See: iáiàasruk;
iáiàasuk-; quyyati-.
quyaiáaq n. grouch, ungrateful person who is never
happy or satisfied even when being helped. Syn:iáiàaiáaq.
quyali- vi. to please.
quyalinàit- vi. to be displeased, to be not pleased.
quyalisau- vi. to be pleasing (to somebody).
quyalitnik- vi. to please.
quyallak- vi. to give thanks, to give a testimony ofpraise. See: iáisimarau-.
quyanaq excl. thank you. Syn: taikku.
quyanaq- vi. to be worthy of thanks; to deserve
thanks.
quyanàit- vi. to be ungrateful, to be unthankful.
quyaqnaq- vi. to be acceptable. Variant:quyaànaq-.
quyatchak- vi. to become thankful, to become
thankful for something unexpected. Putu
tusaakamiuä taamna quyatchaäniqsuq.
When Putu heard that he was prompted to be
thankful.
quyyan n. praise; gift of thanks; a gift of gratitude(most common to give to those who have helped
during the loss of a loved one). Syn: nanàaun;nanàaiãiq. Variant: quyyagauraq.
quyyati- vt. to thank for, to bless (because ofsomeone). Agaayyun iluqapsigun
quyyatigiraàigikput. I always bless God
because of you all. See: quya-.
quyyavik n. thanksgiving.

180

raaq

sagluuqtuaq-

R - rraaq n. rice.

S - s
saa

n. 1) the front of a body or a garment. Putum
saaäa puyauruq. The front of Putu's shirt isdirty. 2) west side.
saa- vi. to be in front of a place (towards the water).
Syn: saamiutaq-; salliu-; sivu-.
saagaài- vt. to carry along.
saagaàvik n. container for carrying things: bag, box,
etc. Plastic saagaàvigiksuq. Plastic is good forcarrying.
saagaq- vt. to carry with one's hands or arms. Putum
saagaàniàaa suppun. Putu carried a gun.
saagaun n. carrying pole; yoke.
saagli- vi. to become thin (of fur, wood, ice, fabric,etc.). Upinàaksraami siku saaglisuruq. In
spring time the ice gets very thin. Variant:saakâi-.
saakkit- vt. to ask someone to deliver. Putum
Miiyuk saakkitchaa uqsrumik. Putu handed
Miiyuk seal oil to carry to someone. Syn:tigumirrit-.
saakâi- vi. 1) to become thin (of ice). Syn: maptukâi-;saagli-. 2) to become soft and pliable (of animalhide). 3) to become thin and worn out (of woodor fabric).
saalàuq n. thinner area (e.g. ice, belly area).
saalisaq n. apron. Miiyuk saalisaq iààuàniàaa.
Miiyuk has washed an apron.
saalisaq- vi. to don an apron. Miiyuk saalisaqtuq.
Miiyuk put on an apron.
saamaayiq n. small trout. Putu niksiksuqtuq
saamaayinun. Putu is hooking for small trouts.
Syn: qalukpik.
saamiutaq- vi. to be in front of house, to be in frontof a person. Syn: saa-; salliu-; sivu-.
saamiutaq- vt. to protect oneself (by hiding behindsomething). Syn: mannisaq-; mannisigi-;
uluàiaq-.
saanaaq- vi. 1) to wear inadequate clothing (inwinter), to wear too little clothing. 2) to be too
thin (of a layer). Miiyuk atigi saanaaàaa.
Miiyuk made the parka too thin.
saannanikkut n. wood chips; shavings used tokindle fire: kindling. Syn: ikuàutiksrat;
sakiàmiat; sakiàmakku; sannaq. See:

181

savikkaq; ichukkuq.

saaptaq- vi. to gamble; to bet with.
saasrhaq n. 1) saucer. 2) china dish (shatters easily).

Miiyuum saasrhaa piññaqnaqtuq. Miiyuk's
china is beautiful. Syn: qikãiq.
saat- vt. to turn toward; to face someone. Syn:kigiñiq-; sanmi-; saavit-.
saat- vi. to be thin.
saatkaaq n. shotgun.
saatqun n. sinker for a net. Saatqun kiviruq. The
net sinker sank. Syn: kiviqqutaq. See: atliñiq;
qimiq.
saatuquyak n. flat stone good for skipping on water
surface. Putu pakiqsuq saatuquyagiämik.
Putu is looking for a good skipping stone.
Variant: saatuviaq.
saatuuraq n. thin and flat item. Variant: saatuq.
saatuviaq n. flat stone good for skipping on water
surface. Syn: saatuquyak.
saavit- (C) vi. 1) to face people courageously: toperform, to speak publicly. Syn: kigiñiq-;sanmi-; saat-. 2) to face the sea courageously:
to go out hunting at sea. 3) to be brave, to bevaliant, to be courageous, to try one's luck or
skill at something.
saggaq n. 1) thin caribou skin. 2) caribou skin withnew hair. Variant: saggatchiaq.
saggatchiaq n. short haired skin, summer skin.
Variant: saggaq.
saglu- vi. to lie, to falsify, to prevaricate. Agaayyun
sagluyumiñaitchuq. God certainly does not lie.
Syn: piiáaaq-; itquqnait-; sagluuqtuaq-.
saglusruq- to be lying (progressive).
sagluqi- vt. to deceive, to belie. Kiñaunniiñ
sagluqinani iämiñik. Let no one deceive
himself. Putum sagluqiniàaa aikãiqsuqti.
Putu deceived the policeman. Syn: kini-;
ukpiqsaq.
sagluturuaq n. liar. Putum Qatuk iáitchuàiniàaa
sagluturuaq. Putu recognize Qatuk as a liar.
See: kiniri.
sagluuqtuaq- vt. to tell lies habitually, to lie morethan once. Iáaäitñik aäutinik itqutriñiqsut
sagluuqtuaqtuksranik ilaagun. Some of thesagluuraqmen brought up false witnesses against him.
Syn: mitaaq-; saglu-.
sagluuraq- vi. to joke by telling false stories; to tellfalse stories. Nukatpiaq sagluuraqtuq. The
boy is telling false stories. See: kinniqiuraaq-.
sagluviñaq- vi. to be incredulous toward.
sagviaq- vt. to reveal. Uqautigikkan iñuum
sagviaqtuäitkaa ilipnun. What you just said(no) man has revealed to you.
sagviq- vi. to appear; to become obvious; to become
plain. Sagviqsiqataqtuam iñuämiñ
taavruma qaayuànaqsiraàigaa iñuk. Whatso frequently comes out of a person that is it
what causes a person to become corrupt.
Isaàulgum sagviàñiqsuq Joseph-mun
siññaktukun. The angel appeared to Joseph ina dream. Variant: sagviuti-.
sagviq- vt. to uncover something hidden, to bring out
into the open; to reveal. Sagviàai siutiàutit
tuniaksrat. He brought out earrings for sale.
Atriqaqtuq iñuänik sagviqsruiruamik
suuraàmiñik tugvaqsiviämiñiñ. He is like theman who brings out his things from his storage
place. Syn: salapqiq-; satqummiq-. Variant:sagvii-.
saàaaq- vi. to break on the shore (ocean waves). Syn:
qaaq-. See: iäiulikpak; qaaqtaq.
saàliaq n. person sitting on someone's lap.
saàliaqsiq- vi. to sit on someone's lap. Miàaruuraq
saàliaqsiqsuq. The baby is sitting on someone'slap.
saàliaqsiq- vt. to hold baby on one's lap. Miiyuum
paniurani saàliaqsiàaa. Miiyuk is holding herbaby daughter on her lap.
saàliri- vt. to embrace, to put one's arms around a
person. Ilaan saàliriutikamigich iáiágaat
agaayyutiniàai. When he had put his arms
around the children, he prayed for them.
saàvaaàik- vi. to be swift, to have current.
Kuugauraq qammaniaäani saàvaaàiksuq.
The small river way upriver has swift flow.
saàvalik n. swiftness.
saàvam tiämiaq n. harlequin duck. Histrionicus
histrionicus.
saàvaniq n. grass (found floating on river, dried andused to insulate sod house).
saàvaq n. water current, current of water in river orocean.
saàvaq- vi. 1) to have a strong current (of river orocean current). 2) to float with the current.
Umiaq saàvaàaa. The boat is floating with thecurrent.
saigut n. cache on or under the ground. Syn:
qiqitchiuvik; siàáuaq. See: ikiààat. Variant:sakiàmiatsaiyut.

saiàuaq n. central stringer (sled), horizontal beam forsupport. Variant: saiàuat.

saiàut n. stockade (made of large willows). Syn:iñuksuk; iriàvik.

saiktat n. rabbit parka or blanket made by sewing

rabbit pelts together, instead of stripping andknitting them. Aànauraq atigiqaqtuq
saintanik. The girl has rabbit skin parka. See:qiáaktaq.
saiáài- vi. 1) to skid, to slip, to lose one's balance andfall or almost fall. Syn: qayuiããak-; quayaqit-.
2) to slide on a slippery surface; to run and slide;to glide. Nukatpiaq saiáàiruq sikumi. The
boy is sliding on the ice. Syn: sisu-.
saiñàiñaq n. regret, disappointment over one's follyor missed opportunity. Syn: saiñàisuun.
saiñàisuk- vt. to feel frustrated and regret missing an
opportunity. Putu saiñàsuktuq uniktitnami
Qikiqtaàruämi. Putu was frustrated when he
was left behind in Kotzebue. See: nunuuraq-.
saiñàisuun n. 1) expression of regret, e.g. "annaa!".
2) frustration; disappointment; a letdown.
saiñàitchak- vi. to become distressed, frustrated,
downhearted. Syn: sunaiyuàat-.
saiñik n. tea kettle. Imiq saiñiämi qalattuq. The
water in the kettle is boiling. Syn:uunnaqsiivik.
saiñiutaq n. 1) tripod. Putum saagaàaa saiñiutaäa
umiaàmiñun. Putu carried his tripod to his
boat.. 2) hook, used for hanging a teapot over anopen fire.
saiyu n. tea. Miiyuk saiyusriruq ikpaksraq. Miiyukbought tea yesterday.
saiyut n. cache on or under the ground. Syn:
qiqitchiuvik; siàáuaq. See: ikiààat; qakutit;
uäaluurat. Variant: saiyuurat ; saigut.
saiyutuàvik n. teapot. Saiyutuàvik naammaktuq.
The teapot is filled up.
saiyutuq- vi. to drink tea. Miiyuk saiyutuqtuq.
Miiyuk is drinking tea.
sakiak n. breast bone, sternum; brisket, front middle(of an animal). Suuliutuni sakiaknik
nakuuruq. Eating brisket soup is good. Syn:qauk.
sakiàaq n. brother or sister-in-law. Putum sakiàaäa
tutqiäñaqtuq. Putu sister-in-law is hospitable.
sakiài- vi. to feel incapable. Miiyuum sakiàigaa
killaiyaâiq. Miiyuk is conscious that she cannot
sew. Variant: sakiq-.
sakiàmakku n. wood shaving. Syn: ikuàutiksrat;
saannanikkut; sakiàmiat.
sakiàmiat n. wood chips; shavings used to kindle fire:kindling. Syn: ikuàutiksrat; saannanikkut;

182

sakiàmik-sakmanisakiàmakku; sannaq. See: savikkaq.

sakipkuänaktun like those two out there in thekindle a fire, to make kindling. Syn:ikuàutiksriuq-; qirriuq-.
sakimna dem.pron. that one out there in theentryway (Absolutive, sing.). See: sakipkuak,
sakipkua.
sakivruma that one out there invisible in theentryway (Relative, sing.). Variant: sakiptuma(C).
sakivrumani that one out there invisible in theentryway (locative). Variant: sakiptumani (C).
sakivrumuäa toward that one out there invisible
in the entryway (terminalis). Variant:sakiptumuäa (C).
sakivrumakäa from that one out there invisible
in the entryway (ablative). Variant:sakiptumakäa (C).
sakivrumuuna through that one out there
invisible in the entryway (vialis). Variant:sakiptumuuna (C).
sakivrumatun like that one out there invisible in
the entryway (similaris). Variant:sakiptumatun (C).
sakivrumiäa that one out there, with that one out
there invisible in the entryway (modalis).
Variant: sakiptumiäa (C).
sakipkua dem.pron. those out there in the entryway(not visible). See: sakimna, sakipkuak.
sakipkunani those out there in the entryway(locative).
sakipkunuäa toward those out there in theentryway (terminalis).
sakipkunakäa from those out there in theentryway (ablative). Variant: sakipkunaääa(C).
sakipkunuuna through those out there in theentryway (vialis).
sakipkunatun like those out there in theentryway (similaris).
sakipkuniäa those out there, with those out there
in the entryway (modalis).
sakipkuak dem.pron. those two out there in theentryway (not visible). See: sakimna,
sakipkuak.
sakipkuänaäni those two out there in theentryway (locative).
sakipkuänuäa toward those two out there in
the entryway (terminalis).
sakipkuänakäa from those two out there in theentryway (ablative). Variant: sakipkuänaääa(C).
sakipkuänuuna through those two out there in
the entryway (vialis).

sakipkuäniäa those two out there, with thosesakiàmik- vt. to make shavings (ikuàutit), used to183

entryway (similaris).

two out there in the entryway (modalis).

sakipsi- vt. to scrape tissue off a skin. Syn:amiiàruk-; aäula-; ikuk-; kiáigaq-;
kiááiuqtaq-; mamiiq-; mitquiq-; qisiiq-;
uqsruiyaq-.
sakiq- vi. to feel incapable. Syn: sakiài-.
sakiqnait- vi. to be easy, to be not difficult.
sakiqnaq n. hardship; hardness; difficulty. Syn:siàáiàniuàun.
sakiqnaq- vi. to be hard; to be difficult; to be trying.
Sakiqnaqtuq savanàitchuni. It is hard when
one is not working. Syn: qaàanait-; siàáiàñaq-.
sakiqniuàun n. distress; trial; misery. Iñuich
nagliksaaqtitkaatäa sakiqniuàutitigun.
People caused me to suffer through numerous
trials. Quviasruutigipmigikput
sakiqniuâiptigun. We do rejoice about oursufferings and misery. Syn: uuktuaàun. See:iâuiááiuâiq.
sakiqniuq- vi. to be hard-pressed; to be afflicted; tobe anguished. Sakiqniuqtitkupsigiä
piññautigiyumiñaitchiksi. If you let them beanguished you will have no gain from it.
sakkaq- vi. to work hard. Syn: sakuuk-.
sakkaqtu- vi. to persevere, to carry on. Putu
sakkaqturuq umiayyi'ami. Putu worked
without giving up when he built a boat.
sakkiqi- vt. to work hard.
sakma dem.adv. on the other side of the doorway, out
there in the entryway (not visible). Asriat
qanisani sakma. The berries, [they are] out
there in the storm porch. Syn: ugga. See:sakmani, sakmuäa, sakmakäa, sakmuuna see charts. Variant: saäma; saämani,
saämuäa, saämaääa, saämuuna.
sakmakäa dem.adv. from toward the exit, from thecoast; from the south. Putu iglarritchuq
sakmakäa. Putu has visitors from the south.
Sakmakäa uqsrumik Putu tuyuàaat. They
sent Putu seal oil from the coast (Shishmaref).
See: sakma. Variant: saämaääa.
sakmakäaq- vi. to come from toward the exit
(focus: actor), to come from the south.
sakmakäauti- vt. to bring from toward the exit
(focus: goal), to bring from the south.
sakmani dem.adv. located out there in the entryway(not visible). See: sakma. Variant: saämani.
sakmaniaäagun through the general area out
there in the entryway (vialis).
sakmaniaäani located in the general area out
there in the entryway (locative) (locative).

sakmuäa
sakmaniaäaniñ from the general area out there

in the entryway (ablative).
sakmaniaäanun toward the general area out
there in the entryway (terminalis).
sakmuäa dem.adv. toward exit, toward out there.
See: sakma. Variant: saämuäa.
sakmuäatmun dem.adv. toward exit.
sakmuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward exit
(focus: direction).
sakmuäaq- vi. to go exit (focus: actor).
sakmuäauti- vt. to take exit (focus: goal).
sakmuuna dem.adv. through the exit area, throughthe area at the mouth of the river. See: sakma.
Variant: saämuuna.
sakmuunaaq- vi. to be moving through the areaby the exit.
sakniuq- vi. to be sick; to be in pain (because of
overdoing it). Miiyuk sakniuqtuq. Miiyuk isin much pain from exhaustion. Putu atniqhuni
sakniuâallaktuq. Putu got hurt and is in muchpain. Syn: iñiqtuq-; minàuq-; urgiasruk-;
anniáuk-; annivaktaq-; atniáuk-;atnivaktaq-; kiiqsiuq-. See: nagrutchiq-.
Variant: saäniuq-.
sakniuqtuaq- to be in pain. Putu
sakniuqtuaqhuni tuqullaktuq. At last Putu
died, having suffered much pain.
sakpakilik n. person with white-man's shoes.
Miiyuk aggiááaktuq sakpakilik. Miiyuk camewearing (white man's) shoes.
sakpakiq n. boot, shoe (factory-made). Putu
sakpakiqsiruq ikpaksraq. Putu bought shoes
yesterday.
sakpayaqtaq n. oval ball.
saksakiq n. 1) common redpoll. Acanthis flammea.
2) hoary redpoll. Acanthis hornemanni.
Saksakiuraq miñäaruq uqpiämi. The redpoll
is perching on the willow. Variant:saksakiuraq.
sakuugraq- vi. to compete, to strive to win.
sakuuk- vi. to work very hard. Sakuuäuraàniaâhasumun atuàumiñaitchuq! All his extreme
effort is going to be useless! Syn: sakkaq-.
salapqiq- vi. to be exposed; to be revealed; to bemade known. Sivuniksriqiri salapqiàñiqsuq
akunnaptiknun. A prophet has been madeknown among us.
salapqiq- vt. to reveal, to expose, to make known.
Iñuk uqaqami irrusipiani salapqiàaa
uqaâiàmigun. When a person speaks in hissoul, he reveals it with his words. Syn: kilik-;kiliktuq-; mani-; sagviq-; satqummiq-.
sali- vt. to cut with a cutting instrument (i.e. knife,scissors, hair clippers, etc). Putum akâunaaq

salummaqsaligaa. Putu cut a rope. Ipnaiyaatun
niplitáaitchuatun salikkaukami. Like a sheep
which does not utter a sound when it is beingshorn. Syn: kipi-.
salik- vi. 1) to travel parallel to something. 2) totravel swiftly. Syn: qaàruàila-. Variant:saliksuq-.
salikuq- vi. to sweep the floor. Ilaan pamiuäan
salikuàniàai piñayuiäich uvluàiaäiñ
qiáaum. His tail swept [away] a third of thestars of heaven. Syn: sanäiyaq-; tilaàài-.
salikuun n. broom. Salikuun talum saniàaani.
The broom is beside the door. Syn: sanäiyautit.
Variant: salikuutit.
salipchaq- vi. to get a haircut. Lit: 'let another cut
something'. Putu salipchaqtuq ikpaksraq.
Putu got a haircut yesterday.
salliñ n. thin-bladed scissors. Variant: sallisik.
salliñiq n. weight at the end of fish net (used to holdthe net in place). Salliñiq uqitchuq. The
weight (on the net) is light.
salliq n. the part in front; the part toward the ocean.
Salliq kuvraqtuq. The [net] in front has fish init.
sallisik n. scissors; hair clippers. Sallisik
ipkitchuk. The scissors are dull.
sallisit- vt. to cut with scissors; to shear. Miiyuk
sallisitaqtuq. Miiyuk is cutting with scissors.
sallisitiq- to cut accidentally. Nukatpiaàruum
sallisitiàniàai nutchani. The boy accidentally
cut his own hair.
salliu- vi. to be at the front of a group. Putu
salliuruq. Putu is at the front [of the group].
Syn: saa-; saamiutaq-; sivu-.
saluksi- vt. to clean an animal skin with a stick (skintanning process).
saluma- vi. to be clean, to be neat, to be tidy.
Miiyuum tupqa salumagaqtuq. Miiyuk's
house is always clean. Utiqami paqinniàaa ini
salumaplugu suli iâuaqsaqsimaplugu. Whenhe returns he finds the place clean and fixed up.
salumait- vi. to be dirty; to be unclean. Putum
umaiäa salumaiãallaktuq. Putu's boat is reallydirty. Puggutat salumaitchut. The dishes are
dirty. Syn: puyau-.
salumaun n. cleanliness; holiness. Iñuich iäiqtut
salumautmik Agaayyutmiñ. The people
begged holiness from God.
salummaq- vt. to clean up; to tidy up. Miiyuk
salummaàaqtuq. Miiyuk is always cleaning
up. Salummallapiaàisigaa mukkaaksrat
sanikâuäniñ.. He will clean the wheat from its
chaff. Ilaan salummaàaatigut
killuqsapayaaniñ. He cleanses us from all184salummaunsaniàaqâiàiik-wrongdoing. Syn: natchiqi-.

salummaun n. cleaning tool, e.g. rag, mop, cleanser,

strainer, etc. Milugiatchiat piiàñiaàaàigisi
qallutipsitñiñ salummautituqâugich. You
always strain out gnats from your cups using astrainer. Syn: allaàun; paulaiyaun.
samakäa dem.adv. from down there (not visible).
See: samma. Variant: samaääa.
samakäaq- vi. to come from down there(invisible).
samakäauti- vt. to bring from down there (focus:goal) (invisible). Putu aikãiqsuq qattamik
samakäa. Putu is fetching a bucket from below.
samani dem.adv. located down there somewhere (notvisible). See: samma.
samaniaäagun through the general area down
there (vialis).
samaniaäani located in the general area down
there (locative).
samaniaäaniñ from the general area down there(ablative).
samaniaäanun toward the general area down
there (terminalis).
samaääa (C) dem.adv. from down there (notvisible). See: samma. Variant: samakäa.
samaääaq- vi. to come from down there.
samaääauti- vt. to bring from down there (focus:goal).
samiiq- 1) vi. to have an insatiable appetite. Syn:niààiqsu-. 2)— vi. to do more than intended; to be unable tostop (working).
samma dem.adv. down there: not visible, away fromspeaker and listener; located downriver; toward
ocean; underneath (a word used to express what
one knows up to the present moment. It can beequivalent to: "right now, as far as I know". It isrelated to imma, but it involves a smaller areaof space and relates to the present moment or asmaller segment of time.). Samma umiami
taquat. The food items are down there in theboat. Samma aggiàñiaqtuaq. As far as I know,
he was coming. Syn: kanna; unna. See:samani, samuäa, samakäa, samuuna - seecharts.
samna dem.pron. that one down there (not visible)(Absolutive, sing.). Syn: sapkuak, sapkua.
savruma that one down there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: saptuma (C).
savrumani that one down there (locative).
Variant: saptumani (C).
savrumuäa toward that one down there(terminalis). Variant: saptumuäa (C).
savrumakäa from that one down there (ablative).

185

Variant: saptumaääa (C).

savrumuuna through that one down there(vialis). Variant: saptumuuna (C).

savrumatun like that one down there (similaris).
Variant: saptumatun (C).

savrumiäa that one down there, with that one

down there (modalis). Variant: saptumiäa (C).

samnaaq n. bottom part (not visible). Iivaruut

samnaaäa piiyaqtuq. The bottom part of theEvinrude [outboard motor] broke.
samnaaq- vi. to be unable to go farther; to reach adead-end; to meet an impasse and try anotherroute.
samuäa dem.adv. toward down there (not visible).
See: samma.
samuäatmun dem.adv. toward down there.
samuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward down
there (focus: direction).
samuäaq- vi. to go toward down there (focus:
actor). Miiyuk samuäaqtuq umiaàmigun
paaäanun. Miiyuk went with her boat to its
mouth [of the river].
samuäauti- vt. to take toward down there(focus: goal).
samuäaq- vt. to degrade; to intimidate; to put down.
samuuna dem.adv. through down there (not visible).
Kuugauraq isiqsaaqtuq paapiaäagun
samuuna. Kuugauraq entered the river throughthe main channel down there. See: samma.
samuunaaq- vi. to go through down there.
samuuna n. vagina of a woman (euphemism). Syn:utchuk.
samuunaaq- vi. to roast; to cook in oven. Miiyuk
samuunaaqtuq tulimaanik. Miiyuk is
cooking ribs in the oven.
sana- vi. to carve, to whittle.
sanalàutiqaàvik n. tool box, tool bag. Putum
sanalàutiqaàvia qanisani ittuq. Putu's tool
bag is [out] in the storm shed. Syn: ikãiàvik.
Variant: savalàutiqaàvik.
sanatu- vi. to be skilled; to be very productive. Syn:
iqinnait-; savitu-; savvaqtu-.
saniàa- vt. to put siding on something. Syn:piqtaliq-.
saniàaagun n. crossed rope (sled). Saniàaagun
kiktuàaqtuq. The crossed rope of the sled
snapped.
saniàanäu- vi. to have a side pain.
saniàaq n. side. Ayauäaruak aquppiñiqsuk
saniàaatni tumitchiat. Two blind man sat at
the side of the road. Qiññuaàniàaa iáiágaaq
inillakâugu saniqqamiñun. He called the childover to stand at his side.
saniàaqâiàiik- vi. to be juxtaposed; to be situatedsaniàaqâiqside by side (of two or more objects). Pututkuk
saniàaqâiàiiksuk. Putu and his wife sat next toeach other.
saniàaqâiq n. a person (item) next to oneself. Putu
saniàaqâia quqhiàuitáaiqsuq. The one sitting
next to Putu cannot stop coughing.
saniàaqâiu- vi. to be alongside; to be parallel.
Pututkuk saniàaqâiuruk tarra Qatutkuäni.
Putu and his wife live next to Qatuk and hiswife.
saniàutaq n. 1) crossbar on door. Saniàutamik
qanisami piqaqtugut. We have a crossbar in
the storm shed. 2) cross. Jesus-äum saniàutaq
akiyaàaa. Jesus carried a cross. Syn:aäarrautaq. 3) boom on boat.
saniàutchiq- vi. to block a door with a crossbar; tobolt a door. Putum saniàutchiàaa qanisaq.
Putu bolted the storm shed with a crossbar Syn:qaulàutchiq-; saniqsaq.
sanik n. 1) dirt; dust. Syn: sanikkut. Variant:sanäich. 2) chaff; straw; leaves from berries.
Salummallapiaàisigaa mukkaaksrat
sanikâuäniñ.. He will clean the wheat from its
chaff. 3) lint; caribou hair on clothing.
sanikkut n. offal; waste; leftover things to bedisposed of. Syn: sanik.
sanillak- vi. to get linty. Syn: nivi-; sannak-;sanäu-.
sanipchaaq- vi. to stagger (while walking). Syn:paallakataaliq-; sanipakkataq-;
sanipaktuq-. Variant: sanipkaaq-.
sanipkaaq- vi. 1) to pace the floor. 2) to stagger(while walking). Syn: paallakataaliq-. Variant:sanipchaaq-.
saniq pos.base. beside.
saniàaani area beside. Malàuk aäutik
aquppiñiqsuk saniàaatni tumitchiat. Twomen were sitting at the side of the road. Putu
aquppiruq saniàaani ikniàum. Putu wassitting next to a fire.
saniàaanun next to, to the side of. Nivviam
saniàaanun aquvinniqsuq. He sat down next
to a well.
saniq- vi. 1) to lie on one's side, to lie sidewise.
Miiyuk saniqhuni nalaruq. Miiyuk lies onher side. 2) to turn sideways. Syn:saniqpaqtaaq-.
saniqpaktaaàuti- vt. to take aside (for privacy).
Peter-m saniqpaktaaàutillakâuguuqautiniàaa Jesus taatnatchiñik
uqaquäitáugu. Peter taking Jesus aside told himthat he should not say these kinds of things.
saniqpaqtaaq- vi. to move aside, to turn to the side.
Putu saniqpaqtaaqtuq tumitchiani. Putu

sannaqturned aside on the trail. Syn: saniq-. Variant:sanitvaqtaaq-.
saniqsaq n. movable bar (for locking a door). Talu
Putum tupqani tiguàiqaqtuq saniqsamik.
The door in Putu's house has a movable bar for adoor knob.
saniqsaq- vi. to block a door with a moveable bar.
Putum saniqsaàaa talu unnuaàaàikman.
Putu locks the door at night. Syn: qaulàutchiq-;saniàutchiq-.
sanitmun pos.adv. sideways: from or toward the side.
Nukatpiaq saiáàiruq sikumi sanitmun. The
boy is sliding on the ice sideways. Tiämisuun
sanitmun tiäiruq. The plane flew sideways.
See: saniq. Variant: saniñmun.
sanitvaqtaaq- vi. to move aside, to turn to the side.
Syn: saniqpaqtaaq-. Variant: sanivaq-.
sanivaq- vt. to set aside, to set apart. Syn: asivaq-;
miñaq-. See: saniqpaqtaaàuti-;
saniqpaqtaaq-. Variant: sanivaqtaaq-.
sanivaq- vi. to move out to an uninhabited place; tobe placed out so as to be available for use.
sanmi- vt. 1) to face (a person or an object). Taamna
qamannirvik Crete-mi sanmiruaq
uäallamun. That was a sheltered harbor in
Crete facing south. Syn: kigiñiq-; saat-;saavit-. 2) to court a loved one.
sanmikãiq- vi. to act hostile toward others.
sanmikãiq- vt. to bother/annoy others. Syn: aavri-;iáaksia-; maagri-; papri-. See: akat-;iñunäunaq-.
sanmiraq- vt. to tease. Putum sanmiraàaa
tauqsiàñiaqti. Putu teased the storekeeper. Syn:sanmikãiq-; piyuk-; mitaaq-; iááuqsruq-.
sanmisi- vt. 1) to argue, to quarrel; to debate; to turnagainst one another. (If mood is negative, use
this sense.). 2) to court, to woo (to have a tender
feeling toward a woman). Amaàuàlu Miiyuglu
sanmisiruk. Amaàuq and Miiyuk are in lovewith each other. (If mood is positive, use thissense.).
sanmisiãiq n. enmity, hostility; quarrel; dispute.
Sanmisiãiq atlakaaàiisigun ittaqtuq. There
are always be disputes about differences.
Pisuiqsimayumiñaitchusi, aasiiñ sanmisiãiq
itchaàataàisiruq. You will never be satisfied,and enmity will remain.
sannak- vi. to become linty; to become covered withanimal hair. Ulitchiaq sannaktuq. The blanket
is covered with hair. Syn: nivi-; sanillak-;
sanäu-.
sannaq n. curved wood chip from whittling, woodshavings. Uvva sannaqtuqpaich natiàmi.
Lots of big shavings on the floor. Syn:

186

sanniqi-

sapiài-saannanikkut; sakiàmiat. See: itchukkuq;
savikkaq.
sanniqi- vt. to ignore someone. Syn: suqutiginàiq-.
sanniuàrugaq- vi. to be fishtailing (of a vehicle).
Sanniuàrugaqtut qiáài. His sled is fishtailing.
sanniuàruk- vi. to slide, move or glide sideways (ofa moving sled, boat or vehicle). Aksraqtuaq
sanniuàruksaqtuq tumitchiami. The car slid
sideways on the trail. Sanniuàruksaaqtuq
Putu. Putu veered and made a U-turn.
sanäiyaq- vt. 1) to remove dirt, lint, or animal hairs.
2) to sweep the floor. Putu sanäiyaqtuq
uvluvak. Putu swept the floor today. Variant:salikuq- (C); tilaàài-.
sanäiyautit n. broom. Sanäiyautit talum
saniàaani. The broom is beside the door.
Sanäiyautit nunurut. The broom is worn out.
Syn: salikuun; salikuutit.
sanäu- vi. to be dusty, to be dirty; to be full of animalhairs or lint. Natiq tupiptikni sanäuâallaktuq.
The floor in our house is very dirty. Syn: nivi-;
sanillak-; sannak-.
saäiak- vi. to be jealous; to be troubled by suspicions
or fears of rivalry, unfaithfulness, etc. Variant:saäiaktu-.
saäiaktu- vi. to be jealous by inclination (having apreference, disposition, or tendency to jealousy).
Putu saäiakturuq. Putu is often jealous.
saäiatchak- vi. to become furious.
saäiatchaktit- vt. to provoke.
Saäiatchaktittaàigikput ataniq taatnaqapta
taapkuniäa. We provoke the Lord when we dothat sort of thing.
saäma (C) dem.adv. on the other side of thedoorway (not visible), out there in the entryway(not visible). Asiat qanisani saäma. The
berries, [they are] out there in the storm porch.
Syn: ugga. See: saämani, saämuäa,
saämaääa, saämuuna - see charts. Variant:sakma; sakmani, sakmuäa, sakmakäa,
sakmuuna.
saämani dem.adv. located out there in the entryway(not visible). See: saäma. Variant: sakmani.
saämaniaäagun through the general area out
there in the entryway (vialis).
saämaniaäani located in the general area out
there in the entryway (locative).
saämaniaäaniñ from the general area out there
in the entryway (ablative).
saämaniaäanun toward the general area out
there in the entryway (terminalis).
saämaääa (C) dem.adv. from toward the exit, fromthe coast; from the south (not visible). Putu
iglarritchuq saämaääa. Putu has visitors from187

the south. Saämaääa uqsrumik Putu
tuyuàaat. They sent Putu seal oil from down
the coast. See: saäma. Variant: sakmakäa.
saämaääaq- vi. to come from toward the exit
(focus: actor), to come from the south.
saämaääauti- vt. to bring from toward the exit
(focus: goal), to bring from the south.
saämuäa dem.adv. toward exit, toward out there (notvisible). See: saäma. Variant: sakmuäa.
saämuäatmun pos.adv. toward exit.
saämuäatmuk- vi. to transition toward exit
(focus: direction).
saämuäaq- vi. to go exit.
saämuäauti- vt. to take exit (focus: goal).
saämuuna dem.adv. through the exit area, throughthe area at the mouth of the river (not visible).
See: saäma. Variant: sakmuuna.
saämuunaaq- vi. to be moving through the areaby the exit (invisible).
saäniq- vi. to be exhausted; to be very tired.
saäniuq- vi. 1) to be sick. 2) to be in pain. Syn:anniáuk-; annivaktaq-; atniáuk-;atnivaktaq-; kiiqsiuq-. See: nagrutchiq-.
Variant: sakniuq-.
saääi n. power; strength. Syn: sayak. Variant:saääik.
saääi- vi. to be strong.
saääiit- vi. to be weak.
saääik n. strength; power; might. Variant: saääi;
saääiñ.
saääiñiaq- vi. to act tough.
saääipayaaqaqtuaq n. Almighty God. Syn:saääiruaq.
saääiqun n. authority. Syn: saääiqutiqaâiq.
saääiqutiksrik- vt. to empower, to authorize. See:aäalatiksrikkauma-; taluànaqusiq-.
saääiqutilik n. authorized person, person in
authority. See: aäalarrutiksraq.
saääiqutiqaâiq n. authority. Syn: aäalatchiãiq.
Variant: saääiqun.
saääiruaq n. Powerful One, the Lord God. Syn:saääipayaaqaqtuaq; atanàuruaq.
saääit- vt. 1) to strengthen. 2) to tighten fast. Syn:nunuq-; qiáiviqsruq-.
saäu- vi. to turn.
saäut- vt. to speak ill of someone (either directly or
behind his back); to slander someone. Variant:saäutchi-.
saäutchilgu- vi. to be a gossip.
saäutchiri n. gossip, a person who habitually
gossips. Syn: avatmuâiq; uqaqtu. See:akatchiri.
sapi- vi. to block a road.
sapiài- vi. to feel that something is formidable,sapiànaitimpossible to do.

sapiànait- vi. to be easy; to be possible.
sapiànaq- vi. 1) to be formidable; to seem impossible.

Qiñiqtuäa atlamik sapiàñaqtuamik
israàuliämik. I saw another mighty angel. 2) tobe powerful, energetic, mighty. Taapkua
sapiàñaqsipáugich aäuyaâiàmi. They became
mighty in war.
sapiànaqtaaq n. mighty man; a powerful person.
Aasriiñ sapiàñaqtaat iñuich kappiaäaplutiä
iñgiñun. Then powerful people cried for help tothe mountains.
sapiànaun n. might; power.
sapiáiq- vi. 1) to be discouraged; to feel inadequate.
2) to be anxious; to dread the time of a coming
event.
sapimmi- vi. to be stuck because the way out isclosed (as to surround a person so he is unable tomove). Variant: sapinàu-.
sapinàu- vi. to be stuck at a certain place because ofhigh winds, making it too difficult to travel byboat. Variant: sapimmi-.
sapiq- vi. to feel inadequate; to feel incompetent; tohave no confidence.
sapiqsraq- vi. to be unassuming, and therefore behesitant to ask favors; to be modest, to be
demure.
sapkua dem.pron. those down there (not visible).
Syn: sapkuak, sapkua.
sapkunani thosedown there (locative).
sapkunuäa toward those down there (terminalis).
sapkunakäa from those down there (ablative).
Variant: sapkunaääa (C).
sapkunuuna through those down there (vialis).
sapkunatun like those down there (similaris).
sapkuniäa those down there, with those down
there (modalis).
sapkuak dem.pron. those two down there (notvisible). Syn: sapkuak, sapkua.
sapkuänaäni those two down there (locative).
sapkuänuäa toward those two down there(terminalis).
sapkunakäa from those two down there(ablative). Variant: sapkuänaääa (C).
sapkunuuna through those two down there(vialis).
sapkuänaktun like those two down there(similaris).
sapkuäniäa those two down there, with those
two down there (modalis).
sapnauq- vi. to become blocked (e.g. when ice
blocks a boat). Variant: sapnaaq-.
sappun n. 1) barrier; a blockade; a dam in a stream.
2) enclosure; a fence around something.

saquiqataqsapta- vi. to grope around (as of a blind person). Ilaa

saptaaqsiñiqsuq kisumun
tasiullaäniaqupluni argaämigun. He started
groping around for anyone to lead him by his
hand.
saptaq- vi. 1) to grope; to feel; to fumble. 2) toexamine someone, to help correct an illness; topalpate. Syn: savit-.
sapuqutaq n. offense; stumbling block. Syn:avriaqqun; piñaiááutaq; putukkisaun.
saqalataayiq n. red squirrel (also called treesquirrel).
saqi- vi. to be jostled; to be pushed (person to person,
in crowd).
saqigrugi- vt. to jostle; to press, to throng, to crowd
against. Syn: israa-; tatruq-; tatviksraiq-;
tinusi-.
saqiqqiãiq n. struggle.
saqit- vt. to push (object). Alexander saqinniàaat
sivuàaatnun katimaruat. They pushed
Alexander to the front of the assembly.
Kiñapayaaq uvaänun utlautiruaq
saqitchumiñaitchiga. Anyone who comes tome, I will certainly not push out.
saqâak- vi. to be violent, to be mean, to be mad.
Iñuich saqâaktuat aippaavak
akiááiáiqsuiñiqsut uvuäanunaglaan. Violent
people have opposed [it] from long time ago
until now. Syn: aäallaqâuuti-; piaqâuktaq-;
tigguqâuk-.
saqpik- vi. to turn one's feet outward.
saqpiáuksi- vi. to sit on floor, crossing one's legs.
Variant: saqpiáuksimaaq-.
saqpiáuksimaaq- vi. to sit on floor cross-legged"Indian fashion" with knees apart. Syn:qaliàiiksimaaq-; sitchuqsimaaq-. See:
qaapaaksimaaq-. Variant: saqpiáuksi-.
saqpiáuktaaq- vi. to sit down with legs crossed. See:
saqpiáuksi-.
saqpiäa- vi. to be splay-footed: to have abnormallyflat and turned out feet.
saqsruaq- vi. 1) to veer, to deviate, to turn aside
from a purpose or goal. Syn: saqutit-. 2) todrift, to stray, to wander from a set course. Syn:
avatvaq-.
saqu- vi. to turn: to change one's direction.
Saqugaluaàniqsut Nuurvium tuäaanun.
They turned aside in the direction of Noorvik.
saquàun n. tributary river. See: kuugauraq;
kuugaatchiaq.
saquipiáuk- vi. to proceed on a zigzag course. Syn:supiaq-.
saquiqataq- vi. to sway back and forth (of a moving
boat or sled). Variant: saquuq-.

188saqulupqutaq

savammaqâuk-saqulupqutaq n. 1) appendix. 2) stovepipe elbow.

Variant: saqupqutaq.
saqulupqutaq- vi. to have an appendicitis attack.
saquäa- vi. to be crooked; to be bent.
saqupqutaq n. stovepipe elbow. Variant:saqulupqutaq; saquttaq.
saqutit- vt. to veer: to change someone's direction.
Syn: saqsruaq-. See: mumiqqaq-.
saquttaq n. stovepipe elbow. Syn: saqulupqutaq;
saqupqutaq.
saquuq- vt. to sway; to travel not in a straight line.
Variant: saquiqataq-.
saquuqataq- vi. to meander; to travel in crooked
line. Variant: saquiqataq-.
sargiq n. sage, "stinkweed" (used in medicine). Salvia
officinalis.
saràut- vi. to pass in front of someone or something.
See: qanikuaq-.
sarri (C) n. floating pack ice in the distance, awayfrom land-locked ice. Variant: satri.
sarvaq- vt. to move something forward, to movesomething toward the ocean.
sarvaqtaaq- vi. to move forward, to move ocean
ward.
sarvasrik- vi. 1) to lie far out in the ocean. See:satchaaq-. 2) to be out of reach. Variant:sarvasik- (C).
sassaàniq n. hour.
sassaq n. 1) hour. Variant: sassaàniq. 2) watch(time); clock. Russian loan word.
satchaaq- vi. to travel far out from the shore. See:sarvasrik-.
satchik- vi. to be far out (in the ocean, it often means
there is open water at a distance, recognized by acloud).
satkagiiáaq n. buff-breasted sandpiper. Tryngites
subruficollis.
satku n. weapon; hunting equipment (like knife or
any kind weapon).
satku- vt. to shoot at game.
satqagun n. breast cover.
satqak n. chest. Variant: qatigaak.
satqummiaq n. item, kept handy (not in storage).
satqummiq- vt. to reveal, to make manifest, toexpose. Agaayyutim satqummiàñiàai
iáumutuuruat nalupqinaiqãugich. God has
revealed the truths very clearly.
Satqummiqsigik tamatkua qaumamun.
Expose them to the light (of day). Syn: kilik-;kiliktuq-; mani-; sagviq-; salapqiq-. Variant:satqummii-.
satuq- vt. to redeem; to ransom; to take back; torecover. Qaitchuq iämiñik iñupayaatsatuqsaqâugich. He gave himself so he could

189

ransom everybody. Satuqsaàaluaàaa
qulvimigun. He tried to recover it by his tears.
Syn: aäiuq-; tasuq-.
sau n. skirting of snow around house for insulation(made of a snow).
sau- vt. 1) to cover (to dig a hole and then coversomething in it with sand or earth). 2) to bury
into the ground. 3) to skirt a house with snow.
saulluq- vt. to remove contents from a narrow
opening, as marrow from bone. Syn: qaqutuq-.
saumik n. 1) left hand. 2) left-handed person.
saumikâiq n. the left side. Variant: saumiani.
saumiu- vi. to be left-handed.
saunaaq n. 1) small bone of fish. See: sauniq.
2) eggshell. 3) pit or seed of fruit; core of thestem of the plant (like rhubarb).
saunarri- vi. to become too tough to eat (of the coreof the stem of a plant).
saunàich n. 1) skeleton. See: sauniq. 2) boat frame(in plural).
sauniku n. leftover bone.
saunilik- vi. to have a bone.
sauniq n. bone. See: saunaaq.
sauniqsiq- vi. to stiffen a birch-bark basket withwillow branches.
saunnak- vi. to harden (of children's soft bones).
saunniqiri n. 1) one who makes things with bone.
2) orthopedist.
saunnit- vi. to have a bone stuck in one's throat.
saunniutaq n. 1) fish bone. 2) bone lodged in thethroat.
sautaaq n. anchor for trap or snare.
sauvaniq n. chinking of sod (used in the constructionof a sod house).
savaaàik- vi. to have a good job.
savaaq n. 1) work; a job; employment. 2) piece ofwork.
savaaqaqtit- vi. to be employed. Lit: '(someone) let(me) have a job'.
savaiãiq n. Sunday, rest day. Variant:minàuiqsiaàvik.
savaiññiq n. 1) Sunday. 2) one week. Syn:akuniqsaaq.
savak- vi. to work.
savaktaaàruk n. worker; slave.
savaktaaàruksraq- vi. to become a slave.
savakti n. worker ; minister. Syn: ikayuqti;
savautriruaq. See: kipaluk.
savalàun n. tool. Variant: savaun.
savalàutiqaàvik n. tool box, tool bag. Syn:ikãiàvik. Variant: sanalàutiqaàvik.
savaliiãiq n. Monday. Syn: atausiäuàniq.
savammaqâuk- vt. to commit a crime. Syn:savvaàluk-.

savaniqâuksavaniqâuk- vi. to work badly, to do shoddy work.
savaqi- vi. to make a bullet; to load shells.
savaun n. tool. Variant: savalàun.
savautriãiq n. ministry, service. Syn: ikayuutauâiq.
savautriruaq n. servant, worker. Syn: kipaluk;savakti.

savayuâiq n. skill (proficiency, facility, or dexterity

that is acquired or developed through training orexperience). See: savitu-.
savigaq- vt. 1) to trim baleen with a knife (forbasket, fish line, etc.). See: savikkaq. 2) to cut
with knife. 3) to stab.
savigruaq n. iron. Syn: saviãhaq.
saviiàavii n. grey-cheeked thrush. Hyclocichla
minima. Syn: piiàaq.
savik n. knife.
savikkaq n. shaving of wood or baleen. Syn:saannanikkut. See: ikuàutiksrat; ichukkuq;
sakiàmiat.
saviãhaq n. iron; steel; metal. Syn: savigruaq.
savinnaq- vi. to involve much time and effort; to be
toilsome; to be tiresome (of an activity, etc.).
savit- vt. to touch something; to feel something; tofeel a person's body, to examine to help correct
an illness, to palpate. Syn: kunipiq-; patalài-;saptaq-. See: pakiñik-; patik-. Variant:savitauraq-.
savitauraq- vt. to pet; to touch; to feel lightly. Syn:kunipiq-; patalài-. Variant: savit-.
savitu- vi. to work well at things; to be handy. Syn:
iqinnait-; sanatu-; savvaqtu-. See: savayuâiq.
savitugalukut excl. expression of amazement;
expression when marveling at something.
savvaàluk- vt. to commit a crime; to do wrong. Syn:savammaqâuk-.
savvaqâukti n. criminal (common).
savvaqtu- vi. to be industrious, to work hard; to work
a lot. Syn: iqinnait-; sanatu-; savitu-.
savviaq- vi. to set out to work, to go to work on ...
savviuqti n. craftsman in making knives.
sayaiq- vi. to become drained of energy.
Uniaàaqautraqtauq tikitñami sayaiqsuq.
When the dog racer crossed the finish line, he
was drained (of energy).
sayairrun n. weakness. Uqavigaaàutiqaàniaqtuäa
tamatkuniäa qiñiqtitaäiñik sayairrutma. I
am going to express pride about those things
which show my weakness.
sayairrutilik n. paralytic. Sayairrutilik
ikayuànaqtuq ataramik. A paralytic is inneed of assistance all the time. Syn:iáiqsratlaiáaq.
sayait- vi. to be powerless; to be weak; to be drainedof energy. Iñuk piyummatiqaàaluaqhuni

sayyaaàiksiirrutchiàmigun, timimigun sayaitchaqtuq.
Although a person is willing in spirit, he is often
powerless in his body. Sayaiááiuliqama
sayakturuäa. When I am made weak I amstrong.
sayak n. 1) strength; power; might. Niàianikman
sayaäan uttaqiniàaa. After he had eaten his
strength returned to him. Sayaqaàitchi
ukpiqsriãipsigun. Have strength through your(all) faith. Syn: saääi. 2) health.
sayak- vi. to be strong, to be healthy. Taimmaiñaq
aäutiq-niam niuäi sayaniktiàniqsuk.
Suddenly the legs of the pitiable man became
healthy. Sayaksritquplusri kamanaqtuakun
saääiagun. That you should become strong
through his great power. Syn: suàait-;
tauttuàik-. Variant: sayaktu-.
sayaksraq- vt. to strengthen. Sayaksraqaàaasi suli
qaitchiáusi ikayuutmik. He can strengthen you
and give you help.
sayaktu- vi. to be healthy; to be strong. Uvagut
sayakturuani ikayuàniaqtaksraàigivut
tamatkua sayaitchuat. We who are strong, weshould help those who are weak.
Sayaiááiuliqama sayakturuäa. When I am
made weak I am strong. Variant: sayak-.
sayuk- vi. to twitch (of a body part).
sayuäa- vi. 1) to fornicate. Killuqsaqtut
sayuäakamiä. They sinned when they
committed fornication. 2) to be promiscuous.
Qiñiqamitruä aànaq ikãitchakhutiä
sayuäayumarut. When they see a woman they
get infatuated and are willing to be promiscuous.
sayuäaâiq n. 1) fornication (voluntary sexualintercourse between unmarried persons).
Uqautigipmigaat sayuäaâiq akunnapsitñi.
They also speak of immorality among you.
2) adultery (voluntary sexual intercourse
between a married person and a partner otherthan the lawful spouse). Tikiutriñiqsut
aànamik aäukkauruamik sayuäaâikun.
They brought a woman who had been caught in
adultery. Variant: sayuäaqaâiq. 3) idolatry.
sayuäari n. 1) fornicator. 2) idolator. Syn:aanàuaqtuqti.
sayuq- vi. to do a motion dance. Pania sayuàniqsuq
sivuàaani umialgum. Her daughter danced
before the king. Syn: aààipiaq-; uamit-;
uyuk-. See: naqigáiuraq-; taliq-.
sayuun n. song for a motion dance (Eskimo dance);
actions for a motion dance (Eskimo dance).
sayyaaàiksi- vi. to become stronger. Agaayyutim
sayyaaàiksipkaàisigaasi irrutchipsigun. God
will cause you to become stronger in your spirit.

190

sayyak-siiàáit-sayyak- vi. to gain strength; to become healthy.

Uqautriñiqsut ukpiqtuanik
sayyaksaqâugich. They spoke with thebelievers and strengthened them.
sayyaktusriáaaq- vi. to increase in strength; tobecome gradually stronger. Ukpiqsriãha
sayyaktusriáaaàniqsuq. His faith has graduallygrown stronger.
sayyii- vt. to strengthen.
sayyiq- vt. 1) to give strength, to strengthen.
Sayyiàisigitin aniqatiutin. Strengthen mybrothers. Agaayyutim sayyiqsimaniàai. God
strengthened them. Variant: sayyii-. 2) to build
up one's strength with treatment.
sayyiqsuq- to strengthen, to give strength.
Atanàum nayuqâuäa sayyiqsuàaaäa. The
Lord stood by me and strengthened me.
siak- vt. 1) to line things up. 2) to look at a line-up, tolook over a group of people to detect a criminal.
siak- vi. to be lined up in a row (used in plural).
siakataaq n. dice.
siakataaq- vi. to roll dice, to play with dice.
siakataq- vt. to lose, to fail to win at dice.
siaksruiq- vi. to become silent.
siaksruit- vi. to be silent, quiet; to be calm, peaceful.
Syn: iñuksruit-; qiñuit-.
siaksruk- vi. 1) to crunch, to move with crushingsound. 2) to emit a crushing noise (audible indistance).
siaksrula- vt. to emit a loud, intense noise (audible
in distance). Syn: iñuksrula-.
siaksruäniq n. noise; din. Putum tusraaniàaisiaksruäniäat israàuäisa. Putu heard thenoise of their wings.
sialuk n. rain; rainy weather. Variant: siáaluk.
sialuk- vi. to rain. Variant: siáaluk-.
siamàuq n. driftwood; small broken-off piece ofdriftwood.
siamit- vt. to spread; to scatter. Iñuich quppiàaatiä
siamitkaqsiñiàaich apqutmun. People began
to spread their coats on the road.
Amaqqumaasrii siamitkaqsiñiàai tamatkua
ipnaich. Then the wolf begins to scatter those
sheep. Syn: kanàaala-; kanàaqsruq-; siapsi-;siqiááak-.
siammayaaq- vi. to be scattered everywhere.
Atausriàuqtitchitqigisiruq iluqaitñik
siammayaaqsimaruanik. He will let all ofthem who were scattered around become one
again.
siapsi- vt. to disperse, to scatter. Atlatli kipriñiqsut
akiqqunik napaaqtuniñ siapsiutiplugich
tumitchianun. Others severed branches fromtrees and spread them on the road. Syn:

191

kanàaala-; siamit-. See: akullaq-. Variant:siavsi-.
siaqqa- vi. to mourn. Syn: kiñunàuu-; kiñuvàu-.
Variant: siaqqau-.
siatqik- vi. to be straight (of a surface).
sigak- vi. to smoke heavily; to smoke steadily. See:
ipiqqiq.
sigguk- vi. 1) thrust one's lips out, showing
displeasure; to pout. 2) to swell when cold (oflips). Variant: siyyuk-.
siggukpaligauraq n. dunlin. Erolia alpina.
sigguuk (C) n. 1) protruding mouth and lips of ananimal, snout, muzzle. Syn: umilàuq. Variant:siyyuuk. 2) beak; bill of a bird. Variant:siyyuuk.
sigguk one mandible of beak (of bird).
sigraaq n. protective tarp or skin (used for wrappinga load). Syn: akivik; kalikuàruaq; quliàun.
sigruqisak n. arctic dwarf willow (growing nearground, with round leaves). Syn: uqpik.
siààaqi- vi. to work with effort; to labor withdifficulty; to toil. Syn: payaäniuq-. See: sii-.
siààaqqun n. labor; hard work.
siàiiyaq- vt. to remove dry ear wax. Variant: siàri-.
siàáiàniuàun n. hardship; difficulty. Syn: sakiqnaq.
siàáiàñait- vi. to be easy, to be not difficult. Syn:qaàanaq-.
siàáiàñaq- vi. to be difficult, to be trying. Syn:qaàanait-; sakiqnaq-.
siàáuaq n. underground cache, cold storage, icecellar. Syn: qiqitchiuvik; saiyut. See: ikiààat;qakutit; uäaluurat. Variant: siàáuuraq.
siàñiksrau- vi. to be devoted.
siàri n. wax or scales in ear; dry ear wax.
siàri- vt. to remove dry ear wax. Variant: siàiiyaq-.
sii
n. sheefish. Stenodus leucichthys nelma.
Variant: shii.
sii- vi. to use one's strength; to exert effort. See:siààaqi-.
siigvik n. cutting board, board on which to split fish
lengthwise.
siiàáanäu- vi. to have heartburn; to have a sour taste
in one's mouth after belching.
Iirgauraanikapkich aqiaàuàa
siiàáanäuliqsuq. After I had swallowed it mystomach became sour.
siiàáiññaq n. anything sour, (such as pickles, vinegar,
lemons, etc.).
siiàáiññaq- vi. 1) to be sour; to be tart. 2) to be sweet.
siiàáit- vi. 1) to have an unpleasant (bitter) taste on
one's tongue. 2) disgusted.w/sweet, to feel sickfrom excess of sweet or sour.
siiàáit- vi. 1) to salivate from too sour or too sweet
food. 2) to make a wry face when eating

siiàáitsomething too sour, expression of distaste or
displeasure.
siiàáit- vt. to gorge, to cloy; to feed to excess, tooverindulge.
siiàáuakaaànaq- vi. to be sour, to be tart, to have a
sharp taste.
siiàáuakaaq- vt. to taste something tart, sour, sweet(e.g. ripe cranberries). See: mamaq-; mamait-.
siiàñaàluktuaq- vi. to be bitter. Piäaluguuq
tamaani inniqsuq imalik siiàñaàluktuamik
misruqqumik. There was a bowl filled withsoured juice.
siiàñaiyaun n. baking soda.
siiàñala- vi. to sting (of a wound, sore, cut, burn,etc.).
siiàñaq n. ripe fruit. Katillugich asriat
siiàñaqtuat. Gather the fruit, the ripened ones.
siiàñaq- vi. 1) to be sweet. Siiàñaaàniaqtuq
honey-tun qanipni. It will be sweet like honeyin your mouth. 2) to be sour; to be pungent. 3) tobe fermented.
siiàñaqsiaq n. 1) sourdough. 2) hotcake or biscuit(made of sourdough). 3) home-brew, homemade alcohol.
siiàñaqsirriq- vi. to make sourdough.
siiàñaqsiuvik n. sourdough pot.
siiàñaqtaaq n. something sweet, containing sugar(e.g. candy).
siiàñiq n. liquid which has seeped or oozed out.
siiàñiq- vi. to seep out; to ooze (of liquid). Syn:imaàiak-; kiñiq-; maqi-; siiqsuq-. See:
quàliaq-.
siiàñit- vi. to become sweet-sour.
siik- vi. 1) to split lengthwise. Talukuyaaq
agaayyuvikpaämi siiksiàniqsuq. The heavy
curtain in the temple split right away. 2) to cut
fish lengthwise for drying. See: siigvik.
siiáa- vi. to trickle, to leak out (of water). Syn: maqi-.
See: suvlik-.
siimak- vi. to be determined: to be marked by astrong desire to achieve something; to bemarked by a desire to excel someone's
expectations. Variant: siimai-.
siimasaaq- vt. 1) to motivate; to goad into action.
See: kipiàniuq-. Variant: siimasraaq-. 2) toinstill confidence, to encourage. Syn:araaqtuq-; kayuäiuti-; kiikaaqsruq-;
pitchuksaaq-; qapiäaisaaq-. See: nikanàiq-.
siimasraaq- vt. to urge, to encourage strongly, togoad. Taatnamik siimasaaàipsi
piisimaaquplusri timim pisugruaàutaaniñ.
Therefore, I urge you that you should stay awayfrom the desires of the body. See: kayuäiuti-;
kiikaaqsruq-. Variant: siimasaaq-.

sikkuksiimik- vt. to pin someone down (in wrestling). Syn:paa-.

siimmak- vi. 1) to become competitive. 2) to be

confident of being able to win or to perform.

siiñiaàvik n. time of shee fishing (or: place for sheefishing [sii]).

siiq- vi. 1) to ooze (of a sore), to exude moisture. Syn:siiàñiq-; siiqsuq-. 2) to leak (e.g. air fromsomething inflated). Syn: maqi-; siila-.
siiqsinniq n. 1) overflowing water from a crack in ice.
Syn: immaktinniq; qaaminniq. 2) area of
spreading liquid. See: qaaminniq; qaaptinniq.
3) fountainhead: a source of a stream or spring.
siiqsipkaq- vi. to sweat. Variant: siiqsukkaq-.
siiqsit- vi. to overflow (water to the top of ice througha crack). Syn: qaaptit-.
siiqsukkaq- vi. to sweat. Variant: siiqsipkaq-.
siiqsuq- vi. to ooze (of a sore). Syn: siiàñiq-. See:
imaàiak-; maqi-; quàliaq-.
siititiq- vi. to make a noise (of a squirrel).
siituvak n. whimbrel. Numenius phaeopus.
sik- vi. to shoot: to engage in hunting or the firing of
weapons. Syn: tapit-; pisik-.
siktaaq- to shoot repeatedly (with gun).
sikaaànait- vi. to be prohibited (of smoking).
sikaaànaq n. cigar. Variant: sikaaqpak.
sikaaàruaq n. cigarette butt.
sikaakuq n. cigarette ashes.
sikaakuvik n. ashtray. Variant: sikaaqaàvik.
sikaala- vi. 1) to sizzle. 2) to make a sound, as whenrending cloth. Variant: sikaatit-.
sikaaâallak- vi. to smoke heavily, steadily.
sikaaq n. cigarette.
sikaaq- vi. to smoke a cigarette.
sikaaqaàvik n. ashtray. Variant: sikaakuvik.
sikaaqpak n. cigar. Variant: sikaaànaq.
sikaatit- vi. to make a sound of rending cloth.
Variant: sikaala-.
sikarriq- vi. to light a cigarette.
sikhasaaq- vt. to console. Syn: arak-; araktuq-.
sikhatchauài- vt. to encourage. Syn: arak-;
araktuq-; pitchuksaaq-; siimasaaq-.
siki- vi. to lower one's head; to hang one's head. Syn:qiviäa-. Variant: sikit-.
sikit- vi. to bow down; to bow one's head; to bend
low. Iqsitchakhutiä aànat sikinniqsut
nunamun. Being frightened, the woman bowed
their heads to the ground. Syn: auàyuk-; put-.
See: paamàuq-.
sikkiqi- vi. to break up and start moving (of riverice). Syn: sikuliqiaqsi-; supi-. See:
aulayyauti-.
sikkuk n. pair of sled runners. Syn: aglu;
apummaak; misaktiq; siku.

192sikkuvik

siáaääaaq

sikkuvik n. October (K); September (C). Lit: 'icetime'.
sikãaq n. 1) pickaxe. 2) Orion (star constellation).
sikãaq- vi. to work with a pickaxe.
siksaànaq n. target game in firing range.
siksaq- vt. to shoot: to hit, wound, or kill with a
missile fired from a weapon.
siksuàaq n. target (for archery or target practice,firing). Syn: naksiàaq; pisiksuàaq.
siksraaq n. ground squirrel.
siksrik n. ground squirrel; arctic ground squirrel.
siksraiyaaq young ground squirrel.
siksrikpak n. hoary marmot.
siktuuk n. long boots, for winter (made from leg fursof two caribou). Syn: isiktuuk.
siku n. ice.
siku n. 1) drill bit. 2) base of a sled runner. Syn: aglu;
apummaak; misaktiq; sikkuk. 3) a spearheador arrowhead, made of stone.
siku- vi. to freeze over; to become icy.
sikuaq n. thin ice on lake, thin ice on river (fall).
sikuaq- vi. to become covered with thin ice at freezeup, to form thin ice on lakes or rivers at freezeup. Syn: qinuaq-.
sikugiiáiq- vi. to become thin and ready to break (icein spring). See: nakkaqtaqtuaq; sikuiáàuq.
sikuàlak n. 1) ice fog. Syn: sikunaq. 2) frozen rainon ground; hailstone.
sikuàlak- vi. 1) to freeze (of rain, when touching the
ground, forming a layer of ice). 2) to start
forming ice at freeze-up (fall), to hail.
sikuàliñiq n. ice formed from spilled water.
sikuiàvik n. May; ice break-up time.
sikuiáàuq n. open spot in the ice (spring). Syn:iááagauraq; nakkaqtaqtuaq. See: sikugiiáiq-.
sikuiq- vi. to be free of ice (of rivers or lakes inspring). Syn: tuvaiq-.
sikuiyasri- vi. to be on the verge of ice break-up.
Variant: sikuiyasi-.
sikulàamiuraq n. newly formed ice. Syn:sikuliuraq; sikutchiaq.
sikuliaàruaq n. ice (one and half feet thick).
sikuliaq n. new ice (not thick enough to walk on),young ice formed around edges and in between
larger sections of ice. Syn: sikulàmiuraq;
sikutchiaq. Variant: sikuliuraq.
sikuliqi- vt. to cut up ice (from freshwater lake earlyin fall for winter use).
sikuliqiaqsi- vi. to break up and start moving (ofriver ice). Kuuk sikuliqiaqsiruq. The river ice
is starting to break up. Syn: sikkiqi-; supi-. See:
aulayyauti-.
sikuliuraq n. newly formed ice. Syn:sikulàamiuraq; sikuliaq.

193

sikullautaq n. freshwater ice; good ice. Syn:piqaluyak.

sikullautaq- vi. to freeze into smooth ice (of river orlake).

sikuâaq n. hailstone.
sikumatarriq- vt. to set a net under ice.
sikunaq n. freezing fog, ice fog, ice crystals in the air.
Syn: taktugruaq; avyuàruaq; sikuàlak. See:aiááaq.
sikuq n. 1) cutting point or edge of a tool or weapon;
drill bit. 2) arrowhead. 3) primer (a cap
containing a small amount of explosive used todetonate the main explosive charge of a
firearm); an igniter. Syn: igniàun; ikniàun.
sikutaq n. 1) cache of ice blocks. 2) hole in the ice
for fetching water during the winter.
sikutaq- vt. to fetch ice (for drinking water), to fetch
water from hole in the ice.
sikutchiaq n. new ice. Variant: sikuliaq;
sikulàamiuraq.
sikutitchiaq n. seal (or other animal), left until
frozen before retrieving.
sikutuq- vi. to drink ice water.
sikuviñiq n. ice float, piece of ice.
Silivik n. October (time to make things, especiallyclothing). Variant: Sullivik.
siáa n. 1) weather; air; atmosphere. Syn: uyumiäa
nunam. 2) outdoors; sky.
siáaavyak (C) n. pancake; hotcake; flapjack.
siáaavyiun n. skillet.
siáagiit- vi. to be bad weather.
siáagik- vi. to be good weather.
siáagiksaaq n. good weather (blue sky).
siáaiàuti- vi. to lose consciousness of one's
surroundings. Syn: alapit-.
siáait- vt. to disregard time, to pay no attention towhether it is night or day. See: siáiäiq-; upit-.
siáali- vi. 1) to get a tan (of people). 2) to get fadedby the sun (of things).
siáaliqiri n. weatherman, person who predicts theweather.
siáalliàuaq n. 1) something furthest outside.
2) defense wall.
siáalliq n. 1) outer part. 2) neighbor; the one next door.
siáaluaq- vi. to rain lightly; to drizzle.
siáaluk n. rain; rainy weather. Variant: sialuk.
siáaluk- vi. to rain. Variant: sialuk-.
siáaluksiigauraq n. myrtle warbler. Dendroica
coronata. Syn: suäaqpaluktuäiq.
siáaluksiun n. raincoat. Syn: siáaääaaq.
siáam iñua n. forces of nature; spirit or governor of
the atmosphere. Lit: 'atmosphere's person'.
siáaääaaq n. raincoat; a rain parka (made frombearded seal intestine). Syn: siáaluksiun.

siáaqâuksiáaqâuk n. rainstorm; bad weather.
siáaqâuk- vi. to be stormy and rainy.
siáasiun n. thermometer (for weather). Variant:siáasriun.

siáataa n. right side (piece of fabric).
siáati pos.base. area outside. Atqautiniàaat

siáatmun aämanàagun katchiqpaum. Theylowered him to the outside through an opening
in the big wall.
siáataani at the outside. Peter aquppiñiqsuq
siáataani igluqpaum. Peter sat down outside of
the palace.
siáataaniñ from outside. Isaaàaqtuaq iñuämun
siáataaniñ qaayuànaqsiraàutauäitchuq.
What goes into a person from outside does notcorrupt him.
siáataanun to outside. Iginniàaat siáataanun
nautchiivium. They through him to outside of
the garden.
siáatiàuaq n. cloak, outer garment, such as a cape.
Mattaqtinniàaat kaviqsaaq siáatiàuaq. They
stripped him of the purple cloak.
siáatmun pos.adv. outward, away from a central
point. Syn: anitmun.
siáatqut- vi. to pass outside a house; to pass by ahouse. Syn: kilutqut-.
siáàiqsuq- vt. to give sound advice, to give direction(older person to younger); to correct someone's
misunderstanding, to warn of consequences ofbad behavior. Syn: alàaqsruq-. Variant:isiáàiqsuq-.
siáàiqsuqti n. board member. Syn: isiáàiqsuqti.
siái n. sense. See: isuma; qauàri.
siái- vi. to sharpen with a whetstone. Syn: ipiksaq-;
itäik-.
siáiagaq- vi. to soar with wings outstretched. Syn:tiämi-.
siáiak- vi. to float on the wind.
siáiapyaäaaq- vi. to be absent minded. Syn:alapyaäaaq-.
siáik- vi. to be wide. Samma kuugum paaäani
siáiksiáiqtuq. Downriver at the mouth of theriver it gets wide all of a sudden.
siáiäiq- vi. to be heedless, to be thoughtless. See:siáaiàuti-.
siáiäiq- vt. to disregard, to act without thinking.
Putu siáiäiqsuq uqaqman. Putu didn't think
when he talked. See: siáait-.
siáivla- vi. to overflow. Syn: qaaptit-; ulipkaula-;
ulivla-; usiàaq-. See: siqi-; ukpitaala-.
siááiñ n. whetstone; a knife sharpener. Syn:ikpiksaun; kigiñaksaun.
siááiq n. hard crusty snow (good for house building).
Syn: sitáiq.

simmiáiutisiáu

n. carcass of a sea mammal, drifted ashore.
Variant: siáuaàruk.
siáuaàruk n. sea mammal drifted ashore (somewhat
decomposed). Variant: siáu.
siáuk- vi. to cross over by holding on to somethingover one's head and raising one's legs. Variant:siáuktaq-.
siáut- vi. to find a carcass (of a sea mammal) driftedashore. See: tiprak-. Variant: siáuli-.
simaaqsi- vi. to become green (of land).
simik n. 1) diaphragm. 2) stopper cork.
simik- vi. to choke on something. Syn: niàiáik-;tivusiq-.
simik- vt. to stop, to block, to cork, to plug an
opening.
simiksuun n. breathing hole: a mound of earth put
through the surface of thin ice of a small lake ora rivulet. This has a hole in the core of themound. The muskrat, otter, or beaver, uses it inwinter as a breather hole and as a place to eat.
similàuaqsri- vi. to speak with a stuffy nose("through the nose"). Syn: uminäatchi-.
simiqsi- vi. to become discolored.
simiqtaaq n. 1) yellowness. Syn: suäaqpaluk.
2) discolored item, something which has been
discolored.
simmai- vi. to substitute. Syn: simmausiq-;
simmiuruaq-.
simmaun n. deuce, at cards. Variant:simmaugauraq.
simmaun n. substitute, person to take another's place.
Variant: simmiáiun.
simmausiq- vt. to replace, to substitute. See:simmiusriq-.
simmiàaaq- vt. to change clothes. Syn:akiaàaqtaaq-.
simmiksrit- vt. to return change. Tauqsiàñiaqtim
simmiksritkaa. The storekeeper returnedchange to him.
simmiáiaksraq- vi. to obtain or receive (something)on a loan with the promise or understanding ofreturning all of it or its equivalent.
simmiáiaksraqtuaq n. creditor, lender, person towhom money (or its equivalent) is owed.
Malàuk iññuk simmiáiaksraqtuàvik
akiqsruumaniàaak maniäñik. Two men
owed a creditor money. Syn: akiqsruumaruaq.
Variant: simmiáiaksraqtuàvik.
simmiáiq- vi. to make an exchange, to return theequivalent of something borrowed (returning
another item).
simmiáiun n. substitute, person to take another'splace. Syn: simmaun.
simmiáiuti- vi. to succeed another, to come next in194simmiãiq

sipaaq-succession, to follow after another. Qichaq
simmiáiutiruq Putumun. Qichaq succeeds
Putu.
simmiãiq n. change.
simmiq n. exchange; substitute. Syn:
upaluàiitkutaq. Variant: simmiun.
simmiq- vi. to exchange. Variant: simmiusriq-.
simmiun n. substitute, exchange. Tarra
simmiutiksraitchaa iñuum iñuutchii. Thereis nothing in exchange for a man's soul. Variant:simmiq; upaluàiitkutaq.
simmiuruaq- vi. to substitute. Variant: simmai-;simmausiq-; simmiusriq-.
simmiusriq- vi. to exchange; to substitute. Variant:simmausiq-; simmiq- ; simmiuruaq-.
siñaaqsruk- vi. to wheeze, to breathe heavily(audibly) while sleeping. Variant:siñaaqsruaàik-.
siñaavri- vi. to keep dozing off. Variant: siñivri-.
siñguänaq n. sleeping pill (used to relieve
insomnia); sedative, narcotic. Syn: siñiänaq.
siñgutnaq n. pair of pajamas.
siñi n. 1) edge; shore, riverbank. 2) parka ruff. Syn:isiàvik. 3) fur trim at the bottom of a parka.
siñigniuraaq- vi. to be on the verge of sleep.
siñigviich n. bed. Kia iñuum iáitlaitchaa naniq
ataatnun siñigviich. Nobody will place a lightunder the bed.
siñigvik n. sleeping place; pallet.
Jesus-muutriaqsipáutiä atniàñaqtuanik
akiyaqhutiä siñigviksuummaisa. They began
taking their sick people to Jesus carrying themon their pallets. Syn: igáiq; kivalliq.
siñik- vi. to sleep.
siñikpak- vi. to oversleep.
siñiksraq n. part of fur which is stripped and used forparka trimming at bottom, cuffs, and ruff. See:isiàviksrat.
siñiktaq- vi. to sleep in another's house; to stayovernight.
siñiktukkaaqsi- vi. to fall asleep, to drift into sleep.
Syn: siquaqsi- (C). See: uiñàaliq-.
siñiktukkaq- vi. to be asleep. Syn: siqu-.
siñiktukkatqik- vi. to go back to sleep.
siñiänaq n. sleeping pill (used to relieve insomnia);
sedative, narcotic. Syn: siñguänaq.
siñiänialiq- vi. to be sleepy, to be half-asleep. Syn:uiñàaliq-.
siñiqsraq- vi. 1) to travel along the shore.
Piyaqniuâikun siñiqsraqtuaqâugu
tikiáàataàikput qamannillautaàvik.
Traveling along the coast with difficulty, we
finally reached a wind-sheltered (harbor). 2) totravel around villages. Tamatkua

195

suviàiiàaâiàmik siñiqsraâikun tupiàni
iáitchigisirut. They will learn wasting time byvisiting around in houses. Syn: igliàaq-. 3) to go
in and out of houses, stopping briefly.
Siñiqsraqâugich iliäisa tupiäich. He went inand out of each of their houses. See:isiqattaaq-; qaiqattaaq-.
siñiqsraq- vt. to collect charitable contributions(going from house to house).
siñiqsrauti- vi. to take someone from place to place;to show someone around.
siñivri- vi. to keep dozing off. Variant: siñaavri-.
siñivriala- vi. to doze off. Syn: siqu-.
siññaàik- vi. to be sound asleep.
siññaàluk- vi. to have a bad dream, to have anightmare; to sleep fitfully. Variant:siññaqtuumaqâuk-.
siññaqtuq n. dream.
siññaqtuq- vi. to dream.
siññaqtuumaqâuk- vi. to have nightmares, to have a
bad dreams. Variant: siññaàluk-.
siñäutnaak n. pair of pajamas.
siñäutnaq n. nightgown.
siäai- vi. to be pregnant (of human). Variant:siäaiyau-.
siäaiyaaq n. human fetus.
siäaiyau- vi. to be pregnant (of humans). Syn: siäai-;narri-, narrak-, iññi-. See: iáummiutchiq-.
siäiàñiq n. ankle.
siäiq n. mukluk ankle strap; boot lace; shoelace.
siäiq- vt. to tie one's shoelaces or mukluk strings.
siäisruk- vi. 1) to feel ill at ease about one's own
action or about that of another close to oneself.
Syn: tutqaasruk-. 2) to be embarrassed about
oneself or another.
siäit- vt. to push into; to pursue. Iáitchuàikami
siäitautilaaàmiñik, maliqsruaqsiñiàaa
aànaq. When he realized that he had been
thrown down, he began to pursue the woman.
siäiuq- vi. to become untied, to come loose (of bootstraps, shoelaces or mukluk strings).
siääiq n. 1) calf muscle of a caribou. See:kanasruänaq. Variant: siäñiq. 2) calf of leg(especially of caribou). Variant: siäñiq.
siäuk- vi. 1) to strain to evacuate bowels; to start tourinate. 2) to strain (in labor contractions atchild birth), to push forward with abdominal
muscles (in the effort of child birth).
siäuktit- vi. to become red from exertion or illness.
See: siäutniq.
siäutluluuq n. varied thrush. Ixoreus naevius.
siäutniq n. swelling on the body from exertion,
redness in face from exertion. See: siäuktit-.
sipaaq- vt. to enlarge, to add a section on the side ofsipi-

siqpiksomething. Syn: iáalaaq-; igáu-. See: tapiq-.

siqiãhatit- vt. to slap hard with its tail (of beaver).

or during birth (of a fetus; mythical). Variant:sipáuq-.
sipik n. flat tail (of a fish or bird); a caudal fin. Syn:papiàuq. See: pamiuq; papik.
sipiksaq- vi. 1) to come undone; to slip off. Syn:kiviáiq-. 2) to grow suddenly; "shoot up".
sipiq- vt. to exceed the prescribed amount; to go overa limit; to have an excess.
sipit- vi. to receive more than one expected, or needed,
to have an abundance. Aatchuàumiñaàaasri
sipillugu inuàikkaqsi. He certainly will give
you what you need and more.
sipit- vt. to exceed, to do more than what is needed.
Piyumiñaqtutilaaàmikni aatchuàuurut
sipitluguunniiñ. They gave what they could,
even exceeding that.
sipkiq- vi. 1) to burst out laughing. 2) to appear, toemerge out of the ground (of a plant), to shootup out of the ground. Syn: nau-.
sipáuq- vi. to change from male to female in thewomb or during birth (of a fetus; mythical). Syn:sipi. Variant: sipyuq-.
sippaku n. leftover, surplus, extra change after
purchasing. Iáirirut sippakuuqtuaqhutiä.
They contributed out of their abundance.
Variant: sippaq.
sippaq n. 1) zipper. 2) leftover, surplus, extra change
after purchasing. Akuqtuam sippaäa qaitkaa
uqqiraqtinun. Part of the proceeds he gave tothe apostles. Syn: akkutchiaq; iáaku; kippaku.
Variant: sippaku.
sippaq- vi. to zip.
sippun n. gun; rifle. Syn: nuqitaànaq; suppun; tati.
Variant: suppun.
sipquqtaq n. tobacco pipe.
sipquqtaq- vi. to smoke a tobacco pipe.
sipyaaq n. a hipbone; thighbone.
siqanàun n. skillet; frying pan.
siqi- vi. to splash. See: siáivla-; usiàaq-.
siqigaq- vt. to splash someone.
siqigaula- vi. to sprinkle; to splatter. Syn: qipsalik-.
Variant: siqiááak-.
siqigautraq- vt. to splash one another.
siqiááak- vt. to sprinkle, to splatter. Moses-äum
siqiááaäniàaa auk ipqitchuamun inimun.
Moses sprinkled blood into the holy place. See:kanàaala-; kanàaqsruq-, siamit-. Variant:siqigaula-.
siqiááakti n. sprinkler. Variant: siqiááaktuun.
siqiááaktiq- vi. to sprinkle liquid.
siqiááaktuun n. sprinkler (tool to distribute water
evenly). Variant: siqiááakti.

Siqiñaasrugruk n. January. Lit: 'first appearance ofsipi- vi. to change from male to female in the womb

Syn: mapkutit-. See: patik-.

sun'. Variant: siqiññaatchiaq.

Siqiñaatchiaq n. December. Lit: 'no sunshine'.
Variant: siqiñàiáaq.

siqiñàiáaq n. December. Lit: 'one lacking sunshine'.
Syn: uvluiáaq.

siqiñàuraq n. clock.
siqiñiq n. sun.
siqiññaaàik- vi. to be bright; to shine (of the sun).

Siqiñini siqiññaaàiksitkaa pigiitchuanunlu
nakuuruanunlu. He lets his sun shine for the
wicked and the good [people]. Uvluq
qitiqquqman siqiññaaàiäaiàñiqsuq. About
the middle of the day the sunshine diminished.
Syn: kirratchiaq-.
siqiññak- vi. to lengthen (of days). Lit: 'get moresun'.
siqiññaraaàuraq n. sunbeam; sunshine.
siqiññaraaàuraq- vi. to peek (of sun).
siqña- vi. 1) to be jealous, to be possessive (as atoddler, being jealous of a newborn receiving all
the attention; as a lover wants to be with theother person alone); to feel protective oversomeone who is being scolded or punished;.
Iñuksraqtaaàinàisapkun
siqñaliqsitkisigipsi. I will let you become
jealous about [people] whom I have not chosen.
Syn: iàáik-; tusu-. 2) to refuse to share; to be
stingy. Syn: anniqsraq-; iàáiktu-. 3) to be
greedy, to be covetous. Syn: piññatluguk-.
siqñagi- vt. 1) to covet; to envy. Syn: iàáikkuti-;
killuài-; kimigi-; piáiñàu-. 2) to guard
something vigilantly. Siqñagipiaàipsi
Agaayyun siqñaqsripmatun ilipsitñik. I
jealously guard you like God is protective ofyou. Variant: siqñasri-.
siqñatait- vi. to be generous (not stingy).
siqñatauâiq n. 1) jealousy (resentful desire foranother's advantages); covetousness.
Munaàititchi siqñaktauâiàmiñ! Guard against
covetousness. 2) greed (excessive desire toacquire or possess more than what one needs ordeserves).
siqñatu- vi. to be stingy by nature.
siqñaturuaq n. greedy person. Siqñaturuat
qiáaämukkumiñaitchut. The greedy willcertainly not go to heaven.
siqpala- vi. to wriggle, to turn and twist the body.
Aqaluk siqpalaruq kuvrami. The fish is
wriggling in the net.
siqpati n. blubber for stove fuel.
siqpik n. eyelash.

196

siqpiämik-sisuàaaq-

siqpiämik- vi. to close one's eyes slowly (in ill

feeling: disgust, anger, dislike). Syn:qiksumiraaq-. See: siqunàiq-. Variant:siqpiämiglugaq-.
siqpitit- vi. 1) to splash very hard. 2) to make asplashing sound. Syn: sivanaula-.
siqqaq- vt. to throw things out into the water.
Variant: siqqai-.
siqquäuluk- vi. to be hard (surface, wood, etc.).
siqquq- vi. 1) to be hard; to be tough, strong. 2) to beopinionated, not easily persuaded; to be hard toconvince otherwise. Uummatisi siqquqtut
iyaàaqtun. Your hearts are as hard as stone.
siqquqsi- vi. 1) to tense up (from fright, anger,
anticipation, etc.). Kaäiqsitáaisimarut
isrummatmiktigun siqquqsipkaqâugich.
They did not understand and became hardenedin their minds. Syn: manäaiqsruq-;
siqquqsima-; tupinäa-. 2) to harden, tobecome hard. Syn: siqquqsipkaq-.
siqquqsima- vi. to be tense because of impending
unpleasantness; to be "tied up in knots". Syn:tupinäa-.
siqquqsipkaq- vt. to temper, to harden (e.g. iron).
Syn: aäisit-.
siqquqtaq n. hard wood.
siqsu- vi. to have great fortitude; to bear pain nobly.
Variant: isiqsu-.
siqu- vi. 1) to be closed (of eyes). Makua iñuich
iritiä siquniqsut. The eyes of these people areclosed Syn: siqunàiq-. 2) to be asleep, to havefallen asleep. Syn: siñiktukkaq-.
siquaqsi- vi. to fall asleep. Syn: siñiktukkaaqsi-.
siqumit- vt. to crush; to tear down, destroy; to break
up. Siqumitkaa avgutauruam katchiäa
tuqukami saniàutami. He broke down thewall of division when he died on the cross. Syn:akat-; maqut-; piyaquq-; suksraunàiq-.
Variant: suqumit-.
siqummaq n. fragment, small part broken off ordetached. Variant: siqummiuraq.
siqummaq- vi. to shatter, to burst. See:
qipsagaala-.
siqummaq- vt. to cause to break, to shatter withrepeated action. Syn: navguq-; kanivaala-.
siqummiuraq n. 1) dime; nickel; any coin. 2) small
fragment. Variant: siqummaq.
siqunàipak- vi. to wink; to blink; to flinch (of eyes).
Syn: siquvyuuktaq-.
siqunàipaktaq- to blink eyes repeatedly.
siqumiàaq- to wink many times.
siqunàiq- vi. to close one's eyes; to bow one's headand close one's eyes (as when praying). Syn:siqu-. See: qiksumiraaq-; siqpiämik-.

197

siqupsi- vt. to damage, to tear up; to break somethingup; to rip something. Malàuk aànak
siqupsiruak mukkaaksramik. Two women
were grinding wheat [into flour]. Syn: agak-;piiyaqtai-; piyaquâuk-.
siqupsiàat n. Ursa Minor; Little Dipper (starconstellation). Variant: siqupsiqqat.
siqupsiñ n. meat grinder. Syn: takkuutik;
tammuun.
siqupsiqqat n. Pleiades (constellation).
siqupti- vi. to be broken, to be crushed. Una
qaqqiaq timigigiga siquptauruaq ilipsitñun.
This bread is my body which is broken for you.
siquptiq- vt. to break something up; to crush
something.
siqutniq- vi. to wink with one eye (deliberately, as toconvey a message, signal, or suggestion). Syn:iquraq-.
siqutqik- vi. 1) to take a nap. 2) to go back to sleep.
siquttit- vi. to snap with a loud noise.
siquupiq n. cover parka (bottom part sewn of pieces
in different design).
siquv- vt. to crush, to break, to destroy.
Aäalataaàlugich iñuum siquvraàipmatun
qiku iáulik. Ruling them like when a man isdestroying pots of clay. Variant: siqup-.
siquvyak- vi. to squint. Variant: siquvyuk-.
siquvyaktaq- blink.
siquvyuaài- vi. to twinkle (stars in clear night).
Uvluàiat pakma siquvyuaàilgiññiqsut. The
stars are blinking again now.
siquvyuk- vi. to squint. Variant: siquvyak-.
siquvyuuktaq- vi. to blink with one's eyes. Syn:siqunàipak-.
siraatchiaq n. 1) string of dried fish. 2) whitefish.
Syn: aanaakâiq; qaalàiq; qalupiaq;
qalusraaq; qausriáuk; quptik; tipuk.
sirraq n. split section of garment or skin.
sisamakipiaq n. eighty.
sisamakipiaq qulit n. ninety.
sisamalik n. 1) wall tent (8' x 10', four panels long).
2) ship with four masts.
sisamat n. four.
Sisammiiâiq n. Thursday.
sisi n. mouse hole; a burrow.
sisiq n. burrow; a den; a cave.
sisit n. snow (entering through a crack).
sisu n. slide.
sisu- vi. to slide; to glide down (once). Syn: saiáài-.
sisuaq n. white whale (also called beluga).
Delphinopterus leucas.
sisugiaq- vi. to have a wet burp (of a baby).
sisuàaaàutik n. child's sled.
sisuàaaq- vi. to be out sliding (on snow). Variant:sisulasisuqhaaq- (C).

sisula- vi. to flow rapidly. See: quàmi-.
sisuqhaaq- (C) vi. to be out sliding (on snow).
Variant: sisuàaaq- (C).

sisuraàautit n. child's sled ; sliding sled.
sisuuk n. snow slide, avalanche.
sisuuk- vi. to slide down (layer of snow, masses ofearth). Syn: uukkaaq-.

sitaakiq n. sock (store-bought).
sitchiq- vi. to soak through. Variant: sitchiqsruuti-.
sitchuq- vi. to sit with legs outstretched on a flat

surface (floor, bed). Syn: sitchuqsimaaq-.
Variant: sitchuäa-.
sitchuqsimaaq- vi. to sit on floor with legs crossedat ankles. Syn: qaliàiiksimaaq-;
saqpiáuksimaaq-. See: qaapaaksimaaq-.
sitáiq n. hard crusty snow. Syn: siááiq.
sitqiñiq n. knee of trousers (baggy from wear).
Variant: sitqiñi; sitquni.
sitquaq n. kneecap; patella.
sitquaq- vi. to break at the knee.
sitquaq- vt. to injure the knee; to hurt the knee. See:piyaquâuk-.
sitquàmik- vi. to press down with one's knees. Syn:naqitaq-.
sitquàun n. knee warmers; knee pads.
sitquàvigi- vt. 1) to kneel in deferential regard, tovenerate. Auyugaqtualgum utlakami
sitquàviginiàaa sivuàaanun. Then a lepercame and he knelt down before him. 2) toworship. Aggiqsugut
sitquàvigityaqtuaqâugu. We have come toworship him.
sitqummiraq- vi. to prostrate (oneself). Sisamat
umialiänat sitqummiraàniqsut
sivunàaanun. The four elders prostrated
themselves before him.
sitquq n. 1) knee. 2) hind flipper of seal. See:avatraq; taliàuq.
sitquq- vi. to kneel. Sitquqhutiä nanàaàaat
Agaayyun. Kneeling down they praised God.
Tavrakäa aullaqtaallakhuni sitquqhuni
agaayuniqsuq. Going on from there a little
further, he knelt down and prayed.
siuàruk n. primer stove, pressure stove (fueled bywhite gas). Syn: ittugluuraq.
siuàruk- vi. 1) to make a hissing, whistling noise (asa teakettle, or pressure stove). Variant:siuàrula-. 2) to make a distant, indistinct
hissing or whistling noise in the air (as of windor northern lights). Syn: siula-.
siuàruktuaq n. hiss of wind; hiss of pressure stove.
Tusaagaqsiáiàniàaat siuàruktuaq
pakmakäa. Suddenly they heard a strong hisssivu
of wind from above. Variant: siuàrula.

siuàrula n. hissing sound. Variant: siuàruktuaq.
siuàrula- vi. to hiss. Variant: siuàruk-.
siuàruäniq n. sound (e.g. of wind). Tusraatlaginanuàim siuàruäniäa. You can hear the soundof the wind.
siula- vi. 1) to make sound of air escaping; hiss. 2) tomake a whistling sound (of a marmot). Variant:siuq-.
siulik n. Northern Pike. Esox lucius.
siun n. ear. Lit: 'he has no ears'. Putu
siutaisimaruq. Putu is apparently not listening.
siusiqi- vi. to operate an ear; to treat an earache.
siutigiit- vi. to have an earache. Variant: siutinäu-.
siutiàu n. seashell.
siutiàun n. hearing aid.
siutiàutik n. pair of earrings.
siutiàun earring (one).
siutiääuaq n. dried apple. Lit: 'play ears'.
siutnaq n. tobacco pipe. Syn: supuqtaq.
siutäuraq n. ear cavity.
siutuquyuk n. mollusk; a shell.
siuyukpalik n. long-billed dowitcher. Limnodromus
scolopaceus.
sivanau- vi. to ring (sound in ears): to hear apersistent humming or buzzing.
sivanaula- vt. to make a splashing sound (boatmoving through water). Syn: siqpitit-.
sivaniq n. splashing sound (made by water against
the stern of a traveling boat).
sivaraaq n. liquid fat (boiled blubber or tissue
containing fat); melted fat.
sivàiq- vt. to choose selfishly (look for one's
advantage). Syn: isivàiq-; nalunaiqsi-;
piksraq-; umiàuq-. Variant: sivàii-.
sivikisuuraq n. short amount of time; very little,
short time.
sivikit- vi. to be of short duration; to take little time.
See: sivisu-; sivikisuuraq.
sivisu- vi. to be of long duration; to take a long time.
See: sivikit-; sivisuuraq.
sivisuuraq n. long amount of time; long time.
sivit- vt. to extend fully; to spread. 2) to unwind (ofthread); to flatten, to lay flat. Syn: isivit-.
sivruk- vi. to whisper. Syn: uqauraq-. Variant:isivruk-.
sivu pos.base. front, before. Syn: sivuq.
sivuani earlier. Sivuaniimma Putum
tigupkaàniàaa Qatuk. Earlier Putu had Qatuk
arrested.
sivuanun to the front of; ahead of.
Aqpaqsruàniqsuq sivuatnun iñugaaàruich.
He ran ahead of the crowd.
sivuagun in front of. Iñugayaat pisuktuat

198

sivu

sivuq

sivuagun Putum. Many people walked in frontof Putusivu n. 1) bow of umiaq. 2) front part.
sivu- vi. to be in front. Syn: saa-; saamiutaq-;
salliu-.
sivuaniq n. original state, first condition.
sivuàaàlugun n. foreleg sinew. See:kikmitquuttaq; kiñuàaàlugun.
sivuàaàluk n. front leg.
sivuàalgich n. woman's caribou dress pants.
sivuàaligaak n. woman's long boots (made ofsummer leg skin of caribou with white stripes
and aquptitak bottoms).
sivuàaq n. the space in front of something.
sivuàaq n. incisor: a cutting tooth, the front tooth. Pl:
sivuqqat.
sivuàun n. 1) front part of sled. See: apuàun;
asiàñiq; asriàñiq; asriutaq. 2) trim on bootfront top, on toe area. Syn: ikutaq; quli;qupak.
sivukkiq- vi. to point straight ahead.
sivukkiqsi- vi. to straighten.
sivulik- vt. to surpass; to excel; to best, to beatsomeone. Syn: iäiaq-.
sivulikkatautraq n. person who surpasses anotheror who excels over another; a person who bests
or beats someone. Syn: iäiaqatautraq.
sivulliat n. ancestors. Lit: 'the first ones: the ones
leading [through history]'. Ki naatchiuä
sivulliapsi aullaàniikkaäat. Go ahead thenand complete what your forefathers have begun.
Syn: maääuat.
sivulliq n. 1) the first one. Sivulliq Simon
taiguutiqaqtuaq Peter-mik. The first one[was] Simon whom he called Peter. Qanàaniñ
sivullium aqaluum niksiksaqpich... From themouth of the first fish of your catch... 2) leader.
Syn: sivulliuqti. 3) beginning. Syn:aullaàniiãiq.
sivulliq- vt. to lead along; to coax sled dogs. Syn:aullati-. Variant: sivulliqsruq-.
sivulliqsri n. 1) person who walks in front of dogs.
2) lead dog. Variant: sivulliqsruqti.
sivulliqsruq- vt. to lead along; to coax dogs. Variant:sivulliq-.
sivulliu- vi. to be first. Iñugiaktuat sivulliuruat
pakma aqulliàuàisirut. Many who are first
now will become the last.
sivulliun n. guidance.
sivulliuq- vt. 1) to direct a meeting (e.g. Wednesday
prayer meetings). 2) to guide, to steer, tosupervise, to lead ahead.
sivulliuqti n. 1) leader, one who leads. Ilipsitñiñ
sivulliuqti aggiàisiruq. A leader will come199

from you. Ayauäaruani sivulliuqtaurut
ayauäaplutiä. Blind ones are leaders of [those
who are] blind. Syn: sivulliq. 2) lead dog.
sivulliuqtiàruaq n. council man; elder. Syn:uqaqsitaaqtitchiri ; kasimmatriri.
sivulliuqtit- vt. to lead. Iáiágaaàillapiaàai
Agaayyutim tamatkua sivulliuqtittuat
Ipqitchuamun Irrutchimun. They are really
God's children, those whom the Holy Spirit
leads.
sivulliuti- vt. to guide. Sivulliutiniaqasigut
uuktuaqsiuâiàmun. Do not guide us into atesting period.
sivuniksraq n. prophecy.
sivuniksriqiääuaqti n. false prophet. Syn:taäiàiáaakun sivuniksriqiri.
sivuniksriqiri n. prophet.
sivuniksriqiri- vi. to prophesy, to predict.
sivuniksriqirim uqauttutigikkaäa n.
prophecy. Lit: 'the prophet's words about ...'.
sivuniqsi- vt. to predict.
sivuniqtuuq- vi. to be obstinate.
sivunniàaq- vi. 1) to judge. 2) to assume; to have apreconceived notion. "planning another's
future".
sivunniq n. future; fate. Iñuuâiq sivunniàmi
tikiumaraksrani. Life in the future that is tocome. Paa aäiruq sivunniqaqtuaq
piyaqquàviksramun. The gate is wide which
has destruction as its fate.
sivunniq- vt. to decide. Sivulliuqtipta
sivunniàñiàaat kikiaktuutitquplugu. Ourleaders decided that he [someone] should crucify
him.
sivunniuàun n. purpose; plan of action.
sivunniun n. decision.
sivunniuq- vi. to plan; to counsel, to deliberate.
Anipmaknik sivunniuqtaullakhutiä itna:
When the two had left, they deliberated like this:sivuäiq- vi. 1) to forestall. 2) to precede, to dosomething before someone else.
sivuq pos.base. before, front of. Syn: sivu.
sivuàaani before, in front of. Jesus
atlaäuàniqsuq sivuàaatni. Jesus changed in
front of them. Aullaàisiruäa sivupsitñi
Galilee-mun aäitqianikkuma. I will go before
you to Galilee after I came to life again
sivuàaanun before, to the front of.
Sitquàviginiàaat sivuàaanun iáiágauraq.
They knelt down [in adoration] before the child.
sivuàaanuk- vi. to come before, to go to the frontof. Aäutim tautukamiuä Jesus
sivuàaanuäniqsuq. When the man saw Jesus,
he went before him.

sivutsivuàaäiuti- vt. to present before. Taipkua

uvuäa sivuàaäiutiruksraugaluaqtut ilipnun.
They should have come here to present [theircase] before you.
sivut- vi. to navigate; to direct the tiller man of aboat.
sivutmun pos.adv. forward.
sivutmuu- vi. 1) to be obstinate, to be head strong;
to be stubborn. 2) to move forward; to keep on
going.
sivutmuuniaq- to persist (of a Christian), topress forward.
sivuuàa- vi. to be afraid; to fear something; to beapprehensive; to have a premonition. Syn: iqsi-;
manäait-; naäiaq-; nuyuaài-; qapiya-;qikisu-; tatamaa.
sivuuàanaq- vi. to be fear-inspiring; to be terrible.
sivvuq- vi. to wring out.
siyyuàun n. dog muzzle, restraining applicance fordogs. Syn: ivraàun.
siyyuk- vi. to pout, to protrude one's lip forward,
showing displeasure. Syn: sigguk-.
siyyukpaligauraq n. 1) dunlin. Erolia Alpina.
2) red-backed sandpiper. Erolia Alpina pacifica.
siyyukpalik n. long-billed dowitcher. Limnodromus
scolopaceus.
siyyuuk 1) n. protruding mouth and lips of an animal,
snout, muzzle. Syn: umilàuq. Variant:sigguuk. 2) beak; bill of a bird. Variant:sigguuk.
siyyuk one mandible of beak (of bird).
siyyuum kipiäaruq n. white-winged crossbill.
Loxia leucoptera.
skuaàruaq n. barge. Syn: paachaq.
su- base. question base: what?
sua? what?; what's that?; huh?
sugnamiñ from what direction?
sukniqpa from which direction is the windblowing?
sukun? by which way? by what means?
suliaqpich? What brings you here? What did
you come to do? What are you up to?
sumik? what (is it)? (focus on object).
sumiñ? from where? from what?
suvich? what are you presently doing?
sua what?; what's that?; huh? See: su-.
suaguti- vt. to scold someone. used when someone
other than the person in charge scolds thewrongdoer.
suaàruich n. 1) possessions. 2) necessities.
suakataala- vt. to nag (fault finding in mean way).
Syn: suaämik-; uqaala-.
suakataq- vt. to scold. Syn: suak-; suaguti-;
suallak-; suaämik-. See: avutqak-.

suàuksuakataqti n. person who scolds. Variant: suakti.
sua-li excl. what things then? implied: which things"are you talking about"?

suallak- vi. to become excited over something. Syn:
upit-.

suallak- vt. to scold slightly. Syn: avutqak-;suakataq-; suaguti-; suaämik-.

sualuk n. old item, item that is not good.
suama- vi. to be strong (of wind).
suamait- vi. to be calm (of wind). Syn: qasuaq-;
quunniq-.

suammak- vi. 1) to become strong again (of wind).
2) to work better.

suaäa- vi. to be strong.
suaäait- vi. to be weak.
suaämik- vt. to scold; to nag repeatedly. Syn:suakataala-; suakataq-; uqaala-.

suaääak- vi. to gain strength; to become healthy.
suaääan n. power.
suaqâuiq- vt. to clean, to remove filth.
suaqâuk n. trash; unusable things.
suaqâukuvik n. trash can.
suaqâuu- vi. to be dirty, to be filthy.
suataaq n. wood trap attachment (stick from tree or

willow to which an animal trap is attached toprevent an animal from escaping with the trap).
suginàiq- vi. to risk. Lit: 'don't care'. Syn:suksraaài-.
sugnamiñ? quest. from what direction? See: su-.
suàaiáaq n. open meadow, bare land.
suàait- vi. to be bare (of land: free from brush andtrees, etc.). See: qattaq-.
suàait- vi. 1) to be whole; to be complete; to be uncut,
to be undivided (often of an entire carcass). 2) tobe well; to be healthy. Syn: sayak-; tauttuàik-.
suàaliq n. thing; wealth; treasure; property.
suàaliqpik n. warehouse. Syn: suàautaqaàvik.
suàallak- vi. to become wealthy; to acquire property.
suàautat n. 1) supplies; necessities. Syn: suurat.
2) possessions; belongings of a traveler. Putu
suàuataisuqtuq. Putu came and picked up his
belongings. Variant: suàusrit.
suàliq n. horned grebe. Podiceps auritus.
suàlitchauraq n. red-necked grebe. Podiceps
grisegena.
suàlu n. nasal cavity.
suàluq n. nasal passage; nasal cavity.
suàmik- vi. to squirt, to spurt. Syn: supuqhiaq-;
supuulauq-.
suàruich n. war party; group of fighters.
suàruk n. warrior; fighter. Syn: aäuyakti;
aäuyyiaqtauq; aäuyyiuqti.
suàruk- vt. 1) to assault; to attack. 2) to scold harshly.
suàuk- vi. to fight; to wrestle.

200

suàusritsulliñiq

suàusrit n. 1) supplies; necessities. 2) possessions;belongings of a traveler. Variant: suàusrich;suàuatat.
suiàuti- vi. to be ruined, to have been stripped of all
one's possessions.
suiáaaq n. wilderness.
suiáaaq adv. for nothing; in vain. Iáisimagiksi
savautriâiqsi inàiâha suiáaamun. You knowthat your service is not for nothing.
Iáitchuàianikkaqsi tikiumaâiqput ilipsitñun
suiáaakun inàiãha. You have recognized that
our coming to you was not in vain. Savaaqput
suiáaamun innasugalugu. [Thinking that] All
our work might be for naught.
suiáauri- vt. 1) to do something secretly; to keep
something hidden. Syn: pitqiksiàaq-. 2) todeny, to contradict; to disavow. Syn: aääigi-;
itqunait-; piiáaaq-.
suiáái- vi. to relax after being busy; to rest.
suiq- vi. to have no more things; to be lacking(belongings or possessions). Suiááapiaqmiuàlu.
He too was in dire need.
suka- vi. to be fast.
sukaiááutaq n. hindrance. Syn: inaviqqutaq;
iñaviqqutaq.
sukait- vi. to be slow. Kuuvak sukaitchuq. The
Kobuk (river) is slow (not fast).
sukasaaââik- vi. to walk fast.
sukasaq- vi. to do something quickly; to movequickly; to travel fast. Variant: sukasraq-.
sukasi- vi. to accelerate, to get faster. Syn:kayumiksi-. Variant: sukasri-.
sukasraànaivik- vt. to show off by traveling fast.
Syn: qiñiqu-; suvaluvaaâak-; tusrusraaq-.
sukat- vi. to be fast.
sukkit- vt. to get pricked, to get a thorn, tack, pieceof glass, etc into one's flesh.
sukniqpa? quest. from which direction is the windblowing? See: su-.
sukpalliq- vt. to reveal oneself by making noise, toemit a sound. Syn: iñukpalliq-; iñuksruuq-;
sukpaluk-; uääiqi-. See: sukuiqsit-.
sukpaluk n. sound from an unseen source. Syn: iàña;
nipi.
sukpaluk- vt. to emit a sound (of unseen person orthing). Variant: sukpalliq-.
suksraaài- vi. to risk something for someone orsomething. Syn: suginàiq-.
suksraaq- 1) vt. to annihilate; to eliminate; toexterminate. 2) to forsake; to give up on.
Kiñapayaaq maliàuaqtigiyumiñaitchiga
suksraanàisuaqpan iämiñik. Nobody can be
my follower if he does not forsake himself.
suksraàinàiq- vt. 1) to think too low of another or201

oneself; to underrate. 2) to degrade someone.

suksraàinàit- vt. to ignore; to neglect.
suksraq excl. expression, "oh, what good is it?,""never mind".

suksraunàiiãiq n. condemnation.
suksraunàiãiq n. destruction. Syn: akatchiãiq;piyaquâiq.

suksraunàiq- vi. 1) to become useless; to become

destroyed. 2) to become so tired as to feel unable
for doing anything or being of help, to feel
worthless.
suksraunàiq- vt. to destroy completely, tocondemn. Uqaàikkapsigun
suksraunàiqsaugisirusi. By your own words
you will be condemned. Syn: akat-; maqut-;
piyaquq-; siqumit-.
sukuimmaaàiksi- vt. to finally manage torecognize in the distance and determine what it
is. Syn: sukuiq-.
sukuiq- vi. to become plain; to become recognizable;.
Iliäisa sukuiàáugu qiñiàisigaat. They willclearly see him.
sukuiq- vt. to scrutinize and regognize in the distancewhat it is.
sukuiqsit- vt. to disclosed oneself, to let oneself berecognized. Syn: iñukpalliq-; sukpalliq-.
sukuit- vi. to be plain, to be clear, to berecognizable. Iáisautipsaaqâugu
sukuitáukâugu. (They) explaining it to him
more accurately.
sukun? quest. by which way? by what means? See:su-.
suli conj. and (used in additive sense, in contrasting
sense with aasii); also. Tautuäniàik
aniqatigiik Putu suli Aniqan aniqataa. He
saw two brothers, Putu and his brother Aniqan.
suli- vt. to make something, to do something.
suliaqpich? quest. What brings you here? What did
you come to do? What are you up to? See: su-.
suliqutiginàiq- vt. to forgive; to say nothing about aparticular instance. Variant: suliqutiginàit-.
suliqutiginàit- vt. to overlook; to ignore. Syn:ivaàlua-; suqutiginàit-; tautuiñaq-; uniuq-.
Variant: suliqutiginàiq-.
suliqutigiäaiqsauniq n. acquittal; a judgment, as
by a jury or judge, that a defendant is not guilty
of a crime as charged. Syn: patchisaiyaâiq.
suliqutinàiq- vt. to disregard someone, to havenothing to do with each other any longer, tobreak off relationship. Syn: siáaäiq-;suqutiginàiq-.
suliuqti n. craftsman (maker of something).
sulliñiq n. part, member (of something). Timimsulliñiàinàitchaaäa. "I am not a part of theSullivik
body."

Sullivik n. October (time to make things, especiallyclothing).

sulluq- vi. to come ashore briefly (of sea travelers).
used in plural.

suluk n. wing feather.
sulukpaugaq n. grayling. Thymallus arcticus.
suluktaatchialik n. Bohemian waxwing.
Bombycylla garrula.

suluktuq- vt. to brush clothes.
suluun n. 1) box; case; chest; coffin; container forstoring arrow feathers. 2) dorsal fin.

sumik? quest. what (is it)? (focus on object). See:su-.

sumiñ? quest. from where? from what? See: su-.
sumipayaaq excl. any time soon. See:qakugupayaaq.

sumiq- vt. to be discontent (with one's possessions),

to allege a lack (of something although one hasenough, describing a person who says she hasn't
harvested enough berries, fish or other food off
the land even though she has got a lot).
sumitäaqtaq- vi. to be foreign.
sumiugiich n. foreign things. Iluqatiä
qanuàviiàñiqsut tusaakamisigik taapkua
uqaqtuat sumiugiisigun uqqatigun. They
were bewildered when they each heard them
speak each in their [own] foreign languages.
sumiuliraaq- vi. to speak in a foreign language.
Syn: pimiullai-. See: sumiutitun.
sumiuäuruaq n. foreigner. Suvaata una
sumiuäuruaq kisimi utiqpa quyasukâugu
Agaayyun? Why did only this foreigner return
to give thanks to God?
sumiutitun n. foreign language. Lit: '[speak likeforeign]'.
suna? quest. what? Sunaiqpich? What are you
going to do?
sunaaàa n. my friend (male to male). [Gram:
vocative ; address form]
sunaiyuàat- vi. 1) to be idle, to be inactive, tohaven't gotten anything accomplished. Syn:sunàisaaq-. 2) to experience a letdown, to be
frustrated, to be disappointed. Syn:saiñàitchak-.
sunakki- vi. to store food for future use. Syn:niqausri-; tuvraqtuq-.
sunàisaaq- vi. to be idle; to be doing nothing. Syn:sunaiyuàat-.
sunàit- vi. to do nothing. Variant: suäit-.
suniaq- vi. to do something; to be working. Variant:suniuraq-.
sunik n. things.
suniqaktuq- vi. to stagger (as a drunk man). Syn:supputisaqpaallakataaliq-; sanipchaaq-.

suniuraq- vi. to do something. Variant: suniaq-.
sununaglaan adv. continuously.
suäaaq- vi. to be green.
suäaaqtaaq n. green; greenness; something green.
suäaàniãiq n. bitterness.
suäaàniq- vi. to be bitter (of gall, bile).
suäaànit- vi. to taste bitter; to taste of bile.
suäaàuuti- vi. to vomit a small amount of bile. Syn:miàiaq-; uàiaq-. Variant: suäaànit-.

suäaq n. 1) gall bladder. 2) bile.
suäaqpaluk n. yellowness. Syn: simiqtaaq.
suäaqpaluktuäiq n. 1) yellow warbler. Dendroica

petechia. 2) myrtle warbler. Dendroica
coronata. Variant: siáaluksiigauraq.
suäauraaq n. green, greenness.
suäauraaqsi- vi. to become green (of land).
suäauraaqtaaq n. something green.
suäauraq n. bead (beadwork).
suäaurriqi- vi. to work with beads; to do beadwork.
suäit- vi. to be doing nothing. Syn: sunàisaaq-.
Variant: sunàit-.
suääiqi- vt. to vomit quantities of bile. See: suäaq.
suäutlulluuq n. varied thrush. Ixoreus naevius.
supasaàinàit- vi. to feel that someone is nothing; tofeel contempt toward someone. Syn:iáaipaaàrugi-; suunàiáaài-. See: iñuaàrugi-.
supayaaq n. everything.
supayaat n. all things.
supi n. aged butter or animal fat.
supi- vi. 1) to break up and start moving (of river ice).
Syn: sikkiqi-; sikuliqiaqsi-. See: aulayyauti-.
2) to blow (of wind).
supi- vt. to blow out (as a candle).
supiaq n. zigzag line, diagonal line.
supiaq- vi. to travel diagonally (in relation to yourdestination). Syn: saquipiáuk-.
supik- vt. to turn something sideways.
supimik- vi. 1) to blow into the air hole of a woodstove, to puff. Syn: supluaq-. Variant:supumik-. 2) to exhale, to blow air out of themouth. Syn: supluaq-; supuqtaàviaq-.
Variant: supumik-.
Supivik n. May (river break-up).
suplu n. 1) tiny hole; a pore. 2) gun barrel.
supluaq- vt. to blow air, to puff out. Syn: supimik-;supumik-.
supluaqtuàvik n. draft hole of a wood stove.
supluàrak n. porous rock; a porous bone.
supman? quest. why?
supmantakiaq quest. I wonder why?
suppun n. gun; rifle. Syn: nuqitaànaq; tati.
Variant: sippun.
supputisaq- vi. to shoot a gun.

202

supputit-

suurautilaaq

supputit- vt. to hit a target, to strike game or whale.
supumik- vi. to blow repeatedly. Syn: supluaq-.
Variant: supimik-.

supuqhiaq- vt. to spurt out (of liquid underpressure). Syn: suàmik-; supuulauq-.

supuqtaàviaq- vi. to exhale, to blow air (ofwhales). Syn: supimik-.

supuqtaàvik n. 1) blowhole of a whale. Syn:qiääak. 2) exhaust pipe.

supuqtaq n. tobacco pipe. Syn: siutnaq.
supuqtaq- vi. to smoke a tobacco pipe.
supuulauq- vi. to spurt, to gush forth. Syn:suàmik-; supuqhiaq-.

suqaàviuraq n. container for odds and ends;
miscellany box.

suqaq- vi. to have something (refers only to material
things).

suqatqiit- vi. to be careless; to not watch material
possessions carefully.

suqatqik- vi. to be careful; to maintain material
possessions carefully.

suqâak- vi. to get dirty, to become soiled.
suqâuiyaun n. filter; fabric (placed over bucket)
through which drinking water is filtered.

suqâuk n. impurity in water (dirt, bugs, etc.). Variant:suaqâuk.

suqâuänaiäit- vi. to be safe (of filtered water).
suqpagi- vi. 1) to feel self-conscious, to feelembarrassed. Syn: malukkagi-; qikigi-. See:
iruq-; kanäutchak- ;. 2) to embarrass
someone. Syn: kanäutchiaq-.
suqpanaq- vt. to act in an excessive manner as tocause self-consciousness or embarrassment for
his/her relatives or friends, to act in such a waythat others feel uncomfortable. See: iruq-.
suqpani adv. somewhere.
suqpasuk- 1) vi. to be uncomfortable. 2)— vi. to be oversensitive, particularly about
what others think of oneself. Variant:suqpasruk-.
suqqaq n. baleen (a horny substance found in two
rows of plates from 2 to 12 feet long attachedalong the upper jaws of baleen whales); whalebone.
suquasiksrait- vi. to be baffled, to be stymied, to be
perplexed, to come to the point of not knowing
what to do. Syn: aliuàutigi-; atlayuaài-. See:kalipsiksuaq.
suqumit- vt. to crush, to tear down; to dismantle.
Variant: siqumit-.
suquti- vi. to dote, to be fond of, to take notice ofsomeone [to treat with courteous attention]; tobe considerate for. Syn: suqutigi-.
suqutigi- vt. to cherish, to admire greatly [to value],203

to pay attention to. Variant: suqutiksri-.

suqutiginàiq- vt. to ignore, to neglect, to disregard.

Suvaata suqutiginàiqpiäa? Why did you
neglect me? Isumaaluutit
suqutiginàiàaàigaat Agaayyutim uqaâha.
Worries "choke" out the word of God. Syn:
alaäuaq-; sanniqi-; suliqutinàiq-.
suqutiginàit- vt. to avoid, to neglect, to disregard.
Uqautilugich suqutiginàitqulugich
unipchaalianik. Tell them that they should
avoid myths and fables. Syn: suliqutiginàit-.
Variant: suqutiksriñàit-.
suqutiksriñàit- vt. to avoid, to ignore, to shun, todisregard. Syn: suliqutiginàit-. Variant:suqutiginàit-.
suraàa- vi. to be busy, to do something.
Qiñiàiaqsiuä iñuk uqautriga
suraàaâipayaamnik. See the man who spoke
about everything I have done. See: su-.
suraàaala- vi. to keep busy, to be active.
suraàaâiq n. activity; daily affairs.
suraàaun n. verb (grammar).
suraàruaq n. tobacco leaf.
surruiq- vi. to recover (of a sick person). Syn:iâuaqsi-; mapsiq-.
susruksiu- vi. to lack, to be in need of things, to be
deficient. Piàuqniaqtusri
susruksiunàiàusriáu. You will grow and lackin nothing. See: amikkit-; mialuk-; naalgiuk-.
sutqusait- vi. to be touchy; to be oversensitive. Syn:suqpasruk-; suqpasuk-.
sutqusiq n. habit; a characteristic of a person. Syn:qanusriuâiq.
suu n. soup.
suunaaq n. friend (male to male, usually about sameage). See: iñuuqqan; uumaaq.
suunàiáaài- vi. to feel contempt toward. Syn:iáaipaaàrugi-; supasaàinàit-. See: iñuaàrugi-.
Variant: suuäiáaài-.
suunàiãiq n. ruin. Lit: 'being nothing'. Variant:suuäiãiq.
suunàiq- vi. to fail to meet expectations, to perform
ineffectively. Putu suunàiqsuq aglagviämi.
Putu performed inadequately in school.
Misuàuq puuàlu suunàiàisiruk. Both thewine and the skins will fail. Syn: itigaq-.
suuääuq excl. expression of envy (equivalent to "Iwish I had/did").
suuramikunnii excl. definitely!
suuraq n. thing; wealth; treasure. Variant: suurat.
suurat n. things; wealth; treasure; property;
belonging. Syn: suàautat. Variant: suuraq.
suurautilaaq 1) n. event, happening (being
investigated). 2) inventory (count of things).

suutaunàit-taaääaqtauq

suutaunàit- vi. to disappear, to vanish. Syn: piiq-.

suviaq- vi. to swear, to denounce; to curse, to

Variant: suutnau-.
suuyumaâiq n. ambition.
suuyumiñait- vi. to be worthless; to be nothing.
suvaata quest. why. See: su-.
suvagruaq n. salmon eggs.
suvaich n. fish roe.
suvaluk adv. 1) especially. 2) mostly.
suvaluk- vi. 1) to emit sounds, as when working.
2) to emit the sound of crashing ice (at breakup), to crash (of colliding ice). Syn:ivuaqpaluk-; ivuvaaluk-.
suvaluvaaâak- vt. to act in an excessive manner; toshow off. Syn: qiñiqu-; sukasraànaivik-;tusrusraaq-.
suvaâuk- vt. to act too much; to overdo something.
Syn: aiyuiáisuu-; pivaaââak-; qaaäaiãauti-;
qaaäiuti-.
suvaâuâiq n. excessiveness, overdoing it. Syn:anagaàutraâiq.
suva-mi-uvva excl. so what!
suvasraàiñàit- vt. to belittle. Syn: aiva-. Variant:pivasraàiñàit-; pipasaàiäit-.
suviaàautit n. curse words. See: taiyuaniqâuun.

profane. Variant: suviaàaq-.

suvich? quest. what are you (presently) doing? See:su-.

suviksraiáaaq n. desert ; wilderness.

Suksraunàiàñiàai suviksraiáaami. He
destroyed them in the wilderness.
suviäñiq n. the smell of flesh.
suviäñit- vi. to smell flesh.
suviu- vi. to sting (as a burn, or of a wound when
medicine is applied). Variant: suviula-.
suvlik- vi. to gush out (as from a puncture); to flow inthrough a hole (of liquid). Syn: imaqi-;
qaamit-; suvliula-.
suvliktuaàuraaq n. spring, source, fountain; well.
Syn: maqisaàvik.
suvliktuaq n. well (water), spring (water). Syn:suvliktuaàuraaq. See: kaäi.
suvliula- vi. to flow; to gush. Syn: imaqi-; qaamit-;
suvlik-.
suyumaâiq- vi. to feel like doing something, to feelencouraged.

T - t
ta-

prefix. prefix for use with demonstative stems
for emphasis, or to express relative proximity ofentity referred to (see charts). Variant: tat-.
taaàniq n. darkness; darkest place; dark part.
taaàutaq n. lampshade; anything that gives shade,
obstacle in the way of direct light. Variant:taaluttaq.
taaàutchiq- vt. to hang up curtains, to provide withcurtains.
taak- vi. to break (of thread, especially sinew).
taak- vt. to remove an article of clothing (which has
attached itself to another, e.g.snow shirt fromparka, socks from boots, etc.). Variant:taaktiq-.
taaktatchiaq- vi. to be unprotected in cold weather(without a parka or outer garment).
taakti n. medical doctor.
taalàaat n. group of people heading inland.
taalutaq n. 1) shade from light. 2) protection fromwind. Syn: paggutaq; uquutaq.
taalutchiq- vt. to shade someone, to put up a shadeover something or someone.
taaluttaq- vt. 1) to block a view. 2) to block thelight from someone, to shade.
taammak n. checker piece; domino piece.
taammak- vi. to play checkers.

taamna dem.pron. that one there (Absolutive, sing.).
Syn: taapkuak, taapkua. See: tamanna.

taavruma that one there (Relative, sing.). Variant:taaptuma (C).

taavrumani located at that one there (locative).
Variant: taaptumani (C).

taavrumuäa toward that one there (terminalis).
Variant: taaptumuäa (C).

taavrumakäa from that one there (ablative).
Variant: taaptumaääa (C).

taavrumuuna through that one there (vialis).
Variant: taaptumuuna (C).

taavrumatun like that one there (similaris).
Variant: taaptumatun (C).

taavrumiäa that one there, with that one there(modalis). Variant: taaptumiäa (C).

taaääaàiq- vi. to be really black.
taaääaàisivik n. liquor store; a place where one canbuy liquor.

taaääaq n. intoxicating beverage; alcohol; liquor.
Syn: ikkutiksraq.

taaääaq- vi. to drink liquor. Syn: imiq-. See:
imiàuksi-.

taaääaqqiri n. bootlegger. Syn: imiqqiri. Variant:taaääiqqiri.

taaääaqtauq n. drunk person, inebriate. Syn:

204

taaääaqti

taàiuàmiut

imiqtuaq. See: imiàuuruaq.

taaääaqti n. alcoholic; drunkard. Syn: imiàuuruaq;
imiäaruaq; imiqtuaq.

taapkua dem.pron. those right there (plural). Syn:
taamna.

taapkunani those located right there (locative).
taapkunuäa toward those right there(terminalis).

taapkunakäa from those right there (ablative).
Variant: taapkunaääa.

taapkunuuna through those right there (vialis).
taapkunatun like those right there (similaris).
taapkuniäa those right there, with those rightthere (modalis).

taapkuak dem.pron. those two right there (dual).
Syn: taamna.

taapkuänaäni those two located right there(locative).

taapkuänuäa toward those two right there(terminalis).

taapkuänakäa from those two right there(ablative). Variant: taapkuänaääa.

taapkuänuuna through those two right there(vialis).

taapkuänaktun like those two right there(similaris).

taapkuäniäa those two right there, with those
two right there (modalis).

taaq n. darkness.
taaq- vi. 1) to be dark. 2) to become dusky, to havelittle light.

taaqsaq- vt. to darken hair. Lit: 'make darker'.
Variant: taaqtitaq-.

taaqsi- vi. to become dark.
taaqsima- vi. to be unadjusted to darkness (of eyes).
taaqsipaiyaaq n. 1) half-negro. 2) Negro child;young Negro.

taaqsipak n. Negro (member of a major human racialdivision traditionally distinguished by physicalcharacteristics such as brown to black
pigmentation and often tightly curled hair);dark-skinned person.
taaqsisuqsi- vi. to become dark sooner.
taaqsiulguit- vi. to be unadjusted to darkness (ofeyes); to have difficulty seeing in the dark.
taaqtaaq n. something black; anything of a darkcolor.
taaqtaq n. something black; blue denim.
taaqtinniq n. bruise. Variant: anaqtinniq.
taaqtukkaq- vi. to faint, to black out. Syn: aiyaaäa-;
imuliq-; kuniàaq-; tuquanäu-. Variant:taaqtupkaq-.
taaqtuliq- vi. to turn dark earlier (of days in fall).
taaqtupkaq- vi. to faint. See: aayaaäa-. Variant:205

taaqtukkaq-.

taaqtupkaàniala- to have fainting spells.
taaqtupkaqayaq- to nearly nearly faint.
taata n. father. Variant: aapa.
taataiáaq n. fatherless child, illegitimate child. Lit:'one without a father'. Variant: aapaiáaq.

taataksraq n. stepfather. Variant: aapaksraq.
taataruaq n. 1) grandfather. 2) great-uncle.
taatchiäiq n. common loon. Gavia immer.
taatchiäiraq n. slate-colored junco. Junco hyemalis.
taatna adv. like this; thus, in this manner. Taatnatun

umialik tuqulliñiaqtuq iñuuäuraàniallaàmi.
In the same way the rich man is going to die
while he goes about his life. Variant: itna.
taatnaluasru excl. word used when agreeing withspeaker. Syn: asulu.
taatnaâhaiññaq adv. continually; that way all thetime; repeatedly in that manner.
taatnamik adv. therefore.
taatnaqtit- vi. to fulfill; to make happen. Lit: 'let it
become that way'.
taatnasiq n. certain kind; certain type, certain class.
Variant: taatnasriq.
taatnasriq n. certain kind; certain type, certain class.
Variant: taatnasiq.
taatnaunnii excl. do it that way anyway because it
will be acceptable.
taatniuli excl. "let it be"; leave (him, her, it) alone.
taggiñ n. 1) term (a name of something); a title ofsomething. Syn: taiñiq. 2) noun (in Iñupiat
grammar).
tagiala- vi. 1) to feel unwelcome. 2) to be homesick.
tagialanait- vi. to be hospitable (of an enjoyable
atmosphere); to feel welcomed. Syn: niàiñaq-;tukkii-; tutqiäñaq-.
tagialanaq- vi. to be inhospitable (of unfavorable
atmosphere).
tagiaqtuq- vi. to go away from home (not feelingwelcome anymore).
tagiuq n. worm which inhabits the nasal cavity(especially of caribou).
tagiuq- vi. to sneeze. (Originally thought to becaused by annoying the worm inside the nose.).
taglu n. snowshoe.
tagraq- vi. to travel upriver.
taààaq n. shadow; a reflection.
taààaqtuq- vt. to reflect, to mirror.
taààaqtuun n. mirror.
taààiñiq n. shade; shadow.
taààit- vi. 1) to move into the shade or into a coolplace. 2) to disappear from sight into theshadows. See: maààutligaq-. 3) to be thin (likepaper).
taàiuàmiut n. coast dwellers.

taàium siñaa
taàium siñaa n. ocean shore, beach.
taàiuq n. 1) salt. 2) ocean.
taàiutchiaq n. meat or fish salted and put away in abarrel for curing, storage and later eating.
taàiutchii- vi. to soak something in salt water; curefish, particularly salmon, in rock salt.
taàutu- vi. to be wide; to be fat (of person), larger
than others; to appear or loom large.
taàutugi- vi. to feel conspicuous in a group ofpeople, to feel that "all eyes" are on oneself.
taàutuit- vi. to feel smaller than others, to feelinconspicuous.
taàutunaq- vi. to be excessively self-conscious; tofeel unnoticable.
tai- vt. to pronounce; to utter; to say; to verbalize.
tai- vi. to be named.
-tai encl. wonder ; astonishment ; query.
Kiñasulitai? Anybody else, I wonder?
Napmuntai? Where did it/he go?
taigruaq n. tank, oil drum.
taiguaq n. verse; a portion to read. Variant: taiyuaq.
taiguaq- vi. to read; to quote, for example a verse
from the Bible. Variant: taiyuaq-.
taiguat n. reading book.
taiguraq n. tack. See: kikiak.
taiguuti- vt. to name someone. Syn: atchiq-.
taikuu excl. thank you.
taimakäaaq adv. suddenly. Variant:taimakäaiññaq; taimakäaiñaq.
taimakäaqtaq n. ancient artifact, fossilized ivory.
See: aippaaqnisaq; imakäaqtaq.
taimaqâuk- vt. to curse. Syn: uqamaqâuk;uqapiáuuti-.
taimma dem.adv. then, there; used as a word in
between sentences, almost as a conjunction;indistinct, remote, renowned. Taimma
uqaaqtuagaqsiágiññiqsuq. About that time hestarted telling stories. Qakugun taimma
qiñiàisigiksi Iàñiäa Iñuum. Sometime fromnow you will see the Son of Man. Variant:imma.
taimmaiñaq adv. suddenly. Syn: akkuvaiñaq;
akkupaiñaq.
taimuäaaq- vi. to recite from memory.
taiñiq n. 1) appellation (name); title of song or
anything. Syn: taggiñ. 2) word.
taiñiqâuk- vi. to pronounce incorrectly.
taisaàniq n. in Iñupiat grammar: one word, one
syllable, or one utterance.
taitñasiq n. such kind (person or thing).
taitñatun adv. in the same way, like that one.
Taitñatun umialik tuqulliñiaqtuq
iñuuäuraàniallaàmi. In the same way the rich
man is going to die while he goes about his

taktuksiun
business.

taiyuaniqâuun n. curse. Syn: aatchuniàluun;

nipigiiãiq; nipliñiqãuun; uqapiáuâiq. See:suviaàautit.
taiyuaq n. verse. Variant: taiguaq.
taiyuaq- vi. to read a verse. Variant: taiguaq-.
taiyuat n. reading book ; verses. Putum iáisimaruq
taiyuanik. Putu is familiar with verses. Variant:taiguat.
taiyuq- vi. to read a list; to say names or things (as ofa list).
taki- vi. to be long.
takinaaq- vi. 1) to make something (too) long.
Variant: taknaaq-. 2) to be too long.
takiäaaq- vi. be oval; elongated.
takiruaq n. 1) anything long. 2) minute hand of aclock. Syn: takiruaq.
takku conj. because. Syn: atakkii. Variant:takku-uvva.
takkuani adv. in the view of, in front of; in thepresence of.
takkuq n. sight; view.
takkuqsraaq- vi. to witness an accident.
takkuqsraq- vi. to show up; to appear in thepresence of.
takkuuqti n. spy. Putum takkuuqtit annaktitkai.
Putu let the spies escape. See: iriàaqtuq-;
naipit.
takkuutik n. meat grinder. Variant: siqupsiñ;
tammuun.
takkuvik n. pupil of eye.
takâi- vi. to become long. Variant: takisi-.
taknaaq- vi. to make something too long. Variant:takinaaq-.
takpiiáaaàruk n. boreal owl. Aegolius funereus.
takpiit- vi. to have poor vision or eyesight; to beunable to see well.
takpik- vi. to have keen vision, to have goodeyesight. Syn: qiñiáàu-.
taksi- vt. to win (when gambling). Syn: nalaut-.
taksruàauraq n. small, narrow lake.
taksruk n. oval-shaped lake; long, narrow lake.
taktaq n. winnings of a gambler.
taktilaaq n. length.
taktilaaq- vt. to measure the length of something.
Syn: aktilaaq-.
taktugayauraq n. fog patches.
taktugruaq n. ice fog. Syn: avyuàruaq.
taktuk n. fog.
taktuk- vi. to be foggy. Uvlaavak taktuguqtuq. It
turned foggy this morning. Pututkut
taktuguutigai. Putu and his family weresurrounded by fog.
taktuksiun n. compass.

206

taktuktit-

taluqutaq

taktuktit- vi. to become foggy.
taku- vt. to visit someone ("go see someone"); totaluànait- vi. to be amiable, affable; to be friendly; tocheck on. Syn: qimilàu-. Variant: takullak-;takuqataaq-.
takuaq- vi. to take food along.
takuàaniq- vi. to have a pleasing appearance.
takullak- vi. to check on something; to take a look.
Syn: qimiágu-. Variant: taku-; takuqataaq-.
takunait- vi. to be invisible.
takunaq- vi. to be visible.
takupqaäa- vi. to experience pleasure from visiting
with someone whom one has not seen in a longtime. See: aäiáaaqataaq-; iáaqapqaäa-.
takuq- vt. to chew. Variant: tamuq-.
takuqataaq- vt. to check on. Syn: qimilàu-. Variant:taku-; takullak-.
takusraq- vi. to glance.
takusri- vi. to visit someone in the hospital; to go andsee how someone or something is. Variant:takuri- (C).
takusruliq- vi. to have a desire to see someone, todesire company.
takuyaq n. flag.
taliàmik- vi. to arm wrestle.
taliàmiutaq n. wristlet; a bracelet.
taliàuq n. fore flipper of seal or walrus. See:avatraq; sitquq.
talim ivalua n. arm sinew.
taliñäa- vi. to be out of sight.
taliq n. 1) arm (body part). 2) clock hand. Syn:takiruaq.
taliq- vi. to dance in Iñupiaq style (sitting position
while moving arms). Syn: naqigáiuraq-. See:aààipiaq-; sayuq-; uyuk-.
taliqpik n. right hand; right side.
taliqpiu- vi. to be right-handed.
taliqquk n. both front flippers of seal or walrus. See:taliàuq.
talit- vi. to become concealed ; to get out of sight.
talit- vt. to conceal.
talliaq- vi. to break one's arm.
talliaq- vt. to break the arm of someone.
tallimakipiaq n. one hundred.
tallimalik n. 1) wall tent (10'x 12' ft., five panelslong). 2) five, at cards.
tallimat n. five.
tallimat malàuk n. seven.
tallimat piñasrut n. eight. Variant: tallimat
piäasut.
tallimmiàñiq n. Friday. Variant: tallimiiãiq.
talu n. door.
talu- vi. to close a door.
taluài- vt. to fear. Urriqsuutiniaàipsi
taluàiraksramik. I will tell you whom to fear.

207

be kind; to be communicative; to have a readysmile. Syn: atlayuaqtlait-; attaànait-;
iáamaatqik-; piaqâuktaäit-.
taluànaq n. anger, bitterness. Syn: qiniànaq;uumisuk.
taluànaq- vi. 1) to be unfriendly; to be stern; to be
uncommunicative ; to be unapproachable. 2) tobe fearsome (causing fear of someone).
taluànaqqutiksraq n. authority, authorization tojudge or rule on someone's behalf. See:aäalatiksrikkauma-; saääiqutiksrik-;taluànaqusiq-.
taluànaqusiq- vi. to be authorized, to be empowered.
Syn: aäalatiksrikkauma-; saääiqutiksrik-.
See: taluànaqqutikraq.
taluiáisaq n. canvas hanging next to a tent entrance orregular door to keep draft from coming in.
Variant: taluquttaq.
taluksraq n. door material; big brown bear skin(formerly used for a door curtain).
talukuyaaq n. curtain. Variant: talukiyaaq.
taluliq- vt. to install a door.
taluliuq- vt. to fix a door.
taluqsralliaài- vt. to browbeat; to treat someone
badly and make him afraid.
taluqsranàiãiq n. boldness.
taluqsraq- vi. to be fearful, to be afraid to ask afavor of the boss, to be apprehensive.
Taluqsraqhutiä apiqsrulguiññiàaattaavrumuuna. They were afraid to ask him
about that (matter). Syn: ataniqsraq-;
manäait-; naäiaq-; tataigi-.
taluqsraq- vt. 1) to fear someone's wrath and soremain unassertive. Iluqatiä taluqsraàniqsut
iñuänik. They all feared the people. 2) torespect someone. Syn: ataniqsraq-.
taluqsratchak- vi. to become frightened, to become
deeply afraid. Iñuich iluqatiä
taluqsratchaäniqsut. All the people became
deeply afraid. Syn: nuyuaq-.
taluqsrautaiq- vi. to be unafraid; to be bold; to bewithout fear. Uqaqtitigut uqaâiqnik
taluqsrautaiàuta. Allow us to speak themessage without fear. See: iáisimaniraaq-;
arguaäa-; kiiñaàniq-.
taluqsri- vt. to reverence, to venerate, to treat with
awe and respect. Una aäun nalaunäaniqsuq
taluqsriruaq Agaayyutmik. This man wasrighteous and was venerating God. See: iqsi-.
taluqsriãiq n. 1) fear of someone. 2) respect forsomeone.
taluqsrisaq n. respect.
taluqutaq n. canvas hanging next to a tent entrance ortamaakäaquyuuraq
regular door to keep draft from coming in. Syn:taluiáisaq.
tamaakäaquyuuraq adv. from very nearby, fromclose proximity. Syn: akkuvak;
ukkuquyuuraq.
tamaâhuq n. one dollar (coin or bill).
tamatkiq- vt. 1) to take all, to take everything.
Aànaq piksraiñäaàmi iáiriruq tamatkiqãugu
pigikkani. The woman in her poverty
sacrificed, taking everything she had. Variant:tamatkii-. 2) to demolish, to ruin. Ivgich
ikirut tamatkiqhutiä. The grass was burnt up
completely.
tamatkua dem.pron. those right there (plural). See:tamanna, tamatkuak.
tamatkunani those located right there(locative).
tamatkunuäa toward those right there(terminalis).
tamatkunakäa from those right there (ablative).
Akisuruaäutluktusi tamatkunakäa
tiämiuraàayaaniñ. You are worth more than
all those little birds. Variant: tamatkunaääa(C).
tamatkunuuna through those right there(vialis).
tamatkunatun like those right there (similaris).
tamatkuniäa those right there, with those rightthere (modalis).
tamatkuak dem.pron. these two right there (dual).
Syn: tamanna, tamatkua.
tamatkuänaäni these two here (locative).
tamatkuänuäa toward these two here
(terminalis).
tamatkuänakäa from these two here (ablative).
Variant: tamatkuänaääa (C).
tamatkuänuuna through these two here
(vialis).
tamatkuänaktun like these two here (similaris).
tamatkuäniäa these two here, with these twohere (modalis).
tamàusraq n. piece of tough meat or hide to chew on(not to be swallowed). Variant: tamuqasiraaq.
tammaàvik n. hell (place of loss). Syn:nagliksaaàvik; naäinnaq; piyaquàvik.
Variant: tamiagvik.
tammaq- vi. to be lost. Atausriqunniiñ
tammanàitchuq, aglaan taimña iñuk
tammaqtuksrauruaq. Not even one is lost
except that [one] man who had to be lost.
tammaq- vt. to lose, to mislay. Variant: tammai-.
tammaqtuaq n. lost thing or person.
tammaummi- vi. to be irretrievably lost.
Quliaqtuaqaâiq Christ-kun

tappiqsuutnaunàitchuq tamatkunuäa
tammaummiruanun. The preaching about
Christ means nothing to those who are being
lost. Syn: tammaq-.
tammuun n. meat grinder. Variant: siqupsiñ;
takkuutik.
tamuaq n. chew, something being chewed.
tamuq- vi. to grind with one's teeth.
tamuq- vt. to chew. Syn: aäula-. Variant: takuq-.
tamuqasiraaq n. piece of tough meat or hide tochew on. Variant: tamàusraq.
tanuàaaqsi- vi. to be darkening; to become dark.
tanuàak n. dawn or dusk; twilight.
tanuàak- vi. to become twilight. Variant:tanuàaksi-.
taäiàiáaaq n. fallacy, falsehood.
taäiàiáaaq- vi. to be false, to be unproven.
Pakaaqaàniqsut taäiàiáaanik
iáisimarauruanik. They were looking for false
witnesses. Variant: taäiàit-.
taäiàiáiqirauq n. heretic; false teacher.
taäiàit- vi. to be false, to be incorrect.
Iátchuàinayaàaat taäiàiãha qanutchim
tusaakkaàmiä ilipkun. They would know thateverything they heard about you is false.
Variant: taäiàiáaaq-.
taäiq n. 1) proof; concrete evidence of a claim. Pl:taäiàit. 2) remnant, residue (fat remaining after
blubber liquefies).
taäiq- vi. to be fulfilled (of a promise); to become
reality.
taäiq- vt. to eat the best part of the food.
taäiqsaq- vt. to fulfill.
tapa- vi. to be overwhelmed by choices.
tapinniáuk- vi. to be translucent; to be transparent; tobe sheer (as of fabric). Syn: qaummaàik-;qaummaq-.
tapiq- vi. to add a layer to something. See: iáalaaq-;
sipaaq-.
tapiqtaaàiik n. two things layered (as folded fabricsuch as when making a parka); overlapped flat
objects.
tapiqtaq n. additional piece added at the side.
tapit- vi. 1) to be folded over. See: imu-; qugluk-.
2) to walk abreast. 3) to be side by side.
tapit- vt. to hit two animals with one arrow or bullet.
Syn: pisik-; sik-.
taplik- vt. to penetrate something (of an arrow, needle,etc.). Syn: paaqtuq-; puturi-.
tapligaq- to go through and out the other side.
taplun n. thread for attaching an uäarviaàun to aboot sole. See: killiàuaq; kiämiàun;uäarviaàun. Variant: tavrutaq.
tappiq- vi. to lie alongside; to be parallel.

208

tappiq-taruäatappiq- vt. 1) to widen by adding a piece on the side,

to enlarge. Syn: tasiqsruq-; tasirruk-. 2) tosecond, to endorse, to side with someone.
tappiqsiq- vi. to widen by adding an additional pieceon the side.
tappiuti- vt. 1) to join forces with somebody. Syn:iáaliuti-. 2) to join a group. Syn: iáaliqsuuti-.
tapqaàuaq n. grass along the beach; grass that canbe made into a basket.
tapqaq n. small island; sand spit. Syn: qikiqtaq;
ikkalàuq; maààaraaq; tirraq.
taprun n. thread trim along stitches attaching boottop to boot sole.
tapsi n. belt. Syn: tiàiksraq. See: pamiuqtaq.
tapsiaq n. warming belt for dogs in wintertime;
waistband, a strip of caribou skin for the belly ofa dog when traveling in cold weather, especiallyfor a bitch during the time of feeding her pups.
Variant: tavsiaq.
tapsiñiq n. 1) waist. Syn: qitiq. 2) small of back(lumbar curve).
tapsiqsuq- vi. make noises with the mouth to callanimals, usually dogs. (smacking noises madewith the tongue and front teeth, or tongue andlower lip). Variant: taksiqsuq-.
taptaluk- vi. to grope about uncertainly (when it isdark or of a blind person). Variant: taptaq-.
taputi- vt. 1) to include. Syn: taputri-; taputliq-.
2) to shelter someone, to take in. 3) to takesomething or someone along. Syn: aullauti-;
igliàuti-; kaluq-. 4) to influence someone.
taputliq- vt. to include. Variant: taputi-; taputri-.
taputrau- vi. to be included into a caper; to be
included into a group.
taputri- vt. to include others; to include in a group.
often used when a bad person includes someinnocent people and does something bad. Syn:
taputi-; taputliq-.
taqaaq- vt. to sever a blood vessel. Taqaaqhuni
aunaaqsruäniqsuq. Having a severed vein, heis bleeding . See: taqak.
taqagluksi- vi. to suffer from varicose veins. Variant:taqaqpanik-.
taqak n. vein; artery; large blood vessel. Syn:augavik. Variant: taqakpak.
taqammuq- vi. to splash in water. Syn:
imaqpalliq-; imaqsrula-.
taqilakisaaq n. northern buttercup. Rananculus
affenis.
taqpa- vi. to be wide open. Syn: atitu-; niàutu-.
taqpaàruaq n. very wide open area.
taqpak n. flare of nostril.
taqpaq- vt. to open wide, to cause to remain wide
open.

209

taqqi- vi. to wait, to tarry. Syn: utaqqi-.
taqqigi- vt. to await, to wait for, to expect. Variant:utaqqigi-.

taqqiááak- vi. to wait for a long while. Syn: utaqqi-.
taqqiñäuq- vi. to be anxious; to be eager. Lit: 'gettired of waiting'. Syn: utaqqiñäuq-.

taqqiqpauraq- vi. to wait for a long time. Variant:utaqqiqpauraq-.

taqqisiraq- vt. to keep for someone; to save an item
for someone. Variant: utaqqisiraq-.

taqquaq n. lunch (for travel, take-along); trail snack.
taqsraqtaq n. spot; stain; blemish.
taqtu n. kidney.
taqtuàutit n. kidney fat from caribou, whale, mooseor reindeer.

taqtunak n. flank; the side of body above hip, toward
front.

taqtunaktisrimauraaq- vi. to stand with hand or
hands on hips.

taqtunaktu- vi. to be husky; to be heavy.
taqtunnak n. a pair of tenderloins.
taqtunnaq- vi. to hurt on one side of the body (asfrom laughing).

taquaq- vi. to bring along a trail snack; to carryprovisions.

taqurri- vt. to supply with provisions.
tarakäa dem.adv. from there. See: tarra. Variant:tavrakäa (C).

tarakäaq- vi. to come to there (focus: actor).
tarakäauti- vt. to take to there (focus: goal).
tarakäatchiaq adv. suddenly; all of a sudden.
tarani dem.adv. located there. See: tarra. Variant:tavrani.

taraniaäagun through there somewhere (vialis).
taraniaäani located there somewhere (locative).
taraniaäaniñ from there somewhere (ablative).
taraniaäanun toward there somewhere(terminalis).

tarra excl. that's right, that's all, that's right; that is all(at the end of story, speech or activity, etc.);
now; ready? Variant: tavra.
tarra-qanu maybe so, perhaps.
tarra dem.adv. there: stationary/specific; then:specific. See: tarani, taruäa, tarakäa,
taruuna - see charts. Variant: tavra.
tarra qanuàa excl. this must be true (comment on
someone's statement); that must be so.
taruäa dem.adv. toward there. See: tarra. Variant:tavruäa (C).
taruäatmun dem.adv. toward there.
taruäatmuk- vi. to transition toward there(focus: direction).
taruäaq- vi. to go there.
taruäauti- vt. to take to there (focus: goal).

taruuna
taruuna dem.adv. through there. See: tarra. Variant:tavruuna (C).
taruunaaq- vi. to travel through there.
tarvaääatchiaq adv. suddenly.
tarvauvva adv. at once; immediately. Variant:tavrauvva.
tasi- (C) vi. to stretch, to be stretched. Variant: tasri-.
tasi- (C) vt. to lead someone. Syn: tasriuq-.
tasiàaaàruk n. lagoon.
tasiàaq n. pond. Variant: tasiàauraq.
tasikuaàun (C) n. leash; lead; trace. Variant:tasrikuaàun.
tasikuaq- (C) vt. to lead (a dog) with a leash.
Variant: tasrikuaq-.
tasiq n. lagoon; lake.
tasiqsruq- (C) vi. to stretch out one's arms. Syn:tasirruk-; tasit-. See: iññiaq-; ivaq-;
qiluqqit-; qiluuq-. Variant: tasriqsruq-.
tasiqsruq- (C) vt. to stretch, to lengthen, to widen.
Syn: tappiq-; tappiqsiq-; tasirruk-. Variant:tasriqsrui-; tasriqsruq-.
tasiraàaaq (C) n. rubber band; elastic. Variant:tasriraàaaq.
tasiraàaaq- (C) vi. to stretch slowly (of rubberband). Variant: tasriraàaaq-.
tasirruk- (C) vt. to stretch, to lengthen, to widen.
Syn: tappiq-; tappiqsiq-; tasiqsruq-.
tasit- (C) vt. to stretch something. Variant: tasrit-.
tasiuàiik (C) n. couple in love, embracing. Variant:tasriuàiik.
tasiuq- (C) vi. to hold hands. Variant: tasriuq-.
tasiuq- (C) vt. to lead someone by the hand. Variant:tasriuq-.
tasuq- vt. to redeem; to ransom; to take back; torecover. Syn: aäiuq- ; satuq-.
tasramma-qanuq excl. Whatever! However
possible!
tataigi- vi. 1) to be fearful of. Syn: ataniqsraq-;
manäait-; taluqsraq-. 2) to be wary of. Syn:iññiäait-; nuyuaq-.
tataisuk- vi. to be easily frightened.
tatait- vi. to be easily scared.
tatamaa- vi. to be afraid. Syn: nuyuaài-.
tatamit- vi. to become frightened enough to quit, tobecome aware of detrimental consequences andchoose not to repeat one's action, to learn one's
lesson.
tatamnaq- vi. to be terrible; to be very frightening.
tatamni- vt. to frighten another sufficiently enoughthat he will not dare repeat his actions; to scaresomeone into silence.
tatamäi- vi. to be scared into inertia, to be afraid of
someone and lose desire to do/say anything.
tatapsaaq- vi. to frighten someone with punishment;

tattuqqun
to threaten.

tatapsaq- vt. to punish, to "teach a lesson".
tatapsaun n. punishment.
tatavriummi- vi. to be frightened. Syn: nuyuaq-.
tatavrua- vi. to react fearfully (as to a loud noise, inwater, etc.). Variant: tatavruala-.

tatavrualatchi- vt. to terrify with loud noises. Syn:

iqsipchai-.
n. rifle (30-30). Syn: nuqitaànaq; sippun;
suppun.
tati- vi. to be too tight (of clothing).
tati- vt. to brush against, to lean against, to squeeze
up next to. Syn: anagusrima-; ayappak-;nayummak-; patiktit-; tunäauraaq-.
tatiàiáa- vi. to chatter (of teeth) from cold, fever, etc.
Syn: agliàula-; kapkaluk-.
tatimmiraq- vi. 1) to be closely packed in a group.
2) to brush along something. 3) to movealongside of something.
tatimmirat n. closely packed herd of caribou. Syn:katit-; katraich; tuttuàaaàruich;tuttuqpaurat.
tatirgaq n. sandhill crane. Grus canadensis.
tatitu- vi. to be level-headed. Syn: puqik.
tatmigutaq n. skid; board placed under heavy object
to make pulling easier (especially on boats).
tatqiaàik- vi. to be bright from moonlight.
tatqiaq n. visor, eye shade. Variant: titqiaq.
tatqik- vi. to adjust a lamp wick; to trim a amp.
tatqiáitqik- vi. to begin a new month. Syn: tatqiñik-.
tatqiñik- vi. to be a new moon; to begin anothermonth. Syn: tatqiáitqik-.
tatqiq n. moon; month.
tatqiq nuiruq n. new moon.
tatqiqsiutit n. calendar. Variant: tatqiáiqutit;
tatqich.
tatqiun n. wick adjuster.
tatruq- vt. to crowd, to "press flesh", to throng.
Iáisimagaluaqâugu iñugiaktuanun
tatruqtilaan, naagasuli apiqsruqtutin
kimun aksiksilaaqnik. Though you realize
many [people] are crowding you, you ask who
has touched you. Syn: israa-; saqigrugi-;
tatviksraiq-; tinusi-.
tattui- vi. to be constipated.
tattuq- vi. 1) to be stuck in a narrow space. Syn:tattuqqit-. 2) to be too small (of clothes). 3) to
be too narrow.
tattuqqit- vi. 1) to get stuck in a narrow place, to be
cramped. Syn: tattuq-. 2) to be restricted, to be
crowded.
tattuqqit- vt. to cram into an insufficient space, tostuff, to jam. Variant: tattuqusiq-.
tattuqqun n. a wedge for tightening or securing.

tati

210

tattuqusiq-

tigguqâuk-tattuqusiq- vt. 1) to place an object to close

something tighter. 2) to force something into asmall space, hole, etc. Variant: tattuqqit-.
tattuqutaq n. 1) lock washer. 2) wedge.
tatumiaq- vt. to touch someone physically. Syn:aktuq-.
tatviksraiq- vt. to crowd, to throng, to press. Syn:saqigrugi-; tatruq-.
tauganiakâiq n. person closest to the outside door.
Syn: auniakâiq; aulliq.
tauàaaqiq n. tobacco.
tauàaaqiq- vi. to smoke tobacco.
tauqsiàñiaàvik n. store. Lit: 'place to buy'.
tauqsiàñiaqti n. store keeper. Variant:tauqsiàñiutilik.
tauqsiq- vt. to buy, to purchase. Syn: aquviq-.
tauqsiqsuktuaq n. buyer, person who wants to buy.
Anittaàniàai iluqaisa tauqsiqsuktuat. He
through out all who wanted to purchase.
tauttuàik- vi. to look healthy, to appear well. Syn:
sayak-; suàait-.
tauttuàluk- vi. to look unhealthy, have a bad
appearance.
tautugiaq- vt. to visit. Putum iglaaq
tautugiaàniàaa Putu went to visit the stranger
tautuiñaq- vt. to overlook. Syn: ivaàlua-;suliqutiginàit-; uniuq-.
tautuk- vt. to see; to focus on. Syn: kigiñiq-.
tautuktuuraaq- vi. 1) to envision. 2) to have avision. Syn: urguaq-. See: qiñikkiutauruaq.
Variant: tautuuraaq-.
tautuänaqsi- vi. to become visible.
tavlu n. chin.
tavluàun n. chin tattoo (worn by Eskimo women inold days).
tavlumiaq- vi. to extend the chin repeatedly (ofdancer).
tavra excl. that's right!; then; that's all (used at end ofstory). Variant: tarra.
tavra (C) dem.adv. there: stationary/specific ; then:specific. See: tavrani, tavruäa, tavraääa,
tavruuna - see charts. Variant: tarra.
tavrakäatchiaq adv. suddenly; all of a sudden.
tavrani (C) dem.adv. located there. See: tavra.
Variant: tarani.
tavraniaäagun through there somewhere(vialis).
tavraniaäani located there somewhere(locative).
tavraniaäaniñ from there somewhere (ablative).
tavraniaäanun toward there somewhere(terminalis).
tavranisugruk- vi. sojourn; reside somewhere
temporarily.

211

tavraääa (C) dem.adv. from there. See: tavra.
Variant: tarakäa.

tavraääaq- vi. to come from there (focus: actor).
tavrakäauti- vt. to bring from there (focus: goal).
tavrauvvaa adv. at once; immediately. Variant:tarvauvva.

tavruäa (C) dem.adv. toward there. See: tavra.
Variant: taruäa.

tavruäatmun dem.adv. toward there.
tavruäatmuk- vi. to transition toward there(focus: direction).

taruäaq- vi. to come there.
tavruäauti- vt. to take to there (focus: goal).
tavrutaq n. thread for attaching an uäarviaàun to aboot sole. See: killiàuaq; kiämiàun;uäarviaàun. Variant: taplun.
tavruuna dem.adv. through there. See: tavra.
Variant: taruuna.
tavruunaaq- vi. to travel through there.
tavsi n. 1) parka belt, worn outside clothing. 2) stripof maktak and meat from the waist area of awhale, used only for village feast.
tavsiaq n. waistband, a strip of caribou skin for the
belly of a dog when traveling in cold weather,
especially for a bitch during the time of feeding
her pups; warming belt (for dogs in wintertime).
Variant: tapsiaq.
tavsiñiq n. waist. Variant: tapsiñiq.
tayaàmigaq- vi. do wrist pull (game of strength).
Syn: argaunmik-.
tayaànaun n. bracelet. Variant: tayatchiaq.
tayaàniàun n. wristlet, wristband (of fur or otherwarm material). Syn: argautaiáisaq.
tayaàniq n. wrist. Syn: argaun (C).
tiggak n. male seal in breeding season. Variant:tiggaäniq.
tiggak- n. to be stiff-necked. Taipkunatitun
pitchiàiiäaurusi tiggakhusiáu. Like those ofold, you are stubborn and stiff-necked.
tiggaänit- vi. to taste or smell like a rutting seal. See:mamait-; uqsruaànit-; uuktuaq-.
tigguàluk- vt. 1) to pick up a ball in a soccer game,playing against the rules. 2) to hold carelessly;
to grab roughly. Syn: piaqâuktaq-. Variant:tigguqâuk-.
tigguàlugaq- to handle roughly frequently or
continually.
tiggun n. potholder.
tigguq- vt. to grab something. Syn: akkiqsiq-;
aqsak-; qisuk-.
tigguqâuk- vt. 1) to pick up a ball in a soccer game,playing against the rules. 2) to grab someone
roughly. Iñuich tigguàlukkkaat Putu. The
people grabbed Putu roughly. Syn:tigguvik
aäallaqâuuti-; piaqâuktaq-. Variant:tigguàluk-.
tigguvik n. handle.
tigligaqti n. thief, robber. Variant: tigligaqtauq;
tiglikniaqti.
tiglik- vt. to steal. Syn: aqtaq-.
tigliq- vi. 1) to pulsate, to beat (of pulse). 2) to throb(painful cut, etc.). Variant: tigliqtaq-.
tigliqtaat n. pulse.
tigliqulauraq- vi. to flutter (of the heart).
tigluaq- vi. to hit with fists, to box. Syn: qakimik-;tugluämik-.
tigluk- vt. 1) to beat, to strike with side of fist. Syn:anau-. 2) to knock to make something sticking
fall off.
tigluktuq- vt. to knock at a door. Syn: katchak-;katchaktuq-; suqpalliq-.
tigluäniq n. Mongolian spot (a poorly defined blueto-gray area of skin discoloration present atbirth, usually in the area of the buttocks andlower spine).
tigluuraq n. bruise.
tigluuraq- vi. to get bruised, to experience bruising.
See: qiäarraaq-.
tigri- vt. to frighten a bird, causing it to fly away.
Variant: tiksri-.
tigu- vt. 1) to take; to grab; to pick up; to lay hold of.
Variant: tigusi-. 2) to arrest, to take forcibly.
Syn: tiguniqâuk-.
tiguaâiq n. adoption.
tiguaq n. adopted child.
tiguaq- vt. to adopt a child.
tiguàiq n. handle; doorknob. Talu Putum tupqani
tiguàiqaqtuq saniqsamik. The door in Putu's
house has a movable bar for a door knob.
tigukkauâiq n. arrest (in past).
tigula- vt. to grab for something but be unable to holdonto it.
tigumirrit- vt. to ask someone to deliver. Putum
Miiyuk tigumirritchaa uqsrumik. Putu
handed Miiyuk seal oil to carry to someone.
tigummi- vt. to hold something. Agaayyuun,
qiáaich tigummiáguitchaatin. God, theheavens are not able to contain you. Syn:immaài-.
tigummiaq- vt. to carry. Savaktim tigummiaàigaa
tiktitaun. The servant is carrying a winnowing
fork.
tigummitqiaq- vt. hold onto something. Syn:
kukimmala-.
tigummivik n. handhold (any spot to hold on tosomething).
tiguniaq- vt. 1) to attempt to steal. 2) to attempt tograb something (like an animal, e.g. bird, rabbit,

tikiutaqetc.).

tiguniqâuk- vt. to arrest, to grab forcibly.

Tiguniqâukamiuä qimitchiqsruaqsiñiàaa.
As he grabbed him hard he began to strangle
him. Syn: tigu-.
tigupquti- vi. to contract a communicable disease.
Syn: atniàñausriq-; naäirrutinnak-. See:tuqupquti-.
tigupqutnaq- vi. to be contagious. Syn:quäuànaq-.
tiguri n. policeman.
tiguri- vi. to arrest. Variant: tigusri-.
tigusi- vt. to take; to grab; to pick up. Variant: tigu-;
tigusri-.
tigusiaq- vt. to conquer; to take a hold of.
tigusri- vt. 1) to choose from a variety. 2) to arrest; totake hold of. Variant: tigu-; tiguri-; tigusi-.
tigusriñiaq- vt. 1) to attempt to grab. 2) to pursue
with the intent to arrest.
tigutaaàvik n. 1) prison; jail. 2) captivity.
tigutaaluk n. orphan. Syn: iáiappaq.
tigutaaluuraq orphan child.
tigutaaq- vt. to restrain; to incarcerate; to jail.
tigutaaqsiuvik n. 1) slavery. 2) exile.
tigutaaqtaq n. prisoner.
tiguuvik n. adoptive parents.
tiàiaq n. weasel; ermine. Mustela erminea.
tiàiaqpak n. mink. Mustela vison.
tiàii- vi. 1) to creep silently toward prey (of hunter).
2) try not to make noise while doing things.
tiàikmiutaq- vi. to keep a knife with a sheath on
one's waist belt. Variant: tiàiksraqmiutaq-.
tiàiksraq n. belt for pants; man's belt. Syn: tapsi.
See: pamiuqtaq.
tii
n. tea. See: saiyu.
tiiliuàun n. teapot.
tiiqaàvik n. tea container; tea canister.
tikiàaq n. forest; thicket. Syn: qupsik.
tikiiááaa- vi. to stop at various places and villages
along one's journey.
tikilik n. three-fingered mittens.
tikiáàataq- vi. to arrive.
tikiñàaaq n. newly arrived visitor.
tikiq n. 1) index finger. 2) thimble.
tikiqaàvik n. thimble holder (in needle case).
tikit- vi. 1) to arrive at destination. 2) to come to aperson. Malikâugu aànam tikiññiàaa
tunuanun. While he followed [the person] awoman approached him from behind.
tikisiq- to suddenly come up to a person.
tikitqataq- vi. to frequent a place.
tikitqaurraq- vi. race. Putu tikitqaurraqtuq. Putu
is competing in a race. Variant: tikitqautraq-.
tikiutaq n. a meal eaten after much traveling.

212

tikiutchiq-

tiämisuun

tikiutchiq- vt. 1) to eat after arriving at one's

destination. 2) to feed hunters at their arrival.
tikiutchiq- vt. to procrastinate, wait until the last
moment. Syn: aannagutaaq-; ayuqi-;maatnagutaaq-; uvlaakutaaq-.
tikiuti- vt. to take along; to bring to a destination.
tikkak- vi. to be stiff, to be erect. Syn: uummai-.
Variant: tikkaksi-.
tikkaksi- vi. to become stiff; to become erect.
tikkuaàuti- vt. to point out; to show; to make evident.
tikkuaàvik n. the object indicated by pointing.
tikkuaq- vt. to point at; to indicate.
tikkuumi- to keep pointing at.
tikkuari- vt. to scold by pointing a finger at. Putum
tikkuarigaa iàñiñi taatnatqiqunàitáugu. Putu
pointed his finger at his son, scolding him not to
do again like that. See: ikauraak-; upyak-.
tikkuun n. signpost; indication at trail junction;
direction indicator. Syn: iáitchuqqun;
nappaqutaq.
tiksiàaun n. sailboat. Syn: igniàiáaq, ikniàiáaq;
tiäilàautaqtuqtuaq.
tiksiq- vi. to drift in a boat; to sail in a boat. Putu
ikiniqsuq umiamun iáannaniáu tiksiqhutiä
Sisualiämun. Putu got into a boat, and he andhis friends sailed to Sisualik.
tiksiyunaaq- vi. to have a favorable wind for sailing.
tiksri- vt. to frighten a bird into flight. Variant: tigri-.
tiktau- vi. to be carried out to sea on floating ice ordrifting boat.
tiktittaq- vt. to clean berries. (mostly blueberries,
cranberries and crowberies by spilling them in
the wind into a bigger container, thus blowing
away the chaff). See: naavit-.
tilaaqiaq n. Hudson bay tea; Labrador tea. Ledum
deacumbens. Variant: tilaaqiq.
tilagvik n. mop bucket.
tilaàài- vt. to sweep; to sweep the floor with a broomor brush. Syn: salikuq-; sanäiyaq-. Variant:tilai-.
tilaààisit n. broom.
tilak- vt. to scrub floor, walls, or ceiling.
tilaktuq- vt. to wipe dry.
tilautit n. mop.
tili- n. to send on an errand. Variant: tillisi-; tilliri-.
tilikkaun n. order; commandment.
tilliñ n. commandment; order.
tilliraurauq n. apostle. Lit: 'one having been sent'.
Syn: tuyuàikkaurauq; uqqiraqti.
timau- n. to travel across land.
timauksraq n. portage. Syn: itivliq.
timaut- vi. to portage; to cross over land between
two bodies of water. Syn: pituàaq-. See:maqik-.

213

timi n. 1) body; flesh. 2) upper part of mukluk.
timmaala- vi. to whir, to buzz; to have a rumbling or
buzzing sound in one's ear. See: imigluktaun.

timmaaq- vi. to hit an animal in the upper part of thebody.

timmuk- vi. come landward.
tiniikaq n. moose. Alces alces. Koyukuk-Indian loan
word. Variant: tuttuvak.

tinnik n. bearberry. Arcto staphylos uva-ursi.
tinniqsi- vt. to touch someone (to communicate

something silently, as to warn him, attract his
attention, silence him). Syn: aksik-; pakiñik-;patik-.
tinu- vi. to throng (in a crowd). Syn: israa-;saqigrugi-; tatruq-. See: ilak-.
tinusi- vt. to throng. Syn: israa-; saqigrugi-;
tatruq-. Variant: tinusri-.
tiäak n. pubic hair.
tiäaurat n. lichen. Syn: niqaaq.
tiäayuk n. long white fur on caribou's neck; beard of
caribou or reindeer.
tiäi- vi. to fly away, to take off. Tiämisuun
tiäiliqtuq. The plane just took off. Tiämiuraq
aullaaniktuq. The bird has flown away.
tiäilàaqsiq- vi. to sail.
tiäilàaqsiqsuaq n. sailor. Variant: tiäilàausiqiri.
tiäilàausiqiri n. sailor. Variant: tiäilàaqsiqsuaq.
tiäilàausriq- vt. to spread a sail. Variant:tiäilàautchiq-.
tiäilàautaq n. sail on a boat.
tiäilàautaqtuqtuaq n. sailboat. Syn: igniàiáaq,
ikniàiáaq; tiksiàaun.
tiäilàautchiq- vt. to spread a sail. Variant:tiäilàausriq-.
tiäit- vi. to float on the wind (paper, leaves, etc.).
tiäit- vt. to blow away; to cause to float away.
tiämi- vi. to fly, to be in flight.
tiämiaàruk n. small bird; duck (general term). Syn:tiämiaq.
tiämiaàruum kirgavia n. pigeon hawk. Falco
columbarius.
tiämiam qipmia n. lesser yellowlegs. Totanus
flavipes.
tiämiaq n. goose.
tiämiaqpak n. 1) bald eagle. Haliaeetus
leucocephalus. 2) golden eagle. Aquila
chrysaetus.
tiämiaqpauraq n. European wheatear. Lit: 'little
eagle'. Oenanthe ocenanthe.
tiämiáiq- vt. to pass over something, as if by "flying"(as a sled crossing a ditch).
tiämirrat tatqiat n. April. Lit: 'month of geese'.
tiämisuugauraq n. small plane. Syn: tiämisuun.
tiämisuun n. airplane. Syn: tiääun.

tiämisuutiqpak
tiämisuutiqpak n. jet (all big planes).
tiämiuraq n. small bird.
tiääiigaq n. liver and tendons stuffed in caribou

titqiaàaqtiprak- vt. to find something drifted ashore. See:siáut-. Variant: tipraksi-.

tiääiq- vi. to be full to bursting; to be stuffed full (of atipraktat n. things washed ashore; jetsam.
tipraq n. driftwood; jetsam.
tipsigi- vt. to laugh about. Syn: tipsisauti-. Variant:tiääiqsi- vi. to become full to bursting (from eatingtipsigi- vi. to think something funny. Variant:tiääiqsi- vt. to stuff full, to fill a container

tipsiñaq n. comedian; one who is funny; one who

Tiääivik n. August. Lit: 'time to fly away'.
tiääun n. airplane. Syn: tiämisuun.
tiääut- vt. to fly away with. Variant: tiääuti-.
tiäuk n. liver.
tipaaq- vi. to stink. Syn: tipitu-.
tipaiq- vi. to lose odor.
tipayaaq n. food with a slightly decayed smell. atipsiäaq excl. funny! Syn: iglaànaq.
tipsisaaài- vi. to try to make someone laugh. Syn:stomach and aged.
container).

too much); to feel distended.
completely.

favorite is old "quaq": meat which has been
allowed to decay slightly and has been cooked.
See: auruq.
tipayaaq- vi. to become slightly decayed (of meat).
tipi n. odor; smell. Syn: nai ; naggiñ.
tipi- vi. to wash ashore; to drift ashore.
tipigiit- vi. to have a bad odor.
tipigik- vi. to have a good odor.
tipigiksaun n. perfume; room deodorizer. Lit: 'lit. ameans or cause for good odor'.
tipisaàniq n. ocean current flowing toward shore,
washing things ashore. Syn: isiqsaàniq.
Variant: tipisraqniq.
tipisaàniq- vi. to flow toward shore (of ocean
current).
tipitu- vi. to stink; to have a strong odor. Syn:
tipaaq-. See: tipituq-.
tipituq- vi. to develop a strong odor. See: anaàniq;itiàuqsuänit-; tipliraq-; nai. Variant:tipitusri-.
tipli n. crumb or food particle near the mouth.
tipliiyaq- vt. to wipe one's mouth.
tipliiyaun n. napkin.
tipliáuk- vi. to have food on the face near mouth.
Variant: tipliulaaq-.
tipliq- vi. to get rotten and smelly (of meat). See:
aaqqaaäu-; kimnaq; ikisuänit-;iáusruäniáiq-.
tipliraq- vi. emitting bad odor, odoriferous. Syn:
tipituq-; naima-.
tippak- vi. to develop a strong odor. See: nai-;
tipitu-; tipituq-.
tippik n. lengthwise rib of a qayaq frame.
tipraàik- vi. to smell good.
tipraàiksaun n. incense; perfume.
tipraàluk- vi. to be too bitter to eat (of meat).
tipraàlut n. driftwood.

tivsigi-.

tivsigi-.

tells jokes.

iglaqusraaq-. Variant: tipsisaaq-.

tipsisaaàirauq n. clown; comedian. Syn:iglaqusraatniktauq.

tipsisauti- vt. to laugh about. Variant: tivsisauti-.
tipsisuuraq- vi. to chuckle quietly (trying not to be
noticed).

tipsitchak- vi. to laugh uncontrollably; to laugh until
the stomach hurts.

tipuk n. whitefish (very little fat, with pointed snout,living in saltwater). Syn: aanaakâiq; qaalàiq;
qalupiaq; qalusraaq; qausriáuk; quptik;
siraatchiaq.
tiqqala- vi. to swirl around (dust, feathers, etc.). See:qalaula-.
tiqtala- vi. to move about excitedly. Syn: qauqtala-.
tira- vt. to cut into strips (of fish, etc.). Syn: kilit-.
tiriqtaq- vi. 1) to squeak (of ice, etc.). 2) to gnash
one's teeth.
tiriquula- vi. to gnash one's teeth; to grind teeth
together.
tiriquulauraq- vi. to squeak (of door); to make thesound of rubbing against something else.
tiritchiq n. monstrous mythical reptile with four shortlegs (or six), with alligator-like tail, rocky scaled
skin, long neck and small head.
tirran n. blood-letting knife.
tirraq n. 1) sandbar; narrow sand spit. Syn:ikkalàuq; maààaraaq; tapqaq. 2) mile (ameasure).
tirruksi- vi. to experience anxiety from imagining
impossible predicaments, to be distressed.
titaalik n. burbot (freshwater fish of the Northern
Hemisphere, related to and resembling the cod).
lota lota (lota maculosa).
titiàniq n. 1) scratch; a mark. Syn: qipuaäniq;qitchuäniq. 2) small dent.
titiq n. mark; a dot; a line. Variant: tittaq.
titiq- vt. to mark; to draw a line; to sign with a mark,e.g. in place of a signature (for one unable towrite). Syn: aglak-; miñuk-; nalunaiqsi-;
nalunaitäutchiq-. See: atriái-; arriái-.
titqiaàaq- vi. to shade eyes with hand when looking.

214titqiaq

tulaummi-

titqiaq n. eye shade, visor. Variant: tatqiaq.
tittaq n. line; a mark. Variant: titiq.
tivit- vi. to choke: to have difficulty in breathing,tui n. shoulder. Variant: tuiqqak.
tukala- vi. 1) to kick one's feet and legs in the air

swallowing, or speaking. See: nagguviksraiq-.
tivli- vt. 1) to sew on the body part of boots. 2) to cut
up and prepare for skin sewing.
tivliaq n. sewing project (already cut and ready tosew).
tivliiyaq- vt. to wipe one's mouth.
tivrusiq- vi. to choke on something lodged in throat.
Syn: tivit-. See: nagguviksraiq-. Variant:tivrutchiq-.
tivrutaq- vi. to gag, to experience a regurgitative
spasm in the throat.
tivu n. biscuit.
tivvuaq n. saliva; mucus; spit.
tivvuaq- vt. to spit.
tivvuàviuraq n. spittoon, spit can.
tivvuq- vt. to spit.
tivvuqtuq- to spit repeatedly.
tuaksruit- vi. to be very calm and quiet.
tuapak n. coarse gravel.
tuavit- vi. to make a whooping noise (expressing
pleasure) while dancing. Syn: qatchak-. See:aviu-.
tugaq- vt. 1) to prod, to poke (with a stick, as inherding). 2) to push off (with a pole). Syn:ayak-.
tugayuuq n. wasp; a yellow jacket; a hornet.
tuggaun n. poking stick; a prod; a pole (for pushing aboat in shallow or calm water).
tuglia n. second in a series, the next one. Syn:
aippaak; alàiaq.
tugliàiich n. vowel pairs of diphthongs, in Iñupiat
grammar.
tugliáiq- vt. to enforce; to support. Syn: makitat-.
tugliq n. next one.
tugliu- vi. to be next.
tugluaq- vt. to shield; to protect, to keep from harm.
tugluämik- vt. to beat with fists, to hit with the sideof hand. Syn: qakimik-; tigluaq-.
tugnaaq n. joining piece (piece of leather joining sole
to upper part of boot), connecting strip between
body and sole of boots (made of caribou or seal
leather).
tugrun n. lashing rope (made of seal or walrus
rawhide). Syn: akâunaapiat. See: naqitaàun.
tugrut- vt. to lash something with a rope.
tugvaàvik n. safe; deposit box (bank); jewelry box.
Variant: tugvaqsivik.
tugvaq- vt. to store away; to save; to put away. Syn:tutquq-. Variant: tugvai- ; tugvaqsi-.
tugvaqsivik n. safe, storage place. Variant:tugvaàvik.

215

from a lying down position (as a baby). 2) tokick feet around (when sleeping).
tukiàvik n. footrest.
tukiq- vt. to push something with one's feet. Variant:tukkaq-.
tukiq- vi. to hatch; to extend one's legs.
tukiqsrak- vt. to kick another person while on one's
back.
tukkii- vi. 1) to have guests. Variant: tukkiq-. 2) tobe hospitable. Syn: niàiñaq-; tagialanait-;tutqiäñaq-.
tukkiqsuq- vt. to invite; to welcome guests.
Tukkiqsuàlugich iglaat kiñunnapsitñi.
Welcome travelers in your homes. Syn:aiyugaaq-; itqu-; tuyuàmiaqsaq-; yuàaisuq-.
tukku- vi. to be a guest at someone's house; to makeoneself a guest. Syn: tukkuqaq-;
tuyuàmiaäu-.
tukkuài- vt. to host; to give lodging.
tukkuàik- vi. to feel comfortable (of a guest). Syn:tutqaanait-.
tukkuàiäñaq n. hospitality.
tukkuiq- vi. to become an outcast, to lose one's place
to live. See: tupqiq-.
tukkuit- vi. to be an outcast; to have nowhere to live.
Syn: tukkuiq-.
tukkuliq- vi. to have as a guest.
tukkumavik n. 1) hotel room. 2) apartment; a place
to stay.
tukkuq n. host.
tukkuqaq- vi. 1) to have shelter, to have a place tostay. 2) to stay as a guest. Syn: tukku-;
tuyuàmiaäu-.
tuksiaq- vt. to plead for something to happen; to beg
in prayer. Variant: tuksiq-.
tuksiq- vt. to beg. Variant: tuksiaq-.
tuktaq n. ferment (of walrus, meat rolled in walrusskin).
tulagiaq n. dock, landing place, safe place for docking
a boat. Variant: tulagvik.
tulak- vi. to land (of boat, man), to come ashore (ofboat); to dock (of boat). Syn: apuàaksaaq-.
See: qaksruq-. Variant: tullautaq-; tuluq-.
tulanàit to be unable to reach shore because ofstrong wind, waves, etc.
tulapqaq- to barely reach the shore or riverbank(of a boat, barge, tugboat, etc.). Variant:tulapqauâik-.
tulaksaun n. rope on a seining net (attached to theshore). Syn: niäivraqsaun.
tulaummi- vi. to be ashore (of a boat), to set downon land.

tulautitulauti- vt. to bring something ashore. Variant:tulaut-.
tulimaalik n. any meat with ribs.
tulimaaq n. 1) rib (anatomy: long, curved bone fromthe spine to the sternum). 2) rib (nautical: curved
support to form the hull of a boat). 3) rainbow.
Syn: apummaaq.
tulimamiktaq- vi. to braid with four or more
strings. See: qulivraq-.
tullak- vi. to lie down. Syn: iññaq-; nallaq-.
tullautaq- vi. 1) to land well (of a vessel). Variant:tulak-. 2) to land gently (as from a fall). See:nivàalaq.
tullignaq n. ruddy turnstone. Arinaria interpres.
tullik n. golden plover. Pluvialis dominica.
tulliqpak n. black-bellied plover. Squataralo
squataralo.
tuluaàaq- vi. to dive at something (usually said of abird attempting to protect its eggs or young).
tulugaànaq n. 1) cliff swallow. Petrochelidon
pyrrhonota. 2) bank swallow. Riparia riparia.
3) violet-green swallow. Tachycineta
thalasisina.
tulugaànasrugruk n. barn swallow. Hirundo
rustica.
tulugaànauraq n. tree swallow. Iridoprocne
bicolor.
tulugaq n. raven. Covus corax.
tulugauraq n. 1) striped wolverine ruff. Syn:pamiuàvik. See: avatiksrat; isiàvikpagaaq.
2) second strip of wolverine skin (from its back).
tuluàiaq n. 1) canine tooth (growing on top of eachother). 2) incisor tooth.
tulukkam asriaq n. juniper berry. Lit: 'raven's
berry'. Fractus juniplous.
tulukkam nauligaaäa n. parasitic plant on older
roots. Lit: 'raven's spear'. Boschniakia rossica.
tulukkatun ittuq n. rusty blackbird. Euphagus
carolius. Variant: tulukkaniktuq.
tuluktuq- vt. to brush off snow (of mukluks, etc.
before entering a house); to knock something insuch a manner that anything sticking to it will
fall off.
tuluktuun n. tool used to brush off snow.
tuluq- vt. to butt; to hit with head or tusk; to attack(of a bird). Syn: nagruuti-.
tuluq- vi. to reach and touch the shore (of a boat, ofice, etc.). Variant: tulak-.
tumanäu- vi. to feel embedded food in one's throat(to feel one's food has not gone down one's
throat and that one needs to wash down).
tumanäuiyaq- vi. to wash food down with liquid.
tumaq- vi. 1) to heal (of a broken bone). 2) to be
repaired.

tunäauraaqtumaq- vt. to mend, to repair. Syn: iáaaq-;
iâuaqsruq-; nutaq-; tuämiq-.

tumaqsruq- vt. 1) to put together, to assemble parts.

Syn: katiqsri-. 2) to repair; to fix. Syn: iáaaq-;
iâuaqsruq-; nutaq-; tuämiq-.
tumi n. track; trail; footprint.
tumi- vi. to go through.
tumigiit- vi. to be a bad trail. See: nunagiit-.
tumiksraq n. trail; way; path.
tumiääuaq n. diamond shape (in playing cards).
tumisriuq- vt. to look for tracks.
tumitchauraq n. 1) trail made by animals. 2) three,at cards.
tumitchiaàik- vi. to be a good trail.
tumitchiaàruaq n. old trail. Variant: tumaaàruk.
tumitchiali- vt. to make a trail, to break trail. Syn:tuvli-.
tumitchiaq n. trail. Syn: aullavik.
tumitchiaqsaaq- vi. to travel on a trail.
tuni- vt. to sell.
tuniaq n. a sale.
tuniáaqtuàvik n. altar ; place for offering sacrifices.
Variant: tuniáaàvik.
tuniáaqtuâiq n. sacrifice. See: tunisiksraq.
tuniáaqtuq- vt. to sacrifice, to offer as sacrifice.
Syn: tuniáautigi-.
tuniáausiqiri n. priest; person offering a sacrifice (toa deity).
tuninäuq- vi. to be inconvenienced, to bediscomfortable. Lit: 'to be tired of walking (orlying) on hard ground'. Syn: tunäanäuliq-.
tuniqsima- vi. 1) to be faithful; to be loyal. 2) toendure. Syn: atlaäuqatautait-.
tuniqsimmatri- vi. to be faithful. Variant:tuniqsima-.
tuniqtu- vi. to be (emotionally) stable; to be enduring;
to be solid. Syn: mamiit-. See: ilitqusiàiit-.
Variant: tuniqsima-.
tunisaq n. item offered for sale. Syn: tuniaq.
tunisi- vt. to sell something.
tunisiksraq n. offering to aäatkuq inviting his help
for a sick person. See: tuniáaqtuâiq.
tunnuuk n. tallow; both sides of back fat of animal(caribou or moose). Syn: qaunnak. Variant:tunnuuraq. Sg: tunnuq.
tunnuviñiq n. piece of tallow.
tunäa- vi. 1) to rest firmly on a surface (of an object).
2) to be confident, to depend.
tunäa- vt. to trust in; to believe.
tunäaviu- to be trusting.
tunäaâiq n. confidence; trust.
tunäauraaq- vt. to lean back, to rest, to lean over forsupport. Tunäauraallaktuäa aquppiutamun.
I am leaning back on the chair for a while. Syn:

216

tunu

tupinäa-akkiqsima-; anagusrima-; qiviq-; patiktit-;tati-.
tunu pos.base. behind.
tunuani behind. Qichaàniqsuq tunuani
Jesus-äum isigaiñi. She stood behind Jesus at
his feet.
tunuaniñ from behind. Tarra tunuaniñ
aksiäñiàaa atnuàaaàikkaäa. Then she
touched his clothes from behind.
tunuanun to the back; to behind. Aànam
tikiññiàaa tunuanun Jesus-äum. A woman
came up behind Jesus.
tunu n. 1) loin; rear of human body. 2) back area ofanything.
tunuallak- vi. to fall back and land on one's rumpbone. Syn: aquvsallak-; niàvalaq-;nivàallak-; nivvaktaq-; nuluaq-.
tunuani adv. behind it; at the back of.
tunumni behind you, at your backside. Variant:tunupni.
tunuiyaq- vi. to be cold on one's back. Lit: 'taking(the) back off'.
tunulliàiik n. to walk single file. Syn:kiñuàaqâiàiik-; maligiik-; iiguliktit-;uuyuliktit-.
tunulliáiq- vt. to support someone, to back someone.
tunulliq n. the hindmost one. Syn: kiñulliq.
tunuluqaaq- vi. to walk with the wind at one's back.
Syn: uqutmugaaq-. See: arguq-; paggaq-.
tunusrisaq n. hard covering of small stomach of
caribou.
tunusruk n. rounded area at back of head; occipitalarea; nape of neck. Variant: tunusuk.
tunusruq- vi. to keep one's back turned (away).
tunut- vi. to turn to face the opposite way, to rotate,
to revolve, to turn around. See: alaq-.
tunut- vt. to turn something around, to cause someone
to turn around.
tunutmuk- vi. to travel backwards, to move toward
the back or rear, with the back leading.
tunutmun backwards, toward the back or rear, withthe back leading. Syn: kilutmun; kiäutmun.
tunuunaàun n. slough.
tunuvaq- vi. to back up.
tuäaaài- vt. to dedicate (something to someone), tobenefit someone.
tuäaaài- vi. to move toward (a goal).
tuäaaài- vt. to benefit someone.
tuäaanuk- vi. to travel toward.
tuäaaq- vi. to travel directly toward a destination.
See: tuäaaài-.
tuäaaq- vi. to go toward.
tuäaiguti- vi. to approach (of time).
tuäi pos.base. direction.

217

tuäaani located in the direction.

Uqautiniaqmigai tamatkua saumium
tuäaani. He is going to sspeak to them at hisleft side.
tuäaaniñ in direction from. Aggiàñiqsuq
uäallam tuäaaniñ uäasiksuamiñ. She camefrom the south from far away.
tuäaanun in direction to. Paäaliäniqsut
tuäaanun narvaqpaum. They galloped down
toward the lake.
tuäiàuànaq- vi. to be approachable.
tuäiliñàu- vi. to feel jealous because of a loss.
tuäiqâiq n. one farthest in a certain direction.
tuäiusiuq- vt. to prepare a bed for bedtime (forsleeping). Syn: illiuq-. Variant: tuäiutiliuq-.
tuäiutiliuq- vt. to prepare a bed for bedtime (forsleeping). Syn: illiuq-. Variant: tuäiusiuq-.
tuäiutit n. bedding (originally: sleeping skins). Syn:atliàaq; avrat; ikivàaq; qaatchiaq; tuttaat;uqummatit.
tuämiq- vt. to repair. Syn: iáaaq-; iâuaqsruq-;
nutaq-; tumaqsruq-.
tuäuaqtaaq n. purple (color).
tuäuq- vi. to be blue (from overwork, cold, or abruise).
tuäuqsi- vi. to become blue in the face.
tupaaàruk n. old house. Syn: igluàruaq;
tupiàruaq. See: tupiq.
tupaaq- vi. to wake up because of noise.
tupaaq- vt. to awaken someone by making noise.
tupak- vi. to be surprised, to be startled, to become
fully awake from sleep. Syn: qugluk-;
tupallak-.
tupak- vt. to startle, to alarm, to frighten. Iáapta
aànat tupakkaatigut. Some women in ourcompany alarmed us. Syn: qaallak-;tuquanäuq-. Variant: tupai-.
tupaksaq- to startle intentionally.
tupigi- vt. to obey; to attend to. Quviatchautiginagu
irrusiqãuänun tupiginiáusi. Don't be happy
about it that the evil spirits obey you. Variant:tupiksri-.
tupiàruaq n. ancient sod house; ruins of an igloo.
Syn: igluàruaq; igluluàruaq; inaaàruk;iniàruaq; iñuniaàvigruaq.
tupik n. tattoo. Syn: igiàun; kakiñiq.
tupiksri- vi. to obey, to apply oneself. Putu
tupiksriñiaàuktuq aqsrarriqisrukhuni. Putu
wants to obey because he wants to playbasketball. Syn: uqaqsiàiaq-. Variant: tupigi-.
tupiksriãiq n. obedience.
tupiksriñàit- vi. to disobey.
tupinäa- vi. to be tense; to be apprehensive; to be
nervous. See: manäaiqsruq-; siqquqsi-;

tupinäasisiqqutit.

tupinäasi- vi. to become apprehensive; to become

nervous. Variant: tupinäatchak-.
tupiääuaq- vi. to play house.
tupiq n. 1) house. Syn: iglu. 2) tent (C).
tupiq- vt. to raise a tent; to set up a tent.
tupiqatit n. members of household.
tupiqsi- vi. to buy a house.
tupiqtiq- vi. to relocate to a house after living in a
temporary dwelling. Syn: iglutiq-; nuktiq-.
tupiqtuq- vi. to live in a house; to live in a tent (C).
tupiquraq n. mosquito tent.
tupisrallak- vt. to obey a command or an order
immediately.
tupisrallak- vi. to get up and move quickly.
tupitchiaq n. new house.
tupitkaq n. amulet or charm (worn on the body oron clothing). Syn: aanàuaq.
tuppi- vt. to build a house. Putu tuppiñiaqtuq
uvlaakunaglaan. Putu is going to build ahouse, beginning tomorrow.
tuppiraq- vi. to travel (taking a tent along).
tuppiruaq n. building.
tuppiuq- vt. 1) to build a house; to make a tent. Syn:
tuppi-. 2) to fix a house.
tupqiq- vi. to lose a house due to disaster (fire, storm,
flood, etc.). See: tukkuiq-.
tupqiqsit- vi. to have a house taken away; to lose
one's tent.
tupqiyaq- vt. 1) to pack a tent away. 2) to dismantle
an old house, to take an old house down. 3) tohave one's house wrecked, as if by natural
disaster.
tupqum qaaäa n. house roof. Lit: 'house's top'.
tupqum siáataa n. immediate surroundings of ahouse.
tupqutaq n. tent pole. Syn: ayyak; qanak.
tupsi- vi. to find an animal track.
-tuq encl. to hope, to wish ; Optative ("may ...").
Paqillagu-tuq maniga. I hope I will find mymoney. Aàviqta-tuq. Wishing that we get awhale!
tuqâu n. 1) tunnel. 2) windpipe (trachea). See:
ikauraaq. Variant: tuqâuk.
tuqâuaq n. 1) stove pipe. See: umiktaun.
2) telescope. 3) drinking straw.
tuqâuàiaq- vt. to call outside, asking for name or
kinship relation as identification. Syn: ququaq-.
tuqâuli- vt. to make a tunnel.
tuqâullak- vi. to shout.
tuqâuq- vt. to call someone. Variant: tuqâuula-.
tuqâuula- vt. to call someone from a long distance(across a river, etc). Variant: tuqâuq-.
tuqâuuraq n. ovaries, tube. See: illiaq.

turvigituqpallak- vi. to experience a jolt or shock, either
physical or emotional. Syn: tupak-.

tuqqun n. death; cause of death.
tuqqunniaq- vi. to attempt to kill a wounded animal.
tuqqut- vt. to kill.
tuqqutaksraq n. one to be killed, one to be
exterminated (as a sick dog).

tuqqutaksraq- vt. to slaughter, to exterminate.
tuqqutaq n. murder victim; someone killed.
tuqqutau- vi. to be killed.
tuqqutchiruaq n. murderer.
tuqqutiq- vi. to commit suicide.
tuqqutisugaaq- vi. to willingly die for someone.
tuqsruàmiutaq n. gray stain (liquid used inwoodwork to impart rich color, made of stone).

tuqsruk n. storm hallway; entrance tunnel in old sod
houses. Variant: tuqsruuk.

tuqtuqtaq n. clock.
tuqu- vi. to die. Syn: piiq-.
tuqua n. vulnerable spot, weak spot (where one canbe easily fatally wounded). See: tuqu.

tuquanäu- vi. to feel faint, to be scared to death.

Syn: imuliq-; taaqtukkaq-. See: aiyaaäa-;
kuniàaq-; niàuvruk-.
tuquanäuq- vt. to stun; to shock deeply. See:tupak-.
tuquaq- vt. to hit an animal in the most effective spot
(so that the animal is guaranteed to die).
tuquliäa- vi. to wilt (of plants).
tuquliäaruaq n. dead plant, dead grass.
tuqulluq- vi. to wither.
tuqunalik- vi. to be poisonous.
tuqunaq n. toxin, poison, Lysol. Lit: 'what causes
someone to die'.
tuquäaruaq n. corpse, dead person, dead animal.
Variant: tuquäaraq.
tuquäaruat iniat n. Hades; waiting place for thedead.
tuqupquti- vt. to infect another; to comminucate a
disease. See: tigupquti-.
tuqurualiqiri n. funeral director, mortician. Syn:iáuviqsiri.
tuqusia- vi. to be dying; to be in death throes.
Variant: tuqusria-.
tuqutaksraàuq- vi. to be condemned. Iáitchuàiruq
iáannaäan tuqutaksraàuqtilaaäanik. He
realized that his friend had been condemned [todie].
tuqutlait- vi. to be immortal.
turàu- vi. 1) to be thick (of fur). 2) to have a heavy,
thick fur (of animal).
turraaturaq n. Pacific godwit; bar-tailed godwit.
Limosa lapponica.
turvigi- vt. to step upon. Syn: tutniàluk-.

218

turviktutqaanaq-

turvik n. 1) fore and aft framing member to whichskin is lashed (umiaq). 2) hard leather in awoman's standing ruff. See: qitummaktaq.
3) place where something lands.
tusaa- vi. to hear. Variant: tusraa-.
tusaallait- vi. to be deaf. Variant: tusraatlait-.
tusaaruuraaq- vi. to imagine hearing what a person
customarily says.
tusaayugaaàiksuaq n. gospel. Lit: 'that which isgood to hear'. Variant: tusraayugaallautaq.
tusaayugaallautaq n. good news. Syn:tusaayugaaàiksuaq. Variant:tusraayugaallautaq.
tusaayugaaq n. news. Variant: tusraayugaaq.
tusaànaq- vi. to be audible. Variant: tusraànaq.
tusaqâiàaâiq- vi. to mutter or complain to someone.
See: navàuqsautri-; unniàáuk-. Variant:tusaqâiq-; tusraqâiàaâiq-; uqaqtuyaaq-.
tusaqâiàaq- vi. to mutter under one's breath. Syn:aqapiáuk-; imäaluk-; nipaiáuksi-; niplia-;
qipquluk-; uqapiáuk-. Variant:tusraqâiàaâiq-.
tusaqâiàaun n. muttering; complaint. Syn:unniàáuktuun.
tusarraàik- vi. to be able to hear good.
tusiat- vi. to limp. Variant: tusriapik-.
tusu- vi. to be envious. Syn: piäatu-. See: killuài-;kimigi-; siqñagi-.
tusunaq- vi. to be desirable; to cause envy.
tusraa- vi. to hear. Variant: tusaa-.
tusraaniàluk- vi. to hear something bad about aperson, to hear gossip.
tusraayugaallautaq n. gospel, good news. Syn:tusaayugaaàiksuaq.
tusraayugaaq n. news. Variant: tusaayugaaq.
tusraayugaaq- vi. to enjoy listening to anotherspeak. 2) to hear news, to receive news. Syn:tutchaàik-.
tusraayugaat n. newspaper.
tusraànaq- vi. to be audible (emit enough to beheard). See: suvalliq. Variant: tusaànaq.
tusraqâiàaâiq- vi. to mutter; to complain. Variant:tusaqâiàaâiq-.
tusraqsuit- vi. to be deaf. See: tusraatlaiq-.
tusratlaiq- vi. to become deaf.
tusriaâhuk n. lame person or animal, still somewhat
able to walk. Variant: tusiqhuk.
tusriapik- vi. to limp. Syn: tusriâhuktaq-. Variant:tusiat-.
tusriapiktaq to limp exaggeratedly.
tusru- vt. to wish for, to covet. Variant: tusu-.
tusrunaq- vi. to be desirable, to cause envy.
Variant: tusunaq-.
tusrusraaq- vt. to show off one's possession, to219

boast (with the intent of making anotherjealous). Syn: qiñiqu-; sukasraànaivik-;suvaluvaaâak-.
tut- vi. 1) to land on one's feet; to touch bottom. 2) tolay down in complete relaxation andsatisfaction. Variant: tuttuq-.
tutaaluk n. grandchild; great-nephew or great-niece.
See: nuaàaaluk; uyuàu. Variant: tutik.
tutchaàik- vi. to hear good news. Syn:tusraayugaaq-.
tutchaàiksi- vi. to be doing well (of a sick person).
Syn: nakuqsi-.
tutchaàiäñaq- vi. 1) reportedly to be doing well (ofsick person). 2) to be the reason for good news.
tutchaàluk- vi. to hear bad news.
tutchaq n. ace, at cards. Variant: tusraq.
tutchi- vi. to feel satisfied, not hungry; to have finallyeaten what one craved. Syn: niàisunàit-.
tutchun n. envy, jealousy, covetousness. See: tusru-.
tuti- vt. to step on.
tutiàiq n. stoop, step outside a house door.
tutiiä voc. my dear grandchild. Syn: aañuäuuraaä;
paniiä.
tutik n. grandchild; great-nephew; great-niece. See:nuaàaaluk; uyuàu. Variant: tutaaluk.
tutipkiq n. stepping stone; stepstool; ladder.
tutipqich n. steps; ladder. Paul tutipqiñun
qikaqhuni urriqaniàai iñuich. Paul. standingon the steps, silenced the people with a handmotion. Syn: mayuàautit.
tutisraq- vi. to take a step. Syn: apluq-; avluq-.
tutitchia n. grandchild. Variant: tutitchiaq.
tutmaànaq- vi. to treadle a sewing machine. Lit:'one that can be stepped on'.
tutmaluk- vi. to step all over something. Variant:tutmasralik.
tutmaq- vi. to step on with both feet.
tutmiàaq n. 1) doormat; rug. Syn: aluiyaun.
2) stepstool. 3) rung of a ladder. 4) stair step;
step at entrance to sod house (made of whale
head bone).
tutnaaq n. 1) sole of rubber/leather boots. 2) ugruk
bottoms (soles).
tutniàluk- vi. to take a bad step (to the point of
injuring the foot). See: tutisraq-.
tutqaanait- vi. 1) to feel comfortable; to feel at easeso as to do or to ask (for) something. Syn:tukkuàik-. 2) to be imperturbable.
tutqaanaq- vi. 1) to be impudent; to be defiant; to be
audacious; to be rude (any of these caused byfeelings of inadequacy or immaturity). Syn:arguaäa-; iáisimatluäniraaq-. 2) to feel
uncomfortable (because of someone's rudeness);to feel ill at ease (because of someone's negative

tutqaasraaq-

tuuqtiq-tutqaasraaq- vt. to try to make someone feeltuttuqpagaun n. chariot. Syn: tuttuqpiraun.
tuttuqpak n. horse. Lit: 'large caribou'. Equus

tutqaasruk- vi. 1) to feel ill at ease about one's own

tuttuqpaurat n. herd of caribou. Lit: 'very many

attitude). Syn: qaatchiäa-.

uncomfortable. Variant: tutqaasaaq- (C).

action or about that of another close to oneself,
to be embarrased about oneself or about another.
Syn: siäisruk-. 2) to feel uncomfortable orembarrased that one is not able to repay a favor.
tutqiigi- vt. to disapprove, to reprove. Putum iglaaq
tutqiigigaa imiàuupman. Putu reproved thevisitor because he drank. Syn: iâuigi-.
tutqiit- vi. to feel uncomfortable; to feel restless; tofeel not at home.
tutqik- vi. 1) to be content; to be peaceful; to beserene. 2) to be solid.
tutqiksi- 1) vi. to become content, to become serene;
to become comfortable. 2) to adjust, to achieve a
psychological balance in one's life; to find peaceof mind.
tutqiksit- vt. to make someone comfortable; to makesomeone feel at home; to cause someone tobecome relieved (in an unfamliar setting).
tutqiäñaq- vi. 1) to be a good host. 2) to behospitable (to be disposed to treat guests withwarmth and generosity). Syn: niàiñaq-;tagialanait-; tukkii-.
tutqiun n. peace; contentment.
tutquq- vt. to store away; to save; to preserve fromharm. Syn: paniqsiq-; tugvaq-.
tutquqsivik n. 1) storage place. 2) bank; a place tosave money.
tutquqtuq- vt. 1) to store, to put away (for futureuse). 2) to hide. Variant: tutquqtui-.
tuttaaq- vi. to go to bed; to get into bed. Syn:nallaànaàiaq-.
tuttaat n. bedding; bed. Syn: atliàaq; avrat; ikivàaq;
qaatchiaq; tuäiutit; uqummatit.
tuttu n. caribou. Rangifer arcticus.
tuttuàaaàruich n. herd of caribou. Syn: katit;
katraich; tuttuqpaurat.
tuttuàaurat n. few caribou. Variant:tuttuquyuurat.
tuttuàruk n. Ursa Major; Big Dipper (constellation).
tuttuliaq- vi. to hunt caribou. Variant: tuttunniaq-.
tuttuligaak n. pair of boots (soles of caribou fur
inside). See: tuttulik.
tuttulik n. boots with soles of caribou fur inside. See:tuttuligaak; ugrulik.
tuttupiaq n. caribou. Variant: tuttu.
tuttuq- vi. to touch ground, bottom often. Variant:tut-.
tuttuqâuk n. 1) pig. 2) ground meat; canned meat.
tuttuqpagaqti n. rider (on a horse). Syn:tuttuqpiraqtauq.

caballus.

caribou'. Syn: katit; katraich; tatimmirat;
tuttuàaaàruich.
tuttuqpiraqtauq n. rider (on a horse). Syn:tuttuqpagaqti.
tuttuqpiraun n. chariot. Syn: tuttuqpagaun.
tuttuuraäa- vi. 1) to crouch (of hunter), to press theentire body close to the ground with the limbs
bent. Variant: tuttuuraq-. 2) to have acurvature of the spine.
tuttuuraq n. breast of bird.
tuttuuraq- vi. to crouch (of hunter), to press theentire body close to the ground with the limbs
bent. See: qumaq-. Variant: tuttuuraäa-.
tuttuvak n. moose. Alces alces. Variant: tiniikaq.
tuugaaàmik- vt. to fight with tusks (of bull walrus).
Variant: tuggauti-.
tuugaaq n. walrus tusk; ivory.
tuugarriqqun n. large rasp.
tuuàniq n. 1) dot. 2) insect bite.
tuukkaq n. toggle head of harpoon or spear.
tuuliuq- vi. to be delayed, to be too late.
Iáaqatniäniaqtuaq tuuliuäapkaqâugu
iluqatiä siñiksaàniqsut. As the bridegroom
was delayed some of them fell asleep.
tuullak vt. to nudge someone (to call his attention tosomething quietly). See: aktullak-.
tuummaq n. small container, e.g. for tobacco. Syn:iáulik; imaqtu; puuq. See: aààutaq;
imàusiaàruk.
tuunàaaàruk n. surf scoter (duck). Melanitta
perspicillata.
tuunàaaàrupiaq n. common scoter (duck).
Oidemia nigra.
tuunàaq n. 1) devil; Satan. 2) shaman's helping spirit.
tuunàaq- vt. to frighten by pretending to be a devil.
tuunàaqtalik n. shaman supplied with a helping
spirit.
tuunàaqtaq n. demon; evil spirit.
tuunàaum asriaq n. 1) trailing raspberry. Rubus
pedatus. 2) strawberry.
tuunàauraq n. old Eskimo game. Lit: 'little devil'.
tuunàaurisaaq n. whirlwind (usually moving
across water). Syn: iyalulasaaq; uyalulaq.
tuunàiqi- vi. to be involved with the spirits (as ashaman).
tuuq n. ice chisel (metal point on a long pole forchopping ice or making a fishing or water holethrough the ice).
tuuq- vt. to chisel; to stab; to chop with an ice chisel.
tuuqtiq- vi. to sting (of insects - action).

220

tuuqtit-uani

tuuqtit- vi. 1) to be stung (by an insect). 2) to be

poked with a stick, twig, etc.
tuurvik n. supportive brace (horizontal pieces ofwood perpendicular to tulimaat to which skinsof umiaq are lashed).
tuut- vt. to secure or bind a skin to a boat frame (aswith a rope or cord); to lash a skin to a boatframe.
tuutaq n. 1) lip plug; labret. 2) mole on one's face.
tuutauraq n. button. Putum tuutauraiyaàaaäa.
Putu unbuttoned me.
tuutlik n. yellow-billed loon. Gavia adamsii.
tuutraq n. ridge beam, ceiling beam (lengthwise).
tuuyuq n. 1) downy woodpecker. Dendrocopus
pubescens. 2) black-backed three-toed
woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. 3) nothern threetoed woodpecker. Picoides tridactylus.
tuuyuqpak n. hairy woodpecker. Dendrocopus
villosos.
tuuyusruàruk n. yellow-shafted flicker. Colaptes
auratus.
tuvaaq n. 1) partner; hunting partner. 2) hunter.
tuvaaq- vt. 1) to attract caribou by shouting. 2) tochase caribou in desired direction. Syn: uäuri-;
uäuuq-.
tuvaaqtuq- to keep chasing caribou by driving
them toward hunters; to keep attracting animals
by allowing oneself to be seen by animals.
tuvaaqataiàñiq n. widowhood.
tuvaaqatait- vi. to be unmarried (male or female).
tuvaaqatchiq- vt. to accompany (people).
tuvaaqqan n. 1) hunting companion, partner.
Tuvaaqqatiga My partner Syn: iáa; iáaqqan.
2) spouse. Tuvaaqqatiga My spouse Syn:aànaq; nuliaq. See: ui.
tuvaiq- vi. to be completely free of ice (of theshoreline). Syn: sikuiq-.
tuvaiyaq- vi. to break off inside lead (of land lockedice). Syn: irukkaaq-; uit-.
tuvaiyauti- vt. to carry (a person) away on an ice floethat has broken off.

tuvaq- vi. to come in to shore (of ice).
tuviqqat n. Orion's belt (three stars in Orion

constellation). Syn: uuyurat. Variant: tuviààat;tuvaurat.
tuvli- vi. to break trail, as walking before a sled in soft
snow. Syn: tumitchiali-.
tuvlich n. braid.
tuvliàaànaaq- vi. to be soft and powdery, perfect formaking tracks (of snow).
tuvliàaq- vi. to leave footprints in a soft surface(sand, snow, mud, etc.).
tuvliàun n. barrette (to tie hair); hairclip.
tuvliliq- vt. to braid hair. Variant: piáàaq-.
tuvliñ n. 1) tool to simulate tracks with. 2) tracer:
instrument used in making tracings or in
imprinting designs by tracing.
tuvraaksraq n. 1) pattern to follow. 2) law.
tuvraq- vt. 1) to follow a trail or pattern, to track;.
2) to imitate; to copy. 3) to resemble incharacter.
tuvraqtuq- vt. to store food for future use. Syn:niqausri-; sunakki-. Variant: tuvraqtui-.
tuvrauti- vt. to track; to follow; to pursue somebody.
tuvsi- vi. to find footprints; to find an animal's track.
tuvvaq- vt. to bury.
tuyuài- vt. to send something. Variant: tuyuq-.
tuyuàikkaurauq n. apostle. Lit: 'one being sent'.
Syn: uqqiraqti; tiliraurauq.
tuyuàmiaäu- vi. to be a guest. Syn: tukku-;
tukkuqaq-.
tuyuàmiaq n. guest.
tuyuàmiaqsaq- vt. to invite someone to be a guest.
Syn: aiyugaaq-; itqu-; tukkiqsuq-;
yuàaisuq-.
tuyuq- vt. 1) to send. 2) to write a letter.
tuyuun n. letter.
tuyuusriaq n. item received through mail or courier.
Variant: tuyuusiaq (C).
tuyuutit n. mail sent to someone.

U - uuaàniàruaq n. cold fog that comes into house when

the door is opened on a cold day. Syn: isiq.
uaàniq n. complete loss: item lost to sea by action ofwaves. See: uaq-.
uaknaq n. south wind; west wind. Syn: uäalaq.
Variant: uaänaq.
uakäa dem.adv. from near the entryway, from near
the doorway. See: ugga. Variant: uaääa.
uakäaq- vi. to come from near the exit (focus:

221

actor), to come from near the door.

uakäauti- vt. to bring from near the exit (focus:goal), to bring from near the door.

ualiñiq n. southwestern part.
ualliq n. most southwesterly.
uamit- vi. to dance Iñupiaq style (of a man). Syn:aààipiaq-; sayuq-; uyuk-. See: naqigáiuraq-.
Variant: uamipiaq-.
uani dem.adv. located near the entryway (visible),uaniakâiq
located toward the exit (of home). See: ugga.

uaniaäagun through the general area near theentryway (vialis).

uaniaäani located in the general area near theentryway (locative).

uaniaäaniñ from the general area near theentryway (ablative).

uaniaäanun toward the general area near theentryway (terminalis).

uaniakâiq n. person closest to the outside door.
Variant: ualliq.

uaääa (C) dem.adv. from near the exit, from near
the doorway. See: ugga. Variant: uakäa.

uaääaq- vi. to come from near the exit (focus:
actor), to come from near the door.

uaääauti- vt. to bring from near the exit (focus:goal), to bring from near the door.

uaq- vt. 1) to cleanse; to rinse. Syn: iààuq-; iqaài-.
2) to wash away (from shore). Syn: uaàniq.

uasiqi- vt. to haul a whale's hind meat and maktak
ashore; to haul an animal's hind part.

uati n. 1) rear, hind part of any animal. See:anautaq; mumiq; niqivik; ukpatik.
2) buttocks; lower torso (pelvis and hips). See:ukpatik.
uatmun pos.adv. toward the southwest, toward
Kotzebue from Noorvik. See: uäatmun.
ugga dem.adv. near the door (visible), toward the exit(of home). Syn: sakma. See: uani, uuäa,
uakäa, uuna - see charts.
uggisigi- vi. to be overly concerned; to overreact
about a trivial matter. Syn: ui-.
uggisigi- vt. to rush someone.
ugiaàuulaniq n. 1) roar (of an animal). 2) loudnoise. Syn: nipitu; iñuksruäniq.
ugiaq- vi. to snarl, to fight (of dogs). Syn: ugiatla-.
ugiaq- vt. to maul, to bite (of dog, bear, etc). Syn:kigi-; kiämaq-; maäiaq-.
ugiaqtit- vi. to get bitten by an animal.
ugiatla- vi. to snarl before biting (of a dog). Syn:ugiaq-.
ugiayuk n. fierce animal with a tendency to maulothers.
ugiihiq n. baldpate duck; American widgeon.
Maréca americána.
ugligaq n. elastic.
uglik- vi. to shrink, to decrease in size. Syn:
manäuq-; mikâi-. Variant: uvlik-.
uglikâuk- vt. to crinkle, to wrinkle (especially ofhide). See: ulluk-; ulluuq-.
uglivit- vi. 1) to turn inside out. 2) to hem.
uglu n. 1) bird's nest. Syn: uvluun. 2) perch on themast of a ship, the "crow's nest". Variant:ugluutit.

uiáaaksraq
uglupak n. today. Variant: uvluvak.
ugna (C) dem.pron. that one out there in theentryway (Absolutive, sing.). See: ukkuak,
ukkua. Variant: uäna.
uktuma that one out there in the entryway(Relative, sing.).
uktumani that one out there in the entryway(locative).
uktumuäa toward that one out there in theentryway (terminalis).
uktumaääa from that one out there in theentryway (ablative).
uktumuuna through that one out there in theentryway (vialis).
uktumatun like that one out there in the entryway(similaris).
uktumiäa that one out there, with that one overthere in the entryway (modalis).
ugriñàaaq n. oil made from bearded seal blubber.
Variant: ugriñàaq.
ugrugaviñiq n. piece of dried ugruk skin. See:uutiàniq.
ugruk n. bearded seal. Erignatus barbatus. Syn:natchiq. See: mipkuliaq.
ugruligaak n. pair of boots with ugruk soles (either
short or long). Variant: ugrulik.
ugrulik n. boots with soles of ugruk skin. See:ugruligaak; tuttulik.
ugruänaq n. shrew. Sorex cinereus. Variant:ugruänauraq.
uàiaq- vi. to spit, to expectorate.
uàiaq- vt. 1) to spit, to eject from the mouth (e.g.
food, mucus, etc). 2) to disgorge. Syn: miàiaq-;
suäaàuuti-; ulittaq-.
uàiaqtuàvik n. spittoon.
uàni n. mixture of white fish eggs and snow.
uin. husband. See: tuvaaqqan.
ui- vi. 1) to panic, to overreact. Syn: uggisigi-;
uivriqi-. See: niàuvruk-. 2) to hold one's
breath. Aniqammiuraq uiraàaqtuq
qiaâallakami-takku. The newborn always
holds its breath when it cries so much that's
why. Syn: aa-. 3) to hurry, to be too eager.
uiàit- vi. to have a penchant for doing something, to
get in the habit of doing something or goingsomewhere enjoyable or fulfilling. Syn: uiviiái-.
Variant: uiàñaaq-.
uiàittuq- vi. to return for bait, good treat.
uiàuala- vi. to yell; to holler in distress. Aànaq
uiàualaruq kapiagiplugu panni. The womenyelled in distress, worried about her daughter.
Syn: kappiala-.
uiksraun n. fiancé; bridegroom.
uiáaaksraq n. chewing tobacco. See: kutchuun;222

uiáaaqukkua
uiviit- vi. to make every effort to please one's selfiish

puvliàniq.

uiáaaq n. aged fish, thawed and ready for

consumption.
uiáaaq- vt. to chew tobacco. Syn: uqummiaq-.
uiáaq n. meat/fish, raw (not boiled yet), uncookedmeat.
uiáaq- vi. to be uncooked. Syn: aipa-.
uiágaànaaq n. widow. Variant: uiágaàniq;uiáigaànaaq.
uiágaq- vi. to lose one's husband; to become
widowed.
uiágasruk n. spinster, woman who did not marry.
Syn: aanaluk; uiáuaqtaq; uiñiäniàiáaaq.
Variant: uiágasuk (C).
uiáuaqtaq n. spinster, woman who did not marry.
Syn: aanaluk; uiágasruk.
uima- vi. 1) to be hurried. 2) to be quick.
uimait- vi. to be slow.
uiñaq n. cause for hurry.
uiñàaliq- vi. to become sleepy, to be half-asleep.
Syn: siñiänialiq-.
uiñàaq- vi. to be sleepy.
uiñik- vi. to become married (of a woman). Aànaq
uiñiktuq Sisualiämi. The woman got marriedin Sisualik. Syn: aäutinik-; nuliaq-.
uiñiäniàiáaaq n. unmarried woman. Syn: aanaluk;uiágasruk; uiáuaqtaq.
uiññiq n. lead, open water between land ice and packice.
uiñäa- vi. 1) to have a lead; to have open water
between landlocked ice and pack ice. 2) to have
one's eyes open.
uiäuraq n. common-law husband, man a woman lives
with though not married to him. Variant:uiääuaq.
uipasulaaq n. rare meat, neither raw nor well-done.
Variant: uupasulaaq.
uipasulaaq- vi. to cook meat medium rare. Variant:uunäait-.
uiri- vi. to be able to open the eyes (of a newborn).
uisa- vi. 1) to have open eyes. 2) to go without eating.
uisauraaq- vi. to fast, to abstain from food.
uit- vi. 1) to open one's eyes. 2) to break away fromshore ice, forming an open lead (of pack ice).
Syn: irukkaaq-; tuvaiyaq-. Variant: uitchuq-.
uivaq- vi. to round a bend. Variant: iivaq-.
uivaqsaat n. 1) souls of the dead. 2) in Eskimo
mythology: the place where souls go after death.
uiviiáaq n. spendthrift, person who does not mind
selling things at low cost or buying expensive
items, a prodigal.
uiviiái- vi. 1) to become accustomed to good results.
2) to repeat one's actions because the results feelpleasant or beneficial. Syn: uiàit-.

223

desires. See: naäititauâiq; nagliksaaq-;
nagrutchiq-. Variant: uivisuäit-.
uivraluktaq- vi. to tumble; to do somersaults. Syn:naparaàaaq-. See: kaivraluk-. Variant:iivraluktaq-.
uivriqi- vi. 1) to move or act with undue haste. Syn:qilamiqsruq-; ui-. 2) to be over-excited; to be
too eager. Syn: upisralak-; upit-.
uivvaq n. obstacle, obstruction (a point of land one
must go around). Syn: avrialutaq; avriutaq.
uiyu- vt. to add a piece to the end of something, toextend something.
uiyullaaq n. extension, addition to the length ofsomething.
uiyulliàiich n. row; series of things in a line.
uiyulliktit- vi. to happen steadily, in succession.
uiyuqâiq n. furthest extension of something.
Variant: uuyuqâiq.
uiyurat n. string of dried fish (6 or 8).
uiyuuqti n. interpreter. Syn: iiyuuqti.
ukalliq n. snowshoe hare.
ukallisugruk n. Jack rabbit; arctic hare.
ukalliuraq n. snow shoe rabbit; varying hare.
ukamaq- vt. to tow a boat in shallow water while
walking along shore; to travel, pulling boat
along shore, usually against the wind. See:nuqitchi-; qamuk-; qimuk-.
ukamaun n. rope for towing a boat from shore.
ukiaksraq n. early autumn.
ukialliq n. 1) autumn skin. 2) game, caught inautumn.
ukiaq n. autumn; fall time.
ukii- vi. to spend the winter.
ukiivik n. place for wintering.
ukiãhaaq n. cloth.
ukiññiq n. item with an oblong hole cut in it.
ukit- vt. to cut an oblong hole in something.
ukiulliq n. winter skin (especially caribou skin).
Variant: ukiuáairuk.
ukiunik- vi. to get old (of people). Lit: 'to gain
years'.
ukiupak n. current winter; current year. Variant:ukiuvak.
ukiuq n. winter; year.
ukiuq- vi. to turn to winter.
ukiuqsiutit n. winter clothing.
ukiutqik adv. two years ago.
ukkua dem.pron. those out there in the entryway. See:ugna, uäna, ukkuak.
ukkunani those out there in the entryway(locative).
ukkunuäa toward those out there in theentryway (terminalis).

ukkuakukkunakäa from those out there in the entryway(ablative). Variant: ukkunaääa (C).
ukkunuuna through those out there in theentryway (vialis).
ukkunatun like those out there in the entryway(similaris).
ukkuniäa those out there, with those over there in
the entryway (modalis).
ukkuak dem.pron. those two out there in theentryway. See: ugna, uäna, ukkua.
ukkuänaäni those two out there in the entryway(locative).
ukkuänuäa toward those two out there in theentryway (terminalis).
ukkuänakäa from those two out there in theentryway (ablative). Variant: ukkuänaääa (C).
ukkuänuuna through those two out there in theentryway (vialis).
ukkuänaktun like those two out there in theentryway (similaris).
ukkuäniäa those two out there, with those twoover there in the entryway (modalis).
ukkuaäit- vi. 1) to be open (of curtains). 2) to haveno curtains.
ukkuaq n. curtain. Variant: upkuaq.
ukkuaq- vi. to draw the curtains.
ukkulik- n. to collapse (of a sled).
ukpatik n. 1) hindquarter of an animal. Syn:anautaq; mumiq; niqivik. 2) hips. Syn:kuutchik. See: uati.
ukpigi- vt. to obey.
ukpiài- vi. to believe. Variant: ukpiqsri-.
ukpiàun n. faith; act of believing. Variant:ukpiqqun; ukpiqsriãiq.
ukpiàusriq n. faith; doctrines. Syn: iáisauttusiaq.
ukpik n. snowy owl. Nyctea scandiaca.
ukpiääuaâiq n. hypocrisy. Variant: ukpiääuaàun.
ukpiääuaqti n. hypocrite.
ukpiääuaqtuq- vi. to pretend to believe.
ukpiqnaq- vi. to be believable. Agaayyun
sagluyumiñaitchuq iñupayaat
ukpiqnanàitchaluaqtitlugich. God certainly
does not lie even though people cannot be
trusted.
ukpiqqun n. faith. Syn: ukpiàun; ukpiqsriãiq.
ukpiqsaaq n. deception.
ukpiqsaq- vi. to deceive. Syn: kini-; sagluqi-.
ukpiqsri- vi. to believe. Variant: ukpiài-.
ukpiqsriãiq n. faith; the act of believing. Syn:ukpiàun; ukpiqqun.
ukpiqsriñàiãiq n. unbelief.
ukpiqsriääuaqti n. unbeliever.
ukpiqsrirauq n. believer. Syn: agaayusriqirauq;
ipqiqsittuaq iñuk.

uliaqukpiqsriraut n. church: the believers. Syn:agaayusriqiraut.

ukpiqtuaq n. believer; Christian.
ukpit- vi. to boil over.
ukpit- vt. to hem.
ukpitaala- vi. 1) to overflow. See: qaaptit-;siáivla-; ulivla-. 2) to boil over. Syn:usriàaula-. Variant: ukpituala-.
ukpitaq- vi. 1) to cross the highest point of a hill andbegin to descend. 2) to tumble over. Syn:naparaq-; naparaàaaq-.
ukpitaq- vt. to reach the highest point and begin todescend from it.
uku- vi. to collapse (of a structure).
ukua dem.pron. these here (plural). Syn: matkua.
See: una, ukuak.
ukunani located at these here (locative).
ukunuäa toward these here (terminalis).
ukunakäa from these here (ablative). Variant:ukunaääa (C).
ukunuuna through these here (vialis).
ukunatun like these here (similaris).
ukuniäa these here, with these here (modalis).
ukuak dem.pron. these two here (dual). Syn:matkuak.
ukuänaäni these two here (locative).
ukuänuäa toward these two here (terminalis).
ukuänakäa from these two here (ablative).
Variant: ukuänaääa (C).
ukuänuuna through these two here (vialis).
ukuänaktun like these two here (similaris).
ukuäniäa these two here, with these two here(modalis).
ukuakkit- vi. to stay with in-laws.
ukuaq n. sister-in-law; daughter-in-law.
ulamnaa- vt. to lose one's way, to let oneself be
unable to find the way. Variant: ulapniq-.
ulapisaaq- (C) vt. to distract someone's attention
from his work. Syn: alapisraaq-.
ulapit- vi. 1) to be unaware (passed out). Putu
ulapitqataqtuq. Putu looses consciousness
often. Putu imiliqhuni ulapittuq. Putu isdrunk and is passed out. 2) to get distracted, tobecome confused. Syn: alapit-.
ulapniq- vi. to get lost (of a living thing); to go thewrong way. Syn: killukun. Variant: ulamnaa-.
ulapniq- vt. to lose one's way, to let oneself be
unable to find the way. Syn: ulamnaa-.
ulàu- vi. to topple; to tip over; to fall over.
ulàusia- vi. to totter, to move unsteadily. Variant:ulàusria-.
ulàut- vt. to push over. Variant: ulàutchi-.
uliaàniq n. chipped or cracked piece. See: ulliq.
uliaq- vi. to chip (of enamel or china), to crack (of224

uligaaq

uluuraqwood). See: naqtuq-. Variant: uliq-.

uligaaq n. shawl; cape. Variant: ulikataaq.
uligruaq n. cover; blanket. Syn: ulitchiaq.
uliiq- vt. to take a blanket off of a shelf.
ulik n. 1) blanket. 2) cataract, white film over eye(opacity that causes impairment of vision or
blindness). Syn: quviqti.
ulik- vt. to cover with a blanket (oneself or another).
ulik- vi. to have a cataract, be unable to see because ofa filmy growth over eye.
ulikataaq n. shawl; cape; something thrown overshoulders. Variant: uligaaq.
ulikataq n. collar of jacket or dress.
ulima- vt. to cut with an axe or adze.
ulimmakuq n. wood chip.
ulimmaun n. axe; mattock; adze.
ulipkaaq- vi. to become full; to fill up with. Variant:ulipkaq-.
ulipkaâiq n. flood. Uvluni sivuani uliqpaâhum
iñuich niàimaaqtut. In the days before the big
flood people kept eating. Syn: ulittauq.
Variant: uliqâuk; uliqpak.
ulipkaula- vt. to flood, to fill to overflowing. Syn:ikuliq-.
uliq n. chip in china or enamel dish. Syn: uliaàniq.
uliq- vt. to crack; to chip (of an enamel or breakabledish). Variant: uliaq-.
uliqqa- vi. to imagine something because of small
noises (e.g. iñuqutit).
uliqqatit n. unidentified noises (or beings) that may
cause fear. Syn: iññiqqun; iqsiut.
ulit- vi. to become flooded. Sialugruaàuqman
kuugich ulitlutiä. When it rained very hard therivers flooded. Syn: immiq-.
ulit- vt. 1) to fill to the brim. 2) to invert, to turninside out. Syn: palluq-; palut-.
ulitchiaq n. blanket; cover. Variant: uligruaq.
ulitchiaq- vt. to cover with a blanket.
ulitchuiáaq n. knee-high waterproof caribou orsealskin (with fur) boot, which cannot be turned
inside out. Syn: imaàniqqun; ipialik; iqaqâik;kamigruak; kivluaq; mamilik; qaqâik.
ulittaq- vi. to vomit (from hunger, or when smellinga foul odor); to retch. See: miàiaq-; tipittuq-;
tipliraq-; uàiaq-.
ulittauq n. flood. ... aullautitqugaluaqâugu aànaq
ulittaumun. so that the flood should sweep thewoman away. Syn: ulipkaâiq.
uliun n. sinew from back of caribou, used as sewing
thread. Syn: amiun; piáàaalik; ivalupiaq.
Variant: uliusiñiq.
uliusiñaak n. pair of tenderloins from ruminants,
running both lengths of the back. See: uliusiñiq.
uliusiñiq n. 1) large back muscle. Variant:225

uliusiñaak. 2) medallion (a circular, bonelesscut of meat): meat taken from a back muscle.
Syn: ivaluliñiq.
uliutik n. tenderloins.
ulivla- vi. to overflow. Syn: qaaptit-; siáivla-;
ulipkaula-. See: ukpitaala-.
ulivrik- vt. to turn up (edge of mukluk), to roll up(cuff of garment), to fold inside out. Syn:kaäivaqtaaq-.
ulluaq- vt. to crumple.
ullugauraq n. container for needles (or other small
items). Syn: ikpaatchiaq.
ulluk- vi. to become crumpled; to become wrinkled(material, paper, can etc.). Syn: imuâuk-;iqsuäa-; qilukâuk-.
ulluk- vt. to crumple, to wrinkle. Syn: uglikâuk-;ulluuq-.
ulluuq- vt. to crumple; to wrinkle (intentionally).
Syn: imuâuk-; uglikâuk-; ulluk-.
ulu n. woman's knife.
uluak n. cheek. Syn: iqsraq.
uluaq- vt. to saw.
uluaqsuun n. chain saw. Variant: uluaqsuutitaun.
uluaqsuutitaq- n. to use a chainsaw.
uluaqtuun n. saw; two-man saw. Syn: uluun.
Variant: uluaqtuutiàruaq.
uluaqtuutiàruaq n. two-man saw (type of cross-cutsaw). Variant: uluaqtuun.
uluàiaq- vi. 1) to wince in fear; to flinch. Syn:kigiñaàiiái-; qugluk-. Variant: uluàiapak-.
2) to protect one's face and eyes. Syn:mannisaq-; saamiutaq-.
uluàiit- vi. 1) to act boldly before an opponent. Syn:kiiñaàniq-. 2) to be unkind; to be mean; to be
nasty.
uluk- vt. 1) to rub (and twist) hide to soften it. 2) to
rub and twist clothes while washing, to dolaundry. Syn: iqaqsri-.
uluq- vi. 1) to turn one's body sideways to passthrough a narrow passage. 2) to turn one
shoulder forward. 3) to lie down on one's side.
4) to move aside, to bend aside.
uluqhuqtaaq- vi. to waddle; to walk, rocking fromside to side. See: iqquiqiraq-. Variant:uluqtaaq-.
uluqpak n. large ulu used to cut meat.
uluqqaich n. sawdust.
uluqqaq n. speck of sawdust; a particle.
uluqtaaq- vi. to walk with shoulders moving fromside to side. Syn: uluqhuqtaaq-; uviàaaq-.
uluun n. any kind of saw.
uluuraäaluk n. small sewing ulu.
uluuraq n. small ulu used to cut skin material for
sewing.

umaa
umaa excl. hey you! Variant: uumaa.
ukuqtiik hey you! (dual, [two people]).
ukuqsii hey you! (plural, [more than two]).
umiaàluk n. raft.
umiaàluk- vi. to raft.
umiaàmiu n. watchman on a barge or boat.
umialik n. 1) king; rich person. 2) boss; boat captain.
Lit: 'boat owner'.

umialiänaq n. elder (in church). Syn:sivulliuqtiàruaq.

umialiänat n. elders (in church). Syn: utuqqanaat;qaukâiich.

umiapiaq n. skin boat.
umiaq n. 1) large skin boat; any kind of boat.
2) launch.

umiaqpak n. ship; big boat; tugboat with a barge.
umiaqtuq- vi. to travel by boat or ship.
umiayauraq n. 1) speed boat (small boat).
2) rowboat.

umiayyi- vt. to build a boat. Putu umiayyiñiaqtuq

uvlaakun. Putu is going to build a boat
tomorrow.
umiààiq- vt. to set up a whaling crew.
umiààiqsaq- vt. to prepare to go whaling.
umiàuq- vt. to select, to make one's choice. Syn:isivàiq-; naliaq-; nalunaiqsi-; piksraq-;sivàiq-.
umii- vt. to make a skin boat (frame).
umiivik n. long garage for making boats.
umik n. beard; whisker.
umik- vt. to close.
umiktaun n. stove pipe damper; draft control. See:tuqâuaq.
umilàuaq n. walrus's muzzle.
umilàuq n. 1) muzzle or snout of an animal. Syn:siyyuuk; sigguuk. See: ivraàun. 2) the lower
face of a person. See: kigiñaq.
uminäatchi- vi. 1) to have a plugged-up nose. 2) totalk strangely because one's nose is stuffy.
umiämak n. musk-ox. Ovibus moschatus.
umiq- vt. 1) to look carefully, to search. Syn: ivaq-;
nasriqsruq-; pakak-; qiñaa-; qiñiàniaq-.
2) to sort.
umiu- vi. to capsize (of a boat). Syn: kitñu-; paâuk-.
See: qayau-.
umiurautit n. sled, for hauling a boat. See:
qammutit.
ummak- vi. to grow a beard or moustache. Variant:ummi-.
umäiq- vt. 1) to shave, to remove facial hair.
Variant: umäiyaq-. 2) to remove a cover or lid.
umäit- vi. to be open; to have its cover off.
umäiyaq- vt. to shave, to remove facial hair. Variant:umäiq-.

uniaqumäiyaun n. razor; electric shaver.
umäuti- vt. to shut in or out.
una dem.pron. this one here (Absolutive, sing.). Syn:manna; marruma, mattuma. See: ukuak,ukua.
uuma this one here (Relative, sing.).
uumani located at this one here (locative).
uumuäa toward this one here (terminalis).
uumakäa from this one here (ablative). Variant:uumaääa (C).
uumuuna through this one here (vialis).
uumatun like this one here (similaris).
uumiäa this one here, with this one here(modalis).
una- vi. to play, to be playful (usually of dogs).
unaaq n. 1) harpoon with a float. 2) light-weightspear with three-pronged barbs, used for fishingor hunting muskrats or water fowl (smaller thannauligaq). Syn: nuiyaaqpak; nuyaaqpak.
See: nauligaq.
unaaqpauraq n. pole for testing strength and safetyof ice being walked on.
unakäa dem.adv. from down there. See: unna.
Variant: unaääa.
unakäaq- vi. to come from down there.
unakäauti- vt. to bring from down there (focus:goal).
unani dem.adv. located down there. See: unna.
unaniaäagun through the general area down
there (vialis).
unaniaäani located the general area down there(locative).
unaniaäaniñ from the general area down there(ablative).
unaniaäanun toward the general area down
there (terminalis).
unaääa (C) dem.adv. from down there. See: unna.
Variant: unakäa.
unaääaq- vi. to come from down there.
unaääauti- vt. to bring from down there (focus:goal).
unaqsiq n. 1) wooden bench. Syn: aqupiuraaàvik;aquppiuvik. 2) wood of any kind. Syn: qiruk.
unasruk- vi. to want to play (of a dog).
unavài- vt. 1) to hinder. Syn: inavài-; avriaqutaq-.
2) to slow someone, to retard someone. Syn:inavài-.
uniaàaak n. lower jaw, mandible. Syn: agliqquk.
Variant: uniaàak.
uniaàaq- vi. to drive a dog team, to travel bydogsled.
uniaq n. dog sled.
uniaq- vt. to tow; to drag with a line over one's
shoulder. See: kalik-; nuqit-; nuqitchi-.

226

uniaqhaurat

uäarviaàun

uniaqhaurat n. child's sled; small sled.
uniat n. freight sled. Syn: qammutit.
uniàluk- vi. to have bad underarm odor. Syn:unnii encl. even; anyway.
unnii- vt. to make a sled.
unniqsiuàun n. counsel, words of advice anduniàmik- vi. to play tug-of-war with rope under arms

unniqsuq- vt. to admonish; to caution. Syn:uniàmik- vt. to carry under one's arm.
unik- vi. to be unable to keep up.
uniktit- vi. to be left behind because of slow

unnuaq n. night.
unnuaqtutilaatun adv. all night long.
unnuavak n. last night.
unnui- vi. 1) to spend the night. 2) to keep vigil. 3) touniqsuänit-.

(used in plural).

progress.

uniktuuma- vi. to be lower in quality.
unipchaaq n. story; fable; fairy tale; folk tale; myth.
See: uqaluktuaq. Variant: unipkaaq.

guidance, consultation.

alàaqsruq-; inniiááak-.

work all night.

unnuiqi- vi. to stay up all the night, to stay out allnight.

uniq n. armpit.
uniqniàniiyaun n. deodorant.
uniqsuänit- vi. to have bad underarm odor. Syn:unnuk n. evening.
unnuk- vi. to be evening.
unnuksraaàiaq n. afternoon. Syn:unirraun n. sled deer; reindeer used for pulling a

unnuksraaq n. afternoon (late). Syn: anaqasaaq;

unit- vt. 1) to desert. 2) to leave something behind.

unnuuti- vi. to worsen at night (of a sick person).
unuäa dem.adv. toward down there. See: unna.
unuäatmun dem.adv. toward down there.
unuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward down there

uniàluk-.

anaqaksraaàiaq; anaqasaaàiaq.

sled. Syn: qimukti.

Syn: aàlik-; qimatchi-. Variant: unitchi-.

unitchi- vt. to leave part of load behind (whentraveling). Syn: aàlik-; qimatchi-. Variant:unit-.
uniuq- vt. 1) to miss target, to miss one's destination.
2) to overlook what one is looking for; to fail tonotice. Syn: asritqut-; ivaàlua-;suliqutiginàit-; tautuiñaq-. Variant:uniuqtiq-.
uniuqtit- vi. 1) to dislocate a joint. 2) to become
disordered.
unna dem.adv. down there: visible, moving/extended,
down that way, toward the water. Syn: kanna;samma. See: unani, unuäa, unakäa(unaääa), unuuna - see charts.
unna dem.pron. that one down there (Absolutive,
sing.). Syn: utkuak, utkua.
urruma that one down there (Relative, sing.).
Variant: uttuma (C).
urrumani that one down there (locative). Variant:uttumani (C).
urrumuäa toward that one down there(terminalis). Variant: uttumuäa (C).
urrumakäa from that one down there (ablative).
Variant: uttumaääa (C).
urrumuuna through that one down there(vialis). Variant: uttumuuna (C).
urrumatun like that one down there (similaris).
Variant: uttumatun (C).
urrumiäa that one down there, with that one
down there (modalis). Variant: uttumiäa (C).
unniàáuk- vi. to complain about someone. Syn:navàuqsautri-; tusaqâiàaâiq-.
unniàáuktuun n. complaint. Syn: tusaqâiàaun.

227

anaqaksraaq.

(focus: direction).

unuäaq- vi. to go toward down there, to travel

downriver, to travel out on the sea ice (focus:
actor).
unuäauti- vt. to take toward down there (focus:goal).
unuuna dem.adv. through the general area down
there. See: unna.
unuunaaq- vi. to go through the general area
down there.
uäa- vi. to seek attention, to act as if one wants to be
loved and petted (especially of a young child,temporarily regressing to infantile behavior inorder to get attention from the parent [notconsidered negative behavior]). Variant:uääayak-.
uäalaq n. southerly wind, southwestly wind. Syn:uaknaq. Variant: uäalaaq.
Uäalaqâiàmiut n. people of Unalakleet.
uäalaqâuk n. southwesterly storm.
uäalliagu n. day after tomorrow. Variant:uäalliagun.
uäalliani n. day before yesterday.
uäalliq n. 1) one farthest across. 2) outermost doorof a house.
uäaluurat n. open platform with poles supporting it(for storage). Syn: ikiààat; qakutit. See:siàáuaq; qiqitchiuvik; saiyut. Variant:uäalut.
uäan n. space next to something.
uäarviaàun n. joiner (a strip of tanned caribou

uäasikleather or bleached seal skin between body andsole of boot). Syn: kiämiàun; killiàuaq. See:taplun; tavrutaq.
uäasik- vi. to be far away.
uäasiktit- vt. to distance someone, to keep someone
at a distance.
uäasrik- vi. to be far away; to be distant. See:avvaàiik-; iññaàiik-. Variant: uäasik-.
uäati pos.base. its far side: beyond it.
uäataagun through its far side.
uäataani located at the far side, located beyond
it. Tuyuàiniàik Macedonia-mun inäaàmi
Ephesus-mi uäataaniáu. He sent two [people]
to Macedonia while staying in Ephesus and thearea beyond it.
uäataaniñ from its far side, from beyond it.
uäataanun to its far side, to beyond it.
Tuyuàigisigipsi uäataanun Babylon. I will
send you all to far away Babylon.
uäatmik- vi. to be situated alongside.
uäatmun toward the southwest, in southwesterly
direction. Syn: uatmun.
uäatqut- vt. to skirt; to go around.
uäavanun pos. toward somewhere far away.
uäavaq- vi. to go far away.
uäavatmuk- vi. to travel toward somewhere far
away.
uäiàun n. drawstring.
uäiàutik n. a pair of drawstrings for boots or short
fur pants.
uäiàvik n. drawstring casing.
uäiáak- vi. 1) to get a rash that itches. Syn:kumaksruk-; paumit-; pupik-; uuq-.
Variant: uääi-. 2) to ripple, to get disturbed (ofwater).
uäiáuk- vi. to twitch (of muscles).
uäiq- vt. 1) to gather fabric; to pucker, to pleat. 2) totie with a drawstring.
uäiraq to keep gathering; to keep pleating.
uäna dem.pron. that one out there in the entryway(Absolutive, sing.). See: ukkuak, ukkua.
Variant: ugna.
ugruma that one out there in the entryway(Relative, sing.).
ugrumani that one out there in the entryway(locative).
ugrumuäa toward that one out there in theentryway (terminalis).
ugrumakäa from that one out there in theentryway (ablative).
ugrumuuna through that one out there in theentryway (vialis).
ugrumatun like that one out there in theentryway (similaris).

upitugrumiäa that one out there, with that one overthere in the entryway (modalis).

uääayak- vi. to regress temporarily to infantile

behavior to get attention from parent (of child).
Variant: uäa-.
uääiqi- vt. to reveal oneself, to show oneself to an
animal (in order to drive it toward hidden
hunters). Syn: iñukpalliq-; sukpalliq-.
uäu- vt. to chase an animal toward a waiting hunter.
Variant: uäut-.
uäulàusaaq- vt. to frighten an animal, usually toward
hidden hunters.
uäuraàvik n. animal drive toward an entrapment.
See: uäurrivik.
uäuraq n. rabbit drive.
uäuri- vt. to herd animals, to corral reindeer. Syn:uäuuq-; tuvaaq-.
uäurrivik n. 1) corral (for reindeer). Syn: kaäiàaq.
2) a place, an entrapment toward which hunters
drive game animals. See: kaäiàaq; uäuraàvik.
uäut- vt. 1) to chase an animal toward a waiting
hunter. Variant: uäu-. 2) to chase an animal
away so it will not return.
uäuuq- vt. to drive animals toward waiting hunters.
Syn: tuvaaq-. Variant: uäuri-.
uäuyut- vt. to perform bloodletting on someone(pierce the skin to bleed out a disease). Syn:kapuq-.
upak- vi. to rush into danger unknowingly.
upaktuq- vt. to charge, to attack violently.
upaluàiitkutaq n. 1) substitute. Syn: simmiq;
simmiun. 2) emergency provisions. Syn:paluàiitkutaq.
upaluäaiáaaq n. something prepared, something
complete.
upaluäaiyaq- vt. to prepare supplies, to get readyfor a trip. Syn: paluäaiyaq-.
upaluq- vi. 1) to be unprepared; to run out of things.
Syn: isukâit-; paluq-. 2) to get into action
hurriedly. See: qilamiqsruq-.
upinàaaq n. summer. Syn: auraq.
upinàaaq- vi. to become summer.
upinàaatqik n. summer before last.
upinàaavak n. present summer. Syn: auravak.
upinàai- vi. to spend the summer time (somewhere).
Syn: auri-.
upinàaivik n. summer camp. Syn: aurivik.
upinàaksralliq n. 1) spring caribou skin. 2) any
game caught in the spring.
upinàaksraq n. spring.
upisrallak- vi. to rush eagerly into something, to beroused to action. Syn: uivriqi-; upit-. Variant:upisalak- (C); upisalai-.
upit- vi. 1) to get excited. Syn: suallak-. See:

228

upkuaquqapsaaàutriksraq

qauqtala-. 2) to rush eagerly into something.
Syn: uivriqi-. 3) to pay attention to a noise one
hears. See: naalaànitqaiàik-; qaunakkiaàik-;siáait-.
upkuaq n. door.
upkuaq- vt. to close a door.
upkuiq- vt. to open a door. See: iqpiq-.
upkuit- vi. to be open.
upkulik- vi. to break (main part of a sled: all
stanchions). See: uvkulik-.
upni- vi. to eat quickly.
upni- vt. to pick berries quickly; to fill your berry
bucket fast.
upsik- vi. 1) to be dense (of forest, brush, plants, etc.).
Variant: uvsik-. 2) to be closely grouped (of aherd). Variant: uvsik-. 3) to be tightly woven(of fabric). Syn: qupsik-. Variant: uvsik-.
upsiqsruq- vt. to fill a crack; to chink; to caulk (on ahouse); to patch a seam (on a skin boat). Syn:
uukaq-. Variant: uvsigi-; uvsiqsruq-.
upsiqsruun n. caulking, filler (composition,
especially a semisolid that hardens on drying,used to fill pores, cracks, or holes in wood,
plaster, or other construction surfaces before
finishing). Variant: uvsiqsruun.
upummiq- vt. to close one's mouth and keep lips
sealed. Syn: ipummiq-.
upyak- vt. 1) to confront. Putum upyakkaa iàñiñi
tikkuaripáugu. Putu confronted his son shaking
his index finger at him. See: qanuàviiqsit-;
qanuàviiáaq-; tikkuari-. 2) to remark
flippantly, to wise-crack. 3) to talk withdisrespectful levity, to talk with offensive
boldness.
uqaala- vt. to insult. Syn: aàiva-.
uqaala- vt. to quarrel; to nag. Syn: suakataala-;suaämik-.
uqaallati- vt. to argue with someone, to bereate eachother. Syn: aiva-.
uqaaqtuaq- vt. to tell a story. Syn: quliaqtuaq-;
uqalugaaq-.
uqaaqtuaqti n. storyteller.
uqaaqtuutriãiq n. sermon; talk.
uqaatchagutiâiq n. turmoil.
uqaài- vi. to talk about. Uqaàiraksraàaluapsitäa.
You should have talked to me...
uqaàiaktauksraq n. messenger.
uqaànaqqun n. trouble maker.
uqaàniàluk- 1) vt. to blaspheme. Una iñuk
uqaàniqâuktaàniqsuq. This man keeps
blaspheming. 2) to put a curse on someone.
Variant: uqaàniqâuk-.
uqaàuu- vi. 1) to gossip. Miiyuk uqaàuuruq.
Miiyuk usually talks for a long time. Putu

229

uqaàuulàataqtuq. Putu is always gossiping.
Syn: uqaqtu-. 2) to talk excessively. Syn:uqaksraqtu-; uqaqpaktuq-; uqavaaâak-.
uqaksraqtu- vi. to talk at length. Syn: uqaàuu-;uqaqpaktuq-; uqavaaâak-.
uqaksraqtuti- vt. to taunt; te tease, to give a hardtime.
uqaksrau- vi. to be authorized to speak, to havesomething to say.
uqalauraq n. uvula.
uqalgu- vi. to be able to talk.
uqallait- vi. to be mute, to be unable to speak.
Variant: uqatlait-.
uqallak- vt. to say something finally after a while,tell. Syn: aipallak-. See: nipliááak-.
uqallaya- vi. to blurt out unthinkingly. Syn: uqaya-.
uqalugaaq- vt. to tell a story. Syn: quliaqtuaq-;
uqaaqtuaq-.
uqaluk n. word.
uqaluktuaq n. true story, account of events that
happened in previous generations. See:
unipchaaq.
uqaluktuaqti n. storyteller.
uqaâiq n. 1) word; the Word (Bible). 2) speech.
uqaââuaq- vi. to speak a different dialect; to speakwith a foreign accent.
uqamaqâuk- vi. to use foul language, to curse. Syn:taimaqâuk-; uqapiáuuti-. Variant:uqamaqâuktaq-.
uqamaqâuuti- vt. to revile, to slander. Agaayyutim
qaukâiäuruaq agaayuliqsaa
uqamaqâuutigiñ. You have reviled God'sleading priest. Nipaalasruäaqasi
uqamaqâuutisuäaqasiáu. Don't scream at eachand don't slander about each other.
uqaniàluk- vt. to insult. Tamatkua kiuniàaatuqaniàluutiplugu. They answered him andinsulted him. Uummatmiñ aniraqtut
pigiitchuat isummatit uqaniqâuktaâiàlu.
From the heart come evil thoughts and alsoslander.
uqapiáuk- vi. to argue; to grumble; to murmur.
Taapkua akuqtuikamiä akiññaktaaàmiknik
uqapiáuaqsiñiqsut. When those people
received their earnings they started to grumble.
Syn: aqapiáuk-; imäaluk-; nipaiáuksi-;
niplia-; qipquluk-; tusaqâiàaq-.
uqapiáuâiq n. curse. Syn: aatchuniàluun;
nipliñiqãuun; taiyuaniqâuun.
uqapiáuuti- vt. to curse someone.
uqapsaaàiaq- vi. to apologize.
uqapsaaàuti- vt. to defend something or someone.
uqapsaaàutriksraq n. 1) advocate; defender;
lawyer. Syn: piiñiaàutrirauq. 2) intercessor;

uqapsaaqmediator. Syn: akuniàun; iäiqsruutrirauq.

uqapsaaq- vi. 1) to plead. 2) to apologize.
uqaq n. tongue.
uqaq- vi. to talk.
uqaqpaktuq- vi. to babble; to talk too much, to talkat length. Syn: uqaàuu-; uqaksraqtu-;
uqavaaâak-.
uqaqsi n. radio.
uqaqsiàiaq- vi. 1) to be obedient. Putu
uqaqsiàiaàniaàuktuq aqsrarriqisrukhuni.
Putu wants to be obedient because he wants toplay basketball. Syn: tupiksri-. 2) to be well
disiciplined; to be easy to admonish.
uqaqsiàiit- vi. 1) to be disobedient (by nature). 2) tobe difficult to discipline.
uqaqsitaaàvik n. courthouse.
uqaqsitaaq n. a legal charge against someone.
uqaqsitaaq- vi. to hold a trial in a court of law.
uqaqsitaaqsi- vi. to be tried, interrogated (incourtroom).
uqaqsitaaqtitchiri n. councilman; member of theSanhedrin (supreme religious court of the Jews,
in the New Testament). Syn: ataniääuaq;imatnaaqti; kasimmatriri; sivulliuqtiàruaq.
uqaqsiun n. telephone. Syn: uqautitaun.
uqaqsritkauma- vi. to be given a message; to begiven something to say.
uqaqsriusiaq n. message (what has been given tosay).
uqaqti n. pastor, speaker. Syn: agaayuliqsi;
quliaqtuaqti.
uqaqtitaq- vt. 1) to make someone talk. 2) to quote;to repeat someone's words.
uqaqtu n. tattletale. Syn: saäutchiri; avatmuâiq.
uqaqtu- vt. to gossip; to tattle. Syn: quliaq-;
uqaàuu-.
uqaqtuyaaq- vi. to complain, to mutter. Syn:tusaqâiàaâiq-.
uqatlait- vi. to be mute; to be unable to speak.
Variant: uqallait-.
uqauraq- vi. 1) to whisper. Putu uqauraqtuq
tusaatqunàitáuni. Putu is whispering because
he didn't want to be heard. 2) to talk gently,
softly. Putu uqauraqtuq araqâugu Miiyuk.
Putu talks gently as he comforts Miiyuk. Syn:isivruk-.
uqausiq n. manner of speech; accent; intonation;
choice of words; dialect. Variant: uqqiq.
uqausriäich n. language. Syn: uqqaq.
uqauti- vt. to speak; to tell. Syn: nipliuti-;
aipallauti-.
uqautisuànaq- vi. 1) to be submissive; to yield.
2) to be easy to talk to. Syn: uqayunaq-.
uqautitaq n. CB radio (a radio-frequency banduqsrakofficially allocated for private radio
communications).
uqautitaun n. telephone. Syn: uqaqsiun.
uqavaaâak- vi. to talk too much. Syn: uaqàuu-;uqaksraqtu-; uqaqpaktuq-.
uqavaaq- vi. to argue; to give reasons for or against
something.
uqavigaaq- vi. to boast; to brag. Variant: uqavik-.
uqavikti n. braggart; person who boasts and brags.
uqaya- vi. to blurt out suddenly, without considering
the effect. Syn: uqallaya-.
uqayuit- vi. to speak unclearly; to speak withfrequent mispronunciations.
uqayunaq- vi. 1) to be easy to talk to. 2) to be
receptive to advice, to be amenable.
uqayut- vt. to persuade, to convince, to talk into. Syn:ayuàaksaq-; iáamat-; kayuäiaq-;.
uqhaq n. lead; bullet point.
uqigi- vi. to be giddy; to be lighthearted. Syn:uqigyuummiq-.
uqigi- vt. to find light in weight.
uqigái- vi. to become light, to lose weight; to become
lighthearted (after worries are lifted). Variant:uqigáiáaaq-; uqigáiáiq-.
uqigyuummiq- vi. to feel giddy (especially when
worries vanish); to feel lighthearted. Syn:uqigi-.
uqiáa- vi. to be light-footed, to run quickly.
uqit- vi. to be light of weight.
uqpik n. willow. Syn: sigruqisak.
uqpiäñaq n. currants.
uqqaaàik- vi. to converse, to have a conversation.
uqqaq n. language. Variant: uqausriäich.
uqqiq n. manner of speech; accent; intonation; choiceof words; dialect. Variant: uqausiq.
uqqiq- vi. to talk about, to gossip, to start talking.
uqqiraqtauq n. messenger; apostle. Syn:tuyuàikkaurauq; tiliraurauq. Variant:uqqiraqti.
uqqit- vi. to be secure; to be safe; to be sheltered (in astorm). Syn: qamannit-; uquuk-.
uqquaàik- vi. to wear warm winter clothing. See:uquqsaq-.
uqquqâiñaaq- vi. to travel toward the furthest
location downriver.
uqquqâiq n. one furthest downriver.
uqquqâiu- vi. to be the one furthest downriver (as anet which is located closest to the mouth ofslough or river).
uqsi n. appendix. Variant: uqsik; uqsiutaaq.
uqsian qaààaqiplugu n. appendicitis.
uqsiq n. loop or bone ring on lasso through whichrope is passed. Variant: uqsi.
uqsrak- vi. to gain weight. Syn: quiñisi-; uqumaiái-;230

uqsrak-uquqsaq-

uviññak-.

uqsrak- vt. to store blubber (winter provision).
uqsraqsaq- vt. to fatten. See: quiññak-.
uqsri- vt. 1) to cut seal blubber strips to render oil.

2) to render seal oil from blubber. Syn:misiàarriuq-.
uqsriññiq n. blotch, oil stain, oil smear. See:piàuaq-.
uqsriñäu- vi. to feel queasy after eating somethingwith too much fat or oil. Syn: uqsrit-.
uqsriñäuliq- to become sick to one's stomach
from eating too much fat or blubber.
uqsripkauqtaq n. deep-fried food. Lit: 'item thathas been made oily'. Syn: uqsrukuaqtaq.
uqsriq- vt. 1) to add gasoline, to fill tank withgasoline. 2) to add oil (to lamp, food, motor,etc.). Variant: uqsriqsi-.
uqsriqsuun n. funnel. Syn: uàriqsivik.
uqsrit- vi. 1) to get an oil-soaked stain. 2) to feel sickto one's stomach after eating too much fat. Syn:uqsriñäu-.
uqsrit- vt. to stain with oil, to soak with oil.
uqsriuq- vt. to mix motor gas and motor oil.
uqsruaànit- vi. to taste like it has seal oil in it. See:mamait-; tiggaänit-.
uqsruaàruk n. 1) fuel oil. Taigruaq imaqaqtuq
uqsruaàruämik. The tank is full with stove oil.
2) lubricating oil.
uqsrualaqi- vi. to leave a trace of oil after being
shot (of water mammal).
uqsruaq- vi. to have spots of oil or have gas on it (ofliquid or a thing).
uqsruàaaq n. strip of rendered blubber in seal oil.
Variant: uqsruàaq.
uqsruàiak n. thrush (medicine: small whitish
eruptions on the mouth, throat, and tongue).
uqsruàiak- vi. to be draining (of a sore). Syn:imaàiak-; maqi-.
uqsruàmiutaq n. food that is stored in seal oil (suchas dried meat or fish, carrots, wild celery, etc.).
uqsruàun n. fine oil such as gun oil, suntan oil,vaseline. See: uqsruqtiàun.
uqsruàutaat n. 1) grease. 2) engine oil.
uqsruiyaq- vt. to scrape blubber off a skin. Syn:amiiàruk-; aäula-; ikuk-; kiáigaq-;
kiááiuqtaq-; mamiiq-; mitquiq-; qisiiq-;
sakipsi-;.
uqsrukuaqsiun n. oil for cooking doughnuts.
Variant: uqsrukuaqsiuàun.
uqsrukuaqtaq n. doughnut; deep-fried food. Lit: 'has
been put through oil'. Syn: uqsripkauqtaq.
uqsruääuaq n. castor oil.
uqsrupiaq n. oil (made from animal blubber).
uqsruq n. oil, seal oil (made from blubber, used for231

dipping food). Syn: misiàaaq. Variant: uàruq.

uqsruq- vt. to use oil (on someone); to anoint.
uqsruqâuk n. kerosene.
uqsruqâuuraq n. motor boat. Syn: igniligauraq.
uqsruqtiàun n. 1) facial oil, ointment, skin cream.

See: uqsruàun. 2) oil on base of duck tailfeathers (which it rubs on itself).
uqsruqtiq- vt. to rub oil on, to apply lotion, to apply
ointment. See: miäuluk-.
uqsruqtuuq n. herring.
uqsruu- vi. to be fat; to be greasy, oily, fatty. Syn:quiñi-.
uqsruuâuuraq n. steamboat; tugboat.
uquani pos. located at a place downriver.
uquaq- vi. to be blue. See: uquaqtaaq.
uquaqsiáiq- vi. to begin to ripen (of blueberries).
uquaqtaaq n. color blue, blue hue, something blue.
uquk n. mold.
uquk- vi. to be moldy; to become moldy.
uqumaiái- vi. to gain weight, to become heavier. Syn:uqsrak- ; uviññak-.
uqumaiái- vt. to add weight.
uqumaiáiraq- vi. 1) to be overloaded (of a vehicle).
2) to be troubled by a burden.
uqumaiáutaq n. excess weight, extra heavy. Putu
uqumaiáutaqaqtuq. Putu has excess weight.
uqumaisilaaàun n. scale.
uqumaisilaaq- vt. to weigh something.
uqumait- vi. to be heavy; to have weight.
uqumman n. caribou skin used for bedding. Syn:atliàaq; ikivàaq; qaatchiaq; tuääiun;tuttaat. Variant: uqummatit.
uqummatit n. bedding. Syn: atliàaq; avrat;
ikivàaq; qaatchiaq; tuäiutit; tuttaat.
Variant: uqumman.
uqummiaksraq n. unused, fresh chewing tobacco.
Syn: uiáaaksraq. Variant: uqummiaq.
uqummiaq n. chewing tobacco. See: kutchuun;
puvliàniq. Variant: uqummiaksraq.
uqummiaq- vt. 1) to suck on something in mouth.
2) to chew tobacco. Syn: uiáaaq-.
uqummiaqataaq n. candy.
uqummiq- vt. 1) to keep something in one's mouth(e.g. candy, chewing tobacco, etc). 2) to close
one's mouth tightly. Variant: ipummiq-;
upummiq-.
uqummirriq- vt. to put s.t. into one's mouth (e.g.
candy, chewing tobacco, etc).
uquq n. 1) shelter, sheltered place. Variant:uqquuniq. 2) protective cover to provide
warmth.
uquq- vi. 1) to be well-insulated (of clothing, house,etc.). 2) to have warm, insulated winter clothes.
uquqsaq- vt. to dress in warm winter clothing, to add

uqutmugaaqinsulation to a house. See: uqquaàik-.

uqutmugaaq- vi. to walk or travel with the wind at

one's back. Syn: tunuluqaaq-. Variant:uqumigaaq-; uqunmuuq-.
uqutmun pos.adv. toward downriver.
uquuk- vi. 1) to be sheltered from the wind. Syn:
qamannit-; uqqit-. 2) to be windproof.
uquuniq n. sheltered place. Syn: akivik;
qamannirvik; uquq. Variant: uquq.
uquunisima- vi. to stay in a sheltered, calm place.
uquutaq n. 1) windbreak. 2) shield. Syn: paggutaq;
taalutaq.
urgiasruk- vi. 1) to feel an illness coming on; to feel
physical pain. Syn: sakniuq-. 2) to be lonely.
Syn: kiñunàuu-. 3) to feel impending birth(baby ready to "move out" at the end of thegestation period). Variant: urgiasuk-.
urgiasruk- vt. to miss someone (loved one or closefriend), to fail to meet someone. Syn:iñuiáaàuti-; ivaàiatchi-; kiñuviannak-;piitchi-.
urgiiáim aqargia n. sharp-tailed grouse. Pediocetes
phasianellus.
urgiiáiq n. birch tree.
urguaq- vi. to have a vision: the mystical experienceof "seeing" something. Syn: qiñiquuraaq-;
tautuktuuraaq-.
urraaq- vt. to gesticulate.
urrakusraun n. parable; example.
urrakusrautigi- vt. to use as an example.
urraq n. 1) fermented walrus flipper (meat and skin).
Variant: utraq. 2) hairless skin after soaking in
its blubber (top skin peels off). Syn: utitchiaq.
Variant: utraq.
urriqa- vi. to signal by using ones' arms, to makegestures with one's arms to communicate with adistant person or a deaf person. Syn: nuluqtuq-.
urriqsuq- vt. 1) to show; to demonstrate. Syn:qiñikkiq-. 2) to teach; to give directions; to give
instructions.
urriqsuuti- vt. to give directions; to show the way.
urriqsuutriâiq n. instruction; direction.
usiaq n. load, cargo. Variant: usriaq.
usiaq- vt. to haul a load, to transport. Syn: usriaq-.
usiàaq- vi. to spill, to overflow (e.g. when carrying afull cup). Syn: kuvi-; siáivla-; usriàaula-. See:siqi-.
usiàaqtuàniq n. spilled liquid.
usiiq- vi. to overturn (of sled) thus spilling the load.
usiiyaq- vt. to unload, to remove the cargo. Syn: niu-;
niuri-. Variant: usriiyaq-.
usikataq- vt. to carry a load.
usiááaaq- vi. to be naked from the waist down.
usiááaq- vt. to remove pants, to take one's own pants

utitchiaq
down. Syn: kiviqi-.

usiääuatchauraq n. male whale.
usiääuatchiaq n. medium-size male whale.
usriaq n. load (sled), cargo. Variant: usiaq.
usriaq- vt. to haul a load, to transport. Variant:usiaq-.

usriaqsiàaaq- vi. to ride around (on a snow
machine, sled). Variant: usiaqsiàaaq-.

usriaqsiq- vi. to ride, to be a passenger. Umialiksi

usriaqsiqsuq natmaksiàviämi. Your king is
riding on a beast of burden. Variant: usiaqsiq-.
usriàaula- vi. to overflow, to flow over the brim of acontainer. Syn: siqi-; siáivla-; ukpitaala-;usiàaq-.
usriiyaq- vt. to unload. Syn: niu-; niuri-. Variant:usiiyaq-.
usriáiq- vt. to load up a vehicle: car, boat, sled, etc.
Syn: iksri-; iku-; ikuk-. Variant: usriáii-;usiáiq-.
usriqsuq- vi. to get into an overloaded boat or sled, toembark an overloaded vehicle.
usruk n. penis. Syn: quààivik. Variant: usuk (C).
usruuraq n. clitoris. See: utchuk. Variant: usuuraq(C).
utaqqi- vi. to wait, to tarry. Syn: misiksruq-;
taqqi-. See: iäiuq-; itchuq-.
utaqqigi- vt. to await, to wait for, to expect. Variant:taqqigi-.
utaqqiñäuq- vi. to be anxious; to be eager; to get
tired of waiting. Variant: taqqiñäuq-.
utaqqiqpauraq- vi. to wait for a long time.
Variant: taqqiqpauraq-.
utaqqisiraq- vt. to save for someone, to keep forsomeone. Variant: taqqisiraq-.
utchikit- vi. to have a small load capacity.
utchiqsu- vi. to have a large load capacity.
utchuk n. 1) vulva. 2) vagina.
uti- vi. 1) to grow bald. Syn: nuyaiq-. 2) to fall out(of hair on pelt or skin). Syn: iài-.
utiàmik- vi. to go back and forth; to keep comingback in.
utiàrak- vi. 1) to bounce back. 2) to return the same
day after reaching one's destination. See:
iämiq-; kaäiááit-; kinilit-; utiq-; uttaqi-.
utiàrakkaq- vi. 1) to be reflected. See: qivliaraq-.
2) to ricochet (of bullet, arrow).
utiniq n. 1) bald spot (on pelt or head). 2) dry,hairless, scorched skin. Syn: uutiàniq.
utiq- vi. to return; to go back. Syn: utiàrak-; uttaqi-.
utiqtaq- vi. to go back and forth; to walk in and out.
utiqtit- vt. to return something. See: aggiqi-.
utit- vt. to remove hair from animal skin. Syn:iàisaq-; mitquiq-.
utitchiaq n. skin which is left to 'rot', so that the hair232

utkuauumaruaq

can be easily removed. After removing the hair,
it is cleaned and bleached by the weather(usually mild spring and winter weather). It canbe dyed red and used for mukluk strings orsummer mukluks. Syn: utraq; urraq.
utkua dem.pron. those down there. Syn: unna,
utkuak.
utkunani those down there (locative).
utkunuäa toward those down there (terminalis).
utkunakäa from those down there (ablative).
Variant: utkunaääa (C).
utkunuuna through those down there (vialis).
utkunatun like those down there (similaris).
utkuniäa those down there, with those down
there (modalis).
utkuak dem.pron. those two down there. Syn: unna,
utkua.
utkuänaäni those two down there (locative).
utkuänuäa toward those two down there(terminalis).
utkuänakäa from those two down there(ablative). Variant: utkuänaääa (C).
utkuänuuna through those two down there(vialis).
utkuänaktun like those two down there(similaris).
utkuäniäa those two down there, with those two
down there (modalis).
utkusigauraq n. tin can.
utkusrik n. cooking pot. Syn: niqâiuàun. Variant:utkusik (C).
utkusriutaq n. rope and hook apparatus used to holda cooking pot over fire. Variant: utkusiutaq.
utkutchiàvik n. grill used over an open fire or camp
stove.
utlak- vt. to approach, to go toward. Putum niàiruat
utlakkai. Putu approached the ones eating.
utlaqataaq- vi. to come over to visit. Syn:iññiaqataaq-; isiqataaq-; qaiqataaq-.
utlauti- vt. to approach. Putu utlautiruq
niàiruanun. Putu approaches the ones eating.
utniq n. hairless skin, skin with hair removed. Syn:urraq; utraq.
utäuâuk n. unnatural growth on a tree. See: utäuq.
utäuq n. wart.
utqiq n. potato. Syn: asiaàruaq; asriaàruaq. See:masru.
utquti- vt. to return something. Syn: utiqtit-. See:
aggiqi-. Variant: utqutri-.
utqutri- vt. to bring back (with oneself).
utraq n. 1) fermented meat from walrus or ugruk
flippers. Variant: urraq. 2) hairless skin after
soaking (of animals). Syn: utitchiaq. Variant:urraq.

233

uttaqi- vt. to return an item. Qipmim uttaqiraàigaa

iämi miàiakkani. A dog always returns to his
own vomit. Syn: utiàrak-; utiq-.
utukkuu excl. it is small; it is too small; too little.
Variant: uutukkuu.
utummak n. palm of hand. Syn: aàvak.
utuqqanaaq n. old person; senior citizen. See:aaquaksraatchiaq; aäugaatchiaq.
utuqqanaat n. old people, elders (in church). Syn:qaukâiich; umialiänat.
utuqqaq n. something old; something ancient.
utuqqaqtaq n. ancient artifact, fossilized ivory. Syn:
aippaaniqnisaq; alàaqsaq; imakäaqtaq;
iäiáàaqnisaq; taimakäaqtaq.
utuqqau- vi. to be old.
utuqqauniqsraq n. the oldest person in a family orvillage. Variant: utuqqauniqtaq.
utuvik n. scalp, skin under hair.
uugaq n. tomcod. Boreogadus saida.
uuguyaaq- vt. to threaten to strike someone.
uuk- vt. 1) to test something out. Syn: uuktuaq-.
2) to taste. Syn: uuksi-; uuktuaq-.
uukaq- vt. to fill the seams of a boat with cotton or
fabric. Syn: uvsigi-; uvsiqsruq-.
uukkaaq- vi. 1) to erode (of earth). 2) to comecrashing down (of land, ice as when water orwind break off ice or cliffs). Syn: sisuuk-.
uukâi- vt. to cut up for cooking.
uukâivik n. cutting board.
uuksi- vt. to taste; to take a sip. Syn: imiàaqsiááaa-;imillaa-; imiqsiááaa-. Variant: uuk-;uuktuaq-.
uuktuaàun n. trial; test. Syn: sakiqniuàun. See:iâuiááiuâiq.
uuktuaq- vt. 1) to try out; to test. Variant: uuk-.
2) to taste. Syn: uuk-; uuksi-.
uuktuq n. measure.
uuktuun n. 1) measuring device. 2) ruler.
2) example.
uuligruk- vi. to be frustrated.
uulik- vi. to shiver; to tremble; to shake from hunger,
fear, etc.
uulikâuk n. jellyfish. Syn: iáari.
uuma- vi. to be alive (of an animal or plant). Syn:uumaruaq-.
uumaa n. 1) woman's female friend of the same age.
Variant: uumaaq. 2) woman's female cousin.
Syn: aànaqan. 3) namesake's wife. Syn: anaaq.
uumaaq n. girlfriend, woman's friend of about sameage. Syn: anaaq; iñuuqqan. Variant: uumaa.
uumalaaq- vi. to be lively (of a child or an adult).
Syn: uumaruaq-.
uumaq n. fresh plant; green wood.
uumaruaq n. creature, live being.

uumaruaquumaruaq- vi. 1) to be alive. Syn: uuma-. 2) to belively. Syn: uumalaaq-.
uumigiri n. enemy. Variant: uumiksriri.
uumiksri- vt. to hate. Putum
uumiksriuraaàutigaa. Putu keeps on hating
someone. Variant: uumigi-; uumiksriâiq-.
uumiksriri n. enemy; one who hates. Variant:uumigiri.
uumiksrugruaàun n. bitterness (mental ill feeling).
uumiáa- vi. to make a face, as when displeased,
angry, or eating something bad-tasting. See:
iqumiraaq-.
uumiñaq n. teaser; that which causes annoyance.
Syn: agiurrun; nagrutaq.
uumiñaq- vi. to be annoying; to be irritating.
uumiäaaq- vt. to meet someone for the first time.
See: paaq-.
uumisaaqâiq- vt. 1) to provoke anger, to incite toanger, to enrage. 2) to tease, to pester. Syn:agak- (2); maagri-; pisaayugaq-.
uumisaaqti n. provoker, troublemaker, one stirring
people. Syn: akatchiri.
uumisuk- vi. to feel angry; to feel mad. Syn: qiniq-;
qinnak-; uumitchak-.
uumisuutiâiq n. strife.
uumitchai- vt. to make angry, to cause s.o. to become
angry. Variant: uumitchaktit-.
uumitchak- vi. to become angry. Putu
uumitchallaktiqtuq. Putu flew into a rage.
Syn: qiniq-; qinnak-; uumisuk-.
uumitchaktit- vt. to make angry, to cause s.o. tobecome angry. See: immaqâuk-. Variant:uumitchai-.
uumitchauti- vt. to become angry at someone orsomething.
uummaàiaq- vt. to go to get firewood.
uummaàmiu n. forest dweller, person who lives inan area with lots of trees.
uummai- vi. to get an erection.
uummak- vi. to revive.
uumman n. heart.
uummaq n. timber, forest.
uummatilik n. anything with a heart.
uummatmiutaq n. motivation.
uuna dem.adv. through near the doorway, throughnear the exit. See: ugga.
uunaaq- vi. to be moving through the area by thedoor.
uunaalik n. boiled fresh maktak; anything that is
cooked, boiled and eaten right away. Syn:uuruq.
uunaaq- vi. to be lukewarm. Syn: uunaavyuk-.
uunaaqpalak- vi. 1) to rise (anger). 2) to experiencehot flashes.

uutiquunaaqsruktiq- vi. to experience a physical reaction
to fear, worry, (heart beats quickly, etc.).
Variant: uunaaqsruktaq-.
uunaaqsruqsaaàaq- vi. to tingle, to have sensationfrom emotional stimulus (of body). Syn:ikiaqsaaàaq-.
uunaavyuk- vi. to be lukewarm. Syn: uunaaq-.
uunaq- vi. to be hot.
uunaqsi- vi. to become warm, to become hot.
Nipliàaqtusi uunaqsiñiaànipáugu aasii
uunaàuàaqtuq. You always say that it is going
to become hot, and it does turn hot.
uunaqtaaàaun n. 1) hot pad. 2) warm poultice;cataplasm.
uunnaq n. 1) heat. 2) flush of embarrassment.
uunnaqâuk- vi. to have a fever. Putu
uunnaqâuqaqtuq. Putu has a high fever.
uunnaqâuksiun n. thermometer (for taking bodytemperature). Syn: uunnaqtilaaàun.
uunnaqsaun n. stove; heater.
uunnaqsautiqpak n. furnace.
uunnaqsi- vt. to heat (e.g. water).
uunnaqsiivik n. kettle for heating water. Syn:saiñik. Variant: uunnaqsitchiivik.
uunnaqsiq- vt. to heat something, to makesomething warm or hot.
uunnaqtilaaàun n. thermometer (for taking bodytemperature). Syn: uunnaqâuksiun.
uunniq n. burn (any surface).
uunniqi- vi. to suffer from heat; to be too warm.
uunäait- vi. to be undercooked (of meat); to not be
done. Syn: uipasulaaq-.
uuäa dem.adv. toward exit, near the doorway. See:ugga.
uuäatmun dem.adv. toward exit.
uuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward exit (focus:
direction).
uuäaq- vi. to go toward exit (focus: actor).
uuäauti- vt. to take toward exit (focus: goal).
uupasulaaq n. meat cooked "rare", not overdone,
not raw. Variant: uipasulaaq; uupiaàniàiáaq.
uupiaàniàiáaq n. food cooked rare. Variant:uupasulaaq.
uuq- vi. to get a rash (usually of babies with diaperrash). See: kumaksruk-; paumit-; pupik-;uäiáak-.
uuruliuq- vi. to boil meat.
uuruq n. boiled meat. See: uunaalik.
uut- vi. 1) to be done (of meat). 2) to get sun-burned.
uutiàniq n. 1) scar from a burn. Syn: uutiqtinniq.
2) scorched animal hide, shriveled animal hide.
Syn: utiniq. See: ugrugaviñiq.
uutiq- vi. to get burnt; to get scorched. Variant:uutit-.

234

uutiqtinniq

uvlaavakuutiqtinniq n. burn: an injury caused by fire or(terminalis).

heat. Syn: uutiàniq.
uutiqtit- vi. to get burnt (skin, clothing, etc.). See:uutiqtinniq.
uutiqtit- vt. to overexpose, to cause to become burnt(from sun or other light source).
uutukkuu! excl. how tiny! Syn: aatakaa! Variant:utukkuu!
uuyu n. 1) enclitic, in Iñupiat grammar (something
added on). 2) extension, addition to the length ofsomething. Syn: iigu.
uuyu- vt. 1) to add an extension. Syn: iigu- (C). 2) tobind together. Syn: iigu- (C).
uuyu- vi. to be linked (to something).
uuyuliaq- vi. to dodge arrows (during messenger
feast).
uuyuliktit- vi. to walk in single file, to follow inuninterrupted order. Syn: kiñuàaqâiàiik-;
maligiik-; tunulliàiik-; iiguliktit-.
uuyuqâiq n. furthest extension of something.
Variant: uiyuqâiq.
uuyurat n. 1) stringed fish, stringed fish: six to eightdried fish linked together. See: iqmaktaq;
paniqtaq. 2) three stars of sword in theconstellations Orion. Lit: 'linked ones'. Syn:tuviqqat.
uuyusrima- vi. to be aimed at (of a weapon), to be
trained at. Syn: iigusima-; nalautinniaq-.
Variant: uuyusrima-.
uuyuuqti n. interpreter. Syn: iiguuqti.
uvaagaq- vi. 1) to tilt, to list, to dip bow and sternalternately (of a boat). Syn: uviq-. 2) to urinate
with a leg up (of dog). Variant: uvaak-.
uvaak- vi. 1) to list; to tilt; to lean to one side.
Variant: uviq-. 2) to urinate with a leg up (ofdog). Variant: uvaagaq-.
uvaaäa- vi. to be lopsided; to dip lower on one sidethan on the other. Variant: uviäa-.
uvaaäaniq n. mountain base with a gradual slope.
Variant: uvaagniq.
uvaguk pron. the two of us; we two.
uvagut pron. we; us (three or more).
uvakäa dem.adv. from here. Syn: tarakäa,
tavraääa. See: uvva. Variant: uvaääa (C).
uvakäaq- vi. to go from here (focus: actor).
Variant: uvaääaq-.
uvakäauti- vt. to take from here (focus: goal).
Variant: uvaääauti-.
uvani dem.adv. located here. Syn: tavrani, tarani.
See: uvva.
uvaniaäagun through here somewhere (vialis).
uvaniaäani located here somewhere (locative).
uvaniaäaniñ from here somewhere (ablative).
uvaniaäanun toward here somewhere

235

uvaäa pron. I; me.
uvaääa (C) dem.adv. from here. See: uvva.
Variant: uvakäa.

uvaääaq- vi. to go from here (focus: actor).
Variant: uvakäaq-.

uvaääauti vt. to take from here (focus: goal).
Variant: uvakäauti-.

uviàaaq- vi. to waddle; to walk with short steps thattilt the body from side to side. Syn:uluqhuqtaaq-; uluqtaaq-. See:paallakataaliq-.
uviáu n. clam; shellfish; mussel; snail. Variant:uviáuq.
uviáuq n. clam, shellfish, mussel, snail. Variant:uviáu; iiviáuq.
uviñauq- vi. to whistle. Syn: uviñäiaq-.
uviñauyuk vi. American or common scoter duck.
Oidemia nigra.
uviñàuq n. undershirt; T-shirt.
uviñigluk- vi. rough skin on person. Syn: amiàáuk-.
uviñiq n. human skin, epidermis.
uviñiq- vi. to be fat; to be obese.
uviññak- vi. to gain weight (after an illness). Syn:uqsrak-; uqumaiái-.
uviññiraaq- vi. to go bare-legged (without stockings
or long underwear).
uviñäiaq- vi. to whistle. See: uviñauq-.
uviñäiuqsraun n. whistle (instrument).
uviäa- vi. to be lopsided; to dip lower one one sidethan the other. Variant: uvaaäa-.
uviäatilaaàun n. level (used in carpentry).
uviäatilaaq- vi. to use a level (to make sure a surface
is level).
uviq- vi. to tilt; to list; to dip one side lower than theother. Variant: uvaak-.
uviqtaq- to keep listing, to keep rolling (of boat).
uviqtaq n. tilt ; sideways roll (of a boat). See:uvaagaq-.
uvkulik- vi. to break (main part of a sled: all
stanchions). See: upkulik-.
uvlaakuksraq n. future (tomorrow).
uvlaakun adv. tomorrow. Variant: uvlaaku.
uvlaakutaaq- vt. to delay, to procrastinate. Syn:aqagutaaq-; ayuqi-; aatnagutaaq-;maatnagutaaq-; tikiutchiq-.
uvlaakutqik adv. day after tomorrow.
uvlaapak adv. this morning. Variant: uvlaavak.
uvlaaq n. morning; this morning.
uvlaatchau- vi. to be early in the morning. See:uvlaatchiaq.
uvlaatchiaq n. dawn. See: uvlaatchau-. Variant:uvluayaaq.
uvlaavak adv. this morning. Variant: uvlaapak.

uvliuvli- vi. 1) to spend a day in an area. 2) to take abreak while traveling or working.
uvlik- vi. to shrink, to decrease in size. Syn:
manäuq-; mikâi-. Variant: uglik-.
uvluayaaq n. dawn. Variant: uvlaatchiaq.
uvluàiam anaäa n. trail of a comet, shooting star;meteor. Lit: 'star's feces'.
uvluàiaq n. star.
uvluàiasugruk n. North Star, Polaris.
uvluàirraaq- vi. to shine (stars). See: kirratchiaq-;
siqiññaaàik-.
uvluiáaq n. December. Lit: 'one that lacks day(light)'.
Syn: siqiñàiáaq.
uvluiágit- vi. to wane, to become shorter (of days).
Variant: uvlukâi-.
uvluiq- vi. to end (of day).
uvlukâi- vi. to wane, to become shorter (of days). Syn:uvluiágit-. Variant: uvlukikâi-.
uvlupak adv. today.
uvluq n. day.
uvluq- vi. to begin (of day); to break (of day).
uvluqtusri- vi. to get longer (of days). Variant:uvluqtusi-.
uvluun n. 1) nest (bird). Akiàuàluksipáuni
tiämiãuich uvluutiqaàvigiraàniàaat. Using
tree branches, birds always have a place where
they have a nest. Syn: uglu. 2) source of light(mythology: raven searching for the source oflight).
uvluutit n. 1) bird's nest. Syn: uglu. Variant: uvluun.
2) crow's nest (on top of mast).
uvluvak adv. today. Variant: uglupak.
uvluyuiáaq n. brass; bronze. Syn: patukpak.
uvsigi- vt. to fill cracks. Syn: uukaq-. See: puya.
Variant: uvsiqsruq-.
uvsiit- vi. 1) to be sparse, to be not compact. 2) to be
widespread, to be widely separated.
uvsik- vi. 1) to be dense (of forest, brush, plants, etc.).
Variant: upsik-. 2) to be closely grouped (of aherd). Variant: upsik-. 3) to be tightly woven(of fabric).
uvsiqsruq- vt. to fill a crack; to chink; to caulk (on ahouse); to patch a seam (on a skin boat). Syn:
uukaq-. Variant: uvsigi-.
uvsiqsruun n. caulking, filler (composition,
especially a semisolid that hardens on drying,used to fill pores, cracks, or holes in wood,
plaster, or other construction surfaces before
finishing).
uvuäa dem.adv. to here, toward here. See: uvva.
uvuäatmun dem.adv. toward here.
uvuäatmuk- vi. to be heading toward here
(focus: direction).
uvuäaq- vi. to move to here (focus: actor).

uyuniquvuäauti- vt. to take to here (focus: goal).
uvuäatchauraq- vi. to blow, causing only a few
feet of visibility (of wind).

uvuuna dem.adv. through here. See: uvva.
uvuunaaq- vi. to travel through here.
uvva encl. should (in "unrealized" grammatical tense).
Aäiáaaàuma-uvva. I really should go homenow.
uvva dem.adv. here: stationary/specific. Uvvaunaaglausimaruaq Miiyukun. This now is what
was written about Miiyuk. Syn: marra. See:uvani, uvuäa, uvakäa (uvaääa), uvuuna see charts.
uvva-asiiñ conj. and then this.
uvva-kii conj. for; because. Variant: uvva-takku.
uvva-liqaa excl. Oh yes, so it is; Now I understand!
uvvaq- vi. to bathe, to take a bath. Syn: ivvaq-;
kiñitchiq-. Variant: uvvaqtuq-.
uvva-suli conj. and then this.
uvva-takku conj. for; because. Variant: uvva-kii.
uvvatuq excl. wishing. See: -asru.
uyagruaq- vi. to raise head above water (of seal).
uyaàak n. 1) stone ; rock. Syn: iyaàak. 2) sinker(weight that causes a bottom line of a net toremain down). Syn: kiviqqutaq. See: atliñiq;
qimiq.
uyak- vi. to hover (of seal with head just above
water), to balance in suspension (of a seal).
uyaktaq- vi. to tread water (of a seal), to bob up anddown (of a seal).
uyalulaq n. whirlwind. Syn: iyalulasaaq;
tuunàaurisaaq.
uyamik n. 1) interior of gun barrel. 2) hollow part ofa cylinder. 3) needle case carved of bone. Syn:
ikpiaàruk; imurvik.
uyamitquaq n. necklace. Syn: nuàluàun.
uyamitquq n. 1) earring. 2) hanging hair under lower
jaw of moose or caribou.
uyuàu n. nephew; niece. Syn: nuaàaaluk. See:tutaaluk; tutik.
uyuk- vi. to dance Iñupiaq style (of a woman). Syn:aààipiaq-; sayuq-; uamit-. See: aääuaq-;
naqigáiuraq-; taliq-.
uyumiäa nunam n. air; atmosphere. Syn: siáa.
uyumiq n. 1) mirage, inverted reflection of distantobject(s), resulting from distortion of light byalternate layers of hot and cool air. 2) layer ofatmosphere through which shamans must pass to
get to the moon.
uyumiq- vi. to shimmer from heat; to appear in areflection on water or through heat waves in air.
uyumiq- vt. to invert an image (because of layers ofheat), to distort an image. Syn: iñipkaq-.
uyuniq- vi. to be misty; to be blurred. Syn: miñik-;236

yaàiãhaq

yuvàuq-niptaiq-.

Y - yyaàiãhaq n. knife sheath. Syn: kiinaiáisaq.
yahii! excl. my goodness!; oh no!
yai excl. oh boy!; how nice!; Just right!
yugyuaàaun n. tool for making bullroarer (fromavavsiáauraq.

yuukiik- vi. 1) to be mismatched. 2) to deviate, toswerve. Syn: saquuq-.

baleen or wood).

yuàaisuq- vt. to invite dancers from another village.
Syn: aiyugaaq-; itqu-; tukkiqsuq-;
tuyuàmiaqsaq-.
yuukaaq n. skirt (from Russian: yupka). Syn:

237

yuuqaksraq n. tea leaves; coffee.
yuuqaq n. hot beverage, e.g. tea or coffee.
yuuqaq- vi. to drink a hot drink (tea, coffee, etc).
yuvàuq n. fish slime. Syn: nivguq.
yuvàuq- vi. to be slimy (of fish). Syn: nivguq-.

238

Postbases

239

240

INTRODUCTION TO THE POSTBASES
A postbase in Iñupiatun is a derivational suffix: it takes on an expanded or a new meaning. Thisaffix stands in contrast to an inflectional suffix. A derivational suffix attaches to a stem (noun orverb), whereas an inflectional suffix attaches to the end of a word. For example, the English –er is a
derivational sufix when it is added to the verb paint; the sufix changes the verb into the noun painter.
If more than one painter is in focus, an inflectional suffix is added, the –s, to render the word as
painters. However, postbases in Iñupiatun play a much more important role than derivational affixes
in English.

A postbase modifies the meaning of the stem, or another postbase, to which it is attached. In
most cases, that means that the order of the words parallels the order of the English words, only inreverse order. For example,
Base
P-b
P-b
P-b
EndingUmiaq -(q)pak -si -(s)uk
tuq
boat
big
buy want
3sg
Umiaqpaksisuktuq.
He wants to buy a big boat.
However, now consider,
Base
Base
P-b
p-b
p-b
p-b
EndingIñuk kamanaq-itniqsraq -(ä)u
-niaq
-tuq
persongreat
be notmostto be going to3sg
Iñuk kamanaiññiqsrauniaqtuq.
The person is not going to be the greatest. =The person is going to be the least.
This example shows that at times the sum total of the postbases renders a different meaning than atfirst apparent.
Base
Base
P-b
P-b Ending
Base
EndingTaatnait-tuksrau -nàittuq
ili-psitñi
like that to be
must
not
3sg
pron.base 2/3 person
2pl
Taatniituksraunàitchuq
ilipsitñi.
It must not be like thatamong you.
And in this example, the English translation does not allow a straight reading from the back; rather,
the modal auxiliary ‘must’ occurs before the ‘not’ in English. As these examples show, there arecases where the postbase ordering does not correspond with the English translation.
There are four classes of postbases with regards to their form. These forms are marked in the
postbase section of the dictionary.
1) It modifies the meaning of a noun and leaves it a noun, marked ‘n-n’;

2412) it modifies the meaning of a noun and changes the complex stem to a verb stem, marked ‘n-v’;3) it modifies the meaning of a verb and leaves it a verb, marked ‘v-v’; and4) it modifies the meaning of a verb and changes the complex stem to a noun, marked ‘v-n’.
There are various classes of postbases with regard to their function. There is no prescribed orderof these; however, if present, postbases of the first class occur first.
1) those that build a new word, such as changing a noun to function as a verb;
2) those that relate the aspect of the action, the progress, or the state of a stem, such as begin, will,
and others;3) those that express modal auxiliaries, such as must, can, should, and others;4) those that modify adverbially, such as big, old, fast, and others;5) those that negate or express lack, such as not, without, and others; and6) those that comment on the whole expression, such as evidential, hearsay, and others.
The postbases are listed alphabetically. Postbases have hyphens in front and in back. Numerous
postbases have alternate forms. I have included several sample sentences with the listed form of the
postbase. The user needs to look at these sentences to determine which alternate forms are possible
and which form needs to be used to connect to the stem in question. For example, -aqsi- ‘begin an
action/inchoative’ also has these forms, -kaqsi- and –gaqsi-. Looking at the sample sentences, the user
can find such sentences as, Putu tikitkaqsiruq ‘Putu is about to arrive’ and Qattaq imaigaqsiruq ‘thebucket is getting empty.’ These samples show that –kaqsi- is added to stems, which end in /t/ and-gaqsi- is added when the postbase follows two vowels; in all other cases the listed form –aqsiapplies.
Another type of postbase may have only one consonant at the beginning, but that consonantchanges depending on the stem-final consonant, for example –tuksrau- ‘must, should’. In the sentence
Taiguutiqaqtuksraunàiqsuäa iàñipnik ‘Don’t call me your son anymore’ the initial /t/ of the postbase
remains because it followed the voiceless stop /q/. However, if the same postbase follows a vowel, it
takes a different shape, for example Atuumaruksrauäipiaqtuq ilipnun ‘It really must not happen to
you’. The example shows that the initial consonant has changed when it follows a vowel. It also
shows two other happenings: 1) the postbase for the negative –nàit- has a different form, –äit- ‘not’(in the coastal variation) and, 2) another postbase, –piaq- ‘really’ is “stronger” than the final
consonant of the previous postbase, which is deleted in the process.
One more type of postbase should be mentioned, the so-called “suppletive.” This type of postbase
has two completely different forms with the same meaning, for example, -iaq- ‘to purpose’ whichalternates with –tyaq- ‘to purpose’. The sentence Putu iààuàiaqtuq ‘Putu has gone to wash [himself]’
expresses purposeful action just as much as the sentence Aggiqsugut sitquàvigityaqtuaqâugu ‘We
arrived and purposed to kneel before him (=came in order to worship him).’
There are various patterns as to how the postbases attach to a previous base or postbase. Different
processes apply to change either the stem or the postbases according to the different environments inwhich they occur. It is therefore important that you, the user of this dictionary, read the sample
sentences under each postbase carefully. The governing rules will become clear soon enough.

242

-aàruk--asrugi-A - a-aàruk- der.af. 1) to be old. Reversal: old, to be ~.

Putu atigaaàruqaqtuq. Putu
atigaaqâuqaqtuq. Putu has an old tatteredparka. See: -qâuk. Variant: -aqâuk. [Gram: nn] 2) far, far away; further. Reversal: far ;further. Ammasaaàruk! It is far over there!
[Gram: adv-expr]-ala- der.af. intensifier. Reversal: intensifier.
Iñupayaat niprualaniqsut. All the people
were shouting. Igitkisigaich ikualaruamun
uunaksautmun. They will throw them into a
blazing furnace. [Gram: v-v]
-aluaq- der.af. although, though, rather, but (whenimplied); alright (this is non-standard English).
Reversal: although ; though ; rather ; but (whenimplied). Aäiáaaàukkaluaqtuäa. I would
rather like to go home 'alright'. Putu
aäigaluaqtuq. Putu is rather big (himself).
Putum aànaat uqsruugaluaqtuaq. Putu's
wife used to be rather fat (, but is not so
anymore). Putu siñiktuksraunàitchaluaqtuq.
Putu has been sleeping when he should not(sleep). Uqautiraksraàaluapsitäa. You shouldhave talked to me (but you didn't) [Gram: v-v]
-aluaq- der.af. 1) former. Reversal: former. Taamna
aäun uigaluaàa. That man is my former
husband. Ilaa iáisautrigigaluakkaqput. He is aformer teacher of ours. [Gram: n-n] 2) earlier,before. Reversal: earlier ; before.
Taatniinàitchaluaqtuaq. It didn't used to bethat way before. [Gram: v-v]
-aluk- der.af. 1) big, grand; old, aged. Reversal:
big/grand ; old/aged. Tutaaluk. A big, old
grandson. Panialuga. My big grand daughter.
[Gram: n-n] 2)-anik- der.af. compl.act. Reversal: compl.act. Putu
tikitkanikpa? (C) Putu tikiñäanikpa? Did
Putu already arrive? Putu aullaaniktuq. Putu
has already left. Miiyuk uuktuaäanikpa? Did
Miiyuk already try? Kamäich
uuktuaäaniäagitka. (C) Kamäich
uuktuaäanikkitka. I have tried the boots on
already. [Gram: v-v]
-aq- der.af. habitual action (by nature). Reversal:
habitual action. Iáaalugruaq qiaraqtuq. The
child is always crying. Tarrali maligaqtuq. He
follows every time. Tamauäa unitchaàigaa.
He leaves it there every time. Aullaqqaaqhuni
utiàaqtuq. After he leaves he always comes243

back. Putu imiqtitchiugaqtuq. Putu is always
entreating (people) to drink. Putu
siñiktuuraqtiqataqtuq. Putu keeps dozing off.
Putu siñiguitáaiàuraqtuq. Putu cannot getenough sleep. Syn: -suu; -taq; -usriq. Variant:-ugaq; -uraq.
-aqâuk- der.af. old, aged; used; bad. Reversal: old ;bad ; aged ; used. Taamna tupaaqâuk uvva.
That old house (decrepit). Miiyuum niqaaqâukpaqitkaa qanisaàmiñi. Miiyuk found old foodin her stormshed (still edible because prepared atearlier time). Taamnauvva kamaaqâuk. Thatone is usable old boot. See: -qâuk. Variant:-aàruk. [Gram: n-n]
-aqsi- der.af. beginning of action, or state, or event;inchoative. Reversal: inchoative: beginning ofaction, state or event. Qaaglaan iáisaaqsivich?
When did you start studying? Putu
aäiáaagaqsiruq. Putu aigaqsiruq. (C) Putu is
about to go home. Putu agliqilgusriaqsiruq.
Putu is getting to be a skillful reader. Putu
tikitkaqsiruq. Putu is about to arrive. Qattaq
imaigaqsiruq. The bucket is getting empty.
Putu aullautriaqsiruq qattamik. Putu started
out taking the bucket with him. Syn: -âhiñaaq;-yasri. Variant: -sruaq. [Gram: v-v]
-asugi- (C) der.af. to assume, to think that...
Reversal: assume, to think that... Putu
itqumanasugigiga. (C) I think Putu is awake.
Putu niàiñasruginiàiga. I think that Putu
already ate. Putu, kamanaàasugivich? Putu
kamanaàasrugivich? (K) Do you think you
are great, Putu? Savaaqput suiáaamun
innasugalugu. [Thinking that] All our work
might be for naught. Variant: -asrugi. [Gram:v-v]-asruaq- der.af. quickly. Reversal: quickly. Putu
imiàasruaqtuq niàiñasruaqhuni. Putu isdrinking (water) fast because he is eating
quickly. Putu pisrukkasruaqtuq taiñuäa.
Putu is walking quickly over yonder. Putu
aullaàasuaqtuq. (C) Putu aulaàasruaqtuq.
(K) Putu is leaving quickly. Syn: -tiq. Variant:-asuaq. [Gram: v-v]
-asrugi- der.af. to assume, to think that ... Reversal:
assume, to ~ ; think, to ~ that ... Putu
niàiñasrugigiga. I think Putu has eaten(already). Putu itqumanasrugigiga. I think
Putu is awake. Nakuutlukkasugivich atlaniñ?

-asruk--giik-

Do you think yourself better than others?
Variant: -asugi. [Gram: v-v]
-asruk- der.af. to assume, to think that ... Reversal:
assume, to ~ ; think, to ~ that ... Kia iñuum
tuqutchumisi savautriñasrukniaàisiruq
Agaayyutmik. Anyone, if he kills you, will
think that he does God a service. Taapkua
isrumaniqsut uqaàasrukniaqâugu
siñiksapiaqtuamik. Those people thought that
he had presumably said [of someone else] that
he had gone to sleep. Variant: -asrugi.
-ataq- der.af. [Gram: v-v] 1) to occur
frequently/regularly, and for a long time; finally.
Reversal: continually, to occur ~ for a long time.
Puvlaksautim puvlagataqtitkaa
qaqqiaksraq. The yeast at long last worked
through the dough. Putu siñigataqtuq. Putu issleeping for a long time. Iglauniqsuk
naalàataqâugu uvluq. They traveled until
evening. Sagviqsiqataqtuam iñuämiñ
taavruma qaayuànaqsiraàaàigaa iñuk.
What so frequently comes out of a person that is
it what causes a person to become corrupt. Putu
aniqsaaàataqtuq. Putu finally breathed.
2) often; again and again. Reversal: often ;repeatedly. Putu imiqtuqataqtuq. Putu drankin sudden gulps. Variant: -làataq.

-ayaaq- der.af. [Gram: n-n] 1) young one. Reversal:

young one. Piayaaq uvva. This is a young baby
bird. Amaàuayaaq uvva It is a wolf cub.
2) incomplete, half, mixed. Reversal: incomplete; mixed. Itqiáiayaaq uvva. This one is a young
Indian with mixed blood.
-ayait- der.af. would (hypothetical condition).
Reversal: would (hyptothetical). Putu
tikiññayaitchuq. Putu wouldn't have arrived.
('never' arrived) [Gram: v-v]
-ayaq- der.af. should, would. Reversal: would ;should. Putum Miiyuk iáaàinayaàaa. Putu
would recognize Miiyuk. Aasiiñ utiàuma
akuqtuitáanayaqtuäa pimñik naggutiäitñik.
Then upon my return I would have been able toget my money with interest. Putu
aquvinnayaqtuq. Putu should sit down. Putu
ayakkayaqtuq. Putu would leave by boat.
Putu ayakkayaqtuq. Putu should push off byboat. Akkuvaurapiaq tuyuàayaàaaäa.
Immediately he would send me. Putu
sitquàayaqtuq. Putu should kneel down.
Variant: -nayaq. [Gram: v-v]

CH - ch-chi- der.af. See: -sri.
-chiqi- der.af. See: -liqi.

-chuk- der.af. See: -suk.

G - g-galukkut- der.af. expression of counterexpectation:-gi-

something happens that was not expected (orvice versa); expression of surprise: gee!, oh my!
to be unexpectedly surprised. Reversal:
surprised, to be ~. Atlayuaànarruqtugalukkut
nalunikapsiuä nakitñaqtauâhagun. Isn't thatquite amazing that you don't know about where
he is from. Irrusiqãuqaàniaäitchalukkut. (C)Oh wow! She didn't have the evil spirit
anymore. Niàiyalukkut! I am surprised you areeating when you shouldn't. See: -rruqtu.
[Gram: v-v]
der.af. Existential:transitive - to have, to be.
Reversal: Existential:transitive - to have, to be.
Atigigigai Miiyuum. The parka belongs to
Miiyuk. Miiyuum piqatnaaàisrukkaatin.
Miiyuk wants to be your sweetheart. Aànam
tara Putu tutitchiaàiniàaa. Putu is the

grandchild of this woman. Putum
iniqatigivatin? Is Putu your roommate?
[Gram: v-v]
-gi- der.af. reflexive: to have something for oneself.
Reversal: reflexive: to have for oneself. Putu
iâuagiruq. Putu is pleased with himself. Iñuich
iâuagiäiññiàaat iämiñun. (C) Iñuich
iâuaginàiññiàaat. (K) The people were notpleased about it. Putu nikagiruq iämiñun.
Putu nikaruq. Putu did not have confidence inhimself. [Gram: v-v]
-gi- der.af. See: -sri.
-giak- der.af. to be many, there is abundance.
Reversal: many, to be ~ ; abundance, there is ~.
Iñugiaäniaqpat? Are there going to be many
people? Putu qipmiàiaktuq. Putu has manydogs. [Gram: n-v]
-giik- der.af. to have each other; a relationship of two,244

-giit--iaq-

a pair. Reversal: each other, to have ~ ; pair, tobe a ~. Putulu Miiyuglu iáagiiksittuk. Putu
and Miiyuk became relatives. Putum uuyurat
qalliàiiksitkai. Putu stacks strings of fish on
top of each other. [Gram: n-v]
-giit- der.af. to be or have something bad. Reversal:
bad: to be or have something ~. Siáagiitchuq.
The weather is bad. Aànaàiitchuq iñña! Boy,is that woman ever ugly! Qipmiàiitchuäa. I
have poor dogs. Kigutigiitchuq Putu. Putu hasrotten or crooked teeth. [Gram: n-v]
-gik- der.af. to be good, to be handsome/beautiful.
Reversal: good, to be ~. Miiyuk qiññaàiksuq.
Miiyuk looks beautiful. Putu tupiàiäñiqsuq
Qikiqtaàruämi. Putu had a nice house inKotzebue. Putu tiämisuutigiksuq. Putu has anice plane. Nunagiksuq. It is good land/ground.
Putu iáamaàiksuq. Putu is friendly. Miiyuk
isrumagiksuq. Miiyuk is in a good mood.
[Gram: n-v]
-gisi- der.af. future: unrealized action. Reversal:
future. Putu niàipkaàisigiga. I will feed Putu.
Miiyuk pugutchiqigisiruq uvlaakun. Miiyuk
intends to wash the dishes tomorrow. Putu
makitkisiruq iáaatnigu. Putu will get up someday (implying: he cannot now because he isdisabled). [Gram: v-v]

-gli- der.af. progressive: become. Reversal:

progressive: become. Aqigáiruq amiq. The
skin became easy to tear (aqit-). Akiàuiñ
milukataäich qituglipmata iáisimaraàigiksi
upinàaam qalliãha. When the leaves ofbranches become soft you know that summer isapproaching. Iáitchuàiniàaat imàum
ikkagliâha iñuiññaqtun israäniqtun. They
discovered the water's depth (shallowness) was
twenty fathom. Iñàich qimiàaallu
naqigáiáugich... Mountains and hills [shall]become low... Apqun takâiruq. The way isgetting longer. Siku saakâiraqtuq
upinàaksrami. The ice is getting thin in
springtime. Variant: -kâi. [Gram: v-v]
-gu- der.af. at some future time. Reversal: future
time. Qiñitqikkisiágitkikpiñ uäaliagu. (C)Qiñitqikkisiágitchikpiñ uäaliagun. (K) I will
see you again day after tomorrow.
Tuppiñiaqtugut upinàaksraàu. We are goingto build a house this coming spring.
Aäuniaàisiruäa iáaatnigun. I will go hunting
sometime in the future. [Gram: n-n]
-guk- der.af. See: -suk.

À - à-àayaat der.af. group, many of [an item]. Reversal:

group, many of [an item]. Supputiàayaat
uvva. There are many guns here.
Aäuniaqtiàayaat. A group of hunters.
Qalugayaat. A school of fish. [Gram: n-n]-àraitchiaq der.af. large. Reversal: large, to be rather~ ; big. Qipmiàraitchiaq. A large dog.
Taamna aglagviàraitchiaq. That is a big
school. [Gram: n-n]-àruaq- der.af. to be old, stale, useless. Reversal: old; stale ; useless. Qaqqiaàruaq. Stale bread
Putu atigiàruaqaqtuq. Putu has an old parka.
Ikniàvigruaq. An old stove. Puuàruat
qaaàniaqtut. The old sealskin pokes are goingto burst. See: -ruaq-. [Gram: n-n]

-àuq- der.af. become. Reversal: become.

Tavraàuqpan qaitchikkauniaqtusi
uqaksrapsitñik. At that time you are going to
be given what you should say.
Aäiniqsrauraqtuq nautchiapayaaniñ
napaaqtuàuqhuni aasriiñ. It usually thebiggest of all seeds and becomes a tree.
Napaaqtuqpaguqtuq. It has become a big tree.
Matuligauraq aànaàuqtuq. Little Matulik has
become a woman. Anuqâiàuqtuq. It has
become windy. [Gram: n-v]

I - i
-i-i-

der.af. See: -sri.
der.af. stays during, spend time (with time
expression). Reversal: stays during, spend time(with time expression). Umiaqpak ukiiñiqsuq
taavrumani qikiqtami. The big ship spent the
winter there at that island.

245

Nayuqtaullakpiaàipsi naagaqaa ukiiáuäa
ilipsitñi. I might stay with you a while or evenwinter with you. [Gram: n-v]
-iaq- der.af. to do, to go do. Reversal: do, to ~ ;purpose, to ~. Putu niksiksuàiaqtuq
imaàruämun.. Putu went to go fishing at the-iik--kkaq-

big lake. Putu qusrimmiaqtuq
siáagiäñiqman. Putu is going to get rhubarb
because the weather has become good. Putu
quaqqiaqtuq auraàmi. Putu goes out tocollect sour dock in summer time. Putu
iààuàiaqtuq. Putu has gone to wash himself.
Syn: -tyaq; -liaq.
-iik- der.af. two things/people who have something incommon. Reversal: common, two things/people
who have s.t. in ~. Aanagiiksuk. They aremother and daughter or son. Putulu Miiyuglu
iáannaàiiksuk. Putu and Miiyuk are friends.
Putulu Qichaàlu iàñiàiiksuk. Putu andQichaq are father and son. [Gram: n-n]-iáaaq- der.af. lack of [thing], proceed without.
Reversal: lack of [thing], without, proceed ~.
Qitunàatka qavsittaaäiáaaqtut. My children
went without sugar. Kamiáaaqtuq. He is
without a shoe or boot. Variant: -iyaaq. [Gram:n-v]-iáaq- der.af. [Gram: v-v] 1) to be hard, to be difficult
to do. Reversal: hard ; difficult. Tiämiaàruk
iàitchaàiiáaqtuq. Plucking a duck is a difficult
job. Syn: -siàiit. 2) to be without. Reversal:
without, to be ~. Putu uqatlaiáaquvva. Putu is
a mute person (unable to speak) Putu
pisrutlaiáaqtuq. Putu is unable to walk.
Variant: -iâaq.
-iááiuq- der.af. to be short of [item], to be in need of[item], there are few [item]. Reversal: short of,
to be ~ ; few, there are ~. Miiyuk
atigaiááiuqtuq. Miiyuk needs a parka.
Pututkut niqaiááiunàitchut. Putu's family is
not in need of food. Ukiuvak tuttuiááiuqtut.
This year, the caribou are scarce. Putu
imàiááiuqtuq. Putu is lacking water.
Inaiááiuqtitpigiñ? Am I crowding you? [Gram:n-v]-iq- der.af. 1) to be no more, to run out of, to be
removed, to be a former ..., to be deceased.
Reversal: former...., to be a ~, deceased, to be ~,removed, to be ~, run, to ~ out of. Niqaiqsugut.
We ran out of food. Kigutaiqpich? Did you getyour tooth pulled out? Putu ninuaäiqsuq. Putu
lost his brother-in-law. Putu imiàuiqsuq. Putu
has quenched his thirst. Aquppiutaiqpigiñ?
Did I take your seat? Inuqsraäaiqsugut
iáisimarauruksramik. We don't need another
witness. [Gram: n-v] 2) no longer ..., has
stopped. Reversal: no longer ; stopped. Putu,
kanäutchiaäaiàuä! Putu, stop embarrassing
her! Putu savatlaiqsuq. Putu can't work
anymore. Putu savaguiqsuq. Putu has stopped
working. Miiyuk atuàuiqsuq. Miiyuk has
stopped singing. Putu iglaàuiàñiqsuq. Putu
has stopped laughing. See: -uiq. [Gram: v-v]
-iqsuaq- der.af. repeatedly, so many times over.
Reversal: repeatedly. Qapsiiqsuaàlugu Putu
ulàutinniuraàaluaàiga. I have tried to knock
Putu over a number of times. [Gram: n-v]
-it- der.af. negative: without, lacking, not. Reversal:
without ; not ; lacking. Putu kamäitchuq. Putu
is without boots. Putu siutaisimaruq. Putu isapparently not listening (lit: has no ears) Tatqiq
iñuitchuq. The moon is uninhabited (without
people). Miiyuk atuaksraiáiqiruq maniämik.
Miiyuk is in need of money (has to borrow).
Syn: -nàit. [Gram: n-v]
-it- der.af. not ; never. Reversal: not ; never. Putu
niàitáaitchuq-suli. Putu cannot eat yet. Putum
tupqa salumaitchuq. Putu's house is not clean.
Kuuvak sukaitchuq. The Kobuk (river) isslow (not fast). Putu qiatlaitchuq. Putu nevercries. [Gram: v-v]
-iyaaq- der.af. See: -iáaaq.
-iyaq- der.af. to break, to remove. Reversal: break ;remove. Putu aquppiutaiyaqtuq ikpaksraq.
Putu broke the chair yesterday. Umäiyaqtuq.
He is shaving. Makkaiyaàiga Putu. I took adiaper off Putu. [Gram: n-v]

K - k-kikâi- der.af. to become scarce. Reversal: scarce, tobecome ~. Tuttukikãiruq. The caribou havegotten scarce now. Imakikâiruq. The water isgetting lower. [Gram: n-v]
-kiááiuq- der.af. to experience the scarcity of ....
Reversal: experience, to ~ scarcity of ... Lit:
'make it to be few'. Niqikiááiuqpisa? Are weshort on food? [Gram: n-v]
-kit- der.af. to be scarce, to be short in supply.

Reversal: scarce, to be ~ ; short in supply, to be~. Miiyuk atnuàaakitchuq. Miiyuk has few
clothes. Pivikitchuq uqautigisaàupkich...
Time is too short if I would speak about ...
[Gram: n-v]
-kkaq- der.af. transitive relative clause. Reversal:
relative clause, transitive. Putum tikkuaàaa
aksraligaq uqsruqtikkani. Putu pointed to thewheel which he had just oiled.

246

-kkau--làataq-

Nautchiapayaaq aapama
nautchirriutiäaisaäa amuruaniaqtuq. Every
plant that my father did not plant is going to bepulled up. Quviatchaktuäa paqitnapku
maniuraàa tammaitchaàa. I am happy
because I found my coin which I had lost.
[Gram: v-n]
-kkau- der.af. passive. Reversal: passive. Puqiksaat
sivulliukkauniqsut. The wise men were
lead/directed. Taapkua kilikkauniqsut
siññaktukun. They were warned by means of a
dream. Nunaaqqiq nappakkauruaq
qimiàaamun. A city which has been built on ahill. Uqaàikkapsigun
suksraunàiqsaugisirusi. By your own words
you will be condemned. Tammaqtuaq pakma
paqitauruq. He was lost but is now found.
[Gram: v-v]
-kâi- der.af. See: -gli.
-käaq- der.af. directional: coming from ... Reversal:
directional: coming from. Putu, nakitñaqpich?
Putu where did you come from? Nalugikput
nakitñaqtauâha. We don't know where it isfrom. Taavrumakäaqhutiä
Galilee-kuaàniqsut. On their way from there,
they went through Galilee. Aäalatchiãiàa
maakäaqtaunàipiaqtuq. My rulership is really
not from here. Variant: -tnaq. [Gram: n-v]
-ksraq- der.af. 1) potential: s.t. for future use.
Reversal: potential: s.t. for future use. Putu
uqautiksraqaqtuq. Putu has something to talkabout. Putu, savautiksraqaqpich? Putu, doyou have something to work with? Miiyuk
killaiyaaksraqtuq. Miiyuk bought sewing
items. [Gram: v-v] 2) material for. Reversal:
material for. Putu tupiksraqaqtuq. Putu has

materials for building a house. [Gram: n-n]

-ksrau- der.af. intransitive passive. Reversal:

passive, intransite ~. Igitaksrauruq. It is meant
to be thrown away.
Taatniuttuksraugaluaqtuaq. However, it wasmeant to be that way. [Gram: n-v]
-ksriaq- der.af. to obtain, to get a supply. Reversal:
obtain, to ~ ; supply, to get a ~. Ichiguänakäa
kuukpiaksriallaâhiñauvich? Could you pleaseget some coffee from those two across there?
Apkunakäa qaluksriaqtiqtuq. He went to getfish from those two over there.
-ksrit- der.af. See: -srit.
-kuaànaq- der.af. in this manner, by means of,according to. Reversal: manner, in this ~ ;means, by ~ of ; according to.
Maliàutaksrakuaànaqpa mamititchiruni
minàuiqsiaàvium uvluani? Is it lawful to heal
someone on the day of rest?
-kuaq- der.af. 1) in the pattern of; showing distinctive
features of. Reversal: pattern, in the ~ of ;feature, showing distinctive ~ of. ...
piqasiqãugich Herod-kuaqtinik ... ... together
with the members of the Herodian party ...
Uvvatuq iáitchuàisriuä
agaayyutikuaqtilaaqput. May you recognizethat we have lived God's way. 2) by way of,through, to go with. Reversal: way, by ~ of ;through. Putukuaqtuäa. I came with Putu.
Nuurvikuaqtuksrauniqsuq Siiáviämun. He
had to go through Noorvik to Selawik.
Nunakuaqhutik qikiqtakun tikiññiqsuq
Paphos-mun. Traveling through the island,
they reached Paphos.

L - l-laaq- der.af. increase, decrease. Reversal: increase ;decrease. Putuu, nipitusriáaaàuä! Putu, turnthe volume up. Putu nuvaksiáaaqtuq
ikpaksraäniñ. Putu's bad cold has become
worse than yesterday. Ah, uqsralaaàniqsutin.
Oh my, you've gotten much fatter. Putu
uumitchalaaqtuq. Putu is getting angrier.
Iñugiakikãiáaaqtut qulitun aglaan. Their
numbers decreased down to ten. [Gram: v-v]
-lgit- der.af. again. Reversal: again. Putu
pisrukataaqsiágitchuq. Putu is walking aroundagain. Putu aullalgitchuq. Putu has left again.
Putu isilgiññiqsuq. Putu has just come inagain. Utiàiâhitchuäa ilipsitñun. I will return247

to you. Syn: -tqik. Variant: -âhit. [Gram: v-v]

-lgu- der.af. to be able; to be excellent; to be

powerful. Reversal: able, to be ~ ; excellent, tobe ~ ; powerful, to be ~. Putu
qayaqtulgullapiaqtuq. Putu is very
experienced with the kayak. Putu
naluaàmiuraalguruq. Putu speaks English
fluently. Putu aäunialgusriaqsiruq. Putu isgetting to be skillful at hunting. Putu
agliqilgusiaqsiruq. Putu is becoming a skillful
reader. [Gram: v-v]
-làataq- der.af. finally ; as soon as. Reversal: finally ;as soon as. Putu makilàataqtuq. Putu finally
got up. Putu sivulliulàataqtuq. Putu finally-làiñaqmanaged to come in first (in a race).
Niàisulàataqtuq. He was hungry for a longtime. Kigvaluk puiáàataqtiqpan
siksaqtiàumigiñ. As soon as the muskrat shows
up at the surface, shoot it. Putum Miiyuk
Iqilàataqtiàaa. Putu embraced Miiyuk with a
big hug. Variant: -ataq. [Gram: v-v]
-làiñaq- der.af. finally. Reversal: finally. Putu
tikiáàiñaqtuq. Putu finally arrived. Putu
siñiktukkalàiñaàataqtuq. Putu
siñiksalàiñaqtuq. (C) Putu finally fell asleep.
[Gram: v-v]
-li- der.af. make, create (original). Reversal: make.
Putu siàáualiñiaqtuq. Putu is going to make an
ice cellar. Miiyuk atikâuliva? Is Miiyuk
making a parka cover? Putu qayyiruq. Putu isbuilding a qayaq. Miiyuk qallutchiruq.
Miiyuk is making cups. [Gram: n-v]
-li- der.af. optative: may. Reversal: optative: may.
Miiyuk aullanàiááaäniaàlisuq. May Miiyuk
never leave! Putu piyaqunàiááaäniaàlisuq.
Hoping that Putu will not have an accident.
Uiàillaäniaàlisuq. May he stay for certain (or:wishing for him to stay for sure) [Gram: v-v]
-liaq- der.af. product: produced by human or
mechanical effort. Reversal: product: producedby human or mechanical effort. Iñuääualiaq.
Doll. Atikâuliaq. Parka cover that someone had
made. Suääualiaq. Craft. [Gram: n-n]-liaq- der.af. to go to do ..., to go to obtain ..., topurpose. Reversal: go to do ... ; go to obtain ... ;purpose, to ~. Putum aànaat masruliaqtuq.
Putu's wife went to dig for Eskimo potatoes.
Putu tuttuliaqtuq. Putu went hunting caribou.
Agaayyuviáiaqtuäa. Agaayyiaqtuäa. I am
going to the church.
Tauqsiàñiaàviáianàitchuäa. I did not got tothe store. Putu katimatyaqtuq. Putu went to ameeting (purposed to meet). Putu
agaayutyaàniqsuq. Putu has gone to pray (inchurch). Putu katimatyaàiaqtuq
iáisautrimik. Putu has a meeting with a teacher.
Putu tuppityaqtuq. Putu went to build ahouse. Iñuich katimayyiaqtut Nuurviämi.
People have gone to meet in Noorvik. Syn:-sriuq. Variant: -tyaq; -iaq (prev. cons.
doubled); -yyiaq. [Gram: n-v]
-ligaaq- der.af. 1) provided with ___. Reversal:
provided with ___. Taamna, iñuk
qupiàaaligaaq. That one, the person with thecoat parka! Putu taamna niuqpaligaaq. Putu[is] that long-legged one. Sauniligaaq niqi
imiàauraàiksuq. Meat with bones is goodsoup. Piqaqtuq suluutmik iluqani qaaligaaq

-liq-

-lik

-lik-

-liq-

-liq-

-liq-

248

kaviksaamik maniämik. There was a box
completely covered with gold ('red money').
[Gram: n-n] 2) to carry along, to bring withoneself. Reversal: carry along ; bring along.
Putu saviligaaqtuq. Putu brought a knife
along. Palapkaaligaaqtuq. He is taking alongwith him a canvas tent. See: -lik. [Gram: n-v]
der.af. provided with ___, characterized by ___.
Reversal: provided with ___ ; characterized by___. Unnuksraaqman umialik aggiàñiqsuq.
Toward evening a rich man came Tarrasuli
una auyugaqtualik tikiumaniqsuq
Jesus-mun. Then there was this leper ('onecharacterized by rotting flesh') who had come toJesus. Putum qiñiàaa nuààalik ikpaksraq.
Putu saw a (caribou) cow with her calves
yesterday. See: -ligaaq. [Gram: n-n]der.af. supplied with ... (ADJective:participle),one having ... Reversal: supplied with ...
(ADJ:ptc) ; one having ... (ADJ:ptc). ...
nuqirrutigalugu kuvraq imalik qaluänik. ...
pulling with them a net filled with fish. Jesus
aniñiqsuq niaquutilik kakitáaànanik. Jesus
came out with thorns on his head (crowned).
See: -ligaaq. [Gram: n-a]der.af. supply with ... , provide with ... ; installon ... Reversal: supply with ... ; install on ...
Putuu, sikuliqpiuä? Putu, did you put ice in
it? Putu taluliàñiqsuq tupiàmiñi.
(taluliuàniqsuq) Pututkut taluliqâugu tupiq
nuuttut. Putu and his family placed a door at
the house and moved (away). Putu installed adoor in his house. Putum kuukpialiqpauä
kuukpiaqtuàvik? Did Putu supply the coffee
pot with coffee? Qaiqpaich
immautruànialiqâugu umiaq. The big waves
threatened to fill the boat (with water). [Gram:n-v]der.af. suddenly, abruptly. Reversal: suddenly ;abruptly. Tiämisuun tiäiliqtuq. The plane just
took off. Naniq qamiliqpa? Did the light goout by itself just now? Taaqsiáiàniqsuq. It has
gotten dark. Putu niàisuliàniqsuq. Putu has
become hungry. Isigaiyaliqsiàaaäa. My feetare getting cold suddenly. Miiyuk iàialaliqtuq
tupaqqaaqapku. Miiyuk screamed after I had
scared her first. See: -anik; -tiq. [Gram: v-v(following vowel or front cons. -t-)]der.af. process: to become, to proceed. Reversal:
proceed ; become. Ikniq kayumäiáiqsuq
aàravaaâakhuni. The fire is burning slowly
because there are too many ashes. Putu
quviasruliqsiqtuq taimmaiñaq. Putu has
become happy all of a sudden. John-liqi--luk-

piyumaliàñiqsuq. John consented (had become
willing). Uisauraaqhuni malàukipianiuvluni niàisuliàñiqsuq. Having fasted for forty
days he had become hungry. [Gram: v-v]
-liqi- der.af. involved in __, working on __, talk about___. Reversal: working on __, to be ~ ; talkabout ___, to ~. Putu atu(g)aksraiáiqiruq.
Putu needs to borrow something. Putu
iniksraiáiqiruq. Putu needs a place to stay.
Miiyuk Putuliqiruq. Miiyuk is talking about
Putu. Putu nunaliqiruq. Putu is working on
the land. Nautchiaksriqiri. A gardener (oneinvolved with plants). Niqitchiqiruq. She isputting meat away. Tiäilàausiqiri. A sailor(one involved with putting up sails).
Makpiàarriqisaanikman iñuk
tikiutikkauniqsuq. When he had begun tosettle the account, a man was brought in.
Kuukpirriqiri Coffeemaker (person) Variant:-siqi; -sriqi; -rriqi; -chiqi. [Gram: n-v(following stems ending in vowel)]-lit- der.af. reaches. Reversal: reaches. Putu
nunalitchuq umiaàmigun. Putu reaches landwith his boat. Tiämisuun mirviáitchuq. The
plane just landed. [Gram: n-v]
-litchiaq- der.af. after a while. Reversal: after awhile. Lit: 'become new'.
Akkunilitchiallakâugu qikaqtuat tamaani
utlakkaat Putu. After a little while thebystanders came to Putu. Qakugulitchiaqâugu
israàulgum imiq iáiqsraqtitaàniqmagu At
certain times, when an angel stirred the water, ...
[Gram: v-v]
-liuq- der.af. repair, make, prepare. Reversal: repair ;prepare. Putu taluliuqtuq ikpaksraq. Putu
fixed the door yesterday. Arrii,
uqumaiááiullapiaàniqsuäa. Oh, [my soul] isvery sorrowful. Miiyuum Putu siñiliuàaa.
Miiyuk makes a (hood) ruff for Putu. Putu
nautchirriàviáiuàniqsuq. Putu prepared aplace for [seeds] to grow. Miiyuk
atikâuliuqtuq. Miiyuk is making a calico parka.
Miiyuk niqâiuàniaqtuq. Miiyuk is going toprepare a meal. Syn: -niaq; -saq; suq. [Gram:n-v]-llaa- der.af. 1) each, one at the time. Reversal: each(one at a time). Aäutik pisruktuk
umiallaamiknun. The two men walked to theirown boat. Putum supputit tigullaaniàik. Putu
took the guns, each at a time. [Gram: n-n]2) now and then, once in a while. Reversal: oncein a while. Putuu, nipliááaalutin. Putu, (youshould) speak once in a while. Iglaäallaalutin.
Smile once in a while! [Gram: v-v]

249

-llak- der.af. [Gram: v-v] 1) to be polite, to besuitable. Reversal: polite, to be ~ ; suitable, to be~. Putu piyaqunàiááaäniaàlisuq. May Putu nothave an accident. Putuu, uqallaäniaàiñ. Putu,
at least say something! Putuu,
imillaqqaaàutin! Putu, (go ahead and) drink
first. 2) for a while. Reversal: awhile.
Nipaiááaktutin uvluvak. You have been quiet
all day. Mauäallagitchi (C). Mauäallakkitchi(K). Come here for a while. Putu
uumitchallaktuq. Putu got angry for a time.
Putu miáuqtullaktuq iyaàaänik. Putu kept
throwing rocks for a while.
-llaktiq- der.af. small, fast way; act quickly. Reversal:
quickly, act ~. Miiyuk amiq iáillaktiàaa
Miiyuk threw the skin out quickly. [Gram: v-v]
-llaäniaq- der.af. pleading: at least. Reversal:
pleading. Putuu, uqallaäniaàuä! Putu, at least
say something to him or her! Agaayullaturut
makitaplutiä saqquviäitñi tumitchiat
qiñillaäniaquplutiä iñuänun. They love topray while standing at the corners of the streetsso that people may see them.
Nagligillaäniaqtiguk! Have mercy on us!
Agaayyutim iâuaqqutillaäniaàumagaasi.
May God be kind to you all. [Gram: v-v]
-llapiaq- der.af. intensifier: to really ... Reversal:
really (intensifier). Putu anisullapiaqtuq. Putu
really wants to go out. Miiyuk
iààuqsisullapiaqtuq uvluvak. Miiyuk reallywants to do laundry today. [Gram: v-v]
-llautaq- der.af. 1) adverbializer: good, well.
Reversal: good ; well. Iñullautaq. A good
person. Putuu, iñullautaurutin. Putu, you area good person. [Gram: n-n] 2) adverbializer:
good, well. Reversal: good ; well. Miiyuk
igallautaqtuq. Miiyuk cooks well. Putu
amiviñillautauraqaqtuq. Putu has a nice little
piece of skin. Pututkut iñuuniallautaqtut.
Putu and his family are living a good life.
Tusraallautaqsimagikpiñ. I have heard goodthings about you. [Gram: v-v]
-lliq der.af. superlative. Reversal: superlative.
Unauvva sivulliq. This is the first one/theforemost. Unauvva aqulliq. This is the last
one/the hindmost. Unauvva atliq. This is thelowest one/the bottommost. See: -âiq. [Gram: nn]-luaq- der.af. dislike. Reversal: dislike. Putu
niäauluaqtuq. Putu dislikes his future son-inlaw. Qatuk iñugluaqtuq. Qatuk doesn't likepeople. [Gram: n-v]
-luk- der.af. to increase, to expand, to augment, tomultipy. Reversal: increase, to ~ ; expand, to ~ ;-luq--âiqaugment, to ~ ; multiply, to ~ ;.
Akiàuàluksipáuni tiämiãuich
uvluutiqaàvigiraàniàaat. (C) Having
multiplied its branches, the birds have a place
where they have a nest. Ilaagun kisianaulaalukhuta ittugut. (C) Through him alone
we move about and live. [Gram: v-v]
-luq- der.af. thankful, happy, glad. Reversal: thankful; happy ; glad. Putu tigliñàisiàluqtuq.
Thankfully, Putu did not steal.
Qiñiàiaàluàniàikma. I am glad you came tosee me. Quyaruäa Putu iñuuluàniqman. I
am glad that Putu is alive. Quyagiga

anniqsuàluqmaäa atannaptigun! I thank him
because he saved me through our savior. [Gram:v-v]-luqqaaq- der.af. as soon as, upon ...ing. Reversal:
soon, as ~ as. Tikitchaàluqqaaqtutik
paqitkisigiktik natmaksiàvik. As soon as you
arrive [there] you will find a donkey.
Taatnaàluqqaaqtuq ilaan iáitchuqâiàniàaa
taaqtuamun matuâhak irraämi. When thishad been said, he realized that darkness covered
his eyes. [Gram: v-v]

Â - â
-âa-

der.af. rather, almost. Reversal: rather ; almost.
Qapsitaaq nuäuâaruq. The sugar is almost
gone. Qattaq imaiãaruq. The bucket is rather
empty. [Gram: v-v]
-âallak- der.af. excessive, big amount, for long time.
Reversal: excessive ; long time ; lots. Putu
pisruâallaktuq. Putu walked for a long time.
Alianniuâallaktugut. We sure are getting
lonely. Putu uumitchaâallaktuq. Putu
becomes very angry. Iglaäaâallakkiga. I gave
him a big smile. Syn: -sugruk. [Gram: v-v]
-âaniaq- der.af. excel, well. Reversal: excel ; well.
Qichaq aqpasruâaniaqtuq ikpaksraq.
Qichaq ran hard yesterday. Miiyuk
aglaâaniaqtuq. Miiyuk writes energetically.
Putu atuâaniaqtuq akunniqsaatqiämi. Putu
sang very well last week. Miiyuk
qupaâaniaàniqsuq. Miiyuk makes pretty
designs. Kiäña nautchiaàa nauâaniaqtuq.
My plant out there sure has grown nicely.
[Gram: v-v]
-âauraq- der.af. rather little. Reversal: rather little.
Kumiâauraàlagu. Let me scratch it a little.
Niàiãaurallakuma. I should just eat a little.
Putu iglaäaâauraqtuq. Putu barely smiled.
[Gram: v-v]
-âhaiñaq- der.af. excessively ; all the time. Reversal:
excessively. Putu siñiâhaiñaqtuq. Putu sleeps
all the time. Putum tautuâhaiñaàaaäa. Putu is
continually looking at me. Putu
aglaâhaiñaqtuq. Putu does nothing but write.
[Gram: v-v]
-âhiñaaàuq- der.af. about to, ready to. Reversal:
about to, ready to. Putum nappaâhiñaaàuàaa
tuppiani. Putu is just about ready to erect his
house. Aäalatchiãhiñaaàuqtuq iñuänik
nutaakun. He is ready to rule people in a newway. [Gram: v-v]

-âhiñaaq- der.af. about to, ready to. Reversal: about

to ; ready to. Putu niàiãhiñaaàuqtuq. Putu isjust about ready to eat. Putu
aullaâhiñaaàuqtuq. Putu is getting ready toleave. Syn: -aqsi; -yasri. [Gram: v-v]
-âhiñaq- der.af. only ; merely. Reversal: only ;merely. Unauvva qipmiãhiñaq. This is only adog. Sisamaâhiñamik tuttullaäniqsuq. He
caught only four caribou. [Gram: n-n]-âhiñaq- der.af. just, just now; immediately
preceding. Reversal: just (now) ; immediately
before. Putum supputaa tuniâhiñaàaa. Putu
has just sold his gun. Niviaqsiaàruk
siñiktukkalàiñaqtuq. The girl has just now
gone to sleep. Umiayauraq ikianilàiñaqman,... Having just secured the jolly-boat, ...
Miiyuum nuviivak siqumisriñaàaa. Miiyuk
has just crushed some flies. Miiyuum nuviivak
siqumisriñaàaa. Miiyuk just crushed flies.
Iñuich nipaalapsaaqsiñaàniqsut. The people
just kept on shouting. Variant: -siñaq; -sriñaq.
[Gram: v-v]
-âhiñau- der.af. may, allowable, permissible.
Reversal: may ; allowable. Putu
maunnaaâhiñauva? May Putu pass throughhere? Siñiâhiñauvisa maani? May we sleep
here? [Gram: v-v]
-âhit- der.af. See: -lgit. [Gram: v-v]
-âiq der.af. Gerund. Reversal: Gerund. Miyuum
pisruâha iáisaqnaqtuq. Miyuuk's way ofwalking is recognizable. Kaäiqsitáaitkiksi
Agaayyutim uqaâha. You do not understandGod's word. Ukpiqsriãiqpich
iâuaqsipkaàaatin. Your faith has healed you.
[Gram: v-n]-âiq der.af. extension. Reversal: extension. Lit: 'The

250

-âiq--muk-

extent of yours is here.'. Uqquqâiq. The one
furthest downriver. Arguqâiq. The one farthest
upriver. Tuäiqâiq. The nearest one.
Uvaniakâiqpiñ. This side is yours. Ikaaàiñ
maaniakâiàmun. Come across on this side.
-âiq- Object Indicator. Reversal: Object Indicator.
Putu aivakâiqtuq paniämiñik ikpaksraq.
Putu chided his daughter yesterday. Putu
uumisaaqâiqsuq Miiyuämik. Putu has tried to
provoke Miiyuk. Iáisimagiga ivaqâiqtik
Putumik. (C) Iáisimagiga pakakâiqtik

Putumik. (K) I know your(2) searching for
Putu. Ilaan iáitchuqâiqamiuä
ukpiqsrisiqaqtilaaäat, ... When he realized
their having faith (for him[their friend]), ...
-âuaq- der.af. to be pleased about excellence.
Reversal: pleased, to be ~ about excellence.
Paäna tiämisuugauraq sukaâuaàniqsuq.
That little plane up there is faster than expected.
See: -âuk- ; -ruaq-.
-âuk- der.af. See: -qâuk.

M - m-ma- der.af. indicates state (action completed -Passive). Reversal: indicates state (action
completed - Passive). Putu paqnamaruq. Putu
is ready (prepared). Ugruk puimaruq. The seal
has surfaced. Iglaat aggiumarut. The visitors
have arrived (they be come). Variant: -uma;-sima. [Gram: v-v]
-magaaq- der.af. Gerund, indicates indirect question:
whether... or conditional: if. Reversal: Gerund:conditional (if) ; Gerund: indirect question(whether) ; inquisitive. (K) Isumaaluäniaqasri
sumik niàigisipmagaapsi. (C)Isumaaluäniaqasi sumik niàigisipmaäaavsi.
Don't even worry whether you are going to eat
or not. Apiqsruàniàaat
maliàutaksrakuaànaqmagaan
iâuaqsipkairuni minàuiqsiaàvium uvluani.
They asked whether it is possible to follow thelaw and heal on a day of rest. (C) Putu
imiliááakmagaaàniaàiga. (K) Putu
imiliááakmaäaaàniaàiga. I am going to checkif Putu is drunk. Miiyuk, siáamiitmagaaàuä.
Miiyuk, [check] whether he is outside.
Uumapmagaaqpiuä? Did you check whether
he is alive? [Gram: v-v]
-mi- der.af. also, too. Reversal: also ; too. Miiyuuk,siñiktukkaqmiuäa. Miiyuk, I want to sleep
too. Aäiáaaàniaqmivich? Are going to gohome too? Ikutaitmiutin? You wouldn't
happen to have a match, would you?
Aànaupmiuqtuuq! And she's a woman, too!
Taatna uqaàmiñak! Indeed, don't even talklike that! Putu, saglupmiñak! Putu, don't lie
too! Iyaalugruaäupmiruaq! Indeed, it was
just a child! [Gram: v-v]
-mik- der.af. instrumental: with. Reversal:
instrumental: with. Putum Miiyuk
ikusriämikkaa. Putu pushed Miiyuk with his
elbow. [Gram: n-v]

251

-miqnisau- der.af. to originate from ... Reversal:

originate, to ~ from. Uqaàupta
agaayyutmiqnisaunipáugu ... If we say that heis from God ... Savaaäat iñukmiqnisaukpan
piunàiàisiruq. If their work is of human origin
it will come to nothing. [Gram: n-v]
-miu- der.af. inhabitant of; in the plural: the peopleof. Reversal: inhabitant of. Putu
Qikiqtaàruämiuäuruq. Putu is a person who
lives in Kotzebue. Tulugaànaq
ikpiämiuäuruq. The bank swallow ishabitually a cliff dweller. [Gram: n-v]
-miutaq- der.af. inhabitant of; person from.
Reversal: inhabitant of ; person from. Qalupiaq
Akuliàaàmiutaq. A whitefish originating from
Selawik. Suksraqanàitchuat
uummatmiutaàmiknik. They do not care what
is in the heart. Pigiitchuaq iñuk
uummatiàmiutaàaqtuq killuàmik
uqaqhuniasiiñ nakuuäitchuanik. The evil
person [shares] wrong from his heart and speaks
what is not good. Taamna umiaqpak
Alexandria-àmiutaq That big ship was from
Alexandria. Syn: -taq. [Gram: n-v]
-mmi- der.af. indicator of change: active (or process)to stative. Reversal: change indicator: active (orprocess) to stative. Putu, qallun
tigummisukpiuä? Putu, do you want to holdthe cup? Tautukmiñiàik aniqatigiik
ikimmiruak umiami. He also saw two
brothers who were [passengers] in a boat.
Ittuanun tammaummiruatitun ipnaisun. To
those who are like lost sheep [who cannot findtheir way]. Tukkuummiáusi tupqani
aullaàniaââapsitñunaglaan. Stay in his house
until you are ready to depart. See: -ma ; sima.
Variant: -ummi. [Gram: v-v]
-muk- der.af. goes to, goes toward, in direction of.
Reversal: goes to, toward. Putu

-naaq--niaq-

Nuurviämuäniqsuq. Putu headed toward
Noorvik. Putu mauäatmuktuq. Putu isheading here. Putu agaayyuvitmuktuq. Putu

is going in the direction of the church. Variant:-muaq. [Gram: v-v]

N - n-naaq- der.af. excessive: too much (amount), too big(dimension). Reversal: excessive: too much, toobig. Putum aliq aäinaaqsimagaa. Putu madethe rope too big. Aliq takinaaqtuq. The rope
has been made too long. [Gram: v-v]
-naàiaq- der.af. early, ahead of time. Reversal:
early. Putu aullaànaàiaqtuq ikpaksraq. Putu
left earlier yesterday. Miiyuk niàiñaàiaqtuq
uvlaavak. Miiyuk ate ahead of time thismorning. Itiànaàianàitchuäa uvluvak. I didn't
wake up early today. [Gram: v-v]
-nait- der.af. impossible. Reversal: impossible.
Miluktinnaàuminaitchuq. There was no
possibility of nursing (a baby). Iáaalugruich
kutchuqtuànaitchut agaayuviämi. Children
are not allowed to chew gum in church. Apqun
tasamuäa qaàanaitchuq. The way to there is
not easy. See: -it. [Gram: v-v]
-naq- der.af. enabler, agent (impersonal passive).
Reversal: enabler (impersonal passive).
Taamna-uvva tuqunaq. This here [is] poison.
Taamna-uvva siñiänauruq. This here is asleeping pill. Putu siñgutnaqaqtuq. Putu has
pajamas. [Gram: v-n]
-naq- der.af. possibility: could, can, possible, -able.
Reversal: possibility: could, can, possible, -able.
Uqautiginaqtuq. It could be said/it is possible
to say it. Kuuk ikaaànaqtuq. It is possible tocross the river/the river is crossable. Qiruk
qupinaqtuq. The wood is splittable/could be
split. [Gram: v-v]
-naqsi- der.af. ready to (do s.t.); it is time (for s.t. tohappen). Reversal: ready to ; time for. Putu
makinnaqsiruq. Putu is ready to get up.
Ukiaksrami qiunaqsiruq. In the autumn it istime for it to get cold. [Gram: v-v]
-nayaq- der.af. See: -ayaq. [Gram: v-v]
-nàiq- der.af. to do s.t. not anymore, no more.
Reversal: no more, to do s.t. ~. Uvluvak Putu
aullaàunàiqsuq. Today Putu doesn't want toleave anymore. Uqaàikkapsigun
suksraunàiqsaugisirusi. By your own words
you will be condemned. Aasiiñ
uunaqâunàiqsiqhuni. And right she was feverfree. [Gram: v-v]
-nàit- der.af. not. Reversal: not. Putu
tupiàmiinàitchuq. Putu is not inside the house.

Anayaktuaqtauäunàitchutin aäun. You are
not a man who shows concern. Putu
tigliñàisiàluqtuq. I am glad Putu did not steal.
Iáisimagaluaqtutin kiprisuutilaamnik
nautchiiàviginàisamniñ. You say you knewthat I harvest where I did not plant.
Kiñapayaaq maliàuaqtigiyumiñaitchiga
suksraanàisuaqpan iämiñik. Nobody can be
my follower if he does not forsake himself.
Putu uqavigaaäitchuq (C). Putu
uqavigaanàitchuq. Putu doesn't brag. See: -it.
Variant: -äit. [Gram: n-v]
-ni- der.af. complementizer: that; reported speech.
Reversal: complementizer: that ; reported
speech. Uqautigiga Putu
nakuqsiáaaànipáutin. I told Putu that you were
getting better. Putum Miiyuk nakuaàinigaa.
Putu said that he loves Miiyuk. Putum
siqiññaaàikkisiñiyaa uvlaakun. Putu thinks
the weather will be good tomorrow. [Gram: v-v]
-niala- der.af. to attempt s.t. (persevering). Reversal:
attempt, to ~. Putu aqpaqsruànialaruq. Putu
is trying to run. Miiyuum aniqammiurani
miluktinnialagaa (C). Miiyuum
miàaruurani miluktinnialagaa (K). Miiyuk
is wanting to nurse her newborn baby. [Gram:v-v]-niaq der.af. poor, unfortunate (s.o. deserving ofsympathy). Reversal: poor ; unfortunate.
Panikniaàa! O, my unfortunate daughter!
Tupiqniaäa! O no, his poor house! [Gram: nn]-niaq- der.af. inceptive: is going to do something.
Reversal: inceptive. Putu tuppiñiaqtuq. Putu
is going to build a house. Miiyuk
nallaàniaqtuq. Miiyuk is going to go to bed.
Qatuk savaänialgitchuq uvlaakun. Qatuk isgoing to work again tomorrow. Putum
immiàñiaàaa! Putu filled it up! Putu
imiàniaqtuq uvlaakun. Putu is going to drink(alcohol) tomorrow. [Gram: v-v]
-niaq- der.af. to try; to hunt, to fish, to gather.
Reversal: try, to ~ ; hunt, to ~ ; fish, to ~ ;gather, to ~. Putu uqaqsiàiaàniaàaluaqtuq.
Putu tried to behave. Putu killaiyaàniallaktuq
ikpaksraq. Putu tried to sew yesterday. Putu
amaàuàniaqtuq. Putu is striving to get a wolf.

252

-niàluk-nnaq-

Qatuk qaluäniaqtuq. Qatuk is fishing Miiyuk
apqiäñiaqtuq. Miiyuk is gathering/picking
salmon berries. Syn: -saq; suq. [Gram: v-v]
-niaqsaq to make an effort. Aullaàniaqsaqtuaq
tiämisuutaa aggiñàitchuq. He was trying toleave, but his plane didn't arrive.
-niagaqsi to begin to try.
Qiñiàniagaqsigaluaàaa piiññiqsuq. He tried
to see her, [but] she wasn't there.
-niaàataq to try hard.
Itchuäatmuäniaàataàniqsuqtarra. He tried
hard and long to go across.
-niagaluaq to try without success.
Uqaàniaàaluaqtuq, aglaan
uqatlaiqsiàniqsuqaasiiñ. He tried to talk, butthen he lost his ability to talk.
-niatchiaq to try hurriedly. Pututkut umiaq
ayaäniatchiaàaat. Putu and companions tried
to push the boat off hurriedly.
-niàluk der.af. huge; immense. Reversal: huge ;immense. Niàrugaaniàluk. A monster. Syn:-sugruk. [Gram: n-n]-niàluk- der.af. to domineer, to control arrogantly.
Reversal: domineer, to ~. Iáisimarusi
aäalatiäich Jew-äuäitchuat
aäalanniàlugaqtilaaäatnik iñuäitñik. You
know that the non-Jewish rulers usually lord it
over their people. Tamatkua kiuniàaatuqaniàluutiplugu. They answered him andinsulted him. Uummatmiñ aniraqtut
pigiitchuat isummatit uqaniqâuktaâiàlu.
From the heart come evil thoughts and alsoslander. Iñuich aäalanniqâuktaiviaqtut. The
people might incite a riot. [Gram: v-v]
-nik- der.af. 1) acquire. Reversal: acquire. Kuuksaàvaniktuq. The river has become swift(lately). [Gram: v-v] 2) acquire. Reversal:
acquire. Putu uqaniktuq. Putu has acquired an
accent. Putu uiñitqiksuq. Putu has married forthe second time. [Gram: n-v]
-nik- der.af. chg.tr>it. Reversal: chg.tr>it. Atakkii
aatchuutigitnikâuäa patchisaiáaamik
iñuämik. Because I have given away an
innocent person. [Gram: v-n]-niáuk- der.af. to attempt (insufficiently). Reversal:
attempt, to ~. Putu atuàniáuktuq
agaayyuviämi. Putu was trying to sing inchurch. Aäugaatchiaq pisruäniáuktuq. An
old man was attempting to walk. [Gram: v-v]
-niq der.af. result of action; nature of things.
Reversal: result of action ; nature of things.
Ugiaàniq. A bite. Atniàñiq. An injury.
Qaluksuäniq. The smell of fish. [Gram: v-n]
-niq- der.af. evidence; hearsay. Reversal: evidence ;253

hearsay. Putu aullaàniqsuq ikpaksraq. Putu
apparently left yesterday. Miiyuk atuàniqsuq
uvluvak. Miiyuk sang today. Putu
isilgiññiqsuq. Putu has just come in again.
[Gram: v-v]
-niqâak- der.af. negative attitude: careless, rough,rude; suddenly. Reversal: careless ; rough ; rude.
Putu nipliñiqâaäniqsuq. Putu spoke up in arude manner. Miiyuk makiniqâaktuq. Miiyuk
suddenly rose [from her chair]. Qichatkut
tulaniqâaäniqsut. Qichaq's family came upon
the shore rather roughly. [Gram: v-v]
-niqsaq- (C) der.af. See: -niqsraq.
-niqsraq- der.af. superlative. Reversal: superlative.
Putu nipituniqsraqtaaàigaat aäutit. Putu isthe loudest of the men. Igitaugisiruttaaàniqsrallapiamun. They will be thrown tothe very darkest [darkness].
Mikiniqsraugaluaääaàmi
nautchiaksrapayaaniñ, ... While it is thesmallest of all seeds, ... Taatnaqhuni Christ
pitñiqsrauruq supayaani. That is why Christis the most [important] in everything. Variant:-niqsaq. [Gram: v-n]-niun- der.af. implement for subsistence. Reversal:
subsistence, implement for ~. Aäuniutmik
aäugaa. He caught it with a hunting tool.
Atanniutaagun ipqitáuni savaktigikkapkun
Jesus. By the command of your holy servant
Jesus. Iáitchuàikamiä maniññaäniutriä
piiqsiàniqman.... When they realized that theirsource of income had disappeared... derived
from fv: -nik 'aquire' and fv: -un 'tool'. Variant:-siun. [Gram: n-n]-niuraaq- der.af. slowly; relaxed. Reversal: slowly ;relaxed. Putu makinniuraaqtuq. Putu isgetting up slowly. Putu iáiññiuraaqtuq
nukatpiaäu'ami. Putu studied when he was ateenager. [Gram: v-v]
-niuraq- der.af. to try, to endeavor, make an effort.
Reversal: try ; endeavor. Aullaqtitkich iñuich
nullaàniuraàiaqulugich. Send the people
away so that they find a place to stay overnight.
Aglipkaàniuraàumagiksi
utiàniaââamnun-aglaan. Make an effort to let
this (money) 'grow' until I come. [Gram: v-v]
-nnak- der.af. to acquire s.t.; to win s.t. accidentally.
Reversal: acquire, to ~ ; win, to ~. Putu
qaàrunnaktuq ikpaksraq. Putu won someammunition yesterday. Miiyuk akiññaktuq.
Miiyuk earned her pay. [Gram: n-v]
-nnaq- der.af. favorite; preferred. Reversal: favorite ;preferred. Qichaq iàñinnaàigiga. Qichaq is myfavorite son. Taamna qallutinnaàa-uvva.

-näu--pak-

This is my favorite cup. Qiñiàlugu taamna
qipmiq, qipmiññaäa. Look at that dog, hisfavorite dog. [Gram: n-n]-näu- der.af. [Gram: v-v] 1) hurt (acutely).
Reversal: hurt (acutely). Matulik
niaqunäuruq. Matulik has a headache justnow. 2) to be tired of s.t. Reversal: tired of.
Putu tuttutunäuliqsuq uvluàaàikman. Putu
is tired of eating caribou (meat) every day. Putu
aquppiñäuruq. Putu is tired of sitting. Variant:-ñäu.

-nuk- der.af. go to. Reversal: go in direction of.

Uumaatkutnugluk. Let's go over to my girlfriend's place. Maamatkutnuäniaqtuäa. I am
going to go to mother's place.
Taatatkutnullakkumauvva. I should go to
grandfather's place for a while.
Sivulliuqtinuktuksrauruq akunàatni
ukpiqtuaäuruat ikayuqtitquluni. He should
go to the leaders among the believers that theyshould help him. [Gram: n-v]

Ä - ä-äaaq- der.af. deficient, inadequate, lacking.

Reversal: deficient, inadequate. Putu
kinnaäaaqtuq. Putu is mentally retarded.
Aäun imiäaaqtuq. The man is slightly drunk.
Qichaq alapyaäaaqtuq. Qichaq is absentminded. Qiruk iqãiäaaàuqtuq. The (piece of)wood has become bent [Gram: n-v]
-ääaq- der.af. Gerund: during, while; contemporative:
while. Reversal: during, while (Gerund) ;contemporative: while. Qaumauraaääaan
unnuksraaqman umiaq inniqsuq narvami.
During twilight toward evening the boat was out
on the lake. Umiaqtuääaàma atuqtuäa.
While I am boating, I am singing.
Qaummatiqaääapsi ukpiksrisitchi
qaumamik. While you have the light, believe
the light. [Gram: v-n]-ääuaq artificial, false, substitute. Reversal: false,
artificial, substitute. Kigutiääuatka naami?
Where are my dentures? [Gram: n-n]-ääuaq- der.af. 1) pretend. Reversal: pretend. Putu
siñiääuaqtuq. Putu pretends to sleep. Qichaq
atuääuaqtuq. Qichaq pretends to sing. [Gram:v-v] 2) artificial, false, substitute. Reversal:
false, artificial, substitute. Putu,
qayaääualiuqpich? Putu, are you making a toy
qayaq? [Gram: n-v]
-ääuq- der.af. to become. Reversal: become.
Tamatkua atausriääuqatauruat
sivulliuqtimiknun. They who were united with
their leader. [Gram: n-v]
-ääuq- der.af. [Gram: v-v] 1) to remain. Reversal:
remain. Anaqaksraaqman Putu
kisiääuàniqsuq. At evening time Putu was left
alone. 2) to contrast with others, comparing toothers unfavorably. Reversal: contrast withothers ; comparing to others unfavorably. Putu
savaaqaääuqtuq. Putu has a job when no one
else has.
-äuluk- der.af. gradual, in increments. Reversal:
gradual. Miiyuk mikiäuluktuq. Miiyuk isextremely small. Matulik
qauàrimaaàiäuluktuq. Matulik is small andvery alert. Putu uqsruuäuluktuq Putu issomewhat chubby. [Gram: v-v]

P - p-paaluk- der.af. just, finally. Reversal: just ; finally.

Putu itiqpaaluktuq. Putu just woke up.
Miiyuk tikitpaaluktuq. Miiyuk just arrived.
Putu anivaaluktuq. Putu just went out.
[Gram: v-v]
-pagit- der.af. so much that ___. Reversal: much, so ~that ___. Putu atuqpagitáuni igiiqsuq. Putu
sang so much that his voice got hoarse. Putum
Miiyuk piqpagivagitáugu aullaqtaiáigaa.
Putu loves Miiyuk very much, she stopped himfrom leaving. Niàivagitáuäa siñiäñialiqsuäa.
Because I ate too much I am getting sleepy.

[Gram: v-v]

-pak big. Reversal: big. Qaiqpaich

immautruànialiqâugu umiaq. Big waves
began to swamp the boat. Miiyuum atuàaa
uluqpak. Miiyuk is using a big women's knife.
Paqitnami akisullapiaqtuamik
suäauraqpaämik, ... When he found a highly
valuable pearl, ... Putu qallutiqpaqaqtuq.
Putu has a big cup. See: -qpak. [Gram: n-n]
-pak- der.af. intensifier: very, hard. Reversal:
intensifier: very, hard. Isigaiyaqpakkaaäa. My
feet are very cold. Putu savakpaktuq. Putu is254

-paliq--qaàvik

hard at work. Uviñik puppaktuq. Skin swells
up violently. See: -qpak. [Gram: v-v]
-paliq- der.af. probably. Reversal: probably. Putu
aullaqpaliqsuq. Putu has probably left. Putu
niàivaliqsuq. (I am) assuming Putu is eating.
Uvluaqsivaliqsuq. Daylight must be breaking.
Putu umiayyivaliàñiqsuq ikpaksraq. Putu
probably made a boat yesterday. See: -valiq- ;-valuk-. [Gram: v-v]
-paluk- der.af. might; possibly; probably. Reversal:
might ; possibly ; probably. Miiyuk
aggiqpaluktuq. Miiyuk has probably come.
Putu niàianikpaluktuq. Putu may havealready eaten. Miiyuk asriaàniaàisivaluktuq.
Miiyuk might go berry-picking.
Iáisimaniàuptiku apqusaagaksrautigikkaàa
apiqsruàayaitpaluktutik taatna. If you had
understood what I will have to go through you
might not have asked like that. See: -valuk.
[Gram: v-v]
-pauraq- der.af. huge, very big. Reversal: huge.
Asriaqpauraqtuàukkaluaqtuäa. I would liketo eat a big fruit (, but I don't have one rightnow). Iñugayaaqpaurat maliäniàaat. Very
many people followed him. See: -pak.
-payaaq der.af. every, all; much. Reversal: every, all ;much. Tupipayaaq taluqaqtuq. Every househas a door. Putu iáisimaruq supayaanik. Putu
knows everything. Katipayaaqmata iñuich
niàiqatiqaqtut Putumik. Every time people
meet they eat together with Putu. [Gram: n-n]
-payaaq- much, final, all. Reversal: much(adverbial) ; final. Putu quiñisipayaaqtuq(C). Putu uqsrallaaqtuq. Putu has becomemuch fatter now. Putu nakuuqsipayaaqtuq.
Putu has become much better (healthwise).
[Gram: v-v]
-piaq- der.af. might. Reversal: might. Iñuich
aäalannaqâuktaiviaqtut. People might start an
uproar. Igliääaàma siñiktukkaqpiaqtuäa.
While I am traveling I might fall asleep. Iñuich
saatpiaàaasi. People might turn against you.
[Gram: v-v]
-piaq- der.af. really; completely. Reversal: really ;completely. Uvaäa iñupiaäuruäa. I am

Iñupiaq (a 'real' person). Qattaq
nuäutipiaqpiuä? Did you empty the bucket
completely? Niàiraqtugut niqipianik. We eat('real' food) meat. [Gram: v-v]
-piaàataq intensely. Putu savatlapiaàataàaa.
Putu certainly can do it. Miiyuk
savapiaàataqtuq. Miiyuk is working extremely
hard. Putu niapiqtupiaàataqtuq iglaanik.
Putu is watching the visitors intensely.
-pianàit hardly at all; hardly any. Putu
iglaäapianàitchuq. Putu hardly ever smiles.
Ukiuvak aputiqapianàitchuq. This winterthere is hardly any snow at all. Putu
savapianàitchuq. Putu hardly works at all.
-pkaq- der.af. [Gram: v-v] 1) causative: to let, toallow, to permit. Reversal: causative: let, allow,
permit. Putum Miiyuk niàipkaàaàigaa. Putu
lets Miiyuk eat (i.e. feeds). Qaumapkaqsigik
nannisi sivuàaatni iñuich. Let you lights shine
before people. Variant: -tit.
-pqaäa- der.af. enjoy doing something (after
difficulty). Reversal: enjoy (after difficulty).
Putu qaàapqaäaruq. Putu is resting after heworked hard. Putu niàipqaäaruq
paniktumik. Putu enjoyed eating dried fish.
[Gram: v-v]
-pqaq- der.af. barely. Reversal: barely. Ikniq
ikumapqauraqtuq. The fire is smoldering.
Putu pisrupqaàaqtuq. Putu is walking withdifficulty. [Gram: v-v]
-pqaàluq barely, with difficulty. Miiyuk
qiñipqaàluqtuq. Poor thing! Miiyuk can see,but barely. Putu tikipqaàluqtuq. Putu arrived,
but barely made it.
-pqauraq barely (intensified). Putu
uqapqauraqtuq. Putu is barely talking. Putu
aullapqauraqtuq. Putu finally left, but hebarely made it.
-psaaq- der.af. more, longer. Reversal: more ;longer. Putu siñiktuallapsaaqtuq. Putu issleeping a little longer. Putum Miiyuk
niàipsaaqtitkaa. Putu lets Miiyuk eat somemore. Variant: -vsaaq. [Gram: v-v]

Q - q-qaàuk- der.af. needs. Reversal: needs. Lit: 'wants tohave'. Putu imiqaàuktuq. Putu needs somewater. Matulik tupiqaàuktuq. Matulik needs ahouse. [Gram: n-v]
-qaàvik der.af. container for, storage for. Reversal:

255

container for, storage for. Taamnauvva
mukkaaqaàvik. That one is a flour container.
Piiàáuguasrii kialuuraqaàviksi inaaniñ. And
then remove your lampstand from its place.
[Gram: n-n]-qaàvik-qaàvik- opportunity for. Reversal: opportunity for.

Savaaqaàviksrallautam aämautigaaäa. A
good opportunity for work has opened up forme. [Gram: v-v]
-qan der.af. partnering. Reversal: partnering.
Taamna Putum tuvaaqataa. That is Putu's
companion. [Gram: n-v]
-qaq- der.af. have. Reversal: have. Putu
amiviñillautauraqaqtuq. Putu has a nice little
piece of skin. Tuyuusriaqaqpik? Do I haveany mail? Tupipayaaq taluqaqtuq. Everyhouse has a door. Piñasrunik qipmiqaqtuäa. I
have three dogs. Miiyuk mitqutiqaqtuq.
Miiyuk has a supply of needles. Putu
niqiqaâallaktuq tupiàmiñi. Putu has lots offood in his house. [Gram: n-v]
-qaq- der.af. 1) EXIST: existential. Reversal: EXIST:
existential. Tupiàayaaqaqtuq
Qikiqtaàruämi. There are many houses in
Kotzebue. Maniiáami iñàiqaqtuq. There aremountains along Maniiáaq (river). Putu
naipiqtuqtiqaqtuq. Putu is being watched (hasa 'watcher') [Gram: n-v] 2) indicator of direct
object. Reversal: indicator of direct object ;object indicator. Tuyuqaàisiruäa
sivuniksriqirinik iñugikkamnun. I will send
prophets to my people.
-qasiq- (C) der.af. accompany:intrans. Reversal:
accompany:intrans. Putu nallaqasiàáiuä. Let
Putu lie down together with him. Siñigviämik
inillaktuqasiàukpiäa? Do you to make the bed
together with me? Jesus aullaqasriàñiqsuq
maliàuaqtimiñik. Jesus left together with his
disciples. Piqasiàiakkich
tuyuàikkaàigitkakii. Go with them, because I
have sent them. See: -qatigi. Variant: -qasriq.
[Gram: v-v]
-qasriq- der.af. accompany. Reversal: accompany.
Putum Miiyuk pisruqasriàaa. Putu walked
together with Miiyuk. Putum Miiyuk
siñiqasriàaa siñigvikpaäni. Putu slept
together with Miiyuk on the big bed.
Puggutchiqiqasriàukpiña? Do you want tohelp me washing the dishes? Variant: -qasiq.
[Gram: v-v]
-qataq- der.af. often. Reversal: often. Putu
naäitqataqtuq. Putu is often discomforted.
Putu imiqtuqataqtuq. Putu drinks in sudden
gulps. Putu kisimi aäuniaqataliqsuq. Putu
began to hunt every now and then by himself.
Putu pisrukkataqtallaktuq ikpaksraavak.
Putu kept walking around last week.
Tikiññiàaat patiktiqataaqsipáuguasriiñ.
They stepped up to him and started to slap him-qpak
repeatedly. [Gram: v-v]

-qati- der.af. comitative: doing things together.

Reversal: comitative: doing things together.
Tatqaviñ tiäiqatiga. Katherine, my travelingpartner. [Gram: v-v]
-qatigi- der.af. COM.tr: doing things together.
Reversal: COM.tr: doing things together.
Uqaqatigisrukpiuä? Do you want to talk withher? Atuqatigiich. A choir: singing together asa group Aniiqsuaqatigisrukkikpiñ. I want toplay outside with you. Qikaàniqsut tatqaani
uqaqatigisukâugu. They stood outside wanting
to talk with him. Maliäniàaa piqatigiplugichiáannani. He got up and followed him together
with his friends. Variant: -qatiqaq. [Gram: vv]-qatiqaq- der.af. COM.it: doing things together.
Reversal: COM.it: doing things together.
Tautuäniàaat niàiqatiqaqâugu
killuliqirinik. They saw him eating together
with sinners. Tallimanik aniqatiqaqtuäa. I
have five brothers. Paqinniàaik maliàuaqtit
katimaqatiqaqtuat atlanik. They the apostles
who were meeting with others. Putu
tuvaaqatiqaqtuq. Putu has a (hunting) partner.
[Gram: v-v]
-qautraq- der.af. besting, do s.t. best, first, most.
Reversal: do s.t. best, first, most. Putu
tikitqautraqtuq. Putu is competing in a race.
Putu ikaaqautraqtuq. Putu tried to cross (theriver) first. Ukpiqsriãikun piqautraàiñ. In
your faith, try [doing] your best. Variant:-qaurraq. [Gram: v-n v-v]
-qâuk- der.af. old, aged; used; bad. Reversal: old ;bad ; aged ; used. Putu niààiqãuktuq Putu had
food poisoning. Putu niqaaqâuktuqtuq. Putu
is eating aged food. Putu kuvraaqâuqaqtuq.
Putu has an old (useless) net. Syn: -aàruk.
Variant: -aqâuk; -âuk. [Gram: n-v]
-qâuktaq Variant: -luk; -àluk.
-qâuk- der.af. to be unpleasant, to be improper; to beabnormal. Reversal: unpleasant, to be ~ ;improper, to be ~ ; abnormal, to be ~.
Puggutchiqqiñiqâukkataqnak. Quit banging
the dishes around. Putum qiñiqâukkaaäa.
Putu gave me a weird look. Putu
aqpaqsruâuktuq. Putu runs in a clumsy way.
Putu nalaqâuktuq uvluvak. Putu is lethargic
and lays around today. Syn: -aqâuk. [Gram: vv]-qâuktaq persistent condition.
Siññaktuqâuktaqtuäa. I had a bad dream.
Variant: -âuk; -luk; -àluk.
-qpak der.af. 1) Adverbial Modifier: big. Reversal:

256

-qqaaq-ruaq-

Adverbial Modifier: big. Taamnauvva
umiaqpaga. That is my big boat. [Gram: n-n]2) Adv.Mod: much, many. Reversal: Adv.Mod:
much, many. Putum Miiyuk
iglautigiqpakkaa. Putu laughed at Miiyuk verymuch (disparaging). Arrii,
isigaiyaqpakkaaäa! Oh, my feet are very cold!
See: -pak. [Gram: v-v]
-qpauraq very much; extreme. Putu
iààuqsiqpauraqtuq. Putu did a lot of laundry.
-qqaaq der.af. first, before. Reversal: first, before,
after. Putu aullaqqaaqtuq. Putu left first.
Putu tikitqaaqtuq. Putu arrived first. Putu
mumiqqaaqtuq. Putu changed (his ways) first.
Putu, imillaqqaaàutin. Putu, (go ahead) drink
first. Putum supiqqaaqâugu kialuuraq
nallaqtuq. Putu blew out the candle before
going to bed. Or: Putu went to bed after blowing
out the candle. [Gram: v-v]
-qqaaq der.af. first. Reversal: first. Miiyuum
uiqqaaäa tuquruq. Miiyuk's first husband isdead. [Gram: n-n]
-qqamiq der.af. recently, moments ago. Reversal:
recently, moments ago. Putu
isiqqamiàñiqsuq. Putu has just come in. Putu
ayaqqamiqsuq. Putu has just pushed his boat
off. Paniga amma tuquqqamiqsuq. My
daughter has just died. [Gram: v-v]
-qqayaq der.af. almost (but not quite). Reversal:
almost. Apuqqayaàikma You almost bumped
me. Paalaqqayaqtuäa. I almost tripped. Putu
tikitqayaqtuq. Putu has almost arrived Putum
Miiyuk tusaaqqayaàaa. Putu almost 'heard'

Miiyuk. Putu argaiqsiqqayaqtuq. Putu almost
lost his hands. Iñuich iluqatiqqayaq
katiniqsut. Nearly everybody assembled.
[Gram: v-v]
-qqayauraq almost ... but (in a critical moment).
Kigipkaqqayauraqtuäa. I almost got bitten.
Putu aäupkaqqayauraqtuq. Putu was almost
caught.
-qqiak der.af. to bedazzle, to be struck by. Reversal:
bedazzle, to ~ ; struck, to be ~ by. Piksrumiäa
uvluàiaääuamik piññaqqiallaktuq. She wasstruck by the beauty of the artificial star up
there.
-qu der.af. demand, allow, permit, let, command.
Reversal: demand ; command ; allow ; permit.
Putum Miiyuk natchiqitqugaa. Putu wants
Miiyuk to wash the floor. Putum Miiyuk
salummaqugaa. Putu demands of Miiyuk toclean up. See: -tqu. [Gram: v-v]
-qusaaq der.af. to tempt; to encourage. Reversal:
tempt ; encourage. Kia iñuum
killuqsaqusaaqpagu iáaäat makua... If any
one tempts one of these to commit sin... Ilaa
aäiqusaaqsiupmiuq uvaptiktitun
supayaatigun. He was tempted like us ineverything. Variant: -qusraaq. [Gram: v-v]
-quyuk der.af. few. Reversal: few. Qapsiquyuurat
iñuich aggiàñiqsut ikpaksraq. Very few
people came yesterday. Putu aullaàniqsuq
akkuquyuuraq. Putu left just a few minutes
ago. [Gram: n-n]

R - r
-ri
der.af. See: -sri.
-rriq der.af. 1) to proceed: to begin or carry on withan activity. Reversal: proceed, to ~.
Tusaqsaàiáitpigich iáisimarriqsuutiäich
akikäaqhutin? Don't you hear their testifying
against you? [Gram: v-n] 2) supply with ___ ,provide with ___. Reversal: supply, to ~ with___ ; provide, to ~ with ~. Putum
kuukpirriqpauä kuukpiaqtuàvik? Did Putu
supply the coffee pot with coffee? Putu
nautchirriqsuq upinàaaksrami. Putu planted
a garden in spring time. Qichaq
qirriqqammiàñiàaa akkuvauraq. Qichaq
placed wood on it just moments ago. See: -liq.
[Gram: n-v]
-rriqi der.af. See: -liqi.
-rriuq der.af. to make, to repair, to prepare. Reversal:

257

repair, to ~ ; make, to ~.
Kuukpirriuqtuäa-aku. I made coffee a whileago. Putuu, kuukpirriuàutivisigut? Putu, areyou making coffee for all of us? See: -liuq.
[Gram: n-v]
-rruqtu der.af. Ipchunani iñuäni
iññiatlairruqtugalukkut. It is amazing people
sure haven't come to visit!
Atlayuaànarruqtugalukkut nalunikapsiuä
nakitñaqtauâhagun. It is very strange that you
don't know about where he came from. See:
-galukkut.
-ruaq- der.af. See: -àruaq-.
-ruaq- der.af. to be skillful, to do s-th effectively;
unexpectedly. Reversal: skillful ; unexpectedly.
Putu niksivigruaqtuq. Putu caught many fishby chance. Putum pisillagruaàaa. (C) Putum

-ruk-sugruk-ruaq one who is related. Reversal: one who issiktiâuaàaa. (K) Putu shot (and hit) well. Putu
quyaäitchuq sialugullagruaqman. (C) Putu
is not pleased when it started raining
unexpectedly. Variant: -âuaq. [Gram: v-v]
-ruk der.af. one who ... Reversal: one who ... Lit:
'That which is an island.'. Qikiqtaàruk.
Kotzebue (town of K.) [Gram: n-n]related. Taataruaq. Grandfather. Taamaa
aäun taataruaàa. That man is my grandfather.
-ruuraq one who is little. Reversal: one who islittle. Aanaruuraäa Putum. Putu's little
grandmother.

S - s-saaq der.af. continuous effort. Reversal: continuous

effort. Qiñiqusaasuäaqasi sivuàaatni iñuich
(C). Qiñiqusraasruäaqasri sivuàaatni
iñuich (K). Don't just flaunt yourselves before
the people. Putu pisruksaaqtuq. Putu "glided"
past (walked with a long stride). Aullaqsaqtuat
utiqsaaqtut. They were leaving (but) they
returned. Putu sanniuàruksaaqtuq. Putu
veered and made a U-turn. Variant: -saq.
-saàuma der.af. to intend, to be supposed to.
Reversal: intend ; supposed to. Putu
atuqsaàumaruq uvlaakun. Putu intends tosing tomorrow. Qaaäiqsaàumaruatun
piñiàai. He acted like someone who intended topass by. Aggiàumiuqautisraàumakkaäatigut supayaamik.
When he comes, he will tell us everything.
Inillaksaàumagiñ agvisigikkan
tikitkaluaqnagu uqaqsittaaàvik. Make aneffort and settle the charge against you before
you reach the court. Uvagut
qichaqsaàumarugut sivuàaani Agaayyutim.
All of us, we will stand before God [someday].
[Gram: v-v]
-saiái der.af. See: -taiái.
-saq der.af. to get, to fetch. Reversal: fetch, to ~.
Putu suuraqsaqtuq. Putu came to get his
belongings. Putu qiáàiqsaqtuq. Putu went toget his sled. Putu sulliñiqsaqtuq. Putu came topick up his belongings. Syn: -liuq. Variant:-sraq. [Gram: v-v]
-saq der.af. to try, to make an effort. Reversal: try, to~ ; effort, to make an ~. Putu
sanäiyautiàiksaqtuq. Putu repairs a broom.
Aullaqsaqtuat utiqsaaqtut. They wereleaving (but) they returned. Syn: -niaq ; -suq.
Variant: -saaq.
-sider.af. See: -sri.
-sider.af. indicates change from stative toprogressive. Reversal: indicates: stative toprogressive. Siáagiksiaqsiruq. The weather isbeginning to clear up. Utkusrik uunaqsiruq.
The pot is getting hot. Siqiñiq nipipman

taaqsiraqtuq. When the sun sets, it gets dark.
Matulik aglaktigiksiruq. Matulik has becomea fine teacher. Ukpiqsriãha
sayaktusriáaaàniqsuq. His faith has graduallygrown stronger. Putu aäunialgusriaqsiruq.
Putu is getting to be skillful at hunting. [Gram:v-v]-sider.af. 1) to get, to buy. Reversal: get ; buy.
Putu umiaqsiruq. Putu has bought a boat.
Putu atnuàaaqsiruq. Putu is buying clothes.
Miiyuk niqiksraqsisiksraqaqtuq. Miiyuk has
money to buy food. Miiyuk tunisiruq tuttum
amianik. Miiyuk sold a caribou skin. [Gram: nv] 2) to process. Reversal: process. Miiyuk
amiiqsiruq. Miiyuk is in the process ofskinning (an animal). Putu imiqsiruq
kuukpiamik. Putu is sipping coffee. [Gram: vv]-sima der.af. indicates state. Reversal: indicatesstate. Putu isiqsimaruq. Putu is inside (after
having entered). Putu ukkuaqsimaruq. Putu
taaàutchiqsimaruq (K). Putu has already put
up curtains. Variant: -ma. [Gram: v-v]
-siñaq der.af. See: -âhiñaq.
-siq der.af. 1) valence changer: n>vi. Reversal:
valence changer: n>vi. Umialiksi usiaqsiqsuq
natmaksiàviämi. Your king is riding on a beastof burden. 2) valence changer: vi > vt. Reversal:
valence changer: vi > vt. Miiyuum paniurani
saàliaqsiàaa. Miiyuk is holding her baby
daughter on her lap.
-siq der.af. See: -tiq.
-siqi der.af. See: -liqi.
-siun der.af. implement for subsistence. Reversal:
subsistence, implement for ~. Uvva
qalugruaqsiun. This is a salmon net.
Siáasiutiqaqtugut tupimni. We have athermometer in our house. Variant: -niun.
[Gram: v-n]
-siuq der.af. See: -sriuq.
-sugruk der.af. 1) to spend much time. Reversal:
much time, to spend ~.
Tavraniisugruanikmaknik aullaqtinniàaich.

258

-sugu-sri

When they(2) had spent much time there, they
sent them away. Isummatigisugrukkiga. I
thought about it for a long time. Putu
iññiaqsimasrugrugataqtuq. Putu stayed there
for quite some time. [Gram: v-v] 2) to be huge,
immense. Reversal: huge ; immense.
Iñukpasrugruk A giant. Ikpaksraasrugruk.
Many days ago. Syn: -niàluk. Variant:-srugruk. [Gram: n-n]-sugu der.af. See: -ugu.
-suànaq der.af. Adverb of Possibility: is easily
possible, is doable. Reversal: possibility, adverbof ~. Iñuk isumatuâiàmik pakmakäaqtamik
piqaqtuaq uqautisuànaqtuq. The man who
has wisdom from above is open to reason ("easyto talk to")-suk der.af. desiderative: want, desire. Reversal:
desire ; want. Kuukpiaàukpich? Do you want
(to drink) coffee? Putu niàisullapiaqtuq. Putu
is really hungry. Putu aisuktuq. Putu wants togo home. Putu puvraàuktuq. Putu wants toswim. Putu umialigulaaàuktuq. Putu wants tobecome richer. Variant: -guk; -uk; -chuk;-sruk.
-suk der.af. to purpose (in dep. clauses). Reversal:
purpose, to ~. Judas aäiqtuq
aatchuutigisukâugu Jesus Judas agreed to giveaway Jesus. [Gram: v-v]
-suknaq der.af. 1) to assume, think that ...; probably.
Reversal: assume ; probably. Miiyuk
aäiáaaqsimasruknaqtuq. I assume that Miiyuk
is home. Agliqisimasuknaàiksi
maliàutaksrani... You must have read in thebook of the law... Putu siñiguknaqtuq. Putu isprobably sleeping. Putu, saglusruknaqtutin.
Putu, I think you are telling a lie. Putu
saääisisuguknaqtuq. Putu probably wants to
get stronger. [Gram: v-v] 2) probably. Reversal:

probably. Taamna qipmisruknaq-uvva Thatis probably a dog. Variant: -sruknaq. [Gram:n-n]-suäaq der.af. without ...ing. Reversal: without.
Ukpiqsrisiqaàupsi arguaqtusuäaqasi ... If
you had faith without doubting ...
Iñuuniurallautaàitchi qiqisiasuäaqasi. Go
ahead, live well and don't get cold! Taamna
iñuk aullaàniqsuq piñatchiasuäaqani. Thatman went out without delaying.
Qiñisuäaqnagu qirugraitchiaq irimiitan.
Without seeing the log that is in your [own] eye.
[Gram: v-v]
-suäniq der.af. the smell of s.t.; the nature of s.t.
Reversal: smell of ; nature of. Qaluksuäniq.
The smell of fish. [Gram: n-n]-suänit der.af. to have the smell of; to taste like ...
Reversal: smell, to ~ like ; taste, to ~ like.
Qaniàa sikaaqsuänitchuq. My mouth tastes
like cigarettes. [Gram: n-v]
-suq der.af. good. Reversal: good. Putu
uqautrisuqtuq. Putu is a good speaker.
Miiyuk kammisuqtuq. Miiyuk can make goodboots. [Gram: v-v]
-suq der.af. See: -tuq. [Gram: v-v]
-suu der.af. to do something often, out of habit, by
nature. Reversal: habitually ; habit, out of ~.
Atausriq iglaaq niàisuuruq. One of thetravelers is always eating. Miiyuk
tunisisuuruq sunik. Miiyuk always likes tosell things. Upinàaksraami siku
saaglisuuruq. In spring time the ice gets verythin. Putu qaluäniaàuuruq. Putu likes to go
fishing. Putu uqsruusruugaluaqtuaq. Putu
used to be very fat before. Syn: -aq. [Gram: vv]

SR - sr-srider.af. Val.Chgr: indic. DO. Reversal: Val.Chgr:indic. DO. Kiñapayaaq kamaksriruaq
tillisiñik... Anyone who obeys thecommandments... Qaiáiqpauratuniiiñ
kamagivatruä? Do even big waves obey him?
Kiñapayaaq iáisautriruaq atlanik
taatnaquplugich... Anyone who teaches others
to do the same... Putu araaqtuiruq iñuänik.
Putu counsels people. Putu takuriqaqtuq.
Putu is being visited or (has s.o. to check onhim). Siqñagipiaàipsi Agaayyun
siqñaqsripmatun ilipsitñik. I jealously guard

259

you like God is protective of you.
Tuqutchiñiaqtuat iáiágauramik tuqurut. The
ones who tried to kill young child have died.
Tammaigisigaa iáumutuuruaq iñuuâiq. He
will lose true life. Putu, katairutin aglautmik.
Putu, you dropped a pencil. Putu katitchiruq
qiruänik. Putu is gathering wood. Putu
aullautriruq qattamik. Putu brought a bucketwith him. Nalliak tupiginiqpatku aaparik?
Which one obeyed their(2) father?
Qaummatiqaääapsi ukpiksrisitchi
qaumamik. While you have the light, believe-sriñaq

-taq

the light. Aatchuiyumuutin tuniááautinik
Agaayyutmun Go ahead, and give an offering
to God. See: -ri; -si; -i; -chi; -gi. [Gram: v-v]
-sriñaq der.af. See: -âhiñaq.
-sriqi der.af. See: -liqi.
-sriraaq der.af. to bring s.t. along. Reversal: bringalong. Putu suppusriraaqtuq. Putu brought
his gun along with him. [Gram: n-v]
-srit der.af. to supply with s.t. Reversal: supply withs.t. Putum Miiyuk uqsruqsritkaa. Putu gave
Miiyuk seal oil. Miiyuum niqiksritpauä? Did
Miiyuk give him food?
Uqumaiáutaksritchumagiñ iyaàaämik. You
must give him a rock for weight.
Akiáiusiaksritkisigaatin. He will give you areward. Variant: -ksrit. [Gram: n-v]
-sriuq der.af. to search for s.t. Reversal: search for.
Putu tuttusriuqtuq. Putu is looking for
caribou (to shoot and bring home). Putu
natchiqsiuqtuq. Putu is looking for a seal.
Qaunaksruaqsiágiññiàaat
agvisiksraqsiuqâugu.
Qaunaksruaqsiágiññiàaat
patchisriksaqsiuqâugu (K). They watched him
closely once more to find a reason to accusehim. Syn: -liaq. Variant: -siuq. [Gram: n-n(following stems ending in vowel)]-srugaaq der.af. still (ongoing process). Reversal:

still (ongoing process). Taatnamik
isitlasrugaaqtugut. Therefore, we can still
enter. [Gram: v-v]
-srugu der.af. See: -ugu.
-sruànaq der.af. to be pleasant to ... Reversal:
pleasant, to be ~ to. Naimasruànaqtuam
immiàñiàaa iluqaan tupiq. A pleasant smell
filled the whole house. [Gram: v-v]
-sruk der.af. See: -suk.
-sruknaq der.af. See: -suknaq.
-srula der.af. to sound like, to make noise like.
Reversal: sound, to ~ like. Qamna
nikñiaqtuaq pugutaqsrularuq. The one
cooking in there is making noise with dishes.
Imma iñuksrularuq. [I hear] sound of people
yonder.
-srullak just now it sounds like.
Iñuksrullaktiqtuq. That sounds like humans
just now. Qamna niqñiaqtuaq
pugutaqsrularuq. The one cooking in there ismaking noise with the dishes.
-sruq der.af. reflexive (benefit for oneself). Reversal:
reflexive (benefit for oneself). Putu,
qiasruiàiñ! Putu, stop crying! Uqautriáutin
naààuksruànaàumiñaitchuakun. Speak in a
way that cannot be criticized. Variant: -suq.
[Gram: v-v]

T - t-taaq der.af. one obtained or caught. Reversal: one

obtained or caught. Taamna-uvva tuttutaaàa.
That one is the caribou I caught. Variant: -utit.
[Gram: n-n]-taaq der.af. quality marker: '-ness'. Reversal: quality
marker: '-ness'. Taaqtaaq. Taaqtuaq
Darkness. Apun qatiqtaaäuruq. Snow has
whiteness Uqaqtaaq recitation (quality of talk)[Gram: n-n]-taiái der.af. to prevent from, to save from. Reversal:
prevent from ; save from. Putum Miiyuknakkaqtaiáigaa. Putu kept Miiyuk from falling
into the water. Putum iáannani
uumitchaktaiáigaa. Putu prevented his friend
from bursting out in anger. Putum Miiyuk
piqpagivagitáugu aullaqtaiáigaa. Putu loves
Miiyuk very much, she stopped him fromleaving. Putum iáannani atniqsaiáigaa. Putu istrying not to hurt his friend. Variant: -saiái.
[Gram: v-v]
-taksraq der.af. must, should. Reversal: must ;should. Siqumitaksraq siku. The ice that has

to be shredded. Aäutim unisaksraàigaa
aapaniáu aakaniáu. A man should leave hisfather and mother. [Gram: v-v]
-taq der.af. Gerund: deverbalizer. Reversal: Gerund:deverbalizer. Taamna aglaun paqitaq-uvva.
That pencil is the found one.
Qasriáisigiaqsiñiàaat anitquplugu isiqtaq.
They demanded that the prisoner be released.
Miiyuum piksraqtaaàigaa nakuuniqtaq.
Miiyuk has chosen the better [thing]. Putu
tikisaqput. Putu, the one we reached. [Gram:v-n]-taq der.af. repeated action (off/on). Reversal:
repeated action. Putu qaluktaqtuq. Putu keeps
catching fish. Putu utiqtaqtuq. Putu is goingback and forth. Miiyuk killaiyautitaqtaqtuq.
Miiyuk is operating the sewing machine.
Taamna qamiraàaqtuq. That one keeps goingon and off by itself. Nipillautamikuqanàitñapta qiâhuqtaàaàigaa piqatigiiãiq.
When we don't speak kind words, we always
ruin a relationship. Syn: -aq. Variant: -raq.

260

-taq

-tit[Gram: v-v]

-taq der.af. former __; originate from __;characteristic of ___. Reversal: former __ ;originate from __ ; characteristic of ___. Siichtaàiuàmiutat uqsruurut. Sheefish from
Kobuk Lake are fat. Taapkua saunàich
imakäaqtaurut. Those bones are ancientartifacts. Tamatkua aànaqtat uvva. Those[things] are things of women. Variant: -miutaq.
[Gram: n-n]-taq der.af. bad result; old and unusable. Reversal:
result, bad ~ ; unusable [item]. Tikitchuq
aäallaqâuktamun. He came to the person who
had been roughed up.
-tchak- der.af. indicates change (from stative toprogressive verb), sudden by causation.
Reversal: change:Stat>Prog, sudden bycausation. Putu kanäutchaktuq. Putu got
embarrassed. Punniqsut nunamun
iqsitchakhutiä. They bent down to the groundas they had gotten scared. Nukatpiaq
ipiqtutchakhuni aullaàniqsuq. The young
man left despondent. Putu iglaàutchaktuq.
Putu started laughing. Putu uumitchaktuq.
Putu became suddenly angry. Putu,
uumitchautiviña? Putu, did you become angry
with me? Tusaakamiuä taamna
isumaalutchaäniqsuq. When he heard that he
was prompted to worry. [Gram: v-v]
-tchauraq der.af. new, brand new. Reversal: new,brand ~. Pututkut iñuuniaqtut
tupitchauraàmikni. Putu and his family areliving in their new house. See: -tchiaq.
-tchiaq der.af. to be cute, small, to be new. Reversal:
small/cute, to be ~ ; new, to be ~. Tutitchiaàa
aggiàñiqsuq ikpaksraq. My grandchildarrived yesterday. Taamna aäugaatchiaq
taataruaàigiga. That old man is my father.
Putu aanàuatchiaqaqtuq. Putu has a newamulet. Paqillaàniàaa imaiáaaq
inigisimakkani salikuqtaatchiaq. He finds
his former place empty and newly swept clean.
Taamna iñuk aullaàniqsuq
piñatchiasuäaqani. That man went out without
delay. See: -tchauraq. [Gram: n-n]-tchiaq- der.af. to be cute, to be small. Reversal:
cute/small, to be ~. Putu killaiyatchiaqtuq.
[How cute!] Putu is sewing! Putu
quviatchaäniqsuq kirratchiaqman. Putu isrejoicing about the bright sunshine. [Gram: v-v]
-tider.af. actor: one who does s.t. habitually.
Reversal: actor: one who does s.t. habitually.
Putu uqaqtauruq uvva. Putu is a talker. Putu
naipiqtuqtiqaqtuq. Putu is being watched (has261

a 'watcher'). Miiyuk nikniaqtauruq. Miiyuk isa cook. Atuqtitchiri taamna Miiyuk. The
choir director is Miiyuk. Putu
puggutchiqirauruq. Putu is a dish washer[Gram: v-n]-tigi- der.af. Adv.Mod: degree. Reversal: Adv.Mod:
degree. Taamna, aktigiva qanutun? That one,
how large is it? Taatnatuyuänaq aktigiruq.
It's length is about that much. Qanutunaglaan
taaqtuaq tatamnaqtiginiaqpa! How terriblethat darkness is going to be! [Gram: v-v]
-tilaaq der.af. indicator of DO. Reversal: DO
indicator. Uqumaisilaaäa nalugiga. I don't
know his weight (how much he weighs). Putu
naluruq suniutilaaàmiñik. Putu didn't know
where he was. Putum tautukamiuä qanutun
saääisilaaäa anuàim iqsitchaäniqsuq. When
Putu saw how strong the wind was he got
frightened. [Gram: v-n]-tilaaq- [Gram: v-v] der.af. verbalizer. Reversal:
verbalizer. Umiaq takitilaaàlagu. Let memeasure the length of the boat (how long it is).
Kaviqsaamik kipitilaaàuä. Dye it more withred (Use more red dye on it). Putu
aglalgutilaaqtuq. Putu writes as much as hecan.
-tiq- der.af. sudden, abrupt. Reversal: sudden ;abrupt. Qanuqhuni manna napaaqtuq
paniqtiqpauä? How did this tree wither sofast? Putu kanäutchaktiqtuq. Putu wasembarrassed (by something).
Iglarriqsiàniqsugut. All of a sudden, we havesome visitors around here. Putu imiqtiqtuq
imiàmik. Putu drank water at once. Putu
misiksiàniqsuq. Putu jumped out [of the sled]suddenly. Putu isiqtiqtuq tupimnun. Putu
'popped' into my house. Putum nauriaq
tikkuaqtiàaa imaqtikkaäa. Putu points to theplant which he has just watered. Putu
atniqsiqtuq. Putu had an accident. Paniktut
pamakäautliàniàaich. They brought the dried
fish from back there. Putu quviasruliqsiqtuq
taimmaiñaq. Putu has become happy all of asudden. Syn: -asruaq. See: -liq. Variant: -siq.
[Gram: v-v (following back cons. -k- and -q-)]-tiq- der.af. direct: marked by the absence of any
intervention. Reversal: direct action. Putu
tigliñàisiàluqtuq. I am glad Putu did not steal.
Iglaat niqâiqsiqtut. The travelers ate all
together. Nuurviämiut savviqsiqtut. The
people of Noorvik worked as a group. [Gram: vv]-tit- der.af. cause of action; permission. Reversal:
cause of action ; permission. Putum aànaurat

-titmakinäuraqtitkai. Putu lets all the girls get
up. Putu qupauraqtitchiruq. Putu lets (them)sew fancy designs. Agaayyutim siqiññini
siqiññaaàiksitkaa iñupayaanun. God lets his
sun shine on all people. Putu isiqtitchukpiuä?
Do you want Putu to come in? See: -pkaq.
[Gram: v-v]
-tit- der.af. simultaneous action: while. Reversal:
simultaneous action: while. Taavrumiäa
isumaaluktitlugu isaàulik sagviutiniàaa.
While he was thinking on this, an angel
appeared him. Tautuäniàaa Putum
aakaruaäa nalaruaq uunaqâuktitluni. He
saw Putu's mother-in-law lying while having afever. Putu uqaàugaaqtitlugu Miiyuk
aggiàñiqsuq. While Putu was still talking,Miiyuk came. See: -pkaq. [Gram: v-v]
-tkut der.af. household, group, family. Reversal:
household ; group ; family. Kuugauratkut.
Billy's family/household. [Gram: n-n]-tla- der.af. able, can. Reversal: able, can. Putu
uniaàatlaruq. Putu is able to drive a team ofdogs. Quvianamiurusi, atakkii irigikkasi
qiñitlarut. You are blessed because your eyes
can see. [Gram: v-v]
-tlaiq no longer able. Putu savatlaiqsuq. Putu
can no longer work (having been able do soearlier).
-tlait unable, cannot. Putu atutlaitchuq. Putu is
unable sing.
-tlaiáaq one who is unable to ... Putu
uqatlaiáaq-uvva. Putu is the one who cannot
talk.
-tlaiááapiaq really unable. Putum, iáannapta
tikitáaiááapiaàaatigut. Putu, our friend suredoes not visit us anymore.
-tlasi become able, be able now. Taapkuak
aäutik qiñitlasitqiäñiqsuk. Paniiä,
qalliatlasrirutin. My daughter, you are oldenough to fishing now. Variant: -tlasri.
-tlatu likes, enjoys. Putu niàitáaturuq. Putu
likes to eat.
-tluk- der.af. more (comparative). Reversal: more(comparative). Putu aäitluktuq Miiyuämiñ.
Putu is bigger than Miiyuk. Putu iñugiitáuktuq
Miiyuämiñ. Putu is uglier than Miiyuk.
Miiyuk quppiàaaàitáuktuq Putumiñ. Miiyuk
has a better (more good) coat than Putu. [Gram:v-v]-tmuk- der.af. translocative. Reversal: translocative.
Taaqsiñmuktuiññaqtuq. It is continually
getting darker. Putu aäiáaatmuktuq. Putu is on
his way home.
-tnik- der.af. intr.pointer:IO. Reversal:-tuaqintr.pointer:IO. Uyaàaum kattaqitñikkumi
iñuämik kanuàiññiaàaa. If the stone falls
onto a person it is going to crush him.
-tqigu der.af. next, immediately succeeding.
Reversal: next ; succeeding. Upinàaatqigu
nuutkisiruäa mauäa. The summer after the
next I will move here. [Gram: n-n]-tqik der.af. last, immediately preceding, previous.
Reversal: last ; preceding ; previous.
Upinàaatqik qaluäniaqtugut. The summer
before last, we were fishing. Syn: -lgit. [Gram:n-n]-tqik- der.af. 2) second time, again. Reversal: second
time ; again. Putu atigitqiksuq. Putu put on his
parka again. Syn: -lgit. [Gram: n-v]
-tqu- der.af. demand, allow, permit, let, command.
Reversal: demand ; command ; allow ; permit.
Miiyuum panini natchiqitqugaa. Miiyuk
wants her daughter to wash the floor. Kia
taraniitquvatin? Who told you to stay here?
Putum iàñi niàitqugaa. Putu wants his son toeat. See: -qu. [Gram: v-v]
-tqut- der.af. pass through, pass beside. Reversal:
pass (through, beside). Putu siáatquttuq. Putu
passed by the house. Putum saniàatqutkaa.
Putu passed by him. [Gram: v-v]
-tu- der.af. 1) lots, much, often. Reversal: much
(AdvMod) ; lots ; often. Putu miáuqtullaktuq
iyaàaänik. Putu kept on throwing stones. Putu
saäaikturuq. Putu is jealous by nature. Putu
iqsisuruq. Putu scares easily. [Gram: v-v]
2) lots, much, often. Reversal: much (AdvMod); lots ; often. Nuyaqtusriruäa. My hair has
gotten very long. [Gram: n-v]
-tualuk der.af. the only one. Reversal: only one.
Tautullaguä iàñiàa, iàñitualuga. Look at myson, my only son! Iáisimarugut
atautchisualuämik Agaayyutmik. We allknow there is only one God. [Gram: n-n]-tuaq der.af. 1) only one. Reversal: only one.
Taamnauvva Putum iàñituaäa. That is Putu's
only one son. [Gram: n-n]-tuaq- der.af. progressive. Reversal: progressive.
Putu Miiyuämik qiñiqtuaqtuq. Putu keeps
on watching Miiyuk. Sumik qitiktuaqpich?
What are you playing with?
Qapsiiqsuaqtuaàlugu
ulàutinniuraàaluaàiga. I have tried to knock
him over a number of times.
Uqautrityaqtuaqtitlugik maliàuaqtaiñik, ...
While the two were on the way to tell thedisciples, ... [Gram: v-v]
-tuaq- der.af. only; just. Reversal: only ; just. Putu
iglaäatuaqtuq. Putu only just smiles.

262

-tuiñaq--ukkaq-Iàñituaàigiga Putu. Putu is my only son.
[Gram: v-v]
-tuiñaq- der.af. gradually, continually. Reversal:
gradually, continually. Putu
aullaàuqtuiñaqtuq. Putu keeps wanting toleave. Amiq qituglituiñaqtuq. The skin iscontinually getting softer.
Taaqsiñmuktuiñaqtuq. It is gradually getting
darker. Puviqsuiñaqtuq. It (the balloon) is
being inflated. Naalaànisunàitchuiñaqpan
uqautigilugu utuqqanaanun If he continues
not wanting to listen speak to the elders. [Gram:v-v]-tuksraq- der.af. 1) must, should. Reversal: must ;should. Putu tikitchuksraàaluaqtuq;
suniqpa? Putu should have arrived, but I
wonder what happened? [Gram: v-v] 2) charge,
obligation. Reversal: charge. Iáaäitñik
aäutinik itqutrirusi sagluuqtuaqtuksranikilaagun. They brought in some men with the
charge to lie about him. Tuyuqaqtusri iñuänik
kaäiqsiuqtuksranik John-mun. You havesent people to John with the charge toinvestigate. Sivunniàñiqsut aäutinik
piksraàukhutiä Antioch-muktuksranik.
They decided and chose men with the charge totravel to Antioch. [Gram: v-n]
-tuksrau- der.af. must, should. Reversal: must ;should. Putu qiruksiruksrauruq. Putu needs
to bring in firewood. Taapkua iñuich
aullaqtuksraurut uvluvak. Those people haveto leave today. Miiyuk siñiktuksrauruq.
Miiyuk should sleep. Piksraqtuksrauäitchuäa
aquppiruksraänik taliqpimñi. I must notchoose the one to sit at my right [side]. Taimña
iñuk tammaqtuksrauruq. That [one] man had

to be lost. [Gram: v-v]

-tuq- der.af. to do, to work. Reversal: doing ;working. Putu niàiáiqtuqtuq. Putu is eating
impatiently. Putu pisrukataqtuqtuq. Putu
walks around roughly (stomps). Putu
kuvriqsuqtuq. Putu set a fish net (for his own
use). Putu suàautaisuqtuq. Putu came to pickup his belongings. Variant: -suq. [Gram: v-v]
-tuuraq work fast, work quickly.
Iààuuqtuuraàiaàiñ! Take a quick wash! Putu
natchiqiliqtuuraqtuq. Putu is scrubbing thefloor quickly.
-tuq- der.af. to use, eat. Reversal: use ; eat. Putu
kuvraqtuqtuq. Putu is fishing (net-using).
Putu qaluktuqtuq. Putu is eating fish. Putu
naniurapiaqtuqtuq. Putu is using an oil lamp(of earlier times). [Gram: n-v]
-tuumma der.af. including, completely. Reversal:
including ; completely. Atqaqtinniàaat
aulatlaiáaaq qaatchiaqtuummaan. Theylowered the lame man including his stretcher.
Nautchiapayaaq aapama
nautchirriutiäaisaäa amuruaniaqtuq
kaäituummaan. Every plant that my father did
not plant is going to be pulled up including its
root. Piqaàuni kamanaqtuamik saääimik
kamanautituummaàmi. Having great power
together with his glory. Siammayaaqâugich
kamanaàasuktuat
sivunniuàutituummaitñik. He keeps
scattering the proud including all their purposes.
[Gram: n-n]-tyaq- der.af. Syn: -sriuq- ; -siuq-. See: -liaq-.
Variant: -iaq-. [Gram: v-v]

U - u
-u-

der.af. is (equative). Reversal: is (equative).
Umiaäuruq, tiämisuutaunàitchuq. It is aboat, it is not an airplane. Suluutauäitchuq. It
is not a box. Syn: -gi. [Gram: n-v]
-u- der.af. abundance of, lots of. Reversal: lots of,abundance of. Putu maniuruq. Putu
maniukkaqtuq. Putu has lots of money. See:-ukkaq. [Gram: n-v]
-ugaaq- der.af. keeps on, is forever. Reversal: keeps
on, forever, is ~. Putu uqaàugaaqtitlugu
Miiyuk aggiàñiqsuq. While Putu was stilltalking, Miiyuk came.
-ugaq- der.af. See: -aq.
-ugu der.af. confirmative. Reversal: confirmative.

263

Uqaàuguutin imani uqaqsitaaqmata.
Remember, you said [that] at the trial at thattime. Niàisuguuq ikpaksraq. He did eat
yesterday! Iäiulasruguuq maniqaàukhuni
ikpaksraq. Remember, he did ask for money
yesterday. Variant: -sugu; -srugu.
-uiq- der.af. See: -iq.
-uk- der.af. See: -suk.
-ukkaq- der.af. have numerous, have many. Reversal:
have numerous, have many. Putu
qitunàaupkaqtuq. or: Putu
qitunàaukkaqtuq. Putu has many children.
Putu qipmiuraukkaqtuq. Putu has many
puppies. See: -u. [Gram: n-v]

-ula-ula- der.af. make sounds, indicate. Reversal: makesounds ; indicate. Tuunàaq qaliäuularuatun
lion-tun ittuq. The devil is like one who makes
sounds like a roaring lion. Miiyuk
imiàuularuq. Miiyuk indicated that she wants
water. Syn: -ala; -valuk. [Gram: v-v]
-ulaaq- der.af. cover with, besmear, dirty with.
Reversal: cover with ; besmear ; dirty with.
Putu maààaulaaqtuq. Putu got dirty withmud. Miiyuk muukaaäulaaqtuq
qaqqialiuqami. Miiyuk covered herself withflour when she made bread. Kataktut
uyaàaulaamun nunamun. They fell onto
rocky ground. [Gram: n-v]
-uma- der.af. to be willing; to be obligated; to beable. Reversal: willing, to be ~ ; obligated, to be~ ; able, to be ~. Putu niàiyumuuq aggiqpan.
Putu will certainly eat when he comes. Ilipkun
aullaàumuuäa. So that I can go with you.
Sikutaàumuutinli. So you can make an effort
to get ice. Iáauraaàiliutiyumagiñ qilamik.
Reconcile yourself with him quickly. Putu
amiiqsiyumaruq tuttumik. Putu is willing toskin the caribou. Variant: -yuma; -umaaq.
[Gram: v-v]
-yumaaliq decide, has an urge to do ... Putu
suluusriyumaalliqsuq. Putu decided to make abox.
-umaaq willing. Putu aluutaqtuàumaaqtuq.
Putu is willing to eat with a spoon.
Iyaalugruich misikkumaaqtut. The children
were willing to jump.
-uma- der.af. See: -sima.
-umaaq- der.af. See: -uma.
-umiñaq- der.af. would; might. Reversal: would ;might. Putu aullaàumiñaqtuq. Putu mightgo/leave. Uvluàaàipman kuuk
tautuänaàumiñaqtuq. Everyday one certainly
can see the river. [Gram: v-v]
-umiñaiq will do ... no longer, will never again ...
Putu aggiàumiñaiqsuq. Putu will never comeagain. Miiyuk avguiyumiñaisiqtuq. It issurprising that Miiyuk could not cut [the meat].
-umiñait certainly not, will never again. Putu
niàiyumiñaitchuq. Putu will not eat.
Sumiunniiñ taatnaàumiñaitchikpiñ. I will
never at any time do that to you.
-uq- der.af. become. Reversal: become. Qirukiqãiäaaàuqtuq. The (piece of) wood has
become bent. Makua uyaàaich
qaqqiaàuqtitkich. Let these stones become
bread [Gram: v-n]-uraaq- der.af. 1) gradually, by degrees; continually;slowly;. Reversal: gradually ; slowly. Siqiñiq-uti
nuiäuraaqtuq. The sun is slowly appearing.
Putu makitauraaqtuq. Putu is getting up
slowly. [Gram: v-v] 2) process, operate.
Reversal: process ; operate. Anuqâiuraaqtuq
uvluvak. It is somewhat windy today. Putu
isrumauraaqtuq. Putu is lost in thought. Putu
naluaàmiuraallapiaqtuq. Putu speaks English
extremely well. Putu iminäuuraatuq. Putu is
having a hang-over. [Gram: n-v]
-uraq- der.af. little, small. Reversal: little, small.
Putu amaàuviñillautauraqaqtuq. Putu has anice little piece of wolf skin. Putum tupqa
igalauraqaqtuq. Putu's house has a little
window. [Gram: n-n]-uraq- der.af. diminishes action (hence): softly,
gently, quietly. Reversal: softly, gently, quietly.
Putum aksigurallakaa Miiyuk. Putu touched
Miiyuk gently. Ikniq ikumapqauraqtuq. The
fire is smoldering. Putu iglauraqtuq. Putu
laughs gently. Putu uqauraqtuqtuq. Putu is
talking with ease. [Gram: v-v]
-uraq- der.af. See: -aq.
-usiaq der.af. Nominalizer: received, given. Reversal:
received, to have ~ ;. Aäuyyiuqtit
tupiginiàaich urriqsuusiaqtiä. The soldiers
followed the instructions they were given.
Anasiñäuusiaqaàisirut pitáuglugu atlaniñ
iñuäniñ. They will receive worse punishment
than other people. Qanutun
quyyasiusiaqaqtigivik! How much I havereason to be thankful! [Gram: v-n]
-usiq- der.af. See: -usriq.
-usriq der.af. [Gram: v-n] 1) nominalizer, tool for ...
Reversal: nominalizer, tool for ... Tiggusriq.
The potholder is white. (tool to assist holdings.t.) 2) nominalizer, way of ... Reversal:
nominalizer, way of ... Savvausriq. A way ofworking.
-usriq- der.af. begin habitual action. Reversal: begin
habitual action. Miiyuk alliuàusriàñiaqtuq.
Miiyuk is preparing to cook dogfood. See: -aq.
Variant: -usiq.
-utaq der.af. nominalizer: attach. Reversal:
nominalizer: attach. Kivviqutaq weight for net(attached for sinking) Putu
uqumaiáutaqaqtuq. Putu has excess weight.
See: -uti. [Gram: v-n]-uti der.af. transitive gerundizer; result of anactivity. Reversal: gerundizer, transitive ; resultof activity. Kisupayaaq tusaatlaruq
nipliuttutimnik. Everybody can hear myspeaking. Kayuqtuutit. Foxes brought home(shot and bagged). Pamiuqtuuäutit. Otters
brought back from hunting (shot and bagged).

264

-uti--valuk-utiga- der.af. while doing something. Reversal: while

See: -utaq. [Gram: v-n]

-uti- der.af. reciprocal, each other. Reversal:

-uti-

-uti-

-uti-

-uti-

reciprocal, each other. Ukpiqsriruat
piqpakkutirut. The believers all love eachother. Siáalliutka ikayuutisruurut. My
neighbors always help each others. Iáannaàalu
tammautiruguk. My friend and I lost eachother. [Gram: v-v]
der.af. benefactive. Reversal: benefactive.
Putum avuuàutigaa. Putu mixed it up for her.
Putum atuutiniaàaatin. Putu is going to singfor you. Putum Qatuk alliuàutigaa. Putu
made dog food for Qatuk. [Gram: v-v]
der.af. comitative: accompany. Reversal:
comitative: accompany. Putum
napmuutiaqsivaäa? Where is Putu taking me?
Putu aullautriaqsiruq qattamik. Putu startedout bringing a bucket with him. Pututkut
anuqâiàuutigai. Putu and his family got caught
in wind storm. Taapkua kilvaàniqsut
umiakun nuqirrutigalugu kuvraq. They
were returning to shore with the boat whilepulling the net with them. [Gram: v-v]
der.af. transitivizer. Reversal: transitivizer.
Putum Miiyuk agliutigaa. Putu took a pictureof Miiyuk (pictured ...) Putum supputaa
mauäautigiga. I brought Putu's rifle here.
[Gram: v-v]
der.af. instrument: means to do something with.
Reversal: instrument: means with which to dos.t. Taamnauvva igliàutigigiga. That one is
my snowmobile. Aämaun uvva. It is a key.
Putu aämautiqaqtuq. Putu has a key. Miiyuk
mitqutiqaqtuq. Miiyuk has a needle.
Uqaâhich-uvva uqauttutigikkaàa. These are
the words that I have said. [Gram: v-n]doing something. Taapkua kilvaàniqsuq
umiakun nuqirrutigalugu kuvraq. They
were returning to shore with the boat whilepulling the net with them. Peter-m
uqaqatiginiàaa Cornelius itqutigalugu
tupiàmun. Peter talked with Cornelius as heentered the house at the same time. [Gram: v-v]
-utigi- der.af. indicates Dative Shift and Direct
Object. Reversal: indicates Dative Shift andDirect Object. Putum Miiyuk iglautigigaa.
Putu laughed at Miiyuk (disparagingly)
Nipitusiraàautiginiaqnagich. Don't keep
making noise about it. [Gram: v-v]
-utnaq- der.af. nominalizer: utensil. Reversal:
nominalizer: utensil. Niksiksuutnaq. Hooking
gear. Taamna-uvva aullaqsruutnaq. This
(thing) here is a berry-picking tool. [Gram: v-n]
-utraq- der.af. nominalizer: actor, habitual action.
Reversal: nominalizer: actor, habitual action.
Kiñapayaaq killuqsaqtaqtuaq
savaktaaàruliutraqtuq killuàmun. Everyone
who commits sin is a slave to sin. Tuyuàiniàaa
Jesus qiáiqsruutraq Caiaphas-mun. He sent
Jesus as a bound man to Caiaphas. [Gram: v-n]
-uttaaq- der.af. multiplier: so many times. Reversal:
multiplier: so many times. Malàuuttaaqhutiä
niàirut. They ate in in pairs of two each.
Tallimakipiaäuttaaqâugich aquvititkaich. Ingroups of hundreds they let them sit down.
Atausiuttaaqhutiä apiqsrullaagaqsigaat.
One by one they started to ask him.
Aullaqtitkaqsipáugich malàuuttaaqâugich.
He started to send them out in groups of two
each. [Gram: a-v]

V - v
-vaaluk- der.af. just now, this minute; first time.

n]

Reversal: just now, first time. Putu
ilitchuàivaaluktuq. Putu just now found out
about it. Putu, imiqpaalukpich? Putu, did you
drink for the first time? [Gram: v-v]
-vaaââak- der.af. too much, excessive. Reversal: toomuch, excessive. Putu niàivaaââaguuruq. Putu
usually eats too much. Putu
uqaqsiàiivaaââaktuq! Putu was disobedient for
too long! [Gram: v-v]
-vak der.af. present period of time. Reversal: present
period of time. Putu tikiññiqsuq uvluvak.
Putu arrived here today. Putu ukiiruq
ukiuvak. Putu is staying this winter. [Gram: n-

265-vak- der.af. long time, too much. Reversal: long time,
too much. Putu niàivaktuq. Putu ate too much.
[Gram: v-v]
-valiq der.af. See: -paliq-. [Gram: v-v]
-valuk- der.af. assumed, probably. Reversal:
assumed ; probably, thought to know. Putu
itqumavaluktuq. Putu is probably awake.
Iáapsi kanäugivalukkaatäa. Some of you areprobably ashamed of me.
Sivuniksriqirauvaluktuq iáaäatitun
iäiáàaan. He is probably a prophet like one ofthose of long ago. Isaàulgum
uqautivalukkaa. An angel must have told him.

-valuk--yyiaq-See: -paliq-. [Gram: v-v]

-valuk- der.af. sound of. Reversal: sound of. Putu

tusraaruq qusriqpaluktaqtuamik. Putu
heard the sound of constant dripping. Syn: -ula.
[Gram: v-v]
-viaq- der.af. POSS. Reversal: possibility. Putu
uvliviaqtuq. Putu might spend the day. Iñuich
aäalanniqâuktaiviaqtut. The people mightcause a riot. Variant: -piaq.
-vigi der.af. place of, place for, time for. Reversal:
place of, time of. Putum qalugvigisruugaa
kuugaatchiaq. Putu usually gets his fish fromthe slough. Aggiqsugut
sitquàvigityaqtuaqâugu. We have come sothat we could kneel before him. [Gram: n-v]
-vik der.af. place of ..., time of ... Reversal: place of,time of. Putu qaluäniaàviqaqtuq
imaàruämi. Putu has a fishing place on thelake. Iñuich qaluktut qalugviatni. People
catch fish at their spot. [Gram: v-n]
-vik- der.af. disapprove, dislike, show contempt.
Reversal: disapprove, dislike, show contempt.
Putu iglaviksuq. Putu is laughing disdainfully.
[Gram: v-v]
-viñaq der.af. lots quickly, forcefully. Reversal: lots
quickly. Putu nipliviñaqtuq. Putu shouted alot. Putu niàiviñaqtuq. Putu ate a lot in a shortwhile. [Gram: v-v]
-viñiq- der.af. part of something, piece of something.
Reversal: part of something. Putum
qakiviñauraàaaäa. Putu dealt me one big
blow. Putu tiniikaviñiàmik igarriqsuq. Putu
cooked a piece of moose meat. Putu
amiviñillautauraqaqtuq. Putu has a nice little
piece of skin. [Gram: n-v]

Y - y-ya- der.af. readily, easily. Reversal: readily ; easily.
Igliàutit aullayarut. The motor started easily.
Isigaiyaqpakkaaäa. My feet got very cold!
[Gram: v-v]
-yaaq- der.af. young one, offspring. Reversal: young
one ; offspring. Putu Qikiqtaàruämiuyaaq
uvva. Putu is a young person from Kotzebue.
[Gram: n-v]
-yait- der.af. disinclination, lack of tendency.
Reversal: disinclination. Putu
uumitchayaitchuq. Putu is slow to anger(idiomatic). [Gram: v-v]
-yasri- der.af. about to do ..., nearly ready. Reversal:
about to do ... Putu niàiyasriruq. Putu isgetting ready to eat. Nuiyasriuraqmiuq
siqiñiq. It was very soon after sunrise. Syn:-aqsi; -âhiñaaq. [Gram: v-v]
-yasrimmi about to do ... Putu
savvaiyasrimmiruq. Putu is waiting to go towork soon.
-yasriuraq almost, on the verge of ... Putu
siñiänaiáiyasriuraqtuq. Putu is drifting off tosleep. Putu tuquyasriuraqtuq. Putu is very
nearly dead.
-yatu- der.af. does s.t. easily. Reversal: does s.t.
easily. Putu qiviyatuurauruq. Putu becomes
easily angry. [Gram: v-v]
-yuit- der.af. badly. Reversal: badly. Putu
atuyuitchuq. Putu sings badly. [Gram: v-v]
-yuk- der.af. habitually. Reversal: habitually.
Unauvva taimñaunàitpa aäun aquppipáuni

iäiulayuk? Is not this the man who always sits
and begs? Putu nipliyuktuq. Putu easily
speaks up. [Gram: v-v]
-yuma- der.af. See: -uma.
-yumman- der.af. urge for s.t. Reversal: urge for s.t.
Putu niàiyummatiqaqtuq maani. Putu has anurge to eat here. Piyummatiqaqtuäa,
mamittin! I have the willingness, arise! ...
nalliqsiä qaitchiyummatiqaqmagaan
ilaanik. ... which of them would have the urge
to give him away. [Gram: v-n]
-yunaq- der.af. pleasant - ADJ. Reversal: pleasant.
Uvluvak umiaqtuyunaqtuq. Today is a niceday for boating around. Savaaqatlasrirusri
akuqtuiyunaqtuamik Agaayyutmun. You
have become able to serve God acceptably.
[Gram: v-v]
-yuänaq- der.af. about so many, about so much.
Reversal: about so many. Niàiruat
5000-tuyuänaq inniqsut aäutit.. Those who
ate were about 5000 men. Aullalgiññiqsuq
uvluq qitiquàuänaqman. He went out again
when the day was about at its middle.
Sisamanun tuqtuqtaq iáiyuänaqsikman. It
was about toward four o'clock. [Gram: n-n]-yusraq- der.af. learn how to do s.t. Reversal: learn
how to do s.t. Putu sanayusraqtuq. Putu islearning to carve. Miiyuk miñuliyusraqtuq.
Miiyuk has learned how to paint. [Gram: v-v]
-yyiaq- der.af. See: -liaq.

266

able

characteristic of

A - a
able
der.af. -tla-.
able, to be ~ der.af. -lgu-;

againder.af. -lgit-;der.af. -tqik- (2).
agedder.af. -aqâuk-;der.af. -qâuk-1.
allow
der.af. -qu;der.af. -tqu-.
allowable der.af. -âhiñau-.
almostder.af. -âa-;der.af. -qqayaq.
alsoder.af. -mi-.
althoughder.af. -aluaq-.
artificial— -ääuaq1;
der.af. -ääuaq-2 (2).
as soon as der.af. -làataq-.
assumeder.af. -suknaq (1).
assume, to ~der.af. -asrugi-;
der.af. -asruk-.
assume, to think that... der.af. -asugi- (C).
assumedder.af. -valuk-.
attempt, to ~ der.af. -niala-;der.af. -niáuk-.
augment, to ~ der.af. -luk-.
awhileder.af. -llak- (2).

der.af. -uma-.

abnormal, to be ~ der.af. -qâuk-2.
about so many der.af. -yuänaq-.
about toder.af. -âhiñaaq-.
about to do ... der.af. -yasri-.
about to, ready to der.af. -âhiñaaàuq-.
abruptder.af. -tiq-.
abruptlyder.af. -liq-1.
abundance of der.af. -u-.
abundance, there is ~ der.af. -giak-.
accompany der.af. -qasriq-.
accompany:intrans. der.af. -qasiq- (C).
according to der.af. -kuaànaq-.
acquireder.af. -nik- (1);der.af. -nik- (2).

acquire, to ~der.af. -nnak-.
actor: one who does s.t. habitually der.af. -ti.
Adverbial Modifier: big der.af. -qpak (1).
Adv.Mod: degree der.af. -tigi-.
Adv.Mod: much, many der.af. -qpak (2).
afterder.af. -qqaaq.
after a while der.af. -litchiaq-.

B - b
bad

begin habitual action der.af. -usriq-.
benefactive der.af. -uti-.
besmearder.af. -ulaaq-.
big— -pak1;

der.af. -aqâuk-;der.af. -qâuk-1.

bad: to be or have something ~ der.af. -giit-.
badly
der.af. -yuit-.
barelyder.af. -pqaq-.
becomeder.af. -àuq-;der.af. -àraitchiaq.

big/grand der.af. -aluk- (1).
breakder.af. -iyaq-.
bring along der.af. -ligaaq- (2);der.af. -liq-2;
der.af. -ääuq-1;
der.af. -uq-.
bedazzle, to ~ der.af. -qqiak.
beforeder.af. -aluaq- (2);der.af. -qqaaq.

der.af. -sriraaq.

but (when implied) der.af. -aluaq-.
buyder.af. -si (1).

C - c
can
der.af. -tla-.
careless
der.af. -niqâak-.
carry along der.af. -ligaaq- (2).
causative: let, allow, permit der.af. -pkaq- (1).
cause of action der.af. -tit-.

change indicator: active (or process) to stativeder.af. -mmi-.

change:Stat>Prog, sudden by causation-tchak-.
characteristic of der.af. -taq3.

267

der.af.

characterized byfetch, to ~characterized by der.af. -lik2.
chargeder.af. -tuksraq- (2).
chg.tr>itder.af. -nik-.
COM.it: doing things together der.af. -qatiqaq-.
comitative: accompany der.af. -uti-.
comitative: doing things together der.af. -qati-.
command der.af. -qu;der.af. -tqu-.

common, two things/people who have s.t. in ~der.af. -iik-.

comparing to others unfavorably(2).
compl.act der.af. -anik-.
complementizer: that der.af. -ni-.

completely der.af. -piaq-2;

der.af. -tuumma.

COM.tr: doing things together der.af. -qatigi-.
confirmative der.af. -ugu.
container for, storage for der.af. -qaàvik1.
contemporative: while
der.af. -ääaq-.
continually der.af. -tuiñaq-.
continually, to occur ~ for a long time der.af.
-ataq- (1).

der.af. -ääuq-2

continuous effort der.af. -saaq.
contrast with others der.af. -ääuq-2 (2).
cover with der.af. -ulaaq-.
cute/small, to be ~ der.af. -tchiaq-.

D - ddeceased, to be ~ der.af. -iq- (1).
decreaseder.af. -laaq-.
deficientder.af. -äaaq-.
demandder.af. -qu;der.af. -tqu-.

desireder.af. -suk.
difficultder.af. -iáaq- (1).
direct action der.af. -tiq-.
directional: coming from der.af. -käaq-.
dirty with der.af. -ulaaq-.
disapprove der.af. -vik-.

disinclination der.af. -yait-.
dislikeder.af. -luaq-;
der.af. -vik-.

DO indicator der.af. -tilaaq1.
do s.t. best, first, most der.af. -qautraq-.
do, to ~der.af. -iaq-.
does s.t. easily der.af. -yatu-.
doing
der.af. -tuq-1.
domineer, to ~ der.af. -niàluk-.
during, while (Gerund) der.af. -ääaq-.

E - eeach (one at a time) der.af. -llaa- (1).
each other, to have ~ der.af. -giik-.
earlierder.af. -aluaq- (2).
earlyder.af. -naàiaq-.
easilyder.af. -ya-.
eatder.af. -tuq-2.
effort, to make an ~ der.af. -saq.
enabler (impersonal passive) der.af. -naq-.
encourage der.af. -qusaaq.
endeavorder.af. -niuraq-.
enjoy (after difficulty)
der.af. -pqaäa-.
every, allder.af. -payaaq1.
evidence
der.af. -niq-2.

excel
der.af. -âaniaq-.
excellent, to be ~ der.af. -lgu-.
excessive der.af. -âallak-;
der.af. -vaaââak-.

excessive: too much, too big der.af. -naaq-.
excessively der.af. -âhaiñaq-.
EXIST: existential der.af. -qaq- (1).
Existential:transitive - to have, to be der.af. -gi-.
expand, to ~ der.af. -luk-.
experience, to ~ scarcity of ... der.af. -kiááiuq-.
extension der.af. -âiq2.

F - f
false
familyfar— -ääuaq1;
der.af. -ääuaq-2 (2).
der.af. -tkut.
der.af. -aàruk- (2).

favoriteder.af. -nnaq-.
feature, showing distinctive ~ offetch, to ~

268

(1).
der.af. -saq.

der.af. -kuaq-

fewinquisitivefew
der.af. -quyuk.
few, there are ~ der.af. -iááiuq-.
final— -payaaq-2.
finallyder.af. -làataq-;
first
first time

fish, to ~der.af. -niaq-3.
forever, is ~ der.af. -ugaaq-.
formerder.af. -aluaq- (1);der.af. -taq3.

former...., to be a ~ der.af. -iq- (1).
furtherder.af. -aàruk- (2).
futureder.af. -gisi-.
future time der.af. -gu-.

der.af. -làiñaq-;der.af. -paaluk-.
der.af. -qqaaq;
der.af. -qqaaq.
der.af. -vaaluk-.

G - ggather, to ~ der.af. -niaq-3.
gentlyder.af. -uraq-.
Gerundder.af. -âiq1.
Gerund: conditional (if) der.af. -magaaq-.
Gerund: deverbalizer der.af. -taq1.
Gerund: indirect question (whether) der.af.

go to obtain ... der.af. -liaq-2.
goes to, toward der.af. -muk-.
goodder.af. -llautaq- (1);der.af. -llautaq- (2);der.af. -suq.
good, to be ~ der.af. -gik-.
gradualder.af. -äuluk-.
gradually der.af. -tuiñaq-;der.af. -uraaq- (1).
groupder.af. -tkut.
group, many of [an item] der.af. -àayaat.

-magaaq-.

gerundizer, transitive der.af. -uti.
getder.af. -si (1).
gladder.af. -luq-.
go in direction of der.af. -nuk-.
go to do ... der.af. -liaq-2.

H - hhabit, out of ~ der.af. -suu.
habitual action der.af. -aq-.
habitually der.af. -suu;

hearsay
householdhugeder.af. -niq-2.
der.af. -tkut.
der.af. -niàluk;der.af. -pauraq-;
der.af. -sugruk (2).
hunt, to ~ der.af. -niaq-3.
hurt (acutely) der.af. -näu- (1).

der.af. -yuk-.

happy
der.af. -luq-.
hardder.af. -iáaq- (1).
haveder.af. -qaq-.
have many der.af. -ukkaq-.
have numerous der.af. -ukkaq-.

I - i
immediately before der.af. -âhiñaq-2.
immenseder.af. -niàluk;increase, to ~ der.af. -luk-.
indicateder.af. -ula-.
indicates Dative Shift and Direct Object der.af.

der.af. -sugruk (2).

impossible der.af. -nait-.
improper, to be ~ der.af. -qâuk-2.
inadequate der.af. -äaaq-.
inceptive
der.af. -niaq-2.
inchoative: beginning of action, state or event-utigi-.

indicates state der.af. -sima.
indicates state (action completed - Passive)
der.af. -ma-.

indicates: stative to progressive der.af. -si.
indicator of direct object der.af. -qaq- (2).
inhabitant of der.af. -miu-;

der.af. -aqsi-.

including der.af. -tuumma.
incomplete der.af. -ayaaq- (2).
increaseder.af. -laaq-.

inquisitive269

der.af. -miutaq-.
der.af. -magaaq-.

install on ...
install on ... der.af. -liq-.
instrument: means with which to do s.t.
-uti-.

instrumental: with der.af. -mik-.
intendder.af. -saàuma.

new, to be ~der.af.

intensifier der.af. -ala-.
intensifier: very, hard der.af. -pak-2.
intr.pointer:IO der.af. -tnik-.
is (equative) der.af. -u-.

J - j
just
just (now)der.af. -paaluk-;der.af. -tuaq-2.
der.af. -âhiñaq-2.

just nowder.af. -vaaluk-.

K - kkeeps onder.af. -ugaaq-.

L - llack of [thing] der.af. -iáaaq-.
lackingder.af. -it-.
large, to be rather ~ der.af. -àraitchiaq.
lastder.af. -tqik1.
learn how to do s.t. der.af. -yusraq-.
littleder.af. -uraq-.
long time der.af. -âallak-;

longerlots

der.af. -psaaq-.
der.af. -âallak-;
der.af. -tu- (1);der.af. -tu- (2).
lots ofder.af. -u-.
lots quickly der.af. -viñaq.

der.af. -vak-.

M - m
make
der.af. -li-.
make sounds der.af. -ula-.
make, to ~ der.af. -rriuq.
manner, in this ~ der.af. -kuaànaq-.
many, to be ~ der.af. -giak-.
material for der.af. -ksraq- (2).
mayder.af. -âhiñau-.
means, by ~ of der.af. -kuaànaq-.
merelyder.af. -âhiñaq-1.
might
der.af. -paluk-;der.af. -piaq-1;
der.af. -umiñaq-.
mixed
der.af. -ayaaq- (2).
moments ago der.af. -qqamiq.

moreder.af. -psaaq-.
more (comparative) der.af. -tluk-.
muchder.af. -payaaq1.
much (adverbial) — -payaaq-2.
much (AdvMod) der.af. -tu- (1);der.af. -tu- (2).

much, so ~ that der.af. -pagit-.
much time, to spend ~ der.af. -sugruk (1).
multiplier: so many times
der.af. -uttaaq-.
multiply, to ~ der.af. -luk-.
must
der.af. -taksraq;
der.af. -tuksraq- (1);der.af. -tuksrau-.

N - nnature ofder.af. -suäniq.
nature of things der.af. -niq1.
needs
der.af. -qaàuk-.

neverder.af. -it-.
new, brand ~ der.af. -tchauraq.
new, to be ~ der.af. -tchiaq.

270

next

purpose, to ~next
der.af. -tqigu.
no longer der.af. -iq- (2).
no more, to do s.t. ~ der.af. -nàiq-.
nominalizer: actor, habitual action der.af. -utraq-.
nominalizer: attach der.af. -utaq.
nominalizer, tool for ... der.af. -usriq (1).

nominalizer: utensil der.af. -utnaq-.
nominalizer, way of ... der.af. -usriq (2).
notder.af. -it-;der.af. -it-;der.af. -nàit-.

O - oObject Indicator — -âiq-3.
object indicator der.af. -qaq- (2).
obligated, to be ~ der.af. -uma-.
obtain, to ~ der.af. -ksriaq-.
offspringder.af. -yaaq-.
oftender.af. -ataq- (2);one having ... (ADJ:ptc) der.af. -lik-1.
one obtained or caught der.af. -taaq.
one who ... der.af. -ruk.
one who is little — -ruuraq, see: -ruk.
one who is related — -ruaq, see: -ruk.
only
der.af. -âhiñaq-1;

der.af. -qataq-;
der.af. -tu- (1);der.af. -tu- (2).
oldder.af. -aqâuk-;der.af. -àruaq-;
der.af. -qâuk-1.
old, to be ~ der.af. -aàruk- (1).
old/agedder.af. -aluk- (1).
once in a while der.af. -llaa- (2).

der.af. -tuaq-2.
der.af. -tualuk;der.af. -tuaq (1).
operateder.af. -uraaq- (2).
opportunity for — -qaàvik-2.
optative: may der.af. -li-.
originate from der.af. -taq3.
originate, to ~ from der.af. -miqnisau-.

only oneP - ppair, to be a ~ der.af. -giik-.
part of something der.af. -viñiq-.
partnering der.af. -qan.
pass (through, beside) der.af. -tqut-.
passiveder.af. -kkau-.
passive, intransite ~ der.af. -ksrau-.
pattern, in the ~ of der.af. -kuaq- (1).
permission der.af. -tit-.
permitder.af. -qu;powerful, to be ~ der.af. -lgu-.
preceding der.af. -tqik1.
preferredder.af. -nnaq-.
prepareder.af. -liuq-.
present period of time der.af. -vak.
pretendder.af. -ääuaq-2 (1).
prevent from der.af. -taiái.
previousder.af. -tqik1.
probablyder.af. -paliq-;

der.af. -tqu-.

person from der.af. -miutaq-.
place ofder.af. -vigi;
der.af. -vik.

pleading
der.af. -llaäniaq-.
pleasantder.af. -yunaq-.
pleasant, to be ~ to der.af. -sruànaq.
pleased, to be ~ about excellence der.af. -âuaq-.
polite, to be ~ der.af. -llak- (1).
poorder.af. -niaq1.
possibility der.af. -viaq-.
possibility, adverb of ~ der.af. -suànaq.
possibility: could, can, possible, -able der.af.
-naq-.

possiblyder.af. -paluk-.
potential: s.t. for future use der.af. -ksraq- (1).

271

der.af. -paluk-;der.af. -suknaq (1);der.af. -suknaq (2);der.af. -valuk-.
proceedder.af. -liq-2.
proceed, to ~ der.af. -rriq (1).
processder.af. -si (2);der.af. -uraaq- (2).

product: produced by human or mechanical effort
der.af. -liaq-1.

progressive der.af. -tuaq-.
progressive: become der.af. -gli-.
provide, to ~ with ~ der.af. -rriq (2).
provided with der.af. -ligaaq- (1);der.af. -lik2.
der.af. -iaq-;

purpose, to ~quality marker: '-ness'

supply, to ~ with

der.af. -liaq-2;
der.af. -suk.

Q - qquality marker: '-ness' der.af. -taaq.
quicklyder.af. -asruaq-.
quickly, act ~ der.af. -llaktiq-.

quietlyder.af. -uraq-.

R - rratherder.af. -aluaq-;
der.af. -âa-.
rather little der.af. -âauraq-.
reachesder.af. -lit-.
readilyder.af. -ya-.
ready toder.af. -âhiñaaq-;
der.af. -naqsi-.
reallyder.af. -piaq-2.
really (intensifier) der.af. -llapiaq-.
received, to have ~ der.af. -usiaq.
recentlyder.af. -qqamiq.
reciprocal, each other der.af. -uti-.
reflexive (benefit for oneself) der.af. -sruq.
reflexive: to have for oneself der.af. -gi-.
relative clause, transitive der.af. -kkaq-.
relaxedder.af. -niuraaq-.

remainder.af. -ääuq-2 (1).
removeder.af. -iyaq-.
removed, to be ~ der.af. -iq- (1).
repairder.af. -liuq-.
repair, to ~ der.af. -rriuq.
repeated action der.af. -taq2.
repeatedly der.af. -ataq- (2);der.af. -iqsuaq-.

reported speech der.af. -ni-.
result, bad ~ der.af. -taq4.
result of action der.af. -niq1.
result of activity der.af. -uti.
roughder.af. -niqâak-.
rude
der.af. -niqâak-.
run, to ~ out of der.af. -iq- (1).

S - ssave from der.af. -taiái.
scarce, to be ~ der.af. -kit-.
scarce, to become ~ der.af. -kikâi-.
search for der.af. -sriuq.
second time der.af. -tqik- (2).
short in supply, to be ~ der.af. -kit-.
short of, to be ~der.af. -iááiuq-.
shouldder.af. -ayaq-;der.af. -taksraq;
der.af. -tuksraq- (1);der.af. -tuksrau-.
show contempt der.af. -vik-.
simultaneous action: while der.af. -tit-.
skillfulder.af. -ruaq-.
slowlyder.af. -niuraaq-;
der.af. -uraaq- (1).
smallder.af. -uraq-.
small/cute, to be ~ der.af. -tchiaq.
smell ofder.af. -suäniq.
smell, to ~ like der.af. -suänit.
softlyder.af. -uraq-.

soon, as ~ as der.af. -luqqaaq-.
sound ofder.af. -valuk-.
sound, to ~ like der.af. -srula.
staleder.af. -àruaq-.
stays during, spend time (with time expression)der.af. -i-.

still (ongoing process)der.af. -srugaaq.
stoppedder.af. -iq- (2).
struck, to be ~ by der.af. -qqiak.
subsistence, implement for ~ der.af. -niun-;der.af. -siun.
— -ääuaq1;
der.af. -ääuaq-2 (2).
succeeding der.af. -tqigu.
suddender.af. -tiq-.
suddenlyder.af. -liq-1.
suitable, to be ~ der.af. -llak- (1).
superlative der.af. -lliq;
der.af. -niqsraq-.
supplied with ... (ADJ:ptc) der.af. -lik-1.
supply, to ~ with der.af. -rriq (2).

substitute272

supply, to get a ~young one

supply, to get a ~ der.af. -ksriaq-.
supply with ... der.af. -liq-.
supply with s.t. der.af. -srit.

supposed to der.af. -saàuma.
surprised, to be ~ der.af. -galukkut-.

T - ttalk about , to ~ der.af. -liqi-.
taste, to ~ like der.af. -suänit.
tempt
der.af. -qusaaq.
thankfulder.af. -luq-.
think, to ~ that ... der.af. -asrugi-;

der.af. -vik.
der.af. -näu- (2).
der.af. -mi-.
der.af. -vaaââak-;der.af. -vak-.
transitivizer der.af. -uti-.
translocative der.af. -tmuk-.
try
der.af. -niuraq-.
try, to ~der.af. -niaq-3;
der.af. -saq.

tired oftoo
too muchder.af. -asruk-.

thoughder.af. -aluaq-.
thought to know der.af. -valuk-.
throughder.af. -kuaq- (2).
time forder.af. -naqsi-.
time ofder.af. -vigi;

U - u
unexpectedly der.af. -ruaq-.
unfortunate der.af. -niaq1.
unpleasant, to be ~ der.af. -qâuk-2.
unusable [item] der.af. -taq4.
urge for s.t. der.af. -yumman-.

use
used
uselessder.af. -tuq-2.
der.af. -aqâuk-;der.af. -qâuk-1.
der.af. -àruaq-.

V - v
Val.Chgr: indic. DO der.af. -sri.
valence changer: n>vi der.af. -siq (1).
valence changer: vi > vt der.af. -siq (2).

verbalizer

der.af. -tilaaq-2.

W - w
want
der.af. -suk.
way, by ~ of der.af. -kuaq- (2).
wellder.af. -llautaq- (1);der.af. -suäaq.

without, proceed ~ der.af. -iáaaq-.
without, to be ~der.af. -iáaq- (2).
workingder.af. -tuq-1.
working on , to be ~ der.af. -liqi-.
would
der.af. -ayaq-;der.af. -llautaq- (2);der.af. -âaniaq-.
while doing something der.af. -utiga-.
willing, to be ~ der.af. -uma-.
win, to ~der.af. -nnak-.
without
der.af. -it-;der.af. -umiñaq-.

would (hyptothetical) der.af. -ayait-.

Y - yyoung oneder.af. -ayaaq- (1);der.af. -yaaq-.

273

274

ENGLISH-IÑUPIATUN

275

276

abandon, to ~across there, from ~A - aabandon, to ~vi. aullau- (1);vi. kisimàiuq-;
vt. igitaq-.
abase, to ~ oneself vt. atvaqtaq-.
abdomenn. iáu2 (2);n. narraak.

vi. iâuaànaq-;
vi. iâuaqnaq-;
vi. quyaqnaq-.
accepted bid
n. nalliun.
accident
n. piyaquq.

abdominal cramp, to have an ~ vi. narranäu-.
abhor, to ~ vt. naààugi-.
abilityn. pitáatuâiq.
ability, to work at one's best ~ vi. piágutilaaq-.
abode of souls in waiting (mythology) n.
uivaqsaat (2).

abominate, to ~ vt. naààugi-.
abomination n. naààunallapiaàataq;
n. naààunaun.

above— qulaagun, see: quli1.
above, located ~ — qulaani, see: quli1;
pos.adv. qulvani.

above, toward ~ — qulaanun, see: quli1.
above: visible dem.adv. pagga.
abrade, to ~ oneself without bleeding vt.
kiááiuàruk-.

absencen. avaàniq (C) (1).
absence (long time) from home n. mulu.
absent, to be ~ vi. mulu-;
vi. piit-.

absent-minded, to be ~vi. alapiäaaq-;
vi. alapyaäaaq- (2);vi. kinnaäaaq-;
vi. siáiapyaäaaq-.
absent-minded, to become ~ vi. kinnaäaaqsi-.
absolve, to ~ vt. patchisaiyaq-.
abstain, to ~ vi. piisimaaq-.
abstain, to ~ from food vi. uisauraaq-.
abundant
adv. atqunaq.
abundant, to be ~ vi. atqunaq-.
abundant, to have ~ food vi. niàisuksiunàiq-.
abuse, to ~ vt. pimaqâuk-.
abuse, to ~ one's spouse vt. pattuq-.
abuse, to ~ verbally vt. piyuk- (1).
abusive, to be ~ (when drinking) vi. imiyuit-.
abyss
n. itisiñaitchuaq.
accelerate, to ~ vi. sukasi-.
accentn. uqausiq;
n. uqqiq.
accept, to ~ vt. akuqtuq- (1).
accept, to ~ reproach without a word vi.
manimmi-.
acceptable, to be ~ vi. akuqtuyunaq-;

277

accident, to be involved in an ~ vi. piyaquq-1.
accidents, place of ~ n. piyaquàvik (1).
accompanied, to be ~ vi. piqasriq-2.
accompany, to ~ vt. aat-;

vt. annisi-;
vt. maliqsruq-;
vt. piqasriq-1;
vt. tuvaaqatchiq-.
accompany, to ~ another vt. iáaqasriq- (1);vt. iáaqatchiq-.
accompany, to ~ someone partway vi. qani-;vi. qaniáaaq- (2).
accomplish, to feel unable to ~ vi. sakiq-.
accord, to be in ~ (with others) vi. qiñuirruti-.
account, on ~ of vi. piqutigi-.
accountant n. maniliqiri.
accuse, to ~ vt. pasi- (1);vt. pasiuq- (2);vt. pasri- (1);vt. pasritñik-;vt. patchisigi- (1).
accustomed, to become ~ vt. atuqqigaigutigi-.
accustomed, to become ~ to good results vi.
uiviiái- (1).
ace, at cards n. tutchaq.
ache, to ~ vi. anniáuk-;vi. atniáuk-.
achieve, to ~ vi. akpak- (C) (1).
Achilles tendon n. kikmitquutaq.
acknowledge, to ~ vt. akuqtuq- (2).
acquainted, to become ~ vt. iáitchuài-;
vt. iáitchuqsri-.
acquire, to ~vt. piññak-.
acquittal
n. patchisaiyaâiq;n. suliqutigiäaiqsauniq.
acrid, to be ~ vi. kimnaq-.
acrid, to become ~ vi. kimnaqsi-.
acrid, to become ~ to the taste vi. qakkiññaqsi-.
across there, from ~ dem.adv. aakäa;
dem.adv. aaääa (C);dem.adv. akmakäa;
dem.adv. aämaääa (C);dem.adv. ichakäa;
dem.adv. ikaääa (C).

across there, located ~afflicted, to be ~across there, located ~ dem.adv. aani;dem.adv. akmani;
dem.adv. aämani;
dem.adv. ichani;
dem.adv. ikani.

across there: moving/extended dem.adv. agga.
across there: not visible dem.adv. akma;
dem.adv. aäma.

across there: stationary/specific dem.adv. ikka;

dem.adv. itcha2.
dem.adv. akmuuna;
dem.adv. aämuuna;
dem.adv. auna;dem.adv. ichuuna;
dem.adv. ikuuna.
across there, toward ~ dem.adv. akmuäa;
dem.adv. aämuäa;
dem.adv. auäa;
dem.adv. ichuäa;
dem.adv. ikuäa.
act angrily, to ~ vi. qiniq- (2).
act boldly, to ~ before an opponent vi. uluàiit- (1).
act, to ~vi. qanusiàaq-.
act tough, to ~ vi. saääiñiaq-.
act twice, to ~ vt. iáaqasriq- (3).
action (having made a decision) n.
qanusiàaãiksraq.
action, to get into ~ hurriedly vi. upaluq- (2).
actions for a motion dance n. sayuun.
active, to be ~ vi. aulaaluk-;vi. suraàaala-.
activityn. ittuaàuraanàiãiq;n. suraàaâiq.
Adam's apple n. niàáiktaq.
add another one, to ~ vt. iáaqasriq- (2).
add, to ~vt. iáa-1 (1);vt. iáaksraq- (2);vt. iááatigi-.
add, to ~ incrementally vi. iáauraaq-;
vt. iáauraaài-.

across there, through ~add, to ~ oil (to a lamp, to food, to a motor, etc.)
vt. uqsriq- (2).

add, to ~ sugar vt. avu-.
add, to ~ to somethingvi. tapiq-;
addition

vt. igáu- (1);vt. sipaaq-.
n. iáaksrauraq;
n. iáauraksraq (C).

additional piece added at the side n. tapiqtaq.
address, to ~ someone (with a public greeting)
vt. paàlii-.

addressing relative, term for ~adept, to be ~ vi. iqinnait-.
adjacent space n. uäan.

n. aààutaq (2).

adjacent stars n. aagruuk (2).
adjourn, to ~ vt. iñiq- (2).
adjust, to ~ vt. iâuaqsaq-;
vt. nakiqsaq-;
vt. nalautit-.

adjust, to ~ oneself: to achieve a psychologicalbalance in life vi. tutqiksi- (2).
adjust, to ~ the tie-down rope vt. naqitaq- (1).
adjust, to ~ to behaviors vi. ayuàak-.
adjusted, to become ~ vi. iâuaqsi- (2).
admire, to ~ greatly vt. suqutigi-.
admission charge n. itqusiq (C);n. itqusriq.

admonish, to ~ vt. alàaqsruq-;

vt. inniiááak-;vt. unniqsuq-.
adopt, to ~ a child vt. tiguaq-.
adopted child n. iñuguqtitaq;
n. tiguaq.
adoptionn. tiguaâiq.
adoptive parents n. tiguuvik.
adore, to ~ vi. piviuttaài-.
adorn, to ~ vi. qiñiyunaqusriqsuq-;
vt. piññaqusriqsuq-.
adornment n. piññaqusriq;
n. qiñiyunaqusriq.
adult
n. iñukpak (2).
adult, to become an ~ vi. qatqit- (1).
adulterern. atlatuqti.
adulteress n. atlatuqti.
adulteryn. atlatuâiq;n. sayuäaâiq (2).
adultery, to commit ~ vi. aànatuq-;
vi. aäutituq-;
vi. atlatuq-;
vt. aàniqi-;
vt. atugaài- (1).
advantage, to take ~ vt. aqsaktuaq-.

advantage, to take ~ of by underpaying
ivayaq- (2).
advicen. pipkaiñiun.
advise, to ~ vt. alàaqsruq-;
vt. isiáàiqsuq- (C);vt. isiáàiqsruq-;
vt. siáàiqsuq-.
advocate
n. uqapsaaàutriksraq (1).
adze
n. ulimmaun.
affable, to be ~ vi. pitchiàiaq-;
vi. taluànait-.
affected, to be ~ vi. iáunäutchak-.
affection, to express ~ vi. nuniaq-.
afflict, to ~ vt. nagliksaaqtit-.
afflicted, to be ~ vi. naäinnaqsi- (1);vi. sakiqniuq-.

278

vt.

afflictionamaze, to ~affliction
n. piyaqniuàun.
affliction, cause of ~ n. iâuiááiuàun.
afloat, to be ~ vi. pukta- (1);air pump
n. puviun.
air, to ~ items vt. ipsuksiq-.
air, unmoving ~ n. quunniq (2).
airfieldn. mirvikpak.
airplanen. tiämisuun;vi. pupta- (1).

aforementioned, the ~ dem.adv. amma.
afraid, to be ~ vi. iqsi-;

n. tiääun.

vi. manäait-;
vi. naäiaq-;
vi. nuyuaài- (2);vi. qapiya-;
vi. sivuuàa-;
vi. tatamaa-.

afraid, to be ~ to ask favor vi. ataniqsraq- (C).
afraid, to become ~ vi. taluqsratchak-.
afternoon n. anaqaksraaàiaq;n. anaqaksraaq;
n. anaqasaaàiaq;n. anaqasaaq;
n. unnuksraaàiaq;n. unnuksraaq.
afterwards adv. aquvatigun;
adv. kiñuvatigun;
adv. kiäuvatigun.
agaayuliqsi (temple) n. agaayuliqsi.
against, to be ~ vt. akiuq-.
age, to ~vi. aaquaq-;
vi. aäayuqaaq-.
aged butter or animal fat n. supi.
agitate, to ~ vt. akat-1 (1);vt. aupiããak-2.
agitated, to be ~ vi. aupiããak-1;
vi. nuyualiq-;
vi. nuyuqqak-.
ago, long ~ adv. iäiáàaan.
agonize, to ~ vi. nagliksaaq-.
agony
n. iâuiááiuâiq.
agree, to ~ vi. aäiq-;vi. aääaq-;vt. iâuaài-.
agreement n. aniàutaun;
n. aäiàun;n. aäiàutauruaq.
agreement ('you're right') adv. asulu (C).
agriculturist n. nautchiaksriqiri.
aground, to run ~ vi. iyaqqit-.
ahead of— sivuanun, see: sivu1.
ahead, to go ~ vi. ayuuq-.
aim, to ~ (a weapon) vt. iiguti-;
vt. nalautinniaq-.
aimed, to be ~ (of a weapon) vi. iigusima-;
vi. iigusrima-;
vi. uuyusrima-.
airn. siáa (1);n. uyumiäa nunam.

airplane, small ~ n. tiämisuugauraq.
airportn. mitchaaàvik.
alarm, to ~ vt. tupak-2.
alarmed, to be ~ vi. kappiasuk-.
alarmed, to become ~ vi. tupak-1.
alcoholn. ikkutiksraq;
alcoholicn. taaääaq.
n. imiàuuruaq;
n. taaääaqti.

alder, the red outer layer of ~ bark n. nunaäiak.
alder tree n. nunaäiak.
alert, to be ~vi. iivitchuaàik- (2);vi. kiliäa-;
vi. qauàrimaaàik- (1);vi. qiptait-.

align, to ~ (two things touching)alike, to be ~ vi. atlaksrait-.
alive, to be ~ vi. iñuu-;vi. patiktit- (1).

vi. uuma-;
vi. uumaruaq- (1).
alive, to be barely staying ~ vi. piyagniuq-.
allbase. iluqaq.
all, almost ~ pron. iluqatiqqayaq.
all (base for pronoun) base. iluq-.
all, in ~ of pos.adv. iluqaani.
all night long adv. unnuaqtutilaatun.
all things
n. supayaat.
allege, to ~ a lack vt. sumiq-.
alliance
n. akitñausrimanàiãiq.
Almighty God n. saääipayaaqaqtuaq.
alms, to solicit ~ vi. pulaaq-.
alone, to be ~ vi. kisi-;vi. kisivli-.
alone, to be ~ on a trail vi. avatquit-.
alone, to become ~ vi. kisiäuq-.
alongside, to be ~ vi. saniàaqâiu-;vi. uäatmik-.
alphabet
n. atchagat.
alsoconj. suli;
encl. -lu.
altar
n. ikipkaivik (2);n. tuniáaqtuàvik.
alter, to ~ vi. kiput-;vi. nuktaaq-.
alternate, to ~ vi. akiaqtaaq-;
vt. akiaàaqtaaq- (1).
alwaysadv. ataramik.
amaze, to ~ vt. aliuqsaaq- (C).

279

amazed, to be ~amazed, to be ~ vi. kamanniuq-.
amazement, expression of excl. savitugalukut.
amazing thing n. quviqnaqtuaq.
amazing, to be ~ vi. aliuànaq-.
ambitionn. kamanausruâiq;n. suuyumaâiq.

ambitious, to be ~ vi. qaàait-.
ambivalent, to be ~ vi. qanuqsausiiq-.
ambush, to ~ vt. iäiuq-;
vt. naàruk-.

amenable, to be ~ vi. uqayunaq- (2).
American pintail duckn. kurugaq.
American water pipit n. qupaâuk.
American widgeonn. ugiihiq.
amiable, to be ~ vi. iñuäniq-;
vi. taluànait-.

ammonian. itiàuq (2).
ammunition n. qaàrut.
ammunition case n. qaàruqaàvik.
ammunition (empty shells) n. paqnatit.
ammunition, to prepare ~ vi. paqnasriuq-.
among— akunàatni, see: akuniq;
pos.base. akuniq.

among, from ~ — akunàatniñ, see: akuniq.
among, to ~ — akunàatnun, see: akuniq.
among, to be ~ vi. avuu-.
amount, exact ~ n. naammak.
amuletn. aanàuaq (1);n. tupitkaq.

amuse, to ~ vt. nakut-.
ancestors
n. maääuat;n. sivulliat.
n. kisaq (C);n. kitchaq.
anchor (trap or snare) n. sautaaq.
ancient, something ~ n. utuqqaq.
ancient times adv. aippaavak.
andconj. aasriiñ;
conj. suli;
encl. -lu.
and soencl. -li.
and then this conj. aasriiñ-uvva;
conj. uvva-asiiñ;
conj. uvva-suli.
angel
n. isaàulik (C);n. israàulik.
anger
n. qiniànaq;n. taluànaq.
anger, expression of ~ excl. araa!
anger, forceful ~ n. qiniqaun (1).
anger, to be slow to ~ vi. qimmaksaliyait-.
angry, to be ~ vi. qanuâak-;vi. qiniq- (1);vi. qinnauti-.

anchorantiseptic (iodine, etc.)
angry, to be ~ with each other vi. qinàuti-.
angry, to become ~ vi. qinnak-;vi. uumitchak-;
vt. uumitchauti-.
angry, to feel ~ vi. uumisuk-.
angry, to make ~ vt. uumitchai-;
vt. uumitchaktit-.
anguish, to ~ vi. isumatuyaaq- (C);vi. isrumatuyaaq-.
anguish, to be without ~ vi. qiñuiqsitchi-.
anguished, to be ~ vi. naäit- (2);vi. sakiqniuq-.
angular edge n. quagruk.
animal, crawling ~ n. paamàuaq.
animal drive (toward entrapment) n. uäuraàvik.
animal, escaped ~ (with trap on foot) n.
naniàiaqtalik.
animal fat (of back) n. qaunnak.
animal, fur-bearing ~ n. pisukti (2);n. pisrukti (2).
animal tracks, to find ~ vi. tuvsi-.
animal trail n. aullavik (C);n. tumitchauraq (1).
animal, trapped ~ n. naniàiaqtaq.
animal "with young" n. amaalik.
ankle
n. siäiàñiq.
anklebone n. qamäaq.
annihilate, to ~ vt. suksraaq-.
annoy, to ~ vi. iñukâuqutau-;vt. sanmikãiq-2.
annoyance n. agiurrun (C);n. nagrun;n. nagrutaq;
n. uumiñaq.
annoyance, expression of ~ excl. nanaa.
annoying, to be ~ vi. mamianaq-;
vi. uumiñaq-.
anoint, to ~ someone vt. uqsruq-.
anothern. igáu;pron. alla;
pron. atla.
another one n. alàiaq (C).
answern. kiggun;n. kiggutit;
n. kiumaâiq;n. kiusiãiq.
answer, to ~ vt. kiu-.
answer, to be able to ~ vi. kiggutiksraq-.
answer, to have received an ~ vi. kiggusiaq-.
antn. kiktuqsralik.
Anti-Christ — akiááiáiqsuqti Christ, see:akiááiáiqsuqti;
n. agaayyutiääuaqti.
antiseptic (iodine, etc.) n. miäuluun.

280

antisocial, to be ~argue heatedly, to ~antisocial, to be ~ vi. iñuäniit-.
antlersn. nagruich.
antlers (pair) n. nagruuk.
anus
n. itiq.
anvil
n. arvik (C) (2);appetite, to have a small ~ vi. niàikkit-.
appetite, to lose one's ~ vi. qiññaq- (1).
applaud, to ~ vi. pattakula-.
apple, dried ~ n. siutiääuaq.
application form n. immiqsuaksraq.
apply oneself, to ~ vi. tupiksri-;n. kaugvik (2).

anxietyn. iqsiñaqtuaq.
anxiety, to experience ~ vi. tirruksi-;

vt. tupigi-.

vi. uunaaqsruktiq-.
vi. anayaktuaq-;
vi. kapya-1;
vi. kavya-;
vi. sapiáiq- (2);vi. taqqiñäuq-;vi. utaqqiñäuq-.
anxious, to become ~ vi. kapyaliq- (1);vi. kapyatchak-;
vi. kavyatchak-.
anxious, to cause to become ~ vt. kapyapchaq-.
any time
adv. qakugupayaaq;
excl. sumipayaaq.
anywayencl. unnii.
anywhere pos.adv. asiñun;
pos.adv. asriñun.
apart, to be ~ vi. avvaàiik-;vi. iññaàiik-.
apart, to be far ~ vi. akuttu-.
apart, to come ~ vi. aäivit-1.
apartment n. tukkumavik (2).
apathetic, to be ~ vi. nika-.
apologize, to ~ vi. uqapsaaàiaq-;
vi. uqapsaaq- (2).
apologyn. pisanàitchuuàun.
apostlen. tilliraurauq;
n. tuyuàikkaurauq;
n. uqqiraqtauq.
apparition n. aliuqtuaq.
appeal, to ~ to justice vt. qiññuaq- (2).
appear, to ~ vi. nui- (1);vi. sagviq-1;
vi. sipkiq- (2);vi. takkuqsraq-.
appearance n. avaàniq (C) (2);n. qiññaq.
appeared, to have ~ vi. nuima- (2).
appellation n. taiñiq (1).
appendicitis n. uqsian qaààaqiplugu.
appendicitis, to have an ~ attackvi.
saqulupqutaq-.
appendixn. saqulupqutaq (1);n. uqsi.
appendix, caribou ~ n. kivviàruaq.
appetite, to have a good ~ vi. samiiq-;
vt. niààiqsu- (2).

anxious, to be ~281

apply, to ~ a bandage vt. mamitaq-.
apply, to ~ cosmetics vt. nakuqsaq-;

vt. piviksaq-;
vt. piviksuq-.
apply, to ~ lotion vt. uqsruqtiq-.
appointed person n. nalunaiqsaq (2).
apportion, to ~ (into shares) vt. auqqi- (C);vt. autaaq-.
appreciative, to be ~ vi. pipikaq-;
vi. piviuttaq-.
apprehensive, to be ~ vi. anayasruk-;vi. iqsisu-;
vi. kappiasuk-;vi. nuyualiq-;
vi. nuyuqqak-;vi. sivuuàa-;
vi. taluqsraq-1;
vi. tupinäa-.
apprehensive, to become ~ vi. tupinäasi-.
approach, to ~ vi. qalli-;
vi. tikit- (2);vt. utlak-;vt. utlauti-.
approach, to ~ (of time) vi. tuäaiguti-.
approachable, to be ~ vi. tuäiàuànaq-.
April
n. qiáàit tatqiat;
n. tiämirrat tatqiat.
apron
n. saalisaq.
apron, to don an ~ vi. saalisaq-.
arch, to ~ one's back vi. niviq-2;
vi. qiviq- (1).
arctic char n. aqalukpik (C) (2);n. iqalukpik (C) (2);n. qalukpik (2).
Arctic Coast dweller n. qaämaliq.
arctic fox n. qusrhaaq.
arctic ground squirrel n. siksrik.
arctic hare n. ukallisugruk.
arctic tern n. mitqutaiáaq.
area above pos.base. quli1.
area around pos.base. avati.
area below pos.base. ati.
area of spreading liquid n. qaaminniq (2);n. qaaptinniq;
n. siiqsinniq (2).
area opposite pos.base. aki1.
argue heatedly, to ~ vi. qapiqtaiái-.

argue, to ~argue, to ~ vi. aipaluk-;vi. nalaurrutinàit-;vi. qapiqsiàiutraq-;vi. uqapiáuk-;vi. uqavaaq-;
vt. sanmisi- (1).
argue, to ~ with s.o. vt. uqaallati-.
arise, to ~ vi. aäi- (2);vi. makit-.
arm
n. taliq (1).
armor
n. aäuyautnaq;
n. qatigaaàun.
armpitn. uniq.
arms crossed, to have one's ~ vi. kaipiksimaaq-.
arms, to put ~ on back vt. amaqsi-.
arm-sling n. aaqsiuttaq;
n. anu (3);n. anut.
arm-sling, to put on an ~ vt. aaqsiutchiq-.
army
n. aäuyaktaut.
around— avataani, see: avati.
around, from ~ — avataaniñ, see: avati;— avataanun, see: avati.
around here, from ~ dem.adv. maakäa;
dem.adv. maaääa (C).
around here, located ~ dem.adv. maani.
around here: moving/extended dem.adv. marra.
around here, through ~ dem.adv. mauna.
around here, toward ~ dem.adv. mauäa.
arrange, to ~ vt. inillaksruq- (1);vt. inillaktuq- (1).
arrange, to ~ lodging vt. iññiqsuq- (2).
arrestn. tigukkauâiq.
arrest, to ~ vi. tiguri-;
vt. tigu- (2);vt. tiguniqâuk-;vt. tigusri- (2).
arrive, to ~ vi. kinilit-;
vi. tikiáàataq-;
vi. tikit- (1);vt. aggiqi- (1).
arrive, to ~ at one's destination vt. kaäiááit-.
arrogant, to be ~ vi. aaäasriàaq-;vi. aaäit-;vi. atmik-;
vi. kamanaàasruk-;vi. kamanausruk-.
arrow
n. qaàruq.
arrow, bow and ~ n. qaàrupiaq.
arrow, feathered ~ n. qaàruq sululik.
arrow point n. kukau.
arrowhead n. sikuq (2).
arrowhead (of stone) n. siku2 (3).
arrows, to dodge ~ vi. uuyuliaq-.

assault, to ~arrows, to make ~ vt. qaàri-.
artifactn. aippaaniqnisaq;

n. alàaqsaq (C);n. imakäaqtaq;
n. iäiáàaaqnisaq;
n. taimakäaqtaq.
artifact, ancient ~ n. utuqqaqtaq.
artificial fur n. mitquääualik.
artist who engraves bone n. saunniqiri (1).
as mentioned encl. -guuq.
ascend, to ~ vi. mayuq-;
vi. qiàaqtaq-;
vi. qunmuk- (2).
ascend, to ~ a high spot vi. nasritchuq-.
ascend, to ~ (of the sun) vi. qau-.
ashn. aàra (1);n. qammiuàniq.
ashamed, to be ~ vi. kanäusuk-;vi. kanäusruk-;vi. qikigi- (2).
ashamed, to become ~ vi. kanäutchak-.
ashore, to be ~ vi. tulaummi-.
ashore, to come ~ vi. apuàaksaaq-;
vi. sulluq-;
vi. tulak-.
ashtrayn. sikaakuvik;
n. sikaaqaàvik.
aside, to be set ~ vi. asivaq- (C).
aside, to move ~ vi. uluq- (4).
aside, to move ~ (to make room) vt. ilaaq- (2);vt. illiqsaaq-.
aside, to set ~ vi. asiñuk-;vi. asriñuk-;vt. ilaaguaq-.
aside, to take ~ vt. saniqpaktaaàuti-.
ask, to ~vt. apiài-;
vt. apiqsri-;
vt. apiqsruq-;
vt. iäiq-;vt. iäiqsruq-.
ask, to ~ a favor vi. qanniuq-1.
ask, to ~ earnestly vt. iäiula-.
ask, to ~ for vi. pulaaq-;
vt. piatchiaq-.
askew, to be ~ vi. iqu-;vi. iquäa-.
asleep, to be ~ vi. siñiktukkaq-;
vi. siññaàik-;vi. siqu- (2).
asleep, to fall ~ vi. siñiktukkaaqsi-;
vi. siquaqsi-.
aspiration n. qutchigumaâiq;n. qutchiksiãiq.
assault, to ~ vt. suàruk- (1).

282assemblage

awake moody, to ~assemblage n. katiqsrat.
assemble, to ~ vi. kasima-;

vi. katima-;
vi. katimmatikkaq-;
vi. katit-;
vi. kattutikkaq-.
assemble, to ~ parts vt. katiqsri-;
vt. tumaqsruq- (1).
assent, to ~ vi. aäiq-;vi. aääaq-.
assertive, to be ~ vi. attaqsrait-;vi. attaqsranàit-.
assign, to ~ a task vi. piraksriq-.
assist, to ~ vt. anniqsuq- (1);vt. iñuuli-.
assume, to ~vi. sivunniàaq- (2).
astonishment encl. -tai.
astound, to ~ vt. quviq-.
astray, to go ~ vi. avatvaq-.
astray, to lead someone ~ vt. killukuaàutipkaq-.
at lastadj. kiisaimma.
at last!
excl. imani!
atmosphere n. siáa (1);n. uyumiäa nunam;n. uyumiq (2).
attach, to ~ vt. pituk-;
vt. pituqqit-.
attach, to ~ a bottom vt. nataaq-.
attach, to ~ a line vt. ipiusiq-.
attach, to ~ a sole vt. atuäak-.
attach, to ~ a taut string vt. nuqaq-.
attach, to ~ a top to something vt. quli-.
attach, to ~ a tow line vt. ipiutchiq-.
attach, to ~ ropes of a tent vi. qiluliqsuq-.
attach, to ~ ropes to a tent vt. qilu-2 (1);vt. qiluuq-2.
attached, to be ~ vi. ata-.
attack, to ~ vt. piyuaq- (1);vt. suàruk- (1).
attack, to ~ (of a bird) vt. tuluq-1.
attack, to ~ violently vt. upaktuq-.
attackern. piyuaqniktuaq.
attempt, to ~ vi. pitai-.
attend, to ~ reindeer vt. misiksri-.
attendee at a meeting n. katimaruaq.
attention, to crave ~ vi. qiñiqusaaq-.
attention, to pay ~ to vi. suquti-.
attention, to pay ~ to noises vi. upit- (3).
attention, to seek ~ vi. uäa-;
vi. uääayak-.
attituden. piááautaqniaâiksraq.
attract, to ~ animals (imitating call) vi. qaivaksaq-;
vt. qalàusraaq- (2).
attract, to ~ attention vt. itqu-.

283

attract, to ~ by odor vi. naàiaq-.
attract, to ~ caribou (by shouting) vt. tuvaaq- (1).
attracted, to be ~ (by bait) vi. nivi- (1).
attribute (of a person) n. qanusriuâiq.
attribute, to ~ blame vt. patchitchiq-.
audacious, to be ~ vi. arguaäa-;
vi. iáisimatluäniraaq- (1);vi. tutqaanaq- (1).
audible, to be ~ vi. nalunait- (1);vi. tusaànaq-;
vi. tusraànaq-.
audible, to be ~ (sound at a door) vi.
katchaksrula-.
audible, to become ~ vi. nalunaiq- (1).
Augustn. amiàaiqsivik;
n. Tiääivik.
aunt
n. atchak (1).
austere, to be ~ vi. attaànaq-.
authorn. aullaàniiri.
authority
n. aäalarrun (2);n. aäalatchiãiq;n. aäalatchisi;n. ataniànaqqun;
n. saääiqun;
n. saääiqutiqaâiq;n. taluànaqqutiksraq.
authority, person in ~ n. saääiqutilik.
authorization n. taluànaqqutiksraq.
authorize, to ~ vt. saääiqutiksrik-.
authorized person n. saääiqutilik.
authorized, to be ~ vi. aäalatiksrikkauma-;
vi. taluànaqusiq-.
autocratic, to be ~ vi. atanàutu-.
automobile n. aksraktuaq.
autumnn. ukiaq.
autumn, early ~ n. ukiaksraq.
autumn skin n. ukialliq (1).
avalanche n. sisuuk.
avaricen. kaviuàun.
avenge, to ~ vt. akisauti-.
avoid, to ~ vt. agliài-;
vt. naäaq- (1);vt. pasigi-;
vt. pasiñaq-2;
vt. quäuài-;
vt. quäuqsraq-;
vt. suqutiginàit-;vt. suqutiksriñàit-.
avoid, to ~ conflict vt. paaqsakkatautait-.
avoidance of conflict n. paaqsakkatautaiãiq.
await, to ~ vt. taqqigi-;
vt. utaqqigi-.
await, to ~ prey vt. itchuq-2.
awake moody, to ~vi. ittaàluk-.

awake sick, to ~bad habits, to have ~awake sick, to ~ vi. ittaàluk-.
awake, to ~ vi. itquma-;

awkward, to be ~ vi. aapyaäaaq-;
vi. iqinnaq-.

vt. itiqsaq-.

awake, to be not fully ~ vi. itinàit- (1);vi. itiäit- (1).

awake, to wait for someone to ~ vt. itiqsiq-.
awaken, to ~ someone with noise vt. tupaaq-2.
aware, to be ~ vi. qauàrima-.
aware, to be ~ [of another person's habits or
characteristics] vi. iâiqsui-.
aware, to become ~ vi. qauàri- (2).
away, to be well ~ from the shore vi. kiluvasik-.
away, to get ~ from home vi. aliiqsiaq- (1).
awe (expression of ~) excl. savitugalukut.
awed, to be ~ by someone vi. kamatchak-.
awesome, to be ~ vi. aliuànaq-.

awl
n. puttun.
awoken, to be ~ vi. tupak-1.
ax handle n. kattalu.
axen. anauttaksraq (2);n. anauttaq (2);n. ipiàauttaq;
n. ulimmaun.
axe, double-bladed n. avanmulik (C);n. avatmulik.
axe, to own a double-bladed ~ vi. avatmuliáik(C).
axe, to use a double-bladed ~ vt. avatmuligaq-.

B - bbabble, to ~ vi. uqaqpaktuq-.
babble, to ~ (of running water) vi. maqsraluk-;vi. quàluq-.
n. paipiuraq;
n. qitunàauraq.
baby talkn. nuniaàun.
baby talk, to ~ to a child vi. nuniaq-.
babysit, to ~ vt. nayuqtuaq-2;
vt. paggisi-.
babysitter n. paggitri.
bachelorn. iáaqatnigutlaiáaq;
n. nuliaàutlaiáaq.
back
pos.base. kiäu.
back and forth, to go ~ vi. utiàmik-;
vi. utiqtaq-.
back area n. tunu2 (2);pos.base. aqu1.
back, at ~ of adv. tunuani.
back, at the ~ — aquani, see: aqu1.
back, bottom ~ (parka hood) n. quäusiñiq (2).
back muscle, large ~ n. uliusiñiq (1).
back part (of birds) n. qulutchuk.
back side length of a parka or snow shirt n. papik(3).
back, the ~ of one's heel n. kikmitquq.
back, the one farthest in the ~ n. kilulliq.
back there, from ~ dem.adv. pamakäa;
dem.adv. pamaääa (C);dem.adv. pavakäa;
dem.adv. pavaääa (C);dem.adv. piñakäa;
dem.adv. piñaääa (C).
back there, located ~ dem.adv. pamani;
dem.adv. pavani;

baby

dem.adv. piñani.

back there: moving/extended dem.adv. pavva.
back there: not visible dem.adv. pamma.
back there: stationary/specific dem.adv. piñña.
back there, through ~ dem.adv. pamuuna;
dem.adv. pavuuna;
dem.adv. piñuuna.
back there, toward ~ dem.adv. pamuäa;
dem.adv. pavuäa;
dem.adv. piñuäa.
back, to ~ up vi. tunuvaq-.
back, to be cold on one's ~ vi. tunuiyaq-.
back, to bend ~ one's body vi. kikiik-;vi. qaqaq-.
back, to go ~ to sleep vi. siñiktukkatqik-.
back, to lie ~ vi. niviq-1 (2).
back, to move toward the ~ vi. tunutmuk-.
back, to take ~ vt. aäiuq- (C).
back, to the ~ — tunuanun, see: tunu1.
back, toward the ~ — tunutmun;
pos.adv. kilutmun.
back, upper ~ n. aaàiak.
backbone n. kigapikkat;
n. kigipikkat;
n. kuyapikkat.
backpack n. nanmaun (2);n. natmagvik;
n. natmaun (2).
backward pos.adv. aqutmun.
backwards — tunutmun;
pos.adv. kiäutmun.
backwards, to travel ~ vi. tunutmuk-.
bacon
n. piikinaq.
bad habits, to have ~ vi. ilitqusiàiit- (C) (1).

284

bad habits, to practice ~battery

bad habits, to practice ~ vi. ayuàiiái- (1).
bad person or thing n. pigiiáaq.
bad, to become ~ vi. pigiiáiq-.
bad, to do something ~ vi. killuliqi-.
bad trail, to be a ~ vi. tumigiit-.
bad weather n. siáaqâuk.
bad weather, to be ~ vi. siáagiit-.
badger, to ~ vt. piyuaq- (2).
baffled, to be ~ vi. suquasiksrait-.
bag, large ~ n. puukataq.
baggy, to be ~ vi. asiñiáa- (C).
bail, to ~vi. qalluttaq-.
bail, to ~ water vt. qalu- (1).
bait
n. naàiaq.
bait, of meatn. nivitchiq.
bait, to ~vt. naàirriq-.
baited, to be ~ vi. nivitchiq- (2).
bake bread, to ~ vi. qaqqi-;bar (for locking a door) n. qaulàun (2).
bar, movable ~ (for locking a door) n. saniqsaq.
bar, to ~vt. avriaq-.
bar, to ~ a door vi. saniàutchiq-;

vi. qaqquliuq-.

baking pan n. qaiàuq1.
baking powder n. puplaksaun.
baking soda n. siiàñaiyaun.
balance, to ~ in suspension (of a seal) vi. uyak-.
bald spot
n. kavrauraq (2);n. utiniq (1).

bald, to be ~ n. nuyait-.
bald, to grow ~ vi. nuyaiq-;
vi. uti- (1).

baldpate duck n. ugiihiq.
baleenn. suqqaq.
baleen, the material holding ~ n. mamaaq.
baleen, to trim ~ with a knife vt. savigaq- (1).
balln. aqsraaq.
ball, to make a ~ vi. aqsraaliuq-;
vi. aqsri- (C) (2).

ball, to play ~ vi. aqsriqi-.
ball, to wind into a ~ vt. imu-.
balloonn. puviiqhaaq (2).
bandagen. mamitaksraq.
bandage (around one's neck for a sore throat) n.

qakiàlugun.
vi. aviáuq-;vt. aviáuqtaq-.
bang, to make a loud ~ vi. ittutit-.
banging noise, to make ~ vt. aviáuqtaq-.
bank (at a river or the coast) n. immiññauraq (C)(2).
bank (money) n. tutquqsivik (2).
bank swallow n. tulugaànaq (2).
bankern. maniliqiri.
bankrupt person n. maniiáaq (2).
bankrupt, to be ~ vi. maniit-.
bankrupt, to become ~vi. maniiq-.
baptize, to ~ vi. paptaaq-.

bang, to ~285

vi. saniqsaq-;
vt. qaulàutchiq-.
bar (with alcohol) n. imiàvik.
barb
n. aki2 (1).
bare, to be ~ vi. qattaq-;
vi. suàait-1.
barefoot, to be ~ vi. kamiáaaq-.
bare-legged, to go ~ vi. uviññiraaq-.
barge
n. paachaq;
n. purriuqtuaq;n. skuaàruaq.
bark (birch) n. qaiàuq2.
bark (cottonwood) n. qasalluq (1);n. qasralluq (1).
bark (of a dog) n. qiáuk.
bark (of trees) n. amiàaq (C) (1).
bark, to ~ (of a dog) vi. qiáuk-.
barometer n. anuàisiun (2).
barred owl n. naataqpak.
barreln. qattaàruk.
barrette
n. tuvliàun.
barriern. aggagiitkutaq;
n. sappun (1).
barrier (to prevent rolling) n. aksragiitkutaq.
barter, to ~ vt. niuviq- (2).
base of a sled runner n. siku2 (2).
bashful, to be ~ vi. atlayuaq- (1);vi. kanäusruu-;
vi. qiki-;vi. qikigi- (1).
basinn. iààuàvik.
basketn. aguummak;n. aguupmak.
basket sled n. qiáàich.
basket, to help fill another person's ~ vi.
naivruàaq-.
basket, to make a ~ vi. aguummi-;
vt. aguupmi-;
vt. kinaivruàausri-.
basket (willow, birch) n. naivruàaun.
batn. anauttaksraq (1).
bath, to take a ~ vi. ivvaq-;
vi. uvvaq-.
bath tubn. ivvaqtuàvik.
bathe, to ~ vi. ivvaq-;
vi. uvvaq-;
vt. kiñitchiq-1 (1).
batter, to ~ vt. piyuk- (1).
batteries
n. quaqsaaàautit.
batteryn. quaqsaaàun.

battlebattlen. aäuyaâiq.
battle, to ~ vt. aäuyak-.
bay
n. ikiq (C);n. iáuliaq;
n. kaäiqãuk (2).
be careful! excl. nalaiñ!
be still!
excl. attaa.
be, to ~vi. it-.
beach
n. taàium siñaa.
beach, rocky ~ n. iyaàauraaq (2).

beach, to ~ boats after whaling season vt.

qaksruq-2.
beaconn. akiãugaq (C);n. qaummiaraàaq.
bead (for beadwork) n. suäauraq.
beadwork, to do ~ vi. suäaurriqi-.
beakn. sigguuk (C) (2);n. siyyuuk (2).
beam of light n. qaumaniq (1).
beans
n. kumaurat;
n. niliànat.
bear
n. pisukti (1);n. pisrukti (1);n. pisruktuaq.
bear, black ~ n. iyyaàri (C);n. iyyaàriq.
bear, female polar ~ n. apitchiq (C) (2).
bear, grizzly ~ n. akâaq.
bear, polar ~ n. nanuq.
bear, polar ~ with three cubs n. piäayuàalik.
bear, to ~ pain vi. igáutuq-.
bear, yearling polar ~ n. avinnaaq (C) (1).
bearable, to be ~ vi. atmiñaq-.
bearberry n. kavlaq;
n. tinnik.
beard
n. umik.
beard of caribou or reindeer n. tiäayuk.
beard, to grow a ~ vi. ummak-.
beast (wild) n. niàrugaaàluk.
beat, to ~vt. tigluk- (1).
beat, to ~ dough vt. akut- (2).
beat, to ~ soundly vt. anagvik- (C);vt. anaqhiala-.
beat, to ~ up vt. piyuaq- (1).
beat, to ~ with fists vt. qakimik-;
vt. tugluämik-.
beaten, to be ~ vi. atniaqsima-.
beau
n. piqatnaaq.
beautiful, to be ~ n. piññaqnaq-;
vi. anaäaaäu-.
beautiful, to think something is ~ vi.
piññaàusruk-.
beautify, to ~ vt. aànaàiksaq-;
vt. nakuqsaq-.

behindbeavern. aqu2 (2);n. paâuqtaq.
beaver dam n. iglu (3).

beaver trim for mukluk n. paâuqtaq.
becauseconj. atakkiataä (C);conj. atakkii (C);conj. takku;
conj. uvva-kii;
conj. uvva-takku.
vi. piqutigi-.

because of
beckon, to ~ with one's index finger

vt.
qiññuaqtuq-.
become, to ~ vi. iái-1;
vi. piàuq-1 (1).
bedn. siñigviich.
bed, to get into ~ vi. tuttaaq-.
bed, to go to ~ early vi. nallaànaàiaq-.
bedding
n. tuäiutit;
n. tuttaat;n. uqummatit.
bedding of willow branches n. avrat.
bedding, to prepare ~ vt. illiuq-;
vt. tuäiusiuq-;
vt. tuäiutiliuq-.
bedtime snack, to eat a ~ vi. nullautchiàaaq-.
beer
n. puvla (2).
beetlen. aviññaurayuuq;
n. minäuq.
before— sivuàaani, see: sivuq;— sivuàaanun, see: sivuq;
pos.base. sivu1;
pos.base. sivuq.
before, to come ~ vi. sivuàaanuk-, see: sivuq.
before, to present ~ vt. sivuàaäiuti-, see: sivuq.
beg, to ~vt. iäiq-;vt. iäiqsruq-;
vt. iäiula-;
vt. qasiái- (1);
vt. tuksiaq-;
vt. tuksiq-.
begin, to ~ vi. aullaànii-;
vt. aullaqqi- (C).
begin, to ~ (of day) vi. uvluq-.
beginner
n. aullaàniiri.
beginning n. aullaàniiãiq;n. aullaàniisaaq;
n. sivulliq (3).
begrudge, to ~ vt. iàáikkuti-.
behead, to ~ vt. aäarraq- (C);vt. niaquaq-;
vt. niaquiq-.
behind— aquani, see: aqu1;— tunuani, see: tunu1;
adv. tunuani;286

behind, from ~bet, to ~bend, to ~ (of a river) vi. piàliq- (2).
bend, to ~ (of an inanimate object) vi. piàit-.
bend, to ~ one's body back vi. kikiik-;

pos.adv. kiäuani;
pos.base. kiñu;
pos.base. tunu1.
behind, from ~ — tunuaniñ, see: tunu1.
behind, person who stays ~ n. pai (2).
behind, to ~ — tunuanun, see: tunu1.
behind, to be far ~ vi. kiñuvasrik-;vi. kiäuvasik-.
behind, toward ~ pos.adv. aqutmun.
being
n. iâiq (1).
being, live ~n. uumaruaq.
belch, to ~ vi. niksaak-;vi. qalak-.
belie, to ~ vt. sagluqi-.
believable, to be ~ vi. ukpiqnaq-.
believe, to ~ vi. ukpiài-;vi. ukpiqsri-;
vt. tunäa-2.
believern. ukpiqsrirauq;
n. ukpiqtuaq.
believing, act of ~ n. ukpiàun.
belittle, to ~ vi. iáisimatluäniraaq- (2);vt. pipasaàiäit-;vt. pivasraàiñàit-;vt. suvasraàiñàit-.
bell
n. akuàluk;n. aviáuqtaun;
n. qattauraq.
bellows
n. puviun.
belly
n. aqiaq;
n. narraak.
belly, to have a flat ~ vi. naaäit-.
belong, to ~ to vi. pigiliuti-.
belonging n. suurat.
belongings of a traveler n. suàautat (2);n. suàusrit (2).
beloved (person) n. piqpaksriruaq.
below— ataani, see: ati.
below, to ~ — ataanun, see: ati.
belt
n. tapsi;
n. tiàiksraq.
belt, man's ~ n. pamiuqtaq.

vi. qaqaq-.

bend, to ~ one's knee in Eskimo dancing (ofwomen) vi. aquvlik-2.
bend, to ~ over vi. iksrik-;vi. puuk- (1).

bend, to ~ over closely vi. qulaäiq- (1).
bend, to ~ saw teeth (with a tool) vt. nikisitaq-.
bend, to ~ the body when submerging vi. piquaq-.
bend, to ~ the head to one side vt. niaqqiq-.
bend, to ~ wood vt. asiq-2;

belt (used when carrying a baby on one's back) n.
qaksrugaun.

belt, warming ~ (for dogs)

n. tapsiaq;
n. tavsiaq.
belted kingfisher n. nukuutchiqiq.
belugan. sisuaq.
bend, to ~ back vi. qiviq- (1).
bend, to ~ back one's head vi. qiviäa- (1).
bend, to ~ down vi. auàyuk-.
bend, to ~ forward vi. kutraq-;vi. put-;
vi. qumaq-.

287

vt. asiqsi-;
vt. asriq-.
beneath, to go ~ vi. ataut-1.
benediction n. iñiqsaaàun;n. qasruqsaaàun.
benefit, to ~ someone vt. ikayuusriaqaàvigi-;
vt. tuäaaài-;
vt. tuäaaài-2.
bent, to be ~ vi. iqãiäaaq-;
vi. piàiäa-;
vi. saquäa-.
bent, to be ~ over vi. auàak- (C).
bent, to walk ~ over vi. punäayuaqataq-;
vi. punäayuuq-;
vi. punäuuq-.
berate, to ~ vt. aiva-1;
vt. uqaallati-.
berate, to ~ each other vt. aivvati-.
bereft, to be ~ vi. inituqtaaq-;
vi. inituqtiq-.
bereft, to become ~ vi. initusriáiq-.
berries, old n. asiaàruaq (1);n. asriaàruaq (1).
berries, unripe ~ n. quviqti (2).
berryn. asiaq (1);n. asriaq (1).
berry patch n. asialivik;
n. asrialivik.
berry picker n. asriaàiaqtuaq.
berry picking, to go ~ vi. asiaàniaq- (C);vi. asriaàniaq-.
berry, red ~ of a leafy plant n. aäutvak.
beside— avataagun, see: avati;
pos.base. saniq.
beside, area ~ — saniàaani, see: saniq.
best part, to eat the ~ vt. taäiq-.
best, the ~ n. iâuaàniq.
best, to ~ someone vt. iäiaq-;
vt. sivulik-.
bestir, to ~ vi. aulayak-.
bet, to ~vi. nalautchuàaq- (2);

betrayer

blackness
vt. manigaq-.

betrayern. ataaguutituaq.
betrothed, the ~ n. iáaqatnikkumaaàataqtuaq;n. iáaqatniäniaqtuaq.
vi. nakuqsi-;
vi. nakuusi-.
betweenpos.base. akuniq.
between, to put ~ vt. akunniàusriq-.
beveragen. imiànaq.
bewilder, to ~ vt. atlayuaài- (1).
bewildered, to be ~ vi. pitqusriqsrait-.
bewitch, to ~ vt. iáisiiyaq-.
beyond it pos.base. uäati.
beyond, located ~ it — uäataani, see: uäati.
beyond, to ~ it — uäataanun, see: uäati.
bib, to protect from dribbling n. manuàun (3).
bicep muscle n. aqsravaluqtaq (C);n. aqsriñiq;
n. aqsriäiq;
n. aqvaluaq (C).
bid, a ~ on an item for sale n. nalligaq (1).
bid, to ~vt. nallit- (1).
Big Dipper (constellation) n. tuttuàruk.
big, to be ~ vi. aäi- (1).
big toen. putuguq.
bighorn sheep n. qiàñiqtalik.
bightn. kaäiqãuk (2).
bilen. suäaq (2).
bilious, to be ~ vi. uqsriñäu-.
bill
n. sigguuk (C) (2);n. siyyuuk (2).
bind, to ~ together vt. uuyu- (2).
binge, to ~ vi. imiàuitáaiq-.
binoculars n. iriàruak;
n. qiñiàautik.
binoculars, to look through ~ vi. qiñiàaq-.
birch basket n. aimmaq.
birch tree n. urgiiáiq.
bird, small n. tiämiuraq.
bird, small ~ n. tiämiaàruk.
bird, young ~ n. aatchauqtuäiq.
bird's nest n. uglu (1);n. uvluutit (1).
bird's tailn. papik (1).
birthn. aniáàataâiq.
birth place n. annivik.
birth, to experience premature ~ vi. aäuuq- (2).
birth, to feel readiness of baby's ~ vi. urgiasruk-1(3).
birth, to give ~ vi. iàñi-.
birth, to give ~ to a child vi. ani- (2);vi. iàñisruk-.
birth, to give ~ to a male vi. aäutili- (C).
birthdayn. anniviáiãiq.

better, to become ~biscuitbishopbitch
bite, to ~n. irauraqtat;
n. iraurigauraqtat (C);n. muqpauraq;
n. siiàñaqsiaq (2);n. tivu.
n. qaukâiq;n. qaunaksri (2).
n. aànasuk.
vt. kigi-;
vt. ugiaq-2.

bite, to ~ a dog to death (of a pack of dogs)

vt.

isit-.

bite, to ~ (of fish) vt. akkauq- (2).
bite, to ~ off food vt. maäiaq-2.
bite, to sustain a ~ vi. kigiáiq-.
bite, to take a ~ of vi. kiggisi-.
bite-sized chunks of food n. iratqi.
bite-sized chunks, to cut into ~ of foodiratqi-.
bitten, to get ~ vi. kigiáiq-;vi. ugiaqtit-.
bitter, to be ~ vi. isumanäu- (C);vi. isrumanäu-;
vi. kimnaq-;
vi. siiàñaàluktuaq-;
vi. suäaàniq-.

bitter, to be too ~ to eat (of meat)
bitter, to become ~ vi. kimnaqsi-;
vi. qakkiññaqsi-.

vt.

vi. tipraàluk-.

bitter, to have a ~ taste on one's tonguevi.
siiàáit- (1).
bitter, to taste ~ vi. suäaànit-.
bitterness n. killuqsriãiq;n. qiniànaq;n. suäaàniãiq;n. taluànaq.
bitterness (ill feeling) n. uumiksrugruaàun.
bitter-tasting item n. kimnaq.
black item n. taaqtaaq.
black muskrat n. qiàñiq.
black out, to ~ vi. taaqtukkaq-.
black, something ~ n. taaqtaq.
black, to be ~ vi. qiàñiq-.
black, to be really ~ vi. taaääaàiq-.
black, to become ~ vi. paulatiq-;
vi. pautiq-.
black-bellied plover n. tulliqpak.
blackberry n. paunàaq.
blackberry, leave/needle of ~ n. paunàaqutaq.
blackbird, rusty ~ n. tulukkatun ittuq.
black-capped chickadee n. misikaaàaq.
blackfishn. iâuiñaq;
n. iâuuqiñiq.
blackness n. qiàñiqtaaq.

288

blackout, to experience ~blouse (sleeveless)blackout, to experience ~ vi. kakavyak-.
black-white object n. aglaktaaq.
bladdern. nakasruk.
bladder, hunting ~ n. avataq.
blade
n. kigiñuq.
blade of a paddle n. mulu (3).
blade, two-edged n. pana (2).
blades for cutting n. kiplutit.
blame
n. pasi (1).
blame, have no one to ~ vi. pasrigaksrait- (2).
blame, to ~ vt. pasi- (1);blind, to become ~ vi. ayau-;
vi. qiñitlaiq-.

blinded, to be ~ by bright light vi. qikäaq-;vi. qitñaq-.
vi. siqunàipak-;vi. siquvyuuktaq-.
blistern. qaaqsruàniq.
blister, to get a ~ vi. qaaqsruq-.
blister, to have a ~ vi. nuäusruq-.
blizzard
n. aäniq.
blizzardy, to be ~ vi. aäniq-.
block and tackle n. kiyipigaurat;
n. kuyapigaurat.
block of wood n. ikik (1).
block, to ~ vi. sapi-;
vt. avriaq-.
block, to ~ a door vi. saniàutchiq-;
vt. qaulàutchiq-.
block, to ~ a view vt. taaluttaq- (1).
block, to ~ an opening
vt. simik-2.
block, to ~ someone's path vt. quààuti-2.
block, to ~ the flow of liquids vt. kaiváuq- (1).
block, to ~ the light from someone vt. taaluttaq(2).
block, to ~ the way vt. avriaqutaq- (1);
vt. nagrutaq- (1).
blockaden. sappun (1).
blocked, to become ~ vi. sapnauq-.
blood
n. auk.
blood broth, boiled ~ n. qayuksraq.
blood, clotted ~ n. augiaq.
blood soup, caribou ~ n. qayuq.
blood, to collect ~ for dog broth vt. arri- (C) (1).
blood, to get a ~ transfusion vi. arriq-.
blood, to leave ~ vi. auku-.
blood, to make broth from ~ vt. arri- (C) (2).
blood, to mix ~ with water for dog food vt.
arriuq-.
blood, to pour ~ vt. auliq-.
blood transfusion, to give a ~ vt. auliq-.
blood vessel n. augavik;
n. taqak.
blood-letting knife n. tirran.
bloodletting, to perform ~ on someone vt. uäuyut-.
bloody skin of an animal n. arriqsinniq (2).
bloody skin of animal n. augialik.
bloody, to be ~ vi. aulik-.
bloom of salmonberry n. aqpiksraq.
bloomers (archaic) n. qaàliik (2);n. qaàliuraq.
blot
n. miñugluk.
blotchn. uqsriññiq.
blouse (sleeveless) n. asiiáaq;
n. asriiáaq.

blink, to ~vt. pasri- (1);vt. pasritñik-;vt. patchisigi- (1).
blame, to be without ~ vi. patchisaiáaaq-.
blameworthy, to be ~ vi. pasiñaq-1.
blank, to be ~ vi. aglaiáaaq- (1);vi. aglait- (1).
blanketn. uligruaq;
n. ulik (1);n. ulitchiaq.
blanket, extra ~ n. qaliàuaq (3).
blanket toss n. nallukkataq.
blanket toss, hide for a ~ n. nallukkataun (1).
blanket toss, to engage in a ~ vi. nallukkataq-.

blanket tossers: people who hold a blanket andhelp someone to jump into the air (togain a better view of the ocean) n.
nalluaqtit.

blanket-tossing skin n. mapkuq.
blaspheme, to ~vt. uqaàniàluk-.
blaze, to ~ (of fire) vi. ikuallak-.
bleached, to be ~ by weather vi. qakuq- (2);vi. qaqsuq-.

bleached, to be ~ white vi. puvitquq-.
bleachers n. qutlisit.
bleat, to ~ (of a goat, sheep) vi. qalàuq-.
bleed, to ~ vi. auk-1;
vi. aunaaqsruq-.

bleed, to ~ an animal vt. augiq-.
bleed, to ~ from the mouth vi. arriqi-.
blemishn. taqsraqtaq.
blend, to ~ with its environment vi. nalunaq-.
bless, to ~ vt. piáiutiqaq-;
vt. quyyati-.

blessed, to be ~ vi. quvianamiu-.
blessedness n. quvianamiuâiq.
blessing
n. piáiun;n. piáiusiaq.
n. kaäiàaq (2);n. naàrugvik.
blind, to ~ vt. qagguti- (1).
blind, to be ~ vi. ayauäa-;
vi. qiñitlait-.

blind, hunter's ~289

blouse, woman's ~blouse, woman's ~ n. kaigauraq (2).
blow, to ~ vi. supumik-;
vt. supluaq-.

blow, to ~ a trumpet vi. qalàuqtaq-.
blow, to ~ air (of whales) vi. supuqtaàviaq-.
blow, to ~ air out of the mouth vi. supimik- (2).
blow, to ~ away vt. tiäit-.
blow, to ~ hard with a few feet of visibility (ofwind) vi. uvuäatchauraq-.
blow, to ~ into the air hole of a wood stove vi.
supimik- (1).

blow, to ~ (of westerly wind) vi. kanakniq-.
blow, to ~ (of wind) vi. supi- (2).
blow, to ~ one's nose vi. kakkiksuq-.
blow, to ~ out (as a candle) vt. supi-2.
blow, to ~ snow vt. apyutit-.
blow torch n. auktuuàun.
blowhole (of a whale) n. qiääak (2);blubbern. supuqtaàvik (1).
n. nutaàiñàaq;n. qapsiraq.

blubber, dripping oil into a lamp n. iñàausiq.
blubber (edible) n. maktak.
blubber (for stove fuel) n. siqpati.
blubber on a stick (used for dripping oil into alamp) n. ayaksraq (1).
blubber, strip of rendered ~ in seal oil n.
uqsruàaaq.

blubber strips n. aàviñàaq.
blubber, to store ~ (for winter) vt. uqsrak-2.
blubber, used to waterproof skin boat seams n.
puya (2).

blue denim n. taaqtaq.
blue fox
n. qianàaqtuluk.
blue, to be ~ vi. uquaq-.
blue, to be ~ in the face vi. tuäuq-.
blue, to become ~ in the facevi. tuäuqsi-.
blueberry n. asiavik;
n. asriavik.
n. asiaviqutat;
n. asriaviqutat.
bluenessn. uquaqtaaq.
bluff (river) n. ikpik.
blunt, to be ~ vi. ipkit-.
blurred, to be ~ vi. uyuniq-.
blurry, to become ~ vi. niptaiq-.
blurt out, to ~ vi. uqaya-.
blurt, to ~ out unthinkingly vi. uqallaya-.
blush, to ~ vi. kaviàáuksi-;
vi. kigiñaàiiáiq-.
board, cutting ~ for fish n. siigvik.
board member n. isiáàiqsuqti;
n. isiáàiqsruqti;
n. siáàiqsuqti.

blueberry bushes

bone, already gnawed ~boardwalkboast, to ~n. apqugaatchiaq.
vi. uqavigaaq-;
vt. kamasraaq-;
vt. tusrusraaq-.
boat
n. umiaq (1).
boat captain n. umialik (2).
boat frame n. saunàich (2).
boat frame (bottom part) n. akkuk (C).
boat, ice-bound ~ n. miliqqutipkaq.
boat, to build a ~ vt. umiayyi-.
boat, to make a ~ vt. umii-.
boat, watchman on a barge or ~ n. umiaàmiu.
bob, to ~ up and down (of a seal) vi. uyaktaq-.
bobbin (in a sewing machine) n. ivalliàvik.
bodyn. timi (1).
body hair n. mitqut.
bog
n. aqayaqisaaq;
n. mauyaqisaaànaq.
bogey man, the ~ n. naataq (2).
bogged down, to get ~vi. kinatchit-.
boil
n. ayuaq.
boil, to ~vi. qalat-;vi. qalaula- (2);vt. iga-.
boil, to ~ dried food vt. igamaaqâuk-.
boil, to ~ meat vi. uuruliuq-.
boil, to ~ meat or fish vt. igaapiaq-.
boil, to ~ meat/fish vt. niqniaq-.
boil, to ~ over vi. ukpit-1;
vi. ukpitaala- (2).
boil, to ~ sourdock (qauàaq) whole, without
cutting leaves vt. kimagluk-.
boiled blood broth n. qayuksraq.
boiled food n. igaaq.
boiled fresh maktak n. uunaalik.
boiled meat n. uuruq.
boiled meat or fish n. igaapiaq.
boil's core n. ayuam iñua.
bola: a rope with weights attached n. qilamitautit.
bola, to catch something with a ~ vt. qilamit-.
bold, to be ~vi. arguaäa-;
vi. kiiñaàniq-;
vi. taluqsrautaiq-;
vi. tutqaanaq- (1).
boldnessn. taluqsranàiãiq.
bolster, to ~ vt. iñuut-.
bolt (metal) n. qipyaq.
bolt of fabric n. imuaq (1);
n. kakkiaq (C).
bolt, to ~ with a crossbar vi. saniàutchiq-.
bomb, to ~ an area from the air vt. kataqsruq-.
bone
n. sauniq.
bone, already gnawed ~ n. kipchaq;
n. maäiksaq.

290bone, artist who engraves ~bounce, to ~ one heelbone, artist who engraves ~ n. saunniqiri (1).
bone lodged in the throat n. saunniutaq (2).
bone, metatarsal ~ n. iñugauraq (2).
bone, narrow end of ~ n. isivluk;boots, woman's long ~ n. sivuàaligaak.
bordern. avgun (1);n. killi.

n. isugluk (1).

bone next to a hind flipper of a seal n. quik.
bone, phalange ~ n. iñugauraq (2).
bone, porous ~ n. supluàrak.
bone ring on lasso through which rope is passed n.
uqsiq.

bone, small ~ of fish n. saunaaq (1).
bone still with meat to chew on n. kipchaq;
n. maäiksaq.
bone, to have a ~ vi. saunilik-.

bone, to have a ~ stuck in one's throat vi. saunnit-.
bones, soft immature ~ of children n. natatqulaat(1).

bony side of dried fishn. kiyipigaatchiat;
n. kuyapigatchiat (C).
bookn. makpiàaaq.
book, rolled ~ n. imuraq (1).
bookshelf n. makpiàaaqaàvik.
boom on boat n. saniàutaq (3).
boot (factory made) n. sakpakiq.
boot (finished product) n. kammiaq.
boot (hand-made of fur) n. kamik.
boot lacen. siäiq.
boot, mid-calf length ~ n. kivluatchiaq.
boot, waterproof ~ n. imaàniqqun;
n. iqaqâik;n. kivluaq;
n. mamilik;
n. piñiàaq (1);n. qaqâik;n. ulitchuiáaq.
bootleg, to ~ vi. imiqqi- (2).
bootlegger n. imiqqiri (2);n. taaääaqqiri.
boots
n. anäiqpak.
boots, caribou ~ (fur outside) n. aquptitak.

boots, summer ~ (of leather with strip-trimmedtops) n. nalukkatautik.
boots, to buy ~ vi. kaminik-.
boots, to lack ~ vi. kamäit-.
boots, to make ~ vt. kammi-.
boots, to make waterproof ~ vt. imaàniqqusri-.
boots, to own ~ vi. kaminik-.
boots, to remove one's ~ vt. kamäiq-.
boots, to repair ~ vt. kammiuq-.
boots, waist-high ~ n. kamigruak.
boots, winter ~ n. isiktuuk;n. siktuuk.

boots with soles of caribou fur inside n. tuttulik.
boots with soles of ugruk skin n. ugrulik.

291

boreal owl n. takpiiáaaàruk.
boring, to be ~ vi. alianaq- (2).
born, to have been ~ — anima-, see: ani-.
borrow, to ~ vt. attaqsi-.
borrow, to ~ something vt. atuaksraq-;
vt. atugaksraq-.

borrowed item n. atugaksraq (1).
bossn. agaayuq;
n. aäaayuqaq;
n. ataniq1 (2);n. qaukâiq;n. umialik (2).
bossy, to be ~ vi. atanàutu-.

both front flippers of seal or walrus n. taliqquk.
both nostrils n. qiääak (1).
both sides, to seek favors from ~ vi. avatmuliq-.
both, to ~ ends pos.adv. avatmun (2).
bothern. agrutaq (C) (1).
bother, to ~ vt. aavri- (C);vt. akat-1 (2);vt. aäniqsruq- (C);vt. iáaksia-;
vt. maagri-;vt. papri-;vt. sanmikãiq-2.
bothersome, to be ~ vi. papriñaq-.
bottlen. misuàuqtuun (1);n. nakasruääuaq.
bottle, baby ~ n. miluksuun.
bottomn. ataa;n. nataaq;
n. natiq;n. natqa.
bottom back of parka hood n. quäusiñiq (2).
bottom part (not visible) n. samnaaq.
bottomless, to be ~ vi. natiqsiñait-.
bottommost one n. alliq;
n. atliq.
bottommost, the one ~ vi. alliu-;
vi. atliu-.
bottommost, to be the ~ vi. natiqãit-.
bottoms (made of ugruk) n. tutnaaq (2).
bounce, to ~ vi. mitiglaaq-;
vi. mitigrak-;vi. pigliq-;
vi. qipsak-;vi. qirgiataq- (2).
bounce, to ~ back vi. utiàrak- (1).
bounce, to ~ (hitting a bump) vi. qaäataâik-.
bounce, to ~ off vi. piksak-.
bounce, to ~ one heel vt. kikmiaq-.

bounce, to cause to ~ away
bounce, to cause to ~ away vt. qipsaktit-.
bouncy manner, to walk in a ~ vi.
qulvaukkatchiaq-.

bouncy, to be ~ vi. pigla-;
vi. piglaàik-.

bound, to ~ with joy vi. qirgiataq- (2).
bown. sivuàun (1).
bow and arrow n. qaàrupiaq;
n. qiluiññaq.

bow for operating a drill bit (drillstock equivalent)n. pisiksiàaq (1).

bow (hunting) n. pisiksi.
bow of umiaq n. sivu2 (1).
bow, small ~ for hunting n. pisiksiàaq (2).
bow, to ~ vi. punäa-.
bow, to ~ down vi. sikit-.
bow, to ~ one's head and close one's eyes (as when
praying) vi. siqunàiq-.
bow, to ~ out of respect vi. pullak-.
bow, to draw a ~ vt. qilu-2 (3).
bow, unwound ~ n. qiluiññaq.
bowl
n. iáuligauraq;
n. piäalu.

bow-legged person
bow-legged, to be ~n. iqãiäaaq.
vi. ipáuäa-;
vi. iqãiäa-;
vi. iváuäa-.
bow-legged, to walk ~ vi. iqãiqtaq-.
bowstring n. nuqaqti.
box
n. suluun (1).
box, to ~vi. qakiqtaq- (1);vi. tigluaq-;
vt. qakiq-.
boxer (professional) n. qakiqtautraqti.
boxing glove n. qakiqtaun.
boxing match, to have a ~ vi. qakiqtautraq-.
boyn. aäugauraq;
n. aäutaiyaaq (C);n. nukatpiaàruk.
boy friend n. aäutnuniq.
boy, young ~ n. nukatpialugruaq.
brace
n. niuàaun (2).
brace, supportive ~ for lashing n. tuurvik.
braceletn. taliàmiutaq;
n. tayaànaun.
brag, to ~ vi. uqavigaaq-.
braggart
n. uqavikti.
braid
n. tuvlich.
braid, to ~ vt. piáàaq-.
braid, to ~ a harness vt. qulivraq- (C) (2).
braid, to ~ hair vt. tuvliliq-.
braid, to ~ seal intestine around blubber vt.
qulivraq- (C) (1).
braid, to ~ with four strings vi. tulimamiktaq-.

break, to ~ (of waves)
braided, something ~ n. piáàaaq.
brain
n. qaqisaq.
brain problem, to have a ~ vi. niaquàiit- (2).
brake rod n. pauktaun.
branchn. akiàuq (1);n. qisiqsiun.

branches (for floor covering)n. allirrat;
n. atliat;
n. atlirrat.
brand
n. nalunaitmiutaq (1);n. nalunaitäutaq.
brand, to ~ vt. nalunaitäutchiq-.
brant, black ~ n. niàliqnaq.
brass
n. patukpak;
n. uvluyuiáaq.
brass sharpener n. kikâiñ.
brassieren. milugutik.
brave, to be ~ vi. naäiit-;
vi. saavit- (C) (3).
brazen, to be ~ vi. iáisimaniraaq-;
vi. iáisimatluäniraaq- (1).
bread
n. qaqqiaq.
bread dough n. punniksraq;
n. qaqqiaksraq.
bread (made with yeast) n. punniq.
bread, the end of a loaf of ~ n. isugluk (2).
bread, to make ~ vi. punniliuq-.
breadstuffs, such as bread, biscuit, etc.. n.
qaqquq.
break
n. kikiniq;
n. navik.
break, to ~ vi. navik-;
vi. piurraaq- (2);vt. piyaqtai-;vt. piyaqtaq-;
vt. siquv-.
break, to ~ a leg vi. niugaaq-.
break, to ~ (amniotic sac) vi. iàñisuliq- (1);vi. imàiqsi-.
break, to ~ at the knee vi. sitquaq-1.
break, to ~ down vi. piyaq-.
break, to ~ down emotionally vi. anuqsruit-.
break, to ~ (from long-time use)
vi. napi-.
break, to ~ in half vt. napliq-.
break, to ~ in two vt. avik- (1);
vt. naviksi-.
break, to ~ loose vt. qauqtiq-.
break, to ~ (of a sled) vi. uvkulik-.
break, to ~ (of asled) vi. upkulik-.
break, to ~ (of day) vi. qau-;
vi. uvluq-.
break, to ~ (of thread, esp. sinew) vi. taak-1.
break, to ~ (of waves) vi. qaaq- (2);vi. saàaaq-.

292

break, to ~ off a piecebroken, to be ~ (eye of a needle )break, to ~ off a piece vt. kiki-.
break, to ~ off (of ice) vi. tuvaiyaq-;

breezevi. uit- (2).

break, to ~ off (of ice or river bank)vt.
irukkaaq-.
break, to ~ one's arm vi. talliaq-1.
break, to ~ out (of a rash) vi. qaaqtuq- (2).
break, to ~ silence vi. aipallak-.
break, to ~ snowshoe netting vi. nuluaq- (2).
break, to ~ someone's arm vt. talliaq-2.
break, to ~ trail vi. tuvli-;
vt. tumitchiali-.
break, to ~ under tension vi. kiktuàaq-.
break, to ~ up vt. siquptiq-.
break, to ~ up (of river ice) vi. sikkiqi-;
vi. sikuliqiaqsi-;
vi. supi- (1).
break, to ~ (with teeth) vt. qaqquq-.
break, to cause to ~ vt. siqummaq-2.
break, to take a ~ vi. uvli- (2).
breaker (wave) n. iäiulikpak;
n. qaaqtaq.
breakfastn. itquttaq.
breakfast, to cook ~ vt. itqutchiuq-.
breakfast, to eat ~ vt. itqutchiq-.
breast bone n. sakiak.
breast cover n. satqagun.
breast meat n. allak (2);n. allatchiaq.
breast of bird n. qatik;n. tuttuuraq.
breast, whole ~ n. miluk (1).
breast-feed, to ~ vt. amaamak- (C);vt. miluktit-.
breastplate n. qatigaaàun.
breasts (of human) n. qatigaak.
breathn. aniàniq;n. aniqsaaàniq.
breath, to be out of ~ vi. iáunäuq-.
breath, to be short of ~ vi. ipya-;vi. ivyanäu- (C).
breath, to be unable to catch one's ~ vi.
ivrauttuq-.
breath, to hold one's ~ vi. ui- (2).
breath, to struggle for ~ vi. ipyanäuqtuq-;
vi. ivyanäuqtuq- (C).
breathevi. aniqsaaq-.
breathe, to ~ heavily (sleeping) vi. siñaaqsruk-.
breathe, to ~ weakly vi. aniànitchiaq-.
breathing hole n. simiksuun.
breech, to deliver by ~ vi. kiñutmuäa-.
breech-birth n. kiñutmuäaraq.
breeches (fur) n. qaàliik (1).
breed dogs, to ~ for a team vt. qipmiái-.

293

n. anuqsralaaq;
n. aqâanaaq.
breeze, light ~ n. anuqsraaàuraaq;
n. aqâayaaq (C).
breezy, to be ~ vi. aqâanaaq-.
brewed, to become ~ (of tea) vi. kipit-1 (1).
briden. iáaqatnikkumaaàataqtuaq;n. iáaqatniäniaqtuaq;
n. katchuutityaqtuaq.
bridegroom n. uiksraun.
bride-to-be n. nuliaksraun.
bridgen. ikaaàun;n. ikkautaq.
bridging pole n. ikkaun.
bridlen. kiämiaq (1);n. niaquun (1);n. qamugviutaq;
n. qaqâuàun;n. qimugviutaq;
n. qimuutaq.
bridle, to ~ an animal vt. kiämialiq-.
bright, to be ~ vi. qaummaàik- (1);vi. siqiññaaàik-.
bright, to be ~ from moonlight vi. tatqiaàik-.
bright, to be too ~ vi. qitñaànaq-.
brightness n. qaummaàiäñiq.

brightness on horizon (indicating presence of ice
on ocean) n. qunäuq.
brim
n. kaivraàun.
bring, to ~ vt. aggiuti-;
vt. agraq- (1);vt. aksi-.

bring, to ~ a gift of food or supplies vi. payuk-.
bring, to ~ along vt. aullati- (1).
bring, to ~ back from the beach vt. kiluvauti-.
bring, to ~ back (with oneself) vt. utqutri-.
bring, to ~ fire wood inside vt. qiruksi-.
bring, to ~ in vt. itqurri-;
vt. itquti-;
vt. itqutri-.
bring, to ~ inside vt. isiuti-.

bring, to ~ something ashore vt. tulauti-.
bring, to ~ to a destination vt. tikiuti-.
bring, to ~ to the surface vt. qagvaq-2.
bring, to ~ up from underground vt. qagvaq-2.
bringhtness on snow in January n. qaupaaqsaaq.
brisketn. sakiak.
brittle, to be ~ vi. aqit- (2).
broad jump, to do a ~ vi. avluàaatchiaq-.
broken leg, one who has a ~ n. niugaaqtaq.
broken section (as in wood) n. kikkaq.
broken, to be ~ vi. iâuit- (2);vi. siqupti-.

broken, to be ~ (eye of a needle )vi. irraaqtaq-.

broken, to have a ~ part
broken, to have a ~ part vi. piurraaq- (1).
bronchial tube n. qigáuk.
bronzen. patukpak;
n. uvluyuiáaq.

brood, to ~ vi. itquäa-;

vi. iva- (2);vt. itquq-.
brook
n. kuugauraq.
brook trout n. kuuàuàmiutaq.
broom
n. salikuun;n. sanäiyautit;
n. tilaààisit.
broth mixed with blood n. qayusaaq (C).
broth of meat or fish n. imiàaq.
broth, to prepare ~ with blood vi. qatchiuq-.
brother-in-law n. niäauk;n. nukaunàuq;
n. sakiàaq.
brow of a human n. qavlunaaq.
browbeat, to ~ vt. taluqsralliaài-.
brown, to ~ flour vt. iligraaq-;
vt. iligriuq- (C);vt. iliktitaq-.
brown, to make ~ vt. iliktaaäu-.
bruisen. anaàniq (C)1;
n. anaqtinniq;
n. arriqsinniq (1);n. piyuaàniq (1);n. taaqtinniq;
n. tigluuraq.
bruise from a pinch n. putyuäniq.
bruise, to ~ vt. anaqtit-;
vt. arriqsit-.
bruise, to ~ one's shin vi. qiäarraaq-.
bruised, to get ~ vi. tigluuraq-.
brush off snow, tool used to ~ n. tuluktuun.
brush off, to ~ vt. tuluktuq-.
brush, to ~ against vt. tati-1.
brush, to ~ along something vi. tatimmiraq- (2).
brush, to ~ clothes vt. suluktuq-.
brusque, to be ~ vi. avakäaaq-.
bubble, air ~ n. qalak (1).
bubble (air from underwater) n. puvlak.
bubble (from underwater) n. puvla (1);n. qalaliaq.
bubble, to ~ up vi. puvlak-1 (1).
bubble, to ~ vigorously vi. qalaula- (2).
bubblesn. qapukâuk.
bubbles, to form ~ under water vi. puvlaktuula-.
bucketn. imaikuvik;
n. kataivik;
n. qattaq.
bucklen. nuàlu.
buckshotn. qaàruayaaqpak;

burrow
n. qaàruurat.

budding growthn. nagguviksraq.
budge, to ~ vt. qanäui-;vt. qanäuq-;vt. qatäuq-.

buff-breasted sandpiper n. atqagiiáaq.
building
n. tuppiruaq.
bulky item n. iruànaq.
bulletn. qaàruq.
bullet, to make a ~ vi. savaqi-.
bullheadn. kakiááaànaq (C) (1);

n. kakitáaànaq (1);
n. kanayuq.
bully, to ~ a smaller childvt. qiari-.
bumblebee n. igutchaq.
bump, to ~ vi. apuq-.
bump, to ~ one's head vt. kati- (2).
bundlen. qipitaq.
bundle of five n. igáut (1).
bundle of things tied together n. qiáiqtat.
bundle, one ~ of dried fish n. iqmaktat.
buoy
n. puktaàun;n. puptaàun;n. puptaqutaq.
burbotn. titaalik.
burdenn. nanmak (1);n. natmak (1).
burlap sack n. aluaqsaun;
n. miisuk.
burn (any surface) n. uunniq.
burn (injury) n. uutiqtinniq.
burn, to ~ vi. iki- (2);vi. ikuma-.
burn, to ~ food in a pot vi. niviuq-.
burn, to ~ intensely vi. ikuala-.
burn, to ~ trash vt. ikipkaq-.
burn, to ~ well vi. ikualaaàik-.
burned, to smell ~ vi. ikisuänit-.
burning, altar for ~ incense n. isiqsitaàvik
tipraàiksautmik.
burning, to emit odor of ~ vi. iliänit-.
burning wood, place smelling of ~ n.
puyuaqtitaaàvik.
burnt food, to have the smell of ~ vi. niviuànit-.
burnt, to become ~ vi. uutiq-;
vi. uutiqtit-.
burnt tree n. ikiniq;
n. iliäniq.
burp
n. qalak (2).
burp, to ~ vi. niksaak-;vi. qalak-.
burp, to have a wet ~ (of a baby) vi. sisugiaq-.
burrown. sisi;n. sisiq.

294

burst, to ~campfire

burst, to ~vi. ittuaäait-;vi. kuksraq-;vi. suraàa-.
busy, to keep ~ vi. suraàaala-.
but
conj. aglaan.
butcher, to ~ vt. piáak- (1).

vi. piksagaala-;
vi. qaaq- (1);vi. siqummaq-1.
burst, to ~ into flames vi. ikniàuula-;
vi. qiputit-;vi. qutäuàauraaq-.
burst, to ~ on a hard edge (twine) vt. qipliq-.
burst, to ~ out laughing vi. iglaqhauq- (C);vi. iglaraaq-;
vi. sipkiq- (1).
burst, to ~ out singing vi. atuusiq- (C);vi. atuusriq-.
bury, to ~ vt. argauti- (C);vt. iáuviq-;
vt. iáuviqsi-;
vt. irii-;
vt. iriq-;
vt. sau- (2);vt. tuvvaq-.
bury, to ~ a caribou carcass vt. piàuri-.
bustle, to ~ vi. tiqtala-.
busy, to be ~ vi. apta-;
vi. ittuanàit-;butt (caribou fighting with antlers) n. nagruktitaq.
butt, to ~vt. nagruuti-;
vt. tuluq-1.

buttern. para.
butterfly
n. qalukisaq.
buttocks (of a person) n. iqquk (1).
buttocks (pelvis and hips) n. uati (2).
buttonn. naktuàiq;buy, to ~n. tuutauraq.
vt. aquviq-;
vt. niuviq- (2);vt. piksraq- (2);vt. tauqsiq-.

buy, to ~ on charge account vt. niààiuqsruq- (2).
buyer
n. tauqsiqsuktuaq.

C - c
cache

n. saigut;
n. saiyut.

cache, of lemmings or mice n. nivi (2);n. nivit;
n. pikniq (1);n. piäniq (1).
cache, underground ~ n. qiqitchiuvik;
n. siàáuaq.
calendarn. tatqiqsiutit.
calf, during first winter n. nuààaaàruk.
calf, during second winter n. nuààaatchiaq.
calf muscle (of caribou) n. siääiq (1).
calf muscle of the human leg
n. kanasruänaq.
calf, newborn ~ n. nuààiayaaq.
calf of the caribou leg n. siääiq (2).
calf skin (of a newborn) n. nuààayuaq.
call, to ~ a bird vt. qalàusraaq- (1).
call, to ~ by name vt. ququaq-;
vt. ququula-.
call, to ~ dogs with smacking noises vi.
tapsiqsuq-.
call, to ~ for its young (of an animal) vi. qiñu(1).
call, to ~ from a distance vt. tuqâuula-.
call, to ~ (of a loon) vi. aaàaaq-.
call, to ~ someone vt. tuqâuq-.
call, to ~ to outside vt. tuqâuàiaq-.

295

call to dogs to turn left excl. gee.
call to dogs to turn right excl. haa!
call, to imitate the ~ of the ptarmigan vi.
qaqaula-.

callusn. aluàruaq.
callus on heel n. maunniq.
callus, to develop ~ on one's heels vi. maunni-.
calm down, to ~ vi. qiñuiq-.
calm, to ~ down vi. anuàaiq-.
calm, to be ~ vi. aäuyautait-;vi. qiñuisaaq-1;
vi. quunniq- (1);vi. siaksruit-;
vi. suamait-;
vi. tuaksruit-.
calm, to become ~ vi. qasuaq-;
vi. qasruaq-.

calm, to become ~ (of weather) vi. allaqtit- (2).
calm water n. quunniq (1).
camel
n. pikukturuaq.
cameran. agliutriñ.
camp robber
n. kiiriq.
camp, seasonal ~ n. inituàliq.
camp, to go to one's ~ vi. aullaaq-.
camper (spending the summer in camp) n.
campfire

auriruaq.
n. iggavik;

campfire, food cooked on ~n. iknipiaq;
n. niqniaàvik.

campfire, food cooked on ~ n. iknipiaqtaq.
campfire, to build a ~ vt. ignikkauq- (C);vt. iknikkauq-.

campfire, to cook on a ~ vt. iknipiaqtaq-.
camping pack n. natmagvik.
camping place n. nullaàvik.
Canada goose n. iqsraàutilik.
Canada Jay n. kiiriq.
cancel, to ~ a trip (caused by dangerous weather)vt. naäiaqtuu-.

candlen. kialuuraq.
candle stick n. kialuqaàvik.
candy
n. nuäuraaq;

n. uqummiaqataaq.

cane
n. ayaupiaq (1).
canine tooth n. tuluàiaq (1).
canvas (to keep cold air out) n. taluiáisaq;
n. taluqutaq.

canvas, waterproof ~ n. kalikuàruaq.
canyonn. ipnaàruich.
cap
n. nasauti (C);n. nasraun.

capable, to seem ~ vi. nikanait- (2).
capacity, to have a large load ~ vi. utchiqsu-.
capacity, to have a small load ~ vi. utchikit-.
capen. uligaaq;

n. ulikataaq.
vi. kiñäu-;vi. kitñu-;
vi. paâuq-.
capsize, to ~ in a qayaq vi. qayau-.
capsize, to ~ (of a boat) vi. umiu-.
captivity
n. tigutaaàvik (2).
carafen. kaavilliuàun (C) (2).
carcass, covered with earth n. nunataq.
carcass of sea mammal, drifted ashore n. siáu.
cards, to play ~ vt. kaattaq-.
care
n. qaunakkun.
care, to ~ for vt. qaunaksri-.
care, to take ~ of vt. munaài-;
vt. munaqsri-.
careful, to be ~ vi. qaunatqiaàik-;vi. qaunatqik-.
careful, to be ~ (with possessions) vi. suqatqik-.
careless, to be ~ vi. iáaksiit-;
vi. itchaäa-;
vi. kalikâuu-;vi. munatqiit-;
vi. qaunatqiaàiit-;
vi. qaunatqiit-;
vi. suqatqiit-.
caress, to ~ vt. patalài-.

capsize, to ~carry, to ~ along
caretaker
cargo

n. munaqsri.
n. usiaq;
n. usriaq.
caribou
n. tuttu;
n. tuttupiaq.
caribou, barren ~ n. aimmaànaq (C);n. nagruiáaq;
n. nuààitáaiqsauq.
caribou botfly n. miluyuuq.
caribou bull n. paäniq.
caribou bull in rut n. nuliaàniq.
caribou bull, large ~ (just matured) n.
nukatagaaàruk.
caribou bull, nearly full grown n. nukatagaaluk.
caribou bull, one year old
n. aäayukâiàaq.
caribou bull, three years old n. aäayukâitqik;
n. nukatagaq.
caribou bull, two year old n. nukatagauraq.
caribou bull, two years old n. aäayukâiaàruk;n. aäayukâiq (2).
caribou carcass, buried ~ n. piàuraq (2).
caribou carcass, to bury a ~ vt. piàuri-.
caribou cow n. kulavak.
caribou cow, old ~ n. kulavagruatchiaq.
caribou cow, very old skinny ~ n.
kulavagruatchauraq.
caribou cow with fawn n. nuààalik.
caribou cow without a calf n. nuààaiáaq.
caribou cow, young ~ n. kulavauraq.
caribou, first stomach of ~ n. qisaàuaq;n. qisraàuaq.
caribou hair on clothing n. sanik (3).
caribou meat, tenderized ~ n. piàuraq (1).
caribou neck skin n. quäiaq.
caribou skin, dyed n. nunaäiaktaq.
caribou skin, tanned ~ n. iáiànilik (2);n. iáiqnilik (2).
caribou skin used for bedding n. uqumman.
caribou stomach (filled with fat) n. kivviq.
caricature, to ~ vi. iqãaäa-;
vt. iquraq- (2).
carnality
n. kaäiàruaqtaq.
carpentern. qirriqiri (1).
carrier, bearer n. natmakti.
carry, to ~ vt. akigaq- (C);vt. akiyaq-;
vt. tigummiaq-.
carry, to ~ a backpack vt. nanmak-;vt. natmak-.
carry, to ~ a load vt. usikataq-.
carry, to ~ along vt. itqurri-;
vt. itquti-;
vt. itqutri-;
vt. saagaài-.

296

carry, to ~ an infant on shoulders

censercarry, to ~ an infant on shoulders vt. kakaaq-.
carry, to ~ armfuls vt. akigauraq- (C);vt. akiyauraq-.

catch, to ~ with a hook vt. akikaq-2.
catch up, to ~ vt. aäu- (2).
cater, to ~ someone's needs vt. pamat-;vt. akiyiuti-.

catering service n. pamarrun.
caterpillar n. aurviq.
catkin of willow n. qipmiuraq (3).
cat's cradle n. ayakhaaq.
cat's cradle, to do ~ while telling a story

carry, to ~ away (person, trapped on broken-office) vt. tuvaiyauti-.
carry, to ~ between arms and body vt. iqisimaaq-.
carry, to ~ fire wood inside vt. qiruksi-.
carry, to ~ on back vt. akigiuti- (C);carry, to ~ on one's head vt. kavraàmik-;
vt. niaquàmik-.

vt. iqsruk-.

vt. natmak-.

vt. nanmak-;carry, to ~ something in the front of one's snow
shirt or apron vt. kiñiàvik-.
carry, to ~ something under one's chin vt.
manuàmik-.

carry, to ~ under one's arm vt. uniàmik-.
carry, to ~ using two people vt. igáuktuuàuti-.
carry, to ~ with one's hands or arms vt. saagaq-.
carry, to ~ young vi. amaaq-.
carrying container n. saagaàvik.
carrying pole n. saagaun.
cartilagen. ikik (2);n. natatquq;
n. nukik;n. nuvuliksrat.
cartridge
n. itiàruk (2).
cartridge, empty ~ n. itiàrukpak.
carve, to ~ vi. sana-.
casen. suluun (1).
castn. kiksutaq.

casting, the ~ of lots (in gambling) n.
nalautchaaàaâiq (2).

castrate, to ~ vt. igruiq-.
castrated bull n. igruiqsaq.
casually, to work ~vi. qaapiàuq-.
casualty
n. piyaquq.
catn. kiriuraq.
catapult, bone ~ used for hurling stonesvi.

ayakhaaq-.
Caucasian n. naluaàmiu.
caudal fin n. sipik.
caught, to be ~ vi. akikaq-1;
vi. naat-.

carry, to ~ on one's shoulder vt. iqsriq-;
carry, to ~ on the backvt. pamatchi-.

n.

mitigligaun.

cataract (opacity of the lens) n. quviqti (1);n. ulik (2).

cataract, to have a ~ vi. ulik-.
catch a cold, to ~ vi. nuvaksi-.
catch, to ~ vt. akkauq- (1);vt. akkiq-;
vt. akkiqsiq-.

catch, to ~ fish (quantity) vi. qalliqi- (2).
catch, to ~ game of the sea vt. niqsaq-.
catch, to ~ game on land vt. aäuq- (1).
catch, to ~ something with a bola vt. qilamit-.

297

caught, to be ~ in a snowstorm vi.

qanigruaàuutipchaq-.

caught, to be ~ in a storm vi. anuqâiàuutipkaq-;

vi. aäniàuutipchaq-.
vi. qaiáàuti-;
vi. qaiáàuutipkaq-.
caught, to get ~ vi. aäukkau-;
vi. kuvraq-1.
caulk, to ~ (a house) vt. upsiqsruq-;
vt. uvsiqsruq-.
caulk, to ~ the seams (of a boat) vt. uukaq-.
caulking
n. upsiqsruun;n. uvsiqsruun.
cause for a disease n. naäirrun (2).
cause for growth n. naggun (1).
cause for trouble n. agviñ;
n. navgiñ.
cause of death n. tuqqun.
cause, to ~ s.o. to leave offended vt. qivri-.
caution, to ~vt. unniqsuq-.
cautious, to be ~ vi. anayagi-;
vi. iññiäait-;vi. kiliäa-;
vi. munaqnaq- (2);vi. nuyuaq-2 (1).
caven. qaiàusuk;
n. sisiq.
cave, eroded ~ (in ice or on land) n. qaanaaq.
caw, to ~ (of a raven) vi. qaaqtuq- (1);vi. qalàuq-.
CB radion. uqautitaq.
cease, to ~ vi. aäniàiq-.
ceiling
n. qiáak (2).
ceiling beam n. tuutraq.
celebrate, to ~ vi. anniviáit-;vi. apuàautituq- (C).
celebrate, to ~ someone vt. kamaqsruq-.
celery, wild ~ n. ikuusuk.
cellar, ice ~ n. siàáuaq.
censern. ikipkaiviáiaq.

caught, to be ~ in rough watercensure, to ~chickadee, brown-capped ~censure, to ~ vt. iâuigi-.
certain, to be ~ vi. nalupqinaiq-.
chafe, to ~ vi. kiáik-.
chaff
n. sanik (2).
chain
n. kalimñiq;

charm
n. tupitkaq.
chase, to ~ vt. malikkataq-.
chase, to ~ an animal away vt. uäut- (2).
chase, to ~ an animal toward a waiting huntern. pituk;n. pituutaq.
chain, one link of a ~ n. qipáiq.
chain saw n. uluaqsuun.
chain, to ~ vt. pituk-;
vt. pituqqit-.
chained, to be ~ vt. pituqaq-.
chainsaw, to use a ~ n. uluaqsuutitaq-.
chair
n. aquppiutaq.
chair, to build a ~ vt. aquppiutchi-.
challenge, to ~ vt. anakkisaaq- (C);vt. anaksisaaq-.
chamber pot n. quàvik.
chance, to ~ upon another vt. nalaurruti-.
changen. simmiãiq.

change gender, to ~ (from male to female in thewomb or during birth, of a fetus;
mythical) vi. sipáuq-.
change, to ~ vi. atlaàuq-;vi. kiput-.

change, to ~ clothes

vt. akiaàaqtaaq- (2);vt. simmiàaaq-.
change, to ~ direction vi. mumiqqaq-.

change, to ~ gender (from male to female in thewomb or during birth, of a fetus;
mythical) vi. sipi-.
change, to ~ one's position vi. nuut-2 (2).
change, to ~ someone's direction vt. saqutit-.
change, to need ~ in one's daily routine vi.
aliiqsriqsuaq-.

change, to return ~ vt. simmiksrit-.
changeable, to be ~ vi. atlanaq-.
channel, connecting ~ of river n. kuuàuuraq.
channel, dry river ~ n. kurritñiq.
chapped, to be ~ vi. amiàái-.
chaptern. avgun (2).
charactern. irrusiq (C);n. irrusriq.

character change, to undergo a ~(2).

characteristic (of a person)

vt. mumik-2

n. qanusriuâiq;n. sutqusiq.
charcoaln. auma (1);n. aumaraq (1);n. irgiun.
charge, a legal ~ n. uqaqsitaaq.
charge, to ~ an account vt. akiqsruq- (1).
chariot
n. tuttuqpagaun;
n. tuttuqpiraun.

vt. uäu-;vt. uäut- (1).
chase, to ~ caribou vt. tuvaaq- (2).
chase, to ~ men vt. aäusiqi-.
chase, to ~ women vt. aàniqiniuraq-.
chasm
n. ikaaànaq.
chatter, to ~ (of teeth) vi. agliàula-.
chatter, to ~ of teeth vi. kapkaluk-.
chatter, to ~ (of teeth) vi. tatiàiáa-.
cheap, to be ~ vi. akiit-.
cheat, to ~ vt. aqsak- (2).
check, to ~ on vi. takullak-;
vt. qimilàu-;
vt. taku-;
vt. takuqataaq-.
check, to ~ one's traps vt. pulasaq-.
check, to ~ the weather vi. nuiááak-.
checker pattern n. igluuralik (C).
checker piece n. taammak.
checkered item n. igaliàraq.
checkered, to be ~ vi. igaliääualik-.
checkers, to play ~ vi. taammak-.
cheekn. iqsraq;
n. uluak.
cheer, to ~ vi. aviu- (1).
cheer, to ~ long and loud vi. aviuliq- (C);vi. aviuâiq-.
cheer, to ~ up vt. quviasraaq-.
cheerful, to be ~ vi. alianait- (2);vi. kaamasraaq-.
chef
n. igari.
cherish, to ~ vt. suqutigi-.
chest
n. kian;n. satqak;
n. suluun (1).
chew (something being chewed) n. tamuaq.
chew, to ~ vt. aäula- (C) (2);vt. takuq-;
vt. tamuq-2.
chew, to ~ seal skin (for soles) vt. kiämaq-.
chew, to ~ tobacco vt. uiáaaq-;
vt. uqummiaq- (2).
chew, to be difficult to ~ vi. matäait-.
chewing gum n. kutchuun;n. puvliànaq;n. puvliàniq.
chewing tobacco n. uiáaaksraq;
n. uqummiaksraq;
n. uqummiaq.
chickadee, brown-capped ~ n. iknisaiáaq.

298

chicken pox, to have ~chicken pox, to have ~chide, to ~ vt. aiva-1;

circumcisionvi. pupik- (2).

vt. inniiááak-.

chide, to ~ each other vt. aivvati-.
chief
n. qaukâiq.
child
n. illiliàaaq (C);n. iáaalugruaq;
n. iáiágaaq;
n. iyaalugruaq;
n. miqâiqtuq (C);n. qitunàaq.
child, person with ~ n. iáaalugrualik;n. iyaalugrualik.
child, to calm a ~ vt. iáaalugruuq-;
vt. iyaalugruuq-.
child, youngest ~ n. nukaqâiq.
childbirth n. iàñisruk.

childhood, ~ item (food eaten or thing used) n.
iñuguun.

child's sled n. sisuàaaàutik;
n. sisuraàautit.

chilled, to become ~ vi. qiunäuliq-.
chills, to feel sudden ~ vi. qiunäusraaàaq-.
chilly, to be ~ vi. qiunäunaq-.
chimney (house) n. puyuàvik.
chimney sweeper n. paulliqiri.
chinn. tavlu.
chin tattoo n. tavluàun.
chin, the lower part of the ~ n. qakiàluk.
china dish n. qikãiq;n. saasrhaq (2).

chink, to ~ vt. upsiqsruq-;
vt. uvsiqsruq-.

chinking, sod ~ n. sauvaniq.
chipn. iqãaaàniq.
chip in china or enamel dish n. uliq.
chip, to ~ vi. iqãaaq-;
vi. kikâuq-;vi. uliaq-.

chip, to ~ (of enamel or china) vt. uliq-.
chipped, to be ~ vi. naqtuq-.
chisel, to ~ vt. tuuq-.
chives, wild ~ n. paatitaaq (1).
choicen. nalliaâiq.
choice of songs n. atugaksraq (2).
choice of words n. uqausiq;
n. uqqiq.

choice piece of fur (wolf or wolverine)n.

pigigñiq.
choir
n. atuqtit.
choke, to ~ vi. niàiáik-;vi. simik-1;
vi. tivit-;
vi. tivrusiq-;299

vt. irukkai-;
vt. nagguviksraiq-;
vt. nunu- (2).
choleric, to be ~ vi. iñugiit- (1).
choose, to ~ vi. naliaq-;
vi. naliàak- (1);
vt. nalunaiqsi- (2);vt. piksraq- (1);
vt. tigusri- (1).
choose, to ~ selfishly vt. isivàiq-;vt. sivàiq-.
choosy, to be ~ about food vi. qiññaq- (2).
chop, to ~ with an axe vt. anauttaq-.
chop, to ~ with an ice chisel vt. tuuq-.
chopped wood n. qirriat.
chopped-up ugruk intestine (delicacy) n. qiaq (1).
chopping board n. arvik (C) (1);
n. kaugvik (1).
chosen item n. piksraqtaaq.
chosen person n. nalunaiqsaq (2);n. piksraqtaaq.
Christn. anniqsuqti akiqsruutaurauq.
Christiann. agaayusriqirauq.
Christian, to become a ~ vi. qait-1.
Christian way of life n. agaayyutikuaàiaq.
Christmas celebration n. agaayuniqpak.
chuck (mouthpiece of a drill) n. kiämiaq (2).
chuckle, to ~ quietly vi. tipsisuuraq-.
church building n. agaayyuvik;
n. aäaayyuvik.
church songs n. agaayyutikun atuutit.
church: the believers n. agaayusriqiraut;n. ukpiqsriraut.
church worker n. agaayyuviáiqiri.
churn, to ~ vi. qalat-.
cigar
n. sikaaànaq;n. sikaaqpak.
cigarette
n. sikaaq.
cigarette ashes, ~ n. sikaakuq.
cigarette butt n. kippakuq;
n. sikaaàruaq.
cigarette, hand-rolled ~ n. imuraq (2).
circlen. kaivaàniq;n. kaivraàniq.
circle, to ~ (of birds) vi. niviuq-.
circle, to ~ something vt. kaivaluisaaq- (C);vt. kaivluksaaq-;
vt. kaivraaq-;
vt. puuq-.
circle, to sit in a ~ vi. kaivaaàni-;vi. kaivraaqtit-.
circular tent with one central pole n. nappaqtaq1.
circumcise, to ~ vt. nalunaitäutchiq-.
circumcision n. nalunaitäutchiãiq.

circumcision (Bible)
circumcision (Bible) n. nalunaitmiutaq (2);n. nalunaitäutaq (2).
citizenn. nunaaqqiàmiu.
city
n. iniqpak (C) (1);n. nunaaqqiq;
n. nunauruat.
city councilman n. ataniääuaq.
city dweller n. nunaaqqiàmiu.
clack, to ~ (with one's teeth) vi. kapkaq-.
claim, to ~ something vt. piññaktaaq-.
clamn. kigirauraq;
n. uviáu;
n. uviáuq.
clan
n. iàñiàutit.
clang, to ~ vi. kausugruk-.
clap, to ~vi. pattakula-;
vt. patik-1.
classroom n. iáisautrivik.
clavicle (collar bone) n. qutuk.

claw, metal ~ (used to scratch ice and attract seals)
n. kumigaun (1).
n. qiku.
vt. nanuiqi-;
vt. natchiqi-;
vt. salummaq-;
vt. suaqâuiq-.
clean, to ~ a gun barrel vt. paulaiyaq- (1).
clean, to ~ an animal skin (in tanning) vt. saluksi-.
clean, to ~ berries vt. tiktittaq-.
clean, to ~ out an animal carcass vi. niqâiqi- (1).
clean, to ~ soles vt. aluiyaq-.
clean, to be ~ vi. ipqit-;
vi. puyait-;vi. qukinaq-;
vi. saluma-.
clean, to become ~ vi. ipqiq-.
cleanern. paulaiyaun (2).
cleaning rag n. allaàun (1).
cleaning rod n. allaàun (2);n. paulaiyaun (1).
cleaning tool n. salummaun.
cleanliness n. salumaun.
cleanse, to ~vt. uaq- (1).
clear, to ~ one's throat vi. imäiqsaq- (1).
clear, to be ~ vi. isuit- (C) (2);vi. isruit- (2);vi. nalunait- (1);vi. qaummaàik- (2);vi. qaummaq-;
vi. sukuit-.
clear, to be ~ weather vi. allaqtuq- (C);vi. niptaq-.
clear, to become ~ vi. nalunaiq- (1);vi. sukuiq-1.

clay
clean, to ~closest, person ~ to outside door
clear, to become ~ weather vi. allaqtit- (1).
clearing
n. natiànaq.
cleft in a rock n. qupiniq.
clench, to ~ vi. paaruk-;
vt. paa-2 (1).

clench, to ~ one's fists vt. qiiligruk-.
clench, to ~ one's jaws vt. kigimmi- (1).
clever, to be ~ vi. pisaasuu-.
cliff
n. piäuluk.
cliff (overhang) n. ipnaq (1).
cliff, steep ~n. maniiáaq (3).
cliff swallow n. tulugaànaq (1).
climb, to ~ vi. mayuq-.
climb, to ~ by holding on with finger tips vi.
pakiñik-2.

climb, to ~ by shinnying vi. quumigaq-;
vi. quumik-1.

climb, to ~ on a person

vi. mayualik-1;
vi. mayuqtuàaq-.
clitorisn. usruuraq.
cloak
n. siáatiàuaq.
clockn. sassaq (2);n. siqiñàuraq;
n. tuqtuqtaq.
clock hand n. taliq (2).
clogged, to get ~ (of a net) vi. nunanaq-.
closeadj. qani.
close, to ~ vt. quut- (2);vt. umik-.
close, to ~ a door vi. talu-;
vt. upkuaq-.
close, to ~ a meeting vt. iñiqsaaq-;
vt. qasruqsaaq-.
close, to ~ an opening vt. milik-;
vt. mulik-.
close, to ~ in vt. quààuti-2.
close, to ~ one's eyes vi. qiksumiraaq-;
vi. siqpiämik-;vi. siqunàiq-.
close, to ~ one's mouth vi. ipummiq-;
vt. upummiq-;
vt. uqummiq- (2).
close, to ~ tightly vt. paa-2 (1).
close, to ~ up (of ice hole) vi. quu- (2).
close, to be ~ vi. qanit-.
close, to cause to ~ tighter vt. tattuqusiq- (1).
close, to get ~ vi. qalliáaaq.
close, to get ~ and smell vt. kunik- (1).
closed, to be ~ vi. siqu- (1).
closely grouped, to be ~ vi. upsik- (2);vi. uvsik- (2).
closely, to pass ~ vi. qanikuaq-.
closest, person ~ to outside door n. aulliq (C);n. tauganiakâiq;300

clot, to ~comfort, received ~vt. isrumalaaq-.

n. uaniakâiq.
vi. igruq- (2).
n. nukiãhaaq;
n. ukiãhaaq.
cloth, calico ~ n. kaliku.

clot, to ~clothco-husband n. aäutauqan (C) (1);n. nuliaqan.

coin
n. maniuraq.
coin change n. siqummiuraq (1).
cold, it is ~ excl. alappaa!
cold, to be ~ vi. alappaaäu-;

cloth, piece of ~ (cut and ready) n. piáaktuaq.
clothes, clean ~ n. iqaqsrat.
clothes, dirty ~ n. iqaqsraksrat.
clothes, to have ~ to wear
vi. atraksraq-.
clothes, to make ~ vt. atnuàarriuq-.
clothes, to wash ~ vt. iqaqsri-.
clothesline n. iñiaàvik;vi. qiunäunaq-.

n. iñisautaq (C);n. iñiutaq;
n. naktirvik (2).
n. kiggiñ.
n. nuviya.

clothespin
cloud
cloud, dark ~ over the ice (indicating open water)
n. qisuk.

cloudy, to be ~ (broken clouds) vi. nuviyalugaaq-.
cloudy, to become ~ vi. nuviyaliq-;
vi. nuviyyiq-.

clown
n. tipsisaaàirauq.
cloy, to ~ vt. siiàáit-2.
clubn. anauttaq (1).
clubs (in card game) n. argalaq.
clumsy, to be ~ vi. piyaaptaäa-.
clutch, to ~ a possession vi. piáiñàu-1.
coagulate, to ~ vi. igruq- (2).
coaln. aluaq;
n. katluk (1).

saämaääa (C).

vi. atnivaktaq-.
vi. iáaiáàuq-;vi. imik- (2);vi. puviiq- (2);vi. uku-.
collapse, to ~ into surf
vi. qaaq- (2).
collapse, to ~ (of a sled) n. ukkulik-.
collapse, to ~ suddenly vi. imuliq-.
collar (dog) n. quäusiàun.
collar of jacket or dress n. ulikataq.
collar, to put a ~ on vi. quäusiàusiq-.
collared lemming n. qiáaämiutauraq.

collapse, to ~collect, to ~ contributions (going from house tohouse) vt. siñiqsraq-2.
collect, to ~ offerings vi. iáiraqsiuq-;
vt. iáiraqsiuàvigi-.

coal scuttle n. aluaqaàvik.
coast dwellers n. taàiuàmiut.
coast, from the ~ dem.adv. sakmakäa.
coast, from the ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
coastal area, through the ~ (not visible)

cold, to be ~ (not of weather) vi. nigiiñaqtuq-.
cold, to be ~ (of a place) vi. qiuyanaq-.
cold, to become ~ vi. niglaqsi-.
cold, to feel ~ vi. qiunäu-.
cold, to feel very ~ vi. qiqisia-.
cold, to have a ~ vi. nuvak-.
colic, to experience ~ vi. annivaktaq-;collection plate n. aitchuivik (C);n. iáiraqsiuàvik.

dem.adv.

collector
n. iáiraqsiuqti.
collide, to ~ vi. iraàuq-.
collide, to ~ with s.t. vi. apuqataq-;
vt. aktua-.

colon
n. iqãu.
color, the shade of a ~ n. qauniq.
color, to ~ vt. kala-;saämuuna.
coastlands n. qikiqtaànaq.
coatn. qupiàaaq.
coat, to ~ with paint vt. miñuliq-.
coax, to ~ vt. kayuäiuti-;
vt. sivulliq-;
vt. sivulliqsruq-.
coerce, to ~ vt. nunuri-;
vt. payari- (2).
coerced, to be ~ vi. nunuripkaq-.
coffeen. kuukpiaq;
n. yuuqaksraq.
coffee maker n. kaavilliuàun (C) (1).
coffee, to brew ~ vt. kuukpirriqi-.
coffeepot n. kuukpiaqtuàvik.
coffinn. suluun (1).
cogitate, to ~ vt. isumalaaq- (C);vt. miñuk- (2).

color, to have ~ vi. qaaqaq-.
comb
n. iááaiàutit.
comb, fine-tooth ~ n. kumaiyaugaurat.
comb for thinning thick fur n. kumigaun (2).
comb, to ~ hair vt. iááaiqsuq-.
come, to ~ vi. aggiq-;
vi. qaàaiñ-.

come, to ~ in to shore (of ice) vi. tuvaq-.
come, to ~ out of the water vi. qaki- (1).
comedian n. tipsiñaq;
n. tipsisaaàirauq.

comet's trail n. uvluàiam anaäa.
comfort, received ~ n. arausriaqaâiq.

301

comfort, to ~comfort, to ~vt. araaqtui-;vt. arak-;
vt. arakâiq-.

comfortable, to become ~vi. tutqiksi-.
comfortable, to feel ~ vi. tukkuàik-;vi. tutqaanait- (1).

comfortable, to make ~ vt. tutqiksit-.
comforter n. arakti.
command n. pitqun.
command, to ~ vt. atanniqsuq- (2);vt. pitqu-.

commandment n. pitquraq;

n. tilikkaun;
n. tilliñ.
commemorate, to ~ vt. itqaqsaq-.
commendation of young man n. aäusalluq (2).
commit, to ~ a crime vt. savammaqâuk-;vt. savvaàluk-.
commit, to ~ adultery vt. atugaài- (1);vt. atugaqaq-.
committed, to be ~ vi. piágutilaaq-.
common redpoll n. saksakiq (1).
common scoter (duck) n. tuunàaaàrupiaq.
communicate, to ~ a disease to someone vt.
tuqupquti-.
community house n. qargi.
compact, to ~ vi. niviñaq-.
companion n. iáa1 (2);n. iáannaq (2);n. iáaqqan;
n. iñuuniaqqan;
n. piqan.
companion, to become a ~ vi. aippiq- (C) (1).
companion, to provide a ~ vt. igáu- (2).
company, to have ~ vi. iññiq-1 (2);vi. piqatnaaq-.
company, to keep s.o. ~ vt. iññiqsuq- (1).
comparable, to be ~ vi. atlaksrait-.
comparison n. aktilaaq.
compass
n. taktuksiun.
compassion n. iáunäutaq;
n. nagliktuun.
compassion, to have ~ vt. iáunäugi-;
vt. iáunäuksri-;
vt. nagligi-;
vt. nagliksraq-.
compassionate, to be ~ vi. iáunäutau-;vi. nagliktau-.
compel, to ~vt. itqusraaq-;
vt. payari- (2).
compete, to ~ vi. anaktaq-;
vi. sakuugraq-.
compete, to ~ in a finger pull vi. aqamak- (2);vi. argaämik- (1).

confidencecompetitive, to become ~ vi. siimmak- (1).
competitor n. anaktaqti.
complain, to ~ vi. navàuqsautri-;vi. qatmiksaaq-;
vi. tusaqâiàaâiq-;vi. tusraqâiàaâiq-;vi. unniàáuk-;vi. uqaqtuyaaq-.
complaint n. navàuqsaun;
n. tusaqâiàaun;n. unniàáuktuun.
complete item n. aulaiáaq;
n. upaluäaiáaaq.
complete, to ~ vt. iluqnaq-;
vt. immiqsui-;vt. immiqsuq-;
vt. iñiq- (1);vt. iñiqsi-;
vt. naa-;
vt. naat-;
vt. pianik-.
complete, to be ~ vi. suàait-2 (1).
completion n. isukâitchaaq;
n. isrukâitchaaq.
comply, to ~ vt. atanniqsiuq-.
comprehend, to ~ vt. puttuqsri-.
compress, to ~ vi. ivu-;
vt. quumiraq-.
conceal, to ~ vt. aääiqquti-;
vt. talit-.
concealed, to become ~ vi. talit-.
concede, to ~ vt. anuti-.
concerned, to be ~ vi. anayaktuaq-;
vi. isumaaluk- (C);vi. isrumaaluk-.
conclude, to ~ vt. naatchi-.
concussion, to sustain a ~ vi. avaaq- (C) (2).
condemn, to ~ vt. isivàiutigi-;
vt. pasi- (2);vt. pasri- (2);vt. suksraunàiq-2.
condemnation n. pasi (3);n. suksraunàiiãiq.
condemned, to be ~ vi. tuqutaksraàuq-.
condiment n. avu (2);n. avuuàun.
condition, confused ~ n. katiqsruàniq.
condition, to be in bad ~ vi. palu-.
conferred power n. taluànaqqutiksraq.
confess, to ~ vt. anuti-;
vt. quliaài-;
vt. quliaq- (1).
confidence n. nikaiãiq;n. tunäaâiq.

302

confidence, to instill ~contract, to ~confidence, to instill ~ vt. siimasaaq- (2).
confidence, to lack ~ vi. nika-;

console, to ~vt. nikagi-.

confidence, to lose ~ in oneself vi. nikatchaq-.
confident, to be ~ vi. atmisruk-;vi. nalupqisrunàit-;vi. nikait-;
vi. tunäa-1 (2).

confident, to be ~ of winning vi. siimmak- (2).
confident, to become ~ vi. nikanàiq-.
confident, to feel ~ among people vi. iáapaguti-.
conflict
n. aäuyaun.
confront, to ~ vt. upyak- (1).
confused, to be ~ vi. alapiäaaq-;
vi. kinnaqsaq-;
vi. qanuàviiq-.

confused, to be ~ about one's direction vi.
qanutnamuqausiksraiq-.
vi. alapit- (2);vi. ulapit- (2).

confused, to become ~confused, to become ~ about a word (notunderstanding it) vi. makimaq-.
congenial, to be ~ vi. iñuäniq-.
conjuring rod n. qillan;
n. qiáagautaq (2).

conjuring spirit n. qila.
connect, to ~ vi. katitit-;
vt. atasri-;
vt. kasuq-.

connect, to cause people to ~connected, to be ~ vi. ata-;

vt. kasuqtit-.

vi. kaimiktit- (C) (2);vi. kaipiktit- (2).

connecting strip between body and sole of boots,
joining piece (between sole and upper
part of boot) n. tugnaaq.
connection n. ataâiq.
conquer, to ~ vt. tigusiaq-.
conscience n. iivitchuaàiun (C);n. isumagiisaaâiq;n. isumagiksuaâiq;n. naààutchaun;n. qauàrimaaàiun;n. qauàrimmaaàiun.
conscientious, to be ~ vi. qauàrimaaàik- (2).
conscious, to be ~ vi. qauàrima-.
consciousness, to regain ~ vi. qauàri- (1).
consecrated, to be ~ vi. ipqiqsau-.
consent, to ~ vi. aäiq-.
consequence n. kiñuviaäaq.
consider, to ~ vi. isuma- (C).
consider, to ~ precious vt. igligi-.
considerate, to be ~ vi. qaunatqik-.
considerate, to be ~ for vi. suquti-.

303

vt. pitchuksaaq-;
vt. sikhasaaq-.
conspicuous, to feel ~ vi. taàutugi-.
constant, to be ~ vi. kaipqaq-.
constipated, to be ~ vi. tattui-.
constrict, to ~ vt. quut- (1);vt. quutchi-.
constricted, to become ~ vi. quu- (1).
consultation n. unniqsiuàun.
contagious person n. quäuq (1).
contagious, to be ~ vi. quäuànaq-;
vi. tigupqutnaq-.
contain, to ~vt. immaài-.
containern. aààutaq (1);n. iáulik (2);n. puuq.
container (e.g. for tobacco) n. tuummaq.
container, emptied ~ (left behind) n. puukut (2).
container, empty ~ n. imaiku.
container for odds and ends n. suqaàviuraq.
container for seal oil n. imàusiaàruk (C) (2).
container for small items n. ikpaatchiaq;
n. ullugauraq.
container, full ~ n. imaqpaliq.
container, large ~ n. imaqtu.
container (of used gun shells) n. kavlukpak.
containing adv. imalik.
contemplate, to ~ vt. isumalaaq- (C);vt. isrumalaaq-.
contemporary n. ilun;
n. iñuuqqan.
contempt, to feel ~ toward vi. supasaàinàit-;vi. suunàiáaài-.
content, to be ~ vi. aliit-;
vi. quviasruk-;vi. tutqik- (1).
content, to become ~ vi. tutqiksi-.
contentment n. tutqiun.
contents
n. imaq (2).
contents, to check the ~ vt. imaqsruq-.
contestn. akiiáiniutraq;
n. akimaniutraq.
contestant n. akiiáiniutraqtuaq;
n. akimaniutraqti.
continually adv. taatnaâhaiññaq.
continually, to happen ~ vi. uiyulliktit-.
continue, to ~ an activity vi. isagunäa- (C);vi. isragutäa-;
vi. kipiài- (2).
continuously adv. sununaglaan.
contort, to ~ the face vi. kigiñaàiiái-.
contract, to ~ vi. iqi-;
vi. iqiràaq-;vi. iqit-1 (1).

contract, to ~ a disease
contract, to ~ a disease vi. aatnik-1.
contradict, to ~ vi. piiáaaq-;
vt. piiáaaq-.

contradict, to ~ vehemently vt. parrakâak-.
contrary, to be ~ vi. paaqâaäa-;
vi. paaqsaaäa-.

control, to ~ vt. aäalat- (3);vt. aäalattaq-.
vt. iqatchaq-;
vt. iqigitchaq-.
controllable, to be ~ vi. aäalatchuànaq-.
controversy n. nalaurrutinàiãiq.
convalesce, to ~ vi. mapsiq-;
vi. nakuqsitchiq- (1).
conversation, to have a ~ vi. uqqaaàik-.
convertn. mumiksimaaqtauq.
convince, to ~ vt. iáamat-;vt. uqayut-.
convinced, to be ~ vi. maliksuktitau-.
convulse, to ~ vi. aa- (C) (2);vt. qiluraàaq-.
coo, to ~vi. qunnu-;
vi. qunu- (1).
cooing sound n. nuniaàun.
cook
n. igari;
n. niqniaqti.
cook, to ~ vt. iga-;
vt. kukiu-;
vt. niqniaq-.
cook, to ~ dog food vt. alliuq-.
cook, to ~ fish vi. qalliuq-.

control, to assume ~cook, to ~ heads (animal or fish, for a meal) vt.
niaqqiuq-.

cook, to ~ in oven vi. samuunaaq-.
cook, to ~ meat medium rare vi. uipasulaaq-.
cook, to ~ rawhide (at starvation) vi. qisivviuq-.
cooked berries n. asirriugaq;
n. asrirriugaq.

cooked flour with oil n. qayusraaq (K) (1).
cookien. qaqqauyaaq;
n. qaqqulauraq.

cooking pot n. niqâiuàun;n. utkusrik.

cooking pot for dog soup n. alliuàun.
cooking utensil n. iggan.
cool place n. niglanaaq.
cool, to ~ vi. niglaqsi-;
vt. niglaq-.

cool, to ~ by adding ice vt. niglit-.
cool, to be ~ vi. nigliññaaàik-.
cool, to be ~ (of food) vi. niglanaaq-.
cooperative, to be ~ vi. piqatigiuyutiq-.
coordinate, to ~ twine into meshes vt. qiáak- (2).
coppern. kannuyaq;

cotton, fireweed ~n. kanäuyaq.
vi. kuuyak-;vi. nulik-.
copy
n. arri (C);n. atri.
copy, to ~ vt. tuvraq- (2).
coquettish, to be ~ vi. aànavik-;
vi. pivik-.
cord (of baleen) n. ipiutaq (2).
cordial, to be ~ vi. pimaktuq-.
core
n. iàñaaq (1).
cork, to ~ vt. simik-2.
cornern. iqiràuq;
n. kaäiàaluk.
corner (of a frame) n. itchuk.
corner, to ~ an animal vt. pattuti-;
vt. pattuvik-.
cornered, to be ~ (of prey) vi. pattutrau-.
cornered, to become ~ (in a corral) vi. kaäiàaaq-.
cornerstone n. kaäiàaluk.
cornmeal
n. qayusraaksraq.
corpsen. tuquäaruaq.
corraln. itchuàvik;n. kaäiàaq (1);n. uäurrivik (1).
corral, to ~ reindeer vi. niäivraqtuq-;
vt. kaäiàaq-.
correct, to ~ vt. iâuaqsruq- (1);vt. isiáàiqsuq- (C);vt. isiáàiqsruq-;
vt. nalàuqsrui-;vt. nalàuqsruq-;
vt. natqik-;vt. natqiksruq-;
vt. siáàiqsuq-.
correct, to be ~ vi. iâuaq-;
vi. nalaunäa- (1);vi. nalaut-.
corroded, to become ~vi. qaâiq-.
corrosion n. qaâiq.
corrugation n. kigiraq.
corrupt, to ~ vt. piiñàiqsaq-.
corrupt, to be ~ vi. piiñàiq-.
corrupted item n. piiñàiqsaqtuaq.
corruptible, to be ~vi. auraàaqnaq-;
vi. qaayuànaq- (2).
corruption n. asiäuun;n. piiñàiun;n. qaayuànaâiq.
corruption, cause of ~ n. aggun.
cosmetics n. nakuqsautit.
co-spouses n. aippaàiik (1).
cotton, arctic ~ n. palliksraq (1).
cotton, fireweed ~ n. palliksraq (2).

copulate, to ~304

cotton, pussy willow ~crash, to ~ (of colliding ice)

cotton, pussy willow ~ n. palliksraq (3).
cotton twine (for making nets) n. kuvraksaq.
cottonwood tree n. ninäuq.
coughn. quqhiq.
cough, to ~ vi. quiq-;

cover, to ~ completely vi. piàu-.
cover, to ~ oneself and someone vt. kaimit- (2).
cover, to ~ someone with a parka vt. atigi-.
cover, to ~ with a blanket vt. ulik-;
vt. ulitchiaq-.

cover, to ~ with a lid vt. matu-.
coverallsn. ataraaq (1).
covered, to be ~ with a frost vi. kaniàaaàruk-.
covered, to be ~ with a lid vi. matulik.
cover-upn. patchisi.
covet, to ~ vt. ikãigi-;

vi. quqhiq-.

cough, to have a slight ~ vi. quiqãuk- (1).
coughing, to feel like ~ vi. quiàusruk-.
coughing, to have a ~ spasm vi. quiàutchak-.
counciln. qaukâiich.
council man n. kasimmatriri;
n. sivulliuqtiàruaq.

vt. kaviuài-;
vt. killuài-;
vt. killuqsri-;
vt. kimigi-;
vt. piáiñàu-2;
vt. siqñagi- (1);
vt. tusru-.
covetable, to be ~ vi. kaviuànaq-.
covetousness n. kaviuàun;
n. kaviuàutiqaâiq;n. siqñatauâiq (1);n. tutchun.
cowardly, to be ~ vi. qapiya-.
co-wifen. aippaq (1).
crab
n. putyugiaq.
crack
n. iqãaaq;n. quqhaq.
crack in ice n. aayuàaq (2).

councilman n. imatnaaqti (C);n. uqaqsitaaqtitchiri.

counseln. unniqsiuàun.
counsel, to ~ vi. sivunniuq-.
count, to ~ vi. kisit-.
counted items n. kisisaq (1).
countryn. nunaaqqiqpak;
n. nunauruat.

couplen. aäutilik (C).
couple in love n. tasiuàiik (C).
couple in old age n. aäayuqaatchiak;
n. aäayuqaksraatchiak.

couple, married ~ n. nuliaàiik (1).
courageous, to be ~ vi. saavit- (C) (3).
court, to ~ a loved one vt. sanmi- (2);vt. sanmisi- (2).

courthouse n. uqaqsitaaàvik.
cousinn. aànaqan;

crack in wood, in dry skin, or ice n. qupiniq.
crack, open ~ n. quppak (1).
crack (snapping sound) n. mapkuqtaq.
crack, to ~ vi. iqãaaq-;

n. aäutnuniq;
n. iááualuk;n. uumaa (2).

cousin (father's brother's child) n. aäutiqan.
cousin, female ~ n. atchak (2).
covenant
n. akiqsruun (3);n. aniàutaun;
n. aäiàutauruaq.
cover
n. matu;n. matutaq (2);n. uligruaq;
n. ulitchiaq.
cover, outer tent ~ n. qaliàuaq (2).
cover, parka ~ n. qaliàuaq (1).

cover, protective ~ to provide warmth n. uquq (2).
cover, to ~ vt. qalliq-.
cover, to ~ a carcass with sod vi. nunatchi-.
cover, to ~ a hole vt. sau- (1).
cover, to ~ a layer of clothing with another vt.
kapit-2.

cover, to ~ a surface (of liquid) vi. qaamit-.
cover, to ~ a tent floor with branches vt. atlirriq-.
cover, to ~ a tent frame vt. itcharaq-.
cover, to ~ anything vt. matutaq- (1).

305

vi. mapkuluk-;vi. nuki-;
vi. quqhaq-;vi. uliaq-.
crack, to ~ lengthwise vi. qupi-.
crack, to ~ (of wood) vt. uliq-.
crack, to ~ skin (for tanning) vt. iqsuq-2.
crackern. qaqquliktaq.
cracker, small ~ n. qaqqulauraq.
crackle, to ~ (especially of a fire) vi. nuttagaala-.
craftsman n. suliuqti.
cram, to ~ vt. tattuqqit-2.
cramp, muscle ~ n. qilu (2).
cramp, to have a muscle ~ vi. qilu-.
cramped, to be ~ vi. inait-;
vi. tattuqqit-1 (1).
crane, sandhill ~ n. tatirgaq.
cranky, to be ~ vi. qatmik-.
crash, airplane ~ n. kataktuaq.
crash, to ~ (of colliding ice) vi. ivuvaaluk-;vi. suvaluk- (2).

crave, to ~crave, to ~ vt. kiikaluuäa-.
crave, to ~ food vt. avusuk- (C);vt. iipak-;vt. niàisuksaaq-.
crave, to ~ recognition vt. piusruk-.
crawl, to ~ vi. paamàuq-;vi. paammak-.
crawling insect n. qupilàuq (1).
crazy person n. kinnaq.
crazy, to be ~ vi. alapittaq-.
crazy, to be a ~ person vi. kinnau-.
creak, to ~ vi. tiriquulauraq-.
creak, to ~ (of snow) vi. qikiàaàniq-.
creaking sound on hard snow n. qikiàaq.
creaking, to make a ~ sound vi. qikiàaqtaq-.
creasen. kigiraq.
crease, to ~ vt. qugluäniq-.
create, to ~ vt. iñiqsi-.
creationn. iñiqsiãiq.
creatorn. iñiqsiri (1).
creature
n. uumaruaq.
credit, to buy on ~ vt. akiqsruq- (1).
creditorn. akiqsruumaruaq;
n. simmiáiaksraqtuaq.
creek
n. kuugauraq.
creep, to ~ vi. paamàuq-.
creep, to ~ silently toward prey vi. tiàii- (1).
crime, to commit ~vt. killuqsaq-.
criminal
n. savvaqâukti.
crimp, to ~ a mukluk leather sole vt. kigiraq-.
crimped, pair of ~ soles n. kigiraak.
cringe, to ~ vi. manäaiqsruq-.
cringe, to cause someone to ~ vt. manäatchak-.
crinkle, to ~ vt. uglikâuk-.
criticismn. pasi (3).
criticize, to ~ vt. akikäaq- (1);vt. akiääaq-;vt. akitñaq-;vt. avutqai-;
vt. avutqak-;vt. iâuigi-;
vt. pasi- (2);vt. pasri- (2).
croak, to ~ (of a raven, or a frog) vi. qalàuq-.
crooked, to be ~ vi. iqqiäa-;
vi. iquäaugaq-;
vi. saquäa-.
crop
n. asirriruksraq.
cross
n. aäarrautaq;
n. saniàutaq (2).

cross open water, to ~ by jumping from one ice
floe to the next vi. mauraàaq- (1).

cruel, to be ~cross over, to ~ by holding on to something over
one's head and raising one's legs
vi. siáuk-.

cross, to ~ one's arms vi. aqamak- (C).
cross, to ~ one's eyes vi. naku-.
cross, to ~ the highest point of a hill and begin todescend vi. ukpitaq- (1).
cross, to ~ (water or ice) v. ikaaq-.
crossable, to be easily ~ vi. ikaayunaq-.
crossbar on door n. saniàutaq (1).
crossbill, white-winged ~ n. siyyuum kipiäaruq.
cross-cousin n. aññaq (C) (1);n. iááuq (1).

crossed rope (sled) n. saniàaagun.
cross-eyed, to be ~ vi. nakuäa-.
crosspiece, front ~ (of a sled) n. apuàun.
crosspiece on a sled n. ayaaàun;n. ikaaqsaaàun.

cross-piece on a sled n. ikaaqsaun (C).
crosspieces n. igáaat.
crotchn. naliikkaak (2).
crotch, opening in ~ of training pants (infant) n.
avinnaaq (C) (2).

crouch, to ~ vi. palluäa- (2);vi. palluq- (2);vi. qumaq-;
vi. qupsuk-;vi. qusruaq-.
crouch, to ~ down vi. imuäasri-.
crouch, to ~ (of a dog) vi. qumataq-.
crouch, to ~ (of hunter) vi. tuttuuraäa- (1);vi. tuttuuraq-.
crouch, to ~ with one's head lowered vi. pusiäa(2).
crowberry n. paunàaq.
crowd
n. iñugaaàruich;
n. iñugaaàruk;n. iñugayaat.
crowd in, to ~ vi. isaa- (C);vi. israa-.
crowd, to ~ vt. tatruq-;
vt. tatviksraiq-.
crowd, to ~ with vt. amilluti-.
crowded, to be ~ vi. iniksraiq-;
vi. tatimmiraq- (1);vi. tattuqqit-1 (2).
crownn. niaquàun;n. niaquun (2).
crown of head (skull cap) n. kavraq (1).
crown, to ~ someone vt. niaquàusriq-.
crow's nest n. uglu (2);n. uvluutit (2).
crucify, to ~ vt. kikiaktuuti-.
cruel, to be ~ vi. pisaaäa-.

306

crumb or food particle near the mouth
crumb or food particle near the mouth n. tipli.
crumble, to ~ crackers vi. kanàala- (1).
crumbsn. kanàakuq;

current, water ~n. saàvaq.
current winter n. ukiupak.
current year n. ukiupak.
curry, to ~ favor vt. ayuàisaq- (C) (2);n. kanuqqaich.

crumbs of food n. iraqsraq (1).
crumbs, to drop ~ vt. kanàakuq-.
crumple, to ~ vt. ulluaq-;
crumpled, to become ~ vi. ulluk-.
crunch, to ~ vt. qaqquq-.
crunch, to ~ (move with crushing sound) vi.
siaksruk- (1).

vt. ayuàisraq- (2).
n. aatchuniàluun (C);n. nipigiiãiq;n. nipliñiqãuun;n. taiyuaniqâuun;n. uqapiáuâiq.
curse, to ~ vi. uqamaqâuk-;vt. taimaqâuk-;vt. uqaàniàluk- (2);vt. uqapiáuuti-.
curse words n. suviaàautit.
curt, to be ~ vi. avakäaaq-.
curtainn. talukuyaaq;
n. ukkuaq.
curtains, to hang ~ vt. taaàutchiq-.
curtains, to have no ~ vi. ukkuaäit- (2).
curved, to have a ~ spine vi. tuttuuraäa- (2).
cushionn. iàmaliñ.
customn. atuiraàiâiq;
n. piáàusikaaq;
n. piáàusiq;
n. piãhusiq;
n. piraàiâiq.
customary adv. pipmatun.
cut on the skin n. kiááiq.
cut (result) n. kipraq.
cut, to ~vt. avgui-;vt. avguq-;
vt. kaat-1;
vt. kaatchi-;vt. kipi-;
vt. napuq-.
cut, to ~ a length of rope vi. kipluq-.
cut, to ~ an oblong hole vt. ukit-.
cut, to ~ fish lengthwise vi. siik- (2).
cut, to ~ hair vt. kipraq-.
cut, to ~ into strips vt. kilit-;
vt. tira-.
cut, to ~ oneself vt. piáak- (3).
cut, to ~ open vt. piáaktuq- (1).
cut, to ~ raw frozen meat or fish
vt. qurri-;
vt. qurriuq-.
cut, to ~ seal blubber to render oil vt. uqsri- (1).
cut, to ~ snow (in blocks for house building) vt.
kaattiq- (C).
cut, to ~ the jaws from an animal's head vt.
agluq-.
cut, to ~ up for cooking vt. uukâi-.
cut, to ~ up ice vt. sikuliqi-.
cut, to ~ with an axe vt. ulima-.

curse

vt. ulluk-;vt. ulluuq-.

crunch, to ~ when chewing crackers

cut, to ~ with an axevi.

qaqqula-.
crush, to ~ vt. kanuàit-;vt. karumit- (C);vt. siqumit-;
vt. siquptiq-;
vt. siquv-;
vt. suqumit-.
crush, to ~ (with teeth) vt. qaqquq-.
crushed, to be ~ vi. siqupti-.

crushing noise, to emit a ~ (audible in distance)vi. siaksruk- (2).
n. aiyaupiaq (2);n. ayaupiaq (2).
cry, to ~vi. qia-;vi. qira-.
cry, to ~ fitfully (of a baby) vi. qiñu- (2).
crying, the reason for ~ n. qirran (2).
crystaln. qaumaluk (1).
cube
n. iqiràalik.
culpability n. pasi (2).
cunning
n. pisaasuâiq.
cunning, to employ ~ vt. pisaasuq-.
cup, bailer ~n. qallun (1).
cup, dipper ~ n. imàun (C) (2);n. qalluttaq.
cup, drinking ~ n. imàugauraq;
n. imàun (C) (1);n. qallugauraq;
n. qallun (1).
cure, to ~ fish in salt vi. taàiutchii-.
curl, to ~vt. akaââak-.
curl, to ~ up vi. imu- (2).
curl, to ~ up (of a dog) vi. quäaluk-.
curled, to be ~ vi. akatiäa- (C).
currants
n. uqpiäñaq.
current, shoreward ~ n. tipisaàniq.

crutchcurrent, shoreward ~ (flowing into mouth of river)n. isiqsaàniq.
vi. saàvaaàik-;vi. saàvaq- (1).

current, to have a ~307

cut, to ~ with an instrument

dawdle, to ~cut, to ~ with an instrument vt. sali-.
cut, to ~ with knife vt. savigaq- (2).
cut, to ~ with scissors vt. sallisit-.
cut, to ~ wood with an ax vt. ipiàaqtuq-.
cute, to be ~ vi. anaäaaäu-;

cutting board

cut-off piece n. kippaq.
cut-off, to leave a ~ bit vt. kippaku-.
cutting, blades for ~ n. kiplutit.

cutting point of a tool n. sikuq (1).
cylinder, hollow part of a ~ n. uyamik (2).

n. avguàvik;n. siigvik;
n. uukâivik.

cutting edge, the ~ of a knife, etc n. kigiñaq (2).
cutting edge, to file the initial ~ of an ulu vt.

vi. igliänaq-.

qaagrak-.

D - ddabble, to ~ vi. imiqqi- (1).
dadn. papa (2).
daily affairs n. suraàaâiq.
dall sheep n. ipnaiq.
dam in a stream n. sappun (1).
damage, to ~ vt. navguq-;

vt. piyaqtai-;vt. piyaquâuk-;vt. qiâhuq-;
vt. siqupsi-.
damage, to ~ property vt. qitkutiksri- (2).
damage, to do ~ vt. agak-1.
damp, to be ~ vi. aiáaq-;vi. arruumaaq-;
vi. misak-;vi. misallak-.
damp, to become ~vi. aàit-;vi. aiáaqsi-;
vi. arruk-;vi. mitchiq-.
dampen, to ~ vt. aàit-;vt. imaq-;
vt. imaqtiq-.
damper in a stove pipe n. umiktaun.
dampness n. aiáaq;
n. misrak (3).
dancen. aààiun.
dance hall n. kanaakkiuvik.
dance, shaman's ~ n. paatuqtuq (2).
dance song n. aààiñ atuun;
n. aäayyun.
dance, to ~ vi. aàài-.
dance, to ~ in Iñupiaq style vi. naqigáiuraq-.

dance, to ~ in Iñupiaq style (sitting position,
moving arms) vi. taliq-.
dance, to ~ (Iñupiaq style) vi. aààipiaq-;
vi. aäayu-.

dance, to ~ Iñupiaq style (of a man) vi. uamit-.
dance, to ~ Iñupiaq style (of a woman) vi. uyuk-.
dance, to ~ (White man's style) vi. aääuaq-;
vi. kanaakkiu-.

dance, to do a motion ~ vi. sayuq-.
dancern. aààiri.
dandruff
n. iqsu.
danger!
excl. aachikkaaä!
dangern. navianaq.
danger, sense of impending ~ n. nargiat.
danger, to be in ~ vi. nuyuaài- (1).
danger, to be in imminent ~ vi. kappiaäa-.
danger, to feel in ~ vi. kapya-1.
dangerous event, to sense a ~ vi. nargiasruk-.
dangerous situation n. anayanniuànaq;n. nuyuaqnaqtuaq.

dangerous spot on the ice n. nakkaqtaqtuaq.
dangerous, to be ~ vi. anayanaq- (1);vi. munaqnaq- (1);vi. naäiaànaq-;
vi. navianaqtuq-.
daring, to be ~ vi. naäiit-;
vi. nuyuit- (1).

dark cloud over the ice (indicating open water) n.
qisuk.

dark item n. taaqtaaq.
dark, to be ~vi. qiàñiq-;vi. taaq- (1).

dark, to become ~ vi. taaqsi-;
vi. tanuàaaqsi-.

dark, to become ~ sooner vi. taaqsisuqsi-.
darken, to ~ hair vt. taaqsaq-.
darkening, to be ~ vi. tanuàaaqsi-.
darkest place n. taaàniq.
darknessn. taaàniq;n. taaq.

dart game n. napaatchak.
dart gunn. nauligaun.
darts, to throw ~ vi. nauligaq-.
date, to go on a ~ vi. kasuuti-.
daughtern. panik.
daughter-in-law n. ukuaq.
daughter-in-law, the parent of one's ~ n. nulliq.
daunt, to ~ vt. arguagi-.
dawdle, to ~ vt. ayuqi- (C).

308

dawn

degrade, to ~ someone

dawn

deceptiveness, to use ~ vt. pisaasuq-.
decide, to ~ vt. isummiq- (C);n. tanuàak;
n. uvlaatchiaq;
n. uvluayaaq.
dawn, to ~ vi. qau-.
day
n. uvluq.
day after tomorrow adv. uvlaakutqik;
n. uäalliagu.
day before yesterday n. ikpaksratqik;
n. uäalliani.
day, to spend a ~ in an area vi. uvli- (1).
daybreakn. qauniuraaq.
dazzle, to ~ vt. qagguti- (1).
deaconn. ikayuqti.
dead plant n. tuquliäaruaq.
dead-end, to reach a ~ vi. samnaaq-.
deaf, to be ~ vi. tusaallait-;
vi. tusraqsuit-.
deaf, to become ~ vi. tusratlaiq-.
deal with, to ~ vt. irruti-.
Dear One! voc. asik.
death
n. tuqqun.
death, place of ~ by freezing n. qigguvik.
death, to be near ~ vi. qakuguaglaaq-.
death, to cause someone's ~ vt. iáisiiyaq-.
debased person n. iñuaàruk (C) (1).
debate, to ~ vi. uqavaaq-;
vt. sanmisi- (1).
debrisn. piyaqukkaumaaqtuat.
debt
n. akiàruun;n. akiiáaq;
n. akiqsruun (1);n. niààiuqsruun.
decamp, to ~ vi. iglutiq- (C);vi. tupiqtiq-.
decay, to ~ vi. asiäuq-;vi. asriäuq-;vi. au-;vi. auraq- (2);vi. piiñàiq-;vi. pitaaq- (2).
decayed, to become ~ vi. tipayaaq-.
deceased person n. ayuruaq (2).
deceive, to ~ vi. ukpiqsaq-;
vt. kini-;
vt. sagluqi-.
deceivern. kiniri.
December n. agruliàvik (C);n. Siqiñaatchiaq;
n. siqiñàiáaq;
n. uvluiáaq.
deception n. ukpiqsaaq.
deceptive, to be ~ vi. asiäñaq- (C);vi. asriäñaq-;vi. kinniqiuraaq-.

vt. isrummiq-;
vt. sivunniq-.

deciduous, any type of ~ tree
n. kanuääiq (1).
decisionn. sivunniun.
declare, to ~ vt. nipliuti-.
declaw, to ~ (to remove claws) n. kuvluàuq.
decorate, to ~ vt. piññaqusriqsuq-.
decoration n. piññaqusriq.
decoy (duck, goose, etc.) n. mitchauraq.
decrease, to ~ vi. manäuq- (2);vi. mikâi-;vi. uglik-;vi. uvlik-;
vt. iáaäiq-2;
vt. iáaääak-.
decry, to ~ vt. piiäiáaqsruq- (1).
dedicate, to ~ vt. iluqnauàvigi-;
vt. tuäaaài-.
dedicated, to be ~ vi. iluqnau-;
vi. iluqnauqsimaaq-;
vi. piágutilaaq-.
deep spot under the ice n. qaglu.
deep, to be ~ vi. alliq-;
vi. atchik- (1);vi. atliq-;
vi. iti-;vi. mitait-.
deep, to be unevenly ~ vi. itilaaàiik-.
deep, to become ~ vi. atchiksi- (2).
deep water n. mitaiáaq (1).
deepen, to ~ vt. arvaq- (C)2 (1);vt. atvaq- (1).
deep-fried food n. uqsripkauqtaq;
n. uqsrukuaqtaq.
defeat, to ~ vt. akiiái-;
vt. palaq-2 (1).
defecate, to ~ vi. anaq- (1).
defend, to ~ vt. uqapsaaàuti-.
defendern. uqapsaaàutriksraq (1).
defender (e.g. in court) n. piiñiaàutrirauq.
defense walln. siáalliàuaq (2).
defiant, to be ~ vi. arguaäa-;
vi. tutqaanaq- (1).
deficient, to be ~ vi. susruksiu-.
definitely! excl. suuramikunnii.
deflate, to ~ vi. puviiq- (1).
deflect, to ~ vi. akivik-.
defraud, to ~ someone vt. ivayaq- (1).
defrost, to ~ vi. manäuqsi;
vt. manäuqsirriuti-.
degrade, to ~ vt. samuäaq-.
degrade, to ~ someone vt. suksraàinàiq- (2).

309

dehydrate, to ~desk

dehydrate, to ~ vt. paniqsiq-;

vt. paniqsirriuti-.
delay, to ~ vt. aannagutaaq- (C);vt. aatnagutaaq-;
vt. aqagutaaq- (C);vt. iñaviài-;
vt. iñaviqqutchiq-;
vt. maatnagutaaq-;
vt. uvlaakutaaq-.
delayed, to be ~ vi. tuuliuq-.
deliberate, to ~ vi. sivunniuq-.
deliberately, to do something ~ vi. pisaài-;vi. pisaq-.
delight, to ~ vi. quviatchauàik-.
deliver, to ~ vt. aat-.
deliver, to ~ a baby vi. ani- (2).
deliver, to ~ by breech vi. kiñutmuäa-.
deliver, to ~ mail vt. agliqi- (2).
deliver, to ask someone to ~ vt. saakkit-;
vt. tigumirrit-.
delouse, to ~ vt. kumaiqsuaq-.
delta of a river n. paa (2).
demand, to ~ vt. pitqu-.
demanding, to be ~ vi. qasriáiñaq- (1).
demolish, to ~ vt. piyaquq-2;
vt. tamatkiq- (2).
demon
n. tuunàaqtaq.
demonstrate, to ~ vt. qiñikkiq-;
vt. urriqsuq- (1).
denn. sisiq.
dense, to be ~ (e.g. forest) vi. upsik- (1);vi. uvsik- (1).
dense, to be ~ (of willows) vi. qupsik- (3).
dent, small ~ n. titiàniq (2).
dent, to ~ vi. quqquq-.
dental floss n. ivalu (2).
dentistn. kigusriqiri.
dentist's tools n. kigusriqqutit (2).
denturesn. kigutiääuat.
denunciation n. pasi (1).
deny, to ~ vt. aääigi-;
vt. itquqnait- (2);vt. piiáaaài-;vt. piiáaaq-;
vt. suiáauri- (2).
deodorant n. uniqniàniiyaun.
depart, to ~ vi. aullaq-.
depend, to ~ vi. tunäa-1 (2).
dependable, to be ~ vi. nikanait- (1).
dependent, to be ~ on someone vt. malliq-.
deplete, to ~ vt. niqaiq-;
vt. nuäut-.
depleted, to be ~ vi. kalivit-;
vi. niqaiq-;

depository

vi. nuäu-;
vi. paluq-.
n. iááivik (1);n. tugvaàvik.

depression between shoulders
n. pikusuk (2);n. pikusruk (2).

n. aaàirrak (1);deprive, to ~ someone of his wife vt. nuliiq-2.
depth finder n. ititilaaàun.
depth, to measure ~ vt. ititilaaq-.
deride, to ~ vt. mitautigi-;

vt. mitautiqaq-;
vt. naààuksruq-.
descend, to ~ vi. arvaq- (C)1;
vi. atqaq-;
vi. niäit-.
descendant n. aullaàvik (C);n. kiñuviaq;
n. kiäuviaq;
n. qitunàaq.
desecrator n. naääunaqtuaq.
desertn. iñuiáaaq;n. suviksraiáaaq.
desert, to ~ vt. unit- (1).
deserted, to be ~ vi. iñuiáàu- (C).
deserted, to feel ~ vi. paiáiñäu-.
deserted, to find a place ~ vt. iñuiáaàuti- (2).
desiccate, to ~ vt. pannakâuk-2.
design strips, tusk-shaped ~ on parka yoke n.
atituàun (C);n. atituàutiligaak (C).
desirable, to be ~ vi. ikãiñaq-;vi. ikãisuk-;vi. kaviuànaq-;
vi. tusunaq-;
vi. tusrunaq-.
desirable, to be equally ~ vi. naliàunaq-.
desiren. kimmun;n. kipiàniuàun;n. pigisukkaq;
n. pisugruaàun (1);n. pisuänaun (1).
desire, one's ~ n. pisuâiq.
desire, to ~ vt. ikãigi-;
vt. kaviuài-;
vt. kimmutiksri-;
vt. kipiàniuq-2;
vt. kipiqqutigi-.
desire, to ~ company vi. takusruliq-.
desire, to ~ credit vt. piusruk-.
desire, to ~ deeply vt. iáunäuqsruq-.
desire, to ~ for company to stay vt. kappiagi- (2).
desire, to ~ to do something vi. kipiài- (1).
deskn. aglagvik (2).

310

desolate, to be ~dilemmadesolate, to be ~ vi. alianaqtaaq-.
despise, to ~vt. iáaipaaàrugi-;

vt. iñuaàrugi- (C);vt. naààugi-;
vt. piiñàiài-.
despondent, to be ~ vi. ipiqtusuk- (C);vi. ipiqtusruk-;vi. naàluq- (1).
dessert, whipped ~ n. ittukpalik (1).
destination, to reach a ~ vi. kaäit- (1).
destiny
n. kinilirvik.
destroy, to ~vt. maqut-;vt. piyaqtai-;vt. piyaqtaq-;
vt. piyaquq-2;
vt. siqumit-;
vt. siquv-;
vt. suksraunàiq-2.
destroyed, to be ~ vi. maqu- (1).
destroyed, to become ~ vi. suksraunàiq-1 (1).
destroyer
n. iñuqaànaiáaq.
destruction n. akatchiãiq;n. piyaquâiq;n. suksraunàiãiq.
destruction, place of ~ n. piyaquàvik (2).
detached, to become ~ emotionally vi. kiñumuak-.
detect, to ~ an odor vt. naàiuq-.
deteriorate, to ~vi. pitaaq- (1);vi. pitaaq- (2).
determination n. nikaiãiq.
determined, to be ~ (desire to excel) vi. siimak-.
detest, to ~ vt. naààugi-;
vt. piiñàiài-.
detestable, to be ~ vi. naààunaq-.
detonate, to ~ vt. mapqaq-.
detritusn. kanuqqaich.
deuce (at cards)
n. simmaun.
deviate, to ~ vi. saqsruaq- (1);vi. yuukiik- (2).
devil
n. tuunàaq (1).
devote, to ~ one's all vi. pisatilaaq-.
devoted, to be ~ vi. iluqnau-;
vi. iluqnauqsimaaq-;
vi. piipkai-;vi. siàñiksrau-.
devoteen. agaayusriqiraupiaq.
devout, to be ~ vi. agaayyusriqi-.
dexterous, to be ~ vi. pirraaàik- (1).
diagonal line n. supiaq.
dialect
n. uqausiq;
n. uqqiq.
dialect, to speak another ~ vi. pimiullai-.
diamond shape n. tumiääuaq.
diamond willow n. qanuäiq.

311

diapern. makkak.
diaper, material for a ~ n. makkaksraq.
diaper, to get a ~ rash vi. uuq-.
diaper, to take off the ~ vt. makkaiq-2.
diapers, to run out of ~ vi. makkaiq-1.
diapers, to use ~ vi. makkaktuq-.
diaphragm n. kanivaun;

n. mulik;n. simik (1).
diarrhea, to have ~ vi. itik-.
diarrhea, to turn into ~ vi. itiksi-.
dicen. siakataaq.
dice, to roll ~ vi. siakataaq-.
die, to ~vi. ayu- (2);vi. nutqaq- (2);vi. piiq-2;
vi. tuqu-.
die, to ~ (because of a taboo) vi. nutaiqqi-.
die, to ~ (figuratively) vi. isukâit- (C) (2).
die, to ~ in one's sleep vi. itinàit- (2);vi. itiäit- (2).
die, to ~ suddenly vi. puksiññaq-;vi. pupsiññaq-.
die, to willingly ~ for someone vi.
tuqqutisugaaq-.
diet, to ~vi. pannaksaq-.
differ, to ~ vi. atlaäuq-.
difference n. atlakaaàiik.
different ones n. atlagiich.
different, to be ~ vi. atlagi-;
vi. atlakaaàiik-;vi. atlau-.
different, to become ~ vi. atlaàuq-.
difficult, to be ~ vi. qaàanait-;vi. sakiqnaq-;
vi. siàáiàñaq-.
difficult, to be ~ to discipline vi. uqaqsiàiit- (2).
difficult, to find it ~ vi. payaksaq-.
difficult, to find swallowing ~ vi. kinatchit- (2).
difficult work n. nunuqsiàiiáaq (2).
difficultyn. sakiqnaq;
n. siàáiàniuàun.
difficulty, to have ~ seeing in darknessvi.
taaqsiulguit-.
diffident, to be ~ vi. attaqsraq-.
dig, to ~vi. nivak-;vi. piksrutaq-.
dig, to ~ with claws or paws vi. paksrak-.
dig, to ~ with hands vt. argak- (C);vt. pakik- (2).
diggern. paksrakti.
digit
n. argak (2).
dilatory, to be ~ vi. mulluqtu-.
dilemman. qanuàviiãiq.

dim, to become ~ (of lights)

discouraged, to become ~dim, to become ~ (of lights) vi. qapsuk-;vi. qavsuk-.
diminish, to ~ vi. imaiqsaaq-.
diminish, to gradually ~ vi. nilik-.
dimplen. itiqsraniq.
dimple, face with a ~ n. itiqsranauralik.
dinn. siaksruäniq.
dinner, holiday ~ n. niàiqpagvik (2).
dinosaurn. itiyaiyaq;
n. niàrulluk.
Diomede Islanders n. Imaqâich.
dip netn. qalu.
dip, to ~vi. misuk-;vt. kiñit-.
dip, to ~ a net vt. qalu- (3).
dip, to ~ in boiling water vi. puqâaq-.
dip, to ~ in seal oil vi. misiàaaq-.
dipper
n. qayuutaq.
dipper (made of horn) n. imàusiq.
direct, to ~ vt. aäalattaq-;
vt. isiáàiqsuq- (C);vt. isiáàiqsruq-;
vt. siáàiqsuq-.
direct, to ~ a meeting vt. sivulliuq- (1).
direct, to ~ thread vi. nuvimmi- (1).
direct, to go ~ (of a bullet) vi. nakiq-.
directionn. urriqsuutriâiq;
pos.base. tuäi.
direction, base for ~ words base. na-.
direction, in ~ from — tuäaaniñ, see: tuäi.
direction, in ~ to — tuäaanun, see: tuäi.
direction indicator n. tikkuun.
direction, located in the ~ — tuäaani, see: tuäi.
direction, to be confused about one's ~ vi.
qanutnamuqausiksraiq-.
directions, to give ~ vt. urriqsuuti-.
directiven. aäalarrutiksraq (2).
directly, to travel ~vi. nalimuk-;vi. tuäaaq-.
director
n. aäalati.
dirge
n. qirran (1).
dirt
n. ipiq;
n. puya (1);n. sanik (1).
dirt, to play with ~ vi. ikkakâiqi- (C);vi. itchakâiqi-.
dirty, to be ~ vi. ipqu-;vi. puyau-;
vi. salumait-;vi. sanäu-;
vi. suaqâuu-.
dirty, to become ~ vi. ikkak- (C);vi. ippak-;vi. puyat-;vi. puyyak-;vi. suqâak-.

dirty, to become ~ with soot vi. paulaàuq-.
disagree, to ~ verbally vi. nalaurrutinàit-.
disagreeing people n. igáugiik (2).
disappear, to ~ vi. maààutligaq-;
vi. suutaunàit-.

disappear, to ~ into the shadowsvi. taààit- (2).
disappoint, to ~ vt. itigauti-.
disappointed, to be ~ vi. qapiqpaäa-;
vi. sunaiyuàat- (2).

disappointment n. saiñàisuun (2).
disappointment over missed opportunities n.
saiñàiñaq.

disapproval, exclamation of ~ excl. aatai!
disapprove, to ~ vt. iáaluaài- (1);
vt. tutqiigi-.

disassemble, to ~ vt. aäivit-2;

vt. aäivraq-1;
vt. aäivsi-.
disavow, to ~ vt. suiáauri- (2).
disbelieve, to ~ vt. arguaqtuq-.
discard, to ~ vt. iksi-;
vt. ipiàaq-2 (1).
discarded item n. iktaq (1).
discern, to ~ vi. qiñiágu- (1).

discharge after childbirth (lochia) n. kiñiq (2).
discharge, to ~ (weapon) vt. mapqaq-.
disciplen. maliàuaqti.
discipline n. iáisautnaâiq;n. natqisruun.

discipline, to ~ vt. natqik-.
disciplined, to be ~vi. anasriñäuq-;vi. anusiñäuq- (C).
vt. anuti-;
vt. kilik- (2);vt. kiliktuq- (2).
disclosed, to ~ oneself vt. sukuiqsit-.
discolored item n. simiqtaaq (2).
discolored, to become ~ vi. simiqsi-.
discomfit, to cause ~ vt. suqpanaq-.
discomfort n. naäinnaq (1).
discomfortable, to be ~ vi. tuninäuq-.
disconnect, to ~vt. pituiq-.
disconnected, to be ~ vi. ataiq- (C).
discontent, to be ~ vt. sumiq-.
discordn. atinàirrun.
discourage, to ~ vt. aliasaaq-.
discourage, to ~ a relationship vt. navguqsaaq-.
discouraged, to be ~ vi. qapiäa-;
vi. sapiáiq- (1).
discouraged, to become ~vi. nikaliq-;
vi. qapiq-.

disclose, to ~312

discouraged, to cause to become ~ditch, drainage ~discouraged, to cause to become ~ vt.

disposition n. ilitqusiq (C);qimmaksaq-.
discouraging, to be ~ vi. nikanaq- (2).

n. ilitqusriq;
n. iáitqusriq;
n. irrusiq (C);n. irrusriq.

discover, to ~ by searching thoroughly vt.

qaqutuq-2.
n. atniàñaun;n. naäirrun (1);n. piyaqniuàun.
disembark, to ~ vi. atqaq-;
vi. niu-1.
disgorge, to ~ vt. uàiaq-2 (2).
disgracen. naààunaq.
disgrace, to ~ vt. pisaaäa- (2).
disgust, expression of ~ excl. araa!;excl. ikkii!
disgusted, to become ~ vi. muayutchak-.
dish shelf n. qallugauraqaàvik.
dishearten, to ~ vt. aliasaaq-.
dishonorn. naààunaq.
disinclined, to be ~ to touch messy things vi.
qaaliäa-.
disjoin, to ~ vt. kipri-.
dislikable, to be ~ vi. naààunaq-.
dislike, to ~ vi. kipinäu-;
vt. naààu-;vt. qaayuài.
dislike, to feel ~ vt. iáaluaài- (2).
dislike, to show ~ vt. iqsuktaq-.
dislocate, to ~ a joint vi. pitáui-;vi. pitáuk-;vi. uniuqtit- (1).
dislocate, to cause to ~ a joint vt. pitáuktit-.
dismantle, to ~ vt. suqumit-.
dismantle, to ~ a house vt. tupqiyaq- (2).
dismayexcl. alakkaa! (2).
dismay, expression of ~ excl. ayai!;excl. ayas!;excl. nanaa.
disobedience n. kamaksriñàiãiq.
disobedient, to be ~ vi. uqaqsiàiit- (1).
disobey, to ~ vi. qapiqtauti- (2);vi. tupiksriñàit-;vt. paaqâak-;vt. paaqsaaq-.
disordered, to become ~ vi. uniuqtit- (2).
disparage, to ~ vi. iáisimatluäniraaq- (2);vt. piiäiáaqsruq- (1);vt. pipasaàiäit-.
disperse, to ~ vi. akullaq- (C);vt. siapsi-.
display, to ~ vt. mani-.
displeased, to be ~ vi. quyalinàit-.
displeasure excl. alai! (2).
displeasure, expression of ~ n. makvak (2).

diseasedisposition, to have a bad ~ vi. irrusiàiit- (C);vi. irrusriàiit-.

disposition, to have a good ~ vi. irrusiàik- (C);vi. irrusriàik-.

disppointment excl. annaa;

excl. annii;
excl. araummaa! (C);excl. arii!
disputen. sanmisiãiq.
disregard, to ~ vt. siáiäiq-2;
vt. suliqutinàiq-;vt. suqutiginàiq-;vt. suqutiginàit-.
disregard, to ~ time vt. siáait-.
disrespect, to ~ vt. suksraàinàiq- (1).
dissatisfaction n. iqaksri.
dissatisfied, to be ~ vi. iqaksri-.
dissuade, to ~ vt. navguqsaaq-.
distance, to ~ someone vt. uäasiktit-.
distant, to be ~ vi. uäasrik-.
distended, to feel ~vi. tiääiqsi-.
distill, to ~ vt. immi- (2);vt. immiuq- (2).
distinct, to be ~ vi. nalunait- (1).
distinct, to become ~ vi. nalunaiq- (1).
distort, to ~ an image (of heat) vt. iñipkaq-;
vt. uyumiq-.
distort, to ~ one's face vt. iqumiraaq-.
distract, to ~vt. alapisraaq-;
vt. ulapisaaq- (C).
distract, to ~ a baby vt. inat-.
distracted, to get ~ vi. alapit- (2);vi. ulapit- (2).
distressn. sakiqniuàun.
distress, to ~ vt. naäitit-.
distressed, to be ~ vi. naäinnaqsi- (1);vi. naäit- (2);vi. tirruksi-.
distressed, to become ~ vi. saiñàitchak-.
disturb, to ~ vt. alapisraaq-;
vt. quaqsaaqtit- (1).
disturbed, to get ~ (of water) vi. uäiáak- (2).
ditch
n. iáunaaq;
n. iáuqsraäanaaq;
n. iáuqsraq (C);n. iminäaniq (C);n. itiqsraq;
n. qaluqsraq (2).
ditch, drainage ~ n. kurriaq.

313

ditch, to dig a ~doughditch, to dig a ~ vt. itiqsri-.
dive at, to ~ (of protective bird) vi. tuluaàaq-.
dive, to ~ vi. nakkaq- (1).
dive, to ~ for a fish (of a bird) vt. qaluksaq- (1).
dive, to ~ in water (of a muskrat) vi. ipuqhuq-;
vi. puqhuq-.

dive, to ~ into water (head first) vi. itauri- (2).
dive, to ~ (of a sea mammal) vi. mukpak-.
diver
n. nakkaaàaqti.
divert, to ~ vi. akivik-.
divide, to ~ vt. avik- (2).
divided, to be ~ vi. atinàiq- (1).
divided, to be ~ (e.g. in allegiance) vi. avguma-.
divided, to be ~ (of people) vi. malàui-.
divinern. nalautchaqti.
divining rod n. qillan;
n. qiáagautaq (2).
n. avgumaâiq;n. avgun (1).
divorce, to ~ vt. avit- (1).
dizzy, to be ~ vi. aayaaäa-;
vi. aiyaaäa- (C);vi. kaivaaäa-;
vi. kaivraanäu-.
dizzy, to become ~ vi. kapyaliq- (2).

divisionvi. kuniàaq-.

do it!
excl. ki.
do it right! excl. nalaiñ!
do, to ~ something vi. atuq- (2);dog, black ~ with with spots above eyes
iriàutilik.
dog dishn. aluàvik.
dog mush (food) n. aluk.
dog pack
n. nanmaun (3);n. natmaun (3).
dog sled
n. uniaq.

iñuunaitchuaq.

dome
n. piäuksranauraq.
domesticate, to ~ an animal vt. nuyuiqsaq- (1).
domineer, to ~ vi. atanàuniaq-.
domino piece n. taammak.
don, to ~ (clothing) vt. ati-2.
done, to be ~ (of meat) vi. uut- (1).
don'texcl. aääua!
don't!
excl. aääuuä! (C).
don't do it! excl. piññak!
don't do that excl. ñia.
don't do that! excl. ñiaq!
don't know excl. atchu (C).
don't mess it up! excl. nalaiñ!
door
n. talu;
n. upkuaq.

dizzy, to become suddenly ~ (associated with
failure of normal blood circulation)

vi. suniaq-;
vi. suniuraq-;vi. suraàa-.
do well, to be able to ~ vi. piágu-.
dockn. tulagiaq.
dock, to ~ vi. apuàaksaaq-;
vi. tulak-.
doctrines
n. ukpiàusriq.
dodge, to ~ vt. igáiq-.
dodge, to ~ arrows, vi. uuyuliaq-.
dog
n. qipmiq.

n. atliàauraq.

doing, what are you ~ ? quest. suvich?
doll
n. iñuääuaq.
doll, to make a ~ vi. iñuääuali-.
domain, shaman's ~ (for slayings) n.

n.

dog (that bites through restraining rope and frees
itself) n. kigiyuk (2).
dog, trained reindeer herding ~ n. laavlauraq.
dogma
n. iáisauttusiaq.
doily
n. alliàauraq;

door, beyond the ~ dem.adv. sakma.
door material n. taluksraq.
door, to have a ~ vi. paanik-.
door, to install a ~ vi. paggutchiq-;

vt. taluliq-.
n. tiguàiq.
n. aluiyaun;
n. tutmiàaq (1).
doorwayn. paa (1).
dorsal area of fish n. qaa (2).
dorsal fin n. suluun (2).
dotn. titiq;
n. tuuàniq (1).
dote, to ~ on someone vi. suquti-.
double letters n. aippaàiik (3).
double seam, item with a ~ n. malàuiáik.
double seam, to sew a ~ vt. malàuutchi-.
double-bladed oar n. paaqtutik.
doubt
n. nalupqisruun.
doubt, to ~ vt. arguagi-;
vt. arguaqquti- (C);vt. nalupqisuk-.
doubt, to ~ the quality of one's work vi.
malukkagi-.
doubt, to be without ~ vi. nalunaiq- (2);vi. nalunait- (2).
doubt, to remove ~ vt. arguagiyumiñaiq-.
doubtern. arguaqtuqtuaq.
doubtful, to be ~ vi. arguaànaq-;
vi. arguasruk-;vi. kipuyunaq-.
doubtful, to become ~ vi. nalunaqsi- (2).
doughn. akutaq (C).

doorknobdoormat314

dough (still rising)drift, to ~ ashore

dough (still rising) n. puvlaksiàniq.
dough (to be baked) n. puvlaksiaq.
doughnut n. muqpauraq;

vt. kalit-;
vt. qamuk- (2).
drag, to ~ carelessly vt. kalikâuk-;vt. kaliukâuk-.

n. uqsrukuaqtaq.

douse, to ~ a fire with water vi. qaptiq-.
dowitcher, long-billed ~ n. siyyukpalik.
down
n. qiviu.
down below dem.adv. kanna.
down that way dem.adv. unna.
down there, from ~ dem.adv. kanakäa;

drag, to ~ with a line over one's shoulder vt.
uniaq-.

dragged, to be ~ vi. kaliksiq-.
dragonfly n. niulàiq (1).
drain, to ~ vi. imaqi- (C);vt. imaiq-2.

dem.adv. kanaääa (C);dem.adv. unakäa;
dem.adv. unaääa (C).
down there, from ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
samakäa;dem.adv. samaääa (C).
down there, located ~ dem.adv. kanani;dem.adv. unani.

drain, to ~ out vi. imaiq-1 (1).
drained, to be ~ of energy vi. sayait-.
drained, to become ~ of energy vi. sayaiq-.
draining, to be ~ (of a sore) vi. uqsruàiak-.
draw, to ~ vi. nuqit-.
draw, to ~ a bow vt. qilu-2 (3).
draw, to ~ a line vt. titiq-.
draw, to ~ a picture vt. arriái- (C);dem.adv. samani.
down there: moving/extended dem.adv. unna.
down there: not visible dem.adv. samma.
down there: stationary/specific dem.adv. kanna.
down there, through ~ dem.adv. kanuuna.
down there, through ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
samuuna1.
down there, through the general area ~ dem.adv.
unuuna.
down there, toward ~ dem.adv. kanuäa;
dem.adv. samuäa;
dem.adv. unuäa.
downriver, located ~ dem.adv. kanna;
dem.adv. samma.
downriver, located ~ (visible) dem.adv. kanani.
downriver, located at a place ~ pos. uquani.
downriver, one furthest ~ n. uqquqâiq.
downriver, to be the one furthest ~ vi. uqquqâiu-.
downriver, to come ~ vi. ataaqtuq- (2).

draw, to ~ back vi. kiñumuak-.
draw, to ~ fishing line (game) vi. ayagaaq-.
draw, to ~ the curtains
vi. ukkuaq-.
draw, to ~ together (change size) vi. iqi-;

down there, located ~ somewhere (not visible)

downriver, to travel toward the furthest location ~vi. uqquqâiñaaq-.

downriver, toward ~ pos.adv. atmun (2);pos.adv. uqutmun.

vi. siñivri-.

drag, to ~vi. iqiràaq-;vi. iqit-1 (1).
drawern. amuraàaaq.
drawers, chest of ~ n. iááivik (2).
drawstring n. uäiàun.
drawstring casing n. uäiàvik.

drawstring (on knee-high mukluks) n. paqtiàraq.
drawstrings for boots or short fur pants n.
uäiàutik.

dread
n. iqsiñaqtuaq.
dreadful, to be ~ n. iqsiñaq-.
dreamn. siññaqtuq.
dream, to ~ vi. siññaqtuq-.
dream, to have bad a ~ vi. siññaqtuumaqâuk-.
dregs
n. kiñalluq.
dress
n. ataraaq (2);n. qaliàuuraq (1).

dress pants, woman's ~ n. sivuàalgich.
dress, to ~ vt. atnuàaaqtuq-.
dress, to ~ in warm winter clothing vt. uquqsaq-.
dressed, to be ~ well vi. paknamaaàik-.
dried apple n. siutiääuaq.
dried meat kept in seal oil n. kiniqtat.
dried meat of ugruk n. mipkuq (1).
dried meat or fish n. paniqtaq.
dried, to be ~ out vi. pannakâuk-1.
dried, to become ~ (of oil) vi. puyauq- (1).
dried up item n. misaiq.
dried whitefish n. paniqtuuraq.
drift, to ~ vi. saqsruaq- (2).
drift, to ~ ashore vi. tipi-.

downward motion pos.adv. atmukpuuq.
downward, to go ~ vi. atiq- (2).
downwards pos.adv. atmun (1).
doze, to ~ off vi. siñivriala-.
dozing, to keep ~ off vi. siñaavri-;draft
n. aqâa.
draft control n. umiktaun.
draft hole of a wood stove
drafty, to be ~ vi. aqâa-;

vt. atriái-.

n. supluaqtuàvik.

vi. auàniq-.
vt. kalik-;315drift, to ~ in a boat
drift, to ~ in a boat vi. tiksiq-.
drift, to ~ seaward vi. avallak- (C) (1).
drift, to ~ the wrong way vi. aäiááuq-.
drifting snow n. natiàvik.
driftwood n. siamàuq;

n. tipraàlut;n. tipraq.
drill
n. niuàaun (1);n. niuqtuun.
drill bitn. siku2 (1);n. sikuq (1).
drill, Eskimo ~ n. pattaq.
drill, to ~ vt. niuàaq-;vt. niuqtuq-.
drill, to use a ~ vi. pattaqtuq-.
drink, to ~ a hot drink vi. yuuqaq-.
drink, to ~ a little vi. imillak-.
drink, to ~ a shot vt. imiqsiñik- (2).
drink, to ~ alcohol vt. imiq- (2).
drink, to ~ broth vt. imiàaqtuq-.
drink, to ~ from a bottle vi. miluksuutituq-.
drink, to ~ ice water vi. sikutuq-.
drink, to ~ more alcohol vt. iáa-1 (2).
drink, to ~ rapidly vt. imiàaqsi- (1).
drink, to ~ tea vi. saiyutuq-.
drink, to ~ water vt. imiq- (1).
drink, to give a ~ vt. imiksrit-;
vt. imiqtit-.
drinkable, to be ~ vi. imiànaq-.
drinking straw n. tuqâuaq (3).
drip, can for catching a ~ n. kusriàvik.
drip (liquid falling in drops) n. kusriàñiq.
drip pann. iñàaun.
drip, to ~vi. kusriq-;
vi. kutit-;vi. maqi- (1).
drip, to ~ continually vi. kutaaq-.
drip, to ~ extensively vi. quàluula-;
vi. quàmi- (1).
drip, to use a can for catching a ~ vt.
kusriiáitchiq-.
drive, to ~ vt. maäuk- (1).
drive, to ~ a dog team vi. uniaàaq-.
drive, to ~ animals vt. uäuuq-.
drivel, to ~ vi. manuluk-.
drizzlen. miñik (1).
drizzle, to ~ vi. miñikula-;vi. siáaluaq-.
drizzle, to ~ lightly
vi. quiqãuk- (2).
drizzling rain n. quiqãuk.
drone
n. imiglula (1).
drool, to ~ vi. innuli- (1);vi. manuluk-;vi. quàliaq- (1);duck, common scoter ~vi. quàliula- (2).

droop, to ~ (of a dog's ears) vi. paâu-.
drooping ears, a dog with ~ n. paâutaq.
droopy, to be ~ (of a dog's ears) vi. paâuäa-.
drop of spruce resin (chewing gum) n.
puvliànaq;n. puvliàniq.
drop sound n. chaqammuq.
drop, to ~ vi. katak- (2).
drop, to ~ crumbs vi. kanàala- (1);vt. kanàaala-.

drop, to ~ off (of the ocean floor)
drop, to ~ on vt. kattaqi-.
drop, to ~ something vt. katai-;vi. qutait- (2).

dry, to ~ a skin (while tanning it)
dry, to be ~ vi. imàiq-;vi. paniqtuuq-.

vt. kataityaq-;
vt. kataktitchi-.
drown, to ~ vi. ipi-;
vt. ipit-.
drowsy, to be ~ vi. iqianniuq-.
drudgen. aàramiu (C) (2).
drumn. qilaun;n. qiáaun (1).
drum skin n. kasraun.
drum, to beat a ~ vi. qiáaurraq-;
vt. kasrak-.
drummer
n. kasrautitaqti;
n. qiáausiraqti.
drumstick n. kasraun;n. mipkuq (2).
drunk person n. imiliqsuaq;n. taaääaqtauq.
drunk, to be ~ vi. alapittaq-.
dry mouth n. misaiq.

vi. paliq-;
vi. paliuma-;
vi. pannaàik-.
dry, to become ~ vi. panigaqsi-;
vi. paniq-;
vi. paniqsi-;
vt. pannakâuk-2.
dry, to make ~ vt. paniqsiq-.
dry up, to ~ vi. imaiq-1 (2).
drying rack, ~ for fish or meat n. iñisaq (1).
drying rack, to fix a ~ vt. iñisaliuq-.
drying rack, to make a ~ vt. iñisaliuq-.
drying rack, to set up a ~ vi. iññitchiq-.
drying, to be ~ (half-dry) vi. parruk-.
duckn. tiämiaàruk.
duck, bluebill ~ n. qaqâutuuq.
duck, bufflehead ~ n. nunuqsiàiiáaq (1).
duck, common eider ~ n. amauligruaq.
duck, common scoter ~ vi. uviñauyuk.

316

duck, diving ~

echo, to ~ loudly

duck, diving ~ n. killalik (1).
duck, greater scaup ~ n. qaqâuqpalik (1).
duck, harlequin ~ n. saàvam tiämiaq.
duck, king eider ~ n. qiäalik.
duck, lesser scaup ~ n. qaqâutuuq.
duck, male eider ~ n. mitiq.
duck, mallard ~ n. ivugasrugruk.
duck, molting ~n. isa (C);n. iktaqaàvik;n. naaptiàvik.
dump (place for refuse) n. iksivik.
dung flyn. anaqsiuàayuk.
dunlinn. siggukpaligauraq;
n. siyyukpaligauraq (1).
durable item
n. ittuàniq.
durable, to be ~ vi. piiñàiyait-.
dusk
n. tanuàak.
dusky, to become ~ vi. taaq- (2).
dust
n. apyuq (2);n. kavvik;
n. sanik (1).
dust, cloud of ~ n. avyuq (C) (3).
dusty, to be ~ vi. sanäu-.
dwarf
n. iñuquâigauraq (C).
dwindle, to ~ vi. imaqi- (C).
dyen. kipitchiun.
dye, to ~vt. kipit-2.
dyed skin n. kipitchiaq.
dying, to be ~ vi. tuqusia-.

n. isra.

duck, oldsquaw ~ n. aahaaliq.
duck, pintail ~ n. ivugaq.
duck, redbreasted merganser ~ n. paisugruk.
duck, Steller's eider ~ n. igniqauqtuq (C).
dug-out (shelter) n. maääuq (2).
dull instrument n. ipkiáaq.
dull, to ~ a knife vt. ipkiq-.
dull, to be ~ vi. ipkit-;vi. qaak-.

dull, to become ~ vi. ipkiái-;vi. kigiñait-.

dump (for honey buckets) n. kuviàaàvik (2).
dump (for refuse) n. igitchivik;

E - eeach, to ~ other pos.adv. avatmun (1).
each, to ~ side pos.adv. avatmun (2).
eager, to be ~ vi. piyummaaàik-;earwaxn. siàri.
east side; eastward n. kivaliàiq.
easterly direction n. kilu (2).
easy, to be ~vi. sakiqnait-;

vi. taqqiñäuq-;vi. ui- (3);vi. utaqqiñäuq-.
eager, to be too ~ vi. uivriqi- (2).
eagle, bald ~ n. tiämiaqpak (1).
eagle, golden ~ n. tiämiaqpak (2).
earn. siun.
ear cavity n. siutäuraq.
ear, to operate an ~ vi. siusiqi-.
ear wax
n. kutchuq (2).
ear wax, hard sticky ~ n. kutchuàruaq.
ear wax, to remove ~ vt. siàiiyaq-;
vt. siàri-.
earache, to have an ~ vi. siutigiit-.
eardrums, to hurt one's ~ vt. qukiq-.
earlier— sivuani, see: sivu1.
early autumn n. ukiaksraq.
early, to be ~ vi. piññaàiaq-.
early, to be ~ in the morning vi. uvlaatchau-.
earn, to ~ vt. aki- (2).
earnings
n. akiáik (1);n. akiáiusiaq (2).
earringn. uyamitquq (1).
earrings, pair of ~ n. siutiàutik.
earth
n. nuna.

vi. sapiànait-;vi. siàáiàñait-.
easy, to be ~ to admonish vi. uqaqsiàiaq- (2).
easy, to be ~ to do vi. qaàanaq- (1).
easy, to be ~ to speak to vi. pitchiàiaq-.
eat supper, to ~ vi. nullautchiq-.
eat, to ~vi. niài-.
eat, to ~ a meal vi. niàiñiaq-.
eat, to ~ after arriving vt. tikiutchiq-1 (1).
eat, to ~ everything vt. ippaq-.
eat, to ~ quickly vi. upni-1;
vt. aâhatit-;
vt. apqaâak- (C).
eat, to ~ the best part vt. taäiq-.
eat, to ~ too much vt. niààiqsu-.
eat, to ~ with a spoon vt. aluutaàaq-.
eating, to go without ~ vi. uisa- (2).
ebb tiden. imaiññiq.
ebb, to ~vi. imaiq-1 (2).
eccentric, to be ~ vi. maluknaq-.
echo
n. akiãuk (C);n. qatraq.
echo, to ~ vi. qatraq-.
echo, to ~ loudly vi. qaiàuq-.

317

echo, to ~ (walking on hard snow)
echo, to ~ (walking on hard snow) vi.

qikiàaqpaluktaq-.
eclipse, to ~ vi. pula- (2).
ecstatic, to be ~ vi. quviatchaksaaàaq-.
eczema, moist ~ (disease of dogs) n. kiñiq (1).
eddies, line of ~ in the ocean n. piáàaàniq.
eddy
n. aäiááuq.
edge
n. akuq (1);n. avalu (1);n. siñi (1).
edge, angular ~ n. quagruk.
edge, to ~ vi. akuqtu-.
edge, to be near the ~ vi. patlik-.
edge (wall or floor) n. killi.
edible root n. aiàaq (C);n. masru.
edible sea worm n. qupilàuàruaq.
edible, to be ~ vi. niàiñaq- (2).
eeln. nimiàiaq.
eeth, to work on ~ vt. kigusriqi-2.

effects, to feel the ~ of smoking too much tobacco
vi. kimni-.

effort, to exert ~ vi. sii-.
effort, to make every ~ to please one's selfish
desires vi. uiviit-.
egg
n. mannik.
egg beater n. manniáiqqun.
egg white n. natatquq (2).
egg yolk
n. kanuääiq (2).
eggshelln. mannium sauniäa;
n. saunaaq (2).

egocentric, to be ~ vi. iàáiktu-.
eight
n. tallimat piñasrut.
eight (at cards) n. quliligaq.
eighteenn. akimiaq piñasrut.
eightyn. sisamakipiaq.
either (way) conj. nallipalaaäak.
eject, to ~ vt. anitqataq-.
eject, to ~ from the mouth vt. uàiaq-2 (1).
elastic
n. tasiraàaaq (C);elbow

n. ugligaq.
n. ikusik (C);n. ikusrik.

elbows, to lean on one's ~vi. ikusiksimaaq-;
vi. ikusriksimaaq-.
elder
n. sivulliuqtiàruaq;
n. umialiänaq.
elders ~ (in church) n. qaukâiich;
n. utuqqanaat.
elders (in church) n. umialiänat.
elect, to ~ vt. piksraq- (1).
electricity n. quaqsaaàautit.
elephant
n. kiligvak.
elevated, to be ~ vi. qaäata-.

empathyelevenelf

n. qulit atausriq.
n. aaàaayiq (C);n. iàaaq;
n. naaluääiaq.
elf, country ~ n. iñugaqaâigauraq;
n. iñuäuluuraq.
eliminate, to ~ vt. suksraaq-.
elongated, to be ~ vi. takiäaaq-.
embark, to ~ vi. iki- (1);vi. iku-.

embark, to ~ an overloaded boat or sledvi.
usriqsuq-.
embarrass, to ~ vi. suqpagi- (2);vt. kanäutchiaq-.
embarrassed, to be ~ vi. siäisruk- (2).
embarrassed, to be ~ about vi. tutqaasruk- (1).
embarrassed, to be ~ about one's work vi.
malukkagi-.
embarrassed, to be ~ by someone's action vt.
kanäugi-.
embarrassed, to become ~ vi. kanäutchak-.
embarrassed, to feel ~ vi. iruq-;
vi. qikigi- (1);vi. suqpagi- (1).
embedded, to be ~ vi. kalipqit-;
vi. kalivsiq-;
vi. kapputi-.
embedded, to feel ~ food in one's throat vi.
tumanäu-.
embellish, to ~ vi. qiñiyunaqusriqsuq-.
embellishment n. qiñiyunaqusriq.
ember
n. auma (1);n. aumaraq (1).
embittered, to be ~ vi. isumanäutchauti- (C);vi. isrumanäutchauti-.
embody, to ~ vt. iáaniktuuqtit-.
embrace, to ~ vt. iqimik-;
vt. iqimmaaq-;
vt. iqit-2;
vt. iqittaaq-;
vt. saàliri-.
embryon. iññuksraq.
embryo, to form an ~ vi. iññuk-1;
vi. iññuksri-.
emerge, to ~vi. puktaq-;
vi. puptaq-;
vi. sipkiq- (2).
emergence n. avaàniq (C) (2).
emit, to ~ a crushing noise vi. siaksruk- (2).

emit, to ~ a crushing noise (audible in distance)
vt. siaksrula-.

empathetic, to be ~ toward s.o. vi. nagligisuànaq-.
empathyn. anniumman;
n. atniumman.

318

empathy, to have ~entertain, to ~ a baby

empathy, to have ~vi. atniuma-.
emphasis, or relative proximity prefix. ta-.
employed, to be ~ vi. savaaqaqtit-.
employment n. savaaq (1).
empower, to ~ vt. saääiqutiksrik-.
empowered, to be ~ vi. taluànaqusiq-.
empty, to ~ vi. imaiq-1 (1);n. igáutuiãiq.

endure, to ~ vi. anuqsru-;

vi. igáutuq-;
vi. isiqsu-;
vi. siqsu-;
vi. tuniqsima- (2).

endure, to ~ something unpleasant vi. manimmi-.
enduring, to become ~vi. anuqsrusi-.
enema equipment n. anaqtitaun;

vt. imaiq-2.
empty, to be ~ vi. imait-.

empty-handed, to go ~ vi. niqsanàit-.
enchant, to ~ vt. aäatkuaq-.
encircle, to ~ vt. avataäiq-;n. immiàaun;n. itiqsiun.
enema, to inject an ~ vt. immiàaq-.
enemy
n. uumigiri;
n. uumiksriri.
energetic, to be ~ vi. aààallaaàik-;vi. iqiit-;
vi. kayumik- (1);vi. pirraaàik- (2);vi. qaàait-.
energetic, to become ~ vi. kayumiksi-.
energized, to be ~ vi. kayummak-.
enforce, to ~ vt. tugliáiq-.
engine for car n. igniqqutit (C).
English, to speak ~vi. naluaàmiuraaq-.

vt. kaivraàusriq-;
vt. paa-2 (2).
encircled, to be ~ vi. kaivraàutiqaq-.
enclitic
n. iigu (1);n. uuyu (1).
enclosure n. sappun (2).
encourage strongly, to ~ vt. siimasraaq-.
encourage, to ~ vt. araaqtuq-;
vt. arak-;
vt. arakâiq-;vt. kiikaaqsruq-;
vt. pitchuksaaq-;
vt. piyummatiqaqtit-;
vt. qapiäaisaaq-;
vt. siimasaaq- (2);vt. sikhatchauài-.
encouraged, to be ~ vi. kipiài- (2);vi. piyumaatchak-;vi. piyuumitchak-.
encouraged, to become ~ vi. nikanàiq-.
encouraged, to feel ~ vi. suyumaâiq-.
encouragement n. pitchuksaaàun.
encourager n. pitchuksaaqti.
end
n. isu (C);n. isru;
n. naa.
end, the ~ of a loaf of bread n. isugluk (2).
end, the ~ of something n. aqulliq.
end, to ~vi. naasaaq- (1);vi. nuäit-;vi. qasruq-;
vt. naa-.
end, to ~ (of day) vi. uvluiq-.
end, to ~ (of wind) vi. qaruq-.
end, to come to an ~ vi. isukâit- (C) (1);vi. naa-;
vt. isrukâit-.
ending (finishing piece or part) n. naarrun.
endless, to be ~ vi. isuit- (C) (1);vi. isruit- (1).
endorse, to ~ vt. tappiq-2 (2).
endurance n. anuqsruâiq;enjoy eating, to ~ a pleasing meal, especially incompany vi. kayummiraq-.
enjoy, to ~ vt. nakuaqsri-.
enjoy, to ~ food vt. aisaqtit- (C) (1).
enjoy, to ~ listening to another speak vi.
tusraayugaaq-.

enjoy, to ~ watching something vt. nakkutigi-.
enlarge, to ~vt. agliáaaq-;
vt. sipaaq-.

enlighten, to ~ vt. qagguti- (2).
enmityn. sanmisiãiq.
enough!
excl. naama.
enough! plenty! excl. apai!
enough, to have ~ vi. naama-.
enrage, to ~ vt. agak-2 (1);vt. pisaayugaq- (1);vt. uumisaaqâiq- (1).
enraged, to be ~ vi. isumanäutchauti- (C);vi. isrumanäutchauti-.
enroll, to ~ someone vt. atchiq- (2).
enrollment n. atchiàñiq (2);n. atchiiñiq (2);n. iáaliutiniaâiksraq.
ensnared, to become ~ vi. napit- (1).
entangled, to be(come) ~ vi. iááak-.
enter, to ~ vi. isiq-.
entertain, to ~ vt. aliitkutigi-;
vt. nakut-;
vt. nakutchi-.
entertain, to ~ a baby vt. inatchi-.

319

entertain, to ~ visitors
entertain, to ~ visitors vi. iglarriq- (2).
entertaining, to be ~ vi. alianait- (1).
enthusiasm, to arouse ~ vt. igligutchak-.
enthusiastic, to be ~ vi. mapkuummi- (1);vi. qapiäait- (2).

enticed, to be ~ vi. ikãigutchak-;

vt. kaviuàutchak-.
base. iluqaq.
n. ilàaviich;n. iáut.
entrance
n. paalik.
entrance hole in a sod house n. katak.
entrapment (animal hunt) n. uäurrivik (2).
entrapped, to get ~ vi. naasaaq- (2).
entreat, to ~ vt. qasriái- (1).
entryn. paa (1).
entryway, from near the ~ dem.adv. uakäa.
entryway, old fashioned outer ~ n. palliq (2).
envelop, to ~ vt. puuqtuq-.
envelope
n. puuksraq (1).
envious, to be ~ vi. piäatu-;
vi. tusu-.
envision, to ~ vi. tautuktuuraaq- (1).
envy
n. killuqsriãiq;n. tutchun.
envy, expression of ~ excl. suuääuq.
envy, to ~ vt. iàáikkuti-;
vt. killuài-;
vt. kimigi-;
vt. siqñagi- (1).
envy, to ~ someone eating vt. iisaq- (2).

entireentrails

envy, to ~ someone eating but unable to join vt.
kakkaaqsaq-.
envy, to cause ~ vi. tusunaq-;
vi. tusrunaq-.
epidemic
n. naäirrun (3).
epidermis n. uviñiq.

epileptic, to have an ~ seizure vi. qiiqsruq-.
equal ability, two people with ~ n. naligiik.
equal parts, one of two ~ n. aippaak.
equal, to be ~ vi. ati-1;
vi. naligi-;
vi. nalliummati- (1).
equal, to be ~ to another vi. nalimmak- (2).
equal, to have ~ abilities vi. naligi-.
equals, to be ~ vi. nalliuti- (1).
erasern. aglaiyaun.
erect, to ~ vi. nappaq-;
vt. nappai-.
erect, to be ~ vi. tikkak-.
erect, to become ~ vi. tikkaksi-.
erect, to stand ~ vi. qiviäaaq-.
erected item n. nappaqtaq2.
erection, to get an ~ vi. uummai-.

examine, to ~erminen. itiàiaq.
erode, to ~ (of earth) vi. uukkaaq- (1).
err, to ~vi. killukuaq-.
err, to ~ unintentionally vi. piraàluk-.
err, to cause someone to ~ vt. killukuaàutipkaq-.
error
n. killuq.
erupt, to ~ vi. ikniàuula-.
escapen. annagviksraq.
escape, to ~ vi. annak-;vi. annaktiq-;
vi. illuktiq-;
vi. pigruq-;
vi. qimak- (1).
escape, to ~ death vi. pitluk- (2).

escape, to help s.o. ~ from danger vt. pitluuti-.
escape, to let ~ vt. annai-.
escapeen. qimaaq.
eschew, to ~vt. quäuài-.
Eskimon. iñupiaq.
Eskimo game n. qilamitaq.
Eskimo potato n. masru;
n. nivi (1).

Eskimo potato, plant of ~ n. masuqutaq.
esophagus n. iggiaq.
especially adv. suvaluk (1).
essential, something ~ n. piitchuiññiqsrapiaqtuaq.
essential, to be ~ vi. piitchuit- (2).
establish, to ~ vt. inillak-.
established, to be ~ vi. napammaaài-.
estimate, to ~ vt. miksraut-.
eternal, to be ~ vi. isuit- (C) (1);vi. isuksraiáaaq-;
vi. isruit- (1).
eternal, toward ~ dem.adv. imuäa.
eternity
n. isuksraiáaaq.
evacuate, to strain to ~ bowels vi. siäuk- (1).
evade, to ~ vt. igáiq-.
evaluate, to ~ vi. naliàak- (2).
evaporate, to ~ vi. apyuq- (1).
evenencl. unnii.
evening
n. anaqa;
n. unnuk.
evening, to be ~ vi. unnuk-.
evenly, to sew ~ vi. kilugik- (1).
event
n. suurautilaaq.
everyonen. iñupayaaq.
everything n. supayaaq.
evidence
n. taäiq (1).
evident, to be ~ vi. iáisimanaq-.
evident, to make ~ vt. tikkuaàuti-.
evil one, the ~ n. pigiitchuaq.
evil, to be ~ vi. pigiit-.
exalt, to ~ vt. kamaksruq-.
examine, to ~ vt. qanuqitilaaq-;

320examine, to ~ (by hand)

expression of surprise
existencen. iâiq (1).
exitn. paalik.
exit, beyond the ~ (not visible) dem.adv. saäma

vt. qiñimmaaàiksaaq-.

examine, to ~ (by hand) vi. saptaq- (2).
examine, to ~ critically vt. qaunaksruq-.
examplen. urrakusraun;(C).

exit, from toward the ~n. uuktuun (2).
example, to use as an ~ vt. urrakusrautigi-.
exceed, to ~ vt. anak-;vt. sipiq-;
vt. sipit-2.
excel, to ~ vt. iäiaq-;
vt. sivulik-.
excelling person n. iäiaqatautraq;
n. sivulikkatautraq.
except— avataagun, see: avati.
excessive excl. apairrigaq.
excessive gas, to have ~ vi. puvliqi-.
excessive, to be ~ vi. aiyuiáisuu- (C);vi. araaq-.
excessive, to be ~ in behavior vi. atqunaq-.
excessively, to talk ~ vi. uqaàuu- (2).
excessiveness n. anagaàutraâiq;n. suvaâuâiq.
exchange n. simmiq;
n. simmiun.
exchange, to ~ vi. simmiq-;vi. simmiusriq-.
exchange, to ~ wives vi. aäutauqasi-.
exchange, to make an ~ vi. simmiáiq-.
exchange, to offer for ~ vt. akitchaq-.
excited, to get ~ vi. suallak-;vi. upit- (1).
exclude, to ~ others vt. kisimàuq-.
excrement, part of ~ hanging from rectum n.
qiuââuaq.
excusen. pisanàitchuuàun.
"excuse me!" excl. pisanàitchikpiñ.
excuses, to make ~ vi. patchisiqsuq-.
executive session n. qaukâiâhiñat.
exercise, mental ~ n. iáisaaksraq.
exercise, to ~ vi. atuyusraq-;
vt. iáisaaq-.
exhale, to ~ vi. supimik- (2);vi. supuqtaàviaq-.
exhaust pipen. supuqtaàvik (2).
exhausted, to be ~ vi. akpakkaq- (C);vi. iqiasruk-;vi. minàuq- (1);vi. sakniuq-;
vi. saäniq-.
exhausted, to become ~ vi. pitáaiq-.
exhort, to ~ vt. arak-;
vt. arakâiq-.
exile
n. tigutaaqsiuvik (2).
exist, to ~ vi. it-.

dem.adv. sakmakäa;
dem.adv. uaääa (C).
exit, from toward the ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
saämaääa (C).
exit, through the ~ area dem.adv. sakmuuna.
exit, through the ~ area (not visible) dem.adv.
saämuuna.
exit, to ~vi. ani- (1).
exit, to ~ (of a group) vi. ania-.
exit, toward ~ dem.adv. uuäa.
exit, toward an ~ dem.adv. sakmuäa;
dem.adv. saämuäa.
exoneration n. patchisaiyaâiq;n. suliqutigiäaiqsauniq.
expect, to ~ vt. misigi-;
vt. niàiugi-;
vt. niàiuk-;vt. taqqigi-;
vt. utaqqigi-.
expectation n. niàiugaq;
n. niàiukkun.
expel, to ~ vt. anit-.
expensive, to be ~ vi. akisu-.
experience, to ~ danger vi. anayanniuq-.
explain, to ~vt. iáitchuàipkaq- (1);vt. kaäiqsipkai-.
explode, to ~ vi. qaaq- (1);vi. qutäuàauraaq-.
explosion n. qipualaruaq.
explosion, to make a sound of an ~ vi. mapqaqtit-.
expose, to ~ vt. kilik- (2);vt. kiliktuq- (2);vt. mani-;
vt. salapqiq-2;
vt. satqummiq-.
expose, to ~ one's underside vi. niviq-1 (1).
exposed, to be ~ vi. salapqiq-1.
exposed, to leave ~ vi. manimmi- (2).
express, to ~ grief vi. anuqsruit-.

expression equivalent to, "Now that the situation
has been corrected you could do
better" or "This is better!" excl.
maatna.

expression 'my dear' voc. iyaaä.
expression of regret, e.g. "annaa!" n. saiñàisuun(1).

expression of satisfaction after something has beencorrected, adjusted or fixed to one's
taste excl. maatnakiaq.
expression of surprise excl. attai!

321expression used at flinch
expression used at flinch excl. makiq.
extend one's chin, to ~ repeatedly (of dancer) vi.
tavlumiaq-.
extend, to ~ vt. isivit- (1);vt. sivit-;
vt. uiyu-.
extend, to ~ arms vt. isaaq- (C) (2);vt. isak- (C);vt. israaq- (2);vt. israk-.
extend, to ~ one's legs vi. tukiq-.
extended, to be ~ vi. isivsalaq-.
extension n. iigu (2);n. uiyullaaq;
n. uuyu (2).
extension, the furthest ~ n. uiyuqâiq;n. uuyuqâiq.
extension, to add an ~ vt. uuyu- (1).
exterminate, to ~ vt. suksraaq-;
vt. tuqqutaksraq-.
extinguish, to ~ (by itself) vi. qami-.
extinguished, to be ~ vi. qamit-.
extraordinary, to be ~ vi. atlayuaànaq-.
extravagant, to be ~ vi. maniksuq-.
extremes, to go to ~ vt. pivaaââak- (1).
exuberant, to be ~ vi. quviatchaksaaàaq-.

fall, to ~ backward
exude, to ~ vi. imaàiak-;eye
eye cavity
eye doctor
eye drops

vi. imaqhiak-.
n. iri.
n. irisiñik (C);n. irisriñik.
n. iriliqiri.
n. irisiun (C);n. irisriun.

eye, foreign matter in the ~ n. irriutaq.
eye glasses n. irigaak.
eye, to get an object in one's ~ vi. irrit- (C).
eyebrown. qavlu.
eyebrow ridge n. qavlunaaq.
eyelashn. siqpik.
eyeless person n. iraiáaq.
eyes, person with small ~ n. irikisuuraq.
eyes, to be able to open the ~ vi. uiri-.
eyes, to be unable to open one's ~ vi. qaqiqsi-.
eyes, to have big ~ vi. kavlaq-.
eyes, to have trouble with one's ~ vi. iriluk-.
eyes, to wink one's ~ vt. iriämigaq-.
eyesight, to have good ~ vi. takpik-.
eyesight, to have poor ~ vi. irigiit-;
vi. takpiit-.

F - f
fable
fabricn. unipchaaq.
n. iáiàniq;n. iáiqniq.

fabrics with nap (velvet or flannel) n.
mitquvyualik (C).

facen. kigiñaq (1).
face cloth n. kigiñaqqun.
face, the lower ~ (of a person) n. umilàuq (2).
face, to ~ someone vi. saavit- (C) (1);vt. kigiñiq-;vt. saat-;vt. sanmi- (1).
face, to ~ the wind vt. paaqtuq- (2).
face, to be ~ to face vi. kigiñaàruiñaaq-.
face, to hurt in the ~ vt. kigiñaàuq-.
face, to make a ~ vi. uumiáa-;
vt. iqumiraaq-.
facial soap n. kigiñaqqun.
factionn. avgumaâiq;n. iämikkuaàniq.
fade away, to ~ vi. piiñàiàaq-.
fade, to ~ from view vi. nalunaqsi- (1).
faded, to get ~ by the sun (of things) vi. siáali(2).

fail, to ~ to accomplish

vi. suunàiq-;vt. itigai-;
vt. itigaq-.
fail, to ~ to be on time vi. kiñuàaq-.
fail, to ~ to notice vt. uniuq- (2).
fail, to ~ to observe vt. alapigi-.
faint, to ~ vi. aiyaaäa- (C);vi. kuniàaq-;vi. taaqtukkaq-;
vi. taaqtupkaq-;
vi. tuquanäu-.
faith
n. ukpiàun;n. ukpiàusriq;
n. ukpiqqun;
n. ukpiqsriãiq.
faithful, to be ~ vi. atlaäuqatautait- (C);vi. tuniqsima- (1);vi. tuniqsimmatri-.
falcon, peregrine ~ n. kirgavik (2).
fall time
n. ukiaq.
fall, to ~vi. katak- (1).
fall, to ~ and hit the lips vi. kunik-.
fall, to ~ away vi. nusruk-1.
fall, to ~ backward vi. nuluaq- (1).

322

fall, to ~ behindfear expression

fall, to ~ behind vi. mallit-.
fall, to ~ down (of pants) vi. kiviqi-1.
fall, to ~ down on one's face vi. kunikkaq-;

vi. maäiaq-1.
vi. paallak-;vi. paallaksraaq-;
vi. paasaaq-;
vi. palluqhiaq-;
vi. pusikkaq-;
vi. puuk- (2).
fall, to ~ from a high place vi. irukkaq- (C);vi. irupkaq-.
fall, to ~ into water vi. nakkaq- (2).
fall, to ~ out (of hair) vi. iài-;vi. uti- (2).
fall, to ~ over sideways vi. nallaksraaq-.
fall, to ~ to the ground vi. imuliq-.
fallacyn. taäiàiáaaq.
Fallopian tubes n. ipiak.
false godn. agaayyutiääuaq.
false prophet n. sivuniksriqiääuaqti.
false start, to have ~ vt. aullaqsaq-.
false stories, to tell ~ vi. sagluuraq-.
false teacher
n. taäiàiáiqirauq.
false, to be ~ vi. taäiàiáaaq-;
vi. taäiàit-.
falsehood n. taäiàiáaaq.
falsify, to ~ vi. itquànait-;vi. saglu-;
vt. itquqnait-.
familiar spirit n. qila.
familiar, to become ~ with others vi. iáapaguti-.
familiarize, to ~ vt. iáitchuàipkaq- (2).
familyn. aäayuqaaàiich;n. qitunàaàiit.
faminen. kaaänaq;n. niàisuänaq.
fann. aqâanaaàun;n. aqâayaaàun (C).
fan, to ~ someone vt. aqâanaaqtit-.
fancy mukluk trim, to make a ~ vi. quliliuq-.
fancy trim n. qupak.
far away, from ~ dem.adv. avakäa;
dem.adv. avaääa (C).
far away, to be ~ vi. uäasik-.
far away, to travel toward somewhere ~ vi.
uäavatmuk-.
far away, toward somewhere ~ pos. uäavanun.
far out, to be ~ vi. satchik-.
far out, to lie ~ in the ocean vi. sarvasrik- (1).
far out, to travel ~ from the shore vi. satchaaq-.
far over there, it is ~ excl. ammasaaàruk!
far side
pos.base. uäati.
far side, at the ~ — uäataani, see: uäati.

fall, to ~ forward323

far side, to its ~ — uäataanun, see: uäati.
far, to be ~ behind vi. aquvasik-.
farinan. qayusraaksraq.
farthest extension n. iigukâiq;n. isukâiq;n. isrukâiq.
farthest overn. avalliq.
fast, to ~vi. uisauraaq-.
fast, to be ~ vi. kayumik- (1);vi. suka-;
vi. sukat-.
fasten, to ~ vt. payaäaiksruusiq-;
vt. pituktuurallak-.
fastened, item ~ by nail n. kikiaktuutraq.
fastened, to be ~ vi. napit- (2);vi. payaäait- (2).
fastener, threaded ~ n. qipyaq.
faster, to become ~vi. kayumiksi-;
vi. sukasi-.
fat around a bird's kidneys n. qallisik;n. qatlisik.
fat around a bird's stomach n. qatliñ.
fat, belly ~ n. aqiaviñiq.
fat, intestinal ~ n. itchauraq.
fat, melted ~ n. sivaraaq.
fat, of back n. tunnuuk.
fat (on broth) n. puiñiq.
fat, to be ~ vi. quiñi-;
vi. taàutu-;
vi. uqsruu-;
vi. uviñiq-.
fat, to become ~ vi. quiññak-.
faten. sivunniq.
fathern. aapa;
n. taata.
father (term of endearment) n. paapa.
father-in-law n. aaparuaq.
fatherless child n. taataiáaq.
fathomn. isagniq (C);n. israäniq.
fatigue, to feel ~ vi. minàuq- (1).
fatten, to ~ vt. uqsraqsaq-.
fault, to find ~ vi. patchisiquti-;
vt. asiäuqsaaq- (C).
fault, to have a recognizable ~ vi. maluknaq-.
faultless, to be ~ vi. pasrigaksrait- (1).
favor, to ask a ~ vi. qanniuq-1;
vt. imit- (1).
fawn
n. nuààaq;n. nuààiayaaq.
fax machine n. aglaktitaun.
fear
n. taluqsriãiq (1).
fear expression excl. aachigaaä;
excl. aachikkaaä!

fear, to ~fear, to ~vi. nuyuaài- (2);vi. sivuuàa-;
vt. iqsigi-;
vt. taluài-;
vt. taluqsraq-2 (1).
fear, to ~ a loss vt. kapya-2;
vt. kavya-2.
fearful, to be ~ vi. ataniqsraq- (C);vi. manäait-;
vi. taluqsraq-1;
vi. tataigi- (1).
fearful, to become ~ vi. naäiatchak-.
fearless person n. katruutaq (2).
fearless, to be ~ vi. attaqsrait-;vi. attaqsranàit-;vi. iqsiñàiq-.
fearsome, to be ~ vi. sivuuàanaq-;
vi. taluànaq- (2).
feasible, to be ~ vi. nikanait- (2).
feast
n. niàiqpak.
feast, place for a feast n. niàiqpagvik (1).
feast, to ~ vi. apuàautituq- (C).
feathern. mitquq.
feathered arrow n. qaàruq sululik.
feathers, plucked ~ n. iàitchakkut (1).
Februaryn. kusrugaqtuàvik (1).
feces
n. anaq.
feckless, to be ~ vi. munatqiit-.
feeble person n. payaapak.
feed, to ~ vt. niàipkaq-.
feed, to ~ hunters (at arrival) vt. tikiutchiq-1 (2).
feel inferior, to ~ vi. piiñàiugi- (1).
feel pity, to ~ for oneself vi. piiñàiugi- (2).
feel, to ~vi. saptaq- (1);vt. aktullak- (1);vt. ikpigiaguti-;
vt. irusiq-;
vt. savitauraq-.
feel, to ~ alone after a loss vi. kiñunàuu-.
feel, to ~ pain vt. ikpigi- (1).
feel, to ~ readiness of baby's birth vi. urgiasruk-1(3).
feeling
n. ikpikkun (1).
female animal n. aànasalluq;
n. aànasralluq.
female cousin n. aànauniq (2).
female dog n. aànasuk.
female dog with her (newborn) puppies n.
qipmiaàrulik;
n. qipmiuralik.
female eider duck n. aànaviaq (C).
femur
n. kiniàniq (1).
femur bone n. quktuàaq;
n. quptuàaq.

fight, to start a ~fendern. anniutkutaq (2);n. atniyaitkutaq (2).

ferment of walrus (meat rolled in walrus skin)tuktaq.
ferment, to ~ vi. ausruk-;
vt. puvlak-.

ferment, to let blueberries ~ vi. asriaàruaq-.
fermented, to be ~ vi. siiàñaq- (3).
fermenting, place for ~ (of food) n. autchiivik.
fertilizer
n. nagguksraun.
fetch, to ~ vt. ai-2;
vt. aikãiq-.

fetch, to ~ fish (from seine net of from storage)
vt. qaluksaq- (2).

fetch, to ~ rocks vt. iyaàaksaq-.
fetch, to ~ sod vt. nunataq-.
fetch, to ~ water (any time) vt. imiqtaq-.
fetch, to ~ water (in winter) vt. sikutaq-.
fetus
n. iáummiq;
n. iáummiutaq.

fetus of an animal n. iváauq.
fever, to have a ~ vi. uunnaqâuk-.
few
adj. iñugiakkit;
adj. iñukkit.

few caribou n. tuttuàaurat.
few days ago adv. ikpaksraaq.
few, to be ~ vi. iñugiakkit-.
few, very ~ adj. ikituurat;

adj. iñugiakkisuurat.

fiancé
n. uiksraun.
fiber of meat n. nukiqqut (1).
fibrous, to be too ~ to eat vi. saunarri-.
fibula (lower leg) n. amiáàaq (2).
field
n. nautchiivik.
fierce animal n. ugiayuk.
fiery, to be ~ vi. aumalik-.
fifteenn. akimiaq.
fifty
n. malàukipiaq qulit.
fight
n. isauâiq (C);n. israuâiq.
vi. qiniq- (2);vi. suàuk-;vi. ugiaq-1;
vt. aäuyak-;vt. aqak- (C)2;
vt. isagvigi- (C);vt. isragvigi-.
fight, to ~ and snatch vt. aatiq-.
fight, to ~ back vt. akiuàuti-.
fight, to ~ each other vt. aäuyaksauti-.
fight, to ~ (of caribou)
vi. nagruk-.
fight, to ~ over something vt. aqsaurraq-.
fight, to start a ~ vt. aäuyaksaq-;
vt. aäuyyiuqsiq-;

fight, to ~

324

n.

fighterfighterfighters
fighting
file

fish scaler
fingertips, pads of one's ~ n. aàvak (3).
finish, the ~ line n. naa.
finish, to ~ vi. naasaaq- (1);vt. iksaq- (C) (1);vt. iksauti- (2).
n. aäuyakti;n. aäuyyiaqtauq;
n. suàruk.
n. aäuyaktaut.
n. aäuyaâiq.
n. agiaàun;n. agiaq;
n. agiun (C).
vt. agik-.

file, to ~file, to ~ the initial cutting edge of an ulu vt.

qaagrak-.
vt. iáummiutchiq- (1);vt. immiq-2.
fill, to ~ a crack
vt. upsiqsruq-;
vt. uvsigi-;
vt. uvsiqsruq-.
fill, to ~ a seal poke vt. kiviq-.
fill, to ~ in vt. immiqsui-;vt. immiqsuq-.
fill, to ~ the tank with gasoline vt. uqsriq- (1).
fill, to ~ up vi. nalimmak- (1);vt. immiq-2;
vt. ulit-2 (1).
filled, to be ~ vi. iáuturuaq.
filled with adv. imalik.
fillern. upsiqsruun;n. uvsiqsruun.
filter (cloth) n. suqâuiyaun.
filth, to remove ~ vt. suaqâuiq-.
filthy, to be ~ vi. suaqâuu-.
final trade pricen. nalliun.
finallyadj. kiisaimma.
find, to ~vt. paqit-.
find, to ~ a bird's nest vt. pikiut-.
find, to ~ a carcass drifted ashore vi. siáut-.
find, to ~ (by digging) vt. navraaq-.
find, to ~ each other vt. paqquti-.
find, to ~ jetsam on shore vt. tiprak-.
find, to ~ out vt. iáitchuài-;
vt. iáitchuqsri-.
fine, to be ~ vi. nakuu-.
fingern. argak (2);n. iñugauraq (1).
finger, little ~ n. iqitquq;
n. iqitquuraq;
n. itiquuraq (1).
finger pull (game of strength) n. argaämigaq.
finger, the ring ~ n. mikiáàaq.
fingernail n. kukik (2).
fingernails, to clip ~ vt. kukiiyaq-.
fingersn. argaich.
fingertips n. alannaat (C).

fill, to ~325

vi. qasruq-;
vt. naa-;
vt. naat-;
vt. naatchi-;vt. pianik-.
finish, to ~ one's task vi. aqulliqsaaq-;
vi. kiñulliqsaaq-.
firen. igniq;
n. ikniq (1).
fire pailn. aàra (3).
fire, to ~ at a target
vi. naksiàaq-.
fire, to build a ~ vt. igniqsuq-;
vt. ikniqsuq-;
vt. kukuk-.
fire, to pass through ~ vt. ignikkauqtuq-;
vt. iknipiakkauqtuq-.
fireplace in outdoors n. ignikkauàvik (C);n. iknikkauàvik.
firestone
n. aämaaq (C).
fireweed (edible young shoots) n. qupiqutaq.
firewood
n. qirrupiaq.
firewood, to go to get ~ vt. uummaàiaq-.
firing pin (of gun) n. katruutaq (1).
firm, to be ~ vi. payaäaiq- (2).
first condition n. sivuaniq.
first onen. sivulliq (1).
first snow n. apiqqaaàun;n. aputiqqaaàun;n. aputiqqaaq;
n. aputitchauraq.
first, to be the ~vi. sivulliu-.
first wifen. nuliaqqaaq.
fish
n. aqaluk (C);n. iqaluk;n. qaluk.
fish, aged ~ (thawed and ready) n. uiáaaq.
fish, any ~ caught with a seine n. qaaktaq.
fish baitn. naqisraq.
fish bonen. saunniutaq (1).
fish camp n. qaluäniaàvik (2).
fish cannery, to work at a ~ vi. qalliaq-.
fish, dried ~ (bony side) n. kiyipigaatchiat;
n. kuyapigatchiat (C).
fish hawk vi. qaluksiiàayuk.
fish headn. niaquàruaq.
fish ingredient in akutuq n. aanaksraq.
fish racks, four-posted ~ n. paiviit.
fish, raw ~ n. uiáaq.
fish roen. suvaich.
fish scale n. kavisiq.
fish scaler n. kavisiiqsiñ.

fish slime
fish slime

n. nivguq;
n. yuvàuq.
fish spines n. kiyipigaatchiat;
n. kuyapigatchiat (C).
fish, string of dried ~ n. siraatchiaq (1);n. uuyurat (1).
fish tailn. papiàuq.
fish, to ~vi. aqaluäniaq- (C);vi. iqaluäniaq-;
vi. qaluäniaq-.
fish, to ~ with a hook vt. niksiksuq-.
fish, to ~ with a net vt. kuvraq-2.
fish, to catch ~ vi. qalliqi- (2);vt. aqaluk- (C);vt. iqaluk-;
vt. qaluk-.
fish, to dive for a ~ (of a bird) vt. qaluksaq- (1).
fish, to work with ~ vi. qalliqi- (1).
fish tubn. iáulik (1).
fish with scales n. kavisiáik.
fisherman n. aqaluäniaqti (C);n. iqaluäniaqti;
n. qaluäniaqti.
fishhook, multi-pronged baited ~ n. qaàruqsaq.
fishing place n. qaluäniaàvik (2).
fishing season n. qaluäniaàvik (1).
fishing stick n. aulasaun (C);n. aulasraun.
fishing, to be ~ vi. aqaluäniaq- (C);vi. iqaluäniaq-;
vi. qaluäniaq-.
fishtailing, to be ~ (of a vehicle) vi.
sanniuàrugaq-.
fissuren. quppak (1).
fist
n. iqit.
fist fight, to have a ~ vi. qakiqtaq- (2).
fist, to make a ~ vi. argaämik- (2);vi. iqit-1 (2).
fit, to ~vi. iviq-.
fit, to ~ just right (of clothes) vi. naammak- (2).
fit, to ~ snugly vi. payaäait- (2).
fit, to ~ together vt. kaipik-.
fit, to make ~ vt. iviqtit- (1).
fitfully, to sleep ~ vi. siññaàluk-.
five
n. tallimat.
five, at cards n. tallimalik (2).
five-gallon kerosene can n. ikuaraq;
n. quagrulik (3).
fix, to ~vt. iâuaqsaq-;
vt. iâuaqsruq- (2);vt. tumaqsruq- (2).
fix, to ~ a door vt. taluliuq-.
fix, to ~ a vehicle vt. igliàutiliuq-.
fix, to ~ the bed
vt. inillaksruq- (2);flinch, to ~vt. inillaktuq- (2).

fixed, to become ~ vi. iâuaqsi- (2).
flag
n. iáalliñ;

n. takuyaq.
vi. ivalik-;vi. ivaâuaq-.
flamesn. qipualaruaq.
flank
n. taqtunak.
flap, back ~ of pants n. pamialuk (2).
flap, to ~vi. ipsuktaq-;
vt. ivuluk-.
flap, to ~ in the wind vi. makpiula-.
flap, to ~ rapidly vi. ivukutaq-.
flap, to ~ wings vi. isaqqiáa- (C) (1);vi. pauq-.
flapjack
n. siáaavyak (C).
flash, to ~ vi. akiãuk-;vi. ikniqpalak-;vi. iknitchuala-;
vi. ivaâuaq-;
vi. qaummatit-;vi. qaummiaraàaq-;vi. qutäuàauraaq-.
flashing object n. qaummiaraàaq.
flashlight n. naniàuun (1).
flat freight sled n. qammutit (1).
flat sledn. qammun.
flat sled, to use a ~ vi. qammutitaq-.
flat tail (of fish or bird) n. sipik.
flat, to be ~ vi. qaiq- (2).
flatten, to ~ vt. isivit- (2);vt. sivit- (2).
flatter, to ~ vt. aañaäaaq- (C);vt. anaäaaq-.
flatulence, to suffer ~ vi. puvliqi-.
flatusn. niliq.
flatus, to expel ~ vi. niliq-.
flaunt, to ~ vt. qiñiqu-.
fledglingn. aatchauqtuäiaq.
flee, to ~vi. aullau- (2);vi. pigruq-;
vi. qimak- (2).
flee, to ~ from humans (of animal) vi. puvlaq-.
flesh
n. timi (1).
flesh of human torso n. aqiaviñiq.
flesh, the smell of ~ n. suviäñiq.
flesh, to ~ a sea mammal vt. qaprak-;
vt. qarvak-.
flesh, to smell ~ vi. suviäñit-.
flicker, to ~ (light, flame) vi. qapsuktaq-;
vi. qavsuktaq-.
flicker, yellow-shafted ~ n. tuuyusruàruk.
flinch, to ~ vi. manäaiqsruq-;
vi. uluàiaq- (1).

flail, to ~326

flinch, to ~ one's eyes

follow, to ~ after anotherflinch, to ~ one's eyes vi. siqunàipak-.
fling oneself, to ~ onto vt. miáuàiuti- (2).
fling, to ~ something vt. iksauti- (1).
flint
n. akmaaq;

vi. sisula-.

flow, to ~ shoreward (of ocean current)

n. aämaaq (C);n. igniñ (C);n. ikniñ.

flip, to ~ back and forth (e.g. fish out of the water)
vi. nanuiñiqsuq-.

flip, to ~ open vt. makpiq-.
flipper, fermented ~ n. urraq (1);n. utraq (1).

flipper, hind ~ of seal n. sitquq (2).
flipper, whale ~n. avatraq.
flipping, to keep ~ vi. makpiàaq-.
flirt, to ~vt. aàniqiniuraq-;

vt. pitqusrauraq-.
n. avataq;
n. avataqpak;
n. puktaàun;n. puptaàun;n. puptaqutaq;
n. puptaun.
float, to ~ vi. pukta- (2);vi. pupta- (2);vi. tiäit-.
float, to ~ on the wind vi. siáiak-.
float, to ~ with the current vi. saàvaq- (2).
floating mass (not suitable for walking) n.
muàrak;n. puktaaq (1);n. puptaaq (1).
floating pack ice in the distance n. sarri (C).
flood
n. ulipkaâiq;n. ulittauq.
flood, to ~ vt. ikuliq-2;
vt. ulipkaula-.
flooded, to be ~ vi. nunaiqsuq-.
flooded, to become ~ vi. ulit-1.
floor
n. natiq;n. natqa.
flotsamn. puktaàusiq.
flounder, Arctic ~ n. nataaànaq.
flour
n. mukkaaq;
n. palauvak.
flour soup n. qayusraaq (K) (2).
flout, to ~ vt. paaqsaaq-.
flow, to ~ vi. suvlik-;vi. suvliula-.
flow, to ~ away vi. imaqi- (C).
flow, to ~ (of liquid) vi. qaamit-.
flow, to ~ over the brim of a container vi.
usriàaula-.
flow, to ~ rapidly vi. quàmi- (2);

float

vi.
tipisaàniq-.
flowern. nauriaq.
fluffy, to be ~ vi. niàummaaqtuq-.
fluid in joints n. imaàauraq (2);n. imaàiak.
fluke
n. akitkaq (C).
flush of embarrassment n. uunnaq (2).
flutter, to ~ (heart) vi. tigliqulauraq-.
fly
n. nuviivak.
fly swatter n. patkutaq.
fly, to ~vi. tiämi-.
fly, to ~ above vi. qulaäiq- (2).
fly, to ~ away vi. tiäi-.
fly, to ~ away together with vt. tiääut-.
fly, to ~ near a nest vi. niviuq- (2).
fly, to ~ off vi. piksak-;vi. qipsak-;vi. qipsaktiq-.
fly, to ~ over vi. qulaut- (1).
fly, to cause to ~ off vt. qipsaktit-.
fly, white-socks ~ n. milugiatchiaq.
foam
n. qapuk.
foam, frozen ~ (on the beach) n. qaimäuq.
foam on the seashore n. qapukâuk.
foam, to ~ at the mouth vi. innuli- (2).
focus, to ~ on vt. kigiñiq-;vt. tautuk-.
fog
n. taktuk.

fog, cold ~ (entering when opening a door)
isiq (2);n. uaàniàruaq.
fog, freezing ~ n. sikunaq.
fog patches n. taktugayauraq.
foggy, to be ~ vi. taktuk-.
foggy, to become ~ vi. taktuktit-.
foggy weather n. mitaiáaq (3).
fold over, to ~ vt. qugluäniq-.
fold, to ~ up vt. imu-;
vt. qugluk-.
folded, to be ~ over vi. tapit- (1).
folding knife n. piñäuqtaq;
n. pitäuqtaq.
fold-line (material, paper) n. imuniq;
n. qugluäniq (2).
follow, to ~ vt. malguti-;
vt. maliàut-;vt. malik-;
vt. maliqsruq-;
vt. malliài-;
vt. tuvraq- (1);
vt. tuvrauti-.
follow, to ~ after another vi. simmiáiuti-.

327

n.

follow, to ~ suggestions
follow, to ~ suggestions vt. malliq-.
followern. maliàuaqti.
fond, to be ~ vi. suquti-.
fondly, to talk ~ vi. qunnu-.
fondnessn. nakuaqsriãiq;n. nuniaq.

fontanelle, soft spot on baby's head n. killak (2).
foodn. niqi.
food, aged ~n. niqaaq (1).
food, aging/fermented n. auruq.
food, bits of ~ n. kanàakuq.
food, boiled half-dried ~ n. igamaaqâuk;n. iyamaaqâuk.

food cooked rare n. uupiaàniàiáaq.
food, dried and smoked ~ n. isiqsiaq (1).
food (for future use) n. niqiksraq.
food, gnawed on and spoiled n. niààiq.
food, half-dried ~ n. igamaaqâuksraq;
n. iyamaaqâuksraq.

food, inedible ~n. quäuq (2).
food, old ~ n. alàaaniqsaq.
food, one's favorite ~ n. niqiviun.
food poisoning, to contract ~vt. niààiqãuk- (2).
food, raw frozen ~ n. quaq.
food saved for someone n. piugaurat.
food stored in brine n. taàiutchiaq.
food stored in seal oil n. uqsruàmiutaq.
food, to drop bits of ~ vt. kanàakuq-.
food, to eat spoiled ~ vt. niààiqãuk- (1).
food, to handle ~ vi. niqâiqi- (2).
food, to have ~ in supply vi. niqaq-.
food, to have ~ on the face near mouth vi. tipliáuk-.
food, to have abundant ~ vi. niàisuksiunàiq-.
food, to provide ~ vi. niqqak-.
food, to share ~ vt. niqâitchaq-.
food, to take ~ along vi. takuaq-.
food with a smell of decay n. tipayaaq.
fool
n. isumaiáaq (C);n. isrumaiáaq;
n. kinnaq.
fool, to be a ~ vi. kinnau-.
foolish, to act ~ vi. kinnaqsruq-.
foolish, to be ~ vi. isumalluaàiit-.
foolishness n. kinnaäaaâiq.
foot
n. isigak.
foot, to have a wounded ~ vi. isikkaaäa-.
footprint
n. tumi.
footprints, to find ~ vi. tuvsi-.
footprints, to leave ~ in a soft surface vi.
tuvliàaq-.
footracen. aqpaliurraq (C);n. aqpaliutraq.
footrest
n. tukiàvik.
forconj. uvva-kii;

forward, to move ~conj. uvva-takku.

forbearance n. anuqsruâiq.
forbid, to ~ vi. pitchaiái- (2);vt. iñiqtiàutigi-.

forbidden, to be ~ vi. agliànaq-.
force, to ~ something into a small space, hole, etc.
vt. tattuqusiq- (2).

forces of nature n. siáam iñua.
ford (crossing place) n. ikkarraq (1).
fore flipper n. taliàuq.
foreboding n. nargiat.
forefather, to be a ~ of someone vi. kaäirvigi-.
foreheadn. qauq.
foreign language n. sumiutitun.
foreign language, to speak in a ~ vi.
sumiuliraaq-.

foreign things n. sumiugiich.
foreign, to be ~ vi. sumitäaqtaq-.
foreignern. avakäaqtaq;

n. avaniàmiu;n. sumiuäuruaq.
foremann. qaukâiq.
foresee, to ~ vt. qiñiquuraaq-.
forestn. tikiàaq;
n. uummaq.
forest dweller n. uummaàmiu.
forestall, to ~ vi. sivuäiq- (1).
forget, to ~ vt. kiviáiq-2;
vt. piiguq- (C);vt. puuyuq-.
forgive, to ~ vi. natqiguti-;
vt. suliqutiginàiq-.
forgiveness n. natqigutriãiq.
fork
n. kakiuraq.
forlorn, to be ~ vi. inituqtaaq-;
vi. inituqtiq-.
forlorn, to become ~ vi. initusriáiq-.
form ice, to ~ at freeze-up (fall) vi. sikuàlak- (2).
formidable, to be ~vi. sapiànaq- (1).
fornicate, to ~ vi. sayuäa- (1).
fornication n. sayuäaâiq (1).
fornicator n. sayuäari (1).
forsake, to ~vi. kisimàiuq-;
vt. suksraaq- (2).
fortituden. anuqsruâiq.
fortitudinous, to be ~ vi. isiqsu-;
vi. siqsu-.
fortunate, to be ~ (said enviously) vi. piääuq- (1).
forty
n. malàukipiaq.
forwardpos.adv. sivutmun.
forward, to be ~ vi. kanäuit-.
forward, to bend ~ (into a prone position) vi.
palluq- (1).
forward, to move ~ vi. sarvaqtaaq-1;

328

fossil item

frighten, to ~ animals
freeze, to ~ from the edge vt. ayaaq-.
freeze, to ~ in patches (of water) vi. ayaaqtuq-.
freeze, to ~ into smooth ice vi. sikullautaq-.
freeze, to ~ it vt. qiqit-.
freeze, to ~ on the ground vi. sikuàlak- (1).
freeze, to ~ over vi. siku-.
freeze, to ~ to death vi. qiu-.
freeze-burn n. alguniq (C).
freezern. qiqitchiuvik;

vi. sivutmuu- (2);vt. sarvaq-2.
fossil item n. iäiáàaaqnisaq;
n. iyaàaàuqtuaq.
foster child n. iñuguqtitaq.
foul language, to use ~ vi. uqamaqâuk-.
foul-smelling item n. kimnaq.
found item n. paqittaaq.
foundation n. maääuq (1).
fountainn. maqisaàvik;n. suvliktuaàuraaq.
fountain pen
n. misuktaun.
fountainhead n. siiqsinniq (3).
fourn. sisamat.
four (at cards) n. igalaaq (C) (3);n. igaliq (3).
four hundred n. iñuiñakipiaq.
four masts, ship with ~ n. sisamalik (2).
four-sided hanging box drum n. kalukaq;
n. kaluutaq.
fourteenn. akimiaàutaiáaq.
fowl dish (duck, loon, goose) n. qaluaq.
fowling net n. matutaq (1).
fowling net, to use a ~ vt. matutaq- (2).
fox
n. pisukkaaq.
fox, black ~ n. qiàñiqtaq.
fox, blue ~ n. qianàaqtuluk.
fox, cross ~ n. qianàaq.
fox, silver ~ n. qiàñiqtaq.
fracture, to ~ vi. nuki-.
fragile, to be ~ vi. anayanaq- (2);vi. qayaänaq-.
fragment
n. siqummaq;
n. siqummiuraq (2).
fragment, to ~ vi. qipsagaala- (1).
frame of lumber n. avataaqtaq (K).
frame top, skin boat ~ n. quli2 (3).

n. qiqsriuvik.

freezing, place of death by ~ n. qigguvik.
freight boat n. purriuqtuaq.
freight sled n. qammutit (1).
frequent, to ~ vi. isaaàaq- (C);framing member, fore and aft ~ to which skin islashed (umiaq) n. turvik (1).
freckles, to have ~ vi. kukuvaula-.
free, item for ~ n. akiiáaaq.
free, to ~ from vt. patchisaiq- (1).
free, to ~ oneself from restraint vi. mattaqtit-.
free, to be ~ vi. patchisait-.
free, to be ~ of cost vi. akiiáaaq-.
free, to be ~ of ice vi. sikuiq-.
free, to be ~ of moisture vi. imàiq-.
free, to become ~ vi. atanàiq-.
free, to come ~ vi. aulayak-.
freedomn. patchisaikkauâiq;n. patchisairvik.

freeze, to ~ vt. qiqitchiq-;
vt. qiuri-.

freeze, to ~ again at night vi. qiquayak-.

329

vi. israaàaq-;vi. tikitqataq-.
fresh plant n. uumaq.
fresh snow n. apilàammiaq;
n. apiqqammiaq.
fresh, to be ~ vi. aipa-.
fresh, to be ~ (of blood) vi. nutau-.
freshetn. immaktinniq (C) (1).
fret, to ~vi. ilàaviaàruk-;vi. isumanikãuk- (C);vi. isrumanikãuk-.
Fridayn. tallimmiàñiq.
friendn. avillaitqan (C);n. iáannaq (1);n. iáauraaq.
friend (female to female) n. uumaa (1).
friend (male to male) n. suunaaq.
friend, to be a good ~ vi. iáagik- (C).
friend, to choose a ~ vt. iáaksraq- (1);vt. iáanniaq- (C).
friend, to lose a ~ vi. iáannaiq-.
friendly, to be ~ vi. atlayuatlait-;vi. iáamaaàik-;vi. iáamaaqtuq-;
vi. iáamaatqik-;vi. iáaqatqik-;vi. taluànait-.
friends, to be ~ vi. iáannaàiik-.
friends, to become ~ vi. iáamaàuq-.
frighten, to ~ vt. iqsipchaq-;
vt. iqsipkaq-;
vt. iqsisaaq-;
vt. kapyapchaq-;
vt. nuyuaqtit-;
vt. tupak-2.
frighten, to ~ a bird vt. tigri-;vt. tiksri-.
frighten, to ~ animals vt. qatchaktuq-;
vt. uäulàusaaq-.

frighten, to ~ by pretending to be a devil
frighten, to ~ by pretending to be a devil vt.
tuunàaq-.
frightened, to be ~ vi. nuyuaq-2 (2);vi. tatavriummi-.
frightened, to be easily ~ vi. iqsisu-;
vi. tataisuk-.
frightened, to become ~ vi. iqsitchak-;vi. taluqsratchak-.

frightened, to become ~ about consequences of
one's actions vi. tatamit-.
frightening, to be ~ n. iqsiñaq-;vi. tatamnaq-.

frigid, to be ~ (weather) vi. irriliq- (C);vi. itriliq-.
vi. irriäuq- (C);vi. itriäuq-.
fringen. avataa (2).
from where? quest. sumiñ?
front
pos.base. sivu1.
front bow (of sled) n. apuàaitkutaq;
n. apuàiitkutaq;
n. apuyaitäutaq.
front, in ~ of — sivuagun, see: sivu1;— sivuàaani, see: sivuq.
front legn. sivuàaàluk.
front ofpos.base. sivuq.
front (of a body or a garment) n. saa (1).
front part n. sivu2 (2).
front quarters (of animal) n. qatigaak.
front side, the ~ (of shirt or parka) n. manu.
front strips on parka n. manusiññak;n. nigraq.
front, the part in ~ n. salliq.
front, the space in ~ n. sivuàaq.
front, to be in ~ vi. saa-;
vi. saamiutaq-1;
vi. salliu-;
vi. sivu-.
front, to go to the ~ of vi. sivuàaanuk-, see: sivuq.
front, to the ~ of — sivuanun, see: sivu1;— sivuàaanun, see: sivuq.
front, upper ~ part of body n. kian.
frost
n. kaniàaaàruk;n. kaniq.
frost inside a house n. iáu2 (3).
frost, light and spotty ~ n. kanàuraq.
frost (on a face, a tree, etc.) n. kaniàruaq.
frost, on the ground n. qakuak.
frost on the ruff (around face) n. manuàlu.
frost, to become covered with ~ vi. kaniq-;
vi. manuàluli-.
frostbiten. qiqitiqtit.
frostbite, healed injury from ~ n. qiqitiqtuàniq.
frostbite on the cheek n. iáàuàniq (C).

frigid, to become ~fungus on a tree
frostbitten, to become ~ vi. iáàuq-;vi. qiqitiq-.

froth
n. qapukâuk.
frown, to ~ vi. annut- (C).
frozen, article not yet ~ n. aumaruaq (C);n. aumatyaaq.

frozen foam (on the beach) n. qaimäuq.
frozen food, to eat ~ vi. quaq-.
frozen item vi. qiqsraq.
frozen rain on ground n. sikuàlak (2).
frozen raw food n. quaq.
frozen, to be ~ vi. qiqsrau-.
frozen, to be ~ (of a body part) vi. qiquma-.
frozen, to be ~ solid to the bottom vi. patit-.
frugal, to be overly ~ vi. kuvsit-.
fruit
n. asiaq (2);n. asriaq (2).

fruit, ripe ~ n. siiàñaq.
fruit, to produce ~ vi. asriaàiaq-;

vt. asrirriqi-.
n. asiaqpak;n. asriaqpak.
frustrate, to ~ vt. qimmaksaq-.
frustrated, to be ~ vi. kipinäusuk- (2);vi. qatmik-;vi. sunaiyuàat- (2);vi. uuligruk-.
frustrated, to become ~ vi. qatmiáiq- (1);vi. saiñàitchak-.
frustration n. saiñàisuun (2).
frying pan n. siqanàun.
fuel for stove n. anäun (C) (2).
fuel oiln. uqsruaàruk (1).
fugitiven. iññiqqun;
n. qimaaq;
n. qimaktuaq.
fulfill, to ~ vi. taatnaqtit-;
vt. immiummati-;
vt. taäiqsaq-.
fulfilled, to be ~ vi. immiq-1 (1);vi. immiuma-;
vi. taäiq-.
full bladder, to have a ~ vi. nakatchit-.
full, to be ~ vi. iáuturuaq;
vi. imaukkaq-.
full, to become ~ vi. immiq-1 (1);vi. ulipkaaq-.
full, to cause to be ~ vt. imaukkaqtit-.
full-length clothes n. akuqturuaq.
fumble, to ~ vi. saptaq- (1).
fumigate, to ~ vt. itchiqsit-.
function, to ~ vi. qanusiàaq-.
funeral director n. tuqurualiqiri.
fungus on a tree n. avaatchiqi.

fruits, fresh ~330

funnelgather, to ~ one's strength

funneln. kuvviuàvik;n. uqsriqsuun.
funny!
excl. tipsiäaq.
funny face, to make a ~ vi. iqãaäa-;
vt. iquraq- (2).
funny, to consider s.t. ~ vi. tipsigi-.
furn. mitquq.

fur around one's mouth for protection from cold n.
manuàun (2).

fur buyer
n. amiqsiri.
fur, for trimming n. siñiksraq.
fur (from game animal) n. pamiulik (1).
fur lining of parka or other clothes n. iáupaaq.
fur, next to a wolverine's tail n. pamiuàvik (1).
fur parka
n. atigipiaq.
fur, removed ~ n. iàitchakkut (2).

fur, shed from an animal n. mitqitqik (2).
fur slacks n. aliqsaaluk.
fur strip (top trim on mukluks) n. qulipaak.
fur, to have a heavy, thick ~ vi. turàu- (2).
fur trim at the bottom of a parka n. siñi (3).
fur, white belly ~ of caribou n. pukik.
furious, to become ~ vi. saäiatchak-.
furnacen. uunnaqsautiqpak.
fur-shedding animal n. mitqitqik (1).
futuren. sivunniq;
n. uvlaakuksraq.

future generations n. kiñuviaàiich.
future, in the far ~ adv. aippaagu (1);adv. aippaanigu.

G - ggaff hookgag, to ~gain, to ~n. akikaq (1).
vi. tivrutaq-.
vt. iáaniktuuq-;
vt. piññaktaaài-.
gale
n. anuàiqâuk.
gall bladder n. suäaq (1).
gall stone, to have a ~ vt. iyaqqi-.
gallop, to ~ vi. paäalik-.
galvanized metal n. qivliqtaq (2).
gamble, to ~vi. saaptaq-;
vt. manigaq-;
vt. nalautchaq-.
gamble, to ~ with cards vt. kaattaq-.
game animal n. aääun;n. niàrun.
game animal of the sea n. niqsaq.
game, caught in autumn n. ukialliq (2).
game, caught in the spring n. upinàaksralliq (2).
game for children: 'the old woman' n.
aaquaksraluuraq.
game in firing range n. siksaànaq.
game, large ~ n. nigaq (3).
game: male animal n. aäusalluq (1);n. aäusralluq.
game of aakkuu, to play a ~ vi. aakkuuq-.
game of jump rope n. kaliviqtaaq;
n. kaliviqtaun.
game of manna mannaa, to play a ~ vi. manna
mannaaq-.
game of tag (manna mannaa) n. manna
mannaa.
game, old Eskimo ~ n. tuunàauraq.
game: player tries to make another laugh n.
maàauraq.

331

game: players sing while one tries to make
opposing team member laughaakkuu;n. iglaqusraaq.
game, to cook fresh ~ vt. aäunàiuq- (C).
game, to get ~ vt. aäu- (1).
game, to shoot at ~ vt. satku-.
gang up, to ~ vt. amilluti-.
gangrenen. auyugaqtauligaaq.
gangrene, person with ~ n. auyugaqtualik.
gapn. kikkaq.
garage, long ~ for making boats n. umiivik.
gardenn. nauraàaàvik;n. nautchiaqaàvik;n. nautchiivik.
gardenern. nautchiaksriqiri.
gargle, to ~ vi. qalaktuàaq-.
gargling mixture n. qalaktuun.
garment
n. atnuàaaq.
garment, knitted of strips of rabbit skins n.
qiáaktaq.
garment, outer ~ n. qaliàuaq (1).
garment, sleeveless ~ n. kiapiàuq.
gas, to develop ~ vt. puvlak-.
gasp, to ~ after crying hard vi. maliktuq-.
gasp, to ~ (for breath) vi. ipinniaq-;
vi. ipisriaq-.
gastric system n. alàaàusiq (C).
gather, to ~ vi. iññiq-1 (1);vi. katit-;
vi. pukuk- (1).
gather, to ~ around vi. nivirut-.
gather, to ~ fabric vt. uäiq- (1).
gather, to ~ one's strength vt. mapkuq- (1).

n.

gather, to ~ people (for support)
gather, to ~ people (for support) vt. iññuk-2;

vt. iñunnak-.
gathering n. katimaâiq.
gaze, to ~ vi. qiñiàniaàugaaq-;
vi. qiñiqpak-;vt. iriàruiñaq-.
gemstone, red ~ n. auma (3);n. aumaraq (3).
generous, to be ~ vi. piñaq-;vi. siqñatait-.
gentle, to be ~ vi. aggaäait-;vi. aäalatchuànaq-;
vi. piisaanàit-.
gentleness n. piisaanàiâiq.
gesticulate, to ~vt. urraaq-.
gesture, to make unfriendly ~ vt. ikauraak- (C).
gesture, unfriendly ~ n. ikauraak.
gestures, to use ~ to get someone's attention vt.
nuluàaq-.
get along well, to ~ vi. piááautaq- (2).
get mad, to ~ vi. qinnak-.
ghost
n. piiäiáaq.
giant
n. iñukpasrugruk.
giddy, to be ~ vi. uqigi-.
giddy, to feel ~ vi. uqigyuummiq-.
gift
n. aatchuun;n. qaiññiakkaq.
gift of thanks n. quyyan.
giggle, to ~ vi. iglaqhauraq- (C);vi. iglarauraq-;vi. iglatchauraq-.
gills of a fish n. masrik.
girl before puberty n. niviaqsiaàruk.
girl, little ~ n. niviaqsialugruaq.
girl, marriageable ~ n. niviaqsiaq.
girl, teenage ~ n. niviaqsiàaq.
girl, young ~ n. aànaiyaaq.
girlfriend n. anaaq (C);n. aññaq (C) (2);n. uumaa (1);n. uumaaq.
girlfriend (of a man) n. nuliuraq (1).
girl's younger brother n. aqqaluk (C).
give birth, to ~ shortly after a previous birth vt.
maliksi-.
give, to ~ vt. aatchuq-;
vt. qait-2;
vt. qaitchi-.
give, to ~ an offering vt. iáiraài-.
give, to ~ away vt. piñaqutigi-.
give, to ~ directions vt. urriqsuq- (2).
give, to ~ in vi. maliksuaguti-;
vi. maliäuàuti-.
give, to ~ shots vt. kapluq- (2).

goal, in hockey
give, to ~ strength vt. sayyiq- (1).
give, to ~ upvi. kutchuq- (2);vi. qapiq-;
vt. qapquti-.

give, to ~ up (at games) vi. qunnuaq-.
glaciern. auyuikkaaq.
gladden, to ~ vt. quviatchai-.
glamorous, to be ~ vi. kaviuànaqtau-.
glance, to ~ vi. takusraq-.
glare, to ~ vi. akiãuk-;vi. qaummiaraàaq-;vi. qiñiàruaq-;
vi. qiññaàluk-.
glaring, to be ~ (of light) vi. qiääaànaq-.
glass chimney of lantern n. akiãhun (C);n. qaumaqqun.
glass jarn. nakasruääuaq.
glazed snow n. qiqsruqqaq.
glide, to ~ vi. saiáài- (2).
glide, to ~ down vi. sisu-.
glisten, to ~ vi. qivliq-.
glitter, to ~ vi. qivlaaq-.
gloaming n. qauruksraq.
gloat, to ~ over something vi. palaq-3 (2).
glorify, to ~ vt. kamaksruq-.
glory
n. kamanaun;
n. qukiñaun.
glory, to ~ vi. quviasullapiaq-.
glove
n. argaaq.
gloves, to put ~ on somebody vt. argaaq-.
glow
n. qaummaqtuaq.
glow, to ~ vi. qivliaraq-.
glowing, to be ~ vi. qaummaàik- (1).
glut, to ~vt. niààiqsu-.
glutted, to be ~ vi. naaqsunäu-.
gnash, to ~ vi. tiriqtaq- (2);vi. tiriquula-.
gnat
n. kirgaviatchauraq;
n. milugiatchiaq;
n. quunniàñaq.
gnaw, to ~ vt. kiämaq-;
vt. kipchaq-.
gnaw, to ~ on vt. maäiaq-2.
go ahead! excl. ki.
go on!
excl. ki.
go, to ~ around vt. uäatqut-.
go, to ~ away vi. iàlaq-.
go, to ~ far away vi. uäavaq-.
go, to ~ out (by itself) vi. qami-.
go to bed! excl. ñaañaaq.
go to urinate, to ~ vi. miquyaqtuq-.
goad, to ~ vt. siimasraaq-.
goad, to ~ into action vt. siimasaaq- (1).
goal, in hockey n. aviuraàaàvik.

332

goblingray, something ~goblinn. aaàaayiq (C);n. iàaaq;
n. naaluääiaq.
Godn. agaayyun;
n. aäaayyun.
godly person n. agaayyutilik.
godly, to be ~ vi. agaayyusriqi-;
vi. agaayyutikuaqtuaq-.
God's Word n. Agaayyutim Uqaâhi.
godwit, pacific or bar-tailed ~ n. turraaturaq.
gogglesn. iriàruak.
gold
n. kuulu;
n. manik.
gone, to be ~ to pray vi. agaayyutyaq-.
gone, to be ~ to worship vi. agaayyiaqtuq-.
good appetite n. kayummiraq.
good fellowship n. piqatigiiáguâiq.
good fortune, to have ~ vt. nalaut- (3).
good news n. tusaayugaallautaq;
n. tusraayugaallautaq.
good person, to be a ~ vi. iñugik- (1).
good, to be ~ vi. aarigaaäu-;
vi. nakuu-.
good trail, to be a ~ vi. tumitchiaàik-.
good weather n. siáagiksaaq.
good weather, to be ~ vi. siáagik-.
goodnessn. nakuàniq.
goose
n. liàliq;n. niàliq;n. tiämiaq.
goose, emperor ~ n. mitilugruaq.
goose, snow ~ n. kaäuk.
goose, white-fronted ~ n. kigiyuk (1).
gorge
n. ikaaànaq.
gorge, to ~ vt. siiàáit-2.
gorged, to be ~ vi. naaqsunäu-.
goshawk
n. kirgavik (1).
gosling
n. niàlaaq.
gospeln. tusaayugaaàiksuaq;n. tusraayugaallautaq.
gossip (a person) n. saäutchiri.
gossip, to ~ vi. uqaàuu- (1);vi. uqqiq-;
vt. uqaqtu-.
gossip, to be a ~ vi. saäutchilgu-.
gossip, to hear ~ vi. tusraaniàluk-.
gossiper, double ~ n. avatmuâiq.
governed, to be ~ vi. aäalatiqaq-.
governorn. aäalatchiri;n. aäalati.
grab, to ~ vt. aqsak- (1);vt. qisuk-;vt. tigguq-;
vt. tigu- (1);333

vt. tigusi-.

grab, to ~ by the hair vi. nuyaaàmik-.
grab, to ~ forcibly vt. tiguniqâuk-.
grab, to ~ roughly vt. tigguàluk- (2);vt. tigguqâuk- (2).
vt. tiguniaq- (2);vt. tigusriñiaq- (1).
grace
n. iâuaqqun;
n. iâuaqqutriãiq;n. nagliktaq.
gracious, to be ~ vi. attaànait-;
vt. iâuaqquti-.
grandchild n. iñàutaq;
n. tutaaluk;n. tutik;n. tutitchia.
grandfather n. ataata;n. taataruaq (1).
grandmother n. aana1;
n. aanaruaq (1).
grantn. aatchuutauniaqtuaq.
granular, to be ~ vi. pukagriäa-.
grappling hook n. igiâhaq.
grasp, to ~ vt. akkiqsiq-;
vt. aqsak- (1);vt. qisuk-.
grass
n. ivgich;n. tapqaàuaq.
grass, blade of ~ n. ivik.
grass, dead ~ n. ivigruat (1).
grass (for insulation) n. saàvaniq.
grass, fresh green ~ n. ivigaurat.
grass root (mouse food) n. pikniq (2);n. piäniq (2).
grass, tall ~ n. ivigruat (2).
grasshopper n. mitiglagaqtuaq;n. nuttagayuk;n. pigliàayuk.
grateful, to be ~ vi. iáiàasuk- (C);vi. pipikaq-.
gratuitous, to be ~ vi. akiiáaaq-.
grave
n. iáuviq.
grave digger
n. iáuviqqiri.
grave marker n. nappaqutaq (2).
graveln. iyaàauraaq (1).
gravel, coarse ~n. tuapak.
gravel, to be covered with ~ vi. iyaqqiqsaq-.
gravel, to build up ~ in area vi. iyaq-.
graveyard n. iáuviqsivik.
gravy
n. palauvaaq.
gravy: mixture processed with flour n.
mukkaaligaaq.
gray hairn. qiràiq.
gray, something ~ n. qiràiaqtaaq.

grab, to attempt to ~

gray, to be ~grow, to ~ hairgray, to be ~vi. qiràiaq-.
graying, to be ~ (of a person's hair) vi. qiràiái-.
grayling
n. sulukpaugaq.
graynessn. qiràiaqtaaq.
graze, to ~ vt. aksik- (3);vi. isumaaluutigi- (C);vi. isumaaq- (C)1;
vi. isrumaaluutigi-;
vi. isrumaaq-;
vi. kiñuvàu-;
vi. kiäuvàu-.

vt. aksiksiqataq-.

greasen. uqsruàutaat (1).
greasy, to be ~ vi. uqsruu-.
greasy, to become ~ vi. puyyak-.
great grey owl n. naataq (1).
great, to be ~ vi. kamanau-.
great-aunt n. ayaàruksaaq.
great-grandchild n. amauâuk (2);n. amauq (2).
great-grandfather n. akkaakak (2).
great-grandparent n. amauâuk (1);n. amauq (1).
great-great-grandchildn. iáuliaàun.
great-nephew n. tutaaluk;n. tutik.
greatnessn. agaayuqaun (1);n. aäaayuqaun (2);n. kamanaun.
great-niece n. tutik.
great-uncle n. ataata;n. taataruaq (2).
greed
n. kaviuàun;n. siqñatauâiq (2).
greedy person n. siqñaturuaq.
greedy, to be ~ vi. iáasruk-;vi. piqatlatu-;
vi. siqña- (3).
greedy, to be ~ for more vi. piññatluguk-.
green
n. suäaaqtaaq;
n. suäauraaq.
green, to be ~ vi. suäaaq-.
green, to become ~ (of land) vi. simaaqsi-;
vi. suäauraaqsi-.
greenhouse n. nagguvik (2).
greenness n. suäaaqtaaq;
n. suäauraaq.

greens, half-cooked ~ (e.g. sourdock [sorrel])kimagluk.
green-winged teal n. qaiäiuraq.
greet, to ~ people vi. paàla-.
greeters (at a meeting)n. paàlarit.
greeting
n. nayaaääaq.
greeting, welcome ~ or song n. paàlan.
griddlen. pasiksitaun.
grief
n. isumaaàun (C);n. isrumaaàun.
grieve, to ~ vi. alianniuq-;
vi. iiqsaluk- (C);vi. iâuiááiuq-;

grieve, to earnestly ~ for someone vi. piáiqi-.
grill (over an open fire) n. utkutchiàvik.
grimace, to ~ vi. kigiñaàiiái-.
grime
n. puya (1).
grimy, to become ~ vi. puyat-.
grin, to ~vi. iglaàusuk-;vi. iglaàusruk-.
vt. kanuàit-;vt. karumit- (C).
grind, to ~ one's teeth vi. tiriquula-.
grind, to ~ with one's teeth vi. tamuq-1.
gristlen. nukik.
groan, to ~ vi. imäala-;
vi. imäiq-;vi. minàuq- (2);vi. qiaâiq-;vi. qinaala-;
vi. qiniqqaluk-.
groan, to ~ about vi. minàuuti-.
groceries
n. naluaàmiutaq.
groin
n. ipiaq.
groove around a drum frame n. iriàvik.

grind, to ~groove between upper lip and nose: philtrum n.
kakkiviaq.

grope, to ~ vi. patala- (1);vi. saptaq- (1);vt. aktullak- (2).

grope, to ~ about uncertainly
vi. taptaluk-.
grope, to ~ around (of a blind person) vi. sapta-.
grouchn. iáiàaiáaq;
n. quyaiáaq.

groundn. nuna.
ground, even ~ (without any tussocks) n. maniiáaq
(1).

n.

ground squirrel n. siksraaq;
n. siksrik.

grounded, to be ~ vi. napammaaài-.
group of fighters n. suàruich.
grouse, sharp-tailed ~ n. urgiiáim aqargia.
grouse, spruce ~ n. napaaqtum aqargia.
grove
n. nauraàaàvik.
grow, to ~ vi. agli-;
vi. nau-;vi. piàuq-1 (1).
grow, to ~ antlers vi. nagri-.
grow, to ~ fast vi. aglitchik-.

grow, to ~ fingernails or claws vi. kukkik-.
grow, to ~ hair vi. nutchak-.

334

grow, to ~ (of plants, interest, etc)

haircut, to get a ~grow, to ~ (of plants, interest, etc) vi. nauri-.
grow, to ~ slowly vi. aglisuit-;

guillemot, black ~ n. iäaàaq.
guilt
n. pasi (2).
guilt, to remove ~ vt. patchisaiq- (1).
guilty, to be ~ vi. patchisau-.
guitarn. kitaaq.
gulf
n. ikaaànaq.
gulln. nauyaq.
gull, black headed ~ n. nasaiäaruaàruk (2).
gull, Bonaparte's ~ n. nasaiäaruaàruk (1).
gull, glaucous ~ n. nauyavasrugruk.
gull, mew ~ n. nauyatchiaq.
gull, Sabine's ~ n. aqargigiaq;

vi. aglitchiit-.

grow, to ~ suddenly vi. sipiksaq- (2).
grow, to ~ up vi. iñuguq-.
grow, to ~ wrong (of teeth) vi. niululi-.
growl, to ~ vi. qaliäu-.
growl, to ~ (of hunger pains) n. quluula-.
grown, to have already ~ vi. nauma-.
growth, external ~ e.g. wart n. avraq.
growth, person of little ~ n. aglisuiáauraq;
n. aglitchiiáaq.

growth, skin ~ (melanoma) n. nuiyaaqpak (1).
growth, unnatural ~ on a tree
n. utäuâuk.
grumble, to ~ vi. aqapiáuk- (C);n. iqirgagiaq.

gull, young sea ~ n. nauyaaq (1).
gulp, to ~ vt. imiàaqsi- (1);vi. uqapiáuk-.

vt. imiqsiñik- (1).
n. ikkiq;
n. itkiq.
gums, the ~ of a whale n. mamaaq.
gunn. sippun;n. suppun.
gun barrel n. suplu (2).
gun barrel, interior of a ~ n. uyamik (1).
gun cartridges n. ammuaq.
gun oiln. uqsruàun.
gun sight
n. itchiala;n. nalautirrun.
gunpowder n. aàra (2).
gush, to ~ vi. suvlik-;vi. suvliula-.
gush, to ~ forth vi. supuulauq-.
guts
n. ilàaviich;n. iáut.
gyrate, to ~ one's hips vi. qaqaqtaq-.

guard, to ~ vt. iàáikkuttuti-;

gums (in the mouth)

vt. qaunaksri-.

guard, to ~ vigilantly vt. siqñagi- (2).
guardiann. munaqsri.
guess soexcl. aaqanuq (C).
guess, to ~ vt. nalaut- (2);vt. nalautchaq-.
n. aiyugaaqtauruaq;
n. tuyuàmiaq.
guest, to be a ~ vi. tukku-;
vi. tuyuàmiaäu-.
guest, to have as a ~ vi. tukkuliq-.
guest, to make oneself a ~ vi. tukku-.
guest, to stay as a ~ vi. tukkuqaq- (2).
guests, to have ~ vi. tukkii- (1).
guidance
n. sivulliun.
guidance, words of ~ n. unniqsiuàun.
guide, to ~ vt. sivulliuq- (2);vt. sivulliuti-.

guest

H - h
habit

n. sikuàlak (2);n. sikuâaq.
hair, artificial ~ n. nuyaääuaq.
hair clippers n. sallisik.
hair, head ~ n. nusat;
n. nutchat;n. nuyat.
hair oiln. nuyaqsiun (2).
hair seal
n. natchiq.
hair, to braid ~ vt. nutchiqqi-.

n. aullasiq;
n. ayuànaq;n. piáàusikaaq;
n. piáàusiq;
n. piãhusiq;
n. piraàiâiq;
n. pitqusiq;
n. sutqusiq.
habit, to form a ~ vi. ayuàit- (1).
habits, to have bad ~ vi. pitqusiàiit-.
habituate, to ~ vi. kipit-1 (2);vt. atuqqigaigutigi-.
Hades
n. tuquäaruat iniat.
hail, to ~vi. sikuàlak- (2).
hailstone
n. natatquànaq;hair, to grab someone by the ~ vi. nuyaaàmik-.
hair, to hurt someone by pulling his ~ vt.
nuyaaqtuq-.

hairclipn. tuvliàun.
haircut, to get a ~ vi. salipchaq-.

335

haircutting tool
haircutting tool n. kiprautik.
hairless, to be ~ vi. qisiiq-2.
hairpinn. kakigauraq.
hairy woodpecker n. tuuyuqpak.
half
n. avvaq.
half, to ~ something vt. napliq-.
half, to be ~ (of the moon) vi. avaàuuq-;
vi. quppaàuq- (2).

half-cooked greens, e.g. sourdock (sorrel) n.
kimagluk.

half-dollar n. qupi.
half-negro n. taaqsipaiyaaq (1).
half-white person n. naluaàmiiyaaq.
hallow, to ~ vt. ipqiqsit-.
halo
n. avaluàun;
n. qaumaniq (2).

halt, to ~vi. aàiu-2.
hammern. katruutaq (1).
hammer, to ~ vt. kauk-.
hand
n. argaich;n. argak (1).

hand, edge of one's ~ n. aàvak (2).
hand sled n. qamugaurat.
handbagn. puukatauraq.
handbag, woman's ~ n. ikpiaàruk (2).
hand-breadth (a measure) n. argaäniq.
handgunn. igáupiaàaun.
handholdn. tigummivik.
handkerchief n. kakkiiyaun;
n. nasraàauraq.
n. tigguvik;
n. tiguàiq.
handle, long ~ n. ipu.

handlehandle (made of cord or string) n. ipiutaq (2).
handle of an ulu or skin scraper n. paplu;
n. pavlu.

handle of net hook n. iáaqtuun (1).
handle, to ~ vt. aktuq-.
handle, to ~ dogs vi. qipmiqãiqi-.
handle, to ~ roughly vt. piaqâuktaq-.
handle, to attach a ~ vt. ipu-.
handlebar on a sled n. kaimàuaàvik (C);n. kaiváuutaq.

handmade item n. piáiaq.
handsome, to be ~ vi. iñugik- (2).
handstand, to do a ~ vi. naparaàaaq- (2).
handy, item kept ~ n. satqummiaq.
handy, to be ~ vi. savitu-.
hang, to ~ vi. niäi- (2);vi. niviäa-;
vt. iñi-;vt. iñiri-;
vt. naktit-2;
vt. niviñaq-;hardshipvt. niviäaq-.

hang, to ~ one's head vi. siki-.
hang, to ~ one's head back vi. qiviäa- (2).
hang, to ~ oneself vt. qimit-;
vt. qinit-.

hang, to have excrement ~ (from rectum) vi.
ipiutatchii-.

hanged, one that was ~ n. qimisaq.
hangern. iññiutaq;
n. naktirvik (1);n. niviääaun.

hanging hair under lower jaw of moose or caribou
n. uyamitquq (2).

hanging, item ~ (from a garment) n. niviäalutaq.
hanging, item ~ (from the ceiling) n. niviñaqqun;
n. niviäaqqutaq (2).

hangover, to have a ~ vi. iminäu-.
hanker, to ~ vt. kiikaluuäa-.
happening n. suurautilaaq.
happiness n. quvianaq;

n. quviasuâiq (C);n. quviasruâiq.
happiness, to tremble in ~ vi. quiáiqta- (2).
happy, to be ~ vi. quvia-;
vi. quviasuk-;vi. quviasruk-.
happy, to be very ~ vi. iáiàasuk- (C);vi. iáiàasruk-.
happy, to try to make ~ vt. quviasraaq-.
harass, to ~ vt. iñukâuqutaq-.
harbor seal n. qasigiaq;
n. qasrigiaq.
harbor, sheltered ~ n. qamannirvik.

hard covering of small stomach of caribou
tunusrisaq.

hard leather in a woman's standing ruff
(2).

n.

n. turvik

hard stick for the game of qiputaq n. qiputaq (2).
hard time, to have a ~ vi. piiãiqi- (2).
hard, to be ~vi. sakiqnaq-;
vi. saunarri-;vi. siqquäuluk-;vi. siqquq- (1).
hard, to become ~ vi. siqquqsi- (2).
hard wood n. siqquqtaq.
hard work n. siààaqqun.
harden, to ~ vi. aqsri- (C) (1);vi. siqquqsi- (2);vt. siqquqsipkaq-.

harden, to ~ (of children's bones) vi. saunnak-.
hardnessn. sakiqnaq.
hard-packed snow (that echoes) n. qikiàaànaq.
hard-pressed, to be ~ vi. sakiqniuq-.
hardshipn. naäinnaq (1);336

harlot

heaven, from ~n. naäititauâiq;n. sakiqnaq;
n. siàáiàniuàun.
harlotn. akiisuq.
harm, to ~ vt. anayasraaq-.
harmonica n. qaniàmigaun.
harnessn. anu (1);n. anut.
harness ropen. isuàaq.
harness, to ~ vt. anu-;
vt. anuulaq-;
vt. anuuvriulaq-.
harness, to braid a ~ vt. qulivraq- (C) (2).
harness webbing n. anuksraq.
harpoon, large whaling ~ n. kapusiun (2).
harpoon, small ~ for seal hunting n. nauligaq.
harpoon, toggle ~ n. naulaq (1).
harpoon with a float n. unaaq (1).
harpooned whale or big game n. naullaq.
harsh, to be ~ vi. nagliktait-.
harvestn. asirriruksraq;
n. katitaq.
harvest time n. kipluivik.
hashn. akuvliqtaq (C).
hasten, to ~ vi. qilamiqsruq-;
vi. uivriqi- (1).
hatn. nasraun.
hat, round ~ n. kaivraqtaq.
hatch, to ~ vi. aatchauq- (2);vi. tukiq-.
hate, to ~vt. uumiksri-.
haughtiness n. kamagiâiq.
haughty, to be ~ vi. aaäasriàaq-;vi. aaäit-;vi. kamanaàasruk-;vi. piàuq-1 (2).
haul, to ~ vt. agraq- (2);vt. kalik-;
vt. kalit-;
vt. usiaq-;
vt. usriaq-.
haul, to ~ an animal hind part vt. uasiqi-.
haul, to ~ coal vt. aluaqsaq-.
haunted, to be ~ vi. aliuq- (1);vi. aliuqtuq-.
haunting spirit n. piiäiáaq.
have, to ~ vi. suqaq-;
vt. pigi-2.
hawk, marsh ~ n. papiktuuq.
hawk owl n. niaquàruaàruk.
hawk, pigeon ~ n. tiämiaàruum kirgavia.
hawks' month: April (K), March (C) n. qiáàit
tatqiat.
hazardous, to be ~ vi. munaqnaq- (1).

337

hazy, to be ~ (because of distant fire) vi. isiàiak-.
hazy, to become ~ vi. niptaiq-.
head
n. niaquq.
head start, to get a ~ vi. ayu- (1).
headache pain reliever n. niaqunäusriutit.
headache, to get a ~ vi. kapyaliq- (2).
headache, to have a ~ vi. niaquàiit- (1);vi. niaqunäu-.

headlandn. arguàaq (C).
headstart, person with a ~ n. ayuruaq (1).
heal, to ~vi. mamit-;

vi. nakuqsitchiq- (1);vi. tumaq- (1).
heal, to ~ someone vt. mavruuq-.
healed injury from frostbite n. qiqitiqtuàniq.
healthn. sayak (2).
healthy, to be ~ vi. sayak-;vi. sayaktu-;
vi. suàait-2 (2).
healthy, to become ~ vi. sayyak-;vi. suaääak-.
healthy, to look ~ vi. tauttuàik-.
hear, to ~ vi. tusaa-;
vi. tusraa-.
hear, to ~ good news vi. tutchaàik-.
hear, to ~ gossip vi. tusraaniàluk-.
hear, to ~ news vi. tusraayugaaq- (2).
hear, to ~ rumors vi. naalaàluk-.
hear, to be able to ~ good vi. tusarraàik-.
hearing aid n. siutiàun.

hearing, to imagine ~ what a person customarily
says vi. tusaaruuraaq-.
heart
n. iàñaaq (1);n. uumman.

heart, anything with a ~ n. uummatilik.
heart, at cards n. iqquk (2);n. itiàrulik.

heartburn, to have ~ vi. siiàáanäu-.
heat
n. uunnaq (1).
heat of sun n. kirraq.
heat, to ~vt. uunnaqsiq-.
heat, to ~ (water) vt. uunnaqsi-.
heat, to suffer from ~ vi. uunniqi-.
heatern. uunnaqsaun.
heather (plant) n. igniqsuutit (C);n. ikniqsuutit;
n. ikuàutit (1);
n. ikuqqutit.
heavendem.adv. pakma;
dem.adv. pakmani;
dem.adv. paäma (C);n. qiáak (1).
heaven, from ~ dem.adv. pakmakäa.

heaven, from ~ (not visible)
heaven, from ~ (not visible) dem.adv. paämaääa(C).

heavenly, to be ~ vi. pakmakäataq-;
vi. qiáakäaqtaq-.

heavy, to be ~ vi. taqtunaktu-;
vi. uqumait-.

heavy, to be ~ in the back (of boat) vi. aquvlik-1.
hedge
n. iñuksuk (2).
heedless, to be ~ vi. siáiäiq-1.
heel
n. kikmik.
heel, the back of one's ~ n. kikmitquq.
heir
n. paitchaktaaksralik.
heir apparent, to name an ~ vt. iññiq-2 (1).
heir (not of age yet) n. paitchaktaksrautilik.
helicopter n. niulàiq (2).
hell
n. nagliksaaàvik;n. naäinnaq (2);n. piyaquàvik (2);n. tammaàvik.
hell: place of punishment n. anasriñäuqsaaàvik.
helmsman n. aquttauq;
n. aqutti (2).
help, to ~ vt. ikayuq-;
vt. iñuuli-.
helpern. ikayuqti;
n. ikayuutiruaq.
helpful, to be extremely ~ vi. qaàanaq- (2).
hemn. akuq (1);n. qugluäniq (1).
hem, to ~ vi. uglivit- (2);vt. ukpit-2.
henchman n. aäallaàlukti (2);n. aäallaqâukti (2).
herd (animals to be watched) n. munaqsraq.
herd dog (reindeer herding) n. qipmiuraq (1).
herd, large ~ of caribou n. katit;
n. katraich.
herd of caribou n. tatimmirat;
n. tuttuàaaàruich;n. tuttuqpaurat.
herd, to ~ animals vt. uäuri-.
herdsman n. munaqsri.
herdsman (waiting at a corral) n. kaäiàaàmiu (2).
herdsman (waiting at the corral) n. kaäiàaàmiutaq.
here, from ~ dem.adv. uvakäa;
dem.adv. uvaääa (C).
here, located ~ dem.adv. uvani.
here: stationary/specific dem.adv. uvva2.
Here, take it! excl. aä (C).
here, through ~ dem.adv. uvuuna.
here, toward ~ dem.adv. uvuäa.
heretic
n. taäiàiáiqirauq.
heritagen. paisat.
hernian. qaaàiaq.

hindquarter of an animal
herring
n. uqsruqtuuq.
herring gull n. nauyavvaaq.
hesitant, to be ~ vi. attaqsrau-;

vi. piññatchiaqtuaq-.

hesitate, to ~ vt. attaài-.
hesitate, to ~ to assert oneself vi. qikisu-.
hey you!
excl. umaa.
hiccups, to have the ~ vi. igusiàaq-;vi. iisuàaq-1;
vi. nikisuàaq-.
hidden, to keep ~ vt. suiáauri- (1).
hide and seek, game of ~ n. iriàauraq.
hide and seek, to play ~ vi. iriàauraq-.
hide, animal ~ n. amiq (1).
hide for a blanket toss n. nallukkataun (1).
hide, scorched animal ~ n. uutiàniq (2).
hide, tanned ~ n. iàviaq (C);n. qitummaaq.
hide, to ~ vt. iriq-;
vt. tutquqtuq- (2).
hide, to ~ for protection vt. saamiutaq-2.
High Priest (Jesus) n. agaayuliqsiqpak.
high priest (temple) n. agaayuliqsit qaukâiat.
high, to be ~vi. qutchik-.
high, to be ~ (elevation) vi. kiäik-.
high, to be ~ (water in a slough) vi. imaqâiqi-.
highest point n. qaapiaq;
n. qalliqpiaq (1).
highest point (of a mountain pass) n. naqsraq.
high-heeled dress shoes n. kikmikpalik.
high-kick ball n. aqsraatchaun (C);n. aqsraatchiaq.
high-kick ball, to compete in ~ game vi.
aqsraatchiaq-.
high-pitched, to have a ~ voice vi. qatait-;vi. qatikkit-.
hill
n. qimiàaaq (1).
hill side
n. maniäñiq.
hind legn. anautaq (C).
hinder, to ~ vi. piñaiáutaaànik-;vi. pitchaiái- (1);vt. inavài- (1);vt. iñaviài-;
vt. iñaviqqutchiq-;
vt. piraiái-;
vt. unavài- (1).
hinder, to ~ progress vt. avriaqutaq- (2);vt. nagrutaq- (2).
hindmost room, the ~ n. qamaniak.
hindmost, the ~ n. kiñulliq;
n. tunulliq.
hindquarter of an animal n. anautaq;
n. mumiq;n. niqivik;

338

hindrance

home, to come ~n. ukpatik (1).
n. inaviqqutaq;
n. iñaviqqutaq;
n. sukaiááutaq.
hindrance, to be a ~ vi. avriaqutau-;vi. nagrutau-.
hip boots
n. ipialik;n. pauääaak.
hip jointn. kiniàniq (2);n. kiñigniq.
hipbonen. sipyaaq.
hips
n. kuutchiq;
n. ukpatik (2).
hiss (of wind or a pressure stove) n.
siuàruktuaq.
hiss, to ~vi. siuàrula-.
hiss, to ~ (of a kettle) vi. siuàruk- (1).
hiss, to ~ (of air) vi. siula- (1).
hissing sound n. siuàrula.
history, to relate ~ vi. kaääiuq-.
hit, to ~vt. anau-;
vt. isagvigi- (C);vt. isragvigi-;
vt. kikmik-;
vt. siksaq-.
hit, to ~ a target
vi. pisik-;vt. supputit-.
hit, to ~ in a vulnerable spot vt. tuquaq-.
hit, to ~ in the upper body vi. timmaaq-.
hit, to ~ on the head vt. karuk-;
vt. niaqqi-.
hit, to ~ two animals with one shot vt. tapit-.
hit, to ~ with a slingshot vt. illut-;
vt. itlut-.
hit, to ~ with a thrown object vt. miáuq-.
hit, to ~ with fists vi. tigluaq-;
vt. qakiq-.
hit, to ~ with one's hand vt. aàvaämik- (C).
hit, to ~ with one's head or tusk vt. nagruuti-;
vt. tuluq-1.
hit, to ~ with the heel vt. kikmiaq-.
hit, to fall and ~ the lips vi. kunik-.
hitchn. kalgutaq.
hitch, dog team ~ n. qipinàuutaq.
hoarse, to be ~ vi. iggiiq-.
hoarse voicen. qataiqsiqataqtuaq.
hoe
n. nunniqqun (1).
hold breath, to ~ vi. ui- (2).
hold, to ~ vt. tigummi-.
hold, to ~ a baby on one's lap vt. saàliaqsiq-2.
hold, to ~ a container under something vt.
akkiqsima- (1).
hold, to ~ between one's legs vi. quumiutaq- (2).
hold, to ~ carelessly vt. tigguàluk- (2).

hindrance339

hold, to ~ dear vt. piqpagi-.
hold, to ~ hands vi. tasiuq- (C)1.
hold, to ~ in place vt. nayummi-.
hold, to ~ on vt. tigummitqiaq-.
hold, to ~ on (with one's fingertips) vt.
kukimmala-.

hold, to ~ one's head in one's hands (in dispair)
vt. akkiqsimaaq-.

hold, to ~ (quantity) vt. immaài-.
hold, to ~ with one's heel vt. kikmik-.
hold, to ~ with one's teeth vt. kigimmi- (2).
hold, to one's ~ breath vi. aa- (C) (1).
hold up, to ~ vt. ayaksimaaq-.
holen. allak (1);n. killak (1);n. pakkiq;
n. putu.
hole, deep ~ n. aämaniq.

hole dug in the ground n. nivaäniq.
hole (in a boot sole) n. purruq.
hole, item with a ~ n. killalik (2).
hole, item with an oblong ~ cut into it n. ukiññiq.
hole, seal's breathing ~ n. alluvak.
hole, tiny ~ n. suplu (1).
hole, to get a ~ in the sole vi. qiáaiq- (1).
hole, to have a ~ (of ice) vi. pittaq-1.
hole, to make a ~ vt. killaq-.
hole, to make a ~ in ice vt. pittaq-2.
hole, water-filled ~ on ice n. qaamniq.
holed rock n. putulik.
holes, to be full of ~ vi. killaaq-.
holiness
n. ipqiãiq;n. salumaun.

holler, to ~ vi. nipaala-.
holler, to ~ in distress vi. uiàuala-.
hollow part of a cylinder n. uyamik (2).
hollow, to be ~ vi. iáuit-.
Holy Spirit n. ilitqusiàiksuaq (C);n. ilitqusriàiksuaq;n. irrusiááautaq;
n. qilallautaq.
holy, to be ~vi. ipqit-;
vi. ipqitchuaq-.
holy, to become ~ vi. ipqiq-.
homagen. kamagiviksrauâiq.
home
n. aimaaàvik (C);n. kiñuniq;
n. kiäuniq.
home site, old ~ n. igluàrualuk (C);n. igluluaàruk;n. inaaàruk;n. iniàruaq;
n. iñuniaàvigruaq (1).
home, to come ~ vt. aggiqi- (2).

home, to go ~home, to go ~vi. agi- (C);vi. ai-1;
vi. aäiáaaq-.
home, to remain at ~ vi. aimmi-;
vi. aäiáaaqsima-.
home, to rush ~ vi. aäiáaaqsaq-.
home, to take ~ vt. aggisi-;
vt. aäiáàauti-.
home-brew n. siiàñaqsiaq (3).
homeless, to be ~ vi. tukkuit-.
homesick, to be ~ vi. aisuliq-;
vi. aäiáaaàuliq-;
vi. tagiala- (2).
hometown n. nagguvik;
n. pamiàvik (1).
homeward, to go ~ vi. atiq- (2).
honest man, to be ~ vi. iñugik- (1).
honk, to ~ (of geese) vi. qalàuq-.
honor
n. kamakkun;
n. nanàaun.
honor, to ~ vt. kamagi-;
vt. kamakkuti-;
vt. kamaksri-.
honorable, to be ~ vi. kamanaq-.
honored, to be ~ vi. kamagikkau-;
vi. kamanau-.
hood
n. nasraq.
hood, to make a ~ vi. natchi-;vt. nasraliuq-.
hoof
n. kukik (1).
hoof, the bones of a ~ n. isigaat.
hoofed mammal n. kukiiáik.
hookn. aki2 (1);n. iññiutaq;
n. naktirvik (1);n. niviñautaq;
n. niviääaun;n. niviääautaq.
hook, fish ~ n. niksik.
hook for a teapot over a fire n. saiñiutaq (2).
hook for fishing through the ice n. iqãak.
hook, forked ~ at the end of fish spear n. kakiaq;
n. kakiraq.
hook, item with a ~ n. akiáik (2).
hook, large ~ n. niksikpak.
hook, to ~ a seal vi. manaqtuq- (1).
hook, to ~ bottom fish (e.g. burbot) vi. qaàruqsaq-.
hook, to ~ (fishing through the ice) vt. iqãak-.
hook, to ~ for fish vi. niksiksuàiaq-;
vt. niksik-.
hooked, to be ~ vi. akikaq-1;
vi. niksik-.
hook-shaped slough n. akikaq (2).
hoop around a wooden barrel n. nimaaq;

house, new ~n. nimiàun.

hoop, to put through the ~hop, to ~n. misigaq-;

vt. iáuaq-.

vi. mitiglaaq-;
vi. nuttagaq-;
vi. qipsak-.
hop, to ~ on one foot vi. naanäiq-;vi. naatäiq-.
hopen. niàiugaq;
n. niàiukkun.
hope, to ~ encl. -tuq;
vt. niàiugaq-;
vt. niàiuk-.
horizonn. killi.
horned grebe n. suàliq.
horned puffin n. qiáaäak (1).
hornetn. tugayuuq.
horns
n. nagruuk.
horse
n. tuttuqpak.
horse flyn. milugiaq (2);n. miluyuuq.
hospitable, to be ~ vi. niàiñaq- (3);vi. tagialanait-;
vi. tukkii- (2);vi. tutqiäñaq- (2).
hospitaln. naäirvik.
hospitality n. tukkuàiäñaq.
hostn. aiyugaaqti;
n. tukkuq.
host, to ~ vt. tukkuài-.
host, to be a good ~ vi. tutqiäñaq- (1).
hostile, to act ~ vi. sanmikãiq-1.
hostility
n. aäuyaun.
hot beverage n. yuuqaq.
hot fire
n. qipualaruaq.
hot flashes, to experience ~ vi. uunaaqpalak- (2).
hot padn. uunaqtaaàaun (1).
hot rocks (used to melt snow) n. pallitchat.
hot side, the ~ of a stove n. maniq (2).
hot, to be ~ vi. uunaq-.
hot, to become ~ vi. uunaqsi-.
hot, to make ~ vt. uunnaqsiq-.
hotcaken. siiàñaqsiaq (2);n. siáaavyak (C).
hotel
n. nullaàvik.
hotel room n. tukkumavik (1).
hourn. ikkarraq (3);n. sassaàniq;n. sassaq (1).
housen. iglu (1);n. tupiq (1).
house, ancient sod ~ n. igluàruaq;
n. tupiàruaq.
house, new ~ n. tupitchiaq.

340house, old ~hurt, to ~ one's foothouse, old ~ n. tupaaàruk.
house, sod ~n. iglu (2).
house, to build a ~ vt. tuppi-;

humiliation n. naààunaq.
humilityn. atchiãiq.
hump (deformity) n. napiniq.
humpbacked person n. nappaluk.
hunch
n. napiniq.
hunchbacked, to be ~ vi. napiäa- (2);vt. tuppiuq- (1).

house, to buy a ~ vi. tupiqsi-.
house, to fix a ~ vt. tuppiuq- (2).
house, to increase size of a~ vt. inituqtaaq-.
house, to lose one's ~ vi. tupqiqsit-.
house, to play ~ vi. tupiääuaq-.
house ventilator n. qiäaq (2).
household, members of ~ n. tupiqatit.
housekeeper n. kipaluk.
hover, to ~ vi. niviuq-;

vi. napuäa-.

hunched back n. amaq (C).
hunched, to become ~ vi. auàaäasi- (C);vi. napuäasri-.

hundredn. qavluun.
hung, to be ~ vi. niviäa-.
hung up item n. iñiaq;vi. niviyaq-;
vi. qulaäiq- (2).
hover, to ~ (of a seal) vi. uyak-.
how?
quest. naukun;
quest. qanuq.
how cute! excl. aañaaäaa! (C).
how long? quest. qanutun.
how long ago? quest. qaäaaglaan.
how many? quest. qapsich?
how many are left? (K) quest. qapsiäukpa?
how many [are there]? quest. qavsich?
how nice! excl. aarigaa!;excl. yai.
how tiny! excl. uutukkuu!
however! excl. tasramma-qanuq.
howl
n. magu.
howl, to ~ vi. magu-;
vi. qasriáiñaq- (2).
howl, to ~ with pain (of an animal) vi. maaq-.
Hudson bay tea n. tilaaqiaq.
huen. qauniq.
hug, to ~vt. iqimik-;
vt. iqimmaaq-;
vt. iqit-2;
vt. iqittaaq-;
vt. saàliri-.
huh?
— sua.
"hula" dance, to do the ~ vi. iqquiqiáuk-;vi. iqquuqiáuk-.
humn. imiglula (1).
hum, to ~ vi. imäaluk-1 (1).
hum, to produce a ~ vi. nipikkit-.
human [being] n. nunakäaqtaq.
human fetus n. siäaiyaaq.
human noise, to experience ~ vi. iñuksruk-.
human presence, sign of ~ n. iññiqimaniq.
human, to be ~ vi. iñuknisau-;vi. iñukuaqtuaq-.
humble, to ~ oneself vt. atvaqtaq-.
humble, to be ~ vi. atchik- (2).
humble, to become ~ vi. atchiksi- (1).

n. iñiraq.

hungern. niàisuliq.
hungry, to be ~ vi. kaak-;vi. niàisuk-.

hungry, to become ~ vi. kaaliq-.
hunt, to ~ vt. aäuniaq-;
vt. piññiaq-.

hunt, to ~ caribou vi. tuttuliaq-.
hunt, to ~ towards the mountains vi. qaki- (2).
hunt, to ~ towards upriver vi. qaki- (2).
huntern. aäuniaqti;
n. tuvaaq (2).

hunter (in a hiding place) n. kaäiàaàmiu (1).
hunter, to be a good ~ vi. pitchuq-.
hunter's hiding place n. itchuàvik.
hunting bag n. natmagvik.
hunting gear, article of man's ~ (clothing, tools,etc) n. aäutnaq.
hunting gear of a man n. aäuniutit;
n. aäunnaq (C).

hunting partner n. tuvaaq (1).
hunting season, to be ~ vi. piññiaànaq-.
hunting, to go ~ at sea vi. saavit- (C) (2).
hunting, to go ~ on the ice vi. mauqsruq-;
vi. maut-.

hurried, to be ~ vi. uima- (1).
hurriedly
adv. qilamik.
hurry, cause for ~ n. uiñaq.
hurry, to ~ vi. aàyuuq- (C) (2);vi. iàñiqsruq-;
vi. iáuäuqsruq- (C);vi. qilamiqsruq-;
vi. ui- (3);vi. uivriqi- (1).
hurt, to ~vi. anniq-;
vi. atniq-.
hurt, to ~ emotionally vt. mamiagi-.

hurt, to ~ from food in one's throat vi. tumanäu-.
hurt, to ~ on one side of the body vi. taqtunnaq-.
hurt, to ~ one's eardrums vt. qukiq-.
hurt, to ~ one's foot vi. isikkaaq-.

341

hurt, to ~ one's shinbone
hurt, to ~ one's shinbone vi. qinarri-.
hurt, to ~ painfully vi. irukkallak-.
hurt, to ~ someone by pulling his hair vt.
nuyaaqtuq-.

hurt, to be ~ emotionally vi. mamiat-.
hurtful, to become ~ vi. naäinnaqsi- (2).
husbandn. aäutnuniq;
n. ui.

husband, common-law ~ n. uiäuraq.

ignorant, to be ~hush!
excl. attaa.
husky, to be ~ vi. taqtunaktu-.
hut-shaped tent frame n. qaluuàviich.
hyoid bone (top of windpipe) n. ikauraaq.
hyperactive, to be ~ vi. iñunäunaq-.
hypocrisy n. ukpiääuaâiq.
hypocrite n. ukpiääuaqti.
hysterical, to be ~ vi. naàluq- (2).

I - i
Ipron. uvaäa.
"I assume so" excl. iisuknaq.
"I did not mean to do it" excl. pisanàitchikpiñ.
I thinkexcl. imma-kiaq.
I wonder how [he/she] will do excl. qanuàlitai.
I wonder why? quest. supmantakiaq.
icen. siku1.
ice blocks, cache of ~ n. sikutaq (1).
ice break-up time n. sikuiàvik.
ice break-up, to be ready for ~ vi. sikuiyasri-.
ice chisel or pick n. tuuq.
ice, dangerous spot on the ~ n. nakkaqtaqtuaq.
ice (elevated off the ground) n. qaäataaq (1).
ice flakes n. iááauraq.
ice floatn. sikuviñiq.
ice fogn. avyuàruaq (C);n. sikuàlak (1);n. sikunaq;
n. taktugruaq.

ice formed from spilled water n. sikuàliñiq.
ice, freshwater ~ n. piqaluyak;
n. sikullautaq.

ice, glacial ~ n. piqalugik.
ice, grounded ~ n. apuqtinniq (C);n. kisisaq (2).

ice hole (blackfish, muskrat) n. aupkaàniq (2).
ice hole (for fishing or seal hunting) n. alluaq.
ice, hole in the ~ n. pittaq.
ice, new ~ n. sikuliaq;
n. sikutchiaq.
n. sikulàamiuraq;
n. sikuliuraq.
ice, open spots in the ~ (spring) n. sikuiáàuq.
ice, rotten ~ n. aupkaàniq (1).
ice, sea mammal on top of the ~ n. qakimaruaq.
ice sled runners n. misaktiq.
ice, small piece of ~ (used as stepping stone) n.
mauraàaq.
ice, spongy ~ n. iááagauraq.
ice, thin ~ on lakes or rivers (fall) n. sikuaq.
ice, to be free of ~ vi. sikuiq-;

ice, newly formed ~vi. tuvaiq-.

ice, to become thin ~ (ice in spring)vi.
sikugiiáiq-.
ice, to cut up ~ vt. sikuliqi-.
ice, to fetch ~ vt. sikutaq-.
ice, to form thin ~ (fall) vi. qinuaq-;
vi. sikuaq-.
ice, to freeze into smooth ~ vi. sikullautaq-.
ice, to leave ~ on shore vi. qaimäuli-.
ice (1 1/2 feet) n. sikuliaàruaq.
iceberg
n. ivuniq (2);n. puktaaq (4);n. puptaaq (4).
icebound, to become ~ vi. ivsaiàutipkaq- (C).
icebound, to become ~ (of a boat) vi.
miñiàutipkaq-.
iciclen. kusrugaq.
icy, to become ~ vi. siku-.
identical, to be ~ vi. atausiiñaq;
vi. atausriiñaq;
vi. ati-1.
identical, to be of ~ size vi. naammagiik-.
identification tag n. nalunaiáutaq.
identity, sense of ~ n. iä.
idle, to be ~ vi. ittuaq-;
vi. sunaiyuàat- (1);vi. sunàisaaq-.
idlenessn. ittuaàuraaâiq.
idol
n. aanàuaq (2);n. aäaayyutiääuaq.
idol, to make an ~ vt. aanàurri-.
idolator
n. aanàuaqtuqti;
n. sayuäari (2).
idolatryn. sayuäaâiq (3).
idolize, to ~ vt. aanàuaài-.
ignite, to ~ vi. iknak-;vt. ikit-.
ignitern. igniàun (C);n. ikniàun;n. sikuq (3).
ignorant, to be ~ vi. nalu-.

342

ignore, to ~incapable, to feel ~ignore, to ~ vt. alaäuaq-;

impede, to ~ passage vt. quààuti-2.
imperishable, to be ~ vi. piiñàiàanàit-.
impertinent, to be ~ vi. tutqaanaq- (1).
imperturbable, to be ~ vi. tutqaanait- (2).
impetigon. kiááiàruaq.
important item n. atuumanapiaqtuaq;

vt. sanniqi-;
vt. suksraàinàit-;vt. suliqutiginàit-;vt. suqutiginàiq-;vt. suqutiksriñàit-.
ill at ease, to feel ~ about vi. siäisruk- (1);vi. tutqaasruk- (1).
illegitimate child n. aapaiáaq;
n. qatak;n. taataiáaq.
ill-mannered, to be ~ vi. ilitqusiàiit- (C) (1);vi. ilitqusriàiit- (1);vi. isumatlait- (C);vi. isrumatlait-.
illness, to feel ~ come on vi. urgiasruk-1 (1).
illuminate, to ~ vt. akiãuuq- (C).
illusion, to realize an ~ vi. asiàui- (C).
"I'm sorry" excl. pisanàitchikpiñ.

n. piñaqtuaq.

important person n. qulliurauruaq.
important, to be ~ vi. piitchuit- (1).
importunate, to be ~ vi. qasiáiñaq-.
impossible, to seem ~ vi. sapiànaq- (1).
impoverish, to ~ vt. mialuksaq-.
impoverished, to be ~ vi. maniit-;
vi. mialuk- (2).

impoverished, to become ~ vi. maniiq-;
vi. mialuksi-.

impress, to ~ vt. aliuqsaaq- (C).
impress, to ~ females vi. aäutiââak-;imagine, to ~ something because of small noises
vi. uliqqa-.

imbibern. imiqtuaq.
imitate, to ~ vi. piuääuaq-;

vt. tuvraq- (2).

imitate, to ~ a bird call vt. qalàusraaq- (1).
imitate, to ~ a call vi. qaivaksaq-.
imitate, to ~ the call of the ptarmigan vi.

vi. tutqaanaq- (1).

impurity (in water) n. suqâuk.
in there, from ~ dem.adv. kivakäa;

qaqaula-.

dem.adv. kivaääa (C);dem.adv. qavakäa;
dem.adv. qavaääa (C).
in there, from ~ (invisible) dem.adv. qamakäa;
dem.adv. qamaääa (C).
in there, inside: not visible dem.adv. qamma.
in there, located ~ dem.adv. kivani.
in there, located ~ somewhere dem.adv. qavani.

immediately adv. qilamik;

adv. tarvauvva;
adv. tavrauvvaa.
immerse, to ~ vt. kiñit-.

imminent, for death (of a person) to be ~ vi.
qakuguaglaaànaq-.

imminent, to be ~ vi. piñiaq-.
immobilize, to ~ vt. naniq-.
immoderate, to be ~ vi. ayuàiiái- (2).
immorally, to act ~vt. atugaài- (2).
immortal, to be ~ vi. tuqutlait-.
immovable, to be ~ vi. aulayait-;in there, located ~ somewhere (not visible)
dem.adv. qamani.

in there: moving/extended dem.adv. qavva.
in there: stationary/specific dem.adv. kivva.
in there, through ~ dem.adv. kivuuna.
in there, through ~ (not visible) dem.adv.

vi. auliyait-.

immunize, to ~ vt. kapluq- (2).
impact, point of ~ n. itiquuraq (3).
impair, to ~ vi. pitaaq- (1);qamuuna.

in there, through the general area ~ dem.adv.
qavuuna.

in there, toward ~ dem.adv. kivuäa;

vt. piyaquâuk-.
impaired, to be ~ vi. maluknaq-.

dem.adv. qamuäa;
dem.adv. qavuäa.
inactive, to be ~ vi. sunaiyuàat- (1).
inadequate, to feel ~ vi. sapiq-.
inadequate, to wear ~ clothing vi. saanaaq- (1).
inattentive, to be ~ vi. qauàrimaaàiit- (1).
incapable, to become ~ vi. piiáuiááiq-.
incapable, to feel ~vi. sakiài-;vi. sakiq-.

impale, to ~ on a spit (meat/fish) vt. kakiak-.
impassable, to be ~ vi. apqutait-.
impasse, to meet an ~ vi. samnaaq-.
impassivity n. manimmiágun.
impatience n. iqaksri.
impatient, to be ~ vi. iqaksri-;vi. qatmik-.

impatient, to become ~vi. iñuvik-.

impression, to make no ~ vt. akikäaq- (2).
improve, to ~ vt. nakuqsaq-.
improve, to ~ (of one's condition) vi. palaääak-.
improve, to ~ (of the weather) vi. nakuqsi-.
impudent, to be ~ vi. iáisimaniraaq-;

vi. qatmiáiq- (2).

343

incapable, to seem ~incapable, to seem ~ vi. nikanaq- (1).
incarcerate, to ~ vt. tigutaaq-.
incensen. puyuàluqutit;
n. tipraàiksaun.

incinerator n. ikipkaivik (1).
incisorn. tuluàiaq (2).
incisor (tooth) n. sivuàaq.
incite, to ~ vt. akarruti-.
incitern. iñugiirrun.
incline, steep natural ~ n. ipnaq (1).
include, to ~vt. taputi- (1);
vt. taputliq-;
vt. taputri-.
include, to fail to ~ vt. mini-.

included, to be ~ (of people) vi. taputrau-.
income, source of ~ n. maniññaäniq.
income, to have ~ vt. piññaäniuti-.
incompetent, to feel ~ vi. sapiq-.
incongruent, to act ~ with one's belief vi. piiáaaq-.
inconsiderate, to be ~ vi. isumatlait- (C);vi. isrumatlait-.

inconsolable, to be ~ vi. naàluq- (1).
inconspicuous, to feel ~ vi. taàutuit-.
incontinence, to suffer ~ vi. quàmaala-.
inconvenienced, to be ~ vi. tuninäuq-.
incorporate, to ~ vt. iáaniktuuqtit-.
incorrect, to be ~ vi. taäiàit-.
incorruptible, to be ~ vi. auraàaàumiñait-;vi. piiñàiàanàit-.
v. iáalaaq-;
vi. iñugiaksitmuk-;vi. nau-;
vt. iáapsaaq-.
increase, to ~ in pain vi. iáalàusiq- (C);vi. iáaliq-.
increase, to ~ (of a small crack) vi. quppaàuq- (1).
increase, to ~ slowly vi. iáauraaq-;
vt. iáauraaài-.
incredulous, to be ~ toward vi. sagluviñaq-.
incriminate, to ~ vt. patchitchiq-.
incubate, to ~ vi. itquäa-;
vi. iva- (2);vt. itquq-.
incur a disease, to ~ vt. aannik- (C) (1).
incurable disease, person with an ~ n.
mamitchuiáaq.
indebted, to be ~ vi. akiqsruutau-.
indecent act n. asisuàvik (C).
indecisive, to be ~ vi. qanuqsausiiq-.
independent, to be ~ vi. atanniqsimarait-.
indeterminate, to be ~ vi. kipuyunaq-.
index finger n. tikiq (1).
Indian (native of North America) n. itqiáiq.
indicate, to ~ vt. tikkuaq-.

increase, to ~initiation
indicated object
n. tikkuaàvik.
indicates ownership encl. -pai.
indication at trail junction n. tikkuun.
indignantly, to leave ~ vi. qivit-.
indignation n. qiniàun.
indispensable, to be ~ vi. piitchuit- (2).
indistinct (place or time) dem.adv. imma;
dem.adv. taimma.

indistinct, to become ~ vi. nalunaqsi- (1).
indistinguishable, to be ~ vi. naliàunaq-.
individuality n. iä.
individually, to work ~ vi. atausiukutaaq- (C);vi. atausriukutaaq-.

indoors, to stay ~ vi. isiàmiu-;

vi. isiàmiuqtuaq-;
vi. isiàmiuraaq-;
vi. isiqsima-.
indulge, to ~ vi. imiàuksi-.
industrious, to be ~ vi. iqait- (2);vi. savvaqtu-.
inebriate
n. taaääaqtauq;
n. taaääaqti.
inedible, to be ~ vi. niàiñait- (2).
inept, to be ~ vi. iqinnaq-.
infatuate, to ~ vt. ikãisaaq-;
vt. ikãitchaktit-.
infatuated, to be ~ vi. ikãitchak-.
infect, to ~ vt. tuqupquti-.
infected, to become ~ vi. atniàñausriq-;
vi. naäirrutinnak-;vi. tigupquti-.
inflate, to ~ vt. puviq-.
inflated, to become ~ vi. puvliq-.
influence, to ~ vt. ayuàaksaq-;
vt. taputi- (4).
influenced, to be easily ~ vi. maliksuaq-.
inform, to ~ vt. kilik- (1);vt. quliaq- (2).
inform, to ~ people vt. kiliktuq- (1).
information on someone n. kiliktuun.
ingredients for akutuq n. aanalik.
inherit, to ~ vt. paisaq-;
vt. paitchak-.
inheritance n. kiñuvaat;
n. paisaq.
inheritance (future) n. paitchaksraun.
inheritorn. paitchaktaaksralik.
inhibition n. iñiqtiàutauruaq.
inhospitable, to be ~ vi. niàiñait- (1);vi. tagialanaq-.
iniquityn. killuliqiâiq;
n. pigiiãiq.
initiate, to ~ vt. aämaq- (2).
initiation
n. akpirrun (1).

344injection, to give an ~intestine, to braid seal ~ around blubber

injection, to give an ~ vt. kapi-.
injure, to ~ vt. piyaquâuk-.
injure, to ~ one's spouse vt. pattuq-.
injure, to ~ the knee vt. sitquaq-2.
ink penn. misuktaun.
inland person n. nunamiu.
inland, the one farthest ~ n. kilulliq.
inland, to be far ~ vi. kiluvasik-.
inland, to travel ~ vi. kiluvaq- (2).
inland, toward ~ pos.adv. kilutmun.
in-law, to become ~ vi. niäaukkit-.
inmaten. isiqtaq.
inn
n. nullaàvik.
inner legn. kanak.
inner room of a house n. kivalliq (1).
innermost one n. iáulliq;

inspired, to get ~ vi. irrusiñik-.
instability n. nappatigiiáaq.
install, to ~ roof beams vt. qanak-.
instigator n. iñugiirrun.
instinct
n. aullasiq.
instruct, to ~ correctly vt. nalàuqsrui-;vt. nalàuqsruq-.

instruct, to ~ on behavior vt. alàaqsruq-.
instruction n. urriqsuutriâiq.
instruction, a period of ~ n. iáisaaq.
instrument n. atuqtuuraq.
instrument, stringed ~ n. nuqaqtilik.
instrument, to play an ~ vi. atuqtuuraq-.
insufficiency, to pretend ~ vi. ilaq-.
insufficient, to be ~ vi. amigaq-;

n. kaäiááiq.
innocent, to be ~ vi. patchisaiáaaq-.
inquire, to ~ vt. kaäiqsiuq-.
inseamn. kanak;n. naliikkaak (1).
insectn. iááaatqusiq.
insect bite n. pauäniq;n. tuuàniq (2).
insect egg n. qupilàuksraq.
insect repellent powder n. puyuqsitaun.
inseparable, to be ~ vi. kaatlaiáaak-.
insertn. iáaksrauraq;
n. iáauraksraq (C).
insert, to ~ vt. akunniàusriq-.
insert, to ~ a stick (for drying) vt. qauqqusiq-.
inside— iáuani, see: iáu1;
pos.base. iáu1.
inside, from ~ — iáuaniñ, see: iáu1;
dem.adv. kivakäa;
dem.adv. kivaääa (C);dem.adv. qavakäa;
dem.adv. qavaääa (C).
inside, from ~ (not visible) dem.adv. qamakäa;
dem.adv. qamaääa (C).
inside, located ~ dem.adv. kivani.
inside of upper thigh n. quktuàaq;
n. quptuàaq.
inside out, to turn ~ vi. uglivit- (1).
inside part n. iáu2 (1).
inside, through ~ dem.adv. kivuuna.
inside, to be well ~ (house) vi. kiluvasik-.
inside, to the ~ — iáuanun, see: iáu1.
inside, toward ~ dem.adv. kivuäa;
dem.adv. qamuäa;
dem.adv. qavuäa.
insolen. piñiq.
insoles, to put ~ in boots vi. piññiq-.
inspect, to ~ critically vt. isivàiuq-.

345

vi. inuäa-;
vi. inuq-1;
vi. naamait-.
insulate, to ~ vt. niñäiquma-.
insulated, to be well ~ vi. uquq- (1).
insulation, to add ~ vt. uquqsaq-.
insultn. anniuyumman;
n. atniuyumman;
n. pisaayugaun.
insult, to ~ vt. aàiva- (C);vt. asiksruq-;
vt. piiñàiqsruq-;
vt. pisaaäa- (1);vt. uqaala-1;
vt. uqaniàluk-.
intelligent, to be ~ vi. puqik-.
intelligible, to be ~ vi. kaäiqsiágunaq-.
intensify, to ~ (of heat) vi. aumali-.
intercede, to ~ vt. iäiqsruuti-.
intercept, to ~ vt. naàruk-.
intercession n. iäiqsruutriãiq.
intercessor n. iäiàruusriruaq;
n. iäiqsruutrirauq;
n. uqapsaaàutriksraq (2).
intercourse, to have ~ vi. kuuyak-;vi. nulik-.
intercourse, to have ~ (of animals) vi. nipittaq-.
interest from stocks n. naggun (2).
interpreter n. iiguuqti (C);n. iiyuuqti;
n. uiyuuqti;
n. uuyuuqti.
interrogate, to ~ vt. pasiuq- (1).
interspace n. akunàak.
intestine, chopped-up ~ of ugruk n. qiaq (1).
intestine, dried ~ n. iñaluk;n. iäaluk.
intestine, to braid seal ~ around blubber vt.
qulivraq- (C) (1).

intestines
intestines

jealous, to be ~vt. qanniuq-2;
vt. tukkiqsuq-;
vt. tuyuàmiaqsaq-.

n. iñaluat;
n. iäaluat.

intestines, cooked fat ~ n. kivviàruat.
intestines, cooked small ~ n. paalaaq.
intestines, prepared as food n. qiatuqtuq.
intestines, ptarmigan ~ n. iäaluatchiat.
intestines, to remove the outer part of ~ vi.
qiagiyaq-.
intimidate, to ~ vt. aäallaàluuti-;
vt. aäallaqâuuti-;
vt. nuyuaqtit-;
vt. nuyuiqsaq- (2);vt. samuäaq-.
intimidated, to feel ~ vi. qiki- (2).
intonation n. uqausiq;
n. uqqiq.
intoxicated, to be ~ vi. imiäa-.
intoxicated, to become ~ vi. imiliq-;
vi. imiäasri-.
intractable, to be ~ vi. pitchiàiit-.
intransigent, to become ~ vi. ayuàit- (2).
introduce, to ~ vt. iáitchuàipkautigi-.
invaluable, to be ~ vi. anniqñaq-.
inventory n. suurautilaaq (2).
invert, to ~ vt. palluq-;
vt. palut-;
vt. ulit-2 (2).
invert, to ~ an image (of heat) vt. uyumiq-.
investigate, to ~ vt. alatkaq-1;
vt. kaäiqsiuq-;
vt. nivigaq-;
vt. qanuqitilaaq-;
vt. qimilàuuq-.
investigate, to ~ intensively vt. naipit- (2).
invigorated, to be ~ vi. piyumaatchak-;vi. piyuumitchak-.
invisible, to be ~ vi. qiñiànait-;
vi. takunait-.
invitation n. aiyugaaàun.
invite, to ~ vt. aiyugaaq-;
vt. aiyugaaqâiq-;invite, to ~ dancers from another village vt.
yuàaisuq-.

involved, to be ~ with the spirits (as a shaman)
vi. tuunàiqi-.

inward, to move ~ vi. kiluvaq- (1).
inwards
pos.adv. iáutmun.
ironn. savigruaq;
n. saviãhaq.

iron (for pressing clothes) n. qaiqsaun.
iron, to ~vt. qaiqsaq-.
irritable, to be ~ vi. iñugiit- (1).
irritant
n. irriutaq.
irritate, to ~ vi. iraàuq-.
irritated, to be ~ vt. aàiusruknaq-.
irritated, to be extremely ~ vi. makâak- (2).
irritated, to become ~ vt. qasiái- (2).
irritating, to be ~ vi. mamianaq-;
vi. uumiñaq-.

islandn. qikiqtaq.
island, big ~ n. qikiqtasugruk.
island, small ~ n. tapqaq.
isolated, to be ~ vi. aliasruk- (1).
isthmusn. ataniq2.
it stinks!
excl. aaqqaa!
itch, to ~vi. kumaksruk-;vi. paumit-.

itch, to get an ~ vi. uäiáak- (1).
itch, to have an ~ vi. pupik- (1).
item carried with the teeth n. kiämiaq (1).
item, thin and flat n. saatuuraq.
Iñupiaq dish (like akutuq) n. qivi.
Iñupiaq food n. niqipiaq.
Iñupiaq, like an ~ (act, speak) adv. iñupiatun.
ivory
n. tuugaaq.
ivory, fossilized ~ n. utuqqaqtaq.
ivory, piece of old ~ n. qaiáiñiq.

J - jjack, at cards n. makvak (1).
Jack rabbit n. ukallisugruk.
jacketn. qupiàaaq.
jackstones n. katagaat.
jade (the mineral nephrite) n. isiänaq.
jaeger, long-tailed ~ n. isuäaq.
jaeger, parasitic ~ n. miàiaqsaayuk.
jaeger, pomarine ~ n. isuäaaàluk.
jailn. tigutaaàvik (1).

jail, to ~jailhouse

vt. tigutaaq-.
n. isiqsivik;
n. isiqtauvik.
jailorn. isiqsiri.
jam, to ~vt. tattuqqit-2.
Januaryn. Siqiñaasrugruk.
jar, to ~ something vt. qatäuqtaq-.
jars, cleaned for new use n. puukut (1).
jealous, to be ~ vi. saäiak-;346

jealous, to feel ~ because of a loss

just, to be ~vi. saäiaktu-;
vi. siqña- (1).

jealous, to feel ~ because of a loss vi. tuäiliñàu-.
jealousy
n. siqñatauâiq (1);n. tutchun.
n. iáari (C);n. uulikâuk.
jerk, to ~vi. papiqqiáa- (1).
jetn. tiämisuutiqpak.
jet terminal n. mirvikpak.
jetsamn. tipraktat;
n. tipraq.

jellyfishjetsam: item washed up on shore n. qaiáiñiq.
jewelry box n. tugvaàvik.
jig for tomcod (fish) n. manaq (2).
jig, to ~vi. aulasaq- (C);vi. aulasraq-;vi. manaqtuq- (2);vt. niksiksuq-.
job
n. savaaq (1).
job, to have a good ~ vi. savaaàik-.
join, to ~vi. aippiq- (C) (1);vt. iáaliuti-;
vt. iááatigi-.
join, to ~ a group vi. iáaliqsuuti-;
vt. tappiuti- (2).
join, to ~ forces vt. tappiuti- (1).
joiner (joining boot sole to top) n. killiàuaq;n. kiämiàun;
n. uäarviaàun.
joint, bone ~ n. napyaaq.
joint (especially of wood pieces) n. kaippaq.
joint, swollen ~ (of aged) n. napyaaàluksiñiq.
joke
n. mitaaàun.
joke, to ~ vt. iááuài-1;
vt. iááuqsruq-;
vt. mitaaq-.
joke, to ~ about vi. mitaaàutigi-.
joke, to ~ by telling false stories vi. sagluuraq-.
joke, to ~ with s.o. vt. aliuqsri-.
joking partner n. iááuq (2).
joking partner, to be a ~ vi. iááuài-2;
vi. iááuqsruq-2.
jolt, to ~vi. qipsaktiq-.
jolt, to ~ from a bad dream vi. qugluk-.
jolt, to experience a ~ vi. tuqpallak-.
jostle, to ~ vt. saqigrugi-.
jostled, to be ~ vi. saqi-.
jowls
n. qakiàluk.
joyn. quvianaq;
n. quviasuâiq (C);n. quviasruâiq.
joy, to express ~ vi. quiáiqta- (2).
joy, to have great ~ vi. quviatchauàik-.

347

joyful, to be buoyantly ~ vi. kaamasraaq-.
joyful, to feel ~ vi. qirgiataq- (1);vi. quiáiqta-.
n. quviatchauàiâiq.
n. ataniq1 (1);n. atanniqsi;
n. atanniqsuqti.
judge, to ~ vi. sivunniàaq- (1);vt. atanniqsuq- (1);vt. isivàiutigi-.
judgment n. atanniàusriutraq (C);n. atanniuàun.
judgment (act) n. atanniiãiq.
judgment (judicial decision) n. isivàiun (C).
judgment (occasion of ...)
n. atanniuvik.
judgment (result) n. atanniusriaqaâiq.
judgment to come (end times) n.
anasriñäuqsautiksraq.
judicious, to be ~ vi. iivitchuaàik- (1);vi. isiáàatu-.
juggle, to ~ vi. igáukkisaaq-.
juice
n. ivsa;n. misuàuq (1);n. misruàuq.
juice from curing whale meat n. misuq (2).
July (molting time) n. isavik (C);n. isravik;
n. itchavik.
July (raising time) n. iñukkuksaivik (C).
jump rope, to use a ~ vt. kaliviqtaq-.
jump, to ~ vi. minäiq-;vi. nutigaq-.
jump, to ~ across something vi. misik- (3).
jump, to ~ around vi. aààiunaq- (2).
jump, to ~ down from low height vi. misik- (2).
jump, to ~ down quickly vi. pirik- (1).
jump, to ~ over vi. qulaut- (2).
jump, to ~ to a person vi. mayualik-1;
vi. mayuqtuàaq-.
jump, to ~ up vi. maksrik-;vi. pigliq-.
jump, to ~ up and down excitedly vi. minäala-.
jump, to ~ upon something vt. misiktiq-.
jump, to cause to ~ vt. piksaktit-.
jumping board n. ipuktaaàun.
junco, slate-colored ~ n. nuäaktuaàruuraq (2);n. taatchiäiraq.
junctionn. katyaaàiik.
junction, point of merging n. katyaak.
Junen. iàñivik (2).
juniper berry n. tulukkam asriaq.
Just right! excl. yai.
just, to be ~ vi. nalaunäa- (2);vi. nalaunäaruaq.

joyfulness
judge

justification

knives, maker of ~justification n. nalaunäapkaiãiq.
justify, to ~ vt. nalaunäapkai-;

juxtaposed, to be ~ vi. saniàaqâiàiik-.

vt. naluanäasipkaq-.

K - k
kayak
n. qayaq.
kayak, to make a ~ (qayaq) vi. qayyi-.
keel (of boat) n. kutraq;

n. kuyaaq.
vi. iivitchuaàik- (2);vi. qauàrimaaàik- (1).
keep, to ~ for someone vt. taqqisiraq-;
vt. utaqqisiraq-.

keen, to be ~keep, to ~ from leaving by entertaining

vt.

nakut- (2).

keep, to ~ in one's mouth vt. uqummiq- (1).
keep, to ~ up with another vi. nalliummati- (2).
keep, to be unable to ~ up vi. mallit-.
keg
n. imàusiaàruk (C) (1);n. qattaàruk.

kerchief
n. nasraàaq.
kerosenen. uqsruqâuk.
kerosene can, five-gallon ~ n. ikuaraq.
kerosene lamp n. ittugluuraq (1).
kettle for heating water n. uunnaqsiivik.
key
n. aämaun (1).
key and padlock n. kiluitchaq.
keys (for a padlock) n. kiluusat.
kick, to ~ vt. aqi-;
vt. aqsraq-;
vt. isigagmik-;
vt. kikmik-.

kick, to ~ a person while on one's backvt.

tukiqsrak-.

kick, to ~ its feet (of a baby) vi. tukala- (1).
kick, to ~ one's feet (in sleep) vi. tukala- (2).
kidneyn. taqtu.
kidney fat n. taqtuàutit.
kill, to ~vt. tuqqut-.
kill, to ~ a dog vt. qipmiqsuq-.
kill, to ~ a seal vt. allukuaq- (C);vt. allut-.

kill, to ~ a wounded animal vt. puuvsaq-.
kill, to attempt to ~ a wounded animal vi.
tuqqunniaq-.

kill, to make the ~ (when hunting) vi. pitchaq-.
killdeern. qurraquraq (2).
killed, life to be ~ (e.g. sick dog) n.
tuqqutaksraq.

killed, to be ~ vi. tuqqutau-.
killer whale n. aaàlu (2).
kind, certain ~ n. taatnasiq;

n. taatnasriq.
vi. attaànait-;vi. iáamaatqik-;vi. piaqâuktaäit-.
kindling
n. ikuàutiksrat;
n. kukuuàun;
n. kukuun;n. saannanikkut;
n. sakiàmiat.
kindling, to make ~ vt. ikuàutiksriuq-;
vt. qirriuq-;
vt. sakiàmik-.
kindnessn. iâuaqqutriãiq.
kindness, to show ~ tovi. pimaktuq-.
kingn. ataniq1 (4);n. umialik (1).
king (playing cards) n. kalalliaq.
kingdomn. agaayuqaun (2);n. aäaayuqaun (1).
kissn. kunik.
kiss, to ~vt. kunik- (2).
kitchenn. iggavik;
n. niqniaàvik.
kitchen utensils n. niàiñiutit.
kiwi fruit n. igruänaqpak.
knapsackn. aààitñaq.
knead, to ~ dough vt. akut- (2).
knee
n. sitquq (1).
knee, baggy ~ of trousers n. sitqiñiq.
knee joint n. naplu.
knee pads n. sitquàun.
knee, to injure the ~ vt. sitquaq-2.
knee warmers n. sitquàun.
kneecap
n. sitquaq.
kneel, to ~ vi. sitquq-.
kneel, to ~ in deferential regard vt. sitquàvigi- (1).
knife
n. savik.
knife, double-edged ~ n. igáuktuulik.
knife sheath n. yaàiãhaq.
knife, to carry a ~ on one's belt vi. tiàikmiutaq-.
knife, whittling ~ n. mitlik.
knife, woman's ~ n. ulu.
knit, to ~vt. qiáak- (1).
knitted article n. qiáaaq (1);n. qiáaktaq (2).
knitting needle n. qiáaun (2).
knives, maker of ~ n. savviuqti.

kind, to be ~348

knock, to ~ at a door

lap, to hold a baby on one's ~knock, to ~ at a door vt. katchak-;excl. amai!

know, to ~ v. iáisima-.
know, to ~ about something v. iáisimmatiqaq-.
know-it-all n. iáisimatluäniraaqtuaq.
knowledge n. iáisimaâiq.
knowledge, to gain ~ vt. iáisaài-;

vt. tigluktuq-.
knock, to ~ lose vt. tigluk- (2).
knock-kneed, to be ~ vi. quumiutaq- (1);vi. quupatchuäa-.
knoll
n. piäu (1);n. piäuksranauraq;
n. qimiàaaq (1).
knoll, round ~ n. piäuksrak (1).
knot
n. qiáiàniq.
knot (at the end of the rope) n. nuàlu.
knot in wood n. akiàuq (2).
know, I don't ~ encl. -mi;vt. iáisaqâiq-;vt. iáisaqsri-.

knowledgeable, to be ~ vi. puqiksaaq-.
known, to be made ~ vi. salapqiq-1.
known, to make ~ vt. salapqiq-2.
knucklen. napyaaq.

L - l
labor
n. siààaqqun.
labor pain, to start ~ vi. iàñisuliq- (2);lamp stand n. kialuqaàvik.
lampshade n. taaàutaq.
lancetn. kappugauraq.
land
n. nuna.
land for prospecting n. maniäñiaàvik.
land otter n. pamiuqtuuq.
land owner n. nunalik.
land, to ~ vi. tulak-.
land, to ~ flat on one's back vi. nivvaktaq-.
land, to ~ gently (from a fall) vi. tullautaq- (2).
land, to ~ (of a bird or plane)
vi. mit-.
land, to ~ (of an airplane) vi. mitchaaq-.
land, to ~ on one's feet vi. tut- (1).
land, to ~ on one's rump bone vi. aquvsallak-;vt. aulayyauti- (1).

labor, to ~ with effort vi. siààaqi-.
Labrador tea n. tilaaqiaq.
labretn. aämaluaq;

n. tuutaq (1).
vi. susruksiu-;
vt. naalgiuk-.
lack, to ~ food vi. mialuk- (1).
lack, to ~ skins vt. amikkit- (C).
laddern. mayuuttaq;
n. tutipkiq;
n. tutipqich.
ladle
n. aluutaqpak;
n. qalluttaun;
n. qayuutaq.
ladle, to ~ a liquid vt. qalu- (2).
lagoonn. tasiàaaàruk;n. tasiq.
lake
n. imaàraitchiaq;
n. imaq (1);n. narvaq;
n. tasiq.
lake, dry ~ n. imaiàñiq.
lake, narrow ~ n. taksruàauraq.
lake, oval-shaped ~ n. taksruk.
lake, small ~ n. narvauraq.
lake, very large ~ n. imaàruk.
lamb
n. ipnaiyaaq.
lame one (person or animal) n. tusriaâhuk.
lamentn. qirran (1).
lament, to ~ vi. anuqsruit-;
vi. qunu- (2).
lamp
n. naniq.
lamp, hand-held ~ n. naniàuun (1).
lamp, seal oil ~ n. naniàuun (2).

lack, to ~vi. niàvalaq-;vi. nivàallak-;vi. tunuallak-.

land, to ~ well (of a vessel) vi. tullautaq- (1).
land, to own ~ vi. nunanik-.
land, to own a lot of ~ vi. nunauraut-.
landed, to have ~ vi. mitchuq-.
landing place n. mirvik;
n. tulagiaq;
n. turvik (3).
landing strip
n. mitchaaàvik.
landward, to come ~ vi. timmuk-.
languagen. uqausriäich;n. uqqaq.
lantern, kerosene ~ n. akiyaqataq;
n. naniàuaq;n. nanipiaq;
n. naniurapiaq.

lap, person sitting on someone's ~ n. saàliaq.
lap, to ~vt. aluk-.
lap, to ~ against (of water) vi. qasaqtaq-;
vi. qasraqtaq-.

lap, to hold a baby on one's ~349

vt. saàliaqsiq-2.

lap, to sit on someone's ~lap, to sit on someone's ~ vi. saàliaqsiq-1.
Lapland longspur n. putukiiãuk.
Laplander n. laavlaaq.
lard
n. laaq.
large caribou cow n. kulavagraitchiaq.
larva
n. qupilàuq (2).
larvaen. qupilàuksraq.
larvae of caribou botfly n. kumak1 (2).
lash, to ~vt. tuut-.
lash, to ~ with a rope vt. tugrut-.
lashing, the lower ~ (of a sled) n. nuqaàun.
lashing, the upper ~ (of a sled) n. qiáàun (1).
lasso
n. niäivraun.
lasso, to ~ vt. niäivraq-.
last night
n. unnuavak.
last one, the ~ n. aqulliq;
n. kiñulliq.

last, to be ~ vi. kiñulliu-.
latecomer n. kiñuvakti.
later— aquagun, see: aqu1;— kiñuagun, see: kiñu;— kiäuagun, see: kiäu;
adv. iáaatni;
adv. kiäuagun.
later!
excl. aqagu (C).
later
pos.base. kiäu.
laugh about, to ~ vt. tipsigi-;
vt. tipsisauti-.
laugh, to ~ vi. iglaq-.
laugh, to ~ quietly vt. ilumiksit-.
laugh, to ~ uncontrollably vi. aaqsallaiq- (C);vi. iglaàuitáaiq-;
vi. tipsitchak-.
laugh, to ~ very hard vt. ipputigi-.
laugh, to try to make someone ~vi. tipsisaaài-.
laughing, to burst out ~ vi. iglaàutchak-.
launchn. umiaq (2).
launder, to ~ vt. agigvigaq-.
laundry room n. iqaqsrivik (2).
laundry, to do ~ vt. uluk- (2).
lawn. atuqtaksraq;n. atuqtaksrat;n. atuqtaksriurrun;n. atuqukkaq;
n. atuumaruksraq;
n. iñuuniaqqun;
n. maliàutaksraq;
n. pitquraq;
n. pitqutaq (1);n. tuvraaksraq (2).
lawful, to be ~ vi. maliàutaksrakuaqtuaq-.
lawyern. atuqtaksraliqiri;
n. uqapsaaàutriksraq (1).
laxativen. anaànaq.

lean, to ~ against
lay atop, to ~ each other vi. qalliàiik-.
lay down, to ~ vt. iái-2.
lay down, to ~ relaxedvi. tut- (2).
lay flooring vi. natchitchiq-.
lay hands, to ~ on vt. patik-2.
lay, to ~ a moistened skin out overnightvt.

putchii-;
vt. putchiq-1.

layer, to form a ~ (one inside another) vi.
kapitaaàiik-.

lazy, to be ~ vi. iqiasuk-;vi. iqiasruk-.

lazy, to become ~ vi. iqiatchak- (1).
leadn. tasikuaàun (C);n. uqhaq.
n. sivulliqsri (2);n. sivulliuqti (2).
lead for bullets n. paqnatit.
lead line
n. atliñiq;
n. qimiq (1).

lead doglead, open water between land ice and pack ice n.
lead, to ~uiññiq.
vt. aäalat- (2);vt. aullati- (2);vt. sivulliq-;
vt. sivulliqsruq-;
vt. sivulliuqtit-;
vt. tasi- (C)2.

lead, to ~ someone by the hand vt. tasiuq- (C)2.
lead, to ~ with a leash vt. tasikuaq- (C).
lead, to have a ~ (of ice) vi. uiñäa- (1).
leadern. agaayuq;
n. aäaayuqaq;
n. ataniq1 (3);n. igliàutri;
n. qulliq (1);n. qulliurauruaq;
n. sivulliq (2);n. sivulliuqti (1).
leader of dogs n. sivulliqsri (1).
leader, to enjoy being the ~ vi. qulliutlatu-.
leaf
n. akutuqpalik;n. milukataq.
leaf, large sweet ~ n. ippiq.
leak, to ~vi. iñàaq-;vi. kanàaq-;vi. maqi- (1);vi. siiáa-.
leak, to ~ out vi. siiq- (2).
lean, to ~vi. anagusrima-;
vi. ayappak-;vi. nayummak-;vt. tunäauraaq-.
lean, to ~ against vi. patiktit- (1);350

lean, to ~ backlie, to ~ down
lemming

vt. tati-1.

lean, to ~ back vi. qiviq- (1).
lean, to ~ one's head sideways vi. naiäa-.
lean, to ~ something vt. nayummaktillak-.
lean, to ~ to one side vi. uvaak- (1).
leap, to ~ up vi. misik- (1);learn, to ~vi. nutik-.
vt. iáit-;vt. iáitchi-.

learn, to ~ one's lesson vi. tatamit-.
learning aid n. iáitchitquraq.
leash
n. tasikuaàun (C).
leathern. qisik;n. qitummaktaq.

leather, piece of ~ (cut and ready) n. piáaktuaq.
leather, smoked tanned ~ n. isiqsiaq (2).
leave (him, her, it) alone excl. taatniuli.
leave, to ~ vi. aullaq-;vi. iàlaq-;vi. piiq-2.
leave, to ~ behind vt. aàlik- (C);vt. qimatchi-;vt. unit- (2);vt. unitchi-.

leave, to ~ home (feeling unwelcome) vi.
tagiaqtuq-.

leave, to ~ (in anger) vi. aullau- (2).
leave, to ~ without preparation vi. piksik- (2).
leaven (agent of fermentation) n. imaksiiyaq (C);n. imaksriigaq.

leaves from berries
n. sanik (2).
lee
n. qamaniq.
lees
n. kiñalluq.
left alone, to be ~ when others go out or away
vi. pai- (2).

left handn. saumik (1).
left side, the ~ n. saumikâiq.
left, to be ~ at home alone vi. paiáiñäu-.
left, to be ~ behind vi. uniktit-.
left, to be ~ outside vi. asriñi-.
left-handed person n. saumik (2).
left-handed, to be ~ vi. saumiu-.
leftovern. iáaku;

n. aviññaq;n. aviääaq (C);n. qiáaämiutaq.
lemming, collared ~ n. qiáaämiutauraq.
lend, to ~ vt. atchit-;
vt. atchitñik-.
lengthn. taktilaaq.
length, to have a ~ vi. aktigi-.
lengthen, to ~ vt. tasiqsruq- (C)2;
vt. tasirruk- (C).
lengthen, to ~ (of days) vi. siqiññak-.
lengthwise rib of a qayaq frame n. tippik.
lens of an eye n. iraqumak (1).
lepern. auyugaqtaulik;
n. auyugaqtualik.
leprosyn. auyugaqtuaq;n. kiááiàruaq.
lessonn. iáisaaq;
n. iáisauttun.
lesson, to have a ~ vi. iáisaaqaq-.
let go, to ~ vt. pilit-.
"let it be" excl. taatniuli.
letdown
n. saiñàisuun (2).

lets do it quickly (euphemism for 'let's haveintercourse') excl. piááaktiàluk.
lettern. aglak;n. tuyuun.

letter, lower-case ~ n. aglauraq.
letter, upper-case ~ n. aglakpak.
level (carpentry) n. uviäatilaaàun.
level, to be ~ vi. qaiq- (2).
level, to use a ~ vi. uviäatilaaq-.
level-headed, to be ~ vi. tatitu-.
lever
n. ipuàaun.
lever, to ~ vt. ipruk-;
vt. ipuk-.

Leviten. ikayuqti.
liar
n. sagluturuaq.
liberated, to be ~ vi. patchisait-.
libertyn. atanàirrun (C);n. patchisaikkauâiq;n. patchisairvik.
licentiousness n. atugauâiq.
lichenn. tiäaurat.
lichen, white tundra ~ n. niqaaq (2).
lick, to ~vt. aluk-.
lick, to ~ clean vt. ippaq-.
lid
n. matu.
lie, to ~vi. itquànait-;vi. saglu-;
vt. itquqnait-.
lie, to ~ alongside vi. tappiq-.
lie, to ~ down vi. iññaq-;vi. nallaq-;n. iáiàniku;
n. kippaku;
n. miñaq;n. sippaku;n. sippaq (2).
leftover bone n. sauniku.
leftover, to have ~ vi. iáaku-;
vt. kippaku-.
leg
n. niu.
leg, broken ~ n. niugaaq.
leisurely, to work ~ vi. piuraaq- (2).

351

lie, to ~ down on one's side

lit, to be ~ brightly
likingn. nakuaqsriun.
limb
n. isaàuttaq.
limber, to be ~ vi. iqait- (1).
limit (of time or space) n. killi.
limit, to ~ an activity vt. nunut-.
limit, to reach a ~ vi. kaäit- (1).
limited, to be ~ vi. isukâitqataq- (C);vi. nallaqi-;
vi. tullak-.

lie, to ~ down on one's side vi. uluq- (3).
lie, to ~ in wait vt. iäiuqâiq-.
lie, to ~ in wait for ducks vt. mitchiuq-.
lie, to ~ on one's back vi. nala-.
lie, to ~ prone vi. palluäa- (1);vi. pusiäa- (1).

lie, to ~ supine vi. niviq-1 (2).
lie, to ~ with a woman
vi. asru- (1).
lie, to ~ with one's hands behind one's headlimp, to ~vi.

nivàallauraaq-;
vi. niviqsimaaq-.
life
n. iñuggun;n. iñuuâiq.
life, way of ~ n. iñuuniaâiq.
life-giving, to be ~ vi. iñuunaq-.
lifeless, to be ~ vi. iñuuâhit-.
lift, to ~vt. kivik-.
lift, to ~ a heavy object vt. kivvak-.
ligament
n. nukik.
ligament under tongue n. qillun.
light bulb n. naniq.
light (of the sun) n. qauma;
n. qaummaq.
light source, artificial ~ n. qaumman.

light, source of ~ (mythology about Raven, thecreator) n. uvluun (2).
light, to ~ a cigarette vi. sikarriq-.
light, to ~ a lamp or lantern vt. nanniq- (1).
light, to ~ up a room vt. nanniq- (2).
light, to be ~ vi. qaummaàik- (1).
light, to be ~ of weight vi. uqit-.
light, to find ~ in weight vt. uqigi-.
light, to have ~ vi. qauma-.
light, to have little ~ vi. taaq- (2).
lighten, to ~ after fog, darkness, storm, etc. vi.
qauäuraaq-.

light-footed, to be ~ vi. uqiáa-.
lighthearted, to be ~ vi. uqigi-.
lighthearted, to become ~ (after worries are lifted)
vi. uqigái-.

lighthearted, to feel ~ vi. uqigyuummiq-.
lightning
n. ikniqpalak.
like it, almost ~ adv. itnalilaa.
like, one who is ~ n. atiri.
like that one adv. taitñatun.
like thisadv. itna;adv. taatna.
vt. nakuaài-;
vt. nakuaqsri-.
likeminded, to be ~ vi. atisi-.
likenessn. arri (C);n. atri.

like, to ~line

vi. isrukâitqataq-.
vi. tusiat-;
vi. tusriapik-.
n. titiq;
n. tittaq.

line, the ~ to which seal hook is attached n.
manaq (1).

line, to ~ things up vt. siak- (1).
line used to string fish n. nuvviñ.
lined up, to be ~ in a row (used in plural) vi. siak-.
linger, to ~ vi. ittuummi-;
vi. mulluqtu-.
n. nanuluun;n. nanuun.
lining of clothes n. iáuàuaq.
link, one ~ of a chain n. qipáiq.
linked, to be ~ vi. uuyu-2.
lint
n. sanik (3).
lint, to be full of ~ vi. sanäu-.
lint, to have ~ on clothing vi. nivi- (2).
linty, to become ~ vi. sannak-.
linty, to get ~ vi. sanillak-.
lip plugn. tuutaq (1).
lips
n. qaqâuk.
lips, person with big ~n. qaqâuqpalik (2).
liquefy, to ~ blubber vt. igit- (2);vt. igitchiq-.
liquidn. imaàauraq (1).
liquid, area of spreading ~ n. qaaminniq (2);n. qaaptinniq;
n. siiqsinniq (2).
liquid in body n. imaàiak.
liquid remains on the bottom n. natiàluk.
liquid (seeped out) n. siiàñiq.
liquid, spilled ~ n. asitqut;
n. asritqut.
liquorn. ikkutiksraq;
n. taaääaq.
liquor store n. taaääaàisivik.
liquor, to drink ~ vi. taaääaq-.
list, to ~vi. uvaak- (1);vi. uviq-.
listen, to ~ vi. naalaàni-;vi. naalaq-.
listen, to ~ intensely vi. naalaànitqaiàik-.
listless, to be ~ vi. iáatchiq-1.
lit, to be ~ brightly vi. nanniaàik-.

liniment352

Little Bearloon, common ~Little Bear n. siqupsiàat.
Little Dipper n. siqupsiàat.
little, it is too ~ excl. utukkuu.
live coal, to have a ~ vi. aumalik-.
live, to ~ in a house vi. tupiqtuq-.
live, to ~ together vi. atugaàiik-.
live, to ~ with someone vi. iññiusrima- (C).
lively, to be ~ vi. qiààait-;lonesome, to be ~ vi. alianaq- (1);vi. alianniuq-.
adv. aippaani (1);adv. alàaani;
adv. itchapak (C);excl. qaäatai.
long ago, from ~ dem.adv. imakäa.
long ago (realized action) encl. qaäa.
long, anything ~ n. takiruaq (1).
long for, to ~ vt. kimmutiksri-.
long johns [pair] n. iáupiqquk (C).
long since, it's been ~ excl. qaäatai.
long time adv. akkuni;
n. sivisuuraq.
long time ago adv. qaäasaaq.
long, to ~ vi. inuàru-.
long, to be ~vi. isuàaqtu- (C);vi. isruàaqtu-;
vi. taki-.
long, to be as ~ as vi. akuqtu-.
long, to be too ~ vi. kanaaqtu- (2).
long, to become ~ vi. takâi-.
long, to make something too ~ vi. takinaaq- (1);vi. taknaaq-.
long, to stay ~ vi. akkuniit-.
long white fur on caribou's neckn. tiäayuk.
long-billed dowitcher n. siuyukpalik.
longer, to get ~ (of days) vi. uvluqtusri-.
long-lasting, to be ~ vi. piiñàiyait-.
long-legged, to be ~ vi. iñugaqtu- (2);vi. kanaaqtu- (1).
lookn. qiññaq.
look, to ~ vt. qiñiq-.
look, to ~ at a book page by page vt.
makpiàaaq-.
look, to ~ at a line-up vt. siak- (2).
look, to ~ at pictures vt. qiñiqtuaq-.
look, to ~ at someone vi. qiviaq-.
look, to ~ carefully
vt. umiq- (1).
look, to ~ down
vi. kuraaq-.
look, to ~ embarrassed vi. kigiñaàiit- (2).
look, to ~ for animals in the distance vi.
nasriqsruq- (1).
look, to ~ for tracks vt. tumisriuq-.
look, to ~ nice vi. qiññaàik-.
look, to ~ sick vi. kigiñaàiit- (2).
look, to ~ straight (at a person) vi.
kigiñaàruiñaaq-.
look, to ~ up vi. aaàluq-.
look-alike n. arrigiik (C);n. atrigiik.
"looks like" encl. -liilaa.
loom, to ~ large vi. taàutu-.
loon, common ~ n. taatchiäiq.

long ago

vi. uumalaaq-;
vi. uumaruaq- (2).
n. tiäuk.

liver
liver and tendons stuffed in caribou stomach andaged n. tiääiigaq.
living being n. iñugruaq (C).
living, rule for ~ n. iñuuniaqqurrun.
living space n. iñuniaàvik.
living, to make one's ~ vi. iñuuniaq-.
load
n. usiaq;
n. usriaq.

load carried on the back n. nanmak (2);n. natmak (2).
vt. iki-;
vt. iksri-;
vt. iku-;
vt. ikuk- (C) (2);vt. usriáiq-.
load, to ~ a gun vt. qaàriqsui-;vt. qaàriqsuq-.

load, to ~load, to ~ a person on someone's back vt. amaq-.
loaf pann. punnilivik (2);n. qaqqivik (2).
vt. atchit-;
vt. atchitñik-;vt. atuaksrit-;
vt. atugaksrit-.
loath, to be ~ vi. qaaliäa-;
vi. qaayuq-.
loathe, to ~ vt. qaayuài.
located behind pos.adv. kiluani.
lock, to ~ vt. kiluusraq-.
lock washer n. tattuqutaq (1).
lockjaw, to experience ~ vi. paaruk-;
vt. paa-2 (1).
lodged, to be ~ vi. kalipqit-;
vi. kalivsiq-.
lodging, to give ~ vt. tukkuài-.
lodging, to locate ~ vi. iniksraqsiuq-.
log cabinn. maptiàaq.
loin
n. tunu2 (1).
loiter, to ~ vi. qichaàaaq-.

loan, to ~loiter, to ~ around a member of the opposite sex
vi. niviuq- (3).

lonely, to be ~ vi. urgiasruk-1 (2).
loner, to be a ~ vi. kisivri-.

353

loon, pacific arctic ~loon, pacific arctic ~ n. malài (1).
loon, red-throated ~ n. qaksrauq;
n. qaqsrauq.

loon, to imitate the call of a ~ vt. aaàaaääuaq-.
loon, yellow-billed ~ n. tuutlik.
loop
n. nuàlu.
loop for tie strings on mukluk n. putuääiaq.
loop on lasso n. uqsiq.
loose, to be ~ vi. asiñiáa- (C);vi. pituit-;
vi. qasuäa- (2);vi. qasruäa- (2).
loose, to come ~ vi. aggaq-2;
vi. maki-;vi. qauq-;vi. siäiuq-.
loosen, to ~ vt. aggaq-1;
vt. aäivraq-1;
vt. qiáiiq-.
loosen, to ~ a stuck object vt. qauqtiài-.
lopsided, to be ~ vi. uvaaäa-;
vi. uviäa-.
lord
n. ataniq1 (4).
Lord (Jesus) n. atanàuruaq.

lose hair, to ~ (of skin being used as a mattress)
vi. mitqiáuaqqi-.

lose, to ~vt. tammaq-2.
lose, to ~ a contest vt. akiiáipchaq-.
lose, to ~ a sense (of surroundings) vi. siáaiàuti-.
lose, to ~ appetite vi. qiññaq- (1).
lose, to ~ (at dice) vt. siakataq-.
lose, to ~ hold vt. aullai-.
lose, to ~ one's confidence vi. nikagiliq-.
lose, to ~ one's house (due to disaster) vi. tupqiq-.
lose, to ~ one's place to live vi. tukkuiq-.
lose, to ~ one's sight vi. qiñitlaiq-.
lose, to ~ one's way vt. ulamnaa-;
vt. ulapniq-2.

lose, to ~ one's wife vi. nuliiq-.
lose, to ~ relative vi. iáaäiq-1.
lose, to ~ weight vi. paniq-.
loss, complete ~ to the action of waves

n.
uaàniq.
lost thing/person n. tammaqtuaq.
lost, to be ~ vi. tammaq-1;
vi. tammaummi-.
lost, to get ~ vi. ulapniq-1.
loud noise n. ugiaàuulaniq (2).
loud, to be ~vi. nippitu-.
loud, to be too ~ for the ears vi. qukiàñaq-.
louse
n. kumak1 (1).
louse egg n. itqiq.
louse (found on muskrats) n. pauq.
love
n. naglikkun;

lullabyn. nakuaqqun;
n. nakuaqsriãiq;n. nakuaqsriun;n. piqpakkun;
n. piqpakkutiâiq;
n. piqpaksriãiq.
love (reciprocal) n. piqpakkutigiiãiq.
love, to ~ vt. nakuaài-;
vt. nakuaqsri-;
vt. piqpagi-;
vt. piqpaksri-.
love, to make ~ vi. asru- (1).
lovely, to be ~ vi. iqsiñait-.
lover
n. piqatnaaq.
low bush cranberries n. kikmiññaq.

low spot in the ground (for storage)
low, to be ~ vi. nakit-;vi. pukkit-.

low, to become ~ (of fire)n. itiqsraq.

vi. qapsuk-;vi. qavsuk-.
lower leg n. kanagaq.
lower, to ~ a flame vt. qapsuktaaq-;
vt. qavsuktaaq-;
vt. qavyuktaaq-.
lower, to ~ one's head vi. kuruk-;vi. kutraq-;vi. siki-.
lower, to be ~ in quality vi. uniktuuma-.
lower, to become ~ vi. imaiqsaaq-;
vi. pukâi-1.
lower, to come ~ vi. naqigái-.
lower, to make ~ vt. arvaq- (C)2 (2);vt. atvaq- (2);vt. pukâi-2.
lowest one n. alliq;
n. atliq.
lowest, to be the ~ one vi. alliu-;
vi. atliu-.
lowlandn. iáuqsraäanaaq;
n. iáuqsraq (C);n. iminäaniq (C).
low-pitched, to have a ~ voice vi. qatitu-.
loyal, to be ~ vi. tuniqsima- (1).
lubricating oil n. uqsruaàruk (2).
"luckily"excl. aniqsa.
lucky, to be ~ vi. piáautaq-.
lukewarm, to be ~ vi. kirraq-;vi. uunaaq-;
vi. uunaavyuk-.
lull, to ~ to sleep vt. maksaq-;
vt. mapsaq-.
lullabyn. aqaun (C);n. maksaun;
n. mapsaun.

354lumber for framing

married, to become ~lumber for framing
n. avaluksrat.
lump, to feel a ~ in the throat vi. quu- (1).
lunchn. qitiàutaq;

vt. qitiquutchiq-.
n. puvak.
n. naàiaq;n. niksik.
lure, to ~ by odor vi. naàiaq-.
lured, to be ~ vi. nivi- (1).
lustn. pisugruaàun (2);n. pisuänaun (2).
lynx
n. niituuyiq;
n. nuutuuyiq.

lung
lure

n. qitiquutaq.

lunch food n. aiáiáàutaq;

n. qitiquutaksraq.

lunch, take-along ~ n. taqquaq.
lunch time n. aiáiãiq;n. qitiquutchiàvik.

lunch, to eat ~ vi. aiái-;vi. qitiàusiq-;M - mmad, to be ~ vi. qanuâak-.
mad, to feel ~ vi. uumisuk-.
maggotn. qupilàuq (2).
maggotsn. qupilàuksraq.
magic song, shaman's ~ n. atuatuuââuk (C);n. uniaàaak.

manifest, to make ~ vt. satqummiq-.
manipulate, to ~ vt. aäalat- (3);n. atuuââuk;n. atuutluk.

magic song, to sing a ~vi. atuurviãuk- (C);vi. atuutiâuk-;vt. atuurviáuk- (C).
magnetn. nipinnaq;
n. nuqitchiraàaqtuaq.
magnifying glass n. aäinaq.
mail received n. tuyuusriaq.
mail sent to someone n. tuyuutit.
maintain a grasp, to ~ with one's legs vi.
quumiutaq- (2).
make, to ~ vt. piái-;
vt. suli-.
make, to ~ a fancy mukluk trim vi. quliliuq-.
make, to ~ qiaq vi. qirri-.
make, to ~ smooth vt. qaiqsaq-.
maker
n. iñiqsiri (1).
maker of gravemarkers n. nappaqutchiqiri (2).
make-up, to ~ one's face vt. aànaàiksaq-.
malcontent, to be ~ vi. kipinäusuk- (2).
male partner
n. aäutnuniq.
male seal in breeding season n. tiggak.
malicious, to be ~ vi. pisaaäa-.
maltreat, to ~ vt. aäallaàluuti-;
vt. aäallaqâuuti-.
mammoth n. kiligvak.
mann. aäun.
man, "little" old ~ n. aäugaatchauraq.
man, old ~ n. aäugaatchiaq.
man, young ~ n. nukatpiaq;
n. nukatpiraksraq.
mandiblen. agliàuq;
n. aàlu (C);355

vt. aulat-;vt. aulatchi-.
manipulated, to be ~ vi. aäalatchiqsuaq-.
manner, in this ~ adv. itnamun.
man's belt n. tiàiksraq.
mantlen. ipiàaq (2).
manuren. nagguksraun.
many, to be ~ vi. amiràaq- (C);vi. iñugiak-.
map
n. nunaääuaq.
mar, to ~vt. qipuktuq-1.
March (C) n. qiáàit tatqiat.
marijuana cigarette n. ipiqqiq.
markn. aglak;n. nalunaitmiutaq (1);n. nalunaitäutaq;
n. titiàniq (1);n. titiq;
n. tittaq.
mark, to ~ vt. aglak-;vt. miñuk- (3);vt. nalunaiqsi- (1);
vt. nalunaitäutchiq-;
vt. titiq-.
markern. iáitchuqqun (1);n. nalunaiáutaq.
marksman n. niqsayuk.
marmot, hoary ~ n. siksrikpak.
marred, to become ~ vi. qipuktuq-2.
marriagen. iáaqatigiiãiq.
marriage partner n. iáaqatigiiksittuaq.
married, newly ~ couple n. katinàaatchiak.
married, to become ~ vi. aäutinik- (C);vi. katchuuti-;
vi. katitit- (2);vi. katruq-;

marrow

membrane, scraped from dried animal skinvi. nuliaq-;
vi. uiñik-.
n. patiq.

marrow
marrow in the hind leg of a caribou n. kiniàniq (3).
marrow, to eat ~ vi. patiq-.
marrow, to suck ~ from a bone vi. patiqsruk-.
marsh
n. aqayaqisaaq;
n. mauyaqisaaànaq.

marsh grass, long-stemmed ~ (eaten by caribou) n.
nakaurat.
n. qapvaitchiaq;
n. qavviatchiaq.
marvel, to ~ vi. aliuq- (2);vi. kamanniuq-;
vt. aliuàutigi-;
vt. naàriasruk-.
masculine, to be ~ vi. aäutau- (C).
mask
n. kigiñaääuaq.
mass, confused ~ n. katiqsruàniq.
massage, to ~ vi. nanuk-.
mast
n. nappaqti.
mastern. aäaayuqaq;
n. ataniq1 (2).
mastodon n. kiligvak.
matn. qarraaq.
match
n. ikkun.
mate, female ~ (for animal) n. nuliaq (2).
materialn. iáiàniq;n. iáiqniq.
maternity ward n. iàñivik (1).
mathematics
n. iáaraàaàniq (C).
mattock
n. ulimmaun.
mattress
n. ikivàaq;
n. qarraaq.
mattress, skin ~ n. alliàaq;
n. atliàaq;
n. qaatchiaq.
mature, to ~ vi. iñuguq-;
vi. piàuq-1 (1).
maul, to ~ vt. ugiaq-2.
Mayn. sikuiàvik;n. Supivik.
mepron. uvaäa.
meadow, open ~ n. suàaiáaq.
meal eaten after traveling n. tikiutaq.
mean, I ~ encl. -ami.
mean, to ~ vi. qanuutau-.
mean, to be ~ vi. saqâak-;vi. uluàiit- (2).
meander, to ~ vi. saquuqataq-.
meaning
n. qanuun.
means, by what ~? quest. sukun?
measlesn. kaviqsi.
measuren. uuktuq.

martenmeasure, to ~ for proper size vt. iviqtit- (2).
measure, to ~ length vt. aktilaaq-;
vt. taktilaaq-.

measuring device n. uuktuun (1).
measuring device (for a fish net) n. iraàuqtuun;
n. kuvriñ.

meat
n. niqi.
meat, any ~ with ribs n. tulimaalik.
meat, black ~ (wind/sun dried seal meat) n.
niqiniknaq.

meat cooked "rare" n. uupasulaaq.
meat grinder n. siqupsiñ;

n. takkuutik;
n. tammuun.
meat, ground ~ n. tuttuqâuk (2).
meat/fish, partly dried n. paniqâuktat.
meat/fish, partly dried ~ n. paniàruktat.
meat/fish, uncooked ~ n. uiáaq.
medallion (meat) n. ivaluliñiq (2);n. uliusiñiq (2).
mediatorn. akuniàun (2);n. uqapsaaàutriksraq (2).
medical doctor n. taakti.
medicine
n. mairisit.
medicine (swallowed) n. iiraàat.
mediumn. aäatkuànaq.
meek, to be ~ vi. qiñuit-.
meet, to ~ vi. iññiq-1 (1);vi. kasima-;
vi. katima-;
vt. kasuq-;
vt. kati- (1);vt. paaàuti-;
vt. paaq-;
vt. paaqsi-;
vt. paràuti-.
meet, to ~ by chance vt. nalaut- (1);
vt. nalautchi-.
meet, to ~ for the first time vt. uumiäaaq-.
meet, to ~ with a distinct purpose vt.
katimatyaàiaq-.
meeting
n. katimaâiq.
meeting place n. katimmavik;
n. katraàvik.
melancholy, to be ~ vi. quviiq- (2).
melt, to ~ vi. auktiq-;
vi. auniq- (C);vi. auraq- (1);vt. auk-2.
melt, to ~ snow for drinking vt. immi- (1);vt. immiuq- (1).
member (of something) n. sulliñiq.

membrane, scraped from dried animal skinmamiq.

356n.

membrane, the outer ~ of intestine

miss, to ~ a person

membrane, the outer ~ of intestine n. qiaq (2).
mementon. itqakkun;

n. itqakkutauruaq;
n. paisaq.
mend, to ~ vt. allaiq-;
vt. killaiyaq-;
vt. tumaq-2.
mend, to ~ a fish net vt. kuvriuq-.
mended, to be ~ vi. allaiq-.
men's breeches n. quutaqsruànaq.
menstruate, to ~ vi. aalàu-.
mental health, to be in poor ~ vi. ilitqusiàiit- (C)(2);
vi. ilitqusriàiit- (2).
mentally, to be ~ deficient vi. qauàrimaaàiit(2).
merciful, to be ~ vi. naglikkutiqaq-;
vi. nagliktau-.
merciless, to be ~ vi. nagliktaiq-;
vi. nagliktait-.
mercy
n. naglikkun;
n. nagliksraun;n. nagliktaq;
n. nagliääuuàun.
merganser, redbreasted ~ n. paisugruk.
merging
n. katyaaàiik.
mesh size (of fish net) n. iraàaqturuaq;
n. iraàukkisuuraq;
n. iraàuq.
messagen. kilgun;n. kiliktuun;n. uqaqsriusiaq.
message, to be given a ~ vi. uqaqsritkauma-.
messenger n. kipaluurauq;
n. kivgaq;
n. uqaàiaktauksraq;
n. uqqiraqtauq.
messenger (bad news) n. kilgiruaksraq.
messenger feast, to hold a ~ vi. kivgiq-.
messenger, visiting from another village n.
aqpattaq.
Messiahn. anniqsuqti akiqsruutaurauq.
messy, to be ~ vi. ikkaäa-;
vi. itchaäa-.
metal
n. saviãhaq.
metal can n. qattautchikkaq.
metal, galvanized ~ n. qivliqtaq (2).
meteorn. uvluàiam anaäa.
middlen. qitiq.
middle finger n. qitiqâiàmik.
middle one, the ~ n. qitiqâiq.
middle, to be at the ~ vi. qitiqpaq- (C);vi. qitiquq-.
midgetn. aglisuiáauraq;357

n. aglitchiiáaq;
n. iñugaqaâigauraq;
n. iñuäuluuraq.
midriff
n. kanivaun.
mid-summer n. auraqpaguq.
midwifen. iàñipkairi.
might
n. saääik;n. sapiànaun;
n. sayak (1).
mighty man n. sapiànaqtaaq.
migrate, to ~ vi. kiñu-.
mild, to be ~ (of weather)vi. irrait- (C);vi. itrait-.
mild, to become ~ (of weather) vi. irraiq- (C);vi. itraiq-.
mile (a measure) n. tirraq (2).
military officer n. qulliq (1).
milk
n. immuk.
milk (breast or udder) n. miluk (2).
milk, to ~ a reindeer vt. immuli-.
mime, to ~ vi. nipaiáaq-.
mimic, to ~ vt. irrimik- (C);vt. irruaq-.
mind
n. isuma (C);n. isruma.
ministern. agaayuliqsi;
n. aäaayuliqsi;
n. ikayuutiruaq;
n. quliaqtuaqti;
n. savakti.
ministryn. ikayuqtauâiq;
n. ikayuutauâiq;n. savautriãiq.
mink
n. tiàiaqpak.
minute hand of a clock n. takiruaq (2).
miraculous, to be ~ vi. atlayuaànaq-.
miragen. uyumiq (1).
mirage, to create a ~ vt. iñipkaq-.
mirrorn. taààaqtuun.
mirror, to ~ vt. taààaqtuq-.
miscarry, to ~ vi. iàñaiyaaq-.
miscellany box n. suqaàviuraq.
mischievous, to be ~ vi. iñunäunaq-;
vi. papriñaq-.
miserable, to be ~ vi. piiááiuqtuaq-.
miserly, to be ~ vi. miàvisuk-.
misfire, to ~ (of a gun) vi. kutchuq-.
mislay, to ~ vt. tammaq-2.
misleading, to be ~vi. asiäñaq- (C);vi. asriäñaq-.
mismatched, to be ~ vi. yuukiik- (1).
miss, to ~ vt. inuq-2;
vt. kiñuvaq-.
miss, to ~ a person vt. iñuiáaàuti- (1);

miss, to ~ a target
vt. ivaàiatchi-;vt. kiñuviannak-;vt. piitchi-;vt. urgiasruk-2.
miss, to ~ a target vt. asitqut-;
vt. asritqut-;
vt. igáuaq- (C) (1);vt. igáutqut-;vt. uniuq- (1).
miss, to ~ a tool vt. ivaàianaq-.
miss, to ~ an appointment vi. kiñuàaq-.
miss, to ~ an opportunity vt. kiñuàauti-.
miss, to ~ one's destination vt. uniuq- (1).
miss, to ~ the mark vt. ataut-2.
missing, to be ~ vi. piit-.
mist
n. avyuq (C) (1);n. miñik (1).
mist, to ~ vi. miñik- (1).
mistaken. killukuaàun.
mistake, to ~ vi. killukuaq-.
mistreat, to ~ vt. pattuq-;
vt. pimaqâuk-.
misty, to be ~ vi. uyuniq-.
misunderstand, to ~ vt. kinnaqsaq-1.
mitten strings n. agluutak (2);n. anu (2).
mittens
n. aatqatik;n. aiqpak (C).
mix, to ~vt. akut- (1).
mix, to ~ motor gas and motor oil vt. uqsriuq-.
mixed, to be ~ vi. akuvlilik-.
mixing bowl n. akutchivik.
mixturen. akuvliqtaq (C);n. avulik.
mixture for akutuq
n. akutchiaq.
mixture of fat and berries n. qamaamak.
mixture of fat, berries, fish and/or meat n.
akutaq (C);n. akutuq.
mixture of intestines n. aminilik.
mixture of rain and snow n. misuligruaq.
mixture of white fish eggs and snow n. uàni.
moan, to ~ vi. ariila-;vi. iila-;vi. imñiqsaq-;
vi. imäala-;
vi. qinaala-;
vi. qiniqqaluk-.
mock, to ~ vt. iáaààisi-;
vt. kipakâiq-.
mock, to ~ much vi. mitauttu-.
mock/mimic, to ~ vi. iruànaq-;
vt. iruài-.
model
n. piääuaq.

morning star
moderate, to ~ one's behavior vi. palaääak-.
modest, to be vi. sapiqsraq-.
moist, to become ~vi. ivsak- (C).
moisten, to ~ vt. imaqtiq-;
vt. matchaktiq-;
vt. misaktiq-.
moisten, to ~ a skin vt. imaqsi-.
moisten, to ~ one's lips vt. misak-2.

moistened skin, to lay a ~ out overnightvt.

putchii-;
vt. putchiq-1.

moistened skin, to lay aside a ~ (during tanning)
vt. putillak-.

moistened skin, to store a ~ vt. putchimaallaktit-;
vt. putchimapkapsaaq-.

molar, lower ~ tooth n. allimàaq;n. atlimàaq;
n. kaäiáipqaq.
molarsn. atlimàat.
molassesn. milaasiq.
mold
n. uquk.
moldy, to become ~ vi. uquk-.
mole
n. auktaq (1).
mole on one's face n. tuutaq (2).
molluskn. siutuquyuk.
molt, to ~ vi. isa- (C);vi. isra-.
moment, at this ~ adv. itnami.
Mondayn. atausiäuàniq (C);n. atausiäuàun (C) (2);n. maqinàuâiq;n. savaliiãiq.
money
n. manik.
money lender n. simmiáiaksraqtuaq.
money, to receive ~ vi. maniññak-.
money-maker n. maniññaäniq.
Mongolian spot n. tigluäniq.
month
n. tatqiq.
month, to begin a new ~ vi. tatqiáitqik-;vi. tatqiñik-.
moon
n. tatqiq.
moor, to ~ vt. pituk-;
vt. pituqqit-.
moorage: place for mooring a boat n. pitugvik (2).
moose
n. tiniikaq;
n. tuttuvak.
mop
n. tilautit.
mop bucket n. tilagvik.
moral instruction, to give ~ vt. ayuqiqsaq-.
moral teaching n. ayuqiqsuun.
morningn. uvlaaq.
morning sickness, to have ~ vi. iáummiutaqatlaiq(1).
morning star n. aagruuk (1).

358

morning, this ~muffinmorning, this ~ adv. uvlaapak;

mouth of river n. isiàiaq;adv. uvlaavak.

morning, to be early in the ~ vi. uvlaatchau-.
mortician n. tuqurualiqiri.
mosquiton. kiktuàiaq.
mosquito fan n. patkutaq.
mosquito repellent n. kiktuàiaqsiun (1);n. puyuàluqutit.
n. kiktuàiaqsiun (2);n. tupiquraq.

mosquito tent

mosquitoes, to have a smoky fire as protection
against ~ vi. puyuqâuk-.
moss, caribou ~n. niqaaq (2).
moss, wet tundra ~ n. imaqhaq (2).
mostlyadv. suvaluk (2).
mothern. aaka;n. aana2.

mother duckn. aanauraq.
mother-in-law n. aakaruaq;
n. aanaruaq (2).

motion picture n. qiñiqtuaq (2).
motion sickness, to have ~ vi. iäiulinäu-.
motion, to ~ with arms vi. nuluqtuq-.
motionless water n. qasruniq.
motivate, to ~ vt. siimasaaq- (1).
motivated, to be ~ vi. kipiàniuq-1.
motivation n. kipiàniuàun;
n. uummatmiutaq.

motor boat n. igniligauraq (C);n. ikniligauraq;
n. uqsruqâuuraq.
motor for boat n. ikniqqutit.
moundn. piäu (1);n. piäuksranauraq.
mound, a hollow ~ n. imiäñiq.

mound, small ~ isolated in flat area n. piäuktaaq.
mountain n. iààiq (C);n. iñàiq.

mountain base (with a gradual slope) n.
uvaaäaniq.

mountain sorrel n. quäulliq.
mourn, to ~ vi. isumaaq- (C)1;
vi. isrumaaq-;
vi. kiñuvàu-;
vi. kiäuvàu-;
vi. siaqqa-.

mourn, to ~ the loss of a partner vi. kiñunàuu-.
mourning song n. qirran (1).
mousen. aviññaq;n. aviääaq (C).

mouse hole n. sisi.
moustache, to grow a ~ vi. ummak-.
mouth
n. qaniq.
mouth, corner of ~ n. iqiq.

359

n. isiqsaaàniq;n. paa (2).
mouth, to close one's ~ vt. uqummiq- (2).
mouth, to keep in one's ~ vt. uqummiq- (1).
mouth, to put into one's ~ vt. uqummirriq-.
mouthpiece of a tobacco pipe n. milugvik.
mouthwash n. qalaktuun.
move, to ~ vi. aula-;
vi. nuut-2 (1);
vt. nuktit-;
vt. nuut-1.
move, to ~ about after being shot fatally vi.
ikisia-.
move, to ~ about excitedly vi. qauqtala-;
vi. tiqtala-.
move, to ~ alongside of something vi. tatimmiraq(3).
move, to ~ around vi. aulaaluk-;
vi. kukiáuk-.
move, to ~ aside vi. saniqpaqtaaq-;
vi. sanitvaqtaaq-;
vt. ilak-.
move, to ~ away from the door vi. qulvaq-.
move, to ~ constantly vi. pikaala- (2);vi. pikit-.
move, to ~ from place to place vi. nuktaq-.
move, to ~ from shore toward higher ground vi.
kiluvaq- (2).
move, to ~ into a cool place vi. taààit- (1).
move, to ~ on vi. kiñu-.
move, to ~ slightly vt. qanäui-;vt. qanäuq-;vt. qatäuq-.
move, to ~ to an uninhabitated place vi.
sanivaq-.
move, to ~ to another place vi. nuktiq-.
move, to begin to ~ vi. aulayak-;vt. aulayyauti- (2).
move, to get up and ~ quickly vi. tupisrallak-.
movie
n. qiñiqsitaaq.
mow, to ~ grass vi. kipluq-.
mucus
n. nuvak;n. tivvuaq.
mucus from the nose n. kakkik.
mudn. maààaq.
mud shark n. titaalik.
mud, soft ~ n. maààatlaq;
n. maqqatlak.
mud, wet ~ n. aqayak (1).
muddy, to be ~ vi. ikkaäa-;
vi. isuq- (C);vi. isruq-.
muffinn. irauraqtat;

muffin pan

napen. kiglasuiññaq.

n. iraurigauraqtat (C).

muffin pan n. iraurrisit.
muffler, a ~ n. naqsiuraq.
mukluk ankle strap
n. siäiq.
mukluk, the back of a ~ n. kiñuàaq.
mukluk with fancy fur trim n. qulaaàun;n. qupaligaaq.
n. atikuluk;
n. kamalaurak.
mukluks, soft-soled n. iáiànilik (1);n. iáiqnilik (1).
multi-colored n. aglagaaq (C).
multiply, to ~ vi. iñugiaksi-;
vi. iñugiaksitmuk-.
multi-pronged baited fishhook n. qaàruqsaq.
mumble, to ~ vi. aqapiáuk- (C);vi. imäaluk-2;
vi. niplia-;
vi. nivlia-.

muscular person n. nukigáuk.
muse, to ~ vi. itqauma-.
mush (cooked oatmeal cereal) n. matchaaq.
mushroom, poisonous ~ n. argaiàñaq.
musiciann. atuqtuuraqti.
musk-oxn. umiämak.
muskratn. kigvaluk.
muskrat, black ~ n. qiàñiq.
muskrat feeding ground n. nunautit.
musseln. uviáu;

mukluks, man's dress ~mumble, to ~ (especially when feeling mad about
someone) vi. qipquluk-.
murdern. iñuaàun.
murder, to ~ vi. iñuaq-.
murder victim n. iñuktaq;
n. tuqqutaq.

murder weapon n. iñuaàun.
murderern. iñuaqti;

n. iñuktalik;n. tuqqutchiruaq.
murmur, to ~ vi. niplia-;
vi. nivlia-;
vi. uqapiáuk-.
murre, common ~ n. atpa.
muscle, calf ~ (of caribou) n. siääiq (1).
muscle cramp n. qilu (2).
muscle, large back ~ n. ivaluliñiq (1).
muscle, neck ~ n. ivaluuraak;n. uviáuq.
vi. uqallait-;vi. uqatlait-.
mutter, to ~ vi. nipaiáuksi-;
vi. tusaqâiàaâiq-;vi. tusaqâiàaq-;vi. tusraqâiàaâiq-;vi. uqaqtuyaaq-.
muttering n. tusaqâiàaun.
muzzlen. sigguuk (C) (1);n. siyyuuk;
n. umilàuq (1).
muzzle, dog ~ n. ivraàun;n. siyyuàun.
muzzle, walrus' ~ n. umilàuaq.
my dear daughter voc. paniiä.
my dear grandchild voc. tutiiä.
My dear one! voc. aañuäuuraaä! (C);voc. anaäauraaä!
my friend n. sunaaàa.
my goodness! excl. yahii!
mysteryn. kalipsiksuaq.
mythn. unipchaaq.
mythical beast n. tiritchiq.

mute, to be ~N - nnag, to ~vt. suakataala-;
vt. suaämik-;
vt. uqaala-2.
nailn. kikiak.
nail, to ~vt. kikiaktuq-.
nailed, to be ~ vi. kikialik-.
nails, to make ~ vt. kikirri-.
nails, to pull out ~ vt. kikiaäiyaq-.
naked, to be ~ vi. atnuàaiáaq-;vi. atnuàait-.

naked, to be ~ from the waist down vi. usiááaaq-.
name, family ~ n. atipiaq;
n. ativik (C).

name, given ~ n. atiàusiq;
n. atiq.

name, to ~ someone

vt. atchiq- (1);
vt. taiguuti-.
name, to find out someone's ~ vi. atiqsi-.
named, to be ~ vi. atilik;
vi. tai-.
named, to be ~ in a will vi. atchiqsima-.
names, list of ~ n. atiqtigun.
namesake n. atiq.
namesake's wife n. uumaa (3).
nap, to take a ~ vi. siqutqik- (1).
napen. pikuk (1).

360

nape of necknews, to hear bad ~nape of neck n. tunusruk.
napkinn. ivgun;needlen. mitqun.
needle case, of bone n. ikpiaàruk (1);narcotic

needle nose pliers n. kigiruatnak.
needy person n. inuqsraliuqtuaq;n. tipliiyaun.
n. siñguänaq;n. siñiänaq.
narrow part n. amiáàuq.
narrow sand spit n. tirraq (1).
narrow, to be ~ vi. amigái- (1);vi. amit-;
vi. irakit-;
vi. niàukit-.
narrow, to be too ~ vi. kapit-1;
vi. tattuq- (3).
narrowest part n. amiññiqsraq (1).
nasal cavity n. suàlu;
n. suàluq.
nasty, to be ~ vi. uluàiit- (2).
nationn. nunaaqqiqpak;
n. nunauruat.
nature's forces n. siáam iñua.
nauseated, to be ~ vi. iáummiutaqatlaiq- (2);vi. miàianäu-;
vi. qaiáiunäu-.
navel
n. qalasiq.
navigate, to ~ vi. sivut-.
near side, located at the ~ pos.adv. qanirvani.
near the door dem.adv. ugga.
near the entryway, located ~ dem.adv. uani.
near, to be ~ vi. qanit-.
near, to be ~ the edge vi. patlik-.
nearbyadj. qani.
nearby, from ~ adv. tamaakäaquyuuraq.
necessary item n. atuumanapiaqtuaq.
necessary, to be ~ vi. inuqnaqsi-.
necessities n. suaàruich (2);n. suàautat (1);n. suàusrit (1).
necessities of life n. piraksrat.
neck, back of ~ n. pikuk (1).
neck of animal n. quäusiñiq (1).
neck (of humans) n. quäusiq.
neck skin, caribou ~ n. quäiaq.
neckband n. quäusiàun.

n. uyamik (3).

neckband (for keeping chin and neck warm) n.
necklacemanuàun (1).
n. nuàluàun;n. uyamitquaq.

neckline (part of a garment) n. nuiáak (1).
neckline, to have a large ~ vi. nuiáatu-.
neckline, to have a small ~ vi. nuiáakkit-.
need, to ~ vt. inuài-;
vt. inuqsi-;
vt. inuqsraq-.
needed, to be ~ vi. inuqnaqsi-.

361

n. inuqsraqtuaq;
n. inuqtuutiruaq.
neglect, to ~ vt. alapigi-;
vt. itigai-;
vt. itigaq-;
vt. suksraàinàit-;vt. suqutiginàiq-;vt. suqutiginàit-.
Negro
n. taaqsipak.
Negro child n. taaqsipaiyaaq (2).
Negro, young ~ n. taaqsipaiyaaq (2).
neighborn. iñuuniaqqan;
n. siáalliq (2).
nephew
n. nuaàaaluk;n. uyuàu.
nerve
n. nukiàuq.
nervous, to be ~ vi. nuyualiq-;
vi. nuyuqqak-;vi. tupinäa-.
nervous, to become ~ vi. tupinäasi-.
nest (bird) n. uvluun (1).
net, dip ~ n. qalu.
net, fish ~ n. kuvraq (1).
net for catching wolves, or rabbits n. puuàu.
net for whitefish n. qausriáuksiun.
net, hand-made ~ n. qiáaaq (2);n. qiáaktaq (3).
net needle n. nuviááaun.
net rope
n. ammun.
net, to check ~ vt. kuvraqsruq-.
net, to make a fish ~ vt. kuvrauri-.
net, to make fish ~ vt. kuvri- (1).
net, to set a fish ~ vt. kuvriq-.
net, to use a ~ (catching ptarmigan)vt.
puuàuaq-.
net, to use a ~ (catching rabbits) vt. puuàutuq- (2).
net, to use a ~ (catching wolves) vt. puuàutuq(1).
Never mind excl. suksraq.
new moon n. tatqiq nuiruq.
new, something ~ n. nutaaq (2).
new, to be ~ vi. nutau-.
new, to get something ~ vi. pitchiaq-.
newbornn. aniqammiuraq.
newborn (baby) n. aniáàammiuraq.
newlyweds n. nuliaàiitchiak.
news
n. tusaayugaaq;
n. tusraayugaaq.
news, to hear bad ~ vi. tutchaàluk-.

news, to receive ~news, to receive ~ vi. tusraayugaaq- (2).
newspaper n. tusraayugaat.
next onen. tugliq.
next one, the ~ n. tuglia.
next to— saniàaanun, see: saniq.
next, to be ~ vi. tugliu-.
nibble, to ~ at food vt. irgasiq-;

vt. kigaluk-;
vt. putyuämik-.
nice!
excl. anaäaa.
nice, to be ~ vi. aarigaaäu-.
nice, to look ~ vi. iññaàik- (C).
nick, to ~ vt. aksiuk-.
niece
n. nuaàaaluk;n. uyuàu.
night
n. unnuaq.
night, to do things at ~ vi. mumiäasi-.
nightgown n. siñäutnaq.
nightmare, to have a ~vi. siññaàluk-;vi. siññaqtuumaqâuk-.
nimbusn. qaumaniq (2).
nine
n. quliääuàutaiáaq.
nineteenn. iñuiñaàutaiáaq.
ninetyn. sisamakipiaq qulit.
nipple (baby bottle) n. muluk.
nipple of a breast n. miluk (1);n. mulu (2);n. qipmiuraq (2).
nipple of bottle n. milugvik (2).
no!
excl. naumi! (C).
No! (used sparingly) excl. naagga;
excl. qaäaa!
No way!
excl. amiumaa!
nock (groove for a string)n. itiàruk (1).
nocturnal, to assume a ~ routine vi. mumiäasi-.
nod, to ~ drowsily vi. nayaäaq-.
nod, to ~ one's head while others dance vi. asiq-1
(2).
noise
n. iñuksruäniq;n. nipitu;
n. siaksruäniq.
noise, to make ~ vi. iñuksrula-.
noise, to make ~ by falling vi. apsak-.
noise, to make ~ by striking vt. kasrak-.
noise, to make ~ (of squirrel) vi. siititiq-.
noise, to make ~ (wind) vi. apsatitaq-.
noiseless, to be ~ vi. nipait-.
noise-maker toy n. imigluktaaq;
n. imigluktaun.
noises, unknown ~ (cause for fear) n. iqsiut;
n. uliqqatit.

nut
noisy, to be ~ vi. nippitu-.
noisy, to be ~ when working vi. apsaluk-.
non-responsive, to be ~ vi. kiggutait-.
noon
n. qitiquutaq.
noon, to be ~ vi. qitiqpaq- (C);vi. qitiquq-.

north
n. nigaaàruk.
North Star n. uvluàiasugruk.
north, to blow from the ~ vi. nigiqpagniq-.
northern buttercup n. taqilakisaaq.
northern lights n. kiguàayak;
n. kiuàuyat.

northern lights appear (of winter sky) vi.
kiuàuyaliq-.

Northern Pike n. siulik.
Northern sucker n. qaviqsuaq.
northern wood frog n. naaàaayiq.
nose
n. qiäaq (1).
nose bridge n. akuliaq.
nose tipn. kuniun.
nosebleed n. auktuq.
nosebleed, to have a ~ vi. auktit-.
nostril, flare of ~ n. taqpak.
nostril, outer flare of ~ n. atqasuk.
notch
n. kikkaq.
notch, to make a ~ in wood vt. kiki-.
nothingadv. asi (C);n. piuäiáaq.
vi. suuyumiñait-.
vi. sunàisaaq-;
vi. sunàit-;vi. suäit-.
noun (in Iñupiat grammar) n. atiqausiq;
n. taggiñ (2).
November n. nippivik.
nudge, to ~ someone vt. tuullak.
nuisance
n. agiurrun (C);n. nagrun.

nothing, to be ~nothing, to do ~Nuisance! (expression for one who annoys) excl.
maksaun.

nuisance, to be a ~ vi. iáalàutau-;vi. iñukâuqutau-.

numb, to be ~ vi. qauàrimait-.
numbern. kisirrun.
numerous, to be ~ vi. iñugiak-.
nurse
n. iñuunniaqti (2).
nurse, to ~ (with a bottle) vt. miluktit-.
nurture, to ~ to maturity vt. iñukkuk-.
nut
n. qaqquànaq.

362

oar, double-bladed ~offeringO - ooar, double-bladed ~ n. paaqtutik.
oar, long ~ n. ippun.
oar, to put an ~ into an oarlock vt. ippusiq- (C),;vt. ippusriq-.
n. ippurvik;
n. ippusiq.
oarlock, hole for an ~ n. ippusiàvik.
oarlocks, to attach ~ vt. ippurviáiq-.
oatmealn. qayusraaksraq.
obedience n. kamaksriãiq;n. tupiksriãiq.
obedient, to be ~ vi. uqaqsiàiaq- (1).
obese, to be ~ vi. uviñiq-.
obey, to ~ vi. tupiksri-;
vt. kamagi-;
vt. kamakkuti-;
vt. kamaksri-;
vt. tupigi-;
vt. ukpigi-.
obey, to ~ immediately vt. tupisrallak-.
object, hidden or concealed ~ n. iriqtaq.
obligation n. kamagiraksriun.
oblong hole, item with an ~ cut into it n. ukiññiq.
oblong, to cut an ~ hole vt. ukit-.
obscure, to be ~ vi. kalipsik-.
obscured, to be (by mist) vi. miñik- (1).
observe, to ~ carefully vt. qaunaksruq-.
observe, to ~ closely vt. naipiq-.
observe, to ~ secretly vt. iriàaqtuq-.
observe, to ~ with hostile intent vt. naipit- (1).
observed, to feel ~ vi. taàutugi-.
obstaclen. agrutaq (C) (2);n. avrialutaq;
n. avriutaq;
n. uivvaq.
obstinate, to be ~ vi. aaäa-;
vi. sivuniqtuuq-;
vi. sivutmuu- (1).
obstruct, to ~ vt. nagrutaq- (1).
obtain, to ~ vt. ayuvsaq-;
vt. piksraq- (2).
obtain, to be difficult to ~vi. ayuànaq- (2).
obtuse, to be ~ vi. alapyaäaaq- (1).
obvious, to be ~ vi. iáisimanaq-;
vi. nalunait- (1).
obvious, to become ~ vi. sagviq-1.
occiput
n. tunusruk.
occupied, to be ~ vi. inaiq-.
occupied, to become ~ vi. iññiq-1 (2).
occupy, to ~ a place vt. iññiq-2 (2).

oarlock363

ocean
n. taàiuq (2).
ocean current, flowing away from shoren.

atchaaànaq (C).

ocean, the part toward the ~ n. salliq.
ocean, to move toward the ~ vi. sarvaqtaaq-1;
vt. sarvaq-2.

ocean, toward the ~ dem.adv. samma.
ocean wave n. qaggaq;
n. qaiáiq.

ocher (mineral oxide of iron)
Octobern. nuliaàvik;n. sikkuvik;
n. Silivik;
n. Sullivik.
octopusn. amiksraq (2).
odd, to be ~ vi. maluknaq-.
odor
n. iáusruäniq;n. naggiñ;
n. nai;n. tipi.

odor, to develop a strong ~n. ivisaaq.

vi. tipituq-;
vi. tippak-.
odor, to emit an ~ vi. naima-.
odor, to emit bad ~ vi. tipliraq-.
odor, to have a bad ~ vi. tipigiit-.
odor, to have a good ~ vi. tipigik-.
odor, to have a strong ~ vi. tipitu-.
odor, to have underarm ~ vi. uniàluk-;vi. uniqsuänit-.
odor, to lose ~ vi. tipaiq-.
odor, to notice bad ~ vi. aaqqaala-.
odorous, to be ~ vi. aaqqaaäu-;
vi. iáusruäniáiq-.
offal
n. sanikkut.
offend, to ~ vt. mamiagi-;
vt. quaqsaaqtit- (1).
offended, to be ~ vi. mamiat-.
offended, to cause s.o. to leave ~ vt. qivri-.
offendern. killuqsaktitchiruaq;
n. piñaiááutaatniktuaq.
offensen. akitñaun;n. avriaqqun;
n. navguiñ;
n. piñaiááutaq;
n. putukkisaun;n. sapuqutaq.
offensive, to be ~ vi. mamianaq-.
offer, an ~ on an item for sale n. nalligaq (1).
offer, to ~ to trade vt. nallit- (1).
offeringn. iáiraksraq;

offering toopen, to be ~n. iáiri.

offering to aäatkuq inviting his help for a sickperson n. tunisiksraq.
off-season, to be the ~ vi. piññiaànaiq-.
offspringn. aullaàvik (C);n. aatauraq (C).

oldest child n. aäayukâiq (1).
oldest, the ~ person in a group n.
utuqqauniqsraq.

n. kiñuviaq.

oldsquaw duck n. aaqhaalliq.
omit, to ~ vt. igáuaq- (C) (2);excl. yahii!

omitted, to be ~ (at sharing) vi. mittau-.
once
adv. atautchimi1.
once again adv. atautchimi-suli.
once, to do ~ vi. atausiaq- (C);

offspring (of birds or animals) n. piayaaq (1).
oftenadv. akulaiqãugu.
oh!
excl. ii.
oh boy!
excl. yai.
Oh no!
excl. iiii (C);Oh, what good is it? excl. suksraq.
oil (at duck tail) n. uqsruqtiàun (2).
oil, castor ~ n. uqsruääuaq.
oil drumn. taigruaq.
oil, engine ~n. uqsruàutaat (2).
oil, facial ~ n. uqsruqtiàun (1).
oil for cooking doughnuts n. uqsrukuaqsiun.
oil (from animal blubber) n. uqsrupiaq.
oil, gun ~ n. uqsruàun.
oil made from bearded seal n. ugriñàaaq.
oil, seal ~ (rendered from blubber) n. misiàaaq;n. uqsruq.

oil stain
n. uqsriññiq.
oil stained, to become ~ vi. uqsrit-1 (1).
oil, suntan ~ n. uqsruàun.
oil, to leave a trace of ~ after being shot (of water
mammal) vi. uqsrualaqi-.
oil, to rub ~ on vt. uqsruqtiq-.
oily, to be ~ (of water or liquid) vi. uqsruaq-.
ointment
n. nanuun;
n. uqsruqtiàun (1).
vi. miäuluk-;vt. uqsruqtiq-.
"Okay, let's do it." excl. kiata.
oldn. utuqqaq.

ointment, to apply ~old days, That's how it was in the ~ excl.
qaäaluqaa!
old itemn. pialuk;n. sualuk.
old mann. aäayuqak;
n. aäayuqaksraatchiaq;
n. aäayuqaksraq.
old people n. utuqqanaat.
old person n. utuqqanaaq.
old, to be ~ vi. utuqqau-.
old, to get ~ (of people) vi. ukiunik-.
old trail
n. tumitchiaàruaq.
old woman n. aanaluk (C).
older brother n. aapiyaq;
n. aniäa;
n. aäayu.
older sister n. aakatchiaq (C);vt. kiñuàauti-;
vt. mini-.

vi. atausriaq-.

one dollar n. tamaâhuq.
one farthest across n. uäalliq (1).
one farthest in a certain direction
one hundred n. kavluutit;

n. tuäiqâiq.

n. tallimakipiaq.

one (number) n. atausiq (C).
one of two n. aippaq (2).
one, the ~ next door n. siáalliq (2).
one (the number) n. atausriq.
one, to become ~ vi. atausiäuq- (C);vi. atausriäuq-;vi. aulaiáaäuq-.
n. aiñaq.

onion
Onion Portage along the Kobuk River n. paatitaaq(2).
vi. imaàiak-;vi. imaqhiak-;vi. kiñiq-;vi. maqi- (2);vi. quàliaq- (2);vi. quàliula- (1).
ooze, to ~ (of a sore) vi. siiàñiq-;vi. siiq- (1);vi. siiqsuq-.

ooze, to ~open one's eyes, to be unable to ~ vi. qaqiqsi-.
open points of rail at either end of a skin boat n.
kannaak (C).

open spot in the ice (spring) n. sikuiáàuq.
open, to ~ vi. aatchaq-;
vt. aämaq- (1).

open, to ~ a door vt. upkuiq-.
open, to ~ a flap vt. iqpiq-.
open, to ~ easily (of tent flaps) vi. ikiàaaq-;
vi. iqpiàaaq-.

open, to ~ one's eyes vi. uit- (1).
open, to ~ up at the horizon (of overcast sky) vi.
killigiksi-.

open, to ~ wide vt. taqpaq-.
open, to be ~ vi. iqpaq-;

vi. ukkuaäit- (1);vi. umäit-;364

open, to be able to ~ the eyes

outboard motor

vi. upkuit-.

open, to be able to ~ the eyes vi. uiri-.
open, to have ~ eyes vi. uisa- (1).
open, to have one's eyes ~ vi. uiñäa- (2).
open wound n. iki.
opener (can)n. aämaun (2).
opening in harness for dog's head n. nuiáak (2).
opening, item with an ~ n. killalik (2).
operating knife n. piáaktuun.
opinionated, to be ~ vi. siqquq- (2).
opponentn. akiááiáiqsuqti;
n. igáulliuqti.
n. akiááiàiik (1);n. akiááiàiiksuak.
oppose, to ~ vt. akikäaq- (1);vt. akiááiáiq-;vt. akiááiáiqsuuti-;
vt. akiuq-;
vt. igáulliq-.
oppose, to ~ each other vt. igáugiiksit- (2).
oppose, to ~ violently vt. parrakâak-.
opposing team n. igáut (2).
opposing, to be ~ vi. akitñautiruaq.
opposite, directly ~ — akiani, see: aki1.
opposite, located ~ the door pos.adv. kilumi.
opposite, location ~ the door n. kilu (1).
opposite side, to the ~ of — akianun, see: aki1.
opposite, the ~ n. igáu.
opposites n. akigiik;
n. akiááiàiik (2).
opposition n. akiááiãiq;n. akiááiuàun;n. akitñausrimaâiq;n. igáulliuàun.
oppress, to ~ vt. nagliksaaqtit-.
optimistic, to be ~ vi. atmisruk-.
or
conj. naagaqaa.
oral cavity n. qaniq.
orange, color of ~ n. kavialaaq.
orange, to be ~ in color vi. kaviaqtaaäu-.
order
n. pitquraq;
n. tilikkaun;
n. tilliñ.
order, to ~ vt. qanniq-.
orderly, to be ~ vi. qukinaq-.
organ
n. naqittaànaq.
orgasm, to cause someone to have an ~ vt.
quaqsaaqtit- (2).
orgasm, to have an ~ vi. quaqsaaq- (2).
originn. kaäi (1).
original state n. sivuaniq.
origins, to tell of ~ vi. kaääiuq-.
Orion (star constellation) n. sikãaq (2).

opponents

Orion's belt (three stars in Orion constellation)

tuviqqat.
orphann. aàramiu (C) (1);n. aäayuqaanàitchuaq (2);n. aäayuqaaäitchuaq (2);n. iáaiàraitchiaq;
n. iáaipak;
n. iñuaàruk (C) (2);n. tigutaaluk.
orphaned, to become ~ vi. iáaiq-.
orphanhood n. iáaipauâiq (1).
orthopedist n. saunniqiri (2).
ospreyvi. qaluksiiàayuk.
other room, located in the ~ dem.adv. amma.
ouch!
excl. anii!
out of sight, to be ~ vi. taliñäa-.
out of the water, to come ~ vi. qaki- (1).
out there, from ~ dem.adv. kiakäa;
dem.adv. kiaääa (C);dem.adv. qaakäa;
dem.adv. qaaääa (C).
out there, from ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
qakmakäa;
dem.adv. qaämaääa (C).
out there in the entryway dem.adv. sakma.
out there in the entryway (not visible) dem.adv.
saäma (C).
out there, located ~ dem.adv. qaani.
out there, located ~ (directly outside) dem.adv.
kiani.

out there, located ~ in the entryway (not visble)
dem.adv. sakmani;
dem.adv. saämani.

out there, located ~ somewhere (not visible)

dem.adv. qakmani;
dem.adv. qaämani.
out there: moving/extended dem.adv. qagga.
out there: not visible dem.adv. qakma;
dem.adv. qaäma (C).
out there: stationary/specific dem.adv. kigga.
out there, through ~ dem.adv. kiuna.
out there, through ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
qakmuuna;
dem.adv. qaämuuna.
out there, through the general area ~ dem.adv.
qauna.
out there, toward ~ dem.adv. kiuäa;
dem.adv. qakmuäa;
dem.adv. qauäa;
dem.adv. sakmuäa.
out there, toward ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
qaämuäa.
out to sea, to be carried ~ vi. tiktau-.
outboard motor n. igniqqutit (C).

365

n.

outcast
outcastn. iktaq (2);n. iáagisuànaiáaq.
outcast, to be an ~ vi. tukkuit-.
outcast, to become an ~ vi. tukkuiq-.
outcomen. kiñuviaäaq.
outdoors
n. siáa (2).
outdoors, to enjoy ~ vi. aliiqsiaq- (2).
outer intestinal membrane, the ~ n. qiaq (2).
outer part n. siáalliq (1).
outermost n. iigukâiq;n. isukâiq;n. isrukâiq.
outermost door of a house n. uäalliq (2).
outermost (thing) n. siáalliàuaq (1).
outgrow, to ~ vt. aglisi-.
outsiden. qalliq;
pos.base. siáati.
outside, from ~ — siáataaniñ, see: siáati.
outside, located ~ — siáataani, see: siáati;dem.adv. qagga.
outside the area dem.adv. qakma;
dem.adv. qaäma (C).
outside, through ~ dem.adv. kiuna;dem.adv. qauna.
outside, to ~ — siáataanun, see: siáati.
outside, to be ~ vi. aniiq-.
outside, to go ~ vi. itchuq-1.
outside, to go ~ to urinate
vi. itchuqtaaq-.
outspoken, to be ~ vi. kipinäusuk- (1);vi. qannaàik- (2).
outwardpos.adv. anitmun.
outward, to move ~ vi. anitmuk-.
outwards
pos.adv. siáatmun.
oval balln. sakpayaqtaq.
oval, to be ~ vi. takiäaaq-.
ovariesn. tuqâuuraq.
ovenn. argiàvik;n. punnilivik (1);n. qaqqivik (1).
over the limit, to go ~ vt. sipiq-.
over there, from ~ dem.adv. amakäa;
dem.adv. amaääa (C);dem.adv. avakäa;
dem.adv. avaääa (C);dem.adv. iñakäa.
over there, located ~ dem.adv. amani;
dem.adv. avani.
over there, located ~ (near) dem.adv. iñani.
over there: moving/extended dem.adv. avva.
over there: not visible dem.adv. amma.
over there: stationary/specific dem.adv. iñña.
over there, through ~ dem.adv. amuuna;
dem.adv. avuuna;
dem.adv. iñuuna.

oversleep, to ~over there, toward ~dem.adv. amuäa;
dem.adv. avuäa;
dem.adv. iñuäa.
overbearing, to be ~ vi. atmik-;vi. qasiáiñaq-;vi. qasriáiñaq- (1).
overcast, to become ~ vi. nuviyaliq-.
overcoatn. qaapquaq.
overcome, to ~ vi. akpak- (C) (2);vi. pitluk- (1);vt. payari- (1).
overdo, to ~ vi. qaaäaiãausrima-;
vt. pivaaââak- (1);vt. qaaäaiãauti-;
vt. qaaäiuti- (2);vt. suvaâuk-.
overeat, to ~vi. kanniàiaq-.
over-excited, to be ~ vi. uivriqi- (2).
overexpose, to ~ vt. uutiqtit-.
overflown. immaktinniq (C) (1);n. qaaminniq (1);n. siiqsinniq (1).
overflow, to ~ vi. siáivla-;
vi. ukpitaala- (1);vi. ulivla-;
vi. usiàaq-;vi. usriàaula-.
overflow, to ~ (of water through ice) vi. qaaptit-;
vi. siiqsit-.
overhanging snowdrift (ready to fall) n. mapsa.
overindulge, to ~ vt. siiàáit-2.

overlap: two things lying one on top of each othern. qalliàiik.

overlapped flat objects n. tapiqtaaàiik.
overloaded boat, to get into an ~ vi. usriqsuq-.
overloaded, to be ~ (of a vehicle) vi.
uqumaiáiraq- (1).

overlook, to ~ vt. ivaàlua-;

vt. ivvaàlua-;
vt. suliqutiginàit-;vt. tautuiñaq-;vt. uniuq- (2).
overnight, to ~ vi. unnui- (1).
overnight, to stay ~ vi. siñiktaq-.
overreact, to ~ vi. uggisigi-;
vi. ui- (1).
oversensitive, to be ~ vi. suqpasuk-;vi. sutqusait-.
overshadow, to ~ vt. qulaäiuti-.
overshoot, to ~ vt. qaràut-;vt. qulaut-.
oversize, to ~ vt. aäinaaq-.
oversized, to be ~ vi. aäigi-.
oversleep, to ~ vi. siñikpak-.

366

overtake, to ~palatal consonant

overtake, to ~ vt. avatqut-.
overtime, to work ~ vi. kaimiktit- (C) (1);vt. akiqsruutaq-;
vt. niààiuqsruuma-.
owl, hawk ~ n. niaquqtuaàruk.
owl, horned ~ n. nukisuàaq.
owl, short eared ~ n. nipaiãuktaq.
owl, snowy ~ n. ukpik.
owl trap
n. iäutaq (1).
owl trap, pole for placing an ~ n. iäutaq (2).
own, to ~ vi. iämak-;vt. pigi-2.
oxen
n. qimukti.

vi. kaipiktit- (1);vi. samiiq-.
overturn, to ~ completely vi. kitñu-;
vi. paâuq-.
overturn, to ~ (of sled) vi. usiiq-.

overwhelmed, to be ~ by choices vi. tapa-.
overwhelmed, to feel ~ vi. sapiài-.
overwhelming, to be ~ vi. naäinnaq-.
owe, to ~vt. akiiáaq- (C);vt. akiqsruuma-;
vt. akiqsruummi-;

P - ppace, to ~ (floor) vi. sanipkaaq- (1).
pacified , to be ~ vi. katchuq-.
pacify, to ~ vt. qiñuisaaq-2.
pack animal: reindeer or dogs n. natmakti.
pack, to ~ away a tent vt. tupqiyaq- (1).
pack, to ~ tightly vt. kiviq-.
padn. anniutkutaq (1);vi. kiiqsiuq-;
vi. sakniuq-;
vi. saäniuq- (2).
pain, to cry out in ~ vi. ariiq-.
pain, to feel ~ vi. urgiasruk-1 (1).
pain, to feel ~ in the eye vi. kigraaligaq-.
pain, to feel stinging ~ vi. kigiqsuula-.

pain, to have a sharp ~ across the shoulders andthe upper back vi. pikunäu-.
pain, to have acute ~ vi. anniáuk-;n. atniyaitkutaq (1);n. iàmaliñ;
n. ikivàaq;
n. qarraaq.
paddlen. aäuun (1).
paddle boat n. qayaq.
paddle for qayaq n. paaàutik;
n. paaäuutik.
paddle, to ~ vi. aäuaq-.
paddle, to ~ a qayaq vi. paaàurraq-;vi. paaàuutitaq-;
vi. paaäuutitaq-;
vi. paäak-.
padlockn. kiluusraq.
pagen. makpiàaaq.
pailn. qattaq.
pain
excl. annaa;
excl. annii;
excl. araummaa! (C);excl. arii!;
n. atniutaq;
n. kiiqsiuàun;n. naäinnaq (1).
pain (chronic) n. anniuttaq;
n. atniuttaq.
pain: flare-up n. atniàñaq.
pain, side ~ n. kakivruutaq.
pain, to be in ~ vi. anniutchiq-;
vi. atniutchiq-;
vi. kakivruutchiq-;

vi. annivaktaq-;
vi. atniáuk-;vi. atnivaktaq-.
pain, to increase in ~ vi. atniutchiqsiq-;
vi. iáalàusiq- (C).
paintn. miñulàun.
paint, to ~ vt. miñuliq-.
paintbrush n. miñulàutit.
pair
n. aippaàiik (2);n. igáugiik (1).
pair, mismatched ~ n. nuliaàiik (2).

pair of boots (soles of caribou fur inside) n.
tuttuligaak.

pair of boots with ugruk soles (either short orlong) n. ugruligaak.
pair of same items n. atirauk.
pair of sled runners n. sikkuk.
pair, one of a ~ n. igáupiaq.
pair, to ~vt. igáugiiksit- (1).
paired fins on a fish n. aäuun (2).
pairs of diphthongs, in Iñupiat grammar n.
tugliàiich.

pairs, to do things in ~ vi. malàuutaq-.
pajamas, pair of ~ n. siñgutnaq;
n. siñäutnaak.

palatable, to be ~ vi. kayumik- (2).
palatal consonant n. qiáagakuaqtuaq.

367

palate of mouth
palate of mouth n. qiáak (3).
pale, to be ~ vi. asiäuäa- (2);vi. asriäuäa- (2);vi. misuit-;
vi. misruit-.
pale, to become ~ vi. misuiq-.
palletn. siñigvik.
pallid horned lark n. nagrulik.
palm of hand n. aàvak (1);n. utummak.
palm skin of walrus flipper n. atammak (C).
palpate, to ~ vi. saptaq- (2);vt. savit-.
pamper, to ~ someone vt. pamat-;vt. pamatchi-.
pan, baking ~ n. qaiàuq1.
pancaken. siáaavyak (C).
pancreas
n. mapsa (2).
panic, to ~ vi. ui- (1).
panic-stricken, to be ~ vi. niàuvruk- (1).
pant, to ~ vi. aatchaqtit-;vi. aniànitchiaq-;
vi. aniqsaluk-.
pants
n. kamikâuuk.
pants, knee ~ (fur) n. qaàliik (1).
paper
n. kaliikaq.
paper bag n. puuksraq (3).
paper pad n. aglagviksraq.
parablen. arrikusaun (C);n. atrikusaun;
n. urrakusraun.
parallel, to be ~ vi. saniàaqâiu-;vi. tappiq-.
paralyticn. iáiqsratlaiáaq;
n. sayairrutilik.
paralyzed, to be ~ vi. aulatlaiq-.
paralyzed, to be ~ by fear vi. iàivruàaq-;vi. niàuvruàaq-.
parasitic plant n. tulukkam nauligaaäa.
parched meat n. qaalu;
n. qaaluku.
parched, to be ~ vi. pannakâuk-1.
parents
n. aäayuqaak.
parents related through married children n.
qitunàaqatigiich.
parka
n. amaaàun.
parka belt n. tavsi (1).
parka cover n. atigi;
n. atikâuk;n. qaliàuaq (1).
parka, cover ~ (made of calico) n. siquupiq.
parka, fur ~ n. qusruääaaàruk;n. qusruääaq.
parka, large ~ (for carrying baby) n. amautnaq.

pass, to ~ in front
parka, large hooded ~ n. nasraqpalik.
parka (made of skins of a newborn calf)nuààayuat.
parka, man's fancy ~ n. kayuaàutilik.
parka ruff n. isiàvik;n. siñi (2).
parka, tailed ~ n. pamiulik (3).
parka, to make a ~ cover vt. atikâi-.
parka with fancy trim n. qupaligaaq.

parka with tusk-shaped design on yoken.

n.
atituàutilik (C).
parka, woman's dress ~ n. ipnalik.
parka, woman's fancy ~ n. atqaàutilik.
parsimonious, to be ~ vi. miàvisuk-.
part
n. iáa2;
n. sulliñiq.
part of something n. iáaviñiq.
part, the best ~ n. piviksaq.
part, to ~ one's hair vi. qupiq- (2).
part, to be ~ of a group vi. iáau-;vi. itqatau-.
partiality
n. piqpaksritulaaàiiãiq.
participation n. iáaliutiniaâiksraq.
particlen. uluqqaq.
partnern. iáa1 (2);n. iáaaluq;
n. iáannaq (2);n. tuvaaq (1);n. tuvaaqqan (1).
partner, hunting ~ n. aäuniaqqan.
partner, to be a ~ vi. paatnaq-.
partner, to choose a ~ vi. iáauraksraq-;
vt. iáaaluksraq-;
vt. iááiqsuq- (C) (1).
partner, to get a ~ vt. iáaqatnik-.
partner, to lose a ~ vi. iáaqataiq-.
partners (two male friends) n. paatnaak.
partway, to accompany someone ~ vi. qani-;vi. qaniáaaq- (2).
pass, mountain ~ n. aaàirrak (2);n. itivliq.
pass, mountains ~ n. itivyaaq.
pass, to ~ vi. apqusaaq-;
vi. apqusraaq-.
pass, to ~ between vi. akunnaq-;
vi. akunniraq-.
pass, to ~ byvi. aniàuq- (C);vt. qaaäiq- (1).
pass, to ~ by on the inland side vi. kilutqut- (1).
pass, to ~ closely n. agiuqsaaq-;
vi. qanikuaq-.
pass, to ~ each other vi. paaqsaaàuti-.
pass, to ~ gradually vi. pula- (2).
pass, to ~ in front vi. saràut-.

368

pass, to ~ one's job to anotherpeople, group of ~ heading inland

pass, to ~ one's job to another vt. imit- (2).
pass, to ~ outside a house vi. siáatqut-.
pass, to ~ over something vt. tiämiáiq-.
pass, to ~ overhead vi. qulaut- (1).
pass, to ~ through danger vi. pitluk- (2).
pass, to ~ through mountains
vt. itivyaaq-.
pass, to ~ through without a stop vi.

paw underside n. alannak (C).
pay, to ~vt. aki- (1);apqusraiññaq-.

passenger, to be ~ vi. usriaqsiq-.
passionn. kipiàniuàun;n. pisugruaàun (2);n. pisuänaun (2).
passionate, to be ~ vi. kipiàniuq-1.

Passover feast (to remember the angel's passingover) n. itqakkutim isaàulgum
apqusaakkauâhagun.

Passover feast (to remember the rescuing of theIsraelites) n. itqauttutim
annautrauâhatigun Israel-lat.

past, distant ~ adv. aippaavak.
past, from the ~ dem.adv. imakäa.
past, in the ~ dem.adv. imani;
dem.adv. imma.

past, through the ~ dem.adv. imuuna.
past, toward the ~ dem.adv. imuäa.
pastimen. aliitkun.
pastorn. agaayuliqsi;
patch

n. uqaqti.
n. anäik;n. iáaaàun;n. iáaaq.

patch boots, woman's ~ with trimn.
iáaaqtuutilgich.
patch, to ~ vt. iáaaq-.
patch, to ~ (a boat) vt. upsiqsruq-;
vt. uvsiqsruq-.
patch, to ~ a sole vt. anäik-.
patching tool n. iáaaqtuun.
patellan. sitquaq.
path
n. apqun;n. tumiksraq.
path, cut through brush n. kiksraq.
path, to cut a ~ vi. kiksri-.
patience
n. manimmiágun.
patient being operated on n. piáaktaq.
patient, to be ~ vi. anuqsru-.
patient, to become ~ vi. anuqsrusi-.
patternn. iáiktiàun.
pattern, to cut a ~ vt. iáiktiq-.
pattern to follow n. tuvraaksraq (1).
patternless, to be ~ vi. aglaiáaaq- (2);vi. aglait- (2).
pauperize, to ~ vt. mialuksaq-.
paw, to ~vt. argak- (C).

vt. attausiq- (C);vt. attausriq-.
pay, to ~ rent vt. atuusriq-.
pay, to ~ wages vt. akilit-.
payment
n. akiáiun;n. attausiun.
peace
n. aäuyautairrun;n. qiñuiññaq;n. tutqiun.
peace agreement n. qiñuiàutriãiq.
peace, to be at ~ vi. qiñuit-.
peace, to find ~ of mind vi. tutqiksi- (2).
peaceful, to be ~ vi. iñuksruit- (1);vi. qiñuirruti-;
vi. qiñuisaaànaq-;
vi. qiñuisaaq-1;
vi. tutqik- (1).
peaceful, to become ~ vi. qiñuiññanik-.
peak of hood (on woman's parka) n. kavrauraq(1).
peak, to be at one's ~ vi. mapkuummi- (2).
pectoral sandpiper n. aiviqiak (C).
peculiar, to be ~ vi. maluknaq-.
pee hole (in snow) n. quqtaàniq.
peek, to ~ vt. itchuaq-.
peek, to ~ (of sun) vi. siqiññaraaàuraq-.
peeling
n. amiq (2).
peep, to ~ furtively
vt. itchuaq-.
peepholen. itchuaäavik.
peer
n. ilun.
peg (for stretching a skin) n. pauktuun.

peg, wooden ~ for holding blubber above oil lampn. ayaksriqpik.

pelvisn. kuutchiq.
penn. aglaun.
penaltyn. annitchiq.
penchant, to have a ~ for vi. uiàit-.
penciln. aglaun.
penetrate, to ~ vi. nuviraq-;vi. puturi-;
vt. paaqtuq- (1).
penetrate, to ~ a subject vt. puttuqsri-.
penetrate, to ~ a willow thicket vi. malaraq-.
penetrate, to ~ (of a needle, a bullet, etc) vt.
taplik-.
peninsula n. qikiqtaàruk.
penis
n. quààivik;
n. usruk.
penurious, to be ~ vi. miàvisuk-.
people, all ~ n. iñupayaat.
people, group of ~ heading inland n. taalàaat.

369

people related by children's marriage
people related by children's marriage n.
nulliàiich.
people, young ~ n. nutaat;n. nutaqqat.
peppern. papa (1).

pepper, to sprinkle with ~peppy, to be ~ vi. pigla-;

vt. papaâiq-.

vi. piglaàik-.
vt. kisuiq-;
vt. puttuqsri-.
perceive, to ~ s.t. strange vt. iññiqi-2.
perceive, to ~ the scent of soil vt. nunasruäniq-.
perch, to ~ (of ptarmigan) vi. aqupsaaq-.
perfect, to make ~ vt. naluanäasipkaq-.
perform, to ~ vi. saavit- (C) (1).
perform, to ~ ineffectively vi. suunàiq-.
perform, to ~ magic on vt. aäatkuaq-.
perform, to feel unable to ~ vi. sakiài-.
perfumen. tipigiksaun;
n. tipraàiksaun.
perilous, to be ~ vi. munaqnaq- (1).
perish, to ~ vi. piyaquaqsi-;
vi. piyaquq-1.
permafrost n. qitñuq.
permafrost area n. puktaaq (3);n. puptaaq (3).
permissive, to be ~ vi. iáatchiuäa- (C).
perpetual, to be ~ vi. kaipqaq-.
perplex, to ~ vt. atlayuaài- (1).
perplexed, to be ~ vi. suquasiksrait-.
persecute, to ~ vt. nagliksaaqtit-.
persecution n. piyuaqqun.
persevere, to ~ vi. pisaài-;vi. pisaq-;
vi. qapiäait- (1);vi. sakkaqtu-.
persist, to ~ vi. kipiqsruq-1.
persistent, to be ~ vi. kaipqaq-;
vi. nikait-.
personn. iñuk.
person, bad ~ n. iñukâuk.
person, big/tall ~ n. iñugraitchiaq;
n. iñukpak (1).
person, mindless ~ n. isumaiáaq (C);n. isrumaiáaq.
person putting up stakes as trail markers n.
nappaqutchiqiri.
person, real ~ n. iñupiaàataq.
person, ugly ~ n. iñupaâuk.
person, white ~ n. naluaàmiu.
person, young ~ n. nutaaq (1);n. nutaàaq (2).
personality n. irrusiq (C);n. irrusriq.

perceive, to ~pierce, to ~ something dense
person/item next to oneself n. saniàaqâiq.
persuade, to ~ vt. ayuàaksaq-;
vt. iáamat-;vt. kayuäiaq-;
vt. uqayut-.
persuaded, to be ~ vi. maliksuktitau-.
perturbed, to become ~ vi. kapyatchak-;
vi. kavyatchak-.
peruse, to ~ vt. makpiàaaq-.
pester, to ~ vt. agak-2 (2);vt. pisaayugaq- (2);vt. piyuaq- (2);vt. uumisaaqâiq- (2).
petn. iàñiksraaq;
n. piayaaq (2).
pet animal n. pamiqsaaq.
pet, to ~vt. kunipiq-;
vt. patalài-;
vt. savitauraq-.
phalanges n. iñugat.
phalarope, northern ~ n. qayyiiàun.
phalarope, red ~ n. auksruaq (C).
phonograph n. atuqtuuraq.
photograph n. qiñiàaaq.
piano
n. naqittaànaq.
pick
n. ivruqsiñ;
n. nunniqqun (1);n. piksrun.
pick, to ~ berries vi. aullaqsruq-.
pick, to ~ berries quickly vt. upni-2.
pick, to ~ one's teeth vt. kukkiái-;
vt. kupki-2.
pick, to ~ out vt. piksraq- (1).
pick, to ~ upvt. tigu- (1);
vt. tigusi-.

pick, to ~ up a ball (playing against the rules insoccer) vt. tigguàluk- (1);
vt. tigguqâuk- (1).

pick up, to ~ by bending over vi. pukuk- (2).
pickaxe
n. sikãaq (1).
pickaxe, to work with a ~ vi. sikãaq-.
pick-up sticks n. katagaat.
picturen. agliutraq;
n. qiñiàaaq.

picture bookn. qiñiqtuaq (1).
piece, chipped or cracked ~ n. uliaàniq.
piece of something n. iáaviñiq.
piece, stuck between teeth n. kupki.
pieces, big ~ n. aulaimàut.
pierce, to ~ vi. puturi-;vt. kaki-;
vt. kapi-;
vt. kapluq- (1).

pierce, to ~ something dense vi. nuviraq-.

370

pierced, to be ~ by a harpoon
pierced, to be ~ by a harpoon
piercing tool n. puttun.
pig
n. kunniaq;

play, to ~ ballvi. nauligaq-.

n. tuttuqâuk (1).
vi. quuäa-;
vi. quupatchuäa-.
pile
n. katiqsrat.
pile, large ~ of fresh fish n. piqutaq.
pile, to ~ heavy objects vt. ikniàusriqsuq-.
piled, to be ~ up (of fish) vi. piqutaq-.
pill
n. mairisit.
pillarn. ayagutaq;
n. ayak (1);n. nayummiri;n. nayummiuttaq.
pillow
n. akiñ;
n. iàmaliñ.
pilot
n. aqutti (1).
pilot bread n. qaqquliktaq.
pilot bread, case of ~ n. qaqquliktaun.
pilot, to ~ a boat vt. aqut- (1).
pimplen. iligrak (2);n. piäuksrak (2);n. piäuyaq (1).
pimple, to develop a ~vi. piäu-1.
pin, straight ~ n. kakigauraq.
pin, to ~ down vt. paa-1;
vt. siimik-.
pincers
n. putyuutik;
n. puyyuutik.
pinch, to ~ vt. nunuq-;
vt. putyuk-.
pinch, to ~ with one's fingernails vt. kukigmik-;
vt. kukiämik-.
pinchers
n. putyuutik;
n. puyyuutik.
pinching tool n. putyuun.
pincushion n. kakkitvik.
pine grosbeak n. qayuutaaq.
pink, the color ~ n. ittukpalik (2).
pinkien. iqitquq;
n. iqitquuraq.
pinned, to become ~ by weight vi. naniqtit-.
pinwormn. quaqta.
pinworms, to have ~ vi. quaqta-.
pipe
n. siutnaq.
pistoln. igáupiaàaun.
pit
n. saunaaq (3).
pitchn. anäun (C) (1);n. kutchuq (1);n. quàliaq.
pitch (in music)
n. akpirrun (2).
pitch, to ~ baseball vi. miáuuq-.
pitch, to ~ camp vi. nullaq-.

pigeon-toed, to be ~371

pitch, to ~ (of a boat) vi. iäiuliuq-.
pitfalln. qargisaq (1).
pitiable, to be ~ vi. nagliänaq-.
pity
n. naglikkun;

n. nagliktaq;
n. nagliktuun.
pity, to ~vt. nagligi-;
vt. nagliksraq-.
place
n. ini;n. pivik.
place, big ~ n. iniqpak (C) (2).
place for something n. piviksraq.
place, inhabited ~ n. iñulik.
place of honor n. kamagiviksrauâiq.
place smelling of burning wood n.
puyuaqtitaaàvik.

place, the ~ where melting snow drips n.

kusrugaqtuàvik (2).
vt. iái-2;
vt. iáiri-;
vt. iááiuqai-;
vt. iááiuqaq-.
place, to ~ siding on a house vi. piqtaliq-.
place to fish n. qaluäniaàvik (2).
place to nurse a baby n. nagguvik (2).
place, to offer a ~ to stay vt. illiqsuq- (C).
place, usual ~ of n. irvia.
placed, to be ~ for public use vi. sanivaq-.
placenta
n. alàaaq.
places, to have lots of ~ vi. inaukkaq-.
plain, to be ~ vi. sukuit-.
plait
n. piáàaaq.
plan
n. sivunniuàun.
plan, to ~ vi. sivunniuq-.
plane (carpenter's tool) n. qaiqsaun.
plane (for wood) n. ichuun (1);
n. ikuun (C) (2).
plant
n. nauriaq;
n. nautchiaq.
plant heart (like rhubarb) n. saunaaq (3).
plant seeds vt. nautchirriqsuq-.
plate
n. puggutaq.
plate, small ~ n. puggutauraq.
plateaun. qiäaaq (2).
platform, open ~ on poles n. ikiààat;n. qakutit;
n. uäaluurat.
platter, wooden ~ n. alluiyaq.
play, to ~ vi. piuraaq- (1).
play, to ~ a game of darts vi. napaatchak-.
play, to ~ a game of jackstones vi. katagaaq-.
play, to ~ a game of "pull" vi. aqsaaq-.
play, to ~ around vi. qitiktuaq-.
play, to ~ ball vi. aqsraaq-.

place, to ~

play, to ~ ball tag
play, to ~ ball tag vi. quäuuàaq-.
play, to ~ excitedly vi. aààiunaq- (1).
play, to ~ football vi. aqsrautraq-.
play, to ~ games vi. qitik-;vt. piuraaài-.
play, to ~ in water vi. puuvraaq-.
play, to ~ maliciously vt. qitkutiksri- (1).
play, to ~ maq vi. maàauraq-.
play, to ~ (of dogs) vi. una-.
play, to ~ outdoors vi. aniiqsuaq- (1).
play, to ~ the harmonica vi. qaniàmigaq-.
play, to ~ with toys vi. inattuaq-.
playing card n. piannaq.
playing, to stop ~ (of whales) vi. ina- (C).
plead, to ~ vi. uqapsaaq- (1);
vt. tuksiaq-.
pleasant, to be ~ vi. iqsiñait-;vi. irrusiàik- (C);vi. irrusriàik-.
please, to ~ vi. quyali-;vi. quyalitnik-;vt. isummaaq- (C)2.

please, to make every effort to ~ one's selfish
desires vi. uiviit-.
pleased, to be ~ vi. iâua-.
pleasing, to be ~ vi. iâuaànaq-;
vi. iâuaqnaq-;
vi. quyalisau-.

pleasing, to be ~ (of food) vi. kayumik- (2).
pleasing, to have a ~ appearance vi. takuàaniq-.
pleasing, to look ~ vi. iññaàik- (C);vi. qiññaàik-.
n. quviagiâiq.
vt. qugluäniq-;
vt. uäiq- (1).
Pleiadesn. siqupsiqqat.
plentiful, to be ~ vi. apaiq-.
plentyadv. atqunaq.
pliable, to be ~ vi. qitut-.
pliable, to become ~ vi. saakâi- (2).
pliersn. kiggisik;n. kiämautik.
plover, golden ~ n. tullik.
plover, semipalmated n. qurraquraq (1).
plow
n. nunniqqun (1).
pluck, to ~ vt. nusruk-2;
vt. nutchuk-.
pluck, to ~ feathers vt. iàisaq- (C) (2);vt. iàitchaq- (2).
plucked birdn. iàitchaaq.
plug
n. milik.
plug for sealskin poke n. kigiñaqqiñ.
plug, to ~ vt. kaiváuq- (1);
vt. milik-.

pleasure
pleat, to ~portage, to ~pluraln. iñugaigmata.
pocketn. aiñiq.
pocket knife n. piñäuqtaq;
n. pitäuqtaq.

point
n. nuvuk.
point, to ~ a finger at when scolding

vt.
tikkuari-.
point, to ~ out vt. tikkuaàuti-.
point, to ~ straight ahead vi. sivukkiq-.
point, to go from ~ to point vi. ikkarraqtu- (C)(2).
poisonn. tuqunaq.
poisonous, to be ~ vi. tuqunalik-.
poke, old sealskin ~ n. puuàruaq.
poke, to ~ vt. tugaq- (1).
poked, to be ~. vi. tuuqtit- (2).
poking stick n. tuggaun.
Polarisn. uvluàiasugruk.
pole
n. nappaàiaq (1);n. nappaqtaq2;
n. nappaqutaq (1).
pole, bridging ~ n. ikkaktaun.
pole for pushing a boat into the water n.
ayaktuun.
pole (for reaching s.t.) n. isautaq (C) (1);n. israutaq (1).
pole for setting a net with a hook n. iáaqtuun (2).
pole for testing ice n. unaaqpauraq.
pole, upright ~ n. nappaqsraq (1).
policeman n. aikãiqsukti;n. tiguri.
polish, to ~ vt. qivliqsaq-.
pond
n. imaàniq;n. tasiàaq.
ponder, to ~ vi. itqauma-;
vt. isumalaaq- (C);vt. isrumalaaq-.
poor person n. iáaiàruk;n. iáaipak.
poor soil, to be ~ vi. nunagiit- (2).
"Poor thing"excl. annaatuk.
poor, this ~ (person) encl. -niaq.
popcornn. piksiänaq.
porcupine n. iáuqutaq;
n. qiñaàluk.
porcupine quill n. pana (1).
poren. suplu (1).
portagen. itivliq;
n. itivyaaq;
n. timauksraq.
portage, to ~ vi. pituàaq-;vi. timaut-;
vt. itivit-;
vt. itivliq-;372

portage, to ~ one's

prepare, to ~ supplies
powerful person n. sapiànaqtaaq.
powerful, to be ~ vi. sapiànaq- (2).
powerless, to be ~ vi. sayait-.
practice, to ~ vi. atuyusraq-;

vt. itivyaaq-.

portage, to ~ one's qayaq vt. maqik-.
portend, to ~ vi. nausraaàluksi-.
portionn. piksraaq.
portion, little ~ n. naamauraq.
portion to read n. taiguaq.
possess, to ~ vi. iämak-.
possession n. piun.
possessions n. suaàruich (1);n. suàautat (2);n. suàusrit (2).
possessions, to lack ~ vi. suiq-.
possessive, to be ~ vi. iàáik-;vi. siqña- (1);vt. iàáigi-.

possible, for death (of a person) to be ~ at any time
vi. qakuguaglaaànaq-.

possible, to be ~ vi. sapiànait-.
post
n. ayagutaq;

n. ayak (1);n. nappaàiaq (1).
post for support
n. ayapiàvik.
post, house with center ~ n. ayalik.
post to tie something to n. qilluvik.
post, unused ~ n. ayaksraq (2).
post-base (affix) n. akuniàun (1).
pot belly, to have a ~ vi. naaqtu-.
potaton. asiaàruaq (2);n. asriaàruaq (2);n. utqiq.
potholder n. tiggun.
potteryn. qiku akutlugu.

pouch, small ~ (in the nape area of a parka) n.
kikmiñauraq.

pouch, tobacco ~ n. iraqsraun.
poultice, warm ~ n. uunaqtaaàaun (2).
pound, to ~ vt. kauk-.
pour, to ~ vi. kuvi-;
vt. kuviàaq-.
vi. annut- (C);vi. qivit-;
vi. sigguk- (1);vi. siyyuk-.
povertyn. iáaipauâiq (2).
powdern. kanuqqaich.
power
n. aäalarrun (2);n. aäalatchiãiq;n. aäalatchisi;
n. saääi;n. saääik;n. sapiànaun;
n. sayak (1);n. suaääan.
Powerful One n. saääiruaq.

pout, to ~373

vt. iáisaaq-;
vt. iáisaq- (2).
praisen. nanàaiãiq;n. nanàaun;n. quyyan.
praise, to ~ vt. nanàaq-.
praiseworthy, to be ~ vi. pigik-;vi. piááautaq- (1);vi. pipikkaq-.
pray, to ~ vi. agaayu-;
vi. aäaayu-;
vt. iäiqsruq-.
pray, to ~ for someone vt. iäiqsruuti-.
pray, to have gone to ~ vi. aäaayyiaqtuq-.
prayern. agaayuâiq;n. aäaayuâiq;n. iäiqsruâiq.
prayer, place for ~ n. iäiqsruqtaàvik.
preach, to ~ vt. quliaqtuaài-;
vt. quliaqtuaq-.
preachern. quliaqtuaqti.
pre-arranged time n. nalunaiqsaq (1).
precede, to ~ vi. sivuäiq- (2).
precious metal n. manik.
precious, to be ~ vi. igliänaq-;
vi. piqpak-.
predict, to ~ vi. sivuniksriqiri-;
vt. nalaut- (2);vt. nalautchaq-;
vt. sivuniqsi-.
predominate, to ~ vi. qaaäiummati-1.
pregnant animal n. iáummiáik (C);n. iváaulik.
pregnant, to be ~ vi. iññi-;vi. narri-;vi. siäai-;vi. siäaiyau-.
pregnant, to become ~ vi. narrak-.
pregnant, to make ~ vt. iáummiutchiq- (2).
prejudiced, to be ~ vi. sivunniàaq- (2).
premonition, to have a ~ vi. nargiasruk-;vi. nausraaàluksaaàaq-;vi. sivuuàa-.
prepare, to ~ vt. itqanaiyaq-;
vt. paqna-.
prepare, to ~ a meal vi. niqâiuq-;
vt. niqniakkiq-.
prepare, to ~ for skin sewing vt. tivli- (2).
prepare, to ~ supplies vt. paluäaiyaq-;
vt. puukatchi- (2);prepared item
vt. upaluäaiyaq-.

prepared item n. upaluäaiáaaq.
presencen. iâiq (2);n. nayuqti.

presence, in the ~ of adv. takkuani.
present time, at this ~ adv. itnami.
present, to ~ vt. mani-.
present, to ~ before vt. sivuàaäiuti-, see: sivuq.
present, to be ~ with vi. nayuq-.
presently
adv. akkupak;
adv. akkuvak.
preserve, to ~ vt. paniqsiq-;
vt. tutquq-.
president
n. ataniq1 (3).

press forward, to ~ (in child birth) vi. siäuk- (2).
press, to ~ vt. tatviksraiq-.
press, to ~ clothes vt. qaiqsaq-.
press, to ~ down vi. sitquàmik-;
vt. naqitaq- (2).

press, to ~ up vt. maqimik-.
pressure mound n. pikuäniq.
pressure ridge n. aayuàaq (1);n. ivuniq (1).

pressure ridge, to form a ~ vi. ivu-.
pressure ridges, to make the sound of forming ~vi. ivuaqpaluk-.

pretend, to ~ vi. piääuaq-.
pretend, to ~ to believe vi. ukpiääuaqtuq-.
pretty hair, to have ~ vi. nuyaàik-.
pretty, to be ~ n. piññaqnaq-;
vi. qiñiyunaq-.

prevailing wind, land open to the ~ n. arguàaq(C).
vt. nunut-;
vt. piraiái-.
price
n. aki2 (2).
price, established ~ n. nalligaq (2).
price, expected ~ n. akiksraq.
price, regular ~ n. akikaaq (C).
price, to ~ an item vt. nallit- (2).
price, to pay the ~ vt. akiáiq-.
priced item n. akiksralik.
priceless, to be ~ vi. anniàñaq- (2);vi. atniàñaq- (2).
prick (e.g. thorn) n. kaki.
prick, to ~ vt. kaki-;
vt. kapi-;
vt. kapluq- (1).
pricked, to become ~ vt. sukkit-.
pride
n. kamanaàniaâiq;n. niaquqtugiâiq;
n. qutchigiâiq.
pride, to ~ oneself vt. piàuq-2.
priestn. tuniáausiqiri.

prevent, to ~promisepriest, chief ~ (temple) n. agaayuliqsit qaukâiat.
prime hide n. amiàiksi.
prime, to be in one's ~ vi. qatqit- (1).
primern. igniàun (C);n. ikniàun;n. sikuq (3).

primer stove (for white gas) n. ittugluuraq (2);n. siuàruk.

primp, to ~ vt. piviksaq-;

vt. piviksuq-.
n. isiqsivik;
n. isiqtauvik;
n. tigutaaàvik (1).
prisonern. isiqtaq;
n. tigutaaqtaq.
probablyencl. -ami-tara (1);encl. -qanu.
problem-solver n. qanuusriksraitáaitchuaq.
proboscis of insects n. iguun (2);n. kappuun;
n. puuqtuun.
proceeds
n. akuqtuaq.
procrastinate, to ~ vt. aannagutaaq- (C);vt. aatnagutaaq-;
vt. aqagutaaq- (C);vt. ayuqi- (C);vt. maatnagutaaq-;
vt. tikiutchiq-2;
vt. uvlaakutaaq-.

prisonprocure fish, to ~ (from storage or from neighbor)vt. qaluksriaq-.

procure food, to ~ vt. piññiaq-.
prod
n. tuggaun.
prod, to ~ vt. tugaq- (1).
prodigaln. uiviiáaq.
producern. iñiqsiri (2).
product, finished ~ n. iñiqtaq.
productive, to be ~ vi. sanatu-.
profane, to ~ vi. suviaq-;

vt. qaayuànaqsiáiuq-.

proficiency n. savayuâiq.
profit, to ~ vi. ikayuusriaqaàviqaq-.
profound, to be ~ vi. kalipsik-.
prognosticate, to ~ vi. nausraaàluksi-.
progress, to ~ vi. ayuuq-;
vi. igliq-.

prohibited, to be ~ (of smoking) vi. sikaaànait-.
prohibition n. iñiqtiàutauruaq.
project, to ~ vi. nuima- (1);vi. qatchik-.

projectile n. qaàruq.
prominent, to be ~ vi. qatchik-.
promiscuous, to be ~ vi. sayuäa- (2).
promisen. akiqsruun (2).

374

promise, to ~pull, to ~ outpromise, to ~vt. akiqsruq- (2);vt. akiqsruuti-;
vt. niààiuqsruq- (1).
promontory n. nuvugaq;
n. nuvuk.
promontory, small ~ n. nuvugaluk.
pronated, to become ~ vi. palluq- (1).
pronounn. inaäiun.
pronounce, to ~ vt. tai-.
pronounce, to ~ incorrectly vi. taiñiqâuk-.
proof
n. nalupqinaiyaq;
n. taäiq (1).
prop, to ~ up vt. akkiqsimaaq-.
propel, to ~ vt. maäuk- (1).
propertyn. suàaliq;
n. suurat.
prophecyn. sivuniksraq;
n. sivuniksriqirim uqauttutigikkaäa.
prophesy, to ~ vi. sivuniksriqiri-.
prophetn. nalautchaqti;
n. sivuniksriqiri.
proscribe, to ~ vt. iñiqtiàutigi-.
prospector n. maniäñiaqti.
prostitute n. akiisuq.
prostrate, to ~ (oneself) vi. sitqummiraq-.
protect, to ~ vt. iàáikkuttuti-;
vt. tugluaq-.
protect, to ~ one's chin inside the parka vt.
manusuk-.
protect, to ~ one's face and eyes vi. uluàiaq- (2).
protect, to ~ oneself vt. mannisaq- (2);vt. mannisigi-;
vt. saamiutaq-2.
protective glass of lantern n. akiãhun (C);n. qaumaqqun.
protective pad (for lactating females) n.
miluiáisaq.
protrude, to ~ vi. qatchik-.
protrude, to ~ one's lips vi. sigguk- (1);vi. siyyuk-.
protrude, to ~ the buttocks vi. iqqiq-.
proud, to be ~ vi. kamanausruk-.
proud, to be ~ of oneself vi. pigi-1.
proudly, to stand ~ vi. qiviäaaq-.
prove, to ~ vt. nalupqinaiyaq-.
provide, to ~ vt. iñuunniaq-.
provide, to ~ siding (as protection) vi. piqtaliq-.
provided, to be ~ with lure vi. nivitchiq- (2).
providern. iñuunniaqti (1);n. piññiaqti.
provider, to be a good ~ vi. niqsayuk-.
provisions, emergency ~ n. upaluàiitkutaq (2).
provisions, material ~ n. iñuunniutiksrat (2).
provisions, to carry ~ vi. taquaq-.

375

provisions, to supply with ~ vt. taqurri-.
provoke, to ~ vt. agak-2 (1);vt. akarruti-;
vt. pisaayugaq- (1);vt. qanuâakkusraaq-;
vt. saäiatchaktit-;
vt. uumisaaqâiq- (1).
provoked, to be ~ vi. qanuâak-.
provokern. akatchiri (2);n. uumisaaqti.
prowlern. immiññauraq (C) (3);n. iññiqqun;
n. iñuqqun.
prune
n. asiaq saunaalik;n. asriaq saunaalik;n. iyaàalik.
pry, to ~ a stuck object vt. qauqtiài-.
pry, to ~ loose vt. qauq-;
vt. qauqtiq-.
ptarmigan, rock ~ n. niksaaktuäiq.
ptarmigan, willow ~ n. aqargiq.

ptarmigan with brown feathers on headn.
nasrautlik.
ptarmigan's crop n. puviatchiaq;
n. puviiqhaaq (1).
pubescent, to be ~ vi. agliñàaq-;vi. aànaàuq-.
pubic hair n. mitqut;
n. tiäak.
puddlen. imaàauraq (3);n. imaànauraq;
n. imaqnauraq;
n. immaktinniq (C) (2);n. immiññauraq (C) (1).
puff, to ~ vt. supluaq-.
puffin, common ~ n. qiáaäak (3).
puffin, horned ~ n. qiáaäak (1).
puffy, to get ~ eyelids vi. puptit-.
pug-nosed, to be ~ vi. naqsiäa-.
pull, to ~vi. nuqimik-;
vi. nuqit-;
vt. kalik-;
vt. kalit-.
pull, to ~ a net up vt. amuktuq-.
pull, to ~ a starter rope vt. nuqitaq-.
pull, to ~ and jerk vt. nusuktaq-;
vt. nutchugaq-.
pull, to ~ by grasping its edge vt. pakiñik-1 (1).
pull, to ~ by towline (of dogs) vt. qimuk-.
pull, to ~ by towline (of humans) vt. qamuk- (1).
pull, to ~ down (one's pants) vt. kiviqi-.
pull, to ~ free vi. nusruk-1.
pull, to ~ from both sides vi. nuqittautraq- (2).
pull, to ~ out vt. amu-;

pull, to ~ string throughvt. nutchuk-.

pull, to ~ string through vt. nuvi- (2).
pull, to ~ taut vi. kaäit- (2);vt. qiluqqit- (1).
pull, to ~ up vt. nuqitchi- (2);vt. qakit- (1);vt. qilu-2 (2).
pull, to ~ up (one's pants) vi. mayuqi-.
pull, to ~ with a rope vt. nuqitchi- (1).
pulled out item n. amuma.
pulleyn. kuyapigauraq.
pulpitn. quliaqtuaàvik.
pulsate, to ~ vi. tigliq- (1).
pulse
n. tigliqtaat.
pump, water ~ n. qallun (2).
punch, to ~ vi. qakiqtaq- (1).
puncturen. putu.
puncture, to ~ vt. alik- (2);vt. kapluq- (1).
pungent, to be ~ vi. siiàñaq- (2).
punish, to ~ vt. anasriñäuqsaq-;
vt. tatapsaq-.
punished person n. anasriñäuqsaaq.
punishment n. anasriñäuqsaaqsiiãiq;n. anasriñäuqsautiksraq;
n. tatapsaun.
pupil of eye n. takkuvik.
puppy
n. qipmiaàruk;n. qipmiuraq (1).
purchase, to ~ vt. tauqsiq-.
pure, to be ~vi. ipqitchuaq-.
purification (event) n. ipqiqsaun.
purify, to ~ vt. ipqiqsaq-.
purityn. ipqiãiq.
purplen. tuäuaqtaaq.
purposen. sivunniuàun.
purse
n. puukatauraq.
pursue, to ~ vt. malikkataq-;
vt. siäit-;queen (in cards)
vt. tuvrauti-.

pursue, to ~ a bitch vt. nulliq-.
pursue, to ~ with the intent to arrest

vt.

tigusriñiaq- (2).
pus
n. immak.
push aside, to ~ vt. pakiñik-1 (3).
push buttons n. naqituàaq.

push forward, to ~ (in child birth) vi. siäuk- (2).
push, to ~ vi. piñu-;
vt. saqit-.

push, to ~ aside vt. piäu-2.
push, to ~ away vt. piäu-2.
push, to ~ into vt. siäit-.
push, to ~ off vt. ayak- (1);vt. kaimit- (1);
vt. tugaq- (2).

push, to ~ one's nose inadvertantly vi. naqsik-1 (2).
push, to ~ over vt. ulàut-.
push, to ~ someone's nose to show dislike orrejection of the other vt. naqsik-2.
push, to ~ up vt. maqimik-.
push, to ~ with one's feet vt. tukiq-.
pushy, to be ~ vi. kanäuit-.
put, to ~ a can for catching a drip vt.
kusriiáitchiq-.

put, to ~ away vt. iáiri-;

vt. iááiuqai-;
vt. iááiuqaq-;
vt. tutquqtuq- (1).
put, to ~ inside one's parka vt. qumik-.
put, to ~ on a shelf vt. qakit- (2).
put, to ~ one's hand inside vi. kau- (2).
put, to ~ one's hood on vi. nasraq-.
put, to ~ someone to bed vt. nallauti-.
put, to ~ together vt. tumaqsruq- (1).
putrid, to be ~ vi. qaayuànaq- (1).
puzzle, jigsaw ~ n. iviqtitaàaat.
puzzle, to ~ vt. naàriasruk-.

Q - q
qiputaq (Eskimo game, like horseshoes) n.
qiputaq (1).
qiputaq, to play the game of ~ vi. qiputaq-.
quack, to ~ (of a duck) vi. qalàuq-.
quake, to ~ vi. iáiqsraq- (1).
quarrel, to ~ vi. aipaluk-;vi. aiva-2;
vi. maqu- (2);vi. piiãiqi- (1);vi. qanaaq-;
vi. qapiqsiàiutraq-;vi. qapiqtauti- (1);vt. uqaala-2.
quarrelsome, to be ~ vi. qannaàik- (1).
quarry, animal hunted n. naniqtaq;
n. niqsakkaq;
n. niqsaqtaq.
quarry, animal trapped or snared n. napittaq.
quartern. qupitchuäaq.
quartz powder (for tanning) n. kitik.
queasy, to be ~ vi. uqsriñäu-.
queen (in cards) n. aànaq (2).

376

questionrare occurrence

question

quiet, to ~ somebody vt. nipaiqsi-.
quiet, to be ~ vi. alianaq- (1);n. apiqqun (C);n. apiqsruun.
question base: what? base. su-.
question, to ~ vt. apiài-;
vt. apiqsruutigi-;
vt. apiqsruutri-.
questionable, to be ~ vi. kipuyunaq-.
quick, to be ~ vi. uima- (2).
quickly
adv. qilamik.
quickly, to do things ~ vi. sukasaq-.
quickly, to get up and move ~ vi. tupisrallak-.
quickly, to work ~ vi. qilamiqsruq-.
quicksand n. puktaaq (2);n. puptaaq (2).
quick-tempered, to be ~ vi. isumanikit- (C);vi. isrumanikit-.
quiet down, to ~ vi. nipaiq-.

vi. alianniuq-;
vi. iñuksruit- (2);vi. nipaisaaq-;
vi. nipaisaqtau-;vi. nipait-;
vi. tuaksruit-.
quiet, to become ~ vi. nipaiq-.
Quiet! (to begin the game maàauraq) excl. maq.
quit, to ~vi. qasruq-.
quit, to ~ (finding oneself incapable) vi. payyit-.
quivern. pisiksisaq;
n. qaàruqaàvik.
quote, to ~ vi. taiguaq-;
vt. uqaqtitaq- (2).

R - rrabbit drive n. uäuraq.
rabbit parka n. saiktat.
rabid animal
n. malukak.
rabid, to be ~ vi. malukak-.
rabid, to become ~ vi. malukali-.
race
vi. tikitqaurraq-.
race, the human ~ n. iñupayaat.
rack, drying ~ n. iññivik.
rack for snow to be melted n. iñisaq (2).
radion. uqaqsi.
radius (bone in arm) n. amiññiqsraq (2).
raffle ticket n. nalautchaun.
raftn. umiaàluk.
raft, to ~vi. umiaàluk-.
rage, to ~ vi. immaqâuk-.
rain
n. sialuk;

vt. ipuk-.

raise, to ~ its head above water (of a seal) vi.
uyagruaq-.

raise, to ~ one's chin vi. aaàluq-.
raise, to ~ one's head vi. aaq-.
raise, to ~ plants vt. nautchii-.
raise, to ~ someone's head vt. aaqtit-.
raise, to ~ upright vi. nappaq-.
raised, person by whom one was ~ n. pamiàvik(2).

raised, place where one was ~raisinrake

n. pamiàvik (1).
n. asriatchiaq.
n. kumigaq;
n. kumäutit.

n. iñuguàvik;rake, snow ~ made from antlers n. pakirgutit.
ram
n. aäutisrugruk.
ram, to ~vt. maäuk- (1).
rancid, to be ~ vi. qakiq-.
rancid, to become ~ vi. qakiàñiáiq-.
rancid, to have become ~ vi. qakiäa-.
rancid, to smell or taste ~ vi. qakiàñit-.
rancorous, to be ~ vi. isumanäu- (C);n. siáaluk.
rain parka n. siáaääaaq.
rain, to ~vi. sialuk-;vi. siáaluk-.
rain, to ~ slightly vi. siáaluaq-.
rainbown. nigaq (1);n. nigatchiaq (2);n. tulimaaq (3).
raincoatn. siáaluksiun;n. siáaääaaq.
rainstorm n. siáaqâuk.
rainy weather n. sialuk;n. siáaluk.
raise, to ~ a child vt. iñuguqtit-;
vt. iñukkuksaq-.
raise, to ~ a young vi. pamiqsaq-.
raise, to ~ an object vt. ipruk-;vi. isrumanäu-.
vt. niuviq- (1);vt. satuq-;
vt. tasuq-.
rape, to ~ vt. nunuri-.
raped, to be ~ vi. nunuripkaq-.
rapid, to be ~ vi. kayumik- (1).

ransom, to ~rare meat, neither raw nor well-doneuipasulaaq.
rare occurrence n. qakugulitchiaq.

377

n.

rare, to be ~red, to be bright ~rare, to be ~ vi. ayuànaq- (2).
rare, to cook meat medium ~ vi. uipasulaaq-.
rash, itchy ~ n. pupik.
rash, to get a diaper ~ vi. uuq-.
rash, to get an itching ~ vi. uäiáak- (1).
rash, to have a ~ vi. pupik- (1).
rasp, large ~ n. tuugarriqqun.
rat
n. aviääaqpak.
raven
n. tulugaq.
raw item (fish or meat) n. uiáaq.
raw, to be ~ vi. aipa-.
rawhide, cooked ~ (eaten by starving people) n.
qisivak.

ray of light n. qaumaniq (1).
razor
n. umäiyaun.
reach the shore, to ~ (of a boat, of ice, etc.)vi.

tuluq-2.

reach, to ~ a destination vi. kinilit-.
reach, to ~ a goal in one day vi. iämiq-.
reach, to ~ a settlement vi. iññit-.
reach, to ~ into vi. kau-.
reach, to ~ into an opening vi. qaqutuq-1.
reach, to ~ into one's pocket vt. aiñiqsruq-.
reach, to ~ the highest point and begin to descendfrom it vt. ukpitaq-2.
reach, to ~ the limit vt. kaäiááit-.
reach, to ~ the same destination as others (implies
surprise) vi. qutiàuq-.
reach, to ~ the top vi. akpak- (C) (1).
reach, to be out of ~ vi. sarvasrik- (2).
reach, to be unable to ~ vi. ayuq-.
react, to ~ fearfully vi. tatavrua-.
read, to ~ vi. taiguaq-;
vt. agliqi- (1).

read, to ~ a list vi. taiyuq-.
read, to ~ a verse vi. taiyuaq-.
reading book n. taiguat;
n. taiyuat.

ready, to be ~ for action vi. itqanaiq-;
vi. piãhiñaaàuq- (2).

ready, to be ~ to die vi. piãhiñaaàuq- (1).
ready, to get ~ in a hurry vi. patala- (2).
realize, to ~ vt. iáitchuài-;
vt. iáitchuqsri-.

reappear, to ~ vi. avaàniq-.
reappear, to ~ further up a slope vi. qunmuk- (1).
rearn. tunu2 (1).
rear edge, the top ~ of skin pants n. papik (2).
rear of a group of people n. kiñuvaq.
rear (of an animal) n. uati (1).
rear, to ~ a child vt. iñukkuksaq-.
rear, to move toward the ~ vi. kiñuppiaq-;
rearmost one

vi. kiñuvaq-.
n. kaäiááiq.

reasonn. patchiñ.
reason, the ~ for crying n. qirran (2).
reason, to ~ vi. isruma-;
vt. isummiq- (C);vt. isrummiq-.

reason, to be the ~ for good newsvi.
tutchaàiäñaq- (2).
rebound, to ~ vi. mitigrak-;vi. piksik- (1).
rebuke, to ~ vt. iñiqtiq-.
recalcitrant, to be ~ vi. paaqâaäa-;
vi. paaqsaaäa-.
recede, to ~ vi. imaiq-1 (2).
receipt of loan payment n. akiáiusiaq (3).
receive less, to ~ than one deserves vi. palaq-3 (1).
receive on a loan, to ~ vi. simmiáiaksraq-.
receive, to ~ vt. akuqtuq- (1).
receive, to ~ in abundance vi. sipit-1.
receive, to ~ signs of impending danger vi.
nausraaàluksaaàaq-.
recently
adv. akkuquyuuraq.
receptacle n. imaikuvik;
n. kataivik.
receptacle for catching dripping water n.
kusriàvik;n. kutchiiáisaq.
receptacle for trash or dry dirt n. naaptiàun.
receptive, to be ~ to advice vi. uqayunaq- (2).
recite, to ~ vt. tai-.
recite, to ~ from memory vi. taimuäaaq-.
recognizable, to be ~ vi. sukuiq-1;
vi. sukuit-.
recognize, to ~ vt. iáisaài-;
vt. iáisaqâiq-;vt. iáisaqsri-.
recognize, to ~ at a distance vt. sukuimmaaàiksi-.
recognized, to let oneself be ~ vt. sukuiqsit-.
reconcile, to ~ vt. qiñuiàutipkaq-.
reconciliation n. qiñuiàutikkauâiq;n. qiñuiàutriãiq.
record, to ~ vt. nipiatyaq-.
record, to ~ voices vt. nuksi-.
recover, to ~ vi. iâuaqsi- (1);vt. satuq-;
vt. tasuq-.
recover, to ~ (of a sick person) vi. surruiq-.
rectal itch, to have a ~ vi. quaqta-.
recuperate, to ~ vi. mapsiq-.
red currant n. niviäaqqutaq (1).
red foxn. kavviaq;
n. kayuqtuq.
red phalarope n. augruaq.
red, to be ~ vi. kaviq-.
red, to be bright ~ vi. kavviàik-.

378

red, to become ~remote (in place and time)

red, to become ~ vi. kaviqsi-.
red, to become ~ (from exertion) vi. siäuktit-.
red-backed sandpiper n. siyyukpaligauraq (2).
redeem, to ~vt. niuviq- (1);vt. patchisaiq- (2);vt. satuq-;
vt. tasuq-.
redeemern. patchisaiqsi.
red-hot, to be ~ vi. qaulluqsima-.
aumali-.

nunuqsiàiiáaq (3).

rejection, to fear ~ vt. nikanniuq-.
rejoice, to ~ vi. quviatchak-.
rejoice, to ~ triumphantly vi. quviasullapiaq-.
related, to be ~ through married children vi.
nulliàiik-.

red-hot, to become ~ (of wood, coal, etc) vi.
redirect, to ~ caribou (when chasing them)vt. naààu-.

rejecter (person who is obnoxious and finds it hardto take instructions and rebuke) n.

vt.

naäaq- (2).
red-necked grebe n. aqpaqsruayuuq (2);n. suàlitchauraq.
redness
n. kaviqsaaq.
redness in face (from exertion) n. siäutniq.
redpoll, hoary ~ n. saksakiq (2).
reduce, to ~ vt. iáaääak-.
reduce, to ~ in size vi. nilik-.
reel, fishing ~ n. imuvik (2).
re-emerge, to ~ vi. avaàniq-.
reflect, to ~ vi. qivliaraq-;
vt. isummiq- (C);vt. isrummiq-;
vt. taààaqtuq-.
reflected, to be ~ vi. utiàrakkaq- (1).
reflection n. taààaq.
refrain, to ~ vi. piisimaaq-.
refrain, to ~ from speaking vi. niplianàiq-.
refrigerate, to ~ vt. niglaqsiq-.
refrigerator n. nigliñaqaàvik.
refuse, to ~ vt. ayak- (2).
refuse, to ~ someone vt. aqpigi- (2);vt. aqpiksri- (2).
regain, to ~ consciousness vi. qauàri- (1).
regret over one's folly n. saiñàiñaq.
regret, to ~ vt. nunuu-;
vt. nunuuraliq-.
regret, to ~ a loss vt. qigáuk-.
regret, to ~ one's folly vt. saiñàisuk-.
regret, to express ~vt. nunuuraq- (1).
reinn. niaquun (1).
reindeern. qimukti;n. qunäiq;
n. unirraun.
reindeer cow n. immulivik.
reindeer herder n. misiksriri;n. qunäiáiqiri.
reinforce, to ~ vt. kiksutaq-.
reins, the ~ for reindeer n. lautchiik.
reject, to ~ vt. ayak- (2);vt. iñugluaài-;
vt. iñugluaq-;

relativen. iáa1 (1).
relative by wife exchange n. aäutauqan (C) (2).
relative, to miss a ~ vt. iáaiàruutlaiq-.
relatives, to desire ~ vt. iáaiàrunäu-.
relatives, to visit ~ vi. iáaliaqattaaq-.
relax, to ~ vi. qaàa-;vi. qaàasri-;vi. suiáái-.
relax, to ~ outdoors vi. aniiqsuaq- (2).
relaxed, to be ~ vi. atlayuatlait-.
release, to ~ vt. anipchaq-;
vt. aämaq- (1);vt. pilit-.
release, to ~ a stone (from a sling) vt. itlutchaq-.
relieve, to ~ vt. akiaq-.
relieve, to ~ from anxiety vt. tutqiksit-.
relinquish, to ~ vt. iáatchiq-2.
relocate, to ~ vi. iglutiq- (C);vi. nuktaq-;
vi. nuktiq-;
vi. nuut-2 (1);vi. tupiqtiq-.
reluctant, to be ~ vi. kanäusuk-;vi. kanäusruk-;vi. qaaliäa-;
vi. qaayuq-;
vi. qikigi- (2).
remainder n. amirriaq (C);n. iáaku.
remainder, to have a ~vi. iáaku-.
remains, liquid ~ on the bottom n. natiàluk.

remains, to have ~ (as liquid on the bottom ofcontainer) vi. natiàluk-.
remark, to ~ flippantly vt. upyak- (2).
remember, to ~ vt. itqaài-;
vt. itqaq-.

remind, to ~ vt. itqaqtit-.
remindern. itqakkun;

n. itqakkutauruaq.
n. iáiàniku;
n. kisiäuqtaq;
n. taäiq (2).
remnant, to have a ~ vi. iáiqniku-.
remote, at that ~ time or place dem.adv. imani.
remote (in place and time) dem.adv. taimma.

remnant379

remote (place or time)
remote (place or time) dem.adv. imma.
remove clothing, to ~ (which has attached itself toanother part, e.g.snow shirt fromparka, socks from boots, etc.) vt.
taak-2.
vt. aämaq- (1);vt. piiq-1;
vt. piiyaq-.
remove, to ~ a lid vt. umäiq- (2).

remove, to ~remove, to ~ a membrane from a skin vt.
mamiiqsi-.

remove, to ~ blubber vt. qaprak-;
vt. qarvak-.

remove, to ~ cargo vt. usiiyaq-.
remove, to ~ clothes vi. mattaq-1.
remove, to ~ contents from a narrow opening vt.
saulluq-.

remove, to ~ dirt, lint, or animal hairs vt.
sanäiyaq- (1).

remove, to ~ dog harness vt. mattaq-2.
remove, to ~ fat after cooking vi. qaluiq-.
remove, to ~ food from teeth vt. kupkiiyaq-.
remove, to ~ fur or hair vt. iàisaq- (C) (1);vt. iàitchaq- (1).

remove, to ~ hair vt. mitquiq-.
remove, to ~ hair from an animal skin vt. utit-.
remove, to ~ handcuffs vt. qiáàutaiq- (2).
remove, to ~ pants vt. usiááaq-.
remove, to ~ soot vt. paulaiyaq- (2).
remove, to ~ the outer part of intestines vi.
qiagiyaq-.

remove, to ~ water vt. imaiq-2.
remover, soot ~ n. paulaiyaun (2).
render, to ~ vt. igniq- (C);vt. iäniq-.

render, to ~ oil vt. igit- (2);vt. igitchiq-.

render, to ~ seal oil from blubber vt. uqsri- (2).
rendezvous, to keep a ~ vi. kasuuti-.
renew, to ~ vt. nutaq-;
vt. nutaqtiq-.

renowned dem.adv. taimma.
rent
n. iniáàutit.
rent, to pay ~ vt. atuusiq- (C);vt. iniksraq-;
vt. iniáàusriq-.
repair, to ~ vt. iâuaqsruq- (2);vt. nutaq-;
vt. tumaq-2;
vt. tumaqsruq- (2);vt. tuämiq-.
repaired, to be ~ vi. tumaq- (2).

repay, to feel uncomfortable about not being able
to ~ a favor vi. tutqaasruk- (2).

resound, to ~repeat, to ~ vi. malàuiqsuaq-;
vi. pitqik- (1).

repeat, to ~ one's actions because the results feelpleasant or beneficial vi. uiviiái- (2).
repeatedly adv. taatnaâhaiññaq.
repellent, insect ~ powder n. puyuqsitaun.
repent, to ~ — mumiksaq- (2), see: mumik-1;

vi. isrummitqi-;
vt. nunuuraliq-.
repentance n. mumiâiq.
replace, to ~ vt. inaäiq-;vt. inaäiuti-;
vt. simmausiq-.
reply
n. kiumaâiq.
reply, to ~ softly vi. aniq- (C).
report, to ~ vt. quliaq- (2).
repress, to ~ vt. nunu- (1).
reprimand, to ~ vt. palaq-2 (2);vt. qanuàviiáaq-;vt. qanuàviiqsit-.
reproachn. pisaayugaun.
reproach, to ~ vt. inniiááak-;vt. pisaaäa- (2).
reproofn. alàaqsruun.
reprove, to ~ vt. tutqiigi-.
reprove, to ~ a relative vi. natmiñiqtuq-.
repudiate, to ~ vt. piiäiáaqsruq- (2).
repulsed, to be ~ by vt. muayugi-.
requestn. iäiqsruaq;
n. pitqun.
request, to ~ (almost demanding) vt. qasriái- (1).
request, to ~ help from one's namesake vt.
ilaäa-.
request, to ~ mercy vt. qiññuaq- (1).
request, to ~ someone's presence vt. qiññuaq(3).
require, to ~ vt. piqaàuk-.
rescue, to ~ vt. annauti-;
vt. anniqsuq- (2).
rescuern. anniqsuqti.
resemble, to ~ vi. qiññalik-.
resemble, to ~ in character vt. tuvraq- (3).
resent, to ~ as undesirable vt. aqpigi- (1);vt. aqpiksri- (1).
resentful, to be ~ vi. isumanäu- (C);vi. isrumanäu-.
reserved, to be ~ vi. qiki-.
residue
n. taäiq (2).
resinn. kutchuq (1);n. quàliaq.
resin of spruce (chewing gum) n. puvliànaq;n. puvliàniq.
resound, to ~ vi. imik- (1);vi. qaiàuatit-.

380

respectrifle

respect

n. taluqsriãiq (2);n. taluqsrisaq.
respect, to ~ vt. kamakkuti-;
vt. kamasruk-;
vt. taluqsraq-2 (2).
respectable, to be ~ vi. kamanaq-.
respected, to be ~ vi. kamagikkau-.
response
n. kiumaâiq.
responsibility n. kiggutiqaâiq.
responsible, to be ~ vi. niàiugaqaàviu-;
vi. qaunatqik-.
rest dayn. iñiqtuiqsiaq;
n. minàuiqsiaàvik;n. savaiãiq.
rest, to ~vi. minàuiqsiaq-;
vi. qaàa-;vi. qaàasri-;vi. suiáái-.
rest, to ~ firmly on a surface vi. tunäa-1 (1).
rest, to ~ for a short time vi. puâiäaallak-.
rest, to ~ (lying down)
vi. nalauraaq-.
rest, to stop and ~ vi. nutqiuq-.
restaurant n. niààivik.
resting place (for animals) n. imuäavik.
resting place (of animals) n. imuvik (1).
restless, to be ~ (want to travel) vi. ittuaqausriit-.
restless, to feel ~ (emotionally) vi. tutqiit-.
restrain, to ~ vt. nunu- (1);
vt. tigutaaq-.
restraining, person ~ himself n. nunuq.
restricted, to be ~ vi. tattuqqit-1 (2).
result, as a ~encl. -li.
resurrect, to ~ vt. aäipkaq-.
resurrection n. aäipkaiãiq;n. aäitqiãiq.
resuscitate, to ~ vt. aniqsaaqtit-;
vt. aäipkaq-.
retaliate, to ~ vt. akisaq-.
retard, to ~ vt. inavài- (2).
retarded, to act ~ vi. kinnaqsruq-.
retarded, to be ~ vi. aapyaäaaq-;
vi. qauàrimaaàiit- (2).
retch, to ~ vi. ulittaq-.
retiring, to be ~ vi. piuniatlait-.
retreat, to ~ emotionally vi. kiñumuak-.
retriever, wooden ~ (to draw up a fishing line) n.
ayagaun.
return, to ~ vi. utiq-;
vt. aggiqi- (2);vt. utiqtit-;
vt. utquti-;
vt. uttaqi-.
return, to ~ for bait vi. uiàittuq-.
return, to ~ from whaling vi. qaksruq-1.

381

return, to ~ the same day vi. utiàrak- (2).
reveal, to ~ vt. sagviaq-;

vt. sagviq-2;
vt. salapqiq-2;
vt. satqummiq-.
reveal, to ~ oneself
vi. iñukpalliq-;
vi. iñuksruuq-;
vt. uääiqi-.
reveal, to ~ oneself by noises vt. sukpalliq-.
revealed, to be ~ vi. salapqiq-1.
reverberate, to ~ vi. qaiàuatit-;vi. qatraq-.
revere, to ~ vi. piviuttaài-.
reverence, to ~ vt. taluqsri-.
reverse, to ~ the order vt. pusit- (2).
revile, to ~ vt. pisaaäa- (1);vt. uqamaqâuuti-.
revive, to ~ vi. uummak-.
revolve, to ~ vi. kaivit-;
vi. kaivraluk-;
vt. kaivraluktit-.
rewardn. akiáiusiaq (1);n. akiññaktaaq;
n. nalliksralik.
reward, to ~ vt. attausiq- (C);vt. attausriq-;
vt. nalliusriaài-.
rhubarb, wild ~ n. qusrimmaq.
rib (anatomy) n. tulimaaq (1).
rib (nautical) n. apummaaq (C);n. tulimaaq (2).
ricen. raaq.
rich person n. umialik (1).
rich, to become ~ vi. maniññak-.
ricochet, to ~ vi. mitigrak-;vi. utiàrakkaq- (2).
riddlen. nalautchaaàaâiq (1).
ride around, to ~ vi. usriaqsiàaaq-.
ride, to ~vi. usriaqsiq-.
ride, to ~ the waves vi. qaiááiuq- (2).
rider (on a horse) n. tuttuqpagaqti;
n. tuttuqpiraqtauq.
ridge
n. qimiàaaq (2);n. quagruk;n. quagruk.
ridge beam n. tuutraq.
ridge, eyebrow ~ n. qavlunaaq.
ridge, flat ~ in mountains n. qiäaaq (2).
ridge pole on a tent n. qiáagautaq (1).
ridge, small ~ n. quagrugauraq.
ridicule, to ~ vt. naààuksruq-.
rifle
n. sippun;n. suppun;n. tati.

rifle, automatic ~ with .22 caliber
rifle, automatic ~ with .22 caliber
rifle, to ~vt. pakak-.
Right?
quest. amaàaa?;n. nuqitaànaq.

quest. amii? (C).
right now adv. pakma.
right side, hand n. taliqpik.
right side of fabric n. qaa (4);n. siáataa.
right time, to be the ~ vi. pisuànaq-.
right, to be ~ vi. iâuaq-;
vi. nalaunäa- (1);vi. nalaut-.
right, to be the ~ amount vi. naammak- (1).
right, to do things ~ vi. piááautaq- (2).
right(eous), to be ~vi. nalaunäaruaq.
righteous, to declare ~ vt. nalaunäapkai-.
righteousness n. nalaunäaâiq.
right-handed, to be ~ vi. taliqpiu-.
rim
n. avalu (1).
rimen. kaniàaaàruk.
ring
n. kaivraàun;n. qitiqâiàun.
ring around a light sourcen. avaluàun.

ring, placed in seal navel, through which the skinis inflated n. puviáiñ.
ring, to ~vi. aviáuq-;vi. qasraq-.

ring, to ~ (of ears) vi. aviu- (2);vi. imigluk- (2);vi. sivanau-.
ringed seal n. qaiàulik.

rings, to form ~ (on water) vi. itauri- (1).
ringworm n. piäuyaq (2).
rinse, to ~ vt. iààuq-;vt. uaq- (1).
n. aäallannaqâuâiq.
n. akarrutauruaq;
n. aupiããaumiruaq.
rip, to ~vi. kiluiyaq-2;
vt. kiluaq-2.
rip, to ~ a seam vt. kiluiyaq-1.
rip, to ~ off vi. agluaq-;
vt. alik- (1).
ripe fruit
n. siiàñaq.
ripen, to ~ vi. piääuq- (2).

riot
rioterripen, to begin to ~ (of blueberries) vi. uquaqsiáiq-.
ripped, to be ~ (at the seam) vi. kiluaq-.
ripple on surface of snow n. qayuqâaq.
ripple, to ~ (of water) vi. uäiáak- (2).
ripsawn. qupluun.
rise, to ~vi. alatkaq-2;
vi. nui- (2).

rise, to ~ above the ground vi. qaäattaq-.
rise, to ~ (anger) vi. uunaaqpalak- (1).

robinrise, to ~ higher (of moon)vi. mayuala-;
vi. mayuallak- (2).

rise, to ~ later than usual (of the moon)vi.
piyaàit- (2).
rise, to ~ quickly vi. makitiq-.
rise, to ~ suddenly vi. maksrik-.
rise, to ~ to the surface vi. pui-;vi. puiáa-;vi. puktallak- (1);vi. puktaq-;
vi. puptaq-;
vi. qagvaq-1.
rise, to ~ up again vi. aäitqik-;vi. makitqik-.
risk, to ~vi. suginàiq-;vi. suksraaài-.
river
n. kuuk (1).
river, to form a ~ vi. kurri-.
river, tributary ~ n. kuuàuq.
riverbank n. ikpigauraq;
n. ikpik;n. siñi (1).
riverbank, steep undercut ~ n. qaäataaq (2);n. qipaluaq.
riverbank with alder trees
n. nunaäialik.
riverbed, dry ~ n. imaiàñiq;n. kurritñiq.
roam, to ~ vi. aàayuala-.
roar
n. ugiaàuulaniq (1).
roar, to ~vi. qaliäuula-.
roar, to ~ (distant sound) vi. imigluk- (1).
roast, to ~ vi. samuunaaq-.
roast, to ~ flour vt. iligraaq-;
vt. iligriuq- (C);vt. iliktaaäu-;
vt. iliktaliuq-;
vt. iliktitaq-.
roast, to ~ over an open fire vt. argiq-;
vt. qauri-.
roasted, browned and ~ flour
n. iligraaq (C).
roasted flour n. iliktaq.
roastern. imaiáaqtuun (C);n. imàiáaun;n. imàiáautnaq.
roasting pan n. argiàvik.
roasting spit n. argiq;
n. qaurriñ (C);n. qikautaq.
roasting stick n. argiutaq;
n. qikautaq (2).
rob, to ~ essentials vt. ivayaq- (3).
robbern. tigligaqti.
robin
n. kanayuuraq;
n. kutchuuq.

382

rock

rubber boots

rockn. iyaàak;n. uyaàak (1).
rock pile
n. iñuksuk (2).
rock, porous ~ n. supluàrak.
rock, to ~ from side to side vi. uluqhuqtaaq-.
rock, to ~ (of a boat) vi. iäiuliuq-.
rock, to ~ on the waves vi. qayaqhuiq-.
rock weight n. piààuttaq.
rock, with hole (used as net sinker) n. putulik.
rocks, hot ~ (used to melt snow)n. pallitchat.
rocky, to be ~ (of ground) vi. nunagiit- (1).
rod (used as brake on sled) n. pauktaun.
role-play, to ~ vi. piuääuaq-.
roll calln. atiqtigun.
roll, to ~vi. aksrak- (1).
roll, to ~ away vi. aksralik-.

roll, to ~ one's eyes (of a convulsing or frustrated
person) vi. qiiäa-.
roll, to ~ up vt. imu-;
vt. imuri-;vt. ulivrik-.

roll, to ~ up one's sleeves vt. kaäivaqtaaq-.
roofn. qiáak (2).
roof beam n. qanak.
roof of a house n. tupqum qaaäa.
roof of the mouth n. qiáagaq.
roof, to ~ a house vt. qaaliqsi-;

vt. qanaksi-;
vt. qiáasri-.
room
n. ini.
room deodorizer n. tipigiksaun.
room, the hindmost ~ n. qamaniak.
room, to have no ~ for visitors vt. iniksraiguti-2.
room, to have no ~ to stay vi. iniksraiguti-1.
room, to lack ~ vi. iniksraiq-.
room, to make ~ vt. illiq-;
vt. illiuti- (C);vt. iniksriuq-.
room, to run out of ~ vi. inaiq-.
root
n. amaaq;
n. maääuq (1).
root of a tooth n. niuluq.
roots, big ~ n. kaäiqãuk (1).
rope
n. akâunaaq;
n. aliq;n. niviääautaq;
n. pituk;n. pituutaq.
rope and hook (cooking pot over fire) n.
utkusriutaq.
rope (attached to an under-ice net) n. amuktuun;n. isautaq (C) (2);n. israutaq (2);n. qimiq (2).

383

rope for hanging something n. niviñautaq.
rope, lashing ~ n. tugrun.
rope, rawhide ~ n. akâunaapiat.
rope, seining net ~ n. niäivraqsaun;
n. tulaksaun.

rope, tie-down ~ n. naqitaàun.
rope (unattached to an under-ice net) n.
qimiksraq.

ropes, to attach ~ to a tentrosehip
n. igruänaq.
rot, to ~vi. au-;vt. qilu-2 (1).

vi. auraq- (2).

rotten area n. auniq.
rotten piece (of meat) n. piiyaku.
rotten, to be ~ vi. qaayuànaq- (1).
rough skin vi. uviñigluk-.
rough, to be ~ vi. amiàáuk- (1).
rough, to be ~ (not sliding easily) vi. kiniq-.
rough, to be ~ (of a surface) vi. kigrak- (1);vi. qaiàiit-.

rough, to be ~ (of ground) vi. nunagiit- (1).
rough, to be ~ (of water) n. qaiáiq-.
rough, to be ~ (of waves) vi. qaggaq-.
rough water, to be caught in ~ vi. qaiáàuti-.
rough water, to travel through ~ vi. qaiááiuq- (1).
rough-legged hawk n. qiáàiq.
roughly, to handle ~ vt. piaqâuktaq-.
round file n. quagruiáaq (2).
round item n. aqsravaluqtaaq.
round needle n. quagruiáaq (1).
round, to ~ a bend vi. kaivraaqsaaq-;
vi. uivaq-;
vt. iivaqsaaq-.
round, to be ~ vi. aàvaluk- (C);vi. aqsravaluq-;
vi. aqvaluq-.
rounded portions (sled) n. piàiaàaq.
rounded, to be ~ vi. puvialuäaaq-.
rouse, to ~ vt. iqiiqsaq-;
vt. itiqsaq-.
roused, to be ~ to action vi. upisrallak-.
row
n. uiyulliàiich.
row, to ~ fast vi. aäuutmik-.
row, to ~ (with oars) vt. ipput-.
rowboatn. umiayauraq (2).
rub, to ~vi. agiuti-;
vi. miäuluk-;vi. nanuk-;vt. nanuuti- (1).
rub, to ~ a hide to soften it vt. uluk- (1).
rub, to ~ clothes while washing vt. uluk- (2).
rub, to ~ oneself vi. nanuik-.
rubber band n. tasiraàaaq (C).
rubber bootsn. pauääaak.

ruddersailboatruddern. aquun.
rude, to be ~vi. tutqaanaq- (1).
rueful, to be ~ vi. nagliänaq-.
ruff (parka) n. avatiksrat.
ruff, sunshine ~ n. isiàvikpagaaq.
ruff, wolverine ~ n. pamiuàvik (2);rumpn. kuutchiñiq.
run, to ~vi. aqpat-.
run, to ~ a message vt. aqpaaq-.
run, to ~ a race vi. aqpaliurraq- (C);ruffianvi.
kaäimuk- (2).
run, to ~ fast vi. aqpaqsruq-.
run, to ~ into a taut rope vi. naqsiäayaaq-.
run, to ~ (of animals) vi. paäalik-.
run, to ~ (of water) vi. kuvviuq- (1).
run, to ~ out vi. naa-;
vi. upaluq- (1).
run, to ~ over vt. aglugi-.
rung of a laddern. tutmiàaq (3).
runnern. aqpaqsruqti (1).
runny nose, to have a ~ vi. kakkiái-.
runny, to become ~ vi. immak- (2).
rupture, to ~ vi. qaaq- (1).
rush, to ~ vi. iàñiqsruq-;
vi. qilamiqsruq-.
rush, to ~ eagerly into vi. upisrallak-;vi. upit- (2).
rush, to ~ home vi. aisaq- (C).
rush, to ~ in (of cold air) vi. mayuallak- (1).
rush, to ~ into a house vi. itchaàluk-.
rush, to ~ into danger unknowingly vi. upak-.
rush, to ~ someone vt. uggisigi-.
rustn. qaâiq.
rust, to ~vi. qaâiq-.
rust-colored dye for dying leather n. kaviääuaq.

vi. aqpaliutraq-.

n. tulugauraq (1).
n. aäallaàlukti (1);n. aäallaqâukti (1).
rugn. tutmiàaq (1).
ruinn. suunàiãiq.
ruin, to ~vt. akat-1 (3);vt. piyaquq-2;
vt. qiâhuq-;
vt. tamatkiq- (2).
ruined, to be ~ vi. suiàuti-.
ruins
n. piyaqukkaumaaqtuat.
ruins of old home n. inituàliàruaq.
rule
n. pitqutaq (1).
rule, to ~vt. aäalat- (2);vt. atanniqsuq- (1).
rulern. agaayuq;
n. aäalatchiri;n. atanniqsi;
n. uuktuun (2).
ruler, to receive a ~ vi. atannik-.
rulershipn. atanàuvik.
rumble, to ~ vi. iáiqsraq- (2).
rumble, to ~ (as a moving sled) vi. qaäataliktaq-.
rumble, to ~ (of one's stomach) vi. quluquluu-.
rumbling noise n. ittuktuuq (2).
rumbling, to have a ~ sound in one's ear vi.
timmaala-.
rummage, to ~ vt. qaqutuq-2.

run, to ~ about vi. aqpaliàaq- (1).
run, to ~ around vi. aàayuala-.
run, to ~ back down one's arms (of liquid)

S - s
sack
n. puukataq.
sack, hand-woven of grass n. qiáaktaq (4).
sack, to make a ~ vt. puukatchi- (1).
sacrificen. tuniáaqtuâiq.
sacrifice, to ~ vt. tuniáaqtuq-.
sacrificer
n. tuniáausiqiri.
sacrumn. pamialuk (1);n. pamiaâuk;n. pamiuàayaaq.
sad, to be ~ vi. inituqtaaq-;
vi. inituqtiq-;
vi. initusriáiq-.
safe
n. tugvaàvik;n. tugvaqsivik.
safe, to be ~ vi. annauma-;
vi. uqqit-.

safe, to be ~ (of filtered water) vi. suqâuänaiäit-.
safeguard, to ~ vt. kiluusraq-.
safety pin n. kakiutaq;
n. kakkiñ.

sagacious, to be ~ vi. isiáàatu-.
sage (medicine)n. sargiq.
said, it is ~ encl. -guuq.
sail (on a boat) n. tiäilàautaq.
sail, to ~vi. tiksiq-;
vi. tiäilàaqsiq-.

sail, to ~ with a favorable wind vi. tiksiyunaaq-.
sail, to spread a ~ vt. tiäilàausriq-;
sailboat384

vt. tiäilàautchiq-.
n. ikniàiáaq;
n. tiksiàaun;n. tiäilàautaqtuqtuaq.

sailing vessel

scare, to ~sailing vessel n. igniàiáaq (C).
sailorn. tiäilàaqsiqsuaq;

vi. katchuq-;
vi. niàisunàit-;vi. pisuàuàiq-;vi. pisuiqsimaaq-.

n. tiäilàausiqiri.

saintn. ipqiqsittuaq iñuk.
sale
n. tuniaq.
sale, item offered for ~ n. tunisaq.
salivan. innuq;

satisfied, to have ~ one's craving
satisfy, to ~ vt. isummaaq- (C)2;

vt. pisuiq-.
n. itchaksriàñiq.
n. alliàauraq;
n. atliàauraq;
n. atliuraq;
n. saasrhaq (1).
save, to ~ vt. miñaq- (1);
vt. tugvaq-;
vt. tutquq-.
save, to ~ for someone vt. taqqisiraq-;
vt. utaqqisiraq-.
saved, to be ~ vi. annauma-.
saw
n. ikiaqsiñ;
n. uluun.
saw (a two-man saw) n. uluaqtuun.
saw, crosscut ~ n. kipluun (1).
saw, to ~vt. uluaq-.
saw tooth bender (a tool) n. kipluun (2).
sawdustn. kanuqqaich;n. uluqqaich.
sawdust, speck of ~ n. uluqqaq.
say it!
excl. ki.
say, to ~vt. tai-;
vt. uqallak-.
saying, I'm ~ encl. -ami.
scab
n. qasalluq (2);n. qasralluq (2).
scabiesn. pupik.
scale
n. uqumaisilaaàun.
scale, to ~ a fish vt. kavisiiqsi-.
scale, to ~ a mountain vi. mayuq-.
scallopn. kigirauraq.
scalp
n. utuvik.
scalpeln. kappugauraq;
n. piáaktuun.
scan, to ~ vt. alatkaq-1.
scapegoat n. patchisi.
scapegoat, to make a ~ of vt. patchisigi- (2).
scapulan. kiasrik.
scar
n. qilàuq;
n. qiáàun (2).
scar from a bite n. kigiñiq.
scar from a burn n. uutiàniq (1).
scar, to form a ~ vi. amiàáuk- (2).
scare, to ~ vt. iqsipchaq-;
vt. iqsipkaq-;
vt. iqsisaaq-;
vt. nuyuaqtit-.

Saturdaysaucern. ivsaq (C);n. misiq;
n. tivvuaq.
salivate, to ~ vi. innuli- (1);vi. siiàáit-1 (1).
salmon, chum ~ n. aqalugruaq;
n. iqalugruaq;
n. qalugruaq (1).
salmon, coho ~ n. qalugruaq (2).

salmon, dried ~ with eggs included n. aanaalik.
salmon eggs n. suvagruaq.
salmon, humpback ~ n. amaqtuq.
salmon, king ~ n. qaluaqpak.
salmon, silver ~ n. qalugruaq (2).
salmonberry n. aqpik.
salt
n. taàiuq (1).
salvationn. annaumaâiq;n. anniqsuiãiq.

salvation (process) n. anniqsuàiaq.
same, in the ~ way adv. taitñatun.
same, one who is the ~ n. atiri.
sanctification n. ipqiqsaâiq.
sanctification (event) n. ipqiqsaun.
sanctified, to be ~ vi. ipqiqsau-.
sanctify, to ~ vt. ipqiqsaq-.
sandn. maààaq;n. qavia;
n. qaviaq.
sand spit
n. tapqaq.
sandaln. aluàun.
sandbarn. ikkalàuq;
n. maààaraaq;
n. tirraq (1).
sanderling n. aqpaqsruayuuq (1);n. aqpaqsruqti (2).
sandpiper, Baird's ~ n. puvviaqtuuyaaq.
sandpiper, buff-breasted ~ n. puvviaqtuuq (2);n. satkagiiáaq.
sandpiper, least ~ n. livilivillauraq.
sandpiper, pectoral ~ n. puvviaqtuuq (1).
sandpiper, semipalmated ~ n. livilivillakpak.
sandpiper, spotted ~ n. iksriktaayuuq (1).
Sanhedrin, member of the ~ n. uqaqsitaaqtitchiri.
sanitary pad n. makkak.
sap of tree n. misuq (1).
Satann. tuunàaq (1).
satisfied, to be ~ vi. apaigi-;

385

vi. tutchi-.

scare, to ~ into silence
scare, to ~ into silence
vt. tatamni-.
scarecrow n. iñuksuk (1).
scared, to be ~ into silence vi. tatamäi-.
scared, to be ~ of height vi. ipnit-.
scared, to be easily ~ vi. tatait-.
scarf (to protect one's mouth in cold weather)n.
naqsiuraq.
scatter, to ~ vi. akullaq- (C);vt. kanàaala-;
vt. siamit-;
vt. siapsi-.
scatter, to ~ seeds vt. kanàaqsruq-.
scattered, to be ~ everywhere vi. siammayaaq-.
scent, to perceive the ~ of soil vt. nunasruäniq-.
schooln. aglagvik (1).
school, to go to ~ vi. aglagiaq-.
scissors
n. sallisik.
scold harshly, to ~ vt. suàruk- (2).
scold, to ~ vt. avutqai-;
vt. avutqak-;vt. suaguti-;
vt. suakataq-;
vt. suallak-;vt. suaämik-.
scold, to ~ by pointing a finger at vt. tikkuari-.
scolder (a person scolding) n. suakataqti.
scoop for removing ice n. ilagaun;
n. ilaun.
scoop, round and wooden ~ n. patkutaqtuun;
n. qalluttaqtuun.
scoop, to ~ ice chunks vt. ilaaq- (1).
scorch, to ~ vt. ilik-.
scorch, to ~ food vi. nipititchii-.
scorched, to become ~ vi. pasik-;vi. pasrik-;vi. uutiq-.
score, to have same ~ as another vi. nalliuti- (2).
scorpionn. putyuutilik.
scoter, surf ~ n. tuunàaaàruk.
scoter, white-winged n. killalik (1).
scrape, to ~ vi. kiáik-;vt. qipuktuq-1;
vt. qisiiqsi-.
scrape, to ~ a skin vt. amiiàruk-;
vt. ichuk-;
vt. ikuk- (C) (1);
vt. mamiiqsi-;
vt. qisiiq-1.
scrape, to ~ a skin until thin vt. maptukâi-.
scrape, to ~ baleen to desired size vt. kiáigaq-;
vt. kiááiuqtaq-.
scrape, to ~ fat off a skin vt. aäula- (C) (1);vt. kiáigaq-;
vt. kiááiuqtaq-;

seal skin, bleached ~vt. uqsruiyaq-.

scrape, to ~ hair off a skin vt. mitquiq-.
scrape, to ~ oneself vt. kiááiuàruk-.
scrape, to ~ tissue off a skin vt. sakipsi-.
scraped skin n. ikuktaq.
scrapern. kikâiñ.
scraper (for a skin) n. ichuun (2);n. ikuun (C) (1).
n. qipuaäniq;n. titiàniq (1).
scratch mark n. qitchuäniq.
scratch on the surface n. kumik.
scratch, to ~ vt. kumik-;
vt. qipuktuq-1.

scratchscratch, to ~ in the throat (of food) vi. kigrak- (3).
scratch, to ~ with one's fingernails vt. qitchuk-.
scratched, to get ~ vi. qipuak-;vi. qipuktuq-2.

scratchy, to be ~ to the touchscream, to ~ vi. avaala-;

vi. kigrak- (2).

vi. avaalaqâuk-;vi. nipaala-.
screw
n. qipputilik.
screw driver n. qippun (2).
scriben. aglaliqiri (2).
scripturen. Agaayyutim Uqaâhi.
scrolln. imuraq (1).
scrub, to ~ vt. tilak-.
scrutinize, to ~ vt. isivàiuq-;
vt. naipiqtuq- (2);vt. nivigaq-.
scrutinize, to ~ and recognize vt. sukuiq-2.
sculpinn. kakiááaànaq (C) (1);
n. kakitáaànaq (1);
n. kanayuq.

sea mammal drifted ashore (somewhat
decomposed) n. siáuaàruk.
sea mammal on top of the ice n. qakimaruaq.
seagulln. nauyaq.
seal, bearded ~ n. ugruk.
seal, harbor ~ n. qasigiaq;
n. qasrigiaq.

seal hook n. manaq (1).
seal hook, to use a ~ vi. manaqtuq- (1).
seal (left until frozen) n. sikutitchiaq.
seal net (under seal's hole) n. igalaaq (C) (2);n. igaliq (2).
n. nalunaitmiutaq (1);n. nalunaitäutaq.
seal oil, burned ~ n. iñàausiñiq.
seal oil, food stored in ~ n. uqsruàmiutaq.
seal oil, to make ~ vt. misiàarriuq-.
seal, ringed ~ n. qayaàulik.
seal skin, bleached ~ n. naluaq.

seal (of ownership)386

seal skin trousers

separateseal skin trousers n. natchiaàruk.
seal, spotted n. qasigiaq;

seep, to ~seep, to ~ in (of water) vi. immak- (1).
seesaw
n. aatchukisaun;

n. qasrigiaq.

sealskin poke n. puuq.
seam
n. kiluk.
seam, torn ~ n. kiluaàniq.
seams, to caulk the ~ (of a boat) vt. uukaq-.
search and rescue team n. pakaktit.
search, to ~ vt. ivaq- (1);vt. pakak-;vt. pakaktit-;
vt. qiñaa-;vt. qiñiàniaq-;
vt. umiq- (1).

search, to ~ for "Eskimo potatoes" vi. nivinniaq-.
search, to ~ for fault in people vt. naipiqtuq- (2).
search, to ~ in the wrong place vi. pakimmaàluk-.
seashelln. siutiàu.
seasick, to be ~ vi. iäiulinäu-;
vi. qaiáiunäu-.

season, to ~ vt. avu-.
seat in a boat n. iksuàaq (C).
seated, to remain ~ vi. aquppiugaq-.
seaweed, edible ~ n. iäalugaaluk (C).
second one n. aippaak;n. alàiaq (C);n. tuglia.
second, to ~ vt. tappiq-2 (2).
secretn. nalunaqtuaq.
secret, in ~ adv. iriqakun.
secret, to keep a ~ vt. aääiqquti-.
secretaryn. aglaliqiri (1).
secretly
adv. iriqakun.
secretly, to do ~ vi. pitqiksiàaq-;vt. suiáauri- (1).
secure, to ~ vt. payaäaiksruusiq-;
vt. qaulàutchiq-;
vt. tuut-.

secure, to ~ with an ice hook (sled) vt. akikaq-2.
secure, to be ~ vi. uqqit-.
securely, to tie up ~ vt. qiáiviqsruq-.
securityn. annaumaâiq.
sedativen. siñguänaq;n. siñiänaq.

sediment
n. kiñalluq.
sediment, black ~ on ice n. anaàlu (C).
seductive, to be ~ vi. kaviuànaqtau-.
see there! excl. kii.
see, to ~vt. qiñiq-;vt. tautuk-.

see what happens when you do that!
seed
n. nautchiaksraq.
seed of fruit n. saunaaq (3).
seek, to ~ vt. qiñiàniaq-.

vi. kiñiq-;vi. siiàñiq-.

excl. kii.

387

n. ipuktaaàun;n. ipuktaq;
n. ipuktaun.
seesaw, to ~ vi. aatchukisaaq- (C);vi. ipuktaaq-.
seine
n. qaaktuq;
n. qargun.
seine, to ~ vi. qaaktuq-.
select, to ~ vt. umiàuq-.
self
n. iämi.
self-conscious, to be ~ vi. qiñiàviksrait-;vi. suqpagi- (1);vi. taàutunaq-.
self-consciousness, to cause ~ vt. suqpanaq-.
selfish, to be ~ vi. anniqsraq-;vi. iàáiktu-;
vi. iämiguuq-;
vi. miàvigi-.
self-sufficient, to be ~ vi. inuqsraäait-.
self-sufficient, to have become ~ vi.
inuqsraäaiq-.
sell, to ~vt. tuni-;
vt. tunisi-.
send, to ~ vt. aullaqtit-;
vt. tuyuài-;
vt. tuyuq- (1).
send, to ~ away vt. anit-.
send, to ~ for vt. qanniq-.
send, to ~ home vt. aisaqtit- (C) (2).
send, to ~ on an errand n. tili-.
senior citizen n. utuqqanaaq.
sensation
n. ikpikkun (1).

sensation, to have a ~ of "pins and needles"(paresthesia) vi. kakitáauri-.
sense
n. siái.
sense, to ~ vt. ikpigi- (1);vt. ikpigiaguti-;
vt. iáimasuk-;vt. iáimasruk-;
vt. iáimatchak-;
vt. irusiq-.

sense, to ~ a dangerous event vi. nargiasruk-.
sense, to ~ change vi. atlasuk-.
sense, to ~ ill-will vt. ikpigi- (2).
sense, to ~ in advance vi. nausraaàluksi-.
sense, to ~ s.t. strange vt. iññiqi-2.
sensibility n. ikpikkun (2).
sensible, to be ~ vi. iivitchuaàik- (1).
sensitive, to become ~ vi. aksiyasi-.
separate
pos.adv. ilaagun.

separate, to ~separate, to ~vi. avanmuk- (C);vi. avatmuk-;
vt. avit- (1).
separated, to be ~ vi. akuttu-;
vi. kaat-2.
separated, to be widely ~ vi. uvsiit- (2).
separated, to become ~ vi. ilaagugiiksit-.
separated, to get ~ vi. akuttusi-.
separation n. avallak.
September n. amiiqsivik (1);n. nuliaàvik;n. sikkuvik.
serenade, to ~ vi. ninak-.
serene, to be ~ vi. aäuyautait-;vi. qiñuit-.
sermonn. quliaqtuaqaâiq;n. uqaaqtuutriãiq.
serpent
n. nimiàiaq.
servant
n. kipaluk;n. kivgaq;
n. savautriruaq.
serve, to ~ vi. kipaluk-;
vi. kivgaq-.
serve, to ~ food vi. niàiñaq- (1);vt. payguti-.
serve, to ~ in twos vi. malàuutaq-.
serve, to ~ refreshments vi. qaksruàautituq-.
servern. autaaqti.
servicen. savautriãiq.
set, to ~vi. nipi-;
vt. niäitchi-.
set, to ~ a net vt. ayauma-;
vt. niktiq-.
set, to ~ a price vi. nalliq-.
set, to ~ aside vt. sanivaq-.
set, to ~ aside for someone vt. miñaq- (1).
set, to ~ aside to cool vt. niglaqsiq-.
set, to ~ down on land vi. tulaummi-.
set, to ~ (of the sun) vi. naqigái-.
set, to ~ under ice vt. sikumatarriq-.
set, to ~ up a tent vt. tupiq-.
settle, to ~ vt. aääiiyaq- (C);vt. patchisaiyaq-.
settle, to ~ accounts vt. makpiàarriq-.
settle, to ~ down vt. inillak- (2).
settle, to let ~ (of liquids) vt. kiñitchiq-1 (2).
seven
n. tallimat malàuk.
seventeen n. akimiaq malàuk.
seventyn. piñasrukipiaq qulit;
n. piäasukipiaq qulit (C).
sever, to ~ vt. kipi-;
vt. kipri-;vt. taqaaq-.
sew, to ~vt. killaiyaq-;

sharpen, to ~vt. tivli- (1).

sew, to ~ well vi. kilugik- (1).
sew, to ~ with uneven stitches vi. kilukâuk- (1).
seweragen. attat.
sewing kit n. ikpiaàruk (1).
sewing kit (foldable) n. imurvik.
sewing machine n. killaiyaun.
sewing project n. tivliaq.
sewn, poorly ~ item n. kilugluk;n. kilukâuk.

sewn, to be ~ poorly vi. kilukâuk- (2).
sewn, to be ~ well vi. kilugik- (2).
shaden. taaàutaq;
n. taààiñiq.

shade, eye ~ n. tatqiaq;
n. titqiaq.

shade from light n. taalutaq (1).
shade, to ~ vt. taalutchiq-.
shade, to ~ eyes vi. titqiaàaq-.
shadow
n. taààaq;n. taààiñiq.

shaft of a harpoon n. kapusiun (1).
shaft, spear ~ n. ayak (2).
shake, to ~ vi. iáiqsraq- (1);vt. ipsuk-.

shake, to ~ hands vt. iáali-.
shake, to ~ one's head vi. niaqula-.
shakiness n. nappatigiiáaq.
shallow, to be ~ vi. ikkat-.
shamann. aäatkuq;
n. iáisiiáaq.

shaman (with a helping spirit) n. tuunàaqtalik.
shaman's activity n. aäatkuuâiq.
shaman's power n. qila;
n. qiáa.

shame, cause for ~ n. kanäusraaàun.
shame, to ~ someone vt. kanäusruq-.
shame, to feel ~ on behalf of vt. kanäugi-.
shameful, to be ~ vi. kanäunaq-.
shampoon. nuyaqsiun (1).
shankn. kanagaq.
share (of something) n. piksraaq.
share, to ~ vt. avvaku-;
vt. niñiq-;vt. piñaqutigi-.
share, to refuse to ~ vi. siqña- (2).
shareholder n. avvakuamari;n. avvakusriusaiáik;n. avvakuuàummirauq.
sharp point n. itäik.
sharp, to be ~ vi. ipik-;vi. kigrak- (1).
sharpen, to ~ vi. siái-;
vt. ipiksaq-;

388

sharpener

short hand of a clock
shield, to ~ onself vt. mannisaq- (1).
shift, to ~ vi. nuktaaq-.
shimmer, to ~ vi. uyumiq-.
shimmer, to ~ (of water) vi. kayuäiaqsruq-.
shinbonen. kanaaq;

vt. itäik-.

sharpener n. ipiksaun.
sharpening stone n. kigiñaksaun.
shatter, to ~ vi. piksagaala-;
vi. siqummaq-1;
vt. kanivaala-;
vt. navguq-;
vt. siqummaq-2.
shave, to ~ vt. umäiq- (1);vt. umäiyaq-.
shavern. umäiyaun.

n. kanagaq;
n. qiäaaq.

shinbone, to hurt one's ~ vi. qinarri-.
shine on, to ~ vt. qagguti- (1).
shine, to ~ vt. qivliqsaq-.
shine, to ~ (of electric light) vi. ikuma-.
shine, to ~ (of stars) vi. uvluàirraaq-.
shine, to ~ (of the sun) vi. kirratchiaq-;

shaving of wood or baleen n. savikkaq.
shavings (for a fire) n. ikuàutit (2).
shavings of willow bark n. nunaäiak.
shavings, wood ~ n. ichukkuq;

vi. siqiññaaàik-.

shininess
n. qivliqsaqtaq.
shinny, to ~ vi. quumigaq-.
shiny material n. qivliqtaq (1).
shiny, to be ~ vi. qivliq-;n. sannaq.
n. uligaaq;
n. ulikataaq.
shear, to ~ vt. sallisit-.
sheath for a bow n. pisiksisaq.
sheath for a knife n. iyaàaâhaq.
shed, to ~ vi. kanàala- (2).
shee fish, small ~ n. mayuayuk.
shee fishing time n. siiñiaàvik.
sheefishn. sii.
sheep
n. ipnaiq.
sheep, bighorn ~ n. qiàñiqtalik.
sheer, to be ~ vi. tapinniáuk-.
sheet of paper n. makpiàaaq.
shelf
n. qakirvik;
n. quliàuaq.
shelf for dishes n. qallugauraqaàvik.
shelln. siutuquyuk.
shellfish
n. iviáuq (1);n. uviáu;
n. uviáuq.
shells, to load ~vi. savaqi-.
shelter from wind n. avalu (2);n. qamannirvik.
shelter, snow block ~ n. aputyaq (C).
shelter, to ~ vt. taputi- (2).
shelter, to have ~ vi. tukkuqaq- (1).
shelter, to stay in a ~ vi. uquunisima-.
shelter (weather) n. akivik (2).
sheltered place n. uquq (1);n. uquuniq.
sheltered, to be ~ vi. qamannit-;
vi. uqqit-;
vi. uquuk- (1).
shelves, set of ~ n. iááiviurat.
shieldn. mannisaq;
n. matutaq (2);n. uquutaq (2).
shield, to ~ vt. tugluaq-.

shawl

vi. qivliqtaq-.

shipn. umiaqpak.
ship with four masts n. sisamalik (2).
shirt
n. asiiáaq;

n. asriiáaq;
n. qaliàuuraq (2).
shirt with sleeves n. kaigauraq (1).
shiver, to ~ vi. qipsagaala- (1);vi. qiunäu-;
vi. uulik-.
shoal
n. ikkalàuq.
shock, to ~ vt. quaqsaaqtit- (1).
shock, to ~ deeply vt. tuquanäuq-.
shock, to get a ~ vi. tuqpallak-.
shocked, to get ~ vi. quaqsaaq- (1).
shoe (factory made) n. sakpakiq.
shoelacen. siäiq.
shoes, person with white-man's ~ n. sakpakilik.
shoot (plant) n. iàñaaq (2).
shoot, to ~ vi. pisik-;vi. sik-;
vt. satku-;
vt. siksaq-.
shoot, to ~ a gun vi. supputisaq-.
shoot, to ~ a target vi. nalautchuàaq- (1).
shoot, to ~ a weapon vi. pisiksaq-.
shoot, to ~ game vt. maqamit-.
shoot, to ~ (of a star) vi. anaq- (2).
shoot, to ~ [quills] suddenly vt. ipaktiq-.
shoot, to ~ too high vt. qaràut-.
shore
n. siñi (1);n. taàium siñaa.
shore, to leave ice on ~ vi. qaimäuli-.
shoreward, to move ~ vi. kiluvaq- (1).
short hand of a clock n. naitchuaq (1);n. naitñiqtaq.

389

short item
short item n. naitchuaq (2).
short time n. sivikisuuraq.
short, to be ~ vi. nait-.
short, to be ~ ofvi. inuqtuuti-;

vi. naamaniqâiuq-.
short, to be of ~ duration vi. sivikit-.
shorten, to ~vt. naigáiáaaq-.
shorter, to become ~ vi. naigái-.
shorter, to become ~ (of days) vi. uvluiágit-;
vi. uvlukâi-.
shorter, to make ~ vt. naiñaaq-.
shortest, the ~ one n. naitñiqtaq.
short-legged, to be ~ vi. kanaakkit-.
short-tempered, to be ~ vi. isumakit-;vi. isrumakit-.
shot, gun ~ n. pisik.
shotgunn. qaàruuraqtuun;n. saatkaaq.
shotgun, double barreled ~ n. malàulik (1).
shouldencl. -asru (1).
should (in "unrealized" tense) encl. uvva1.
shouldern. tui.
shoulder blade n. kaisrik;
n. kiasrik.
shoulder, to ~ vt. iqsriq-;
vt. iqsruk-.
shoulders, area across ~ n. pikuk (1).
shout, to ~ vi. iàiala-;
vi. niprala-;
vi. tuqâullak-.
shout, to ~ from fright vi. kappiatuq-.
shout, to ~ loudly vi. nipliñiqãuula-.
shout, to ~ to signal success vi. qatchala-.
shout, to start to ~ vt. iksaq- (C) (2).
shouting, to start ~ vt. nipaallaksaq-.
shove, to ~ aside vt. ilakâugi-.
shoveln. paulàin;n. piksrun.
shovel, to ~ vi. piksrutaq-.
shovelern. aluutaq (2).
show off, to ~ vt. qiñiqu-.
show off, to ~ by traveling fast vt.
sukasraànaivik-.
show, to ~ vt. qiñikkiq-;
vt. tikkuaàuti-;
vt. urriqsuq- (1).
show, to ~ around vi. siñiqsrauti-.
show, to ~ off vt. suvaluvaaâak-.
show, to ~ off one's possession vt. tusrusraaq-.
show, to ~ the way vt. urriqsuuti-.
show, to ~ up vi. takkuqsraq-.
show, to barely ~ vi. nuisapqaq-.
shrew
n. ugruänaq.
shrewd, to be ~ vi. pisaasuu-.

side sheltered from windshriek, to ~ vi. avaalaqâuk-.
shriken. iraiyayuuq.
shrimpn. igliàaq (C) (2);n. kumaàuq (2);n. putuguqsiuyuk (2).
shrink, to ~ vi. uglik-;vi. uvlik-.
shrink, to ~ back vi. iqiliq-.
shudder, to ~ vi. qaaliäasraàaq-.
shun, to ~ vt. pasigi-;
vt. quäuài-;
vt. suqutiksriñàit-.
shut, to ~ in/out
vt. umäuti-.

shuttle (device for weaving a net) n. nuviááaun.
shy, to be ~ vi. atlayuaq- (1);vi. attaqsrau-;
vi. kanäusruu-;
vi. kanäuusuu-;
vi. qiki-.
sibling
n. aniqqan.
sibling duo n. aniqqatigiik.

sibling (through parents' swapping) n. qataääun.
sibling, younger ~ n. nukaaluk;n. nukaq;
n. nukaqâiq (2);n. nukatchiaq.

siblings: girl and her younger brother n.
aqqalugiik (C).

siblings (of two sets of parents who are swapping
partners) n. qataääutigiich.
siblings, pair of ~ n. nukaalugiik;
n. nukaàiik;n. nukatchiaàiik.
sick, to be ~ vi. anniàñaq- (1);vi. atniàñaq- (1);vi. iâuit- (1);vi. naäit- (1);vi. sakniuq-;
vi. saäniuq- (1).
sick, to become ~ vi. iâuanàiq- (2);vi. naäiliq-.
sick, to feel ~ after eating fat vi. uqsrit-1 (2).

sick, to feel ~ from excess of sweet or sour

siiàáit- (2).
sicknessn. anniàñaun;n. naäirrun (1);n. piyaqniuàun.
side
n. saniàaq.
side by side, to be ~ vi. tapit- (3).
side, from every ~ — avataaniñ, see: avati.
side pain, to have a ~ vi. saniàanäu-.
side pain (when running) n. qaulàuttaq.
side section (of parka) n. ipnaq (2).
side sheltered from wind n. qamaniq.

390

vi.

side, to ~ with someone

sit, to ~ comfortablyside, to ~ with someone vt. iááiqsuq- (C) (2).
side, to lie on one's ~ vi. saniq- (1).
side, to the ~ of — saniàaanun, see: saniq.
sideways
pos.adv. sanitmun.
sideways roll (of a boat) n. uviqtaq.
sideways, to slide ~ (of a moving sled, boat, etc)
vi. sanniuàruk-.

sideways, to turn ~ vi. saniq- (2).
siding, to put ~ on vt. saniàa-.
sighn. aniqsaapaktaq.
sigh, to ~ vi. aniqsaapak-.
sigh, to ~ deeply vi. imäiqsaq- (2).
sightn. takkuq.
sight, to catch ~ of vt. naipit- (2).
sight, to disappear from ~vi. taààit- (2).
sighting place n. nasriqsruàvik.
sign
n. nalunaiáutaq;

sinew, split ~ n. iáiqsraq.
sinew (splits with difficulty) n. qupsik (1);n. quvsik (C).

sinew, to braid ~ vt. qipri-.
sinew, to split ~ vi. iáiqsri-.
sinful things, to do ~ vi. killiqi-.
sinful, to be ~ vi. killuu-.
sing, to ~ vi. atuq- (1).
sing, to ~ a lullaby vi. aqak-1;
vt. mapsaq-.

sing, to ~ songs vt. iàñaraaàuti- (C).
sing, to ~ well vi. iàñaàik-.
sing, to start to ~ vi. akpit-.
singed, to become ~ vi. pasik-;vi. pasrik-.

singern. atuqti.
single file, to walk ~ n. tunulliàiik;n. nalunaitmiutaq (1);n. nalunaitäutaq.

sign (cause for intuitive knowledge)n.
iáitchuqqun (2).
sign (spectacular) n. qiñikkiqsuun.
sign, to ~ vt. titiq-.
signal, to ~ with one's arms vi. urriqa-.
signpost
n. iáitchuqqun (1);n. nappaqutaq (1);n. tikkuun.
silent, to be ~ vi. nipaisaqtau-;vi. niplianàiq-;vi. siaksruit-.
silent, to become ~ vi. siaksruiq-.
silent, to remain ~ in doing things vi. tiàii- (2).
silkn. qivliqtaq (1).
siltn. maààaq.
silverware n. niàiñiutnat.
simmer, to ~ vi. aqiáitchii-1;
vt. aqiáitchii-2.
sin
n. killuq;
n. killuqsaun;
n. killuun.
sin, to ~vi. killiqi-;
vi. killuliqi-.
sin, to commit ~ vt. killuqsaq-.
since then encl. qaäa-aglaan.
sinew, braided ~ n. amiun (C) (1);n. piáàaalik;n. qipraq.
sinew, for making thread n. ivalupiaq;
n. uliun.
sinew of arm n. talim ivalua.
sinew of foreleg n. sivuàaàlugun.
sinew of heel n. kikmitquutaq.
sinew of hind leg n. kiñuàaàlugun.
sinew of leg n. niuliñàaq.

391

vi. iiguliktit- (C);vi. kiñuàaqâiàiik-;vi. maligiik-;vi. uuyuliktit-.
singular (grammar) n. atausiumman (1);n. atausriumman (2).
sinkn. iààuàvik.
sink, to ~ vi. kivi-;
vt. itiquutri-;
vt. kivit-.
sink, to ~ in when walking vi. aqayaqisaaq-;
vi. mau-;
vi. mauraàaq- (2);vi. mauyaqisaaq- (1);vi. muàruk- (C).
sink, to ~ into water vi. itauri- (2).
sinker for a net n. kiviqqutaq;
n. saatqun;n. uyaàak (2).
sinker line n. atliñiq;
n. qimiq (1).
sinnern. killuliqiri;
n. killuqsaqti.
sip, to ~vt. imiàaqsiááaa-;vt. imillaa-;vt. imiqsiááaa-;vt. uuksi-.
sip, to ~ broth vt. imiàaqtuuraq-.
sister, older ~ n. aakauraq;
n. aakiyaaq.
sister-in-law n. nukaunàuq;
n. sakiàaq;
n. ukuaq.
sit, to ~vi. aquppi-.
sit, to ~ around vi. aquppiuq- (C).
sit, to ~ around idly vi. aquppiuraaq-.
sit, to ~ comfortably vi. aquptaaq-.

sit, to ~ downsit, to ~ down vi. aquvit-.
sit, to ~ down ( arms inside one's parka)

slap, to ~vi.

quäaluktuaq-.

sit, to ~ down cross-legged vi. saqpiáuktaaq-.
sit, to ~ down on a chamber pot vi. kiñi-.
sit, to ~ on floor cross-legged vi.
qaliàiiksimaaq-;
vi. saqpiáuksi-;
vi. saqpiáuksimaaq-;
vi. sitchuqsimaaq-.

sit, to ~ on floor with knees raised and feet flat on
floor vi. kanagaqsimaaq-.
sit, to ~ on someone's lap vi. saàliaqsiq-1.
sit, to ~ propped up vi. niviqsimaaq-.
sit, to ~ with legs crossed at the knees vi.
qaapaaksimaaq-.

sit, to ~ with legs outstretched on a flat surface
vi. sitchuq-.

situate, to ~ vt. inillak-.
six
n. itchaksrat.
six at cards n. kuuk (2);n. kuukauraq.
n. akimiaq atausriq.
n. piñasrukipiaq;
n. piäasukipiaq (C).
size, to have a ~ vi. aktigi-.
sizzle, to ~ vi. sikaala- (1).
skate, to ~ vi. quasriraq-.
skeletonn. saunàich (1).
skidn. tatmigutaq.
skid, to ~ vi. saiáài- (1).
skill
n. savayuâiq.
skilled, to be ~ vi. iqinnait-;vi. sanatu-.
skilletn. siáaavyiun;n. siqanàun.
skin, animal ~ n. amiq (1).
skin boatn. umiapiaq.
skin, caribou ~ with new hair n. saggaq (2).
skin, caribou summer ~ n. saggatchiaq.
skin, chapped ~ n. iligrak (1).
skin cover n. amiq (3).
skin cream n. uqsruqtiàun (1).
skin discoloration at birthn. tigluäniq.
skin (for making clothes) n. nalaunniq.
skin for project n. amiksraq (1).
skin, hairless ~ n. utniq.
skin, hairless ~ after soaking n. urraq (2);n. utraq (2).
skin, left to 'rot', so hairs can be removed n.
utitchiaq.
skin (of human) n. uviñiq.
skin pants, long ~ n. mamàuuk.
skin, piece of dried ugruk ~ n. ugrugaviñiq.

sixteen
sixty

skin, protective ~ n. sigraaq.
skin remainder n. amiakuq;
n. amiku.

skin, removed from carcass n. aaktaq.
skin, scorched ~ n. utiniq (2).
skin, staked to the ground n. iññiaqtaq (C);n. pauktaq.

skin stretcher n. niiãaqtaq.
skin, thin caribou ~ n. saggaq (1).
skin, to ~ an animal vt. aak- (C);vt. amiiq-;
vt. amiiqsi-;
vt. iqquli-;
vt. nayuk-.

skin, toe ~ of a caribou n. isik.
skinned animal n. amiiqsaq.
skinning knife n. aagun;n. aaksiñ;
n. iqquliñ.

skinning, place for ~ animals n. amiiqsivik (2).
skinny animal n. pannaq.
skinny person n. pannaq.
skinny, to be ~ vi. pannau-.
skinny, to become ~ vi. pannayasi-.
skin-sewing needle n. quagrulik (1).
skip, to ~ a stone vt. kuvri- (2).
skirt
n. yuukaaq.
skirt, pleated ~ n. avavsiáauraq (C).
skirt, to ~ vt. naäaq- (1);vt. uäatqut-.

skirt, to ~ a house with snow vt. sau- (3).
skirting, snow ~ (for insulation) n. sau.
sky
n. qiáak (1);n. siáa (2).

sky, clear ~ n. allaàniq.
skylight
n. igalaaq (C) (1);n. igaliq (1).
n. qaaluk.
vi. qasuäa- (2);vi. qasruäa- (2).
slack, to become ~ vi. qasu-;
vi. qasui-;vi. qasru- (2).
slander, to ~ vt. agak-1;
vt. saäut-;vt. uqamaqâuuti-.
slanted eyes, to have ~ vi. qiluäa- (1).
slanted, to be ~ vi. iquäa-;
vi. qiluäa- (2).
slant-eyed person (derogatory term) n.
qiluqaaqiuq.
slap, to ~vt. iqsraaq-;
vt. patik-1;
vt. patiksi-;

slab of a treeslack, to be ~392

slap, to ~ against (of water)sliversleeping bag
n. puuksraaq.
sleeping bench next to inside wall n. igáiq;

vt. pattak-.

slap, to ~ against (of water) vi. qasaqtaq-;
vi. qasraqtaq-.

slap, to ~ on the buttocks vt. iqquaq-.
slap, to ~ with its tail (of beaver) vi. mapkutit-;

vt. siqiãhatit-.
slapped, to get ~ vi. patiktit- (2).
slat
n. apummaaq (C).
slaughter, to ~ vt. tuqqutaksraq-.
slave
n. savaktaaàruk.
slave, to become a ~ vi. savaktaaàruksraq-.
slaveryn. tigutaaqsiuvik (1).
sled bagn. aquàun.
sled brake n. kinatagun.
sled brake, to use a ~ vi. kinatak-.
sled building frame n. asiàvik;n. asriàvik.
sled, child's ~ n. uniaqhaurat.
sled deern. unirraun.
sled, for hauling a boat n. umiurautit.
sled, for hauling a qayaq n. qammutit (2).
sled, freight ~ n. uniat.
sled, front part of a ~ n. asiàñiq;n. asriàñiq;n. asriutaq;
n. sivuàun (1).
sled, hand ~ n. qamugaurat.
sled hitch n. qimuutaq.
sled hook n. akikaun;
n. akititaun.
sled, load area on a flat ~ n. paamàuat.
sled, place to stand on ~ runners n. qichaaàvik;n. qikaaàvik.
sled railing (guard or support) n. qutqaaq.
sled runner n. aglu (1);n. agluviñiq (1).
sled runners n. apummaak (C).
sled runners, pair of ~ n. sikkuk.
sled, small ~ without handles n. qamugaurat.
sled, to make a ~ vt. unnii-.
sled, to push a ~ vt. kaimàuaq- (C);vt. kaiváuaq-.
sled, to push a heavy ~ vt. kaimäuàaq- (C);vt. kaiváuk-.
sled, to use a hand ~ vi. qamuukkaâaaq-.
sleep, to ~ vi. siñik-.
sleep, to ~ in vi. nalaqâuk-.
sleep, to ~ in another's house vi. siñiktaq-.
sleep, to ~ it off
vi. nakuqsitchiq- (2).
sleep, to ~ lightly vi. itiya-;vi. qavaäa-.
sleep, to be on the verge of ~ vi. siñigniuraaq-.
sleep, to go back to ~ vi. siñiktukkatqik-;vi. siqutqik- (2).

393

n. kivalliq (2).

sleeping pill n. siñguänaq;n. siñiänaq.

sleeping place n. siñigvik.
sleepwalk, to ~ vi. itivli-.
sleepy, to be ~ vi. iqianniuq-;

vi. siñiänialiq-;
vi. uiñàaq-.
sleepy, to become ~ vi. uiñàaliq-.
sleet
n. misulik.
sleeven. aiq (C);n. asiq.
sleeve cuff n. aiàun.
sleeve, to put one's arm into a ~ vi. asiq-1 (1).
sleeves, to put one's arms into a ~ vi. aiq-.
slender person n. amiãhuyuk;n. amisuàaluk.
slice, to ~ vt. avgui-;vt. avguq-.
slice, to ~ a strip of skin vt. kittaq-.
slicer (knife) n. avguun.
slide
n. sisu.
slide, to ~ vi. aksrak- (2);vi. saiáài- (2);vi. sisu-.
slide, to ~ (of pants) vi. niäi- (1).
slide, to ~ (of snow/earth) vi. sisuuk-;vi. uukkaaq- (2).
slide, to ~ on a slippery surface vi. quasriraq-.
slides (photos) n. qiñiqtuaq (2).
sliding sled n. sisuraàautit.
sliding, to be ~ (on snow)
vi. sisuàaaq-;
vi. sisuqhaaq- (C).
slimy, to be ~ (of fish) vi. nivguq-;
vi. yuvàuq-.
slingn. itlu.
slingshot
n. illuutik;
n. itluutik.
slip, to ~vi. qayuiããak-;vi. quayaqit-;
vi. quiyaqit-;
vi. saiáài- (1).
slip, to ~ from one's hands vi. pisrqhi-.
slip, to ~ off vi. kiviáiq-1;
vi. sipiksaq- (1).
slip, to ~ out of sight vi. pula- (1).
slippery, to be ~ (of fish) vi. piak- (1).
slippery, to become ~ vi. quiyaànaqsi-;
vt. piaksi- (2).
slipshod, to be ~ vi. iksaluk-;vi. iksaâuk-.
sliver
n. qauqqun.

slobber, to ~smooth, to be ~slobber, to ~vi. quàliaq- (1).
slop bucket n. kuviàaàvik (1);smeared, to be ~ vi. miñugluk-.
smell
n. naggiñ;

slop, to ~ oneself vt. miñaq- (2).
slope
n. isiviäaaq;smell, to ~n. kuviqpik (C).

n. katchiruaq.

slope, mountain ~ facing the sunslope, steep ~ n. mayuàiaq.
slope, to ~ gently vi. isimäaaq-.
sloppy, to be ~ vi. ikkaäa-;

n. maniäñiq.

vi. iqqaâuk-;vi. itchaäa-.
sloppy, to have ~ hair vi. nuyappik-.
slosh, to ~ vi. imaqpaluk-.
sloughn. kuugaatchiaq;
n. tunuunaàun.
slow, to ~ vt. inavài- (2);vt. unavài- (2).
slow, to ~ growth vt. nagguviksraiq-.
slow, to be ~ vi. kayumäit-;vi. piñatchiaq-;
vi. pipikait- (1);vi. sukait-;vi. uimait-.
slow-witted, to be ~ vi. puqiit-.
sluggish, to be ~ vi. annagusimaaq-;
vi. kayumäit-;vi. pipikait- (1).
slush icen. mittu;
n. muàalliq.
slush ice (caught in net) n. iááauraq.
slush ice, chunks of ~ n. qinu.
slush ice, to form ~ vi. qinu-.
slush on young salt water ice
n. misaâhak (1).
slush, to ~ vi. imaqpalliq-.
slush (waterlogged snow) n. misrak (1).
slushy, to be ~ vi. misak-.
sly person n. itquànaiáaaq.
sly, to be ~ vi. pisaasuu-;
vi. pitqik- (2).
small, it is too ~ excl. utukkuu.
small of back (lumbar curve) n. tapsiñiq (2).
small, to be ~ vi. miki-.
small, to be too ~ (of clothes) vi. tattuq- (2).
small, to feel ~ vi. taàutuit-.
smaller, to become ~ vi. mikâi-.
smart, to be ~ vi. puqik-;vi. puqiksaaq-.

smash, to ~ (hand in doorway, boats in narrowpassage) vi. quààuti-.
smear
n. miñugluk.
smear (of oil) n. uqsriññiq.
smear, to ~ vi. piàuaq-;
vt. miñuk- (1).

n. tipi.
vi. kuniksaq-;
vt. nagi-;
vt. naàiuq-;
vt. nai-.
smell, to ~ bad vi. mamaqsuäniq- (1).
smell, to ~ good vi. mamaq-;
vi. tipraàik-.
smell, to ~ like a rutting seal vi. tiggaänit-.
smell, to ~ like urine vt. itiàuqsuänit-.
smell, to ~ strong vi. mamait-.
smell, to have a ~ vi. iáusruäniáiq-.
smell, to have no sense of ~ vi. naggisait-.
smell, to have the ~ of burnt food vi. niviuànit-.
smells bad! (exclamation) excl. aqqaa.
smelly feet, to have ~ vi. isigagluk-.
smelly, to get ~ (of rotten meat) vi. tipliq-.
smelt, rainbow ~ n. aämaksraq (C);n. iâhuaàniq.
smile, person with friendly ~n. iglaäaaàiksuaq;n. iglaäaaq.
smile, to ~ vi. iglaàusuk-;vi. iglaäa-.
smile, to ~ habitually vi. iglaàusruk-.
Smith's longspur n. putukiiãukpak.
smoke, cloud of ~ n. avyuq (C) (2).
smoke from chimney n. puyuq (1).
smoke from insect repellent powder n. puyuq(1).
smoke (of fire) n. isiq (1);n. itchiq (C).
smoke, thick ~ n. itchialaruaq.
smoke, to ~ vt. itchiqsit-.
smoke, to ~ a cigarette vi. sikaaq-.
smoke, to ~ a pipe vi. sipquqtaq-.
smoke, to ~ a tobacco pipe vi. supuqtaq-.
smoke, to ~ heavily vi. sigak-;vi. sikaaâallak-.
smoke, to ~ (of a fire or chimney) vi. puyuq-.
smoke, to ~ (of fire) vi. itchiala-.
smoke, to ~ tobacco vi. tauàaaqiq-.
smoke, to become filled with ~ vi. isiqsi-.

smoke, to make ~ (with mosquito repellent
powder) vt. putchiq-2.
smoky fire, to have a ~ as protection against
mosquitoes vi. puyuqâuk-.
smoky, to be ~ vi. isiq-;
vi. isiqsi-.

smooth and straight item n. qaiq.
smooth ice n. quasiraq.
smooth, to be ~ vi. niàummaq-;
vi. piak- (1);394

smudgesocksnow, hard crusty ~n. siááiq;n. sitáiq.
snow, light ~ n. aqiáuq.
snow, melting ~ n. auksalaq.
snow pants n. kamikâugruak.

vi. qaiq- (1);vi. qivliqtaq-.
n. puyuq (2).

smudgesnag at the bottom of a river n. naktaànaq.
snagged, to be ~ vi. naat-.
snagged, to become ~ vi. naktit-1.
snail
n. iviáuq (2);snow shelter (of blocks, covered with a tarpaulin)

n. uviáu;
n. uviáuq.
snake
n. nimiàiaq.
snap, to ~ vi. mapkuluk-.
snap, to ~ (a whip) vt. mapkuqtit-.
snap, to ~ in two vi. kiktuàaq-.
snap, to ~ with noise vi. siquttit-.
snare for caribou n. nigaq (2).
snare for small game n. nigatchiaq (1).
snare, to ~ using a spring trap vt. paksruksaq-.
snare, to use a ~ n. nigaqtuq-;
vi. nigatchiaqtuq-.
snarl, to ~ vi. ugiaq-1.
snarl, to ~ before biting vi. ugiatla-.
snatch, to ~ vt. aatnik-2 (1);
vt. nusruk-2.
sneeze, to ~ vi. papit-;
vi. tagiuq-.
sniff, to ~ vt. naàiuq-.
sniffle, to ~ vi. niuàmik-.
snipe, common ~ (Wilson's snipe) n. kuukukiaq.
snippet of parched meat n. qaaluku.
sniw bank n. qimuagruk.
snoop, to ~ around vi. pakaqtu-.
snore, to ~ n. qamäui-.
snort, to ~ vt. imiàaqsi- (2);vt. imiqsiñik- (3).
snout
n. sigguuk (C) (1);n. siyyuuk;
n. umilàuq (1).
snow
n. aniu;
n. apun.
snow bank n. aniuvak;
n. apitchiq (C) (1).
snow bank, to be covered by a ~ vi.
qimuagruk-.
snow blind, to become ~ vi. illuk-.
snow blindness n. illukniq.
snow cliff n. aluktinniq (C).
snow condition, good ~ for sledding n. piaänaq.
snow, covering open water on ice n. mitaiáaq (2).
snow, entering through a crack n. sisit.
snow, falling ~ n. qanik.
snow, fresh powder ~ n. nutaàaq (1).
snow, glazed ~ n. qiqsruqqaq.
snow goggles with narrow slits n. illuksiutik.
snow, granular ~ n. pukak.

395

n. killiàun.

snow shirt, white hunting ~ n. qatiànisi.
snow shoe rabbit n. ukalliuraq.
snow slide n. sisuuk.
snow, soft ~ n. aqiáuqqaq (1);n. maquyak (1).

snow, to ~ vi. qanik-.
snow, to ~ slightly vi. qanikula-.
snow, to ~ very softly vi. kanàala- (3).
snow, to ~ with large flakes vi. qanigruaq-.
snow, to have light ~ on one's ruff vi. muqâuk-.
snow, very soft ~ n. miáik.
snow, wet ~ n. aqayak (2);n. maquyak (1).
n. amauligaq;
n. amauâigaaluk;n. amautlikkauraq;
n. nuäaktuaàruuraq (1).
snowblink in January n. qaupaaqsaaq.
snow-covered, to be ~ vi. apima-;
vi. apiäa- (C).
snow-covered, to become ~ vi. api-.
snowdrift n. aniuvak;
n. apitchiq (C) (1);n. qimuagruk.
snowdrift, to be covered by a ~ vi. apitchiq-.
snowflake n. qanik.
snowmobile n. aputikuaàun.
snowshoe n. taglu.
snowshoe hare n. ukalliq.
So it is!
excl. uvva-liqaa.
so what!
excl. suva-mi-uvva.
soak, to ~ vt. aàitchiaq-;
vt. immit-;
vt. kiñit-.
soak, to ~ in brine vi. taàiutchii-.
soak, to ~ (of leather) vi. pulauq-.
soak, to ~ oneself vt. kiñitchiq-1 (1).
soak, to ~ through vi. sitchiq-.
soak, to ~ with oil vt. uqsrit-2.
soaked, to become ~ vi. imaàuq-.
soap, bar of ~ n. iqaqqun;
n. miullaq.
soar, to ~ with wings outstretched vi. siáiagaq-.
sob, to ~vi. maliktuq-;
vi. qiasukkisaq-.
sober, to suddenly become ~ vi. qauàriñiqãak-.
sockn. aliqsi (1);snowbird

sock, fur ~sort, to ~n. atullaaq (C).

sock, fur ~ n. atullapiaq.
sock (store-bought) n. sitaakiq.
sock, waterproof n. atutraq.
socks, pair of ~ n. atutik.
socks, short heavy ~ n. piñiàaq (2).
sod (for house building) n. ivruq.
sod house n. ivrulik.
sod house, ancient ~ n. iñuniaàvigruaq (2).
sod house, the edge of a ~ n. killiàruaq.
soda
n. imiàaaq.
soft and deep, to become ~ (of snow) vi.
mauyaliq-.

soft and powdery, to be ~ (of snow)vi.
tuvliàaànaaq-.
soft area
n. aqiáàuq.
soft drink n. imiàaaq;n. misuàuq (1);n. misruàuq.
soft drink, to drink a ~ vt. imiàaaq-.
soft part on willow tips (edible) n. natatqulaat (2).
soft snow, to walk through ~ vi. mauyaànaq-.
soft spot
n. aqiáuqqaq (2);n. maquyak (2).
soft spot (in snow or dirt) n. mauya;n. mauyaànaq.
soft, to be ~ vi. aqit- (1);vi. niàummaaqtuq-;
vi. qitut-.
soft, to be ~ (of deep snow or soft sand) vi.
mauyaqiñaq-.
soft, to be ~ (of hide) vi. qituk-.
soft, to become ~ vi. aqigái-.
soften, to ~ a hide vt. qitummaksi-.
soil, to ~ with soot vt. paullit-.
soil, to perceive the scent of ~ vt. nunasruäniq-.
soiled spot n. puyyiáuktaq.
soiled, to be ~ vi. puyau-.
soiled, to become ~ vi. suqâak-.
sojournvi. tavranisugruk-.
soldiern. aäuyakti;n. aäuyyiaqtauq;
n. aäuyyiuqti.
sole
n. alaaq;
n. aluq.
sole of mukluk n. atuäak.
sole of rubber/leather boots n. tutnaaq (1).
sole, to ~ a mukluk vt. atuäak-.
solicitous, to be ~ vi. anayaktuaq-.
solid, to be ~ vi. payaäait- (1);vi. tuniqtu-;
vi. tutqik- (2).
solid, to become ~ vi. payaäaiq- (1).
solitaire, to play ~ vi. nalautchuàaq- (3).

solitary
pos.adv. ilaagun.
solitary, to be ~ vi. ilaaguq- (C).
some of ... base. iáa-2.
someday
adv. iáaannigu (C);adv. iáaatnigu.
vi. naparaàaaq- (1);vi. uivraluktaq-.
something black n. qiàñiqtaaq.
something furthest outside n. siáalliàuaq (1).
something green n. suäaaqtaaq;
n. suäauraaqtaaq.
somewhere adv. suqpani;
pos.adv. asiñun;
pos.adv. asriñun.
son
n. iàñiq.
son, to have a ~ vi. iàñinik-.
song
n. atuun.
song choice n. atuutiksraq.
song for a blanket toss n. nallukkataun (2).
song (motion dance) n. sayuun.
songbook n. atuutit.
songs, love ~ n. ninautit.
son-in-law n. niäauk.
son-in-law, the parent of one's ~n. nulliq.
sootn. paula.
soot, to soil with ~ vt. paullit-;
vt. paut-.
soot, to work with ~ vt. paulliqi-.
soothing lotion n. nanuluun.
sooty, to become ~ vi. paulaàuq-;vi. pauya-.
sore
n. ayuaq;
n. kiááiàruaq;
n. kiááiqãuk.
sore feet, to have ~ (of dogs) vi. qiáaiq- (2).
sore, to be ~ vi. anniya-;
vi. atniya-.
sore (without pus) n. kiááiq.
sorreln. quaàaq (1).
sorrel leaf, red stem of ~ n. nakautaq.
sorrowexcl. alakkaa! (1);excl. annaa;
excl. annii;
excl. araummaa! (C);excl. arii!;n. alianniuâiq;n. isumaaàun (C);n. isrumaaàun;n. kiñuvàun;n. kiäuvàun.
sorrow, to experience ~ vi. iiqsaluk- (C);vi. iâuiááiuq-.
sorry, to feel ~ vt. nunuuraq- (2).
sort, to ~vt. umiq- (2).

somersaults, to do ~

396

soul

spear with three prongs

soul

n. iñuusiq (C);n. iñuusriq.
soul, risen ~ n. aäiniq (C);n. aäiruaq.
souls, of the dead n. uivaqsaat (1).
sound blast n. imiak (C).
sound (e.g. of wind) n. siuàruäniq.
sound from an unseen source n. iàña;
n. nipi (2);n. sukpaluk.
sound, loud ~ n. iñuksruäniq.
sound (ocean inlet)
n. ikiq (C).
sound, the ~ of a gun n. mapqaqtuq.
sound, the ~ of an explosion n. mapqaqtuq.
sound, to ~ better vi. imiksi-.
sound, to make a ~ of rending cloth
vi. sikaala(2);vi. sikaatit-.
sound, to make a ~ (unseen source) vt. sukpaluk-.
sound, to make a creaking ~ vi. qikiàaqtaq-.
sound, to make a plunking ~ vi. chaqammutillak-.
sound, to make a popping ~ vt. mapkuq- (2).
sound, to make a small ~ vi. ittuk-.
sound, to make a splashing ~ vi. siqpitit- (2).
sound, to make its typical ~ (of animal) vi.
qalàuq-.
sound, to make the ~ of crashing ice vi.
ivuvaaluk-;vi. suvaluk- (2).

sound, to make the ~ of forming pressure ridges
vi. ivuaqpaluk-.

sounding line n. ititilaaàun.
"sounds like" encl. -liilaa.
sounds, to make ~ (when working) vi. suvaluk(1).
n. imiàauraq;
n. suu.
soup pot (dog's) n. alàun.
soup spoon n. aäalarrun (1).
soup, to make ~ vt. imiàarriuq-.
sour, anything ~ n. siiàáiññaq.
sour dock n. quaàaq (1);n. quäulliq.
sour, to be ~ vi. siiàáiññaq- (1);vi. siiàáuakaaànaq-;
vi. siiàñaq- (2).
sourcen. maqisaàvik.
source of enjoyment n. nakkun.
sourdough n. siiàñaqsiaq (1).
sourdough pot n. siiàñaqsiuvik.
sourdough, to make ~ vi. siiàñaqsirriq-.
south, from the ~ dem.adv. sakmakäa.
south, from the ~ (not visbile) dem.adv.
saämaääa (C).

soup

397

southwest, toward the ~ — uäatmun;
pos.adv. uatmun.

southwesterly, most ~ n. ualliq.
southwestern part n. ualiñiq.
souvenirn. paisaq.
sow, to ~vt. kanàaqsruq-.
sower
n. nautchirriqiri.
space
n. iááivik (1).
space next to something n. uäan.
space, the ~ in front n. sivuàaq.
spacious, to be ~ vi. initu-.
spacious, to make ~ vi. niàutuq-.
spank, to ~ vt. iqquaqtaq-;
vt. pattak-.

spark, to ~ vi. igniàuula- (C);vi. ikniqpalak-;vi. iknitchuala-.
sparkle, to ~ vi. qivliquula-.
sparrow
n. ikãiàvik (C) (2).
sparrow, golden-crown ~ n. qianaratuuq.
sparrow, savannah ~ n. aanaruiñ suliuqpa.
sparrow, tree ~ n. pisiqpisiqpiisrhaq.
sparrow, white-crowned ~ n. nuäaktuaàruk.
sparse, to be ~ vi. uvsiit- (1).
spasm, to stiffen from a muscle ~ vi. qiviq- (2).
spasms, to have ~ while asleep vi. qugluala-.
speak, to ~ vi. nipliq-;
vt. nipliuti-;
vt. uqauti-.
speak, to ~ a different dialect vi. uqaââuaq-.
speak, to ~ (after silence) vi. nipliááak-.
speak, to ~ badly vi. nipliñiqãuula-.
speak, to ~ frankly vi. kipinäusuk- (1).
speak, to ~ ill of vt. saäut-.
speak, to ~ in the Iñupiaq language vi.
iñupiuraaq-.
speak, to ~ out vt. aipallauti-.
speak, to ~ publicly vi. saavit- (C) (1).
speak, to ~ unclearly vi. uqayuit-.
speak, to ~ up vi. aipallak-.
speak, to ~ well vi. nipliayugaq-.
speak, to ~ with a foreign accent vi. uqaââuaq-.
speak, to ~ with a harsh voice vi. nivliñiàáuk-;vt. nipliñiqãuk-.
speak, to ~ with a loud voice vi. nipitusi-.
speak, to be authorized to ~ vi. uqaksrau-.
speak, to be unable to ~ vi. uqallait-;vi. uqatlait-.
speakern. uqaqti.
spear, big game ~ with barbs n. nauligaq.
spear, to ~ something vt. naulik-;
vt. pana-.
spear with three prongs n. nuiyaaqpak (2);n. nuyaaqpak;spear without barbs
n. unaaq (2).

spear without barbs n. pana (2).
spearhead, detachable ~ n. naulaq (2).
spearhead (of stone) n. siku2 (3).
speechn. uqaâiq (2).
speech, manner of ~ n. uqausiq;
n. uqqiq.

speech, soft ~ n. niàumik.
speed boat n. umiayauraq (1).
speed, to ~ up accidentally vi. kayummak-.
speed, to work at a steady ~ vi. kayummatit-.
spend, to ~ a lot of money vi. maniksuq-.
spendthrift n. uiviiáaq.
sphere, glass ~ n. qaumaluk (1).
spicen. avuuàun.
spice, to ~ vt. avu-.
spidern. aasivak;
n. aasrivak;
n. aasruak.
spider, black ~ n. akâauraq.
spider, small ~ n. nigrauàruk.
spiderweb n. kuvraq (2).
spill, to ~ vi. kuvi-;
vi. usiàaq-;vt. kuviàaq-.

spill, to ~ (of a non-liquid substance) vi. naavit-.
spilled liquid n. usiàaqtuàniq.
spin, to ~ vi. kaivit-;
vi. kaivraluk-;
vt. kaivraluktit-.
spinach, wild ~ n. quaàaq (1).
spinal cord, the ~ n. qitiàaq.
spine
n. kigapikkat;
n. kigipikkat;
n. kuyapikkat.
spine, the ~ of animals n. qimiàáuk.
spine, to have a curved ~ vi. tuttuuraäa- (2).
spinstern. iáaqatnigutlaiáaq;
n. uiágasruk;
n. uiáuaqtaq.
spiritn. ilitqusiq (C);n. ilitqusriq;
n. iáitqusriq;
n. irrusiq (C);n. irrusriq.
spirit, conjuring ~ n. qila;
n. qiáa.
spirit, evil ~ n. ilitqusiqâuk (C);n. ilitqusriqâuk;n. iáitqusriqâuk;n. paatuqtuq (1);n. tuunàaqtaq.
spirit, familiar ~ n. qila;
n. qiáa.

split, to ~ with difficulty
Spirit, Holy ~ n. qilallautaq.
spirit, shaman's helping ~ n. tuunàaq (2).
spiritual (good), to be ~ vi.

ilitqusiàiksualiqiruaq.
vi. agaayyutiqaq-;
vi. aäalatiqaqtuaq ilitqusiàiksuamun;
vi. irrusriàiksuaq-.
spirituality n. agaayyutiqaâiq.
spit
n. tivvuaq.
spit, to ~vi. uàiaq-1;
vt. tivvuaq-;
vt. tivvuq-;
vt. uàiaq-2 (1).
spittoonn. tivvuàviuraq;
n. uàiaqtuàvik.
splashn. imaqpalliq;
n. miñik (2).
splash, to ~ vi. imaqpalliq-;
vi. imaqsrula-;
vi. qipsagaala- (2);vi. siqi-;
vi. taqammuq-;
vt. siqigaq-;
vt. siqigautraq-.
splash, to ~ very hard vi. siqpitit- (1).
splash, to make a ~ vi. miñik- (2).
splashing sound (of a traveling boat) n. sivaniq.
splashing, to make a ~ sound vt. sivanaula-.
splatter, to ~vi. qipsalik-;vi. siqigaula-;
vt. siqiááak-.
splay-footed, to be ~ vi. saqpiäa-.
splice, to ~ rope vt. qulivraq- (C) (3).
splintn. kiksutaq.
splintern. qauqqun.
splinter of wood n. nukiqqut (2).
splinter, to ~ vi. qauq-.
splinter, to get a ~ in one's flesh vi. qauqi-;
vi. qauqit-.
split
n. quppak (1).
split item (fingernail or wood) n. makâaaq.
split lengthwise, to ~ vi. qupluq-.
split open, to ~ the belly of an animal vi. qupiq(1).
split, piece ~ lengthwise n. quppak (2).
split section of garment or skin n. sirraq.
split, to ~ vt. ikiaq- (1);vt. kaat-1;
vt. kaatchi-.
split, to ~ lengthwise vi. qupi-;vi. siik- (1).
split, to ~ one's pants vt. avit- (2).
split, to ~ with difficulty vi. qupsik- (1);vi. quvsik- (C).

spiritual, to be ~398

split, to be ~stained, to become ~ from being wet

split, to be ~ vi. kaat-2.
spoil, to ~ vi. asiäuq-;vi. asriäuq-;vi. mamaqsuäniq- (2);vi. maqu- (1);vi. miqut-;vi. pigiiáiq-;vi. piiñàiq-;vi. puvlak-1 (3).
spoil, to ~ (outside of meat) vi. kupsuk-.
spoiled item n. piiñàiqsaqtuaq.
spoiled, to be ~ vi. piiñàiqsima-;
vi. qaayuànaq- (1).
spoiled, to be ~ (food) vi. asiäuäa- (1);vi. asriäuäa- (1).
spoiled, to be ~ (of baby) vi. qiñunaq-.
spool
n. imuvik (2).
spoon
n. aluutaq (1);n. aluutaun (C).
spoon food (bite-sized bits) n. aluutaàaaq.
spoon for stirring food n. akurrun.
spoon, large ~ n. aluutaqpak;
n. qalluttaun;
n. qayuutaq.
spot
n. taqsraqtaq.
spot, the vulnerable ~ on mammals n. itiqsiñiq.
spots, red itching ~n. kumik.
spotted animal or insect n. iáaatqusriqsalik (2).
spotted enamel n. nauyaaq (2).
spotted seal n. qasigiaq;
n. qasrigiaq.
spotted, to be ~ vi. miñugluk-.
spousen. iáaqqan;
n. tuvaaqqan (2).
spout, to ~ (of a whale) vi. puvlak-1 (2).
sprain (painful wrenching of ligaments) n.
qiluqqiññiq;n. qiluqqiutaq.
sprain, to ~ a ligament
vt. qiluqqit- (2).
spread, to ~ vt. isivit- (1);
vt. nanuuti- (2);vt. siamit-;
vt. sivit-.
spread, to ~ one's legs vi. avlaak-.
spread, to ~ outward (of liquid) vi. qaamit-.
spread, to ~ over a surface (of liquid) vi. qaaptit-.
springn. kaäi (2);n. maqisaàvik;n. nivviaq;
n. suvliktuaàuraaq;
n. suvliktuaq;n. upinàaksraq.
spring caribou skin n. upinàaksralliq (1).
spring, mattress ~ n. isivruàaq.

399

spring, metal ~ n. isivruàaq.
sprinkle, to ~ vi. qipsalik-;vi. siqigaula-;
vt. siqiááak-.
sprinkle, to ~ liquid vi. siqiááaktiq-.
sprinkler
n. siqiááaktuun.
sprinkler, ~ n. siqiááakti.
sprucen. napaaqtuq.
spruce grouse n. ittuktuuq (1).
spruce gum n. kutchuq (1).
spurt, to ~ vi. suàmik-;vi. supuulauq-.
spurt, to ~ out vt. supuqhiaq-.
spy
n. takkuuqti.
spy, to ~vt. iriàaqtuq-;
vt. naipit- (1).
square (geometry) n. iqiràalik;n. kaäiàalulik.
squat, to ~ vi. kiñi-;
vi. qupsuk-;vi. qusruaq-.
squeak, to ~ vi. tiriqtaq- (1).
squeak, to ~ (door) vi. tiriquulauraq-.
squeeze, to ~ a trigger vt. pakik- (1).
squeeze, to ~ one's legs tightly vt. quumik-2.

squeeze, to ~ one's legs together (to keep fromurinating) vt. quumiraq-.
squint, to ~ vi. siquvyak-;vi. siquvyuk-.

squirrel, red ~ n. saqalataayiq.
squirt, to ~ vi. suàmik-.
stab, to ~vt. kapi-;

vt. savigaq- (3);vt. tuuq-.
stab, to ~ too far vi. kapputchauti-.
stablen. imuäavik.
stable, to be (emotionally) ~ vi. mamiit-;
vi. tuniqtu-.
stag beetle n. putuguqsiuyuk (1).
stage fright, to feel ~ vi. quu- (1).
stagger, to ~ vi. paallakataaliq-;
vi. sanipchaaq-;
vi. sanipkaaq- (2);vi. suniqaktuq-.
stainn. kipinniq;
n. miñugluk;n. taqsraqtaq.
stain, gray ~ (for coloring wood) n.
tuqsruàmiutaq.
stain, residue ~ of urine n. quàriñiq.
stain, to ~ vt. kipit-2.
stain, to ~ with oil vt. uqsrit-2.
stained, to be ~ vi. miñugluk-.
stained, to become ~ from being wet vi. millit-.

stair step
stair step
stairsstaken. tutmiàaq (4).
n. mayuàautit.
n. nappaqutaq (1);n. paugaq.
stake of wood for tying dogs n. pitugvik (1).
stake, tent ~ n. pauktuun.
stake, to ~ a skin to the ground vt. pauktuq-.
stake-guides into owl trap n. aäarrat (C).
stalk, to ~ game stealthily vi. nuyuit- (3).
stalk, to ~ seal vt. auq-.
stalk, to ~ silently vi. puyauq- (2).
stammer, to ~ vi. iptuàiq-.
stanchion n. kaiváuun;n. nappaàiaq (2).
stand, to ~ vi. qichaq-;
vi. qikaq-.
stand, to ~ around idly vi. qichaqtuaq-.
stand, to ~ firm vi. makitaaq-.
stand, to ~ immovable vi. makitaaq-.
stand, to ~ leisurely vi. qichaàaaq-.
stand, to ~ on end (of animal hair) vi. makâak- (1).
stand, to ~ on tiptoe vi. nikivraak-.
stand, to ~ out vi. nuima- (1);vi. qatchik-.
stand, to ~ up vi. makit-;
vi. nikivit-.
stand, to ~ up again vi. makitqik-.
stand, to ~ up quickly vi. makitiq-.
stand, to ~ up with a start vi. maksrik-.
stand, to ~ upright vi. napa-.
stand, to ~ with hands on hips vi.
taqtunaktisrimauraaq-.
standing place on sled runners n. qichaaàvik;n. qikaaàvik.
staplen. kakiutaq;
n. kakkiñ.
star
n. uvluàiaq.
stare, to ~ vi. qiñiàniaàugaaq-;
vi. qiñiqpak-;vt. iriàruiñaq-;vt. qiñiqsaàataq-.
stare, to ~ sternly vi. qiñiàruaq-;
vi. qiññaàluk-.
stars in constellation Orion n. uuyurat (2).
startn. akpirrun (1).
start, to ~ a fight vt. isaaâhiñaaq- (C);vt. isaksaâhiñaaq-.
start, to ~ a song vt. akpirruti-.
start, to ~ an action vt. isaguti- (C).
start, to ~ growing vi. nunaäiali-.
start, to ~ talking vi. uqqiq-.
start, to ~ upvt. aullaqsaq-.
starter rope n. aullaqsaun (C);n. nuqittaun.

step, to ~ onstartle, to ~ vi. qugluksaq-;
vt. qaallak-;vt. tupak-2.

startle, to ~ an animal inadvertently
vi. piñiàli-.
startled, to be ~ and feel faint vi. niàuvruk- (2).
startled, to be ~ awake vi. qipsi- (1).
starvation n. niàisuksiuâiq.
starve, to ~ vi. ii-1;
vi. kakkaaq-.

stay, place to ~ n. tukkumavik (2).
stay, to ~vi. it-;vi. itchaqtuaq-.

stay, to ~ behind vi. pai- (1).
stay, to ~ for a while vi. nayuqtuaq-1.
stay, to ~ for the night vi. nullaq-.
stay, to ~ home vi. pai- (1).
stay, to ~ in bed vi. nalaqâuk-.
stay, to ~ long time vi. itiqtuq-;
vi. ittuiñaq-.

stay, to ~ out all night vi. unnuiqi-.
stay, to ~ up all night vi. unnuiqi-.
stay, to ~ up late vi. pigaaq-.
stay, to ~ with vi. nayuq-.
stay, to ~ with in-laws vi. ukuakkit-.
stay, to ~ with others vt. nayuuti-.
stay, to have a place to ~ vi. tukkuqaq- (1).
steadfast, to be ~ vi. payaäaiq- (2).
steady, to ~ vt. akkiqsima- (2).
steady, to ~ oneself vi. ayapqutaq-.
steal, to ~ vt. aqtaq- (C);vt. tiglik-.

steal, to ~ someone's wife vt. nuliiq-2.
steal, to attempt to ~ vt. tiguniaq- (1).
steam
n. apyuq (1);n. avyuq (C) (1).

steam, to ~ vi. apyuq- (2).
steamboat n. uqsruuâuuraq.
steamern. ignilik (C);n. iknilik.

steel
n. saviãhaq.
steep rise (mountain) n. manigaaàaq.
steep, to be ~ vi. qutait- (1).
steer, to ~ a boat vt. aqut- (2).
stemn. kaäi (1).
stem, red ~ of sorrel leaf n. nakautaq.
stenchn. iáusruäniq.
step at entrance to sod house n. tutmiàaq (4).
step, high ~ (into a house) n. katagiaq.
step outside a house door n. tutiàiq.
step, to ~vi. apluq-;
vi. avluq-.

step, to ~ all over something vi. tutmaluk-.
step, to ~ into a hole or soft mud vi. mauliq-.
step, to ~ on vi. tutmaq-;400

step, to ~ uponstop, to ~stingy, to be ~ by nature vi. siqñatu-.
stingy, to be ~ with food vi. niqaääiu-.
stink
vi. tipaaq-.
stink, to ~ vi. tipitu-.
stir, to ~vt. akat-1 (1);

vt. tuti-.

step, to ~ upon vt. turvigi-.
step, to take a ~ vi. tutisraq-.
step, to take a bad ~ vi. tutniàluk-.
stepfather n. aapaksraq;
n. taataksraq.

stepmother n. aakaksraq.
stepping stone n. tutipkiq.
steps
n. mayuàautit;

n. tutipqich.
n. tutipkiq;
n. tutmiàaq (2).
sternn. aqu2 (1).
stern, to be ~ vi. attaànaq-;
vi. taluànaq- (1).
sternum
n. qayuutauraq;
n. sakiak.
stickn. anauraàaun;n. anauttaksraq (1).

stepstool

stick (for easy pulling after drying) n. qaulàun (1).
stickleback n. kakiááasak (1);
n. kakitáasak (1).

stick-pull, to play ~ vi. nuqittautraq- (1).
sticky, to be ~ vi. kupkanaq-;

vt. akut- (1);vt. aäalat- (1).
stir up, to ~ vt. aupiããak-2.
stirred up, to be ~ vi. aupiããak-1.
stirrern. akatchiri (1);n. aäalarrutiksraq (1).
stitchn. kiluk.
stitch (used in skin boats) n. amiàaq (C) (2).
stitches, item with uneven ~ n. kilugluk.
stockade (made of willows) n. saiàut.
stocking
n. aliqsi (2).
stoic, to be ~ vi. anuqsru-;
vi. manimmi-.
stomachn. aqiaàuq.
stomach ache, to have a ~ vi. narranäu-.
stomach, first ~ of caribou n. qisaàuaq;n. qisraàuaq.

stomach, hard covering of small ~ of caribou n.
tunusrisaq.

stomach pain, to have acute ~ vi. aqiaàunäu-.
stomach pain, to have chronic ~ vi. aqiaàuàiit-.
stomach, the ~ of caribou n. niàukaq.
stomach, the ~ of caribou (prepared as food) n.

vi. nipinnaq-.

sticky, to become ~ (of oil) vi. puyauq- (1).
sticky, to have something ~ on oneself vi.
kupkaluk-.

stiff, to be ~ vi. iqaq-;

niàukkiuqtaq.
n. iyaàak;n. uyaàak (1).
stone end of scraper n. kukik (3).
stone, flat ~ (for skipping) n. saatuquyak;
n. saatuviaq.
stone for flinging with slingshot n. illuun;n. itluun.
stone, red-hot ~ n. auma (2);n. aumaraq (2).

stonevi. qiààaq-;vi. tikkak-.
stiff, to become ~ vi. tikkaksi-.
stiff, to become ~ with cold vi. piàliq- (1).
stiffen, to ~ vi. igruq- (1).

stiffen, to ~ a birch-bark basket with willow
branches vi. sauniqsiq-.
stiffen, to ~ from a muscle spasm vi. qiviq- (2).
stiff-necked, to be ~ n. tiggak-.
still, to be ~ vi. iñuksruit- (2);vi. ittuaq-.

still, to be ~ (of weather) vi. quunniq- (2).
sting, to ~ vi. siiàñala-.
sting, to ~ (of an insect) vt. pauk-1.
sting, to ~ (of insects) vi. tuuqtiq-.
sting, to ~ (of soap or sweat in eyes) vi. qakiqsi-.
sting, to ~ (open skin) vt. qasiái- (2).
sting, to ~ (when medicine is applied) vi. suviu-.
stinger of insects n. iguun (2);n. kappuun;
n. puuqtuun.
stingy, to be ~ vi. anniqsraq-;vi. kuvsit-;vi. miàvigi-;
vi. siqña- (2).

401stone, soft white ~ (pulverized, used for tanning)n. maqqatlak.
vi. itikpalugiaq-;
vt. itiksraluaq-.
stoop
n. tutiàiq.
stoop, to ~ vi. imu- (1);vi. punäa-;
vi. put-;
vi. qumaq-.
stooped, to be ~ vi. napiäa- (1).
stooped, to be ~ from age vi. qumaäa-.
stooped, to become ~ vi. imuäasri-.
stooped, to become ~ with age vi. auàaäasi- (C);vi. napuäasri-.
stop, to ~ vi. aàiu-2;
vi. naasaaq- (1);stool, to spurt soft ~stop, to ~ along one's journeyvi. nuäit-;vi. nutqaq- (1);vi. piñaiáutaaànik-;vt. iñiq- (2);vt. nutqaqtit-;
vt. simik-2.

stop, to ~ along one's journey vi. tikiiááaa-.
stop, to ~ and rest vi. nutqiuq-.
stop, to ~ (of wind) vi. qaruq-.
stop, to be unable to ~ working vi. samiiq-.
stoppern. milik.
stopper cork n. simik (2).
stopping point n. killi.
stopping, to be a ~ point vi. killia-.
storage bag for hunting gear n. aààiññaq (C).
storage bags, filled ~ n. puuqtuqtat.
storage, cold ~ n. siàáuaq.
storage place n. tugvaqsivik;
n. tutquqsivik (1).
store
n. tauqsiàñiaàvik.
store keeper n. tauqsiàñiaqti.
store, to ~ vt. tugvaq-;
vt. tutquq-;
vt. tutquqtuq- (1).

store, to ~ a moistened skin (for a longer period)
vt. putchimaallaktit-;
vt. putchimapkapsaaq-.
store, to ~ between s.t. vt. ikiaqtit-.

store, to ~ blubber (winter provision) vt.
uqsrak-2.

store, to ~ food for future use

vi. niqausri-;vi. sunakki-;
vt. tuvraqtuq-.
storm
n. anuàiqâuk;n. aäniq.
storm hallway n. tuqsruk.
storm porch n. qanisaq;
n. qanitchaq.
storm, southwesterly ~ n. uäalaqâuk.
storm with flying snow n. apyuàruaq;
n. apyuuàruaq.
stormbound, to be ~ vi. aäniñäu- (C).
stormy, to be ~ and rainy vi. siáaqâuk-.
story
n. unipchaaq.
story, true ~ n. uqaluktuaq.
storyteller n. uqaaqtuaqti;
n. uqaluktuaqti.
stove
n. ikniàvik;n. uunnaqsaun.
stove pipe n. puyuàvik;n. tuqâuaq (1).
stovepipe elbow n. saqulupqutaq (2);n. saqupqutaq;
n. saquttaq.

stretch, to ~ to the limit
straight
adv. nalimun.
straight ahead, to point ~ vi. sivukkiq-.
straight, smooth and ~ item n. qaiq.
straight, to be ~ vi. nalàuu-;vi. siatqik-.

straighten, to ~ vi. sivukkiqsi-;
vt. nalautinniaq-.

straightforward, to be ~ vi. kiiñaàniq-.
straigthen, to ~ vt. nakiqsaq-.
strain, to ~ at harness vi. qiluqipak-.
strain, to ~ at one's chain or harness (of dog) vi.
kayuääiq-.

strain, to ~ the body vt. naäitit-.
strained, to have ~ one's eyes vi. nakuyanäu-.
stranded, to be ~ vi. kalivit-.
strange, to see something ~ vt. atlayuaài- (2).
strangle, to ~ vt. ipit-;
vt. qimit-.

strangled, one that was ~ n. qimisaq.
strap
n. nanmaun (1);n. natmaun (1).

straw
n. sanik (2).
straw (for drinking) n. iguun (1);n. millugaun;n. milluktuun.
strawberry n. tuunàaum asriaq (2).
stray, to ~ vi. saqsruaq- (2).
streamn. kuugauraq.
stream linking a lake to a river n. kuugaatchiaq.
strengthn. saääi;n. saääik;n. sayak (1).
strength, to build up one's ~ vt. sayyiq- (2).
strength, to gain ~ vi. sayyak-;vi. suaääak-.
strength, to use one's ~ vi. sii-.
strengthen, to ~ vt. saääit- (1);vt. sayaksraq-;
vt. sayyii-;
vt. sayyiq- (1).
stretch, to ~ vi. qiluuq-1;
vt. tasiqsruq- (C)2;
vt. tasirruk- (C);vt. tasit- (C).
stretch, to ~ a hide vt. iññiaq-2;
vt. ivaq- (2);vt. pauk-2.
stretch, to ~ one's arms vi. tasiqsruq- (C)1.
stretch, to ~ oneself vi. isiqsruq-.
stretch, to ~ out wings vt. isaaq- (C) (1);vt. israaq- (1).
stretch, to ~ over vi. qulaäiq- (1).
stretch, to ~ slowly
vi. tasiraàaaq- (C).
stretch, to ~ to the limit vt. qiluqqit- (1).

402

stretched, to be ~substitutestretched, to be ~ vi. tasi- (C)1.
stretched, to be ~ out vi. isivsalaq-.
stretcher for a net n. aiyaupiaq (3).
stretcher (for keeping a net wide) n. aiyaupiq;
n. ayaupiaq (3);n. ayaupiq.

striking tool (used as a hammer, e.g. rock)vi. kalivsiq-;
vi. kapputi-;
vi. nipit-.

stuck, to be ~ because of high winds (boat)

stretching, frame for ~ a pelt n. ivaàun.
strifen. atinàirrun;n. uumisuutiâiq.
strike, to ~ vt. tigluk- (1).
strike, to ~ a match vi. ikkutitchaq-.
strike, to ~ game vt. supputit-.
strike, to threaten to ~ vt. uuguyaaq-.

stubborn, to become ~ vi. ayuàit- (2).
stuck, to be ~ vi. kalipqit-;vi.

sapinàu-.

stuck, to be ~ because the way out is closed vi.
sapimmi-.

stuck, to be ~ between one's teeth vt. kupki-2.
stuck, to be ~ in a narrow space vi. tattuq- (1).
stuck, to get ~ vi. ikkalàit-;n.

vi. naktit-1;
vi. tattuqqit-1 (1).

stuck, to have ~ s.t. between one's teeth

kaugun.

stringn. akâunauraq.
string figure n. ayakhaaq;vi.

kupki-1.

n. itiquuraq (2).
string for instrument n. nuqaqti.
string for telling stories n. ayakhaun.
string of dried fish (6 or 8) n. uiyurat.
string of 20 fishn. nuvirat.
string, to make ~ vt. qipri-.
stringed instrument n. nuqaqtilik.
stringer, central ~ (on a sled) n. saiàuaq.
stringing fish, line for ~ n. nuvviñ.
strip of maktak and meat from the waist area of awhale n. tavsi (2).
strip of skin to be used for rope n. kilitaq;
n. kittaq.
striped item n. qupumualik.
striped, to be ~ vi. qupumualik-.
stripesn. qupumuak.
strive, to ~ to win vi. sakuugraq-.
stroll, to ~ vi. pisuaqtuaq-;
vi. pisruktuaq-.
strong, to be ~ vi. saääi-;vi. sayak-;vi. sayaktu-;
vi. siqquq- (1);vi. suaäa-.
strong, to be ~ (of wind) vi. suama-.
strong, to become ~ (of wind) vi. suammak- (1).
strong wind before a rain n. qiññauàruaq.
stronger, to become ~ vi. sayyaaàiksi-;
vi. sayyaktusriáaaq-.
struck, to be ~ by beauty vi. piññaqqiak-.
strugglen. saqiqqiãiq.
struggle, to ~ vi. payaäniuq-.
strut, to ~ vi. pisruvik-.
stubborn, to be ~ vi. aaäa-;
vi. pitchiàiiáaq-;vi. pitchiàiit-;
vi. sivutmuu- (1).

403

stuck, to have a bone ~ in one's throat vi. saunnit-.
stuck, to have food ~ between one's teeth vi.
kukkit-.

student
n. aglaktauq (1).
study program n. iáisaaksraq.
study, to ~ vt. iáisaq- (1).
stuff, to ~ vt. kaiváuq- (2);vt. kiviq-;
vt. tattuqqit-2.
stuff, to ~ full vt. tiääiqsi-.
stuffed, to be ~ full vi. tiääiq-.
stuffy nose, to have a ~ nose vi. uminäatchi- (1).
stuffy nose, to speak with a ~ vi. similàuaqsri-;vi. uminäatchi- (2).
stuffy, to be ~ vi. ipyanaq-;
vi. ivyanäunaq- (C).
stumble, to ~ vi. paasaaq-;
vi. putukkit-;vi. puukkaq-.
stumbling block n. avriaqqun;
n. putukkisaun;n. sapuqutaq.
stump
n. kikkaq;
n. mumiànak.
stun, to ~ vt. tuquanäuq-.
stung, to be ~ (by an insect) vi. tuuqtit- (1).
stutter, to ~ vi. iptuàiq-.
stymied, to be ~ vi. suquasiksrait-.
submerge, to ~ (of animals) vi. naluk-1 (1).
submerged, to remain ~ (fowl) vi. nakkaummi-.
submissive, to be ~ vi. piuniatlait-;vi. uqautisuànaq- (1).
subsist, to ~ vi. iñuuniaq-.
substitute n. palluàiitäutaq;
n. simmaun;
n. simmiáiun;n. simmiq;
n. simmiun;substitute, to ~n. upaluàiitkutaq (1).

substitute, to ~ vi. simmai-;vi. simmiuruaq-;
vi. simmiusriq-;
vt. simmausiq-.
subtract, to ~ vt. iáaäiq-2;
vt. iáaääak-.
succeed, to ~ vi. akpak- (C) (1).
succeed, to ~ another vi. simmiáiuti-.
successor n. simmaun;
n. simmiáiun.
such kind n. itnaqtiq;
n. itnasiq (C);n. taitñasiq.
suck, to ~ vt. iguk-;vt. milluaq-;
vt. miluk-;vt. uqummiaq- (1).
sucker fish n. milugiaq (1).
sucker, Northern ~ n. qaviqsuaq.
suckle, to ~ vt. amaamak- (C);vt. miluktit-.
suckling
n. miàaruuraq.
suddenlyadv. akkupaiñaq (C);adv. akkuvaiñaq;
adv. taimakäaaq;adv. taimmaiñaq;
adv. tarakäatchiaq;
adv. tarvaääatchiaq;
adv. tavrakäatchiaq.
suddenly, to happen ~ vi. qilamipiaàataq-.
suffer, to ~ vi. nagliksaaq-;
vi. nagrutchiq-.
suffer, to ~ from hunger vi. kaaksiu-.
sufferingn. nagliksaaqsiiãiq;n. naäititauâiq.
sufficient! excl. naama.
sufficient, to be ~ vi. inuäaiq-;
vi. naammak- (1).
sufficient, to have ~ supplies vi. naama-.
suffocate, to ~ vi. ipi-.
sugar
n. avu (1);n. qapsitaaq.
sugarless, to be ~ vi. avuiáaaq (2).
suggestible, to be ~ vi. maliksuaq-.
suicide, to commit ~ vi. tuqqutiq-.
sulfurn. kakavyaänaqtuaq;
n. mamaiáiaq.
sulk, to ~ vi. qiäaââuak-.
sulk, to ~ in bed vi. puâiäa-.
sulk, to cause someone to ~ vt. mamiatchak-.
sullen, to show displeasure by being ~ vi.
qiäaââuak-.
summern. auraq (K);

surface, to ~n. upinàaaq.

summer before lastn. upinàaatqik.
summer camp n. aurivik;
n. upinàaivik.

summer plumage of bird n. auralliq (2).
summer, present ~ n. auravak;n. upinàaavak.

summer skin of animal n. auralliq (1).
summer, to become ~ vi. upinàaaq-.
summer, to spend ~ time vi. auri-;vi. upinàai-.

summitn. nuvua.
summon, to ~ vt. itqu-;vt. qanniuq-2.

sunn. siqiñiq.
sunbeamn. siqiññaraaàuraq.
sunburnn. iligrak (1).
sun-burned, to get ~ vi. uut- (2).
Sundayn. minàuiqsiaàvik;n. minàuiqsiãiq (C);n. savaiãiq;n. savaiññiq (1).
sunshinen. siqiññaraaàuraq.
superficially, to work ~ vi. qaapiàuq-.
superior, to feel ~ vi. iqisruk-.
superiority n. nalaigiâiq.
supervise, to ~ vt. sivulliuq- (2).
supervision, person needing ~ n. munaqnaq;
n. qaunaknaq.
suppern. nullautchiãiq.
supple, to be ~ vi. iqait- (1).
supplicate, to ~ vt. qasiái- (1).
supplied, to keep ~ with water vt. imiqaqtit-.
supplies
n. suàautat (1);n. suàusrit (1).
supplies (for a trip) n. imaksraq (2).
supplies, needed ~ n. naammak.
supply, to ~ a wick for a lamp vt. ipiqqiq-.
supply, to ~ the means of subsistence vi. niqqak-.
supportn. makitati;n. nayummiuttaq.
support, to ~ vt. ayaksimaaq-;
vt. ayapiq-;
vt. makitat-;
vt. tugliáiq-;vt. tunulliáiq-.
support, to rally ~ vt. iññuk-2;
vt. iñunnak-.
supporter n. makitati.
suppose, to ~ vt. nalaut- (2).
sure, to be ~ vi. nalupqisrunàit-.
surfacen. qaa (3).
surface, to ~ vi. pui-;vi. qagvaq-1.

404

surgery, to perform ~swing, to ~surgery, to perform ~ vt. piáak- (2);vt. iisi-.

swallow, to ~ blubber (in a game) vt. iisuàaq-2.
swallow, tree ~ n. tulugaànauraq.
swamp
n. misaâhak (2);vt. piáaktuq- (2).
surmount, to ~ vi. akpak- (C) (2).
surpass, to ~vt. anak-;vt. iäiaq-;
vt. qaaäiq- (2);vt. qaaäiummati-2;
vt. qaaäiuti-;
vt. sivulik-.
surplusn. sippaku;n. sippaq (2).
surpriseexcl. aa2;
excl. alai! (1).

n. misrak (2).

swamp grass n. nakaat.
swamp grass, patch of ~ n. nakaaäuurut.
swamp, to ~ vt. ikuliq-2;
vt. immaut-.

swamped, to become ~ (of a boat) vi. ikuliq-1;
vi. qalluti-.

surprise (negative): "Wow!", "Look at that! excl.
maatnatarra.
vt. niàiunàiáaq-;vt. quviq-.
surprised, to be ~ vi. aupiãaq- (C);vi. quviàusruk-;vi. tupak-1.
surprised, to be ~ by people vi. iññuaàuti-.
surprised, to become ~ vi. quviàutchak-.
surrender, to ~ vi. nikatchak-.
surreptitiously, to act ~ vi. pitqiksiàaq-.
surround, to ~ vt. avat-;
vt. iáu-;vt. kaivraàusriq-;
vt. paa-2 (2);vt. puuq-.
surrounded, to be ~ vi. kaivraàutiqaq-.
surroundings n. avataa (1);n. avatiàun.
surroundings, immediate ~ of a house n. tupqum
siáataa.
survey tool n. nunniqqun (2).
survive, to ~vi. pitluk- (2).
survive, to help ~ vt. pitluuti-.
suspect, to ~vt. iáimagi-;
vt. iáimasuk-;vt. iáimasruk-;
vt. iáimatchak-.
suspend, to ~ vt. niviñaq-;vt. niviäaq-.
suspended, to be ~ vi. niäi- (2).
suspenders n. agluutak (1);n. iàrisik;n. natmautak.
suspicious, to be ~ vi. iáimanaq-;
vi. nalupqigi-;
vi. pasiñaq-1.
sustain, to ~ vt. iñuut-.
swallow, barn ~ n. tulugaànasrugruk.
swallow, to ~ vt. ii-2;
vt. iisaq- (1);surprise, to ~405

swampy, to be ~ vi. misak-.
swampy wet area n. imaqhaq (1).
swan, whistling ~ n. qugruk.
sway, to ~ vi. saquiqataq-;
vt. saquuq-.

sway, to ~ one's buttocks vi. iqquiqiraq-;vi. iqquuqiraq-.

sway, to ~ with the waves vi. qayaqhuiq-.
sway-back, to assume a ~ position vi. iqqiq-.
sway-backed, to be ~ vi. iqqiäa-.
swear, to ~ vi. suviaq-.
swear, to ~ (making a solemn declaration) vt.
akiqsruuti-.

sweat, to ~ vi. siiqsipkaq-;

vi. siiqsukkaq-.

sweat, to have a wet ~ vi. imautu-.
sweep, to ~ the floor vi. salikuq-;

vt. sanäiyaq- (2);vt. tilaàài-.
sweet, something ~ n. siiàñaqtaaq.
sweet, to be ~ vi. siiàáiññaq- (2);vi. siiàñaq- (1).
sweetheart n. piqatnaaq.
sweet-sour, to become ~ vi. siiàñit-.
swell, ocean ~ n. iäiulik.
swell, to ~ vi. iäiulik-.
swell, to ~ when cold (of lips) vi. sigguk- (2).
swelling (from exertion) n. siäutniq.
swelling on one's skin n. piäuksrak (2).
swelling on skin n. piäu (2);n. puvit.
swerve, to ~ vi. yuukiik- (2).
swift, to be ~ vi. saàvaaàik-.
swiftness
n. saàvalik.
swim, to ~ (of animals) vi. naluk-1 (1);vi. puimi-;
vi. puuvruq-.
swim, to ~ (of humans) vi. puuvraq-.
swing
n. aäilàisaun (C);n. aäiâhisaun.
swing, to ~ vi. aaâhuuq- (C);vi. aasrhuuq- (C);vi. aäaâhisaaq-;

swipe, to ~tankvi. aäilàisaaq- (C);vi. aäiâhisaaq-.
swipe, to ~ vt. aqtaq- (C).

swirl, to ~ and rise (of steam, dust, etc)

swollen gland, to have a ~ in the jowls vi.
qakiàluk-.

vi.

apyuala-.

swirl, to ~ around (e.g. feathers)
vi. tiqqala-.
swirl, to ~ (e.g. bubbles) vi. qalaula- (1).

swollen, to be ~ vi. puvit-.
swollen, to become ~ with air vi. puvliq-.
syllable (grammar)
n. taisaàniq.
syringen. kappugauraq.

T - ttabernacle (Bible: place of worship in thewilderness) n. ipqitchuaq

palapkaaq.
table
n. niààivik.
taboo, place under ~ n. iñuunaitchuaq.
taboo, to be ~ vi. agliànaq-.
tack
n. aaàlu (1);n. taiguraq.
tack, to ~vt. pituktuurallak-.
tag, to ~vt. aksik- (2);vt. aäuq- (2).
tag, to play ~ vi. aäuàaq-;vi. aäuàauraq-.
"tagger" in a game of ball tag n. quäuq (3).
tail (of animals) n. pamiuq.
tail, to wag the ~ (of dogs) vi. pamiààiáa-;vi. pamii-.
tailbonen. pamialuk (1);n. pamiaâuk;n. pamiuàayaaq.
tailed animal n. pamiulik (2).
tailor, to ~ vt. atnuàarriuq-.
tainted, to be ~ vi. qaayuànaq- (1).
take, to ~vt. piksraq- (2);vt. tigu- (1);
vt. tigusi-.
take, to ~ a blanket down vt. uliiq-.
take, to ~ all vt. tamatkiq- (1).
take, to ~ along vt. aullauti-;
vt. igliàuti-;
vt. kaluq-;
vt. taputi- (3).
take, to ~ away vt. piiq-1;
vt. piiyaq-.
take, to ~ by jealousy vt. aannik- (C) (2);vt. aatnik-2 (2).
take, to ~ care of vi. qaunagi-.
take, to ~ care of something vt. nayuqtuaq-2.
take, to ~ down a house vt. tupqiyaq- (2).
take, to ~ forcibly vt. tigu- (2).
take, to ~ inland vt. kiluvauti-.
take, to ~ off vi. tiäi-.
take, to ~ out vt. annisi-.

take, to ~ over vt. iqatchaq-;
vt. iqigitchaq-.

take, to ~ turns vi. akiaqtaaq-.
talkn. uqaaqtuutriãiq.
talk, to ~vi. uqaq-.
talk, to ~ about vi. uqaài-.
talk, to ~ at length vi. uqaksraqtu-.
talk, to ~ gently vi. uqauraq- (2).
talk, to ~ indecently vi. asiáiqi- (C);vi. asriáiqi-;
vi. piiñàiáiqi-;
vi. piuäiáiqi-.

talk, to ~ strangely because of one's stuffy nosevi. uminäatchi- (2).

talk, to ~ too much vi. uqaqpaktuq-;

vi. uqavaaâak-.
vi. asiáiqi- (C);vi. asriáiqi-;
vi. piiñàiáiqi-;
vi. piuäiáiqi-.
talk, to ~ with offensive boldness vt. upyak- (3).
talk, to be able to ~ vi. uqalgu-.
talk, to be easy to ~ to vi. uqautisuànaq- (2);vi. uqayunaq- (1).
talk, to make someone ~ vt. uqaqtitaq- (1).
tall, to be ~ vi. iñugaqtu- (1).
tallow
n. tunnuuk.
tallow, piece of ~ n. tunnuviñiq.
tame, to ~ an animal vt. ayuàisaq- (C) (1);vt. ayuàisraq- (1);
vt. nuyuiqsaq- (1).
tame, to be ~ vi. nuyuit- (2).
tamed, to be ~ vi. nuyuiq- (2).
tan, to ~ a hide vt. ichuk-;
vt. ikuk- (C) (1);vt. qitummai-;vt. qitummak-;vt. qitummaksi-.
tan, to get a ~ (of people) vi. siáali- (1).
tanglen. iááaäniq.
tangled, to be ~ vi. naat-.
tangled, to become ~ vi. naasaaq- (2).
tankn. taigruaq.

talk, to ~ unsuitably406

tanner

temptationtanner
n. qitummairi.
tanning mixture n. imaàun;

tear
n. qulvi.
tear, to ~vt. alik- (1).
tear, to ~ apart with the teeth vt. kigiq-.
tear, to ~ down vt. siqumit-;

n. imaqsiñ.

tanning, to be ready for ~ vi. iqsuq-1.
tap, to ~vt. kikmik-.
tape recorder n. qatraiàun.
tapeworm n. kumak2.
targetn. naksiàaq;

vt. suqumit-.

tear, to ~ off food vt. maäiaq-2.
tear, to ~ up vt. siqupsi-.
tease, to ~ vt. aavri- (C);n. pisiksuàaq;
n. siksuàaq.
tarp
n. akivik (1);n. quliàun.
tarp, protective ~ n. sigraaq.
tarpaulin
n. kalikuàruaq.
tarry, to ~ vi. taqqi-;
vi. utaqqi-.
tart, to be ~ vi. siiàáiññaq- (1);vi. siiàáuakaaànaq-.

tart, to taste ~ or sour or sweet vt. siiàáuakaaq-.
taste, to ~ vt. uuk- (2);vt. uuksi-;
vt. uuktuaq- (2).
taste, to ~ bad vi. mamait-.
taste, to ~ good vi. mamaq-.

taste, to ~ like a rutting seal vi. tiggaänit-.
taste, to ~ like seal oil vi. uqsruaànit-.
tattered, to be ~ vi. aligaq-.
tattle, to ~ vt. quliaq- (2);vt. uqaqtu-.
n. uqaqtu.
n. iqiàun;
n. kakiñiq;
n. tupik.
taunt, to ~ vt. iñukâuqutaq-;
vt. uqaksraqtuti-.
taut, to be ~ vi. nuqaq-;
vi. qiluqqi-.
tea
n. saiyu;
n. tii.
tea canister n. tiiqaàvik.
tea kettle
n. saiñik.
tea leaves n. yuuqaksraq.
teach, to ~ vt. iáisauti-;
vt. iáisautri-;
vt. urriqsuq- (2).
teachern. aglakti;n. aglaktitchiri;n. iáisautri.
teachingn. iáisauttun;n. iáisauttusiaq.
teaching tool n. arrikusaun (C);n. atrikusaun.
teapotn. saiyutuàvik;n. tiiliuàun.

tattletale
tattoovt. agak-2 (2);vt. aliuqsri-;
vt. aäniqsruq- (C);vt. aqak- (C)2;
vt. iáaààisi-;
vt. iááuài-1;
vt. iááuqsruq-;
vt. kipakâiq-;vt. maagri-;vt. papri-;
vt. pisaayugaq- (2);vt. piyuk- (2);vt. sanmiraq-;
vt. uqaksraqtuti-;
vt. uumisaaqâiq- (2).
tease, to ~ a dog vt. mayualik-2.
tease, to ~ jokingly
vi. nakkutigi-.
teasern. uumiñaq.
teeth, false ~ n. kigutiääuat.
teeth, person without ~ n. kigutaiáaq.
teeth, to brush one's ~ vt. kigutigiksaq-.
teeth, to have good ~ vi. kigutigiksaaq-.
teethe, to ~ (of a baby) vi. kigusi-.
telephone n. uqaqsiun;n. uqautitaun.
telescope
n. tuqâuaq (2).
tell, to ~vt. uqauti-.
tell, to ~ a story vt. quliaqtuaq-;
vt. uqaaqtuaq-;
vt. uqalugaaq-.
tell, to ~ lies habitually vt. sagluuqtuaq-.
tell, to ~ others of one's desires vt. qasriái- (2).
tell, to ~ (tall) stories vt. mitaaq-.
temper, to ~ vt. aäisit- (C);vt. siqquqsipkaq-.

temple (Bible: place of worship in Jerusalem)
agaayyuvikpak.
temple (of eyeglasses)n. aglu (2);n. agluviñiq (2).
temporal bone n. igurvik.
tempt, to ~ vt. aäiqusaaq-;
vt. ikãigusaaq-;
vt. kaviuàuksaaq-.
temptation n. aäiqusraaqsiiãiq;n. aäiqusrautiksraq;
n. ikãigutchaun;

407

n.

tempted, to be ~n. ikãisaaàun;n. kaviuàuksaun;
n. piyuaqqun (2).
tempted, to be ~ vi. aäiqusraaqsii-;
vi. ikãigutchak-;
vt. kaviuàutchak-.
tenn. qulit.
ten (at cards) n. qulilik.
ten dollar's worth n. qulitun.
tender, to be ~ vi. anniya-;
vi. atniya-;vi. qitut-.
tender, to be ~ to the touch vi. aksiyasi-.
tenderize, to ~ vt. aqigáipkaq-;
vt. aqiáitchiq-.
tenderloins n. taqtunnak;
n. uliusiñaak;n. uliutik.
tendonn. nukik.
tense, to ~ up vi. manäaiqsruq-;
vi. siqquqsi- (1).
tense, to be ~ vi. siqquqsima-;
vi. tupinäa-.
tent
n. palapkaaq;
n. panapkaaq;
n. tupiq (2).
tent cover (of canvas) n. itcha1.
tent cover (of caribou skins) n. itchat.
tent floor, to replace the ~ vi. alliatchiaq- (C);vi. atliatchiaq-.
tent flooring (of branches) n. atliaq.
tent frame (for winter)
n. itchalik;n. qanaich.
tent frame, hut-shaped ~ n. qaluuàviich.
tent matn. alliatchiaq (C);n. allirrat;
n. atliatchiaq;
n. atlirrat.
tent peg
n. paugaq.
tent pole
n. ayak (1);n. qanak;n. tupqutaq.
tent post
n. qilluvik.
tent ropen. qilu (1);n. qilutaq.
tent, to make a ~ vt. tuppiuq- (1).
tent, to raise a ~ vi. palapkarriq-;
vt. tupiq-.
tent wall, covered with grass n. killiàruaq.
tenth, the ~ part n. quliääuàutaat.
terify, to ~ with noises vt. tatavrualatchi-.
term
n. taggiñ (1).
terrible, to be ~ vi. sivuuàanaq-;
vi. tatamnaq-.

That's how it was in the old days!
test
test, to ~n. uuktuaàun.
vt. uuk- (1);vt. uuktuaq- (1).
testament n. atchiàñiq (1);n. atchiiñiq (1).
testicles
n. igruuk.
testify, to ~ vi. iáisimarau-;
vt. quliaqtuaq-.

testimony, to give a ~ of praise vi. quyallak-.
thank, to ~ vt. quya-;
vt. quyyati-.
excl. quyanaq;
excl. taikuu.
thankful, to become ~ vi. quyatchak-.
thanks, to deserve ~ vi. quyanaq-.
thanks, to give ~ vi. quyallak-.
thanksgiving n. quyyavik.
that one across there dem.pron. agna (C);dem.pron. akimna;
dem.pron. aäna;dem.pron. igña (C);dem.pron. ikña.
that one back there dem.pron. pamna;
dem.pron. piñña.
that one down there dem.pron. kanna;dem.pron. samna;
dem.pron. unna.
that one in front dem.pron. samna;
dem.pron. unna.
that one in the past dem.pron. imña.
that one inside there dem.pron. kimña;
dem.pron. qamna.
that one mentioned before dem.pron. imña.
that one out there dem.pron. kiäña;
dem.pron. qagna (C);dem.pron. qakimna;
dem.pron. qaäna.
that one out there in the entryway dem.pron.
sakimna;dem.pron. ugna (C);dem.pron. uäna.
that one over there dem.pron. amna;
dem.pron. iñña.
that one there dem.pron. taamna.
that one up there dem.pron. pakimna;
dem.pron. paäna;dem.pron. pikña.
that one upriverdem.pron. qamna.
that unknown one dem.pron. imña.
that way, do it ~ anyway! excl. taatnaunnii.
that's all
excl. tarra1;
excl. tavra1.
That's how it was in the old days! excl.
qaäaluqaa!

thank you408

that's rightthose out there

that's rightexcl. tarra1;
excl. tavra1.
thaw, to ~ vi. auksiaq-;
vi. manäuq- (1);vi. manäuqsi;
vt. auk-2;
vt. auksiq- (1).
thaw, to ~ an item vt. manäuqsiq-.

thaw, to ~ at the shore (in spring)
thawed area n. auktaq (2);thimble holder (in needle case) n. tikiqaàvik.
thin ice on lake or river (fall) n. sikuaq.
thin, to ~ a skin vt. maptukâi-.
thin, to be ~ vi. maptukit-;

vi. killiäiqsit-.

n. auktinniq.

vi. pannau-;
vi. piak- (2);vi. saat-;vi. taààit- (3).

thin, to be too ~ (of a layer) vi. saanaaq- (2).
thin, to become ~ vi. saagli-;
vi. saakâi- (1).

thawing, device for ~ n. auktuun.
thendem.adv. taimma;

encl. -li;
encl. -mi.
then: specific dem.adv. tarra2;
dem.adv. tavra (C)2.
there
dem.adv. taimma.
there, from ~ dem.adv. tarakäa;
dem.adv. tavraääa (C).
there, located ~ dem.adv. tarani;dem.adv. tavrani (C).
there: stationary/specific dem.adv. tarra2;
dem.adv. tavra (C)2.
there, through ~ dem.adv. taruuna;
dem.adv. tavruuna.
there, toward ~ dem.adv. taruäa;
dem.adv. tavruäa (C).
therefore
adv. taatnamik.
thermometer (for people) n. uunnaqâuksiun;n. uunnaqtilaaàun.
thermometer (for weather) n. irrisiun (C);n. itrisriun;n. siáasiun.
these here (plural) dem.pron. matkua;dem.pron. ukua.
these two here (dual) dem.pron. matkuak;
dem.pron. ukuak.
these two right there (dual) dem.pron. tamatkuak.
thick soup n. kiniqtuq.
thick, to be ~ vi. maptu-.
thick, to be ~ (of fur) vi. turàu- (1).
thick, to become ~ (of skin) vi. maksi-.

thick, to get a ~ feeling in the mouth (from acridfood) vi. qakkit-.
thickening agent (for food) n. kiniqsiáaaàun.
thicketn. qupsik (2);n. tikiàaq.

thief
n. tigligaqti.
thigh, inside of upper ~ n. quktuàaq;
n. quptuàaq.

thigh, upper ~ n. anautaq.
thighbone n. sipyaaq.
thimblen. tikiq (2).

409

thin, to become ~ (ice in spring) vi. sikugiiáiq-.
thin-bladed scissors n. salliñ.
thing
n. suàaliq;
thingsthink, to ~n. suuraq.
n. sunik;n. suurat.
vi. isuma- (C);vi. isruma-;
vt. isummiq- (C);vt. isrummiq-.

thinner area (e.g. ice, belly area) n. saalàuq.
third
n. piäayauti.
third finger n. miqilàuq.
third time n. piñatchiàñiàmi.
thirteenn. qulit piñasrut.
thirtyn. iñuiñaq qulit.
this one around here dem.pron. manna.
this one here dem.pron. una.
thistlen. kakitáaànalik.
thoraxn. qatigaaq.
thorn (of a plant, e.g. rose) n. kakiááaànaq (C)(2);
n. kakiááasak (2);n. kakitáaànaq (2);n. kakitáasak (2).

thorn, to get a ~ in one's flesh
vi. qauqit-.

those across there (plural)vi. qauqi-;

dem.pron. akipkua;
dem.pron. akkua;
dem.pron. ikkua.
those back there dem.pron. papkua;
dem.pron. pitchua;dem.pron. pitkua (C).
those down there (dual) dem.pron. katkua.
those down there, in front dem.pron. utkua.
those down there (not visible) dem.pron. sapkua.
those in the past (plural) dem.pron. ipchua;dem.pron. ipkua (C).
those inside there dem.pron. kipchua;dem.pron. kipchuak;dem.pron. kipkua.
those inside there, upriver dem.pron. qapkua.
those out there dem.pron. kikkua;

those out there in the entryway
dem.pron. qakipkua;
dem.pron. qakkua.
those out there in the entryway dem.pron. ukkua.

those out there in the entryway (not visible)
dem.pron. sakipkua.

those over there (plural) dem.pron. apkua;

dem.pron. itchua;dem.pron. itkua (C).
those right there (plural) dem.pron. taapkua;
dem.pron. tamatkua.
those two across there dem.pron. akkuak;
dem.pron. ikkuak.
those two across there (dual) dem.pron. akipkuak.
those two back there dem.pron. papkuak;
dem.pron. pitchuak;dem.pron. pitkuak (C).
those two down there (dual) dem.pron. katkuak.
those two down there, in front dem.pron. utkuak.
those two down there (not visible) dem.pron.
sapkuak.
those two in the past (dual) dem.pron. ipchuak;dem.pron. ipkuak (C).
those two inside there dem.pron. kipkuak.
those two inside there, upriver dem.pron.
qapkuak.
those two out there
dem.pron. kikkuak;
dem.pron. qakipkuak;
dem.pron. qakkuak.
those two out there in the entryway dem.pron.
ukkuak.

those two out there in the entryway (not visible)

dem.pron. sakipkuak.
dem.pron. apkuak;
dem.pron. itchuak;dem.pron. itkuak (C).
those two right there (dual) dem.pron. taapkuak.
those two unknown (dual) dem.pron. ipkuak (C).
those two up there dem.pron. pakkuak.
those two up there (not visible) dem.pron.
pakipkuak.
those unknown (plural) dem.pron. ipchua;dem.pron. ipkua (C).
those unknown two (dual) dem.pron. ipchuak.
those up there dem.pron. pakkua;
dem.pron. pikkua;
dem.pron. pikkuak.
those up there (not visible) dem.pron. pakipkua.
thoughtful, to be ~ vi. qauàrimaaàik- (2).
thoughtless, to be ~ vi. munatqiit-;
vi. siáiäiq-1.
thrash, to ~ vi. ivalik-.
threadn. ivalu (1).
thread, commercial ~ n. ivaluksraq.

those two over there (dual)

throw, to ~ underhand
thread for attaching a joiner to a boot sole n.

taplun;n. tavrutaq.
thread for shoes n. amiun (C) (2).
thread (for skin sewing) n. atuäaun.
thread (on screw or pipe) n. qipputit.
thread, to ~ vt. ivalliq-;
vt. ivalu-;
vt. nuvi- (1).
thread, to ~ one's way through vi. nuviqsraq-.

thread trim along stitches attaching boot top toboot sole n. taprun.
threaded, to be ~ vi. nuvimmi- (2).
threaten, to ~ vt. aniqsraaqtuq-.
threaten, to ~ punishment vi. tatapsaaq-.
threaten, to ~ to strike vt. uuguyaaq-.
threen. piñasrut;n. piäasut.

three, at cards n. tumitchauraq (2).
three-cornered file n. quagrulik (2).
three-fingered mittens n. tikilik.
three-pronged hook (for tomcod) n. manat.
throatn. iggiaq.
throat, bone lodged in the ~ n. saunniutaq (2).
throat, to clear one's ~ vi. iggiaàiksaaq-;
vi. iggiaàiksaq-;
vi. quqhiqsaq-.

throat, to develop a sore ~ vi. iggiaàiiái-.
throat, to suffer a sore ~ vi. iggiaàiit-.
throat, to suffer pain in one's ~ vi. iggianäu-.
throb, to ~ vi. tigliq- (2).
throng, to ~ vi. isaa- (C);vi. israa-;
vi. tinu-;
vt. saqigrugi-;
vt. tatruq-;
vt. tatviksraiq-;
vt. tinusi-.
throttle, to ~ vt. nunu- (2).
through the entryway dem.adv. uuna.
through, to go ~ vi. tumi-.
through where? quest. naukun.
throw, to ~ vi. miáuuq-.
throw, to ~ away vt. igit- (1);vt. igitaq-;
vt. igitqataq-;
vt. iqqaq-.
throw, to ~ carelessly vt. miáuàiuti- (1).
throw, to ~ into a fire (C) vt. maäuk- (2).
throw, to ~ into the air vt. nalluktuq-.
throw, to ~ out vt. anit-;
vt. siqqaq-.
throw, to ~ the qiputaq vi. qiputchaq-.
throw, to ~ underhand vt. naluk-2.

410

throwing, item used for ~toilet odor

throwing, item used for ~ n. miáuutaksraq.
thrown, item that was ~ n. miááuun.
thrown, item that was ~ away n. igitaq.
thrush, grey-cheeked ~ n. piiàaq;

time
n. pivik.
time ago, very short ~ adv. akkupauraq;
adv. akkuvauraq.

time for something n. piviksraq.
time immemorial, from ~ dem.adv. imakäa.
time, long ~ n. sivisuuraq.
time, recent ~ n. akkuquyuuraq.
time, short ~ n. sivikisuuraq.
time, to disregard ~ vt. siáait-.
time, to take little ~ vi. sivikit-.
time, to take long ~ vi. sivisu-.
timid, to be ~ vi. nuyuaq-1;

n. saviiàavii.

thrush (medical condition) n. uqsruàiak.
thrush, varied ~ n. siäutluluuq.
thrust, to ~ vt. maäuk- (1).
thudn. apsakulak.
thumb
n. kuvlu.
thumb and forefinger, held in opposition n.
putyuuk.

thump
n. apsakulak.
thunder
n. katluk (2).
thunder, to ~ n. katlula-.
Thursday n. Sisammiiâiq.
thus
adv. itna;

vi. qikisu-.

tin cann. utkusigauraq.
tindern. kukuuàun.
tinder, arctic cotton (for ~ ) n. palliksraq (1).
tingle, to ~ vi. ikiaqsaaàaq-;adv. taatna.

vi. ikiaqtala-;
vi. uunaaqsruqsaaàaq-.
tingling, to feel one's spine ~ vi. quiññalaaq-.
tip over, to ~ vi. ulàu-.
tipsy person n. imiäaruaq.
tipsy, to be ~ vi. imiäa-.
tipsy, to become ~ vi. imiäasri-.
tiptoe, to stand ~ vi. nukivraak-.
tiptoe, to walk on ~ vi. putukkumiraq-.
tired, to be ~ vi. iñiqtuq-;
vi. minàuq- (1).
tired, to be ~ of vi. aàiu-1.
tired, to become ~ of vi. minàuuti-.
tired, to become ~ quickly vi. minàuliq-.
tiresome, to be ~ (of an activity) vi. savinnaq-.
tithe
n. quliku;
n. quliääuàun.
tithe, to ~ vi. quliku-;
vt. quliääuàutaiq-.
title of something n. taggiñ (1).
tobaccon. tauàaaqiq.
tobacco, chewing ~ n. uiáaaksraq.
tobacco leaf n. suraàruaq.
tobacco, loose ~ n. iraqsraq (2).
tobacco pipe n. sipquqtaq;
n. supuqtaq.
today
adv. uvlupak;
adv. uvluvak;
n. uglupak.
toe, small ~ n. iñugauraq (1).
togetheradv. atautchikun;
adv. atautchimi2.
toggle head of harpoon or spear n. tuukkaq.
toil, to ~vi. siààaqi-.
toiletn. anaàvik;n. quàvik.
toilet odor n. anaàniq2.

thus, to do or say ~vi. itnaq-.
tibia
n. kanaaq;
n. kanagaq.

tickle, to ~ vi. pauvsaruaq-;
vt. qaallak-.

ticklish, to be ~ vi. qallaktu-;

vi. quiññaktu-.
n. qaiáiqpak;
n. qiaqpak.
tide, to be high ~ vi. immiq-1 (2).
tidy, to ~ up vt. salummaq-.
tidy, to be ~ vi. saluma-.
tie, to ~vt. pituk-;
vt. qiáiq-.
tie, to ~ down a load vt. naqitaqsruq-.
tie, to ~ one's shoe strings vt. siäiq-.
tie, to ~ ropes to a tent
vt. qiluuq-2.
tie, to ~ up securely vt. qiáiviqsruq-.
tie, to ~ with a drawstring vt. uäiq- (2).
tied item
n. qiluäa (K).
tied, to be ~ (for winner) vi. nalliuti- (1).
tied, to be ~ up vt. pituqaq-.
tight, to be too ~ (of clothing) vi. tati-1.
tighten, to ~ vt. nunuq-.
tighten, to ~ fast vt. saääit- (2).
tight-fitting, to be ~ vi. kapit-1.
tightly woven, to be ~ vi. qupsik- (2);vi. upsik- (3);vi. uvsik- (3).
tillern. iàñaaq (2).
tilt
n. uviqtaq.
tilt, to ~vi. uvaak- (1);vi. uviq-.
tilt, to ~ (of a boat) vi. uvaagaq- (1).
tilt, to ~ one's head vi. naiäa-.
timbern. uummaq.

tidal wave

411

toilet paper
toilet paper n. iqquun;n. iqquutiksraq.
toilsome, to be ~ vi. savinnaq-.
token
n. itqakkun;
n. itqakkutauruaq.
tolerable, to be ~ vi. atmiñaq-.
tomcodn. uugaq.
tomorrow adv. uvlaakun.
tone of one's voice n. qati.
tonguen. uqaq.
tonightadv. anaqapak;
adv. anaqavak.
tonsiln. kiñiqsiq;
n. qiñiqsiq.
too long, to be ~ vi. takinaaq- (2).
too much! excl. araa!

too much, to be ~ (expression of disgust) vt.

pivaaââak- (2).
n. savalàun;n. savaun.
tool bagn. ikãiàvik (C) (1).
tool box
n. sanalàutiqaàvik;n. savalàutiqaàvik.
tool for making bullroarer n. yugyuaàaun.
tool for stirring food (e.g. blender) n.
akurrutiksraq.
tool, saw-setting ~ n. nikisitaun.
tool to moisten something n. misaktiàun.
tools for making a living n. iñuunniutiksrat (1).
toothn. kigun.
tooth, front ~ n. sivuàaq.
tooth gap n. kikkiàñiq.
tooth, to pull a ~ vi. kigutaiq-.
toothache, to have a ~ vi. kigusriqi-1;
vi. kigutinäu-.
toothbrush n. kigusriqqutit (1);n. kigutigiksaun.
toothpaste n. kigusriqqun.
toothpick n. kukkiáiñ.
top, absolute ~ n. qulliqpiaq.
top end of a sheep breast bone n. qauk.
top of mountain, hill, etc n. naqiulàuq.
top part
n. qalliq;
n. quli2 (2).
top side
n. qaa (1).
top, spinning ~ (toy) n. kaipsaaq;
n. kaivsarraq (C).
top, the ~ of a skin boat frame n. quli2 (3).
top, to ~vt. quli-.
top, to ~ with vt. qalliq-.
top, to attach a ~ to something vt. quliàusriq-.
top, to be at the ~ vi. qatqit- (2).
top, to get water over the ~ of one's boots vi.
qulaakuq-.

tool

towel
topmostn. qulliq (2).
topmost object n. qalliqpiaq (2).
topple, to ~ vi. ulàu-.
torn, to become ~ vi. kiluiyaq-2.
toss, to ~ into the air vt. nallugaq-.
toss, to ~ up vt. nalluktuq-;
vt. naluk-2.

toss, to ~ up during a blanket-toss vt. nalluaq-.
totter, to ~ vi. ulàusia-.
touch, to ~ vt. aksik- (1);vt. aktullak- (1);vt. aktuq-;
vt. patik-2;
vt. savit-;
vt. savitauraq-;
vt. tinniqsi-.
touch, to ~ bottom vi. tut- (1);vi. tuttuq-.
touch, to ~ inadvertently vi. apuqataq-;
vt. aktua-.
touch, to ~ physically vt. tatumiaq-.

touch, to ~ someone's shoulder to get his attention
vt. pakiñik-1 (2).

touch, to ~ with one's nose vi. kuniksaq-.
touched, to be ~ emotionally vi. iáunäutchak-.
touchy, to be ~ vi. sutqusait-.
tough meat, piece of ~n. tamàusraq;
n. tamuqasiraaq.
vi. siqquäuluk-;vi. siqquq- (1).
tough, to be ~ (of meat) vi. matäait-.

tough, to be ~toughened, to be ~ (not feeling cold) vi. qiqisiit-.
tow rope
n. kalgutaq.
tow rope (for a boat, along shore) n. ukamaun.
tow, to ~vt. kalik-;
vt. kalit-;
vt. nuqitchi- (1).

tow, to ~ a boat while walking on shorevt.

ukamaq-.

tow, to ~ behind a boat (e.g. a seal) vt.
naksauraaqtuq-.

tow, to ~ (of dogs) vt. qimuk-.
tow, to ~ (of humans) vt. qamuk- (1).
tow, to ~ with a line over one's shoulder

vt.
uniaq-.
toward the coast dem.adv. qakma;
dem.adv. qaäma (C).
toward the exit dem.adv. ugga.
toward the Northern Coast n. qaänaaq (C).
toward the water dem.adv. unna.
toward, to go ~ vi. tuäaaq-.
toward, to move ~ vi. tuäaaài-1.
towed, to be ~ vi. kaliksiq-.
towel
n. ivgun.

412

towline of dogsledtravel, to ~ throughtowline of dogsled n. qimugvik;

n. qavviksiun.

trap, long narrow end of an animal ~n. qitiàaàun.
towline on a sled n. qamuutaq (1).
toxinn. tuqunaq.
toyn. inattuaq;n. piuraaq.
toy, made of bone n. ayagaaq.
trace
n. tasikuaàun (C).

trace, to leave a ~ of oil after being shot (of water
mammal) vi. uqsrualaqi-.
tracern. tuvliñ (2).
trackn. tumi.
track, to ~ vt. tuvraq- (1);
vt. tuvrauti-.

track, to find an animal ~ vi. tupsi-.
tracking tool n. tuvliñ (1).
tracks, to look for ~ vt. tumisriuq-.
trade, to ~ vt. akitchaq-.
trading partner n. niuviq.
traditional way, to do things in a ~ vi. qaäatuaq-.
trail
n. apqun;n. tumi;n. tumiksraq;
n. tumitchiaq.
trail condition n. igliàaq (C) (1).
trail, established ~ (on tundra) n. kiksraq.
trail made by animals n. tumitchauraq (1).
trail marker n. nappaqutaq (1).
trail snack n. taqquaq.
trail, to travel on a ~ vi. tumitchiaqsaaq-.
trailing raspberry n. tuunàaum asriaq (1).
training
n. ayuqiqsaq (C).
training pants n. makkaqtuun.
transgression of law n. navguiãiq.
transgressor n. navguiri.
translate, to ~ vt. mumik-2 (1).
translated text n. mumiksaq.
translator n. mumiiri;
n. mumiksiri.
translucent item n. qaumaluk (2).
translucent, to be ~vi. qaummaàik- (2);vi. qaummaq-;
vi. tapinniáuk-.
transmit, to ~ sound vt. imiak- (C).
transport, to ~ vt. natmaksiq-;
vt. usiaq-;
vt. usriaq-.
trap
n. naniàiaq.
trap attachment (stick of wood) n. suataaq.
trap, caribou ~ n. qargisaq (1).
trap, deadfall ~ n. ikniq (2).
trap entrance n. maunaq.
trap, fish ~ n. qargisaq (2).
trap for wolverine n. qapviksiun;

413

n.
isivitchuktuaq.
trap, to ~vt. ikniq-;
vt. naniq-.
trap, to ~ (deadfall) vt. ikniqtit-.
trap, to ~ for fur vt. naniàiaqtuq-.
trap, to ~ in a pitfall vt. qargisaq-2.
trap, underwater ~ for burbot n. qargich.
trap with bait n. naàialigaaq.
trap without bait n. naàiaäiáaaq.
trapezius
n. ivaluuraak.
trapezius (triangular back muscle) n.
kuyapiglugun.
trapped, to be ~ vi. naniqtit-;
vi. napit- (1).
trapped, to get ~ vi. qargisaq-1.
traps, covered by deep snow n. paluq.
traps, to prepare and set ~ vi. naniàirriq-.
trashn. suaqâuk.
trash cann. suaqâukuvik.
travel, to ~ vi. iglau-;vi. igliq-;
vi. kukiáuk-.
travel, to ~ across land n. timau-.
travel, to ~ against the wind vi. arguàaq-;vi. arguq- (1);vi. argutmuk-.
travel, to ~ along the shore vi. siñiqsraq-1 (1).
travel, to ~ around vi. aàyuk- (C);vi. igliàaq-.
travel, to ~ around villages vi. siñiqsraq-1 (2).
travel, to ~ away from people vi. ayuqiqsaaq-.
travel, to ~ by boat vi. umiaqtuq-.
travel, to ~ by direct route vi. nalimuk-.
travel, to ~ by dogsled
vi. uniaàaq-.
travel, to ~ by way of river vi. kuukuaq-.
travel, to ~ constantly vi. igliàaàumaaq- (C).
travel, to ~ diagonally vi. supiaq-.
travel, to ~ directly
vi. tuäaaq-.
travel, to ~ downriver vi. ataaq-;
vi. atiqsaaq-;
vi. atqaqsaaq- (1).
travel, to ~ fast vi. aàyuuq- (C) (1).
travel, to ~ in the middle vi. iáuaqsaaq- (C).
travel, to ~ on bare tundra vi. nunasiraq-.
travel, to ~ over the mountains vi. naqsraq-.
travel, to ~ parallel vi. qaàruàila- (1);vi. salik- (1).
travel, to ~ partway vi. qaniáaaq- (1).
travel, to ~ straight out vi. avallak- (C) (2).
travel, to ~ swiftly vi. qaàruàila- (2);vi. salik- (2).
travel, to ~ through vi. apqusraaq-.

travel, to ~ to a river's source
travel, to ~ to a river's source vi. kaäimuk- (1).
travel, to ~ toward vi. tuäaanuk-.
travel, to ~ upriver vi. arguq- (2).
travel, to ~ (with a tent) vi. tuppiraq-.
travel, to have an impulse to ~ vi. ittuaqausriit-.
travelern. iglaaq (1).
traveler, downriver ~ n. atarraaq.
travel-happy, to be ~ vi. iglauyumaaq-;
vi. igliàaàumaaq- (C).

traveling companion n. iglauqqan.
traverse, to ~ vt. itivit-;
vt. itivliq-.
n. qargun.

trawl
tread water, to ~ (of a seal) vi. uyaktaq-.
treadle, to ~ a sewing machine vi. tutmaànaq-.
treasuren. suàaliq;

n. suuraq;
n. suurat.
treasure, to ~ vt. anniài-.
treasurer
n. iáirakuvik.
treat, to ~ vt. irruti-.
treat, to ~ an earache vi. siusiqi-.
treat, to ~ each other right vt. nakuuqquti-.
treat, to ~ lightly vt. alaäuaq-.
treat, to ~ like a slave vt. piaqâugi-.
treat, to ~ to a meal vt. niààisi-.
tree rootn. mumiànak.
tree, young ~ n. napaaqtuayaaq.
tree, young ~ growing from old root n. naunàut.
tremble, to ~ vi. uulik-.
trespass
n. navguiñ.
trial
n. sakiqniuàun;
n. uuktuaàun.
trial, to hold a ~ at court vi. uqaqsitaaq-.
tribulation n. iâuiááiuâiq.
tributary river n. saquàun.
trick, to ~ someone vt. ivayaq- (1).
trickeryn. pisaasuâiq.
trickle, to ~ vi. kanàaq-;vi. siiáa-.
tried, to be ~ (in courtroom) vi. uqaqsitaaqsi-.
trim (for a parka) n. akuàutit;
n. akuq (2);n. avatiksrat.
trim (for boots) n. ikutaq;
n. quli2 (1);n. qupak;n. sivuàun (2).
trim, to ~ a lamp wick vi. tatqik-.
trim, to ~ baleen with a knife vt. savigaq- (1).
trim, to make ~ (for parka, etc.) vi. qupak-.
trimming stick (for oil lamp) n. naniàuun (3).
trip, to ~vi. putukkit-.
tripodn. qulipsiutitaun;

Tuesday, to be a ~n. saiñiutaq (1).

trot, to ~vi. aqpaliàaq- (2).
trot, to move at a ~ (of animals) vi.
pitchuuqsraaq-.

trouble, cause of ~ n. iâuiááiuàun.
trouble maker n. aggaäaaq;n. uqaànaqqun.

trouble, to ~ vt. iâuiááutaaq-;

vt. iâuitqusraaq-;
vt. iâuutuyaaq-.

trouble, to have ~ with one's dogs vi. qipmiqãuk-.
troubled, to be ~ vi. uqumaiáiraq- (2).
troublemaker n. aguirrun (C);n. iâuiááuqutaqti;
n. qanuâaqtitchiñiaqti;
n. qanuâaqtitchiri;n. uumisaaqti.
troublesome, to be ~ vi. aaäaaq-;
vi. aggaäa-;
vi. iâuirrutau-;vi. iñunäunaq-.
trounce, to ~ vt. anagvik- (C);vt. anaqhiala-.
trousers
n. kamikâuuk.
trout
n. aqalukpik (C) (1);n. iqalukpik (C) (1);n. qalukpik (1).
trout, brook ~ n. kuuàuàmiutaq.
trout, mountain ~ n. pai (1).
trout, small ~ n. saamaayiq.
true story n. quliaqtuaq.
true, this must be ~ excl. tarra qanuàa.
truly
adv. iáumutun.
trump at cards n. kuuyyalaq.
trumpetn. qalàuqtaun.
trust
n. tunäaâiq.
trust, to ~ vt. tunäa-2.
truth
n. iáumun;
n. iáumutuuruaq.
try, to ~ again (at the game of qiputaq) vi.
qapak-.
try, to ~ out vt. uuk- (1);vt. uuktuaq- (1).
try to do your best! excl. piááautaàniuraàiñ!
trying, to be ~ circumstances
vi. qaàanait-;vi. sakiqnaq-;
vi. siàáiàñaq-.
t-shirtn. uviñàuq.
tube
n. iguun (1);n. millugaun;n. milluktuun.
Tuesdayn. aippiàñiq (C);n. ilaqatchiiãiq.
Tuesday, to be a ~ vi. aippiq- (C) (2).

414

tufted puffin

typisttufted puffin
n. qiáaäak (2).
tugboatn. uqsruuâuuraq.
tugboat with a barge n. umiaqpak.
tug-of-war, to play ~ vi. nuqittautraq- (1);turn, to ~ up edge of mukluk vt. ulivrik-.
turn, to ~ upside down vi. niviq-1 (1);vt. palut-.

vi. uniàmik-.

tumble, to ~ vi. iivraluak-;vi. iivraluktaq- (C);vi. uivraluktaq-.
tumble, to ~ down vi. irukkaqtaq- (C);vi. irupkaqtaq-.
tumble, to ~ into water vi. naparaq-.
tumble, to ~ over vi. naparaq-;vi. ukpitaq- (2).
tumblern. misuàuqtuun (2).
tundra cotton n. qipmiurat.
tundra, open ~ n. natiànaq.
tundra, rolling ~ n. nunavik.
tunneln. tuqâu (1).
tunnel, to make a ~ vt. tuqâuli-.
turbulent weather, to fly through ~ vi. qaiááiuq(1).
turmoiln. uqaatchagutiâiq.
turn, to ~vi. qipi- (1);vi. saäu-;
vi. saqu-.
turn, to ~ around vi. tunut-1.
turn, to ~ aside vi. saniqpaqtaaq-;
vi. sanitvaqtaaq-.
turn, to ~ away vi. alaq-.
turn, to ~ dark earlier (of days in fall) vi.
taaqtuliq-.
turn, to ~ down (of lights) vt. qapsuktaaq-;
vt. qavsuktaaq-;
vt. qavyuktaaq-.
turn, to ~ higher vt. ikummaktaaq-.
turn, to ~ lights on vt. nanniq- (1).
turn, to ~ off vt. milik-;
vt. mulik-.
turn, to ~ on vt. aämaq- (2).
turn, to ~ one shoulder forward vi. uluq- (2).
turn, to ~ one's body sideways vi. uluq- (1).
turn, to ~ one's feet inward vt. quu-.
turn, to ~ one's feet outward vi. saqpik-.
turn, to ~ one's head vi. kiäiaq-;
vi. qiviaq-.
turn, to ~ over vi. mumik-1 (1);vt. pusit- (1).
turn, to ~ pages slowly vt. makpiàaaq-.
turn, to ~ quickly vi. qiviqit-.
turn, to ~ something sideways vt. supik-.
turn, to ~ s.t. on its back vt. niviq-3.
turn, to ~ toward vt. saat-.

415

turn, to ~ white vi. qakuq- (1).
turn, to cause to ~ around vt. tunut-2.
turned, to keep one's back ~ vi. tunusruq-.
turnstone, ruddy ~ n. tullignaq.
tusks, to fight with ~ (of bull walrus) vt.
tuugaaàmik-.

tusk-shape design on parka shoulder (upper front)
n. kayuaàun.

tussock, clump grass, moss n. maniq (1).
tweezers
n. putyuugaurak.
twelven. qulit malàuk.
twentyn. iñuiñaq.
twilight
n. qaumauraaq;
n. qauniuraaq;
n. tanuàak.
twilight, to be ~ vi. qaumaavyuk-.
twilight, to become ~ vi. tanuàak-.
twinn. malài (2).
twine for fish nets n. kuvriuàun.
twine, roll of ~ n. imuaq (2);n. imuaqnaq;
n. imuuraq.
twine, twisted ~ n. qipraq;
n. qiprauraq.
twinkle, to ~ vi. siquvyuaài-.
twins, to give birth to ~ vt. malài-.
twist, to ~ vi. qipi- (1).
twist, to ~ easily vi. qipisruu-.
twist, to ~ out of shape vt. qipitit-.
twisted, to be ~ vi. qipiäa-.
twitch, to ~ vi. sayuk-;vi. uäiáuk-.
twon. malàuk.
two hundredn. qulikipiaq.

two things layered (as folded fabric)
tapiqtaaàiik.
two years ago adv. ukiutqik.
two-man saw n. uluaqtuutiàruaq.
two-masted boat n. malàulik (2).
type, certain ~ n. taatnasiq;
n. taatnasriq.
typewrite, to ~ vi. aglautitaq-;
vt. aglaksuutitaq-.
typewriter n. aglaksuutit;
n. aglautitaun.
typistn. aglaksuutitaqti;
n. aglautitaqti.

n.

udderundone, to come ~

U - u
udder
n. mamaun.
ugly, to be ~vi. iñugiit- (2);vi. kigiñaàiit- (1).
ugruk meat, hung up to dry n. mipkuliaq.
ulna (forearm) n. amiáàaq (1).
ulu, large ~ used to cut meat n. uluqpak.
ulu, small ~ (used for sewing) n. uluuraq.
ulu, small sewing ~ n. uluuraäaluk.
umbilical cord n. iäaluaqtaq;
n. ipiutaq (1);n. mikâiaq (C).
umbilicus n. qalasiq.
unable, to be ~ to decide vi. naliàut-.
unable, to be ~ to hold vt. tigula-.
unable, to be ~ to keep up vi. unik-.
unable, to be ~ to urinate vi. naki-.
unable, to feel ~ to help vi. suksraunàiq-1 (2).
unadjusted, to be ~ to dark (of eyes) vi.
taaqsiulguit-.
unadjusted to darkness, to be ~ (of eyes) vi.
taaqsima-.
unafraid, to be ~ vi. iqsiñàiq-;vi. nuyuiq- (1);vi. nuyuit- (1);vi. taluqsrautaiq-.
Unalakleet, people of ~ n. Uäalaqâiàmiut.
unappetizing, to be ~ (of food) vi. niàisuänait-.
unapproachable, to be ~ vi. taluànaq- (1).
unassertive, to be ~ vi. attaqsraq-.
unassuming, to be ~ vi. sapiqsraq-.
unavailable, to be ~ (of room) vi. iniksrait-.
unaware, to be ~ vi. qauàrimaaàiit- (1).
unaware, to be ~ (passed out) vi. alapit- (1);vi. ulapit- (1).
unbearable, to be ~vi. atmiñait-.
unbecomingly, to act ~ vi. ayuàiiái- (1).
unbelief
n. ukpiqsriñàiãiq.
unbeliever n. ukpiqsriääuaqti.
unbreakable, to be ~ vi. payaäait- (1).
unbreakable, to be made ~ vi. payaäaiq- (1).
uncertain, to be ~ vi. nalupqinaq-;
vi. qanuàviit-.
unchanging, to be ~ vi. atlaäuqtautait-.
uncircumcised, to be ~ vi.
nalunaitäutchiqsimait-.
uncle
n. akkaakak (1);n. aäaaluk;n. aäak;n. aäatchiaq.
unclean, to be ~ vi. salumait-.

unclear, to be ~ vi. isuq- (C);vi. isruq-;
vi. nalunaq-.

uncomfortable, to be ~vi. iâuit- (1);vi. suqpasuk-;vi. tutqiit-.
uncomfortable, to become ~ with vi. naäiliq-.
uncomfortable, to feel ~ vi. qaatchiäa-;
vi. tutqaanaq- (2).

uncomfortable, to feel ~ about leaving part of theload behind vi. aàligi- (C).
uncomfortable, to feel ~ about not being able torepay a favor vi. tutqaasruk- (2).
uncomfortable, to try to make someone feel ~vt. tutqaasraaq-.

unconnected, to become ~ vi. atanàiq-.
unconscious, to be ~ vi. naluksriñäa-;vi. qauàrimait-.

unconscious, to be nearly ~ vi. aiyaaäa- (C).
unconscious, to become ~ vi. avaaq- (C) (1);vi. naluksrit-.

uncooked, to be ~ vi. uiáaq-.
uncover, to ~ vt. sagviq-2.
underpos.adv. atmi (C).
undercooked, to be ~ (of meat) vi. uunäait-.
undercut, steep ~ riverbank n. qaäataaq (2).
undercut, to ~ a (river) bank vt. ikpiktitaq-;
vt. qipaluaqtitaq-.

underneath — ataani, see: ati;

dem.adv. samma;
pos.adv. atmi (C).
underneath, to ~ — ataanun, see: ati.
underneath, to go ~ something vi. ataut-1.
underpants, women's ~ n. qaàliik (2);n. qaàliuraq.
underrate, to ~ vt. suksraàinàiq- (1).
undershirt n. uviñàuq.
underside n. ataa.
understand, Now I ~! excl. uvva-liqaa.
understand, to ~ vt. kaäiqsi-;
vt. kisuiq-.
understand, to cause to ~ something vt.
kaäiqsipkai-.
understandable, to be ~ vi. kaäiqsiñaq-.
undertaker n. iáuviqsiri.
underwear n. iáupquaq.
undisciplined person n. kamaiáaq.
undivided, to be ~ vi. aulait-;vi. suàait-2 (1).
undone, to come ~ vi. kiluaq-;416

undoubtedly

unwind, to ~vi. sipiksaq- (1).

undoubtedly encl. -ami-tara (2).
undress, to ~ vi. atnuàaiq-;

vi. atnuàaiyaq-;
vi. mattaq-1.
undressed, to be ~ vi. atnuàait-.
undulate, to ~ vi. iäiulik-;vi. mayuuàauraaq-.
uneasy, to be ~ vi. atlayuaq- (2);vi. qiñiàviksrait-.
unequal, to be ~ vi. atinàiq- (2);vi. atriäiáaaq;vi. naligiäit-.
uneven stitches, item with ~ n. kilukâuk.
uneven, to be ~ vi. nikisinäa-.
unexpected, to be ~ vi. niàiunait-.
unexpectedly, to act ~ vi. iqiàutchaq-.
unfinished, to be ~ vi. naamait-.
unfit, to make ~ for usage vi. miqut-.
unfriendly person n. iáamaaàiiáaq.
unfriendly, to be ~ vi. iáamaaàiit-;
vi. taluànaq- (1).
ungodliness n. agaayyutaiãiq.
ungodly, to be ~ vi. agaayyutait-.
ungracious, to be ~vi. iñuäniit-.
ungrateful person n. iáiàaiáaq;
n. quyaiáaq.
ungrateful, to be ~ vi. pipikait- (2);vi. quyanàit-.
unhappy, to be ~ (being alone) vi. aliasruk- (2).
unhappy, to become ~ vi. quviiq- (1).
unhealthy, to feel ~ vi. iâuammaaàiit-.
unhealthy, to look ~ vi. tauttuàluk-.
uninformed, to be ~ vi. nalu-.
uninhabited, to be ~ vi. iñuiáàu- (C).
unintelligent, to be ~ vi. puqiit-.
unique, to be ~ vi. atriäiáaaq.
unite, to ~ vi. atausiäuq- (C);vi. atausriäuq-;vi. aulaiáaäuq-.
unity
n. atausiäuàun (C) (1);n. atausiumman (2);n. atausriäuàun;n. atausriumman (1);n. atautchiiãiq.
unjust, to be ~ vi. nalaunäait-.
unkempt, to be ~ vi. nuyappik-.
unkind, to be ~ vi. uluàiit- (2).
unknown, toward the ~ dem.adv. imuäa.
unlawful, to be ~ vi. akitñautiruaq.
unload, to ~ vt. niu-2;
vt. niuri-;vt. usiiyaq-;
vt. usriiyaq-.

417

unmarried, to be ~ vi. tuvaaqatait-.
unmarried woman n. uiñiäniàiáaaq.
unmindful, to be ~ vi. qauàrimaaàiit- (1).
unmixed, to be ~ vi. avuiáaaq (1).
unnoticable, to feel ~ vi. taàutunaq-.
unpleasant, to be ~ vi. iñugiit- (2);vi. irrusiàiit- (C);vi. irrusriàiit-.
unpleasant, to be ~ socially vi. iáagisuànait-.
unpleasant, to have an ~ taste vi. siiàáit- (1).
unpredictable, to be ~ vi. nalupqinaq-.
unprepared, to be ~ vi. upaluq- (1).
unpriced, to be ~ vi. akiksrait-.

unprotected, to be ~ in cold weather (without aparka or outer garment) vi.
taaktatchiaq-.

unproven, to be ~ vi. taäiàiáaaq-.
unravel, to ~ vi. aäivit-1;
vt. aäivit-2;
vt. aäivraq-1.

unraveled, something ~n. aäivraq.

n. aäiptaq (C);unraveled, to become ~ vi. aäivraq-2.
unreachable, to be ~ vi. ayuànaq- (1).
unrighteous, to be ~ vi. nalaunäait-.
unrighteousness n. naluanäaiãiq.
unseemly, to act ~ vi. ayuàiiái- (1).
unshakable, to be ~ vi. payaäaiq- (2).
unstable, to be ~ vi. nappatigiit-.
unsteadily, to burn ~ vi. qapsuktaq-;
vi. qavsuktaq-.
n. nappatigiiáaq;
n. qanuàliqaaâiq.
unsteady, to be ~ vi. nappatigiit-.
unsuccessful, to be ~ vi. aäiiññaq-;vi. aäiááuäa-.
untangle, to ~ vt. iáak-;vt. iááaiyaq-.
unthankful, to be ~ vi. quyanàit-.
untidy, to be ~ vi. iksaluk-;vi. iksaâuk-.
untie, to ~ vt. pituiq-;
vt. qiáàutaiq- (1);vt. qiáiiq-.
untied, to be ~ vi. pituit-.
untied, to become ~ vi. qiáàutaiq-1;
vi. siäiuq-.
until now adv. pakmanunaglaan.
unusable things n. suaqâuk.
unwelcome, to feel ~ vi. tagiala- (1).
unwind, to ~ vi. qasu-;
vi. qasui-;vt. isivit- (2);vt. sivit- (2).

unsteadinessunwise, to be ~unwise, to be ~ vi. isumalluaàiit-;

vi. puqiit-.
unworthy, to feel ~vi. qiki- (2).
unyielding, to be ~ vi. attaànaq-.
up there, from ~ dem.adv. paakäa;
dem.adv. paaääa (C);dem.adv. pichakäa;
dem.adv. pikaääa (C).
up there, from ~ (not visible)
dem.adv.
pakmakäa;
dem.adv. paämaääa (C).
up there, located ~ dem.adv. paani;dem.adv. pichani;
dem.adv. pikani.
up there, located ~ somewhere dem.adv. pakmani;
dem.adv. paämani.
up there: moving/extended dem.adv. pagga.
up there: not visible dem.adv. pakma;
dem.adv. paäma (C).
up there: stationary/specific dem.adv. pikka;
dem.adv. pitcha.
up there, through ~dem.adv. pakmuuna;
dem.adv. pichuuna;
dem.adv. pikuuna.
up there, through ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
paämuuna.
up there, through the general area ~ dem.adv.
pauna.
up there, toward ~ dem.adv. pakmuäa;
dem.adv. pauäa;
dem.adv. pichuäa;
dem.adv. pikuäa.
up there, toward ~ (not visible) dem.adv.
paämuäa.
upper back of a human body n. quliik.
upper part of mukluk n. timi (2).
upper thigh n. mumiq.
upper tooth n. qullimàaq.
uppermost n. qulliq (2).
uppermost one n. kaäiááiq.
upright individual n. pimaaàiksuaq.
upright item n. naparuaq.
upriver area n. arguqâiñaaq;n. arguqâiq (2).
upriver, from ~ dem.adv. qavakäa;
dem.adv. qavaääa (C).
upriver, located ~ dem.adv. kivva;
dem.adv. qamma;
dem.adv. qavva;
pos.adv. arguani (2).
upriver, through the ~ area (not visible) dem.adv.
qamuuna.
upriver, to hunt towards ~ vi. qaki- (2).
upriver, to travel ~ vi. tagraq-.

uvula
upriver, toward ~ dem.adv. qamuäa;
dem.adv. qavuäa.

uproarn. aäallannaqâuâiq.
upset, get ~ vi. iâuiááiqsiq-.
upset, to ~ vt. iâuiááutaaq-;

vt. iâuitqusraaq-;
vt. iâuutuyaaq-.
upset, to be ~ vi. aàayyak-.
upside down, to turn ~ vt. pusit- (1).
upturned, to be ~ vi. qaluäa-.
upwardpos.adv. qunmukpuuq;
pos.adv. qunmun.
urethran. quààivik.
urge, to ~ vt. kayuäiuti-;
vt. kiikaaqsruq-;
vt. kipiqsruq-2;
vt. siimasraaq-.
urinate, go outside to ~ vi. itchuqtaaq-.
urinate, to ~ n. qui-;vi. qugi-;
vi. quqtaq-.
urinate, to ~ accidentally vi. aäuuq- (1);vi. quàmaittuq-.
urinate, to ~ frequently vi. quàmaala-.
urinate, to ~ in bed (of a sick person) vi. miqu-.
urinate, to ~ (of dog) vi. uvaagaq- (2).
urinate, to ~ with a leg up (of dog) vi. uvaak- (2).
urinate, to start to ~ vi. siäuk- (1).
urination spot n. quqtaàniq.
urine
n. quqtaq.
urine, sour ~ n. itiàuq (1).
urine stain n. quàriñiq.
Ursa Minor n. siqupsiàat.
us (three or more) pron. uvagut.
us (two)pron. uvaguk.
use, to ~vi. atuq- (2).
use, to ~ up vt. nuäut-.
used item (second hand) n. attuq.
useful, to be ~ vi. atuànaq-.
useless, to be ~ vi. asiu- (C);vi. atugaksraunàiq-;vi. atuànaiq-;
vi. atuäaiq-.
useless, to become ~ vi. iâuanàiq- (1);vi. suksraunàiq-1 (1).
usher
n. aquptitaqti;
n. inillaktuqti.
utter, to ~ vt. nivliq-;
vt. tai-.
utterance (grammar) n. taisaàniq.
uvula
n. niàáiktaaq;
n. uqalauraq.

418

vacant, to be ~visit, to ~V - vvacant, to be ~ vi. iñuiáaaq-;

vertebra, longest ~ above the shoulder blades n.

vi. iñuiq-;
vi. iñuit-.
vacate, to ~ vt. piiq-1.

vacation, person in need of a ~ n. aliiqsiaq.
vacation, to ~ vi. aliiqsiaq- (1).
vacationer n. aliiqsiaq.
vaginan. utchuk (2).
vagina (euphemism) n. samuuna2.
vain, in ~ adv. suiáaaq2.
vainglory n. quvianaqaàniaâiq.
valiant, to be ~ vi. saavit- (C) (3).
valley, deep ~ n. qaluqsraq (1).
valuable item n. akisuruaq.
valuable, to be ~ vi. akisu-;
vi. piqpak-.

value
n. aki2 (2).
value, thing of no ~ n. piuäiáaq.
value, to ~ vt. anniài-.
valued item n. akiksralik.
vandalize, to ~ vt. qitkutiksri- (2).
vanish, to ~ vi. maààutligaq-;

vi. piiq-2;
vi. suutaunàit-.
vanityn. quvianaqaàniaâiq.
varicolored animal n. aglaktauq (2).
varicose veins, to suffer from ~ vi. taqagluksi-.
varied thrush n. suäutlulluuq.
varying hare
n. ukalliuraq.
vaunt, to ~ vt. tusrusraaq-.
vaunt, to ~; haughty, to be ~ vi. kamanniuraaq-.
veer, to ~ vi. saqsruaq- (1);vt. saqutit-.
vehiclen. igliàun.
vehicle, to have a ~ vi. igliàutilik-.
venerate, to ~ vt. sitquàvigi- (1);
vt. taluqsri-.
ventilate, to ~ items vt. ipsuksiq-.
verb (grammar) n. suraàaun.
verb substitute base. pi-.
verbalize, to ~ vt. tai-.
verdict
n. atanniàusriutraq (C);n. atanniuàun.
verdict (result) n. atanniusriaqaâiq.
verdict, to pronounce a ~ vt. atanniq-.
verge, to be on the ~ of sleep
vi. siñigniuraaq-.
verse
n. taiguaq;
n. taiyuaq.
versesn. taiyuat.
vertebran. ikik (2).

419

pikusuk (1);n. pikusruk (1).
vertebraen. kigipigaq.
vertical item
n. naparuaq.
vest
n. kiapiàuq.
vexed, to be ~ vi. aupiãaq- (C).
vibrate, to ~ vt. ipsuk-;vt. qatäuqtaq-.
vicinity
n. avatiàun.
vicinity, from the ~ of — avataanun, see: avati.
vicinity, in the ~ — avataani, see: avati.
victim of physical abuse n. aäallaqâuktaq.
victorious, to be ~ vi. akima-.
victoryn. akimaâiq.
view
n. takkuq.
view, in ~ of adv. takkuani.
vigil, to keep ~ vi. unnui- (2).
vigilant, to be ~ vi. kiliäa-.
villagen. nunaaqqiq.
vine
n. asiaqutaq;
n. asriaqutaq.
violation of law
n. navguiãiq.
violent, to be ~ vi. saqâak-.
violently beaten person n. piyuaàniq (2).
violet-green swallow n. tulugaànaq (3).
violinn. nuqaqtiligauraq.
virginn. aäutituqsimaitchauq.
virile, to be ~ vi. aäutau- (C).
virtuen. nakuuniqsrauruaq.
viscid, to be ~ (thick liquid) vi. kiniq-.
vise-gripn. kiggisik.
visible, to be ~ vi. nalunait- (1);vi. nuisa-;vi. qiñiànaq;vi. takunaq-.
visible, to be barely ~ vi. nalunaq-.
visible, to become ~ vi. nalunaiq- (1);vi. tautuänaqsi-.
visionn. qiñikkiutauruaq;
n. qiñiquuraaq.
vision, to have a ~ vi. tautuktuuraaq- (2);vi. urguaq-;
vt. qiñiquuraaq-.
vision, to have good ~ vi. qiñiágu- (2).
vision, to have keen ~ vi. takpik-.
vision, to have poor ~ vi. takpiit-.
visit, to ~ vi. iññiaq-1;
vi. iññiaqataaq-;
vi. isiqataaq-;

visit, to ~ a friend (opposite sex)walk, to ~ fighting the wind
vocalize, to ~ vi. iàñaraaq- (C).
voice (human) n. niprauq.
voice (of humans and animals) n. iàña;

vi. qaiqataaq-;
vi. utlaqataaq-;
vt. taku-;
vt. tautugiaq-.

visit, to ~ a friend (opposite sex) vi. asru- (2).
visit, to ~ around vi. iññiqi-1.
visit, to ~ houses vi. siñiqsraq-1 (3).
visit, to ~ often vi. isirruàik-.
visit, to ~ one's hometown vi. aäiáaaqataaq-.
visit, to ~ someone in the hospital vi. takusri-.
visit, to go out and ~ vi. pulaaq- (2).
visiting, to enjoy ~ vi. takupqaäa-.
visiting, to enjoy ~ relatives vi. iáaqapqaäa-.
visitorn. iglaaq (2);n. isiqataaq;
n. qaiqataaqtuaq.
visitor, newly arrived ~ n. tikiñàaaq.
visitors, to have ~ vi. iglarriq- (1).
visor
n. tatqiaq;
n. titqiaq.

n. nipi (1).

voice, soft ~ n. nipauraq.
voice, to have a high-pitched ~ vi. qatikkit-.
voice, to have a low-pitched ~ vi. nipikkit-;vi. qatitu-.

voice, to lose one's ~ vi. iggiiq-.
voice, to use one's ~ vi. iàñaraaq- (C).
voice, tone of one's ~ n. qati.
vomit (matter ejected through the mouth) n.
miàiaq.

vomit, to ~ vi. miàiaq-;
vi. ulittaq-.

vomit, to ~ bile vi. suäaàuuti-;
vt. suääiqi-.

vulnerable spot n. tuqua.
vulva
n. utchuk (1).

W - w
waddle, to ~ vi. uluqhuqtaaq-;

vi. uviàaaq-.
wade, to ~ vi. ipiàaq-1;
vi. ipiqsaaq-;
vi. naluk-1 (2).
wade, to ~ in soft snow vi. mauyaqisaaq- (2).
wag, to ~ tail (of a dog) vi. papiqqiáa- (2).
wage
n. akiáik (1).
wages
n. nalliksralik.
wagtail, yellow ~ n. iksriktaayuuq (2).
wailn. magu.
wail, to ~ vi. magu-;
vi. nipaala-;
vi. qunu- (2).
waist
n. qitiq;
n. tapsiñiq (1);n. tavsiñiq.
waistband, for dogs in cold weather n. tapsiaq;
n. tavsiaq.
wait!
excl. aatnuguqman;
excl. aqagu (C).
wait, to ~ vi. misiksruq-;
vi. taqqi-;
vi. utaqqi-.
wait, to ~ for a long time vi. taqqiááak-;vi. taqqiqpauraq-;vi. utaqqiqpauraq-.
wait, to ~ for animals vi. nivitchiq-.
wait, to ~ for daybreak vi. qautchii-.
wait, to ~ out impatiently vi. pitchiq-.

wait, to lie in ~ for ducks vt. mitchiuq-.
waiting, abode of souls in ~ (mythology) n.
uivaqsaat (2).

waken. avaluaàniq (C).
wake, to ~ vt. iqiiqsaq-.
wake, to ~ easily vi. itiya-.
wake, to ~ up vi. itiq-.
wake, to ~ up because of noise vi. tupaaq-1.
wake, to ~ up early vi. itiàiaq-;
vi. itiànagiaq-.

wake, to ~ up fully alert vi. itillak-.
wake, to ~ up instantly vi. iqiiááak-;vi. itillak-.

waken, to ~ vi. iqiiq-.
walk, to ~ vi. pisuaq-;

vi. pisuk- (1);vi. pisruk- (1);vi. pisrukataq-.
walk, to ~ abreast vi. tapit- (2).
walk, to ~ behind each other n. tunulliàiik;vi. maligiik-.
walk, to ~ bent over vi. punäayuaqataq-;
vi. punäayuuq-;
vi. punäuuq-.
walk, to ~ by behind a dwelling vi. kilutqut- (2).
walk, to ~ down toward the river vi. pirik- (2).
walk, to ~ fast vi. sukasaaââik-.
walk, to ~ fighting the wind vi. paggaq-;
vi. paqqiuq-.

420

walk, to ~ in a bouncy manner

watch, to ~ in a concealed position

walk, to ~ in a bouncy manner vi.

qulvaukkatchiaq-.
walk, to ~ in and out vi. utiqtaq-.
walk, to ~ leisurely vi. pisrukataaq- (1).
walk, to ~ proudly vi. pisruvik-.
walk, to ~ through deep, soft snow vi. maugaq-.
walk, to ~ toward open water vi. mauqsruq-;
vi. maut-.

walk, to ~ when other transportation is unavailable
vi. pisrukataaq- (2).

walk, to ~ while pulling a sled vi.
qamuukkaâaaq-.

walk, to ~ with shoulders moving from side to side
vi. uluqtaaq-.

walk, to ~ with the wind at one's back vi.
tunuluqaaq-;
vi. uqutmugaaq-.
walkern. pisukti (1);n. pisrukti (1).
walking stick n. aiyaupiaq (1).
walln. katchi.

wall, old ~ (crumbling dug-out) n. katchiàruaq.
wall tentn. itchaksralik;n. palapkaaq;
n. panapkaaq.

wall tent (10'x 12' ft., five panels long)tallimalik (1).

wall tent (8' x 10', four panels long)(1).

n.
n. sisamalik

wall, to construct a ~ vi. katchiái-.
walrusn. aiviq.
walrus skin (for food) n. kauk.
walrus tusk n. tuugaaq.
walrus, young ~ n. isavgaq.
wander, to ~vi. kukiáuk-;vi. qipi- (2).
vi. amigái- (2);vi. uvluiágit-;
vi. uvlukâi-.
wane, to ~ (of the moon) vi. iqiatchak- (2);vi. piyaàit- (1).
want, to ~ vi. pisuk- (2);vi. pisruk- (2).
want, to ~ to play (of a dog) vi. unasruk-.
wantonness n. atugauâiq.
war party n. suàruich.
warbler, myrtle ~ n. siáaluksiigauraq;
n. suäaqpaluktuäiq (2).
warbler, yellow ~ n. suäaqpaluktuäiq (1).
warehouse n. suàaliqpik.
warm, to ~ vt. auksiq- (1);vt. auktuuq- (1);
vt. naniaq- (1);vt. pasiksiaq- (1).

wane, to ~warm, to ~ oneself by a fire vt. auksiq- (2);vt. auktuuq- (2);vt. naniaq- (2);vt. pasiaq-;
vt. pasiksiaq- (2);vt. pasriksiq-.
warm, to be too ~ vi. uunniqi-.

warm, to become ~ from the heat of sun

vi.

kirraqsi-.

warm up, to ~ by moving aroundvi.
auksaaqtiqi-.
warn, to ~ vt. kilik- (1);vt. kiliktuq- (1).
warning
n. kiliktuun.
warning (bad news) n. kilgun.
warp, to ~ vt. qikisit-.
warp, to ~ (from heat) vi. qiluk-.
warped, to be ~ vi. qikiäa-.
warriorn. aäuyyiuqti;
n. suàruk.
wart
n. utäuq.
wary, to be ~ vi. iññiäait-;
vi. nuyuaq-2 (1);vi. tataigi- (2).
wash basin n. iààuàviuraq.
wash, to ~ vt. iààuq-;vt. natchiqi-.
wash, to ~ ashore vi. tipi-.
wash, to ~ away vt. uaq- (2).
wash, to ~ clothes vt. iqaài- (2).
wash, to ~ cups vi. qallugauriqi-.
wash, to ~ dishes vt. puggutauriqi-;
vt. puggutchiqi-.
wash, to ~ food down with liquid vi.
tumanäuiyaq-.
wash, to ~ oneself vt. iqaài- (1).
wash, to ~ salt off food vt. kiñitchiq-2.
wash tubn. iààuqsivik.
washbasin n. iqaqqivik.
washboard n. agigvik.
washing machine n. iààuqsivik;
n. iqaqsrivik (1).
wasp
n. tugayuuq.
waste
n. sanikkut.
waste tissue (from scraping) n. amiqâuk.
watch (time) n. sassaq (2).
watch, to ~ a movie vt. qiñiqsitaaq-;
vt. qiñiqtuaq-.
watch, to ~ closely vt. naipiq-.
watch, to ~ for people vi. misiksruq-;
vi. nasriqsruq- (2).

watch, to ~ for things/people in danger
naipiqtuq- (1).

vt.

watch, to ~ in a concealed position vt. iäiuqâiq-.

421

watch, to ~ outwatch, to ~ out vi. qaunakkiaàik-;vi. qaunatqiaàik-.
watch, to ~ over vi. qaunagi-;
vt. misiksri-;
vt. munaài-;
vt. munaqsri-;
vt. qaunaksri-.
watch tower n. nappaqsraq (2).
watchful, to be ~ vi. munaqnaq- (2).
watchfulness n. qaunakkun.
watchman n. munaqsri;
n. qaunaksri (1).
watchman on a barge or boatn. umiaàmiu.
water barrel with a cover n. qattaq.
water container n. imiqaàvik.
water, drinkable ~ n. imiq.
water, for there to be much ~ vi. imaqtu-.
water, fresh ~ n. imiàiksaaq.
water, good ~ n. imillautaq.
water hole n. imiqtaàvik (1).
water hole in the ice (for winter use) n. sikutaq(2).
water, legendary large ~ animal n. niàrulluk.
water, open ~ along the beach n. killiäiqsinniq.
water ouzel n. aanaruiñ kiviruq.
water plant, edible ~ n. nakaaq.
water porter n. imiqqiri (1);n. imiqtaqtuqti.
water pump n. qallun (2).
water, to ~ vi. kuvviuq- (2);vt. imaqtiq-.
water, to ~ (of the eyes) vi. qulvi-.

water, to ~ (of the eyes, caused by wind or cold)
vi. qulviáiuànaq-.

water, to fall into ~ vi. imaaq-.
water, to fetch ~ (in winter) vt. sikutaq-.
water, to haul ~ vt. imiqtaq-.
water, to have running ~ vi. iminik-.
waterfalln. maqsraluk;n. quàluqtaq.

water-filled hole on ice n. qaamniq.
waterless, to be ~ vi. imàiáaaq-.
waterproof sock n. atutraq.
waterproof, to ~ boots vt. imaqsiusri-.
water-soaked ground n. misaâhak (2).
watery, to become ~ vt. piaksi- (2).
wave, big ~ n. qaiáiqpak;
n. qaiqpak.

wave, frozen ~ covered with snow n. qayuqâaq.
wave in ocean n. qaggaq.
wave, to ~ vi. ipsuktaq-;
vi. mayuuàauraaq-.

wave, to ~ one's arms vi. isaqqiáa- (C) (2);vt. isaaqtaq- (C);weight, to add ~vt. israaqtaq-.

waves, to be caught in big ~ vi. qaiáàuutipkaq-.
wax, to ~ a thread vt. piaksi- (1).
wax, to ~ (of the moon) vi. puktallak- (2).
wax, used on thread for easier sewing n. piagun.
waxed, to be ~ vi. piak- (3).
waxwing, Bohemian n. suluktaatchialik.
wayn. tumiksraq.
way of doing n. piãiq.
way, what ~? quest. sukun?
we (three or more) pron. uvagut.
we (two)pron. uvaguk.
weak person
n. payaapak.
weak spot n. tuqua.
weak, to be ~ vi. aqtuq- (C);vi. payaäa-;
vi. saääiit-;
vi. sayait-;vi. suaäait-.
weakness n. sayairrun.
wealthn. suàaliq;
n. suuraq;
n. suurat.
wealthy, to become ~ vi. suàallak-.
weaned, to be ~ vi. miluguiq-.
weaponn. satku.
wear, to ~ vi. atuq- (2);vt. ati-2.

wear, to ~ a garment (very) low below the
waistline vi. kiviäa-.
wear, to ~ no outer coat vi. mattaaq-.
wear, to ~ warm winter clothingvi. uqquaàik-.
weaseln. itiàiaq;n. tiàiaq.

weathern. siáa (1).
weather, frigid ~ n. irri (C);n. itri.

weather side, toward the ~ pos.adv. paaqtutmun.
weather, to be good spring ~ when seals bask inthe sun on the ice vi. qaänaaq-.
weatherman n. siáaliqiri.
weave, to ~ (in travel) vt. saquuq-.
webbing, fine snowshoe ~ n. nuluq.
wedge
n. tattuqutaq (2).
wedge, a ~ n. tattuqqun.
Wednesday n. qitchiuâiq.
week
n. akuniqsaaq.
week, one ~ n. savaiññiq (2).
weep, to ~ vi. qia-;
vi. qulvi-.

weigh, to ~ vt. uqumaisilaaq-.
weight, excess ~ n. uqumaiáutaq.
weight for fish net n. salliñiq.
weight, to add ~ vt. uqumaiái-2.

422

weight, to gain ~whipweight, to gain ~vi. uqsrak-1;
vi. uqumaiái-1;
vi. uviññak-.
weight, to have ~ vi. uqumait-.
weight, to lose ~ vi. uqigái-.
weigth, to gain ~ vi. quiñisi-.
welcome, to ~ guests vt. tukkiqsuq-.
welcomed, to feel ~ vi. tagialanait-.
"well..."
excl. amiami.
well
n. imiqtaàvik (2);n. kaäi (2);n. maqisaàvik;n. nivviaq;
n. siiqsinniq (3);n. suvliktuaàuraaq;
n. suvliktuaq.
well, to be ~ vi. suàait-2 (2).
well, to be doing ~ vi. tutchaàiksi-.
well, to be doing ~ reportedly vi. tutchaàiäñaq(1).
well, to become ~ vi. nakuqsi-.
well, to look ~ vi. tauttuàik-.
well-balanced, to be emotionally ~ vi. mamiit-.
west siden. saa (2).
wet, for snow to become ~ vi. nivviàiksi-.
wet ground n. misrak (2).
wet, to be ~ vi. aàiñaq-;vi. aiáaq-;vi. imau-;vi. ipsulik-;vi. ivsulik- (C).
wet, to become ~ vi. imaàuq-;vi. ipsuligaq-;
vi. ivsuligaq-;
vi. mitchiq-.
wet, to become ~ from damp snow vi. misauti-.
wet, to become ~ inside one's bootsvi.
qulaanik-.
wet, to leave ~ vt. imaupkaq-.
whale bone n. suqqaq.
whale, bowhead ~ n. aàviq.
whale calf n. aàvaaq.
whale, female ~ with calf n. aàvaalik.
whale, gray ~ n. aàviàluaq.
whale, large ~ with blubber n. iäutuvak.
whale, male ~ n. usiääuatchauraq.
whale, medium-size male ~ n. usiääuatchiaq.
whale mixture, container for aging ~ n.
mikigaun.
whale mixture, fermented ~ n. mikigaq.
whale skin n. maktak.
whale, to catch a ~ vt. aàvak-.
whale, young ~ n. iäutuq.

423

whaling, to beach boats after ~ season vt.
qaksruq-2.

whaling, to go ~ vi. ataaqtuq- (1).
whaling, to go ~ over ice vi. atiq- (1).
whaling, to prepare to go ~ vt. umiààiqsaq-.
whaling, to return from ~ vi. qaksruq-1.
whaling, to set up a ~ crew vt. umiààiq-.
what?
— sua;

quest. ai?;quest. haiy? (C);quest. qanuq;
quest. sumik?;quest. suna?
what are you saying? quest. qanuqpich-uvva.
what did you come for? quest. suliaqpich?
what things? excl. sua-li.
what time is it? (C) quest. qapsiäukpa?
whatever! excl. tasramma-qanuq.

whatever it is! (expression of resignation orrecognition) excl. qanuàliqaa.
what's happening to you? quest. qanuqpich-uvva.
what's that? — sua.
wheat
n. mukkaaksraq.
wheatear, European ~ n. tiämiaqpauraq.
wheel
n. aksraligaq.
wheeze, to ~ vi. qimisaak-.
wheeze, to ~ (sleeping) vi. siñaaqsruk-.
whelp
n. ivaaq;
vi. iva- (1).
adv. qaaglaan.
quest. qaäaaglaan.
adv. qakugu.
quest. naami;
quest. nani.
where from? quest. sugnamiñ?

when
when?
wheneverwhere?

where from is the wind blowing?

quest.
sukniqpa?
where to? quest. napmun.
whetstone n. ipiksaun;
n. siááiñ.
which?
quest. kisu.
which one of the two? quest. nalliak?
which way? quest. naukun.
while, after a ~ adv. maatnugu.
while ago adv. akku.
while, wait a ~ adv. maatnugu.
whimbrel n. siituvak.
whimper, to ~ in pain vi. qinaalauraq-.

whimper, to ~ when having nightmares
qumaäai-.
whine, to ~ vi. imäaluk-1 (2).
whip
n. ipiàaqtuun;
n. kakiaqâiàaun;n. mapkuqtaun.

vi.

whip, to ~will, to ~whip, to ~ vt. ipiàaq-2 (2).
whipped, to be ~ (by wind) vi. qaggaq-.
whir
n. imiglula (2).
whir, to ~ vi. timmaala-.
whirlwind n. iyalulasaaq;

n. tuunàaurisaaq;
n. uyalulaq.
whiskern. umik.
whisper, to ~ vi. isivruk-1;
vi. sivruk-;vi. uqauraq- (1);vt. isivruaàvigi-;
vt. isivruk-2.
whistlen. uviñäiuqsraun.
whistle, to ~ vi. uviñauq-;
vi. uviñäiaq-.
whistle, to ~ (of a swan) vi. qalàuq-.
whistle, to ~ (of wind)vi. siuàruk- (2).

whistling, to make a ~ sound (of marmot) vi. siula(2).

white, to be ~ vi. qatiq-.
white whale n. sisuaq.
whitecap waves n. qatiqtitaq.
whitefishn. aanaakâiq (C);n. amatchiaq;
n. aqalupiaq;
n. iqalupiaq;
n. iqalusaaq;
n. qaalàiq;
n. qalupiaq;
n. qalusraaq;
n. qausriáuk;
n. quptik;
n. siraatchiaq (2);n. tipuk.
whitefish, dried ~ n. paniqtuuraq;
n. pivsiraq.
whitefish net n. aanaakâiqsiun;n. qausriáuksiun.
whitefish, to catch ~ vt. iqalusaaq-;
vt. qalusraaq-.
white-fronted goose n. qigiyuk.
whiteness n. qatiqtaaq.
white-out (of weather) n. qupyugaàniq.
white-out, to turn into ~ vi. qupyugaànaq-.
whittle, to ~ vi. sana-.
who?
quest. kiña;
quest. kisu.
who? whose? quest. kia?
wholebase. iluqaq.
whole, in the ~ pos.adv. iluqaani.
whole thing n. aulaiáaq.
whole, to be ~ vi. aulait-;vi. suàait-2 (1).

whoop, to ~ when dancing
vi. tuavit-.

vi. qatchak-;

whooping cough, to have ~ vi. atqaqsaaq- (2).
why?
quest. supman?
whyquest. suvaata.
wick
n. ipiàaq (1).
wick adjuster n. tatqiun.
wicked, to be ~ vi. pigiiáaaq-.
wickedness n. pigiiãiq.
wide open area n. taqpaàruaq.
wide, something ~ n. iraqumak (2).
wide, to be ~ vi. aatchaqtu- (C);vi. atitu- (C);vi. ikiqtu-;
vi. ikkarraqtu- (C) (1);vi. iraqtu-;
vi. niàutu-;
vi. siáik-;vi. taàutu-.
wide, to be ~ open vi. taqpa-.
wide-awake, to become ~vi. qipsi- (2);vi. qiptaiq-.
wide-eyed, to be ~ vi. iriqpaqaq-;
vi. kavlaq-.
wide-eyed, to become ~ vi. kavlaqsi-.
widen, to ~ vi. niàutuq-;
vt. tasiqsruq- (C)2;
vt. tasirruk- (C).
widen, to ~ by adding vt. tappiq-2 (1).
widen, to ~ by adding sideways vi. tappiqsiq-.
widespread, to be ~ vi. uvsiit- (2).
widow
n. uiágaànaaq.
widowed, to become ~ vi. uiágaq-.
widowern. nuliiàñiq;n. nuliiqsauq.
widower, to become ~ vi. nuliiq-.
widowhood n. tuvaaqataiàñiq.
width of material n. ikkarraq (2).
wife
n. nuliaq (1).
wife, non-residential ~ n. nuliuraq (2).
wig
n. nuyaääuaq.
wiggle, to ~ vi. mitäaq-;vi. papiqqiáa- (1).
wild rhubarb n. quäulliq.
wild rosen. kakitáuänaq.
wilderness n. iñuiáaaq;n. suiáaaq1;
n. suviksraiáaaq.
will
n. atchiàñiq (1);n. atchiiñiq (1);n. pisuâiq;n. pitqutaq (2).
will, to ~vt. atchiq- (3);vt. iññiq-2 (1);424willing, to be ~(with) how many?
windpipe
n. tuqâu (2).
windproof, to be ~ vi. uquuk- (2).
wind-sheltered side n. qamaniq.
windshield n. paggutaq.
windswept area n. arguqâiq (1).
wind-tossed wave n. aäalatchiqsuaq.
windward side, located on the ~ pos.adv. arguani

vt. paitchi-.

willing, to be ~ vi. piyummaaàik-.
willingness n. piyumman.
willow
n. uqpik.
willow, arctic dwarf ~ n. sigruqisak.
willow, dry ~ branches n. qirulliq.
willow leaf, edible ~ n. quaàaq (2).
willow shoot n. qaàruuraq.
willow stick n. qaàruuraq.
willow stick with snare attached
n.

(1).

windy, to be ~ vi. anuqâiq-.
wine
n. misuàuq (2).
wing
n. isaàuq (C);maksruksaaq.
vi. tuquliäa-.
vt. aki- (2);vt. piññaktaaài-.
win, to ~ a raffle vt. nalaut- (3).
win, to ~ in a contest vt. akiiái-.
win, to ~ in competition vt. payari- (1).
win, to ~ in gambling vt. taksi-.
wince, to ~ vi. kigiñaàiiái-;vi. uluàiaq- (1).
wince, to ~ when startled vi. qugluk-.
windn. anuài.
wind direction n. arguq.
wind, downriver ~ n. kanaknaq.
wind, east ~ n. kivaknak.
wind, easterly ~ n. atchaaàniq (C).
wind from upriver n. kivaknak.
wind, into the ~pos.adv. paaqtutmun.
wind, north ~ n. ikagnaq (C);n. nigaaàruk;n. nigiqpak (1).
wind, northwest ~ n. kanaknaq;
n. nigiqpak (2).
wind, ocean ~ n. kanaknaq.
wind, protection from ~ n. taalutaq (2).
wind, shelter from the ~ n. arguiáisaq.
wind, south ~ n. uaknaq.
wind, southeast ~ n. kivaknak.
wind, souther ~ n. uäalaq.
wind, southwest ~ n. uäalaq.
wind, strong ~ before a rain n. qiññauàruaq.
wind, to ~ vi. qipi- (1).
wind vane n. anuàisiun (1).
wind, west ~ n. uaknaq.
windbreak n. paggutaq;
n. uquutaq (1).
wind-dried item n. puvipquqtaq.
winding key for a clock n. qippun (1).
window
n. igalaaq (C) (1);n. igaliq (1).
window, to break a ~ vt. igalaaq- (C);vt. igalàiyaq-.
window, to make a ~ vt. igaliliuq-.
window, to repair a ~ vt. igaliàliuq-.

wilt, to ~win, to ~n. israàuq.

wing feather
n. suluk.
wink, to ~ vi. siqunàipak-;vi. siqutniq-;
vt. iquraq- (1).
winnern. akimmatri;
n. iäiaqatautraq;
n. sivulikkatautraq.
winnings of a gambler
n. taktaq.
wintern. ukiuq.

winter clothes, to have insulated ~ vi. uquq- (2).
winter clothing n. ukiuqsiutit.
winter skin n. ukiulliq.
winter, to spend the ~ vi. ukii-.
winter, to turn to ~ vi. ukiuq-.
wintering, place for ~ n. ukiivik.
wipe, to ~ vt. allaqtiq-.
wipe, to ~ after defecating vt. iqquq-.
wipe, to ~ dry vt. tilaktuq-.
wipe, to ~ hands vt. ivik-.
wipe, to ~ one's mouth vt. tipliiyaq-;
vt. tivliiyaq-.

wire
n. alàuraq.
wire, hot ~ (for boring holes)
wisdomn. isumattun (C);n. qaqqun.

n. isrumattun;
n. puqiun.
wise person n. isumaturuaq (C);n. isrumaturuaq.
wise, to be ~ vi. isiáàatu-;
vi. isumatu- (C);vi. isrumatu-;
vi. puqik-.
wise, to become ~ vi. isumattuq-;
vi. isrumattuq-.
wiseacren. iáisimatluäniraaqtuaq.
wish
n. pigisukkaq.
wish for, to ~ vi. ququq-;
vt. tusru-.
wishing
encl. -asru (2);excl. uvvatuq.
(with) how many? quest. qapsiñik;
quest. qavsiñik?

425

withdraw, to ~worn, to become ~ out

withdraw, to ~ vi. iqiliq-.
wither, to ~ vi. piiñàiàaq-;wood chips n. ikuàutiksrat;

vi. tuqulluq-.
withered, to be ~ vi. qasuäa- (1);vi. qasru- (1);vi. qasruäa- (1).
withhold, to ~ (information) vt. itquqnait- (2);vt. piiáaaq-.
without fear, to be ~ vi. taluqsrautaiq-.
witnessn. iáisimarauruaq;
n. iáisimari.
witness, to ~ vi. iáisimarau-;
vi. takkuqsraaq-.
wolf
n. amaàuq.
wolf dance n. paatuqtuq (2).
wolf down, to ~ vt. aâhatit-;
vt. apqaâak- (C).
wolf ruff, choice ~ piece n. pikuk (2).
wolf's skin, item with ~ n. amaàulik.
wolf-scarer n. imigluktaaq;
n. imigluktaun.
wolverine n. qapvik;
n. qavvik.

wolverine fur, strip of ~ from shoulders down toleg n. kiativiñiq.
wolverine, second strip of ~ skin n. tulugauraq
(2).

woman
n. aànaq (1).
woman, beautiful ~ n. aànaàiksaaq.
woman companion
n. aànauniq (1).
woman object n. aànaqtaq.
woman, old ~ n. aaquaksraatchiaq;
n. aaquaksraq;
n. aaquk.
woman, young ~ n. aànauraq.

woman, young ~ (marriageable)n. aànaiáaaq.
woman, young unmarried ~ n. niviaqsiàaq.
woman's dress pants (of caribou skins from frontlegs) n. sivuàalgich.
woman's long boots n. sivuàaligaak.
woman's slip n. ikiaàun (C);n. ikiaq.

womb
n. illiaq.
women's underpants n. qaàliik (2).
wonderencl. -tai.
wonder where from? quest. nakitñatai.
wonderful item n. quviqnaqtuaq.
woo, to ~ (expressing tender feeling toward awoman) vt. sanmisi- (2).
woodn. qiruk;n. unaqsiq (2).

wood, charred ~ n. aumali.
wood chip n. ulimmakuq.
wood chip, curved ~ from whittlingn. sannaq.

n. saannanikkut;
n. sakiàmiat.
wood chopper n. qirri.
wood, dry ~ n. palliq (1);n. qirulliq.
wood gatherer n. qirri.
wood, rotten ~ n. ausruliñiq.
wood seller n. qirriqiri (2).
wood shaving n. sakiàmakku.
wood, to bend ~ vi. piqtiq-.
wood, to chop ~ vt. qirriqi-;
vt. qiruliqi-.
wooden barrel n. imàusiaàruk (C) (1).
wooden bench n. unaqsiq (1).
woodland person n. napaaqtuàmiu.
woodpecker n. tuuyuq (1);n. tuuyuq (3).
woodworker n. qirriqiri (1).
wooln. qiviu.
word
n. taiñiq (2);n. uqaluk;n. uqaâiq (1).
Word (Bible) n. uqaâiq (1).
word (grammar) n. taisaàniq.
work badly, to ~ vi. savaniqâuk-.
work, go to ~ on ... vi. savviaq-.
work hard, to ~ vi. sakkaq-;
vt. sakkiqi-.
work, piece of ~ n. savaaq (2).
work, to ~ vi. kipaluk-;vi. savak-.
work, to ~ a lot vi. savvaqtu-.
work, to ~ all night vi. unnui- (3).
work, to ~ at a fish cannery vi. qalliaq-.
work, to ~ at one's best ability vi. piágutilaaq-.
work, to ~ better vi. suammak- (2).
work, to ~ carelessly vi. piâukataq-.
work, to ~ very hard vi. sakuuk-.
work, to ~ well vi. savitu-.
work, to ~ with dogs vi. qipmiqãiqi-.
workern. savaktaaàruk;n. savakti;n. savautriruaq.
working, to be ~ vi. suniaq-.

worm (in the nasal cavity, especially of caribou) n.
tagiuq.

worm (lives in water) n. kumaàuq (1).
worm, water ~ n. nimiàiaq.
worm which lives in water n. kayuäiiqsruk.
worm-infested, to become ~ vi. qupilàu-.
wormy, to be ~ (of water) vi. kumaàuu-.
worn, to be ~ vi. nuäu-.
worn, to become ~ out vi. saakâi- (3).

426

worried, to be ~wry face, to make a ~worried, to be ~ vi. piäiksraq-.
worried, to become ~ vi. isrumatuyaaliq-.
worry, object of a person's ~ n. isumaaluun (C);n. isrumaaluun.

worry, to ~ vi. ilàaviaàruk-;vi. isumaaluk- (C);vi. isumaaluutigi- (C);vi. isumanikãuk- (C);vi. isrumaaluk-;vi. isrumaaluutigi-;
vi. isrumanikãuk-;vi. piäigi-.
worry, to ~ about someone vt. kappiagi- (1).
worsen, to ~ at night (of a sick person) vi.
unnuuti-.
worship service n. agaayyuvigiâiq.
worship, to ~ vi. agaayyuvigi-;
vi. purvigi-;
vt. aanàuaq-;
vt. agaayumaaàvigi-;
vt. agaayumaaq-;
vt. aäaayumaaàvigi-;
vt. aäaayumaaq-;
vt. sitquàvigi- (2).
worthless item n. sualuk.
worthless, to be ~ vi. atugaksraunàiq-;vi. atuànaiq-;
vi. atuäaiq-;
vi. palaq-1;
vi. suuyumiñait-.
worthless, to feel ~vi. suksraunàiq-1 (2).
worthy, to be ~ (of a person) vi. akisuruaäu-.
wound
n. anniaq;
n. atniaq.
wound, bad ~ n. kiááiqãuk.
wound, to ~ an animal
vt. ikiááiq-.
wound, to ~ slightly vt. aksiuk-.

wreckage afloat after shipwreck n. puktaàusiq.
wrecked, to have one's house ~ vt. tupqiyaq- (3).
wrenchn. aäivraun.
wrestle, to ~ vi. suàuk-.
wrestle, to ~ with wrists interlocked vi. aqamak(1).

wrestle, to arm ~ vi. taliàmik-.
wretched, to be ~ vi. piiááiuqtuaq-.
wriggle, to ~ vi. siqpala-.
wring, to ~ out vi. sivvuq-.
wrinkle, facial ~ n. imuâuäniq.
wrinkle, to ~ vt. uglikâuk-;vt. ulluk-;vt. ulluuq-.

wrinkle, to ~ (from heat) vi. qiluk-.
wrinkle, to ~ one's nose vi. iqsuk-;vi. naqsik-1 (1).
vi. iqsuäa-;
vi. qilukâuk-.
wrinkled, to become ~vi. imuâuk-;vi. ulluk-.
wrinkles, to form ~ in face vi. imuâuäniñik-.
wrist
n. argaun (C);n. tayaàniq.

wrinkled, to be ~wrist guard (made of bone and worn by archers) n.
manäiaq.

wrist pull, to do ~ vi. argaunmik- (C);vi. tayaàmigaq-.

wristband (of fur) n. tayaàniàun.
wristletn. taliàmiutaq;

n. tayaàniàun.
vt. aglak-;vt. aglauti-.
write, to ~ a letter vt. tuyuq- (2).
writhe, to ~ (in pain) vi. pikaala- (1).
writing (finished) n. aglaaq.
writing (planned) n. aglaaksraq.
written, to be ~ vi. agliusima-.
wrong, to be ~ vi. iâuit- (2).

write, to ~wounded caribou that runs away unobserved n.
kavraq (2).

wounded, to be ~ vi. ikiááau-.
woven, to be ~ tightly vi. upsik- (3);wrong, to commit ~ unintentionallypiraàluk-.
wrong, to do ~ vi. killuliqi-;
vt. killuqsaq-.
wrong, to go the ~ way vi. ulapniq-1.
wrong way pos.adv. killukun.
wrongdoer n. killuliqiri;
n. killuqsaqti.
wrongdoing n. killuqsaun;
n. killuun.
wrongly
pos.adv. killukun.
wry face, to make a ~ vi. siiàáit-1 (2).

vi. uvsik- (3).
excl. aqh!
vt. imuri-;
vt. nimiqsruq-;
vt. puuq-;
vt. puuqtuq-.
wrappern. puuksraq (2).
wrapping n. nimiq.
wrappings n. nimiàutit.
wrath
n. qiniqaun (1).
wrath: divine retribution n. qiniqaun (2).

wow!
wrap, to ~

427

vi.

yawn, to ~zipperY - yyawn, to ~ vi. aatchauq- (1).
year
n. ukiuq.
year after year adv. aippaagu (2).
year before last adv. aippaani (2).
yearn, to ~ for vt. kipiàniuq-2.
yearn, to ~ to follow vi. natchik-.
yearning
n. pisugruaàun (1);yes; oh!
excl. aa1.
yesterday (on the day before the present day) adv.
ikpaksraq.

yesterday (the day before the present day) n.

ikpaksraq.
vi. maliksuaguti-;
vi. maliäuàuti-;
vi. uqautisuànaq- (1).
yoken. akigaun (C);n. akiyaun;
n. akiyautaq;
n. saagaun.
yoke (for animals) n. qamuutaq (2).
yonder, from ~ dem.adv. amakäa;
dem.adv. amaääa (C).
yonder, toward ~ dem.adv. amuäa;
dem.adv. avuäa.
young of an animal n. ivaaq.
young, person who remained ~ n.
aäayuqaanàitchuaq (1);n. aäayuqaaäitchuaq (1).
young, to be ~ (o people) vi. nutau-.
'you're right' excl. taatnaluasru.
yowl, to ~ vi. imñiqsaq-.
yowl, to ~ with pain (of animal) vi. maàaala-.

yield, to ~n. pisuänaun (1).

years ago, some ~ adv. aippaani (1).
years past, in ~ adv. qaäapak.
years, two ~ ago adv. ukiutqik.
yeastn. imaksraq (1).
yell, to ~vi. avaala-;

vi. avaalaqâuk-;vi. iàiala-;
vi. uiàuala-.
yell, to ~ with fright vi. kappiala-.
yellow jacket n. iáaatqusriqsalik (1);n. tugayuuq.
yellowlegs, lesser ~ n. tiämiam qipmia.
yellowness n. simiqtaaq (1);n. suäaqpaluk.
yesexcl. ii.
yes, certainly excl. aagaluaq.
"Yes, maybe" excl. iisuknaq.
yes, maybe encl. -ami-tara (1).

Z - z
zeal
n. piyumaâiq.
zigzag line n. supiaq.
zigzag, to proceed on a ~ course
zip, to ~vi. sippaq-.
zippern. sippaq (1).

vi. saquipiáuk-.

428

Appendices

429

430

Appendix 1
Basic Verb Classification
Iñupiatun differentiates seven classes of verbs, as the following charts demonstrate. When aderivational suffix is added to a stem, some changes occur, either stem-final or suffix-initial. A
derivational suffix expands the meaning of a stem or changes its character. Observe the changes that arecaused by the vowel /i/ if it occurs after another vowel or after two consonants. (This /i/ is sometimes
referred to as the “strong I.”) Changes occur in all seven classes.

Class Meaning stem
1a - V to thank quyato die
to readchanges caused by derivational affixation-(C)V*-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*)-C*(*)

quya-aqsi- quyya-tiquyaniaq- quyalgit- quya-viaqtuqutuqu-aqsituqqu-tituquniaqtuqulgittuqu-viaqagliqi- agliqi-aqsi- Agliq-quti- agliqiniaq- agliqilgit- agliqi-viaq-

Quyaaqsiruq payukmatni niqinik.
He became thankful when they served him food.
Taaktit takku tuquniaàniyaat.
The doctors [said] that she was going to die.
changes caused by derivational affixation-(C)V*-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*) -C*(*)

Class
Meaningstem
1b - i to spend a day uvli- uvli-aqsi- uvli-sito eat

niài-

uvli-ñiaq- uvliágitniài-aqsi- niàài-si- niàiñiaq- niàiágit-uvliviaqniàiviaq-

Iáiágaaq aanaäan uvlisiraàigaa.
The child spent the day with his grandmother.
Iñuich niàiñialgitchut maani anaqavak.
People are going to eat here again tonight.
Class
Meaning
2 - VV to reply

stemkiuto stay home pai-changes caused by derivational affixation-(C)V*-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*) -C*(*)
kiu-gaqsi- kigguti- kiuniaq- kiulgitpai-gaqsi- paggisi- paiñiaq- paiágit-kiuviaqpaiviaq-

Miiyuum paggisigaa iáannaàmi qitunàaäa. Miiyuk babysat her friend’s child.
Putum paggisigaa aapani. Putu is staying home with his father.
Apiqsruàaluaàikma kiggutiksraitchikpiñ. You asked me, [but] I have no answer for you.

Class Meaning stem
3 – t(i) to arrive tikitto arise-(C)V*

changes caused by derivational affixation-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*)-C*(*)

tikit-kaqsitikir-rutitikiñ-ñiaqtikiágittikitpiaqmakit- makit-kaqsi- makir-ruti- makin-niaq- makilgit- makitpiaq431

Aullalgiññiqsuq tallimanun sassaq tikitchuänaqsipman.
He went out again when the day had reached about five o’clock in the afternoon.
Putu tikiññiaqtuq mauäa. Putu is going to come here.
Qiñiqtinniagaqsirusi takiruamik agaayuplusi.
You are trying to show people [that] you [take] long as you pray.
Class
Meaning
4a - q to speak
to use, sing
to reveal
4b - q to meetto break arm

changes caused by derivational affixation-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*)-C*(*)

stem-(C)V*

uqaqatuqsagviqpaaqtalliaq-

uqa-aqsiatu-aqsisagvi-aqsipaa-gaqsitallia-gaqsi-

uqa-utiatu-utisagvi-utipaaà-utitalliaà-uti-uqaà-niaqatuà-niaqsagvià-ñiaqpaaà-niaqtalliaà-niq-

uqa-lgitatu-lgitsagvi-ágitpaa-lgittallia-lgit-

uqaqpiaqatuqpiaqsagviqpiaqpaaqpiaqtalliaqpiaq-

Aäun sagviaqsiruq tupqum tunuaniñ.
The man started to appear from behind the house.
Kasaänaaluk, qaukâiq, uqaàniaqtuq uvlaakun.
Kasaänaaluk, the president, is going to talk tomorrow.
Putulu Miiyuglu paaàutiruk tauqsiàñiaàviämi.
Putu and Miiyuk met each other in the store.
Iñunäunaqpagitáuni tallialgitchuq.
As he is so active, he broke his arm [as others have done].
Class Meaning stem
aluk5 - k to lick
to work
to see-(C)V*

changes caused by derivational affixation-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*)-C*(*)

alu-aqsialu-utialu-lgitalukpiaqaluä-niaqsavak- sava-aqsi- sava-uti- savaä-niaq- sava-lgit- savakpiaqtautuk- tautu-aqsi- tautu-uti- tautuä-niaq- tautu-lgit- tautukpiaq-

Aatchuàupku aluäniaàaa alliugaq. If you give [the dog] the dish he will lick it.
Iñuk tautuäniagaqsiñiqsuq iáamiñik agaayyiaqami.
The man started to see his relatives when he went to church.
Putu minàuqtuq savavaaâakhuni. Putu is exhausted having worked very much.

Class Meaning
stem
to
roast
meat
kakiak6-k
to work hard-(C)V*

changes caused by derivational affixation-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*)-C*(*)

kakiag-aqsi- kakiag-uti- kakiaä-niaq- kakia-lgit- kakiakpiaqsakuuk- sakuug-aqsi- sakuug-uti- sakuuä-niaq- sakuu-lgit- sakuukpiaq-

Qiñiàniàai sakuullapiaqhutiä iputtuat.
He saw them as they were really working hard rowing.
Sakuugutiqaàitchi niqimun ittuksramun isruitchuamun iñuuâiàmun.
Go ahead and work for food that lasts into eternal life.
432

changes caused by derivational affixation-(C)V*-(u)t(i)-n**-CC*(*)-C*(*)Class Meaning stem
7a CC to follow malik- mali-aqsi- malg-uti- maliä-niaq- mali-lgit- malikpiaqto drink
to sleep7b CC to trap

imiqsiñikikniq-

imi-aqsi
siñi-aqsiikni-aqsi-

imà-utiimià-niaqsiñg-uti- siniä-niaqiknià-uti- iknià-ñiaq-imi-lgitsiñi-lgitikni-ágit-imiqpiaqsiñikpiaqikniqpiaq-

Malilgitmiuäaptuuq aullaaqsipman. I also followed again when he started to leave.
Imiaqsiááaktuq imiàmik. He began drinking water.
Siñgutiginiàaa atuqtuuraqtuaq. He was sleeping with the music on.
Ikniágiññiàaa tarra qipmiuraq. [The mother] caught the puppy again, I heard.

433

Appendix 2
Verb Moods and Inflectional Suffixes
The charts on the following pages show the suffixes as they are needed for the various verb
moods. These charts also appear in Let’s Learn Eskimo and in North Slope Iñupiaq Grammar. The
user of this dictionary may consult those publications for further information.
The following summary shows only briefly how the various verb moods are used.

Indicative – 1) for statements, 2) for “yes/no” questions, usually with the enclitic –qaa
Interrogative – 1) for content questions, 2) for exclamations
Imperative: Positive – for commands (rare)
Imperative: Negative – for prohibiting an action
Imperative: Optative – for expressing a wish or hope, usually with the enclitic -tuq
Coordinative – 1) actions or states subordinate to the main (independent) verb and involve the same
subject, 2) with 2nd person suffix, for requests, command, or suggestion
Coordinative with –pkaq/tit – actions or states subordinate to the main (independent) verb andinvolve a different subject
Coordinative Positive with –(g)aluaq – to express concession (“although, event though”)
Coordinative Negative with –(g)aluaq – to express preceding action (“before”)
Conditional action realized – “when (in the past)”
Conditional action unrealized – “if (in the future)” [expressed in English with “when”]
Conditional/R[ealized] with –(g)aluaq – to express simultaneity, contemporary action (“while”)
Conditional/U[nrealized] with –(g)aluaq – to make hypothetical concession (“even if”)

434

Inflectional Suffixes – Intransitive
1. INDEPENDENT MOODSINDICATIVE (statement)

sg
du
pl

First
Tuäa
Tuguk
Tugut

SecondTutin
Tutik
Tus(r)i

Third
Tuq
Tuk
Tut

The capital T in these suffixes represents an abstraction of a consonant: this consonant appears as ch(when it follows a t-final stem), as /r/ (when it follows a vowel-final stems) except after –mi–(where there is no consonant), as /s/ (when it follows iq or ik, the so-called “strong” I), as /t/ when
it follows all other stems. For example,
Iñuk iñuuniaäitchuq niqiâhiñakun.
Man does not live only by food.
Iáisimaruq inuqsraqtilaapsitñik tamatkuniäa.
He knows that you need these things.
Itkisipmiuq niàisuänaq.
[There] will also be famine.
Jesus niàiqatauniqsuq maliàuaqtimiñi.
Jesus eats together with his disciples.
Nipaisaaqtuq uqaäitáuni sumik.
He remained quiet and didn’t say a thing.
INTERROGATIVE (question or exclamation)

sg
du
pl

First
pik
piñuk
pisa

Second
pich
pisik
pisi

Third
pa
pak
pat

The initial /p/ of the suffix changes to /v/ if the suffix follows a vowel-final stem. For example,
Qanutun quviasuktigivich!
How happy you are!
Suvaata utlautivich uvaänun?
Why are you coming to me?
Kiggutiksraiññiqpich?
Don’t you have any answer?
Qanuàuvva uqautriñiaàniqpich aniqatiupnun?
How can you speak to your brother?

435

IMPERATIVE-AFFIRMATIVE (command)

sg
du
pl

First
laäa
luk
ta

Secondin(t)itik(t)itchi

Third
li
lik
lich

(The singular form of the Second person /in/ appears as –tin only following t-final stems. The 2nd
dual and plural forms appear with the /t/ following vowel- and t-final stems.)
Utlautiiñ tuppamni itchaqtuaàutin.
Come into my house and stay a while.
Makittin uvuäaàutin.
Get up and come here.
Savaglisuq ilipsitñi akuqtuyunaqtuamik iämiñun.
May he work in you what is acceptable to him.
Taamna iñuk iäiqsruàli arguaqqutaiàáugu.
Let that man ask without doubting.
Quviatchapiaàitchi tamanna atuumakpan.
Rejoice when that happens!
IMPERATIVE-NEGATIVE (negative imperative: “don’t”)

sg
du
pl

First
naäa
nanuk
nata

Secondnaknas(r)ik
nas(r)i

Third
nani
natik
natiä

Kiñaunniiñ sagluqinani iämiñik.
Let no one deceive himself.
Aäalatitnata kaäiàruaqtamun.
We are not to allow our old nature to rule us.
Piqasriqsuutinasri iliäitñi.
Don’t associate with them in this.

sg
du
pl

alternative form
First
Second
naäa
nak
qanuk
qasik
qata
qas(r)i

Sakuugutiqaqasri niqimik piunàiqsaqtuamik.
Don’t strive to have food that perishes.

436

Third
qani
qatik
qatiä

2. DEPENDENT MOODSCONDITIONAL/R - realized action (“when”)

Sg
Du
Pl

First
(k/n)ama(k/n)amnuk(k/n)apta

Second(k/n)avich(k/n)apsik(k/n)apsi

Third(k/n)ami(k/n)amik(k/n)amiä

3rd Diff(p)man(p)maknik(p)mata

The parenthetical (k) appears following k-final stems and vowel-final stems (double vowel). The
parenthetical (n) appears following t-final stems. It simply adds to q-final stems.
Isrummatigisiuä qanusriutilaaqsi tuqâukkaukapsi ukpiqsriruatquplusri.
Think about what you were when you were called that you should be believers.
Kisupayaam ikitnamiuä naniq iáitáaitkaa ataanun utkusium.
When someone has lit a lamp, he doesn’t place it under a pot.
CONDITIONAL/U - unrealized action (“if”; also: hypothetical case)

Sg
Du
Pl

First
(k)uma(k)umnuk(k)upta

Second(k)uvich(k)upsik(k)upsiThird(k)umi(k)umik(k)umiä

3rd Diff(k)pan(k)paänik
(k)pata

The parenthetical (k) appears following k-final stems and vowel-final stems (double vowel). The
parenthetical (n) appears following t-final stems. It simply adds to q-final stems.
Iñuuâiqaàukkuvich tupigiyumagitin tillisit.
If you want to have life you will obey the commands.
Aquvitkuvich kamanaqtuami atanàuvipni.
If (when) you sit down on your glorious throne to be ruler.
Pisuksiñaàuvich mamitiâhiñaugikma.
If you only want to, you could heal me.
COORDINATIVE (also: mild imperative)

sg
du
pl

First
luäa
lunuk
luta

Secondlutin
lusik
lus(r)i

Third
luni
lutik
lutiä

Also this mood differentiates between realized and unrealized action, or between non-future andfuture action. Based on the suffix for 3rd person singular, a pattern becomes clear: voiceless stop
consonants before this suffix –luni indicate that an action is realized; assimilation to voiced
consonants indicates unrealized action.

437

Base ending in Realized Action Unrealized Actiona, i, u-pluni-luni-t(i)t-lunil-luni-kk-hunig-uni-qq-hunià-uni
For example,
Action realized:
Tuqâulgiññiàaat aäun animaruaq ayauäapluni.
Once again, they called the man who had been born blind.
Tautuäniàaa Putu nalaruaq uunnaqâuktitluni.
He saw Putu lying [in bed] and having a fever.
Siqiñiq nipianikhuni.

When the sun had already set or, after the sun had set.
Tigliäniaqti tikitchaqtuq tigligiaqhuni.
The thief always comes in order to steal.
Action unrealized:
Agaayulusri ataramik.
Pray at all times.
Kiñapayaaq isrumaniàumi makitaniáuni payaäaiááuni, …
If anyone thinks that he is standing unshakably, …
Quviasrugusri takku piqaqtusri niàiukkamik.
Be happy because you have hope.
Aggiäitchuq savautipkaàiaàuni, aglaan savautrityaqhuni.
He didn’t come to be served, but to serve.
In addition to the function above, there is a so-called ‘impersonal’ in 3.sg, meaning ‘one doing ...’
The form is ‘-tuni’ usually, following vowel-final stems this changes to ‘–runi’.
Alianniuqtuni Agaayyutikun…
Sorrowing in God … or if one sorrows in God…
Maliàutaksrakuaànaqtuq ikayuiruni.
It is according to the law that someone help or When one helps, one follows the law.

438

INDICATIVE (Subject – Object Verb Suffixes for a statement)
Obj
Subj
First

Second

Third

Sing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
PluralSingular
iga
ikpuk
ikput
in
iktik
iksi
aa
aak
aat

Third
Dual
ikka
ivuk
ivut
ikkiñ
itik
isi
ik
iäik
aich

Plural
itka
ivut
ivut
itin
itik
isi
ai
aich
aich

Singular
ikpiñ
iptigiñ
iptigiñ

aatin
aatin
aatin

Second
Dual
iptik
iptik
iptik/~sik

aatik
aatik
aatik

Plural
ipsi
ipsi
ipsi

aas(r)iaas(r)iaas(r)iSingular

First
Dual

Pluralikma
ipsikäa
ipsitäa/~ña
aaäa
aakäa
aatäa

iptiguk
iptiguk
iptiguk
aatiguk
aatiguk
aatiguk

iptigut
iptigut
iptigut
aatigut
aatigut
aatigut

439

Correct coupling to the previous verb stem or verb stem plus postbases: in case of vowel-final stem insert a /g/ before the suffix; in case of tfinal stem with /i/ before the /t/, insert /ch/ before the suffix; in case of k-final stem insert a /k/ before the suffix. In case of the q-final stem thesuffix is simply added and the /q/ becomes a voiced consonant (“assimilates”).
INTERROGATIVE (Subject – Object Suffixes for a question)

Singular

Third
Dual

PluralSingular

SecondDualpigu/piyu
pisiguk
pisigupiuä
pitku
pisiuä
pauä/pagu
patku
patruä

pigik
pisigik
pisigik
pisigik
pitkikpisigikpagikpatkikpatigik

pigichpisigik
pisigik
pisigich
pisigik
pisigik
pagichpatigikpatigikpigiñ
pisigiñpisigiñ

pisik
pisik
pisik

Obj
Subj
First

Second

Third

Sing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
Plural

patin
patin
patin

patik
patik
patik

PluralSingular

First
Dual

Pluralpiäa
pisitäa/~ña
pisitäa/~ña
paäa
patäa
patäa

pisiguk
pisiguk
pisiguk
patiguk
patiguk
patiguk

pisigut
pisigut
pisigut
patigut
patigut
patigut

pisi
pisi
pisi

pas(r)ipas(r)ipas(r)i

All these suffixes in this set are added directly to the stem. When they follow vowel-final stems, the /p/ changes to /v/.

IMPERATIVE (Subject – Object suffixes for a command; used very sparingly)

Singular

Third
Dual

Plurallagu
lakpuklakput
/uä
-tku
siuä
liuä
litku
litruä

lagik
laptiklavut(t)kiksigik
sigik/~chligik
lisigiklisigik

lagichlaptigich
lavut(k)kichsigik/~chsigik/~chligichlisigiklisigich

Obj
Subj
First

Second

Third

Sing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
PluralSingular

SecondDual

Plurallakpiñ
laptigiñ
laptigiñ

laptiklaptiklaptik

lapsi
lapsi
lapsi

lisin
lisin
lisin

lisik
lisik
lisik

lisi
lisi
lisi

Singular

First
Dual

Plural-ääa
sikäa
sitäa/~ña
liäa/~ñalikäa
litäa/~ña

tiguk
tiguk
tiguk
lisiguk
lisiguk
lisiguk

tigut
tigut
tigut
lisigut
lisigut
lisigut

For 2s.3s applies: following a t-final stem, change /t/ to /r/ and geminate; all other stems: add and assimilate (voice the consonant).
440

COORDINATIVE (Subject – Object suffixes for dependent, simultaneous action; also used as a mild imperative)
Obj
Singular

Subj
First

Second

Third

Sing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
PluralSing
Dual
Plural

lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu

Third
Dual
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugik
lugik
lugik

Plural
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugichlugichlugichSingular

SecondDual

Plural

lugu
lugu
lugu

lugu
lugu
lugu

lugu
lugu
lugu

lugu
lugu
lugu

lugu
lugu
lugu

lugu
lugu
lugu

Singular

lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu

First
Dual

lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu

Plural

lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu
lugu

When these suffixes indicate realized action, the consonant before the suffix is voiceless; when unrealized action is in focus, the consonant isvoiced. For more information, see the explanation for the intransitive coordinative.

IMPERATIVE-NEGATIVE (Subject – Object suffixes for negative imperative: “don’t”)
ObjSingular

Subj

Third
Dual

PluralSingular

SecondDual

PluralSingular

First
Dual

Plural

Sing
Dual

441

naäa
naäa
First
natiguk
natiguk
atigukatigukPlural natigut
natigut
atigutatigutSing
nagu
nagichSecondDualnagu
Plural nas(r)iuä
nasigik
nasitäa/~ña
nasigut
asiuä
asigikasitäa/~ña
asigut
Sing
nagu
Third
Dual
nagik
Plural nagu
These suffixes are added to a stem. When the suffix follows a q-final stem, the alternate form is added to the /q/. For all other stem endings, use
the regular form.
CONDITIONAL (Subject – Object suffixes for realized action)
Third
Obj
Singular
Dual
PluralSingular
Subj

SecondDual

PluralSingular

First
Dual

Plural

Sing
apku
apkik
apkich
apkiñ
aptik
apsi
First
Dual
aptiguaptigik
aptigik
aptigiñ
aptik
apsi
Plural aptigu
aptigik
aptigik
aptigiñ
aptik
apsi
Sing
apku
apkik
apkichapäa
aptiguk
aptigut
SecondDual
aptiguaptigik
aptigikapsikäa
aptiguk
aptigut
Plural apsiuä
apsigik
apsigik
apsitäa/~ña aptiguk
aptigutSing
amiuä
amigikamigichamisinamisikamisi
amiäa
amisiguk amisigut
Third
Dual
amitkuamitkik
amitkik
amisinamisikamisi
amisiäa
amisiguk amisigut
Plural amitruä amisigik amisigiä
amisinamisikamisi
amitäa/~ña amisiguk amisigut
These suffixes are coupled to previous stems in the following manner: following a vowel-final stem, add a /k/ or a glottal stop (’) in front of thesuffix; following a t-final stem or a k-final stem, add a /k/ to the suffix; simply add to all q-final stems.

CONDITIONAL (realized action – different third person)
Obj
Subj
Third

Sing
Dual
PluralSingularmagu
matku
matruä

Third
Dual
magik
matkikmatigik

Pluralmagichmatigikmatigik

Singular
matin
matin
matin

Second
Dual
matik
matik
matik

Pluralmas(r)imas(r)imas(r)iSingular
maäa
matäa
matäa

First
Dual
matiguk
matiguk
matiguk

Pluralmatigut
matigut
matigut

Singular

First
Dual

PluralCONDITIONAL (Subject – Object suffixes for unrealized action)
Obj
Singular

Subj

Third
Dual

PluralSingular

SecondDual

Plural

442

Sing
upku
upkik
upkich
upkiñ
uptik
upsi
First
Dual
uptiguuptigik
uptigik
uptigiñ
uptik
upsi
Plural uptigu
uptigik
uptigik
uptigiñ
uptik
upsi
Sing
upku
upkik
upkichupäa
uptiguk
uptigut
SecondDual
uptiguuptigik
uptigikupsikäa
uptiguk
uptigut
Plural upsiuä
upsigik
upsigik
upsitäa/~ña uptiguk
uptigutSing
umiuä
umigikumigichumisinumisikumis(r)i
umiäa
umisiguk umisigut
Third
Dual
umitkuumitkik umitkik
umisinumisikumis(r)i
umisiäa
umisiguk umisigut
Plural umitruä umisigik umisigiä umisin
umisikumis(r)i
umitäa/~ña umisiguk umisigut
These suffixes are coupled to previous stems in the following manner: following a vowel-final stem, add a /k/ or a glottal stop (’) in front of thesuffix; following a t-final stem or a k-final stem, add a /k/ to the suffix; simply add to all q-final stems.
CONDITIONAL (unrealized action – different third person)
Obj
Subj
Third

Sing
Dual
PluralSingularpagu
patku
patruä

Third
Dual
pagik
patkikpatigik

Pluralpagichpatigikpatigik

Singular
patin
patin
patin

Second
Dual
patik
patik
patik

Pluralpas(r)ipas(r)ipas(r)iSingular
paäa
patäa
patäa

First
Dual
patiguk
patiguk
patiguk

Pluralpatigut
patigut
patigut

Indicative Endings
Agaayyutim iqatigigaatigut.
God is with us.
Tamatkua tuqutkisiágitchaich iáaäich.
Those [people] will kill some of them (again, as others have done before them).
Kilikkipsi sivuani.
I have warned you before.
Iáisimarauruat uqautiniàaatigut tautukkaàmiknik.
The witnesses told us what they have seen.
Imperative Endings
Sivulliulugu piiqsirruä qirugraitchiaq iripniñ.
First take away the large log from your eye.
Maligluäa aksigiaàuä argaknik iñuuluniasiiñ.
Follow me and touch her with your hands, and she will live.
Ilviupiaàuvich tiliääa utlaqulutin imàum qaaäagun.
If it is really you, command me to come to you on top of the water.
Conditional/Realized Endings
Itqatlaitpisigik avguqapkich tallimat qaqqiat?
Can’t you remember when I divided five loaves of bread?
Maliàuaqtit tusaakamitruä nipi punniqsut nunamun.
When the disciple heard the voice they bowed to the ground.
Conditional/Unrealized Endings
Naalaànigupsitäa ayasuäaqasi Crete-miñ…
If you had listened to me before you pushed off Crete…
Iàñiàipiaqpatin Agaayyutim nutigiaàiñ.
If you are really the son of God, jump off!

443

Appendix 3
Comparison of noun classes
Class
1a -V

1b - i2 -VVV-[i]3 – V-n [underlying –ti]
4a – VV-q/CV-q/CCV-q

4b – CC-iq/VV[front stop]-i-q
4c – C[fricative]-V-q

5-k

6 – VV-k
7a – C[voiced front]-[i]-C[back-stop]
7b – CC[voiced front]-[i]-C[back-stop]

Word
pana
talu; isu
ini
saääi; kaäi
tapsiniu; qiviu
tui; sii
uummanaämaunumiaq; ayaupiaq
kigiñaqikivàaq; mikiáàaq
qipmiqayaupiq; urgiiáiq
nasraq; kisaq; ilitqusiq;
asiq
putuguq; amaàuq
saniàaq; tulugaq
ugiihiq
akuàluk; aäaaluk
iyaàakkukik
aqpik
kikiakkuukuqaâiq; sauniq; atiq
kamik; umik; siulik
iàñiq
igáiq

Meaning
spear
door; endroom
power, strength; origin
beltleg; downshoulder; shee fish
heart
key
boat; canefacepadding; ring finger
dog
net stretcher; birch tree
hood; anchor; spirit;
sleevetoe; wolf
side; ravenbaldplate duck
bell; uncle
rockfingernail
cloud berry
nail
river
word; bone; nameboot; beard; pike
son
trap

The above chart shows that nouns are classified according to the final consonant (if any) and thepreceding consonant. For example, in class 5b, nouns with a [back] consonant before the vowel andfinal k form differently from other nouns ending in k. The same is true for [fricative] consonants inclass 4c. In class 7, the deciding factor is the [front voiced] consonant before /ik/ or /iq/.
It should be noted not every noun in Iñupiatun fits the pattern above neatly.

444

Appendix 4
Suffixes indicating the Number of Nouns
NumberClass

Word

MeaningSing.
Absolut.

Sing.
Relative

Dual

Plural

1a -V

pana

spear

pana

pana-mpanna-kpana-t

talu
ini
kaäi
tapsi
niu
tui
uummanaämaunumiaq
kigiñaqikivàaqqipmiqayaupiq
putuguqsaniàaqugiihiqnasraqakuàluk
iyaàakkukik
aqpik
kikiakkuukuqaâiq
kamik
iàñiq
igáiq

door
room
sourcebelt
legshoulder
heart
key
boat
face
paddingdog
net stretcher
toe
sidebaldplate duck
hood
bell
rock
fingernail
cloud berry
nail
river
word
boot
son
sleeping bench

talu
ini
kaäi
tapsi
niu
tui
uummanaämaunumiaq
kigiñaqikivàaqqipmiqayaupiq
putuguqsaniàaqugiihiqnasraqakuàluk
iyaàakkukik
aqpik
kikiakkuukuqaâiq
kamik
iàñiq
igáiq

talu-mini-mkaäi-mtapsi-mniu-mtui-muummati-maämauti-m
umia-mkigiña-m
ikivàa-m
qipmi-mayaupi-m
putukku-m
saniqqa-m
ugiikki-m
natcha-m
akuàlu-um
iyaàa-um
kukig-um
aqpi-um
kikiag-um
kuug-umuqaâh-umkamg-um
iàñià-um
igáià-umtallu-kinna-kkaääa-k
tapsi-kniu-ktui-kuummati-kaämauti-k
umia-kkigiña-kikivàa-k
qipmi-kayauppa-k
putukku-k
saniqqa-k
ugiikki-k
natcha-k
akuàlu-uk
iyaàa-akkuki-ik
aqpi-ik
kiki-rrak
kuu-rrakuqaâ-âak
kam-mak
iàñ-akigá-aktalu-tini-tkaäi-chtapsi-chniu-ttui-chuummati-taämauti-t
umia-tkigiña-t
ikivàa-t
qipmi-chayaupi-ch
putukku-t
saniqqa-t
ugiikki-ch
natcha-t
akuàlu-ich
iyaàa-ichkuki-iichaqpi-ichkikiag-ich
kuug-ichuqaâh-ichkamg-ich
iàñià-ich
igáià-ich

1b - V
2 -VV
3 -ti
4a - q4b - q4c - q5-k

6-k
7a - CC
7b - CC

Noun case endings
Absolutive –Relative –1) Subject of a verb in intransitive inflection,2) Object of a verb in transitive inflection1) Subject of a verb with transitive inflection2) Possessor

445

Noun Possession
Class

Word

Meaning

1singular

Absolutive
2
singular

1a -V

pana

spear

Pana-ga

Pana-nPana-äa

Pana-maPana-vichPana-äan

talu
ini
kaäi
tapsi

door
room
sourcebelt

Talu-ga
Ini-gaKaäi-ga
Tapsi-gaTalu-nIni-nKaäi-ñ
Tapsi-ñ

Talu-aIna-aKaäi-aTapsi-aTalu-ma
Ini-maKaäi-ma
Tapsi-maTalu-vich
Ini-vich
Kaäi-vich
Tapsi-vichTalu-anIna-anKaäi-anTapsi-anniu
tuiuummanaämaunumiaq
kigiñaqikivàaqqipmiqayaupiq
putuguqsaniàaqugiihiqnasraqaäaaluk
iyaàakkukik
aqpik
kikiakkuukuqaâiq
kamik
iàñiq
igáiq

leg
shoulder
heart
key
boat
face
paddingdog
net stretcher
toe
sidebaldplate duck
hood
uncle
rock
fingernail
cloud berry
nail
river
word
boot
son
sleeping benchNiu-gaTui-gaUummati-ga
Aämauti-ga
Umiaà-aKigiñaà-a
Ikivàaà-a
Qipmià-a
Ayaupià-aPutuguà-a
Saniàaà-aUgiihià-aNasraà-a
Aäaalug-a
Iyaàag-a
Kukig-a
Aqpig-aKikiag-a
Kuug-aUqaâià-aKamig-aIàñià-aIgáià-a

Niu-n
Tui-ñ
Uummati-nAämauti-n
Umia-nKigiña-n
Ikivàa-n
Qipmi-ñAyaupi-n
Putugu-nSaniàa-n
Ugiihi-ñ
Nasra-nNiu-äaTui-äaUummata-a
Aämauta-a
Umia-äa
Kigiña-äa
Ikivàa-äa
Qipmi-äaAyaupi-äaPutugu-aSaniàa-a
Ugiihi-a
Nasra-äa
Aäaalu-äaIyaàa-äa
Kuki-(ä)a
Aqpi-(ä)a
Kikia-äa
Kuu-äaUqaâh-aKami-(ä)aIàñ-äaIgái-äa

Niu-maTui-maUummat-ma
Aämaut-ma
Umiaà-maKigiñaà-ma
Ikivàaà-ma
Qipmià-ma
Ayaupià-ma
Putuguà-ma
Saniàaà-ma
Ugiihià-maNasraà-ma
Aäaaluä-ma
Iyaàaä-ma
Kukiä-maAqpiä-ma
Kikiaä-ma
Kuuä-maUqaâià-ma
Kamig-maIàñià-ma
Igáià-maNiu-vich
Tui-vichUummati-vich
Aämauti-vich
Umiaq-pich
Kigiñaq-pich
Ikivàaq-pich
Qipmiq-pich
Ayaupiq-pich
Putuguq-pich
Saniàaq-pich
Ugiihiq-pichNasraq-pich
Aäaaluk-pich
Iyaàak-pich
Kukik-pich
Aqpik-pich
Kikiak-pichKuuk-pich
Uqaâiq-pich
Kamik-pich
Iàñiq-pich
Igáiq-pich

Niu-äanTui-äanUummata-an
Aämauta-an
Umia-äan
Kigiña-äan
Ikivàa-äan
Qipmi-anAyaupi-an
Putugu-an
Saniàa-an
Ugiihi-an
Nasra-äan
Aäaalu-äanIyaàa-äan
Kuki-anAqpi-an
Kikia-äan
Kuu-äanUqaâiâh-an
Kami-(ä)an
Iàñi-äan
Igái-äan

1b - V
2 -VV
3 -ti
4a - q4b - q446

4c - q5-k

6-k
7a - CC
7b - CC

Aäaalu-iñ
Iyaàa-iñ
Kuki-iñ
Aqpi-iñ
Kikia-nKuu-nUqaâh-iñ
Kamig-iñ
Iàñià-iñ
Igái-iñ3
singular1
singular

Relative2
singular3
singularModalis Case
Class

Word

Meaningsg

Unpossessed
du

1a -V

pana

spear

Pana-mikPana-änik

Pana-nikPana-mnik

Pana-knik/-pnikPana-miñik

talu
ini
kaäi
tapsi

door
room
sourcebelt

Talu-mikIni-mik
Kaäi-mik
Tapsi-mikTalu-änik
Ini-änik
Kaäi-änik
Tapsi-änik

Talu-nikIni-nik
Kaäi-nik
Tapsi-nikTalu-mnik
Ini-mnik
Kaäi-mnik
Tapsi-mnik

Talu-knik/-pnik
Ini-knik/-pnik
Kaäi-knik/-pnik
Tapsi-knik/-pnik

Talu-miñik
Ini-miñik
Kaäi-miñik
Tapsi-miñik

niu
tui
uummanaämaunumiaq
kigiñaqikivàaqqipmiqayaupiq
putuguqsaniàaqugiihiqnasraqakuàluk
iyaàakkukik
aqpik
kikiakkuukuqaâiq
kamik
iàñiq
igáiq

leg
shoulder
heart
key
boat
face
paddingdog
net stretcher
toe
sidebaldplate duck
hood
bell
rock
fingernail
cloud berry
nail
river
word
boot
son
sleeping benchNiu-mik
Tui-mik
Uummat-mik
Aämaut-mik
Umia-mik
Kigiña-mik
Ikivàa-mik
Qipmi-mik
Ayaupi-mik
Putukku-mik
Saniqqa-mik
Ugiikki-mik
Natcha-mik
Akuàluä-mik
Iyaàaä-mik
Kukiä-mik
Aqpiä-mik
Kikiaä-mik
Kuuä-mik
Uqaâià-mik
Kamiä-mik
Iàñià-mik
Igáià-mik

Niu-änikTui-änikUummati-änik
Aämauti-änik
Umia-änik
Kigiña-änik
Ikivàa-änik
Qipmi-äñikAyaupi-änikPutukku-änik
Saniqqa-änik
Ugiikki-änik
Natcha-änik
Akuàluä-nik
Iyaàaä-nik
Kukiä-nik
Aqpiä-ñik
Kikiaä-nik
Kuuä-nikUqaâi-änik
Kami-änik
Iàñi-änik
Igái-änik

Niu-nik
Tui-nik
Uummat-nik
Aämaut-nik
Umia-nik
Kigiña-nik
Ikivàa-nik
Qipmi-ñikAyaupi-nik
Putukku-nik
Saniqqa-nik
Ugiikki-nik
Natcha-nik
Akuàluä-nik
Iyaàaä-nik
Kukiä-nik
Aqpiä-ñik
Kikiaä-nik
Kuuä-nikUqaâià-nik
Kamiä-nik
Iàñià-nik
Igáià-nikNiu-mnikTui-mnikUummati-mnik
Aämauti-mnik
Umia-mnik
Kigiña-mnik
Ikivàa-mnik
Qipmi-mñik
Ayaupi-mnik
Putukku-mnik
Saniqqa-mnik
Ugiikki-mnik
Natcha-mnik
Akuàlu-mnik
Iyaàa-mnik
Kuki-mnik
Aqpi-mñik
Kikia-mnik
Kuu-mnikUqaâi-mnik
Kami-mnik
Iàñi-mnik
Igái-mnik

Niu-pnikTui-pnikUummati-pnik
Aämauti-pnik
Umia-pnik
Kigiña-pnik
Ikivàa-pnik
Qipmi-pñik
Ayaupi-pnik
Putukku-pnik
Saniqqa-pnik
Ugiikki-pnik
Natcha-pnik
Akuàlu-pnik
Iyaàa-pnik
Kuki-pnik
Aqpi-pñik
Kikia-pnik
Kuu-pnikUqaâi-pnik
kami-pnik
Iàñi-pnik
Igái-pnik

Niu-miñik
Tui-miñik
Uummat-miñik
Aämaut-miñik
Umiaà-miñik
Kigiñaà-miñik
Ikivàaà-miñik
Qipmià-miñik
Ayaupià-miñik
Putukkuà-miñik
Saniqqaà-miñik
Ugiikkià-miñik
Natchaà-miñik
Akuàluä-miñik
Iyaàaä-miñik
Kuki-miñik
Aqpi-miñik
kikiaä-miñik
Kuuä-miñik
Uqaâià-miñik
kamiä-miñik
Iàñià-miñik
Igáià-miñik

1b - V
2 -VV
3 -ti
447

4a - q4b - q4c - q5-k

6-k
7a - CC
7b - CC

Possessed
pl

1
sg

2
sg

3R
sg

Appendix 5
Suffixes indicating

NOUN POSSESSION
ABSOLUTIVE

1s
d
p
2s
d
p
3Rs
d
p
3Ds
d
p

sg
(g)a
(k)pukput, vut(i)n(k)tik(k)sini(k)tik/rik(k)tiä/riä
(ä)a
(ä)ak
(ä)at

Du
Ka
Vuk
Vut
Kin
Tik
s(r)i
Ni
tik/riktiä/riäD.unp.N(ä)ik(ä)ichRELATIVE
pl
tka
vuk
vut
tin
tik
s(r)i
ni
tik/riktiä/riä(ä)i(ä)ik(ä)ich

1s
d
p
2s
d
p
3Rs
d
p
3Ds
d
p

sg
ma
mnuk
pta
pich
ptik
psi
mi
mik
miä
(ä)an
(ä)aknik(ä)ata

du
äma
mnuk
pta
pich
ptik
psi
mi
mik
miä
D.unp.N(ä)iknik(ä)isa

pl
ma
mnuk
pta
pich
ptik
psi
mi
mik
miä
(ä)iñ
(ä)iknik(ä)isaEditor’s Note:
This chart shows the pattern of noun possession indicated in the charts in Appendix 7. In each of thenoun charts in that appendix, the possessed object is shown only in the singular. For example, pana inchart 1 of Appendix 7 shows pana-ga ‘my spear’. From the chart above, it follows that the form for‘my spears[3]’ is pana-tka because ‘my’ indicates a possessor in the singular, but the object possessed‘spears’ are in the plural.
A word about 3R and 3D:
The first of the two “Third Person” forms (3R) is used when referring to a person’s own actions(gerund) or possessions, e.g. ‘his singing’ or ‘his daughter’. For example,
Rachel-äum qianiàai qitunàaurani.
Rachel cried for her [own] children.
The second form (3D) is used for general possession of third person, e.g. ‘the door of the house’
Kisiááugich iñugiaktilaaäat taapkua agaayuruat tarani.
Count the number of those who are praying there.

448

Appendix 6
Post-positional Case Endings
LOCATIVE (in, at, on during)
singular
1s
p
2s
p
3Rs
p
3s
d
p
unposs.

dual

mni
mni
ptikniptiknipni
pni
psitñipsitñi
miñi
miñi
mikni
mikni
(ä)aniäni(ä)akni(ä)ikni(ä)atni(ä)itñi
miäni
Umiamni = in my boat

TERMINALIS (to, into, until, for)pluralmni
ptiknipni
psitñimiñi
mikni(ä)iñi(ä)ikni(ä)itñi
ni

ABLATIVE (from, whence)
singular
1s
p
2s
p
3Rs
p
3s
d
p
unposs.

singular
1s
p
2s
p
3Rs
p
3s
d
p
unposs.

dual

plural

mnun
mnun
mnun
ptiknunptiknunptiknun
pnun
pnun
pnun
psitñunpsitñunpsitñun
miñun
miñun
miñun
miknunmiknunmiknun(ä)anunänun(ä)iñun(ä)aknun(ä)iknun(ä)iknun(ä)atnun(ä)itñun(ä)itñun
mun
änun
nun
Umiamnun = to my boat

VIALIS (by way of, through, about)dual

plural

mniñ
mniñ
mniñ
ptikniñptikniñptikniñ
pniñ
pniñ
pniñ
psitñiñ
psitñiñ
psitñiñ
miñiñ
miñiñ
miñiñ
mikniñ
mikniñ
mikniñ(ä)aniñäniñ(ä)iñiñ(ä)akniñ(ä)ikniñ(ä)ikniñ(ä)atniñ(ä)itñiñ(ä)itñiñ
miñ
äniñ
niñ
Umiamniñ = from my boat

MODALIS (Instrument, “Object”)

singulardual

plural

1s
pkun
pkun
pkun
p
ptikunptikunptikun
2s
pkun
pkun
pkun
p
psigunpsigunpsigun
3Rs
migun
migun
migun
p
mikkunmikkunmikkun3s(ä)agunkun(ä)igund(ä)akkun(ä)ikkun(ä)ikkunp(ä)atigun(ä)isigun(ä)isigun
unposs. kun
kun
tigun
Umiapkun = by means of my boat
SIMILARIS (like, as, according to)

singulardual
plural
1s
mnik
mnik
mnik
p
ptiknikptiknikptiknik
2s
pnik
pnik
pnik
p
psitñik
psitñik
psitñik
3Rs
miñik
miñik
miñik
p
miknikmiknikmiknik3s(ä)anikänik(ä)iñikd(ä)aknik(ä)iknik(ä)iknikp(ä)atnik(ä)itñik(ä)itñik
unposs.
mik
änik
nik
Umiamnik = my boat (object)

1s
p
2s
p
3Rs
p
3s
d
p
unposs.

449

singulardual
plural
ptun
ptun
ptun
ptiktunptiktunptiktun
ptun
ptun
ptun
psisunpsisunpsisun
misun
misun
misun
miktunmiktunmiktun(ä)atuntun(ä)isun(ä)aktun(ä)iktun(ä)iktun(ä)atitun(ä)isitun(ä)isitun
tun
tun
titun
Umiaptun = like my boat

Appendix 7 (a)Noun class 1 – Single Vowel
Class 1
Single Vowel
NumberPossession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

Singular

Relative

Singular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralPana-mPanna-kPana-tPana-ga
Pana-kpukPana-vut
Pana-nPana-ktik
Pana-ksi
Pana-niPana-ktik
Pana-ktiä
Pana-äa
Pana-äak
Pana-äat
Pana-maPana-mnukPana-pta
Pana-vichPana-ptik
Pana-psi
Pana-miPana-mikPana-miäPana-äan
Pana-äaknik
Pana-äata

Talu-mTallu-kTalu-tTalu-ga
Talu-kpuk
Talu-vut
Talu-nTalu-ktik
Talu-ksi
Talu-niTalu-ktik
Talu-ktiä
Talu-aTalu-akTalu-atTalu-maTalu-mnukTalu-pta
Talu-vichTalu-ptik
Talu-psi
Talu-miTalu-mikTalu-miäTalu-anTalu-aknik
Talu-ata

Ini-m
Inna-k
Ini-t
Ini-gaIni-kpukIni-vut
Ini-n
Ini-ktikIni-ksiIni-niIni-ktikIni-ktiä
Ina-a
Ina-akIna-atIni-maIni-mnukIni-pta
Ini-vich
Ini-ptikIni-psiIni-miIni-mik
Ini-miäIna-anIna-aknik
Ina-ataKaäi-mKaääa-kKaäi-chKaäi-ga
Kaäi-kpuk
Kaäi-vut
Kaäi-ñ
Kaäi-ktik
Kaäi-ksi
Kaäi-ñi
Kaäi-ktik
Kaäi-ktiä
Kaäi-aKaäi-akKaäi-atKaäi-maKaäi-mñuk
Kaäi-pta
Kaäi-vich
Kaäi-ptik
Kaäi-psi
Kaäi-miKaäi-mik
Kaäi-miäKaäi-an
Kaäi-aknik
Kaäi-ata

Tapsi-mTapsi-k
Tapsi-chTapsi-ga
Tapsi-kpuk
Tapsi-vut
Tapsi-ñ
Tapsi-ktik
Tapsi-ksi
Tapsi-ñi
Tapsi-ktik
Tapsi-ktiä
Tapsi-aTapsi-ak
Tapsi-at
Tapsi-ma
Tapsi-mñuk
Tapsi-pta
Tapsi-vich
Tapsi-ptik
Tapsi-psi
Tapsi-miTapsi-mik
Tapsi-miäTapsi-anTapsi-aknik
Tapsi-ata

Sg/Du/Pl
Sg/Du/Pl
Sg/Du/Pl
SingularSingularPana-mnik
Pana-pnik
Pana-miñik
Pana-äanik
Pana-mikTalu-mnik
Talu-pnik
Talu-miñik
Talu-anik
Talu-mikIni-mnikIni-pnikIni-miñik
Ina-anikIni-mik

Kaäi-mñik
Kaäi-pñik
Kaäi-miñik
Kaäi-anik
Kaäi-mik

Tapsi-mñik
Tapsi-pñik
Tapsi-miñik
Tapsi-anik
Tapsi-mik

1st person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis(Sg. Obj.)

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’d

450

Ini
Ini

Kaäi
Kaäi

Class 1b - V
Tapsi
Tapsi

Absolutive

2nd person

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

Class 1a – V
Talu
Talu

Pana
Pana

Appendix 7 (b)Noun class 2 – Double Vowel
Class 2
Double Vowel
NumberPossession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

Absolutive

Singular

Niu
Niu

Relative

Singular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
Plural

Niu-m
Niu-k
Niu-t
Niu-gaNiu-kpukNiu-kput
Niu-n
Niu-ktikNiu-ksiNiu-niNiu-ktikNiu-ktiäNiu-äaNiu-äakNiu-äatNiu-maNiu-mnukNiu-ptaNiu-vichNiu-ptikNiu-psiNiu-miNiu-mik
Niu-miäNiu-äanNiu-äaknik
Niu-äata

Tui-m
Tui-k
Tui-chTui-gaTui-kpuk
Tui-kput
Tui-ñTui-ktikTui-ksiTui-ñiTui-ktikTui-ktiäTui-äaTui-äakTui-äatTui-maTui-mñuk
Tui-ptaTui-vich
Tui-ptikTui-psiTui-miTui-mik
Tui-miäTui-äanTui-äaknik
Tui-äata

SingularSingularSingularSingularSingularNiu-mnikNiu-pnikNiu-miñik
Niu-äanik
Niu-mik

Tui-mñik
Tui-pñik
Tui-miñik
Tui-äanik
Tui-mik

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis(Sg. Obj.)Class 2 - VV
Tui
Tui

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’d451

Appendix 7 (c)Noun Class 3 – final –n [-ti]NumberClass 3
Stems ending in –n [–ti]Absolutive
Singular
Relative

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis(Sg. Obj.)

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’dClass 3 – [underlying] -ti
UummanAämaunUummanAämaunSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralUummati-m
Uummati-k
Uummati-t
Uummati-ga
Uummati-kpuk
Uummat-vut
Uummati-n
Uummati-ktik
Uummati-ksi
Uummat-ni
Uummat-rik
Uummat-riä
Uummata-a
Uummata-ak
Uummata-at
Uummat-ma
Uummati-mnuk
Uummati-pta
Uummat-vich
Uummati-ptik
Uummati-psi
Uummat-mi
Uummat-mik
Uummat-miä
Uummata-an
Uummata-aknik
Uummata-ata

Aämauti-m
Aämauti-k
Aämauti-t
Aämauti-ga
Aämauti-kpuk
Aämaut-vut
Aämauti-nAämauti-ktik
Aämauti-ksi
Aämaut-ni
Aämaut-rik
Aämaut-riä
Aämauta-a
Aämauta-ak
Aämauta-at
Aämaut-ma
Aämauti-mnuk
Aämauti-pta
Aämaut-vich
Aämauti-ptik
Aämauti-psi
Aämaut-mi
Aämaut-mik
Aämaut-miä
Aämauta-an
Aämauta-aknik
Aämauta-ata

SingularSingularSingularSingularSingularUummati-mnik
Uummati-pnik
Uummat-miñik
Uummata-anik
Uummat-mik

Aämauti-mnik
Aämauti-pnik
Aämaut-miñik
Aämauta-anik
Aämaut-mik

452

Class 4
Ending in -q
NumberAbsolutive
Relative

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive453

3rd person
Different
Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis(Sg. Obj.)

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’dSingularSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingularSingularSingularSingularSingular

Umiaq
Umiaq
Umia-mUmia-kUmia-tUmiaà-aUmiaq-puk
Umiaq-put
Umia-nUmiaq-tik
Umiaq-siUmia-niUmiaq-tik
Umiaq-tiäUmia-äa
Umia-äak
Umia-äat
Umia-maUmia-mnuk
Umia-pta
Umiaq-pichUmia-ptik
Umia-psi
Umia-miUmia-mik
Umia-miäUmia-äan
Umia-äaknik
Umia-äata
Umia-mnik
Umia-pnik
Umiaà-miñik
Umia-äanik
Umia-mik

Class 4a – VVq/Vq/CCVq
Kigiñaq
Ikivàaq
Kigiñaq
Ikivàaq
Kigiña-m
Ikivàa-m
Kigiña-k
Ikivàa-k
Kigiña-t
Ikivàa-t
Kigiñaà-a
Ikivàaà-aKigiñaq-puk
Ikivàaq-puk
Kigiñaq-put
Ikivàaq-put
Kigiña-n
Ikivàa-n
Kigiñaq-tik
Ikivàaq-tik
Kigiñaq-si
Ikivàaq-si
Kigiña-ni
Ikivàa-ni
Kigiñaq-tik
Ikivàaq-tik
Kigiñaq-tiä
Ikivàaq-tiä
Kigiña-äa
Ikivàa-äa
Kigiña-äak
Ikivàa-äak
Kigiña-äat
Ikivàa-äat
Kigiña-ma
Ikivàa-ma
Kigiña-mnuk
Ikivàa-mnuk
Kigiña-pta
Ikivàa-pta
Kigiñaq-pich
Ikivàaq-pich
Kigiña-ptik
Ikivàa-ptik
Kigiña-psi
Ikivàa-psi
Kigiña-mi
Ikivàa-mi
Kigiña-mik
Ikivàa-mik
Kigiña-miä
Ikivàa-miä
Kigiña-äan
Ikivàa-äan
Kigiña-äaknik
Ikivàa-äaknik
Kigiña-äata
Ikivàa-äata
Kigiña-mnik
Ikivàa-mnik
Kigiña-pnik
Ikivàa-pnik
Kigiñaà-miñik
Ikivàaà-miñik
Kigiña-äanik
Ikivàa-äanik
Kigiña-mik
Ikivàa-mik

Class 4b – CCiq/VVCiq
QipmiqAyaupiq
QipmiqAyaupiq
Qipmi-mAyaupi-um
Qipmi-kAyaupp-ak
Qipmi-chAyaupi-ch
Qipmià-a
Ayaupià-a
Qipmiq-puk
Ayaupiq-puk
Qipmiq-put
Ayaupiq-put
Qipmi-ñAyaupi-ñ
Qipmiq-tik
Ayaupiq-tik
Qipmiq-si
Ayaupiq-si
Qipmi-ñiAyaupi-ni
Qipmiq-tik
Ayaupiq-tik
Qipmiq-tiä
Ayaupiq-tiä
Qipmi-aAyaupi-äa
Qipmi-ak
Ayaupi-äak
Qipmi-at
Ayaupi-äat
Qipmi-maAyaupi-ma
Qipmi-mnuk
Ayaupi-mnuk
Qipmi-pta
Ayaupi-pta
Qipmiq-pich
Ayaupiq-pich
Qipmi-ptik
Ayaupi-ptik
Qipmi-psi
Ayaupi-psi
Qipmi-miAyaupi-mi
Qipmi-mik
Ayaupi-mik
Qipmi-miäAyaupi-miä
Qipmi-anAyaupi-äan
Qipmi-aknik
Ayaupi-äaknik
Qipmi-ata
Ayaupi-äata
Qipmi-mnik
Ayaupi-mnik
Qipmi-pnik
Ayaupi-pnik
Qipmià-miñik
Ayaupià-miñik
Qipmi-anik
Ayaupi-äanik
Qipmi-mik
Ayaupi-mik

Number

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

Class 4cEnding in -q
Absolutive
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
454

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis Case
(Sg. Obj.)

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’dSingularSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingularSingularSingularSingularSingular

Putuguq
Putuguq
Putukku-m
Putukku-k
Putukku-t
Putuguà-aPutuguq-puk
Putuguq-put
Putugu-n
Putuguq-tik
Putuguq-si
Putuguà-ni
Putuguq-tik
Putuguq-tiä
Putugu-a
Putugu-ak
Putugu-at
Putuguà-ma
Putugu-mnuk
Putugu-pta
Putuguq-pich
Putugu-ptik
Putugu-psi
Putuguà-mi
Putuguà-mik
Putuguà-miä
Putugu-an
Putugu-aknik
Putugu-ata
Putukku-mnik
Putukku-pnik
Putukkuà-miñik
Putugu-anik
Putukku-mik

Class 4c – fricative[C]Vq
SaniàaqUgiihiq
SaniàaqUgiihiq
Saniqqa-m
Ugiikki-m
Saniqqa-k
Ugiikki-k
Saniqqa-t
Ugiikki-t
Saniàaà-aUgiihià-a
Saniàaq-puk
Ugiihiq-puk
Saniàaq-put
Ugiihiq-put
Saniàa-n
Ugiihi-nSaniàaq-tik
Ugiihiq-tik
Saniàaq-si
Ugiihiq-si
Saniàaà-ni
Ugiihià-ni
Saniàaq-tik
Ugiihiq-tik
Saniàaq-tiä
Ugiihiq-tiä
Saniàa-äa
Ugiihi-a
Saniàa-äak
Ugiihi-ak
Saniàa-äat
Ugiihi-at
Saniàaà-ma
Ugiihià-ma
Saniàa-mnuk
Ugiihi-mnuk
Saniàa-pta
Ugiihi-pta
Saniàaq-pich
Ugiihiq-pich
Saniàa-ptik
Ugiihi-ptik
Saniàa-psi
Ugiihi-psi
Saniàaà-mi
Ugiihià-mi
Saniàaà-mik
Ugiihià-mik
Saniàaà-miä
Ugiihià-miä
Saniàa-äan
Ugiihi-an
Saniàa-äaknik
Ugiihi-aknik
Saniàa-äata
Ugiihi-ata
Saniqqa-mnik
Ugiikki-mnik
Saniqqa-pnik
Ugiikki-pnik
Saniqqaà-miñik
Ugiikkià-miñik
Saniàa-äanik
Ugiihi-anik
Saniqqa-mik
Ugiikki-mik

NasraqNasraqNatcha-m
Natcha-k
Natcha-t
Nasraà-aNasraq-puk
Nasraq-put
Nasra-nNasraq-tik
Nasraq-si
Nasraà-ni
Nasraq-tik
Nasraq-tiä
Nasra-äaNasra-äakNasra-äatNasraà-ma
Nasra-mnuk
Nasra-pta
Nasraq-pichNasra-ptik
Nasra-psiNasraà-mi
Nasraà-mik
Nasraà-miä
Nasra-äanNasra-äaknik
Nasra-äata
Natcha-mnik
Natcha-pnik
Natchaà-miñik
Nasra-äanikNatcha-mik

Class 5 – V + k
NumberAbsolutive
Relative

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive455

3rd person
Different
Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis(Sg. Obj.)

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’dAäaaluk
Aäaaluk
Aäaalu-um
Aäaalu-uk
Aäaalu-ich
Aäaalug-a
Aäaaluk-puk
Aäaaluk-put
Aäaalu-iñ
Aäaaluk-tik
Aäaaluk-si
Aäaaluä-ni
Aäaaluk-tik
Aäaaluk-tiä
Aäaaluä-a
Aäaaluä-ak
Aäaaluä-at
Aäaaluä-ma
Aäaalu-mnuk
Aäaalu-pta
Aäaaluk-pich
Aäaalu-ptik
Aäaalu-psi
Aäaaluä-mi
Aäaaluä-mik
Aäaaluä-miä
Aäaaluä-an
Aäaaluä-aknik
Aäaaluä-ata
Aäaalu-mnik
Aäaalu-pnik
Aäaaluä-miñik
Aäaaluä-anik
Aäaaluä-mik

IyaàakIyaàakIyaàa-um
Iyaàa-ak
Iyaàa-ich
Iyaàag-a
Iyaàak-puk
Iyaàak-put
Iyaàa-iñ
Iyaàak-tik
Iyaàak-si
Iyaàaä-ni
Iyaàak-tik
Iyaàak-tiä
Iyaàaä-a
Iyaàaä-ak
Iyaàaä-at
Iyaàaä-ma
Iyaàa-mnuk
Iyaàa-pta
Iyaàak-pich
Iyaàa-ptik
Iyaàa-psi
Iyaàaä-miIyaàaä-mik
Iyaàaä-miä
Iyaàaä-an
Iyaàaä-aknik
Iyaàaä-ata
Iyaàa-mnik
Iyaàa-pnik
Iyaàaä-miñik
Iyaàaä-anik
Iyaàaä-mik

Kukik
Kukik
Kukig-um
Kuki-ik
Kuki-ich
Kukig-aKukik-puk
Kukik-put
Kuki-iñ
Kukik-tik
Kukik-si
Kukiä-ñi
Kukik-tik
Kukik-tiä
Kuki-aKuki-ak
Kuki-atKukiä-ma
Kuki-mnuk
Kuki-pta
Kukik-pich
Kuki-ptik
Kuki-psi
Kukiä-miKukiä-mik
Kukiä-miä
Kuki-an
Kuki-aknik
Kuki-ata
Kuki-mnik
Kuki-pnik
Kukiä-miñik
Kuki-anik
Kukiä-mik

Aqpik
Aqpik
Aqpi-um
Aqpi-ik
Aqpi-ich
Aqpig-aAqpik-puk
Aqpik-put
Aqpi-iñ
Aqpik-tik
Aqpik-siAqpiä-ni
Aqpik-tik
Aqpik-tiäAqpi-aAqpi-akAqpi-atAqpiä-ma
Aqpi-mnuk
Aqpi-pta
Aqpik-pich
Aqpi-ptik
Aqpi-psiAqpiä-miAqpiä-mik
Aqpiä-miäAqpi-anAqpi-aknik
Aqpi-ata
Aqpi-mnik
Aqpi-pnik
Aqpi-miñik
Aqpi-anik
Aqpiä-mikAppendix 7 (f)Noun Class 6 – Double Vowel + -k

NumberClass 6
Double Vowel + k
Absolutive
Relative

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis(Sg. Obj.)

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’dClass 6 – VV+k
Kuuk
Kuuk

Singular

KikiakKikiakSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralKikiag-um
Kiki-rrak
Kikiag-ich
Kikiag-a
Kikiak-puk
Kikiak-put
Kikia-nKikiak-tik
Kikiak-si
Kikiaä-ni
Kikiak-tik
Kikiak-tiä
Kikia-äa
Kikia-äak
Kikia-äat
Kikiaä-ma
Kikia-mnuk
Kikia-pta
Kikiak-pich
Kikia-ptik
Kikia-psi
Kikiaä-mi
Kikiaä-mik
Kikiaä-miä
Kikiaä-an
Kikiaä-aknik
Kikiaä-ata

Kuug-um
Ku-rrak
Kuug-ich
Kuug-aKuuk-puk
Kuuk-put
Kuu-n
Kuuk-tikKuuk-siKuuä-niKuuk-tikKuuk-tiä
Kuuä-aKuuä-ak
Kuuä-atKuuä-ma
Kuu-mnukKuu-pta
Kuuk-pichKuu-ptikKuu-psiKuuä-miKuuä-mik
Kuuä-miä
Kuuä-anKuuä-aknik
Kuuä-ata

SingularSingularSingularSingularSingular

Kikia-mnik
Kikia-pnik
Kikiaä-miñik
Kikiaä-anik
Kikiaä-mik

Kuu-mnikKuu-pnikKuuä-miñik
Kuuä-anik
Kuuä-mik

456

Class 7
Double Consonant with Vowel [i] Insertion
NumberAbsolutive
Relative

Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Absolutive

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive457

3rd person
Different
Possession(Sg. Obj.)
Relative

1st person

2nd person

3rd person
Reflexive
3rd person
Different
Modalis Case
(Sg. Obj.)

1st person
2nd person
3rd Refl.
3rd Diff.
Unposs’dSingularSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingular
Dual
PluralSingularSingularSingularSingularSingularClass 7a – CC
Uqaâà
Kamg
UqaâiqKamik
Uqaâh-umKamä-umUqaâ-âak
Kam-mak
Uqaâh-ich
Kamä-ich
Uqaâià-aKamig-aUqaâiq-puk
Kamik-puk
Uqaâiq-put
Kamik-put
Uqaâh-iñ
Kamig-iñ
Uqaâiq-tik
Kamik-tik
Uqaâiq-si
Kamik-si
Uqaâià-ni
Kamiä-ni
Uqaâiq-tik
Kamik-tik
Uqaâiq-tiä
Kamik-tiä
Uqaâh-aKamä-aUqaâh-akKamä-ak
Uqaâh-atKamä-atUqaâià-ma
Kamiä-maUqaâi-mnukKami-mnuk
Uqaâi-pta
Kami-pta
Uqaâiq-pich
Kamik-pich
Uqaâi-ptik
Kami-ptik
Uqaâi-psiKami-psi
Uqaâià-mi
Kamiä-miUqaâià-mik
Kamiä-mik
Uqaâià-miä
Kamiä-miäUqaâh-anKamä-anUqaâh-aknik
Kamä-aknik
Uqaâh-ata
Kamä-ata
Uqaâi-mnik
Kami-mnik
Uqaâi-pnik
Kami-pnik
Uqaâià-miñik
Kamiä-miñik
Uqaâh-anik
Kamä-anik
Uqaâià-mik
Kamiä-mik

Iàñà
Iàñiq
Iàñià-um
Iàñ-akIàñià-ich
Iàñià-aIàñiq-puk
Iàñiq-put
Iàñià-iñIàñiq-tik
Iàñiq-si
Iàñià-ñi
Iàñiq-tik
Iàñiq-tiä
Iàñi-äa
Iàñi-äak
Iàñi-äat
Iàñià-maIàñi-mnuk
Iàñi-pta
Iàñiq-pichIàñi-ptik
Iàñi-psi
Iàñià-miIàñià-mik
Iàñià-miäIàñi-äan
Iàñi-äaknik
Iàñi-äata
Iàñi-mnik
Iàñi-pnik
Iàñià-miñik
Iàñi-äanik
Iàñià-mik

Class 7b – CC
Igáà
Igáiq
Igáià-um
Igá-akIgáià-ich
Igáià-aIgáiq-puk
Igáiq-put
Igáià-iñ
Igáiq-tik
Igáiq-si
Igáià-ñi
Igáiq-tik
Igáiq-tiä
Igái-äa
Igái-äak
Igái-äat
Igáià-maIgái-mnuk
Igái-pta
Igáiq-pich
Igái-ptik
Igái-psi
Igáià-miIgáià-mik
Igáià-miäIgái-äan
Igái-äaknik
Igái-äata
Igái-mnik
Igái-pnik
Igáià-miñik
Igái-äanik
Igáià-mikAppendix 8
Independent Pronouns
The bases described in the following appendix behave like nouns and accept the suffixes thatindicate noun possession, including the absolutive or relative case endings. Each of these words isin the truest sense a ‘pro-noun’: it points to a name of a person or thing, but is not the name itself.
1. Personal pronouns have their own bases, uva- and ili-.
Singular
Dual
PluralFirst
Abs./Rel. Uvaäa
Uvaguk Uvagut
Second Abs./Rel. Il[i]vich
Iliptik
Ilipsi
Third
Abs.
Ilaa
IliäikIliäichRel.
Ilaan
Iliäiknik Iliäisa
Suvaata iliäich savakpat ugluvak?
Why are they working today?
Ilaan iáisautiniàai atrikusautitigun.
He taught by means of parables.
Ilaa piqaqtuaq akuqtullaaàisiruq.
He who has will receive more.
Uvaäauruäa, iqsiñasi.
It is I, don’t be afraid.

2. Indefinite Pronouns express ‘all, each’ with the iluqaq while the base word iáa- expresses‘some, any.’

Iáitchuàigisivisa iluqaàmiä tamatkua atuumaaqsikpata?
How will we recognize when all of those [things] are beginning to happen?
Tuquâiàmigun iáauraaàiiksitlugik iluqaaknik Agaayyutmun.
Through his death, he reconciled both of them with God.
Iluqapta paptaakkaukapta…
When we all were baptized …
Iluqani timin qaummaaàikpan, iáaäa taaqtuamiisuäaqani, …
If your whole body is light, without any part being dark, …
Iluqapsi pituiàayaàaa natmaktini inaaniñ minàuiqsiaàvium uvluani.
Each of you would loosen his donkey from his place on the day of rest.
458

Kamagigisigaatin sivuàaatni iluqatiä aiyugaakkauruat.
He will honor you in front of all the ones who were invited.

Iáaäich aggiàñiqsut uäasiksuamiñ.
Some of them have come from afar.
Kia iñuum killuqsaqusaaqpagu iáaäat makua, …
If any person tempts any of these to sin, …
Iluqani timin qaummaaàikpan, iáaäa taaqtuamiisuäaqani, …
If your whole body is light, without any part being dark, …
Iáapsi-samma aquppiqatima qaiññiaàaaäa.
Right here among you sitting with me the one who is going to give me away.

3. The base kisi- expresses the function of ‘only,’ ‘except,’ or ‘alone.’

First
SecondThird/Refl
Third/Diff

Singularkisimakisivich
kisimikisianDualkisimnukkisiptikkisimik
kisiäiknik

Pluralkisiptakisipsikisimiä
kisiäisa

Aapaa kisimi sivunniàisigaa qakugun atuumaâiksraäa.
Only the Father decides the time of its happening.
Aniyumiñaipiaqtutin kisianik akiáiiguvich akiqsruutipnik ilaanun.
You are not going to be free except if you pay what you owe to him, or: unless you pay …
Piqpagigupsigik kisiitñik tamatkua piqpaksrigikkasi…
If you love only those who love you …
Maliàuaqtaiñ utlaäniàaat Jesus kisipquqhutiä apiqsruqâugu…
The disciples came to Jesus privately and asked him…

459

Appendix 9
POSITIONAL BASE WORDS
Positional bases are a group of noun bases that refer to areas or directions in reference to theirpossessors. Thus base iáu plus the locative singular suffix -ani means ‘the area inside it.’ Pleaseobserve that these base words accept expansion so that the stem changes into an adverb or a verb, andthat the stem also accepts inflection with the post-positional case endings. Thus, these words are of
the expandable-inflective type.
These positional stems express meanings similar to those of the demonstrative stems (seeAppendix 10). However, the two groups of stems are entirely distinct, even though they occur withthe same suffixes. The function of these words is similar to that of prepositions in English.
Meaning
Stem
aki
ani
aquatiavatiiáukaäikiäu
kilu
qani
quli
saniq

area
oppositeoutwards
area behind;
later
area
downward
at two sides
area inside
area toward
endlater, afterarea toward
the back
area near byarea upward
area
sidewayssiáat
area outside
sivuàaq area toward
front
sivu
before,earlytunu
area behindtuäi
area toward
uäatifar side

Positional
Adverb:(t)munakitmunPositional
Verb:(t)mukakitmuk-

LOC, sg(-a)ani

TERM, sg(-a)anun

ABL, sg(-a)aniñ

VIAL, sg(-a)agunakianiakianunakianiñakiagunanitmunaqutmunanitmukaqutmuk-

aquaniaquanunaquaniñaquagunatmun

atmuk-

ataaniataanunataaniñataagunavatmuniáutmunkaäitmunavatmukiáutmukkaäitmuk-

avataani
iáuanikaäianiavataanun
iáuanunkaäianun

avataaniñ
iáuaniñkaäianiñavataagun
iáuagunkaäiagunkiäutmunkilutmunkiäutmukkilutmuk-

kiäuanikiluanikiäuanun
kiluanun

kiäuaniñkiluaniñkiäuagunkiluagunqanimunqanitmuk-qaniäaniñ

qaniäagun

qunmunsanitmunqunmuksanitmuk-

qaniäaniqaniäanun
qanirvaani
qulaaniqulaanunsaniàaani saniàaanun

qulaaniñsaniàaaniñ

qulaagunsaniàaagun

siáatmunsiáatmuk-siáataanisivuàaanisiáataanun
siáataaniñ
siáataagun
sivuàaanun sivuàaaniñ sivuàaagun

sivutmunsivutmuk-sivuanisivuanunsivuaniñ

sivuaguntunutmuntuäimunuäasitmun

tunutmuk- tunuani
tuäitmuktuäaani
uäasitmuk- uäataani

tunuanuntuäaanunuäataanun

tunuaniñ
tuäaaniñuäataaniñ

tunuaguntuäaagunuäataagun

460

Appendix 10
Demonstrative Adverbs and Pronouns
Demonstr.
Stem Adverb

Demonstr.
PronounMeaning

uv
uv
mat
im
ug
sakm
ik
ag
akm
it
av
am
pit
pav
pam
kiv
qav
qam
kig
qag
qakm
kan
un
sam
pik
pag
pakm

una
taamna
manna
imña
uäna
sakimnaikña
aäna
akimna
iñña
amna
amna
piñña
pamna
pamna
kimña
qamna
qamna
kiäña
qaäna
qakimna
kanna
unna
samna
pikña
paäna
pakimnahere: visible, stationary/specific, near speaker and listener
there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker, near listeneraround here: visible, moving/extended, in the general area
remote: away from speaker and listener, remote in time or spacenear the door: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker, near listeneroutside the door in the porch: not visible, away from speaker and listener
across there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
across there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
across there: not visible, away from speaker and listenerover there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listenerover there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listenerover there: not visible, away from speaker and listenerback there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listenerback there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listenerback there: not visible, away from speaker and listenerin there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listenerin there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listenerin there: not visible, away from speaker and listenerout there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listenerout there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listenerout there: not visible, away from speaker and listener
down there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listener
down there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listener
down there: not visible, away from speaker and listenerup there: visible, stationary/specific, away from speaker and listenerup there: visible, moving/extended, away from speaker and listenerup there: not visible, away from speaker and listener

uvva
tavra/tara
marra
imma
ugga
sakma
ikka/itcha
agga
akma
iñña
avva
amma
piñña
pavva
pamma
kivva
qavva
qamma
kigga
qagga
qakma
kanna
unna
samma
pikka/pitcha
pagga
pakma

The following charts show all possible forms (derivations) of demonstrative adverbs. Each of the adverbs
above either remains an adverb or changes into an action word (verb) or a word that indicates a direction.
Each form is shown in a postpositional case. These “cases” are the Locative (located in, at), theTerminalis (moving to, toward), the Ablative (coming from), or the Vialis (through, or by means of).
All stems ending with a -g-, such as ug-, ag-, kig-, qag-, pag-, delete one -u- in the vialis case of thedemonstrative adverb (see next set of charts), to prevent a three-vowel cluster.
The user of this dictionary will benefit from sample sentences below the charts of all demonstratives.
These sentences show how these words are used. This will enable the user to construct new words without
difficulty.

461

1. Derivations for Demonstrative Adverbs
Demonstrative Adverb

uvva

here

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)uvani
uvaniaäani
uvaniaäanun
uvaniaäaniñ
uvaniaäagun

located here
located here somewhere(moving) toward here somewhere(coming) from here somewhere(moving) through here somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

uvuäa
uvuäatmun
uvuäatmukuvuäaquvuäauti-

toward here
toward here
heading toward here
going toward here
bringing something toward here

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

uvakäa/uvaääa
uvakäaquvakäauti-

from here
coming from here
taking something from here

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

uvuunauvuunnaaq-

through here
going through here

Demonstrative Adverb

tara/tavra

there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)tarani/tavrani
taraniaäani
taraniaäanun
taraniaäaniñ
taraniaäagun

located there
located there somewhere(moving) toward there somewhere(coming) from there somewhere(moving) through there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

taruäa/tavruäa
taruäatmun
taruäatmuktaruäaqtaruäauti-

toward there
toward there
heading toward there
going toward there
bringing something toward there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

tarakäa/tavraääa
tarakäaqtarakäauti-

from there
coming from there
taking something from there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

taruuna/tavruuna
taruunnaaq-

through there
going through there462

Demonstrative Adverb

marraaround here

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)maani
maaniaäani
maaniaäanun
maaniaäaniñ
maaniaäagun

located around here
located around here somewhere(moving) around toward here somewhere(coming) from around here somewhere(moving) through around here somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verbmauäa
mauäatmun
mauäatmukmauäaqmauäauti-

toward around here
toward around here
heading toward around here
going toward around here
bringing something toward around here

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

maakäa/maaääa
maakäaqmaakäauti-

from around here
coming from around here
taking something from around here

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verbmauna
maunnaaq-

through around here
going through around here

Demonstrative Adverb

imma

remoteLocative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)

imani

long ago, at some distant place, unknown

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

imuäa

toward some unknown, eternal

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

imakäa/imaääa

from long ago

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

imuunathrough the unknown

463

Demonstrative Adverb

ugga

near the exit, near the door

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)uaniuaniaäani
uaniaäanun
uaniaäaniñ
uaniaäagun

located near exit
located near the door somewhere(moving) toward near the door somewhere(coming) from near the door somewhere(moving) through near the door somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verbuuäa
uuäatmunuuäatmukuuäaquuäauti-

toward near the exit
toward the exit
heading toward the exit
going toward exit
taking something toward the exit

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

uakäa/uaääa
uakäaquakäauti-

from near the exit
coming from near the exit
bringing something from near the exit

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verbuuna
uunnaaq-through near the exit
going through the area near the exit

Demonstrative Adverb

sakma

outside the exit in the entryway

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)sakmanisakmaniaäani
sakmaniaäanun
sakmaniaäaniñ
sakmaniaäagun

located outside the door
located beyond the entryway(moving) toward outside the entryway(coming) from outside the entryway(moving) through the outside entryway

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

sakmuäa
sakmuäatmun
sakmuäatmuksakmuäaqsakmuäauti-

toward outside the door
toward the entryway outside the door
heading toward the entryway outside the door
going toward the entryway outside the door
taking something toward the entryway outside
the door

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

sakmakäa/sakmaääa from outside the door
sakmakäaqcoming from the entryway outside of the door
sakmakäautibringing something from the entryway outsideof the door

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

sakmuunasakmuunnaaq-

through the entryway outside the door
going through the entryway outside the door

464

Demonstrative Adverb

itcha/ikka

across there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)ichaniichaniaäani
ichaniaäanun
ichaniaäaniñ
ichaniaäagun

located across there
located across there somewhere(moving) toward across there somewhere(coming) from across there somewhere(moving) through across there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

ichuäaichuäatmun
ichuäatmukichuäaqichuäauti-

toward across there
toward across there
heading toward across there
going toward across there
taking something toward across there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

ichakäa/ikaääa
ichakäaqichakäauti-

from across there
coming from across there
bringing something from across there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verbichuunaichuunnaaq-

through across there
going through the area across there

Demonstrative Adverb

agga

across there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)aani
aaniaäani
aaniaäanun
aaniaäaniñ
aaniaäagun

located across there
located across there somewhere(moving) toward across there somewhere(coming) from across there somewhere(moving) through across there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

auäa
auäatmunauäatmukauäaqauäauti-

toward across there
toward across there
heading toward across there
going toward across there
taking something toward across there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

aakäa/aaääa
aakäaqaakäauti-

from across there
coming from across there
bringing something from across there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verbauna
aunnaaq-through across there
going through the area across there465

Demonstrative Adverb

akma

across there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)akmaniakmaniaäani
akmaniaäanun
akmaniaäaniñ
akmaniaäagun

located across there
located across there somewhere(moving) toward across there somewhere(coming) from across there somewhere(moving) through across there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

akmuäaakmuäatmun
akmuäatmukakmuäaqakmuäauti-

toward across there
toward across there
heading toward across there
going toward across there
taking something toward across there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

akmakäa/aämaääa from across there
akmakäaqcoming from across there
akmakäautibringing something from across there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verbakmuunaakmuunnaaq-

Demonstrative Adverb

iñña

over there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)iñani
iñaniaäani
iñaniaäanun
iñaniaäaniñ
iñaniaäagun

located over there
located over there somewhere(moving) toward over there somewhere(coming) from over there somewhere(moving) through over there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

iñuäa
iñuäatmun
iñuäatmukiñuäaqiñuäauti-

toward over there
toward over there
heading ahead over there
going ahead over there
taking something over there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

iñakäa/iñaääa
iñakäaqiñakäauti-

from over there
coming from over there
bringing something over there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

iñuunaiñuunnaaq-

through over there
going through the area over there

through across there
going through the area across there466

Demonstrative Adverb

avva

over there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)avani
avaniaäani
avaniaäanun
avaniaäaniñ
avaniaäagun

located over there
located over there somewhere(moving) toward over there somewhere(coming) from over there somewhere(moving) through over there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

avuäa
avuäatmun
avuäatmukavuäaqavuäauti-

toward over there
toward over there
heading ahead over there
going ahead over there
taking something over there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

avakäa/avaääa from over there
avakäaqcoming from over there
avakäautibringing something over there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

avuunaavuunnaaq-

Demonstrative Adverb

amma

over there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)

amani
amaniaäani
amaniaäanun
amaniaäaniñ
amaniaäagun

located over there
located over there somewhere(moving) toward over there somewhere(coming) from over there somewhere(moving) by means of over there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

amuäa
amuäatmun
amuäatmukamuäaqamuäauti-

toward over there
toward over there
heading toward over there
going toward over there
taking something toward over there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

amakäa/amaääa from over there
amakäaqcoming from over there
amakäautibringing something from over there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

amuunaamuunnaaq-

through over there
going through the area over thereby means of over there
going through the area over there467

Demonstrative Adverb

piñña

back there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)piñanipiñaniaäani
piñaniaäanun
piñaniaäaniñ
piñaniaäagun

located back there
located in the vicinity of back there(moving) toward the vicinity of back there(coming) from the vicinity of back there(moving) through the vicinity of back there

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

piñuäapiñuäatmun
piñuäatmukpiñuäaqpiñuäauti-

toward back there
in direction of back there
heading toward back there
going toward back there
taking something toward back there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

piñakäa/piñaääa
piñakäaqpiñakäauti-

from back there
coming from back there
bringing something from back there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

piñuunapiñuunnaaq-

through back there
going through the area back there

Demonstrative Adverb

pavva

back there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)pavanipavaniaäani
pavaniaäanun
pavaniaäaniñ
pavaniaäagun

located at back there
located in the vicinity of back there(moving) toward the vicinity of back there(coming) from the vicinity of back there(moving) through the vicinity of back there

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

pavuäapavuäatmun
pavuäatmukpavuäaqpavuäauti-

toward back there
in direction of back there
heading toward back there
going toward back there
taking something toward back there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

pavakäa/pavaääa
pavakäaqpavakäauti-

from back there
coming from back there
bringing something from back there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verbpavuunapavuunnaaq-

through back there
going through the area back there468

Demonstrative Adverb

pamma

back there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)pamanipamaniaäani
pamaniaäanun
pamaniaäaniñ
pamaniaäagun

located at back there
located in the vicinity of back there(moving) toward the vicinity of back there(coming) from the vicinity of back there(moving) through the vicinity of back there

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

pamuäapamuäatmun
pamuäatmukpamuäaqpamuäauti-

toward back there
in direction of back there
heading toward back there
going toward back there
taking something toward back there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

pamakäa/pamaääa
pamakäaqpamakäauti-

from back there
coming from back there
bringing something from back there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verbpamuunapamuunnaaq-

through back there
going through the area back there

Demonstrative Adverb

kivva

in there, inside

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)kivanikivaniaäani
kivaniaäanun
kivaniaäaniñ
kivaniaäagun

located in there, located inside
located in there somewhere(moving) toward in there somewhere(coming) from in there somewhere(moving) through in there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

kivuäakivuäatmun
kivuäatmukkivuäaqkivuäauti-

toward in there, toward inside
toward in there
heading toward in there
going toward in there
taking something toward in there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

kivakäa/kivaääa
kivakäaqkivakäauti-

from in there, from insidecoming from in there
bringing something from in there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

kivuunakivuunnaq-

through in there, through inside
going through the area in there469

Demonstrative Adverb

qavva

in there, inside

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)

qavaniqavaniaäani
qavaniaäanun
qavaniaäaniñ
qavaniaäagun

located in there, located inside
located in there somewhere(moving) toward in there somewhere(coming) from in there somewhere(moving) through in there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qavuäaqavuäatmun
qavuäatmukqavuäaqqavuäauti-

toward in there, toward inside
toward in there
heading toward in there
going toward in there
taking something toward in there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qavakäa/qavaääa
qavakäaqqavakäauti-

from in there, from insidecoming from in there
bringing something from in there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

qavuunaqavuunnaaq-

through in there, through inside
going through the area in there

Demonstrative Adverb

qamma

in there, inside

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)qamaniqamaniaäani
qamaniaäanun
qamaniaäaniñ
qamaniaäagun

located in there, located inside
located in there somewhere(moving) toward in there somewhere(coming) from in there somewhere(moving) through in there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qamuäaqamuäatmun
qamuäatmukqamuäaqqamuäauti-

toward in there, toward inside
toward in there
heading toward in there
going toward in there
taking something toward in there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qamakäa/qamaääa
qamakäaqqamakäauti-

from in there, from insidecoming from in there
bringing something from in there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

qamuunaqamuunnaaq-

through in there, through inside
going through the area in there470

Demonstrative Adverb

kigga

out there, outside

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)kiani
kianiaäani
kianiaäanun
kianiaäaniñ
kianiaäagun

located out there, located outside
located out there somewhere(moving) toward out there somewhere(coming) from out there somewhere(moving) through out there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

kiuäa
kiuäatmun
kiuäatmukkiuäaqkiuäauti-

toward out there, toward outside
toward out there
heading toward out there
going toward out there
taking something toward out there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

kiakäa/kiaääa
kiakäaqkiakäauti-

from out there, from outsidecoming from out there
bringing something from out there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verbkiuna
kiunnaaq-

through in there, through outside
going through the area out there

Demonstrative Adverb

qagga

out there, outside

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)qaani
qaaniaäani
qaaniaäanun
qaaniaäaniñ
qaaniaäagun

located out there, located outside
located out there somewhere(moving) toward out there somewhere(coming) from out there somewhere(moving) through out there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qauäa
qauäatmun
qauäatmukqauäaqqauäauti-

toward out there, toward outside
toward out there
heading toward out there
going toward out there
taking something toward out there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qaakäa/qaaääa
qaakäaqqaakäauti-

from out there, from outsidecoming from out there
bringing something from out there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

qauna
qaunnaaq-

through in there, through outside
going through the area out there471

Demonstrative Adverb

qakma

out there, outside

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)qakmaniqakmaniaäani
qakmaniaäanun
qakmaniaäaniñ
qakmaniaäagun

located out there, located outside
located out there somewhere(moving) toward out there somewhere(coming) from out there somewhere(moving) through out there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qakmuäa
qakmuäatmun
qakmuäatmukqakmuäaqqakmuäauti-

toward out there, toward outside
toward out there
heading toward out there
going toward out there
taking something toward out there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

qakmakäa/qaämaääa
qakmakäaqqakmakäauti-

from out there, from outsidecoming from out there
bringing something from out there

Vialis (through, by means)
Focus actor: Verb

qakmuuna
qakmuunnaaq-

through in there, through outside
going through the area out there

Demonstrative Adverb

kanna

down there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)kananikananiaäani
kananiaäanun
kananiaäaniñ
kananiaäagun

located at down there
located down there somewhere(moving) toward down there somewhere(coming) from down there somewhere(moving) through down there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

kanuäakanuäatmun
kanuäatmukkanuäaqkanuäauti-

toward down there
toward down there
heading toward down there
going toward down there
taking something toward down there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

kanakäa/kanaääa
kanakäaqkanakäauti-

from down there
coming from down there
bringing something from down there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

kanuunakanuunnaaq-

through down there
going through the area down there472

Demonstrative Adverb

unna

down there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)

unani
unaniaäani
unaniaäanun
unaniaäaniñ
unaniaäagun

located at down there
located down there somewhere(moving) toward down there somewhere(coming) from down there somewhere(moving) through down there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

unuäa
unuäatmun
unuäatmukunuäaqunuäauti-

toward down there
toward down there
heading toward down there
going toward down there
taking something toward down there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

unakäa/unaääa
unakäaqunakäauti-

from down there
coming from down there
bringing something from down there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

unuunaunuunnaaq-

through down there
going through the area down there

Demonstrative Adverb

samma

down there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)samanisamaniaäani
samaniaäanun
samaniaäaniñ
samaniaäagun

located at down there
located down there somewhere(moving) toward down there somewhere(coming) from down there somewhere(moving) through down there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

samuäasamuäatmun
samuäatmuksamuäaqsamuäauti-

toward down there
toward down there
heading toward down there
going toward down there
taking something toward down there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

samakäa/samaääa
samakäaqsamakäauti-

from down there
coming from down there
bringing something from down there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

samuunasamuunnaaq-

through down there
going through the area down there473

Demonstrative Adverb

pitcha/pikka

up there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)pichanipichaniaäani
pichaniaäanun
pichaniaäaniñ
pichaniaäagun

located at up there
located up there somewhere(moving) toward up there somewhere(coming) from up there somewhere(moving) through up there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verbpichuäa
pichuäatmun
pichuäatmukpichuäaqpichuäauti-

toward up there
toward up there
heading toward up there
going toward up there
taking something toward up there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verbpichakäa/pikaääa
pichakäaqpichakäauti-

from up there
coming from up there
bringing something from up there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verbpichuunapichuunnaaq-

through up there
going through the area up there

Demonstrative Adverb

pagga

up there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)paani
paaniaäani
paaniaäanun
paaniaäaniñ
paaniaäagun

located at up there
located up there somewhere(moving) toward up there somewhere(coming) from up there somewhere(moving) through up there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verbpauäa
pauäatmun
pauäatmukpauäaqpauäauti-

toward up there
toward up there
heading toward up there
going toward up there
taking something toward up there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

paakäa/paaääa
paakäaqpaakäauti-

from up there
coming from up there
bringing something from up there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verbpauna
paunnaaq-

through up there
going through the area up there474

Demonstrative Adverb

pakma

up there

Locative (in, at)vicinity of (locative)
vicinity of (terminalis)vicinity of (ablative)
vicinity of (vialis)pakmanipakmaniaäani
pakmaniaäanun
pakmaniaäaniñ
pakmaniaäagun

located at up there
located up there somewhere(moving) toward up there somewhere(coming) from up there somewhere(moving) through up there somewhere

Terminalis (to, toward)
focus direction: Post-Pos
focus direction: Verb
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

pakmuäa
pakmuäatmun
pakmuäatmukpakmuäaqpakmuäauti-

toward up there
toward up there
heading toward up there
going toward up there
taking something toward up there

Ablative (from)
Focus actor: Verb
Focus goal: Verb

pakmakäa/paämaääa
pakmakäaqpakmakäauti-

from up there
coming from up there
bringing something from up there

Vialis (through)Focus actor: Verb

pakmuuna
pakmuunnaaq-

through up there
going through the area up there475

2. Derivations for Demonstrative Pronouns
Each of these forms includes the four “cases” mentioned above (Locative, Terminalis, Ablative, Vialis),
plus the Similaris (like, similar) and Modalis (object indicator). In addition to these grammatical cases,
there are two forms for each pronoun: one in the Absolutive (when a noun governs an intransitive verb or
relates to the non-specific object of a transitive verb). The other form is the Relative, which is used when
the noun governs a transitive verb or shows possession of a noun.

una
Absolutive
Relative
Locative (in, at)Terminalis (toward)
Ablative (from)one(s) here
stationary/specificthat/those hereof that/those here
at that/those here
to that/those here
from that/those here

Vialis (through)through that/those here
Similaris (like)
like that/those here
Modalis (object mkr) (with) that/those heretaamnaAbsolutive
Relativeone(s) there
stationary/specificthat/those thereof that/those there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those there

Vialis (through)through that/those there

Similaris (like)

like that/those there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those there

from that/those there

Singularthat oneuna
uuma
uumaniuumuäauumakäa
uumaääa
uumuunauumatunuumiäaDual
those two
ukuak
ukuak
ukuänaäni
ukuänuäa
ukuänakäa
ukuänaääa
ukuänuuna
ukuänaktun
ukuäniäa

Singularthat onetaamnataavruma
taaptumataavrumani
taaptumanitaavrumuäa
taaptumuäa
taavrumakäa
taaptumaääa
taavrumuuna
taaptumuuna
taavrumatun
taaptumatun
taavrumiäa
taaptumiäa

Dual
those two
taapkuaktaapkuak

Pluralthose three+taapkuataapkuataapkuänaäni

taapkunani

taapkuänuäa

taapkunuäa

taapkuänakäa
taapkuänaääa
taapkuänuuna

taapkunakäa
taapkunaääa
taapkunuuna

476

Pluralthose three+
ukua
ukua
ukunaniukunuäa
ukunakäa
ukunaääa
ukunuuna
ukunatunukuniäa

taapkuänaktun taapkunatun
taapkuäniäa

taapkuniäa

mannaone(s) around here
moving/extended
that/those hereof that/those around here

Singular
Dual
Pluralthat onethose two
those three+
Absolutive
mannamakuak*makua
Relativemarrumamakuakmakua
mattuma
Locative (in, at)
at that/those around here marrumani
makuänaäni
makunanimattumani
Terminalis (toward)
to that/those around here marrumuäa
makuänuäa
makunuäa
mattumuäa
Ablative (from)from that/those aroundmarrumakäa
makuänakäa
makunakäa
heremattumaääa
makuänaääa
makunaääa
Vialis (through)through that/those around marrumuuna makuänuuna
makunuuna
here
mattumuuna
Similaris (like)
like that/those aroundmarrumatun
makuänaktun makunatun
here
mattumatun
Modalis (object mkr) (with) that/those aroundmarrumiäa
makuäniäa
makuniäa
heremattumiäa* all these forms insert a /t/ when the prefix ta- is added, so the final form is tamatkua ‘those here’ ortamatkuniäa ‘(with) those around here’

imña

remote one(s)Absolutive

that/those remote

Relativeof that/those remote

Locative (in, at)

at that/those remote

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those remote

Vialis (through)through that/those remote

Similaris (like)

like that/those remote

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those remotefrom that/those remote

Singularthat oneimña
ivrumaiptumaivrumani
iptumani
ivrumuäa
iptumuäa
ivrumakäa
iptumaääa
ivrumuuna
iptumuuna
ivrumatun
iptumatun
ivrumiäa
iptumiäa

477

Dual
those two
ipchuak
ipkuakipchuak
ipkuakipchuänaäni
ipkuänaäni
ipchuänuäa
ipkuänuäa
ipchuänakäa
ipkuänaääa
ipchuänuuna
ipkuänuuna
ipchuänaktun
ipkuänaktun
ipchuäniäa
ipkuäniäa

Pluralthose three+ipchuaipkua
ipchuaipkua
ipchunani
ipkunani
ipchunuäa
ipkunuäa
ipchunakäa
ipkunaääa
ipchunuuna
ipkunuuna
ipchunatun
ipkunatun
ipchuniäa
ipkuniäa

uäna/ugna

one(s) near the door

Absolutive

that/those near the door

Relativeof that/those near the door

Locative (in, at)

at that/those near the door

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those near the door

Vialis (through)Similaris (like)
Modalis (object
mkr)

sakimna
Absolutive
Relative
Locative (in, at)Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)
Vialis (through)Similaris (like)
Modalis (object
mkr)

Dual
those two
ukkuakPluralthose three+ukkua

ukkuakukkua

ukkuänaäni

ukkunani

ukkuänuäa

ukkunuäa

from that/those near thedoor
through that/those near thedoor
like that/those near thedoor(with) that/those near thedoor

Singularthat oneuäna
ugna
ugrumauktumaugrumaniuktumani
ugrumuäa
uktumuäa
ugrumakäa
uktumaääa
ugrumuuna
uktumuuna
ugrumatun
uktumatun
ugrumiäa
uktumiäa

ukkuänakäa
ukkuänaääa
ukkuänuuna

ukkunakäa
ukkunaääa
ukkunuuna

ukkuänaktun

ukkunatun

ukkuäniäa

ukkuniäa

one(s) outside the door
not visible
that/those outside the doorof that/those outside thedoor
at that/those outside thedoor
to that/those outside thedoorfrom that/those outside thedoorthrough that/those outside
the door
like that/those outside thedoor(with) that/those outside
the door

Singularthat onesakimnasakivruma
sakiptuma
sakivrumani
sakiptumani
sakivrumuäa
sakiptumuäa
sakivrumakäa
sakiptumaääa
sakivrumuuna
sakiptumuuna
sakivrumatun
sakiptumatun
sakivrumiäa
sakiptumiäa

Dual
those two
sakipkuak
sakipkuak

Pluralthose three+sakipkua
sakipkua

sakipkuänaäni

sakipkunani

sakipkuänuäa

sakipkunuäa

sakipkuänakäa
sakipkuänaääa
sakipkuänuuna

sakipkunakäa
sakipkunaääa
sakipkunuuna

sakipkuänaktun

sakipkunatun

sakipkuäniäa

sakipkuniäa

478

ikña/igña
Absolutive

one(s) across there
stationary/specificthat/those across there

Relativeof that/those across there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those across there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those across there

Vialis (through)Similaris (like)through that/those acrossthere
like that/those across there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those across
there

aäna/agna
Absolutive

one(s) across there
moving/extended
that/those across there

Relativeof that/those across there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those across there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those across there

from that/those across there

Similaris (like)from that/those acrossthere
through that/those acrossthere
like that/those across there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those acrossthere

Vialis (through)Singularthat oneikña
igña
iksrumaiktumaiksrumaniiktumani
iksrumuäa
iktumuäa
iksrumakäa
iktumaääa
iksrumuuna
iktumuuna
iksrumatun
iktumatun
iksrumiäa
iktumiäa

Dual
those twoikiguakichiguakikiguak

Pluralthose three+ikiguaichigua
ikiguaikiguänaäni

ikigunani

ikiguänuäa

ikigunuäa

ichiguänakäa
ikiguänaääa
ikiguänuuna

ichigunakäa
ikigunaääa
ikigunuuna

ikiguänaktun

ikigunatun

ikiguäniäa

ikiguniäa

Singularthat oneaäna
agna
agrumaaktumaagrumaniaktumani
agrumuäa
aktumuäa
agrumakäa
aktumaääa
agrumuuna
aktumuuna
agrumatun
aktumatun
agrumiäa
aktumiäa

Dual
those two
akkuakPluralthose three+akkua

akkuakakkua

akkuänaäni

akkunani

akkuänuäa

akkunuäa

akkuänakäa
akkuänaääa
akkuänuuna

akkunakäa
akkunaääa
akkunuuna

akkuänaktun

akkunatun

akkuäniäa

akkuniäa

479

akimna
Absolutive
Relativeone(s) across there
not visible
that/those across thereof that/those across there

Similaris (like)from that/those acrossthere
through that/those acrossthere
like that/those across there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those acrossthereSingularthat oneakimnaakivruma
akiptuma
akivrumani
akiptumani
akivrumuäa
akiptumuäa
akivrumakäa
akiptumaääa
akivrumuuna
akiptumuuna
akivrumatun
akiptumatun
akivrumiäa
akiptumiäa

Locative (in, at)

at that/those across there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those across there

iñña
Absolutive

one(s) over there
stationary/specificthat/those over there

Singularthat oneiñña

Relativeof that/those over there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those over there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those over there

Vialis (through)through that/those over
there
like that/those over there

irrumaittumairrumaniittumani
irrumuäa
ittumuäa
irrumakäa
ittumaääa
irrumuuna
ittumuunairrumatun
ittumatun
irrumiäa
ittumiäa

Vialis (through)Similaris (like)
Modalis (object
mkr)

from that/those over there(with) that/those over there

480

Dual
those two
akipkuakakipkuak

Pluralthose three+akipkua
akipkua

akipkuänaäni

akipkunani

akipkuänuäa

akipkunuäa

akipkuänakäa
akipkuänaääa
akipkuänuuna

akipkunakäa
akipkunaääa
akipkunuuna

akipkuänaktun

akipkunatun

akipkuäniäa

akipkuniäa

Dual
those twoitchuakitkuakitchuakitkuakitchuänaäni
itkuänaäni
itchuänuäa
itkuänuäa
itchuänakäa
itkuänaääa
itchuänuuna
itkuänuuna
itchuänaktun
itkuänaktun
itchuäniäa
itkuäniäa

Pluralthose three+itchuaitkua
itchuaitkua
itchunani
itkunaniitchunuäa
itkunuäa
itchunakäa
itkunaääa
itchunuuna
itkunuuna
itchunatun
itkunatun
itchuniäa
itkuniäa

amna

one(s) over there

Absolutive
Relativethat/those over thereof that/those over there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those over here

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those over there

Vialis (through)through that/those over
there
like that/those over there

Similaris (like)from that/those over there

Singularthat oneamna
avrumaaptumaavrumani
aptumani
avrumuäa
aptumuäa
avrumakäa
aptumaääa
avrumuuna
aptumuuna
avrumatun
aptumatun
avrumiäa
aptumiäa

Dual
those two
apkuakapkuakPluralthose three+
apkua
apkua

apkuänaäni

apkunani

apkuänuäa

apkunuäa

apkuänakäa
apkuänaääa
apkuänuuna

apkunakäa
apkunaääa
apkunuuna

apkuänaktun

apkunatun

apkuäniäa

apkuniäa

Dual
those two
pitchuakpitkuak
pitchuakpitkuak
pitchuänaäni
pitkuänaäni
pitchuänuäa
pitkuänuäa
pitchuänakäa
pitkuänaääa
pitchuänuuna
pitkuänuuna
pitchuänaktun
pitkuänaktun
pitchuäniäa
pitkuäniäaPluralthose three+pitchua
pitkuapitchua
pitkuapitchunani
pitkunani
pitchunuäa
pitkunuäa
pitchunakäa
pitkunaääa
pitchunuuna
pitkunuuna
pitchunatun
pitkunatun
pitchuniäa
pitkuniäa

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those over there

piñña
Absolutive

one(s) toward back there
stationary/specificthat/those back there

Singularthat onepiñña

Relativeof that/those back there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those back there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those back there

Vialis (through)Similaris (like)through that/those backthere
like that/those back there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those backthere

pirrumapittumapirrumani
pittumanipirrumuäa
pittumuäa
pirrumakäa
pittumaääa
pirrumuuna
pittumuuna
pirrumatun
pittumatun
pirrumiäa
pittumiäa

from that/those back there481

pamnaone(s) toward back there

Dual
those two
papkuakpapkuak

Pluralthose three+papkuapapkuapapkuänaäni

papkunani

papkuänuäa

papkunuäa

papkuänakäa
papkuänaääa
papkuänuuna

papkunakäa
papkunaääa
papkunuuna

papkuänaktun

papkunatun(with) that/those backthere

Singularthat onepamna
pavruma
paptumapavrumani
paptumanipavrumuäa
paptumuäa
pavrumakäa
paptumaääa
pavrumuuna
paptumuuna
pavrumatun
paptumatun
pavrumiäa
paptumiäa

Absolutive
Relativethat/those back thereof that/those back there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those back there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those back there

Vialis (through)Similaris (like)through that/those backthere
like that/those back there

Modalis (object
mkr)

papkuäniäa

papkuniäa

kimña
Absolutive

one(s) in there
stationary/specificthat/those in there

Singularthat one
kimña

Relativeof that/those in there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those in there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those in there

Vialis (through)through that/those in there

Similaris (like)

like that/those in there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those in there

kivrumakiptumakivrumani
kiptumani
kivrumuäa
kiptumuäa
kivrumakäa
kiptumaääa
kivrumuuna
kiptumuuna
kivrumatun
kiptumatun
kivrumiäa
kiptumiäa

Dual
those two
kipchuakkipkuakkipchuakkipkuakkipchuänaäni
kipkuänaäni
kipchuänuäa
kipkuänuäa
kipchuänakäa
kipkuänaääa
kipchuänuuna
kipkuänuuna
kipchuänaktun
kipkuänaktun
kipchuäniäa
kipkuäniäaPluralthose three+kipchua
kipkuakipchua
kipkuakipchunani
kipkunanikipchunuäa
kipkunuäa
kipchunakäa
kipkunaääa
kipchunuuna
kipkunuuna
kipchunatun
kipkunatun
kipchuniäa
kipkuniäa

from that/those back there

from that/those in there482

qamnaone(s) in there

Absolutive
Relativethat/those in thereof that/those in there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those in there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those in there

Vialis (through)through that/those in there

Similaris (like)

like that/those in there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those in there

kiäña/kigña
Absolutive

one(s) out there
stationary/specificthat/those out there

Relativeof that/those out there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those out there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those out there

Vialis (through)through that/those out there

Similaris (like)

like that/those out there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those out there

from that/those in there

from that/those out there

Singularthat oneqamna
qavruma
qaptumaqavrumani
qaptumaniqavrumuäa
qaptumuäa
qavrumakäa
qaptumaääa
qavrumuuna
qaptumuuna
qavrumatun
qaptumatun
qavrumiäa
qaptumiäa

Dual
those two
qapkuakqapkuak

Pluralthose three+qapkuaqapkuaqapkuänaäni

qapkunani

qapkuänuäa

qapkunuäa

qapkuänakäa
qapkuänaääa
qapkuänuuna

qapkunakäa
qapkunaääa
qapkunuuna

qapkuänaktun

qapkunatun

qapkuäniäa

qapkuniäa

Singularthat one
kiäña
kigña
kigrumakiktumakigrumani
kiktumani
kigrumuäa
kiktumuäa
kigrumakäa
kiktumaääa
kigrumuuna
kiktumuuna
kigrumatun
kiktumatun
kigrumiäa
kiktumiäa

Dual
those twokikkuak

Pluralthose three+kikkuakikkuakkikkuakikkuänaäni

kikkunani

kikkuänuäa

kikkunuäa

kikkuänakäa
kikkuänaääa
kikkuänuuna

kikkunakäa
kikkunaääa
kikkunuuna

kikkuänaktun

kikkunatun

kikkuäniäa

kikkuniäa

483

qaäna/qagna
Absolutive

one(s) out there
moving/extended
that/those out there

Relativeof that/those out there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those out there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those out there

Vialis (through)through that/those out
therelike that/those out there

Similaris (like)from that/those out there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those out there

qakimna
Absolutive
Relativeone(s) out there
not visible
that/those out thereof that/those out there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those out there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those out there

Vialis (through)through that/those out
therelike that/those out there

Similaris (like)
Modalis (object
mkr)

from that/those out there(with) that/those out there

Singularthat one
qaäna
qagna
qagrumaqaktumaqagrumani
qaktumaniqagrumuäa
qaktumuäa
qagrumakäa
qaktumaääa
qagrumuuna
qaktumuuna
qagrumatun
qaktumatun
qagrumiäa
qaktumiäa

Dual
those two
qakkuak

Pluralthose three+qakkuaqakkuakqakkuaqakkuänaäni

qakkunani

qakkuänuäa

qakkunuäa

qakkuänakäa
qakkuänaääa
qakkuänuuna

qakkunakäa
qakkunaääa
qakkunuuna

qakkuänaktun

qakkunatun

qakkuäniäa

qakkuniäa

Singularthat one
qakimnaqakivruma
qakiptuma
qakivrumani
qakiptumani
qakivrumuäa
qakiptumuäa
qakivrumakäa
qakiptumaääa
qakivrumuuna
qakiptumuuna
qakivrumatun
qakiptumatun
qakivrumiäa
qakiptumiäa

Dual
those two
qakipkuak
qakipkuak

Pluralthose three+qakipkua
qakipkua

qakipkuänaäni

qakipkunani

qakipkuänuäa

qakipkunuäa

qakipkuänakäa
qakipkuänaääa
qakipkuänuuna

qakipkunakäa
qakipkunaääa
qakipkunuuna

484

qakipkuänaktun qakipkunatun
qakipkuäniäa

qakipkuniäa

kannaAbsolutive
Relativeone(s) down there
stationary/specificthat/those down thereof that/those down there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those down there

Terminalis (toward)

to that/those down there

Ablative (from)from that/those down
there
Vialis (through)through that/those down
there
Similaris (like)
like that/those down
there
Modalis (object mkr) (with) that/those down
there

unna
Absolutive
Relativeone(s) down there
moving/extended
that/those down thereof that/those down there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those down there

Terminalis (toward)

to that/those down there

Ablative (from)from that/those down
there
Vialis (through)through that/those down
there
Similaris (like)
like that/those down
there
Modalis (object mkr) (with) that/those down
thereSingularthat onekanna
karrumakattumakarrumani
kattumani
karrumuäa
kattumuäa
karrumakäa
kattumaääa
karrumuuna
kattumuuna
karrumatun
kattumatun
karrumiäa
kattumiäa

Dual
those twokatkuakkatkuak

Pluralthose three+katkuakatkuakatkuänaäni

katkunani

katkuänuäa

katkunuäa

katkuänakäa
katkuänaääa
katkuänuuna

katkunakäa
katkunaääa
katkunuuna

katkuänaktun

katkunatun

katkuäniäa

katkuniäa

Singularthat oneunna
urrumakattumaurrumani
uttumani
urrumuäa
uttumuäa
urrumakäa
uttumaääa
urrumuuna
uttumuuna
urrumatunuttumatun
urrumiäa
uttumiäa

Dual
those two
utkuakutkuakPluralthose three+
utkua
utkua

utkuänaäni

utkunani

utkuänuäa

utkunuäa

utkuänakäa
utkuänaääa
utkuänuuna

utkunakäa
utkunaääa
utkunuuna

utkuänaktun

utkunatun

utkuäniäa

utkuniäa

485samnaAbsolutive
Relativeone(s) out there
not visible
that/those in thereof that/those in there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those in there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those in there

Vialis (through)through that/those in there

Similaris (like)

like that/those in there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those in there

pikña/pigña
Absolutive

one(s) up there
stationary/specificthat/those up there

Relativeof that/those up there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those up there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those up there

Vialis (through)through that/those up there

Similaris (like)

like that/those up there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those up there

from that/those in there

from that/those up there

Singularthat onesamna
savrumasaptumasavrumanisaptumanisavrumuäa
saptumuäa
savrumakäa
saptumaääa
savrumuuna
saptumuuna
savrumatun
saptumatun
savrumiäa
saptumiäa

Dual
those twosapkuaksapkuak

Pluralthose three+sapkuasapkuasapkuänaäni

sapkunanisapkuänuäa

sapkunuäa

sapkuänakäa
sapkuänaääa
sapkuänuuna

sapkunakäa
sapkunaääa
sapkunuuna

sapkuänaktun

sapkunatun

sapkuäniäa

sapkuniäa

Singularthat one
pikña
pigña
piksruma
piktumapiksrumani
piktumanipiksrumuäa
piktumuäa
piksrumakäa
piktumaääa
piksrumuuna
piktumuuna
piksrumatun
piktumatun
piksrumiäa
piktumiäa

Dual
those two
pikkuak

Pluralthose three+pikkuapikkuakpikkuapikkuänaäni

pikkunani

pikkuänuäa

pikkunuäa

pikkuänakäa
pikkuänaääa
pikkuänuuna

pikkunakäa
pikkunaääa
pikkunuuna

pikkuänaktun

pikkunatun

pikkuäniäa

pikkuniäa

486

paäna/pagna
Absolutive

one(s) up there
moving/extended
that/those up there

Relativeof that/those up there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those up there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those up there

Vialis (through)through that/those up there

Similaris (like)

like that/those up there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those up there

pakimna
Absolutive
Relativeone(s) up there
not visible
that/those up thereof that/those up there

Locative (in, at)

at that/those up there

Terminalis(toward)Ablative (from)to that/those up there

Vialis (through)through that/those up there

Similaris (like)

like that/those up there

Modalis (object
mkr)(with) that/those up there

from that/those up there

from that/those up there

Singularthat one
paäna
pagna
pagrumapaktumapagrumani
paktumanipagrumuäa
paktumuäa
pagrumakäa
paktumaääa
pagrumuuna
paktumuuna
pagrumatun
paktumatun
pagrumiäa
paktumiäa

Dual
those two
pakkuak

Pluralthose three+pakkuapakkuakpakkuapakkuänaäni

pakkunani

pakkuänuäa

pakkunuäa

pakkuänakäa
pakkuänaääa
pakkuänuuna

pakkunakäa
pakkunaääa
pakkunuuna

pakkuänaktun

pakkunatun

pakkuäniäa

pakkuniäa

Singularthat onepakimnapakivruma
pakiptuma
pakivrumani
pakiptumani
pakivrumuäa
pakiptumuäa
pakivrumakäa
pakiptumaääa
pakivrumuuna
pakiptumuuna
pakivrumatun
pakiptumatun
pakivrumiäa
pakiptumiäa

Dual
those two
pakipkuak
pakipkuak

Pluralthose three+pakipkua
pakipkua

pakipkuänaäni

pakipkunani

pakipkuänuäa

pakipkunuäa

pakipkuänakäa
pakipkuänaääa
pakipkuänuuna

pakipkunakäa
pakipkunaääa
pakipkunuuna

487

pakipkuänaktun pakipkunatun
pakipkuäniäa

pakipkuniäa

3. Demonstrative Pronouns with prefix ta(t)-Stem Absolutive, sg
UvtaamnaMattamannaImtaimmaUg
tauänaSakm tasrakimnaIktaikñaAgtaaänaAkm taakimnaIt
taiññaAv
taamnaamtaamnapit
tatpiñña
pav
tatpamnapam
tatpamnakiv
tatkimña
qav
tatqamnaqam
tatqamnakigtatkiäña
qag
tatqaäna
qakm tatqakimna
kantakannauntaunnasamtasramnapik
tatpikña
pagtatpaäna
pakm tatpakimna

Relative, sg
taavrumatamarruma
taivrumataugruma
tasrakivruma
taiksruma
taagrumataakivruma
tairrumataavrumataavruma
tatpirruma
tatpavruma
tatpavruma
tatkivruma
tatqavruma
tatqavruma
tatkigruma
tatqagruma
tatqakivruma
takarruma
taurruma
tasravruma
tatpiksruma
tatpagruma
tatpakivruma

dual
taapkuaktamatkuak
taipchuak
taukkuaktasrakipkuak
taikkuaktaakkuaktaakipkuak
taitchuak
taapkuaktaapkuaktatpitchuak
tatpapkuak
tatpapkuak
tatkipchuak
tatqapkuak
tatqapkuak
tatkikkuak
tatqakkuak
tatqakipkuak
takatkuak
tautkuaktasrapkuak
tatpikkuak
tatpakkuak
tatpakipkuak

pluraltaapkua
tamatkua
taipchuataukkuatasrakipkua
taikkuataakkuataakipkua
taitchuataapkuataapkuatatpitchua
tatpapkua
tatpapkua
tatkipchuatatqapkua
tatqapkua
tatkikkua
tatqakkua
tatqakipkua
takatkua
tautkuaktasrapkua
tatpikkua
tatpakkua
tatpakipkua

prefixtattatatatatatatatatatatattattattattattattattattattatatatattattat-

This is the only prefix in Iñupiatun. It is added to most of the demonstratives for emphasis. It is usedmuch like one would say in English, “I mean that man over there” when one wants to distinguish thisparticular man from any man “over there.”488

The user of the dictionary will find these sample sentences helpful. They align with the chartson the previous pages.
1. Demonstrative Adverbs
Uvva kuukpiaksran.
Uvuäa iáiálauä yuuqaksraàa.
Uvuäautillaguä taamna killaiyaan.

Here is your coffee.
Please place my hot beverage right here.
Please bring your sewing project over [to] here.

Tavrataamna iàñiàa puqiksuaq.
Tavrakäa aullaqtuq Sisualiämun.
Ikkatuakun tavruunaaàniaàitchi.

That one [there] is my son, who is smart.
From there he went to Sisualik (place near Kotzebue).
Don’t travel through that shallow water.

Marra manna iñunäunalgitchuq.
Umiaq mauäatmun aggiqsaaqtuq.
Maani iñuuniaqtuni itraiñiqsuq.

This one (implied: child) is quite active again aroundhere.
The boat is coming in this direction.
I find living here to be [a] warm [climate].

Imma tusraànaqsiaqsiruq umiaqpak.
Uqaàuguutin imani uqaqsitaaqmata.
Taimakäaqaäa itriáiàuuniqsuaq.

One can hear the sound of the big boat in the distance.
Remember, you said that at the trial at that time.
It has been getting cold for a long time.

Ugga taluliqiri qichaqtuq.
Tauggani isiqapta qichaàaqtugut
Tauggakäaqsaaqtuq atuàiaqhuni.

The doorkeeper is standing near the entrance.
When we entered we always stood near the door.
He walked up from near the entrance to sing.

Sakma isiàniaqtuaq iñuksrularuq.
Sakmuäa anillaguä uqsruq.
Sakmani sakma katchalaruq.

Someone coming in is making noise in the entryway.
Take the seal oil out into the storm entry.
Someone is knocking repeatedly on the door out there.

Ikka itña ikaaàuktuq.
Itchuäatmuäniaàataàniqsuqtarra.
Aanaga itchaniaäani iñuuniaqtuàli.

That one across there wants to come to this side.
He worked hard/long to go across [the river].
My grandmother lived across the river.

Agga qipmiurat paäalikkatauraqtut.
Auäaqsaaàuraaqtuq sukaiáipáuni.
Tumitchaurakun aunnaaqsaaqtuq.

The puppies are running around across there.
He sauntered across to the other side.
He is walking on the trail on the opposite side.

Akma iáaalugruich anniiqsauàiaàuknaqtut. The children must have gone to play across there.
Akmakäa aglagviämiñ ikaalgiññiqsut.
They have come from the school that is across there.
Paniiä, akmakäaqpich kisivich?
Daughter, did you come from across there by yourself?
Kisuuniqpa-tai iñña iglaaq.
Iiyaaä, iñakäautilauä-tuq asriaksrautiga

I wonder who that visitor is over there.
My dear, please bring my berries from right over there.
489

Isillaktuq iñuuna.

He entered right though there.

Avva pisruktuaqtuq tauqsiàñiaàviämun. He is walking to the store over there.
Tuvaaqatigiik avakäaqsaaqtuaàuraaqniàsuk. The couple is making its way from over there.
Avuäaqataallaksaaqsiruäa.
I am going on a short visit over there.
Amma agaayyuviämi atuuraaqtut.
Amakäaqtiqpichuvva.
Qaluk una amuäautiuä!

They are singing in the church over there.
Did you just come from over there?
Bring this fish over there.

Qiñiqpiuä tuttu piñña?
Qilakmik piñakäaqtiqtuq.
Piñuuna mayuàniaqnak.

Do you see the caribou back there?
He came quickly from over there.
Don’t climb through back there.

Pavva tuttut aggiaqsiñiqsut.
Tiniikaq pavuunnaaqpaluktuq.
Asriat-guuq pamma pavani.

The caribou are coming back there.
The moose may have gone through back there.
Berries are back there in certain spots.

Isiànaqtuq pamaniaäagun.
Qaluäniaqqaaqhuni pamakäaàniqsuq.
Paniktut pamakäautliàniàaich.

One can enter through the back.
After catching fish, he came from back there.
They brought the dried fish from back there.

Kivva agaayuliqsi quliaqtuaqtuq.
The pastor is preaching inside.
Agaayuniqpakmata napaaqtuq kivaniittaqtuq. When they celebrate Christmas, the tree is way inside.
Qavva uniaàaqautraqtuaq aggiqsaaqtuq. A man racing with a dog team is coming from upriver.
Iglaat qavakäaqsaaqtut.
Visitors are coming from upriver.
Piññaqusriqsuàaat qavuuna agaayuniqpaâiàmi. People are decorating inside during Christmas.
Qammaguuq aaquaksraatchauraq nikniaqtuq. The old woman is cooking inside, they said.
Qamani aäutaat itpalukmiuq.
Perhaps her husband is inside too.
Tatqamakäaqamiqpich?
Did you just come from in there?
Kigga ukalliuraq niàiuraqtuq.
Kiuäa annisillauä puukataàa.
Uqqaaàiralgitchuk kiani.

The little rabbit is eating out there.
Please take my sack to the outside.
They(2) are talking to each other out there.

Qagga iñuich ittuanàiágitchut.
Tatqaani tiämiurat tautuänaàuuniqsut.
Qauna maugallaäniqsuq.

People are busy again out there.
The birds are visible out there.
It appears that he walked through deep snow out there.

Qakma qikiàaqpaluktaqtuaq tusraaàaa.
Qakmakäa qirruksiááagin.

She heard footsteps crunching in the snow outside.
Get firewood from outside.

490

Kanna qupilàuq aatchigaaä!
Kanuäautigaa aimmaàaa.
Takanuuna nuisaallaktuq.

Look at that insect down there.
Someone took my berry basket down there.
He showed up through down there.

Unna natchiàñiaqtuat qiñiànaqtut.
Ugruäniaqtit unuäatmuksaaqtut.
Taunani aààiunaqtut.

One can see seal hunters down there.
They are playing down there.

Samma samna qavuäaàulianiágitchuq.
Samakäaaniñ tupiq uquqsaàaat.

That one down there wants to go upriver already.
They insulate under the house (“from under”).

Hunters for bearded seal are traveling toward the ocean.

Pikka nuviivak nakikäatai nuiágiññiqsuq. I wonder where the fly up there came from.
Pikakäa puyuàvikkun isiqpaluktuq.
Perhaps it came in through the stovepipe from up there.
Pagga nuviivakpak tiämiraqataqtuq, nanaa. That big fly is buzzing around up there, to my dismay.
Tiämisuutiqpaich pauna tiämiuraaàuurut. The big planes always fly way up high.
Paakäa suatai kataäniqpa?
I wonder what fell from up there.
Tulugaq pakma tupqum qaaäani qalàuqtuq. The raven on top of the house is cawing.
Jesus atqaàniaqtuq pakmakäa iáaatnigu. Jesus is going to come down from heaven some day.
Pakmuäatmun isrumauraàniaqta.
Let us think heavenward.
2. Demonstrative Pronouns
Una talliagun mamitallaguä!
Iáapkun ukunuuna atutlasriruäa.
Uumakäa mikitluäniqsutin.

Put a bandage on his arm.
I learned to sing through these [people], my associates.
You are smaller than this one.

Taamna qipmiq niàisuuruq.
Taapkuänakäa niqiksraruaruq.
Taapkunatitun qiáuguuruq.

That one dog loves to eat.
He gets food from those two.
He barks like those (dogs).

Manna aànaq savvaktuâallaktuq.
Atlatun matkunatitun inàitchuq.
Marrumakäa aqpiäñiaàaqtugut.

That woman is a hard worker.
She is not like others around here.
We usually pick cloudberries from around here.

Iáaqatiga imña sullakpa-tai.
I wonder what happened to my companion.
Ipchunani iñuäni iññiatlairruqtugalukkut. It is amazing that people haven’t come to visit!
Ipchunani iñuäni iññiatlaitchalukkut.
It is amazing that people don’t come to visit!
Ivrumani asriaàniaàviptikni niàiñiaqtugut. We ate at the place where we picked blueberries.
Uäna iñuk aquvittillugu.
Ugrumuuna aniñiuraàin.

Let the person near the door sit down.
Go out with the one near the door.

491

Sakimna katchaktuqtuaq isitlaiàuknaqtuq. It appears the person knocking outside is unable to come in.
Sakivrumiäa malliàñiaqnak.
Don’t start hanging out with that one there.
Ikña aäun kimik-tai atiqaqpa.
I wonder about the name of the man across there.
Ichiguänakäa kuukpiaksriallaâhiñauvich? Could you get some coffee from those two across there?
Iksrumatun tupiqaàuliqsuq.
She wants to have a house like that one across there.
Aäna nuna piññaknaqtuq.
The land across there is beautiful.
Agrumani tikiqqami nuyuaànaqtuq.
It is dangerous in the forest across there.
Agrumuuna tumitchiakun pisruksaaqtuq. She is walking along the path across there.
Akimna aanaga nakuugaluaqpa?
Akipkunakäa iáamniñ tuyusriaqaqtuäa.

Is my grandmother across there in good health?
I received a letter from my relatives across there.

Iñña iqumiraaàuralgitchuq.
Ichuänaktun qiññaqaàuliqsiqtuq.

That one over there is making faces again.
All of a sudden she wants to look like them over there.

Amna pisruktuaqtuaq sumik-tai paqitchiááakpa? I wonder what the man walking over there found.
Apkunuuna pisruktuaqtuatigun aullaqmiuq. He left with those who are going for a walk.
Amna aäatchiaàa niàisukpaluktuaq.
Apkunakäa qaluksriaqtiqtuq.

My uncle over there is probably hungry.
He went to get fish from those two over there.

Piñña napaaqtuq takiniqsuq.
Pirrumuuna talukun isiqtuq.

The tree back there is tall.
He entered through the door back there.

Pamna qimiàaaq kikmiñiqaqtuq.
Pavrumuuna tumitchialigaqsiñiqsuq.

There are cranberries on the hill back there.
He started making a road back there.

Pamna uqautigisruukkaäat asriaäitchuq maatna. This time there are no berries back there at theplace about which they used to talk.
Pavrumakäa paqitchiruäa asriaviänik.
I found blueberries back there.
Kimña atuqtuat quviatchaktuq.
Kipchua atuqtuuraqtit iglaäaaàiksut.

The one in there singing became joyful.
Those musicians inside are all smiling.

Qapkua umiaàluktuat aggiuraaqtut.
Those still upriver are coming on a log raft.
Qapkunuäa kuvraqsruqtuanun payullaktiàin niqiksraäatnik. Serve some food to those upriver who
check the nets.
Qamna nikñiaqtuaq pugutaqsrularuq.
The one cooking in there is making noise with dishes.
Qavruma iáaqatvich tuqâuyasrivalukkaatiguk. Perhaps your spouse inside is ready to call us.
Kiäña nautchiaàa nauâaniaqtuq.

My plant out there certainly grew nicely.
492

Kigruma napaaqtum taààisimauraaàluàaatigut. We are thankful for the shade that tree out there
provides.
Qaäna tupqum siáataa salumaruq.
The area outside the house is clean.
Qagrumuuna tumitchiakun kaivraatiqsaàin. Quickly go around the [house] on the trail out there.
Qakimna qipmiq qanisanun isiàuknaqtuq. It sounds like the dog has come into the porch.
Qakipkunani iyaalugruaàni qitiktuaqtuq. He is playing among the children out there.
Kanna umiami iksruiruq.
Karrumakäa taatapniñ maniksriaqsaàin.

That one down there is loading the boat.
See that you get some money from you dad down there.

Unna ikaaqtuaq pisruviuraalgitchuq.
The one crossing down there is strutting.
Urrumakäa aaqaurakniñ pisruktuamiñ ikutiksriaàin.
Go and get matches from your older
sister down there.
Samna aviññauraq tupqum ataaniitchuknaqtuq. I assume there is a mouse under the house.
Iqmaktat paniktut sapkunakäa mauäautiâuaàniàaich. They brought the bundle of fish from thosepeople down there.
Pikña saqalataayiq mayuàniqsuq napaaqtum nuvuanun. A tree squirrel is climbing to the tip of
the tree up there.
Piksrumiäa uvluàiaääuamik piññaqqiaklaktuq. She was struck by the beauty of the artificial
star (“tree topper”) up there.
Paäna tiämisuugauraq sukaâuaàniqsuq.
That little plane up there is faster than expected.
Tiämiuraaàviksraq pagrumatun tatirgatun. [Wow, I wish I] could fly like that crane up there.
Pakimna katrulaniagaqsipmatun.
[It sounds] like it’s getting ready to thunder up there.
Pakivrumuäa tiämiuraq uvluusriiñiqsuq. The little bird made a nest in that place up there.

493

REFERENCES
Jacobson, Steven A. 1984. Yup’ik Eskimo Dictionary. Alaska Native Language Center,
Fairbanks, Alaska.
Kaplan, Lawrence D. 1981. Phonological Issues in North Alaska Iñupiaq, in: Alaska Native
Language Center Research Papers, Number 6. Alaska Native Language Center, Fairbanks,
Alaska.
Lowe, Ronald. 1985. Siglit Inuvialuit Uqausiita Ilisarviksait (Basic Siglit Inuvialuit Eskimo
Grammar). Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement, Inuvik, NW Territories, Canada.
MacLean, Edna A. 1980. Iñupiallu Tanäiááu Uqaluäisa Iáaäich (Abridged Iñupiaq andEnglish Dictionary). Alaska Native Language Center, Fairbanks, and Iñupiat Language
Commission, Barrow, Alaska.
MacLean, Edna A. 19863. North Slope Iñupiaq Grammar, First Year. Alaska Native
Language Center, Fairbanks, Alaska.
Unpublished Manuscript. No date. Dictionary Draft. Alaska Native Language Center,
Fairbanks, Alaska.
Webster, Donald H. 19682. Let’s Learn Eskimo. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Fairbanks,
Alaska.
Webster, Donald H. and Wilfried Zibell. 1970. Iñupiat Eskimo Dictionary. Summer Instituteof Linguistics, Fairbanks, Alaska. Published for Alaska Rural School Project, Departmentof Education, University of Alaska.

494