1Taki’s 8.5 Magnitude Star Atlas

Toshimi Taki
Revision -: January 7, 2006

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3
2. References................................................................................................................................ 3
3. Specification............................................................................................................................. 4
4. Symbols .................................................................................................................................... 4
5. Chart ID ..................................................................................................................................... 5
6. Deep Sky Object List ............................................................................................................... 9
6.1 Introduction of Deep Sky Object Catalogs.................................................................... 10
6.1.1 Messier Catalog ......................................................................................................... 10
6.1.2 Caldwell Catalog........................................................................................................ 10
6.1.3 Best Objects in the New General Catalog .............................................................. 10
6.1.4 Catalog of deep-sky objects in "Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky", by Roger N.
Clark......................................................................................................................................11
6.1.5 Herschel 400 ...............................................................................................................11
6.1.6 Herschel-II .................................................................................................................. 12
6.1.7 The RASC's Finest N.G.C. Objects List .................................................................. 13
6.1.8 The TAAS 200 Observing List .................................................................................. 13
6.2 Information of Deep Sky Objects ................................................................................... 13
7. About the Author ................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 1.

Symbols ................................................................................................................. 15

Table 1 (1/3).

Abbreviations for Object Name..................................................................... 16

Table 1 (2/3).

Abbreviations for Object Name..................................................................... 17

Table 1 (3/3).

Abbreviations for Object Name..................................................................... 18

Table 2.

Object Type .............................................................................................................. 19

Table 3.

Constellation Names and Abbreviations.............................................................. 20

Table 4.

Class......................................................................................................................... 21

Table 5.

NGC Visual Description.......................................................................................... 22

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1. Introduction
After completing Taki's Star Atlas (introduced in Sky & Telescope, June 2005, p. 103), I planneda next project of star atlas. Using the same technique I developed for the earlier star atlas, I
thought that it would be rather easy to produce a more detailed star atlas.
I decided that the next star atlas would be a substitute of Sky Atlas 2000.0, because Sky Atlas
2000.0 is too big (charts unfold to 21x16") for using at telescope. I like the format of Uranometria
2000. Smaller format is easier to be used at a telescope. Combination with my earlier star atlas
will be a useful tool for deep sky observation. The same projection method and symbols areused in the both atlases. Of course, the new star atlas is free! You can down load the star atlas at
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~zs3t-tk/.

2. References
All the data used for the star atlas are available via Internet.
[1] "SAO Star Catalog J2000 (SAO Staff 1966; USNO, ADC 1990)"[2] D. Hoffleit, W. H. Warren Jr., "The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary
Version)," Astronomical Data Center, NSSDC/ADC (1991)[3] D. Hoffleit, M. Saladyga and P. Wlasuk, "A Supplement to the Bright Star Catalogue," Yale
University Obs. (1983)[4] A. C. Davenhall and S. K. Leggett, "A Catalogue of Constellation Boundary Data," (1990) -->There are some errors in the data.
[5] "Saguaro Astronomy Club Database," Version 7.2, (2000)[6] "Charles Messier's Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters"[7] Patrick Moore and the Editors of Sky & Telescope, "The Caldwell Catalog: 109 Deep-Sky
Delights for Backyard Observers," (1995)[8] "Herschel 400 List," Astronomical League[9] T. Taki, “Taki’s Star Atlas,” Available at http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~zs3t-tk/.

4

3. Specification(1) Projection: Modified Transverse Mercator Projection(2) Number of Charts: 146 + 3(3) Scale: 8.4mm/degree

ÅÆ Star Atlas 2000.0 Second Ed.: 8.2mm/degree(4) Chart Size: A4(5) Magnitude of Faintest Star: 8.5 (over 88,000 stars)

ÅÆ Star Atlas 2000.0 Second Ed.: 8.5 (81,312 stars)(6) More than 2900 Deep Sky Objects <--> Star Atlas 2000.0 Second Ed.: 2700 objects
Number of Bright Nebulae:

66

Number of Dark Nebulae:

9

Number of Open Clusters:

541

Number of Asterisms:

up to 10.0mag

2

Number of Globular Clusters:

112

up to 12.0mag

Number of Planetary Nebulae:167

up to 12.5mag

Number of Galaxies:

2025

up to 12.5mag

Number Super Nova Remnants:

5

Number of Quasars:

1-------------------------------------------------------------Total:

2928

All Herschel 400 objects are plotted and the objects in Caldwell catalog are labeled.

4. Symbols
Figure 1 shows the symbols used in the star atlas.
Note that some of the large objects are depicted with thin line.

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5. Chart ID==================================
Chart ID

Right Ascension Declination==================================
1

0h to 24h

+83 to +90

2

22h to 24h+62 to +83

320h to 22h+62 to +83

418h to 20h+62 to +83

516h to 18h+62 to +83

614h to 16h+62 to +83

712h to 14h+62 to +83

810h to 12h+62 to +83

98h to 10h

+62 to +83

106h to 8h

+62 to +83

114h to 6h

+62 to +83

122h to 4h

+62 to +83

130h to 2h

+62 to +83--------------------------------------------------------14

23h to 24h+37 to +62

1522h to 23h+37 to +62

1621h to 22h+37 to +62

1720h to 21h+37 to +62

18

19h to 20h+37 to +62

1918h to 19h+37 to +62

20

17h to 18h+37 to +62

21

16h to 17h+37 to +62

2215h to 16h+37 to +62

23

14h to 15h+37 to +62

24

13h to 14h+37 to +62

25

12h to 13h+37 to +62--------------------------------------------------------26

11h to 12h+37 to +62

27

10h to 11h+37 to +62

28

9h to 10h

+37 to +62

29

8h to 9h

+37 to +62

30

7h to 8h

+37 to +62

631

6h to 7h

+37 to +62

32

5h to 6h

+37 to +62

33

4h to 5h

+37 to +62

34

3h to 4h

+37 to +62

35

2h to 3h

+37 to +62

36

1h to 2h

+37 to +62

37

0h to 1h

+37 to +62--------------------------------------------------------38

23h to 24h+12 to +37

39

22h to 23h+12 to +37

40

21h to 22h+12 to +37

41

20h to 21h+12 to +37

42

19h to 20h+12 to +37

43

18h to 19h+12 to +37

44

17h to 18h+12 to +37

45

16h to 17h+12 to +37

46

15h to 16h+12 to +37

47

14h to 15h+12 to +37

48

13h to 14h+12 to +37

49

12h to 13h+12 to +37--------------------------------------------------------50

11h to 12h+12 to +37

51

10h to 11h+12 to +37

52

9h to 10h

+12 to +37

53

8h to 9h

+12 to +37

54

7h to 8h

+12 to +37

55

6h to 7h

+12 to +37

56

5h to 6h

+12 to +37

57

4h to 5h

+12 to +37

58

3h to 4h

+12 to +37

59

2h to 3h

+12 to +37

60

1h to 2h

+12 to +37

61

0h to 1h

+12 to +37--------------------------------------------------------62

23h to 24h-12 to +1263

22h to 23h-12 to +12

764

21h to 22h-12 to +1265

20h to 21h-12 to +1266

19h to 20h-12 to +1267

18h to 19h-12 to +1268

17h to 18h-12 to +1269

16h to 17h-12 to +1270

15h to 16h-12 to +1271

14h to 15h-12 to +1272

13h to 14h-12 to +1273

12h to 13h-12 to +12--------------------------------------------------------74

11h to 12h-12 to +1275

10h to 11h-12 to +1276

9h to 10h

-12 to +1277

8h to 9h

-12 to +1278

7h to 8h

-12 to +1279

6h to 7h

-12 to +1280

5h to 6h

-12 to +1281

4h to 5h

-12 to +1282

3h to 4h

-12 to +1283

2h to 3h

-12 to +1284

1h to 2h

-12 to +1285

0h to 1h

-12 to +12--------------------------------------------------------86

23h to 24h-37 to -12

87

22h to 23h-37 to -12

88

21h to 22h-37 to -12

89

20h to 21h-37 to -12

90

19h to 20h-37 to -12

91

18h to 19h-37 to -1292

17h to 18h-37 to -12

93

16h to 17h-37 to -12

94

15h to 16h-37 to -1295

14h to 15h-37 to -1296

13h to 14h-37 to -1297

12h to 13h-37 to -128-------------------------------------------------------98

11h to 12h-37 to -1299

10h to 11h-37 to -12100

9h to 10h

-37 to -12

101

8h to 9h

-37 to -12102

7h to 8h

-37 to -12

103

6h to 7h

-37 to -12

104

5h to 6h

-37 to -12

105

4h to 5h

-37 to -12

106

3h to 4h

-37 to -12

107

2h to 3h

-37 to -12

108

1h to 2h

-37 to -12

109

0h to 1h

-37 to -12-------------------------------------------------------110

23h to 24h-62 to -37

111

22h to 23h-62 to -37

112

21h to 22h-62 to -37

113

20h to 21h-62 to -37

114

19h to 20h-62 to -37

115

18h to 19h-62 to -37

116

17h to 18h-62 to -37

117

16h to 17h-62 to -37

118

15h to 16h-62 to -37

119

14h to 15h-62 to -37

120

13h to 14h-62 to -37

121

12h to 13h-62 to -37-------------------------------------------------------122

11h to 12h-62 to -37

123

10h to 11h-62 to -37

124

9h to 10h

-62 to -37

125

8h to 9h

-62 to -37

126

7h to 8h

-62 to -37

127

6h to 7h

-62 to -37

128

5h to 6h

-62 to -37

129

4h to 5h

-62 to -37

130

3h to 4h

-62 to -37

9

131

2h to 3h

-62 to -37

132

1h to 2h

-62 to -37

133

0h to 1h

-62 to -37-------------------------------------------------------134

22h to 24h-83 to -62

135

20h to 22h-83 to -62

136

18h to 20h-83 to -62

137

16h to 18h-83 to -62

138

14h to 16h-83 to -62

139

12h to 14h-83 to -62

140

10h to 12h-83 to -62

141

8h to 10h

-83 to -62

142

6h to 8h

-83 to -62

143

4h to 6h

-83 to -62

144

2h to 4h

-83 to -62

145

0h to 2h

-83 to -62

146

0h to 24h

-90 to -83-------------------------------------------------------A1

Coma/Virgo Border

A2

Central Region of Orion

A3

Eta Carinae and Vicinity=================================

6. Deep Sky Object List
Deep Sky Object List (sorted with Chart ID and sorted with object name) is prepared. Deep Sky
Object List in MS-Excel is also available at http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~zs3t-tk/.
Basic data (position, type, class, magnitude, size, and NGC description) of deep sky objects isbased on Saguaro Astronomy Club Database version 7.2, dated Aug. 5, 2000. The database iscomplied by the Saguaro Astronomy Club (pronounced sa-war-oh) in Arizona, U.S.A.
I selected deep sky objects for the star atlas considering the specification described in Section 2.
Specification. I also include the all objects in the following catalogs. The list identifies thecatalogs in which each object is included.

z Messier Objectsz Caldwell Objects

10z The TAAS 200 Observing Listz The RASC's Finest N.G.C. Objects Listz Herschel 400 Objectsz Best Objects in the New General Catalog
The list also identifies the objects in “A catalog of deep-sky objects in ‘Visual Astronomy of the
Deep Sky’” and Herschel -II list.

6.1 Introduction of Deep Sky Object Catalogs
The information is obtained in the related websites.

6.1.1 Messier Catalog
Catalog of 109 deep sky objects by Charles Messier.

6.1.2 Caldwell Catalog
A list of 109 non-Messier objects prepared by Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore. The list includes
interesting objects in the whole sky.
Following is the introduction by Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore.
"The idea of the Caldwell Catalogue came to me one night, after I had been observing the Moon
(my own subject) and had looked casually at the Perseus Sword-Handle. This has no Messier
number. (Messier catalogued nebulae as 'objects to avoid' during his comet searches, and in any
case limited himself to the northern part of the sky.) There are many Messier clubs. Why not
draw up a catalogue of bright nebular objects omitted by Messier?
I did so - and more or less on the spur of the moment, sent it off to Sky and Telescope. To mysurprise it caught on, and by now everyone seems to use the Caldwell numbers. I could not use
M numbers, because Messier and Moore begin with M - but my proper name is hyphenated(Caldwell-Moore), so I used C."

6.1.3 Best Objects in the New General Catalog
Catalog compiled by A.J. Crayon and Steve Coe, Version 1.0, dated January 4, 1990.
This list includes 110 NGC objects.
"This list is used by members of the Saguaro Astronomy Club of Phoenix, AZ. for the Best of the
NGC achievement award."

11

6.1.4 Catalog of deep-sky objects in "Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky", by Roger N.
Clark
This catalog includes 611 deep sky objects.
Roger N. Clark writes:"This appendix lists the 611 deep-sky objects that, in the author's opinion, are the mostinteresting for amateur astronomers. The list represents a search of the literature for objects thatare both interesting to observe and also have photographs widely available.
In compiling this catalog, the first step was to check that an object might be seen throughaverage amateur telescopes. Then I searched for those that might show some features. Manyobjects within range of small telescopes were left out because they are so near the limits thatmost would just look like another fuzzy patch. The present list has many of these (depending on
your telescope size and sky quality), but many others clearly show significant detail and havemuch text devoted to them in books like Burnham's Celestial Handbook."
Codes:"An asterisk (*) means the object is discussed in the book and a drawing and photograph arepresented in Chapter 7. An S indicates the object is a star cluster with star magnitudes given in
Appendix B Of Visual Astronomy of the Deep Sky. Exclamation points indicate the object is anespecially fine-looking one, with four (!!!!) being the most spectacular visually."

6.1.5 Herschel 400
Following is the introduction by Paul Jones.
“For many years, Amateur Astronomers have enjoyed the challenge and excitement provided by
the Messier Club of deep-sky objects. The 110 or so objects in the Messier Catalog introduced
the observer to the importance of careful observing and record keeping. Upon completion of thisproject, however, the amateur was left somewhat in a void. He or she wanted to further the quest
for deep-sky objects, but outside of the vast New General Catalog, there was no organizedprogram that would provide that next vital step upward. With this idea in mind, the formation of
the Herschel Club began.”“It started over four years ago, when several members of the Ancient City Astronomy Club in St.
Augustine, Florida, who had recently completed the Messier Club noticed a letter in Sky &Telescope magazine from James Mullaney of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Mr. Mullaney alerted
amateurs to the William Herschel Catalog of deep-sky objects, and suggested this would be a

12good project to get into after completion of the Messier Lists. He went on to say that Herschel'slistings could be found in the original New General Catalog by Johann Dreyer, available from theRoyal Astronomical Society in England.”“The New General Catalog was a compilation of several deep-sky catalogs circa 1880; it
contained almost 8,000 objects of which 2,477 of these objects were observed by William
Herschel. Ancient City Astronomy Club (A. C. A. C.) members began the difficult process of
separating his objects, which used a rather unique classification system with eight
sub-categories; each individual object was placed into a particular subcategory. These
subcategories are:Class I - Bright Nebulae;
Class II - Faint Nebulae;
Class III - Very Faint Nebulae;
Class IV - Planetary Nebulae;
Class V - Very Large Nebulae;
Class VI - Very Compressed and Rich Clusters of Stars;
Class VII - Compressed Clusters of Small and Large Stars;
Class VIII - Coarsely Scattered Clusters of Stars.
“It was soon discovered that a vast majority of Herschel's objects were in Class II and III, faintand very faint nebulae, with magnitudes fainter than thirteen, beyond the reach of many amateur
telescopes. We of the A.C.A.C. decided that the proposed Herschel Club should consist ofenough objects to present a distinct challenge, yet still be within range of amateurs who
possessed only modest equipment and were affected by moderate light-pollution problems. Afterconsiderable study, we set 400 as the best number of objects to comprise the Herschel Club.
Our main references through this process were the Atlas of the Heavens and Atlas of the
Heavens Catalog by Antonin Becvar. These two volumes are readily available to the amateur
astronomer and contained all the positions, magnitudes and other pertinent data used in thismanual.”6.1.6 Herschel-II“August 1997 saw a new addition to the Astronomical League's roster of certificate observing
programs -- the Herschel II developed by the Rose City Astronomers of Portland, Oregon.
Consisting of 400 of the 2,478 deep sky objects catalogued by William Herschel in the late1700's, the Herschel II is the next level observing project after the Ancient City Astronomers'

13

Herschel 400 program. The Herschel II observing program is an advanced level project focusedon improving observers' technical skills by taking thorough field notes and developing accurate
technical object descriptions.”

6.1.7 The RASC's Finest N.G.C. Objects List
The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (RASC) compiled a list of 110 deep sky objects.
"The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (RASC) has published this list in their yearly
Observer's Handbook which is edited by Roy L. Bishop. The Finest N.G.C. Objects List wascompiled by Alan Dyer; it is arranged sorted by seasons and constellations."

6.1.8 The TAAS 200 Observing List
“The Albuquerque Astronomical Society (TAAS) has created TAAS 200, a list of ‘the best 200
non Messier objects easily visible from central New Mexico’ (objects north of declination -48).
This list was intended for intermediately experienced and equipped observes.”

6.2 Information of Deep Sky Objects
The deep sky object list shows following information. Information in Tables 1 through 5 is takenfrom Reference [5].

z Object Name: See Table 1.
z Type: See Table 2.
z Constellation: See Table 3.
z Position in Equatorial Coordinate (Epoch 2000)z Magnitude (Number only: visual magnitude, Number + p: photographic magnitude)z Apparent Size in arc-minute (m) or arc-second (s)z Position Angle (P.A.) for galaxy major axisz Class: See Table 4.
z NGC Visual Description: See Table 5.
z Chart ID

7. About the Author
I, Toshimi Taki, live in a small city near Nagoya in Japan. I am an Aircraft Structure Engineer byprofession.
I have been an amateur astronomer for over 30 years. I am a member of Oriental Astronomical
Association, which is the oldest amateur astronomy club in Japan. I am interested in telescope

14

making and visual observation of deep sky objects. I wrote three articles in Sky and Telescopeon telescope making.
E-mail Address: zs3t-tk@asahi-net.or.jp
Website: http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~zs3t-tk/

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Stars
CommonStars

Deep Sky Objects
Multiple
Stars

Variable
Stars

Galaxies
Bright Nebulae
Dark Nebulae
Planetary Nebulae
Supernova Remnant
Open Clusters
Globular Clusters
Quasars

Abbreviations
Stars
Greek Letter: Bayer Letter
Number only: Flamsteed Number

Deep Sky Objects
Number only: NGC, New General Catalog of Nebulae & Clusters of Stars
Biur:
Biurakan (open clusters)
Blanco:(open clusters)
Bochum:(open clusters)C:
Caldwell Catalog
Cr:
Collinder (open clusters)
Fein:
Feinstein (open clusters)
Harvard:(open clusters)
Hogg:(open clusters)I.:
IC, 1st and 2nd Index Catalogs to the NGC
Lynga:(open clusters)
M:
Messier Catalog (all types of objects)
Mel:
Melotte (open clusters)
Pismis:(open clusters)PK:
Perek & Kohoutek (planetary nebulae)
Ru:
Ruprecht (open clusters)
Sh:
Sharpless (bright nebulae)
Steph:
Stephenson (open clusters)
Stock:(open clusters)
Tr:
Trumpler (open clusters)

Figure 1.

Symbols16

Table 1 (1/3).

Abbreviations for Object Name

Abell

George Abell (planetary nebulae and galaxy clusters)

ADS

Aitken Double Star catalog

AM

Arp-Madore (globular clusters)

Antalova(open clusters)

Ap

Apriamasvili (planetary nebulae)

Arp

Halton Arp (interacting galaxies)

Bark

Barkhatova (open clusters)

B

Barnard (dark nebulae)

Basel(open clusters)

BD

Bonner Durchmusterung (stars)

Berk

Berkeley (open clusters)

Be

Bernes (dark nebulae)

Biur

Biurakan (open clusters)

Blanco(open clusters)

Bochum(open clusters)

Ced

Cederblad (bright nebulae)

Cr

Collinder (open clusters)

Czernik(open clusters)

DDODavid Dunlap Observatory (dwarf galaxies)

Do

Dolidze (open clusters)

DoDz

Dolidze-Dzimselejsvili (open clusters)

Dun

Dunlop (globular clusters)

Fein

Feinstein (open clusters)

Frolov(open clusters)Gum(bright nebulae)

H

William Herschel (globular clusters)

Haffner(open clusters)

Harvard(open clusters)

He

Henize (planetary nebulae)

Hogg(open clusters)

HP

Haute Provence (globular clusters)

Hu

Humason (planetary nebulae)

17

Table 1 (2/3).
IC

Abbreviations for Object Name

1st and 2nd Index Catalogs to the NGC(All types of objects except dark nebulae)

Isk

Iskudarian (open clusters)

J

Jonckheere (planetary nebulae)

K

Kohoutek (planetary nebulae)King(open clusters)

Kr

Krasnogorskaja (planetary nebulae)

Lac

Lacaille (globular clusters)

Loden(open clusters)

LDN

Lynds (dark nebulae)

Lynga(open clusters)

M

Messier (all types of objects except dark nebula)

MCG

Morphological Catalog of Galaxies

Me

Merrill (plantary nebulae)

Mrk

Markarian (open clusters and galaxies)

Mel

Melotte (open clusters)

M1 thru M4

Minkowski (planetary nebulae)NGC

New General Catalog of Nebulae & Clusters of Stars.
(All types of objects except dark nebulae)

Pal

Palomar (globular clusters)

PC

Peimbert and Costero (planetary nebulae)

Pismis(open clusters)PK

Perek & Kohoutek (planetary nebulae)

RCW

Rodgers, Campbell, & Whiteoak (bright nebulae)

Roslund(open clusters)

Ru

Ruprecht (open clusters)

Sa

Sandqvist (dark nebulae)

Sher(open clusters)

Sh

Sharpless (bright nebulae)

SL

Sandqvist & Lindroos (dark nebulae)

SL

Shapley & Lindsay (clusters in LMC)

Steph

Stephenson (open clusters)

Stock(open clusters)18

Table 1 (3/3).

Abbreviations for Object NameTer

Terzan (globular clusters)

Tombaugh(open clusters)

Ton

Tonantzintla (globular clusters)

Tr

Trumpler (open clusters)

UA

Catalog of selected Non-UGC galaxies

UGC

Uppsala General Catalog (galaxies)

UKS

United Kingdom Schmidt (globular clusters)

Upgren(open clusters)

VV

Vorontsov-Velyaminov (interacting galaxies)

VdB

van den Bergh (open clusters, bright nebulae)

VdBH

van den Bergh & Herbst (bright nebulae)

vdB-Havan den Bergh-Hagen (open clusters)

Vy

Vyssotsky (planetary nebulae)

Waterloo(open clusters)

Westr

Westerlund (open clusters)

Zw

Zwicky (galaxies)

19

Table 2.

Object Type

ASTER

Asterism

BRTNB

Bright Nebula

CL+NB

Cluster with Nebulosity

DRKNB

Dark Nebula

GALCL

Galaxy cluster

GALXY

GalaxyGLOCL

Globular Cluster

GX+DN

Diffuse Nebula in a Galaxy

GX+GC

Globular Cluster in a Galaxy

G+C+N

Cluster with Nebulosity in a Galaxy

LMCCN

Cluster with Nebulosity in the LMC

LMCDN

Diffuse Nebula in the LMC

LMCGC

Globular Cluster in the LMC

LMCOC

Open cluster in the LMC

NONEX

Nonexistent

OPNCLOpen Cluster

PLNNB

Planetary Nebula

SMCCN

Cluster with Nebulosity in the SMC

SMCDN

Diffuse Nebula in the SMC

SMCGC

Globular Cluster in the SMC

SMCOC

Open cluster in the SMC

SNREM

Supernova Remnant

QUASR

Quasar#STAR# Stars (#=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.)

20

Table 3.

Constellation Names and Abbreviations

Andromeda

And

Equuleus

Equ

Pyxis

Pyx

AntliaAnt

Eridanus

Eri

Reticulum

Ret

Apus

Aps

FornaxFor

Sagitta

Sge

Aquarius

Aqr

GeminiGem

Sagittarius

Sgr

Aquila

Aql

Grus

Gru

Scorpius

Sco

Ara

Ara

HerculesHer

Sculptor

Scl

Aries

Ari

Horologium

Hor

ScutumSct

Auriga

Aur

Hydra

Hya

Serpens

Ser

BootesBoo

HydrusHyi

Sextans

Sex

Caelum

Cae

Indus

Ind

TaurusTau

Camelopardalis Cam

Lacerta

Lac

Telescopium

Tel

Cancer

Cnc

Leo

Leo

Triangulum

Tri

Canes Venatici

CVn

Leo Minor

LMi

Triangulum Australe

Canis Major

CMa

Lepus

Lep

TucanaTuc

Canis Minor

CMi

Libra

Lib

Ursa Major

UMa

Capricornus

Cap

Lupus

Lup

Ursa Minor

UMi

Carina

Car

Lynx

Lyn

Vela

Vel

Cassiopeia

Cas

Lyra

Lyr

Virgo

Vir

Centaurus

Cen

Mensa

Men

VolansVol

Cepheus

Cep

Microscopium

Mic

Vulpecula

Vul

Cetus

Cet

MonocerosMon

Chamaeleon

Cha

Musca

Mus

Circinus

Cir

Norma

Nor

ColumbaCol

OctansOct

Coma Berenices Com

Ophiuchus

Oph

Corona Australis CrA

Orion

Ori

Corona Borealis CrB

Pavo

Pav

CorvusCrv

PegasusPeg

Crater

Crt

Perseus

Per

Crux

Cru

Phoenix

Phe

CygnusCyg

PictorPic

Delphinus

Del

PiscesPsc

DoradoDor

Piscis Australis

PsA

Draco

Dra

Puppis

Pup

TrA

21

Table 4.

Class

1. Open Clusters ----Trumpler type for open clusters----(1) Concentration
I.

Detached, strong concentration toward the center

II.

Detached, weak concentration toward the center

III. Detached, no concentration toward the center
IV. Not well detached from surrounding star field(2) Range in brightness
1.

Small range

2.

Moderate range

3.

Large range(3) Richnessp

Poor (<50 stars)mModerately rich (50-100 stars)r

Rich (>100 stars)(3) Nebulosity
An "n" following the Trumpler type denotes nebulosity in cluster

2. Globular Clusters ----Shapley-Sawyer concentration rating for globular clusters--(1) Concentration
The values range from 1 to 12, smaller numbers are more concentrated clusters.

3. Planetary Nebulae ----Vorontsov-Velyaminov type for planetary nebulae----1. Stellar
2. Smooth disk (a, brighter center; b, uniform brightness; c, traces of ring structure)
3. Irregular disk (a, very irregular brightness distribution; b, traces of ring structure)
4. Ring structure
5. Irregular form similar to diffuse nebula
6. Anomalous form, no regular structure
Some very complex forms may combine two types.

4. Galaxies -----Hubble type for galaxies----E

elliptical, E0 is roundest to E7 is flattest
subgroups; 'd'is dwarf, 'c'is supergiant, 'D' has diffuse halo

S

Spiral, 'a' has tightly wound arms, 'b' has moderately woundarms and 'c' has loosely wound arms

SB Spiral with central bar
Ir

Irregular

22

Table 5.

NGC Visual Description!

remarkable object

neb

nebula, nebulosity!!

very remarkable objectnfnorth following

11m

11th magnitudenp

north preceding

8…

8th mag and fainterppretty (before F,B,L,S)

9...13

9th to 13th magnitudeppreceding

am

among

P

poor

att

attachedPw

paired withB

bright

R

round

b

brighterr

not well resolved

bet

between

Ri

rich

C

compressedrrpartially resolvedcconsiderably

rrrwell resolvedClcluster

S

small

D

doublessuddenlydef

defined

s

south

deg

degreesscscattereddiamdiametersf

south following

difdiffusesp

south precedingE

elongatedststar or stellareextremelysusp

suspected

ereasily resolved

v

very

F

faint

var

variableffollowingg

graduallyiF

irregular figure

inv

involved

irr

irregular

L

large

l

littleM

middle

m

much

mag

magnitude

n

north

N

nucleus