SC/F14/J17

Distribution pattern of whale species sighted in the Antarctic
based on JARPA and JARPAII sighting surveys (1987/88 to
2008/09)
KOJI MATSUOKA AND TAKASHI HAKAMADA
Institute of Cetacean Research, 4-5 Toyomi, Chuo, Tokyo 104-0055, Japan
Contact e-mail:matsuoka@cetacean.jp
ABSTRACTThis paper analyzed the distribution pattern of the Density Index of Whales (DIW: individuals / 100 n.miles) for blue, fin, sei,
Antarctic minke, humpback, southern right, sperm, southern bottlenose, unidentified beaked (Ziphiidae) and killer whales in the
Antarctic based on JARPA (1987/88-2004/05) and JARPA II (2005/06-2008/09) sighting data. A total of 353,134 n.miles was
surveyed in Areas IIIE, IV, V and VIW, south of 60oS.
All Areas (IIIE, IV, V and VIW; south of 60S, 35E-145W)

Order ofSpecies
Sch.

Ind.

Calf

Mss

DIS

DIW

DIW

Blue whale

286

495

11

1.73

0.081

0.140

8

Fin whale

1,268

5,209

20

4.11

0.359

1.475

5

Sei whale

36

59

0

1.64

0.010

0.017

10

Antarctic minek whale

25,507

69,076

1

2.71

7.223

19.561

1

Humpback whale

10,036

18,770

137

1.87

2.842

5.315

3

Southern right whale

235

298

6

1.27

0.067

0.084

9

Sperm whale

3,810

3,926

0

1.03

1.079

1.112

6

Southern bottlenosed whale

1,666

3,045

3

1.83

0.472

0.862

7

Unid beaked whales

3,175

5,457

3

1.72

0.899

1.545

4

Killer whale

1,472

20,569

59

13.97

0.417

5.825

2

Among the 10 species, Antarctic minke whales were most frequently sighted, followed by killer, humpback, unidentified beaked, fin,sperm, southern bottlenose, blue, southern right and sei whales in the DIW order. Maps of the DIW on a 1 ﾟ X 1 ﾟ square are also
provided, using all primary efforts and sightings data. These maps are more detailed compared to those of the JSV worldwide map
which used a 5 ﾟ X 5 ﾟ square for each species. These large amounts of data collected by JARPA and JARPAII including the current
maps will contribute to investigating habitat utilization of each species and provide more useful information for whale managementin the Antarctic and Antarctic marine ecosystem.

KEYWORDS: ANTARCTIC, SURVEY VESSEL, DISTRIBUTION, BLUE WHALE, FIN WHALE, SEI WHALE,HUMPBACK WHALE, SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALE, SPERM WHALE, SOUTHERN BOTTLENOSE WHALE,
BEAKED WHALES, KILLER WHALE,
INTRODUCTION
One of the main sources of sighting data for assessing the population status of whale species in the Antarctic is the
JARPA (Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic), which was conducted between
1987/88 and 2004/05, and its second phase JARPAII.
As for whale distribution analyses, the sighting data collected during JARPA have been used for blue whales (Branch etal., 2004) and other large whale species (Kishino et al., 1991; Kasamatsu et al., 2000; Matsuoka et al., 2003b, 2011,
Murase et al., 2002, 2014). The main objective of this paper is to study the geographical distribution pattern for themain whale species sighted in Antarctic Areas IIIE, IV, V and VIW by JARPA and JARPAII sighting surveys. One of1

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the features of JARPA and JARPAII is that, unlike the IDCR (International Decade for Cetacean Research)-SOWER(Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research) programmes (Matsuoka et al., 2003a, Murase et al., 2005), surveys
have been repeated in the same area and in the same months every second season over a long period. Current
distribution maps are more detailed by each Area compared to those of the IDCR/SOWER maps which had covered thearea only three times for each set of circumpolar data on whales. Therefore the JARPAII surveys facilitate the extent ofdetailed local distribution of whales.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sighting data used in this analysis
In this paper, we used all JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09) systematic sighting survey data (effort and primarysightings) collected by sighting and sampling vessels (SSV) and dedicated sighting vessels (SV). An outline of thesighting survey is as follows:
Sighting procedure
The sighting procedure of JARPA II (2005/06-2008/09) was not largely changed during the JARPA surveys with someminor changes to the sighting procedure, which were reviewed by Nishiwaki et al. (2014). The research vessels were
equipped with barrels, where three top men conducted sighting observation. On the upper bridge, a captain, a gunner, ahelmsman and a researcher also conducted the sighting. The sighting activity continued if weather permitted during thedaytime from 30 minutes after sunrise to 30 minutes before sunset.
Survey modes
Searching was conducted under closing and passing modes. (Hakamada et al., 2006, 2014a). These modes were undernormal weather conditions defined as having minke visibility of 2 n.miles or more and wind speed under 20 knots in thenorthern strata (under 25 knot in the southern strata) (Nshiwaki et al. 2014).
Confirmation of the sightings
When a school of a cetacean species appearing to be minke whales or another large cetacean was sighted in the researcharea, the ship closed on the school immediately in order to identify the species, estimate the school size and get otherbiological information (number of calves, estimated body length etc.). To improve the estimation of the distance to theschool and the angle from the bow, training was conducted in the early portion of each cruise by each vessel. Distancewas estimated by referring to the scale of the binoculars, and angle was also estimated referring to the angle board.
Surface temperatures were recorded in each whale sighting.
Density Index of whales
The Density Index of Whales (DIW) was calculated by each Lat.1°× Long.1°grid squares using the primary searchingeffort (n.miles) and the number of whales sighted in each square by each species.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Primary searching efforts
A total of 353,134 n.miles was surveyed in south of 60oS in Areas IIIE, IV, V and VIW between 1989/90 and 2008/09
seasons. Figures 1a and 1b show the research area and distribution of the primary searching effort (n,miles),respectively. The research area was covered completely during the surveys.
Distribution pattern of whales
Tables 1a and 1b show the summary of the primary sightings in the JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09) for baleen
whales and toothed whales, respectively. Table 2 shows the summary of the number of calves, observed mean school
size and Density Index of Whales (DIW: number of the primary sightings of individuals / 100 n.miles) in the research

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area. Figures 2a to 2d show the maps of the DIW of blue, fin, sei, Antarctic minke, dwarf minke, humpback, southern
right, sperm, southern bottlenose, unidentified beaked (Ziphiidae) and killer whales by each Lat.1°× Long.1°grid
squares. Figure 3 shows the monthly change in the density index of these species, except for a small number of sighting
species of sei, dwarf minke and unidentified beaked whales.
Blue whale
Blue whale was ranked 8th in the DIW among the 10 species sighted in the research area (Table 2). They were widelydistributed in the research area not only in the northern stratum but also the southern stratum. High density values ofthis species were observed in Areas IIIE (between 45oE and 65oE) (Figure 2a). They were rarely found within the Prydz
Bay. They were sighted within the Ross Sea between 70°S and 77°S. A total of 286 schools (495 individuals) weresighted with 11 calves south of 60°S (Table 2). Observed mean school size was 1.73 (individuals). The DIW of thisspecies was 0.140 during the whole season and were almost stable from December to March (Table 2 and Figure 3).
Two subspecies of blue whales exist in the Southern Hemisphere: the Antarctic (or true) blue whale (Balaenoptera
musculus intermedia) and the pygmy blue whale (B. m. brevicauda) (Machintosh, 1966, Ichihara, 1966, Rice, 1998). A
complete review of spatial and seasonal distribution, densities and movements of blue whales is provided by Branch etal. (2007a, 2007b). This study indicated that there is little evidence that pygmy blue whales migrate into high latitudesof the Antarctic. Less than 1% of the records south of 52oS were of this subspecies. There is no current evidence of a
population structure in Antarctic blue whales. The latest abundance of this species (south of 60°S, 35°E-145°W) was
1,223 whales (CV=0.345) in 2007/08 + 2008/09 seasons and the abundance trend was 8.2 % (95%CI: 3.9%, 12.5%)
between 1995/96 and 2008/09 for combined Areas IIIE+ IV+V+VIW based on JARPAII data (Matsuoka and Hakamada,2014). There is a need for the continued monitoring of the abundance and abundance trends of this species, especiallybecause they provide an excellent opportunity to improve our understanding of the dynamics of baleen whale
populations recovering from low levels.
Fin whale
Fin whale was ranked 5th in the DIW among the 10 species sighted in the research area. A total of 1,268 schools (5,209
individuals) were sighted with 20 calves (Table 2). Observed mean school size was 4.11 (individuals). Distribution ofthis species was more frequently encountered in Areas V and VIW than Areas IIIE and IV in both northern andsouthern strata. High density areas were observed in Areas IIIE (between 55oE and 65oE), VW (between 140oE and
160oE) and VE (between 163oE and 170oW) (Figure 2a). The DIW of this species was 1.475 during the whole season
and was increasing from December to March (Figure 3).
In the summer feeding grounds in the Antarctic, fin whales can be found year-round, but a higher density is found from
November to May (Kasamatsu et al., 1996; Mackintosh, 1966). Whales can be found as far south as 65-70°S, but the
majority of the population seems to be north of 60°S (Miyashita et al., 1995). Catches occurred throughout theAntarctic, but the majority of whales (~73%) were taken in the IWC Management Areas II and III. Sighting datasuggests that spatial distribution varies across ocean basins (Kasamatsu et al., 1996).

Sei whale
Sei whales were the most rare species sighted in the research area. A total of 36 schools (59 individuals) were sighted
with no calves south of 60°S in the Antarctic (Table 2). Observed mean school size was 1.64 (individuals). Distributionof this species was limited more in Areas V and VIW than Areas IIIE and IV in both northern stratums (Figure 2a). The
DIW of this species was 0.017 during the whole season.
In the summer, sei whales do not venture into higher latitude waters near the Antarctic continent as much as some otherbaleen whales (Horwood, 1987; Miyashita et al., 1995). The majority of the population can be found between 40 S and60°S, usually north of the Antarctic Convergence. Juveniles are found further north than mature individuals. Occurrenceo3SC/F14/J17
in low latitude wintering grounds has been recorded from March to December, but abundance peaks from June/July toAugust/September (Horwood, 1987). In late spring and summer, abundance peaks in November between 30°S and 50°S.
As the season progresses, relatively more whales are observed south of 40°S and abundance between 50°S and 60°S
increases consistently until March (Horwood, 1987). Present results of this paper support these studies.

Antarctic minke whale
This species was most frequently sighted throughout the surveys. A total of 25,507 schools (69,076 individuals) weresighted with no calves south of 60°S in the Antarctic (Table 2). Observed mean school size was 2.71 (individuals). Highdensity areas were observed around the entire ice-edge, especially the Ross Sea and Prydz Bay (Figure 2b). The DIW ofthis species was higher than other species (19.561) during the whole season and was increasing from December to
February and decreasing to March (Figure 3).
In the austral summer, the majority of Antarctic minke whales congregate in the Southern Ocean, with greatest densities
close to and within the pack ice, and lower densities with increasing distance from the ice (Kasamatsu et al. 2000,
Hakamada 2014a), including some north of 60°S. Antarctic minke whales are noticeably well adapted to living within
the ice (Ainley et al., 2007), but the exact proportion of Antarctic minke whales found within the pack ice, and inpolynyas, is currently a source of great debate. It is possible that a large proportion of the population is found within thepack ice, out of reach of ship-based sighting surveys (Murase et al., 2005, 2014; Shimada and Kato, 2007).

Dwarf minke whale
The distribution area of this species was limited in the research area. There are two separated areas between 120°E and147°E, and between 165°E and 170°W, respectively in the northern stratum (mainly between 60°S and 63°S), where thesouth of Australia and New Zealand (Figure 2b). The dwarf minke whale has a white band on the flipper that
distinguishes it from the Antarctic minke whale, but was only fairly recently identified as separate from Antarctic minke
whales (Best, 1985). Based on available information, only a small percentage of minke whales in the Antarctic (south of60°S) are dwarf minke whales. For example, in the IDCR/SOWER surveys from 1993/94–1997/98, only 0.2% of theidentified sightings were dwarf minke whales (2 out of 906). No formal analysis has been conducted but it is probablethat less than 1% of the minke whales south of 60°S are dwarf minke whales (Branch & Butterworth, 2001).
Humpback whale
Humpback whale was ranked 3rd among the 10 species sighted in the research area. A total of 10,036 schools (18,770
individuals) were sighted with 137 calves (Table 2). Observed mean school size was 1.87 (individuals). They were
widely distributed in the research area in both northern and southern stratum. They were rarely found within the Prydz
Bay and the Ross Sea and there were no sightings south of 73°S. High density values of this species were observed
between 85oE and 110oE (Figure 2b). The DIW of this species was 5.315 during the whole season and was increasingfrom December to February and decreasing to March (Figure 3).
Sightings data from both the IDCR/SOWER circumpolar cruises suggested that whales were encountered more
frequently at 20-40°E, 80°E-100°E and 150°E-180°E (Branch, 2011). A current map of this species suggested that
humpback whales are encountered more frequently at 80°E-100°E than 20-40°E and 50°E-180°E because of its highproductivity area (see Discussions). In that area between 80°E and 100°E, large scale distribution changes wereobserved (Matsuoka et al., 2011, Murase et al., 2014, Hakamada et al. 2014b). It was considered that oceanographic
conditions have changed this area as an effect of the Regime Shift in the Global Sea-Surface temperatures in relation to
El Nino-Southern Oscillation Events (Watanabe et al., 2014, Naganobu et al., 2014). It will be further investigated in
the future.
Southern right whale

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A total of 235 schools (298 individuals) were sighted with 6 calves (Table 2). The distribution area of this species waslimited in the research area between 80°E and 135°E south of Western Australia (Figure 2c). The DIW of this species
was 0.084 during the whole season and was increasing from December to March (Figure 3). After breeding in winter in
relatively warm waters, near continental or island coastlines, southern right whales migrate in summer to feed in colder
waters, but generally not as far south as other baleen whales. They appear to occur near the subtropical convergence insummer (January to March) at around 40°-50°S (Ohsumi & Kasamatsu, 1985), but there are records of animals muchfurther south (e.g. around 60°S-65°S south of Australia (Bannister et al., 1999, 2008). The present map of this species
supported these studies. The population estimate for the coastal area of Western Australia was 2,400 in 2006 (Bannister,2008). A current estimate in Area IV south of 60oS is 1,557 individuals (95% CI, 871-2,783) in the 2007/08 season
based on JARPAII data. The abundance trend was not significant for this species because they were mainly distributedin the area north of 60oS.
Sperm whale
Sperm whale was ranked 6th among the 10 species sighted in the research area. A total of 3,810 schools (3,926
individuals) were sighted without any calves (Table 2). Solitary schools (large male) were 96.5%, and the observed
mean school size was 1.03. They were widely distributed in the research area. High density values of sperm whales
were observed in Area IV (between 70oE and 100oE) and Area V (between 170oE and 170oW, in mouth of the Ross Sea(Figure 2c). They tended to be concentrated on the Antarctic continental slope, the southern Kerguelen Plateau, andaround the mouth of the Ross Sea, where the most frequent depth was between 1,000m and 4,000m. They were rarely
found within the Prydz Bay and the Ross Sea (Figure 2c). There were no sightings south of 74°S in the Ross Sea. The
DIW of this species was 1.112 during the whole season and was decreasing from December to March (Figure 3).
Southern bottlenose whales
Southern bottlenose whale was ranked 7th among the 10 species sighted in the research area. A total of 1,666 schools(3,045 individuals) were sighted with 3 calves (Table 1). They were widely distributed in the research area and wererarely sighted within the Prydz Bay and the Ross Sea. High density values of this whale were observed between 85oE
and 130oE (Figure 2c). Observed mean school size was 1.83 individuals. The DIW of this species was 0.862 during thewhole season and was decreasing from December to March (Figure 3).
Unidentified beaked whales
Unidentified beaked whales was ranked 4th among the 10 species sighted in the research area. A total of 3,175 schools(5,457 individuals) were sighted with 3 calves (Table 1). These sightings were recorded as unidentified species but
confirmed as beaked whales. These “unidentified beaked whales” included possibly southern bottlenose whales(Hyperoodon planifrons), Arnoux’s beaked whales (Berardius arnuxii), strap-toothed whales (Mesoplodon layardii) and
Grey’s beaked whales (M. grayi). The distribution pattern of unidentified beaked whales was consistent with that ofsouthern bottlenose whales (Figure 2d). If they were identified on the species level, they recorded their species codes.
But these records were not used in this paper because the number of records was very small.
Killer whale
Killer whale was ranked 2nd among the 10 species sighted in the research area. A total of 1,472 schools (20,569
individuals) were sighted with 59 calves (Table 2). Observed mean school size was 13.97 individuals. The DIW of thisspecies was 5.825 during the whole season (Table 2). They were widely distributed in the research area and sighted
more in the southern stratum than the northern stratum. High density areas were observed within the Prydz Bay and theRoss Sea (Figure 2d).
High productivity in the meander of the southern boundary of ACC
From the viewpoint of large scale whale distributions, Area IV was more highly concentrated between 80o E and 110o E(south of 60o S) than in other parts of the research area. This area was characterized by a large meander (rise to 61o S

5SC/F14/J17
and slow-moving down to 63o S) of the southern boundary of the ACC which seemed to be formed by a large scale
up-welling with nutritious bottom waters resulting from the bottom shape of the southern Kerguelen Plateau (Watanabe
et al., 2006, 2014, Naganobu et al., 2014). The BROKE, Australian Antarctic survey, indicated the possibility of theoccurrence of a large-scale upwelling between 80oE and 100o E (Bindoff et. al, 2000). In the JARPA 1999/2000 cruise,a high density of Euphausiids was reported between 100 oE and 120o E (Murase et al., 2002). Humpback, southern right,
large male sperm and southern bottlenose whales used this longitudinal section between 80o E and 100o E as their key
feeding area from December to March. It is further necessary to investigate the relationship between oceanographic
conditions and whale distribution shifts such as the effect of the Regime Shift on the Global Sea-Surface temperaturesin relation to El Nino-Southern Oscillation Events (Matsuoka et al., 2003b, Watanabe et al. 2014, Naganobu et al., 2006,
2014). It will be further investigated in the future.
Large data set for Antarctic ecosystem studies
In this paper, low and middle latitude survey data and other species data including Arnoux’s beaked whale, long-finned
pilot whale, hourglass dolphin and spectacled porpoise was not used. These large sets of data from JARPA and JARPAII
surveys including the results of this paper will contribute to investigating habitat utilization and contribute to baleen
whale management in the Antarctic Ocean and further investigation of Antarctic marine ecosystems. JARPAII continues
to provide more useful information regarding the recovery management of whale stocks including blue whales. It isregrettable that the recent two sighting surveys had to be cancelled due to unscrupulous, obstructive actions by ananti-whaling group.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank all the researchers, captains, officers and crew members participating in the JARPA and
JARPAII surveys in the Antarctic. Our gratitude also goes to Luis A. Pastene for his help in the preparation of this paper.
We also would like to thank Seiji Ohsumi, Hiroshi Hatanaka, Yoshihiro Fujise, Tomio Miyashita, Hidehiro Kato,
Shigetoshi Nishiwaki and Tatsuya Isoda for their useful comments on this paper and also Satoshi Suzuki for his help
drawing some figures.
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Shimada, H., and Kato, A. 2007. Population assessment of the Antarctic minke whale within and out ice field using a sighting data by the Ice Breaker
and the IWC SOWER vessels in 2004/2005. IWC Paper, SC/59/IA16, 8pp.
Watanabe, T., Yabuki, T., Suga, T., Hanawa, K., Matsuoka, K. and Kiwada, H. 2006. Results of oceanographic analyses conducted under JARPA andpossible evidence of environmental changes. Paper SC/D06/J15.
Watanabe, T., Yabuki, T., Suga, T., Hanawa, K., Matsuoka, K. and Kiwada, H, 2014. Results of oceanographic analyses conducted under JARPA and
JARPAII and possible evidence of environmental changes. Paper SC/F14/J21. (this meeting).

7

SC/F14/J17

Table 1a. Summary of baleen whales mainly sighted in Areas IIIE, IV, V and IV (south of 60S, 35E-145W) during the
JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09).
No.

SeasonEffort(n.miles)Ant. minke whale

Humpback whalesch.

Blue whale
ind.

calf

sch.

Fin whale
ind.

calf

sch.

Sei whale
ind.

calf

sch.

ind.

calf

sch.

ind.

calf sch. ind.

S. right whale1

1987/888,860.6

0

0

0

3

3

0

1

1

0

237

719

0

35

76

0

1

1

0

2

1988/89

10,806.7

2

3

0

7

16

0

0

0

0

353

768

0

1

2

0

0

0

0

3

1989/90

16,423.2

5

9

0

5

20

0

0

0

0

758

1,968

0

121

210

11

2

2

0

4

1990/91

14,660.0

4

6

0

33

67

0

0

0

0

740

1,713

0

58

90

0

0

0

0

5

1991/92

17,844.1

3

3

0

8

34

0

2

2

0

597

2,030

0

177

321

7

26

30

0

6

1992/93

13,924.9

7

9

0

15

27

1

2

4

0

1,024

3,228

0

28

56

5

3

4

0

7

1993/94

17,957.3

5

9

0

9

26

0

0

0

0

688

1,619

0

133

220

1

11

14

0

8

1994/95

14,047.7

13

20

1

73

241

1

2

5

0

823

2,453

0

131

228

9

0

0

0

calf

9

1995/96

21,466.7

9

16

0

60

214

1

0

0

0

887

2,008

0

325

562

10

8

8

0

10

1996/97

17,783.2

7

9

0

37

82

1

1

1

0

853

2,610

0

114

200

3

0

0

0

11

1997/98

21,594.4

16

25

0

18

57

0

0

0

0

672

1,373

0

577

1,122

2

34

37

0

12

1998/99

8,066.5

4

7

1

45

222

1

0

0

0

826

2,665

0

106

203

7

0

0

0

13

1999/2000

16,341.5

25

53

2

66

356

3

0

0

0

1,507

6,581

0

661

1,269

5

3

3

0

14

2000/01

20,421.3

10

18

0

114

374

0

7

13

0

1,907

4,949

0

191

341

3

2

2

0

15

2001/02

19,767.4

17

26

1

143

983

2

1

2

0

1,867

4,374

0

1219

2,387

5

15

22

1

16

2002/03

18,126.2

5

10

0

52

216

0

8

14

0

2,420

6,531

0

145

228

4

0

0

0

17

2003/04

19,287.4

32

61

0

109

446

0

0

0

0

1,092

3,250

0

1690

3,134

5

1

2

1

18

2004/05

18,486.7

12

16

0

49

118

1

1

1

0

1,663

4,278

0

197

336

2

2

2

0

19

2005/06

16,372.7

24

38

2

188

748

1

2

3

0

1,657

4,375

0

1702

3,200

22

53

73

4

20

2006/07

11,968.8

7

12

1

37

253

0

0

0

0

969

2,169

0

160

283

13

0

0

0

21

2007/08

14,575.3

43

84

1

48

134

4

2

2

0

823

1,702

0

1314

2,536

7

72

96

0

22

2008/09

14,351.4

14

28

1

109

440

2

5

7

0

1,870

4,668

0

339

587

8

0

0

0

-

Total

353,134

264

462

10

1,228

5,077

18

34

55

0

24,233

66,031

0

9,424

17,591

129

233

296

6

8

SC/F14/J17
Table. 1b. Summary of toothed whales mainly sighted in Areas IIIE, IV, V and IV (south of 60oS, 35oE-145oW) during
the JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09).
Sperm whale

Effort(n.miles)S. bottlenose whale

Unid. beaked whales

Killer whale

No.

Season1

1987/888,860.6

6

6

0

3

5

0

87

218

0

20

194

0

2

1988/89

10,806.7

81

91

0

2

4

0

65

143

0

31

189

0

3

1989/90

16,423.2

204

215

0

23

46

0

281

514

0

69

859

0

4

1990/91

14,660.0

175

188

0

13

26

0

241

421

1

32

870

2

5

1991/92

17,844.1

225

233

0

29

51

0

181

304

1

53

805

0

6

1992/93

13,924.9

105

108

0

10

19

0

202

361

0

82

1,130

0

7

1993/94

17,957.3

321

336

0

145

243

0

205

337

0

56

399

1

8

1994/95

14,047.7

133

135

0

74

146

1

168

263

0

35

281

1

sch.

ind.

calf

sch.

ind.

calf

sch.

ind.

calf

sch.

ind.

calf

9

1995/96

21,466.7

341

352

0

137

273

1

161

284

0

109

1,282

1

10

1996/97

17,783.2

121

128

0

75

128

0

78

144

1

50

539

4

11

1997/98

21,594.4

295

302

0

222

409

0

197

338

0

82

931

9

12

1998/99

8,066.5

49

50

0

23

53

0

35

54

0

35

409

5

13

1999/2000

16,341.5

195

204

0

138

251

0

110

188

0

109

2,011

7

14

2000/01

20,421.3

100

106

0

72

121

0

173

272

0

72

1,471

2

15

2001/02

19,767.4

269

272

0

126

226

0

134

205

0

79

939

0

16

2002/03

18,126.2

128

129

0

97

168

0

113

154

0

63

953

0

17

2003/04

19,287.4

222

223

0

154

274

0

208

338

0

120

1,348

0

18

2004/05

18,486.7

105

108

0

44

78

0

89

159

0

78

1,472

3

19

2005/06

16,372.7

181

182

0

88

179

0

135

244

0

100

1,563

3

20

2006/07

11,968.8

63

63

0

51

80

0

66

88

0

44

394

0

21

2007/08

14,575.3

280

280

0

79

157

1

102

155

0

62

790

0

22

2008/09

14,351.4

75

76

0

32

61

0

77

140

0

38

788

14

-

Total

353,134.0

3,674

3,787

0

1,637

2,998

3

3,108

5,324

3

1,419

19,61752

Table. 2. Summary of the main species sightings during the JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09). Sch.: Number ofthe primary sightings of schools. Ind.: Number of the primary sightings of individuals. Calf: Number ofcalves including Individuals. Mss: mean school size (Ind. / Sch.). DIS: Density Index (schools / 100 n.miles).
DIW: Density Index (individuals / 100 n.miles).
All Areas (IIIE, IV, V and VIW; south of 60S, 35E-145W)
Species
Sch.

Ind.

Calf

Mss

DIS

DIW*

Order of

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

DIW*

DIW

DIW

DIW

DIW

Blue whale

286

495

11

1.73

0.081

0.140

8

0.281

0.092

0.101

0.102

Fin whale

1,268

5,209

20

4.11

0.359

1.475

5

1.323

0.794

1.760

3.059

Sei whale

36

59

0

1.64

0.010

0.017

10

0.002

0.004

0.020

0.044

Antarctic minek whale

25,507

69,076

0

2.71

7.223

19.561

1

10.17314.30133.33119.436

Humpback whale

10,036

18,770

137

1.87

2.842

5.315

3

3.425

4.842

7.337

6.708
0.292

Southern right whale

235

298

6

1.27

0.067

0.084

9

0.001

0.014

0.156

Sperm whale

3,810

3,926

0

1.03

1.079

1.112

6

1.500

1.272

0.992

0.292

Southern bottlenosed whale

1,666

3,045

3

1.83

0.472

0.862

7

0.932

0.974

0.787

0.570

Unid beaked whale

3,175

5,457

3

1.72

0.899

1.545

4

1.864

1.594

1.123

1.209

Killer whale

1,472

20,569

59

13.97

0.417

5.825

2

1.935

5.692

9.303

6.624

9

SC/F14/J17

Figure 1a. The IWC Antarctic Areas for the management of baleen whales (except Bryde’s whale) and research area of
the JARPA and JARPAII surveys between 35oE and 145oW (colored). Area III east (IIIE: 35 oE-70oE), Area
IV(70oE-130oE), Area V (130oE-170oW) and Area VI west (VIW: 170oW -145oW).

Figure 1b. Map of the searching efforts (red line) in the JARPA1987/88-2004/05 and JARPAII 2005/06-2008/09
seasons, including middle latitude transit sighting survey.

10SC/F14/J17

Figure 2a. Distribution of the Density Index (number of primary sightings of individuals / 100 n.miles) of blue (top), fin(middle) and sei (bottom) whales during JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09) by Lat.1°× Long.1°square.

11SC/F14/J17

Figure 2b. Distribution of the Density Index (number of primary sightings of individuals / 100 n.miles) of A. minke(top), dwarf minke (middle) and humpback (bottom) whales during JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09) by
Lat.1°× Long.1°square.

12SC/F14/J17

Figure 2c. Distribution of the Density Index (number of primary sightings of individuals / 100 n.miles) of southern right(top), sperm (middle) and southern bottlenose (bottom) whales during JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09) by
Lat.1°× Long.1°square.

13

SC/F14/J17

Figure 2d. Distribution of the Density Index (number of primary sightings of individuals / 100 n.miles) of unidentified
beaked whales (top) and killer whales (bottom) during JARPA and JARPAII (1987/88-2008/09) by Lat.1°×
Long.1°square.

14

SC/F14/J17

Figure 3. Monthly change of the density index (DIW: individuals / 100 n.miles) for baleen whales (top) and toothed
whales (bottom) in the whole research area (Areas IIIE+IV+V+VIW) during JARPA and JARPAII(1987/88-2008/09).

15