Appeal for the abolition of nuclear weapons
for the realization of a peaceful world from Hiroshima, based on scientific perspectives
SGHN106

Hiroshima Prefectural Hiroshima Junior High school ・ Hiroshima Senior High School

1.Introduction

Table.2

4.ResearchsortFollowing the news of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, tensions are rising that nuclear weapons will
actually be used. From my great-grandfather’s experience of the atomic bomb attack,I refuse using
a nuclear weapon because the radiation of nuclear weapons trrigers person not only short term butalso,long term damages. Also, it is demonstrated that radiation has a worse influence on future
generations. So, it is a very dangerous weapon for us humans.However,when I was working as ahigh school student peace messenger,I realized that there is an apparent lack of a scientificperspective in the discussion of nuclear abolition.Then,as a peace messenger in Hiroshima,I wanted
to carry out peace activities which might bring persuasiveness for the abolition of nuclear weapons
by exploring the effect of radiation on the human body from a scientific point of view.

Kind of radiation
Table.2 Kind of radiation[1]materials

ionizationtransmitting
power(Ⅱ)The influence of radiation on the human body
atomic uncles of
α raysstrongstrong① What is radiation?
HeliumUnsettled atom such as Uranium(U)Radium(Ra)β rayselectronmediummediumand so on will spontaneously change into stable atom,
short
taking out radiation.
γ rayselectromagnetic ofweak
strongwavelength
There are some sorts of radiation such as α rays,
neutronβ rays, γ rays, neutron rays, X rays(Table.2).
a neutron
weakstrongrays② Influence which radiation gives cells and DNA
When the human body is exposed to radiation generated outside the body, it is called externalexposure, and when it is exposed to radiation generated inside the body, it is called internal exposure.
Because the γ rays contained in nuclear weapons have high transmission power, organs in the bodysuffer radiation hazards even in the case of external exposure [1][2].
(Ⅰ)To abolish of nuclear weapons,I,as a high school student peace messenger in Hiroshima ,will tell The ionization of radiation damages DNA in cells, but cells have the ability to repair DNA. When amany people about the importance of abolishing of nuclear weapons.
certain amount of cells that fail to repair DNA die in a short period of time, tissues with active cell(Ⅱ)Investigating the effects of radiation on the human body from the scientific point of view.
division, such as the skin, are damaged (Fig. 9). When cells repair DNA, incorrect repair can occur (Fig.
10), resulting in mutations in the genetic code of the DNA. Mutations can cause cancer or leukemia
years to decades later. Actually, the increase of the probability of cancer and leukemia has actually
been reported(Fig.11. 12). This type of effect is called stochastic effect. Studies of A-bomb survivors(Ⅰ) My efforts as a high school student peace messenger to abolish nuclear weapons
have shown that the increase in radiation dose and cancer risk is roughly proportional at doses higher① Who is a high school student peace messenger?
than 100 mGy, and that the cancer risk increases at a rate of about 0.47 per Gy, assuming that theIn the late 1990s,citizens who had concerns about carrying out nuclear tests all over the world sent two high school probability of the cancer without exposure to radiation to be 1 [3].

2.Purposes

3.Projectsstudents to the United Nations Headquarters in New York to appeal to nuclear weapons abolition.This was the beginning of thehigh school student peace messenger and ,twenty-five years have passed.From the third generation,change the destination tothe United Nations European Headquarters(Switzerland:Geneve)where the disarmament conference has been held and thehigh school student peace messenger visit there every year.Now, there are thirty-one high school active members in the wholecountry are activating.

https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/archive/prev/news_data/h/h1/news6/2013/130404_1

Fig.10 Compare to chromosome rupture
Fig.11 Amount of radiation and ration of probablity

333,907people(As of August5,2022)

https://www.kangenkon.org/houshasen/health01.html

Fig.9 Body effect of radiation

Fig.12 Final effect and probability effecthttps://www.env.go.jp/chemi/rhm/kisoshiryo/pdf_h30/2018tk1s03.pdf

https://www.google.co.jp/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fleeobasan.sakura.ne.jp%2Fkenmei2%2Fpointkenmei2.htm&psig=AOvVaw3hB7fSYSCp2n9GhJkrobrX&ust=1666140731897000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahU
KEwihqISFyOj6AhUJdZQKHfFaAcUQr4kDegUIARDQAQ

Fig. 1 Deaths number by atomic bombs
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

https://uub.jp/map/
https://hiroshimaforpeace.com/thesituationinthewo rldofnuclearwepons202203/

Fig.2 World map showing the number of nuclear
weapons in possession(2022)② Activity content
・Signature-collecting campaign
In Hiroshima peace memorial park, we collect signatures
for the abolitions of nuclear weapons and realization of apeaceful world.We take collected signatures to the United
Nations Headquarter.

Table.1 Major peace activities in 2022
ContentsDayPlace

Fig

・Memorial monument tour guide
I made tours at the memorial monumentwith visitors who came to the Hiroshima peace
memorial park.Then,I introduced about
monument’s background.
・Torch of peaceFirst, we heared about the experience of theatomic bomb attack.Second,we walked withtorch of peace in Hiroshima peace memorialpark.We listened to the word from an atomic
bomb victim who said “I want you to do yourbest without giving up by the day no nuclear
weapons in the world and the fire in the peacepark vanished”.
・Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
We joined peace ceremony in Hiroshima andNagasaki.We also offered flowers and did
declaration of our determination as a highsch ool stu den t peace mess enger andrepresentatives in Hiroshima.Later, we took afield trip to the remains that conservationed atthat time’s condition,and we learned thedamage.
・Tell my activity
For school trip students who visit
Hiroshima and my school students、I told myactivity of peace messsenger.I could sharemy thoughts on activities and peace to young
people of the same generation inside andoutside the prefectures.

Fig.3 High school students peace
messenger（25th）

Memorial
Signature monumen Torch ofactivity
t tourpeace
guide
Sunday on Visitored
7/31
a monthday

Study in
HIroshima tell a myandactivity
Nagasaki
8/4〜8/11 10/11･12

HIroshima HIroshima HIroshima Ininstitution
Peace
Peace
Peace
Hiroshimaandmemorial memorial memorial andschools
ParkParkParkNagasaki
45678Fig.5 Memorial monument tour guidep③ Epidemic caused by radiation
Fig.13 Epidemic by radiation
The number of people suffering from breast cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, andother cancers begins to increase around 10 years after exposure to radiation. Statistics show that thenumber of cases of cancer is higher than that of people who are not exposed to radiation, and this is
only true for those exposed to 200 millisieverts or more. Normally, 30% of people between the agesof 30 and 70 develop cancer. If one is exposed to 200 millisieverts at the age of 30, the percentage
rises to 33%. In the case of 100 millisieverts, the calculated risk is 31.5%.
The risk increases with decreasing age of exposure, and the risk is slightly greater for women than formen [4]. Please, review Fig. 13.
・ Leukemia
The incidence of leukemia began to increase within two years of exposure, with children having
several times the incidence for the same age group. The increase in incidence is significant [4].
・ Atomic bomb microcephaly
This is caused by exposure of the fetus to a large dose of radiation in the early stages of pregnancy.
The degree of the disorder varies from person to person [5].
④ Application of radiation to medicine
・ X ray pphotography
Making use of ability of radiation to transmit through materials,we can see inside of the body,which
we can’t usually be seen with ordinary light.
・ Radiation therapy
It is a medical treatment in which radiation is focused on cancer cells to kill malignant cells.
Radiotherapy has the positive aspect of being less pain to the patient compared to surgery or
chemotherapy, since it can be used regionally without damaging the body [6].
・ Nuclear medicine studies
After a radioactive isotope is injected or administered internally, the amount of radiation emitted
outside the body is measured to determine the distribution of the isotope in which organs and how
the isotope is distributed, which will clarify in the diagnosis of diseases [7].

Fig.6 Torch of peace

5.Discusion

Fig.7 Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Fig.8 Tell my activity③ Outcomes and future tasks
Through my activities ,I was able to render services to increase the number of people whoperceive importance of abolishing nuclear weapons for theirself.
However, high school students peace messenger’s activities have been acting for 25 years,in theworld is, not moving toward the abolition of nuclear weapons.So, I think we have to continue ouractivities including signature activities.Also,I felt that there was not enough discussions of nuclear
abolition from a scientific point of view when we discuss and call for the abolition of nuclear
weapons.Therefore, I must learn and inform people about radiation’s damages.Then, I think that
we must actively learn about world affairs.

From my research on the effects of radiation on the human body, I learned once again about the short- and longterm damage caused by radiation from nuclear weapons and the inhumanity of nuclear weapons. Therefore, I realize
the importance of continuing to appeal for the abolition of nuclear weapons by spreading the implementation ofradiation damage from Hiroshima, where the atomic bomb was dropped for the first time in the world, based on
scientific data on the damage caused by radiation. Also, through my activities of peace messenger, I felt that thehistory of Hiroshima back 77 years ago is fading away due to the aging of Hibakusya.Now, we must reconsider thetragedies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,and not to repeat them and for no more Hibakusya.
The G7 summit is scheduled to be held in Hiroshima in 2023. I would like to appeal actively for peace and the abolitionof nuclear weapons from a scientific perspective so that Hiroshima can make some progress toward nuclear abolitionof nuclear weapons.
On the other hand, radiation has not only bad effects but also good effects in terms of medicine. I will continue to
conduct experiments and research to gain correct knowledge of radiation and advocate for the abolition of nuclear
weapons. I would also like to utilize the knowledge to save the lives of people suffering from illnesses and help them
maintain their health.

6. Future research
Using simulations and other methods, I will clarify the damage caused by the use of nuclear
weapons in today's world. I will also clarify the genetic consequences of radiation from nuclear
weapons through experiments. I will also promote the abolition of nuclear weapons from a scientificpoint of view by sharing opinions with people around the world.

7. References［1］國友正明ほか10名(令和4年1月31日発行)『改訂版 物理基礎』数研出版［2］國友正明ほか10名(令和4年1月31日発行)『改訂版 物理』数研出版［3］星野泰也(2021年3月1日発行)『改訂版 フォトサイエンス 物理図録』数研出版株式会社［4］https://www.asahi.com/special/10005/TKY201104070102.html(2022年10月17日アクセス）［5］https://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/?insight=20120828144537117_ja（2022年10月17日アクセス）［6］http://www.aec.go.jp/jicst/NC/qa/iken/q19s1.htm(2022年10月9日アクセス)［7］https://criepi.denken.or.jp/jp/rsc/knowledge/iryou_temp.html(2022年10月14日アクセス)