ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS
3/6/2009

A Case Study of Operational Delayat Japanese Airports

Electronic Navigation Research InstituteKota Kageyama
Yutaka Fukuda

Outline
Instances of Aircraft Operational Delay Study• Background• ATM Performance Assessment• Study Instances• Data Collection• Arrival Delays at Japanese Airports Compared• ATFM Influence at Block-Out Delay

BackgroundAir Traffic Management (ATM)ATM
Dynamic & Integrated
Management of
Air Traffic & Airspace

Air Traffic Services• Safety• Efficiency• Punctuality

Aircraft Operation

ATM Performance
Traffic Demand Growth

Accommodate :Performance Improvement

ATM Performance
Traffic Demand Growth

Accommodate :Performance Improvement

Still Growing

Further & Continuous Improvements RequiredATM Performance
Traffic Demand Growth

Accommodate :Performance Improvement

Still Growing

Further & Continuous Improvements Required
ATM Performance Assessment

ATM Performance Assessment

Assessment• Priority Items for the Improvement can be Identified• The Effect of Planned Improvement can be EstimatedATM Performance Assessment
Strategy for the
Performance Improvement

Assessment• Priority Items for the Improvement can be Identified• The Effect of Planned Improvement can be EstimatedPerspective of ATM Performance
Multiple ObjectivesRJTTRJCC 20061114
45N

40N

35N

30N

130E

135E

140E

145E

50Arr.
Dep.

4030

Assessment through

20Multiple Perspectives

100-30-20-100102030

Perspective of ATM Performance
Multiple Objectives

RJTTRJCC 20061114
45N

40N

35N

30N

130E

135E

140E

145E

50Arr.
Dep.

4030

Assessment through20

Multiple Perspectives

100-30-20-100102030

ICAO Definition : Key Performance Areas (KPA)Perspective of ATM Performance
Multiple Objectives

RJTTRJCC 20061114
45N

40N

35N

30N

130E

135E

140E

145E

50Arr.
Dep.

4030

Assessment through

20Multiple Perspectives

100-30-20-100102030

ICAO Definition : Key Performance Areas (KPA)• Capacity, Efficiency, Predictability and Others

Data Collection

Data for the Assessment

AircraftOperations

Mechanism for
Supporting & Safeguarding

Performance
Reflected

Data for the Assessment

AircraftOperations

Mechanism for
Supporting & Safeguarding

Performance
Reflected

Partially
Recorded

ATM System Journals
Analysis : Performance AssessedExamples of ATM Systems
Data Items in Distinct ATM System Journals
SystemFlight DataManagement System

Recorded Data Item
Take-off/Landing Times

Radar Data Processing
SystemTrajectory( in Radar Coverage Areas)

Oceanic Data
Processing System

Trajectory( in Non-Radar Coverage Areas)

Gate Management &Planning System

Departure/Arrival Times at Gates

Air Traffic Flow
Management System

Revised Take-off Times for ATFM
(EDCT)

Challenges for Efficient Analysis• Data Items• Correlation for Identical Operations Required• Substantial Data Volume• Due to Traffic Volume Growth & Numbers of Items

Database Implementation
DBMS (DataBase Management System) Exploited

Journal 1
Journal 2
Journal 3

Items
Items

Items

DataBase
Correlated for IdenticalOperations & Stored

Fast Data Retrieval for the Efficient ComputationComparison of Arrival DelaySubject : Delay• Closely Related to Efficiency & Predictability of KPA• Important Index for Operational Performance• Arrival Delay• Block-In at the Destination Airports• Between Schedule & Actual Time

The Analyzed Data
• 62 Days Worth of Data Gathered• 2007/2, 6, 8, 10, 12
New Chitose(RJCC)• 2008/4, 6, 8, 10• Arrival Delays : Computed at 3 Airports
Fukuoka(RJFF)

Haneda (RJTT): Main Airport

Arrival Delay Index
Late Arrivals
Actual Block-InTime-Scheduled
Block-In Time

> 15 min.

The Percentages Computed : Index

The Percentages of Late Arrivals
On the Whole
14%

151299%

10%

630
RJCC

RJFF

RJTT

The Daily Percentages of Late Arrivals
6058%

RJCC

RJFF

RJTT

5040% of30
20
1002%
2007.2

2007.6 2007.8

2007.10 2007.12

2008.42008.6

2008.8Fluctuation Among the Dates

2008.10

Decomposition of Arrival Delay
Pre-departure Delayby Block-Out

Block-In

Block-Out

Block-time DelaybetweenBlock-Out &Block-In

Pre-departure Delay
ActualBlock-Out Time

Scheduled
Block-Out TimeATM Related Factors :• Airport Surface Design• Runways / Taxi-ways Congestion• Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM)

Block-time Delay
Scheduled Block-time
Scheduled
Block-In Time-

Scheduled
Block-Out Time-

ActualBlock-Out Time

Actual Block-timeActualBlock-In TimeATM Related Factors :• Runways / Taxi-ways / Airspace Congestion

The Index of the Items
Late Departed
ActualBlock-Out Time-

Scheduled
Block-OutTime> 15 min.

-Scheduled
Block-time> 15 min.

Block Delayed
Actual Block-time

The Percentages Computed : Index

The Percentages at the Airports
Late Departed

Block Delayed

108On the Whole

7%

644%

2%20RJCC

RJFF

RJTT

• More Block-Delay at Haneda Airport• More and Constant Pre-departure Delay

The Percentages at the Airports
Late Departed

Block Delayed

108On the Whole

7%

644%

2%

20
RJCC

RJFF

RJTT

• More Block-Delay at Haneda Airport• More and Constant Pre-departure Delay

The Tendency of the Percentages
0.4
0.3
0.2

Ratio of0.1
0.0
2007.2

2007.6

2007.82007.10

2007.122008.42008.6

2008.82008.10

The Tendency of the Percentages
0.4
0.3
0.2

Ratio of0.1
0.0
2007.2

0.6

2007.6

2007.82007.10

2007.122008.42008.6

2008.82008.10Similarity Observed
RJCC

RJFF

RJTT

0.5
0.4

Ratio of0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
2007.2

2007.6

2007.82007.10

2007.122008.42008.6

2008.82008.10

Analysis on ATFM InfluenceAir Traffic Flow Management

Take-Off Time
Adjustment
Ease Congestionin Airspace

Influence on Pre-departure Delay Studied

ATFM Delay Index
ATFM Delay
Revised Take-Off
Time (EDCT)-Planned Take-Off
Time (ETD)

Pre-Departure Delay caused by ATFM
The Average Used as the Index

ΣATFM Delay / # of All the Arrivals

Pre-Departure DelayActual
Block-Out Time-Scheduled
Block-Out TimeThe Average Computed

ΣPre-Departure Delay / # of All the Arrivals

Compared with the Ave. of ATFM DelayAnalyzed Data : ATFM Delay
Data Recorded in 62 Days
Arrivals at Haneda Airport from

New Chitose(RJCC)• New Chitose (RJCC)• Osaka (RJOO)• Fukuoka (RJFF)

Osaka(RJOO)
Fukuoka (RJFF)

Haneda(RJTT)

The Average on the Whole(3 Routes Combined)

Ave.

Pre-Departure

ATFM

4.34

0.24(minutes)

ATFM Delay : About 5% for Pre-Departure Delay(Small Percentage)

Daily Average of ATFM Delay Index
Ave. of Pre-Depature & ATFM Delay (min.)30(3 Routes Combined)

25
ATFM Delay

Pre-departure Delay

20
1510502007.2

2007.6

2007.82007.10

2007.12

Less Correlation on the WholeDaily Average of ATFM Delay Index
Ave. of Pre-Depature & ATFM Delay (min.)30(3 Routes Combined)

25
ATFM Delay

Pre-departure Delay

20
15

Focused on 10/27

1050
2007.2

2007.6

2007.82007.10

2007.12

Less Correlation on the Whole

Delay Average (min.) Delay Average (min.) Delay Average (min.)Hourly Average of ATFM on 10/278060RJCC

Pre-departure
ATFM

RJFF

Pre-departure
ATFM

RJOO

Pre-departure
ATFM

4020080
604020080
6040200Delay Average (min.) Delay Average (min.) Delay Average (min.)Hourly Average of ATFM on 10/27
80
60

RJCC

Pre-departure
ATFM

RJFF

Pre-departure
ATFM

RJOO

Pre-departure
ATFM

4020080
604020080
6040200

Localized Time-Periods : Significant Effect from ATFM

SummarySummary• ATM Performance Assessment• Analysis Instance• Arrival Delay• More Influence from Pre-departure Delay• ATFM Impact for Pre-departure Delay• Small on the Whole• Significant Impacts in Localized Time Periods

Future Work• Continuous Delay Monitoring Required• For a Detailed ATM Performance Assessment

Significant Insights on Future ATM Improvements

Thank You for Your Attention