12Presentation Outline

Integrated Solid Waste
Management in Singapore• Introduction• Overview of Solid Waste Situation• Waste Challenges• Waste Management Strategies

Asian Network of Major Cities 21 (ANMC21)• Conclusion

16-20 February 2009

Gillian Oh
National Environment Agency, Singapore

Part of the MEWR Family

Introduction

MEWR’s Role - Policy Formulation
NEA’s Role - Strategy and Implementation• Small island city-state– Total land area of 697 sq km• High population density– Population of ~4.2 mil• Highly industrialised economy• Lack of natural resources andrenewable energy sources

MEWR

Formed 1 July 2002

Transferred to MEWR
on 1 April 2001

5OurMission

To ensure asustainable clean
and healthy
environmentin Singapore.

Our Vision

aN Enterprising Agency, Embracing All in Caring for Our
Clean and Healthy Environment – Today for Tomorrow

46

Desired Outcomes
As Regulator, Facilitator and a Promoter
Clean
AirClean
Land

Clean
Water

High Std of
Public Healthand National Pride

Our Ultimate Goal:

Environmental Sustainability

178

Solid Waste Management System
Households
Households&&Trade
TradePremises
Premises

WasteCollection(Privatised)

Overview ofSolid Waste Situation

Commercial
Commercial&&
Industrial
Industrial
Premises
Premises

Licensed Public
Waste Collectors
9,140 tonnes/day* (9 sectors)(56%)

Recycling(PrivatelyManaged)

Licensed General
Waste Collectors(> 300)Total
TotalWaste
Waste
GeneratedGenerated(16,310(16,310tonnes/day)
tonnes/day)

Recycling
Recycling

Incinerable waste

Waste Disposal(Government owned &operated –restructuring inprogress)

Non-incinerable waste

6690 tons/day ( 41%)

Incineration
Incineration

480 tons/day (3%)

Ash
1590 tons/day

Landfill
Landfill* Nett tonnage recycled.

9Waste Disposed10

Waste Output ( 2008)(Daily Average 1970 – 2008)
Tonnes Per Day

2001

9,000

7,700

8,000
7,000

2008

7,170

56.5%

43.5%

5,700

6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000

2,600
1,200

Non-domestic waste
3,120 tonnes/day

1,000

Domestic & trade waste
4,050 tonnes/dayYear01970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Waste Output : 7,170 tonnes/day

1112

UNABATED WASTE GENERATION
16,310 t/d

Waste Challenges• Due to population & economic growthWaste…this is not sustainableExplosion
Increase
6 times

1 new incineration plant every 55-7 years>1,200 t/d1 new landfill (350ha) every 2525-30 years

1970

2008

21314

WASTE CHALLENGESWASTE CHALLENGES-Limited land space- Expensive to build and maintain IPs and Landfill
IPs &Landfill

Year

Ulu Pandan 1979
Tuas1986
Senoko1992
Tuas South 2000
P. Semakau 1999

Capacity

By 1999…

Cost

All landfills on
mainland were
full & closed

1,100 t/d
130 million
1,700 t/d
200 million
2,400 t/d
580 million
3,000 t/d
890 million
630million m3 610 million-Need to conserve our resources

Incinerable Waste

RecycledWaste Management Strategies

15161. Waste Minimisation
2. Recycling
3. Incineration with energy
recovery of all incinerables
4. Landfilling of nonnon-incinerables
only

Strategy 1 : Waste Minimisation
C & D waste recycling plant

Incineration Ash
Non-incinerable Waste

1970

Present

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste

Landfill

Minimise waste at source¾ Design/Use less packaging

Industry’s Role•

Review or redesign
packaging•Cut down
packaging materialusage•

Use packaging thatis easily recyclable•

Implement
programmes toreuse or recycle
packaging waste•

Educate industry
partners andcustomers on
packaging waste
minimisation &recyclingObjectives–Reduce packaging waste ( currently 35 % ofhousehold waste)–Raise awareness/ educate public

Signatories:–Food and Beverage Industry , NGOs, Waste
Management & Recycling Association ofSingapore, Public Waste Collectors

18

Government’s Role

¾ Use packaging that can be recycled
The Singapore Packaging Agreement
jointly developed by Government,Industry & NGOs; w.e.f. 5 Jul 07.

IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

Roles of Signatories

17

Waste Minimisation

Recycling of
Horticultural Waste• Promote waste minimisation & recycling at a national level• Facilitate & provide support for building industry knowledge
and technological capability to recycle & reduce waste• Implement & enhance the National Recycling Programme toprovide a convenient means to recycle waste from households,
including packaging waste

Non-Governmental
Organisations’/Community’s Role
• Educate consumers andbusinesses on packaging waste
minimisation & recycling3

Some of theparticipating retailers

Waste Minimisation

1920

Waste Minimisation

Bring Your Own Bag Day(BYOBD)¾Aim : encourage shoppers tobring their own shopping bags
and reduce excessive use ofplastic bags.
¾Inaugural day : 18 Apr 07,
every 1st Wed of month¾From 4 Jun 08 : every Wed

Singapore Green Label• A scheme which
awards environmentfriendly products witheco-labels.

2122

Sustainable Solution
Close the Solid Waste Loop

Strategy 2 : Recycling
C & D waste recycling plantCollection
Collection
Disposal
Disposal

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste

Recycling ofHorticultural Waste

MRF
MRF

Process
Process

ConvertConvertRecycling
Recycling

Industry
Industry
Consumers
Consumers

IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

23

Recycling Incinerable Waste

Recycling Incinerable Waste

24

Domestic Waste•Provide infrastructure for recycling¾National Recycling Programme - All households in HDB andlanded properties have access to recycling receptacles (bins/bags)… to reduce
reduce waste to incineration plants
C & D waste recycling plant¾Condominium Recycling - Mandate provision of receptacles forrecycling in condominiums and private apartments from 1st Nov 08¾3,800 public recycling bins

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste

Recycling ofHorticultural Waste

IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

425

MAIN TYPES OF RECYCLABLES COLLECTEDNational Recycling Programme

26¾ Recyclables
Paper & Carton boxes
Drink cans/ metal containersGlass bottles/jars
Plastic bottles• HDB flats & landed properties• Place these bags/bins at doorstep oncollection date indicated on the bag/bins• Participation rate: 63% (2008)27

National Recycling Programme- 1600 Centralised Recycling Depositories

Condominiums Recycling

28

2002 : Launch voluntarily recycling programme- Work with residents,
cleaners & recycling companies
to encourage condominium
management to introduce
recycling voluntarily
With more requests from residents for recycling & low participation rate forvoluntary recycling programme ….

1 Nov 2008 : Mandate provision of recycling receptacles incondominiums ( to be rolled out in phases)
30 Mar 2009: New residential property to have designatedrecycling point and/or recyclables chute system

29

Public Recycling Bins
Outside MRT Stations
Changi Airport
Shopping Malls
Food courts

30

Recycling Incinerable Waste

Promoting New Waste Collection System toincrease recycling

Twin Pneumatic Refuse Collection System¾ Separate chutes for refuse andrecyclables

5

Recycling Incinerable Waste

31

Public Education & Community Participation

Recycling Incinerable Waste

32

Industrial and Commercial Waste Recycling:
Statistics as of 2007¾ School Recycling Corner Programme (97%)¾ Annual Recycling Day partners:• Paper / Cardboard (619,000 tonnes, 51% recycled)• Wood / Timber (127,800 tonnes, 52%)
• Horticultural Waste (91,100 tonnes, 41%)
• Plastics (75,000 tonnes, 11%)
• Food Waste (51,200 tonnes, 9%)• Residents• Companies• Schools• Grassroots organizations• Government agencies• Non-GovernmentalOrganisations

Food waste recycling

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste

Recycling ofHorticultural Waste

33

34

Recycling Non-Incinerable Waste

Recycling Non-incinerable Waste

Industrial and Commercial Waste
Statistics as of 2007

• Used Slag (520,000 tonnes, 99% recycled)• C & D Waste (759,300 tonnes, 98%)
• Ferrous Metal (668,000 tonnes, 91%).... to reduce
reduce waste to landfill
C & D waste recycling plant

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste

Recycling of
Horticultural Waste

Recycling of
Horticultural Waste

IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant

C & D waste recycling plant

35

Recycling Non-incinerable Waste

36

Recycling Non-incinerable Waste
Incineration Bottom Ash¾ 1,340 t/d¾Successful trial use in road construction

After processing – Fine Aggregates

Products containing recycled
aggregates

IBA from incineration plant

Before Processing – Mixed
C&D Waste

Processed IBA

Jalan BurohRoad Kerbs
After processing – Coarse Aggregates…Construction & Demolition Waste Recycling

6

37

38

Overall Recycling Rate
65

SGP 2012 Target

60

56

Percent

55

Strategy 3 : Incineration

50

C & D waste recycling plant

4540

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

35

Year

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste

Singapore Green Plan 2012:
to increase overall recycling rate to 60% by 2012

Recycling ofHorticultural Waste

IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant3940

Waste Collection

Waste Collection

Domestic & Trade Premises

Public Waste Collectors (PWCs): Altvater Jakob Pte Ltd: Colex Holdings Ltd

 Collection service corporatised in 1996

: SembWaste Pte LtdAng Mo KioKioToa Payoh
HougangHougangPunggol: 800 Super Waste Management Pte Ltd Fully privatised collection service in Sep 01

WoodlandsWoodlandsYishun Improve collection efficiency and service
quality

79183Jurong

4Pasir RisRisTampines

256Bedok
ClementiCity
TanglinTanglin-Bukit Merah

41

Waste Collection
Industrial & Commercial Premises
 By licensed general waste collectors

42Waste Management
All waste are collected daily and disposed ofby licensed General Waste Collectors~90%Waste~10%Ash4 Incineration Plants

Semakau Landfill

7Incineration

Waste Disposal Facilities

CostCost-effective disposal in landland-scarce situations:¾ volume of refuse can be reduced by 90%- only 10% landfill space required¾ energy can be recovered for power generation¾ scrap metal can be recovered for recycling

Senoko IP

Ulu Pandan IP

Tuas IP

Tuas South IP

Closed Lorong Halus
Dumping Ground

Tuas MarineTransfer StationSemakau
Landfill

45

Performance ( 2007)

46

Privatisation to improve efficiency

Refuse incinerated

Incineration plants¾ 2.38 million tonnes• Construction of 5th waste-to-energy plant by Keppel
Seghers under a Design-Build-Own-Operate (DBOO)
model

Electricity generated¾ 975 million kWh of electricity generated¾ 2 to 3% of the electricity demand for Singapore• Divestment of Senoko IP via an Infrastructure Fund

Scrap metal recovered¾ 13,800 tonnes

47

Semakau Landfill

Strategy 4 : Landfilling

C & D waste recycling plant

Recycled Products
from Wood Waste

Recycling ofHorticultural Waste

IUT Singapore
Food Waste Recycling Plant•Commenced operations on 1 Apr 99•Cost : $610 million•Area : 350 ha•Capacity : 63 million m3

8

Semakau Landfill

49

Recreational Activities

50• Only landfill in Singapore• Incorporated pollution control measures tominimise impact on marine ecosystem• Preserved ecosystem & biodiversity of Pulau
SemakauSport Fishing

Bird Watching

Inter-tidal WalkStar Gazing• Opened up for recreational activities since July
2005
• Strike a balance between economicdevelopment and environmental protection

51

Short- term Outcome

52

In the longer term….

• Lifespan of Semakau landfill• SGP 2012 - our environmental
blueprint for next 10 years to
help Singapore achieveenvironmental sustainability• Target is 60% recycling rate by
2012

Estimated extension from 25 - 30 years
to 35 - 40 years• Need for new IP
Estimated extension from 5 - 7 years to
10 - 15 years

http://www.mewr.gov.sg/sgp2012/Conclusion

53• Integrated waste management is important to :-extend lifespan of Semakau Landfill-reduce the need for new waste-to-energy plantsÆTowards Zero LandfillÆTowards Zero Waste• 3P Partnership is needed to sustain efforts in54

Thank You

minimising waste and recycling
Reuse

RecycleReduce9