11 Development of Science & Technology for Nuclear Nonproliferation
Development of Technology and Human Capacity Building in the Area of Nuclear
Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security to Support Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
in future nuclear fuel cycle facilities. We also examined
applicability of the International Atomic Enagy Agency (IAEA)
recommended measure for “2Ss” to MOX fuel fabrication andfuel storage facilities.

The Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation
and Nuclear Security (ISCN) has been conducting the following
technology and human capacity development activities relatedto nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security, in cooperation
with relevant domestic and overseas organizations (Fig.11-1).

Support for Human Capacity Development
Based on the commitments of the Japanese government madeat the Nuclear Security Summit in April 2010, we have supported
human capacity development, especially among Asian states,
since April 2011 in order to strengthen nuclear security in thesecountries. In FY 2015, approximately 530 (approximately 300
from Asian states) participants beneﬁtted from our seminars andtraining courses on nuclear security and safeguards held withinand outside of Japan.

Technology Development for Japanese and InternationalApplications
We have been developing the nondestructive assay technology
to quantify nuclear materials in fuel debris by the accident at
the TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi NPS, and also examining
the safeguards * technologies in case the spent fuel direct
disposal is applied. In addition, we have been developing
the nuclear detection technology by nuclear resonancefluorescence technique, the nondestructive assay technology
using external pulse neutron source and the monitoring
technology for plutonium solution containing ﬁssion products
in order to enhance nuclear security and improve safeguards.
Furthermore, we have been improving the technologies forthe nuclear forensics. Topic 11-1 shows the summary of theinternational collaborative analysis comparison exercise for
uranium age determination analysis which is one of nuclear
forensics measures.

International Contributions Based on Our Expertiseand Experience
To establish the global veriﬁcation regime for nuclear tests, wehave been operating provisionally facilities of the international
monitoring system of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty (CTBT) and a national data center (NDC). For the 4thnuclear test conducted by North Korea in January 2016, JAEA
reported the analysis and evaluation results of data observedat the CTBT radionuclide monitoring stations to the nationalgovernment etc. in a timely manner and thereby contributed tothe evaluation by the national government based on the CTBT
operation system in Japan.

* Verification activity to ensure that nuclear materials are limited topeaceful uses and not diverted to nuclear weapons.

Support for Government Policy Formulation Based on
Our Technological Expertise
We conduct the research on synergy effects on Nonproliferation (Safeguards) and Nuclear Security measures atnuclear fuel cycle facilities. In order to enhance and promote
both Safeguards and Nuclear Security (so called “2Ss”),
international trend survey on synergy effects was proceeded
as basic study, eyeing possibility of utilizing originally“1S”-purposed measurement and surveillance technologies,
safeguards equipment and information for “2Ss” purposes

Support to JAEA’s Transportation and Duties of
Research Reactor Fuels
We support to nuclear transportation carrying out by our
research and development centers, we have coordinated theprocurement of fresh fuels and disposal measures of spent
fuels for our research reactors. Through these activities, we
contribute to Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), which
has been strengthening global nuclear security, by promoting
the systematic return of high enriched uranium to USA.

Cooperation organizations
DOE

IAEA

Domestic
organizations

EURATOM

Policy Research

Transportation and Research
Reactor Fuels Support

Policy research on the current
issues on the peaceful use of
nuclear energy, nuclear nonproliferation, and nuclear security

Cooperation

Support to JAEA’s transportationof nuclear materialsCoordination of procurement anddisposal of research reactor fuels

Contribution to CTBT
Global Verification Regime

Human Capacity Building
Support in Asian States

Advanced development of theCTBT verification technologies
and establishment of globalverification regime

Enhancement of capacity building
through training, seminar, workshop, etc.
Development of Technology for strengthening
nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security

Cooperation

Cooperation

Cooperation

Advanced safeguard technologies such as measuringcontrol technology of meltdown fuel at the TEPCO’s
Fukushima Daiichi NPS, nuclear detection and NDA
technologies, and nuclear forensics technologies
Nuclear relevant
network in Asia

CTBTO
WINS
ASNO

Relevant
ministries

Fig.11-1 JAEA activities in the development of science and technology for nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security
We have been playing an active role in international organizations, such as IAEA, technology development in each country and ensuringtransparency. And we continue human capacity development support project which contributes the capacity building in Asian countries.

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JAEA R&D Review 2016-17