UNFCCC COP 27 Japan Pavilion Seminar
How can satellites improve Forest Monitoring and Management?

Panel Discussion
Dr. Belinda Arunarwati Margono
Director of Forest Resources Inventory and Monitoring,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry,
Government of Indonesia

MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENTAND FORESTRYREPUBLIC INDONESIA

National Forest Monitoring System of Indonesia(SIMONTANA)
Belinda A. Margono, PhD
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
DG of Forestry Planning and Environmental Governance

COP 27 UNFCCC | Sharm El-Sheikh, EGYPT
10 November 2022
STRONGER CLIMATE ACTION TOGETHERHow Big Indonesia Is & How to monitor it?

208 Scenes of Landsat Images

1.919.000 km2+Terrestrial + Remote Sensing

556 Scenes of Sentinel 2A Images

THE INDONESIAN FOREST(Indonesian Perspective as stipulated hereto the Law Nr 41 of 1999 on Forestry)
FOREST

STATE FOREST AREA

(Physical Definition)(Legal Definition)

A landscape-based ecosystem
unit occupied by tree dominatedbio-natural resources enclosed inenvironmental unity, in which
one to another is inextricable

A specific area appointed and/or
enacted by the government tomaintain the existence of
permanent forest.

Land Cover•••• Forested (Dryland, Swamp, Mangrove)• Non forested•

THE INDONESIAN FOREST(2021)
State Forest Area

Non-State ForestArea∑

Forested

46.8%

4.0%

50.8%

Non Forested

16.3%

32.9%

49.2%

∑63.1%

36.9%

100%

State Forest Area
Conservation Forest
Protection Forest
Production Forest (Standard,Limited, Convertible)
Non-State Forest Area

FOREST RESOURCE MONITORING INSTRUMENTSIMONTANA

01

what to be monitored?

02

03

04

▪ De-vegetation▪ Deforestation Alert System▪ Standing stock (timber & NFTP)▪ Forest accounting▪ Biomass▪ Land Cover▪ Forest cover▪ LC change▪ Deforestation

Existing (Continuous) System and Data Establishment▪
▪
▪
▪

The system is operational & inherent with the MoEF of Indonesia- organizational structure
Not project based
Guarantee the continuity of system operation
https://nfms.menlhk.go.id/
Modalities for various needs, including implementation of REDD+
https://sigap.menlhk.go.id/

Terrestrial Measurement
CLUSTER DISTRIBUTION MAP OF INDONESIA PLOT SAMPLING• Focus: Forested land on The State Forest Area
• Cluster for Temporary Sample Plot and Permanent Sample Plot
• Design : Systematic sampling; grid 20kmx20km, on some point detailed 10kmx10km and5kmx5km

LONG HISTORY OF LAND COVER DATA AND ITS IMPROVEMENT▪ The accuracy of land cover map has also been
calculated using simple random sampling method(5.000-point samples were distributed acrossIndonesia; time period: 1990-2000);▪ Samples were interpreted using high resolution
imagery such as SPOT 6/7 and Google Earth▪ overall accuracy (2020) 23 classes: 78,9%▪ overall accuracy (2020) forest-non forest: 94,7%
Uncertainty of national land cover changes is stillprocessing▪ Increase the number ofmangrove sample plots;▪ Improve accuracy of AboveGround Biomass using
allometric of Manuri (2017)
and Chave (2014);▪ Re-design of the sample
plot (on-going).
RATE OF DEFORESTATIONNow
BURNSCAR AREA MAP

NATIONAL FOREST
INVENTORYUnderstanding Indonesian Landcover Classes
No MoEF Land Cover Classes
1Primary Dryland Forest
2Secondary Dryland Forest
3Primary Mangrove Forest
4Primary Swamp Forest
5Secondary Mangrove Forest
6Secondary Swamp Forest
7Plantation Forest
8Dryland Agriculture
9Mixed Dryland Agriculture
10Transmigration
11Ricefield
12Estate Plantation
13Savanna/ Grassland
14Bush/Shrub
15Swamp Shrub
16Swamp17Settlement
18Barren Land
19Fish Pond
20Airport/ Port
21Mining Area
22Water Body
23Cloud

IPCC Classes

Forestland

CroplandGrashland

Gross Deforestation

Wetland= Forestland → Non-forest

Settlement

Reforestation= Non-forest → Forestland

Otherland

Nett Deforestation= Gross Deforestation – Reforestation

LAND COVER CHANGE TRAJECTORY (example: 1990 – 2020)

shrub

secondary dryland forest

primary dryland forest

secondary swamp forest

Estate crop-plantation

miningOpen areaswamp shrub
primary swamp forest

LAND COVER CHANGES OF INDONESIA PERIOD 1990-2021

Notes on Japan SatelliteImages

2008-2011•
High resolution image needs•
Landsat 7 ETM SLC Off•
Excessive cloud coverALOS PALSAR→ Radar HH/HVpolarization; 50m→ Assessment forlandcover map→ Visual (RGB)

ALOS AVNIR-2 & PRISM→ AVNIR-2 (Multispectral) 10m→ PRISM (Panchromatic) 2,5m
→ Assessment for Forest Resource Potential→ Estimating timber stock• Data continuity• Limited Access• Competitive price• Software specific• Qualified training facilities fornew productUpdate:Participate Online Workshop “Tropical Forest Management Using
The JJ-Fast an Alos-2” on 4 - 19 October 2021

Preliminary result :Overestimate forcalculating IndonesiaDeforestation

THANK YOU
ipsdh.pktl@menlhk.go.id
Direktorat Ipsdh
dit_ipsdh
Direktorat IPSDH
www.sigap.menlhk.go.id