The 14th International Conference on
Environmental and Rural Development

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
March 3rd – 5th 2023
Angkor Paradise Hotel, Siem Reap, Cambodia

Organized by:

Supported by:Collaborated with:

Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023

Table of Contents
Table of ContentsiManaging Committee and Chairmanship of the 14th ICERD

xii

Program of the 14th ICERD

xiv

Scientific Presentation of the 14th ICERD

xv

Oral Presentation

xv

Poster Presentation

xxix

RCE Special Session

xxxiv

k.LAB Special Session

xxxv

Keynote Presentation (TBA)
Abstracts of Oral Presentation
Agricultural System and Food Innovation (AG)AG-14-01

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Health Indicators in Corn Silage Production in a
Semi-Arid Environment
Phearen Miller, Jeanette Norton, Grant Cardon, Scott B. Jones, Jennifer Macadam,
Matt Yost, Avneet Kakkar, and Yang Ouyang

1

AG-14-02

Simple Weir Types and Their Prospects for Small-Scale Irrigation Development inNorthern Zambia
Alex Lushikanda Kabwe, Masahiro Hyodo, Hidehiko Ogata, Yoshihiro Sagawa,Yoshinao Adachi and Masayuki Ishii

2

AG-14-04

Effect of Pollination by the Apis Mellifera on Yield and Fruit Productivity Quality ofGreenhouse Produced Sweet Net Melon in Cambodia
Chhouk Chheang and Sopheak Tith3

AG-14-05

Development of A Simple-Concept Water Allocation Model at The Farm-Block-Level
for Efficient Water Management
Naohisa Nakashima and Testuro Fukuda

4

AG-14-06

Clarification of Water Use Under the Complicated Irrigation System and Its Modelingin The Boribo-Bamnak River Basin, Cambodia
Salpisak Heng, Yamamoto Tadao and Inoue Takashi

5AG-14-08

Making of the First Organic State in The World
Alka Parikh

6AG-14-09

Improvements in Preservation Properties for Homemade-Style Pickled Cucumber in
Cambodia
Sokly Sorm, Shuki Muramatsu, Masataka Uchino, Yoshiki Muramatsu, Daiki Oka,Narong Touch, Yuri Tanikoka, Takahiko Nakamura, Toru Nakajima, Motoe Sekido,
Shotaro Kawakami, Chim Chay, Mari Arimitsu and Machito Mihara

7

AG-14-10

Determination of Azadirachtin Compounds in Neem Leaves Collected from Different
Soil Types
Srey Em Chuon, Rithy Chrun, Kim Eang Tho and Chanthin Ouk

8

AG-14-13

The Effects of Green Manures on Sustainable Agriculture Soil Conservation Under
Field Experiment in NMU
Mala Suon, Sopheak Tith, Thangrak Veu, Pisidh Voe, Socheat Ngy, Chhouk Chheang

9iBook of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
AG-14-14

Prevalence of Aflatoxins in Different Peanut Products from Various Markets in Phnom
Penh, Cambodia
Sieng Hai Un, Kim Eang Tho, Pichmony Ek, and Rathna Hor

10

AG-14-16

Reuse of Unavailable Phosphate in Soils Using Solar Cell-Powered Electrokinetic
Treatment
Narong Touch and Takahiko Nakamura

11

AG-14-18

Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment to The Chalky Rice Grain Issue in Japan
Hiroki Oda, Momoka Masano, Takashi Nobuoka and Koshi Yoshida12AG-14-20

Cotton Mutation Breeding Using Ion-Beam
Chhun Tory, El Neyim, Hong Navin, Hol Sokkin, Song Sreyleak, Hayashi Yorikoand Abe Tomoko

13

AG-14-21

Effect of Different Levels of 15-15-15 Fertilizer on The Growth and Flowering of
Wingpod Purslane (Portulaca Umbraticola)
Lim Srengkhai, Nong Anisa, Nhebsae Osin, Chhem Net, Mat Madavy, Thoeurn
Sreymao, Favzy Sapraeny, Sis Ahmatlampi, Phat Sophon, Ly Chhy, and Chhun Tory14

AG-14-22

Effect of Drought Application on Flower, Yield and Leaf Mineral Content of Durian(Cv. Monthong) in Cambodia
Sophal Var, Sreymom Sao, Sovathai Thea, Kim Khuy Khun, Kim Eang Tho,
Sarom Men and Hong Cheang15

AG-14-23

Effect of Different Foliar Potassium Source on Fruit Set and Yield of Durian (Cv.
Monthong) in Cambodia
Sophal Var, Sreymom Sao, Kim Khuy Khun, Kimeang Tho, Sarom Men
and Hong Cheang

16

AG-14-24

Isolation and Selection of Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizopheric Soils in
Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam
Nguyen Khoi Nghia, Vo Duyen Thao Vy, Le Ngoc Anh, Tran Thi Ngoc Binh
and Le Thi Xa

17

AG-14-27

Experiment on Smart Mushroom Cultivation Using the Environmental Control System
Chanreng Sey Nhim, Nita Chek, Chanthan Helc, and Rothna Pec

18

AG-14-29

The Efficiency of No-Till Transplanter Use in Conservation Agriculture Tomato(Solanum Lycopersicum) Production in Battambang Province, Cambodia
Sokleng Mang, Lyhour Hin, Hong Cheang, Sophoanrith Ro, Manuel R. Rayes
and Chan Makara Mean

19

AG-14-31

Effect of Potassium on Growth and Yield of Guava (Psidium Guajava. L) Cv. Kim Ju
Sreymom Sao, Hong Cheang, Kimhong Keo, Sophal Var and Korng Pov

20

AG-14-32

Evaluation of Soil Erosion Risk from Weathering Effects on K Factor of Rusle in
Cobija, Bolivian Amazonia
Juan Uego Perez and Machito Mihara

21

AG-14-33

on-Farm Evaluation of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) Varieties in Different
Agroecosystems
Thy Yorn, Kim Eang Tho, Sophoanrith Rob, Siranet Roeurnc, Chanthin Ouk,and Penghaing Ly

22

AG-14-34

Review on Causes, Effects and Management of Soil Salinity on Irrigated Rice Fields in
Tanzania
Jimmy Felix Macha and Machito Mihara

23

AG-14-36

Field Evaluation of Different Peanut Cultivars for Agronomic Yield Parameters, Pest
and Disease Infestations
Leng Theary, Tho Kimeang, Orn Chhourn, Rin Soriya, Ouk Chanthinand Ly Penghaing

24

iiBook of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
AG-14-37

Crop Growth Model for Hydroponic Cultivation of Solanum Lycopersicum (Tomato)in Semi-Automated Systems
Antonio Perez Fuentes, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiromu Okazawa, Takahiko Nakamura,Ayako Sekiyama and Dickson M. Mazibuko

25

AG-14-39

An Exploratory Study on the Consumption of Planchonella Obovata Fruit Throughout
Cambodia
Sothea Kong, Samnang Nguon, Hiroyuki Hattori and Kasumi Ito26

AG-14-40

Impact of Drip Irrigation System on Planning and Management of Water Delivery in A
Large-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Morocco
Dayyabu Muhammad Zaharaddeen, Katsuvuki Shimizu, Yuri Yamazaki,
Vinay Nangia, Anas Mansouri. Mohamed Belaarabi, and Lahcen Ousstous27

AG-14-41

A Value Chain Analysis of the Cashew Sector in Kampong Cham Province
Sodara Mean and Vathana Thun

28

AG-14-42

Effect of Swine Slurry and Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Enzyme Activities
Moeurb Ang, Hong Cheang, Dyna Theng, Nareth Nut, Lytour Lor
and Kasuni H.H Gamage

29

AG-14-44

Comparison of Vegetation Indices Between Ndvi and Rgb Images in Rice Paddies
Using Uav Imagery
Muyleang Kim, Ke Zhang, Sarvesh Maskey, Ayako Sekiyama, Naomasa Suzuki
and Hiromu Okazawa

30

AG-14-45

Conditions of Bio-Slurry Application in Crop Production for Household Farmers in
Kampong Cham Province
Chan Makara Mean, Lyhour Hin, Sophoanrith Ro, Nareth Nut and Lytour Lor

31

AG-14-46

Effects of Salinity Gradient on Soil Properties: A Survey Study on Saline-Affected
Soils in the Coastal Areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Minh Phuong Nguyen, Minh Khoi Chau, Van Dung Tran, Huynh Khanh Tran, Thi
Kieu Loan Huynh, Dang Khanh Duy Le, and Chi Cong Nguyen

32

AG-14-49

Isolation and Identification of A Compound From Melaleuca Extract and Its
Bioactivites
Ravor Seng, Akane Kuroki, Fumie Nanashima, Takahiro Shibata, Hiroyuki Hattori

33

AG-14-51

Nutritional Evaluation and Physiochemical Properties of Cambodian Planchonella
Obovata Products
Sothea Kong, Chim Chay, Hiroyuki Hattori, Samnang Nguon and Kasumi Ito34

AG-14-53

Identification and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented
Products (Nem Sbak Chrouk) in Battambang Province
Chiva Ma, Chanthol Peng, Channeath Tep, Oudam Heng

35

AG-14-54

Determination of Histamine Level and Its Correlation with Bacteria Viable Count in
Cambodian Fermented Fish
Lengheang Choeng, Chanthol Peng, Leangey Set and Seyha Doeurn

36

AG-14-55

Effectiveness of Different Washing Solution for Bacterial Removal from Lettuce
Collected from Market in Phnom Penh
Panhavatey Sokhom, Chanthol Peng and Oudam Heng

37

AG-14-56

Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From
Fermented Foods Against Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Proteus Penneri and theirPotential for Starter Culture
Sineth Chev, Siveng Meng, Borarin Buntong, Chinda Chhe, and Rithy Chrun

38

AG-14-59

Evaluation of the Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Histamine-Producing Bacteria
Isolated from Cambodian PrahokSamoeun Dana, Top Sothalong, Buntong Borarin, Chhe Chinda and Chrun Rithy

39

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Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
AG-14-60

Assessment of Secondary School Students’ Knowledge and Perception Through theTraining of Nutrition-Based Wild Food Plant Gardening
Sreypich Chhun, Lyda Hok, Phanith Chou, David Ader, Leangsrun Chea
and Chantha Sam

40

AG-14-62

Agronomic Characteristic of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis L. Rupr.)
Production in Rainy Season at Lowland Area of Cambodia
Tithya Kang, Nimul Chun, Sophoanrith Ro, Borarin Buntong, Kimchhin Sok,
Siranet Roeurn, Chhun Hong, Chenda Loeng, Chettra Some

41

AG-14-66

Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Selected Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivars
Under Net House Condition
Kimmouy Meng, Kim Eang Tho, Raby Nget, and Siranet Roeun

42

Environmental Management (EM)EM-14-02

Global and Regional Aspects of Climate Change
Dieter Trautz

43

EM-14-05

Development of Erosion Protection Zones in the Catchment of the Reservoir“Kalimanci”
Ivan Minchev, Ivan Blinkov, Aleksandar Trendafilov, Bozhin Trendafilov

44

EM-14-06

Prediction of Land Use Change Using Ca-Markov Model: A Case Study in the Sangkae
River Basin, Cambodia
Chey Vanna, Yamamoto Tadao, Inoue Takashi

45

EM-14-07

Assessment of Windspeed Reduction Efficiency of Tree Windbreaks Systems Using
Remote Sensing in Ovche Pole, Macedonia
Ognen Onchevski, Ivan Minchev and Machito Mihara

46

EM-14-08

Factors Influencing and Limiting Contribution of Grape Farming to the Improvementof Livelihood of Grape Farmers in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
Mohammad Mirwais Yusufi and Machito Mihara

47

EM-14-13

Characterising Salinity and Identifying the Significance of Salinity Composition on
River Chemistry and Ecosystem Health
Fiona H.M. Henderson and Barry N. Noller

48

EM-14-14

Origin of Heavy Metals Pollution in Cheung Ek Lake
Somara Oum, Narong Touch and Machito Mihara

49

EM-14-17

National Versus Local Climatic Variability and Implication for Communities inProtected Areas: The Cause of Lake Malawi National Park
Mazibuko Dickson, Lameck Fiwa, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiromu Okazawa

50

EM-14-18

Vegetation Description on Regenerative Disturbed Landscape at Lower Slope of Forest
Reserve at Visayas State University
Florante T. Sabejon and Justino M. Quimio

51

EM-14-19

Growth and Mineral Uptake of Moringa oleifera Lam. in Low-Permeability Soils at
Different Salinity Levels
Takashi Kume, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, Tetsuya Shimamura and Shinsuke Haruta

52

EM-14-20

Influence of Native Trees on Soil Fertility in the Rainforestation Site in Mailhi, Baybay
City, Leyte, Philippines
Lorraine Cristy E. Ceniza, Jimmy O. Pogosa, Marlito M. Bande and Victor B. Asio

53

EM-14-22

Nitrogen Removal from Mining Dewatering and Fate of Water Release to A River
Barry N. Noller

54

EM-14-29

Assessment of Socio-Economic Damage Due to Flood Events at the Southern Part ofPhnom Penh Capital City, Cambodia
Chanbora Kao, Ty Sok, Sophearum Phy, Sophal Try, Ratboren Chan, Ilan Ich
and Chantha Oeurng

55

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Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
EM-14-30

Drought Threshold and Drought Monitoring Using Google Earth Engine in Prek Thnot
River Basin
Kimsor Ol, Ty Sok, Kimsan Chan, Ilan Ich, Ratboren Chan, Chantha Oeurng

56

EM-14-31

Watershed Health Condition Linkage with Anthropogenic at Tropical Watershed Scale
Sreyluch Phal, Ty Sok, Sotheanea Khe, Kimsan Chan, Sophanny Phan, Veasna Ly
and Chantha Oeurng

57

EM-14-32

Surface Water Quality Characteristics in 9c Region of the Mekong River
Sophanny Phan, Ty Sok, Veasna Ly, Sreyluch Phal, Kimsan Chan, Vinhteang Kaing,
and Chantha Oeurng

58

EM-14-33

Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Removal of Pollutants in Anaerobic Baffle
Reactor and Anaerobic Filter Treating Medium Strength Domestic Wastewater
Kimeng Sou, Borith Pang, Sotheara Hour, Sreyleak Khorn, Chanmonineth Sreng,
Rathborey Chan, Phaly Ham, and Saret Bun

59

EM-14-34

Comparison Removal Performance of Conventional Septic Tank and Imhoff Tank in
Treating Medium-Strength Domestic Wastewater
Sokmean San, Saret Bun, Chanthang Chin, Kimeng Sou, Borith Pang, Phaly Ham,
Rathborey Chan60

EM-14-35

Implementation of Land Use and Land Cover Lulc 2020-Esri Global Map to Estimate
Soil Erosion in Stung Sangkae Catchment, Cambodia
Sakdanuphol Chan, Nareth Nut, Kakada Sourng, Dyna Theng, and Machito Mihara

61

EM-14-36

Impacts of Land Use/Land Cover on Soil Erosion in Stung Sangkae Catchment Using
Apex Model
Sakdanuphol Chan, Sokphalratanak Phem, Nareth Nut and Machito Mihara

62

EM-14-37

Attributing Variation of Spatio-Temporal of Groundwater Level and Recharge in
Cambodian Mekong Delta
Penglong Koun, Ty Sok, Ilan Ich, Kimsan Chann, Sameth Chan, Chantha Oeurng

63

EM-14-38

Estimation of Soil Erosion Using Rusle Model and Gis in Rotanak Mondol District,Battambang Province, Cambodia
Viream Rorng, Nareth Nut, Sakdanuphol Chan, Dyna Theng, Machito Mihara

64

EM-14-39

Selection and Optimization Preparation Conditions of Various Raw Materials for
Inoculation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Under Ambient Temperature
Chanthang Chin, Solida Sim, Ratboren Chan, Saret Bun, Vireak Met, Kimeng Sou,
Phaly Ham, Chanthol Peng, Rathborey Chan65

EM-14-40

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compound (Voc) By Using CoatedTitanium Dioxide in Plastic Media Carry in Immobilized Annular Tube Reactor
Sakada Yem, Rathborey Chan, Saret Bun, and Phaly Ham

66

EM-14-42

A Comparison of Organic Matter Dynamics Among Degraded, Dam Restored andPreserved Peat Swamp Forest
Tetsuya Shimamura, Rie Neishi, Erna S. Poesie, Kuniyasu Momose, Ikuo Ninomiya
and Swido H. Limin

67

EM-14-43

Evaluation of Different Satellite Image Products with Ground Data in Estimation
Sediment Transport in Latest Tonle Sap Lake Tributary
Veasna Ly, Ty Sok, Sophanny Phan, Sreyluch Phal, Kimsan Chan, Ratboren Chan,
Chantha Oeurng

68

EM-14-44

Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli and Aeromonas Spp. in Mono Cage Culture of
Channa Micropeltes
Vannmei Ly, Chanthol Peng, Oudam Heng and Domenico Caruso

69

EM-14-45

Analysis of Flood Characteristics Under Different Upstream Water Release Scenariosin The Prek Thnot River Basin
Sameth Chan, Ty Sok, Ilan Ich, Davin Tes, Vuthy Say, Ratboren Chan, Sophal Try andChantha Oeurng

70v

Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
EM-14-46

Environmental Impact Assessment of Air Emission from Fertilizer Utilization and Rice
Straw Burning From Rice Production in Cambodia
Leakhena Hang, Sreyneang They and Sela Kong

71

EM-14-47

Influences of Large-Scale Agricultural Residue Burning on Ambient Nanoparticles
Observed in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Leakhena Hang, Srean Aun, Muhammad Amin, Worradorn Phairuang, Chanmoly Or,
Takahiro Tabuchi, Mitsuhiko Hata and Masami Furuuchi

72

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
ESD-14-01

A Study on Vulnerability on Selected Local Government Units in the Philippines(Sapangdaku, Cebu City; Tago, Surigao Del Sur; Calatrava, Negros Occidental;
Cuaming Island, Bohol; and Badian, Cebu)
June Valientes Mata, Anne Jeline Nellas, Jay Lloyd Funtilar, Ella Daniel Nuñez
and Jan Roy Arante73

ESD-14-05

Quality of Life and Factors of Education Disparity in Ceylon Tea Cultivation Areas Living Sectors and Tea Industry in Low-Country
Yuko Fukuda and Toshihiro Hattori74

ESD-14-12

Participation of Women Farmers in Conservation Agriculture Production System;
Challenges and Perception Changes
Chantha Sam, Lyda Hok, Phanith Chou, Maria Jonse, Sreymom Sieng,
Leangsrun Chea and Sreypich Chhun

75

Infrastructural Systems (IS)IS-14-01

Impact Assessment of New Dams Construction in Nam Ngum Watershed on Electric
Generation at Num Ngum1 Dam
Koshi Yoshida, Keigo Noda, Task Kato and Keoduangchai Keokhamphui76

IS-14-02

Information Transfer Among Mango Contractors: Sources, Channels, and Priorities
Dia Noelle Velasco, Katsumori Hatanaka, Nina Shimoguchi, and Ramadhona Saville77

IS-14-03

Can the Current Reservoir Development Reduce Extreme Flow in the Flood Prone
Area in Southern Part of Phnom Penh, Cambodia?
Chanponleourothana Samrith, Ratboren Chan, Ty Sok, Davin Tes, Ilan Ich, Chantha
Oeurng, Marith Mong

78

Rural Development (RD)RD-14-01

Assessing the Acceptability and the Feasibility of An Agricultural Package ofTechnologies for Risk Management in Southern Haiti
Rival Valcin, Tomohiro Uchiyama, Katsumori Hatanaka, Yasuo Ohe,and Bénédique Paul79

RD-14-03

The Bio Circular Green Economic Model: A Case Study of Agricultural Cooperatives
in Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo

80RD-14-04

A Resource or A Toxin? Social Processes of Soil Salinization and Local Inland Salt
Production in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Fumikazu Ubukata, Hirotaka Matsuda, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, Takashi Kume
and Tadao Yamamoto81

RD-14-05

The Well-Being of People Through the Cooperatives Management: A Case Study ofBan Mankong Hin Lek Fai Cooperative Limited, Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyooa, Wiparat Sae Leeb

82

RD-14-07

Impact of Agricultural Certification for Silk Farmers in the Case of Khon Kaen
Province in Northeast Thailand
Moeka Numata, Mallika Srisutham and Aya Suzuki

83viBook of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
RD-14-09

Impact of Technology Adoption on Welfare of Rice Farmers in Cambodia
Viseth Prum, Yuchiro Amekawa, Shoichi Ito

84

RD-14-10

The Effect of Globalgap Certification on Horticulture Production in Kenya
Jane Githiga, Asres Elias and Kumi Yasunobu

85

RD-14-12

The Change of Rice Production Scale by Individual Farmers in Northeast Thailand:
An Investigation Using Household Panel Data
Yuki Toyama, Kazuki Miyatani, Asres Elias and Kumi Yasunobu

86

RD-14-13

Technical Efficiency of Potato Producers in Benguet Province, Philippines
Asres Elias, Cheryll Casiwan Launio, Kumi Yasunobu, Yuki Toyama, Birara Endalew
and Maryan J. Altaki

87

RD-14-16

Improving the Farm Business and Resilience of New Farmers: Case from A
Greenhouse Tomato Farmer in H City, Tokyo, Japan
Nina N. Shimoguchi, Rika Terano, Ramadhona Saville, Hettige Samitha Lakshan
Gunasekara and Katsumori Hatanaka88

RD-14-17

Assessing the Support for New Farmers in H City, Tokyo, Japan
Rika Terano, Nina N. Shimoguchi, Ramadhona Saville, Hettige Samitha Lakshan
Gunasekara and Katsumori Hatanaka89

RD-14-18

Potential of Small-Scale Producers for Sustainable Cassava Production in Cambodia:
An Analysis of Income Diversity of Cambodian Cassava Farmers
Kasumi Ito, Tamon Baba, Hisako Nomura, Tha Than and Srean Pao

90

RD-14-19

Challenges and Opportunities for Increasing Vegetable Production in Rural Cambodia
Kasumi Ito, Tatsuya Yoshida, Boratana Ung and Mitsuru Hamano91

RD-14-20

Household Income Diversity of Small-Scale Cassava Producers in Vietnam
Nien Chau Nguyen, Tamon Baba, Hisako Nomura and Kasumi Ito

92

RD-14-22

Agroforestry Promotion for Enhancing Resiliency of Community-Based Forest
Management Areas in the Philippines
Roberto G. Visco, Leila D. Landicho, Ma. Theresa Nemesis P. Ocampo, Rowena
Esperanza D. Cabahug, Maryanne G. Abadillos, Ma. Armie Janica P. Ramirez,
Arnold Karl A. Castillo, Russel Son Canilan and Christine Joy Manalo

93RD-14-23

Empowering Rural Farming Communities Through Capacity Development Programs:
Implications to Agricultural Extension Services
Leila D. Landicho

94RD-14-24

Reducing the Public Health and Economic Risks from Future Potential Zoonotic
Disease in Cambodia
Vathana Thun, Sopheap Phin, Chetra Sar, Sorany Em

95

RD-14-25

A Survey of Household Water Use and Groundwater Quality Assessment in A Rural
Community of Kandal Province, Cambodia
Kakada Khean, Kimlay Ngorn, Leangse Meng, Phaly Ham, Rathborey Chanand Saret Bun

96

RD-14-26

The Value Chain of Households’ Pangasius Catfish Culture in Batheay District,Kampong Cham Province
Roummenea Larch, Vanny Chhuon, Raksmey Phoeurk, Nhean Sophea, Kimchhin Sok

97

RD-14-28

Gender and Livelihood in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Case Study in the Cambodian
Floodplains in Kandal Province, South Cambodia
R Phoeurk, S Oum, K Sok, and Jp Venot

98

RD-14-30

Language Register in the Farming of Palay in Sierra Bullones and Dagohoy, Bohol
Catherine Buta Orcullo99

RD-14-31

Farmers’ Profile and Farming Engagements as Determinants of Economic Well-Being
During Covid-19 Pandemic
Ivy Corazon A., Mearie Jean A. Faustino, Mildred L. Quiza, Lloyd L. Tejano

100

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Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
RD-14-33

Sensory Qualities of Tawa-Tawa Flavored Ice CreamMarrecil Billasencio Enot

101

Abstracts of Poster Presentation
Agricultural System and Food Innovation (AG)AG-14-03

Study on Presence of Parasitic Species on Raising Cow Along Tonle Sap River
Provinces
Houn Sopheak, Wann Chinda, Sear Borin, Choy Mom, and Chhun Tory103

AG-14-07

Effect of Plant Hormone Auxins on the Growth of Hybrid Rose Tissue Culture in
Vitro
Horn Sreyleak, Ren Rithy and Chhun Tory104

AG-14-11

Effect of Different Levels of Benzyl Adenine on Banana Tissue Growth ofCavendish in Vitro
Sun Chann and Chhun Tory105

AG-14-12

Method for Producing Organic Pesticide from Bamboo and Its Effect on Insect
Elimination
Lim Srengkhai, Nong Anisa, Chhem Net, Mat Madavy, Nhebsae Osin, Thoeurn
Sreymao, Favzy Sapraeny, Sis Ahmatlampi, Phat Sophon, Ly Chhy, and Chhun Tory106

AG-14-15

Effects of Aeration and pH on the Performance of Lactic Acid Bacteria-Attached
Carbon Fiber Electrode
Narong Touch, Kota Shigetomi and Tadashi Hibino

107

AG-14-17

Changes in Soil Physical Properties Owing to Soil Reduction Treated With
Electrokinetic Treatment
Takahiko Nakamura and Narong Touch

108

AG-14-26

Discussions on Soil Characteristics in Vineyard for Vinification in TokyoAi Kurihara and Machito Mihara

109

AG-14-28

Effects of Coconut Charcoal in Soil Physical Properties and Corn (Zea Maize)
Performance
Peioneti ‘O E Halapaini Lui and Machito Mihara

110

AG-14-47

Real Color Crop Imaging for Improved Crop Status Monitoring on Cassava
Sreymey Ngoun, Wolfram Spreer, Klaus Spohrer, Sophaonrith Ro, Shamaila ZiaKhan, Pimsiri Tiyayon, Thitipat Weeplain, Joachim Müller

111

AG-14-50

Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Production in Low Land
Provinces, Cambodia
Socheata Ratha, Kong Kroesna, Chea Bunna, Kong Sokom

112

AG-14-52

Xylooligomer From Phyllostachys Pubescens By Predrolysis During Biorefining
Mouylin Chem, Hiroshi Ohi, Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi

113

AG-14-57

Quantity and Quality of Green Manure Crops Growth Under Environments in
Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand
Jutatad Rattanapong, Theerapol Plengsunti and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

114

AG-14-58

Utilization of Soil Influenced by Volcanic Rock for Vermicompost Production
Yaraphorn Puttakort, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

115

AG-14-63

Effectiveness of Washing Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Residue on Tomatoes
Channy Meng, Socheat Tong, Borarin Buntong, Vireak Choub

116

AG-14-64

Determination of Multi-Pesticide Residues in Local and Imported Tomatoes Sold in
Phnom Penh City Markets
Chivon Sam, Socheat Tong, Borarin Buntong, Vireak Choub

117

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Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
AG-14-65

Dertermination of Multi Pesticide Residue on Post Pesticides Spraying Tomato from
Kandal and Battambang Provinces
Somanita Ruon, Liza Porm, Socheat Tong, Borarin Buntong, Vireak Choub

118

AG-14-67

Processing of Ethanol from Cassava Root
Holihour Chi, Kimseng Troeung, Borarin Buntong, Sophorlkun Yim

119

AG-14-68

Morphological and Leaf Nutrients Characteristics of Different Peanut Cultivars in
Alluvial Soil Condition
Chanthin Ouk, Kim Eang Tho, Nontarak Huong, Sieng Hai Un, Srey Em Choun,
Theary Leng, Penghaing Ly, Thy Yorn, Savry Poeng, Chhunly Chhoy, Kimvai Hongand Kosal Chet120

AG-14-69

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Organic Fertilizer from Mango Waste on Growth andYield of Water Spinach Under Net House Conditions
Nguyen Khoi Nghia, Truong Ngoc Da, Nguyen Huu Thien

121

AG-14-70

Effect of Dry Brewery Residue on the Growth of Local Chicken (Gallus Domesticus)
Bunhoa Uk and Tory Chhun

122

AG-14-71

Optimum Yeast Amount for Ethanol Production
Sophorlkun Yim, Holihour Chi, Kimseng Troeung, and Borarin Buntong

123

Environmental Management (EM)EM-14-03

Physical Structure Assessment of Rivers Used by Grazing Livestock
Yuri Yamazaki

124

EM-14-04

Considering Environmental Standards Based on Soils and Water Quality in the
Biotopes Around Urban Areas in Japan
Madoka Kurotaki and Machito Mihara

125

EM-14-09

A Pro-Active Response to A Disaster Incident: The Sibonga, Cebu Case
Arante Jan Roy, Suico Annavie, Zanoria Huberto

126

EM-14-10

Twin Lakes Eco-Tourism: A Case study on People-managed Projects in thePhilippines
Nuñez Ella Marie, Arante Jan Roy and Zanoria Huberto

127

EM-14-12

Urban-Rural Synergy Improvement Through the Ecosystem Services of the BlueGreen Infrastructure in Greater Tokyo Area
Ivana Angelova

128

EM-14-15

Investigation of Water Purification Ability of Patinopecten Yessoensis Shells
Inoculating Effective Microorganisms
Kosei Moroishi and Machito Mihara

129

EM-14-16

Use of Remote Sensing in Estimating Water Resources Potential in Data Scarce
RegionLameck Fiwa, Sarvesh Maskey, Ke Zhang, Ayako Sekiyama, Tamano Hayashi
and Hiromu Okazawa

130

EM-14-21

Effect of Different Soil Amendments on Some Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of
Calotropis Gigantea Grown Under Salinity Conditions
Mallika Srisutham, Anan Polthanee, Thanyaluck Nonthasri, Supranee Sritumboon,
Koshi Yoshida, Wariya Mitta and Masaru Mizoguchi

131

EM-14-24

Evaluation of the Effect of AWD on the Growth of Paddy Rice Plant Height Using A
Logistic Model
Kiseki Kurashina, Sarvesh Maskey, Dickson M. Mazibuko, Hiromu Okazawa

132

EM-14-25

Effect of Nurtients in Treated Sewage Water on Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkia)
Cultivation
Wakasugi Kazuha,Sarvesh Maskey, Kouji Takeda, and Hiromuu Okazawa

133

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Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023
EM-14-27

Development of Indexes to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Low Water Level Control in
Irrigation Ponds -A Case Study of Irrigation Ponds in Tottori, Japan
Ryo Harasawa, Katsuyuki Shimizu, and Yuri Yamazaki134

EM-14-28

Ecosystem Carbon Stock Assessment in Upland Forest: Case Study in Koh Kong,
Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear and Siem Reap Province
Soben Kim, Sarun Horn, Pheak Sok, Theamhy Sien, and Chomroeun Yorn

135

EM-14-48

Monitoring of Microplastics in Different Soil Ecosystems
Laddawan Upakhot, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

136

EM-14-49

Using Vermifiltration Combined with Biochar for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Saranya Seetasang, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

137

EM-14-50

Vermicomposting Under Different Organic Materials with the Chromium
Contaminated Soil
Seksan Kamlamoon and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

138

EM-14-51

Cassava Waste Recycling to Produce Quality Vermicompost
Supawadee Ruangjanda and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

139

EM-14-52

Impact of Chlorpyrifos on Pycnoporus Sanguineus (Nuol-Pkk02) and on Its Possible
Antagonistic Activity Against Fusarium Wilt of Banana Under in Vitro Conditions
Nuttaya Xasydavong, Phoutthasone Sibounnavong, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

140

EM-14-53

Impact Evaluation of Climate Change on Disaster Risk of Forested Watershed River in
Snowy Regions Using Swat+
Shotaro Kikuchi, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiromu Okazawa, Sergio Azael May Cuevas,
Makoto Oba, Shogo Nakamura, Seiji Hayashi

141

EM-14-58

Greenhouse Gas Emission During Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes Under the
Effect of Biochar
Kamolpat Nutpiren and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

142

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
ESD-14-03

Educational Material Research on the Color of Crayfish for Conversion to Edible
Resources
Higuchi Saki, Ono Honami, Honada Hiroaki, Maskey Sarvesh, Kurosawa Akira,Suzuki Toshihiro, Takahashi Nobuyuki, Okazawa Hiromu and Takeda Kouji

143

ESD-14-04

Identifying the Japanese Foreign Technical Intern and Training Program (Titp) in the
Agriculture Sector and Its Outstanding Training Models, Case Study of Indonesia
Fadhilla Izzaty Syaukat, Katsumori Hatanaka, Nina N. Shimoguchi and Ramadhona
Saville144

ESD-14-07

Agriculture 4.0: An Overview of Concept, Tendencies and Policy Implications in
Cambodia
Mardy Serey145

ESD-14-13

What Do Iranian Agricultural Experts Think About the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)?
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari, Moheb Ghasemi, Siniša Berjan, Hamid El Bilali

146

Infrastructural Systems (IS)IS-14-04

Verification of Optimum Flying Conditions for Uav Photogrammetry in Structural
Assessment of Hydro-Structural Infrastructures
Sarvesh Maskey, Hiyori Iseki, Kiseki Kurashina, Ke Zhang and Hiromu Okazawa

x147

Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023

Rural Development (RD)RD-14-11

The Current Situation of Farmers’ Custom on Rice Seed Use in Cambodia: An
Exploratory Study Using the Micro Data of Farmers in Takeo Province
Yuki Toyama, Asres Elias and Kumi Yasunobu

148

RD-14-14

Brand Community, Brand Love, and Word of Mouth: A Case of Traditional Thai
TextileWijittra Aunkaeo, Anon Khamwon, Mallika Srisutham

149

RD-14-15

Consumer Behavior Towards Ethical Bananas in Japan
Mei Matsumoto and Nina N. Shimoguchi

150

RD-14-29

Needs for Agricultural Extension on Buffalo Raising of Farmers Around Kaeng Lawa
Reservoir Wetland, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
Patcharaporn Phumchantuk, Machito Mihara and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

151

RD-14-32

Assessing Consumer Behavior Towards Vegetable Consumption Among Households
in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Socheat Srann, Lyda Hok and Leangsrun Chea152

RD-14-35

Food Security in the Context of the War in Ukraine: Case of North Africa
Tarek Ben Hassen, Sinisa Berjan, Hamid El Bilali

153

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Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023

Abstracts of RCE Special Session
AG-14-61

Building Capacity of Farm Owners for Promotion of Organic Farming in Southern
VietnamThi Hoa Pham, Nhat Truong Hoang and Thi Ngoc Diep Tran155

ESD-14-09

Aligning Circular Economy with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Built
Environment
Usha Iyer-Raniga and Olivia Ho

156

ESD-14-10

5Rs (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Re-purpose) Campaign: Mechanism for
Sustainable Waste Management
Sherrymina Kichin, Francesca Enchang, Ida Ingko, Joseph Pudun, Agnes Toner,
Pei Sia Sung, Mukvinder Sandhu, Azizan Yatim and Dorothy Dzrandimay157

ESD-14-11

Regional Centres of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development (RCE)
Miki Konishi

158

RD-14-34

Bamboo Production, Rehabilitation and Processing: Sources of Food, Livelihood andEnvironmental Protection
Batin Charlie, Stanley C. Mala and John Paul E. Felip

159

Abstracts of k.LAB Special Session
EM-14-55

Utilization of K.LAB Data Base Functions for Hydrological and Crop Growth Model
Development
Sarvesh Maskey, Ke Zhang, Hiromu Okazawa and Kiichiro Hayashi

161

EM-14-56

Introduction of a Model for Evaluating the Potential of Small Hydropower Generation
in k.LAB
Yuri Yamazaki, Kiichiro Hayashi, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiromu Okazawa
and Feldinando Villa

162

EM-14-57

ARIES Customized Model for Energy and Environmental Assessment
Kiichiro Hayashi, Ferdinando VIlla, Hiromo Okazawa and Stefano Balbi

163

xii

Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023

Managing Committee &Chairmanship14th ICERD

Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023

Managing Committee and ChairmanshipManaging Committee
President of ISERD

Prof. Dr. Mario T. Tabucanon

Deputy Presidents of ISERD

Prof. Dr. Bunthan Ngo, Prof. Dr. Anan Polthani, Prof. Dr. Eiji Yamaji

Chair of Organizing Committee

Prof. Dr. Bunthan Ngo

Chair of Steering Committee

Dr. Borarin Buntong

Chair of Scientific Committee

Prof. Dr. Machito Mihara

Chair of Awarding Committee

Prof. Dr. Eiji Yamaji

Chairmanship of Oral Presentation
Room 1
Session 1: Water Management

Session 2: Soil Science

Session 3: Agricultural
Production

Chair

Dr. Ivan Minchev

Dr. Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

Prof. Dr. Dieter Trautz

Co-Chair

Mr. Lytour Lor

Dr. Sophornarith Ro

Dr. Samnang Ngoun

Room 2
Session 1: Food Innovation

Session 2: Food Innovation

Session 3: Soil Science

Chair

Prof. Dr. Mom Seng

Dr. Rithy Chrun

Dr. Narong Touch

Co-ChairDr. Lalita Siriwattananon

Dr. Hiroyuki Hattori

Dr. Minh Phuong Nguyen

Session 1: Energy and Water
Treatment

Session 2: Soil Conservation

Session 3: Water Environment

Chair

Prof. Dr. Masami Furuuchi

Prof. Dr. Barry N. Noller

Dr. Jeeranuch Sakkhamduang

Co-ChairDr. Yuri Yamazaki

Dr. Tory Chhun

Dr. Kasumi Ito

Session 2: Rural Development

Session 3: Rural Development

Room 3

Room 4
Session 1: GIS and
Environment
Chair

Dr. Sanara Hor

Prof. Dr. Eiji Yamaji

Dr. Sinisa Berjan

Co-ChairDr. Sarvesh Maskey

Dr. Anucha WittayakornPuripunpinyoo

Dr. Mardy Serey

Session 1: Rural Development

Session 2: Rural Development

Chair

Prof. Dr. Fumikazu Ubukata

Prof. Dr. Kiichiro Hayashi

Co-ChairDr. Kimchin Sok

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tadao
Yamamoto

Room 5xii

Book of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023

Chairmanship of Poster Presentation
Chair for Poster Presentation: Prof. Dr. Dieter Trautz

Agricultural System and Food Innovation
Co-chairs

Dr. Kim Eng Tho
Dr. Leila D. Landicho
Mr. Socheath Tong

Dr. Junya Singkham
Dr. Mouylin Chem

Environmental Management
Co-chairs

Ms. Lorraine Cristy E. Ceniza
Dr. Chau Nien Nguyen
Dr. Dyna Theng

Dr. Kumi Yasunobu
Mr. Nareth Nut

Infrastructural Systems/ Education for Sustainable Development
Co-chairs

Dr. Sinisa Berjan
Dr. Tetsuya Shimamura
Dr. Muy Leang Kim

Rural Development
Co-chairs

Dr. Nghia Khoi Nguyen
Dr. Yuko Fukuda
Dr. Chalermsak ToomhirunxiiiBook of Abstracts – The 14th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2023

Program of the 14th ICERD
Friday, March 3rd 2023
14:00 – 16:00 Steering Committee Meeting
14:00 – 17:00 Participants Registration at Angkor Paradise Hotel
16:00 – 17:00 Final Organizing Committee Meeting (OCM) of 14th ICERD with ISERD Councilors
17:00 – 18:00 Welcome Reception at Angkor Paradise Hotel

Saturday, March 4th 2023
Part I: Participants Registration
7:00 – 8:00 AM Registration
Part II: Opening Program (8:00 – 10:00 AM)
Opening Remarks from Distinguished Guests- Opening Remarks by Professor Dr. Bunthan Ngo, Rector at Royal University ofAgriculture, Cambodia- Opening Remarks by Dr. Wenting Xu, Co-Director of Chinese Learning Center, RUAHNU- Opening Remarks by Dr. Shetty Seetharama Thombathu of CapFish Project, United
Nations Industrial Development Organization- Opening Remarks by Representative of EU- Welcome Messages from ISERD- Welcome Remarks by Professor Dr. Mario T. Tabucanon, President of ISERD- Message from ISERD Councilors by Professor Dr. Machito Mihara- Introduction from ISERD Awards Committees by Professor Dr. Eiji Yamaji- Acknowledgement and Introduction of Scientific Session by Dr. Buntong Borarin
Keynote Presentation- Keynote presentation by Dr. Vang Seng, Director-Department of Agricultural Land
Resources Management, GDA, MAFF Cambodia
Part III: Scientific Presentation
10:00 – 10:30: Poster Presentation and Coffee Break
10:30 – 12:30: Oral Presentation – Session 1
12:30 – 13:30: Lunch Break and Poster Presentation
13:30 – 15:30: Oral Presentation – Session 2
15:30 – 16:00: Poster Presentation and Coffee Break
16:00 – 18:00: Oral Presentation – Session 3
18:00 – 20:30: Banquet and Awarding Ceremony

Sunday, March 5th 2023
7:30 – 16:00 Excursion
Option 1: Archeological Park
Option 2: Tonle Sap Lake
Option 3: Agricultural Communityxiv

Scientific Presentationof the 14th ICERD

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Oral Presentations
Room 1 – Ballroom
Session 1: Water Management
10:30 – 12:30
Chair: Dr. Ivan Minchev
Co-Chair : Mr. Lytour Lor
10:30 – 10:45

AG-14-02

Simple Weir Types and Their Prospects for
Small-Scale Irrigation Development inNorthern Zambia
Alex Lushikanda Kabwe, Masahiro Hyodo,
Hidehiko Ogata, Yoshihiro Sagawa, Yoshinao
Adachi and Masayuki Ishi

p. 2

10:45 – 11:00

AG-14-40

Impact of Drip Irrigation System on
Planning and Management of Water
Delivery in A Large-Scale Irrigation
Scheme, Morocco
Dayyabu Muhammad Zaharaddeen,
Katsuvuki Shimizu, Yuri Yamazaki, Vinay
Nangia, Anas Mansouri. Mohamed Belaarabi,
and Lahcen Ousstous

p. 27

11:00 – 11:15

AG-14-05

Development of a Simple-Concept Water
Allocation Model at the Farm-Block-Level
for Efficient Water Management
Naohisa Nakashima and Testuro Fukuda

p. 4

11:15 – 11:30

AG-14-06

Clarification of Water Use Under theComplicated Irrigation System and Its
Modeling in the Boribo-Bamnak River
Basin, Cambodia
Salpisak Heng, Yamamoto Tadao and Inoue
Takaship. 5

11:30 – 11:45

AG-14-22

p. 15

11:45 – 12:00

AG-14-66

Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of
Selected Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)
Cultivars Under Net House Condition
Kimmouy Meng, Kim Eang Tho, Raby Ngetand Siranet Roeunp. 44

12:00 – 12:15

EM-14-30

Effect of Drought Application on Flower,
Yield and Leaf Mineral Content of Durian(Cv. Monthong) in Cambodia
Sophal Var, Sreymom Sao, Sovathai Thea,
Kim Khuy Khun, Kim Eang Tho, Sarom Men
and Hong Cheang
Drought Threshold and Drought
Monitoring Using Google Earth Engine in
Prek Thnot River Basin
Kimsor Ol, Ty Sok, Kimsan Chan, Ilan Ich,
Ratboren Chan and Chantha Oeurng

p. 59

xv

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 1 – Ballroom
Session 2: Soil Science
13:30 – 15:30
Chair: Dr. Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Co-Chair : Dr. Sophornarith Ro
13:30 – 13:45

AG-14-13

The Effects of Green Manures on
Sustainable Agriculture Soil Conservation
Under Field Experiment in NMU
Mala Suon, Sopheak Tith, Thangrak Veu,
Pisidh Voe, Socheat Ngy, Chhouk Chheang

p. 9

13:45 – 14:00

AG-14-01

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil HealthIndicators in Corn Silage Production in a
Semi-Arid Environment
Phearen Miller, Jeanette Norton, Grant
Cardon, Scott B. Jones, Jennifer MacAdam,
Matt Yost, Avneet Kakkar, and Yang Ouyang

p. 1

14:00 – 14:15

AG-14-62

p. 41

14:15 – 14:30

AG-14-23

Effect of Different Foliar Potassium Source
on Fruit Set and Yield of Durian (Cv.
Monthong) in Cambodia
Sophal Var, Sreymom Sao, Kim Khuy Khun,
Kimeang Tho, Sarom Men and Hong Cheang

p. 16

14:30 – 14:45

AG-14-08

Agronomic Characteristic of Chinese
Cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis L. Rupr.)
Production in Rainy Season at Lowland
Area of Cambodia
Tithya Kang, Nimul Chun, Sophoanrith Ro,
Borarin Buntong, Kimchhin Sok, Siranet
Roeurn, Chhun Hong, Chenda Loeng and
Chettra Some
Making of the First Organic State in the
World
Alka Parikh

p. 6

14:45 – 15:00

AG-14-16

Reuse of Unavailable Phosphate in Soils
Using Solar Cell-Powered Electrokinetic
Treatment
Narong Touch and Takahiko Nakamura

p. 11

15:00 – 15:15

AG-14-24

Isolation and Selection of Potassium
Solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizopheric
Soils in Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam
Nguyen Khoi Nghia, Vo Duyen Thao Vy, Le
Ngoc Anh, Tran Thi Ngoc Binh and Le Thi Xa

p. 17

15:15 – 15:30

AG-14-31

Effect of Potassium on Growth and Yield of
Guava (Psidium guajava. L) cv. Kim Ju
Sreymom Sao, Hong Cheang, Kimhong Keo,Sophal Var and Korng Pov

p. 20

xvi

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 1 – Ballroom
Session 3: Agricultural Production
16:00 – 18:00
Chair: Prof. Dr. Dieter Trautz
Co-Chair : Dr. Samnang Ngoun

16:00 – 16:15

AG-14-20

Cotton Mutation Breeding using Ion-Beam
Chhun Tory, El Ney Im, Hong Navin, Hol
Sokkin, Song Sreyleak, Hayashi Yoriko, and
Abe Tomoko

p. 13

16:15 – 16:30

AG-14-27

Experiment on Smart Mushroom
Cultivation Using the Environmental
Control System
Chanreng Sey Nhim, Nita Chek, ChanthanHel, and Rothna Pec

p. 18

16:30 – 16:45

AG-14-29

The Efficiency of No-Till Transplanter Use
in Conservation Agriculture Tomato(Solanum Lycopersicum) Production in
Battambang Province, Cambodia
Sokleng Mang, Lyhour Hin, Hong Cheang,
Sophoanrith Ro, Manuel R. Rayes
and Chan Makara Mean

p. 19

16:45 – 17:00

AG-14-04

Effect of Pollination by the Apis Mellifera
on Yield and Fruit Productivity Quality ofGreenhouse Produced Sweet Net Melon in
Cambodia
Chhouk Chheang and Sopheak Tithp. 3

17:00 – 17:15

AG-14-33

On-Farm Evaluation of Peanut (Arachis
Hypogaea) Varieties in Different
Agroecosystems
Thy Yorn, Kim Eang Tho, Sophoanrith Ro,
Siranet Roeurn, Chanthin Ouk,and Penghaing Ly

p. 22

17:15 – 17:30

EM-14-08

Factors Influencing and Limiting
Contribution of Grape Farming to the
Improvement of Livelihood of Grape
Farmers in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
Mohammad Mirwais Yusufi
and Machito Mihara

p. 47

17:30 – 17:45

AG-14-36

Field Evaluation of Different Peanut
Cultivars for Agronomic Yield Parameters,
Pest and Disease Infestations
Leng Theary, Tho Kimeang, Orn Chhourn,
Rin Soriya, Ouk Chanthin and Ly Penghaing

p. 24

17:45 – 18:00

AG-14-21

Effect of Different Levels of 15-15-15
Fertilizer on the Growth and Flowering of
Wingpod Purslane (Portulaca umbraticola)
Lim Srengkhai, Nong Anisa, Nhebsae Osin,
Chhem Net, Mat Madavy, Thoeurn Sreymao,
Favzy Sapraeny, Sis Ahmatlampi,
Phat Sophon, Ly Chhy, and Chhun Tory

p. 14

xvii

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 2 – KULEN Room
Session 1: Food Innovation
10:30 – 12:30
Chair: Prof. Dr. Mom Seng
Co-Chair : Dr. Lalita Siriwattananon
10:30 – 10:45

AG-14-09

Improvements in Preservation Properties
for Homemade-Style Pickled Cucumber in
Cambodia
Sokly Sorm, Shuki Muramatsu, Masataka
Uchino, Yoshiki Muramatsu, Daiki Oka,Narong Touch, Yuri Tanikoka, TakahikoNakamura, Toru Nakajima, Motoe Sekido,
Shotaro Kawakami, Chim Chay, Mari
Arimitsu and Machito Mihara

p. 7

10:45 – 11:00

EM-14-44

Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli andAeromonas Spp. in Mono Cage Culture of
Channa Micropeltes
Vannmei Ly, Chanthol Peng, Oudam Heng
and Domenico Carusp. 69

11:00 – 11:15

AG-14-59

Evaluation of the Effect of Lactic Acid
Bacteria on Histamine-Producing Bacteria
Isolated from Cambodian PrahokSamoeun Dana, Top Sothalong, Buntong
Borarin, Chhe Chinda, Chrun Rithyp. 39

11:15 – 11:30

AG-14-51

Nutritional Evaluation and Physiochemical
Properties of Cambodian Planchonella
Obovata Products
Sothea Kong, Chim Chay, Hiroyuki Hattori,
Samnang Nguon and Kasumi Ito

p. 34

11:30 – 11:45

AG-14-53

Identification and Characterization of
Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from
Fermented Products (Nem Sbak Chrouk) in
Battambang Province
Chiva Ma, Chanthol Peng, Channeath Tep
and Oudam Heng

p. 35

11:45 – 12:00

AG-14-54

Determination of Histamine Level and Its
Correlation with Bacteria Viable Count in
Cambodian Fermented Fish
Lengheang Choeng, Chanthol Peng,
Leangey Set and Seyha Doeurn

p. 36

12:00 – 12:15

AG-14-49

Isolation and Identification of a Compoundfrom Melaleuca Extract and Its Bioactivites
Ravor Seng, Akane Kuroki, Fumie
Nanashima, Takahiro Shibata and Hiroyuki
Hattori

p. 33

12:15 – 12:30

AG-14-56

Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of
Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from
Fermented Foods Against Escherichia Coli
O157:H7, Proteus Penneri and Their
Potential for Starter Culture
Sineth Chev, Siveng Meng, Borarin Buntong,
Chinda Chhe, and Rithy Chrun

p. 38

xviii

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 2 – KULEN Room
Session 2: Food Innovation
13:30 – 15:30
Chair: Dr. Rithy Chrun
Co-Chair : Dr. Hiroyuki Hattori
13:30 – 13:45

EM-14-39

Selection and Optimization Preparation
Conditions of Various Raw Materials for
Inoculation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Under
Ambient Temperature
Chanthang Chin, Solida Sim, Ratboren Chan,
Saret Bun, Vireak Met, Kimeng Sou, Phaly
Ham, Chanthol Peng and Rathborey Chanp. 65

13:45 – 14:00

AG-14-55

Effectiveness of Different Washing Solution
for Bacterial Removal from Lettuce
Collected from Market in Phnom Penh
Panhavatey Sokhom, Chanthol Peng
and Oudam Hengp. 37

14:00 – 14:15

AG-14-60

Assessment of Secondary School Students’
Knowledge and Perception through thetraining of nutrition-based wild food plantgardening
Sreypich Chhun, Lyda Hok, Phanith Chou,David Ader, Leangsrun Chea
and Chantha Sam

p. 40

14:15 – 14:30

AG-14-41

A Value Chain Analysis of the Cashew
Sector in Kampong Cham Province
Sodara Mean and Vathana Thunp. 28

14:30 – 14:45

AG-14-39

An Exploratory Study on the Consumptionof Planchonella Obovata Fruit Throughout
Cambodia
Sothea Kong, Samnang Nguon,
Hiroyuki Hattori and Kasumi Ito

p. 26

14:45 – 15:00

RD-14-33

Sensory Qualities of Tawa-Tawa Flavored
Ice Cream
Marrecil Billasencio Enot

p. 101

15:00 – 15:15

AG-14-14

Prevalence of Aflatoxins in Different
Peanut Products from Various Markets in
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Sieng Hai Un, Kim Eang Tho, Pichmony Ek,
and Rathna Hor

p. 10

xix

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 2 – KULEN Room
Session 3: Soil Science
16:00 – 18:00
Chair: Dr. Narong Touch
Co-chair : Dr. Minh Phuong Nguyen
16:00 – 16:15

EM-14-19

Growth and Mineral Uptake of Moringa
oleifera Lam. in Low-Permeability Soils at
Different Salinity Levels
Takashi Kume, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai,
Tetsuya Shimamura and Shinsuke Haruta

p. 52

16:15 – 16:30

RD-14-04

A Resource or A Toxin? Social Processes ofSoil Salinization and Local Inland Salt
Production in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Fumikazu Ubukata, Hirotaka Matsuda,
Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, Takashi Kume
and Tadao Yamamoto

p. 81

16:30 – 16:45

EM-14-42

A Comparison of Organic Matter
Dynamics Among Degraded, Dam Restored
and Preserved Peat Swamp Forest
Tetsuya Shimamura, Rie Neishi, Erna S.
Poesie, Kuniyasu Momose, Ikuo Ninomiya
and Swido H. Liminp. 67

16:45 – 17:00

AG-14-42

Effect of Swine Slurry and Chemical
Fertilizers on Soil Enzyme Activities
Moeurb Ang, Hong Cheang, Dyna Theng,
Nareth Nut, Lytour Lor
and Kasuni H.H Gamagep. 29

17:00 – 17:15

EM-14-20

Influence of Native Trees on Soil Fertility in
the Rainforestation Site in Mailhi, Baybay
City, Leyte, Philippines
Lorraine Cristy E. Ceniza, Jimmy O. Pogosa,
Marlito M. Bande and Victor B. Asio

p. 53

17:15 – 17:30

AG-14-10

Determine Azadirachtin Contents in Neem
Leaves Collected From Different Soil Types
Srey Em Chuon, Rithy Chrun, Kim Eang Tho
and Chanthin Ouk

p. 8

17:30 – 17:45

AG-14-45

Conditions of Bio-Slurry Application in
Crop Production for Household Farmers in
Kampong Cham Province
Chan Makara Mean, Lyhour Hin,
Sophoanrith Ro, Nareth Nut, Lytour Lor

p. 31

17:45 – 18:00

AG-14-34

Review on Causes, Effects andManagement of Soil Salinity on Irrigated
Rice Fields in Tanzania
Jimmy Felix Macha and Machito Mihara

p. 23

xx

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 3 – Paradise Lounge
Session 1: Energy and Water Treatment
10:30 – 12:30
Chair: Prof. Dr. Masami Furuuchi
Co-Chair : Dr. Yuri Yamazaki
10:30 – 10:45

EM-14-33

Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on
Removal of Pollutants in Anaerobic Baffle
Reactor and Anaerobic Filter Treating
Medium Strength Domestic Wastewater
Kimeng Sou, Borith Pang, Sotheara Hour,
Sreyleak Khorn, Chanmonineth Sreng,
Rathborey Chan, Phaly Ham, and Saret Bun

p. 59

10:45 – 11:00

EM-14-34

Comparison Removal Performance ofConventional Septic Tank and Imhoff Tank
in Treating Medium-Strength Domestic
Wastewater
Sokmean San, Saret Bun, Chanthang Chin,
Kimeng Sou, Borith Pang, Phaly Ham
and Rathborey Chanp. 60

11:00 – 11:15

AG-14-37

Crop Growth Model for Hydroponic
Cultivation of Solanum Lycopersicum(Tomato) in Semi-Automated Systems
Antonio Perez Fuentes, Sarvesh Maskey,
Hiromu Okazawa, Takahiko Nakamura,Ayako Sekiyama and Dickson M. Mazibuko

p. 25

11:15 – 11:30

EM-14-37

Attributing Variation of Spatio-Temporalof Groundwater Level and Recharge in
Cambodian Mekong Delta
Penglong Koun, Ty Sok, Ilan Ich, Kimsan
Chann, Sameth Chan and Chantha Oeurng

p. 63

11:30 – 11:45

EM-14-40

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Volatile
Organic Compound (VOC) by Using
Coated Titanium Dioxide in Plastic Media
Carry in Immobilized Annular Tube
Reactor
Sakada Yem, Rathborey Chan, Saret Bun andPhaly Ham

p. 66

xxi

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 3 – Paradise Lounge
Session 2: Soil Conservation
13:30 – 15:30
Chair: Prof. Dr. Barry N. Noller
Co-Chair : Dr. Tory Chhun
13:30 – 13:45

AG-14-46

Effects of Salinity Gradient on Soil
Properties: A Survey Study on SalineAffected Soils in the Coastal Areas ofVietnamese Mekong Delta
Minh Phuong Nguyen, Minh Khoi Chau, Van
Dung Tran, Huynh Khanh Tran, Thi Kieu
Loan Huynh, Dang Khanh Duy Le
and Chi Cong Nguyen

p. 32

13:45 – 14:00

EM-14-38

Estimation of Soil Erosion Using RUSLE
Model and GIS in Rotanak Mondol
District, Battambang Province, Cambodia
Viream Rorng, Nareth Nut, Sakdanuphol
Chan, Dyna Theng and Machito Mihara

p. 64

14:00 – 14:15

AG-14-32

Evaluation of Soil Erosion Risk from
Weathering Effects on K Factor of Rusle in
Cobija, Bolivian Amazonia
Juan Uego Perez and Machito Mihara

p. 21

14:15 – 14:30

EM-14-06

Prediction of Land Use Change Using CaMarkov Model: A Case Study in the
Sangkae River Basin, Cambodia
Chey Vanna, Yamamoto Tadao
and Inoue Takashi

p. 45

14:30 – 14:45

EM-14-05

Development of erosion protection zones in
the catchment of the reservoir “Kalimanci”
Ivan Minchev, Ivan Blinkov, Aleksandar
Trendafilov and Bozhin Trendafilov

p. 44

14:45 – 15:00

EM-14-36

Impacts of Land Use/Land Cover on Soil
Erosion in Stung Sangkae Catchment using
APEX Model
Sakdanuphol Chan, Sokphalratanak Phem,
Nareth Nut and Machito Mihara

p. 62

15:00 – 15:15

EM-14-35

Implementation of Land Use and Land
Cover LULC 2020-ESRI Global Map to
Estimate Soil Erosion in Stung Sangkae
Catchment, Cambodia
Sakdanuphol Chan, Nareth Nut, Kakada
Sourng, Dyna Theng, and Machito Mihara

p. 61

xxii

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 3 – Paradise Lounge
Session 3: Water Environment
16:00 – 18:00
Chair: Dr. Jeeranuch Sakkhamduang
Co-Chair : Dr. Kasumi Ito
16:00 – 16:15

EM-14-32

Surface Water Quality Characteristics in
9C Region of the Mekong River
Sophanny Phan, Ty Sok, Veasna Ly, Sreyluch
Phal, Kimsan Chan, Vinhteang Kaing
and Chantha Oeurng

p. 58

16:15 – 16:30

EM-14-14

Origin of Heavy Metals Pollution in
Cheung Ek Lake
Somara Oum, Narong Touchand Machito Mihara

p. 49

16:30 – 16:45

EM-14-13

Characterizing Salinity and Identifying the
Significance of Salinity Composition on
River Chemistry and Ecosystem Health
Fiona H.M. Henderson and Barry N. Noller

p. 48

16:45 – 17:00

EM-14-22

Nitrogen Removal from Mining Dewateringand Fate of Water Release to A River
Barry N. Noller

p. 53

17:00 – 17:15

EM-14-17

National Versus Local Climatic Variability
and Implication for Communities inProtected Areas: The Cause of Lake
Malawi National Park
Mazibuko Dickson, Lameck Fiwa,
Sarvesh Maskey and Hiromu Okazawa

p. 50

17:00 – 17:15

EM-14-31

Watershed Health Condition Linkage with
Anthropogenic at Tropical Watershed
Scale
Sreyluch Phal, Ty Sok, Sotheanea Khe,
Kimsan Chan, Sophanny Phan, Veasna Ly
and Chantha Oeurng

p. 57

xxiii

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 4 – Cosy Room
Session 1: GIS and Environment
10:30 – 12:30
Chair: Dr. Sanara Hor
Co-Chair : Dr. Sarvesh Maskey
10:30 – 10:45

EM-14-43

Evaluation of Different Satellite Image
Products with Ground Data in Estimation
Sediment Transport in Latest Tonle Sap
Lake Tributary
Veasna Ly, Ty Sok, Sophanny Phan, Sreyluch
Phal, Kimsan Chan, Ratboren Chanand Chantha Oeurng

p. 68

10:45 – 11:00

AG-14-44

Comparison of Vegetation Indices Between
NDVI and RGB Images in Rice Paddies
Using UAV Imagery
Muyleang Kim, Ke Zhang, Sarvesh Maskey,
Ayako Sekiyama, Naomasa Suzuki
and Hiromu Okazawa

p. 30

11:00 – 11:15

EM-14-07

Assessment of Windspeed Reduction
Efficiency of Tree Windbreaks Systems
Using Remote Sensing in Ovche Pole,
Macedonia
Ognen Onchevski, Ivan Minchev
and Machito Mihara

p. 46

11:15 – 11:30

EM-14-46

Environmental Impact Assessment of Air
Emission from Fertilizer Utilization andRice Straw Burning from Rice Production
in Cambodia
Leakhena Hang, Sreyneang Theyand Sela Kong

p. 71

11:30 – 11:45

EM-14-47

Influences of Large-Scale Agricultural
Residue Burning on Ambient Nanoparticles
Observed in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Leakhena Hang, Srean Aun, Muhammad
Amin, Worradorn Phairuang, Chanmoly Or,
Takahiro Tabuchi, Mitsuhiko Hata andMasami Furuuchi

p. 72

11:45 – 12:00

EM-14-02

Global and Regional Aspects of Climate
ChangeDieter Trautz

p. 43

12:00 – 12:15

EM-14-18

Vegetation Description on Regenerative
Disturbed Landscape at Lower Slope ofForest Reserve At Visayas State University
Florante T. Sabejon and Justino M. Quimio

p. 51

xxiv

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 4 – Cosy Room
Session 2: Rural Development
13:30 – 15:30
Chair: Prof. Dr. Eiji Yamaji
Co-chair : Dr. Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo
13:30 – 13:45

ESD-14-05

Factors of Education Disparity in Ceylon
Tea Cultivation Areas - Residential Sectors
and Tea Industry in Low-country, Sri
Lanka
Yuko Fukuda and Toshihiro Hattori

p. 74

13:45 – 14:00

ESD-14-01

A Study on Vulnerability on Selected Local
Government Units in the Philippines(Sapangdaku, Cebu City; Tago, Surigao
Del Sur; Calatrava, Negros Occidental;
Cuaming Island, Bohol; and Badian, Cebu)
June Valientes Mata, Anne Jeline Nellas, Jay
Lloyd Funtilar, Ella Daniel Nuñez,
and Jan Roy Arante

p. 73

14:00 – 14:15

ESD-14-12

Participation of Women Farmers inConservation Agriculture Production
System; Challenges and Perception
Changes
Chantha Sam, Lyda Hok, Phanith Chou,
Maria Jonse, Sreymom Sieng,
Leangsrun Chea and Sreypich Chhun

p. 75

14:15 – 14:30

IS-14-03

Can the Current Reservoir Development
Reduce Extreme Flow in the Flood Prone
Area in Southern Part of Phnom Penh,
Cambodia?
Chanponleourothana Samrith,
Ratboren Chan, Ty Sok, Davin Tes, Ilan Ich,
Chantha Oeurng and Marith Mong

p. 78

14:30 – 14:45

IS-14-01

Impact Assessment of New Dams
Construction in Nam Ngum Watershed on
Electric Generation at Num Ngum1 Dam
Koshi Yoshida, Keigo Noda, Task Katoand Keoduangchai Keokhamphui

p. 76

14:45 – 15:00

EM-14-45

Analysis of Flood Characteristics Under
Different Upstream Water Release
Scenarios in the Prek Thnot River Basin
Sameth Chan, Ty Sok, Ilan Ich, Davin Tes,
Vuthy Say, Ratboren Chan, Sophal Try
and Chantha Oeurng

p. 70

15:00 – 15:15

EM-14-29

Assessment of Socio-Economic Damage
Due to Flood Events at the Southern Part ofPhnom Penh Capital City, Cambodia
Chanbora Kao, Ty Sok, Sophearum Phy,
Sophal Try, Ratboren Chan, Ilan Ich
and Chantha Oeurng

p. 55

xxv

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 4 – Cosy Room
Session 3: Rural Development
16:00 – 18:00
Chair: Dr. Sinisa Berjan
Co-chair : Dr. Mardy Serey
16:00 – 16:15

RD-14-03

The Bio Circular Green Economic Model:
A Case Study of Agricultural Cooperatives
in Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo

p. 80

16:15 – 16:30

RD-14-07

Impact of Agricultural Certification for
Silk Farmers in the Case of Khon Kaen
Province in Northeast Thailand
Moeka Numata, Mallika Srisuthamand Aya Suzuki

p. 83

16:30 – 16:45

RD-14-05

The Well-Being of People Through the
Cooperatives Management: A Case Studyof Ban Mankong Hin Lek Fai Cooperative
Limited, Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyooa
and Wiparat Sae Lee

p. 82

16:45 – 17:00

RD-14-10

The Effect of Globalgap Certification on
Horticulture Production in Kenya
Jane Githiga, Asres Elias and Kumi Yasunobu

p. 85

17:00 – 17:15

RD-14-09

Impact of Technology Adoption on Welfareof Rice Farmers in Cambodia
Viseth Prum, Yuchiro Amekawa
and Shoichi Ito

p. 84

17:15 – 17:30

RD-14-01

Assessing the Acceptability and the
Feasibility of An Agricultural Package ofTechnologies for Risk Management inSouthern Haiti
Rival Valcin, Tomohiro Uchiyama, Katsumori
Hatanaka, Yasuo Ohe, and Bénédique Paul

p. 79

17:30 – 17:45

RD-14-12

The Change of Rice Production Scale byIndividual Farmers in Northeast Thailand:
An Investigation Using Household Panel
Data
Yuki Toyama, Kazuki Miyatani, Asres Elias
and Kumi Yasunobu

p. 86

xxvi

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 5 – KRAVAN Room
Session 1: Rural Development
10:30 – 12:30
Chair: Prof. Dr. Fumikazu Ubukata
Co-chair : Dr. Kimchin Sok
10:30 – 10:45

RD-14-13

Technical Efficiency of Potato Producers in
Benguet Province, Philippines
Asres Elias, Cheryll Casiwan Launio, Kumi
Yasunobu, Yuki Toyama, Birara Endalew
and Maryan J. Altaki

p. 87

10:45 – 11:00

RD-14-16

Improving the Farm Business andResilience of New Farmers: Case from A
Greenhouse Tomato Farmer in H City,
Tokyo, Japan
Nina N. Shimoguchi, Rika Terano,
Ramadhona Saville, Hettige Samitha,
Lakshan Gunasekara and Katsumori
Hatanaka

p. 88

11:00 – 11:15

RD-14-17

Assessing the Support for New Farmers in
H City, Tokyo, Japan
Rika Terano, Nina N. Shimoguchi,
Ramadhona Saville, Hettige Samitha Lakshan
Gunasekara and Katsumori Hatanaka

p. 89

11:15 – 11:30

RD-14-18

Potential of Small-Scale Producers for
Sustainable Cassava Production in
Cambodia: An Analysis of Income
Diversity of Cambodian Cassava Farmers
Kasumi Ito, Tamon Baba, Hisako Nomura,Tha Than and Srean Pao

p. 90

11:30 – 11:45

RD-14-19

Challenges and Opportunities for
Increasing Vegetable Production in Rural
Cambodia
Kasumi Ito, Tatsuya Yoshida, Boratana Ung
and Mitsuru Hamano

p. 91

11:45 – 12:00

AG-14-18

Application of Probabilistic Risk
Assessment to the Chalky Rice Grain Issue
in Japan
Hiroki Oda, Momoka Masano, Takashi
Nobuoka and Koshi Yoshida

p. 12

12:00 – 12:15

RD-14-22

Agroforestry Promotion for Enhancing
Resiliency of Community-Based Forest
Management Areas in the Philippines
Roberto G. Visco, Leila D. Landicho,
Ma. Theresa Nemesis P. Ocampo, Rowena
Esperanza D. Cabahug, Maryanne G.
Abadillos, Ma. Armie Janica P. Ramirez,
Arnold Karl A. Castillo, Russel Son Canilan
and Christine Joy Manalo

p. 93

12:15 – 12:30

RD-14-23

Empowering Rural Farming Communities
Through Capacity Development Programs:
Implications to Agricultural Extension
Services
Leila D. Landicho

p. 94

xxvii

Oral Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Room 5 – KRAVAN Room
Session 2: Rural Development
13:30 – 15:30
Chair: Prof. Dr. Kiichiro Hayashi
Co-chair : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tadao Yamamoto
13:30 – 13:45

RD-14-20

Household Income Diversity of Small-Scale
Cassava Producers in Vietnam
Nien Chau Nguyen, Tamon Baba,
Hisako Nomura and Kasumi Ito

p. 92

13:45 – 14:00

RD-14-30

Language Register in the Farming of Palayin Sierra Bullones and Dagohoy, Bohol
Catherine Buta Orcullo

p. 99

14:00 – 14:15

RD-14-26

The Value Chain of Households’ Pangasius
Catfish Culture in Batheay District,Kampong Cham Province
Roummenea Larch, Vanny Chhuon, Raksmey
Phoeurk, Nhean Sophea and Kimchhin Sok

p. 97

14:15 – 14:30

RD-14-28

Gender and Livelihood in Small-Scale
Fisheries: A Case Study in the Cambodian
Floodplains in Kandal Province, South
Cambodia
R Phoeurk, S Oum, K Sok and JP Venot

p. 98

14:30 – 14:45

RD-14-25

A Survey of Household Water Use and
Groundwater Quality Assessment in A
Rural Community of Kandal Province,
Cambodia
Kakada Khean, Kimlay Ngorn, Leangse
Meng, Phaly Ham, Rathborey Chanand Saret Bun

p. 96

14:45 – 15:00

RD-14-31

Farmers’ Profile and Farming
Engagements as Determinants of Economic
Well-being During Covid-19 Pandemic
Ivy Corazon A., Mearie Jean A. Faustino,
Mildred L. Quiza, Lloyd L. Tejano

p. 100

15:00 – 15:15

RD-14-24

Reducing the public health and economic
risks from future potential zoonotic disease
in Cambodia
Vathana Thun, Sopheap Phin, Chetra Sar andSorany Em

p. 95

15:15 – 15:30

IS-14-02

Information Transfer Among Mango
Contractors: Sources, Channels, andPriorities
Dia Noelle Velasco, Katsumori Hatanaka,
Nina Shimoguchi and Ramadhona Savillep. 77

xxviiiPoster Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

Poster Presentations
Chair of Poster Presentation: Prof. Dr. Dieter Trautz

Agricultural System and Food Innovation
Co-chairDr. Kim Eng Tho
Dr. Leila D. Landicho
Mr. Socheath Tong

Dr. Junya Singkham
Dr. Mouylin Chem

PosterOrder

Abstract
Code

Abstract Title

1

AG-14-03

Study on Presence of Parasitic Species on Raising Cow Along Tonle
Sap River Provinces
Sopheak Houn, Chinda Wann, Borin Sear, Mom Choy, and Tory Chhun

p. 1032

AG-14-07

Effect of Plant Hormone Auxins on The Growth of Hybrid Rose
Tissue Culture in Vitro
Horn Sreyleak, Ren Rithy and Chhun Toryp. 1043

AG-14-11

Effect of Different Levels of Benzyl Adenine on Banana Tissue
Growth of Cavendish in Vitro
Sun Chann and Chhun Toryp. 1054

AG-14-12

Method for Producing Organic Pesticide from Bamboo and Its Effecton Insect Elimination
Lim Srengkhai, Nong Anisa, Chhem Net, Mat Madavy, Nhebsae Osin,
Thoeurn Sreymao, Favzy Sapraeny, Sis Ahmatlampi, Phat Sophon,
Ly Chhy, and Chhun Toryp. 1065

AG-14-15

Effects of Aeration and pH on The Performance of Lactic Acid
Bacteria-Attached Carbon Fiber Electrode
Narong Touch, Kota Shigetomi and Tadashi Hibino

p. 1076

AG-14-17

Changes in Soil Physical Properties Owing to Soil Reduction Treatedwith Electrokinetic Treatment
Takahiko Nakamura and Narong Touch

p. 1087

AG-14-26

Discussions on Soil Characteristics in Vineyard for Vinification inTokyo
Ai Kurihara and Machito Mihara

p. 1098

AG-14-28

Effects of Coconut Charcoal in Soil Physical Properties and Corn
(Zea Maize) Performance
Peioneti ‘O E Halapaini Lui and Machito Mihara

p. 1109AG-14-47

Real Color Crop Imaging for Improved Crop Status Monitoring on
Cassava
Sreymey Ngoun, Wolfram Spreer, Klaus Spohrer, Sophaonrith Ro,
Shamaila Zia-Khan, Pimsiri Tiyayon, Thitipat Weeplain
and Joachim Müller

p. 11110

AG-14-50

Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Production in
Low Land Provinces, Cambodia
Socheata Ratha, Kong Kroesna, Chea Bunna and Kong Sokom

p. 112xxix

Poster Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023
11

AG-14-52

Xylooligomer From Phyllostachys Pubescens by Predrolysis During
Biorefining
Mouylin Chem, Hiroshi Ohi and Akiko Nakagawa-Izumi

p. 11312

AG-14-57

Quantity and Quality of Green Manure Crops Growth Under
Environments in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand
Jutatad Rattanapong, Theerapol Plengsunti
and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 11413

AG-14-58

Utilization of Soil Influenced by Volcanic Rock for Vermicompost
Production
Yaraphorn Puttakort, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 11514

AG-14-63

Effectiveness of Washing Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Residue
on Tomatoes
Channy Meng, Socheat Tong, Borarin Buntong and Vireak Choub

p. 11615

AG-14-64

Determination of Multi-Pesticide Residues in Local and Imported
Tomatoes Sold in Phnom Penh City Markets
Chivon Sam, Socheat Tong, Borarin Buntong and Vireak Choub

p. 11716

AG-14-65

Dertermination of Multi Pesticide Residue on Post Pesticides Spraying
Tomato from Kandal and Battambang Provinces
Somanita Ruon, Liza Porm, Socheat Tong, Borarin Buntong
and Vireak Choub

p. 11817

AG-14-67

Processing of Ethanol from Cassava Root
Holihour Chi, Kimseng Troeung, Borarin Buntong, Sophorlkun Yim

p. 11918

AG-14-68

Morphological and Leaf Nutrients Characteristics of Different Peanut
Cultivars in Alluvial Soil Condition
Chanthin Ouk, Kim Eang Tho, Nontarak Huong, Sieng Hai Un, Srey Em
Choun, Theary Leng, Penghaing Ly, Thy Yorn, Savry Poeng, Chhunly
Chhoy, Kimvai Hong and Kosal Chet

p. 12019

AG-14-69

Evaluating The Effectiveness of Organic Fertilizer from Mango Waste on
Growth and Yield of Water Spinach Under Net House Conditions
Nguyen Khoi Nghia, Truong Ngoc Da, Nguyen Huu Thien

p. 12120

AG-14-70

Effect of Dry Brewery Residue on The Growth of Local Chicken (Gallus
Domesticus)
Bunhor Ouk and Tory Chhun

p. 12221

AG-14-71

Optimum Yeast Amount for Ethanol Production
Sophorlkun Yim, Holihour Chi, Kimseng Troeung, and Borarin Buntong

p. 123

Environmental Management
Co-chairMs. Lorraine Cristy E. Ceniza
Dr. Chau Nien Nguyen
Dr. Dyna Theng

Dr. Kumi Yasunobu
Mr. Nareth Nut

PosterOrder

Abstract
Code

Abstract Title

22

EM-14-03

Physical Structure Assessment of Rivers Used by Grazing Livestock
Yuri Yamazakip. 12423

EM-14-04

Considering Environmental Standards Based on Soils and Water
Quality in The Biotopes Around Urban Areas in Japan
Madoka Kurotaki and Machito Mihara

p. 125xxx

Poster Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023
24

EM-14-09

A Pro-Active Response to A Disaster Incident: The Sibonga, Cebu
Case
Arante Jan Roy, Suico Annavie and Zanoria Huberto

p. 12625

EM-14-10

Twin Lakes Eco-Tourism: A Case study on People-managed Projects
in the Philippines
Nuñez Ella Marie, Arante Jan Roy and Zanoria Huberto

p. 12726

EM-14-12

Urban-Rural Synergy Improvement Through The Ecosystem Servicesof The Blue-Green Infrastructure in Greater Tokyo Area
Ivana Angelova

p. 12827

EM-14-15

Investigation of Water Purification Ability of Patinopecten Yessoensis
Shells Inoculating Effective Microorganisms
Kosei Moroishi and Machito Mihara

p. 12928

EM-14-16

Use of Remote Sensing in Estimating Water Resources Potential in
Data Scarce Region
Lameck Fiwa, Sarvesh Maskey, Ke Zhang, Ayako Sekiyama,
Tamano Hayashi and Hiromu Okazawa

p. 13029

EM-14-21

Effect of Different Soil Amendments on Some Soil Properties, Growthand Yield of Calotropis Gigantea Grown Under Salinity Conditions
Mallika Srisutham, Anan Polthanee, Thanyaluck Nonthasri, Supranee
Sritumboon, Koshi Yoshida, Wariya Mitta and Masaru Mizoguchi

p. 13130

EM-14-24

Evaluation of The Effect of AWD on The Growth of Paddy Rice Plant
Height Using a Logistic Model
Kiseki Kurashina, Sarvesh Maskey, Dickson M. Mazibuko
and Hiromu Okazawa

p. 13231

EM-14-25

Effect of Nurtients in Treated Sewage Water on Crayfish(Procambarus Clarkia) Cultivation
Wakasugi Kazuha, Sarvesh Maskey, Kouji Takeda, and Hiromu Okazawa

p. 13332

EM-14-27

Development of Indexes to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Low Water
Level Control in Irrigation Ponds -A Case Study of Irrigation Ponds
in Tottori, Japan
Ryo Harasawa, Katsuyuki Shimizu, and Yuri Yamazakip. 13433

EM-14-28

Ecosystem Carbon Stock Assessment in Upland Forest: Case Study in
Koh Kong, Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear and Siem Reap Province
Soben Kim, Sarun Horn, Pheak Sok, Theamhy Sien, and Chomroeun Yornp. 13534

EM-14-48

Monitoring of Microplastics in Different Soil Ecosystems
Laddawan Upakhot and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 13635

EM-14-49

Using Vermifiltration Combined with Biochar for Domestic
Wastewater Treatment
Saranya Seetasang and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 13736

EM-14-50

Vermicomposting Under Different Organic Materials with The
Chromium Contaminated Soil
Seksan Kamlamoon and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 13837

EM-14-51

Cassava Waste Recycling to Produce Quality Vermicompost
Supawadee Ruangjanda and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 13938

EM-14-52

Impact of Chlorpyrifos on Pycnoporus Sanguineus (NUOL-PKK02)
and on Its Possible Antagonistic Activity Against Fusarium Wilt of
Banana Under in Vitro Conditions
Nuttaya Xasydavong, Phoutthasone Sibounnavong
and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 140xxxi

Poster Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023
39

EM-14-53

Impact Evaluation of Climate Change on Disaster Risk of Forested
Watershed River in Snowy Regions Using SWAT+
Shotaro Kikuchi, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiromu Okazawa, Sergio Azael May
Cuevas, Makoto Oba, Shogo Nakamura and Seiji Hayashi

p. 14140

EM-14-58

Greenhouse Gas Emission During Vermicomposting of Organic
Wastes Under the Effect of Biochar
Kamolpat Nutpiren and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

p. 142

Education for Sustainable Development / Infrastructural System
Co-chairDr. Sinisa Berjan
Dr. Muy Leang Kim

Dr. Tetsuya Shimamura

PosterOrder

Abstract
Code

Abstract Title

41

ESD-14-03

Educational Material Research on The Color of Crayfish forConversion to Edible Resources
Saki Higuchi, Honami Ono, Hiroaki Honada, Sarvesh Maskey, Akira
Kurosawa, Toshihiro Suzuki, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Hiromu Okazawa
and Kouji Takeda

p. 14342

ESD-14-04

Identifying The Japanese Foreign Technical Intern and Training
Program (TITP) in The Agriculture Sector and Its Outstanding
Training Models, Case Study of Indonesia
Fadhilla Izzaty Syaukat, Katsumori Hatanaka, Nina N. Shimoguchi
and Ramadhona Savillep. 14443

ESD-14-07

Agriculture 4.0: An Overview of Concept, Tendencies and Policy
Implications in Cambodia
Mardy Serey

p. 14544

ESD-14-13

What do Iranian Agricultural Experts Think about the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)?
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari, Moheb Ghasemi, Siniša Berjan
and Hamid El Bilali

p. 14645

IS-14-04

Verification of Optimum Flying Conditions for UAV Photogrammetryin Structural Assessment of Hydro-Structural Infrastructures
Sarvesh Maskey, Hiyori Iseki, Kiseki Kurashina, Ke Zhang
and Hiromu Okazawa

p. 147

Rural Development
Co-chairDr. Nghia Khoi Nguyen
Dr. Chalermsak Toomhirun

Dr. Yuko Fukuda

Poster Order

Abstract
Code

Abstract Title

46

RD-14-11

The Current Situation of Farmers’ Custom on Rice Seed Use in
Cambodia: An Exploratory Study Using the Micro Data of Farmers
in Takeo Province
Yuki Toyama, Asres Elias and Kumi Yasunobu

xxxii

p. 148

Poster Presentations – The 14th ICERD, March 2023
47

RD-14-14

Brand Community, Brand Love, and Word of Mouth: A Case of
Traditional Thai Textile
Wijittra Aunkaeo, Anon Khamwon and Mallika Srisutham

p. 14948

RD-14-15

Consumer Behavior Towards Ethical Bananas in Japan
Mei Matsumoto and Nina N. Shimoguchi

p. 15049

RD-14-29

Needs for Agricultural Extension on Buffalo Raising of Farmers
Around Kaeng Lawa Reservoir Wetland, Ban Phai District, Khon
Kaen Province, Thailand
Patcharaporn Phumchantuk, Machito Mihara and Chuleemas Boonthai
Iwai

p. 15150

RD-14-32

Assessing Consumer Behavior Towards Vegetable Consumption
Among Households in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Socheat Srann, Lyda Hok and Leangsrun Chea

p. 152

51

RD-14-35

Food Security in The Context of The War in Ukraine: Case of North
AfricaTarek Ben Hassen, Sinisa Berjan and Hamid El Bilali

p. 153xxxiiiRCE Special Session: Sharing RCE Experiences – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

RCE Special Session: Sharing RCE Experiences
Saturday, March 4, 2023
Time: 13:30 – 15:00 (Cambodian Time)(15:30 – 17:00 JST)
Secretary Room(This is an online session. Please access following ZOOM)
https://zoom.us/j/96504366760?pwd=aVpEUDNBNlRRN0VmS3JJUkt0NjBQQT09
Meeting ID: 965 0436 6760
Passcode: 039948

Programme-

Chair: Prof. Mario Tabucanon, Visiting Professor, United Nations University Institute for the
Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS)
Co-Chair: Mr. Ognen Onchevski, Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation(ERECON), Japan

13:30 – 13:35 Opening
13:35 – 13:45 Introduction“Regional Centres of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development (RCE)”
Ms. Miki Konishi
Programme Coordinator, Innovation and Education Programme, UNU-IAS
13:45 – 13:55 Keynote presentation“Aligning circular economy with sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the built environment”
Prof. Usha Iyer-Raniga, RMIT University, Australia
13:55 – 14:05 Q&A
14:05 – 14:35 Case study presentations
1. “5Rs (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Re-purpose) Campaign: Mechanism for Sustainable Waste
Management”
Dr. Sherrymina Anak Kichin, RCE Kuching, Malaysia
2. “Building Capacity of Farm Owners for Promotion of Organic Farming in Southern Vietnam”
Mr. Hoang Nhat Truong, RCE Southern Vietnam, Vietnam
3. “Bamboo Production, Rehabilitation, and Processing: Sources of Food, Livelihood, andEnvironmental Protection”
Mr. Charlie Batin from RCE Ilocos, the Philippines
14:35 – 14:55 Q&A and Discussion
14:55 – 15:00 Wrap up and Closing

xxxivk.LAB Special Session – The 14th ICERD, March 2023

k.LAB Special Session
Saturday, March 4, 2023
Kravan Room
Time: 16:00 – 18:00

16:00 – 16:10 Opening
16:10 – 17:10 Presentation
EM-14-55“Utilization of k.LAB Database Function for Hydrological and Crop Growth Model Development”
Sarvesh Maskey, Ke Zhang, Hiromu Okazawa and Kiichiro Hayashi
EM-14-56“Introduction of A Model for Evaluating the Potential of Small Hydropower Generation in k.LAB”
Yuri Yamazaki, Kiichiro Hayashi, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiromu Okazawa, Feldinando Villa
EM-14-57
ARIES Customized Model for Energy and Environmental Assessment
Kiichiro Hayashi, Ferdinando VIlla, Hiromo Okazawa, Stefano Balbi
17:10 – 17:50 Q&A and Discussion
17:50 – 18:00 Wrap up and Closing

xxxv

Oral Presentations

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-01
Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Health Indicators in Corn Silage Production
in a Semi-Arid Environment
Phearen Millera*, Jeanette Nortona, Grant Cardona, Scott B. Jonesa, Jennifer Macadama,Matt Yosta, Avneet Kakkara, and Yang OuyangbaDepartment of Plants, Soils and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences,
Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
b
Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, OK 73019*Corresponding email: phearen.miller@usu.edu

Abstract
The world faces the dual challenge of increasing food production and reducing the impact of excess
reactive nitrogen (N) in the environment. A field study examining different N sources in cornsilage under semi-arid conditions was conducted at USU Greenville farm in northern Utah since2012. The experimental design is a randomized complete block design with four blocks and four
treatments: control (no nitrogen), low ammonium sulfate (AS 112 kg N/ha), high ammonium
sulfate (AS 224 kg N/ha), and steer manure compost (224 kg total N/ha). We examined the effectsof the contrasting nitrogen fertilizers on yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and soil healthindicators. Total corn silage yields for AS 200, AS100, compost and control in 2012-2021 were
17,225, 14,847, 11,114 and 7,897 kg/ha, respectively. The yield of the compost treatment wassignificantly higher than that of the control treatment. The AS200 treatment had the highest yield,
N uptake and NUE, but the values of soil health indicators did not differ from the control treatment.
Compost treatment significantly increased the value of potential mineralizable N (No), andpotential mineralizable C (Co) from 84 days incubation. Furthermore, the values of other soil
health indicators such as soil total N, soil ACE protein, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, soil total
C and soil organic C were significantly increased under compost treatment. in short, continuous
corn silage using only compost increased soil health values but did not produce higher yields than
the ammonium sulfate treatment. in contrast, application of ammonium sulfate increased yield but
did not improve the value of soil health. Therefore, to maintain their soil health, farmers should
consider mixing compost with commercial fertilizers and adopting good soil health practices suchas crop rotation or cover crops.
Keywords: nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), soil health, potential mineralizable C (Co),potential mineralizable N (No), soil protein, soil enzyme.

1Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-02
Simple Weir Types and Their Prospects for Small-Scale Irrigation
Development in Northern Zambia
Alex Lushikanda Kabwea*, Masahiro Hyodob, Hidehiko Ogataa, Yoshihiro Sagawac,
Yoshinao Adachic and Masayuki IshiidaUnited Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japanb
Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japanc
Sanyu Consultants INC, Tokyo 170-0004, Japand
Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Shimane 690-504, Japan*Corresponding email: d21a3003k@edu.tottori-u.ac.jp

Abstract
in Zambia, simple weir technology is increasingly gaining popularity as an alternative method of
irrigation among rural small-scale farmers. The now widespread adopted small-scale irrigation
technology was first introduced in the northern region provinces of Zambia to enhance small-scale
irrigation activities in communities. Simple weirs are structures built across a river to divert theflow for irrigation activities. The simple weir technology is used as the ‘‘entry point’’ to engage
individual farmers and small groups of farmers with the potential to begin irrigation. These types
of facilities are constructed using locally available materials such as forest poles, twigs, andthatching grass tied together by tree bark strips. However, challenges such as damages (breaching,breaking down) have been observed on the structures. in this research, we focussed on the simple
weirs farmers have been constructing on a self-help basis for community-based irrigation schemes
to enhance usage period from the current one irrigation season to two seasons. This researchtargeted the northern provinces (Luapula, Muchinga, and Northern) in Zambia because simple
weirs are commonly used by small-scale farmers to divert water for crop and aquaculture
production. Four types of simple weirs were characterized as: 1) single line, 2) double line, 3)
inclined type and 4) trigonal type. It was observed that the single-line weir was the most popularweir for various reasons such as being easy to construct, less labour intensive, and easy to repair
and maintain. Other concerns this research observed include: 1) high proportions of damaged
weirs, 2) regular maintenance, and repairs, 3) compromised constructions, 4) a high number of reconstructed weirs annually, and 5) inconsistencies in key dimensions. These research findings areagreeable with concerns raised by farmers regarding weirs which need to be addressed if thetechnology must be effective in developing small-scale irrigation in Zambian rural communities.
Keywords: simple weir types, small-scale irrigation, river water diversion, damage

2

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-04
Effect of Pollination by The Apis Mellifera on Yield and Fruit Productivity of
Sweet Net Melon Under Greenhouse Conditions in Cambodia
Chhouk Chheanga* and Sopheak Tithba

Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, National Meanchey University,
Banteay Meanchey Province, CambodiabAgricultural Education and Soil Chemical Laboratory Analysis, National Meanchey University,
Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia*Corresponding email: chheang.chhouk.mcu@moeys.gov.kh
Abstract
Sweet net melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an annual climbing plant famous due to its delicious fleshy
fruit. It is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed in the world. This study aimed toinvestigate the efficacy of pollination by employing Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on
yield and growth in the greenhouse condition, compared to the traditional method of hand crosspollination and self-pollination. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design(CRD) with 3 treatments and one hundred replications: T1 represented as self-pollination, T2 handcross-pollination, and T3 Apis mellifera pollination. Fruit productivity such as fruit size and fruit
number, fruit seed per plant was measured, and sweetness content was analyzed by using a meter named
Portable refractometer. Results revealed that the Apis mellifera pollination has significantly

promoted a greater fruit set of sweet net melon more than hand cross-pollination and selfpollination (100%, 74%, 62%). Furthermore, Apis mellifera has significantly enhanced fruit yieldcompared to self-pollination and hand cross-pollination. in addition, self-pollination, hand crosspollination, and Apis mellifera pollination were not significantly different in sweetness, fruit
thickness, fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, and fruit size. Therefore, Pollination by Apis
mellifera can be used for increasing fruit yield and food security by 2050. As well as it is one of
the most power tools for agriculture adoption with climate change.
Key words: Apis mellifera, pollination, thickness, flower

3Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-05
Development of a Simple-Concept Water Allocation Model at the FarmBlock-Level for Efficient Water Management
Naohisa Nakashimaa* and Testuro FukudabaObihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japanb
Hino-Sato Munakata-City, Fukuoka, Japan*Corresponding email: nnakashima@obihiro.ac.jp

Abstract
It is crucial to establish appropriate water management in agriculture. Due to financial difficulties,
it is also necessary for farmers to work together with government agencies in water management.
Existing water allocation models, however, require much effort to collect data. They are also blackboxes difficult for farmers to understand, which may discourage farmers from participating in
irrigation planning. in this study, we attempted to construct a farm-block-level water balance
model with a simple tank model concept and easily collectible data. The model consists of twoparts that reproduce the water distribution process from the farm block intake to each field (Canal
Tank Model; CTM) and the water balance process in the paddy field (Paddy Tank Model; PTM),
respectively. The model coefficients were identified using data from 2002 to 2003, and the model
validity was evaluated using data from 2004 and 2005. The CTM coefficients were identified foreach 2002 and 2003 because of the different land use patterns. The CTM runoff coefficients andhole heights were changed on days when the farmers were considered to have operated diversion
ratios significantly. The PTM coefficients were identified using the SDFP method and trial anderror referring to the groundwater level. However, the PTM seepage holes were fixed to thecorresponding values that the vertical seepage was approximately 5 mm/d based on the on-site
survey. As a result, despite the arbitrary water manipulation by farmers, the same CTM coefficientsfor 2002 and 2004 and 2003 and 2005, when the land use pattern was similar, were able toreproduce the water allocation well. Finally, we used the water allocation model to estimate theoptimal delivery water management rate and to quantitatively evaluate the excess water
withdrawal resulting from the labor reduction in water management.
Keywords: tank model, water balance and distribution, participation irrigation management(PIM), small district, arbitrary operation

4

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-06
Clarification of Water Use under the Complicated Irrigation System and its
Modeling in the Boribo-Bamnak River Basin, Cambodia
Salpisak Henga, Yamamoto Tadaoa* and Inoue TakashibabGraduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan*Corresponding email: tady@env.agr.hokudai.ac.jp

Abstract
Effective, equitable, and sustainable management of water resources in river basins requires
clarification of the current river basin situation and potential water use and water balancechallenges. This study performs a water balance calculation involving an analysis of theappropriate water distribution of the Boribo-Bamnak river basin, Cambodia. This river basincovers the Boribo and Bamnak basins, both of which are interlinked by the Bamnak headworks.
Together, this constitutes an integrated irrigation and drainage system. The Soil and Water
Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate rainfall-runoff in the Boribo-Bamnak basinover a study period of nine years (2010–2018), whereupon a simulated daily streamflow wasapplied to the water balance computation in the river basin according to the water distribution ratioat Bamnak headworks. The SWAT model yielded NSE, PBIAS, and RSR values of 0.55, 9.70,
respectively, and 0.67 for model calibration. It also obtained values of 0.51, 3.70, and 0.70 formodel validation of the three quantitative statistics, NSE, PBIAS and RSR. The results of thecalculated water balance indicate that although the Bamnak and Boribo rivers have abundant waterin the wet season they have faced water shortages in the dry season during every year of the study
period except 2016. Irrigation safety during the dry season is always low (approximately 10%).
Attaining a desirable safety level of 80% in all existing irrigation areas would require additional
water resources of approximately 6.0 × 106 m3 for the Boribo river basin and 107 m3 for the
Bamnak river basin. in light of the above findings, this study provides recommendations for
coordination strategies to improve water resource management and development plans in the river
basin.
Keywords: water balance, water distribution, SWAT model, water shortage, irrigation safety5Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-08
Making of the First Organic State in The World
Alka Parikh*
School of Liberal Arts, Bennett University, Uttar Pradesh, India*Corresponding email: alka.parikh@yahoo.in
Abstract
A small hilly state in India, Sikkim, decided to take a step towards environment conservation bydeclaring itself 100% organic. This declaration made Sikkim not just the first state in India but
also the first state in the world to go 100% organic. During the last year, we saw Sri Lanka also
trying to do the same and meeting with disastrous consequences. A ban on chemical fertilizers was
declared suddenly and the ill prepared farmers could not cope up. Production plummeted in an
already cash strapped nation. There was little foreign exchange left to import foodgrains. It isreported that 9 out of 10 Sri Lankan families had to skip meals due to food shortages. The case of
Sikkim is entirely different. Sikkim decided to go the organic way in 2003-04. By 2015, it declareditself a 100% organic state, banning all chemical inputs. We talked to 100 farmers in South Sikkim(the only side of Sikkim that is connected with India, all other borders are international borders)and found that there is no black marketing of chemical inputs and that Sikkim, even after 20 yearsof experimenting, remains a truly organic state. This paper shows how Sikkim went aboutbecoming fully organic. It shows how the government systematically planned the process. It also
shows, using the data of 70 farmers, how the farmers have fared and what is their feeling aboutorganic farming. We also looked into the replicability of this experiment (whether other small
states in India can follow this path) and also the scalability (feasibility of a nation going fullyorganic). We conclude that scalability does not look that feasible and replicability too is difficult.
But in spite of all these factors, Sikkim would remain organic, mostly by choice.
Keywords: organic state, Sikkim agriculture

6Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-09
Improvements in Preservation Properties for Homemade-Style Pickled
Cucumber in Cambodia
Sokly Sorma, Shuki Muramatsub*, Masataka Uchinoa*, Yoshiki Muramatsua, Daiki Okaa,
Narong Toucha, Yuri Tanikokaa, Takahiko Nakamuraa, Toru Nakajimaa, Motoe Sekidoc,
Shotaro Kawakamia, Chim Chayd, Mari Arimitsue and Machito MiharaaaTokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Showa Women’s University, Tokyo, Japanc
Yamanashi Gakuin Junior College, Yamanashi, JapandRoyal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiaeInstitute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: s-muramatsu@swu.ac.jpbAbstract
Pickled cucumbers selling at wet markets in Cambodia are recognized as popular pickles for local
people. It has been reported that pickles using homemade recipes are at high risk of being spoiled
and food poisoning because there are no heating steps in the production process. Therefore, it isnecessary to improve hygienic condition of food supply and to make safe pickles in Cambodia.
Heat treatments using hot pack filling and pasteurization lead to making microbiologically safe
products and extending shelf life. This study aims to examine the effect of the heat treatments (hotpack filling and pasteurization) on preservative property and to evaluate the acceptability of the
pickled cucumber added heating process. The pickled cucumbers with and without the heatingprocess were made using a traditional Cambodian recipe and stored at 30 ºC for 7 days. The
presence of total viable bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli, yeasts, and molds in the pickled
products were tested during the storage periods. The samples without the heating process resulted
in contamination with coliforms and Escherichia coli, yeasts, and molds and were at initial
putrefactive state because of the number of total viable bacteria. on the other hand, coliforms, E.
coli, yeasts, and molds were not detected in the sample with the heating process from Day 0 to
Day 7. This result indicated that the pasteurization treatment killed many spoilage microbes
including foodborne pathogens. To investigate the acceptability of pickled cucumbers with theheating process, the sensory evaluation tests were performed. From the result of sensory evaluationand questionnaire survey, the pickled cucumbers with the heating process made either in Japan or
Cambodia were acceptable to the Cambodian panelists; however, further improvement on thesoftness of pickles is commented.
Keywords: cucumber, homemade-style pickle, pasteurization, sensory evaluation, acceptability

7

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-10
Determine Azadirachtin Contents in Neem Leaves Collected from Different
Soil Types
Srey Em Chuona*, Rithy Chruna, Kim Eang Thob and Chanthin Oukba

Faculty of Agro- Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh,*Corresponding email: chuonsreyem396@gmail.comb

Abstract
Nowadays, many kinds of pesticides are circulating in the Cambodian market. If you look at the
raw materials that can be used to produce some agricultural pesticides, some of them are cheapand easy to find on the market, namely neem leaves. on the other hand, since Cambodia does not
yet have a method to determine the chemical composition in the neem leaves, and there is noresearch and production of various consumer products yet. Therefore, there is a study in the neem
leaves of the plant that contains a chemical compound (Azadirachtin) that is very beneficial in
agriculture, pest control, environmental protection and medicine. That's why I chose the topic"Determination of Azadirachtin compounds in neem leaves collected from different soil types
using the boiling method" to study. Neem leaves were collected from Kandal, Takeo, Siem Reap
and Battambang, including soil analysis. in purpose is to find the amount of the Azadirachtincompound in neem leaf and compare the Azadirachtin compound in neem leaf between the four
provinces by different soil types. The study was divided into four treatments, each of which wasmade up of four replications that were boiled in a laboratory at 100 ° C for the same 20 minutes
and then measured with UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The amount of Azadirachtin compound
measured by (UV-Vis Spectrophotometer) in the four provinces averaged between 40885920ppm(mg/Kg) of neem leaves. in conclusion, quantitative comparisons of Azadirachtincompounds among the four provinces have no significant differences in statistical definition (NS).
The soil type is not effects Azadirachtin content. Compared to the market, the price of Azadirachtin
measured unrefined is cheaper than the market 156 times.
Keywords: azadirachtin, neem leaves, UV-Vis spectrophotometer

8Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-13
The Effects of Green Manures on Sustainable Agriculture Soil Conservation
Under Field Experiment in NMU
Mala Suon*, Sopheak Tith, Thangrak Veu, Pisidh Voe, Socheat Ngy
and Chhouk Chheang
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, National Meanchey University,
Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia*Corresponding email: suon.mala.mcu@moeys.gov.kh
Abstract
By inoculating plant material into the soil, green manure is a nitrogen source for soil and enhances
soil fertility and pH. The farmer often inoculated the plant material termed green manure for 40 to
50 days in uncovered land. When chemicals are used improperly, they cause soil erosion, harm tobeneficial microorganisms in the soil, environmental pollution, and yield plant. Farmers need touse fertilizer based on the soil's requirements to solve this problem. National Meanchey University
conducted this research to investigate the efficacy of green manure on soil improvement based onsustainable agriculture. The purpose of this exploration is to investigate the effect of green manure
on soil inoculation and soil properties such as pH, EC, moisture content, and organic matter. The
experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design (CRBD) with 4 treatments and3 replications. Analysis of soil pH, soil electric conductivity, moisture content, and organic matter
was conducted. Treatment, T0 represented as control, T1 Soybeans, T2 Beans, and T3
Aeschynomene indica L. The result illustrated that T3 had higher soil pH which averages 7.14 and0.46 EC, 19% moisture content, and 1.75% soil organic matter. Whereas, untreated soil was not
significantly different among treatments. Therefore, the application of green manure can be a vital
choice in soil improvement for sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: agriculture soil, effect, green manures, sustainable

9Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-14
Prevalence of Aflatoxins in Different Peanut Products from Various Markets
in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Sieng Hai Una,c*, Kim Eang Thoa, Pichmony Ekb and Rathna Horcab

Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of CambodiacFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: unsienghai67@gmail.com

Abstract
Peanuts are a major oil and protein crop, consumed by Cambodian people as snacks and foodingredients. It mostly didn’t analysis on safety level such as Aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2). in
Cambodia, the maximum levels of total Aflatoxins in peanuts is 15 ppb. The objective of the study
was to determine on prevalence, type, and level of Aflatoxins in peanut products (raw peanuts,
roasted peanuts, ground roasted peanuts, and peanut snacks) from various markets in Phnom Penh.
Aflatoxins extraction by the QuEChERS method was performed at the Nutrition Analysis
Laboratory of the Division of Research and Extension of the Royal University of Agriculture andHPLC-FLD analysis at the Chromatography Laboratory of the Faculty of Chemical and FoodEngineering of the Institute of Technology of Cambodia. All peanut samples were contaminatedwith Aflatoxins. The Aflatoxins range in confidence interval 95% in raw peanuts were 3.19 to 6.03
ppb, Roasted peanuts were 5.80 to 14.76 ppb, ground roasted peanuts were 9.98 to 19.70 ppb andPeanut snacks were 5.49 to 11.08 ppb. for maximum levels of Aflatoxins according to thestandards for Cambodia, Codex Alimentarius, Malaysia, and Thailand, all raw peanuts were under
the standard. for roasted peanuts, ground roasted peanuts, and peanut snacks, most of these threeedible peanuts were under the standard of Aflatoxins limit. The results of this research will be able
to recommendations on food safety and health, not to eat peanuts in massive quantities, and if
possible, raw peanuts should be cooked when consumed, and should not be cooked to keep for along time.
Keywords: aflatoxins, peanut, food safety, QuEChERS, HPLC-FLD

10

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-16
Reuse of Unavailable Phosphate in Soils Using Solar Cell-Powered
Electrokinetic Treatment
Narong Touch* and Takahiko Nakamura
Tokyo University of Agricultural, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: nt207118@nodai.ac.jp
Abstract
Electrokinetic treatment (ET) is widely used for soil remediation, specifically for removing heavy
metals from soil. Till date, we have focused on the nutrients released in soils using a solar cellpowered ET, which contributes to increasing productivity of organic farming. Previously, when a
1.5 V solar cell was used in ET, the release of ammonium ions and the growth of microorganisms
were observed. However, no release of phosphate ions was observed. Thus, it is presumed that a
1.5 V solar cell is insufficient to release phosphate in soils. Therefore, this study aims to examine
the effects of solar cell voltage on the release of phosphate in soils. in laboratory experiments, ananode (oxidation reaction) and a cathode (reduction reaction) were installed in andosol mixed withcow manure compost, and a 3 or 6 V solar cell was used to produce an electric current between
the two electrodes. Sixty-two days after current generation, the chemical properties of the soil were
measured. The results suggest that soil redox conditions can be controlled by changing the solar
cell voltage. From the pH distributions, a higher voltage of solar cells was used and a large change
in pH was obtained. Furthermore, a decrease in soil redox potential was obtained by increasing thesolar cell voltage. From the phosphate distributions, a 6 V solar cell is required to release
phosphate in soils. It is recommended that applying ET powered by a 6 V solar cell (potential
gradient: 0.12 V/cm) facilitates nutrient release in soils, which is the most important factor inorganic farming.
Keywords: solar cell, voltage, electrokinetic treatment, soil reduction, phosphate, organic
farming11

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-18
Application of Probabilistic Risk Assessment to the Chalky Rice Grain Issue
in JAPAN
Hiroki Odaa*, Momoka Masanob, Takashi Nobuokac and Koshi Yoshidaaa

The University of Tokyo, Japan
Shizuoka Prefectural Office, Shizuoka-Shi, Shizuoka, Japanc
Tokyo Electric Power Service Corporation, Koutou-Ku, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: 2215920513@edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jpbAbstractin recent years, extreme weather events have become more frequent, and there are concerns about
the increase of chalky rice grain by them. Therefore, it is important to understand how often andhow severe high-temperature injury occur in nationwide of Japan. Thus, the objective of thisresearch is to analyze the hazard of high temperature in a probabilistic method by using the weather
big data and to assess the risk of chalky rice grain. in this research, we analyzed air temperature
data from around 800 stations of the AMeDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition
System) in Japan and check the chronological changes. To assess the risk of chalky rice grain ,Probabilistic Risk Assessment(PRA) method were applied and compared the risk for each of the
20-years from 1980 to 1999 and from 2000 to 2019. Chalky rice grains, which reduce rice quality,
increase when the average temperature exceeds 26℃ during the first 20 days after the heading
date. A comparison of the areas with a high risk of high temperatures exceeding 26℃ at least once
per three years (33.3%) between the past and the recent 20 years shows that the risk of hightemperatures has increased in the inland areas of the southern Tohoku region and in the southernpart of Ibaraki Prefecture. and then multiple regression model was applied to identifying theaffecting factor on the high temperature risk. The 20 days average daily temperature which haveprobability of 33.3% were set as dependent variable, and longitude, altitude and urban area ratio
were set as explanatory variables. As a result, geographical condition has the greatest effect on therisk, however single regression analysis shows that the area having more than 30% urban ratio also
shows high risk of chalky rice grain.
Keywords: climate change, climate hazard, agricultural damage, paddy rice

12

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-20
Cotton Mutation Breeding Using Ion-BeamTory Chhuna*, Neyim Ea, Navin Honga, Sokkin Hola, Sreyleak Songa,
Yoriko Hayashib and Abe TomokobaDepartment of Agricultural Science, Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
bInstitute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan*
Corresponding email: chhuntory@maff.gov.kh

Abstract
Mutation breeding, is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals, radiation (such as gamma ray),in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Mutants can begenerated for disease, insect pest, and drought tolerance. The use of ion beams in mutation
breeding has rapidly expanded since the 1990s in Japan, with the prospect that more ion beamspecific mutants will be generated. in the present study, we irradiated local cotton variety named
Boskhnor with various dose of Ion-Beam. This research is to select cotton mutants showing
drought tolerance and high yield. The cotton seeds (Bosknor) were sent to Research Institute ofPhysics and Chemicals (RIKEN), Japan. The seeds were irradiated with different dose of Ion Beamincluding 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, and 80 Gy. We will present the results and discussion of the researchaccording to research purposes as mentioned above.
Keywords: cotton, irradiation, mutant, ion beam

13

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-21
Effect of Different Levels of 15-15-15 Fertilizer on the Growth and Floweringof Wingpod Purslane (Portulaca umbraticola)
Srengkhai Lim, Anisa Nong, Nhebsae Osin, Net Chhem, Madavy Mat, Sreymao Thoeurn,Sapraeny Favzy, Ahmatlampi Sis, Sophon Phat, Chhy Ly
and Tory Chhun*
Department of Agricultural Science, Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
*Corresponding email: chhuntory@maff.gov.kh
Abstract
Ornamental crops play an important role not only in decorating, but also to increase the income ofgrowers. Portulaca Umbratical is an ornamental plant that has been imported from neighboring
countries in recent years and is very popular in the market. However, the method of cultivating
this flowering plant is still unclear, especially the optional utilization of chemical fertilizers. This
experimental study observed on the effective application of 15-15-15 of different levels on thegrowth and flowering of the wing pod purslane plants in greenhouse conditions. The experiment
was carried out in pots applied with different levels of fertilizers (three pots including 0 g/pot (ascontrol), 0.2 g/pot, 0.4 g/pot, and 0.6g/pot. Each treatment contains three pots being placed in agreenhouse under natural conditions. Data related to plant height, number of branches and days toflowering were collected to compare the difference between the treatments. The results revealed
that there is no significantly different in regard to the growth of plant height from week 1 to week
5 when grown with different amounts of 15-15-15 fertilizers. At week 1 and 3, significant
difference was not observed but plants applied with high dose of 0.6 g/pot showed higher numberof leaves than other treatments. However, plants grown with 0.4 g/pot induced earlier floweringthan those applied with 0.6g/pot and 0.2 g/pot. These results suggest that for optional applicationof 15-15-15 fertilizer, 0.4 g/pot is necessary for early flowering.
Keyword: wing pod purslane, ornamental plant, 15-15-15 fertilizer, flowering

14Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-22
Effect of Drought Application on Flower, Yield and Leaf Mineral Content of
Durian (cv. Monthong) in Cambodia
Sophal Vara,B*, Sreymom Saoa, Sovathai Theaa, Kim Khuy Khuna, Kim Eang Thoc, Sarom
Mena and Hong CheangaaFaculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiabGraduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiacDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: var.sophal@rua.edu.kh
Abstractin Cambodia, the durian production areas have increase exponentially which report over 5,000
hectares with yield obtained between 7 to 26 ton per hectare. Despite its high value and market
demand, there stills the need to improve productivity which could keep up with any competition
from neighboring countries. Yield of durian are strongly related with floral induction in which
influence by many factors such drought, temperature and nutrient management. The study was
aimed to determine the effect of drought on floral, yield of durian associated with leaf nutrient
content under farmer field. The trial layout in randomize complete block design with 3 replications
and consisted of 3 treatments include no drought applied (D0), applied drought 14 (D14), and 28(D28) days respectively. Plastic mulch were used for drought treatment with size of 5 meter aroundthe trunk and was remove after for further management and irrigation. Flower density, number
fruit per plant, fruit weight, yield, edible portion and leaf mineral content was recorded. All drought
treatment significantly influenced flower density, fruit set per plant (Pvalue<0.05), exclude fruit
weight and edible portion. However, 28 days significant intensify flower density number of fruit
set (36), number of harvest fruit (25) and yield of 77.04 kilograms per tree compared to 14 days
and 0 drought respectively. Continue drop and lowest leaf mineral was recorded where drought
was applied. Nitrogen content was significant reduced after drought for 28 days while its obtained
the highest carbon content and C/N ration. Thus, suggested prolong drought up to 4 weeks had
fasten motorization of the tree, induce flower and increase durian productivities under farmer field
condition in Cambodia.
Keywords: nitrate, plastic mulch, fruit drop, carbon

15Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-23
Effect of Different Foliar Potassium Source on Fruit set and Yield of Durian(cv. Monthong) in Cambodia
Sophal Vara,B*, Sreymom Saoa, Kim Khuy Khuna, Kim Eang Thoc, Sarom Menaand Hong CheangaaFaculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiabGraduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiacDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: var.sophal@rua.edu.kh
Abstractin this day, the durian production areas have increase exponentially which was reported over 5,000
hectares. Despite its economic value, local producers were far to compete with neighboring
countries in term of price and market supplied. Cambodian farmer only obtained average yield of
13 tons per hectare. Yield of durian are strongly related with nutrient management and climate
condition specially fruit drop which highly concerned by the owners. Potassium application as
foliage was suggested to enhance fruit set and yield of many crops. Thus, the study was aimed toevaluate the effectiveness of potassium nitrate and mono potassium phosphate as foliage
application on durian under farmer field. The trial layout in randomize complete block design with
3 replications and consisted of 3 treatments include potassium nitrate (KNO3), mono potassium
phosphate (MKP) and without K foliage application, applied (FP). The mixture of 1,500 ppm of
KNO3 and MKP was sprayed on branch of trees after third flush leaves display dark green color.
Flower density, number fruit per plant, percentage of fruit drop, number of harvest fruit, fruit
weight, yield and edible portion was recorded. All foliar K treatment significantly intensify
number of flowers, fruit set, yield (P<0.05), but had not any influence on fruit weight and edible
portion compared to none application (P>0.05). KNO3 application had highest number of fruit set,
number of harvest fruit followed by KMP and FP. in contrast, MKP application had the lowest
fruit drop (25.27%) while KNO3 and FP with average of 28.96% and 35.93% respectively.
However, both KNO3 and MKP had similar flower density, and yield (67.12 and 63.83 kilogram
per tree) while FP only had about 41.68 kg. Thus, the result suggested that KNO3 and MKP could
be use as source of foliage potassium to increase durian production in Cambodia.
Keywords: potassium nitrate, mono potassium phosphate, drought, fruit drop

16

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-24
Isolation and Selection of Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria from Rhizopheric
Soils in Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam
Nguyen Khoi Nghiaa*, Vo Duyen Thao Vyb, Le Ngoc Anhb, Tran Thi Ngoc Binhb
and Le Thi Xacab

Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Vietnam
Master student of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, VietnamcSchool of Education, Soc Trang Community College, Vietnam*Corresponding email: nknghia@ctu.edu.vn

Abstract
Potassium (K) is considered as the third essential nutrient after N, P; however, most of the K (9098%) in insoluble mineral form, which represents a limitation for the absorption of this nutrientby plants. The aim of this study was to isolate and select some potassium soluble rhizobacterial
strains from the soil of different crops including rice, maize, kumquat and onions in the Mekong
Delta. Aleksandrov medium supplemented with 0.2% micas mineral was used to isolate
potassium-soluble bacteria, the soluble K content in liquid medium was determined by atomic
absorption method at the wavelength of 766.5 nm. The result showed that there were 24 strains ofbacteria with the ability to dissolve potassium were isolated, among them, the two best potassiumsoluble bacterial strains were identificated Burkholderia vietnamiensis L1.1 and Staphylococcus
hominis T7.3, with the the content of soluble potassium after 2 days of inoculation were 0.57 mg/L
and 0.49 mg/L, respectively. The study demonstrated that The release of potassium frommuscovite was favored at 35°C, pH 5 and a saline concentration of 1%NaCl. Thus, two bacterial
strains Burkholderia vietnamiensis L1.1 and Staphylococcus hominis T7.3 have great potential indissolving insoluble potassium into a useful K for plant to absorb so it is necessary to evaluate
their effects on the ability of plant growth promoting.
Keywords: Burkholderia vietnamiensis, K release capacity, muscovite, potassium solubilizing
rhizobacteria, staphylococcus hominis

17Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-27
Experiment on Smart Mushroom Cultivation Using the Environmental
Control System
Chanreng Sey Nhim*, Nita Chek, Chanthan He, and Rothna Pec
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: nhimchanrengsey@gmail.com
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to implement the smart mushroom cultivation practice by applying
the sensor network and control algorithm to test the performance of the system and yield obtained
compared to the conventional method. This research introduced innovative technology inagriculture by applying automated technology to the growth of rice-straw mushrooms by utilizing
sensor technology and a controller with a control algorithm. It used the control algorithm toautomatically control the environment in the mushroom house based on feedback from the sensors
to maintain the environment in an optimum condition for mushroom growth. This experiment has
two cycles for growing the rice-straw mushrooms in different control environments. There arethree stages per cycle. The first stage is used during the vegetative phase. The second stage is used
to control mushroom growth during the spawn-run stage. The last is applied during the pinhead
and cropping stages. The first cycle of the experiment is implemented to verify the circumstances
surrounding the growth of the mushroom in automation control based on three parameters: ambient
temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2). It used one controller with four piecesof equipment to automate control based on those parameters, which are the ventilation fan, exhaustfan, sprinkler, and motor pump for the cooling pad. After testing the first experiment, it met someproblems with the CO2 sensor and the exhaust fan, so it needed to implement manual control andautomated control in controlling algorism for the second experiment. After completing theseexperiments, we can know that with combination of automatic and manual control, the farmer has
been able to save time, money, and labor while also Increasing mushroom yield to satisfy market
demand.
Keywords: smart mushroom cultivation, rice-straw mushroom, automation control system,
automation technology, environmental control system

18Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-29
The Efficiency of No-till Transplanter Use in Conservation Agriculture
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Production in Battambang Province,
Cambodia
Sokleng Manga*, Lyhour Hina, Hong Cheanga, Sophoanrith Roa,
Manuel R. Rayesb and Chan Makara MeanaabRoyal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Kansas State University, the United State of America*Corresponding email: soklengmang@gmail.com

Abstract
Conservation agriculture is a production system that involves minimum soil disturbance,
preferably no-tillage; continuous cover and diverse crops in rotation and in association. No-tillvegetable transplanter is needed by farmers in Cambodia for large scale commercial CA
production of vegetables. The performance of the United States Department of Agriculture
National Soil Dynamics Lab (USDA-NSDL) no-till vegetable transplanter was tested in a farmer’s
field containing cover crops residue and compared with the performances of a punch planter anda manual conventional transplanter in conventional tillage (CT). The experiment was about threemonths from March to June 2022 and was located in Battambang province, Cambodia. Sunn hemp
and Pearl Millet cover crops were first sown and grown for six weeks. The cover crops were
terminated using a NSDL roller crimper mounted in an Oggun tractor. A Mongal F1 tomato(Soanum lycopersicum L.) was transplanted on clay loam soil in a randomize complete block
design with the three planting methods and four replications with area 5 by 25 m per plot. Results
showed that the single-row NSDL no-till vegetable transplanter mounted in an Oggun tractor is
two times quicker than the two other planting methods.
Keywords: conservation agriculture (CA), no-till vegetable transplanter, cover crops

19Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-31
Effect of Potassium on Growth and Yield of Guava (Psidium guajava. L)
cv. Kim Ju
Sreymom Saoab*, Hong Cheangb, Kimhong Keob, Sophal Varb and Korng Povbab

Gratuate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Faculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: saosreymom03@gmail.com

Abstract
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is known as “poor man’s fruit” which is a well-known crop in tropicaland subtropical. Its native is believed to be in America. Guava contents higher vitamin C than inorange and tomato. in addition, it produces high yield every year and gives good profit for growers.
Thus, several farmers take up guava cultivation on a commercial scale. There are many factors’
effects on productivity, especially nutrients management. Growing guava with proper level ofnutrients will provide high yield. Thus, the research entitles “Effect of Potassium on Growth andYield of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)” was conducted to investigate the growth and yield
performance of Kim Ju guava under different level of potassium. This experiment was factorial inCompletely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications, having 3
plants per treatment. The plant growth characteristics were collected 2 months after application offertilizers and yield components were recorded at harvest time. All data were analyzed by using
Statistix 8. Results represented that potassium had influence on number of leaves, fruit weight,
yield per plant and brix in all treated plants. Application of potassium can increase yield of guava
from 43% to 47%. on the other hand, there was not significant difference between all treatments
on number of new shoots per branch, number of flowers per branch and leave area. According to
the new finding, the application of potassium can improve crop yield with good quality.
Keywords: potash, Kim Ju, shoot growth20Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-32
Evaluation of Soil Erosion Risk from Weathering Effects on K Factor of
RUSLE in Cobija, Bolivian Amazonia
Juan Uego Pereza* and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: uego.juan@gmail.com

Abstract
Soil erosion by water is a serious problem in Amazonia area. in the area of Cobija in Bolivia,
around 5 Mg ha-1 of amazon soil is lost to the nearby watershed annually. The physical weatheringof soils under natural conditions is one of the important key processes to know the structuralchanges in the soil. The soil erodibility (K) factor in RUSLE represents the susceptibility of soils
to erosion, which can be measured with the standard unit plot experiment or the calculation withparticle sizes and organic matter. Soil weathering affects the distribution of soil particles, which
has a close relationship with the K factor. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate anddetermine the change in the distribution of soil particles as well as K value. The experiment was
conducted in the laboratory of Tokyo University of Agriculture, a total of 120 cans with 1 g ofsoil, respectively were used and treated with different periods of time and volumes of water. The
simulated weather conditions were set according to Bolivian Amazonia. The pipette method wasused to determine the distribution of soil particles. The final results indicated that there is a
modification in the distribution of the soil particles, reducing the presence of fine sand andincreasing the silt content, which modifies the loss of soil as a result of the RUSLE.
Keywords: soil erosion, weathering, RUSLE, Amazonia, soil particle, Bolivia

21Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-33
On-Farm Evaluation of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) Varieties in Different
Agroecosystems
Thy Yorna*, Kim Eang Thoa, Sophoanrith Rob, Siranet Roeurnc, Chanthin Ouka
and Peng Haing LyeabDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Faculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: yornthy2021@gmail.com

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis Hypogea) is an important oil crop in the world. However, the yield of this crop is
limited mainly due to uncovering suitable areas for groundnut production and shortage ofimproved varieties suited to specific areas. It is grown in many countries around the world,
including in Cambodia but there are not too many varieties. The field experiment was conductedalong the Mekong River in November 2021 to April 2022 at Tboung Khum Province, Cambodia.
There are ten varieties were evaluated included Smooth Shell, Roug Shell, Cap 1, Carwile’s
Virginia, N Kati Sari, Yen Yaw OSO, Sarinut 2, Georgia 06G, Red Banteay Meanchey, andChinses. The trial was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications
and 40 plots. The aims of this study are to evaluate peanut varieties on adaptation to agroecology
and identify insect pests and disease in Cambodia. Data were collected on 50% Day of flowering,
Plant height, Plant tillering, insect pests and diseases scouting, 30 pots size, 100 seeds weight, shellweight, and Yield per hectare. on-farm trials reveal that Three varieties Roug Shell, Red Banteay
Meanchey and Sarinut 2 has higher stand count. in addition, Sarinut 2 has the highest 100 seeds
weight and shell weight. Georgia 06G has the best performance to be resistant to aphids,
leafhoppers, rust, early and late leaf spot. Carwile’s Viginia has the earliest flowering, the longest
stem, and the highest hug pod size among these ten varieties. Yen Yaw OSO variety, from Ghana,
has the highest plant tillering, whereas Chines has the highest seed per 30 pods. Roug Shell has
the highest pod per plant and the highest yield compared to other varieties. The result of this study
is very crucial to select the best peanut variety and recommend it to farmers along the MekongRiver.
Keywords: Arachis hypogaea, agroecosystems, on- farm, evaluation, insect pest and disease
resistance, grain yield.

22

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-34
Review on Causes, Effects and Management of Soil Salinity on Irrigated Rice
Fields in Tanzania
Jimmy Felix Machaa* and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: jifema86@gmail.com

Abstract
Salinization is a process that results in an increased concentration of salts in soil and water. Soilsalinity is one of the most serious agricultural problems in irrigation agriculture in Tanzania.
Severe salinity can cause significantly lower yields, food insecurity, and environmental
degradation. If not properly understood and addressed, soil salinization can accelerate andpotentially expand to currently unaffected irrigated agriculture land. Despite the efforts made by
the government and other stockholders rice production in the irrigated rice fields are still having
low yields. Current rice yields are between 2.5 and 4 tons/ha which is lower compared to theaverage rice yields reported in other countries. Salinity problems may be caused by the prevailingclimatic characterized by high evapotranspiration, geological and geographical characteristics ofthe area, quality of irrigation water, inadequate land use practices. This paper tries to sum up andreview available information on the causes and effects of soil salinity on irrigated rice fields in
Tanzania. And it provides information on management strategies to adjust soil salinity andimprove soil fertility.
In this review, the various reasons that cause soil salinity in irrigated fields in Tanzania have been
identified, which are the nature of rocks, poor irrigation managements and non-compliance withestablished irrigation regulations. Also, the effects of soil salinity in Tanzania have been shown
which are decrease in yields, increase in costs of production, poor quality of products and water
shortages for irrigation. Lastly are ways should follow to solve the challenges of soil salinity, theidentified ways are to set up a local drainage system in affected land, renovate some irrigation
facilities, reclaim the affected soil by gypsum and manure and to flush all salt affected water with
non-salt water.
Keywords: review, soil salinity, causes and effects, irrigated rice field, Tanzania

23

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-36
Field Evaluation of Different Peanut Cultivars for Agronomic Yield
Parameters, Pest and Disease Infestations
Theary Lenga*, Kim Eang Thoa, Chhourn Ornb, Soriya Rina, Chanthin Ouka
and Peng Haing Lyaab

Royal University of Agricultural, Cambodia
Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Cambodia*Corresponding email: ltheary@rua.edu.kh

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the world's major food legume crops. in Cambodia, it has
been one of the more profitable crops grown in for many years. However, average yields are low
compared to yields of other countries such as China and India. Relatively low peanut yield in
Cambodia is attributed largely to the deleterious effects of insect pests, diseases, weed interference,lack of nutrients and cultivars. This research was carried out to find the better peanut cultivar witha higher yield and adapted to insect pest and disease infestation. The experiment was conducted at
the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Dangkor district, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia. The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) witheight cultivars as treatment and four replications, 32 plots. The experimental treatments were: Cap
1, Smooth Shell, Roug Shell, Red Banteay Meanchey, Georgia-06, Local Chinses, Carwile’s
Virginia and Sarinut 2. Data were collected on Plant height, 50% Day of flowering, Plant tillering,
Day of harvesting, insect pests and diseases scouting, 100 seeds weight, and Yield per hectare. As
the result, the yield of peanut among the cultivars was found superior in Smooth Shell (5.85t/ha),Carwile's Virginia (5.73t/ha) and Roug Shell (4.92t/ha) followed by Cap 1 (4.04t/ha), Red Banteay
Meanchey (3.96t/ha), Georgia-06(3.77t/ha), while the lowest was found in Local Chinses(2.41t/ha), and Sarinut 2(1.29t/ha).
Keywords: Arachis hypogaes, cultivar, yield, pest and disease infestation

24

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-37
Crop Growth Model for Hydroponic Cultivation of Solanum Lycopersicum(Tomato) in Semi-Automated Systems
Antonio Perez Fuentesa, Sarvesh Maskeyb, Hiromu Okazawab*,
Takahiko Nakamurab, Ayako Sekiyamab and Dickson M. Mazibukoaab

Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Hydroponic agriculture is a cultivation method that maximizes resource efficiency and promotes
soil conservation. Modalities of this system allow for full control of the growth of the plants or
management through semi-automated facilities with a cost reduction. The objective of this study
was to build a crop model applicable to the growth of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicon) when being
irrigated using three types of water: a) tap water and fertilizer as a control, b) renewable water, andc) reclaimed water. The experiment was carried out until 70 days after sown (DAS) using a portionof a plot of 10m x 1m for every treatment. Soluble fertilizer was applied to the treatment of tap
water on days 1 and 49. Logistic curves were suitable to predict the growth in treatments withreclaimed and renewable water (RSMEb,c=3 cm). However, a single logistic curve was not able topredict the plant’s growth (RSME=7.3 cm) in the treatment a due to the additional load of fertilizer
applied. Therefore, we attempted to create a growth model which considers changes in growthaffected by the application of fertilizers at a later stage. for the vegetative and budding stages oftomato, a logistic curve was adapted to estimate the height of the plants as a function of time. forthe late budding and ripening stage, a new module was included in the previous logistic curve
equation. The results show that the new growth model can be used to estimate the height withaccuracy (RSME = 13mm). Since fertilizer application is necessary for hydroponic cultivation, theproposed model will be an important step in hydroponic management in semi-automated systems.
Keywords: hydroponic tomato, logistic model, renewable water, reclaimed water,
semi-automated system

25

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-39
An Exploratory Study on The Consumption of Planchonella Obovata Fruit
Throughout Cambodia
Sothea Konga, Samnang Nguona, Hiroyuki Hattorib and Kasumi Itob*ab

Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan*Corresponding email: kasumito@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Abstractin Cambodia, most historical materials have been lost due to the genocide and the book-burning
policy under the Pol Pot regime, and there are limited scientific records of the names, rawmaterials, manufacturing methods, ingredients, etc. of traditional foods. Planchenolla Obovata
fruit, generally known in Khmer as Madenh or Romdenh, is one example. Although some of the
products made from it, including pickles or jam, are solely at local markets, the existing varietiesof processed products and trends of consumption have yet to be known. There is a danger that suchtraditional foods will disappear unrecorded due to changes in lifestyle, eating habits, andheightened awareness of food safety. This study, therefore, aims to identify the consumption trendsof the Planchenolla Obovata and its processed products. An interview survey using a questionnaire
form was conducted in all 25 provinces of Cambodia. Two primary local markets in each province
were selected for the survey, and 7-10 customers in each market were interviewed. in total, 514
customers were interviewed, and valid response rate was 100%. As a result, six ways of eating
Planchonella Obovata, including pickles, smashed and mixed with sugar, raw as it is, jam, pickled
in honey, and pickled in rice liquor, were found. The most popular one was pickled in salt andsugar, which 94.4% of the respondents consumed followed by smashed and mixed with sugar(65.6%). The respondent 186(36.20%) believed using Obovata plants as a Khmer traditional
remedy to cure some diseases such as fever 59(11.50%), flue 38(7.40%), baby deliveries 31(6%)
or vertigo 33(6.40%). Further studies on nutrient contents to understand the relationship withidentified eating habits is necessary. Those analyses will contribute to prevention of traditional
foods.
Keywords: consumption, trend, effectiveness, products

26Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-40
Impact of a Drip Irrigation System on Planning and Management of Water
Delivery in A Large-Scale Irrigation Scheme in Morocco
Dayyabu Muhammad Zaharaddeena*, Katsuyuki Shimizub, Yuri Yamazakib,
Vinay Nangiac, Anas Mansouric, Dmohamed Belaarabid and Lahcen Ousstousda

United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japanb
Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japanc
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, MoroccodRegional Office for Agricultural Development in Tadla (ORMVAT), Morocco*Corresponding email: talk2deenee@yahoo.com
Abstract
Increasing water scarcity is lowering the agricultural production of the Tadla region in Morocco.
This necessitates the Moroccan government to actively stimulate farmers about converting their
irrigation systems from surface irrigation (furrow) to drip irrigation and subsidize the investment
costs by 80 to 100%. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the impact of the drip irrigation systemon the planning and management of water delivery after the conversion program from surface(furrow) irrigation to drip irrigation, in the Beni Amir irrigation district on the right side of the
Tadla region. The water management practice before and after conversion was gathered throughdiscussions and interviews with officials and representatives of the management team responsible
for the study irrigation scheme. An open questionnaire survey was also conducted, focusing on
farmers' irrigation management practices such as on-farm water distribution methods, application
rate, water adequacy, and equity water satisfaction level before and after conversion, and theresults were analyzed by paying attention to their farms' upstream, midstream, and downstream
locations. The analysis reveals that most of the interviewed farmers indicated satisfaction withequitable water distribution. Some variations in the water management system may occur due tothe conversion project, such as an increase in irrigation time and increased cost and labor in water
management. These will have an impact on the CDA's (Agriculture Development Center) overallwater management monitoring and planning at the tertiary canal, as well as farmers' water
management labor.
Keywords: water scarcity, surface irrigation, drip irrigation, water management

27

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-41
A Value Chain Analysis of the Cashew Sector in Kampong Cham Province
Vathana Thun, Sopheap Phin, Tory Chhun and Sodara Mean*
Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture*Corresponding email: meansodara123@gmail.com
Abstract
Cambodia’s cashew sub-sector has strong potential to grow, create jobs and improve income fortens of thousands of poorer, rural Cambodians. According to the IFC Advisory Service in East
Asia and the Pacific’s report (Cashew Industry Worldwide and prospect for Cambodia’s Cashews),
Cashew nut kernels earn high prices in markets around the world and consumption has been
growing steadily in both long-standing and new markets, and is likely to continue. Study andexperience also show that with the modest technical supports, cashew yield sand earning can besignificantly improved and with modest financing, local processing industry could be launched.
Cambodia produces and estimated 60,000 mt (Metric tons) of in-shell cashew nuts. This makes it
the tenth largest producer in the world, with just over 2% of world production. It is difficult,however, to ascertain exact production in Cambodia, with estimate ranging from 30,000 mt, up to
100,000 mt. However, to ascertain exact production in Cambodia’s production is considered large
enough to support a shelling industry. Cambodia’s production is considered large enough to
support a shelling industry. Production in Cambodia is very similar to small cashew-production
countries elsewhere, with small farms mixed with larger farms and small plantations. Initial, until
the cashew tree canopy closes, other crops are grown between the cashew trees. As in Vietnam,
cashew production has to compete with crops such as cassava and rubber. The main of this study
is to collect and analyze all relevant information/data on the value chains of cashew produced by
farmers and factory in Kampong Cham province in order to have a better understanding on cashew
market system and cashew producing system. The results of this study will be used as acontribution to cashew sector analyze that will be made for developing a policy on Cambodia
Cashew Sector (CCS).
Keywords: modest technical, processing industry, shelling industry, cashew producing

28

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-42
Effect of Swine Slurry and Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Enzyme Activities
Moeurb Angab*, Hong Cheanga, Dyna Thenga, Nareth Nuta, Lytour Lora
and Kasuni H.H GamagebaRoyal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Kansas State University, United State of America*Corresponding email: moeurb.ang@gmail.comb

Abstract
Organic nutrient source is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. Swine
slurry provides tremendous nutrient potential for vegetative and reproductive growth of field crops
with long term sustainability. By applying the swine slurry in the field for long term basis help in
reducing fertilizer demand and provide an environmentally-friendly method of maintaining
productivity and soil health. Soil enzyme activities were enhanced by swine slurry. Enzyme
activities to fertilization takes precedence than microbial biomass in the short term. The study
aimed (1) to compare microbial load in soil from different sources, (2) to identify enzyme reaction
within and fertilizer granules or droplets, and (3) to compare the growth of corn using swine slurry
and chemical fertilizer. The research was conducted from November to December 2022 at
Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Faculty of Agronomy, Kansas State University, the UnitedStates. The experiment was conducted in the pot under the greenhouse condition with 3 replicatesand 5 treatments such as: Treatment 1: Control (without fertilizer), Treatment 2: swine slurry,
Treatment 3: urea, Treatment 4: NH4NO3 and Treatment 5: KNO3+NaNO3. Each treatment was
conducted in replication with 1 pot planting to 2 seeds. The activities of soil enzymes, biomass ofcorn above ground and root will be analyzed.
Keywords: crop, corn, slurry, soil fertility, soil health29

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-44
Comparison of Vegetation Indices between NDVI and RGB images in Rice
Paddies Using UAV Imagery
Muyleang Kimb, Ke Zhanga, Sarvesh Maskeyb, Ayako Sekiyamab, Naomasa Suzukic
and Hiromu Okazawab*abGraduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japanc
Suzuki Farm, Chiba, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazawa@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are gradually become more widely used in smart farming,
specifically for crop growth monitoring. Several vegetation indices have been developed, of which
the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most used. However, relatively
expensive multispectral sensors are required to create NDVI maps. Therefore, like the NDVI,
indicators that use only RGB data have been developed, such as the Visible Atmospheric
Resilience Index (VARI) and the Triangular Greenness Index (TGI). The objective of this study is
to compare the relationship between NDVI and RGB-based spectral indices VARI and TGI for
two paddy field images. The two paddy field image data were collected in April, July, and August2022. Then, NDVI, AVRI and TGI values were obtained in ArcGIS Pro software. NDVI values
were compared to VARI and TGI values at 1 m and 2 m resolutions. for the two paddy fields in
April, 1 m and 2 m resolution showed no relationship between NDVI and VARI and NDVI andTGI as April was the early growing period of rice, however, as July was the middle growing periodof rice, NDVI and VARI and NDVI and TGI showed a high relationship with R2 ranged 0.8611
and 0.931, respectively. Similarly, August, was the final stage of growth, NDVI showed a highcorrelation with VARI with R2 of 0.8028 but only in the second paddy field. 1 m and 2 m UAV
image resolution has no significant effect on the relationship between NDVI, VARI, and TGI.
VARI showed a good relationship with NDVI and can be used like NDVI to predict plant growth
status; TGI can only be used to detect the leaf chlorophyll contents and nitrogen requirements andtherefore shows no relationship with NDVI.
Keywords: UAV, NDVI, RGB, vegetation indices, rice paddy field

30

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-45
Conditions of Bio-Slurry Application in Crop Production for Household
Farmers in Kampong Cham Province
Chan Makara Meana*, Lyhour Hina, Sophoanrith Rob, Nareth Nuta and Lytour Loraa

Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiabFaculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: meanmakara321@gmail.com

Abstract:
Bio-slurry is an organic fertilizer produced from the decomposition of organic waste or residues
in anaerobic digestion. It is applicable to improve vegetable production as it contains necessary
nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for plant growth. About 29,000 biodigesters
have been installed across Cambodia to dispose of animal waste, so huge quantities of bio-slurry
are produced. Therefore, this study aims to understand the condition of applying bio-slurry in crop
production. The research was conducted between April and September 2022 by randomly selecting
30 farming households that have biodigesters and use bio-slurry for crop cultivation in Cheung
Prey district, Kampong Cham province. As a result, 31pprox. 80% of farmers used bio-slurry forrice cultivation and backyard vegetables, basically for soil before planting. Additionally, thefarmers usually utilized bio-slurry mixing with compost or cow manure stored around 3-6 months
before using for rice cultivation. They preferred to use fresh liquid slurry rather than solid one for
their crops. However, bio-slurry was commonly mixed with chemical fertilizer in growth’s stage.
According to their experience, they are willing to use both slurry and chemical fertilizers as thishelps the plants to grow well and have higher yields.
Keywords: bio-slurry, biodigesters, crop production, vegetables, chemical fertilizer

31Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-46
Effects of Salinity Gradient on Soil Properties: A Survey Study on SalineAffected Soils in The Coastal Areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Minh Phuong Nguyen*, Minh Khoi Chau, Van Dung Tran, Huynh Khanh Tran,
Thi Kieu Loan Huynh, Dang Khanh Duy Le, and Chi Cong Nguyen
Can Tho University, Vietnam*Corresponding email: nmphuong@ctu.edu.vn
Abstract
Saline intrusion in the coastal area of Mekong River Delta (MRD) has modified soil properties,
particularly to unfavorable condition for agricultural production. Salt-affected soils contain highamounts of soluble salts might cause many obstacles to crop production, such as increasing
osmotic pressure and hindering water uptake of root plants, causing toxicity and unbalancing incrop nutrient uptake, as well as altering the physical soil environment. in order to evaluate theeffect of changing in salinity gradient due to saline intrusion on the soil properties, two survey
transects was conducted in the coastal areas belongs to Ben Tre and Kien Giang provinces of
MRD. The result of the study showed that, soil salinization and sodification are related to and also
affected by the farming systems. Along the survey transect, the further inland area where is lessaffected by saline intrusion, the cropping systems are quite diverse, such as: coconut, double-rice
cropping, fodder grass (in Ben Tre), or upland crops as banana and ginger (in Kien Giang); whereas
in the regions seasonally affected by saline intrusion, the major farming system is alternative riceshrimp cultivation; whilst the one which frequently affected by sea water movement, the common
farming system is specialized shrimp or salt-water aquaculture. in addition, soil salinity in bothsurvey areas has a very close interrelation with the content of basic cations in dissolved andexchanged forms, especially Na+ and Ca2+ cations. Saline soils in An Minh, Kien Giang have highsodic potential (EC is highly correlated with ESP). Sodicification will adversely alter soil physicalcondition (poor structure, high soil bulk density, poor permeability and drainage, etc.). Therefore,
it is necessary to take proper measures in soil management (particularly salt leaching, fresh water
irrigation and soil amendments applications) to minimize the potential for soil sodicification under
the farming system having salt water.
Keywords: salt-affected soils, survey transect, cropping systems, rice-shrimp

32

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-49
Isolation and Identification of a Compound from Melaleuca Extract and its
Bioactivities
Ravor Senga,b, Akane Kurokia, Fumie Nanashimaa, Takahiro Shibataa,and Hiroyuki Hattoria,c*aNagoya University, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Japan
Royal University of Agriculture, Faculty of Rubber Sciences, CambodiacNagoya University, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Japan*Corresponding email: hattorih@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jpbAbstract
The Myrtaceae family contains at least 3,000 species in 130–150 genera and is widely distributed
throughout tropical and warm-temperate regions in the world. in this family, Melaleuca species
are typically found in the provinces of Svay Rieng, Kampot, Preah Sihanouk, and Koh Kong in
Cambodia. The leaf is mainly used to produce essential oils, which have a lot of bioactivities suchas anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. Although many useful compounds
in the Melaleuca essential oil are well known, it has not been fully studied on the constituents in
the Melaleuca extract and the bioactivities contributing to enhancing our health. in this study, we
aimed to isolate and identify the chemical structure of the constituents in Melaleuca extract andinvestigate the bioactivities. The plant materials of Melaleuca leaves and roots were collected in
the provinces of Svay Rieng, Koh Kong, and Kampot. The dried samples were powdered andextracted with methanol and the extracts were successively extracted with hexane, chloroform,and ethyl acetate. The hexane fraction was separated by silica gel open column chromatography
and obtained 28 fractions (HFr.1–28). HFr. 6 was subjected to preparative high performance liquid
chromatography (PHPLC) and isolate Compound 1. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) andhigh resolution-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) were used to determine
the structure. According to the instrumental analyses, Com.1 was identified as 7-O-methylcryptostrobin, which is a known compound from the Eugenia mattosii plant but has not yet beenreported from the Melaleuca plant. To understand the bioactivities of Melaleuca extracts, weinvestigated if it shows anti-oxidant for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging
and superoxide dismutase (SOD) like properties, and anti-inflammatory activities by western blot.
The results showed that the extract from Svay Rieng province showed the strongest antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.
Keywords: Melaleuca extract, isolation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, flavanone

33

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-51
Nutritional Evaluation and Physiochemical Properties of Cambodian
Planchonella Obovata Products
Sothea Konga,b, Chim Chaya, Hiroyuki Hattorib,c, Samnang Nguona,
and Kasumi Itod*a

Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japanc
Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, JapandInternational Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Japan*Corresponding email: kasumito@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jpbAbstractin Cambodia, traditional foods are generally considered suitable for maintaining health. However,most of the ingredients and nutrients have yet to be elucidated, despite the high frequency of
consumption. The product of Planchonella obovata is one such traditional Cambodian food thatis widely sold in many markets. This study evaluates its nutrition and physiochemical propertiesof it. There are two replications done with the fresh and processed (pickled and smashed-in-sugar)
Planchonella obovata by taking 10 shops from Phnom Penh city, Cambodia, in September 2022.
The parameters including pH, total acid, moisture content, vitamin C, sodium chloride (NaCl),
ash, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total soluble solid, total sugar, tannin and total phenoliccontents are specifically identified. As a result, each product showed a different amount of theseparameters. The fresh product contains the highest value in pH, vitamin C, total phenolic contents
and tannin compared to the pickled and smashed-in-sugar products. The processed products still
had half the vitamin C content in fresh ones. Moreover, the chemical properties such as NaCl, Ca
and ash of both processed products were not much different from each other; but they were higher
than the fresh ones. The moisture content, total soluble solid and total sugar of the smashed-insugar product were the highest among others. The functional foods should be more explored andthe processing method should be enhanced for reducing loss of main nutrition, especially vitamins.
The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and the anti-oxidant assay will be
conducted using the extracts from Planchonella obovata products to give some more scientificevidence.
Keywords: physiochemical properties, Planchonella Obovata, traditional foods, Cambodia

34

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-53
Identification and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from
Fermented Products (Nem Sbak Chrouk) in Battambang Province
Chiva Maa,b, Chanthol Penga,b*, Channeath Tepa and Oudam Henga,baFaculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: peng@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
Nem Sbak Chrouk (NC) in Khmer is a sour fermented product produced from minced fish mixed
with pork skin with two to three-day fermentation at ambient temperature. Fermented foods arecommonly associated with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), while these bacteria also improve theflavor, and texture of foods and provide numerous health benefits as probiotic bacteria. for thisreason, LAB has been studied and screened for use as a starter culture. This study aims to isolate
and screen LAB from NC collected from Battambang (BB). Four samples of NC from four
producers in BB province were first enumerated and isolated LAB using the spreading plate andstreaking method on the De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe selective agar media. LAB wascharacterized by a biochemical test such as catalase, salt, and pH tolerance through optical density
observation and identified the strains by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of
Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). After isolation, purification, biochemical test, and
MALDI-TOF/MS confirmation, 3 species of LAB were identified such as Lactobacillus plantarum(n=5), Companilactobacillus farciminis (n=5) and Lactobacillus sakei (n=1). LAB was evaluatedtheir salt tolerance at (3% and 5% of NaCl) and pH tolerance of 3 to classify essential
characteristics of potential starter culture for fermentation. Three strains of Lactobacillus
plantarum and all Companilactobacillus farciminis showed high tolerance to salt at bothconcentrations and moderate tolerance to pH 3 compared to the control. At the same time,
Lactobacillus sakei is moderate to salt at both concentrations but has a low tolerance to pH 3.
These findings are crucial to understanding the nature of LAB in NC products that can be further
studied for use as a starter culture.
Keywords: fermented products, lactic acid bacteria, starter culture

35Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-54
Determination of Histamine Level and Its Correlation with Bacterial Viable
Count in Cambodian Fermented Fish
Lengheang Choenga, Chanthol Pengab*, Leangey Seta and Seyha DoeurnabaFaculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation
Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: peng@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Nem Trey (NT), Sangvak (SV) (minced fish), Nem Sbek Chrouk (NC) (minced fish mixed withpork skin) are fermented fish products with two to three days of fermentation and ready-to-eat
except for Sangvak, which is grilled before consuming. These appetizers are popular; however,their safety concerns over biogenic amines, such as histamine, are neglected, which could pose ahealth problem. Biogenic amines are nitrogenous organic chemical compounds mainly produced
from the decarboxylation of amino acid, histidine by the activity of certain bacteria associated withfish products with poor hygiene and temperature control. This study aimed to determine thehistamine level in NT, SV, and NC products and studied its correlation with the bacterial viablecount (BVC). Twenty-six samples, NT (n=12), SV (n=5), and NC (n=9), were collected fromdifferent producers from Battambang (BB) and Kratie (KT) provinces. A Histamine Test kit, acolorimetric enzymatic assay, was used to determine histamine level. The BVC was done using
the spread plate technique on Luria Bertani agar media incubated at 37o C for 24h. for KT, NT
and NC contained BVC (log10 cfu/g) in the range 5.74±0.02 to 6.57±0.01 and 5.52±0.01 to
5.98±0.01, while histamine (mg/kg) ranged from 0 to 156.43±0.13 and 28.76±0.71 to 73.87±0.13,
respectively. SV, NT, and NC from BB province ranged the BVC (log10 cfu/g) from 6.02±0.16 to
6.56±0.15, 5.97±0.15 to 6.04±0.15, and 5.69±1.18 to 6.12±0.11, while histamine (mg/kg) ranged
from 6.10±0.44 to 54.52±0.00, 0 to 10.90±0.14, and 0 to 38.54±0.00, respectively. The BVC andhistamine showed a significant correlation, with a value of 0.448 (>0.3) (p-value <0.05; based on
SPSS, 2018). Some samples from KT showed a higher histamine than the European Commission
standard limit (<100 ppm). Therefore, raw materials, processing,and storage condition along the production chain should be evaluated in further study to ensure
the safety of the products.
Keywords: histamine, fermented fish, bacteria count36Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-55
Effectiveness of Different Washing Solution for Bacterial Removal from
Lettuce Collected from Market in Phnom Penh
Panhavatey Sokhoma, Chanthol Pengab*and Oudam HengbaFaculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: peng@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
Lettuce is a leafy vegetable popular for raw or direct consumption without cooking and also has ahigh contamination risk with microorganisms from different sources. Washing and disinfection
are crucial steps for reducing microorganisms of public health concern. The objective of thepresent study was to evaluate and compare the efficacies of different washing solutions, such as
single-use of organic acid citric acid (CA) and acetic acid (AA). Two commercial washingsolutions (CWS-A and CWS-B) purchased from the market were used for comparison too. The
lettuce samples in this study were purchased from the Psar Kilo 4 and Samaki market in Phnom
Penh on the day of the experiment by randomly selected from different vendors. The acetic acidsolution and citric solution were used to wash lettuce samples at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 5%(v/v); CWS-A (NaCl 3%, Citric acid 1%) and CWS-B (NaCl 3%, Acetic acid 4%, Citric acid 1%).
The total plate count was enumerated on Luria Bertani agar to determine the concentration initiallyand after washing with the different washing solutions for 10 min at static conditions. Washingwith deionized water was used as a control. After washing for 10min, acetic acid at 1, 2, 4, and
5% could reduce the total bacteria count for 1.95, 2.79, 3.6, and 3.7 log10CFU/g, respectively.
Citric acid was reduced by 1.55, 1.73, 3.3, and 3.6 log10 CFU/g, respectively. The commercial
product of CWA was reduced to 1.1 log10CFU/g, and CWB was reduced to 1.39 log10CFU/g.
Among all washing solutions, organic acid as acetic and citric acid at a concentration of 4 and 5%
were the most reduced total bacteria count than other conditions. Further study is needed toinvestigate if the potential solution can treat pathogens and affect the leafy vegetable's physicaland nutritional properties.
Keywords: total bacteria count, lettuce, washing solution. bacterial removal

37

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-56
Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Lactic acid bacteria Isolated from
Fermented foods Against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Proteus penneri and theirPotential for Starter Culture
Sineth Cheva*, Siveng Menga, Borarin Buntongb, Chinda Chhec and Rithy ChrunaaFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Dangkor District,Phnom Penh, CambodiabDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Dangkor District,Phnom Penh, CambodiacNational Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Road Number 2,
Sang Kat Chak-AngRe Leu, Khan Mean Chey, Phnom Penh City, Cambodia*Corresponding email: chevsineth9999@gmail.com
Abstract
Fermented fish and vegetables produced by spontaneous fermentation are the most well-known
traditional foods in Cambodia. Even though fermented foods provide health benefits related tonutrition, probiotics, and postbiotics, some of them are not safe due to the survival of humanharmful bacteria. The purpose of this research is to examine in vitro the antibacterial activity oflactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented fish and vegetables against E. coli O157:H7
and Proteus penneri, histamine forming LAB, and the survival of LAB in low pH level and highsalt concentration using pH and salt tolerance tests. LABs were isolated from 134 naturally
fermented fish and vegetables from four different provinces and identified using the Biolog GEN
III MicroStation semi-automated system. The antagonistic properties of these isolates against E.
coli O157:H7, and Proteus penneri were examined using co-culture method at 24, 48, and 72 hours
of incubation times. As results, 36 species of lactic acid bacteria were identified from a total of
134 samples. Seven LAB species out of 36 species can survive at pH 3 for 6 hours, while four ofthese seven LABs can tolerate pH 2. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus
gasseri, Leuconostoc lactis, and Leuconostoc gilidum have a significant capacity to inhibit E. coli
O157:H7 and Proteus penneri growth when compared to control. These five LABs do not produce
histamine and can tolerate up to a 10% salt concentration. All the results demonstrate that
Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Leuconostoc lactis, andLeuconostoc gilidum have a great potential for use as starter cultures for suppressing pathogenic
bacteria growth in fermented fish and vegetables.
Keywords: fermented fish and vegetables, E. coli 0157:h7, lactic acid bacteria, antimicrobialactivity, pH and NaCl tolerance

38

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-59
Evaluation of the Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Histamine-Producing
Bacteria Isolated from Cambodian Prahok
Dana Samoeuna*, Sothalong Topa, Borarin Buntongb, Chind Chhec
and Rithy ChrunaaFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Dangkor District,Phnom Penh, CambodiabDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Dangkor District,Phnom Penh, CambodiacNational Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Road Number 2,
Sang Kat Chak-AngRe Leu, Khan Mean Chey, Phnom Penh City, Cambodia*Corresponding email: samoeundana99@gmail.com
Abstract
Prahok (fermented fish paste) is commonly used as a side dish or condiment in Cambodian cuisine.
Because of the raw material and inadequate hygiene during processing, this type of fermented fish
was frequently loaded with histamine toxicity. The purpose of this study was to examine thepotential histamine-producing bacteria isolated from Prahoks collected from three provinces in
Cambodia and to evaluate the efficacy of local lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in controlling thosehistamine-producing bacteria (HPB). for HPB isolation, modified Niven's agar was used and thebacteria species were identified using the Biolog GEN III Semi-automatic system, while histamine
concentration was quantified using a colourimetric enzyme assay. The antibacterial activity of 14
LAB strains from the stock collection of Laboratory Food Biotechnology, Faculty of AgroIndustry, was used to evaluate their antibacterial activities against HPB using the co-culture
method and compared to a control by growing HPB without LAB. As results, five identified
histamine-producing bacteria isolated from Prahok, including Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella
oxytoca, Morganella morganii, Proteus penneri, and Staphylococcus xylosus, can produce
histamine at levels of more than 200 ppm in vitro. A co-culture examination demonstrated that thegrowth of all potential HPB cultured with three LABs (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus
gasseri, and Lactococcus lactis) of a total 14 LAB strains was inhibited compared to the control.
in conclusion, because the three LABs listed above cannot create histamine, they are promising
candidate LABs to apply in Prahok processing to control HPB as well as histamine levels in the
final product.
Keywords: prahok, histamine producing bacteria, histamine, lactic acid bacteria, antimicrobial

39Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-60
Assessment of Secondary School Students’ Knowledge and Perception
Through Training in Nutrition-Based Wild Food Plants Gardening
Sreypich Chhuna,b*, Lyda Hoka,c, Phanith Choud, David Adere, Leangsrun Cheaa,
and Chantha Sama.baCenter of Excellence on Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Nutrition,
Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiabGraduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiacDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiadFaculty of Development Studies, Royal University of Phnom Penh, CambodiaeSmith Center for International Sustainable Agriculture, University of Tennessee,
United States of America*
Corresponding email: csreypich@rua.edu.kh
Abstractin Cambodia, wild food plants (WFPs) are available for human consumption and medicinal use;
however, many species have been neglected and underutilized. Therefore, enhancing knowledge
on WFPs, which are available and accessible in the local areas particularly to school-aged children,
is a key factor to improve the understanding of nutrition for healthy growth and development. This
study aims to evaluate the effects of training in nutrition-based WFPs gardening to secondary
students on improving perception and knowledge of WFPs. By following the design from cluster
randomized controlled trails (RCTs), 240 students from grade 7 to 11 of two public schools are
randomly selected and classified equally into two groups included treatment group (students
receive training) and control group (students not receive training). The independent t-test is used
to detect significant differences in WFPs’ knowledge and perception between the treatment andcontrol groups. The result is expected that students who attend the training improve theirknowledge and perception toward WFPs as well as the basic knowledge of food and nutrition.
Keywords: wild food plants, nutrition, knowledge, perception, secondary student

40

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-62
Agronomic Characteristic of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis L. Rupr.)
Production in Rainy Season at Lowland Area of Cambodia
Tithya Kanga*, Nimul Chuna, Chhun Honga, Borarin Buntongb, Kimchhin Sokb,
Siranet Roeurnb and Sophoanrith Roba

Svay Rieng University, Cambodia
Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: kang_tithya@mail.sru.edu.khbAbstract
The solution on the issues of unstable supply of vegetable production in Cambodia due to saturated
soil condition during rainy season, leaving the comparative advantage to the neighboring countries,
namely Vietnam and Thailand, has been proposed through the effort of introducing sub-surface
drainage system under our previous experiment technique with Chinese cabbage to determine thepotential in increasing the production period and productivity during rainy season. To explore
further, on-farm experiment was continued to conduct with farmers in Svay Chrum District, Svay
Rieng Province by including the plastic house and net house. The experiment was assumed as aRandomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with a total of 45 plots including 9 combined
treatments and 5 replications. The results of the experiment show positive improvement in termsof yield and growth of the Chinese cabbage at a rate of 23% and 43% for drainage type of T2 andT3; and 97% and 157% for net house and plastic house, respectively. However, the analysis still
excluded the cost effectiveness and efficiency of the experiment due to the absence of detail
expenditures on drainage pipe, construction of the net and plastic house, and water consumption
being excluded.
Keywords: agronomic characteristic, Chinese cabbage, management condition, drainage, rainyseason41

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-66
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Selected Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Cultivars Under Net House Condition
Kimmoy Menga*, Kimeang Thoa, Raby Ngetb and Siranet RoeunbaDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiabFaculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: mengkimmouy9988@gmail.com

Abstract
Drought is an abiotic stress which affects yield and peanut quality in rain fed area. The study ofthis topic is to evaluate the combination of peanut ages and peanut cultivars. This study was started
in late dry season to early rainy season in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It was designed in Randomized
Completed Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor is peanut cultivars which
consists of six cultivars include three local cultivars and three imported cultivars. The second factor
is four different peanut ages. These two factors make 24 treatments in total. There are two main
data which are incubation period (number of days to death while drought) and accumulate wilting
scoring (AWS) which is the sum of day to day wilting score (1-9). The first result shows that
Sarinut 2 (imported cultivars) with drought after 3 weeks old of planting has the highest incubation
period which is 30.5 days. While Yenyawoso (imported cultivars) with drought after 12 weeks oldof planting has the lowest incubation period which is 6.75 days. on the other hand, through kruskalwalis data analyzing shows that each of peanut cultivar has the highest AWS while drought after
12 weeks old and 9 weeks old also shows the highest AWS. Besides six weeks old and 3 weeks
old drought after planting show the lowest in terms of accumulation wilting score. These results
illustrate that the older the peanut is drought, the earlier it will die. Farmers or peanut plantersshould try to prepare a good crop calendar in order not to be effect by drought.
Keywords: drought, peanut

42Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-02
Global and Regional Aspects of Climate Change
Dieter Trautz*
Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrueck, Germany*Corresponding email:d.trautz@hs-osnabrueck de
Abstract
Climate change is safe to be one of the biggest challenges of mankind. Human activities, especiallythe combustion of fossil fuels, contribute to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphereand thus to the pace of climate change. The effects of climate change are already being feit, andthe resulting damage will most likely be enormous worldwide. Following aspects will be addressedin my oral presentation Causes of climate change Climate change versus climate emergency
Planetary bounderies Tipping points Advancement of IPCC-scenarios from 1992- 2021/22
Regional Aspects: Greenhouse gas emissions of hydropower in the Mekong River Basin.
Keywords: climate change, IPCC, tipping points, Mekong river basin, hydropower

43

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-05
Development of Erosion Protection Zones in The Catchment of The Reservoir“Kalimanci”
Ivan Minchev*, Ivan Blinkov, Aleksandar Trendafilov
and Bozhin Trendafilov
Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering,Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, 1000, Republic of North Macedonia*Corresponding email: ivan.minchev@sf.ukim.mk.
Abstract
Construction of reservoirs is a priority for providing sustainability of the water resources. in the
Republic of North Macedonia there are 23 big and over 120 small water reservoirs. on the other
hand, erosion and filling the reservoirs with sediment is one of the main problems of reducing thelifespan of the reservoir. The total annual accumulated sediment in all the reservoirs in the
Republic of Macedonia is 3.000.000 m3 (Erosion map of RM, 1993). The study area of this paper
is “Kalimanci” reservoir in the frames of the catchment of the river Bregalnica. The main method
used to estimate the sediment transport on catchment level is the EPM Gavrilovic method and thevalidity is assessed with the accumulated sediment in the reservoirs. The EPM method only
estimates total transported sediment on one point. in order to estimate how the sediment istransported, re-transported and accumulated in the river bed it was used a hydraulic sedimenttransport model – HEC RAS. Then the critical sub-catchments from erosion point of view aredelineated. Most of the critical subcatchments are situated around the reservoir “Kalimanci”, themiddle of the catchment is with medium severity and the highest parts of the river Bregalnica is
the least critical. The largest part of the sediment transported by the river Bregalnica is depositedin the valleys, almost 75%. With the aggregation of the previous steps, the zones of the reservoir“Kalimanci” from erosion point of view were created.
Keywords: erosion, bathymetry, GIS, zoning, erosive sediment material

44Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-06
Prediction of Land Use Change Using the CA-Markov model: A Case Studyin the Upper Sangkae River Basin, Cambodia
Vanna Cheya, Tadao Yamamotob* and Takashi Inouebab

Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan*Corresponding email: tady@env.agr.hokudai.ac.jp

Abstract
An expansion of agricultural land and diminishment of forest cover in Battambang province has
been recently reported. While the forest cover has decreased, the amount of water resources in theriver is likely to vary. We need to evaluate for future impacts of such a changing landscape. This
study aims to predict changes in land use in 2030 in the upper Sangkae river basin. We predicted
land use changes in 2022 and 2030 using remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze satellite
data from 2014 to 2018 as data input maps in the Cellular automata-Markov model. Meanwhile,
we integrated the CA-Markov model and GIS spatial analyst tools to assess what may have
happened in the presence of policy intervention from land use development planning in 2030. The
model was simulated between the actual and predicted land use in 2022 for accuracy assessment
confirmed by the Kappa Index of Agreement. The modeled scenario, without a land use policy,
predicts the increase in built-up land and the decrease in the natural forest cover in 2030. It points
out that in the absence of a land use policy in development plans, the forest cover will suffer fromcontinued least deforestation because forest clearing seems to reach to protected area boundary. incontrast, with the presence of land use policy from local development planning, the model shows
an increase in forest covers in 2030, even though some areas have been allocated under economic
land concessions for industrial agriculture. Non-forest cover, such as farmlands and paddy fields,
is almost not expected to decline. Nevertheless, built-up land is forecasted to continue dramaticallyincreasing with or without policy intervention. This study sheds light on practical evaluation tools
for governmental land use policy effects. Our attempts will contribute to further research on theimpacts of changes in land use patterns on hydrological environments.
Keywords: CA-Markov model, land use change, land use policy, GIS

45

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-07
Assessment of Windspeed Reduction Efficiency of Tree Windbreaks Systems
using Remote Sensing in Ovche Pole, Macedonia
Ognen Onchevskia*, Ivan Minchevb and Machito Miharacab

Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Toyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Hans Em-Faculty of Forest Science, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering
University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius-Skopje, North MacedoniacFaculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: ognenoncevski@hotmail.com

Abstract
Ovche Pole is one of the most significant agricultural areas in Macedonia. It is considered a sub
dry-humid arid region, with a local climate characterized by low precipitation and high ambient
temperatures during the growing period and prevailing winds which are frequently present
throughout the year. in the 1950s the movement implemented projects for the establishment of tree
windbreaks (field shelterbelts) to reduce wind velocity, protect agricultural land, and increase crop
productivity. Throughout the years a significant part of these tree systems was either lost or
degraded. Even though these tree windbreaks have an important function for the agricultural
production in the region until now there are no scientific studies that assess their current
performance. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the windspeed reduction efficiencyof these systems based on the tree degradation level of windbreaks, optical porosity, and NDVI.
Accordingly, the field measurements for wind velocity, optical porosity, and drone (UAV) survey
were done on 7 (seven) windbreaks sections. At each windbreak site, the level of degradation isdetermined using the photogrammetric method. To determine the windspeed reduction efficiency,
windspeed measurements (using anemometers) are done at one point on the windward side and at
three points on the leeward side. A drone with a multispectral camera is used to extract and record
rernote sensing indices values at each windbreak site. The data of this investigation are still underanalysis; the results and conclusion are presented in the full manuscript.
Keyword: windbreaks, windspeed reduction efficiency, optical, NDVI, Ovche pole region46

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-08
Discussion on Influencing and Limiting Factors on
Sustainable Grape Farming in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
Mohammad Mirwais Yusufia*and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: mirwaisyusufi@gmail.com

Abstract
Viticulture has been an important agricultural arm throughout history in many countries. in Japan,
grape growing areas is 17,800 ha and estimated annual production is 172,700 tons. The leading
prefecture for grape production and winemaking is Yamanashi Prefecture. The land undergrapevine in Yamanashi prefecture is around 3,780 ha with an estimated production of 36,900 tons
per year. in Yamanashi, grape production and winemaking are two main sources which farmer’s
income depends on. Despite many advances in grape and wine production, still productivity andquantity of grape is not satisfied in the whole agricultural society of Yamanashi. The objectives ofthe study were 1) to examine social economic characteristics of grape farmers, 2) factors
influencing and limiting contribution of grape farming to household income, and 3) to assesschallenges facing grape farmers and wine producers in the study area. Therefore, field surveys
were conducted with grape farmers and wine producers supported by structure and semi structure
questionnaires during the ripening and harvesting grape season in 2022. Data was analyzed
descriptively using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The preliminary findings
indicated the average age of those involved in grapevines and wineries are above 60 years old,with a minimum of 30 to 40 years old, grape farming is predominantly male activity and main
source of income. The majority of the respondents had more than 20 years of experience as wellas higher agriculture education background. The result indicated that factors affected by external
environmental influences on grape bunch were light exposure, temperature, humidity, wind,rainfall and physiology of the grapevine by water and nutrients. on the other hand, limited
production factors such as initial investment, labor, small size of land, and depopulation of rural
areas identified the economic challenges and core factors influencing and limiting contribution ofgrape farming to household income. Thereby, if these issues are not considered, the long-term
viability of grape production and winemaking will be at risk.
Keywords: grapevine, challenges, influences, limiting factors, Yamanashi, Japan47

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-13
Characterising Salinity and Identifying the Significance of Salinity
Composition on River Chemistry and Ecosystem Health
Fiona H.M. Henderson* and Barry N. Noller*aSustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Brisbane, Australia*Corresponding email: fiona.h.henderson@gmail.com and b.noller@uq.edu.au

Abstract
Salinity is a measure of dissolved salts (major anions and cations: Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, SO42-,
HCO3-, Cl-,) in soil or water. Natural salinity in rivers can vary in composition due to changes inaquifer lithology, natural salt deposits in the Australian landscape (primary salinity) and salt
accumulation due to land altering activities such as mining or land clearing (secondary salinity).
Monitoring waterway salinity is vital to managing adverse impacts on agriculture, drinking watersupplies and ecosystem health. To date, excess amounts of salinity is a significant issue in regionsof the Murray-Darling Basin in New South Wales, Victoria and south-western Australia. in thispaper, case studies are examined to determine the influence of varying saline characteristics inriver systems associated with mining activities. Generally, electrical conductivity and total
dissolved salts give a significant correlation in river water. Coal mineralization, for example, isknown to drive high concentrations of hardness and alkalinity. It is postulated that salinity
characteristics of high hardness and alkalinity enable buffering capacities in river ecosystems.
Hardness and alkalinity can influence metal speciation and subsequently metal toxicity. As amethod we apply salinity factor k (Total Dissolved Solids [TDS in mg/L /EC in s/cm) to
characterize salinities in river waters. The salinity factor can also be plotted as a cumulative
distribution for various sampling sites to observe differences in salinity factor between various
sites. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a methodology to characterize different sources ofsalinity in river water. Various study examples are drawn from Burdekin River catchment andtributaries in Queensland including proximity to gold mining sites of Mt. Leyshon andRavenswood, and distinguish these from agricultural activities. The consideration of different
sources of salinity provides a means to identify if contributions to salinity are significant todownstream river water quality.
Keywords: salinity, salinity factors, sources, water quality, environmental health48

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-14
Identifying Causes of Heavy Metals Pollution in Cheung Ek Lake, Cambodia
Somara Ouma*, Narong Touchb and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: oum.somara128@gmail.com

Abstract
Water pollution is a serious environmental problem in Cambodia. in Phnom Penh, untreateddomestic wastewater is discharged into Cheung Ek Lake located in the southeast part of the city.
As a result, the water quality has deteriorated, which influences the agricultural activities in thelake. for example, vegetables growing in the lake contain heavy metals. Therefore, the causes ofthese heavy metals should be identified. This study aimed to identify the origin of heavy metals in
Cheung Ek Lake. Water morning glory, wastewater, sediment and fertilizer samples were collected
and pH, EC, DO, NO3-, NH4 PO43-, Fe, Cr, and Cu of the samples were measured. The water
samples were collected from different depths of the inlet, middle, and outlet. The concentration of
Cr and Cu were detected in the surface water at the inlet (Cr 0.02-0.04 mg/L and Cu 0.02-0.07mg/L) and bottom water at the middle (Cr 0.01-0.03 mg/L and Cu 0.13-0.15 mg/L). The
concentration of Cr (3 mg/kg) and Cu (4 mg/kg) were also observed in the water morning glory(Ipomoea aquatica) that grows in the lake. The high Cu concentration was detected in fertilizer
which made it the primary contributor to the Cu contamination of the water morning glory. Whilethe inlet also shows high concentrations of Cr and Cu, which also contribute to the causes ofvegetable and water contamination. The accumulation of heavy metal in the sediment caused
elevated Cu at the bottom water. The low concentration at the surface of the middle was primarily
because of the uptake by plants that grow there, resulting in the high concentration found in water
morning glory plants. To ensure the safe consumption of the vegetables grown in Cheung Ek Lake,a countermeasure with the appropriate technologies should be proposed and implemented forfarmers and in the inlet points.
Keywords: Cheung Ek Lake, heavy metal, Phnom Penh49

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-17
National Versus Local Climatic Variability and Implications for Communities
in Protected Areas: The Case of Lake Malawi National Park
Dickson M. Mazibukob, Lameck Fiwac, Sarvesh Maskeya
and Hiromu Okazawaa*aTokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
University of Malawi, MalawicLilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Malawi*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jp
Abstract
Understanding rainfall dynamics of a nation/region is key to decision making, especially regarding
agriculture. The existing variability at local scale, is crucial to understand how localized climate
fluctuate. for communities interfacing protected areas, such an understanding can determine thelong-term sustainability of such an area. This study aimed to assess the rainfall dynamics of Cape
Maclear and associated villages within Lake Malawi National Park (LIVNP). Using 35-year
annual rainfall data, rainfall trends and return periods. The return period was calculated using
Rainbow; a software package for analyzing data and testing the homogeneity of historical data
sets. MarkSim DSSAT-WG was used for maps. It has been found that Cape Maclear rainfall frends
resonate with national drought events, though with variations. The analysis shows an agreement
between national drought events and local rainfall trends provides a possibility of making
localized predictions of such events. The return period shows annual rainfall of between 500900mm occurs every 2-3 years. Due to the sensitivity and fragility of LMNP ecosystem, there isneed to design local solutions for the communities living within the park to enable themsustainably adapt to future climatic shocks especially rainfall inadequacies.
Keywords: climate, community, drought, rainfall, protected area

50

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-18
Vegetation Description on Regenerative Disturbed Landscape at Lower Slopeof Forest Reserve at Visayas State University
Florante T. Sabejona* and Justino M. QuimiobaDepartment of Forest Science, School of Agribusiness & Forest Resource Management,
Biliran Province State University-Biliran Campus, San Isidro, Biliran, Biliran 6566 PhilippinesbCollege of Forestry and Natural Resources, Visayas State University,
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte 6521 Philippines*Corresponding email: florantesabejon@bipsu.edu.phAbstract
The forest reserve of the Visayas State University had scattered parcels that had been subjected toa variety of past management interventions. The study described the site, physiognomy and species
composition of the forest stands in lower slope of Visayas State University Forest Reserve in
Leyte, Philippines through Braun-Blanquet methodology. It aimed to assess quality of forest interms of structure and species composition. The study had 40 plots, at 20 m x 20 m per plot.
The elevation was 52-160 m. Soil parent material predominantly basalt with some andesite. The
soil type was sandy loam to sandy clay. The area is climatically wet, with rainfall of 3,561 mm/yr.
The vegetation is described as having low partially open canopy, dominated by small to mediumsize trees. More than half (57.7%) of measured trees had DBH of 10-20 cm and about one-fifth(19.6%) had DBH of 21-30 cm. Average stem density for trees having DBH of at least 10 cm was
904 trees/ha. Average wood stock was 710 cu.m./ha.
A total of 248 species, in 79 families and 184 genera were recorded. These included 170 tree
species, 13 shrub, 3 palm, 23 herb, 18 fern, 11 vine, 8 grass, and 1 rattan. The tree layer only had
few high-value timber species, high number of non-premium and pioneer trees. The highly
represented tree families were Euphorbiaceae with 14 species, Moraceae 14, Dipterocarpaceae 13,
Mimosaceae 6, Caesalpiniaceae 5, Combretaceae 5, Guttiferae 5, Meliaceae with 5 species. inconclusion, premium timber in the area were mostly planted. Regeneration of forest species was
generally very slow due to absence of mother trees. Forest tree diversity can be restored only bydirect planting. It is recommended that a clear restoration plan for tree diversity enrichment in thearea be crafted and implemented with a degree of urgency.
Keywords: species inventory, tree diversity enrichment, forest restoration plan, vegetation
physiognomy, floristic diversity

51Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-19
Growth and Mineral Uptake of Moringa oleifera Lam. in Low-Permeability
Soils at Different Salinity Levels
Takashi Kumea*, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaib, Tetsuya Shimamuraa and Shinsuke HarutaaaEhime University, Japan
Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: kume@ehime-u.ac.jpbAbstract
This study investigated the uptake of minerals by moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) and examined
the salt tolerance of moringa under different salinity treatments (0, 4, 8, 16 dS/m). The effect ofroot growth on soil permeability at different salinity levels was also examined. Moringa showedsignificant negative effects of salinity on growth parameters at 8 dS/m. Significant growth
inhibition was observed for moringa at 16 dS/m. The higher C/F ratios, calculated as (assimilatedorgan mass) / (nonassimilated organ mass), in moringa in the 16 dS/m treatment may be due to theinhibition of nitrogen uptake by the roots, causing photosynthesis in the leaves to produce
assimilates to sustain the body of the tree. In the aboveground plant parts (branches and stems),
the mineral concentrations of Fe and Mg showed a tendency to decrease with increasing Na
concentration, while in the roots, the P concentration increased with increasing Na concentration.
It was suggested that moringa roots may have promoted growth by increasing P uptake in response
to increased Na. The correlation matrix of the mineral concentrations in each organ showed that
correlations with Na were significant only for Fe in stems (r = -0.566, p = 0.004), Mg (r = -0.417,
p = 0.04) and P in branches (r = -0.452, p = 0.03) and P in roots (r = 0.631, p = 0.001). There wereno significant correlations between the Na concentration and the other mineral concentrations,which were independent of each other. It was suggested that increases in soil salinity and Na
concentration do not inhibit the uptake of minerals by moringa. There was a positive correlation
between the length of moringa main roots and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The saturated
hydraulic conductivity of the soil without moringa cultivation was 1.1 × 10 -6 cm/s, and moringa
root growth increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity by two orders of magnitude (10 -4 cm/s)
at 0 and 4 dS/m and by one order of magnitude (10 -5 cm/s) at 8 and 16 dS/m. There was a positive
correlation between root dry weight and the length and circumference of the main root (length: r= 0.99, p = 0.0006; circumference: r = 0.98, p = 0.001).
Keywords: moringa, soil salinity, root growth, mineral uptake, soil permeability52

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-20
Influence of Native Trees on Soil Fertility in The Rainforestation Site in
Mailhi, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Lorraine Cristy E. Cenizaa*, Jimmy O. Pogosaa, Marlito M. Bandea and Victor B. AsiobaInstitute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management, Visayas State University,
Baybay City, Leyte, Philippinesb
Department of Soil Science, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines*Corresponding email: lorrainecristy.ceniza@vsu.edu.phAbstract
The Philippines is one of the few countries in the world which was originally and thoroughly
covered by rain forest. The conversion of natural forests to agricultural land uses has led to landdegradation. Soil is a vital resource for human survival in that it is the medium in which mostplants grow, it cleans and stores water, detoxifies pollutants, and plays a key role in the regulationof the Earth’s temperature. One of the intentions of rainforestation farming (planting of native tree
species) is to regenerate the soil fertility. However, the effect of native forest trees on soil fertility
is still poorly understood. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of native trees
on the fertility status of the soil in Mailhi, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines. Two adjacent sites
were evaluated and sampled. These were the 22-year old rainforestation farm and the nearby
coconut plantation. in each site a 20m x 20m plot for sampling purposes was established which
was divided into four parts. in each part, four (4) composite soil surface samples were collectedfrom the 0-20 cm soil depth using a soil auger. Each of the four composite samples came fromthree (3) subsamples. The subsamples were mixed and one-half kilogram was placed in properly
labelled plastic bags and brought for processing and laboratory analysis. Results revealed that therainforestation farm when compared with the nearby coconut plantation did not have an effect onwater holding capacity and soil pH but significantly increased the organic matter and total N
contents of the soil. on the other hand, available P and exchangeable K were lower in the soil undernative tree species compared to the coconut plantation. The results indicate that indeed, the native
trees in the rainforestation site have caused important changes to the fertility status of the soils.
Keywords: rainforestation, native trees, soil fertility

53

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-22
Nitrogen Removal from Mining Dewatering and Fate of Water Release to a
River
Barry N. Noller*
Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Brisbane, Australia*Corresponding email: b.noller@uq.edu.au
Abstract
Seepage water in underground mining voids arises from interception with aquifers that may
become contaminated with nitrogen-based explosive during underground blasting operations. The
nitrogen-contaminated water may be pumped from underground mining voids and stored at thesurface or discharged to a nearby river without treatment if sufficient dilution is achieved tominimize effects to the aquatic environment and pastoral activities. Maximum nitrogenconcentration in dewatering water was observed to be 200 times the receiving water of the nearby
river when compared against ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) water quality guidelines. This study
sought to identify sources of nitrogen contamination of underground seepage water, pumped to thesurface for discharge to the nearby river. The level of protection (for an aquatic ecosystem)
specified the water quality objectives to be achieved following water release. The
ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) has three levels of aquatic ecosystem protection, and ‘Level 2
Aquatic Ecosystem’ was selected being described as applying to a slightly–moderately disturbed
systems including rural streams receiving runoff from land disturbed to varying degrees by grazingor pastoralism, nearby or adjacent to metropolitan areas. The study considered river flow data,
underground dewatering production, discharge rates and river water quality for upstream anddownstream of the discharge point, quantities of explosives used underground at specified %nitrogen in explosives estimated to remain following blasting. The most important nitrogen form
present in the mine discharge wastewater was found to be oxidized nitrogen (>93%). Only 0.54 %of end of pipe discharge was measurable in the downstream river and indicated that rapid dilution
and removal of oxidized nitrogen (nitrate/nitrite) by biota could be achieved. The level of nitrite
plus nitrate-N expressed as load discharged to the river showed that the quantity of nitrogen
discharged was similar in magnitude to the spillage of 4% explosive.
Keywords: nitrogen, explosive, mining, dewatering, water release, effects, aquatic species

54

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-29
Assessment of Socio-economic Damage Due to Flood Events at the Southern
Part of Phnom Penh Capital City, Cambodia
Chanbora Kaoa,b, Ty Sokb,c*, Sophearum Phy, Sophal Tryb,d, Ratboren Chanb,c, Ilan Ichb
and Chantha OeurngbaMaster of Water and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, CambodiabFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, CambodiacResearcher and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, CambodiadDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japane
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan*Corresponding email: sokty@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Disaster managers and decision makers increasingly recognize the benefit of tools that directlytranslate the flood hazard (flood extension during the events) into the expected socio-economic
impacts (the affected population and economic term). While previous studies focused on the widereaching flood impacts at local or regional scales, this paper presents a simple approach forestimating the fine and local scale at the impact area. This study aims to establish the flood damage
function and assess the direct economic loss due to flood events in the southern part of the Phnom
Penh Capital City of Cambodia. The study is applying Google Earth Engine (GEE) using Sentinel1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to assess floods, including the generating of the flood extent andflood depth. While the impact assessment module translates the flood extents and depths estimatedby the flood map module into quantitative assessments of socio-economic impacts. This is done
based on a combination of the flood depths with information about socio-economic exposure andeconomic vulnerability in the flooded area. It has been decided to separate the impacts into
categories that can be expressed in quantitative terms. The study included: the population in theflooded area, economic losses, and affected critical infrastructure. The study is helpful for rapid
flood impact in terms of economic value.
Keywords: socio-economic exposure, economic vulnerability, PHNOM PENH CAPITAL,
Cambodia55

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-30
Drought Threshold and Drought Monitoring Using Google Earth Engine in
Prek Thnot River Basin
Kimsor Ola, Ty Soka,b*, Kimsan Chana, Ilan Icha, Ratboren Chana,Band Chantha OeurngaaFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Russian Federation Blvd, Phnom Penh, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation
Blvd, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: sokty@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
The leading natural disaster in Cambodia is flooding, and public awareness typically overlooks
what comes the second, which is drought. Agriculture is indeed important in this country because
most people rely on it, especially rice farming, which needs a huge amount of water, so drought is
as harmful as a flood to agriculture if there is no precaution and a better understanding of droughtin the basin. Consequently, this paper aims to classify drought events using the standard
precipitation index (SPI) and the standard streamflow index (SSI) to identify the drought thresholdand confirm the drought events with NDVI in Prek Thnot of Cambodia facing both flood anddrought hazards. Nevertheless, how do we know that in the units of a millimeter or cubic meter
per second? The answer lies in this study within the drought threshold. The initial objectives weresatisfied by the use of precipitation and streamflow historic data from 1997-2020 from stations in
the basin and spatial data from Google Earth Engine. The results demonstrated that drought
frequency from one station to another was different. Similarly, the drought threshold varied not
only from station to station but also from month to month. Rather than confirming drought eventsin 2002 and 2004 in Cambodia, the hydrological station in the basin also confirmed the drought
events in 2016 with agreement from NDVI visually cross-checked. The study has set up the
drought threshold for the tropical basin.
Keywords: drought, Prek Thnot river basin, SPI, SSI, threshold

56

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-31
Watershed Health Condition Linkage with Anthropogenic at Tropical
Watershed Scale
Sreyluch Phala, Ty Soka,B*, Sotheanea Khea, Kimsan Chana, Sophanny Phana, Veasna Lya
and Chantha OeurngaaFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: sokty@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
Regarding human and environmental health, the watershed is the best unit for assessing water
resources and planning and managing land use. It is an interesting topic for both hydrologists andecologists. Watershed health assessment is one of the most practical methods for defining theconditions and dynamics of watersheds. The overall goal of this study is to use a new approachbased on spatial analysis to assess historical and current watershed health using a geographic
information system (GIS) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique. The proposed
method (AHP) employs nine parameters, including land use/land cover (LULC), Soil Type,
Precipitation, and Slope is applied in the Prek Thnot Watershed (PTW) in Cambodia as theexample of tropical watershed scale. As a general assumption of assessing watershed susceptibility
based on how each parameter influences the overall watershed health, the selected parameters arepresented in GIS raster maps for assessing watershed health. A quantitative rating was used withweighted sum overlay analysis to reclassify sub-criteria values and generate a final vulnerability
map with the watershed vulnerability level zone categories. The results revealed five vulnerability
categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The downstream area, primarily
dominated by agricultural land, and the area that receives a high amount of average annual
precipitation, sediment load, and nitrate load, are mostly determined to have very highsusceptibility levels.
Keywords: Prek Thnot river basin, analytical hierarchy process, watershed health vulnerability

57

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-32
Surface Water Quality Characteristics in 9C Region of the Mekong River
Sophanny Phana, Ty Soka,b*, Veasna Lya, Sreyluch Phala, Kimsan Chana,Vinhteang Kainga and Chantha OeurngaaFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: sokty@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
Surface water quality is vulnerable to pollution from runoff which is contributed by multiple
natural factors such as intensity and composition of rainwater, chemical reactions between waterand soil or sediment, biochemical reaction, surface water, groundwater interactions, as well as
human activities. This research focused on the assessment of surface water quality and aims toidentify the correlation between water quality parameters and analysis of the water quality
parameter using the Cluster Analysis method and Principal Component Analysis method.
Multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis(PCA) were applied for the assessment of spatial and temporal variations of a complex water
quality data set of the 9C region (Tonle Sap Lake basin), generated for more than 20 years (1986–2011) by monitoring of 16 parameters specifically the water temperature, pH, Total suspended
solids (TSS), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), potassium (K), sodium sulphate(SO4), Selenium (Si), Chloride (Cl), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Total Phosphorus (TOTP),
Ammonium Nitrogen (NH4), Conductivity (COND), Electroconductivity (EC) and Alkalinity(Alk) at different sites. The positive significant correlation coefficient in Tonle Sap is between
Alkalinity and Conductivity According to the water quality characteristics, hierarchical cluster
analysis (CA) grouped 15 sampling sites of Tonle Sap into two different clusters. PCA applied to thedata sets thus obtained ten latent factors with sixteen water quality parameters, explaining 65.93%.
This study highlights the usefulness of multivariate statistical assessment of complex databases in
the identification of pollution sources to better comprehend the spatial and temporal variations for
effective river water quality management.
Keywords: Cluster Analysis (CA), correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA),
surface water quality

58Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-33
Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Wastewater Treatment Performanceusing Anaerobic Baffled Reactor and Anaerobic Filter
Kimeng Soua,b, Borith Panga,b, Sotheara Houra, Sreyleak Khorna,
Chanmonineth Srenga, Rathborey Chana, Phaly Hama,c and Saret Buna*a

Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiabWater and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiacWater and Environment Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology ofCambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: saret@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and anaerobic filter (AF) are regarded as promising systems
compared to septic tank since it can maintain high treatment performance under high organic
loading and various compartments and media designed play a significant role in the degradationof organic. However, research on ABR and AF performance for comparative purpose is still
limited in previous research under a single study with the same condition and environment.
Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of ABR and AF
consisting of 5 compartments and operating at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 and 24 hours.
The biomass in both reactors grew substantially following more extended operation while 70% ofsponge bio-media was submerged in each AF compartment. The feeding wastewater had pH, TSS,
COD, and BOD values of 4.55 – 8.92, 130.38 ± 40.05 mg/L, 871.24 ± 153.3 mg/L, and 275.88 ±87.44 mg/L, respectively. Both reactors were found to reach steady-state conditions at aroundweek 12th. Average removal of TSS at all reactors was between 76.4% and 88.45%. Alkalinity
and VFA were also measured at 125. 8 mg/L and 576.7 mg/L, showing a ratio lower than 0.21.
Furthermore, for ABR-12hr and 24 hours, the average COD elimination was 39.34% and 50.14%,
respectively, while it is 55.74% and 73.56% for AF 12 and 24 hours. To sum up, AF with 24 hours
outperforms the other three conditions. Precisely, the removal of the ABR's first port was 23.24%,
while the AF could accomplish up to 31.08%. It is almost 10% removal efficiency in the AFcompared to ABR. Based on a first-order kinetic degradation rate of 0.015 h-1, turbidity removal
via the sponge media reaches 90% within 24 hours and the removal of organic compounds in ABR
and AF may proceed via degradation and adsorption through the sponge. The sponge medium,
which helps to hold a settled particle in the reactor and was the habitat for microbial growth, may
be responsible for COD removal.
Keywords: anaerobic baffled reactor, anaerobic filter, hydraulic retention time59Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-34
Comparison Removal Performance of Conventional Septic Tank and Imhoff
Tank in Treating Medium-strength Domestic Wastewater
Sokmean Sana, Saret Bunb, Chanthang China, Kimeng Soua, Borith Panga, Phaly Hamband Rathborey Chanb*aWaster and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School, Institute of Technology ofCambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiabFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: chanrathborey@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Wastewater has become one of the most concerning issues in Cambodia, as the country's legal
framework aimed at promoting effective and sustainable sanitation and wastewater management
would be effectively controlled by 2050. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems, as analternative to centralized treatment systems, are determined to be promising technologies fordeveloping countries with limited resources to effectively manage sanitation and wastewater
management issues. A conventional septic tank and an Imhoff tank have been chosen as alternative
treatment systems for small industries and individual households because they have no operating
costs. Within 24 hours of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), both systems could remove organic
residuals of lower than 50%. However, when HRT is extended beyond 24 hours, there is limited
reporting from both systems. Furthermore, no study in Southeast Asian countries has found thecomparative effectiveness of both systems operating under the same conditions. As a consequence,
the main objective of this research is to compare the removal efficiency of a conventional septictank with two chambers (2:1 ratio) and an Imhoff tank operating at an HRT of 48 hours. There
was no sludge seed in either reactor at the start. Thus, the increase in active microorganisms inreactors is proportional to the length of operation time. The fluctuation of total alkalinity (TA) andvolatile fatty acid (VFA) was observed to be caused by both reactors, which did not reach thesteady stage condition during the first 9 weeks of operation. After 10 weeks of operation forward,
steady stage conditioning was reached and TA and VFA in both reactors were observed at 485530 mg/L as CaCO3 and 163-282 mg/L as CH3COOH. This range (0.1-0.33 VFA/TA ratio)
showed the capability of the system to move from the fermentation process to the methanogenesis
process. in terms of removal performance, the septic tank could remove the total suspended solid(TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 73%, 51%,
and 57% while they were observed only 60.2%, 48.5%, and 39.3% in Imhoff tank, respectively.
Based on these results, septic tank performance was found to outperform Imhoff tank removal
efficiency. It is caused in this case by two chambers connected in series in the septic tank, whichfunction as the main organic digestion port and complimentary port. in contrast, the Imhoff tankhas only one chamber, which poses a high risk to microorganisms when the organic loading in thesystem fluctuates.
Keywords: septic tank, Imhoff tank, medium-strength domestic wastewater, hydraulic retention
time

60

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-35
Implementation of Land Use and Land Cover LULC 2020-ESRI Global Map
to Estimate Soil Erosion in Stung Sangkae River Catchment, Cambodia
Sakdanuphol Chana, Nareth Nuta*, Kakada Sournga, Dyna Thenga,
and Machito MiharababFaculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: nnareth@rua.edu.kh

Abstract
Soil erosion is a global problem that threatens human health and lives, and it is a major obstacle
to agriculture and food production. in recent years, the Stung Sangkae river catchment has sufferedfrom floodings caused by heavy rains. in addition, the soil erosion from flooding caused damage
to agricultural crops due to loss of soil fertility from the soil surface, landslides, and damage toinfrastructures in Battambang province. The main objectives of this study were 1) to determine theamount of erosion in the Stung Sangkae catchment in 2020 and 2) to analyze the potential
geographical area of erosion in the Stung Sangkae catchment. The Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) tool was used to estimate soil erosion in the Stung Sangkae catchment and requires somedata such as recorded rainfall data, digital elevation model (DEM) data, soil type, and land use andland cover data derived from land use and land lover (LULC) 2020-ESRI global map. As a result,the average annual low erosion rate was from 0.2 to 7.1 tons/hectare/year and high erosion rate
was between 13.8 and 75.1 tons/hectare/year were found in the upstream of Stung Sangkae
catchment. The total annual soil loss was 1,437,087 tons/year of erosion in 2020 for the Stung
Sangkae catchment. in addition, the most areas prone to erosion are mostly agricultural uplands inthe upper reaches of the Stung Sangkae river. To reduce the amount of excessive soil erosion, we
should consider the implementation of some mitigating measures to protect and conserve the soil
erosion in the catchment such as the implementation of 1) biological methods, including contour
planting, cover crops, mix cropping, zero tillage and minimum tillage, mulching, and selective
weeding and 2) mechanical methods, including stone terraces, drains, earth bunds, and preparationof terraces.
Keywords: RUSLE model, soil erosion, Stung Sangkae catchment, LULC 2020-ESRI global
map

61

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-36
Impacts of Land Use/Land Cover Change on Soil Erosion in Stung Sangkae
Catchment using APEX Model
Sakdanuphol Chana*, Sokphalratanak Phema, Nareth Nuta and Machito MiharabaFaculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiabFaculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email:chansakdanuphol2014@gmail.com

Abstract
Stung Sangkae is one of the key sources of water for the foundation of city development inBattambang province, Cambodia. The main objectives of this study are to: 1) estimate land usechange from 2002 to 2020 in Stung Sangkae catchment, 2) simulate and predict stream flow andsediment yield between land use from JICA in 2002 and land use from ESRI in 2020. in this study,
Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender Model (APEX) tool is used to model monthly runoff
in Stung Sangkae from 2007 to 2018, while we used the DEM, land use, soil type, weather data,
cultivated calendar data, and observed flow data are also applied for the model simulation. As theresult, monthly streamflow calibration and validation are acceptable (R2 > 0.5, NSE > 0.5, PBIAS≤ ±25) for both land use of JICA and ESRI. However, changes in land use between 2002 to 2020
due to deforestation (11.5%), loss of grassland (12.2%), and expansions of agricultural land
(18.8%), urban area (2.7%), and shrubland (2.1%) have increased the mean annual flow andsediment yield from 0−91 m3/s and 6.7−7.2 t/ha/yr, respectively. Additionally, the predicted
sediment yield from 2020 to 2030 have increased 3.5 t/ha/yr. we can conclude that APEX model
is suitable to simulate current and future changes in hydrological variables of streamflow, sedimentyield, and nutrients. The results of this study can be useful for development planners, decision
makers and other stakeholders. Strategies for managing water resources in Stung Sangkae
catchment should be used to adapt the future climate change.
Keywords: APEX model, land use/land cover, sediment yield, soil erosion, Stung Sangkae
catchment62

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-37
Attributing Variation of Spatio-Temporal of Groundwater Level and
Recharge in Cambodian Mekong Delta
Penglong Kouna,b, Ty Sokb,c*, Ilan Ichb, Kimsan Channb, Sameth Chanb
and Chantha OeurngbaMaster of Water and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, CambodiabFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh, CambodiacResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: sokty@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Challenging climate change and increasing population and development, it is critical to understandgroundwater level conditions, trends, and recharge patterns in order to manage water supplies
sustainably and predict water shortages. Prey Veng and Svay Rieng provinces in Cambodian
Mekong Delta have the most intensive groundwater use and exploitation for domestic andagricultural purposes. However, groundwater level fluctuation and recharge patterns are notalways known, and there is no scientific proof. The study aims to assess the Spatio-temporal
groundwater level trend direction and trend magnitude for 28 monitoring wells in Cambodia’s
most intensive groundwater exploitation. The Spatio-temporal variation trend in the groundwaterlevel indicates a decline in most groundwater monitoring wells in the study area. in comparison,
the trend of rainfall is significantly decreasing 2020 over the study periods. The trend magnitudein Prey Veng and Svay Rieng is approximately 0.25m/year and 0.24m/year in the dry season from
1996-2008 and 2015-2020, respectively. This study is expected to close knowledge gaps andcontribute to a more robust evaluation of groundwater resources.
Keywords: groundwater recharge, Mann-Kendall test, Mekong delta, trend magnitude, watertable fluctuation

63

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-38
Estimation of Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Model and GIS in
Rotanak Mondol District, Battambang Province, Cambodia
Viream Rornga*, Nareth Nuta, Sakdanuphol Chana, Dyna Thenga
and Machito MiharababFaculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: viream33@gmail.com

Abstract
Agricultural expansion and urban development without proper soil erosion control measures havebecome major environmental problems in Cambodia. Due to a high population growth rate andincreased economic activities, land use and land cover (LULC) changes will cause environmental
disturbances, particularly soil erosion. in northwestern part of Cambodia, conservation agriculture
is being promoted to mitigate environmental issues through agricultural practices, especially soil
erosion which lead to lose the nutrient from the topsoil. This research aimed to estimate total
amount of soil loss by comparing the soil loss under conservation agriculture (CA) andconventional tillage (CT), and to map spatial distribution of soil loss using the Revised Universal
Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model intergraded with a Geographic Information System (GIS)
environment. GIS and RUSLE model is useful tools to building soil erosion maps and defining
vulnerable areas through spatial distribution data. LULC 2020-ESRI global maps was used todetermine the coefficient of control of land use and land cover (C & P factor) in practice in the
RUSLE. The results showed that the average soil loss from Rottanak Mondul district was 3.95
tons/ha for conservation agriculture practice and 6.64 tons/ha for traditional agriculture practice.
The estimation of total soil loss in 2020 was 313,204 tons/year for conservation agriculture practiceand 525,651 tons/year for traditional farming practice. Thus, we observe that conservation
agriculture has significantly contributed to the prevention of erosion and made agricultural practicemore sustainable, while understanding the root cause of soil loss would define an accurate data
supporting the conservation and sustainable use of land and natural resources. The results will becontributing to a baseline study, and it will be useful for developing conservation plans and policy
reform to the catchment area.
Keywords: soil erosion, GIS, RUSLE , conservation agriculture, conventional tillage, LULC
2020- ESRI

64

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-39
Selection and Optimization Preparation Conditions of Various Raw Materials
for Inoculation of Lactic Acid Bacteria under Ambient Temperature
Chanthang China, Solida Sima, Ratboren Chanb, Saret Bunb, Vireak Metb, Kimeng Soua,
Phaly Hamb, Chanthol Pengc and Rathborey Chanb*aWaster and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School, Institute of Technology ofCambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiabFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiacFaculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: chanrathborey@itc.edu.kh,
Abstract
An activated microorganism (EM) containing most lactic acid bacteria (LAB) should decompose
the organic matter in wastewater by converting it to carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4).
Moreover, enhancing degradation activity using the EM in the septic tank could further reduce
sludge volume, resulting in higher removal performance of the organic and longer operation andmaintenance of the septic tank system. As known the LAB is gram-positive and the inoculation
process of this bacteria from household food waste could conduce using a simple and low-cost
technique within the ambient temperature. However, the information on the proper method for the
preparation of raw materials for culturing LAB bacteria is limited in Cambodia. Moreover, theselection of the proper raw material has also not been identified yet. Therefore, the main objectiveof this research is to select and optimize the preparation conditions of raw materials such as rice,vegetable and fruit waste, and organic waste for maximum LAB growth. The culturing of the LAB
from those materials was examined through natural growth, additional nutrients, additional
glucose, and additional both nutrient and glucose. Culturing was conducted in triplicated for 30days while samples were selected once per two days interval. At the initial stage, the pH value ofbatch tests varied from 4.5-4.9 while this value decreased to 3.0 after 30 days of operation. Basedon the data from the measuring turbidity method (OD600nm), the highest growth of lactic acidbacteria was estimated in rice (OD600nm = 2.18) followed by organic waste (OD600nm = 2.08) andvegetable and fruits waste (OD600nm = 1.95). Similarly, the mixing of raw material with tape water
could maintain the high growth of LAB. in contrast, additional glucose and nutrient in the sample
could inhabit LAB growth by 10-40%. in addition, the maximum LAB growth could reach within
2 weeks of inoculation.
Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, rice, vegetables, fruits, organic waste

65Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-40
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) by using
Coated Titanium Dioxide in Plastic Media carry in Immobilized Annular
Tube Reactor
Sakada Yema,b, Rathborey Chana, Saret Buna , and Phaly Hama,c*aFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Phnom Penh, CambodiabWater and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiacWater and Environment Unit, Research and Innovation Center,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: ham.phaly@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is generally regarded as an innovative and promising process forvolatile organic compound (VOC) removal. This technique bases on destructive compound inwhich generates environmentally benign end products (i.e., carbon dioxide, water, and lessharmful constituents). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most frequently used photocatalyst due totheir availability, low cost, chemical stability, and non-toxic characteristics. However, theperformance of VOC degradation is limited by selective photocatalyst type and the operational
conditions. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of VOC concentration, gas
retention time, and photocatalyst recycle test on the removal efficiency that carried out animmobilized annular tube reactor, by using coated TiO2 on plastic media and UVC lamp as thecatalyst and light source, respectively. There is a clear trend of increasing of VOC removal
efficiency from 41% at operation gas retention time 0.5 min to 94% at RHT = 10 min. The resultin batch operation suggests that 2 min of gas retention time is an optimum condition (less time andhigh efficiency) for the VOC gas degradation. Moreover, it can be observed that the VOC removal
efficiency significantly depended on its operational inlet concentration which decreased from 90%
at Cin =120 ppmv to 57% at Cin = 1000 ppmv. Interestingly, the selective photocatalyst 5TPcB wastested five times recycles. The result indicated that it was remained the high efficiency anddurability toward degrade VOC in gas phase.
Keywords: Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO), Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), Titanium
dioxide (TiO2)

66

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-42
A Comparison of Organic Matter Dynamics Among Degraded, Dam Restored
and Preserved Peat Swamp Forest
Tetsuya Shimamuraa*, Rie Neishia, Erna S. Poesieb, Kuniyasu Momosea,
Ikuo Ninomiyaa and Swido H. LiminbaEhime University, Japan
University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia*Corresponding email: simamura@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp.
bAbstract
Development of tropical peatland has triggered serious environmental problems such as forest andpeat fire, loss of biodiversity and emission of greenhouse gases. Dam construction has been
expected to decrease vulnerability of peatlands to fire, enhance regeneration of degraded lands.
The present study investigates the effects of dam restoration on organic matter dynamics which
regulates peat condition.
We laid out three types of research site in Palagnkaraya, Central Kalimantan Indonesia lessdrained forest, drained forest dam restored forest. Both drained and dam restored forest had
experienced drainage in 1995, but dams were constructed in the dam restored site in 2005. Withineach site, we measured litter-fall, fine root production and decomposition as indices of peat
accumulation rate, water table and soil moisture.
Mean water table and mean soil moisture of dam constructed site were significantly higher thanthose of drained forest, although they were not higher than that of less-drained forest. Litter fall
and fine root production showed the highest at less-drained forest and the lowest at dam restoredsite. There was no difference in decomposition constant among the study sites. We applied theobtained variables to a model which estimates amount of peat increase or decrease. The result
showed amounts of peat accumulation after 5 years are 1.01, 0.09 and -0.722 kg/m2 in lessdrained, drained and dam-restored site, respectively. The result showed dam construction site
showed peat loss, while drained forest showed least accumulation. A possible explanation for theobserved result is increased primary production in drained forests caused by reduction of flooding
stress and increased nutrient supply from oxidized peat.
Keywords: tropical peat swamp forest, production, decomposition, dam construction67Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-43
Evaluation of Different Satellite Image Products with Ground Data in
Estimation Sediment Transport in Latest Tonle Sap Lake Tributary
Veasna Lya, Ty Soka,b*, Sophanny Phana, Sreyluch Phala, Kimsan Chana,
Ratboren Chana,b and Chantha OeurngaaFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Russian Federation Blvd., Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation
Blvd., Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*
Corresponding email: sokty@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
Sediment transport is a naturally occurring process, the results we see all around us. on geomorphic
time scales, the shapes of our rivers, coastlines, canyons, and mountains are largely made due toerosion, sediment transport, and deposition. The advantage of sediment transport is improving
operation and maintenance costs, reducing environmental impacts, and optimizing beneficial usesof sediment. Sediment transport is particularly concerned with water quality and quantity in Tonle
Sap Lake (TSL), especially in large tributaries such as Stung Sen River basin. This study aimed to
set up Google Earth Engine (GEE) model to estimate the amount of turbidity (TU), total suspended
solids (TSS), and sediment transport. Initially, assemble the correlation using remote sensing fromsatellite products (MODIS, Landsat, and Sentinel-2) with ground data of TU for prediction andvalidation use. in this study, we evaluated and selected Sentinel-2 to estimate. in addition, provide
TU measures to assess with TSS analysis to build a correlation in the river basin at Stung Sen
River. With four analysis runs, the coefficient of determination (R2) value for each parameter was
0.95. Finally, using the flow data observation from the hydrological station at Stung Sen in 20192020 to estimate sediment load. Subsequently, this study provides an insightful overview andunderstanding of the sediment load at Stung Sen River of Tonle Lake Basin.
Keywords: NDTI, sediment loads, sentinel-2, turbidity, and TSS

68Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-44
Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Aeromonas Spp. in Mono
Cage Culture of Channa Micropeltes
a

a*

a

Vannmei LY , Chanthol PENG , Oudam Heng and Domenico CarusobaResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, RussianFederation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, CambodiabInstitute of Research for Development, Montpellier, France*Corresponding author: peng@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Misuse and overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture have led to the development of antibioticresistant bacteria, causing a public health concern. This study aims to determine the antibiotic
susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli and Aeromonas spp. in mono cage culture of Channa
Micropeltes (MGi) and to evaluate their physiochemical water quality. Fish, water, and sediment
samples were collected from 5 cages in Phat Sanday (PS) communes, Cambodia. Aeromonas
spp., and E. coli were determined using the spread plate method for fish and sediment samples
on selective media; the filtration technique was used for the water samples. Eight antibiotics usedin aquaculture and human: Oxolinic acid (OA, 2µg), Ampicillin (AMP, 10µg), Erythromycin (E,15µg), Florfenicol (FFC, 30µg), Gentamicin (CN, 10 µg), Trimethoprim (W, 1.25µg),
Ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 µg), and Cefpodoxime (CPD, 10µg) used for antibiotic susceptibility test
by disk diffusion method and the normalized resistance interpretation method for resistant orsusceptible classification. Eight strains of isolated Aeromonas spp. were confirmed by matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, including
Aeromonas jandaei (n=2), Aeromonas veronii (n=1) and Aeromonas caviae (n=1) detected inwater, while Aeromonas hydrophila (n=3) and Aeromonas veronii (n=1) detected in fish samples.
Aeromonas spp. was found to be resistant to AMP (100%), followed by CIP (88%) and OA(63%). While 100% susceptible to CN. 55 E. coli were isolated and were resistant to AMP (67%),
W (49%), and OA (47%). The pH (6.69 to 6.79), temperature (29.68 to 29.83℃), Total Dissolved
Solid (54 to 58 mg/L), and Electrical Conductivity (108 to 123.6 µs/cm) were reported in an
acceptable range for water. Dissolved Oxygen (3.09 to 3.82 mg/L), Oxidation Reduction Potential(98.6 to 123.6 mV) were below the recommended range. Therefore, a management strategy inaquaculture farms is needed to improve productivity and reduce the health risk.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, aquaculture, Channa Micropeltes

69Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-45
Analysis of Flood Characteristics Under Different Upstream Water Release
Scenarios in The Prek Thnot River Basin
Sameth Chana, Ty Soka,b*, Ilan Icha, Davin Tesa, Vuthy Saya, Ratboren Chana,b,Sophal Tryc and Chantha OeurngaaFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiabResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiacDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan*
Corresponding email: sokty@itc.edu.kh

Abstract
The Prek Thnot River Basin's largest risk of damage is flooding. The downstream of the basin isthreatening Cambodia’s Capital city, Phnom Penh, and recently in 2020. The hydrological system
is influenced by several factors, with discharge and rainfall being two of the most significant. The
availability of water as well as the frequency of droughts and floods are impacted by variations inrainfall. Additionally, this natural disaster had an impact on some parts of the Prek Thnot River
Basin, particularly the Southern part of Phnom Penh. The objective of this study is to evaluate
flood inundation using various discharges with the integration of the SWAT model and HEC-RAS.
This study set up the HEC-RAS model and provided maps of the flood depth and flood extent.
Four flood events—2000, the most significant flood event; 2001; 2010, and 2020—are simulatedby the HEC-RAS model through the input flow from Hydrological Model (SWAT). for these
events, hydrographs, flood depth maps, and flood extent maps were generated. Overall, Prek Thnot
River Basin HEC-RAS modeling performs well in terms of river discharge and flood extent. The
calibration and validation results for each flood event showed good agreement between thesimulated and observed discharges. Briefly, the scenarios of R20, R30, and R40, resulted in a
reduction in the area of flood inundation from 113 km2, 100 km2, and 77 km2, respectively, at
depths of 0 to 2 m in 2020. The study has been providing a useful model for quick assessment of
the flood study.
Keywords: flood inundation, upstream water release, Prek Thnot River Basin, HEC-RAS

70

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-46
Environmental Impact Assessment of Air Emission from Fertilizer Utilization
and Rice Straw Burning from Rice Production in Cambodia
Leakhena Hanga,b*, Sreyneang Theyc and Sela Konga,caResearch and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, CambodiabFaculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, CambodiacFaculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: leakhena.hang@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Rice has an important role in being the most stable food for nearly half the whole population anda stable food for almost entirely in Asia. This study aims to investigate the impact assessment of
air pollutants from rice production in Cambodia from two activities such as pollutants that emitted
from chemical fertilizer and from rice straw open burning. Additionally, it analyses the life cycle
impact assessment on two categories such as human health and Ecosystem impact terrestrial
acidification by using an analytical tool called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and to provide a
recommendation on bad impacts reduction. To make it easy in assessment, this study is conducted
three scenario categories. Scenario S0 represents the condition of farming application of fertilizer.
Scenario S1 represents the experimental method of reducing fertilizer application, and Scenario
S2 represents no residue open burning with reduced fertilizer 60%. The results show that thepollutants that emitted from activity of open burning rice straw was (85%) higher than pollutants
that are polluted from fertilizer (15%). and the damage to human health is represented in units ofDisability Adjusted Life Year (DALY), the damage to ecosystems is presented in units ofPotentially Disappeared Fraction of species (PDF.m2.yr) was presented under scenario. The total
human health impact (S0) was 5.35E+01 DALY, (S1) was 5.27E+01 DALY; (S2) was 3.75E-01
DALY. The total ecosystem impact (S0) was 4.38E-02 (PDF.m2.yr), (S1) was 3.60E02(PDF.m2.yr), (S2) was 4.85E-03(PDF.m2.yr). Furthermore, based on these three scenarios
illustrate that the minimization of using fertilizer and no open burning can reduce the number ofpollutants that affects human health and ecosystem soil acidification. in addition, based on thesethree scenarios, it showed that reducing the burning of straw waste can reduce the toxins that affecthuman health by 99% and can reduce the increase in soil acidity 94% as well.
Keywords: PM2.5, air pollution, DALY, LCA, rice production71Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-47
Influences of Large-scale Agricultural Residue Burning on Ambient
Nanoparticles observed in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Leakhena Hanga, Srean Auna, Muhammad Aminb, Worradorn Phairuangb, Chanmoly Ora,
Takahiro Tabuchib, Mitsuhiko Hatab and Masami Furuuchib*aInstitute of Technology of Cambodia, CambodiabKanazawa University, Japan*Corresponding email: mfuruch@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Based on the observation of total suspended and size fractionated ambient particles down toultrafine range (<0.1 µm) in Phnom Penh City in Cambodia between 2011 and 2022, the numberof hot spots (NHSP) in Cambodia evaluated through satellite images using MODIS was discussed
in relation to the mass concentration of each size fraction of particles as well as to the concentrationof particle-bound carbonaceous components. The hot spots were used as a measure of large-scale
open burning of agricultural residues. Both high volume air sampler and a cascade air sampler thatcan collect PM0.1 (<0.1 µm) have been used at a site located on a roof floor of a 5-story buildingon the campus of the Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) located near the city central. It
was found that the mass concentration of particles (PM) was found to slightly increase with NHSP
in drier season as April – September during which NHSP increased. However, correlations for all
size fraction particles were not so clear because of large fluctuations. Contrarily, the correlation
between carbon concentration and NHSP was rather clear during a dryer season as October –March in a period of 2018-2022. A large decrease in NHSP in 2022 was confirmed to be related
to a decrease in PM concentration.
Keywords: log-term behavior, biomass burning, hot spots, aerosol, ultrafine particles, carbon

72Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

ESD-14-01
A Study on Vulnerability on Selected Local Government Units in thePhilippines (Sapangdaku, Cebu City; Tago, Surigao del Sur; Calatrava,
Negros Occidental; Cuaming Island, Bohol; and Badian, Cebu)
June Valientes Mataa*, Anne Jeline Nellasa, Jay Lloyd Funtilara, Ella Daniel Nuñeza
and Jan Roy AranteaaMHAM College Inc., R Duterte St. Banawa - Guadalupe, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines*Corresponding email: matahunyo@gmail.com

Abstract
Vulnerability is the condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors
which increases the susceptibility of an individual or community that could lead to deaths,
malnutrition, extreme poverty, degradation of the environment, destruction of infrastructures, anddeterioration of the quality of human life. in Southeast Asia, Philippines and Indonesia wereconsidered among the top 5 most vulnerable countries to disaster. in the Philippines, land-use
changes like urbanization and logging increase the hazards of flooding and landslides, thusincreasing the susceptibility of communities to calamities. Factors such as poverty, weak
infrastructure, mainly housing conditions, low income families, and the risky location ofresidences in danger zone areas are key indicators of increased vulnerability. The researchers
found that housing materials and infrastructure, especially structures or houses situated in areasthat are deemed risky such as in a steep-slope mountain; examples of which are areas being studied
in this paper namely Sapangdaku and areas with close proximity to the coast of Cuaming Island,
Badian and Calatrava, and a river situated in Tago. It has also been found out that the disastermanagement education drives whose purpose is to serve as an awareness platform was not fully
realized in a micro-level via household to household dissemination as was intended. Local
Government Unit’s also failed to create a very crucial component which is the comprehensive land
use plan, which would have served as an important component in giving the different barangays
direction in an event of any disaster that the community could face. Finally, an increase of illegal
settlers in high risk areas was also noted, many of which do not have the proper papers from thegovernment to legally settle in their current areas, most of which are living in areas vulnerable tonatural occurrences such as landslides, storm surges, and flooding.
Keywords: vulnerability assessment, vulnerable areas in Visayas-Mindano,disaster management, community empowerment, disaster preparedness system,
disaster awareness73

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

ESD-14-05
Factors of Education Disparity in Ceylon Tea Cultivation Areas - Residential
Sectors and Tea Industry in Low-country, Sri Lanka
Yuko Fukuda* and Toshihiro Hattori
Meiji University, Japan*Corresponding email: yukotsu70@yahoo.co.jp.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors behind the education disparity of children
based on the tea cultivation management types. In comparison to other South Asian countries, Sri
Lankan education indicators are better in relation to its economic levels. Educational disparities
between residential sectors, however, remain. Sri Lanka has faced the challenges to improveeducational attainment, especially on the estate sector.
A two stage-mix method analysis was conducted: Quantitative analysis using national census data
and Qualitative analysis based on questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative analysis was
conducted to find factors behind educational disparities among the four residential sectors (urban,
rural, estate and farmer). Logistic models revealed that children living in the estate sector faced
the lowest school enrollment and that housing condition best explained the education disparities
among the four residential sectors.
To deepen understanding of the structure of educational disparity, field surveys were conductedfrom 2013 and 2015.The field surveys focused on the relations between the environments
surrounding children and their enrollment status, based on the different management types of tea
cultivation in low-country. Qualitative analysis indicated that educational disparity among
management types existed. Analysis identified interrelated variables that result in education
disparities and suggested that relocation was one factor behind educational disparity.
Keywords: Sri Lanka, Children, education disparity, residential sector, tea industry in lowcountry74Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

ESD-14-12
Participation of Women Farmers in Conservation Agriculture Production
System: Challenges and Perception Changes
Chantha Sama,b*, Lyda Hoka,c, Phanith Choud, Maria Jonsee, Sreymom Sienga,f,Leangsrun Cheaa and Sreypich Chhuna,baCenter of Excellence on Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Nutrition,
Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiabGraduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiacDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiadFaculty of Development Studies, Royal University of Phnom Penh, CambodiaeInstitute for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss, University of Illinois, United Statesf
Department of Agricultural Land Resources Management,
General Directorate of Agriculture, Cambodia*
Corresponding email: schantha@rua.edu.kh
Abstract
The adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) production systems among women farmers is still
limited and women need tailored training that addresses perception changes to adopt CA practices.
This study aims to identify challenges faced by women farmers and to engage them throughtraining intervention towards the adoption of CA practices. Qualitative and quantitative data will
be collected in Reaksmey Sangha commune, Rotonak Mondoul district, Battambang province. The
data collection process will be done by three methods including a household survey using
structured questionnaires, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews. Stratified
sampling method will be used for the household survey with a total of 85 farmer households. Focus
group discussion will be a selected sample from a household survey that is divided into male andfemale farmer groups with eight per group to examine their challenges and perception in adopting
CA. Two agricultural extension agents and local authorities will be sampled for the key informant
interviews to understand their contribution to women’s engagement in CA training. Data will beanalyzed for descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model to examine the factors that
influence women farmers towards adoption of CA. It is expected that the perception of farmers in
adopting CA practices tends to change within those who receive intervention training. The barriers
that prevent women famers from participating in the training at the study sites will be also
identified.
Keywords: conservation agriculture, adoption, challenge, perception change

75Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

IS-14-01
Impact Assessment of New Dams Construction in Nam Ngum Watershed on
Electric Generation at Num Ngum1 Dam
Koshi Yoshidaa*, Keigo Nodab, Task Katoc and Keoduangchai Keokhamphuida

The University of Tokyo, Japanb
Gifu University, Japanc
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japanc
National University of Laos, Laos
*Corresponding email: kyoshida@edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Abstract
Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is a landlocked country and around 90% of thecountry are located in Mekong River Basin. Average annual rainfall is around 1900mm and 35%of annual flow in Mekong is from Lao tributaries, so many hydropower dams have been
constructed against the backdrop of abundant water resources. The generated electricity isexported to Thailand or surrounding countries, and has become an important means of earning
foreign currency for Laos. in particular, the Nam Ngum 1 Dam has been in operation since 1971
in the Nam Ngum watershed near Vientiane, the capital of Laos, and several dams have been
completed in this watershed since 2010. Hydropower has great potential to boost the national
income and to raise living standards and create opportunities for the establishment of electricityusing industries in Lao PDR. While hydropower reservoirs also have a large number of potential
cross sector impacts, including changes in downstream flows and water quality, dam safety.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the construction of multiple
dams in the Nam Ngum watershed on the river flow regime, as well as on the hydropower
generation of the preceding Nam Ngum 1 dam.
in this study, the fully-distributed TOPMODEL was developed and applied to analyze the waterflow in Nam Ngum watershed with a spatial resolution of 1 km x 1 km. Meteorological andhydrological data from 2002 to 2009, and spatial data such as topography, land use, soil properties
were collected for model simulation. Simulated river discharge and dam storage were good
agreement with observed data, and then, we investigated the impact of dam construction
considering NamLik1/2, NamNgum2, and NamNgum5, which were newly developed after 2010.
As a results, new dam construction have positive effects to decrease in flood flow in the rainyseason and to increase discharge in the dry season, and electricity generation at the Nam Ngum1
dam also increased in 6.8%.
Keywords: water resource development, hydropower, multi reservoirs, Laos76

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

IS-14-02
Information Transfer among Mango Contractors: Sources, Channels, andPriorities
Dia Noelle Velascoa*, Katsumori Hatanakab, Nina Shimoguchib,and Ramadhona SavillebaGraduate School of International Food and Agricultural Studies,Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japanb
Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies,Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: 13821001@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Information transfer is vital in improving knowledge and proper technology implementation,
especially in agriculture. This paper aimed to determine the information system the Pangasinan
mango contractors use. Specifically, it aimed to 1) identify the sources of information for the
mango contractors, 2) determine information channels for information transfer, 3) establish thetype of information that mango contractors prioritize, 4) determine the challenges and issues in thetransfer of information, and 5) recommend interventions to improve information transfer among
mango contractors.
The study area is Pangasinan, Philippines, the country's top mango-producing province. The
research used purposive sampling of 55 mango contractors covering six mango-producing
municipalities. Descriptive statistics and correspondence analyses were employed in the study ofthe paper. Results showed that most mango contractors generally receive information on the
production and marketing of mangoes from farm technicians and buyers. They usually get
information on production technologies from farm technicians and other mango contractors.
Expectedly, they get their information on mango marketing from their buyers.
on the other hand, information transfer usually happens through mobile phones and during
farmers’ meetings. Furthermore, contractors prefer to get information on the buying price ofmangoes, followed by the quality requirements of buyers. Contractors also choose to have a faceto-face conversation when obtaining information. The next preference is through text and callusing mobile phones. in summary, mango contractors still use the more traditional information
system through face-to-face conversations, text, and mobile phone calls. These are also theirpreference in communication. This has implications for the implementation of modern
technologies used for information dissemination. Mango contractors might not be receptive to new
ways of receiving communication, even if the information might be urgent or essential. It is
recommended that contractors be trained to use modern communication technologies to make themmore receptive to other communication channels.
Keywords: information transfer, correspondence analysis, mango contractors

77Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

IS-14-03
Can Current Reservoir Development Reduce Extreme Flow in The Flood
Prone Area in Southern Part of Phnom Penh, Cambodia?
Chanponleourothana Samritha, Ratboren Chana,B,, Ty Soka,B, Davin Tesa,
Ilan Icha, Chantha Oeurnga and Marith Monga*abInstitute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia
Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: mongmarith@gmail.com

Abstract
Flooding is the most common natural disaster in Cambodia, which wreaks havoc on people andinfrastructure. Recently, the southern part of Phnom Penh city has become a significant region ofdestructive floods. in response to flood disasters, reservoir development and operation for flood
management is essential for regulating flow regimes; however, it is less-well studied to prove its
efficiency in flow reduction. Therefore, the study aimed to prove the performance of Tasal
reservoir of Prek Thnot River Basin for extreme flow reduction in the flood-prone area, particularly
in southern part of Phnom Penh. The impact of reservoir operation on the main river of the basin
is examined through the combination of SWAT and HEC-ResSim models from 2000 to 2020. The
result of the targeted water level was defined by the seasonal variation operation, which the waterin the dam should be kept at 10% in July before receiving a huge amount of rainfall in the rainyseason and 95% in October during the peak flow period. Based on this operation, the monthly flowat the downstream showed a slight decrement during high flow period, while the daily peak flow
decreased enough flow to reduce the floods. Additionally, the daily flow in 2020 revealed a notablereduction in the high flow period. Plus, the monthly flow does not yield significant changes due toreservoir capacity and the long distance of the reservoir to the downstream area; however, it is also
reduced some amount of daily peak flow in the downstream. Moreover, the development of the
newly proposed reservoir will improve flood management in the downstream region of the basin.
Thus, it can be concluded that the current reservoir has the capacity to reduce some amount of
extreme flow and the development of new reservoir will reduce the floods magnitude.
Keywords: Tasal reservoir, flow reduction, HEC-ResSim, seasonal variation operation78Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-01
Assessing the Acceptability and the Feasibility of an Agricultural Package ofTechnologies for Risk Management in Southern Haiti
Rival Valcina,b *, Tomohiro Uchiyamaa, Katsumori Hatanakaa, Yasuo Ohea
and Bénédique PaulbaFaculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, Quisqueya University, Haiti*Corresponding email: rivalcing7@gmail.com

Abstract
Climate risks linked to natural disasters are one of the most critical issues faced by Haitian farming.
Losses due to hurricanes, droughts, floods, and diseases seriously threaten productivity. This paper
aims to study the feasibility and acceptability of an agricultural package of technologies whose
goal is to manage risk while improving the productivity of farming in Haiti. Significant risks facedby farmers seem to be uninsurable risks due to their systemic and catastrophic character. Therefore,
the proposed package of technologies includes a paid-in-kind "stabilization accounts" component
as a financial tool for risk management. We collected data from 28 agricultural experts and 1400
farmers, including 234 maize farmers in southern Haiti. We adopted the new product development(NPD) process to test the feasibility of the concept. We used the Multinomial Logistic Regression
to determine factors affecting the openness of Haitian farmers to innovation. We also conducted
the Cochran-Mantel Haenszel test to analyze the association between "saving habit" and "openness
to innovation".
Seventy percent of farmers expressed their propensity to pay from 6% to more than 12 % of theirharvested crop as a stabilization account. Farmers with “saving habits” will be two-fold more open
to innovative technologies. Farm size, gender, and association membership have a significant
positive impact on openness to innovation. However, unlike the usual trend in the literature, we
found that risk aversion may have a positive effect on the acceptance and the adoption of sometechnologies. The results also suggest that, in Haitian farming, risks linked to natural disasters are
more related to financial incapacity than uncertainty. Therefore, access to proper inputs in duetime completed by a financial tool to overcome uncertainty will be a significant boost to theadaptability and resilience of Haitian farmers toward weather risks.
Keywords: product development, technology adoption, microinsurance, stabilization accounts

79Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-03
The Bio Circular Green Economic Model: A Case Study of Agricultural
Cooperatives in Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo*
School of Agriculture and Cooperatives,
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Parkkred, Nontaburi, Thailand, 11120*Corresponding email: puanucha@windowslive.com
Abstract
Bio Circular Green Economic Model (BCG) has been introduced and promoted by the Thaigovernment as a new economic model for inclusive and sustainable growth. The research objective
was to study the response of Agricultural cooperatives (ACs) to BCG as a part of the agricultural
production sector in the Thai economy. A survey research methodology was applied to collect the
primary data from Nabokham Pattana Agricultural Cooperative Limited, Kamphaeng Phetprovince located in the middle part of Thailand. Findings were expressed the ACs responded to
the BCG model by setting the solar power plant to generate the electricity from solar energy andsupply both the ACs members and surroundings. The ACs is mainly concerned with BCG which
conforms to the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals, integrates bio, circular, and green
economy, and is the foundation of Thailand’s strengths in agriculture and natural resources,
diversity, and geography. BCG encompasses the bio-economy as the production of renewablebiological resources and their conversion into value-added products, the circular economy as thereuse and recycling of resources, and the green economy as keeping the economy, society, and theenvironment in harmony, resulting in sustainable development. According to the ACs regulation
as a startup project, it has been started commercial solar electric power to Provincial Electricity
Authority (PEA) as stipulated in the contract for 25 years. Due to the green energy, solar power isknown as pollution-free and causes no greenhouse gases to be emitted after installation. Renewableclean power that is available every day of the year, even on cloudy days produces some power.
Solar power has no maintenance as solar panels last over 30 years. It also economically createdjobs by employing solar panel manufacturers, solar installers, etc. and in turn, helps the local
economy.
Keywords: bio circular green economic, agricultural cooperatives, solar power plant80Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-04
A Resource or a Toxin? Social Processes of Soil Salinization and Local Inland
Salt Production in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Fumikazu Ubukataa*, Hirotaka Matsudab, Chuleemas BOONTHAI Iwaic, Takashi Kumed
and Tadao YamamotoeaOkayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japanb
Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Japanc
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailanddEhime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi,Matsuyama, Japane
Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan*Corresponding email: ubukat-f@okayama-u.ac.jp

Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the problems which inhibits agricultural development. on the other hand,
local people may be able to benefit from saline soil through salt production. in such cases, rural
sustainable development requires to balance salt production and saline soil management. Yet little
is known, however, about the condition and context under which local people regard saline soil asa resource or a toxin. The concept of resourcification, a non-essentialist understanding of resources
which clarifies how social process transforms mere natural materials into resources, can open theway to identify these contexts. Applying this resourcification concept, this study therefore
explored how saline soil has socially transformed in northeast Thai villages.
The authors conducted field surveys in two salt-affected areas in Khon Kaen province, northeast
Thailand in September 2017 and March 2019. During the survey, a total of 17 villagers wereinterviewed, as well as field observations, about their life history and their relationships to saline
soil and salt production. Additionally, we conducted interviews to officers in Land Development
Department in order to collect complementary information on soil salinization and saline soil
management. With the help of our past surveys and local archives, collected data were analyzed
chronologically.
The results first indicate that the two villages have more or less followed de-resourcification
processes due to the long-term socioeconomic changes. They both reduced salt production, andincreasingly regarded saline soil as an inhibitor to agriculture. Second, they nonetheless had adifferences in the recent transformation trends. While a village continues to follow deresourcification path, another village are experiencing a re-resourcification thanks to the outsiders’notice on their unique history and cultural aspects. These findings suggest the importance ofdynamic, site-specific, and pluralistic understandings of social transformation of saline soil, andnatural resources in general.
Keywords: northeast Thailand, resourcification, local villagers, saline soil, inland salt
production81Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-05
The Well-being of People Through the Cooperatives Management: A Case
Study of Ban Mankong Hin Lek Fai Cooperative Limited, Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyooa* and Wiparat Sae Leeba

School of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Parkkred,
Nontaburi, Thailand, 11120b
MBA (Cooperatives) Student, School of Agriculture and Cooperatives,
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Parkkred, Nontaburi, Thailand, 11120*Corresponding email: puanucha@windowslive.com

Abstract
The Well-being of people in society express as their living with good condition fundamental
include the housing and employment. Over 30 years, the Royal Thai Government has concerned
as main policy to implement. Due to this policy, the Community Organizations Development
Institute (CODI) had been launched. The implementation of CODI set up the housing cooperatives
known as Ban Mankong Hin Lek Fai Cooperative Limited. The research objective was toinvestigate the Cooperatives’ performances the satisfaction and Well-being of Cooperatives
members through its management. Survey research methodology was applied with the primarydata collection through the questionnaire and in-depth interview. The secondary data werecollected from the database of the Department of Cooperatives Audition. The Data Envelope
Analysis (DEA) and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used as data analysis tools forsecondary data while the primary data were analyzed by content analysis. The findings showedthat the cooperatives itself had been performed in the good shape and showed the potential of its
performance. Since it applied the housing cooperatives philosophy that all members had their roleof cooperatives management as their own cooperatives. All of 70 members who joined and had
their participations with cooperatives expressed their satisfactions and their well-beings. They
absolutely expressed their bell-beings for not only their better standard of life but also their better
education, income and employment. Ban Mankong Hin Lek Fai Cooperative Limited could be oneof the successful outcomes of the Royal Thai Government policy implementation to give Thai
people the well-being through the housing cooperatives management.
Keywords: well-being, housing cooperatives, cooperatives management82Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-07
Impact of Agriculture Certification for Silk Farmers in The Case of Khon
Kean Province in Northeast Thailand
Moeka Numataa*, Mallika Srisuthamb and Aya Suzukiaa

The University of Tokyo, Japan
Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: moeka.n.0530@gmail.comb

Abstract
Despite the rapid economic growth, income inequality between the rural and urban areas remains
an important social issue in Thailand. in 2020 the disparity between the Northeast region, which
has the lowest GRP per capita, and the East region, which has the highest GRP per capita, isapproximately 5.05 times, Northeast Thailand is an agriculture area and is famous for silk
production. According to the Queen Sirikit Department of sericulture in 2017 sericulture silk yarn
production is 520 metric tons, and 82,071 households conducted sericulture. Around 80% ofhouseholds conducted sericulture in the Northeast region. Therefore, improving the silk industry
in the Northeast area is essential to promote economic development in this region obtaining
certification that guarantee quality is considered one effective way to increase farmers’ income.
Hence, this paper focuses on four certifications: Organic Thailand Geographical indication (GI),OTOP, and Peacock. We clarify the difference between the farmers who can obtain certifications
and who cannot obtain them and impact of obtaining certification for farmers’ profile of silk
weaving. We take a case of farmer living in khon kean province in Northeast Thailand. To clarify
those two questions, we conducted both quantitative and quantitative analyses based on the
primary data collected through in-person interviews with 103 farmers from October to November
2022. We find that the important factors for the price of silk waving are design, the kind ofdyestuffs, and the ability to access markets where products fetch high prices. To show the key
factors to obtain certification, we used logistic regression, and to show the impact farmers’community is an important factor to obtain a certification, and farmer who have certification tend
to earn more income compared to non-certificated farmer.
Keyword: agricultural certification, sericulture, propensity score matching, Thailand

83Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-09
Impact of Technology Adoption on Economic Well-being of Rice Farmers in
Cambodia
Viseth Pruma*, Yuchiro Amekawab and Shoichi Itocab

Former Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan
College of International Relations, Ritsumeikan University, Japanc
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan*Corresponding email: prumviseth@gmail.com

Abstract
Variety is a key factor for the quality and productivity of paddy rice. The Royal Government of
Cambodia promulgated a paddy/rice policy since 2010, through which 10 high-yielding rice
varieties have been introduced to farmers. This study investigated socio-economic factors
influencing farmers’ decision to adopt the high-yielding rice varieties while examining the impactof the adoption of the varieties on yields and profits. Probit regression and propensity scorematching methods were applied for analysis. The empirical results of the probit regression
indicated that gender (male), paddy field size, and distance to tarred road had a significantly
positive influence on farmers’ adoption of the improved rice varieties. Meanwhile, household size,
the number of paddy field plots owned, car ownership, off-farm job engagement, and the numberof cows owned had a significantly negative effect. The results from propensity score matching
methods revealed that farmers who had adopted high-yielding rice varieties had a significantly
positive impact on yields and profits.
Keywords: technology Adoption, Economic Well-being, High-Yielding Rice Varieties,
Cambodia84

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-10
The Effect of Global GAP Certification on Horticulture Production in Kenya
Jane Githigaa*, Asres Eliasb and Kumi YasunobubaUnited Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori City, Japanb
Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori City, Japan*Corresponding email: githigajane@gmail.com

Abstract
Promoting sustainable production systems is one of the pillars of sustainable development goals.
Rural development strategies therefore should enhance production systems that are sustainable forthe future. in Kenya, horticulture exports are a state-induced development strategy meant to raise
incomes, improve productivity, and eradicate poverty in rural areas. However, with the ongoingproliferation of regulatory standards and stiff competition it is becoming increasingly challenging
for producers in developing countries. Phytosanitary standards have become a de facto
requirement for participating in the lucrative market with the intention to bridge the information
asymmetry between buyers and producers as an assurance of food safety and environmentallyconscious production systems therefore ensuring that more areas of production are certified.
Consequently, buyers prefer certified producers to at least one of the internationally recognizedschemes. Every producer wants to be on that list sometimes certifying part of the area of production
for the purpose of meeting requirements which could hinder the efforts of good agriculture
practices. This study seeks to assess what has been of the more priority for Kenyan horticulture i.emore certified producers, or more certified area of production, what are the trends and how does
it affect production. Using panel data obtained from GlobalGAP and FAOstat (2008 to 2020), thestudy finds that certified producers and certified production areas(ha) have increased. The Pseudo–
Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator shows that increasing the number of certified
producers has a significant effect on exported volumes and total value while the area of certified
production areas both covered and uncovered crops has no significant effect. This could imply that
farmers are keen on maintaining the market requirements as opposed to increasing the certified
area which is important for long-term growth.
Keywords: GlobalGAP, certification, horticulture, regulatory standards

85Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-12
The Change of Rice Production Scale by Individual Farmers in Northeast
Thailand: An Investigation Using Household Panel Data
Yuki Toyamaa*, Kazuki Miyatanib, Asres Eliasc and Kumi Yasunobuca

United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori City, Japanb
Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori UniversitycFaculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori City, Japan*Corresponding email: yukiuki1019@gmail.com

Abstract
The size of rice cultivated area by individual farmers has become smaller and smaller since 2010sin Northeast Thailand. The trend has been proceeding concurrently with decreasing the number offarming population and aging of farmers. Since Northeast Thailand is a major rice growing area
in Thailand, this movement implied the concern of declining rice productivity at the national levelin the future. To consider the feasibility of this concern and how to cope with it, we should
understand details of this movement with individual farm data at first. Thus, we grasped thefluctuation of rice cultivated area by individual farmers in 2010-2019 and clarified thecharacteristics of rice farmers reducing or expanding the size of rice cultivation. We usedsecondary household panel data collected from 1,051 farmers in 3 provinces (Nakhon Phanom,
Ubon Ratchathani and Buriram) in 2010-2019. The data was collected by Thailand Vietnam Socio
Economic Panel project founded by the German Research Foundation. We sampled 445 and 208
farmers which reducing or expanding their rice cultivated area from 2010 to 2019, and comparedrice productivity, disposal of production and usage of inputs. As a result, the farmers which
cultivated rice with more than 20 rai paddy decreased and which cultivated rice with less than 10
rai paddy increased from 2010 to 2019. The number of farmers cultivating rice with 10-20 rai
paddy was not changed significantly in the term. From the comparison between the farmers
reducing and expanding rice cultivated area, while the unit yield of expanding group was higher
than the reducing group in 2010, the unit yields of expanding groups was less than the reducing
group from 2016. This result implied the possibility that the farmers expanding the size of ricecultivation could not keep the intensity of rice production.
Keywords: rice farmer, fluctuation of farm size class, unit yield, farm inputs

86Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-13
Technical Efficiency of Potato Producers in Benguet Province, Philippines
Asres Eliasa*, Cheryll Casiwan Launiob, Kumi Yasunobua, Yuki Toyamac,
Birara Endalewd and Maryan J. Altakieab

Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Japan
Research and Extension Publication Office, Benguet State University, Philippinesc
United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tottori University, Japand
Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japane
Philippine Rice Research Institute*Corresponding email: asres@tottori-u.ac.jp

Abstract
The Philippines, particularly Benguet province is endowed with distinct agro-ecological zones
favorable to produce high value vegetables. Potato is one of the top ten vegetables in terms of
production volume, area, and high value in Benguet. However, potato production is characterized
by low yield in which the Philippines in general is among the lowest yield per hectare (15.5 tons)
compared to world average yield (20.9 tons) in 2018. This paper examined the technical efficiency(TE) and inefficiency determinants of potato producers in Benguet province, Philippines. Data
from 101 farmers in 2019 was collected from major provinces that produce potato. We employed
Cobb-Douglas stochastic production frontier after the null hypothesis for translog function was
rejected. The production function result revealed that land, hired labor, organic fertilizer (chickendung) and fungicide had significant effect on potato yield. We also found that the mean technicalefficiency of potato farmers is about 0.89, implying that farmers can increase their production by
about 11% or on average yield would increase from 15.8 to 17.6 t/ha with existing resources. The
yield gap result further revealed that farmers are producing below the production possibility
frontier. However, the observed average yield is about 50% lower than the potential yield (31 t/ha)found by Benguet State University. The inefficiency model result depicted that household size,
education level, using Granola potato variety, receiving training related to vegetable production
and partial irrigation significantly improve technical efficiency. Whereas hand tractor ownershipand rainfed cultivation were the major sources of technical inefficiency in potato production.
Based on the results, we conclude that concerned stakeholder such as Department of Agriculture,research institutes, among others should promote Granola seed, organic fertilizer on top ofproviding training related to potato production to improve efficiency of potato producers and inturn productivity in Benguet province, Philippines.
Keywords: potato production, technical efficiency, stochastic production function, Philippines

87Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-16
Improving the Farm Business and Resilience of New Farmers:
Case from a Greenhouse Tomato Farmer in H City, Tokyo, Japan
Nina N. Shimoguchi, Rika Terano*, Ramadhona Saville,
Hettige Samitha Lakshan Gunasekara and Katsumori Hatanaka
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: rt200005@nodai.ac.jp
Abstract
Tomato is the most common fruit vegetable consumed fresh or processed in Japan. for new
farmers, tomato is considered one of the favored commodities to produce. With a wide variety oftomatoes available in the market, new farmers face various issues related to price, market
competitors, market channels, sweetness, production management, competitive advantage, andbrand recognition. These same challenges may influence the new farmer’s decision to continue or
discontinue farming. Therefore, there is a need for studies that will provide insights andinnovations to improve the farm business and resilience of new farmers. This study aims to clarify
the characteristics of repeaters and consumers’ brand familiarity with a new young farmer’s
greenhouse tomato farm in H City, Tokyo, using randomly selected respondents in the consumer
survey conducted in May and June 2022. Although 470 respondents were collected, only 240
respondents (51%) have experienced buying tomatoes from the farm. Moreover, 67% of these
respondents started buying tomatoes more than a year ago, and 38% previously bought tomatoes
within a week, conveying that the farm has already created repeaters. However, there seemed to
be a problem with brand recognition since some buyers did not know the farm’s name or did notrecognize its logo.
Keywords: repeaters, brand recognition, tomato, new farmer, consumers

88Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-17
Assessing the Support for New Farmers in H City, Tokyo, Japan
Rika Terano, Nina N. Shimoguchi*, Ramadhona Saville,
Hettige Samitha Lakshan Gunasekara and Katsumori Hatanaka
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: n3nocon@nodai.ac.jp
Abstract
in Japan, engaging in agriculture as a new farmer comes with various challenges and uncertainties.
To sustain and secure the agriculture sector’s future, national and local governments, farmers,
private entities, and other stakeholders provide a wide range of support. Seeking best practices isa sound basis for increasing the number of new farmers and improving their resilience. Through acase study approach, this paper aims to clarify the current condition and issues of support for new
farmers in H City, Tokyo, and determine the initiatives and support system that allowed a young
female farmer to establish an urban farm. This study conducted interviews with a young female
farmer and city officers. The in-depth key informant interviews revealed that training, subsidy,
securing land services, and referral to farmer’s organizations are some of the available supports.
The recent revision of the Law on Productive Green Areas is considered a significant opportunity
for her to rent farmland, which is a challenge for most new farmers experience. Despite the 5-year
rental period commonly practiced, she could avail of a 30-year lease, conveying the importancefor new farmers to also gain trust, confidence, and a good relationship with the farmland owner.
for further study, even though she has successfully established a farm, there is a need to clarify
consumer preferences, buying behavior, and their degree of familiarity with her farm and products
to improve her farm business and resilience.
Keywords: new farmers, Law on Productive Green Areas, farm resilience89Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-18
Potential of Small-scale Producers for Sustainable Cassava Production in
Cambodia: An Analysis of Income Diversity of Cambodian Cassava Farmers
Kasumi Itoa*, Tamon Babab, Hisako Nomurac, Tha Thand and Srean PaodaInternational Center for Research and Education in Agriculture,
Nagoya University, Japanb
College of Letters, Ritsumeikan University, Japanc
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan.
dFaculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, University of Battambang, Cambodia.
*Corresponding email: kasumito@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Abstract
Cassava is envisioned as a strategic crop for Cambodia in line with the “Industrial Development
Policy 2015-2025” and “National Cassava Policy 2020-2025” to transform the country into a
cultivation and processing hub of the crop. These policies indicated small-scale producers as oneof the vital keys to increasing cassava production in Cambodia. However, small-scale cassava
producers can be easily affected by the significantly unstable price of cassava which tends to befluctuated by export demand. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the income diversity of smallscale producers and discusses their potential contribution to sustainable cassava production. The
survey was conducted in 6 districts in Battambang and 2 districts in Pailin provinces, major cassava
production areas in Cambodia, from April to November 2017. A total of 205 cassava producers
were selected randomly for structured-interview by using designated questionnaire form. Theinterview survey covered the status of cassava production, including planting area, sales amount,costs, and the socio-economic situation of producers, including respondents' attributes, family
structure, livelihood activities, income, household expenditure. As a result, most surveyed farmers
started producing 5-6 years ago, and 79.5% answered cassava is a primary income source.
Nevertheless, cassava was the primary source of income in 26.8% of the surveyed households, andnon-agricultural income, such as off-farm business and labor work, was higher than agricultural
income among average household income. These results indicated that most producers havediverse income sources, including non-agricultural income, however, it still accounts for a
relatively large proportion of total income and is essential for maintaining livelihoods. It isessential to have a strategy to secure sufficient and stable profits for small-scale producers forsustainable cassava production in Cambodia.
Keywords: cassava, production, producers, socio-economic characteristics, Cambodia

90Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-19
Challenges and Opportunities for Increasing Vegetable Production in Rural
Cambodia
Kasumi Itoa*, Tatsuya Yoshidab, Boratana Ungc and Mitsuru HamanodaInternational Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Japanb
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, JapancCambodia Japan High-value Agricultural Product, CambodiadCenter for Global Education and Collaboration, Shinshu University, Japan*Corresponding email: kasumito@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Abstract
The amount of vegetable production in Cambodia is extremely limited, and 70% of the country’s
internal consumption is dependent on imported vegetables, primarily from Thailand and Vietnam.
in order to satisfy the country’s market needs, the government is encouraging vegetableproduction. However, the current status, issues, and challenges of vegetable production in the
country, which are important for establishing detailed strategies for vegetable production, have notyet been clarified. This study aims to identify the challenges of vegetable production in Cambodia
by clarifying the status of vegetable cultivation, including producing amount and varieties,
vegetable production business conditions, and producers' socio-economic characteristics. A
commune in Takeo province was selected as the study area, and the semi-structured interview
based on a questionnaire was conducted with both vegetable producers and non-producers forcomparative analysis. The number of valid responses included 113 households (HHs) fromproducers and 89 HHs from non-producers. The results of the survey indicated that 97% ofvegetable produces had a surplus; however, the average net profit (35 US dollars) was very smallin comparison to other income sources such as factory work. Most producers were not cultivating
any vegetables during the rainy season, despite owning arable upland to avoid disease risk due tounsuitable production methods. on the other hand, the costs of seeds, fertilizer, and fuel werepositively correlated with the leafy and beans vegetables. This result indicated that the utilizationof quality seeds and fertilizers would be adequate for production. Additionally, nearly 60% of nonproducers had arable upland, and they stopped production due to a lack of distribution channels.
This study identified limited distribution channels and production methods as challenges for
Cambodia's increasing amount of vegetable production.
Keywords: vegetable production, issues, challenges, rural area, Cambodia

91

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-20
Household Income Diversity of Small-scale Cassava Producers in Vietnam
Nien Chau Nguyena*, Tamon Babab, Hisako Nomurac and Kasumi ItodaNong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
College of Letters, Ritsumeikan University, Japanc
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, JapandInternational Center for Research and Education in Agriculture,
Nagoya University, Japan*Corresponding email: nien.nguyen@hcmuaf.edu.vnbAbstract
in Vietnam, cassava is ranked in the third important staple crops after rice and corn among
agricultural sector, and the third most important export crop. This crop is planted in 40 of 51
provinces with 513 thousand hectares and its production reaches 9.85 million tons per year. Smallscale cassava producers play an important role in cassava sector in Vietnam, however, their income
diversity has not been fully clarified. While the cassava price is fluctuated by international
processing industries, their income might not rely on cassava production only. This study clarifies
how small-scale cassava producers attempt to stabilize their household income. The survey was
conducted from April to December 2017 in Dong Nai, Tay Ninh and Gia Lai provinces that are
major cassava producing provinces, and 182 small-scale cassava producers were selected forinterview. The questionnaire was designed to analyze their all-income sources: agricultural income
including cassava income, non-farm income, pension, and remittance. The result indicates thateach household has 4.5 members and 2.1 of them are working for cassava production and theaverage of total household income per year is $7,071.29 and the income per one employee is &3,535.15. This is 36.8% lower than the average income of Vietnamese employee. The main income
is from two sectors, i.e., $3,648.41 (51.59%) from agricultural income and $ 3,422.88 (48.41%)
from non-agricultural income, together with $25.0 (0.4%) from remittance and $14.7 (0.2%) frompensions. The cassava income shared 23.57% in agricultural income and 12.16% in the total
household income with an average of $859.81. in agricultural income, some small-scale cassava
producers produce industrial crops such as rubber tree, sugarcane, cashew, tobacco and acacia as
their main income. Further, they also produce vegetables, fruits and engage in animal husbandry
activity and agro-processing business. in non-farm income, they work as hired labors and receive
stable income from government or private companies. Thus, small-scale cassava producers in
Vietnam stabilize their household income by various sources of income and do not overly rely on
cassava.
Keywords: cassava, production, producers, socio-economic current status, income, Vietnam

92

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-22
Agroforestry Promotion for Enhancing Resiliency of Community-Based
Forest Management Areas in The Philippines
Roberto G. Viscoa, Leila D. Landichob*, Ma. Theresa Nemesis P. Ocampoc,
Rowena Esperanza D. Cabahugc, Maryanne G. Abadillosc, Ma. Armie Janica P. Ramirezc,
Arnold Karl A. Castilloc, Russel Son Canilanc and Christine Joy ManalocaInstitute of Renewable Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippineb
Agricultural Systems Institute, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of thePhilippines Los Banos, College, Laguna, PhilippinescInstitute of Agroforestry, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines*Corresponding email: ldlandicho@up.edu.phAbstract
The national policy of the Philippine government for sustainable forest management called for theestablishment of community-based forest management program, where upland dwellers in the statelands are recognized as stewards of the forestlands. To meet the twin-goal of economic
development and environmental conservation, agroforestry was placed at the core of the program
implementation. An action research was implemented in the selected community-based forest
management areas in 2019-2022 primarily to promote sustainability and resiliency of the local
communities and the landscape through an enhanced agroforestry promotion. This action research
employed resiliency assessment, land capability assessment for agroforestry, ecologicalassessment, capacity-building of the people’s organizations, and the establishment of appropriate
agroforestry models. Four agroforestry models were established based on the socioeconomic andbiophysical conditions of the areas, and the potential economic and ecological contributions of thedifferent components. These include two fruit tree-based agroforestry models where perennial
crops particularly high-value fruit trees are the dominant components; vegetable-based
agroforestry model, where high-value vegetable crops are the dominant components; andaquasilviculture, where mangrove areas are integrated with aquatic resources. Soil and water
conservation measures were also established to control soil erosion in the sloping areas.
Livelihood technologies were also introduced such as processing of turmeric into powder, andprocessing of coconut meat into copras. The local communities were trained on the technical andmanagement aspects of the four agroforestry models. Harvests from the annual agricultural crops
indicate a potential additional farm income to the farmer-cooperators, while harvests from theaquasilviculture provided an additional income to the people’s organization.
Keywords: environmental conservation, vegetable-based agroforestry model, livelihoods, action
research, community-based93Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-23
Empowering Rural Farming Communities Through Capacity Development
Programs: Implications to Agricultura Extension Services
Leila D. Landicho*
University Researcher III
Agricultural Systems Institute-College of Agriculture and Food Science
University of the Philippines Los Banos*Corresponding email: ldlandicho@up.edu.phAbstract
The multidimensionality and complexity of development issues such as climate change, foodinsecurity, environmental degradation, poverty, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic haveexacerbated the livelihoods of vulnerable rural farming communities. This calls for innovative
approaches for community empowerment towards building their resilience and enhancing theiradaptive capacity. Community empowerment is anchored on harnessing the potential and thecapacity of the local people and communities to address and resolve their problems, and mobilizingthem to promote community well-being. This paper highlights the experiences and lessons
generated from the selected capacity development projects in Southeast Asia, which were fundedby the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN). These capacity development
projects employed varying extension approaches and strategies, which centered on building theinstitutional capacity of rural farming communities, local government units, and state colleges anduniversities. These programs put emphasis on promoting nature-based and sustainable farming
practices such as agroforestry, conservation farming, rainwater harvesting, and indigenous
agricultural practices that helped farming communities cope and adapt to climate change impacts.
At the core of these capacity development programs are collaboration and partnerships that werebuilt and institutionalized among the academe, local government units, and farming communities.
Among the best practices that were distilled from these capacity development projects include
engaged participation of the farming communities; multisectoral collaboration; integration ofsustainable farming practices; participatory approaches to project planning and implementation;science-policy linkage; and, need-driven activities. These projects have generated numerous
outputs that paved the way for enhanced social and human capital development of farming
communities, science-based decision-making by the policy makers; adoption of sustainable
farming practices; sustained local multisectoral partnership; improved farm productivity;
awareness about environmental issues and ways of addressing them; and, developed a model forenhancing the adaptive capacity of rural farming communities in Southeast Asia.
Keywords: multisectoral collaboration, capacity-building, agroforestry, engaged participation,
farming communities

94Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-24
Reducing the Public Health and Economic Risks from Future Potential
Zoonotic Diseases in Cambodia
Vathana Thuna, Sopheap Phinb, Chetra Sarc and Sorany Emd*a

Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture, Cambodia
Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture, CambodiacMinistry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, CambodiadNational School of Planning and Statistics, Cambodia*Corresponding email: emsorany@yahoo.comb

Abstract
This is a desk review study to contextualize the status of the zoonotic diseases in Cambodia forpolicy intervention. It looks for more effective policy influencing to break the zoonotic links
between animals and human. The review is structured under the framework of the One Healthconcept that is a link between environment health, human health and wildlife health. It provides aconceptual analysis framework of pathogen flows between wildlife, livestock and human.
Breaking the zoonotic links do need a number of coherent support from knowledge, skills,
research, regulation, policies and national and regional cooperation. Through a primary desk
review of issues and policy gaps related to wildlife and zoonotic diseases, the analysis is conductedwith support of key informant interviews from relevant key experts and stakeholders.
The review reveals that poverty and zoonotic disease are interconnected in a vicious cycle as thepoor are more likely in close contact with wildlife and livestock through wildlife hunting andlivestock farming. Reducing the public health and economic risk is an integral part of improving
health, ensuring economic growth and achieving development goals. Because the underlying
causes of zoonotic diseases are within the direct influence of the health and agriculture sectors,
successful strategy to prevent and control the risk of zoonotic diseases should lie on coordinatedaction among government agencies and other stakeholders such as development partners,
community leaders and traders.
Cambodia needs a comprehensive approach which requires a range of interventions in order toreduce the public health and economic risks from future potential zoonotic disease. However, as
Cambodia needs to put in place regulations and policies to share the responsibility of preventing
emerging and reemerging zoonotic diseases from wildlife as well as livestock, this policy brief
focuses on national legislation and policy aspects as well as the areas of capacity building,
education and extension, and institutional arrangement essential to needs and circumstances of thecountry.
Keywords: zoonoses, zoonotic diseases, zoonotic risk, wildlife, public health, animal production95Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-25
A Survey of Household Water Use and Groundwater Quality Assessment in a
Rural Community of Kandal Province, Cambodia
Kakada Kheana,b, Kimlay Ngorna, Leangse Menga, Phaly Hama,c, Rathborey Chana,cand Saret Buna*a

Faculty of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Phnom Penh, CambodiabWater and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, CambodiacWater and Environment Unit, Research and Innovation Center,
Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia*Corresponding email: saret@itc.edu.kh
Abstract
Addressing water scarcity in a rural area using groundwater can be considered as a potential andpossible solution. in order to propose an efficient system, understanding about water consumption
and groundwater quality is important for optimizing the preparation. Therefore, the present work
aims to access the current household water consumption and groundwater quality of the domestic
wells being used in a rural community, Prasat commune of Kandal province, Cambodia. It will be
used as a practical and beneficial model for water resources sector in the rural area development.
The questionnaire survey was designed as the main instrument for collecting the household water
use as face-to-face interviews. The result showed that the average daily water consumption in the
Prasat commune is about 134 liters per capita, which is less than the minimum water quantity
recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), 150 liters per day per capita. Furthermore,almost half of the households rely on groundwater (45%), followed by rain water and water supply(38%). More than half of the people in Prasat wishes to have a clean water supply. in terms ofgroundwater quality in the Prasat commune, it was analyzed in terms of physicochemicalparameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, total dissolved solids,
electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, arsenic, iron, fluoride, chloride, and total hardness. As aresult, it was mainly contaminated by arsenic, iron, conductivity, and turbidity. in terms of water
quality index, half of the investigated groundwater wells were classified as poor, very poor, andunsuitable water for drinking purposes. Lastly, the suitable water treatment and supply should beconsidered in order to reduce the effects on people’s health as well as to improve living conditions.
Keyword: household water use, Kandal province, groundwater quality, questionnaires survey,
water quality index

96Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-26
The Value Chain of Households’ Pangasius Catfish Culture in Batheay
District, Kampong Cham Province
Roummenea Larcha, Vanny Chhuona*, Raksmey Phoeurkb, Nhean Sopheac
and Kimchhin Sokea

Center of Excellent of Agricultural Economics and Rual DevelopmentbRoyal University of Agriculture, CambodiacFaculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, P.O. Box 2696,
Dangkor District, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: cvanny@rua.edu.kh
Abstract
The Pangasius Catfish is the among of popular species in Cambodian aquaculture that including
the small, medium, and large farm for fish processing and export. However, Cambodia’s
aquafarming rose from 50,000 tonnes in 2009 to more than 300,000 tonnes in 2019 (MAFF, 2019).
The main objective of the study focused on the fish production, the value chain, and SWOT
analysis. The mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) was applied for the face to faceinterview with total 54 samples including fish farmer 50 households, 2 middleman and 2 retailer.
The target of study areas are included three difference communes such as Tang krang, Chelea andSambo commune in Batheay district, Kampong Cham province.
in the study area, most of the fish farmers have not received the training on aquaculture. Majorityof pond farms are extensive. The fish farmers have experienced on aquaculture between 5-15 year
and their knowledge depended on family, friends and input supplier. The production cycle ofPangasius was 11 months raising fish, for whom selected the fry of Pangasius Catfish and 7 months
for those, who choose the fingerling of Pangasius Catfish. The feed of fish used by the fish farmer
is natural fish feed and Commercial fish feed such as bran, trash fish, chicken intestines, andhomemade. for the value chain of fish production there are four mains characters in this area, thefirst character is a input supplier, the second is a producer, the third is a middleman/collector andthe last is a retailer. Fish farmers sold Pangasius Catfish to collectors 4,200 riel / kg, neverthelessthe collector sold fish to middleman in price 4300riel/kg, the middleman distributed to the retailer
4700riel/kg and the retailer sold fresh fish to the customers on the price between 5500 to 8000 riel/
kg and was gotten 10,000 to 15,000 riel / kg as processed fish.
Therefore, the input supply are the high cost especially fish feed and production cycles are the long
period. Moreover, there are less of technical training on aquaculture such as water quality control
and feed management and fish diseases. for the market price was limited and set up price bymiddleman/collector. The Pangasius Catfish’s price remains stable as the raw materials increase
from cycle to cycle, there is the main cause of making fish famers which have more accessible
declining profits including the Pangasius Catfish import competition have led some fish farmer toabandon their fish farm.
Keywords: value chain, fish production, SWOT analysis

97Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-28
Gender and livelihood in small-scale fisheries: A case study in the Cambodian
floodplains in Kandal province, South Cambodia
R Phoeurka*, S Ouma, K Soka and JP VenotbaCenter of Excellence on Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,
Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiabInstitute of Research for Sustainable Development (IRD), France*Corresponding email: praksmey@rua.edu.kh

Abstract
Fishery is one of the most significant sources of income and food security for rural people in
Cambodia. Women are involved in aquaculture as well as individual fishing and participate incommunity fishery (CF) but their contribution to these sectors is often not made explicit. This
study aims at (1) identifying the roles of women in individual and community-based fishingactivities, (2) identifying the challenges women face when involving in fishing activities and (3)understanding how they and the men they work with perceive such involvement and challenges.
The study area is located in the Cambodian floodplains, between the Mekong and Bassac rivers in
the upper Mekong delta, in what was the former Fishing Lot No. 9. Khmer, Cham and Vietnamese
fisher folks can be found in the area. We randomly selected and interviewed 45 fisher-men-and
women who fish in this area with structured questionnaires. 50% of the interviewees were womenand 50% men and they represented a diversity of fisher folks and practices. We also conducted
open ended interviews with 3 key informants and organized 4 focus group discussions (2 withgroups of women and 2 with groups of men).
The three groups fishing in the area have different practices with Khmer folks being involved in
the local Fishery Community (FC) (in addition to fishing individually) while Cham andVietnamese minorities are not. Cham and Vietnamese women engage in fishing activities
alongside their husbands more than Khmer women do. Regarding fishing “in the field”, allrespondents framed the role of women as being a “supportive” though “important” role to theirhusband but also highlighted three main constraints for women to engage in such activities: social
constraints, children’s care and their husband’s preference that their wife stay at home. Further, allrespondents recognize that women assume a key role in processing and selling fish and make theirown decision about this. As far as the community fishery is concerned, most respondents perceived
that women were not incorporated enough in the management and operation of the CF even though
they could play a role in accounting of administrative tasks. This is because women are little
encouraged to participate. There are also cultural and religious impediments for women to be
involved in CF activities. 80% of men are aware of the difficulties of their wives to go for fishingwith them at the field, especially to who has no land-based houses and mainly relies on fishing as
their main source of income.
Keywords: capture fishery, community fishery, governance, gender, perception, Kandal,
Cambodian floodplain98Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-30
Language Register in the Farming of Palay in Sierra Bullones and Dagohoy,
Bohol
Catherine Buta Orcullo*, Mary Ann V. Dapar and Thonie Rose M. Gorillo
Bohol Island State University, Main Campus, Tagbilaran City, Bohol*Corresponding email: catherinebuta685@gmail.com
Abstract
Sociolinguistics is the study of ideas on the diverse use of language by individuals and groups withdiverse activities and interests. Language is viewed as a collective force, a gathering of people
from various cultures, social activities, and groups, rather than a simple means of communication.
This study aims to present and analyze the language registers used in rice cultivation in themunicipalities of Sierra Bullones and Dagohoy, Bohol. The study focused on the acquisition ofwords used in the seeding, planting, and harvesting processes; students will also learn the structureof each word and its use. To collect data, a qualitative research method based on "content analysis"
was used, with interviews and questionnaires serving as research tools. Farmers' rice planting
language registers have been discovered. These words are divided into three categories: seeding,planting, and harvesting - the processes involved in rice farming. Sierra Bullones has 49 language
registers, while Dagohoy has 37 words. It was also discovered that rice farmers in Sierra Bullones
and Dagohoy commonly used "simple form of word" registers. The aforementioned municipalities
had a large language register. According to the data collected, the words collected for the farmers'
language register can be used as a guide and additional knowledge through a glossary. The glossary
will be analyzed based on word structure and contains terms used in this field. The study will
broaden the vocabulary of the Filipino language and serve as a response to the current curriculumon Language Varieties and Variations based on words that are consistent with each field of people
to meet the needs of students that are consistent with the world standard. It is recommended to
study the language and register in another field or profession based on the information gathered.
Keywords: register, planting, farming, rice, palay99

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-31
Farmers’ Profile and Farming Engagements as Determinants of Economic
Well-being During Covid-19 Pandemic
Ivy Corazon A. Mangaya-Ay*, Mearie Jean A. Faustino, Mildred L. Quiza
and Lloyd L. Tejano
Bohol Island State University – Main Campus, Philippines Mearie Jean A. Faustino,
Bohol Island State University – Bilar Campus, Philippines Mildred L. Quiza
Bohol Island State University – Bilar Campus, Philippines Lloyd L. Tejano, Bohol Island State
University – Main Campus, Philippines*Corresponding email: ivycorazonancog@gmail.com
Abstract
Awareness about the resilience and sustainability of the different farming engagements has aninestimable potential of protecting and prepping the agricultural sector against the unprecedented
impact of the pandemic. This paper attempts to examine influential factors of savings andinvestment of 403 randomly selected farmers during the pandemic. We used the two variables as
proxy measures of the economic well-being of farmers. Logistic regression analysis shows
engagement in livestock and poultry farming leads to a positive effect on both savings andinvestment – evidence that this farming activity is still viable despite the uncertainty of farmbusiness operations when disrupted by a pandemic like COVID-19.
Keywords: logistic regression, farmers’ profile, farming engagement, COVID 19

100

Oral Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-33
Sensory Qualities of Tawa-Tawa Flavored (Euphorbia Hirta) Ice CreamMarrecil Billasencio Enot*
Bohol Island State University, Main Campus, Tagbilaran City, Bohol*Corresponding email: marrecil.enot@bisu.edu.phAbstract
Ice Cream is a mixture of milk, cream, eggs, sugar, salt and gelatin. Meanwhile with otheringredients like pulverized tawa-tawa plants. The main objectives of conducting this study was todetermine the preference level of Tawa-tawa flavored Ice cream in terms of the following;appearance, aroma, taste and texture, to identify if there was a significant difference among thethree treatments; Treatment 1 with 25grams of pulverized air-dried tawa-tawa plant, Treatment 2
with 50 grams of pulverized air-dried tawa-tawa plant, and Treatment 3 with 75 grams ofpulverized tawa-tawa plant. The study used the experimental-descriptive research designed
through the use of a rating scale questionnaire using 4-point hedonic scale. There was a total of 50
chosen respondents, composed of 27 first year food technology students,10 3rd year of foodtechnology students, 10 2nd year students of food technology students and three CTAS foodtechnology instructors. The data were treated using the Weighted Mean and ANOVA-Single
Factor to determine the difference on the preference test and Scheffe’s test to determine thedifference in the preference level of the tawa-tawa Euphorbia hirta flavored ice cream. The
computation showed that the respondents preferred Treatment 2 more than Treatment 1 and 3 interms of aroma, taste and texture. on the other hand, future researchers could also refer to thisstudy as a guide to conduct related studies and produce a new product out from the Tawa-tawaplant. Wherefore, Tawa-tawa flavored Ice Cream can be a considered as the one of the choices ofcold dessert to be serve in any occasion and potential income generating enterprises.
Keywords: Tawa-tawa plant, ice cream, cream, plants, pulverized101

Poster presentation

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-03
Study on Presence of Parasitic Species on Raising Cow Along Tonle Sap River
Provinces
Sopheak Houna,b, Chinda Wanna, Borin Seara, Mom Choyb
and Tory Chhunc,d*a

Department of Animal Science and Veterinary,Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiabLaboratory of Parasitology, Research Institute of Animal Health and Production,
General Department of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh, CambodiacDepartment of Agricultural Science, Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding e-mail: chhuntory@maff.gov.kh
Abstract
Animal production plays an important role in supplying food draft animal and main income sourceof farmers in Cambodia. in general, raising cattle and buffaloes as a family is like raising them inthe open field, and such raising makes the animals more susceptible to diseases, especially diseases
caused by parasites, which cause the animals to become thin, weak, tired, sick and unable to sell.
Due to such encounters, research has been conducted on "Study on presence of parasitic species
on raising cow along Tonle Sap River Provinces." The study was conducted to find out thepresence of parasites in cattle raised as a family in the provinces around the Tonle Sap Lake. To
find out the presence of parasites, blood samples and feces were collected from 134 cows from 5
provinces, including: Battambang, Pursat, Kampong Thom, Kampong Chhnang, and Siem Reap
province for analysis. These samples were analyzed in the laboratory of the General Departmentof Animal Health and Production of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The resultsof the analysis showed that almost 100% of samples tested contained parasites in the feces andblood. These include: Paramphistome, Fasciola, Strongylus, Babesia and Anaplasma. These
results suggest that most lean domestic cows are caused by the presence of parasites.
Keywords: cow, parasite, household cattle raising, infectious disease103

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-07
Effect of Plant Hormone Auxins on The Growth of Hybrid Rose Tissue
Culture in Vitro
Sreyleak Horn, Ren Rithy Ren, and Tory Chhun*
Department of Agricultural Science, Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding e-mail: chhuntory@maff.gov.kh
Abstract
Plant hormone auxins play almost every aspect of plant growth and development including cell
division and development, promoting differentiation and root development and embryo
development at the early seed development. Auxins are typically divided into 2 groups 1) naturally
occurring auxin including indole-3-actic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 2)
artificial auxin including 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
(2,4-D). However, these auxins are not clear in regard to rose tissue growth and development. The
present study is aimed to comparing the efficacy of IAA, NAA, and 2,4-D in inducing hybrid rosetissue growth in vitro. The experiment was conducted using small cutting stems and grown in MS
media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L; 1.0 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L of IAA, NAA, or 2,4-D. The results
showed that all levels of plant hormones of the mentioned 3 auxins was able to induce tissue
germination 100% though they promoted germination in different way. for example, at 0.5 mg/L
NAA can induce more callus formation than IAA and 2,4-D, while they can promote bud initiation
at low dose. When concentration increased to 1.0 mg/L or 1.5 mg/L, NAA was still more efficientin callus induction than IAA and 2,4-D. These results suggest that NAA plays an important role incallus induction whereas 2,4-D acts to promote shoot and leaf formation. on the other hand, IAA
has a similar efficient with NAA in callus induction in plant tissue of hybrid rose.
Keywords: auxin, rose, callus, bud104

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-11
Effect of Different Levels of Benzyl Adenine on Banana Tissue Growth ofCavendish in Vitro
Chann Suna and Tory Chhunb*ain Vitro clones Center, Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
b
Department of Agricultural Science, Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
*
Corresponding e-mail: chhuntory@maff.gov.kh

Abstract
Plant hormones play a significant role in plant growth and development. Plant hormone cytokinin,
Benzyl Adenine (BA), is naturally occurring plant hormone that acts to promote shoot growth anddevelopment. However, the role of BA in inducing cavendish banana (Musa acuminata) tissue
culture remained an elusive. The present study focused on effect of different levels of BA on thetissue culture growth of cavendish in vitro. There are 5 treatments including T1: BA 0 g/L; T2:
BA 2.0 mg/L; T2: BA 4.0 mg/L; T3: BA 6.0 mg/L and T5: BA 8.0 mg/L. It is noted that the culture
media was prepared in two different conditions; one is hard media and another is liquid media.
Both of which supplemented with different concentration of BA as mentioned above. The results
showed that banana explants incubated with 4.0 mg/L BA produced an average of 4.15 seedlings
higher than other treatments under hard media condition. However, under liquid media condition,
it required only 2 mg/L of BA to induce 7.7 seedling. The number of days required for maximum
seedling induction is 27 days and 17 days, respectively, for hard media and liquid media. on theother hand, explants grown without BA resulted in root formation though severe growth of aerial
parts. in conclusion, it is recommended to use hard media for initial culture which requires 4 mg/L
of BA. However, the liquid media should be used for subculture of banana plantlets and it requires
2.0 mg/L which leads to vigorous growth and healthy plants.
Keywords: cavendish, tissue, hormone, Benzyl Adenine

105

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-12
Method for Producing Organic Pesticide from Bamboo and Its Effect on
Insect Elimination
Srengkhai Lim, Anisa Nong, Net Chhem, Madavy Mat, Nhebsae Osin,
Sreymao Thoeurn, Sapraeny Fayzy, Ahmatlampi Sis, Sophon Phat, Chhy Ly
and Tory Chhun*
Department of Agricultural Science, Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
*Corresponding e-mail: chhuntory@maff.gov.kh
Abstract
Imports of pesticides into Cambodia have increased significantly from year to year, and the use ofchemical pesticides to control pests has created serious concerns for human health, animals andthe environment. Therefore, the research and production of organic pesticides plays an importantrole in maintaining the health of consumers and the environment and reducing the use of chemical
pesticides and reducing the cost of crop production costs. The current study was done focusing on
optional method to produce organic pesticides made from bamboo (leaves and bamboo charcoal).
The method of making organic pesticide from bamboo used Khmer bamboo (Ping Pung bamboo)
collected from Kampong Cham and Tbong Khmum provinces. The bamboo pesticide was later
applied on the plants infested with insects and it showed very effective to eliminate the insects
especially aphids.
Keyword: agri-chemical, insecticide, organic, bamboo.

106

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-15
Effects of Aeration and pH on the Performance of Lactic Acid BacteriaAttached Carbon Fiber Electrode
Narong Toucha*, Kota Shigetomia and Tadashi HibinobaTokyo University of Agricultural, Tokyo, Japanb
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan*Corresponding email: nt207118@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and iron ions dissolved from steelmaking slag (SS), when attached toan electrode surface, improve the performance of carbon fiber electrodes. However, the electrodepotential decreases during the attachment (fermentation without aeration), leading to a decrease inelectrode performance when used as a cathode. Additionally, SS dissolution increases the solution
pH, which can affect the survival rate of LAB. in this study, the effects of aeration on an electrodepotential and solution pH on the survival rate of LAB in solution during the fermentation are
examined. in the experiments, SS, LAB beverage, bamboo powder, and carbon fiber electrodes
were placed in a bottle with and without aeration. Temporal measurements of the solution pH, ironion concentrations, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and electrode potential were performed. The
results showed that aeration prevented the electrode potential from declining due to fermentation.
The concentrations of iron ions and solution pH temporarily increased during the fermentation,suggesting that SS have been dissolved. ATP began to decrease when the solution pH exceeded 8,
indicating that the solution pH influences the survival rate of LAB. It is recommended that thefermentation should be conducted within three days. Furthermore, to improve the performance ofa sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC), the electrodes with and without aeration should be used as
the cathode and anode of SMFC, respectively.
Keywords: carbon fiber electrode, steelmaking slag, lactic acid bacteria, aeration, pH

107

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-17
Changes in Soil Physical Properties Owing to Soil Reduction Treated with
Electrokinetic Treatment
Takahiko Nakamura and Narong Touch*
Tokyo University of Agricultural, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: nt207118@nodai.ac.jp
Abstract
Increasing soil water content due to soil reduction is generally confirmed in rice paddy soils after
flood irrigation or in littoral sediments with high organic matter content. This could be caused bysoil aggregates during the reduction process through biological and electrostatic phenomena. in
the literature, changes in liquid and plastic limits owing to soil reduction treated with electrokinetic
treatment (ET) have been reported; however, there was no report relating to changes in other soil
physical properties, such as grain size distribution (GSD) and water-holding capacity (WHC).
Thus, this study aims to examine changes in soil physical properties caused by soil reduction
treated with ET. in the laboratory experiments, changes in GSD, hydraulic conductivity, and WHC
were examined to understand soil aggregates due to soil reduction. During the ET application, adecrease in electrical conductivity was observed, indicating the cohesion of ions (soil aggregate).
This resulted in increases in the percentage of particles ranged 0.075–0.212 mm, hydraulicconductivity, and WHC. However, particle dispersion occurred when the electrical current washigh (10 mA), resulting in a significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity and WHC. Therefore,
it can be said that soil aggregates can develop electrostatically. Thus, ET can be used fordeveloping soil aggregate.
Keywords: soil reduction, electrokinetic treatment, soil aggregate, grain size distribution,
hydraulic conductivity, water-holding capacity108Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-26
Discussions on Soil Characteristics in Vineyard for Vinification in TokyoAi Kuriharaa* and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: 12522006@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Global warming is currently causing various problems. in particular, global warming is expected
to change the viticultural environment in warm regions. in wine production, grape quality is oneof the important factors, and the deterioration of grape quality due to global warming will directly
affect the balance of aroma, sugar, and acidity in wine, and there is concern that wine quality will
decline. Research on the physical and chemical properties of vineyard soils, which enable theproduction of superior quality grapes, has not been sufficiently conducted in Japan compared toEurope and the United States. in addition, the conditions being necessary to maintain vinification
grape cultivation in the face of further global warming in the future and the soil conditions suitable
for such cultivation have not been clarified. in this study, we investigated the physical and chemical
properties of the soil in Nerima Ward, Tokyo, and compared them with the secondary data from
Osaka Prefecture in Japan, so as to clarify the soil characteristics of vinification grapes. Regarding
physical properties the experimental results showed that the permeability of the subject site wasbetter than that of Osaka Prefecture, although the rainfall conditions of the previous day weredifferent from those of Osaka Prefecture in the soil sampling survey. As for the chemical properties
measured, low pH, low EC, and low exchangeable calcium, but the cultivated grapes were vinified
without problems and shipped as products, suggesting that they may not affect the cultivation ofgrapes for vinification. The more discussions on soil characteristics in vineyard for vinification inTokyo are made in the poster presentation.
Keywords: wine, terroir, vinification grapes, water permeability, Tokyo109

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-28
Effects of Adding Coconut Charcoal on Soil Physical Properties andMaize Performance
Peioneti ‘O E Halapaini Luia* and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*
Corresponding email: peionetilui@yahoo.com

Abstract
Tonga is one of the tropical countries that are vulnerable to climate change. One of the biggest
challenges for the agricultural sector in Tonga is the prolonged dry period without rainfall caused
by El-Nino climate phenomena. in 2015-2016, the drought season caused an economic crisis that
increased the price of food products. Due to the food deficit, the country had to import perishable
goods that were more expensive than the goods supplied locally. As an example, the normal priceof local tomatoes (1 kg $0.60 USD) was cheaper than the imported (1 kg $6.00 USD), which led
the inflation in markets. Therefore, the agricultural sector requires investments in installing
irrigation systems capable of providing sufficient underground water for plant growth. This
research tries to address the issue of water shortage during periods of drought by using coconut
charcoal as a soil water amendment. The experimental results indicated that adding coconut
charcoal as soil amendments can improve soil physical properties, especially the water-holding
capacity of the soil, thus reducing plant water stress. Overall, coconut charcoal as soil amendment
improved general plant performance, indicating such as leaf area, plant height, and weight of dry
plants. Therefore, coconut charcoal can be recommended as a soil amendment that conserves water
resources and reduces costs for irrigation and other expenses for small farmers. As a result,Tonga’s agricultural sector and small farmers become more resilient to the drought caused by ElNino. This would contribute to reducing the import of perishable agricultural products fromoverseas during the period of drought.
Keywords: El-Nino, drought, coconut charcoal, soil water holding capacity, water conservation

110

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-47
Real Color Crop Imaging for Improved Crop Status Monitoring on Cassava
Sreymey Ngouna*, Wolfram Spreera, Klaus Spohrera, Sophaonrith Rob,
Shamaila ZIA-Khana, Pimsiri Tiyayonc, Thitipat Weeplainc and Joachim MülleraaHohenheim University, Germany
Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiacChulalongkorn University, Thailand*Corresponding email: sreymey.ngoun@uni-hohenheim.deb

Abstract
The basic advantage of crop image acquisition is to gather non-invasive plant growth anddevelopment information. However, optical measurements instrument such has multihyperspectral cameras are very expensive. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop a
low-cost but high resolution RGB imaging. RGB color images reflect visible light information(400-750nm) and image acquisition is generally performed with CMOS sensors. in this study, we
have three objectives: a) Are RGB images in principle suitable to indicate irrigation need and lackof fertilizer? b) How is the information quality of RGB images compared to the use of moredetailed and wider reflection spectra, what is the relevant image information of RGB images, andcan the information content be improved by using spectral filters? c) Do RGB images from thefield show spatial patterns with respect to possible significant image information, which makeautomatic pattern recognition possible? The study is conducted at three locations, for example inGermany experiments will conduct under control conditions whereas, in Thailand and Cambodia
field trails will be done. During the experiments, Cassava plants will be supplied with different
levels of nitrogen and water status conditions. All the images will be taken by the hand held RGB
camera and mini UAV will be used to capture the pictures at the fields. Simultaneously, groundbased data such as chlorophyll content, leave porometer, soil moisture content, soil water tension,
leave nitrogen concentration, and weather data are also collected.
Keywords: cassava, RGB image, UAV, vegetation index, spectral filters

111

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-50
Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Production in Low
Land Provinces, Cambodia
Socheata Ratha*, Kong Kroesna, Chea Bunna and Kong Sokom
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh
*Corresponding email: Cheatpich83@gmail.com
Abstract
in a small-scale farm where people are owners and contract farmers in Cambodia, the disease has
been caused by microorganisms as well as viruses: fungi, parasites, and bacteria, including
Salmonella spp. These are pathogens for human health, animal health, and the environment.
Salmonellosis and antimicrobials affect public health. in addition, I would like to show my topic,"Antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in poultry production in lowland provinces,
Cambodia." To understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) that could reduce
antimicrobial resistance, these studies rely on stakeholders such as farmers, feed and veterinary
drug retailers, and animal health workers. The result showed that poultry farmers’ knowledge,
attitude, and practice in understanding the definition of antibiotics that kill bacteria are worse thanothers. Knowledge of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance is superior to practicebecause knowledge of uses accounts for approximately 60% of the total. on the contact side, feed
and veterinary drug retailers' knowledge of the definition of antibiotics that kill bacteria are poorer
than that of others questioned, but knowledge of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial
resistance is superior to practices because it is more effective than training courses, based on
previous experience. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in poultry farms was 7%, which is not asignificant risk to poultry health. However, those resistant to Tetracycline are 100%,
Oxytetracycline is 100%, and Penicillin G is 100%, but 95% and 90% were resistant. enrofloxacin
and sulphathiazole That’s the risk of antimicrobial resistance. They use antibiotics to promote andprotect the poultry when transporting animals to the farm. The type of antibiotics like enrofloxacin
and oxytetracycline routinely used on farm in addition, using antibiotics in food and water toprevent poultry disease is a risk factor for antibiotic resistance. All in all, Farmer, Veterinary
Medicine, and veterinary drug retailer must get attention to antibiotics focused on Dose and time
before use. After the veterinary medicine has used antibiotics who will recommend to the owneror Farm knowledge of pathogens like bacteria viruses and parasites, that are infected.
Keywords: Salmonlla spp., resistance, AMU and AMR

112

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-52
Xylooligomer From Phyllostachys Pubescens by Predrolysis During
Biorefining
Mouylin Chema,B*, Hiroshi Ohib and Akiko Nakagawa-IzumibabFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan*Corresponding email: mouylin.chem@gmail.com

Abstract
Generally, hemicellulose in hardwood is xylan, whereas it is glucomannan in softwood. Many
plant xylan materials are heteropolysaccharides with homopolymeric backbone chains of 1,4linked β-D-xylopyranose units. Xylooligomer (degree of polymerization from 2-7) products afterhydrolysis of hemicelluloses are considered the important products for functional food or dietaryfibers and are used as food supplements for health benefits. Extraction of hemicellulose byhydrothermal processing (prehydrolysis) is an alternative method for the valorization of bamboo
under the biorefinery approach. Prehydrolysis is an effective pretreatment approach that enables
the recovery of soluble saccharides in oligomeric form. in prehydrolysis, only water is added
without any chemicals, which confers an important benefit for the recovery process. in this study,
prehydrolysis was conducted on 50 g oven-dried bamboo chips mixed with 245 mL of distilledwater (liquid-to-bamboo ratio of 5 mL/g) at a temperature of 150 °C for various durations (3, 5,
and 7 h). The result presents the saccharide content (%) data in prehydrolysate after 3, 5, and 7 hof prehydrolysis. Extension of the prehydrolysis time did not significantly increase xylose,
whereas xylooligomer content increased from 1.51% to 5.68%. This indicates that approximately
28% of the bamboo xylan was dissolved into the prehydrolysate as xylooligomers. in addition, ion
chromatograph system analysis of the xylooligomers in bamboo prehydrolysate showed that 7 hof prehydrolysis achieved higher peaks. According to the results, the prehydrolysate obtained from
7 h prehydrolysis was an alternative source of the xylooligomer products.
Keywords: prehydrolysis, degree of polymerization, ion chromatograph113

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-57
Quantity and Quality of Green Manure Crops Growth under Environments
in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand
Jutatad Rattanaponga, Theerapol Plengsuntia and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,b*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding e-mail: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
In the area of Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand, most of the soil is sandy loam texture with lack offertility. Using green manure to improve soil is another effective way to increase soil fertility. The
quantity and quality of green manure crops growth in Chaiyaphum province were studied. This
field experiment was laid out in T-test with four treatment and five replications. The treatment
comprised of Sun hemp (Crotalaria Juncea), Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis), Cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata) and Sesbania rostrata (Sesbania rostrata Brem, Oberm). The results were found thatsoil properties as pH, organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium weredifferent. Soil in Sun hemp plot showed the highest of pH and available phosphorus. Soil in
Sesbania rostrata plot showed the highest of organic matter. Soil in Cowpea plot showed thehighest of exchangeable potassium. The growth and quantity of green manure biomass in theenvironment of Chaiyaphum Province was found that Sun hemp have the highest number of plants,
Jack Bean showed the highest fresh plant weight, above ground fresh weight and nitrogen,potassium and phosphorus content was the highest in Sun hemp.
Keyword: green manure crop, biomass, soil property

114

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-58
Utilization of Soil influenced by Volcanic Rock for Vermicompost Production
Yaraphorn Puttakorta and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,b*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding e-mail: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
Thailand has many volcanic-influenced areas especially in the upper part of Thailand. This study
aims compared the efficiency of nutrient of vermicompost using soil influenced by volcanic rockmixing various materials via vermicomposting systems during a 45 days period. Chemical
properties of compost and vermicompost and number and growth of earthworms were studied.
The experiment was set up in completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications consistedof Treatment 1: 40% soil + 30% cow manure + 20% rice husk biochar + 10% azolla + 30
earthworms, Treatment 2: 40% soil + 30% cow manure + 20% rice husk biochar + 10% cassava
pulp + 30 earthworms, Treatment 3: 40% soil + 30% cow manure + 20% rice husk biochar + 10%
vegetable residues + 30 earthworms, Treatment 4: 100% soil + 30 earthworms The CRD wasplanned for 3 replications of 4 samples. The results showed that after 45 days, the treatment ofusing 40% soil + 30% cow manure + 20% rice husk biochar + 10% cassava pulp gave the highest
growth of earthworms and increased the total number of earthworms by 1000%. for vermicompost
quality, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly higher than compost
systems, pH and EC found significantly decreased. Therefore, soil influenced by volcanic rock
could be utilization for vermicompost production.
Keywords: volcanic soil, sustainable agriculture, earthworm, vermicompost

115

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AG-14-63
Effectiveness of Washing Techniques for Reducing
Pesticide Residue on Tomatoes
Channy Menga, Socheath Tongb*, Borarin Buntongb and Vireak ChoubbabFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: tsocheath@rua.edu.kh

Abstract
Tomatoes are vegetables that are popular for eating either fresh or cooked. According to the World
Vegetable Center, tomatoes have an epidemic of disease as well as insects that make use of pesticides, it
makes consumers worried about the safety of Chemical hazard affect human health as chronic diseases.
Responding to this concern led to the study of the topic "Effectiveness of washing techniques for
reducing pesticide residue on tomatoes". The study was conducted to study the effects of washingon tomatoes by determining their responses to seven chemical compounds of pesticides such as
Fenvalerate, Cyhalothrin (Lambda), Cypermethrin, Beta-Endosulfan, Dimethoate, andDeltamethrin. The sample was processed by washing with treatments such as T1 (soaking in 2%
salt solution), T2 (tapping water), and T3 (T1 + T2) and analyzed for final remaining residues after
washing. Among all the treatments, the most effective one will be washed with tomatoes from afarm in Kondal and Battambang provinces and tested by comparing the amount of pesticide residue
left after washing with EU and Codex MRL standards. Preparation of analytical samples using the
QuEChERS Method and analysis of pesticide residues by GC MS/MS. The results showed thatwashing tomatoes with T3 (soaked in 2% salt solution and then washed with tap water) caused a
substantial reduction in residues, up 68% to 99.9%, which means the amount of pesticide residue
left after washing was lower than the MRL standard of the EU and Codex. Hence, this washingtreatment is a good method to use to wash tomatoes before consuming them both fresh and cooked,
since this method can reduce the high percentage of pesticide residue.
Keywords: residue pesticide, MRL standard, QuEChERS, GC MS/MS

116

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-64
Determination of Multi-Pesticide Residues in Local and Imported Tomatoes
Sold in Phnom Penh City Markets
Chivon Sama, Socheath Tongb*, Borarin Buntongb and Vireak ChoubbabFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Division of Research and Extension, Roya al University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: tsocheath@rua.edu.kh

Abstract
Tomatoes are difficult to grow fruits and vegetables, which causes farmers to use a lot of,pesticides to prevent pests. Using such pesticides has led to doubts about safety factors, especiallyregarding the chemical safety of fruit and vegetable products, which is a major issue today.
Tomatoes were collected from some markets in Phnom Penh, 16 samples of which were packed
in a sample bag and frozen at -20 degrees Celsius. GC MS/MS was use to analyze the pesticide in
tomatoes and the Agilent Method and QuEChERS Extract Pouch, EN Method (Bund Elut Salt) in
Sample Preparation. The results showed that the tomato samples with high pesticide content were
imported from the local market with residues of chlorfenapyr 0.1776 (± 0.0091) and 0.1965 (±0.0128) in excess of EU standard (0.01 mg/kg). The composition of Cypermethrin 0.2816(±
0.0177) and 0.3576 (± 0.0526) exceeds the EU standard amount (0.05 mg/kg). The chlorfenapyr
compound, Cypermethrin, was found to exceed EU quantities but was also under Codex standards
for both domestic and imported samples.
Keywords: residue pesticide, MRL standard, QuEChERS, GC MS/MS

117

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AG-14-65
Determination of Multi Pesticide Residue on Post Pesticides Spraying Tomato
From Kandal and Battambang Provinces
Somanita Ruon, Liza Porm, Socheath Tong, Borarin Buntong and Vireak Choub
Division of Research and Extension, Roya al University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email:rsomanita@gmail.com and pormliza1808@gmail.com
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world and is considered a high-value
vegetable. Tomato crops are also sensitive to disease damage. Nevertheless, farmers haven't usedpesticides properly. The main problem seemed to be that pesticides were applied to tomatoes for
only a few days after harvesting began. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify
multi-pesticide residues on post-pesticide spraying tomato in the provinces of Kandal andBattambang. Tomato samples were collected in Kandal and Battambang provinces. Once wasgrown in a greenhouse, and the other was grown in the field after spraying pesticide for 1, 3, 7,
10, and 14 days. Determinate with six compounds, such as Acetamiprid, Carbofuran,
Chlorfenapyr, Cypermethrin, Fipronil, and Chlorpyrifos. The quantification is then compared to
EU and Codex standards. in total, 12 samples were packaged in proper, close-up bags. Prepare
samples by using the QuEChERS method and analyzing them by GC MS/MS. As a result of this,Kandal province Only three pesticide residues were found in greenhouses, and the quantifiable
compound chlorpyrifos was found to be 0.0080 (±0.008) mg/kg, which is lower than the EU and
Codex MRL standards. in the field, 14 days after spraying, there were 4 pesticide residues found,with the highest concentration being acetamiprid at 0.4262 (±0.0036) mg/kg, which was lower
than the EU and Codex MRL standards. for Battambang province. in greenhouses, Acetamiprid
was the only one that was found to have 0,0076 (±0,0010) mg/kg, and in fields, Acetamiprid,
Chlorfenapyr, Cypermethrin, and Chlorpyrifos were found. According to European standards,
acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos residues are safe 7 days after spraying. Chlorfenapyr andcypermethrin are safe for 10 days after spraying. for Codex, Chlorfenapyr, and cypermethrin aresafe 7 days after spraying.
Keywords: residue pesticide, MRL standard, QuEChERS, GC MS/MS

118

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-67
Processing of Ethanol from Cassava Root
Holihour Chi, Kimseng Troeung*, Sophorlkun Yim and Borarin Buntong
Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: tkimseng@rua.edu.kh
Abstract
Cassava is scientifically known as "Manihot esculenta". Nowadays, cassava is a Cambodia's
second largest industrial crops, where exported to Vietnam in the form of fresh cassava tubers,
exported to China in the form of dried slices and exported to Thailand both fresh and dried product.
The experiments on how to process ethanol from cassava for using in everyday life was designed
aiming at evaluation of appropriate proportion of raw material include yeast, enzyme and amountof cassava for better yield in ethanol production. 5 kg of fresh cassava with 10 liters of water, 0.75
g of Amylase enzymes, 1.125 g of Glucoamylase enzymes, and divided the experimental treatment
into different types of yeast that used red star yeast 3.75 grams, Vietnamese yeast 85 grams andlocal yeast 100 grams were used in the experiment. As result, after the fermented process, thetreatment using red star yeast had a total acid content of 0.07 %, total soluble solids of 2.3 brix
and a pH of 6.5. The treatment using Vietnamese yeast had a total acid content of 0.08 %, totalsoluble solids of 2.07 brix and a pH of 6.23. and using the local yeast had a total acid content of
0.07 %, total soluble solids of 2.00 brix and a pH of 6.5. After the distillation, for the treatmentusing red star yeast, the ethanol yield was 80 degrees, 760 ml, Vietnam yeast get a yielded ofethanol was 77.33 degrees, 644 ml, and the local yeast the yield of ethanol was 77.67 degrees, 494
ml. This is to conclude that the red star yeast has higher yield and better quality of ethanol thanother treatment
Keywords: fermented, distillation, yield, fresh cassava, red star yeast, amylase

119

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-68
Morphological and Leaf Nutrients Characteristics of Different Peanut
Cultivars in Alluvial Soil Condition
Chanthin Ouk*, Kim Eang Tho, Nontarak Huong, Sieng Hai Un, Srey Em Choun,
Theary Leng, Penghaing Ly, Savry Peong, Chhunly Chhoy, Kimvai Hong,and Kosal Chet
Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: oukchanthin2014@gmail.com
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the 13th of economic crop and 3rd of an important oil crop in theworld. Actually, peanut growing condition in Cambodia is such of potential that would be involved
to the gate of economic increase in Cambodia while economic income mostly from agricultural
sector. Exactly, there are a lot of provinces in Cambodia enhance to peanut growth such as Kratie,
Rathanakiri, Modulkiri, Kandal, Battambang, Kompong Cham province and other. Since 2020,
there were 20 000 tons of peanut production on 18 000 hectares of area (USDA, 2021).
But there is no more detail for various characteristic that could be affected to yield, leaf protein,nut protein, oil, carbohydrate and energy that is a problem for farmers. Base on above that’s why
there is a study on Morphological Leaf and Nut Nutrient characteristic of Different Peanut
Cultivars in Alluvial Soil Condition. To valuate about different physiology of peanuts leaf and nut
nutrients.
This trial aimed to study about morphology of different peanut cultivars and leaf nutrient, there
are 11 treatments (T1: Smooth shell Local, T2: Striped shell local, T3: Cap1, T4: Chinese Ghana,
T5: N Kati Sar 1, T6: Yen Yaw 050, T7: Sarinut 2, T8: Georgia 06, T9: Red Local, T10: Chinese
Local and T11: Carwile's Viginia) with 4 replications total 44 plots on area of 1320 m2 located in
Tbong Khmum district Tbong Khmum province. As the result, the higher yield of peanuts among
the treatments was found superior in treatment T2, T7 and T9. The best nutrient result in the lavesis the treatment T10, T9, T11 and T5.
Keywords: morphology, nutrients, peanut, alluvial soil

120

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-69
Evaluating the effectiveness of organic fertilizer from mango waste on growthand yield of water spinach under net house conditions
Nguyen Khoi Nghiaa*, Truong Ngoc Dab and Nguyen Huu ThienaaDepartment of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Vietnamb
Master student of Climate Change and Sustainable Tropical Agriculture,
College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Vietnam*Corresponding email: nknghia@ctu.edu.vn

Abstract
The objective of the study was (1) to evaluate the qualities of two by-products of organic fertilizers(solid and liquid) made from damaged mango fruits inoculated with organic material decomposers,
Aspergillus oryzae H9-6 fungus and Acetobacter orientalis B7 bacteria, and (2) to assess theefficacy of these two by-products of organic fertilizers (solid and liquid) on the growth, yield ofwater spinach, and some alluvial soil properties under the greenhouse conditions. The results
showed that the composting treatment with a ratio of 50% cow dung and 50% damage mango fruitin a combination with microbial products including fungi and bacteria helped to increase thedecomposition rate, electrical conductivity (EC) and fungal density of the solid organic fertilizer.
in addition, in the liquid fertilizer product treatment inoculated with Acetobacter orientalis B7
made an increase in the decomposition rate, EC, Ntt, Pav, Ktt and bacterial density of the solidorganic fertilizer. Results of survey on the effectiveness of two types of organic fertilizers frommango by-products supplemented with benificial Bacillus megaterium MQ-2.5 fixing nitrogen andsynthezing IAA on growth, yield of water spinach and alluvial soil characteristics under thegreenhouse conditions after one experimental crop showed that the use of solid organic fertilizer
by singly applying with a dose of 5 tons/ha or in combination with 1% liquid organic fertilizer
spray every 7 days helped to increase plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content in leaves,fresh yield (8.8-11.2%), and dry biomass (12.9-16.8%) as the control treatment only with 75%
NPK application.. Therefore, it can be concluded that microbial organic fertilizer made frommango and cow manure has a great potential in safe vegetable cultivation.
Keywords: Acetobacter orientalis b7, Aspergillus oryzae h9-6, Bacillus megaterium mq-2.5,
microbial organic fertilizers, mango by-products, water spinach

121

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-70
Effect of Dry Brewery Residue on The Growth of Local Chicken(Gallus domesticus)
Bunhor Ouka and Tory Chhunb*abChea Sim National University of Kamchaymear, Prey Veng, Cambodia
Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding e-mail : chhuntory@maff.gov.kh

Abstract
The residual from the food industry such as dry brewery residue (DBR) has the potential to replace
the traditional ingredients which its cost greatly increases year by year. Thus, DBR may be thealternative feed used for animal production. The current study was aimed to evaluating the effectof different levels of DBR on the growth of chicken growth. The basic diet was supplemented with
0% (used as control), 20%, 25%, or 30% of DBR. The broiler chickens were raised in a Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates, and each replicate contains 10 of 6-week-old
broilers. Experimental results showed that there was no significantly different in mean weight ofchickens among the four treatments from week 1 to week 5. However, in week 6 and 7, the third
treatment, which applied 25% of DBR, gained more weight than the first treatment which did notuse dry beer waste (0%), the second treatment used 20%, and the fourth treatment used 30% (P<0.05). on other hand, the intake of feed taken by chickens in the third treatment was significantly
higher than other treatments (P <0.05) during week 6 and 7. Taken together, these results suggestthat basic feed supplemented with 25% of DBR can promote chicken growth better than otherlevels of DBR, and this better growth is likely promoted by more feed intake.
Keywords: Brewery Dried Residue (DBR), local broiler chicken, growth122

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

AG-14-71
Optimum Yeast Amount for Ethanol Production
Sophorlkun Yim, Holihour Chi, Kimseng Troeung, and Borarin Buntong*
Division of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture*Corresponding email: bborarin@rua.edu.kh
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is known as Cambodia's second largest industrial crop. This crop has
been observed to be shifting from household cultivation to commercial cultivation in order toincrease household income. Rather than process into other final product it is export to abroad inform of raw cassava root and dried chip. Yeast is an important microorganism that help inconversion sugar in cassava to ethanol in final product. This study focuses on finding the optimum
amount of yeast for ethanol production for daily life usage. With the ratio of 1:1 (cassava andwater), three treatments were designed by using different of yeast amount (25%, 30%, and 35%)
for this experiment. As the result the treatment with 25% of yeast gave the highest ethanol degreeof 82%, follow by ethanol yield of 929ml, and spent the least fermentation period only 10 days.
As for treatment used yeast 30% gave ethanol degree of 67%, follow by ethanol yield of
1,567.50ml, and spent the longest fermentation period up to 20 days. for treatment used yeast 35%
gave the lowest ethanol degree of 52%, alcohol yield for 1,000ml, and spent only 10 days forfermentation. Therefore, the treatment used 25% yeast was found as the optimum amount for yeast
using in the ethanol production due to it spends the least day for fermentation and costing compare
to other treatment. Furthermore, it gave the highest ethanol degree that can be used in many
purposes.
Keywords: cassava fermentation, yeast, treatment ration, rural Cambodia, cassava chip, raw
cassava root123

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-03
Physical Structure Assessment of Rivers Used By Grazing Livestock
Yuri Yamazaki*
Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Japan*Corresponding email: y.yamazaki@tottori-u.ac.jp
Abstract
When considering a sustainable livestock industry, livestock farmers face many challenges:
increasing productivity, reducing environmental impact, reducing greenhouse gases, andimproving animal welfare. in particular, Japan is highly dependent on imported feed. Therefore,
the effect of fluctuations in imported feed prices on business is enormous, making a shift to selfsufficient feed an urgent issue. Now, multiple advantages of pasture-based livestock farming havebeen cited: it not only realizes a labor-saving and low-cost production system and contributes toimproved animal welfare but is also expected to utilize unused land. However, the number ofgrazing operations in Japan is minimal, accounting for only 10% of the total. in the future, it willbe essential to propose environmentally friendly management methods for spreading grazing
livestock production. Still, the lack of examples of grazing livestock production in Japan meansthat discussions on the environmental impact of grazing need to be more comprehensive.
The author has researched forest grazing, in which forests are used as part of the grazing land as aform of sustainable livestock production. in pastoral livestock farming, the size of the pastureland
is often large, or multiple pastures are owned. If the rivers and waterways on the property can beused as drinking water for livestock, it is possible to save farmers the labor of supplying water.
Therefore, water quality monitoring is essential for using rivers as drinking water for livestock andfor the environmental impact of using rivers. on the other hand, habitat surveys in rivers andwaterways are also important when considering aquatic ecosystems, and river physicalenvironment assessments are being promoted in Japan. Here, we conducted a physicalenvironment assessment of river used by grazing cattle. We considered the use of waterways in
grazing and their coexistence with the ecosystem.
Keywords: physical structure assessment, RHS-HQA, forest-grazing, pasture-based livestock124

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-04
Considering Environmental Standards Based on Soils and Water Quality inthe Biotopes around Urban Areas in Japan
Madoka Kurotakia* and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: 12521002@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Biotope, where the ecosystems have been lost due to industrial development and urbanization,
should be restored to rehabilitate the organisms of the original inhabitants. Although there are
more than 1,500 school biotopes in Japan, few types of research have been conducted forevaluating their soil and water quality. Compared to lakes and rivers, biotopes have problems as
there is less data on soil and water quality. Furthermore, there were no "environmental standards
for biotopes", so we cannot evaluate if their soil and water conditions are appropriate for biotopes.
Accordingly, the aims of this study are to determine soil and water quality in several biotopes andto develop a draft of environmental standards for biotopes. Various surveys were conducted bydisseminating questionnaires to elementary school students on current management systems andtheir perception of the function of biotopes. Soil and water samples were collected at a public parkand four elementary schools in Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefectures. As biological characteristics, E.
coli and coliforms were measured from soil samples. Also, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus(TP), pH, EC, SS, E. coli and coliform were measured from water samples.
The results were both TN and TP tended to increase in summer due to the increase in algae. The
school that keeps bantams and goats near the biotope detected E. coli and coliforms. The
excrement of these animals looks to be a cause of the contamination. However, the questionnaire
results indicated that the water appears to be clean. Accordingly, there was a difference in theirperception and water quality condition. Therefore, the draft of environmental standards, TN, andTP values should be consistent with the standards for the lakes, although there are size differences
between lakes and biotopes. Also, considering the fact that children often play with biotopes, thestandards for E. coli and coliforms should be more restricted.
Keywords: biotope, environmental standards, E. coli, Tokyo

125

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-09
A Pro-active Response to a Disaster Incident: The Sibonga, Cebu CaseJan Roy Arante*, Annavie Suico and Huberto Zanoria
Matias H. Aznar Memorial College, Inc, Cebu City
Municipal Planning and Development, San Fernando, RCE-Cebu, Cebu City
*Corresponding email: janroroarante@gmail.com
Abstract
The increasing impact by natural hazards, intensified by climate change is a great havoc
to the community worldwide. Understandably with the damage that these natural hazards arecapable of in its wake, government should, by default be responsible for the development ofdisaster risk and reduction management policies which is geared towards the lessening of any
perceivable fatality and other losses to either life or property. Furthermore, an enlarged
comprehension by the community on how to address the root of climate change is momentous
which the government should focus on.
The entirety of the paper would like to broaden more the information on how a local government
unit in the Philippines has associated, analyzed and responded to Super Typhoon Rai that barreledthrough northern Mindanao and the Visayan provinces in the country. Based on the document
reviews,interviews, and discussions with the head of Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction
Management in the local government unit of Sibonga, Cebu and other functionaries, the results
highlighted the strategies developed and implemented which has the overall aim of ‘zero casualty.’
Concerns like establishment of early warning system; identification of susceptible areas toflooding, landslide and water surges; formation of household clusters ( ‘purok system’ ) andevacuation of families in most vulnerable areas were made prior to the passage of the typhoon.
Related actions by the local government unit like stockpiling of food items in strategic locations,pro-active partnerships with businesses like gasoline stations, water refilling stores and training
community volunteers in health, retrieval and clearing operations were factors that alleviatedcommunity disruptions during and immediately after the typhoon.
The insights that were drawn out from the municipality’s experience will be disseminated to otherlocal government units through manual production of resources such as manuals and the like, as
well as sharing sessions, for the purpose of information sharing.
Keywords: DRRM Response, municipal planning and development office, San Fernando,
Cebu, RCE-Cebu, Philippines

126

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-10
Twin Lakes Eco-Tourism: A Case study on People-managed Projects in thePhilippines
Nuñez Ella Mariea, Arante Jan Roya and Zanoria HubertobaMatias H. Aznar Memorial College, Inc, Cebu City
Corresponding email: jonroroarante@gmail.com, ellanunez111@gmail.comb
RCE-Cebu, Cebu City
Corresponding email: hubertozanoria@gmail.com
Abstract
Threats to biodiversity from increasing populations and poverty has resulted in the use ofinvestments in livelihood support activities as economic incentives for natural and biodiversity
conservation. In the Central Visayas region, Philippines, with 24 declared protected areas withunique and distinctive natural features whose biodiversity warrant protection. These protectedareas are habitats of different plants and animals that are either endemic and/or threatened. Almost
all are inhabited, thus the need to carefully factor in their social dimension and define the role ofthe host communities. There are ongoing attempts to draw in people’s organizations and local
government units in managing these sites through ecotourism and other innovative approaches.
Communities were given the responsibility to manage/protect these invaluable treasures. Thisinitiative is a departure from the more punitive and exclusive approach of natural resource
management.
The experience of Balinsasayao Twin Lake Natural Park is a good example of people managing
an eco-tourism project. Major features include safeguarding the environment through maintenanceof the protected area by using basic technologies in pump-boat operation; regular monitoring ofprotected areas (volunteer forest rangers ( “ Bantay Gubat” ) and assistance for those opting towalk around the two lakes ; strict prohibition on the use of drones ; food preparation using locallyavailable ingredients/materials ( native ferns, native chicken and spices ) and regularsharing/interaction sessions between visitors and people’s organization members. In the process,it provided opportunities in facilitating and maintaining quality visitor experience.
Challenges like the two unanticipated events of COVID-19 and Typhoon Odette or internationallyknown as Typhoon Rai, affected the operation of their project. At present, they are still in ‘recovery
mode’ with the main focus on investing in damaged facilities and the issue on carrying capacityof visitors visiting the protected area.
Keywords: eco-tourism, community empowerment, people's organization, women
empowerment, biodiversity conservation

127

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-12
Urban-Rural Synergy Improvement Through The Ecosystem Services of The
Blue-Green Infrastructure in Greater Tokyo Area.
Ivana Angelova*
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Nakano City, Tokyo 164-8525*Corresponding email: ivanaangelova@meiji.ac.jp
Abstract
With the advancement of technology, the physical and temporal boundaries between rural andurban regions are shrinking, requiring interaction between the sectors. While the idea is to groweach region without compromising their recently found harmony, there are still numerous
impediments and issues that limit this unavoidable urban-rural link.
The abundant water network of the Greater Tokyo Area is recognized as an asset that can serve asa linkage between the suburban agriculture areas and densely populated and built urban areas andpreserve their harmony. This study identifies two major types of waterways. One that is culverted
and operates as a greenway and the second, that is open water canal. Depending on its context andlocation this type can have several connotations like irrigation, drainage or simply being a creek.
This network represents an ecosystem that is worth of further exploration. This research isaccessing and mapping the multiple benefits of the ecosystem’s services of the linear blue andgreen infrastructure (GBI). Those services are classified as provisioning, regulating, cultural andsupporting of habitat. They are crucial for the local sustainable development and be able toalleviate poverty and food insecurity.
With this survey the local authorities can have a scientific basis on how to preserve and develop
the existing linear blue and green infrastructure and implement new.
Keywords: green-blue infrastructure, ecosystem services, urban-rural, Great Tokyo Area

128

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-15
Evaluating Water Purification Capacity of Patinopecten yessoensis Shells
Inoculated Effective Microorganisms
Kosei Moroishia* and Machito MiharabaGraduate School of Agro-environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: 12521006@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
in Japan, biotopes have been created in many places since the end of the 20th century. Since,
biotopes are closed water systems with high influxes of nutrients, one of the main problems related
to water quality is the occurrence of blue-green algae. in this environment, reduction and controlof the blue-green algae cannot be done by chemicals. It is necessary for water quality to be
maintained by other non-chemical means. Therefore, this study aims to investigate theeffectiveness of Patinopecten yessoensis shells inoculated with effective microorganisms as amethod for nutrient and water quality control in a biotope environment. The problem in Japan isthat huge numbers of Patinopecten yessoensis shells are left out in the open because they cannot
be properly handled. Although Patinopecten yessoensis shells are porous and have been studied
for water purification. Accordingly, research attention has been paid to the water purification
capacity of Patinopecten yessoensis shells inoculated with effective microorganisms.
in the study experiment, Patinopecten yessoensis shells inoculated with Lactobacillus, Bacillus
subtilis var. natto, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used, to purify water samples taken froma pond in Yatoyama Park in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. To compare the nitrogen removal
capacity, in total the experiments consisted of 8 treatments. in four treatments, Patinopecten
yessoensis shells were burned at 600 degrees to increase the pore size and distribution andinoculated with the above-mentioned microorganisms. in the second group of four treatments,
Patinopecten yessoensis shells were not burned, they were only inoculated with themicroorganisms. Uninoculated burned and unburned shells were used as control treatments.
The experimental results showed total nitrogen removal rates of 42% for unburned anduninoculated shells, 0% for Lactobacillus-inoculated unburned shells, 45% for Bacillus subtilis
var. natto-inoculated unburned shells, 58% for Saccharomyces cerevisiae-inoculated unburned
shells. Regarding the burned shells, results showed 51% nitrogen reduction at the uninoculatedshells treatment. Lactobacillus-inoculated burned shells reduced nitrogen by 47%, Bacillus subtilis
var. natto-inoculated burned shells reduced by 34% and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-inoculatedburned shells reduced the nitrogen in the water sample by 69%. Since this was a short-term
experiment, a long-term experiment as well as field-applicable methods need to be discussed in
the future.
Keywords: water purification, microorganism, Patinopecten yessoensis, Lactobacillus, Bacillus
subtilis var. natto, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

129

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-16
Use of Remote Sensing in Estimating Water Resources Potential in Data Scare
RegionLameck Fiwaa, Sarvesh Maskeyb*, Ke Zhangb, Ayako Sekiyamab,
Tamano Hayashic and Hiromu OkazawabaLilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, MalawibTokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Ryogoku University, Japan*Corresponding email: sm207888@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Identifying suitable areas for cultivation in dry season is difficult especially in areas where thereis scarcity of data. Remote sensing is one of the solutions to this problem. Remote areas like
Chembe, an enclaved village in the Lake Malawi National Park have a tendency of paucity in data
availability. Its agricultural activities are limited to the rainy season due to lack of irrigation
facilities as well as exploring sustainable options in using the few available water sources.
Immense pressure on agricultural productivity has been observed due to an increase in populationand hand migration of people for economic opportunities in fishing and tourism sectors. It istherefore essential to (1) monitor the trend of spatial expansion of farmlands over the years and(2) assess the water resources potential in the dry season to derive strategies for efficientmanagement of available water resources for sustainable dry season agricultural production.
Therefore, this study used Sentinel 2 imagery and 30-arc second SRTM data to estimate NDVI(Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index) and TWI (Topographic Wetness Index) respectively,
to evaluate spatial distribution of farmland, water resources and hydrological process, thus
assessing potential water resources. Results indicate the expansion of cultivable land while the dry
season assessments indicate that the potential of water sources exist with the area shrinking as thedry season extends from July to October. The areas with high NDVI in the dry season over theyears are decreasing with time in a season, indicating that more land is used for the same water for
irrigation due to an increase in demand for food. This calls for the implementation of more efficientirrigation methods to conserve the water as well as to increase agricultural production. An example
is the use of drip irrigation and early maturing crop cultivars.
Keywords: Lake Malawi National Park, water use potential, remote sensing

130

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-21
Effect Of Different Soil Amendments on Some Soil Properties, Growth And
Yield Of Calotropis Gigantea Grown Under Salinity Conditions
Mallika Srisuthama*, Anan Polthaneeb, Thanyaluck Nonthasric, Supranee Sritumboonc,
Koshi Yoshidad, Wariya Mittae and Masaru MizoguchifaDepartment of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Thailandb
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, ThailandcLand Development Department, Khon Kaen, ThailanddGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, JapaneCreative Technology Co.,Ltd., Bangkok, ThailandfGraduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: smalli@kku.ac.th
Abstract
The extremely soil salinity is classified as barren area in the northeastern Thailand. In general,most crops are not able to cultivate such area. However, Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton wasobserved that they can survive saline area. This crop may produce yield under proper soil
management and provides household income when they grow under extreme soil salinity.
Therefore, pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding soil amendment
materials on changes in soil properties, soil moisture, growth, and yield of Calotropis gigantea (L.)
W.T. Aiton under extreme soil salinity concentration level (EC≥16 dS/m). The treatments consistof (1) non-application (control), (2) coarse sand alone, and (3) coarse sand+M.Calabura dry
leaves+Polymer. The results showed that the electrical conductivity in soil solution decreased,
whereas soil bulk density, soil moisture content, and macronutrients increased, regardless of coarse
sand+ M.Calabura +polymer application, compared with the coarse sand application alone andnon-application control treatments. Consequently, applying these soil amendment materials
decreased Na+: K+ ratio in plant results in improved growth characters and yield of Calotropis
gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton grown under extreme salt stress conditions.
Keywords: soil salinity, soil moisture, organic matter, polymer, Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T.
Aiton

131

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-24
Evaluation of the effect of Alternate wetting and drying irrigation on thegrowth of paddy rice plant height using a Logistic Model
Kiseki Kurashinaa, Sarvesh Maskeyb, Dickson M. Mazibukoa
and Hiromu Okazawab*aGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Climate change poses a challenge to irrigation water supply especially with continuous flood
irrigation method (CF). Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) is a widely used methodof rice cultivation as a mitigation measure for water consumption, without reducing yields. in order
to better promote AWD in areas where water scarcity occurs in the future, it is necessary toquantify the impact of AWD on growth. This study used pot culture trials to evaluate the effect of
AWD on rice growth measured using plant height. The analysis shows that by using AWD,
irrigation capacity was reduced by approximately about 19%. A multiple regression analysis
indicates that temperature, sunshine hours and relative humidity had significant effects on plant
growth. A growth model (RMSE= 2.98 to 3.82 cm) was generated by applying a logistic curve
where the daily mean integrated values of meteorological data as explanatory variables and plant
growth as the objective variable. Using the model, it was found that AWD increased the growthrate but slowed the time to start growing compared to CF.
Keywords: alternate wetting and drying, logistic model, plant growth model, rice paddy

132

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-25
Effect of Nutrients in Treated Sewage Water on Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) Cultivation
Kazuha Wakasugi a, Sarvesh Maskeyb*, Kouji Takedac and Hiromu OkazawabaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Teacher-training Course, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: sm207888@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
The crayfish is a familiar crustacean species in Japan which are abundant in paddy fields and otherwater habitats. However, as an invasive alien species, it is considered to cause damages to theecosystem and has become a subject of extermination. on the other hand, in countries such as
China, cray fish is considered as a food resource. in Japan too, crayfish can be utilized as a foodresource by promoting it as a sustainable food resource. Also, in Japan, sewage is purified toenvironmental standards at sewage treatment plants before being discharged into the sea.
Therefore, the treated sewage water is considered as a safe and effective water resource. This study
focuses on the possibility of a crayfish aquaculture system utilizing treated sewage water.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus in treatedsewage water on the growth of crayfish. An aquaculture experiments were conducted using treatedsewage, recycled sewage and tap water (control) over a period of 10 weeks, and the effects ofnitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of the crayfish were evaluated. According to the results, it
was found that there was a significant correlation between the concentrations of total nitrogen (R= 0.60**, 0.57**, 0.58** for tap water, reclaimed water and treated water, respectively) and total
phosphorus (R = 0.61**, 0.59**, 0.66** for tap water, reclaimed water and treated water,
respectively) on the growth of crayfish. From this, it can be concluded that treated water andreclaimed water, which have relatively higher concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus than tap
water, have a growth-promoting effect on crayfish. This study was able to determine the impactof treated and reclaimed water on the growth of crayfish and proposed a method to improve theefficiency of crayfish aquaculture as well as the sustainable and recyclable use of water resources.
Keywords: crayfish, aquaculture, sewage water, water quality

133Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-27
Development of indexes to evaluate the effectiveness of Low water level
control in irrigation ponds-A case study of irrigation ponds in Tottori, Japan
Ryo Harasawa*, Katsuyuki Shimizu and Yuri Yamazaki
Tottori University, Tottori, Japan*Corresponding email: ryoharasawa2018@outlook.jp
Abstract
The spillways of most irrigation ponds in Japan should be repaired to safely pass the 200- year
flood event, which is the design criteria set by the government. Low water level control (LWLC)
in irrigation ponds is currently recognized as one of the countermeasures to mitigate floods.
However, the pond managers do not know what extent the water level of the pond should belowered. in this study, flood mitigation function of LWLC in each pond was quantitatively
evaluated, and indexes were proposed to determine whether it is worth to practice LWLC in eachpond or whether the spillway needs to be repaired. Seventy-two irrigation ponds in Tottori
prefecture are selected for analysis and water balance of each pond is calculated with 10-, 50-, and200-year rainfall events. The results show that half of the ponds cannot safely pass the flood even
if they are empty before the 10-year rainfall event. Such ponds are often larger than 50 in terms of
the ratio of catchment area to the full water area. on the other hand, ponds with the ratio of lessthan 50 show a high flood mitigation function due to LWLC. in addition to this, the priority canbe evaluated from that point of view that spillway can pass peak runoff or not, because the size
and the type of spillway is different among ponds. The effectiveness of LWLC can be evaluatedin terms of the ability of the spillway to pass the peak runoff from the catchment when the pond is
full. The three indicators, the ratio of catchment area to the full water area, difference of peak flood
reduction rate, and peak discharge ratio, are simple and useful indexes for LWLC to prevent
irrigation pond failure.
Keywords: flood mitigation, spillway, water management, water balance134

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-28
Ecosystem Carbon Stock Assessment in Upland Forest: Case Study in Koh
Kong, Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear and Siem Reap province
Soben Kim*, Sarun Horn, Pheak Sok, Theamhy Sien and Chomroeun Yorn
Faculty of Forestry Science, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: kimsoben@gmail.com
Abstract
The problem of climate change is caused by the human-induced increase in the stock of greenhousegases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Carbon storage in forests is one measure that can be taken to
mitigate climate change. Forests provide many important ecosystem services to Cambodia, suchas food production, natural medicine, water supply, and protection from wind and storms.
However, the amount of carbon stored in forests varies depending on spatial and temporal factors
such as forest type, size, age, stand structure, associated vegetation, and ecological zonation, toname a few. This study presents the results of carbon stock assessment in the different forest typesof the pilot project provinces. in addition, this study represents the baseline assessment of carbon
stock in these sites by estimating carbon stock in all carbon pools. It is the first step to calculate
all carbon pools in Cambodia. Normally, the aboveground biomass pools and belowgroundbiomass pools are studied. However, in this study, five carbon pools are investigated, namely
aboveground biomass pool (AGB), belowground biomass pool (BGB), litter biomass pool,
deadwood biomass pool, and soil organic carbon pool (SOC). National inventory method which
published by FAO was applied in the research study, the size of the rectangular plot is (30m x
50m). The results of an estimate of carbon stocks in Cambodian forest types are reported in tonnes
per hectare. The total carbon stock of the ecosystem in Koh Kong province as semi-evergreen
forest is 203.03 tonnes C/ha, in Mondulkiri province as deciduous forest is 248.86 tonnes C/ha, in
Preah Vihear province as deciduous forest is 185.68 tonnes C/ha, in Siem Reap province as
deciduous forest is 210.53 tonnes C/ha, and as evergreen forest is 418.71 tonnes C/ha. This resultshows that the different carbon stock in different provinces and forest types will contribute toimproving environmental quality, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and supporting thegovernment's strategy for sustainable management of the forest sector in Cambodia.
Keywords: above ground biomass, below ground biomass, dead wood, litter, soil organiccarbon, CO2135

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-48
Monitoring of Microplastics in Different Soil Ecosystems
Laddawan Upakhota and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,b*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding e-mail: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
Microplastics are particles of plastic at size <5 mm and ubiquitous in soil and water ecosystems
all over the word. However, recently drawn considerable attention because the pose a great threat
to entire ecosystem. The research has focused on microplastic in mostly marine and freshwater
ecosystems. Resulting in studies of microplastics in soil ecosystem is still limited compared withthat in water ecosystems. This study aims to monitor the residue of microplastics in soil from thedifferent types of land. The soil samples from different types of land (Landfill 10 years, Landfill
57 years and agricultural area with the plastic mulch has been used) were analyzed for
microplastic. Results showed that the shape of microplastics found in the study area were mainly
fragments, followed by fiber and string shapes. Examination of the amount of microplastics foundthat soil from the Landfill 57 years had the highest amount of microplastics residues, followed by
Agricultural area and Landfill 10 years respectively.
Keywords: microplastic, soil, environment, residue

136

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-49
Using Vermifiltration Combined with Biochar for Domestic Wastewater
Treatment
Saranya Seetasanga and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,b*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding e-mail: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of vermifiltration combined with biochar to treat
domestic wastewater using earthworm, Eisenia foetida. The study experiments were conducted at
the Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University,
Thailand with a model experiment completely randomized design: CRD 4 treatments 4
replications (geofilter, vermifilter, geofilter with biochar and vermifilter with biochar) and using
samples of domestic wastewater from wastewater treatment plant at Khon Kaen University. The
result showed that using vermifiltration combined with biochar could reduce the biological oxygen
demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) in domestic
wastewater highest followed by vermifilter with biochar, vermifiltrater, geofilter with biochar andgeofilter, respectively. The results demonstrated the percentage removal of BOD was
93.95±8.08%, COD (87.50±11.18%), TDS (84.47±14.40%). Using vermifiltration for wastewater
treatment in domestic wastewater could be the eco-solution for nutrient recovery, water resource
recycles and minimize pollution and efficient wastewater treatment in developing countries.
Keywords: vermifiltration, wastewater, biochar

137

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-50
Vermicomposting Under Different Organic Materials With
the Chromium Contaminated Soil
Seksan Kamlamoona and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,b*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding e-mail: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
The increase in the textile industry has increased the release of chromium wastes. Vermiremediation is a technology that is gaining attention for its ability to reduce soil toxins solve soil
contamination problems and also to create fertilizers. This study aimed to determine the ability to
reduce chromium VI toxicity in soil and the ability to make fertilizer in chromium-contaminatedconditions 15 ppm under a different type of bedding during 30 days. The experiment was set up
in completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications consisted of Treatment 1: 85% soil +15% azolla, no earthworms, Treatment 2: 85% soil + 15% azolla + 30 earthworms, Treatment 3:
60% soil + 20% azolla + 20% cow dung, no earthworms, Treatment 4: 60% soil + 20% azolla +20. % Cow dung + 30 earthworms, Treatment 5: 60% soil + 15% azolla + 20% cow dung + 5%
biochar, no earthworm, Treatment 6: 60% soil + 15% azolla + 20% cow dung + 5% biochar + 30
earthworms, Treatment 7: 80% soil + 15 % azolla + 5% biochar, no earthworms, Treatment 8:
80% soil + 15% azolla + 5% biochar + 30 earthworms. The CRD was planned for 3 replicationsof 8 samples. The results showed that after 30 days, the treatment of using 60% soil + 15% azolla+ 20% cow dung + 5% biochar + 30 earthworms Chromium VI decreased 71.65%. The treatment
of using 60% soil + 20% azolla + 20% cow dung + 30 earthworms, earthworm has increased
weight up 0.45 – 0.49 g and has the greatest number of cocoons 298.6 – 386.8 cocoons. forvermicompost quality, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 60% soil + 15% azolla + 20%
cow dung. + 5% biochar + 30 earthworms have the largest percentage increased to 5.85 – 7.15,
0.90 – 0.98, 0.08 – 0.24, respectively.
Keywords: vermicomposting, organic materials, chromium contaminated soil

138

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-51
Cassava Waste Recycling to Produce Quality Vermicompost
Supawadee Ruangjandaa and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,b*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
Cassava is a carbohydrate-rich crop that has a wide range of uses for food, feed, fuel and factories.
for many years, global demand for cassava has been high for many industrial uses. Therefore, it isneed to properly manage cassava wastes for a sustainable environment. The aim of this study was
to investigate the recycle of cassava waste on vermicompost quality. The study was conducted byusing Eudrilus eugeniae cultured under bedding (mixed soil: cow dung: rice husk ash at the ratio
4:3:2) with cassava pulp and without cassava pulp. The results showed the treatments
supplemented with cassava pulp waste improved the growth of earthworm, while the carbon-tonitrogen ratio of these vermicomposts decreased significantly (p < 0.05) due to the improved total
nitrogen contents (5.70 g kg-1). and increased the total phosphorus, potassium, magnesium andcalcium were 224.14, 175.00, 34.73 and 347.41% respectively. Therefore, recycling of cassava
waste to produce vermicompost resulted in organic fertilizers with improved chemical properties.
Keywords: cassava waste, vermicompost, vermicompost quality

139

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-52
Impact of Chlorpyrifos on Pycnoporus Sanguineus (NUOL-PKK02) and on
Its Possible Antagonistic Activity Against Fusarium Wilt of Banana Under in
Vitro Conditions
Nuttaya Xasydavonga,b, Phoutthasone Sibounnavongb and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,c*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, Thailandb
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos,
Vientiane 7322, Lao PDR
cIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Researchand Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
Chlopyrifos is the main pesticide that has been used in a banana plantation in Laos for controlling
pests. The assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of Chlorpyrifos on P. sanguineus mycelia
growth and on the potential biological agents in controlling Fusarium wilt of bananas. in thecompatibility test were four different concentrations varying from 0, 500, 750, and 1,000 µg/mL.
While for the antagonistic activity study, treated P. sanguineus was tested against F. oxysporum
f.sp. cubense causal agent of Fusarium wilt of banana disease by using the Bi-culture techniqueand in vitro bioassay of three crude extracts of P. sanguineus. Significant differences wereobserved between control, 500, 750, and 1000 µg/mL concentrations of Chlopyrifos used in theinhibition of mycelial growth of P. sanguineus at 72, 75, and 75 % respectively. It shows that P.
sanguineus has the ability to tolerate or compatibility with Chlopyrifos as well. Observation fromthe Bi-culture test found that P. sanguenues inhibited the mycelia growth of F. oxysporum at 53.40% and 82.38% of conidia production. in bioassay on crude Hexane, Ethyl acetate and Methanol
extraction of P. sanguineus inhibited the pathogen as F. oxysporum at 80% of crude Hexane
followed by Ethyl acetate and Methanol at 64 and 50%. Regarding from the results of the study
indicated the potential for the development of this Lao strain P. sanguineus (NUOL-PKK02) as
biological control agent to control Fusarium wilt of bananas and will be the alternative way forfarmers to use biopesticide instead of the application of chemical pesticides. It will enable thechoice of combining P. sanguenues (NUOL-PPK02) with chemical pesticides for further
bioremediation investigation.
Keywords: antagonistic fungi, bioremediation, P. sanguenues (NUOL-PPK02), compatibility
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense, Chlopyrifos

140

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-53
Impact Evaluation of Climate Change on Disaster Risk of Forested
Watershed River in Snowy Regions using SWAT+
Shotaro Kikuchia, Sarvesh Maskeyb, Hiromu Okazawab*,
Sergio AZAEL MAY Cuevasb, Makoto Obac, Shogo Nakamurad
and Seiji HayashidaGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanｃ
Department of Design for Social System and Living Environment,
Tohoku Institute of Technology, Japand
Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental
Studies, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jp
Abstractin this study, runoff and inundation analyses were conducted in Mishima town, Fukushima , whereis a snowy and cold region in Japan, under climate change scenarios to analyze the disaster risk
and watershed management assessment of development, e.g., agricultural land development
through deforestation, and to clarify the causal relationship between deforestation for agriculturalland and disaster risk under climate change.
Firstly, to ensure the reproducibility of the model, we attempted to improve its accuracy using
automatic calibration functions, including SWAT+. SWAT+ can adjust specified parameters from
actual measured values, such as flow rates, to improve the model's accuracy. The model
reproducibility was verified from NSE and RMSE by correcting lateral flow travel time (lat_time)in this study. The calibration improved RMSE and NSE values, and the annual mean value of NSE
was more than 0.5.
The effects of rising temperature and agricultural land expansion were simulated. We focused on
snowfall and snowmelt for the temperature rise and conducted simulations by increasing thetemperature (maximum and minimum) from 0.5°C to 2.0°C based on actual measurements.
Snowmelt in March decreased by 74%, and average flow decreased by 8% by 2.0°C rise. for the
agricultural land expansion, we assumed deforestation and simulated a decrease in forest area andan increase in agricultural land area from 0.4 to 30%. The average annual runoff and daily peakflow after the land use change were increased, and daily peak flows were increased up to 1.7 times.
on the other hand, the Surface runoff increased (1.21 times), and volume of groundwater decreased
significantly after the land use change.
Keywords: SWAT, climate change, snowmelt, runoff, prediction

141

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

EM-14-58
Greenhouse Gas Emission During Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes
under the Effect of Biochar
Kamolpat Nutpirena and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwaia,b*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding e-mail: chuleemas1@gmail.com
Abstract
Vermicomposting is biological technology commonly used to manage organic or biodegradable
Waste. However, the climate change problem and greenhouse gas emission are increasing
concerned. The tools and techniques to drive climate-smart agriculture, reduce carbon emissions,and lower the carbon footprint are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the
carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from vermicomposting organic waste under
the influence of different species of earthworm and different bedding with and without biochar
compared with composting without earthworm. The experiment was conducted for 30 days,and Eisenia eugeniae and E. foetida were used for vermicomposting. The results found thatvermicomposting with biochar bedding reduced CO2 emissions and CH4 emissions with comparedwith control. This study concluded that vermicomposting with biochar bedding could be an option
for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Keywords: vermicomposting, greenhouse gas, biochar, climate change, earthworm

142

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

ESD-14-03
Educational Material Research on The Color of Crayfish for Conversion To
Edible Resources
Higuchi Sakia, Ono Honamia, Honada Hiroakib, Maskey Sarvesha, Kurosawa Akiraa,
Suzuki Toshihiroa, Takahashi Nobuyukia, Okazawa Hiromua and Takeda Koujia*aTokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japanb
Uniflows Co.,Ltd., 405-3 Yamada, Tokyo, 190-0144, Japan*Corresponding email: k2takeda@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
The crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), an invasive alien species, is consumed as a food source
worldwide. However, the demand for it as a food resource in Japan is extremely low and isconsidered as a target species for extermination. One of the reasons for lack of progress inconsidering crayfish as a food resource is due to limited education on crayfish as a sustainable
food resource during secondary education. It is well known that astaxanthin is the pigment
responsible for the body color of common red crayfish and crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs.
There are ample study materials on plant pigments in science education in junior high and highschools in Japan. However, there are no such materials focusing on animal pigments as a study
materials in our knowledge. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop teachingmaterial to deepen understanding of color for food component of crayfish by experiment throughextracting and separation of their pigments.
Using pigments extracted from red crayfish shell, we developed experimental teaching material toobserve astaxanthin, a pigment of body color, by thin layer chromatography and HPLC. inaddition, an experiment was conducted to see the effect of different feeds on crayfish body color.
for this, feed was developed to make crayfish body color to white (decolorization) and orange. The
results of feeding the decolorized crayfish with norbixin or bixin, which are components of theorange annatto pigment, showed that norbixin tended to accumulate in the shell by the apparent
body color change and thin-layer chromatography. These findings are expected to be useful forscience education and nutrition education for increased understanding of crayfish as a foodresources.
Keywords: education, teaching material, Procambarus clarkii, pigment, food resource, SDGs

143

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

ESD-14-04
Identifying the Japanese Foreign Technical Intern and Training Program(TITP) in the Agriculture Sector and Its Outstanding Training Models,Case Study of Indonesia
Fadhilla Izzaty Syaukat*, Katsumori Hatanaka, Nina N. Shimoguchi
and Ramadhona SavilleTokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: 13821002@nodai.ac.jp
Abstract
The Japanese government established the Foreign Technical Intern and Training Program (TITP)
for developing countries to improve technology, skills, and knowledge pragmatically andpractically in an actual work environment so that trainees from developing countries can apply
their skills when they return home. However, due to several issues it has caused, such as improperwage payments and overwork, this approach has received harsh criticism from human rights
organizations inside and outside Japan (Godo, 2019). Previous research has primarily focused on
the negative aspects of this program, with little emphasis placed on its positive impacts. TITP isconsidered critical for Indonesia because it provides high-paying jobs for "unskilled" youth, who
account for more than half of the unemployed population. This research aims to identify the current
general condition of the TITP, classify the different programs under TITP, and compare thealumni's condition after finishing TITP and returning to Indonesia. Based on the initial finding, we
can assert that TITP in the agriculture sector has successfully attracted TITP alumni to pursue a
career in agriculture, thereby contributing to more young farmers, which is desperately needed forIndonesia's agriculture future. The majority of alumni became farmer entrepreneurs. The average
income of the alumni working in the agriculture sector is more than three times the amount of
average Indonesian farmers' monthly income. The typical scheme under TITP is the Industrial
Training Program (ITP) and the Technical Intern Program (TIP). However, it is known that the Nouen Taya
Farm (NTF) is an exceptional case with ideal training, including entrepreneurship development for the
trainees. All NTF alumni now own their own land, and their average income is slightly higher compared to
the ITP and TIP alumni.

Keywords: Japanese Foreign Technical Intern and Training Program (TITP), agriculture
entrepreneurship, human resource development, young farmers, education forsustainable agriculture

144

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

ESD-14-07
Agriculture 4.0: An overview of concept, tendencies
and policy implications in Cambodia
Mardy Serey*
Svay Rieng University, Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia*Corresponding email: sereymardy@mail.sru.edu.kh
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution in agriculture has been widely adopting in many countries and has
just started in Cambodia. This paper aims to discuss the overview of concept and interrelated
components of the Agriculture 4.0, tendencies in technology innovation and development inagricultural economics, natural resources, environmental management, crop production, animal
production, aquaculture, food storage and processing, marketing and agricultural extension. The
paper also points out some benefits and challenges of the Agriculture 4.0 and provides policy
recommendation for sustainable development of Cambodia's Agriculture 4.0.
Keywords: industry 4.0, agriculture 4.0, agricultural policy, agricultural development

145

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

ESD-14-13
What do Iranian Agricultural Experts Think about the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)?
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyaria, Moheb Ghasemia, Siniša Berjanb* and Hamid El Bilalica

Department of Agricultural Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iranb
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska,
Bosnia and HerzegovinacInternational Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari),
Valenzano (Bari), Italy*Corresponding email: sinisa.berjan@ues.rs.ba and sinisaberjan@yahoo.com

Abstract
One of the most important indicators of achieving sustainable development in all dimensions is
special attention to the agricultural sector. Today, changing human attitudes in all sectors,
including agriculture, is on the agenda of development organizations because guiding a group ofpeople towards a specific goal requires creating a favourable motivation for it. The purpose of thisstudy was to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of the employees of the Jihad Agricultural
Organization of Guilan province (northern Iran) about the Sustainable development goals (SDGs).
in terms of methodology, quantitative research method was used. The statistical population of thisstudy included all the experts of the Agricultural Jihad Organization in Guilan province (N=500).
The sample size was determined using the minimum sample size table of Bartlett et al. (n=152)
and this number was selected by random sampling method. in order to measure the educational
needs of respondents, Borich's needs assessment model was used. Data analysis was done using
SPSS21 software. The calculated priority scores showed that out of the seventeen investigated
SDGs, fourteen SDGs rank high in the educational needs assessment regarding knowledge andskills in the field of sustainable development, and among these 14 SDGs, the goals of "peace,justice and strong institutions", "good health and well-being" and "life below water" wereconsidered as the most important priority goals for education, respectively. Also, "affordable andclean energy" was placed in the last educational priority; but in relation to the three SDGs of "nopoverty", "zero hunger" and "quality education", they need to strengthen their knowledge. The
results of t and F tests showed that the variables of gender, age and work experience had asignificant effect on the attitude of the respondents at the error level of 0.01.
Keywords: perception, attitude, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Sustainable
development goals, SDGs

146

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

IS-14-04
Verification of Optimum Flying Conditions for UAV Photogrammetry in
Structural Assessment of Hydro-Structural Infrastructures
Sarvesh Maskeya, Hiyori Isekib, Kiseki Kurashinac, Ke Zhangc
and Hiromu OkazawaaabFaculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
Department of Bioproduction and Environment Engineering, Tokyo university of AgriculturecGraduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture

Abstract
Monitoring hydro structural infrastructures is becoming an important and challenging issue. inJapan, there are increasing number of ageing hydro structural infrastructures, which needs to beinspected and detected to guarantee their strength and durability function. Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric images has been used in detection of structural deterioration ofvarious infrastructures. However, there is a challenge in determining the optimum flying
conditions (height, angle of camera and flying patterns) of UAV for obtaining images. The designs,
shape and size of hydro structural infrastructures also possess a challenge for obtaining ideal
images. in this study, verification of various flying conditions for producing images were proposed
for gates and open surface water channels. UAV was used for visual inspection and obtaining theimage of a gate and water channel in Tone diversion gate, Saitama, Japan. Various geometricpatterns were pasted in the surface and walls of the structures to evaluate the detection of thepatterns with the images taken from UAV at different flying conditions. The obtained orthomosaic
images were processed by PIX4D mapper to obtain a point cloud-based 3D model and werecompared with the actual measurements of the patterns. The results of the study suggested that
altitude and camera angles effected the quality of images significantly. Camera at lower angles
provided better images, however, cameras at high altitude with wider angles were efficient too. on
the other hand, double grid flying pattern performed well compared to circular flying pattern. forcircular flying pattern to generate satisfactory results, flying had to be conducted multiple times
with changing heights and angles of the camera. The outcomes of this study can be used as anindex for optimum flying conditions of UAV for structural assessment.
Keywords: UAV photogrammetry, hydro structural assessment, point cloud 3D model

147

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-11
The Current Situation of Farmers’ Custom on Rice Seed Use in Cambodia:
An Exploratory Study using The Micro Data of Farmers in Takeo Province
Yuki Toyamaa*, Asres Eliasb and Kumi YasunobubaUnited Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori City, Japanb
Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori City, Japan*Corresponding email: yukiuki1019@gmail.com

Abstract
Rice productivity have enhanced dramatically in the last decades in Cambodia: from 1.9 t/ha in1999 to 3.6 t/ha in 2018. The major factor of this breakthrough was a diffusion of irrigation
facilities and modern varieties. However, the system of rice seed production and supply is still notestablished well, and most farmers are using self-collected seed. Under the situation, the newly
developed varieties are difficult to keep their utility because of losing their genetic purity. This
study investigated the actual situation of farmers’ custom of rice seed treatment and a concern
which the custom interferes an enhancement of rice productivity in Cambodia. The data for thisstudy was collected from 80 conveniently selected farmers in irrigated and rainfed areas in Takeo
province. Regarding rice production, the farmers in irrigated area cultivated modern varieties, andsold the most of their production. on the other hand, the farmers in rainfed area cultivatedtraditional varieties and mainly used for self-consumption. in both areas, farmers procured riceseed by self-collection and in the case of purchasing seed when they change variety to cultivate,
they mostly get it through farmer to farmer transactions. This fact suggested that most seeds usedby the farmers were collected by farmers themselves, and possible to lose their utility because of
the contamination. The amount of seed use per hectare in irrigated area was two times larger than
the rainfed area. in addition, the rice yield per a unit usage of seed in the irrigated area was lower
than the rainfed area, even the farmers in irrigated area were cultivated modern varieties. This
result implied the possibility that the farmers in irrigated areas overused rice seed with low quality
to pursue land productivity.
Keywords: seed renewal, variety adoption, irrigation access, farmer to farmer transaction

148

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-14
Brand Community, Brand Love and, Word of Mouth: A Case of Traditional
Thai Textile
Wijittra Aunkaeoa, Anon Khamwona* and Mallika SrisuthambaFaculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Khon Kaen University, Thailandb
Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: anon@kku.ac.th

Abstract
Thai textile products are popular such as silk and woven cotton. Farmers and local people can gain
more income by producing and creating such products. in this regard, marketing is very importantand plays a significant role in expanding the opportunity of Thai textiles and providing moreincome to the farmers. in contemporary marketing literature, brand community, brand love, andword of mouth are the keys to success in connecting with customers. Therefore, the purpose ofthis research is to examine the relationship between brand community, brand love, and word of
mouth in the traditional Thai textiles industry. The surveys were used as tools to collect data from220 customers in October 2022 in Thailand. Path analysis was used to evaluate the collected data.
The result of the study revealed that brand community has direct and indirect influence on wordof mouth through brand love.
These findings are particularly useful for government agencies and businesses responsible forsupporting farmers and local groups of traditional Thai textiles.The findings can serve as
guidelines for developing sustainable marketing in order to build brand community and brand love
for these textiles. There are benefits to the conservation and sustainability of traditional textiles,
which is culturally important for Thailand.
Keywords: brand community, brand love, word of mouth, traditional Thai textile

149

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-15
Consumer Behavior towards Ethical Bananas in Japan
Mei Matsumoto* and Nina N. Shimoguchi
Department of International Agribusiness Management Tokyo University of Agriculture,
Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: 13722006@nodai.ac.jp
Abstract
Bananas are the most consumed fruit in Japan, which imported over 1 million tons of bananas in
2021. Meanwhile, problems such as unfair contracts and unpleasant working conditions exist inbanana production fields. Although consumers’ interest in ethical consumption is growing inJapan, the market of ethical bananas, referring to fair trade (FT), rainforest alliance (RA), andorganic in this study, is still a niche. Promoting ethical bananas and expanding its market can beconsidered one of the ways to improve the situation in the production areas. However, past studies
on ethical bananas and consumer behavior seemed limited in Japan. Therefore, this study aims toidentify consumer behavior toward ethical bananas and the possibility of expanding the ethicalbanana market in Japan. Therefore, this study aims to identify consumer behavior toward ethicalbananas and possibilities for its market expansion in Japan. This study conducted an online
questionnaire using Google Forms throughout August 2021 and collected 279 valid respondents.
Factor analysis and cluster analysis revealed three clusters: quality-conscious, ethical-possible,
and unconcerned. in addition, conjoint analysis clarified that price was the most important whenpurchasing bananas, followed by appearance, ethics, and cultivation method. Furthermore, RA andorganic bananas had a utility as high as non-ethical bananas, conveying a potential demand
increase for organic and RA bananas. However, since FT bananas had low utility, there seemedno possibility of any growth for FT bananas in the future. Meanwhile, the ethical-possible cluster,which accounts for over 50% of the respondents, had the highest utility towards FT bananas among
the three clusters. Hence, to expand the market for ethical bananas in Japan, there is a need toincrease the recognition of the social issues in the production areas and lower the FT bananas priceto the prices of RA and organic bananas.
Keywords: consumer segmentation, ethical consumption, fair trade, rainforest alliance, organic

150

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-29
Needs for Agricultural Extension on Buffalo Raising of Farmers Around
Kaeng Lawa Reservoir Wetland, Ban Phai District,Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
Patcharaporn Phumchantuka* Machito Miharac and Chuleemas Boonthai IwaibaDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Development, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002. Thailandb
Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002. ThailandcCenter for Global Initiatives/Faculty of Regional Environment Science, (Graduate School ofAgro-Environmental Science), Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan* Corresponding e-mail: patphum@kku.ac.th
Abstract
The objective of this study was to study 1) some selected social and socio-economic backgroundsof Thai buffalo raising farmers, 2) practices on buffalo raising and 3) needs for extension on
buffalo raising of farmers. Data collection used questionnaires to 45 farmers in May – October
2020 by convenience sampling. SPSS for Windows was used for analysis to determine percentage,mean, minimum and maximum. and in-depth interview was done with village headman and thestaff.
The results experiencendicated that members had 23.90 years’ experiencee on buffalo raising andthe had buffaloes for the average of 8-9 heads per household. The majority of them, 92.1 %, soldtheir buffaloes per head to local merchants and earned the annual income of 63,233.71 baht perhousehold. and farmers sold the buffaloes dunk by 20 kilograms bag for 20-25 baht, earned of
2,000 – 3,000 baht a year. Regarding the extension on buffalo raising, it was found the farmers
had needs in the following: 1) Knowledge aspect; having the high level of needs in the topics:
selecting and buying female breeder, breeding improvement, keeping buffalo manure and added
values of buffalo dunk, 2) Training course aspect; 81.16% of farmers wanted training provide atthe village, 76.15 % would like have livestock officers to be resource person of training, 3) Support
aspect; the farmers had high level of needs in the items; buying good breeder from governmentorganization, service on injection for animal health, providing vaccination and prevention of
disease.
Keywords: buffalo rising, needs of extension, wetland

151

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-32
Assessing Consumer Behavior Towards Vegetable Consumption Among
Households in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Socheat Sranna*, Lyda Hoka,b and Leangsrun Cheaaa

Center of Excellence on Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Nutrition,
Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiabDivision of Research and Extension, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: ssocheat@rua.edu.kh
Abstract
Cambodians consume vegetables to meet their daily nutritional needs and the purchase decisionmaking process of each consumer is unique. Understanding consumer behavior is important for
better decision-making along the supply chain and market strategy. The objectives of this study
were to assess the status of vegetable consumption and to identify critical influencing factors
behind vegetable consumption among urban vegetable consumers. 120 individuals were randomlyinterviewed around Dangkor commune, Dangkor district, Phnom Penh. The results indicated thatan average household size was four members and an average age of respondents was 27 years old
with an average total monthly household income of 387 USD. 65% of respondents finisheduniversity degrees, indicating a high level of education. 52% of women played a role in making
decisions on vegetable purchases and 63% of households purchased vegetables at the wet market.
40% of the households preferred going to the market daily and 31% went in the morning and 28%
in the afternoon at 7-9 am and 5-7 pm, respectively. The respondents showed a significant
tendency to the quality and the freshness of vegetables accounting for 80% and 82% of households
used plastic bags for warping vegetables after the purchase. Most people received information
about safe vegetable promotion through a social media, Facebook, accounting for 87%. The
households regularly consumed five species of vegetables including morning-glory (70%), lettuce(63%), cucumber (61%), bok choy (60%), and curly cabbage (59%). in conclusion, women havea tendency to go to the wet market daily, in the morning and afternoon, by regularly consuming
the morning-glory most and plastic bags is become a popular way for wrapping vegetables fromthe market. Additionally, income, education level, household size and social media promotion
have an effect on consumer behavior regarding the quality and quantity of vegetable consumption
Keywords: consumer behavior, safe vegetable, vegetable consumption, vegetable production,
vegetable quality

152

Poster Presentations – 14th ICERD

RD-14-35
Food Security in The Context of The War in Ukraine: Case of North Africa
Tarek Ben Hassena, Sinisa Berjanb* Hamid El Bilalica

Department of International Affairs, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University,
Doha Qatarb
Department of Agroeconomy and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of East Sarajevo, Lukavica (East Sarajevo), Bosnia and Herzegovina;*Corresponding email: sinisa.berjan@ues.rs.bacInternational Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari),
Valenzano (Bari), Italy
Abstract
The war in Ukraine has profoundly impacted food systems in North Africa. This paper analyzes
the consequences of the conflict in Ukraine on food security and food systems in North Africa,
with a particular focus on Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. It also explores the potential long-termsocio-economic effects on the region. The paper draws upon an extended analysis of both scholarly
and grey literature sources, including academic articles, government reports, and news articles. It
suggests that the conflict in Ukraine has significantly impacted North African food systems
through its impact on the global economy, trade patterns, and food prices. The consequent highfertilizer prices have also affected local food production, leading to food shortages and an increasein food prices, which has contributed to widespread poverty and malnutrition in the region.
Furthermore, the rise in food prices will have a widespread impact on the region. However, thosecountries with substantial financial resources will likely be able to mitigate the adverse effects on
their citizens. in contrast, countries with limited resources - such as Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia-or failed states may struggle to ensure the food security of their populations. The paper contributes
to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted interconnections between conflicts, food security,and the global food system. It stresses the importance of considering the impacts of conflicts onfood systems when addressing global food security challenges in North Africa and beyond. The
food security situation in North Africa serves as a reminder of the interconnectivity of global foodsystems and the need for continued efforts to ensure food security for all, thus achieving the
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 “Zero hunger” by 2030.
Keywords: food insecurity, malnutrition, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, conflict

153

RCE Special Session

RCE Special Session

AG-14-61
Building Capacity of Farm Owners for Promotion of Organic Farming inSouthern Vietnam
Thi Hoa Pham, Nhat Truong Hoang* and Thi Ngoc Diep Tran
International University, Vietnam*Corresponding email: hntruong@hcmiu.edu.vn.
Abstract
The Southwest region of Vietnam, which includes the Mekong Delta, is the biggest agricultural
production area in the whole country. This region supplies agricultural products for the wholecountry, as well as for export internationally. The region’s flat floodplains support the high yieldof agricultural activity, with key products from this region being rice, vegetables, fruit, andaquaculture products. However, intensive cultivation within the region has led to environmental
degradation, which in turn has affected agricultural productivity. Agriculture in the region isheavily dependent on synthetic fertilizer as well as herbicides and pesticides. This leads to the riskof reducing the value of agricultural products, creating obstacles for export, and affecting thehealth of surrounding ecosystems. The issues at hand are the need to maintain high productivityof agricultural crops, while ensuring food safety, as well as increasing the value of products whileat the same time maintaining the well-being of these farming communities. This needs to be done
within the context of protecting the surrounding environment to ensure the long-term survival andbenefit of both people and nature. One of the obstacles farmers within southwestern Vietnam
encounter in trying to gain knowledge on organic farming practices is the piecemeal nature of
educational content on organic farming practices in tropical flood plains. With its role in promoting
sustainable development in Vietnam, this presentation will demonstrate step-by-step how RCESouthern VN built the capacity of ranchers for sustainable organic farming in the Mekong Delta,
Vietnam.
Keywords: agriculture, organic farming practices, sustainable development

155

RCE Special Session

ESD-14-09
Aligning Circular Economy With Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in
The Built Environment
Usha Iyer-Raniga* and Olivia Ho
RMIT University, Australia*Corresponding email: Usha.Iyer-Raniga@rmit.edu.au
Abstract
The building and construction industry consumes a high proportion of raw materials, as the very
process of building and construction has an impact on material use and biodiversity loss. The
material consumption in this industry is only increasing, considering the volume of materials to be
used in the rapid city growth regions of the world. Rather than relying on the traditional approaches
to buildings and construction where virgin materials have been consumed, the emerging shift to acircular economy in the built environment heralds an opportunity to conserve natural resources,
reduce waste, utilize digitalization where possible, and minimize overall impacts.
The research, undertaken as part of the ProSPER.Net project focuses on understanding circular
economy concepts and principles, and the alignment between circular economy and SDGs in thebuilt environment. The qualitative research method employed consisted of a literature review andcase studies. Case studies are used to analyze the circular economy underpinning construction
projects in the five selected countries (Australia, India, Kyrgyzstan, Thailand and Sri Lanka).
Using the literature and case study analysis, a new understanding of circular economy principles
in the life cycle of construction projects has been developed to demonstrate how various Rprinciples can be applied in different stages of such projects, which in turn, respond to theunderpinnings of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs do not focus on thecircular economy, but the principles that the SDGs and circular economy engage with are aligned.
The study recommends the necessity of implementing multiple R-principles in the built
environment to create more incentives/benefits for this industry. The study benefits educators,
policymakers, and external and internal project stakeholders such as developers, designers, andbuilders to fully understand the diversity of circular economy implementation; to create andpromote greater circular economy practices throughout the supply chain in the built environment
sector and assist in achieving circular economy outcomes for projects whilst also meeting specific
SDG indicators.
Keywords: circular economy, built environment, building and construction, sustainable
development goals (SDGs), R-principles, case study

156

RCE Special Session

ESD-14-10
5Rs (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Re-purpose) Campaign: Mechanism for
Sustainable Waste Management
Sherrymina Kichina,b*, Francesca Enchanga,c, Ida Ingkoa,b, Joseph Puduna,b,Agnes Tonera,c, Pei Sia Sunga,b, Mukvinder Sandhua, Azizan Yatima,dand Dorothy Dzrandimayaab

Regional Centre Expertise (RCE) Kuching, Malaysia
Faculty of Hospitality & Tourism Management, UCSI University, MalaysiacFaculty of Business Management, UCSI University, MalaysiadCentre for Pre-U Studies, UCSI University, Malaysia*Corresponding email: sherrymina@ucsiuniversity.edu.my

Abstract
Regional Centre of Expertise (RCE) Kuching strongly believes that proper implementation of 5Rs(Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repurpose) concept starts with education. in line with
UNESCO’s ESD for 2030 roadmap, the centre intends to address Education for Sustainable
Development (ESD) through empowering learners with the knowledge on proper habits of waste
management. Through this, the centre urged students who live along the Sarawak Kiri River region
to be proactively involved in river conservation efforts. It has been noted that in the region, there
has been a habit among the people of dumping their rubbish into the river. Often times their rubbish
consists of plastic bottles and bags, as well as other items that could be reused, recycled, or
repurposed. Since the 5Rs’ inception, the campaign has been used as a mechanism to teach theyoung people in the targeted region on how they can reduce these problems through implementing
the 5Rs in their schools and villages. A total of 172 students have participated in the project and it
has been conducted on a monthly basis with three schools within the vicinity – SK St Bernard, SK
St Paul, and SMK Siburan. The 5Rs campaign comprises of three phases which include (1)Knowing phase, (2) Doing phase, and (3) Being phase. The “Knowing” phase aims to enable thelearners to understand the concept and benefits of the 5Rs (cognitive learning). The “Doing” phaseaims to enable the learners to participate in 5R hands-on activities for waste management in theirschools and local communities (socio-emotional learning). The “Being” phase aims to enable thelearners to plan, implement, evaluate, and replicate 5R activities that contribute to efficient waste
management at their homes, in their schools and local communities (behavioural learning). Hence,
it is hoped that by 2030, the model of 5Rs could be replicated in other settings in order to improvewater quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping of waste, and minimizing the release ofhazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater, andsubstantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally in line with SDG 6.3.
Keywords: refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, repurpose, sustainable waste management

157

RCE Special Session

ESD-14-11
Regional Centres of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development(RCE)
Miki Konishi*
UNU Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS)*Corresponding email: konishi@unu.edu
Abstract
Our world has been facing numerous social, environmental, and economic challenges. Education
has been playing a central role in empowering people to transform their mindsets and behaviours
towards achieving the global vision of sustainable development. The Regional Centre of Expertiseon Education for Sustainable Development (RCE) is a unique and powerful mechanism thattranslates the global sustainable agenda into local actions in more than 180 regions andcommunities globally. The United Nations University has acknowledged RCEs since 2005, whichfunction as a platform for multi-stakeholder partnership and collaboration to tackle complex
sustainability issues in the respective localities. As an introduction to the Special RCE Session,
this presentation will provide an overview of RCEs. It will introduce the concept and practices of
RCEs and the development of the global network. Additionally, the role of UNU-IAS as the Global
RCE Service Centre, the roadmap of the RCE community towards 2030 and the forthcoming
publication on sustainable consumption and production will be presented.
Keywords: SDGs, ESD, multi-stakeholder partnerships, community-based learning and actions

158

RCE Special Session

RD-14-34
Bamboo Production, Rehabilitation and Processing: Sources of Food,
Livelihood and Environmental Protection
Charlie Batin*, Stanley C. Malab and John Paul E. Felipe
Mariano Marcos State University, City of Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines*Corresponding email: cbbatin@mmsu.edu.phAbstract
Bamboo technologies have been developed by various institutions to address issues and concerns
in the bamboo industry. Through MMSU’s commitment to help the bamboo industry including
the people it serves, the university developed various technologies, from bamboo propagation until
processing which benefits bamboo farmers especially in the increase in income of family
household.
This project development initiative aims to enhance the production and commercialization ofquality bamboo poles through bamboo technologies for various clients which provides thecommunity people a source of income thereby alleviating poverty in far flung communities.
Through this project, bamboo farmers and enthusiasts are trained on bamboo technologies. incoordination with the Local Government Units (LGU’s), bamboo farmers are identified andclustered based on location and proximity. Eleven (11) municipalities of the province of Ilocos
Norte are considered as project partners for this project. Out of these municipalities, depressed
communities are chosen and made as project sites. Many of the natural bamboo clumps are
rehabilitated and quality planting materials are produced leading to the establishment of 13
hectares of bamboo plantation and bamboo nurseries in the province. The increase in bamboo
hectarage provides the community a ready source of quality bamboo poles that led to the increase
income and livelihood opportunities of community people.
As a result, the project paved way in the creation of employment among community people
especially for out-of-school youth. An increase in income is noted to family households as a resultof marketing bamboo planting materials and bamboo poles to the consumer from the public andprivate sector at reasonable prices. The increase in income of bamboo farmers in Ilocos Norte is
attributed to the active participation and involvement of the community people, Local Government
Units support, bamboo manufacturers, and the technical experts provided by higher learning
institutions.
Keywords: bamboo, bamboo technologies, bamboo farmers, livelihood opportunities, poverty
alleviation

159

k.LAB Special Session

k.LAB Special Session

EM-14-55
Utilization of k.LAB Data Base Functions for Hydrological andCrop Growth Model Development
Sarvesh Maskeya*, Ke Zhanga, Hiromu Okazawaa and Kiichiro HayashibaFaculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Japan*Corresponding email: sm207888@nodai.ac.jpbAbstract
k.LAB is a web-based GIS platform developed by the Artificial Intelligence for Environment &Sustainability (ARIES) project of Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3, Spain). It is a webbased GIS platform, which can be easily used for ecosystem service-based assessments by using
semantics and ontology. There are three main interfaces, such as, k Explorer, ARIES-for-SEEAExplorer, and k.Modeler. Various assessment models, carbon storage, flood control, forest
management, recreational functions, sediment transport etc., have already been incorporated intok.Explorer and ARIES-SEEA-for-Explorer that are user-friendly interfaces for k.LAB equippedmodels. k.LAB platform has already stored various type of data sets such as weather, soil,
topography, and land cover. Additionally, k.LAB automates various modeling calculation throughits Artificial intelligence system, making analysis easy and fast. in this report, development anduse of hydrological and crop growth models using k.LAB database functionality is introduced. forassessing water use, small hydropower generation or flood control hydro-meteorological data suchas precipitation and evapotranspiration are required in addition to geographical data. in Japan,
geographical data is available in the National Land Database, but obtaining data is time consuming
and labor intensive. With k.LAB, the distribution of hydro-meteorological data has already beenequipped into this system, which are essential for hydrological modelling. With increase in theworld population, there is a necessity to assess crop production and food security. Aqua Crop
Model (ACM) developed by FAO, addresses food security and the effect of environment andmanagement on crop production The aim here is to construct a simplified) ACM by combining
and utilizing various data sets already built into k.LAB, such as meteorology, NDVI, LAI etc., andbuild a system that allows users to operate simplified ACM in KLAB platform easily.
keywords: web-gis, semantic, hydrological model, crop growth model161

k.LAB Special Session

EM-14-56
Introduction of a Model for Evaluating the Potential of Small Hydropower
Generation in k.LAB
Yuri Yamazakia*, Kiichiro Hayashib, Sarvesh Maskeyc, Hiromu Okazawac
and Feldinando VilladaFaculty of Agriculture Tottori University, Japan
Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Japanc
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, JapandBasque Centre for Climate Change, Spain*Corresponding email: y.yamazaki@tottori-u.ac.jpbAbstract
Recently, we have used smartphone and computer applications daily to find out where we are andhow to get to our destination. The system that supports the digital maps on these applications iscalled geospatial information system (GIS). GIS can analyze spatial characteristics such as the
topography, land use, weather, and natural environment of the area where you live, which can beused to create hazard maps for disaster prevention and to evaluate ecosystem services, including,carbon sequestration, biomass supply, air regulation, water regulation, cultural services.
on the other hand, GIS requires expensive software and specialist knowledge and has been usedin minimal places, such as research institutions. for example, if GIS could be used with simple
operations, such as internet searches on a smartphone, it would be possible to understand betterthe regions in which you live and create a sustainable society at the level of local government andresidents.
in this side event, we will introduce a model for evaluating the potential of small hydropower on
k.LAB. Small hydropower is attracting attention as a renewable energy source. Moreover, in adisaster-prone country like Japan, it is expected to have disaster prevention and resilience functions
as a locally distributed energy source. This side event describes a system of small hydropower
potential estimation models that can be analyzed by local governments and community members,
taking advantage of the features of k.LAB.
Keywords: k.LAB, ARIES, Web-GIS, ecosystem services, small hydropower potential,
crop model

162

k.LAB Special Session

EM-14-57
ARIES Customized Model for Energy and Environmental Assessment
Kiichiro Hayashia*, Ferdinando VIllab, Hiromo Okazawac and Stefano BalbibaNagoya University, Japan
Basque Centre for Climate Change, Spainc
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: maruhaya98--@imass.nagoya-u.ac.jpbAbstract
ARIES (Artificial Intelligence for Environment & Sustainability) is a project of assessing
environment and sustainability by using autonomous web based mapping system. ARIES isconducted as an international cooperation project with Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3,
Spain), USGS (United States Geological Survey, USA) and others. k.LAB is a web based platform
including mainly, three interfaces, k.Explorer, ARIES-for-SEEA-Explorer and k.Modeler. All
these k.LAB systems have already been publicly available for every body for non-profit purposes.
Under this circumstances, in Japan, k.LAB Japan, as a study group, was developed by several
researches and is doing model development with Japanese specific data collection to store into
k.LAB system. in this presentation, model development by k.LAB Japan will be presented
including crop, carbon stock and renewable energy site collection models with basic ARIES-forSEEA- Explorer and k.Explorer demonstration. Regarding the crop model, simplified Aqua Crop
Model (ACM) developed by FAO was presented. The crop model was developed both for global
and Japan models separately. for Japan model 10m-grid high resolution land use and land covermap by JAXA was used for this assessment in 10m grid analysis. for the global crop model, thesets of data which have already equipped in k.LAB system with several outsource data sets were
utilized. Then several parameters were set to be interactive variables for user selection. Also,
several energy and environment models including carbon and renewable energy models will bepresented in this special session.
Keywords: energy, environment, semantic, ARIES

163