FNCA Study panel, March 7 2019

Environmental Impact Assessment of
Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant 3 and 4

Tomohiko HOSHINOThe Japan Atomic Power Company （JAPC）
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third partyContents

1. Overview of JAPC
2. Outline of EIA
3. Implementation of EIA for Tsuruga 3 and 4
3-1. Survey
3-2. Forecast
3-3. Evaluation and Environmental measures
4. Implementation and Follow-up

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

1. Overview of JAPC

1

Overview of JAPC
Tokai No.2

Tsuruga Unit 2

Tsuruga
Tsuruga Unit1(under decommissioning)
Tsuruga Unit2
Tsuruga Units 3 and 4(currently undertaking
construction preparation work)

Tsuruga-city,
Fukui Prefecture

BWR5(1,100MWe)

PWR(1,160MWe)

C/O 1978-C/O 1987-

Tokai-mura,
Ibaraki Prefecture

TokaiFirst PWR bydomestic technology

First BWR-5 in the world

Tokai (under decommissioning)
Tokai No.2

Generation Ⅰ

Generation Ⅱ

Generation Ⅲ/Ⅲ+

(Early prototypes)(Commercial Power)(Advanced LWRs)

First NPP in JapanFirst LWR in Japan

Tokai

Tsuruga Unit 1
GCR(166MWe)

BWR(357MWe)C/O 1966-1998

C/O 1970-2015

Dec

First APWR in theworld
Tsuruga 3 and 4

2001APWR(1,538MWeX2)First Decommissioning in Japan

Decommissioning started : May 15, 2017

Decommissioning started : December 4, 2001

CPW 2004(construction preparation work)

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

1. Overview of JAPC

2

Site Location of Tsuruga NPP
Tsuruga City
Sea of Japan
Tokai
NPP

Tsuruga Bay

Mihama NPP

TsurugaPeninsula(Kansai Electric Power)

Osaka
Tokyo

Tsuruga 1 and 2

Monju(Japan Atomic Energy
Agency)Tsuruga 3 and 4
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

Wakasa Bay

2. Outline of EIA

Tsuruga 3 and 4 Project schedule
97

98

99

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

★Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake★the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake▼Amendment to seismic design guide▼Amendments to the Nuclear Regulation Act▼Enactment of the EIA Act

EIA procedure
EIS
Draft EIS
Scoping document▼Application for Reactor Installation

Safty review
Preparation construction work

Suspended
Suspended(minimum necessary works)▼Public hearing▼Decision on basic program of
power development

Plan before Fukushima Dai-ichi accident
Construction plan review▽Unit3 C/O

Construction work

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party△Unit４ C/O

2. Outline of EIA

3Regulatory Framework of NPP Construction in Japan
Site selection & Basic Design

・ Environmental
Impact Assessment Act
・ Electricity Business Act

EIA Procedure

Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Review
Based on the EIA act established in1997

Safety Review
・ Act on the Regulation of Nuclear
Source Material, Nuclear Fuel
Material and Reactors
・ Electricity Business Act

Application for reactor construction
Approval of construction plan

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

2. Outline of EIA

4

EIA Procedure of NPP Construction in Japan
Based on the EIA act established in1997
Step

Government(METI)

Submission

Electric Utility

Local Community

Scoping Document

Open to Public & Submission

Review

Opinions

Scoping
Confirmation of Item and Methodof the EIA

Recommendation

Implementationof EIA

Local citizens
Prefectural Governor

Survey, forecast, evaluation,
environmental measures

MOE

Draft EIS
(Environmental Impact Statement)

Environmental Opinions Review
reviewand Decisionmaking

Open to Public & Submission

Explanatory Meeting

Submission

Opinions

Recommendation
Submission

EIS

Review
Notice of Confirmation/
Order of Change

Local citizens
Prefectural Governor

Local citizens
Prefectural Governor

Final EIS

Open to Public & Submission

Implementation
and Follow-up
6
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

2. Outline of EIA

5

Related organizations of EIA in Japan
Electric Utility
METI and
Ministry of Environment(Opinion & Review)

Various kind of Specialists,
Consultants, and Central
Research Institute of ElectricPower Industry(Survey, forecast, simulation,
etc)

Advisory Committee(Environmental
Review)

Municipal andPrefectural government(Opinions to EIA)

Third Party (NGO) Involvement(Information offeringand advice)
Citizens(Opinions to EIA)

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

2. Outline of EIA

6

Public involvement (1)Conformation of citizens involvement
Step

Process

Intention

Planning
stage・Public inspection
・Received opinions from citizens

Reflect the result in Scoping andsubsequent procedures

Scoping
stage

・Public notice and public inspection
・Explanatory meeting
・Received opinions from citizens

Consideration in determining
the assessment method・Public notice and public inspection
・Explanatory meeting
・Received opinions from citizens

Consideration in the study ofenvironmental measures ,construction method andreview of project plan.

・Public notice and public inspection

Make result of environmental
assessment known to citizens.

Draft EISEIS

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

2. Outline of EIA

7

Public Involvement (2)Explanatory meeting for citizenes

Tsuruga Citizen Culture Center

Draft EIS Explanatory meeting

About 800 citizens
gatheredMay contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

2. Outline of EIA

Selected Items of EIA for Tsuruga 3 and 4● : Items which were selected for environmental assessment of Tsuruga units 3 and 4: Standard items which were determined with guideline
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party8

2. Outline of EIA

9Consists of a Final Environmental Impact
1. The name and address of the applicant
2. Purpose and summary of the proposed project
3. General information of natural and social conditions of the proposed area and its
vicinity
4. Public comments on the Scoping document and opinions of the applicant,Recommendation of the Minister of METI
5. Public comments on the Draft EIS and opinions of the applicant,Recommendation of the Minister of METI
6. Items of the methods of survey, forecast and assessment
7. Advise from the Minister of METI
to the methods of survey, forecast
and assessment
8. Results of the EIA
9. Environmental measures
10. Environmental monitoring
11. Overall assessment of the Project
12. Names of the commissioned
researchers and consultants
About 1,000 pages
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

2. Outline of EIA

10Schedule of Tsuruga 3 and 4
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18▼Enforcement of EIA Act
SurveyForecast and Assessment , Preparation of the report
Submit the report

Official EIA procedures
Application of the preparation construction work
Preparation construction work
Application for reactor
installation▼

Safety review

Construction was decided to be put off by the Great East Earthquake Disaster and the Fukushima Daiichi accident.

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3. Implementation of EIA for Tsuruga 3 and 4

11

Implementation of EIA
SurveyCollect environment information required for forecast andevaluation[method of survey]• Collect information through the existing materials from the governments,
scientific knowledge from experts• Field survey in order to acquire the local environment information

Forecast
Forecast quantitatively the amount of impact on theenvironment or change in state of environment[method of forecast]•Numerical calculation by mathematical models, experimental model.
•Citation or analysis from the existing cases

Evaluation
Influence assessment to environment by implementation ofproject[Details of assessment]• Consider if possibility of the environmental impacts by the project are
avoided or reduced to the extent possible, and the standards or targets
concerning environmental protection are satisfied
Source: MOE “ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN JAPAN”
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-1.

Survey12

Survey of Current Condition

Air Quality

Land Animals

Noise and Vibration (Transportation)

Water Quality

Marine Animals

Marine Plants

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-1.

Survey13

Scope and place of the survey
Water temperature
Current direction & velocity
Tidal current
Salt concentration

Tsuruga 3 and 4

Water quality
Continuation Water temperature
Plankton

Survey area of Sea

Bottom soil
Sea life of intertidal zone
Seaweed, fish

Tsuruga City

Seaweed, fish

Mihama town

Air quality
Noise, vibration
Traffic volume
Traffic noise, vibration
Survey area of Land life

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-2.

Forecast

14

Methods of forecast
MethodSimulation technique

Model experiments

Computer graphics

Forecasting matter• Air pollutant dispersion (Material)• Thermal effluent diffusion area
• Noise & Vibration level (Material transportation)• Amount of change of flow direction and Current• Aerodynamic model tests (mainly in thermal power plant)• Thermal effluent diffusion• Hydrodynamic model tests for Thermal effluent diffusion (In caseof complicated submarine topography)• Landscape Change (Change of landscape after construction bycomputer graphics)• Landscape Planting

Professional judgment•Influence to the animals and plants and preservation
Reviewing case studies of •Influence to the animals and plants and preservation
projects in similar•Thermal effluent diffusion area
environments
Comparison ofmonitoring data

• Air pollutant dispersion(Material)• Noise & Vibration level (Material transportation)•Influence to the animals and plants and preservation
Source: UNEP “EIA Training Resource Manual, 2002”

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-2.

Forecast

15

Forecast of thermal effluent (1)Hydraulics model experiment of thermal effluent diffusion
Water depth :10m

Discharging colored water frommodel outlet

outletOutlet Caisson

outletFabrication of seabed model
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-2.

Forecast

16

Forecast of thermal effluent (2)Estimated diffusion area of thermal effluent in SW and NE current
direction

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-2.

Forecast

17

Forecast of thermal effluent (3)Diffusion area of the thermal effluent

1℃ up
２℃ up
３℃ up

Monju
Discharge

Unit3,4
Discharge

Unit2
Discharge

Legend１ﾟＣ Up２ﾟＣ Up３ﾟＣ UpMay contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

18

Environmental Measuresorder ofmeasures
Prevent(or avoid)

summary▪ Important spots are excluded
from project field▪ Modification of the gradingplace▪ Including a halt of a project

Examples Tsuruga 3 and 4▪ Conservation of natural habitat▪ Preserve particular spot (sea cave )When it’s not possible
Minimization
and Reduction▪ Reduction of the grading placeor felling field▪ Reduction of diffusion area ofthermal effluent▪ Minimize reclamation area
▪ Deep layer sea water intake▪ Temperature rise is limited up to 7℃ at
condenser outlet

When impact cannot be prevented by any of the measures

Mitigate orCompensate▪ Tree planting, Transplant of theanimals and plants▪ Make new habitation in the
different place▪ Tree planting by local breeds of the slope,
Seaweeds plantation, transplant of theanimals and plants▪ Installation of integrated discharged water
treatment facilities and silt protector,
Washing of construction vehicles▪ Color coordination to harmonize withenvironment

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

19

Site of Tsuruga 3 and 4

Tsuruga 3 and 4

Tsuruga 1 and 2

Excision area :about 10 hectares

Wakasa bay

Large-scale siterequires in NPP
construction

Negative impact on
the environment must
be considered

Reclamation area :about 20 hectares

Discharge of a large
quantity of thermal
effluent :About 200t/s

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

20

Environmental measures of Tsuruga 3 and 4
Color coordination

Planting of
native tree
First design
Sea Cave

Preserve particular spot

Conservationof natural
habitatForestation

Intake : deep layer

Discharge :deep layer

Planted Seaweeds on the breakwater

Minimizereclamation area

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

Environmental measures (1)▶Air pollution･Use of low-emission vehicle and construction
machinery▶ Thermal effluent･Take Cooling sea water from deep layer of the sea･Temperature rise is limited up to 7℃ at condenser
outlet･Discharge from deep layer and at high velocity

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

21

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

22

Environmental measures (2)▶ Conservation of plants, animals and ecosystem･ Minimized land transformation･ Avoid land alteration in the area vulnerable
animal or plant inhabiting･ Transplant of vulnerable plant to another habitat･ Planting of native tree at the area of land alteration･ Planting seaweed on the breakwater▶ Water contamination･Installation of integrated discharged water treatment
facility(under construction work)
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

23

Example of environmental measure (1)Mitigation measure of cooling water system
Intake :Deep layer & Low velocity

Condenser

Discharge :Deep layer & High velocity

Distance from outlet

Depth

7℃ up
Temperaturedrops by mixture
with sea water

Temperature rise limit
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

24

Example of environmental measure (2)Diffusion area of thermal effluent
Surface layer discharge

Deep layer
discharge
Monju
Discharge

Tsuruga
Unit3,4
Discharge

Tsuruga
Unit2
Discharge

Legend１ﾟＣ Up２ﾟＣ Up３ﾟＣ UpMay contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

3-3.

Evaluation and Environmental measures

25

Example of environmental measure (3)Water quality protection
Silt protection

Flushing of rubble

Silt protection frame

Environmental conservation of excavation slope

Wood chip

Composting

Discharged water treatment facility

Planting of native tree

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party.

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

26

Purpose of Monitoring (Follow-up)
After the procedure for the EIS is completed and construction is started, a follow-up
survey is conducted in order to monitor environmental condition at the construction
and operation stages.
Environmental monitoring activities are;• Establish baseline conditions• Measure actual impacts and trends• Verify the conditions are satisfied with the environmental standards• Measure to unanticipated impacts• Determine the accuracy of impact prediction• Review the effectiveness of mitigation measures
Follow-up
surveyMaking the impact
mitigation Report

Public announcement

Protection measures isreviewed when necessary

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

27

Examples of Measures in construction work
Process of Preparation Construction Work
August, 2005

Before preparation work
(July, 2004 : Started work)

April, 2007

One year and two months later(July, 2005 : Started the Seawall work,
Access tunnel excavation)

May, 2008

Two years and nine months later(Caisson Installation & Trimming work)

July, 2010

Seawall was closed in Oct, 2006
Reclamation was permitted in July,2009

Three years and ten months later(Trimming and reclamation work)

Six years and six months later(Cutoff wall and additional cutting off work)

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

28

Monitoring Program（Construction stage)
Environmental Items

Description

Air quality(transportation, construction
machineries)▪ Once at a peak period of construction works(continuous during a week)▪ Construction area boundary and neighborhood residence place▪ School which is located in a transportation route

Noise & Vibration(transportation, construction)▪ Once a year(24 hour) at road side
▪ (same as above)

Water quality(Turbidity)▪ Once a day during dredging work
▪ Marine structure construction area boundary

Terrestrial animals,
plants and ecosystem▪ Suitable time for observation of behavior or growth of eachorganism▪ Habitation area of the rare animals and plants (Flower)

Marine organisms▪ Once a year during marine works▪ Marine structure construction area boundary

Industrial waste(generation, recycle)▪ Timely▪ The whole construction

Follow-up survey is done with survey method ofenvironmental assessment basically
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

29

Environment Monitoring (1)Traffic noise and Volume

Aiｒ pollution

Bats survey

Birds survey

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

30

Environment Monitoring (2)Growth situation of seaweed

Water quality survey

Growth situation of forest

Growth situation of rare plant

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

31

Environment Monitoring (3)Environmental measure of excavation slope

Planting of native tree

1 year later

3 years later

4 years later
May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

32

Monitoring Program（Operation stage）
Environmental Items

Description

Air quality(auxiliary boiler)▪ Once a year
▪ Exhaust exit

Noise(plant equipment)▪ Once a half year
▪ Site boundary and a neighborhood residence place

Sea water quality
Marine organisms▪ Every season▪ Area in front of water intake and where temperature ofthermal effluent increases by 1℃

Thermal effluent diffusion(temperature, flow)▪ Every season▪ (same as above)

Terrestrial animals,
plants and ecosystem▪ Suitable time for observation of behavior or growth of eachorganism▪ Habitation area of the rare animals and plants

Industrial waste(generation, recycle)▪ Timely▪ Site of a power station

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

4.

Implementation and Follow-up

33

Environment Monitoring
Monitoring area in Operation

１４ｋｍ
Monitoring area

Estimated １℃ up area

９ｋｍ

Monju
Discharge

Tsuruga
Unit3,4
Discharge

Tsuruga
Unit2
Discharge

02km

May contain JAPC’s proprietary information. Subject to JAPC’s prior written consent before using for any other purposes than originally intended or before disclosing to any third party

34

Thank you for your attention