COMPETITION AND TECHNICAL RULE AMENDMENTS APPROVED BY WORLD ATHLETICS COUNCIL – DECEMBER 2023
(to be in force immediately unless stated otherwise)

Legend:

xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx

(black print)(blue strikethrough)(red bold)(green print)(green strikethrough)(green bold print)(violet strikethrough)(violet)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

rule text
deletedadded to rule text
interpretation notes
deleted interpretation notes
added to interpretation notes
text moved unchanged
text moved unchanged

RulePART IIPART II
headline

Action
Amend

CR3
CR3.1

Correct

CR5
CR5.1.10

Amend

CR6
CR6.1

CR13
CR13

Correct

Amend

Current
COMPETITION OFFICIALS

AmendedCOMPETITION OFFICIALSCOMPETITION OFFICIALSInternational Officials
At competitions organised under
At competitions organised underparagraphs 1. (a), (b), (c), (d) and 1.2 (a), paragraphs 1. (a), (b), (c), (d) and 1.2.
(b), (c), (d) of the World Rankings(a), (b), (c), (d) of the World Rankings
Competition definition, …
Competition definition, …
Technical Delegates
if requested, chair the Technical
if requested, chair the Technical
Meeting and brief the Technical
Meeting and brief the Technical Officials
Officials; and ...
Athletics Referees; and ...

Note (ii): Any athlete withdrawn orretired from a Running or Race Walking
event under Rule 6.1.4 of theCompetition Rules ...

Medical Delegates
Note (ii): Any athlete withdrawn orretired from a Running or Race Walking
Eevent under Rule 6.1.4 of theCompetition Rules ...

- Call Room Referee(s)- Running and Race Walking Events
Referee(s)- Field Events Referee(s)- Combined Events Referee(s)Officials of the Competition- Call Room Referee(s)- Running and Race Walking Events
Referee(s)- Field Events Referee(s)- Combined Events Referee(s)Page 2 of 24

ReasonComment"Competition Officials" aredefined in Rule CR13 as asubset of the "Officials of theCompetition".
In contrast, Part II describes
all Officials, including e.g.
various Delegates, Course
Measurers, Jury, etc. which
do not fall under the definitionof "Competition Officials".

Editorial

Correct a typo in thereference

Editorial

Due to changes in theofficials’ education andcertification system.

Editorial

Consistent use of capitalletters

Editorial

In the 2022 edition "Track
events Referee(s)" had beenchanged to "Running andRace Walking Events
Referee(s)". As this also

Editorial- Referee(s) for events outside thestadium- Video Referee(s)- Referee(s) for events outside thestadium- Video Referee(s)

CR13

Amend

Referees and competition officials atathletics events have many importantfunctions,…

Referees and cCompetition officials atathletics events have many importantfunctions,…

CR18
CR18.1Amend

One (or more) Referee(s), asappropriate, shall be appointed for theCall Room, for Running and Race
Walking Events, for Field Events, for
Combined Events and for Running andRace Walking Events outside thestadium.

Referees
One (or more) Referee(s), asappropriate, shall be appointed for theCall Room, for Running and Race
Walking Events, for Field Events, andfor Combined Events and for Runningand Race Walking Events outside thestadium.

CR18.2Amend

See also commentary after Rule 5 of theCompetition Rules.

CR19
CR19.3headline
CR20
CR20

Amend

Amend

includes races outside thestadium, a separate"Referee(s) for events
outside the stadium" is nolonger necessary and thus
should be deleted.
As defined by Rule CR13,
Referees are part of the“competition officials” anyhow

In the 2022 edition "Track
events Referee(s)" had beenchanged to "Running andRace Walking Events
Referee(s)". As this also
includes races outside thestadium, a separate Refereefor "Running and Race
Walking Events outside thestadium" is no longer
necessary and thus should
be deleted.
Consistent use ofterminology

See also commentary green text after
Rule 5 of the Competition Rules.
JudgesTrack Events and Road Events
Track Events and Road Events
Consistent use ofRunning and Race Walking Events
terminology
Umpires (Running and Race Walking Events)
Rule 8.4.4 of the Technical Rules is in
Rule 8.4.4 of the Technical Rules is in
It is already explained in theplace to cover the situation where suchplace to cover the situation where suchsentence, why this Rule is in
an athlete or team makes a protest – so an athlete or team makes a protest – so place, so the last part can be
sub-rule 8.4.4 is thus added.
sub-rule 8.4.4 is thus added.
deleted.

Page 3 of 24

Editorial

Editorial

Editorial

Editorial

EditorialCR22
CR22.7

Correct

Start Coordinator, Starter and Recallers
Warning and disqualification under
Warning and disqualification under
Rules 16.7, 16.8 and 39.8.3 of theRules 16.7, 16.8 and 39.8.3 of theTechnical Rules may be decided only by Technical Rules may be decided only by
the Starter.
the Starter.

CR25
CR25.4
List ofabbreviationsCR25.4
List ofabbreviationsCR25.4

Correct

Rules 25.2 and 25.3 of the Competition
Rules acknowledge the not uncommon
situation in many competitions below the
top level (and even in some high levelcompetitions) where athletes of different
age and who have para classifications
are competing in the same competitions.

CR31
CR31.12.2

Correct

CR31.14.3

Correct

TR16.7 is not a "Ruleapplicable to in-competition
warnings and/or
disqualifications". It justdefines what has to beconsidered as "false start".

Editorial

Amend

Competition Secretary, Technical Information Centre (TIC)Did not finish (Running or Race Walking Did not finish (Running or Race Walking “DNF” is also used forEvents)DNF
or Combined Events)
DNF
Combined Events

Editorial

Add

Competing under protest

To make clear that an athlete
is competing under protest

Editorial

To be correct

Editorial

This limitation does not apply to the
Steeplechase events where the Water
Jump is placed outside a normal 400m
track.

Rules 25.2 and 25.3 of the Competition
Rules acknowledge the not uncommon
situation in many competitions below the
top level (and even in some high levelcompetitions) where athletes of different
age and or who have paraclassifications are competing in thesame competitions.
World Records
This limitation does not apply to the
Steeplechase eEvents where theWwater Jjump is placed outside anormal 400m track.

consistent use of uppercase
letters for "Steeplechase
Events" and lowercase lettersfor "water jump"

Editorial

For performances made outdoors up to
and including 200m, except for races on
a 200m Standard Oval Track, information
concerning wind velocity, measured as

For performances made outdoors up to
and including 200m, except for 200m
races on a 200m Standard Oval Track,
information concerning wind velocity,

To be clear that for 50m/60m
races on a Short Track thewind has to be measured if it
is outdoors.

Editorial

Page 4 of 24

Pindicated in Rules 17.8 to 17.13 of theTechnical Rules inclusive, shall be
submitted.
No performance will be ratified where
the athlete has infringed Rule 17.3 of
the Technical Rules except, (a) in cases
covered in Rule 17.3.2 of the TechnicalRules, or (b) in cases covered in Rules
17.3.3 and 17.3.4 of the TechnicalRules, if it is the first infringement in theevent, nor in the case of an individual
event where an athlete has recorded afalse start as allowed under Rule 39.8.3
of the Technical Rules.

CR31.14.4

Amend

CR31.14.5

Correct

For performances up to and including
400m (including 4 × 200m and 4 ×400m) under Rule 32 of the Competition
Rules, starting blocks linked to a World
Athletics certified Start Information
System under Rule 15.3 of theTechnical Rules must have been usedand have functioned correctly so thatreaction times were obtained and areshown on the results of the event.

CR31.15.2

Correct… (for example, 1 Hour and 20,000m see Rule 18.3 of the Technical Rules).

measured as indicated in Rules 17.8 to
17.13 of the Technical Rules inclusive,
shall be submitted.
No performance will be ratified where
the athlete has infringed Rule 17.3 of
the Technical Rules except,
a. (a) in cases covered in Rules
17.3.1 and 17.3.2 of theTechnical Rules, orb. (b) in cases covered in Rules
17.3.3 and 17.3.4 of theTechnical Rules, if it is the first
infringement in the event,nor in the case of an individual event
where an athlete has recorded a false
start as allowed under Rule 39.8.3 of theTechnical Rules.
For performances up to and including
400m (including 4 × 200m and 4 ×400m) under Rule 32 of the Competition
Rules, starting blocks linked to a World
Athletics certified Start Information
System under Rule 15.3 of theTechnical Rules must have been usedand have functioned correctly so thatreaction times were obtained and areshown on the results of the event.
Note: This Rule 31.14.5 does not
apply to World U20 Records.
… (for example, 1 Hour and20,00010,000m - see Rule 18.3 of theTechnical Rules).

Page 5 of 24

To be clear that being
pushed or forced to step or
run outside the lane does notprevent a World Record to be
ratified.

Editorial

For World U20 Records(which previously have beenpart of TR33 and TR35
instead of TR32), a Start
Information System has
never been required.

Editorial

The current example is nolonger applicable as the
20,000m is no World Record
distance anymore according
to TR32. Thus, anotherexample (e.g. 10,000m)
should be given here.

Editorial

TR3
TR3.2

Amend

Note: See Eligibility Rules for sanctions
for non-compliance with this Rule 3.

TR3.6

Amend

Note: See Eligibility Rules for sanctions
for non-compliance with this Rule 3.

TR4
TR4.3

Amend

TR4.3

Move

TR4.4

Correct

Age and Sex Categories
Note: See Eligibility Rules for sanctions
for non-compliance with this Rule 3.
Note: See Eligibility Rules Regulations
for Transgender Athletes or Eligibility
Regulations for the Female
Classification, as appropriate, forsanctions for non-compliance with thisRule 3.6.

Entries
If an athlete is not present in the final
If an athlete is not present in the final
round and has not previously indicatedround and has not previously indicatedthat they will pass, then the time allowed that they will pass, then the time allowed
for their trial will run and if they do notfor their trial will run and if they do not
return before it expires, then they will be return before it expires, then they will berecorded as passing.
recorded as passing a failure.
Whilst Rules 4.3 and 26.2 of theWhilst Rules 4.3 and 26.2 of theTechnical Rules provide that an athlete
Technical Rules provide that an athlete
may not attempt the second or third trial may not attempt the second or third trial
at any particular height in Verticalat any particular height in Vertical
Jumps if it has been deemed that they
Jumps if it has been deemed that they
have passed an earlier trial at thathave passed an earlier trial at thatheight, it is suggested that in lower level height, it is suggested that in lower levelcompetitions such as children’s andcompetitions such as children’s andschool meets, the competition
school meets, the competition
regulations could be adapted so as toregulations could be adapted so as toallow an athlete to opt to take theallow an athlete to opt to take thesecond or third trial in such cases.
second or third trial in such cases.
Either in the process of the Referee
Either in the process of the Referee
making such a decision or the Jury of the Technical Delegate(s) making such a
Appeal considering any protest arisingdecision or the Jury of the Appeal
from it, reasons for the withdrawal orconsidering any protest appeal arisingfrom it, reasons for the withdrawal orPage 6 of 24

The Note has to beoutdented as it refers to theentire Rule 3.
The sanctions are now
defined in the Regulations.

Editorial

To be consistent with theamendment of the Rule
approved in May 2023

Editorial

Move green text to TR26.2,
since TR4.3 is only about
simultaneous entries and notabout the consequences ofpassing the second or third
trial.

Editoriala) According to the lastsentence of TR 4.4, thedecision is made by theTechnical Delegate(s) not by
the Referee.

Editorial

Editorialnon-participation proposed by or on
behalf of the athlete can be considered.
TR5
TR5.7

Correct

TR6
TR6.4.2

Amend

TR7
TR7.1

TR8
TR8.3

Amend

Correct

non-participation proposed by or on
behalf of the athlete can be considered.
Clothing, Shoes and Athlete Bibs
Every athlete shall be provided with two Every athlete shall be provided with twobibs which, during the competition, shall bibs which, during the competition, shallbe worn visibly on the front of the torso
be worn visibly on the front of the torso
and back, except in the Jumping Events, and on the back, except in the Jumping
where one bib may be worn on the front Events, where one bib may be worn onof the torso or back only.
the front of the torso or on the backonly.
Assistance to Athletes
Medical examination / treatment and/or
Medical examination / treatment and/or
physiotherapy necessary to enable anphysiotherapy under Rule 6.1 of theathlete to participate or continue
Technical Rules necessary to enable
participation once on the competition
an athlete to participate or continue
area under Rule 6.1 of the Technicalparticipation once on the competition
Rules.
area under Rule 6.1 of the TechnicalRules.
Warnings and Disqualification
Note (ii): For events outside thestadium, tThe Running and Race
Walking Events Referee for events
outside the stadium shall, whereverpracticable (e.g. under Rules 6, 54.10 or
55.8 of the Technical Rules), give awarning prior to disqualification.

Note (ii): The Referee for events outside
the stadium shall, wherever practicable(e.g. under Rules 6, 54.10 or 55.8 of theTechnical Rules), give a warning prior todisqualification.

Note: The World Athletics Photo Finish
Judge, where appointed, should act onbehalf of the Running and Race Walking
Events Referee regarding protests about
the placing of athletesProtests and Appeals
Note: The World Athletics Photo Finish
Judge, where appointed, should act onbehalf of the Running and Race Walking
Events Referee regarding protests
about the placing of athletes.

Page 7 of 24b) The Jury deals with an"appeal" not with a "protest".
More correct

Editorial

More correct

Editorial

Consistent use ofterminology for the “Runningand Race Walking Events
Referee”

Editorial

Add full stop at the end

EditorialTR8.4.2

Correct

If the protest is upheld, any athlete who
committed the false start or whose
conduct should have led to the start
being aborted, and who was subject towarning or disqualification according toRules 16.5, 16.7, 16.8 or 39.8.3 of theTechnical Rules, shall be warned or
disqualified.
Note:…
If the Referee was unable tocommunicate this orally to the relevantteam(s) /athlete (s)TR8.7

Correct

TR10
TR10.1Amend

The accuracy of the markings andinstallations for athletics facilities under
Rules 2 and 11.2 of the Technical Rules
shall be checked by an appropriately
qualified surveyor…

TR11
TR11.3

Correct

Note: The current standard forms
required to be used for reporting on theconformity of the competition area or
facility are available from the World
Athletics Office, or may be downloaded
from the World Athletics website.

TR11.4

Correct… in Race Walking events in which Rule54.7.3 of the Technical Rules …

TR16
TR16.2.1

Amend… the commands shall be “On yourmarks” and “Set”.

If the protest is upheld, any athlete who
committed the false start or whose
conduct should have led to the start
being aborted, and who was subject towarning or disqualification according toRules 16.5, 16.7, 16.8 or 39.8.3 of theTechnical Rules, shall be warned or
disqualified.
Note:…
If the Referee was unable tocommunicate this orally to the relevantteam(s) / athlete (s)Surveying and Measurements
The accuracy of the markings andinstallations for athletics facilities under
Rules 2, and 11.2, 11.3 and 41 of theTechnical Rules shall be checked by anappropriately qualified surveyor…
Surveying and Measurements
Note: The current standard forms
required to be used for reporting on theconformity of the competition area or
facility are available from the World
Athletics Office, or may be downloaded
from the World Athletics website or the
Global Calendar platform, as
appropriate.
… in Race Walking Eevents in which
Rule 54.7.3 of the Technical Rules …
The Start… the commands (in English) shall be“On your marks” and “Set”.

Page 8 of 24

TR16.7 is not a "Ruleapplicable to in-competition
warnings and/or
disqualifications". It justdefines what has to beconsidered as "false start".

Editorial

Add blanking space before“athlete” and delete blanking
space after “athlete”

Editorial

Add missing Rule references

Editorial

The Note has to beoutdented as it refers both toTR11.2 and TR11.3

Editorial

Some of the forms are now
available on the Global
Calendar platform
Consistent use of capitalletters
According to TR16.2 there
are other languages allowed
for giving commands as well.

Editorial

EditorialTR16.2.2

Amend… the command shall be “On yourmarks”.

… the command (in English) shall be“On your marks”.

TR17
TR17.2.3

Correct

run in lanes (or any part of a race run inlanes), each athlete shall keep within
their allocated lane from start to finish
and, when running on a bend, shall not
step or run on or inside the left-handlane line or in the case of the inside
lane, the kerb or line marking theapplicable border of the track;

TR17.2.4

Amend

not run in lanes (or any part of a race
not run in lanes), an athlete running on abend, on the outer half of the track as
per Rule 17.5.2 of the Technical Rules,
or on any curved part of the diversion
from the track for the steeplechasewater jump, shall not step or run on or
inside the kerb or line marking theapplicable border (the inside of the
track, the outer half of the track, or any
curved part of the diversion from thetrack for the steeplechase water jump).

TR17.3.3

Correct

in all races run in lanes (or any part ofraces run in lanes), touches once theline on their left, or the kerb or line
marking the applicable border (asdefined in Rule 17.2.4 of the TechnicalRules) on a bend; or

The Racerun in lanes (or any part of a race run inlanes), each athlete shall keep within
their allocated lane from start to finish
and, when running on a bend, shall not
step or run on or inside the left-handlane line or in the case of the inside
lane, the kerb or line marking theapplicable border of the inside of the
track;
not run in lanes (or any part of a race
not run in lanes), an athlete running on abend, on the outer half of the track as
per Rule 17.5.2 of the Technical Rules,
or on any curved part of the diversion
from the track for the steeplechasewater jump, shall not step or run on or
inside the kerb or line marking theapplicable border (of the inside of the
track, of the outer half of the track, or of
any curved part of the diversion from thetrack for the steeplechase water jump).
in all races run in lanes (or any part ofraces run in lanes), touches once theline on their left, or the kerb or line
marking the applicable border (asdefined in Rule 17.2.4 of the TechnicalRules) of the inside of the track on abend; orPage 9 of 24

According to TR16.2 there
are other languages allowed
for giving commands as well.

Editorial

For races run in lanes, only
the border of the inside of the
track is relevant

Editorial

To make the sentence inparentheses clear

Editorial

For races run in lanes, only
the border of the inside of the
track is relevant

EditorialTR17.5

Correct

In competitions held under paragraphs
1. (a) and (b) of the World Rankings
Competition definition and where
suitable in other competitions: …

In competitions held under paragraphs
1. (a) and (b) and 2. of the World
Rankings Competition definition andwhere suitable in other competitions: …

TR17.5.2

Correct

TR17.5.3

Amend

For group starts in 1000m, 3000m,(optionally 3000m steeplechase withinside water jump) …
17.5.3 If an athlete does not follow thisRule they, or in the case of a relay theirteam, shall be disqualified.

For group starts in 1000m, 3000m,(optionally 3000m sSteeplechase withinside water jump) …
17.5.3 If an athlete does not follow thisRule they, or in the case of a relay theirteam, shall be disqualified.

TR17.5Amend

if an athlete steps on or inside the line,
then state Rule 17.2 of the TechnicalRules,…

if an athlete steps on or inside the line,
then state Rule 17.2.3 or 17.2.4 of theTechnical Rules, as appropriate, …

TR19
TR19.11

Correct

If only two times are available and they
disagree, the longer time shall be
official.

Timing and Photo Finish
If only two times from two watches areavailable and they disagree, the longer
time shall be official.

Page 10 of 24

To correct a mistake done in2020 when the Book of Rules
was first introduced: In the
OLD Rule 163.5 reference
was made to the Rule 1.1 of
the OLD Competition Rules,
which meant the definition of
ALL International
Competitions. This now
corresponds to all theparagraphs 1. and 2. of the
new World Rankings
Competition definition.
Consistent use of capitalletter for the term "3000m
Steeplechase"
The sentence refers to both
Rules TR17.5.1 andTR17.5.2. Therefore, (inanalogy to the structure ofRule TR44.6) this sentence
should not get a Rule number
on its own but should beoutdented and its number
17.5.3 should be deleted.

Editorial

Correct references

Editorial

More correct

Editorial

Editorial

EditorialTR19.13.1
aCorrect

For competitions under paragraphs 1.
(a) and (b) of the World Rankings
Competition definition, this composite
image must be composed of at least
1000 images per second.

For competitions under paragraphs 1.
(a) and (b) and 2. of the World Rankings
Competition definition, this composite
image must be composed of at least
1000 images per second.

TR19.14Amend

Any such design must be solely confinedto the intersection, for no more than
20mm beyond, and not extended before,
the leading edge of the finish line.

TR19.23.1

Amend

TR19.24.5

Amend

For all races up to and including
10,000m, unless the time is an exact
0.01 second, the time shall be converted
and recorded to the next longer 0.01
second, …
19.24.5 For all races, all times notending in zero shall be converted andrecorded to the next longer wholesecond, e.g. 2:09:44.3 shall be recorded
as 2:09:45.

Any such design must be solely
confined to the intersection, for no morethan 20mm beyond, and not extended
before, the leading nearer edge of thefinish line.
For all races on the track up to andincluding 10,000m, unless the time is anexact 0.01 second, the time shall be
converted and recorded to the next
longer 0.01 second, …
19.24.5 19.25 For all races, all times notending in zero shall be converted andrecorded to the next longer wholesecond, e.g. 2:09:44.3 shall be recorded
as 2:09:45.

TR19.24.6

Amend

19.24.6 Whilst the determination of thefinishing order and times may beconsidered official, Rules 18.2 and 19.2of the Technical Rules must be applied
where required.

19.24.6 19.26 Whilst the determinationof the finishing order and times may beconsidered official, Rules 18.2 and 19.2of the Technical Rules must be applied
where required.

Page 11 of 24

To correct a mistake done in2020 when the Book of Rules
was first introduced: In the
OLD Rule 165.14(a)(i)reference was made to theRule 1.1 of the OLD
Competition Rules, whichmeant the definition of ALL
International Competitions.
This now corresponds to all
the paragraphs 1. and 2. ofthe new World Rankings
Competition definition.
Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

In analogy to TR19.23.2 andsince races outside thestadium are described later inTR19.23.3

Editorial

This sentence (and its Notes)
should be a separate Rule19.25, as it does not belong
to 19.24 describing therequirements under which
the use of Transponder
Timing Systems is permitted.
This sentence (and its Note)should be a separate Rule19.26, as it does not belong
to 19.24 describing therequirements under which

Editorial

Editorial

EditorialTR19.24

Amend

TR19.25

Amend

TR20
TR20.1

Correctthe use of Transponder
Timing Systems is permitted.
It is important that when using
It is important that when using
Consequence of thetransponder timing that appropriate back- transponder timing that appropriate back- amendment above
up systems are put in place byup systems are put in place by
the Organisers, especially to respect
the Organisers, especially to respect
Rule 19.24.6 of the Technical Rules.
Rule 19.24.6 19.26 of the TechnicalRules.
19.25 The Chief Transponder Timing
19.25 19.27 The Chief Transponder
Consequence of theJudge shall be responsible for the
Timing Judge shall be responsible foramendments above
functioning of the System. Before thethe functioning of the System. Before
start of the competition, they will meet the the start of the competition, they willtechnical staff involved and familiarize
meet the technical staff involved andthemselves with the equipment, checking familiarize themselves with the
all applicable settings. They shallequipment, checking all applicable
supervise the testing of the equipment
settings. They shall supervise theand ensure that the passing of thetesting of the equipment and ensure thattransponder over the finish line will
the passing of the transponder over therecord the athlete’s finish time. In
finish line will record the athlete’s finish
conjunction with the Referee, they shalltime. In conjunction with the Referee,
ensure that provision is made for thethey shall ensure that provision is madeapplication, when necessary, of Rulefor the application, when necessary, of
19.24.6 of the Technical Rules.
Rule 19.24.6 19.26 of the TechnicalRules.
Seedings, Draws and Qualification in Track Events
Where Qualification Rounds are held, all Where Qualification Rounds are held, all Consistent use of the plural
athletes must compete in, and qualify
athletes must compete in, and qualify
form when using “one or
through, all such rounds except that the through, all such rounds except that the more”
relevant governing body may, for one or relevant governing body may, for one ormore events, authorise the conduct ofmore events, authorise the conduct ofadditional preliminary qualification
additional preliminary qualification
round(s) either at the same competitionround(s) either at the same competition
or at one or more earlier competition(s)or at one or more earlier competitions(s)to determine some or all of the athletes
to determine some or all of the athletes…
…

Page 12 of 24

Editorial

Editorial

EditorialTR20.2.1

Correct

Such information shall also be provided
for any preliminary qualifications.

Such information shall also be provided
for any additional preliminary
qualifications round(s).

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

TR20.2.2

Amend

Whenever possible, representatives ofeach Member or team and the best
performed athletes shall be placed indifferent heats in all Qualification
Rounds of the competition.

Whenever possible, representatives
athletes of each Member or team andthe best performed athletes shall beplaced in different heats in all
Qualification Rounds of the competition.

The term "representative" isused for "athletes'
representatives", but here,"athletes" themselves are
meant

Editorial

TR20.2.2

Correct… between athletes seeded in the same … between athletes seeded in the same“group of lanes” according to Rule 20.4.2 “group of lanes” according to Ruleof the Technical Rules.
20.4.2 Rules 20.4.3 to 20.4.5 of theTechnical Rules.

Correct reference

Editorial

TR20.2

Amend

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

TR20.2

Correct

Correct reference

Editorial

TR20.4

Correct

At this same time any adjustments toensure as much as possible that
athletes from the same nation or teamare in different heats should also be
made.
… in subsequent rounds, between
athletes seeded in the same “group oflanes” according to Rule 20.4.2 of theTechnical Rules.
Note (i): In competitions underparagraphs 1. (d), (e) and 2. of the World
Rankings Competition definition, the
800m event may be run with one or two
athletes in each lane, or with group startbehind an arced line. In competitions
under paragraphs 1. (a), (b) (c) and 2.
(a), (b) of the World Rankings
Competition definition, …

Insert missing comma after
first “(b)”Editorial

At this same time any adjustments toensure as much as possible that
athletes from the same nation Memberor team are in different heats should
also be made.
… in subsequent rounds, between
athletes seeded in the same “group oflanes” according to Rule 20.4.2 Rules
20.4.3 to 20.4.5 of the Technical Rules.
Note (i): In competitions underparagraphs 1. (d), (e) and 2. of theWorld Rankings Competition definition,
the 800m event may be run with one or
two athletes in each lane, or with group
start behind an arced line. In
competitions under paragraphs 1. (a),(b), (c) and 2. (a), (b) of the World
Rankings Competition definition, …

Page 13 of 24

TR20.8

Correct

TR21
TR21.1

Amend

TR22
TR22.1

Amend

TR22.1

Amend

TR22.6

Amend

TR22.6

Correct

Because of the provision within Rule20.8 of the Technical Rules that for timequalification only one system of timing
may be applied it is important for backup timing systems to be available forpreliminary rounds in case the primarysystem (usually photo finish) fails.

Because of the provision within Rule20.8 of the Technical Rules that for timequalification only one system of timing
may be applied it is important for backup timing systems to be available forpreliminary rounds Qualification
Rounds in case the primary system(usually photo finish) fails.

Ties
If the Judges or the Photo Finish Judges If the Judges or the Photo Finish Judges
are unable to separate the athletes forare unable to separate the athletes forany place according to Rules 18.2, 19.17, any place according to Rules 18.2,
19.21 or 19.24 of the Technical Rules (as 19.17, 19.21 or 19.24 19.26 of theTechnical Rules (as may be applicable),
may be applicable), …
…
Hurdle Races
Women, U20 Women and U18Women:
Women, U20 Women and U18 Women:
100m, 400m
100m, 400m
The hurdle shall be so placed that thevertical plane of the side of the barnearer to the approaching hurdler
coincides with the track marking nearest
the athlete.
Note: Provided that this Rule isotherwise observed and the hurdle is
not displaced or its height lowered inany manner including tilting in any
direction, an athlete may go over the
hurdle in any manner.
But if an athlete knocks down ordisplaces a hurdle in another lane andthereby affects the progress of anotherathlete they should be disqualified.

The hurdle shall be so placed that thevertical plane of the side of the top bar
nearer to the approaching hurdler
athlete coincides with the track marking
nearest the athlete.
Note: Provided that this Rule isotherwise observed and the hurdle is
not displaced or its height lowered inany manner including tilting in any
direction, an athlete may go over the
hurdle in any manner.
But if an athlete knocks down ordisplaces a hurdle in another lane andthereby affects the progress of anotherathlete they should shall be disqualified.

Page 14 of 24

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

Consequence of theamendment of TR19.24
above

Editorial

Add blanking space between“U18” and “Women” forconsistency
Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

In analogy to Rule TR23.7,
this should be part of theRule, not a Note

Editorial

To be consistent with theRule

Editorial

EditorialTR22.6

Correct

For example, an athlete who knocks
down or displaces a hurdle in the lane of
an athlete who has already gone overthat hurdle, should not necessarily bedisqualified unless they otherwise
infringe the Rules, i.e. by moving to an
inside lane on the bend or having theirfoot or leg, at the instant of clearance,
beside the hurdle (on either side) andbelow the horizontal plane of the top of
any hurdle.

TR23
TR23.3Amend

23.3 For the steeplechase events, there
shall be five jumps in a complete lap,with the water jump as the fourth. The
jumps should be evenly distributed, sothat the distance between the jumps
shall be approximately one fifth of thenominal length of the lap.

TR23.4Amend

For example, an athlete who knocks
More correct
down or displaces a hurdle in the lane of
an athlete who has already gone overthat hurdle, should not necessarily bedisqualified unless they otherwise
infringe the Rules, i.e. e.g. by moving toan inside lane on the bend or having theirfoot or leg, at the instant of clearance,
beside the hurdle (on either side) andbelow the horizontal plane of the top of
any hurdle.
Steeplechase Races
23.3 23.4 For the sSteeplechase
The order of TR23.3 andeEvents, there shall be five jumps in a
TR23.4 (including theircomplete lap, with the water jump as the Notes) should be reversed,
fourth. The jumps should be evenly
since TR23.4 is the analogy
distributed, so that the distance between to TR23.2 for 2000m races,
the jumps shall be approximately one
and TR23.3 is valid for both
fifth of the nominal length of the lap.
2000m and 3000m races.

Note: Adjustment to the hurdle spacing
Note: Adjustment to the hurdle spacing
may be necessary to ensure that safe
may be necessary to ensure that safe
distances from a hurdle / start line and to distances from a hurdle / start line andthe next hurdle are maintained before
to the next hurdle are maintained before
and after the finish line, respectively, as
and after the finish line, respectively, as
indicated in the World Athletics Track and indicated in the World Athletics Track
Field Facilities Manual.
and Field Facilities Manual.
23.4 For the 2000m event, there shall
23.4 23.3 For the 2000m event, there
be 18 hurdle jumps and 5 water jumps.
shall be 18 hurdle jumps and 5 water
The first jump is at the third hurdle of a
jumps. The first jump is at the third
lap. The previous hurdles shall be
hurdle of a lap. The previous hurdles
removed until the athletes have passed
shall be removed until the athletes havethem for the first time.
passed them for the first time.

Page 15 of 24

Editorial

Editorial

Delete “and”

The order of TR23.3 andTR23.4 (including theirNotes) should be reversed,
since TR23.4 is the analogy
to TR23.2 for 2000m races,
and TR23.3 is valid for both2000m and 3000m races.

Editorial

Note: In the 2000m event, if the water
jump is on the inside of the track, thefinish line has to be passed twice before
the first complete lap with five jumps.
… their foot or leg is, at the instant ofclearance, beside the hurdle (on eitherside), and below the horizontal plane of
the top of any hurdle.

TR23.7.2

Amend

TR24
TR24.1Amend

Note: The Medley Relay may be runwith the legs in a different order in whichcase the appropriate adjustments
should be made to the application ofRules 24.14, 24.18, 24.19 and 24.20 of
the Technical Rules.

TR24.3Amend

In the 4 × 100m and the 4 × 200m relays,
and for the first and second changes in
the Medley Relay, each takeover zone
shall be 30m long, of which the scratchline is 20m from the start of the zone.

TR24.3

Amend

They must also ensure that for all
takeovers the outgoing runners’ feet arecompletely inside the zone …

TR24.7

Amend

TR24.13Amend

If the outgoing runner even touches thebaton prior to the baton being inside thezone, the team will be subject todisqualification.
Note: Where not more than four teams
are competing and option 1 is notpossible, option 3 should be used.

Note: In the 2000m event, if the water
jump is on the inside of the track, thefinish line has to be passed twice before
the first complete lap with five jumps.
… their foot or leg is, at the instant ofclearance, beside the hurdle (on eitherside), and below the horizontal plane of
the top of any the hurdle.
Relay Races
Note: The Medley Relay may be runwith the legs in a different order in whichcase the appropriate adjustments
should be made to the application ofRules 24.3, 24.14, 24.18, 24.19 and24.20 of the Technical Rules.

In the 4 × 100m and the 4 × 200m
relays, and for the first and second
changes in the Medley Relay, eachtakeover zone shall be 30m long, of
which the scratch line is 20m from thestart beginning of the zone.
They must also ensure that for all
takeovers the outgoing runners’
receiving athletes’ feet are completely
inside the zone …
If the outgoing runner receiving athlete
even touches the baton prior to the baton
being inside the zone, the team will be
subject to disqualification.
Note: Where not more than four teams
are competing and option 1 Rule24.13.1 is not possible, option 3 Rule24.13.3 should be used.

Page 16 of 24

More correct

Editorial

1) 24.3 should be added(length of the takeoverzones)
2) 24.18 does not apply to
the Medley Relay (only to theDistance Medley Relay)3) in 24.19 no adjustment isapplicable.
Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

Similar to the Note toTR24.15

Editorial

Editorial

TR25
TR25.3.2

Amend

Note: Each marker shall be composedof a single piece only.

TR25.3.3

Move

25.3.3 For Pole Vault, the Organisers
should place suitable and safe distancemarkers beside the runway at each
0.5m between the points 2.5m to 5mfrom the “zero” line and at each 1.0m
from the 5m to the 18m point.

TR25.3.4

Move

The Judges shall direct the relevant
athlete to adapt or remove any marks
not complying with this Rule. If they donot, the Judges shall remove them.

TR25.3

Amend

TR25.5

Amend

General Conditions – Field Events
Note: Each marker shall be composedof a single piece only.

Note: Serious cases may further be
dealt with under Rules 7.1 and 7.3 of theTechnical Rules.
Rule 25.3.3 of the Technical Rules isdesigned to assist athletes and theircoaches in determining their take-off
points and the progress on the runway.
If any athlete by their own decision
makes a trial in an order different fromthat previously determined, Rules 7.1
and 7.3 of the Technical Rules shall beapplied. In the case of a warning, theresult of the trial (valid or failure) will
stand. If there is a Qualification Round,
there shall be a fresh drawing of lot for
the final.

25.3.3 25.3.4 For Pole Vault, theOrganisers should place suitable andsafe distance markers beside therunway at each 0.5m between the points
2.5m to 5m from the “zero” line and ateach 1.0m from the 5m to the 18m
point.
25.3.4 25.3.3 The Judges shall direct
the relevant athlete to adapt or remove
any marks not complying with this Rule.
If they do not, the Judges shall remove
them.
Note: Serious cases may further be
dealt with under Rules 7.1 and 7.3 of theTechnical Rules.
Rule 25.3.3 25.3.4 of the TechnicalRules is designed to assist athletes andtheir coaches in determining their takeoff points and the progress on the
runway.
If any athlete by their own decision
makes a trial in an order different fromthat previously determined, Rules 7.1
and 7.3 of the Technical Rules shall beapplied. In the case of a warning, theresult of the trial (valid or failure) will
stand.
If there is a Qualification Round, there
shall be a fresh drawing of lot for the
final.

Page 17 of 24

The Note has to beoutdented as it refers both toTR25.3.1 and TR25.3.2
The order of TR25.3.3 andTR25.3.4 should bereversed, since TR25.3.4
connects to TR25.3.1 andTR25.3.2 but not to TR25.3.3

Editorial

The order of TR25.3.3 andTR25.3.4 should bereversed, since TR25.3.4
connects to TR25.3.1 andTR25.3.2 but not to TR25.3.3

Editorial

Consequence of theamendment above

Editorial

The last sentence should bea new paragraph as it does
not relate to the previous text

Editorial

EditorialTR25.6

Amend

Where there are eight athletes or fewer,
each athlete shall be allowed six trials,
unless the applicable regulations
provide otherwise. If more than one failto achieve a valid trial during the first
three rounds of trials, such athletes shallcompete in subsequent rounds of trials
before those with valid trials, in thesame relative order according to theoriginal draw.

Where there are eight athletes or fewer,
each athlete shall be allowed six trials,
unless the applicable regulations
provide otherwise. If more than one one
or more athletes fail to achieve a valid
trial during the first three rounds of trials,
such athletes shall compete insubsequent rounds of trials before thosewith valid trials, in the same relative
order according to the original draw.

The case where only one
athlete fails to achieve a valid
trial during the first threerounds is currently missing

Editorial

TR25.9Amend

Editorial

Amend… such as achieving entry standards
during a specified period, by specified
placing in a designated competition or
by specified rankings …
The athletes shall normally be divided
into two or more groups such that thegroups are of approximately equal
strength and whenever possible so that
representatives athletes of each
Member or team shall be placed indifferent groups.

In analogy to TR20.1

TR25.10… such as achieving entry standards
during a specified period, by specified
placing in a designated competition or
by rankings …
The athletes shall normally be divided
into two or more groups such that thegroups are of approximately equal
strength and whenever possible so that
representatives of each Member orteam shall be placed in different groups.

The term "representative" isused for "athletes'
representatives", but here,"athletes" themselves are
meant

Editorial

TR25.16

Correct

It is important when seeding High Jump
and Pole Vault qualifying groups that therequirements of Rule 25.10 and 25.16 of
the Technical Rules are both observed.

It is important when seeding High Jump
and Pole Vault qualifying groups that therequirements of Rule 25.10 and 25.16 of
the Technical Rules are both observed.

In 2020, the former sentenceof TR25.16 concerning
seeding (groups to be of
approximately equal
strength) was moved toTR25.10. Since then,TR25.16 does no longer
specify requirements forseeding.

Editorial

TR25.20

Correct

See also Rule 11.3 of the TechnicalRules.

See also Rule 11.3 11.4 of theTechnical Rules.

Correct reference

Editorial

Page 18 of 24

TR26
TR26.2

Move

TR28
TR28.2

Amend

TR29
TR29.6

Amend

General Conditions – Vertical Jumps
Whilst Rules 4.3 and 26.2 of theTechnical Rules provides that an athlete
may not attempt the second or third trial
at any particular height in Vertical
Jumps if it has been deemed that they
have passed an earlier trial at thatheight, it is suggested that in lower levelcompetitions such as children’s andschool meets, the competition
regulations could be adapted so as toallow an athlete to opt to take thesecond or third trial in such cases.
Pole Vault… to be aware of the possibility that theathlete can actually take off in such a
way that their body or the bend of thepole will penetrate break the verticalplane through the zero line …
General Conditions – Horizontal Jumps
The landing area shall have a minimum
The landing area shall have a minimum
width of 2.75m and a maximum width of width of 2.75m and a maximum width of
3m. It shall, if possible, be so placed
3m. It shall, if possible, be so placedthat the middle of the runway, ifthat the middle of the runway, if
extended, would coincide with theextended, would coincide with the
middle of the landing area.
middle of the landing area.
Note: When the axis of the runway is notin line with the centre line of the landingarea, a tape, or if necessary, two tapes,
shall be placed along the landing area
so that the above is achieved (seeFigure (b) TR29).

Note: When the axis middle of the
runway is not in line with the centre line
middle of the landing area, a tape, or if
necessary, two tapes, shall be placedalong the landing area so that the aboveis achieved (see Figure (b) TR29).

Page 19 of 24

Move green text from TR4.3,
since TR4.3 is only about
simultaneous entries and notabout the consequences ofpassing the second or third
trial.

Editorial

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

To use the same terminology
in the Note as in the Rule.

Editorial

TR31
Headline
beforeTR31.3 toTR31.5
TR32
TR32.14.2

Correct

TR32.14

Correct

TR32.14

Correct

TR32.15

Amend

TR32.20

Amend

TR33
TR33.4

Amend

Correct

Take-off Line

Triple Jump
Take-off Line / Take-off Area

General Conditions – Throwing Events
Nor will it be considered a failure at any
Nor will it be considered a failure at any
time, if the touch, including of the top oftime, if the touch, including of the top of
the stopboard stop board, …
the stopboard, …
This means that should an athlete make This means that should an athlete makecontact with the top inside edge of either contact with the top inside edge of either
the rim or the stop-board …
the rim or the stop-board stop board …
It is not relevant, if the top of the rim or, in It is not relevant, if the top of the rim or,
the case of Javelin Throw, the throwing
in the case of Javelin Throw, thearc or lines marking the runway, thethrowing arc or lines marking the
ground outside or the top of the
runway, the ground outside or the top of
stopboard is touched …
the stopboard stop board is touched …
Note: All the moves permitted by thisNote: All the moves permitted by thisparagraph shall be included in theparagraph Rule shall be included in the
maximum time for a trial given in Rulemaximum time for a trial given in Rule25.17 of the Technical Rules.
25.17 of the Technical Rules.
Unless video measuring is being used,
Unless video measuring is being used,
for every valid trial a marker (usuallyfor every valid trial a marker (usually
metal) should be placed in a vertical
metal) should be placed in a vertical
position at the place of the imprint left by position at the place of the imprint left by
the implement in the landing area
the implement in the landing area
nearest to the arc.
nearest to the circle/arc.

Information for manufacturers: to besmooth, the surface average heightmust be less than 1.6µm, i.e., aroughness number N7 or less.

Shot Put
Information for manufacturers: to besmooth, the surface average heightmust be less than or equal to 1.6µm,
i.e., a roughness number N7 or less.

Page 20 of 24

TR31.5 does not fit under theheadline “Take-off Line”

Editorial

Consistent writing of the term“stop board”

Editorial

Consistent writing of the term“stop board”

Editorial

Consistent writing of the term“stop board”

Editorial

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

The green text belongs to allthrowing events (not only tothe javelin)

Editorial

To be correct with thedefinition of N7

Editorial

TR37
TR37.3

Correct

TR37.4Amend

Note (ii) Any number of posts may be
used to support the netting in theposition shown in Figures TR 37.
Note (v): Innovative designs that provide
the same degree of protection and do
not increase the danger zone comparedwith conventional designs may be World
Athletics certified.

Hammer Cage
Note (ii): Any number of posts may be
used to support the netting in theposition shown in Figures TR 37
Note (v): Innovative designs that provide
the same or better degree of protection
and do not increase the danger zone
compared with conventional designs
may be World Athletics certified.

TR38
TR38.3

Correct

TR38.7Amend

The angle of tip shall not exceed 40
degrees.

The angle of tip shall not exceed
40°degrees.

TR41
TR41.4Amend

Note (i): A “sprung section” is any
deliberately engineered or constructed
section designed to give extra
assistance to an athlete.

The Short Track Stadium
Note (i): A “sprung section” is any
deliberately engineered or constructed
section designed to give extra
assistance to an athlete.

Note (ii): The World Athletics Track and
Field Facilities Manual, which isavailable from the World Athletics
Office, or may be downloaded from theWorld Athletics website, contains moredetailed and defined specifications forplanning and construction of Short Trackstadia including diagrams for track
measurement and marking.

Note (ii): The World Athletics Track and
Field Facilities Manual, which isavailable from the World Athletics
Office, or may be downloaded from theWorld Athletics website, contains moredetailed and defined specifications forplanning and construction of Short Trackstadia including diagrams for track
measurement and marking.

Note (iii): The current standard forms
required to be used for the certification

Note (iii): The current standard forms
required to be used for the certification

Correct typos (add “:” andremove blanking space in thenumber of the Figure)In analogy to Note (ii) to Rule
35.3

Editorial

Green text after TR38.3
should be moved afterTR38.2
Consistency

Editorial

Notes (ii) and (iii) should beoutdented and renumberedas Note (i) and (ii), since they
belong to TR41 in generaland not only to TR41.4.
As a consequence thecurrent Note (i) has tobecome a simple Note(without any numbering).

Editorial

Editorial

Javelin Throw

Page 21 of 24

Editorialapplication and measurement report aswell as the Certification System
Procedures are available from the World
Athletics Office, or may be downloaded
from the World Athletics website.
TR43
TR43.4

Correct

TR44
TR44.6

Correct

TR44.7

Amend

TR45
TR45.3

Amend

TR52
TR52.6

Correct

application and measurement report aswell as the Certification System
Procedures are available from the World
Athletics Office, or may be downloaded
from the World Athletics website.
The Oval Track and Lanes
Note: For all Short Track competitions
Note: For all Short Track competitions
directly under World Athletics, the use of directly under World Athletics, the use of
an inside kerb is strongly recommended. an inside kerb is strongly recommended.
Start and Finish on the Oval Track
Note (i): In competitions other than those Note (i): In competitions other thanheld under paragraphs 1. (a), (b) (c) and those held under paragraphs 1. (a), (b),2. (a), (b) of the World Rankings(c) and 2. (a), (b) of the World Rankings
Competition definition, the participating
Competition definition, the participatingteams may agree not to use lanes for the teams may agree not to use lanes for
800m event.
the 800m event.
Its position shall be determined so thatIts position shall be determined so thatthe most advanced staggered start line in the most advanced staggered start line
the outside lane (400m races) should be in the outside lane (400m races) shouldin a position where the angle of banking be in a position where the angle ofshould not be more than 12 degrees.
banking should not be more than
12°degrees.
Seeding and Draw for Lanes in Track Events
For all other races, the lane order shall
For all other races, the lane order shallbe drawn in accordance with Rules
be drawn in accordance with Rules
20.4.1, 20.4.2 and 20.5 of the Technical 20.4.1, 20.4.2, 20.4.3 and 20.5 of theRules.
Technical Rules.
Shot Put
Information for manufacturers: to be
Information for manufacturers: to besmooth, the surface average height must smooth, the surface average heightbe less than 1.6μm, i.e. a roughness
must be less than or equal to 1.6μm,
number N7 or less.
i.e. a roughness number N7 or less.

Page 22 of 24

The entire Note should be initalics.

Editorial

Add missing comma after
first “(b)”Editorial

Consistency

Editorial

Consequence of theamendment from August –the seeding for straight races
is now described in TR20.4.3

Editorial

To be correct with thedefinition of N7

Editorial

TR54
TR54.4.1

Amend

In competitions held under paragraphs
1. and 2. of the World Rankings
Competition definition, the Chief Judge
has the power to disqualify an athlete in
the last 100m, when their mode ofprogression obviously fails to comply
with Rule 54.2 of the Technical Rules
regardless of the number of previous
Red Cards the Chief Judge hasreceived on that athlete.

Road Races
In competitions held under paragraphs
1. and 2. of the all World Rankings
Competitions definition, the Chief Judge
has the power to disqualify an athlete in
the last 100m, when their mode ofprogression obviously fails to comply
with Rule 54.2 of the Technical Rules
regardless of the number of previous
Red Cards the Chief Judge hasreceived on that athlete.

TR54.11.1

Correct

The circuit shall be no shorter than 1 km
and no longer than 2km.

The circuit shall be no shorter than 1 km
and no longer than 2km.

TR55
TR55.5Amend

For Road Relays, lines 50mm wide shallbe drawn across the course to mark thestart of each stage distance (scratchline). Similar lines shall be drawn 10m
before and 10m after the scratch line todenote the takeover zone. All takeoverprocedures, which, unless otherwise
specified by the organisers, shallcomprise a physical contact between theincoming and outgoing athletes, shall becompleted within this zone.

Road Races
For Road Relays, lines 50mm wide shallbe drawn across the course to mark thestart of each stage distance (scratchline). Similar lines shall be drawn 10m
before and 10m after the scratch line todenote the takeover zone. For all
takeovers, athletes are not permitted
to begin running outside theirtakeover zones, and shall start within
the zone. All takeover procedures,
which, unless otherwise specified by theorganisers, shall comprise a physicalcontact between the incoming andoutgoing athletes, shall be completed
within this zone. If an athlete does notfollow this Rule, their team shall bedisqualified.

Page 23 of 24

Extend the power of the
Chief Judge to all World
Rankings Competitions

Remove blanking space
between “1” and “km” forconsistency.

Editorial

To be clear

EditorialTR55.8.5

Amend

TR55.11

Amend

TR56
TR56.9Amend

The Organisers shall delineate, by
barriers, tables or markings on the
ground, the area from whichrefreshments can be received orcollected.
… that a funnel system such as that
described for Cross Country Races in
the commentary on Rule 56 of theTechnical Rules be used.
Judges and Timekeepers will
additionally be placed on either side of
the finish line and it is recommended
that, in order to follow up any appeal
relative to the finishing order, an official
with video recording equipment (ifpossible with a timing clock in sight)
shall be assigned and placed a few
metres after the finish line in order torecord the order in which the athletes
cross the line.

The Organisers shall delineate, by
barriers, tables or markings on the
ground, the area from whichrefreshments can be collected or
received received or collected.
… that a funnel system such as that
described for Cross Country Races in
the commentary green text on Rule 56of the Technical Rules be used.
Cross Country Races
Judges and Timekeepers will
additionally be placed on either side of
the finish line and it is recommended
that, in order to follow up any protest or
appeal relative to the finishing order, anofficial with video recording equipment(if possible with a timing clock in sight)
shall be assigned and placed a few
metres after the finish line in order torecord the order in which the athletes
cross the line.

Page 24 of 24

Consistent use of term“collected or received”

Editorial

Consistent use ofterminology

Editorial

Not only to follow up appeals,
but also to follow up protests

Editorial