Impact Measurement (External Stakeholders)
1. Sustainable Finance
The whole world is increasingly focusing on environmental, social and governance (ESG) and climate change challenges as they can adversely
impact people’s livelihoods and properties, disrupt supply chains, reduce competitiveness, and hamper sustainable development. The Bank, as afinancial intermediary, plays a significant role in driving sustainable development by supporting businesses and households to adapt and cope withchallenges, as well as the transition to a low-carbon economy, which in turn also create positive impacts to economy, environment, and society. Theseincludes establishing a responsible lending policy which entails setting up an exclusion list of loan applicants or activities that we do not provide credit
for; incorporating ESG risk and impact assessment into the loan approval framework to avoid negative impacts on the environment, human rights,community, etc.; promoting renewable energy loans, sustainability-linked loans, EV business loans, Bualuang Green Loan, Bualuang Green Solar
Energy Loan, etc. to support smooth transition to a low-carbon economy and mitigate global warming impacts; underwriting sustainability bonds thatcomply with international standards; and providing knowledge and building awareness on ESG and sustainable finance.
Climate change constitutes a major challenge which will significantly affect the economy, environment, society including human rights and ourcustomers. Our renewable energy loans for corporate customers contribute to positive environmental and social impacts. We promote renewableenergy businesses by supporting loans for investment in the production and transmission of electricity from renewable energy sources both
domestically and internationally. Financing these renewable energy sources will not only help mitigate negative climate impacts to society, businesses,and supply chain, but also improve quality of life for people living rural and remote areas who lack of access to traditional electricity.
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To calculate the impact of our renewable energy loan, we utilize the social cost of greenhouse gasses metric that includes the value of all futureclimate change impacts (both negative and positive), including changes in net agricultural productivity, human health effects, property damage fromincreased flood risk, changes in the frequency and severity of natural disasters, disruption of energy systems, risk of conflict, environmental migration,and the value of ecosystem services. The social cost of GHG, therefore, also reflects the societal net benefit of avoiding/reducing emissions of theGHG by a metric ton.

2External Impacts: Renewable Energy Loans

Output Metric

Quantitative Output Metric

Avoided GHG Total GHG emission avoided1emission
from renewable energy loans
is 2,726,295.30 tons of CO2
equivalent, which consists of:• Solar power -99,864.10
tons of CO2 equivalent• Hydro power 2,582,740.00 tons of CO2equivalent• Wind power -43,691.20
tons of CO2 equivalent

External
Stakeholders/Impact Areas
Evaluated• Environment• Society• Consumers

Type of Impact• Positive• Negative

Impact Valuation
ConductedImpact Metric

Quantitative Impact MetricSocial cost avoided Avoided social cost Total social cost of GHG 2of GHG
avoided is 19,742,851,744.82
Baht, which comes from:• Solar power 723,179,310.14 Baht
• Hydro power 18,703,277,873.59 Baht
• Wind power 316,394,561.09 Baht

1The amount of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission avoided is calculated by using Emission Factor of Electricity Generation and Electricity Consumption Version 3, issued by Thailand Voluntary
Emission Reduction Program (T-VER).
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The avoided social cost of GHG is calculated using the tool available at https://costofcarbon.org/calculator. The estimated social cost of emitting one additional metric ton of CO2 equivalent ($208per metric ton of CO2 equivalent in 2023 USD), is from EPA. 2% discount rate and the exchange rate of 34.80 Baht per USD are used in the calculation.
32. Inclusive FinanceWe recognize the importance of inclusive finance by making various financial products and services accessible and affordable to everyone,
besides driving positive economic and social impacts. By having adequate financial inclusion and financial literacy as a strong financial foundation, it
helps to strengthen financial stability, reduce inequality and poverty, and uplift wellbeing of individuals, households, and society, as well as creating
new business opportunities to the Bank. Thus, we provide and promote inclusive finance and financial literacy for all groups of people which fit to theirneed, lifestyle and usage. The products and services include 1.) banking agents distributed across Thailand which benefit people living in ruralcommunities and remote area and those who are not able to access online banking services; 2.) a special function on Bualuang ATM to provide
convenience and safe financial transaction for visually-impaired people; 3.) a variety of financial services through Bangkok Bank Mobile Banking topromote financial inclusion anytime anywhere and meet the needs and lifestyles of all groups of customers; 4.) Basic Banking Account for people withlower incomes under the State Welfare Program and those aged 65 and over with no charge for account opening, no minimum deposit requirement,no account maintenance fee and no annual fee for debit card linked to the account; 5.) loans for pensioners, SMEs, and farmers; 6.) providing financial
knowledge for customers, people, university students and the public; and 7.) providing financial knowledge and guidance on financial management
through “Unlocking Debt – Happy Retirement” project.
Household debt is a longstanding problem in Thailand, limiting the country to reach its growth potential. High and persistent household debt
has led to financial vulnerability and barrier to access to finance from formal sources for many households. Therefore, we emphasize the importanceof providing financial knowledge to alleviate household debts especially among vulnerable groups. We have been partnering with Noburo Platform(Noburo), a social startup, to launch the Unlocking Debt – Happy Retirement project as an initiative to encourage responsible spending and repaymentof excessive debts including those from loan sharks. By providing necessary knowledge, guidance and support, the project aims to help the employees4of participating companies to be able to save money for the future, tackle their debt problems, and improve their wellbeing. When designing theproject, besides the positive external impact of the project, we also consider a possible adverse side-effect i.e. the opportunity/time cost of the project
participants. The online learning platform available to all participants allows them to flexibly allocate their time to learning, helping minimizing theopportunity/time cost.

External Impacts: The Unlocking Debt – Happy Retirement ProjectOutput Metric

Quantitative Output
MetricNumber ofemployees fromparticipatingcompanies joining
the project

65 employees fromparticipatingcompanies joining
the project

External
Stakeholders/Type of Impact
Impact Areas
Evaluated• Society• Positive• Consumers/ end • Negativeusers• External
employees(Companies
participating inthe project)

Impact Valuation
Conducted
Access to
product/service withpositive impact
provided

Impact Metric
Total amount of debt
repayment

Quantitative Impact
MetricTotal amount of debtrepayment is3,653,633 Baht

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