Human Resources Development in Nuclear Field in Japan
Yasushi Seki
Nuclear Technology and Education Center
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institutehttp://nutec.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/panfu/english.htm
In this report, the recent topics in the nuclear field and related human resources
development (HRD) in Japan and the comments on the items proposed for discussion in the2003 FNCA HRD Workshop in Thailand are presented.
1.

Recent topics in the nuclear field and related Human Resources Development(HRD)
The electricity blackout in Tokyo had been forecasted for the summer of 2003 because
all seventeen Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) of the Tokyo Electric Power Company were
shutdown since August 2002 due to the disclosure of the falsified self- inspection data of
BWR reactor components such as core shroud. An extensive campaign was carried out toconserve energy and to reduce the use of electricity by raising the room temperature of air
conditioning and closing down factories and offices on hot summer days. Fortunately someof the NPPs without any actual problem could restart operation after the review by theregulatory office and consent by the local governments. With these measures and also theextraordinarily cool summer, the worried electricity blackout could be mitigated and also theimportance of the nuclear power was recognized by much of the public.
On January 2003, Kanazawa branch of the Nagoya High Court issued the judicial rulingto nullify the construction license of prototype fast breeder reactor, Monju. The construction
license of Monju was granted after the process of strict safety examination of the reactor.
The Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) hopes that the safety of the reactor
will be fully confirmed in the Supreme Court to which the case was brought by the Japanese
Government.
JAERI and JNC are scheduled to be unified in FY2005 to form an Independent
Administrative Corporation. The final report on the unification has been published in
September 2003 and the Law for the Unification will be passed during FY2004. The Human
Resources Development (HRD) in the Nuclear Field is stated to be one of the importantmissions of the new unified Independent Administrative Corporation. The report urges the
new Corporation to have closer cooperation with the universities and industries instrengthening the HRD mission and also to enhance the technology transfer and HRD

1cooperation with the Asian countries.
2.

Development of training material in radiation protection area to be used commonly
in member countries
In the minutes of the 2002 FNCA Workshop on HRD, one of the action items for FY
2003 is to develop training material in radiation protection area to be used commonly inmember countries. As the first step toward the development of the common training material,some lecture material used in the Joint Training Courses with BATAN, OAP, VAEC andNuTEC, JAERI have been uploaded in the internet home page of NuTEC, JAERI(http://nutec.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/english/e031.htm). Project Leaders (PLs) are requested toreview the material and to give comments for improvement. Based on the result of thereview by the PLs, further uploading of the training materials will be carried out in the future.
It should be discussed whether or not to continue and enhance this activity to include similar
contribution of such material from other member countries. The specification and the needof the material should be further discussed.
3.

Introduction of e-learning system as the development subject of nuclear training
technology
In this age of internet, the possibility of introducing an e- learning system to promote
HRD in nuclear field was discussed in the 2002 HRD Workshop and it was agreed to start asurvey of appropriate CD-ROMs which could be used for HRD.
The possibility of introducing an e- learning system should be further discussed in thecontext of the Asian Network on Nuclear Technology (ANENT) proposed by Korea in the
IAEA framework, the Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN) also proposed by the IAEA
and World Nuclear University (WNU).
4.

Investigation of basic data on HRD in nuclear field in member countries
It has been proposed at the Third FNCA Coordinators Meeting in 2002 that the HRD
Project should investigate the basic data on HRD in nuclear field in member countries sothat the data could be used to develop HRD strategy. The request for investigation has been
sent to the FNCA Coordinators and the HRD Project Leaders of member countries and theresults of the investigation were presented at FY2002 HRD workshop. However, the basic
data presented by some countries were not sufficient to enable meaningful comparison and it
was decided to continue the basic data investigation for another year in addition to theinvestigation of data on education systems such as nuclear related departments ofuniversities. It was also planned in the last workshop to discuss in the 2003 HRD Workshop

2how the collected basic data could be utilized for the formulation of HRD strategy.
In the Fourth FNCA Coordinators Meeting in 2003, the HRD in nuclear field has been
discussed and found to be so important that it has been decided to hold a higher levelmeeting in the FNCA framework to discuss this topic in the near future. The HRD Project is
asked to hold a preliminary discussion on the HRD strategy in the 2003 workshop so as topave the way for the higher level meeting.
The basic data investigated for Japan have been improved in the following area.
(1) More precise numbers of graduate and undergraduate students and faculty members foreach of the nuclear related departments in the universities have been investigated asshown in the Table 1.
(2) The information on the academic associations and societies related to nuclear field has
been collected in the Table 2.
(3) In addition to the basic data directly related to human resources, the data related to thestrategy for nuclear utilization such as the data on research reactors, the data on the levelof the application of RI and radiation in medicine, agriculture, industry and environment
and the future plan to construct NPPs, the number of NPPs being constructed and NPPs
under operation have been collected and tabulated for each country. This comparison
table has been sent to each FNCA Coordinators and HRD PLs for review prior to the2003 Workshop.
5.

HRD status and strategy
In Japan, many of the experienced nuclear engineers and scientists who haveconstructed nuclear power plants and developed the application methodology of RI andradiation, are aging and retiring. Also with the decrease in the construction of nuclear power
plants and decrease in the nuclear energy research expenditures, it is becoming moredifficult to maintain the present level of capability in designing and manufacturing of
nuclear facilities.
On the other hand, the educational infrastructures in the universities such as nuclear
research reactors and the facilities where handling of radioactive materials is permitted, aredeteriorating due to the difficulties to meet the more strict regulatory requirements. With thedecrease in the popularity of nuclear energy and maturing of nuclear technology it is
becoming more difficult to attract sufficient number of promising young individuals tonuclear field. There is a strong concern in the future supply of capable human resources in
the nuclear field. It is feared that the knowledge and expertise necessary for securing safetyof nuclear power plants and radiation application could not be sufficiently preserved andtransferred to the next generation.

3

In order to cope with the above situation, several proposals are being considered andsome new systems are already being worked out.
The joint establishment of a graduate school to educate the core members of nuclear
engineers and regulatory officers are being considered with close cooperation between someuniversities and the new unified corporation to be formed by JAERI and JNC in FY2005.
There are several similar plans to jointly establish graduate schools for the nuclear
technology and sciences in the areas having various nuclear installations and universities.
One of such plans is to establish a graduate school aiming to utilize strong neutron beam
generated by the intense proton accelerator, J-PARC which is being constructed in
Tokai- mura jointly with JAERI and KEK.
Furthermore, there is also a plan to establish a Nuclear Education System Network(NesNET) to serve as the focal organization to enhance better cooperation and coordinationof maintenance teams for NPPs, nuclear education and training centers and infrastructures in
the industries, universities and national research institutions.
In addition, a new qualification system for Professional Engineers in the Nuclear andRadiation Field has been established. This will become effective in 2004 as a nationa lqualification to certify the professional level of nuclear and radiation engineers.
6.

International Training Courses in Japan for FY2003
Review of the International HRD programs for Nuclear Science and Technology under
the sponsorship of MEXT, i.e. MEXT Nuclear Researchers Exchange Program, Seminar for
Nuclear Administrators, International Seminar on Nuclear Safety, International Training
Program for Atomic Energy Safety Technology and Nuclear Safety Expert Dispatching
Program are being carried out. The MEXT Nuclear Researchers Exchange Program has been
conducted for 18 years since it was started in FY1985. The program is presently being
reexamined to adjust to the changing needs. The Table 3 on the International Training
Courses in Japan in FY2003 is attached.

4

Table 1 Survey of University Education Institutions(1) Graduate School
EstablishedYear

As of April in FY2002
Number of Student
Registered
Graduated
Student in
Graduated
Foreign Student
FY2002*Student
Master Doctor
Master Doctor

Number of Faculty

Graduate
School ofEngineering

Quantum Energy
Engineering (Nuclear
Engineering, 1971)

1996 61 (21)

12 (10)

681

15

7

703

9

8

0

13

TohokuUniversity

School ofEngineering

Quantum Science andEnergy Engineering(Nuclear Engineering,
1958)

1996 75 (35)38 (17)

MC: 745
DC: 133

19

13 1,023

8

9

0

7

Graduate
School of
Science,Faculty of
SciencePhysics

1994 154 (91) 103 (46)

257

24

19

0

26

The
Universityof Tokyo

Graduate
School ofEngineering

Quantum Engineeringand Systems Science(Nuclear Engineering,
1964)

1993 96 (31)Tokyo
Institute o f
Technology

Graduate
School of
Science andEngineering

Nuclear Engineering

Graduatein 2002:36
1957 60 (30)52
(7+alpha)
MC: 60
DC: 35

15

NagoyaUniversity

Graduate
School ofEngineering

Nuclear Engineering

1970 41 (18)11

38 (15)955

12 (5)

721*: ( ) in Registered Student in FY2002 indicate enrollment limit for a single year

5

19

Total

Lecturer

Professor

Notes

30

Number of
24 GraduatedStudents
include thenumber of
students in
69 the former
dept.

9

5

1

8

Same
faculties as
23
for undergraduate

Interlocking
284 Dean 1

11

0

15

40

2

0

5

12

62 1,170

26

Assistant

Hokkaido
University

Assistant
Professor

Graduate
Department

Total

Graduate
SchoolSubject (indicates
former name,established year)

14
8

793

5

Data as ofMay, 2002

Nuclear Engineering

1957 42 (19)14 (9)

310*1

10*2

Osaka
University

Graduate
School ofEngineering

Nuclear Engineering

1957 45 (20)

24 (10)

1,049

Kobe
UniversityofMercantile
MarineGraduate
School of
Maritime
Science andTechnology

Power Systems
Engineering （firstsemester for doctor's
degree) (Nuclear
Engineering, 1977)

1990 29 (11)(4)

KyushuUniversity

Graduate
School ofEngineering

Dept. of Applied
Quantum Physics andNuclear Engineering(Nuclear Engineering,
1971)

1998 55 (25)Inter disciplinary
Graduate
School ofEngineering
Sciences

Advanced Energy
Engineering Science(Energy andEnvironmental
Engineering, 1979)

1998 70 (34)Musashi
Institute ofTechnology

Graduate
School ofEngineering

Tokai
University

Graduate
School ofEngineering
Total

Notes

*1*2*3:since 1990

3684

5

3

1

6

15

6

2 1,126

4

5

1

4

14

168

9

0

206

4

5

0

2

11

34 (12)

596

17

8

710

11

11

0

11

33

26 (16)

96

1

2

195

5

5

0

7

Graduated
17 student since
1998

Energy Science andNuclear Engineering(Atomic Energy
Engineering, 1981)

Appliedto start
2002 46 (20)in
FY2003

135

5

0

186

13

2

2

0

17

Applied Science(Nuclear Engineering,
established in 1963)

2001 33 (20)

323

362

10

3

0

0

13

807

6 (4)
343

8*3

Total

Graduate
School ofEngineering

Assistant

Kyoto
University

Lecturer

Subject (indicates
former name,established year)

Assistant
Professor

Graduate
Department

Professor

Graduate
SchoolNumber of Faculty
Total

EstablishedYear

Number of Student
Registered
Graduated
Student in
Graduated
Foreign Student
FY2002*Student
Master Doctor
Master Doctor

7,399*: ( ) in Registered Student in FY2002 indicate enrollment limit for a single year6318

(2) University

Lecturer

Registered
Graduated
Graduated
Student in
ForeignStudent
FY2002*Student

Assistant

Number of Faculty
Assistant
Professor

Number of Student
Professor

Subject(indicated former name, established year)

EstablishedYear

As of April in FY2002

Department

Hokkaido
University

Faculty ofEngineering

Dept. of Nuclear Engineering1967

119 (40)

1,283

1

-

-

-

-

-

TohokuUniversity

School ofEngineering

Dept. of Quantum Science and Energy
Engineering(Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1962）1996

98 (35)

1,375(1,192)

6 (3)

-

-

-

-

-

The
Universityof Tokyo

School ofEngineering

Dept. of Systems Innovation (Dept. of
Nuclear Engineering, 1960)

2000

80 (40)1,272

1School ofEngineering

Physical Science and Engineering[Quantum Science and Energy
Engineering Course] (Dept. of Nuclear
Engineering, 1966)

156 (about
45)
Sophomore:
1993
52
Junior: 41
Senior: 63

321

0NagoyaUniversity*: ( ) in Registered Student in FY2002 indicate enrollment limit for a single year

7

Total

University

Notes

Faculties
belong to
Graduate
SchoolNumber of
Graduated
Students
include thenumber of
students inthe former
dept.
Faculties
belong to
Graduate
School0101Number of
2 Faculty is asof May, 2002

OsakaUniversity

School ofEngineering

Dept. of Electronic, Information andEnergy Engineering (Dept. of Nuclear
Engineering, 1962) (Subdivided from
Sophomore)

1994[Energy and Quantum Engineering Div.]

2003

Total

Engineering Science [Energy
Science/Nuclear Engineering Course](Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1958)

Assistant

Faculty ofEngineering

Lecturer

Kyoto
University

Registered
Graduated
Graduated
Student in
ForeignStudent
FY2002*Student

Assistant
Professor

Subject(indicated former name, established year)

Number of Faculty
Professor

Department

EstablishedYear

University

Number of Student

46 (20)

1,185

5*

-

-

-

-

-

144 (40)

1,237

0

-

-

-

-

-

Kobe
UniversityofMercantile
MarineFaculty ofMarineDept. of Power Systems Engineering(Nuclear Engineering, 1972)1990

147 (30)

880

6

-

-

-

-

-

KyushuUniversity

Faculty ofEngineering

Dept. of Energy Science and Engineering(Nuclear Engineering, 1967)

1998

150 (100)

1,204

3

-

-

-

-

-

Tokai
University

School ofEngineering

Dept. of Applied Science, Course of Energy
Engineering (Dept. of Nuclear
2001
Engineering, 1971)

231 (80)

3,407

Kinki
University

School of
Science andEngineering

Dept. of Electrical & Electronic
Engineering, Energy Engineering Course(Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, closed in2003)

276 (60)

2,690

1,447

14,8542002

Total*: ( ) in Registered Student in FY2002 indicate enrollment limit for a single year

8

0

Notes

*Registered
ForeignStudent is
enrollment

5

4

1

0

10

5

3

3

0

11

23

Table 2 Survey of Academic Associations and Societies in the Nuclear Field
As of March 31, 2003
Academic Associations and Societies and Association

The Number of Regular
Member (including
Established Year Supporting Member
Firm*)The Number ofStudent Member

Total

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

1959

7,149

335

7,484

The Physical Society of Japan

1877

18,41470

18,484The Japan Society of Applied Physics

1946

23,217384

23,601The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research

1983

1,485

265

1,750

The Laser Society of Japan

1973

1,614

-

1,614

Japan Health Physics Society

1961

1,125

20

1,145

The Japan Radiation Research Society

1959

1,017

160

1,177

Japanese Society of Radiological Technology

1942

16,314354

16,668Japanese Society of Radiation Safety Management

2001

338

10

348

Japan Radiological Society

1950

7,446

-

7,446

Japan Society of Nuclear Medicine

1964

3,550

50

3,600

The Chemical Society of Japan

1878

30,494

5,568

36,062The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

1952

7,547

1,004

8,551

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

1897

34,7794,379

39,158The Japan Institute of Metals

1937

5,924

1,337

7,261

The Society of Materials Science, Japan

1952

3,221

152

3,373

Heat Transfer Society of Japan

1961

1,367

125

1,492

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

1888

23,6972,667

26,364

188,698

16,880205,578

Total
Notes: Supporting Member Firm is counted as one member per firm.

9Table 3 International Training Courses in Japan for Asian Countries

MEXT

Sponsor

Training Course

Host

A. Intl. Seminar of Nuclear
SafetyRADA

Purpose

Duration &Participants

Total
number ofparticipants up to2002

554(271 from
Asian
countries)(1) Course on Safety Analysis(1998~)

To provide technologies ofsafety design and analysis
for various kinds of nuclear
facilities.

2 weeks,
7(2) Course on Facility
Management (2002~)

To provide nuclear safetyadministration
andregulation, operation andmaintenance of nuclear
facilities,
emergency
preparedness and safety
training of employees.

2 weeks,
7(3) Course on Radiation
Application (2002~)

To provide wide knowledge
for nuclear administrationsuch as reactor R&D
project, safety concepts indesign, construction andoperation,
radioactive
waste
management,
radiation application andpublic acceptance.

1weeks,5(4) Course on Nuclear
Administration (2002~)

To provide administration
and regulation in radiation
applications as well as theirapplication technologies

2 week,8(5) Course on Dissemination of
Nuclear Knowledge (2002~)

To
provideeffective
methods for disseminationof nuclear and radiation
knowledge,
concentrating
in tools, practices andlecturesforschooleducation.

1 week,
5

10

MEXT

Sponsor

Training Course

Host

B. Intl. Atomic Energy Safety
Technology Training Project(1) Bilateral Joint Training
Course (JTC)
1) JTC at BATAN• Radiation Protection
Course (1997~)• Radiation Measurement
and Nuclear Spectroscopy
Course (1997~)• Maintenance of Research
Reactor Course (2002~)• Application of Nuclear
Technique in Industry andEnvironment Reliable for
the Safety of Nuclear
Facility (2003~)

NuTEC,
JAERI

Purpose

Duration &Participants

To enhance technical skills
and safety culture byindependence of nuclear 2 weeks,
20/course
training administration

Total
number ofparticipants up to
2002

113
121

20~30

15

20

0

2) JTC at OAP• Radiation Protection
Course (1998~)• Nuclear Technology andApplication Course (1998~)• Nuclear and Radiological
Emergency Preparedness
course (2003~)

2 weeks,
20/course

983) JTC at VAEC
• Radiation Protection
Course (2001~)• Radiation Measurement
and Nuclear Spectroscopy
Course (2001~)

2weeks,20/course

94

40
40

(2) Instructor Training
Program (ITP)

To enhance technical skills 2 months,
and safety culture by 1~2/country
independence of nuclear
training administration(3) Safeguards Training Course(1996~)

To provide IAEA safeguards& particular techniques(4) Workshop on Extended
Shutdown andDecommissioning (2003)1127

3 weeks,
16/course

109

1 week,24/workshop0SponsorC.

Training Course

Host

PurposeSeminar for Nuclear
Administrators (1987~) *1

JAIF

To
introduce
Japaneseexperience and to exchange
their experience and opinion
among the participating
countries in nuclear energy
development and utilizationformiddle-levelorhigh-level administrators

MEXT

D. Nuclear Safety Experts
Dispatching Program (inAsian region) (1995~)(1) Long-term program

The Nuclear Researchers
Exchange Program Between
Neighboring
Countries(1985~)

About 10days,
About 10persons

136

To improve nuclear safety 1.2~4
throughexchangeof months/
technical knowledge
1~2

13

To discuss on the specified 1 week,
topics with experts from 1~6variousorganizations,
during Long-term program((1)and (2) are linked
together to make thisprogram effective).

41

NSRA

(2) Short-term program

E.

Duration &Participants

Total
number ofparticipants up to
2002

JAERI
JNC
NIRS
NIMS
JCAC*2AIST

To invite foreign researchersatnational
nuclearinstitutes in Japan and to
dispatch
Japanese
researchers
toforeigncountries for joint study on
related subjects

Invitation:
2 months~
1 year,Maximum
dispatch:
2 months*1 Concluded in FY2002*2 JCAC did not participate in this Program in FY2002*3 The number of visiting researchers and dispatch of Japanese researchers carried over tonext FY is included
12

Invitation:
1,269*3
Dispatch:
602*3
(The
Number of
Dispatch)Sponsor

Training Course

Host

F. International Cooperation
Program for Safety
Management at NPPs
(1) Nuclear Safety Management
Course (3 courses)

JEPIC

Purpose

Duration &Participants

To enhance nuclear safety of 2~4 weeks/
NPPs
courseTotalnumber ofparticipants up to
2002

45

METI

(2) Specific Subject Course (6courses)(Countermeasures to Human
Errors in NPP, Equipment
Diagnosis Technology,
Radiation Control andRadioactive Waste Disposal
etc.)(3) Seminar in Participating
Countries (4 times)

1 week/time About 250

G. Long-term Training Course NUPEC
on Safety Regulation and
Safety Analysis/Inspection(1996~)(1) Safety
Regulation
andSafety Analysis Course(2) Safety
Regulation
Inspection Course

and

To
learn
various 2~3
requirementsforthe months,
establishmentofsafety 4~5
regulations,standards,
criteria, etc. from lecturesabout
generalsafetyregulations
fornuclearpower generation in Japan
and
OJT
for
safetyanalysis/inspection for thestaffs of nuclear regulatory
authorityofChinesegovernment.

13

47

Sponsor

Training Course

Host

PurposeH. Training Courses in the
Nuclear Field(1) Nuclear Technology (1985~) *4 NuTEC To acquire Radioisotope and1) A GroupTokyo
Radiation handling skill

JICA2) B Group

Duration &Participants

1.5 months,
6~10

Total
number ofparticipants up to2002

149

NuTEC To Acquirer Nuclear Reactor
Tokaiengineering skill(2) Nuclear Power Generation
Basic (1985~)

JEPIC
JAPC

To
improveplanning, 2 months,
design,construction, 5~7
operationandsafetymeasures of NPP

101(3) Seminar on Nuclear Safety
and Regulation (1987~) *5

JAIF

To enhance nuclear safety
and regulation in generalforsafetycontrolofradiation

1 month,5~10

109(4) Environmental Radioactivity
analysis and Measurement(1990~)

JCAC

To
acquirepractical 1 month,knowledge of environmental 4~6radioactivity analysis andmeasurement

61(5) Human-Radiation Interface;
Application and Safety ofRadiation
inMedical,
Biological,
andEnvironmental Sciences. *6

NIRS

To acquire knowledge on 1 month,
HumanRadiation 8~9/2years
relationship in view of
medical,biologicalandenvironmental sciences

31*4 Concluded in FY2002*5 Concluded in FY2002*6 No plan in FY2003

14

MEXT

IAEA / RCA

SponsorTraining Course

Host

Purpose

Duration &Participants

Total
number ofparticipants up to2002

Enhancement and HarmoniNIRS
zation of Radiation Protection
RAS/9/006,
RAS/9/018,
RAS/9/029
JAERI
Tokai
JNC

To acquire knowledge and 1 week,
22
techniques required in the 10 (FY2003)
radiation protection

Nuclear Medicine Application NIRS
(RCA) (RAS/6/028) (1997~)*7

To acquire knowledge andtechniquesinnuclearmedicine

16

LDR and HRDR Brachytherapy Gunma
in Treating Cervical Cancer Uni.
(RAS/6/035) (2001~)
and
NIRS

To acquire knowledge and 1 week,
techniques in radiotherapy 18 (FY2003)
of uterine cervical cancer(RCA
trainings inmedicine J1
and J2 are
not planned
every year.)44

On the Job Training on TRCRE
Radiation Processing (1978~)To acquire knowledge and MEXT:
techniques required in the 6~12
radiation processing
months,10~15
Bilateral:1~
12 months,
3~5
RCA/IAEA:
1~2 weeks,
2~5

K. Graduate Course in Dept. of Tokyo
Nuclear Engineering
InstituteofTech(1) General Graduate Course
nologyTo acquire fundamental
knowledge
ofNuclearEngineering and to master
professional ability

5days
15(FY2003)(2) Intl. Graduate Course*7 No plan in FY2003

15

210

Sponsor

Training Course

Host

Duration

L. Graduate School Educations

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(1) Invitation Fellowships
Research in Japan

Tokyo
Institutfor eofTechnology

Purpose

Short-term: To exchange 14~60 days
scientific and technicalinformation(Requirement:
To
hold
a
doctorate degree, which musthave been received within six
years)

Long-term:Todevelop 6~10
excellent professors and months
researchers
throughcooperative research(2) Post Doctoral Fellowships
for Foreign Researchers

To develop young excellent 12~24
professors and researchers months
throughcooperative
research(Requirement:
To
hold
a
doctorate degree, which musthave been received within six
years)(3) Ronpaku (Dissertation Ph.D)
Program(Requirement: To have excellent
research activities)

To get a doctoral degree Up to fivethrough the dissertation years
research Period Up to five The Rnpaku
years
fellowmakes onevisit of up to
90 days per
year

ETL: Electrochemical Laboratory
JAERI: Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
JAIF: Japan Atomic Industrial Forum, Inc.
JAPC: The Japan Atomic Power Company
JCAC: Japan Chemical Analysis Center
JEPIC: Japan Electric Power Information Center, Inc.
JICA: The Japan International Cooperation Agency
JNC: Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Corporation
MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
MITI: Ministry of International Trade and Industry
NIRS: National Institute of Radiological Sciences
NRIM: National Research Institute for Metals
NSRA: Nuclear Safety Research Association
NUPEC: Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation
NuTEC: Nuclear Technology and Education Center
RADA: Radiation Application Development Association
TRCRE: Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment
16

Total
number ofparticipants up to2002