ISAIA:International Symposium on Architectural Interchange in Asia

2012

A Study on Actual Situation of the Disaster in the Nuclear Power Generation DisasterVillage, Iitate and Villager Action and on Support Activity
Koji Itonaga 1 , Kenji Uragami 2 Masataka Seki 2, Naoki Fujisawa 3
1Professor, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Japan
2Researcher, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Japan
3Lecturer, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Japan

Abstract
This study is a detailed study on disaster actual situation and refuge actual situation in Iitate village, Fukushimathat suffered great damage by the nuclear plant accident by the East Japan great earthquake disaster.
Thewriters are concerned with the rural planning of Iitate for about twenty years and performs the continuous
support activity since this disaster. This study is a disaster support study related to the disaster spot and closeness.
From specialty of the radiation hazard, we suggest the long-term refuge and revival plan by building two
residence areas to the local government and villagers.
The main subject is an attitude survey of refuge villagers of Iitate. The contents are consciousness of theinhabitants about dissatisfaction to a temporary house and returning to village or emigrationfrom the village in future. The villagers showed the dissatisfaction to the building in the temporary house, theuneasiness to a connection of the community, worry of the health caused by the radioactivity. 40% of thevillager has the strong intention to returning to the village. In contrast,70% realizes the difficulty of returningand hope for the moving to safe area and the construction of a new village there.
Keywords: East Japan great earthquake disaster, Nuclear plant accident, Iitate, Emigration, Revival reproduction
1. Preface
The accident of the Tokyo Electric Power Company
Fukushima first Nuclear Power Plant brought
radioactive contamination in Iitate village, Fukushima
of northwest approximately 28-45km. The writers
worked on support for the village administration
during the period for approximately 20 years. By therelations, we performed "Iitate support team" to asetup on March 16 of2011, and have supported thelocal government and villagers.
2．Ecological village of the villagers participation
The writer supported the making of ecologicalvillage of Iitate for approximately 20 years. Thevillage accounts for an average of 450m above sea
level, approximately 75% of total area 230.13km2 isforest and rural area of the gentle topography. Thepopulation is approximately 6,100 people, around
1,700 households. Every 20 settlement made theContact Author:
Koji Itonaga, Professor of Nihon university in Japan
252-0880 Kameino Fujisawa-shi Kanagawa-ken Japan
Tel: +81 466-84-3697 Fax:+81 466-84-3697
e-mail: itonaga@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp(The publisher will insert here: received, accepted )planning of "the quality life in village" on the fourthgeneral village formal plan (from 1995 to 2004) , andthe local government gave the every settlement 10
million yen for activity.. In the fifth general plan (from2005 to 26), the new theme was the low life, "MADEI
LIFE" and aimed for the realization of the living withnature and the agriculture. From 2008, the local
production for local consumption of the energy began
to utilize as fuel of the tip boiler of the nursing homeof the villages" MADEI" means slowly and carefully. as a dialectof the village. Beside the local government office,we built "MADEI Living Center" as the energy-saving
model eco house which realized natural andagricultural life. It is one of the models of 20 houses ofwhole country of Ministry of the Environment. There
are a vegetable garden, an orchard, a waterway, a pondwith a pumping windmill, too. Because winter is cold,
we carry out the insulation of basics, walls, windows,ceilings and roof. It is the model house which theeco-techniques such as the dirt floor heating with thefirewood boiler, the solar panel. Five years later, it wasthe plan that NPO run. For global warming, a problem

of the peak oil, we want to show the rural eco-life andcame for the realization of the lifestyle of theagriculture that could not come true in the city. Iitate is
the village where it came to for the realization of acareful living beautifully.

Ph1, a rural scenery of Iitate, the spring of 2010, before
suffering

Ph2, a rural scenery of Iitate, the spring of 2012, after suffering

3. Work on the actual situation of the radioactive
contamination and a variety of our support
I stood and put up quickly Iitate support team fromthe great earthquake disaster in NPO-ECOLOGYARCHISCAPE(Ｉam the head," EAS"). We sent therefuge advice to the village, the our radioactivity
damage situation survey, advice for revival
reproduction, emigration suggestion. EAS cooperated
with Dr. Imanaka of Kyoto University, the scholar of
atomic energy of the anti-nuclear power generationgroup, on 29th on March 28, 2011 and carried out
aerial dose rate investigation and soil analysis in thewhole village. The acuteness of the Chernobyl level
was pointed out in the southern soil analysis of thevillage and showed radioactive contamination findingsin the village authorities. However, because the village

mayor, the village authorities didn't like to show it tovillagers, we opened it on Web of EAS.
We requested urgent refuge action anddecontamination measures in the whole village to thevillage mayor and the government from the beginningof April. We have done a radioactive contamination
situation investigation in the whole village and theattitude survey of the refuge villager, supported to"MAKENEIDO Iitate", which is the villagers actiongroup.
75% of Iitate is the forest. The radiocesium that
half-life was 30 years fell there. The decontaminationof the forest is not easily possible. Long-term
decontamination is necessary. The village authorities
should not give priority to decontamination and should
give priority to emigrate to the safe place out of avillage, and to build the new villages outside and tocome back in the long term. I suggested these "twoarea residence 100 years designs".
We must make the long plan and action for a longtime to recover this difficult problem, and support for
the long time. As for the present conditions, it is withcomplicated support activity while I include strain
relations with the local government from difference inrecognition for the risk of the radiation.
The our support activity is follows.
(1) Information to the village authorities, about
radioactive contamination findings, decontaminationsuggestion and refuge, and information to medias,(2) Collect money for the village, give the money tothe local government and villager volunteer groups,(3) Radioactivity survey with the expert researchers of
the radioactivity, and the disclosure,(4) Study session of the health and radioactivity, andsupport to make the record book for health toradioactivity by "MAKENEIDO",(5)New villages plan, de-centralized village
construction including houses and agriculture field andsuggestion of two area residence for a long time,(6) Attitude survey of refuge villagers, and plan ofrevival reproduction of the village,(7) Summer and spring camping of children and family
for refresh and establishment of a group of mothers toprotect children.
(8) Artwork shops of healing for villagers,(9) Support to make the community vegetable garden
near the temporary houses,

Ph3, radioactivity survey and measures symposium withvillagers , October, 2011

Fig1, Iitate radioactive contamination map, June, 2011, from our survey

Ph4, evacuation camping of children of Iitate, the summer of 2011

Ph5, Children taking care of the cows in evacuation camping, thesummer of 2011

Fig2, Iitate radioactive contamination map, June, 2012, from our survey(10) Establishment of villagers group to succeed totraditional food culture(11) The setting of the support room in Fukushimacity,

4. Division of community and family by refuge
1,715 households in the village before theearthquake disaster becomes 3,094 households by June,
2012, and household separation advances. 90%
households evacuate to the prefecture, and the inner
Fukushima city near the village occupies 57%. 603
households (20%) take it over in nine places of
temporary houses in the Fukushima-city and 1,607
households (50%) live by dispersing in a house, anapartment. There are many young households in theapartment in the city that the prefecture pays. whereas
there are many elderly people in the temporary
construction residential area, because the young
household evacuated early, the old household lately.
However, the aid package of the village authorities
to the young household living in separately is weak.

Ph5 The temporary house of villagers of Iitate

Ph6 the joint vegetable garden of villagers of Iitate

5. The tangle of the villager to decontamination,
return and emigration
We investigated the consciousness of the villagers in
the temporary houses in the beginning of October,2011 with cooperation of "MAKENEDO". The age isin its 80s from 20s and 60 years old or more were 60%,
women is 2 for men 1.People to "want to come back tothe village" were 40% degree, people who "whommight emigrate to outside the village" were 70%degree. It was a tangle of both thought. Some elderly
person talked that it is no suddenness taste he comeback to the village, and to live on the situation thatchildren and grandchildren cannot return. They wanted
to live with the family and they had the intention towant to improve the present situation that became thehousehold separation in the refuge.
Furthermore, I cooperated with the community
leader of Maeda settlement in the north of Iitate inMarch, 2012 and carried out the questionnaire to all
the inhabitants. I distributed the mail of 200 people
and obtained the answer of 131 people (65.5%). As forlevel "to regard as decontamination success", "the state
before the accident" is 47%."under 1mSv/year that acountry is based on the security of the time of peace"are 16%. As for the person of "under 20mSv/y that acountry assumed grounds of the premeditated refuge",
is 2%, "the standards that administration and an expert
judged regardless of numerical value if life is possible"
are 7%. This showed many villagers didn't understanda standard of 20mSv/y.
By the prediction of the time when thedecontamination at the relatively low point of theradiation dose of the village succeeds, "do notunderstand it at all", is 49%, The person preparing forlong-term life as an evacuee is 30%. The villageauthorities give priority to decontamination businesswith the goal of the return within 2-3 years. The
differences between village authorities andconsciousness of inhabitants are clear.
Villagers "want to continue living in a current
place of refuge" (temporary houses) are 30%,"(moving) to purchase or build a new house outside
the village, and wants to begin new life with family"is 20%. In 16% that "moved in the larger rental houseto continue life as an evacuee", these occupied threehigh ranks.18% of people approved of that they madea new emigration housing complex with communityunit.
As future measures, as for the matter (possible ananswer to three high ranks) which should take firstpriority except health measures, "compensation,compensation for the radioactivity pollution" is thehighest in 63%, "the examination of the new address tobe able to live for in peace" is 41% and "improvement
and enhancement of the life as an evacuee" is 37%. On
the other hand, "the thorough decontamination of thevillage" that the village authorities make much of is
the fourth in 35%. Not a decontamination measure,villagers hope for a policy to be able to live in peace
not a decontamination measure.
In addition, 3 new divisions and rezoning of thevillage which the government pushes forward "doesnot understand" 31% who "cannot understand" 50%,
and there are only 8% who "can understand". It may besaid that the rezoning of July 17 was forced without
victim inhabitants being able to understand.
6. Tangle of inhabitants in Nagadoro settlement of
the area of no return for five years
Nagadoro district located in the southern part ofIitate, highest radiation area dose, is not possible forthe return least more than five years and was appointed
in the area on July 17, 2012. A barricade is installed in
the doorway of the district. I carried out aquestionnaire to people of the family nurturer with theleader of Nagadoro in the middle of May, while thevillage authorities did not carry out the careful attitude
survey. We mailed it to 58 family nurturer andcollected it, and the number of the answers was 86% of

answers rate in 50 people in naming.
In the high rank of the hope place of long-term life
as an evacuee, "other areas that are near to Iitate" are44% and "a low dose of radioactivity district inFukushima city, Arai" are 34%. The life as an evacuee
hope to the place planning in the ruins that the villageauthorities decontaminated is low with 6%. The house
hope by the long-term refuge is high in the intention tobuild a house in individuals separately in 38%. Personof the intention that each person builds the house in thenew housing development of the community are 28%.
The individual house intention becomes 66% as things
mentioned above. In addition, the rented houseapplicant by the public support is 16% and theindividual house for revival public housing is 10%.
In long-term life as an evacuee, many generations
living together intention is 66%.Intention of the liferebuilding by the family unit is high. About the need ofthe plan of "the temporary village" by the community
unit, 44% approve of it. I did a question to real estatecompensation. The intention "to want to leave present"
is the highest in 30%. Intention to "want country andTokyo Electric to purchase all land" is 14%. Intention
to "want country and Tokyo Electric to borrow all land
while they evacuate" is 10%. Intention to want them toborrow a part or all the land is 24%. Purchase intention
is 16%, and intention to borrow it is high. But theperson who cannot yet judge it is 26%.

Fig. 3A figure ofimage of the refuge
village that the writer
suggestedISAIA:International Symposium on Architectural Interchange in Asia

7. Investigate a road of the long-term revival
reproduction by two area residence beyond thereturn method
Kremlin took a forced emigration plan at a nuclear
power generation disaster in Chernobyl, 1986. As formore than five mSv/year, ironhanded emigration ispushed forward, and, as a result, the area within 30km
does not become the compound by the present thatpassed for 25 years either. On the other hand, in Japan,"a temporary town design" in Futaba becomes thetopic of the policy, but cannot but say that anemigration measure is weak in Japan.
The prospect of decontaminating in the village
where 70% or more are covered in the forest is severe
and difficult. It may cause a disaster except theradioactivity to decontaminate a mountain in urgency
thoroughly. Wisdom of the adjustment between long
physical time for radioactivity collapse and the time ofthe human life is necessary.
We need the project which build the new village
which may be small where the occupation iscompatible with a living in the safe area. We may build
several places of de-centralized villages by the village
unit. There are a school, a nursery school, the place ofthe festival, a joint farm, a joint factory, a common
market, an interchange market where it will bepossible for villagers to reproduce living and work.
We need "two base rights of residence to revivefrom a nuclear power generation disaster". This is aright of radioactivity polluted people. It consists of thefollowing contents.
(1)Get a right of the refuge, a right of the newalternative village construction outside and return infuture, the three rights,(2)As proof of the medical security for the life of all
the inhabitants who suffered from, receive a grant of"radioactivity victim health maintenance notebook"(provisionally) from the country.
(3) Government and TEPCO mediate the place of thealternative village construction, and sets a periodical
lease over there and they pay the expense to build thehouses. Villagers can have two of a resident's card of
Iitate and the resident's card of new land.
(4) The alternative village will be built as an
eco-village by the renewable energy which realized theworking of traditional agriculture, MADEI life. After
return in future the village utilizes as an experienceeducation center of the good eco-life.
(5) A periodical lease from 30 through 50 is set on the2012

land of radioactivity polluted Iitate by government.
Government and TEPCO must pay villagers leasecharges. If villagers become able to return by adecontamination result, the government returns a rightof the land to a villager.
(6)Government will set up land use meeting withvillagers(administration)
andcarries
outdecontamination and management of the land which
did leased land and never makes the dumping places of
the radioactivity waste.
(7) For a periodical tenancy, villagers can come backto the village for home management, a visit to a grave,a festival timely.
8.Conclusion
The Iitate authorities devised a revival plan by theorganization of several villagers and well-informed
people in May. In the plan, the village authorities
thoroughly decontaminate the western part of thevillage and make "a smart village" newly there and letvillagers approximately 300 households return there
and let you live.
I recognize that villagers have hope to want to returnto the village early. On the other hand, under thesituation that a radiation hazard risk is undetermined in
the long term, villagers give up returning to the village
early. They hope to live with a family, a village,friends at the place that can feel relieved more. Thevillage authorities hold a participating workshop of thewhole villager. I think that they make alternative
revival plan with villagers and that Iitate succeed to amethod made with a village of the villager
participation in planning that many years built.
The village authorities should support it so thatvillagers have a variety of choice except the return andshould push forward a policy about the emigration ofvillagers and the residence in two areas. The
correspondence of a new regional plan is demanded todeal with a nuclear power generation disaster forcing
to long-term life as an evacuee.
(An address of gratitude: I thank villagers of Iitate,
Iitate government office, members of EAS, thecitizen who contributed money of support, students of
my laboratory.)