ENNERGY STAR® Prrogram Requireme
ents
for Data Ce
enter Storage
Partner Co
ommitmeents
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Following are the termss of the ENER
RGY STAR Partnership Ag
greement as it pertains to the manufactture
GY STAR qua
alified productts. The ENER
RGY STAR Pa
artner must adhere to theand labeling of ENERG
mitments:
following partner comm4

Qualifying Products

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1. Compply with curren
nt ENERGY STAR Eligibility Criteria, whhich define pe
erformance reequirements andponding Eligib
bilitytest procedures forr Data Centerr Storage. A liist of eligible products and their corresp
r can be found at www.en
nergystar.gov
v/specificationns.
Criteria

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2. Prior to associating the ENER
RGY STAR na
ame or markk with any prroduct, obtainn written
certificcation of ENE
ERGY STAR qualification from a Certificcation Body rrecognized byy EPA for Datta
er Storage. Ass part of this certification process, produ
ucts must be tested in a laboratory
Cente
A to perform Data Center Storage testin
ng. A list of EP
PA-recognize
ed laboratoriess andrecognized by EPA
cation bodies
s can be foundd at www.ene
ergystar.gov/ttestingandverrification.
certific

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Using thee ENERGY STAR Name and Marks

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3. Compply with curren
nt ENERGY STAR Identity
y Guidelines, which define how the ENE
ERGY STAR nameer is responsible for adheriing to these guidelines andd ensuring tha
at itsand marks may be used. Partne
orized represeentatives, such as advertising agencies,, dealers, andd distributors, are also inautho
AR Identity Gu
uidelines are a vailable at www.energysttar.gov/logouse.
compliance. The ENERGY STA

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4. Use th
he ENERGY STAR name and marks on
nly in associaation with qua
alified productts. Partner ma
ay notTAR Partner unless at leasst one producct is qualified and offered foorrefer to itself as an ENERGY ST
n the U.S andd/or ENERGYY STAR partner countries.
sale in

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5. Provid
de clear and consistent lab
beling of ENE
ERGY STAR q ualified Dataa Center Stora
age.

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Verifying Ongoing Prroduct Qualiffication

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6. Partic
cipate in third--party verifica
ation testing thhrough a Certtification Bodyy recognized by EPA for Data
Cente
er Storage, prroviding full coooperation an
nd timely resp
ponses, EPA//DOE may alsso, at its discrretion,

er shall adhere to the follow
wing product--specific com
mmitments reg
garding use off the ENERGY
PartneR certification mark on qualified productss:STAR
5.1. Partner must use the ENER
RGY STAR mark in all of t he following ways:
5.1.1.The ENE
ERGY STAR mark shall bee included on the product specification sheet on thes Web site whhere product information is displayed. This mark shall serve as aPartner’sk from the manufacturer’s specification s heet to the ENERGY STA
AR producthyperlink
website for Data Centter Storage;
5.1.2.The ENE
ERGY STAR mark shall bee used to iden
ntify qualified storage produ
ucts and storaage
ectronic and printed marketting collaterall materials, inncluding but nnotproduct families in ele
o user manuals, product gu
uides, and maarketing brochhures.
limited to
5.2. If additional in
nformation about the ENER
RGY STAR prrogram(s) or other productts provided byy thePartner on its Web site, Pa
artner must co
omply with thee ENERGY STAR Web Lin
nking Policy, which
can be found at www.energ
gystar.gov/pa
artners.

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TAR Program Re
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conduct tests on products that are referred to as ENERGY STAR qualified. These products may beobtained on the open market, or voluntarily supplied by Partner at the government’s request.

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Providing Information to EPA

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7. Provide unit shipment data or other market indicators to EPA annually to assist with creation of
ENERGY STAR market penetration estimates, as follows:

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7.1. Partner must submit the total number of ENERGY STAR qualified Data Center Storage shippedin the calendar year or an equivalent measurement as agreed to in advance by EPA and
Partner. Partner shall exclude shipments to organizations that rebrand and resell the shipments(unaffiliated private labelers).

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7.2. Partner must provide unit shipment data segmented by meaningful product characteristics (e.g.,
type, capacity, presence of additional functions) as prescribed by EPA.

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7.3. Partner must submit unit shipment data for each calendar year to EPA or an EPA-authorizedthird party, preferably in electronic format, no later than March 1 of the following year.

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Submitted unit shipment data will be used by EPA only for program evaluation purposes and will beclosely controlled. If requested under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), EPA will argue that thedata is exempt. Any information used will be masked by EPA so as to protect the confidentiality of thePartner;
8. Report to EPA any attempts by recognized laboratories or Certification Bodies (CBs) to influence
testing or certification results or to engage in discriminatory practices.

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9. Notify EPA of a change in the designated responsible party or contacts within 30 days using the My
ENERGY STAR Account tool (MESA) available at www.energystar.gov/mesa.

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Performance for Special Distinction

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In order to receive additional recognition and/or support from EPA for its efforts within the Partnership, the
ENERGY STAR Partner may consider the following voluntary measures, and should keep EPA informedon the progress of these efforts:
Provide quarterly, written updates to EPA as to the efforts undertaken by Partner to increaseavailability of ENERGY STAR qualified products, and to promote awareness of ENERGY STAR and
its message.

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Consider energy efficiency improvements in company facilities and pursue benchmarking buildings
through the ENERGY STAR Buildings program.

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Purchase ENERGY STAR qualified products. Revise the company purchasing or procurement
specifications to include ENERGY STAR. Provide procurement officials’ contact information to EPA
for periodic updates and coordination. Circulate general ENERGY STAR qualified product information
to employees for use when purchasing products for their homes.

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Feature the ENERGY STAR mark(s) on Partner website and other promotional materials. If
information concerning ENERGY STAR is provided on the Partner website as specified by the
ENERGY STAR Web Linking Policy (available in the Partner Resources section of the ENERGYSTAR website), EPA may provide links where appropriate to the Partner website.

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Ensure the power management feature is enabled on all ENERGY STAR qualified displays andcomputers in use in company facilities, particularly upon installation and after service is performed.

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Provide general information about the ENERGY STAR program to employees whose jobs are
relevant to the development, marketing, sales, and service of current ENERGY STAR qualified
products.

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Provide a simple plan to EPA outlining specific measures Partner plans to undertake beyond theprogram requirements listed above. By doing so, EPA may be able to coordinate, and communicate
Partner’s activities, provide an EPA representative, or include news about the event in the ENERGYSTAR newsletter, on the ENERGY STAR website, etc. The plan may be as simple as providing a listof planned activities or milestones of which Partner would like EPA to be aware. For example,
activities may include: (1) increasing the availability of ENERGY STAR qualified products by
converting the entire product line within two years to meet ENERGY STAR guidelines; (2)demonstrating the economic and environmental benefits of energy efficiency through special in-store
displays twice a year; (3) providing information to users (via the website and user’s manual) about
energy-saving features and operating characteristics of ENERGY STAR qualified products; and (4)building awareness of the ENERGY STAR Partnership and brand identity by collaborating with EPA
on one print advertorial and one live press event.

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

Join EPA's SmartWay Transport Partnership to improve the environmental performance of thecompany's shipping operations. The SmartWay Transport Partnership works with freight carriers,
shippers, and other stakeholders in the goods movement industry to reduce fuel consumption,
greenhouse gases, and air pollution. For more information on SmartWay, visit
www.epa.gov/smartway.

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Join EPA’s Green Power Partnership. EPA's Green Power Partnership encourages organizations to
buy green power as a way to reduce the environmental impacts associated with traditional fossil fuel­based electricity use. The partnership includes a diverse set of organizations including Fortune 500
companies, small and medium businesses, government institutions as well as a growing number ofcolleges and universities. For more information on Green Power, visit www.epa.gov/greenpower.

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EN
NERGY STAR® Prrogram Requireme
ents
for Data Ce
enter Storage
Eligibilitty Criteria
Draft 3 Version 1.0
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Following is the Draft 3 ENERGY ST
TAR Version 1.0 product s pecification for Data Centter Storage. A
product shhall meet all of the identifie
ed criteria if it is to earn thee ENERGY STAR.

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1

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DEFINITIONNS
A. Product Types
s:

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1)) Storage Prroduct: A fully
y-functional sttorage systemm that supplie
es data storagge services tooclients andd devices attaached directly or through a network. Com
mponents andd subsystemss that
egral part of th
he storage prooduct architeccture (e.g., too provide interrnal
are an inteen controllerss and disks) a re considered
d to be part of the storage
communications betwee
n contrast, com
mponents tha
at are normallly associated with a storagge environment at
product. In
enter level (e..g., devices reequired for op
peration of ann external SANN) are not
the data ce
d to be part off the storage product. A sto
orage producct may be com
mposed ofconsidered
ge devices, em
mbedded nettwork elements, software, andintegrated storage contrrollers, storagces. For purposes of this specification, a storage prooduct is a uniq
que configura
ationother devic
keted to the e nd user as a Storage Prod
duct.
of one or more SKUs, sold and mark

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2)) Storage De
evice: A colle
ective term forr disk drives ((HDDs), solid state drives (SSDs), tapess
cartridges,, and any othe
er mechanism
ms providing n on-volatile data storage. This definitionn isy intended to exclude aggrregating stora
age elements such as RAID
D arrayspecificallyms, robotic tap
pe libraries, fillers, and file s ervers. Also excluded aree storage devvices
subsystem
ccessible by end-user app
plication progrrams, and are
e insteadwhich are not directly ace.
employed as a form of internal cache

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3)) Storage Co
ontroller: A deevice for handdling storage request via a processor or sequencer
mously process a substanttial portion off I/O requests directed toprogrammed to autonom
evices (e.g., RAID controlleers, filers).
storage de133

B. Storage System
m Connectivitty:

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1)) Direct-attached Storagee (DAS): One or more dediicated storage devices tha
at are physica
ally
ore servers.
connected to one or mo

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2)) Network Attached Stora
edicated storrage devices that connect to aage (NAS): One or more dend provide filee access serv
vices to remotte computer systems.
network an

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3)) Storage Arrea Network (SAN): A netw
work whose p rimary purpo
ose is the transfer of data
es. A SAN consists
between computer systems and storrage devices a nd among storage device
munication infrrastructure, which providess physical connnections, and a managem
mentof a commch organizes the connectio
ons, storage d evices, and computer sysstems so that data
layer, whic
obust.
transfer is secure and ro

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C. Capacity Optim
mizing Method
ds (COMs): The reduction of actual dataa stored on sstorage device
eshrough a combination of ha
ardware and / or software. Common CO
OMs include:th

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1) Thin Provisioning: A technology that allocates the physical capacity of a volume or file system
as applications write data, rather than reallocating all the physical capacity at the time ofprovisioning.

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2) Data Deduplication: The replacement of multiple copies of data – at variable levels of
granularity – with references to a shared copy in order to save storage space and/or
bandwidth.

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3) Compression: The process of encoding data to reduce its size. For the purpose of thisspecification, only lossless compression (i.e., compression using a technique that preserves
the entire content of the original data, and from which the original data can be reconstructed
exactly) is recognized.

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4) Delta Snapshots: A type of point-in-time copy that preserves the state of data at an instant intime by storing only those blocks that are different from an already existing full copy of thedata.
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D. Storage Taxonomy : A categorization scheme for use in segmenting the data center storage
market by end-use application and key product characteristics. The major categories of thetaxonomy that are referenced in this document are as follows:

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1) Online Storage: Storage products that are intended to service a mixture of Random andSequential I/O requests with a short response time. All data stored in Online storage must beaccessible in ≤ 80 ms, unless the storage product is in a Deep Idle state. Online storage istypically comprised of one or more HDDs or SSDs and a storage controller, and provides
primary data storage to supplement a Computer Server’s internal memory.

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2) Near-online Storage: Storage products that are intended to service a mixture of Random andSequential I/O requests with a short to moderate response time. Near-online storage
products offer an asymmetrical response; a portion of data may be accessible in ≤ 80
milliseconds, while other data may be accessible in > 80 milliseconds.

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3) Virtual Media Library: Storage products that are intended to service primarily Sequential I/O,
with a short response time. The media in a Virtual Media Library (e.g., HDD, optical disk) is
not designed to be physically removed from the system. All data stored in the Virtual Media
Library must be assessable in ≤ 80 ms, unless the storage product is in a Deep Idle state.
Virtual Medial Libraries are intended primarily for moderate and long term data storage.

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4) Removable Media Library: Storage products that are intended to service primarily Sequential
I/O, with a moderate to long response time. The media (e.g., tape cartridge, optical disk) in a
Removable Media Library is designed to be physically removed from the storage product.
Removable Media Libraries are intended primarily for long term data archiving.

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5) Adjunct Storage Products: Products which closely support storage devices by adding in realtime value or additional control capabilities not present in the storage device(s) itself.
Examples include SAN based virtualization controllers, NAS gateways, or other storage
services. A key feature of these products is that no end user data is primarily stored on
Adjunct Storage products, though data may be held in cache or other working buffers.

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6) Interconnect Element: Devices which provide for interconnection functionality within a storage
area network. Examples include SAN Switches, etc.

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E. Other Data Center Equipment:

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The ENERGY STAR storage taxonomy is consistent with the taxonomy developed by the Storage
Networking Industry Association Green Storage Initiative as defined in “SNIA EmeraldTM Power Efficiency
Measurement Specification” Version 1.0 released 23 August 2011. Further detail may be found atwww.snia.org/green.

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1) Computer Server: A computer that provides services and manages networked resources forclient devices (e.g., desktop computers, notebook computers, thin clients, wireless devices,
PDAs, IP telephones, other computer servers and other network devices). Computer servers
are sold through enterprise channels for use in data centers and office/corporate
environments. Computer servers are primarily accessed via network connections, versus
directly-connected user input devices such as a keyboard or mouse. For purposes of thisspecification, a computer server must meet all of the following criteria:

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is marketed and sold as a computer server;

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ii)

is designed for and listed as supporting computer server operating systems (OS) and/or
hypervisors, and is targeted to run user-installed enterprise applications;

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iii) provides support for error-correcting code (ECC) and/or buffered memory (including bothbuffered DIMMs and buffered on board (BOB) configurations) - systems with greater than
50 nodes sharing the same chassis are exempt from this requirement; and200iv) is packaged and sold with one or more ac-dc or dc-dc power supplies; and

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v) is designed such that all processors have access to shared system memory and are
independently visible to a single OS or hypervisor.

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Note: The Computer Server definition presented here is from the Draft 2 Version 2.0 ENERGY STAR
Computer Server specification. It will be updated in the final Data Center Storage specification toreference any revisions made in the finalized Version 2.0 ENERGY STAR Computer Server specification
revision effort.

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2) Network Equipment: A device whose primary function is to provide data connectivity among
an arbitrary combination of devices connected to its several ports. Data connectivity isachieved via the routing of data packets encapsulated according to Internet Protocol, Fibre
Channel, InfiniBand or other standard protocol. Examples of network equipment commonly
found in data centers are routers and switches.

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3) Power Distribution Unit (PDU): A single- or three-phase power strip designed for data center
use. A PDU may include instrumentation for metering power input and output, switchedoutlets for control of individual receptacles, or other advanced features.

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i)

Intelligent Power Distribution Unit (iPDU): A PDU with additional functionality to provide
operational measurements of power consumption and environmental temperature.

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4) Blade Storage: A storage device that is designed for use in a blade chassis. A blade storage
device is dependent upon shared blade chassis resources (e.g., power supplies, cooling) for
operation.

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Note: The Blade System definition from the Version 2.0 ENERGY STAR Computer Server specification
has been removed. EPA has added a definition for Blade Storage in its place.

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5) Cache: Temporary storage used to transparently store transitory data and which is notdirectly addressable by end-user applications. Primarily used for expediting access to orfrom (typically) slower media.

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F. Capacity: Capacity is reported in units of either binary bytes (1 MiB = 1,048,576 Byte) or decimalbytes (1 MB = 1,000,000 Byte).

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1) Assigned Capacity: The amount of space on a system or data container which has beenallotted to be written by an end user or application. (Note: For thin provisioning systems, anassigned capacity number represents a promise that that amount of space will be provided on
demand; usable capacity is allocated as the container is written too. For fully-provisioned
systems, usable capacity must be committed at the same time the container is allocated.)

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2) Effective Capacity: The amount of data stored on a storage system, plus the amount of
unused formatted capacity in the system.

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3) Formatted (Usable) Capacity: The total amount of bytes available to be written after a systemor device has been formatted for use (e.g., by an object store, file system or block services
manager). Formatted capacity is less than or equal to raw capacity. It does not include areas
set aside for system use, spares, RAID parity areas, checksum space, host- or file system­
level remapping, "right sizing" of disks, disk labeling and so on. However, formatted capacity
may include areas that are normally reserved – such as snapshot set-asides – if these areas
may be configured for ordinary data storage.

2414) Free Space: The amount of unused, formatted capacity as reported by the storage product.

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5) Raw (Addressable) Capacity: The sum total amount of addressable capacity of the storage
devices in a storage product. The raw capacity of a storage device is commonly understood
to be the number of bytes available to be written via SCSI or equivalent protocol. It does notinclude unaddressable space, ECC (error correcting code) data, remap areas, inter-sector
gaps, etc.

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G. Operational States:

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1) Active State: The state in which a storage product is processing external I/O requests.

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2) Idle State: An operational state in which the Storage Product is capable of completing I/Otransactions, but no active I/Os are requested or pending. The system may, however, be
servicing self-initiated I/Os from background data protection and cleansing, and otheroperations not initiated by the user.

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i)

Ready Idle: The state in which a storage product is able to respond to arbitrary I/Orequests within the MaxTTFD limits for its taxonomy category, but is not receiving
external I/O requests. The storage product may perform routine housekeeping tasks
during Ready Idle, provided such operations do not compromise the product’s ability tomeet MaxTTFD requirements.

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ii)

Deep Idle: A state in which one or more storage product components or subsystems havebeen placed into a low-power state for purpose of conserving energy. A storage productin Deep Idle may not be able to respond to I/O requests within the MaxTTFD limits for its
taxonomy category, and may need to perform a managed ‘wake-up’ function in order toreturn to a Ready Idle or Active State. Deep Idle capability must be a user-selected,
optional feature of the Storage Product.

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H. Power Supply Unit (PSU): A device that converts ac or dc input power to one or more dc power
outputs for the purpose of powering a storage product. A storage PSU must be self-contained
and physically separable from the system and must connect to the system via a removable orhard-wired electrical connection. Note: Storage PSUs may be Field Replaceable Units (FRUs),
but in some cases may be further integrated with the storage product.

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1) Ac-Dc Power Supply: A PSU that converts line-voltage ac input power into one or more dc
power outputs.

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2) Dc-dc Power Supply: A PSU that converts line-voltage dc input power to one or more dc
power outputs. For purposes of this specification, a dc-dc converter (also known as a voltage
regulator) that is internal to a storage product and is used to convert a low voltage dc (e.g., 12V dc) into other dc power outputs for use by storage product components is not considered a
dc-dc power supply.

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3) Single-output Power Supply: A PSU that is designed to deliver the majority of its rated output
power to one primary dc output. Single-output PSUs may offer one or more standby outputs
that remain active whenever connected to an input power source. For purposes of thisspecification, the total rated power output from all additional PSU outputs that are not primaryand standby outputs shall be less than 20 watts. PSUs that offer multiple outputs at the same
voltage as the primary output are considered single-output PSUs unless those outputs (1) are
generated from separate converters or have separate output rectification stages, or (2) have
independent current limits.

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4) Multi-output Power Supply: A PSU that is designed to deliver the majority of its rated output
power to more than one primary dc output for the purpose of powering a storage product.
Multi-output PSUs may offer one or more standby outputs that remain active wheneverconnected to an input power source. For purposes of this specification, the total rated power
output from all additional PSU outputs that are not primary and standby outputs must be
greater than or equal to 20 watts.

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5) Redundant Power Supplies: Two or more PSUs that are configured to maintain uninterrupted
output load in the event of failure of one PSU.

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I.

Product Family: A group of models/configurations that share a set of common attributes that arevariations on a basic design.
1) Common Product Family Attributes: A set of features common to all models/configurations
within a product family that constitute a common basic design. All models/configurations
within a product family must share the following:

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i)

made by the same manufacturer;

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ii)

be from the same model line or machine type;299iii) utilize the same model of Storage Controller;

300iv) fall under the same taxonomy category;

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v) contain equal or greater amount of cache than the corresponding qualified configuration;
and

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vi) TBD.

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Note: EPA has received stakeholder feedback stating that variation in cache configuration should beallowed within a product family, with a maximum allowable cache size of 4 SSD storage devices. EPA
welcomes stakeholder feedback on this addition. EPA has defined common product family attributes, butwelcomes additions to this list to differentiate product families.

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2) Optimal Configuration: A product configuration that lies between the minimum and maximum
configurations and is representative of a product with maximum sellable energy efficiency
performance for a given workload. This configuration is provided by the manufacturer andcan be optimized for the following workload types:

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i)

Transaction: A workload optimized for random I/O usage measured in I/O per second per
watt;

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ii)

Streaming: A workload optimized primarily for sequential I/O usage, measured in MB per
second per watt;316iii) Capacity: A workload optimized for maximum storage as measured by GB per watt.

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3) Maximum Configuration: A product configuration that includes the combination of basecomponents that generates a system which is 5% larger in storage device count than the
optimal configuration.

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i)

For system with 150 storage device count or higher, the number is rounded up to thenearest drawer boundary.

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ii)

Rounding is not applicable to systems with fewer than 150 storage devices.

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4) Minimum Configuration: A product configuration that includes the combination of basecomponents that generates a system which is 20% smaller in storage device count comparedto the optimal configuration.

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i)

For a system with 150 storage device count or higher, the number is rounded down to thenearest drawer boundary.

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ii)

Rounding is not applicable to systems with fewer than 150 storage devices.

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Note: EPA has removed the typical configuration definition and replaced it with an Optimal Configuration
definition that aligns with the Best Foot Forward concept developed by SNIA. The definitions of maximum
and minimum configurations have been revised to reflect the allowable range of a product family for
qualification purposes.

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Based on discussions to date and the data available, the language above is a proposal to create a
Product Family structure that is defined by system size and workload configuration for ENERGY STAR
qualification. The ”Maximum” and “Minimum” in such an approach refer to the maximum and minimum
configurations that the manufacturer can sell as ENERGY STAR qualified, which is not necessarily thesame as the maximum or minimum of available configuration options for sale by the manufacturer.

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EPA has discussed this new approach with stakeholders over the months preceding this draft release andhas received primarily positive feedback. Qualification of systems will be allowed for systems within therange defined by the minimum and maximum configurations for each optimal configuration submitted for
qualification. This definition provides EPA with well-defined boundaries that delineate product families andassure that energy performance within a family is characterized across a range of system sizes. In
addition, this approach supports the assembly and disclosure of active mode and ready idle mode test
measurement data, which will provide useful information to the product end-user. EPA continues towelcome stakeholder input on the overall approach as well as rounding systems to the nearest drawerboundary.

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The following is an example to illustrate this Product Family approach and related concepts:

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Example: A manufacturer submits a transaction optimized system with an Optimal Configuration of 192
storage devices, 16 drawers containing 12 storage devices each. The calculated range of ENERGYSTAR qualification for this system, without rounding, is 154 to 202 storage devices. The resulting size ofthe qualified product family after drawer rounding would be 144 to 204 storage devices, or 12 to 17
drawers containing 12 storage devices each.

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356
357

5) Expanded Minimum Configuration (Optional): A manufacturer may submit additional physicaldata points using configurations which contain a number of Storage Devices less than therequired Minimum Configuration defined above if the expanded performing point is within
10% of the Optimal Configuration performance (work/watt). The required Minimum
Configuration point above can be replaced with this new lower count of Storage Devices.

358
359

i)

Performance will be measured using the appropriate relative weighting of workloads
defined in Table 6.

360

ii)

Modeled data may not be used in Expanded Minimum Configuration submissions.

361
362
363

6) Systems Composed of Combinations of Optimal Configurations: A product family which has
demonstrated more than one Optimal Configuration may be sold as ENERGY STAR qualified
using a combination of those Optimal Configurations, provided all of the following apply:

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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364
365

i)

Combined systems are configured using only those Storage Devices and configuration
options which were used in the individual qualified Optional Configurations.

366
367

ii)

The combined system contains a defined percent allocation of Storage Devices from the
Optimal Configurations.

368
369

iii) The total sum of all percent allocations of Storage Devices drawn from the Optimal
Configurations must equal 100%

370
371

iv) The quantity of Storage Devices is adjusted by the percent allocation for the given
Optimal Configuration.

372
373

v) After allocation, Storage Devices and Drawers are rounded per the Maximum
Configuration and Minimum Configuration rules above.

374
375

vi) When rounding a Drawer, Storage Devices are added (or removed as appropriate) in aratio similar to the Optimal Configuration allocation percentages.

376
377
378
379

vii) Allocation of Optimal Configurations is also used when a Storage Product provides Block
I/O capability in addition to NAS capabilities. In this usage, the system wide percentage ofdefined allocations will include the portion of the system providing NAS functionality.
There are no constraints on the size of the NAS portion of the system.

380
381

viii) Multiple transaction or streaming optimizations may be submitted to incorporate different
storage device technologies and customer usage needs.

382
383
384

Note: The above language is designed to allow manufacturers to qualify combinations of Optimal
Configurations, as there are relatively few products sold on the market that are fully optimized for a single
workload type. More often, combinations of systems are created that can handle two or more workloads.

385
386
387
388

EPA therefore has proposed that manufacturers can submit Optimal Configuration test points and thenproduct combinations of those Optimal Configurations will remain ENERGY STAR qualified, provided theymeet all of the criteria above. EPA welcomes stakeholder feedback on the treatment of systems
composed of combinations of optimal configurations.

389
390
391
392

The language above states that if multiple Optimal Configurations are qualified, manufacturers may thencreate systems that utilize X% of drives from one configuration, Y% of drives from another and that X% +Y% = 100%. Normal drawer rounding would then apply to the combined configuration. This principle also
applies to systems combining more than two Optimal Configurations.

393
394

EPA looks forward to stakeholder feedback on this proposal and to hosting further discussion on thismatter.

395
396
397
398
399

7) Capacity Optimization Family Restriction: A product family may not be based solely on
Capacity Optimizations. Every product family must include one or more transaction
optimized configuration(s) and/or streaming optimized configuration(s). A Capacity
Optimization may only be submitted as an addition to one (or more) of the otheroptimizations.

400
401
402

Note: EPA welcomes feedback from stakeholders on the above proposal to include a Capacity
Optimization option but require that it can only be submitted in addition to a Transaction or Streaming
Optimization qualification.

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403

J.

Other Definitions:

404
405

1) Scale-up Storage Product: A storage product in which additional storage devices can be
added to the original controller(s) configuration as capacity needs increase.

406
407
408
409

2) Scale-out Storage Product: A storage product in which independent functional nodes containa set number of storage devices and controllers associated with those devices. All nodes
have the ability to work in tandem with additional nodes as customer capacity needs
increase.

410
411

Note: EPA has provided definitions for scale-up and scale-out storage products to clarify which of theseproducts are covered in the scope of the specification. EPA welcomes feedback on these definitions.

412
413
414
415

3) Field-replaceable Unit (FRU): A unit, or component of a system that is designed to be
replaced “in the field;” i.e., without returning the system to a factory or repair depot. Field
replaceable units may either be customer-replaceable, or their replacement may require
trained service personnel.

416
417
418

4) High-availability (HA): The ability of a system to perform its function continuously (without
interruption) for a significantly longer period of time than the reliabilities of its individualcomponents would suggest. High availability is most often achieved through failure tolerance.

419
420
421
422
423

5) Maximum Sustainable Performance: Maximum I/O per second (IOPS) or GiB/s that the UUT
is able to deliver under a specified workload. For purposes of this specification, it issuggested that “sustainable” performance is that which ensures the maximum achievabledata rate, excludes any transient system caching effects, and can be maintained to within±5% for the duration of the measurement phase.

424
425

6) Maximum Time to First Data (MaxTTFD): The maximum time required to start receiving datafrom a storage system to satisfy a read request for arbitrary data.

426
427
428

7) RAS Features: An acronym for reliability, availability, and serviceability features. RAS issometimes also expanded to RASM, which adds “Manageability” criteria. The three primary
components of RAS as related to storage products are defined as follows:

429
430
431
432
433

i)

Reliability Features: Features supporting a storage product’s ability to perform its
intended function without interruption due to component failures. Technologies applied toincrease reliability include: component selection (MTBF), redundancy (both at a micro
and macro levels), temperature and/or voltage de-rating, error detection and correction
technologies.

434
435

ii)

Availability Features: Features that support a storage product’s ability to maximize normal
operating time and minimize planned and unplanned down time.

436
437

iii) Serviceability Features: Features that support a storage product’s ability to be serviced(e.g., hot-plugging).

438
439

iv) Parity RAID: A collective term used in this specification to refer to any RAID system that
achieves better efficiency than RAID 1 (i.e., mirroring).

440
441

Note: EPA has moved the parity RAID definition from the COM definition section into the RAS definition
section, as parity RAID is not listed as a COM feature in Table 3 below.

442
443
444
445

v) Non-disruptive Serviceability: Support for continued availability of data and response
times during all FRU and service operations; including break/fix, code patches,
software/firmware upgrades, configuration changes, data migrations, and system
expansion.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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446
447

8) Physical Data: Data generated by testing a Storage Product using the ENERGY STAR Test
Method for Data Center Storage.

448
449
450

9) Modeled Data: Data generated from an algorithmic tool, designed either by the ENERGYSTAR Partner or a third party, which generates estimated test results (e.g., power,
performance) for a set of Storage Product configuration inputs.

451
452

Note: EPA has defined the difference between physical and modeled data and welcomes stakeholder
feedback on these definitions.

453

10) Read/Write:

454
455
456
457

i)

Random Read: Any I/O load in which consecutively issued read requests do not specify
adjacently addressed data. The term random I/O is commonly used to denote any I/Oload that is not sequential, whether or not the distribution of data locations is indeed
random.

458
459
460
461

ii)

Random Write: Any I/O load whose consecutively issued write requests do not specify
adjacently addressed data. The term random I/O is commonly used to denote any I/Oload that is not sequential, whether or not the distribution of data locations is indeed
random.

462
463iii) Sequential Read: An I/O load consisting of consecutively issued read requests toadjacently addressed data.

464
465

iv) Sequential Write: An I/O load consisting of consecutively issued write requests toadjacently addressed data.

46611) Response Time: The time required for the UUT to complete an I/O request.

46712) Unit Under Test (UUT): The Storage Product being tested.

468

2

QUALIFYING PRODUCTS

469

2.1

Included Products

470
471

2.1.1

Products that meet all of the following conditions are eligible for ENERGY STAR qualification,with the exception of products listed in Section 2.2:

472

i.

meet the definition of a Storage Product provided in Section 1 of this document;

473

ii.

do not fall within the exceptions identified in Section 2.2 of this document;

474
475

iii.

are comprised of one or more SKUs and be able to be purchased in a single order from asystem vendor;

476
477

iv.

are characterized within the Online 2, 3, or 4 Storage Taxonomy categories2 with thefollowing additional criteria;

478a) contain a RAID capable storage controller within the storage device;

479
480

b) support Block I/O storage functions either entirely or as an additional capability, with the
exception of object based storage; and481c) implement scale-up storage product architecture.

2

As defined in the “SNIA EmeraldTM Power Efficiency Measurement Specification,” Version 1.0 (23August 2011).

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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482
483

Note: EPA has clarified that all products submitted for qualification must include a RAID capable
controller within the storage device.

484
485
486
487

EPA received feedback from stakeholders and has added block I/O capable NAS systems to the scope ofVersion 1.0, to be qualified in the same manner as the other products covered in the scope. EPA looks toinclude additional testing for the NAS features of these hybrid NAS-SAN systems in a future revision
when an applicable NAS Active State energy efficiency test method becomes available.

488

2.2

Excluded Products

489
490
491

2.2.1

Products that are covered under other ENERGY STAR product specifications are not eligiblefor qualification under the ENERGY STAR Data Center Storage specification. The full list of
specifications currently in effect can be found at www.energystar.gov/specifications.

492

2.2.2

The following products are specifically excluded from qualification under this specification:

493

i.

Personal / Portable Data Storage Products;

494

ii.

Computer Servers;

495

iii.

Blade Storage Products;

496

iv.

Direct Attached Storage Products

497

v.

Network Attached Storage Products that cannot perform block I/O;

498

vi.

Object Storage Products;

499
500

vii.

Storage devices in the following categories of the taxonomy: Near-online, Removable Media
Library, Virtual Media Library, Adjunct Storage Products, and Interconnect Elements;

501
502

viii.

Online Storage Devices without an included RAID controller, e.g. a collection of disks which
rely on a PCI add-in card in a server for RAID functions (JBODs);

503

ix.

Scale-out Storage Products.

504
505
506
507
508

Note: EPA proposes to exclude the following products from the scope of Version 1.0: Blade Storage
Products, “just a bunch of disks” (JBOD) Storage Products, Object Storage Products, and Network
Attached Storage Products which cannot perform block I/O. EPA currently lacks test methods to assess
the active performance of these systems with the inclusion of energy efficiency metrics. EPA welcomesstakeholder feedback on these exclusions from Version 1.0.

509
510
511
512

Additionally EPA recognizes that scale-out storage products represent an important segment of the data
center storage market, but lacks the necessary information to move forward on including these productsin the Version 1.0 specification at this time. Stakeholders are encouraged to provide feedback to EPA to
answer the following questions so that these systems can be considered for the next draft:

513
514
515

•

Definition of a node for scale-out systems. The definition of node varies greatly between different
manufacturers and product lines, and must be clear and understood. Some vendors consider nodes
on a rack level, while others consider nodes on a drawer / controller level.

516
517
518
519

•

Expected common behaviors of Scale-out storage products as additional nodes are added. The EPA
is concerned that by the nature of Scale Out systems, Optimal Configuration points may result in verylarge, and hence costly, systems being demonstrated. The EPA is interested in data-derived
approaches which can help mitigate this potential testing burden.

520
521

EPA believes that this issue must be resolved prior to the release of Draft 4, as the Agency anticipatesthat Draft 4 will be the last substantial draft of the Version 1.0 development process.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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522

3

QUALIFICATION CRITERIA

523

3.1

Significant Digits and Rounding

524

3.1.1

All calculations shall be carried out with directly measured (unrounded) values.

525
526

3.1.2

Unless otherwise specified, compliance with specification limits shall be evaluated using
directly measured or calculated values without any benefit from rounding.

527
528
529

3.1.3

Directly measured or calculated values that are submitted for reporting on the ENERGY STAR
website shall be rounded to the nearest significant digit as expressed in the corresponding
specification limit.

530

3.2

531
532
533
534

Note: EPA has not received additional data on PSU efficiency in the storage industry, or loading patterns
on storage PSUs. Therefore the current draft proposes to retain levels consistent with CSCI Silver for all
power supplies. EPA continues to welcome any data stakeholders can provide on the issue of PSU
efficiency.

535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542

EPA has received stakeholder feedback suggesting the removal of the 10% load point for redundantcapable PSUs to focus on higher efficiencies in the 20-100% load range of operation. Stakeholders notedthat storage products are unlikely to operate at 10% load even when fully idle and that removing the 10%
load requirement would allow PSU designers to improve PSU efficiency in the more expected loading
range >20%. EPA is considering removing the 10% load requirement and increasing the efficiency of the
20%, 50%, and 100% load requirements for redundant capable IPS by 1-2% each to compensate. EPA
welcomes stakeholder data to help determine which approach is more appropriate for typical storage
product power usage.

543
544
545
546

3.2.1

547
548

Power Supply Requirements

Power Supply Units (PSUs): PSUs used in Data Center Storage products eligible under thisspecification shall meet the following requirements when tested using the EPRI Generalized
Internal Power Supply Efficiency Test Protocol, Rev. 6.5 (available atwww.efficientpowersupplies.org).
i.

Efficiency: A Data Center Storage product PSU shall meet efficiency requirements as
specified in Table 1.

549
PSU Type

Table 1: Efficiency Requirements for PSUs
10%
20%
Rated Output Power
Load Load

Non-Redundant
Capable PSU
Redundant Capable
PSU

50%
Load

100%
Load

All Output Levels

n/a

85%

88%

85%

All Output Levels

75%

85%

89%

85%

550
551
552

ii.

Power Factor: A Data Center Storage product PSU shall meet power factor requirements as
specified in Table 2.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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553

Table 2: Power Factor Requirements for PSUs
10%
20%
PSU Type
Rated Output Power
Load Load
Non-Redundant
All Output Levels
n/a0.80
Capable PSU
Redundant Capable
PSU

554
555
556
557

50%
Load

100%
Load

0.90

0.95

≤ 500 watts

n/a

0.80

0.90

0.95

500 watts < Output ≤1000 watts

0.65

0.80

0.90

0.95

> 1000 Watts

0.65

0.80

0.90

0.95

iii. Efficiency and Power Factor in Embedded Equipment: Embedded PSUs that power primary
components of the Data Center Storage product, including controllers and drawers, mustmeet the requirements in Table 1 and Table 2. Embedded PSUs that do not power primary
components of the Data Center Storage product are not subject to PSU requirements.

558
559
560
561

Note: Stakeholders raised the concern that the power supplies in 3rd party products are neither chosen by
the Data Center Storage manufacturer nor subject to their modification. EPA proposes to remove theefficiency and power requirements for all PSUs that are not embedded in or otherwise powering thecontrollers or drawers of the system.

562
563
564
565
566
567

Additionally, after discussions with stakeholders, EPA has decided not to include a requirement that all
equipment in a storage system that falls under the scope of another applicable ENERGY STAR
specification (e.g. computers, servers, networking equipment) also be ENERGY STAR qualified.
Stakeholder concerns over third party vendor modification, complication associated with such products,
as well as the small energy usage of these products compared to the total Data Center Storage productenergy usage, do not support including this requirement in Version 1.0.

568

3.3

569
570

Note: EPA has chosen not to pursue efficiency levels for Idle State energy consumption in Version 1.0
but will examine both Active and Idle levels in future versions of the specification.

571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578

EPA has done so pending the development of an unbiased data set for use in the Version 2.0
specification development cycle. The amount of data that EPA currently has may allow for setting of asingle Idle threshold, but system configurations have such different energy consumption profiles that thissingle threshold would inevitably favor one configuration at the expense of the other two, skewing the
ENERGY STAR products list and leading to a data set that does not represent the full range of storage
system capabilities that customers require. Additionally, systems that perform well in Idle may or may not
perform well in Active State, creating another potential source of bias in the products qualified for
ENERGY STAR and complicating level setting in Version 2.0.

579
580
581
582
583
584

EPA’s approach to Active and Idle State information reporting requirements will encourage further testingfor energy efficiency of Data Center Storage products. Data generated through this testing will allow EPA
to set efficiency levels for Active and Idle State energy consumption in future versions of the specification.
Reposting of this information will assist manufacturers in differentiating their products via energy
efficiency by associating measured efficiency data with the hardware and software characteristics of eachsystem.

Active and Idle State Efficiency Criteria

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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585

3.4

586
587
588
589
590

Power Management Requirements

3.4.1

Power Modeling Presale tool: For Online 4 systems that qualify using modeled data, a powermodeling tool characterizing the Data Center Storage product must be made available tomanufacturer qualified purchasers of the product. The power modeler must provide anestimated power usage of a deployed configuration based on user-selected configuration
characteristics.

591
592
593
594
595

Note: EPA is proposing to remove the warranty requirement for power modeling presale tools in Draft 1
and require their availability only for Online 4 systems that qualify using modeled data. EPA is aware of
stakeholder concerns about the availability of the power modeling presale tool to the public and welcomesstakeholder feedback on appropriate language to limit availability to potential customers of their storage
systems.

596
597

Additional data center power management techniques are covered in the energy efficiency feature
requirements below.

598

3.5

599
600

Energy Efficiency Feature Requirements

3.5.1

To qualify for ENERGY STAR, a Data Center Storage product must contain the following
features, implemented as specified:

601

i.

Parity RAID: A storage product must offer a form of Parity RAID.

602
603
604
605
606

ii.

Adaptive Cooling: A storage product must utilize adaptive cooling technologies that reduce
the energy consumed by the cooling technology in proportion to ambient air temperature
conditions in proximity to the Data Center Storage product and the current cooling needs to
the Storage System. (e.g., reduction of variable speed fan or blower speeds at lower ambient
air temperature).

607
608
609

3.5.2

610

A Storage product shall make available for purchase to the end user configurable / selectablefeatures listed in Table 3 in quantities greater than or equal to those listed in Table 4.
Table 3: Recognized COM Features
FeatureVerification Requirement
COM: Thin Provisioning
SNIA verification test
COM: Data Deduplication
SNIA verification test
COM: Compression
SNIA verification test
SNIA verification test3
COM: Delta Snapshots

3

SNIA defined verification techniques for the COMs listed in Table 3 can be found in the “SNIA
EmeraldTM Power Efficiency Measurement Specification” Version 1.0 released 23 August 2011. Further
detail may be found at www.snia.org/green.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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611
612

Table 4: COM Requirements for Online 2, 3, and 4 Systems
Minimum number ofStorage ProductCOMs required to be
Categorymade available
Online 20Online 32Online 4
3

613
614
615

Note: Based on stakeholder feedback from Draft 2 and internal discussions, EPA is proposing to requirethat a certain number of COMs are made available for purchase, with this number defined by the Online
category of the product. EPA welcomes stakeholder feedback on the proposed levels set in Table 4.

616
617
618
619

EPA has removed “Deep Sleep Mode” and “Allow for unallocated storage elements to be placed in a
power down state” from this list as there is currently no way to validate that these features exist during
testing. EPA is open to including additional features in Table 3 in future versions as validation tests are
made available.

620
621

3.6

622
623
624
625
626

3.6.1

Information Reporting Requirements
Active and Idle State Efficiency Disclosure: To qualify for ENERGY STAR, a Data Center
Storage product or family must be tested in accordance to the requirements defined in Table
5.
Table 5: Public Disclosure Requirements for Active and Idle State Efficiency
Workload
Transaction
Streaming
Capacity
Test
Optimization
Optimization
Optimization
Mixed
Required
Optional
Optional
Workload 1
Mixed
Required
Optional
Optional
Workload 2
RandomRequired
Optional
Optional
Read
RandomRequired
Optional
Optional
Write
Sequential
Optional
Required
Optional
Read
Sequential
Optional
Required
Optional
Write
Ready Idle

Required

Required

Required

627
628
629
630
631

Note: This approach mirrors the proposed approach to active power measurement in the ENERGY STAR
Computer Server Version 2.0 development process and requires that a Data Center Storage product isevaluated using a predetermined Active and Idle State testing methodology, with results to be publicallydisclosed via the ENERGY STAR program as part of the Power and Performance Datasheet (PPDS).

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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632
633
634
635
636
637

In place of an Idle Efficiency requirement for all Storage Products, EPA has introduced the Capacity
Optimized Efficiency measurement requirements in this section. This additional optimization option allows
stakeholders to show performance of qualified systems when optimized for Idle State.
3.6.2

The weighted percentages shown in Table 6 shall be used to calculate the appropriate optimal
configuration point for a given system.

638
Workload Test
Mixed Workload 1
Mixed Workload 2
Random Read
Random Write
Sequential Read
Sequential Write
Ready Idle

Table 6: Workload Weighting Requirements
Transaction
Streaming
Optimization
Optimization
70%
0%
0%
0%
10%
0%
10%
0%
0%
50%
0%
20%
10%
30%

Capacity Optimization
10%
0%
0%
0%
10%
10%
70%

639
640
641
642

Note: Table 6 has been established to assure a level of commonality in different manufacturers’
approaches to defining the Optimal Configuration. It is the EPA’s intention to recognize the three primaryvalues of Storage Systems:

643

1) Ability to receive data for storage;

6442) Ability to retain received data over a period of time;6453) Ability to retrieve received data as requested.

646
647
648
649
650
651

The above table includes a percentage weighting of the seven workloads with the intent that they will
provide a reasonable representation of each Optimization category. The EPA welcomes feedback on the
allocation of workloads, both in terms of weighting and workload inclusion. The above numbers are
believed to be reasonable assumptions of workload weightings.
3.6.3

652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664

3.6.4

Testing Data Requirements for Online 2 and Online 3 Storage Products: The following testingdata is required for each configuration submitted for qualification as ENERY STAR.
i.

Physical data for all 7 measurements listed in Table 6 shall be submitted for all of thefollowing system sizes:(a) Manufacturer determined Optimal Configuration point;(b) A manufacturer chosen point at least 40% smaller in storage device count comparedto the optimal configuration, rounded down to the nearest drawer boundary; and(c) A manufacturer chosen point at least 15% larger in storage device count compared tothe optimal configuration, rounded down to the nearest drawer boundary;ii.

Modeled data for all 7 measurements listed in Table 6 may optionally be submitted for all
system sizes listed above, as well as any other system sizes the manufacturer wishes toprovide.
Testing Data Requirements for Online 4 Storage Products: The following testing data isrequired for each configuration submitted for qualification as ENERY STAR.

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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665
666
667

i.

Physical data for all 7 measurements listed in Table 6 shall be submitted for the following
system size:(a) Manufacturer determined Optimal Configuration point.

668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679

ii.

Modeled data for all 7 measurements listed in Table 6 shall be submitted for all of thefollowing system sizes;(a) Manufacturer determined Optimal Configuration point;(b) At least 6 manufacturer chosen points smaller in storage device count compared tothe optimal configuration, with the smallest point being at least 40% smaller instorage device count; and(c) At least 6 manufacturer chosen points larger in storage device count compared to the
optimal configuration, with the largest point being at least 15% larger in storage
device count.

680
681
682

iv. If accurate modeled data for an Online 4 Storage Product submission cannot be provided,
stakeholders may use the full testing requirements for Online 2 and Online 3 in lieu of theOnline 4 testing requirements.

683
684
685
686

iii. Additional modeled data for all 7 measurements listed in Table 6 may optionally be submitted
for other system sizes that the manufacturer wishes to provide.

Note: EPA welcomes feedback on the proposed testing requirements, and the option to submit modeled
data in lieu of two additional physical data points for qualification in Online 4 systems where system size
and testing burden were raised as concerns. EPA would like to clarify that only the physical data from theoptimal configuration points will be made publically available in Version 1.0.

687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696

Note: As part of the ENERGY STAR Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) specification development
effort, EPA has initiated development of an improved approach to the PPDS process that is being
proposed for application in the ENERGY STAR Storage program. Under this approach, data will bemaintained in a centralized database instead of individual forms, with a consumer-facing “widget”
available for embedding on websites. It is anticipated that such a system would also have the benefit oftying data from qualification directly into the online PPDS, reducing the level of effort for ENERGY STAR
partners. EPA will make this tool available to ENERGY STAR Storage partners as well. EPA expects thistool to offer significant benefit to partners and will share information on the status of this development
effort and use of the tool as the Agency works with stakeholder to complete this spec development effort.

697
698

Information about this approach will be provided in conjunction with further drafts of the Version 1.0 Data
Center Storage specification.

699
700

3.6.5

Data for a standardized Power and Performance Data Sheet (PPDS) shall be submitted foreach ENERGY STAR qualified Storage Product or Storage Product Family.

701
702
703

i.

Partners are encouraged to provide one set of data for each ENERGY STAR qualified
product configuration, though provision of a data set for each qualified product family is also
acceptable.

704
705
706

ii.

Whenever possible, Partners must also provide a hyperlink to a more detailed power
calculator on their Web site that purchasers can use to understand power and performancedata for specific configurations within the product family.

707
708
709

3.6.6

Templates for the PPDS will be located on the ENERGY STAR Web page for Data Center
Storage at www.energystar.gov/products once the specification is finalized. The PPDS
contains the following information:

ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage – Eligibility Criteria

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710

i.

Product model name, model number, and SKU or other configuration identification number;

711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720

ii.

A list of important product characteristics, including;(a) System configuration;(b) Controller details;(c) Software configuration;(d) Controller power supply information;(e) Storage media drawer power supply information;(f) Storage media used per optimization points(g) Input power and environmental characteristics during testing;(h) System power optimization capabilities;(i) Inlet air temperature and Power Consumption reporting capabilities.

721
722

Note: EPA welcomes stakeholder feedback on additional characteristics that will best inform buyers andthus should be included to finalize the product characteristics list above.

723
724

iii. A list of qualified system configurations, including maximum, minimum and optimal
configurations of qualified product families;

725
726
727

iv. Power consumption and performance data, along with guaranteed accuracy levels for all
power and temperature measurements, disclosure of the time period used for data averaging,
and a hyperlink to a detailed power calculator, as available;

728
729

v.

730

vi. Information on product power measurement and reporting capabilities;

731

vii. A list of selected data from the ASHRAE Thermal Report; and732

viii. For product families, a list of qualified storage products within the family.

733
734
735
736
737
738
739

3.7

A list of power management and other power saving features available and enabled bydefault;

Storage Device Replacement Requirements

3.7.1

Replacement of Rotational Storage Devices in As-Shipped Configurations: In order to reduce
testing burden, manufacturers may replace storage devices that were used during qualification
with rotational storage devices that have similar energy efficiency performance compared tothe device being replaced after qualification. Manufacturers must submit specification sheetsfrom the storage device vendors for the original and replacement devices to validate thefollowing:

740
741
742
743
744
745
746

i.

No change in any of the following categories:(a) Form factor(b) Interface type, quantity, and transfer speed(c) Cache Size(d) Data capabilities (e.g. Self-encryption)(e) Power Management related features and capabilities (e.g. Power Down modes)(f) Rotational Speed

747
748
749
750
751
752

ii.

Performance within +/- 5% in all of the following categories:(a) Average Seek Time(b) Sustained Transfer Rate(c) Average Latency(d) Reported average power consumption in like modes of operation

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753
754
755

ii)
3.7.2

Capacity equal or greater than the storage device being replaced.
Replacement of Non-Rotational Storage Devices in As-Shipped Configurations: Non-rotational
Storage Devices (e.g. SSDs) may be replaced subject to the following:

756
757
758
759
760
761
762

i.

No change in any of the following:(a) Form factor(b) Interface type, quantity, and transfer speed(c) Data capabilities (e.g. Self-encryption)(d) Power Management related features and capabilities (e.g. Power Down modes)ii)

Capacity equal or greater than the storage device being replaced.

763
764
765
766

ii.

Performance Improvement Cap: Replacement of a storage device in a storage product that
leads to a change of greater than 20% of the overall system performance as defined by Table
6 (with the exception of the Ready Idle metric) will require testing of a new optimized
configuration for inclusion in the product family definition.

767
768
769
770
771
772

Note: EPA welcomes stakeholder feedback on additional variables that should be considered whencomparing performance and energy efficiency of both rotational and non-rotational storage devices on a
device level. The above requirements are intended to reduce re-testing burden by defining an allowablelevel of Storage Device modification that may be made within product families. Modifications that falloutside these bounds will require that a new system be tested. Once tested, the new system may be used
to expand the existing product family.

773

3.8

774
775
776

Note: The requirements in this section are similar to those in the Draft 1 Version 2.0 ENERGY STAR
Computer Servers specification and largely maintained from the Draft 1 Data Center Storage
specification.

777
778
779

EPA received limited, but substantive, feedback from stakeholders regarding the complexities of, andalternatives to, requirements for integrated inlet air temperature measurements. EPA plans to hold further
discussions with stakeholders on this topic in order to finalize requirements.

780
781
782

After discussion with stakeholders, the sampling requirement for input power measurements has also
been altered to take 1 or more measurements per 10 second interval. EPA welcomes further stakeholder
input on all of the above modifications to the specification.

783
784

3.8.1

Standard Performance Data Measurement and Output Requirements

Data Elements: All Data Center Storage products shall be capable of measuring and reporting thefollowing data elements:

785
786
787
788

i.

Input Power, in watts. Input power measurements must be reported with accuracy of lessthan or equal to 5% of the actual value for measurements greater than 200 W, through thefull range of operation. For measurements less than or equal to 200 W, the accuracy mustbe less than or equal to 10 W times the number of installed PSUs; and

789

ii.

Inlet Air Temperature (optional), in degrees Celsius, with accuracy of ± 2°C.

790
791
792
793

Note: Based on discussions with stakeholders, EPA is proposing to make the inlet air temperature
measurement requirements optional for Version 1.0, with the expectation of requiring the measurements
in Version 2.0. The ability to measure air inlet temperature will be reported in the PPDS. EPA welcomes
feedback on this approach.

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794

3.8.2

Reporting Implementation:

795
796

i.

Data shall be made available in a published or user-accessible format that is readable bythird-party, non-proprietary management systems;

797
798

ii.

Data shall be made available to end users and third-party management systems over a
standard network connection;

799
800
801

iii.

Data shall be made available via embedded components or add-in devices that are
packaged with the Data Center Storage product (e.g., a service processor, embedded
power or thermal meter or other out-of-band technology, iPDU, or pre-installed OS);

802
803
804
805

Note: EPA is requiring the collection of input power using any embedded or add-in solution for Version
1.0. Additionally EPA encourages the collection of air inlet temperature using similar techniques. EPA
intends to require that these reporting abilities be conducted by embedded components within the storage
device, and not through add-in devices for Version 2.0.

806
807
808

iv. When an open and universally available data collection and reporting standard becomes
available, manufacturers should incorporate the universal standard into their products.
3.8.3

Sampling Requirements:

809
810
811
812

i.

Input power: Input power and processor utilization measurements must be collected at a
rate of ≥ 1 measurement every 10 seconds. A rolling average, encompassing a period of
no more than 30 seconds, must be reported at a frequency of greater than or equal to once
every 10 seconds.

813
814

ii.

Inlet air temperature (optional): Inlet air temperature measurements must be collected at a
rate of ≥ 1 measurement every 10 seconds.

815
816

3.8.4

817
818
819

Documentation Requirements: The following information shall be included on the Power andPerformance Data Sheet:i.
ii.

Guaranteed accuracy levels for power and temperature measurements, and
The time period used for data averaging.

820
821
822
823
824

3.8.5

Section 3.7 may be satisfied in Version 1.0 using iPDUs. In order to satisfy the Data Elements
requirement, an iPDU must:
i. Meet all requirements for accuracy, sampling, and data reporting;ii. Be made available for sale and delivery with qualified ENERGY STAR Storage Products.

825
826
827
828
829
830

Note: EPA will allow manufactures to utilize iPDUs to meet the Version 1.0 Standard Performance Data
Measurement and Output Requirements. Due to the N to 1 relationship of Storage Products to iPDUs,
the EPA is not requiring all Storage Products include an iPDU but does anticipate delivery of qualified
Storage Products will include a sufficient number of iPDUs to provide whole system coverage. EPA
intends to eliminate the iPDU option in Version 2.0 and require that all Storage Products qualified by the
program meet these requirements as a capability integral to the Storage Product.

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831

4

832

4.1

833
834

TESTING
Test Methods

4.1.1

Test methods identified in Table 7 shall be used for purposes of evaluating idle and active
Storage product energy efficiency.

835

Table 7: Test Methods for ENERGY STAR Qualification
Product Type
Test Method
ENERGY STAR Test Method for Data Center Storage Equipment,
All
Rev. TBD.

836
837
838

Note: The reference in this table is revised to point to the ENERGY STAR Test Method. This document, adraft of which is distributed with this Draft 3 Specification, references the SNIA Emerald Power Efficiency
Measurement Specification, Version 1.0 (23 August 2011).

839
840
841
842

EPA is aware of developments in the industry towards revising the SNIA Emerald Power Efficiency
Measurement Specification to effectively evaluate Active State efficiency measurements using
Heterogeneous Storage Devices. EPA looks forward to continued progress on these efforts and hopes toimplement revisions prior to finalization of Version 1.0.

843

4.2

844

Number of Units Required for Testing

4.2.1

Representative Models shall be selected for testing per the following requirements:

845
846
847

i.

For qualification of an individual product model, a product configuration equivalent to thatwhich is intended to be marketed and labeled as ENERGY STAR is considered theRepresentative Model;

848
849
850
851
852

ii.

For qualification of a product family one or more Optimization Configurations shall be tested
and submitted. Within the range defined by the Maximum Configuration, Minimum
Configuration, and Optimal Configuration, manufacturers continue to be held accountable forany efficiency claims made about their products, including those not tested or for which data
was not reported;

853

5

EFFECTIVE DATE

854
855
856
857
858

5.1.1

Effective Date: The Version 1.0 ENERGY STAR Data Center Storage specification shall takeeffect on the dates specified in Table 8. To qualify for ENERGY STAR, a product model shallmeet the ENERGY STAR specification in effect on its date of manufacture. The date of
manufacture is specific to each unit and is the date on which a unit is considered to becompletely assembled.

859
860
861
862
863

5.1.2

Future Specification Revisions: EPA reserves the right to change this specification should
technological and/or market changes affect its usefulness to consumers, industry, or theenvironment. In keeping with current policy, revisions to the specification are arrived at throughstakeholder discussions. In the event of a specification revision, please note that the ENERGYSTAR qualification is not automatically granted for the life of a product model.

864

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865

Table 8: Specification Effective Date
Effective Date
January 2013

866
867
868
869

Note: EPA is proceeding with a goal to complete development of the Version 1.0 Data Center Storage
program by October 2012. As a reminder, the Data Center Storage program would have a slightly
delayed effective date to enable CB and lab certification for testing storage products. Therefore, EPA willchose an effective date in January 2013, approximately 3 months following finalization.

870

6 CONSIDERATIONS FOR FUTURE REVISIONS

871
872

Note: This section will be updated in further drafts to capture issues that, while excluded from the Version
1.0 specification, may be reevaluated in future versions.

873

TBD

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