Annex 4. Session Summary

Session Summary ofFNCA JFY2012 Workshop on Mutation Breeding Project
Session 1 Final Report for Sub-Project on Composition or Quality in RiceTen Member Countries presented their final report for Sub-Project on Composition or Quality inRice. The brief summaries are as follows:
Bangladesh (Dr. A.N.K. Mamun, BAEC)
We are going to release one variety very soon and the other one to two varieties with in two years.
Other mutant lines are selected from carbon ion beam irradiated seeds. Mutant that is going to bereleased as variety soon produces higher yields than popular variety cultivated now. This variety
will help to inter cropping and it would be possible to bring about 1,500,000 ha additional land
under mustard/rapessed cultivation with a total additional production of 2,000,000 tons ofmustard/rapessed, which will inturn produce 800,000 tons of edible oil after release of the mutant
as variety.
China (Dr. Shu Qingyao, ZU)
To increase the nutritional value of rice grains, ten mutant lines with reduced phytate content
were induced. To further understand the molecular genetic features of induced mutations, about
ten mutated genes were identified and sequenced; results showed that most gamma rays induced
mutations are short deletions (1-11 basebapirs), but nucleotide substitution and large deletion (upto 1.45kb) were also observed.
Indonesia (Dr. Sobrizal, BATAN)
To meet the Indonesian domestic demand for both rice grain quality and quantity, high variabilityof pure lines derived from a cross of Indica rice variety, IR36 and Japonica rice variety,
Koshihikari have been constructed. Among these lines, KI 237 line was treated by gamma rayirradiation to remove its undesirable character. Ten high yielding and grain quality lines derived
from these treated seeds were selected as promising lines. These lines are now undermulti-location yield trials and other examinations such as grain quality and pests and diseases
resistances as requirements of variety release in Indonesia.
Japan (Dr. Minoru Nishimura, IRB)
We completed amylose library consisted of Koshihikari and Hitomebore NILs withamylose-content gradients of about 2%. They will be used for the genetic analysis in the newMAFF project from 2013. We also analyzed the temperature response of low amylose mutantstrains.

-1-Korea (Dr. Si-Yong Kang, KAERI)
During the last research period of the project, we developed a rice mutant variety, cv. “Goldami-1”
and then released from the KAERI. “Goldami-1” was developed by radiation fusion technology
combining with plant tissue culture, and had a character of 70% increased amino acid comparedwith the original variety "Dongan" and check variety "Youngan", high lysine accumulating variety.
A mutant line, T1001-1, was isolated from in vitro mutagenized population by ionizing radiationand shown to have increased VitE contents. To study the molecular mechanism of VitE
biosynthesis, we identified rice genome encodes seven VitE biosynthetic enzymes and we analyzed
their expression patterns. In addition, some of basic studies on rice have been conducted focusing
on bio-effect and gene expression by ion-beam irradiation compared with gamma ray irradiationand space environment treatment.
Malaysia (Dr. Abdul Rahim Bin Harun, Nuclear Malaysia)
Malaysian Nuclear Agency has produced 2 mutant variety adaptable to water input requirement
through gamma radiation. Under Sub-Project on Composition or Quality in Rice, Nuclear
Malaysia had sent MR219, MRQ74, MR211 and Pongsu Seribu to JAEA for ionbeam irradiation.
Radiosensitivity test were carried out and optimum doses for those variety has been identified. 31
mutant lines of MR219 irradiated with 60Gy ion beam had been analysed for determination ofphysic-chemical characteristics such as amylose contents, alkaline spreading value (ASV),
equilibrium water content (EWC) and lipid. The results from this study showed that ion beam
radiation caused some great performance changing in the agronomic traits of some mutant lines
as compared to the control. Based on overall data recorded, ML21 had the greatest performance interm of yield.
The Philippines (Ms. Adelaida C. Barrida, PNRI)
Gamma and ion beam irradiations were used for improving the grain quality and agronomic
characteristics of IR 72. In the gamma irradiated selections, four mutant lines with intermediateamylose content using the quantitative method were selected at 300 Gy and one line at 200 Gy.
Increased in the protein content was obtained on those plants irradiated with 200 Gy gamma raysat M4 generation.
Thailand (Dr. Suniyom Taprab, RD)
Rice mutation breeding had been applied since 1965 with KDML105 gamma irradiation. Throughconventional pedigree selection, high quality glutinous mutant derived and released in 1977
designated RD6. One year later, another non-glutinous mutant with as good quality as its wild
type (KDML105) had been released. These 2 mutant varieties contribute more than a half ofrain-fed rice production. In 1981, glutinous photo-insensitive mutant, RD10, had been released. It
had been derived from mutation induction by fast neutron in 1969. It made big increasing inglutinous rice production since it could be grown in any period of time during our cropping season.
Vietnam (Ms. Dao Thi Thanh Bang, AGI)
Mutation induction is useful tool for rice breeding improvement in case of changing one or twocharacters but not disturbing the rest characters. Improving productivity of quality rice variety is-2-

aim of research. Mutant variety DT39 Quelam has been created from Bacthom 7 variety by
Cobalt-60 gamma-ray source with the dose 200Gy. Main charaters of new variety are 14 % higher
yield than the origin with amylase contents of 17.8% and protein contents of 9.1% , and better
resistant to bacterial leaf blight than Bacthom 7. New variety has been certified as new variety inJanuary 2013. The project is performed from summer season 2008.

Session 2 Five-Year Plan for Next Project on Mutation Breeding of Rice for Sustainable Agriculture
All participating countries introduced their 5-year plan for next project on Mutation Breeding ofRice for Sustainable Agriculture, as follows:
Bangladesh (Dr. A.N.K. Mamun, BAEC)
To overcome the effect of climate change and also improve rice productivity, we should develop
high yielding, early material rice variety with abiotic stress tolerance by using gamma and carbon
ion beam radiation as well as in vitro techniques. It is also necessary to give effort to reduce theuse of water, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.
China (Dr. Shu Qingyao, ZU)
The objective for the next 5 years are to elucidate the effect of gamma rays and ion beamirradiation on rice genome to reveal the features of induced mutation and to develop mutant lines
with heat tolerance, weak photoperiod sensitivity and long grain shape for super-yielding hybrid
rice cultivar. New technologies like next generation sequencing methods will be deployed in thestudy.
Indonesia (Dr. Sobrizal, BATAN)
To fulfill the Indonesian rice demand, the national rice production should be increased. It can beachieved by increasing yield / ha and increasing rice harvesting index through growing highyielding and early maturity of rice varieties. In this research, breeding of rice varieties for highyielding and early maturity will be conducted through a wide cross and mutation techniques.
Japan (Dr. Minoru Nishimura, IRB)
Three topics were proposed as follows.
1) Mutants expressing phenotypes of glutinous endosperm, chlorophyll b deficiency, endosperm
protein deficiency, dwarfism, and shortened plastochron were analyzed. The result shows thatof the 24 mutations 15 were small deletions (1-16bp), four were large deletions (9.4-129.7kbp),
three were single-base substitutions, and two were inversions. These results suggest that
gamma irradiation is more likely to induce deletions between 1 and several ten bp or those ofaround 10kbp or more.
2) Mutants with cool tolerance at the booting stage by gamma-ray irradiation from 5 originalvarieties with different tolerance were selected. More tolerant mutants than original variety
could not be obtained. It was also reported that recent high temperature stress in summer
deteriorated the grain quality of many varieties.
3) To increase the biomass of plants more than before, combining the advantage of mutation
breeding and cross breeding was emphasized.
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Korea (Dr. Si-Yong Kang, KAERI)
Some of mutation breeding researches in rice were suggested for next 5-year research plan of theFNCA meeting among the ongoing research projects of the KAERI. One of suggested researches
will be continuing the composition and salt tolerance breeding in rice. The other will be conducted
mainly on mutagenesis of ion-beam irradiated rice seeds.
Malaysia (Dr. Abdul Rahim Bin Harun, Nuclear Malaysia)
Challenges rice production in Malaysia is abiotic stress due scarcity of water in the future due toclimate change and rice blast disease which severelly infected rice granarry area recentlly in 2012.
Therefore Malaysian will propose the induce mutation breeding for the production of newvarieties of high yield rice with low water consumption and resistance rice mutant to blast diseasein line with the theme of FNCA Project on Mutation Breeding of Rice for Sustainable Agriculture.
By having mutant can withstand with law water input and variety resistance to blast disease, thefarmers can reduce the use of chemical and increase income.
Mongolia (Dr. Bayarsukh Noov, PSARI)
The mutation breeding in Mongolia has been conducted by PSARI since 1970’s. But, mutation
breeding tool mainly used for the enhancement of genetic diversity in wheat through and over
20,000 mutant lines of wheat developed and used for new variety improvement and also a few
mutant varieties released.
Agriculture sector in Mongolia has been confronting numerous climate change challenges
including severe drought, distribution of harmful pest and diseases, degradation of the grassland,
etc. The mutation breeding technique has been successfully used for crop improvement activities
among regional countries as most potential and easy tool for combating climate change affects.
Recognizing, potential of mutation breeding technique Mongolia will carry out experiments on thedevelopment of drought tolerant and diseases resistant new varietes of wheat and barley throughthe combined use of mutation breeding and molecular technique.
The Philippines (Ms. Adelaida C. Barrida, PNRI)
Improvement of Traditional Rice Varieties by Gamma Irradiation
The characteristics of traditional rice varieties are tall, late maturing, susceptible to lodging,seasonal, low yielding and susceptible to pest and diseases. With the application of gamma
irradiation it is hope to improve the agronomic characteristics of these rice varieties. The study
aims to develop mutants with improved agronomic traits and can adapt at organic farming.
Thailand (Dr. Suniyom Taprab, RD)
When photoperiodism and dosages of gamma ray were considered, it was found that 20 Kr (200greys) and 30 Kr (300 greys) induced different frequency of mutation on amylose content. Both 20
Kr and 30 Kr induced similar distribution of mutants in case of photoperiod sensitive. Amongphotoperiod insensitive mutants derived from RD15, 20 Kr induced higher amylose while 30 Kr
induced lower amylose than its wild type. M7 mutants showed bigger grain size but shorter
length than their wild types. Aromatic rice with low amylose content were obtained fromKDML105 mutants. Newly found aromatic rice with high amylose content derived from RD15-4-mutants could not be detected on its 2-acetyl-1 pyrroline compound. Those mutants might containother volatile aromatic compound.
Vietnam (Ms. Dao Thi Thanh Bang, AGI)
50% of rice area production in Vietnam is not good condition for cultivation due to flooding,drought, salinity, pest and disease problem. Beside that, Vietnam is one of countries affected byclimate change and by increase of sea water. Mutation induction of rice variety is power full tool
to fill the duty. Local variety is selected from gene bank resources for irradiation treatment.
Selection process is started from M2 generation. Mutated lines will be put into stress condition fordrought, salinity or pest and disease artificial infection in order to select the best tolerant lines fordifficult conditions. Next generation will be continued for selection in field condition andevaluation agronomic trait. Out put of project: select 2-3 mutant varieties to develop in larger
scale and submit for new varieties.

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