Social Measuresfor Safe School Travel in Japan
Mirai Takamatsu

https://www.photo-ac.com/main/search?q=登下校&pp=70&srt=dlrank&qt=&p=1

The number of volunteer patrollers in Japan“Create a crime-resistant society” by the Japanese government (ACMCM, 2003)[1]→ Rise to crime prevention initiatives involving citizen volunteers (Motoyanagi, 2011)[2]→ Gradually decreasing though still over 2.5 million (Schimkowsky, 2020)[3]The number of volunteer patroller organizations
The number of volunteer patrollers

Source:[1],[2],[3]https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/hanzai/kettei/031218keikaku.pdf
http://hdl.handle.net/2065/35089
https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2020.1852363

National Policy Agency

Source: [4]https://safety-fujisawa.jimdo.com/過去のお知らせ一覧/ちょうご防犯パトロール隊 -１/

1. School RouteInspection
Hearing elementary
school students about
dangerous places
Students make schoolroute safety maps on
their own

https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/a-jirei.pdf
https://www.bouhan.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/paper/map/map_1224.pdf

2. Blue patrol cars
Volunteer patrollers drive
the neighborhood area by
their own patrol cars

https://www.city.nishitokyo.lg.jp/kurasi/iza/bohan/aoiropato.html

3. Dog walking patrol(Add-on crime prevention)
Volunteer patrollers watch
over the neighborhoodarea while walking theirdogs

https://www.npa.go.jp/safetylife/seianki55/katsudo_jirei/01hokkaido/k_hokkaido_maruyama.html

Crime Prevention throughEnvironmental Design (CPTED) on
School Roads
Taizo Yuri

Japan's approach to crime prevention
What’s CPTED?: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design [1][2]●●the environment-focused approach to crime (Jeffery, 1971)
the concept of “defensible space” (Newman, 1973)→ Activities and Environment complement each otherGood●●●●Look at all people equallyImmediate results can be expected
Based on private sector → reduction of administrative burdens
Involve other fields
7Security Booth Managed by Neighborhood
Organization[3][4]● About○ Base of operations for volunteer
patrollers■ Set up mainly by the shopping district● Establishment○ No police boxes were around here
→ crime has increased● Activity○ Functions of police box○ Patrolling the shopping district● Concept○ Creating a safe and secure town
Source:[5],[6]https://www.meidaimaepeacemakers.jp/p/blog-page_2800.html
https://www.city.machida.tokyo.jp/kurashi/bouhan/bouhan/houhantaisaku/minkankouban_SBS.html

8Planned Residential Area
Based on the Design Guide● Enhancing natural surveilance○ Install image hump and security cameras○ Cameras are a complementary measure
to community building● Develop lighting plans compatible
with the landscape○ Improve visibility at night● Placing a pedestrian-only road
○ Separating pedestrians
and vehicles○ Organize local community events
Source:[7]https://www.mlit.go.jp/chosahokoku/giken/program/kadai/pdf/jusyo/H25/anzen2_04.pdf

9Children’s SOS Safety Station “number 110”
● About※110: Japanese police telephone number○ Sites served as emergency evacuation sites for children
to protect themselves from crime / suspicious persons○ Stickers are designed to help deter criminals● Site○ Private homes○ Stores○ Business premises○ Public construction sites

Source:[8][9][10]https://www.city.koto.lg.jp/105020/bosai/bohan/15866.html
http://cache.pref.saitama.lg.jp/a0104/kaikaku-3s/documents/360424.pdf
https://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/kenkei/a01_safety/child/110house_kids.html

10Infrastructural Measures forTraffic Safety in Japan
Euijung Hong

Background of Japan
Number of fatalities in traffic accidents
18800,000

16,765（1970）

16

Main roads(road width>5.5m)

14
12
10
8
6
4

3,790（1949）

600,000

720,000

400,000

210,000

Residential roads

100,000

001948 43 58 63 68 73 78 83 88 93 98 2003 08 13 182004

2018
Annual Traffic Accident Statistics

National Police Agency

A half of fatalities are walking or riding a Bicycle
11人(0.3%)

1,197（34%）

310,000

200,000

3,215（2019）2Decrease rate of accident on residential roads
are smaller than trunk roads

A half of fatal accidents occur within 500 mfrom home

It is important toimprove traffic safety
on residential roads

Number of fatal accidents by distance from home (pedestrians /bicycles)

Walk
1,258
(36%)

Bicycle401453（11%）212(13%)（6%）

Walk
BicycleScooter
Motorcycle
CarETCOver 2km（24%）
Under 2km（12%）
Under 1km（15%）

N=3,532

National Police Agency

Source:[11]https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/2-2-1.pdf

Within500m(49%)

N=1,697
Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis

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Area traffic control ‘Zone 30’●●Limits driving
speed of the entire
zone within
30Km/h(19mph)
It can improvepedestrian safety
on residential roads

Entrance of zone30

Inside a zone

Source:[12]https://www.keishicho.metro.tokyo.jp/kotsu/doro/zone30/about_zone30.html

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Entrance measures● Crossing with Road HumpBefore● Rising bollard

After● Minatogawa, Urasoe, Okinawa● Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata

Source: [13][14]https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/kokajirei/47_b.pdf
https://www.sankei.com/photo/story/news/170410/sty1704100019-n1.html

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Traffic speed control measures● Chicane (Suginami, Tokyo)● Hump● Choker (Inazawa, Aichi)● Block paving(Suginami, Tokyo)

Source: [15][16][17]https://www.npa.go.jp/koutsuu/kikaku/regulation_wg/kisei_wg/02/siryou4.pdf
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/tnn/tnn1088pdf/ks108814.pdf
https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/radm-jirei/2-1g.pdf

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Secure pedestrian space● Guardrail● Colored asphalt paving(Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi)
BeforeSource: [18]https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/radm-jirei/2-2e.pdf

After

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Differences and common points between
Japan and China of children going toschool
Huang Yilin
17

Differences*Go to school alone
or with friends

1*Pick up by guardians(Parents or grandparents）

https://amanaimages.com/info/infoRF.aspx?SearchKey=10230001
078&GroupCD=2299073&no=&rtm=likeimage

http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2012-1030/023925465834.shtml*About 98% children
walking to school2*It depends on school andarea.（eg：Beijing2011,private car
46.8%,public transportation7.4%,schoolbus 28.9%)
www.myfls.com.cn

https://daydaynews.cc/international/265744.html*Vehicle inhibited in
7:30-8:30
https://www.lotascard.jp/column/trouble/6821/

3*Immediate pick/drop
parking area for school run
https://www.sohu.com/a/168871813_348961

Japan*Source【19】：https://www.taro.org/2013/04/post_1332.php

China*Source【20】：https://wenku.baidu.com/view/d1eeeab76bec0975f465e2ca.html

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Common Points*Both have Clear Sign1
https://hj.pcauto.com.cn/article/86473.html

https://www.yu-ga.co.jp/blog/house_reform/blindfold-fence.php*Both have many participants tomake sure the system goes well2.“Eyes on the street”

Students

SchoolGuardians

Police. Multilateral cooperationin the system: Win-win

https://blog.goo.ne.jp/hiraku2014/m/201509

Japan

China

19

Thank you

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School Travel inSouth Korea
Euijung Hong

Commute distance in South Korea● In South Korea elementary schools are located close to residential areasso that students can commute to school by walk.

● ‘Rules on the Installation, Structure and Arrangement of Urban and County
Planning Facilities’○ Elementary school should be considered the relationship with other public facilities so thatstudents can commute safely and conveniently, and the commuting distance must be within
1,500m(0.93 miles).

source: [21]https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=129542#0000

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Commute method and time in South Korea

N=385,044

Walk 85%
N=385,044

source: [22]https://kosis.kr/common/meta_onedepth.jsp?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&listid=A_4

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South Korean school travel compared to Japan●

There are a lot of common points with Japanese school travel.
○○●

Almost every students walk to school
Schools are located near from residential areas

However, there are no ‘Group commuting’ culture in South Korea.

Japansource: [23][24]https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/ohtaniakira/20200513-00177472/
https://www.dnews.co.kr/uhtml/view.jsp?idxno=202010191311360370619

South Korea
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References[1] ACMCM. (2003). Hanzai ni tsuyoi shakai no jitsugen no tame no kōdō keikaku. [Action plan to create a crime-resistant society]. Prime Minister's Office.
https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/hanzai/kettei/031218keikaku.pdf[2] Motoyanagi, T. (2011). Hanzai tōsei to haijo [Crime control and exclusion]. Waseda Journal of Social Sciences, 18, 33–48. http://hdl.handle.net/2065/35089.
[3] Schimkowsky, C. (2020). Crime prevention in a low-crime nation: an enquiry into Japanese bōhan initiatives. Contemporary Japan.
[4] 藤沢市の安全安心情報 ―ちょうご防犯パトロール隊の活動 https://safety-fujisawa.jimdo.com/過去のお知らせ一覧 /ちょうご防犯パトロール隊 -１/[5] 明大前ピースメーカーズ (Meidaimae-Peacemakers, volunteer neighborhood watch group) https://www.meidaimaepeacemakers.jp/p/blog-page_2800.html[6] 民間交番セーフティボックスサルビアの運営 /町田市ホームページ (Machida city)
https://www.city.machida.tokyo.jp/kurashi/bouhan/bouhan/houhantaisaku/minkankouban_SBS.html[7] 樋野公宏「防犯性の高い市街地形成に向けた取り組み ―『防犯まちづくりデザインガイド』の作成と普及」 (Approaches to the Formation of Urban Areas with High Crime
Prevention - Preparation and Dissemination of the “Crime Prevention Urban Development Design Guide”)
https://www.mlit.go.jp/chosahokoku/giken/program/kadai/pdf/jusyo/H25/anzen2_04.pdf[8] 東京都江東区－こども 110番の家 (Koto Ward, Tokyo Pref. – House of number 110 of Child)https://www15.j-server.com/LUCKOTO/ns/tl.cgi/https%3a//www.city.koto.lg.jp/105020/bosai/bohan/15866.html?SLANG=ja&TLANG=en&XMODE=0&XPARAM=q,&XCHARS
ET=utf-8&XPORG=,&XJSID=0[9] こどもSOS安全確保ステーション (Children’s SOS Safety Station) http://cache.pref.saitama.lg.jp/a0104/kaikaku-3s/documents/360424.pdf[10] 「こどもを守る 110番の家」って知ってる？／茨城県警察 (pref.ibaraki.jp) https://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/kenkei/a01_safety/child/110house_kids.html[11] 国土交通省｜交通事故の現状 (Current status of traffic accidents) https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/2-2-1.pdf[12] 警視庁｜ゾーン 30とは?(What is a Zone 30?) https://www.keishicho.metro.tokyo.jp/kotsu/doro/zone30/about_zone30.html

25References[13] 国土交通省 |「生活道路対策エリア」の取組事例 (Examples of a "Residential road measure area") https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/kokajirei/47_b.pdf[14] 産経フォト｜自動でニュキニョキ 通学路で子供たちを守る「ライジングボラード」新潟で全国初の試み ("Rising Bollard" that automatically protects children on the school
road, the first attempt in Japan in Niigata) https://www.sankei.com/photo/story/news/170410/sty1704100019-n1.html[15] 国土交通省道路局｜生活道路対策における物理的デバイス (Physical devices for a residential road measure)https://www.npa.go.jp/koutsuu/kikaku/regulation_wg/kisei_wg/02/siryou4.pdf[16] 国土技術政策総合研究所｜連続での狭さく設置 (Continuous choker installation)
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/bcg/siryou/tnn/tnn1088pdf/ks108814.pdf[17] 国土交通省 |「生活道路対策エリア」の取組事例 (Examples of a "Residential road measure area")
https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/radm-jirei/2-1g.pdf[18] 国土交通省 |「生活道路対策エリア」の取組事例 (Examples of a "Residential road measure area")
https://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road/traffic/sesaku/pdf/radm-jirei/2-2e.pdf[19]Kono Taro(2013),Thinking about the difference between Japan and the United States from childrens’ school commuting,Kono Taro Official Website
https://www.taro.org/2013/04/post_1332.php[20]Yu Liu,Liu Ying(2011),Journal of Transportation System Engineering and Information Technology,[Traffic Characteristics Analysis and Suggestions on School Bus
Operation for Primary School Students in Beijing],Beijing Transportation Research Center. https://wenku.baidu.com/view/d1eeeab76bec0975f465e2ca.html[21] 국가법령정보센터 | 도시·군계획시설의 결정·구조 및 설치기준에 관한 규칙(Rules on the Installation, Structure and Arrangement of Urban and County PlanningFacilities) https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=129542#0000[22]국가통계포털 |인구총조사 (Population and Housing Census)
https://kosis.kr/common/meta_onedepth.jsp?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&listid=A_4[23]交通事故から大切な子どもの命を守るために。新型コロナウィルスの影響に配慮した “普段通り ”の対策を。 (To protect children from traffic accidents. Take "as usual"measures in consideration of COVID-19) https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/ohtaniakira/20200513-00177472/[24]매일등교 첫날 초등학생 등교로 분주… 학교·학부모 ‘긴장’ (Elementary school students are busy with school travel. Parents and School are get strained)
https://www.dnews.co.kr/uhtml/view.jsp?idxno=202010191311360370619

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