Nuclear Human Resource
Development (N-HRD) Studies
in Turkey
Mr. Salih SARI
Nuclear Engineer, M.Sc.
Nuclear Energy Project Implementation Department
The Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources

Consultancy Meeting on Strengthening N-HRKD Networking, Tokyo, Japan
13-15 February 2017

Content
1. Current Status of Turkey’s Nuclear Power
Program
2. The Role of Project Companies in N-HRD
3. Key Steps in National N-HRD Studies
4. Possible Structure of National N-HRD Network forTurkey
5. Conclusions
2Part 1:
Current Status of Turkey’s Nuclear Power
Program3

Why NPP for Turkey?
 Reduction of energy
dependence on imported
sources in electricity generation

Job Creation

 Diversifying primary energy
sources in the generation mix

NuclearIndustrial
Development

EnergySupplySecurity
REASONS Development of heavy & hightechnology industry power Reduction of GHG emmission
arised from energy sector

 Lower electricity price forindustry

Science andTechnology
Development

Environmental
Protection

4

Turkey’s Nuclear Power Program• 3 NPPs (12 reactors) to be installed in Turkey by 2030
Signature of Agreement wt
Japan on 3 May 2013
Sinop NPP
3rd NPP: Site selection studies are ongoing

Akkuyu NPP

Signature of Agreement wt
Russian Federation on 12 May 2010

5Technical & Economic Parameters
Akkuyu NPP Project

Sinop NPP Project

VVER-1200

ATMEA1

Number of Unit

44

Total InstalledCapacity

4800 MW(35 bn kWh/yr)

4500 MW(33 bn kWh/yr)

Operation Time for
Each Unit

60 years

60 years

Estimated Cost ofProject

20 billions USD

22 billions USD

Financial Model

Build-Own-Operate

Public-Private-Partnership(Shareholders: Itochu, MHI, GDF andEUAS)JAPCO (Ithocu, MHI, GDF) > 51%; EUAS =30-49%

Plant TypeRosatom affiliates = 100% (initial)
Rosatom affiliates > 51%
Power Purchase
Guaranty

50% of electricity output
15 years
Fixed priceNo escalation in the price
After PPA, transfer of 20% of net profit toTurkish Treasury

100% of electricity output
20 years
Fixed price
Change in the price after the feasibility
study
6

Time Schedule of NPP Projects
Application for construction license in 20172018

2023-2026

First Concretefor Akkuyu NPP

4 Units to bein OPeration

Completion of feasibility studies, EcIA and EIA; obtaining of site license in 20182019
First Concretefor Sinop NPP

2023-2024

2027-28

1st 2 Units to bein Operation

2st 2 Units to bein Operation

7

Completion of negotiations with vendor company in 20172019

By 2030

Completion of Feasibility
Study and EIA for 3rd NPP

3rd NPP to be inOperation

78

Part 2:The Role of Project Companies in N-HRD

8

Nuclear Education & Training in Turkey
Sinop
Istanbul
AnkaraThere is no any vocational school giving
education on nuclear technology or nuclear
applications

Izmir

Antalya
Name

Bachelor

MasterPhD

Field

Hacettepe Unv. (in Ankara)
Istanbul Technical Unv.
(Training-research reactor)

1977, 1982
Nuclear Engineering

Sinop Unv.
Ege Unv. (in Izmir)

Establishment
1961, 2003
2015Industrial applications of nuclear,environmental radiation detection

1966

Hacettepe Unv. (in Ankara)

Radiation physics and its applications

2003

Akdeniz Unv. (Antalya)

Radiation physics and its applications

2013

Ankara Unv.

Medical applications, health physics,
radiation protection and monitoring

2006
9

N-HRD Activities in Akkuyu NPP Project• 30% of plant staff will be Turkish personnel.
• 600 Turkish students will be trained in Russia (atMEPhI University) by Akkuyu Project Company.
(262 students were sent to Russia between 20112016)• The training program includes:
 5-yrs undergraduate program (1-yr Russianlanguage, 4-yrs nuclear engineering education)
 6 months to 2 yrs master’s degree program on the job training at nuclear plants in Russia
during summer months••

After they complete their education in Russia, they will work at Akkuyu NPP as
operators and engineers.
Akkuyu Project Company will establish an onsite nuclear training center for training of
Turkish people (especially for initial training of technician and qualified crafts;
10continuing training of operators and engineers)

N-HRD Obligations in Sinop NPPProject• Sinop Project Company will prepare a nuclear
human resources development (N-HRD) plan aswell as localization and technology transfer plansfor Sinop Project.
• N-HRD plan will include a local participation rate
at the construction and operation stages of theSinop NPP and a roadmap to achieve this rate.
• A large nuclear training center will be establishednear plant site for training of Turkish people .
• A Turkish-Japanese University (including nuclear
enginering and science education programmes)
will be established in Turkey.

11

Part 3:
Key Steps in National N-HRD Studies

12Key Steps in National N-HRD Studies

IAEA
Workshop
onWorkforce
Planning &HRD

July2013

IAEA INIR
Mission(Phase 2)

NPHR
ModelAppliction(TAEK,Hacettepe
Unv-NEPID)

NationalWorkshopon Nuclear
Industrial
Devlpmt &HRD

IAEA
ExpertMissionto Review
Draft
National
HRD PlanNovember2013

Aug 2013Nov 2014

March2015

May2015

NPHR modelling tool was used to determine workforce
needs (2014-2035) for:
NEPIDTAEK (new regulatory authority)Project companies
Nuclear power plants (construction & operation stages)
Universities and research centers

Draft
Strategy
Report on
HRD, TechTransferand R&DRoad Mapon Nuclear
HRD for2017-23(HigherCouncil ofScience &Technolgy)

2015

Underdevelopment

13

Recent Developments on National NHRD

• Ankara Chamber of Industry (ACI) is studying on theestablishment of a pilot training center and highschool in Ankara for training of «middle man»(technicians and crafts) required for nuclearindustry.

ADA Meeting on «Nuclear Training Center»(April 2016)

 Ankara Development Agency (ADA) will
provide financial support to the project.
 ACI signed a cooperation agreement with I2EN
(International Institute of Nuclear Energy) inFrance to develop education programs andcertifications to be given in the nuclear training
center. (In addition, cooperation with Rosatom)

Signature for Establishment of Turkish- Japanese University(June 2016)• Establishment Law of Turkish-Japanese Scienceand Technology University was ratified by Turkish
14Parliament in 2016.

Recent Developments on National NHRD
• Ministry of Energy initiated a study to get in touchwith Turkish nuclear experts living abroad.
• Gedik University (a private university) decided tostart an advanced welding education program to beneeded for nuclear industry.
• Turkey joined to Human Resources and Knowledge
Development Networks Initiative of IAEA along withMalaysia and Japan. (in the future with Poland)

15

Near Future Works on National N-HRD• Overview of existing national secondary and higher education programmes fornuclear industry and updating them if necessary• Opening new nuclear engineering programs at undergraduate and graduate levels• Training of trainers (especially for trainers of «middle-men»)• Establishing a nuclear training center for training of “middle man” on safety culture& radiation protection• Establishing an effective strategy for attracting good Turkish students to selectstudy on nuclear field• Establishing an effective reverse brain drain mechanism which attracting Turkish
nuclear experts working abroad to work at nuclear industry to be established inTurkey

16

Part 4:
Possible Structure of National N-HRD
Network for Turkey

17National N-HRD Network• The network will ensure «close cooperation among …» in the solution ofproblems regarding with N-HRD.
• Purpose: To develop nuclear workforce with a sustainable way
Ministries,
Local Authorities

Government

Project Companies,
Nuclear Manufacturers,
RAW Organization,
NGOs

Industry

AcademiaUniversities,
R&D Organizations

18

Possible Structure of N-HRKD Network
Government ofTurkey
FINANCIALSUPPORT
Secretariat: NEPID(coordination)
Universities,
Vocational Schools
ProjectCompanies,Chambers ofIndustry

TECHNICALSUPPORTRegulatory Body

National
Education
Authorities
NGOs
Training & ResearchCenters,
Scientific & TechnologicalAuthorities
EDUCATION &TRAINING
Students, Young
Researchers,
Academic Personnel

19Possible Structure of N-HRKD Network• Financial support may be get from: Ministry of Development
 Ministry of Science, Industry &Technology
 Ministry of Economy• Technical support (training including onthe-job training, establishment of atraining center, etc.) may be get from: Vendor companies
 Rosatom, MHI, Areva, etc.
 International organizations• IAEA, JICC, I2EN, CICE&T, etc.
20

Possible Structure of SteeringCommittee• Position in the Network: It is the highest decision-making bodyof the network.
• Role:• Discussion and evaluation of network activities,• Planning working group and sub-working groups accordinglevel of activities and problems• Possible Chairman: Deputy Undersecretary of Energy Ministry(MENR) – related with nuclear energy programme• Possible Secretariat: NEPID

21

ACADEMIA

INDUSTRY

GOVTMembers of Steering Committee••••••Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources (as policy maker on nuclear energy)
Ministry of Science, Industry & Technology (as responsible on development of industry)
Ministry of Economy (as responsible authority on investment incentives)
Ministry of Development (as financial supporter to local companies)
Ministry of National Education (as secondary education authority)
Turkish Atomic Energy Authority (as regulatory body on nuclear safety & radiation protection)•Project Companies
 Akkuyu Nuclear JSC (as owner & operator of Akkuyu NPP) Sinop Nuclear JSC (as owner & operatör of Sinop NPP)
 3rd Nuclear JSC (as owner and operatör of 3rd NPP)
Chambers of Industry (in the name of local nuclear manufacturers)
Radioactive Waste Management Organization (to be established for disposal of RAW)
Turkish Electricity Generation Company (EUAS) including EUAS International ICC
Radiation Protection Experts Society
Nuclear Industry Association of Turkey
Nuclear Engineers Society of Turkey

••
•
•
•
•
••

•
•

Higher Education CouncilUniversities
 Hacettepe University (in Ankara), Istanbul Technical University (in Istanbul), Sinop University, Ankara
University, Ege University, Turkish-Japanese Nuclear Science & Technology University (to beestablished)
Turkish Scientific and Technological Council
 Marmara Nuclear Reserach Center to be established in Istanbul
Nuclear Education & Research Centers under TAEA
 Cekmece Nuclear Education & Research Center (in Istanbul),
22
 Saraykoy Nuclear Education & Research Center (in Ankara)

Possible Sub-Working Groups• SWG-1: Development of nuclear education at secondary & higher
education levels.
• SWG-2: HRD for manufacturing and construction of NPPs
• SWG-3: HRD for operation of nuclear power plants• SWG-4: HRD for government• SWG-5: HRD for academia• SWG-6: Establishment and implementation of an attractive
mechanisms for good Turkish students to study on nuclear energy,and Turkish and foreign nuclear experts working abroad to work atnuclear industry in Turkey.

23

Part 5:Conclusions

24

Conclusions• Turkey considers nuclear energy as inevitable for its electricity generation
mixture.
• In addition, Turkey is aware that the development of manpower with asustainable way is chief pillars of its nuclear power program.
• To achieve this, Turkey should establish an effective national network on
N-HRD to coordinate activities and solve the problems effectively andefficiently.
• Therefore, Turkish Energy Ministry gives a great importance to next
meeting to be held in Turkey since this meeting is considered as the first
golden step for the establishment of the network.

25

Thank You Very Much For Your Kind
Attention

Contact:
ssari@enerji.gov.tr
nepud.enerji.gov.tr
26

Challenges/Opportunities in N-HRD
Challenges:• Unsuccessful attempts for the installation of a nuclear power plant at the pastcaused
 Many Turkish nuclear experts prefered to work abroad• Lack of experience for construction and operation of a nuclear power plant cause Lack of on-the-job training opportunity (no training center) in the country for«middle men» who work at manufactruring, construction and operation stages
 Lack of nuclear safety culture incuding radiation awareness for Turkish people
who work at relevent nuclear organizations• At least two different operator, reactor design and operating language in Turkey’s
nuclear power plant projects may cause
 Non-common education & training language
 Non-common education program and certification for a specific job position27

Challenges/Opportunities in N-HRD
Opportunities:• Having nuclear engineering education at undergraduate and graduate levels andoperating nuclear research & training reactors since 1970s• Having a strong government support for nuclear energy in Turkey (also opposition
parties support nuclear energy)• Having potential to employ a significant amount of Turkish nuclear experts if theeffective policy is applied for reverse brain drain Germany which plans to phase out nuclear energy by 2022 is the firstpotential country for Turkey on this issue because most Turkish people live
there outside of Turkey, approximately 6 millions.
 USA is the second potential country for Turkey on this issue because almost
20% of alumni from nuclear engineering department in Turkey is working
there (in universities, designers, operators etc.)28Government ofTurkey
FINANCIALSUPPORT
Secretariat: NEPID(coordination)
Universities,
Vocational Schools

Project Companies,
Chambers ofIndustry

TECHNICALSUPPORT
Regulatory Body

National Education
Authorities
NGOs
Training & ResearchCenters,
Scientific & TechnologicalAuthorities

EDUCATION &TRAINING
Students, YoungResearchers,
Academic Personnel29SWG-1: Development of Nuclear
Education at Secondary & Higher
Education Levels• New undergraduate on nuclear engineering to be opened atuniversities.
• New graduate programs on specific issues in the field of nuclear
engineering to be opened for non-nuclear engineers atuniversities.
• 2 or 3 years higher technician programs for construction, operationand maintanance stages of NPPs to be opened at universities.
For instance; Radiation protection technician
 Radiochemical technician
 Nuclear instrumentation & control technician• New apprenticeship education programs specific to nuclear
industry to be opened if it is necessary.
30

SWG-2: HRD for Manufacturing andConstruction of NPPs
• Determination of training needs for personnel of potential localsuppliers.
• Ensuring cooperation with foreign nuclear manufacturers on thejob training abroad for Turkish workers (consists of engineers &technicians) in order to teach advanced manufacturing methods inthe nuclear field (training of trainers) to them.
• Establishment of nuclear training centers for Turkish techniciansand engineers who will work at manufacturing and construction
stages of the NPP projects.
• Development of nuclear training programs & tools and also
certification for nuclear training centers.

31

SWG-3: HRD for Operation of NuclearPower Plants• Project companies to established nuclear training centers
including full-scope control room simulator near plant sites fortraining of operating staff.
• An accreditation agency to be assigned or established to accredite
nuclear education programs to be given at these training centers.

32

SWG-4: HRD for Government• Ensuring cooperation with foreign regulatory bodies andinternational agencies for training of Turkish engineers andmanagers working at regulatory body, NEPIO, and othergovernment organizations.
• A refundable scholarship program to be developed andimplemented for nuclear education abroad at graduate level.
(Students have to work at government organizations aftergraduation over a significant time)33

SWG-5: HRD for Academia• Ensuring cooperation with foreign universities and research
centers for project based post-doctorate education of Turkish
academic personnel.
• Ensuring exchange lecturer program between Turkish and foreign
universities which are from USA, France, England, Japan, China,Russia, South Korea and Canada.

34

SWG-6: Establishment andImplementation of an AttractiveMechanisms…
•

Establishment and implementation of an attractive mechanisms
for good Turkish students to study on nuclear energy. (Such asgiving scholarship to students who choose to study at nuclearengineering.)•

Establishment and implementation of an attractive mechanisms
for Turkish and foreign nuclear experts working abroad to work at
nuclear industry in Turkey. (Such as giving non-refundable
scholarship to them until they find a job in nuclear industry inTurkey.)•A nuclear science museum may be opened in Turkey forelementary school students.

•Nuclear energy management courses which giving brief
information on all issues related with nuclear energy may be
added to some engineering curriculums.
35