Annex 3

Presentation Summaries of
FNCA 2021 Online Workshop on Mutation Breeding Project
January 18th – February 1, 2022
Bangladesh (Dr. A.N.K Mamun, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission)
Finally about 15 advanced promising mutant lines are selected form carbon ion beam andgamma induced population of B11 and Lombur rice land races. Two promising lines sent forregional/multiplication trials. Most of them are selected for higher yield, early & latematurity, lodging resistant, draught tolerant and suitable for cultivation in rain feed
condition, photoperiod insensitive, bold grain and also long grain and fine grain. Most ofthem are suitable for both cultivation in Aus and Aman seasons.
China (Prof. Shu Qingyao, Zhejiang University)- Breeding New Rice Varieties for Sustainable Agriculture under Climate Change Our rice mutation breeding project has been focused on (i) development of new rice mutants
with the potential to become new rice varieties, (ii) identification of mutant genes underlying
mutated traits, (iii) establishment of protocols for mutant screening, and (iv) promotion of
new mutant rice varieties for commercial production. During the past year, mutation
techniques have been deployed together with other molecular and biotechnological methods(anther culture, genomic editing, molecular marker assisted selection, etc.) for thedevelopment of conventional and hybrid rice varieties.
The main achievement of the past year includes the following: (1) Several putative mutant
lines were developed from commercial rice varieties for fast grain-filling, with enhanced
tolerance to a herbicide that can kill weedy rice; (2) Jiang-liang-you 7901, a nationallyregistered hybrid rice, with an early maturing mutant as its female line, are being grown inseveral provinces and showed great promise for further expansion. (3) A gain-of-function
mutant gene was cloned and elucidated for the xantha suppressor trait. (4) Dissection of
structural variations (SVs) induced by ion beams was performed using next generation
sequencing (NGS). The characteristics of SVs were investigated for two indica and twojaponica rice mutagenized by Ar, Ne and C ion beams, and the nature of structural variations
were investigated in detail.
Indonesia (Dr. Winda Puspitasari, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy)- Soybean Improvement through Induced Mutations and Related Biotechnology Soybean mutation breeding in Indonesia is carried out to increase national soybean
production to fulfil high demand of soybean for food and industry. One strategy that can be1

conducted to increase national soybean production is by expanding the planting area,
including marginal land that has low fertility. To overcome the drawbacks from marginalland, several strategies can be selected, such as improving soil conditions or by using
superior varieties adaptive to such soil conditions. Therefore, soybean mutation breeding in
BATAN aims to obtain superior varieties with high yields, tolerant to abiotic stress (droughtprone areas and acid soil) and have good seed quality by using induced mutation combinedwith related biotechnology.
In recent years, BATAN has succeeded in releasing several new high-yielding soybean
varieties, namely Kemuning 1 and Kemuning 2 (released in 2019) which have drought stress
tolerance, Sugentan 1 and Sugentan 2 (released in 2021) with early maturity trait of 68 and
69 days, and in the early of 2022, 1 new variety named Detara will be released, which isblack soybean with high yields and large seeds.
Different kind of specific trait of soybean varieties will provide opportunities for farmers to
select the suitable one for their environmental conditions and their preference to increasesoybean production continuously. In addition, research of soybean breeding is important tobe conducted in order to support increasing of national soybean production and to increasesoybean resilience to climate change.
Japan (Dr. Hase Yoshihiro, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology)- Progress report on the mutant screening of rice for salt tolerance Stress tolerance of crop plants is an important issue to promote the sustainable agriculture
under climate change. Mutant isolation and the functional analysis of the responsible genes
is a powerful tool to provide new genetic resources to develop stress-tolerant plants. Here,
we tried to screen salt-sensitive/tolerant mutants from the mutagenized population of
BRRIdhan47, which is one of the most salt-tolerant varieties developed in Bangladesh.
First, we performed the mutant screening for salt-sensitive mutants. The seeds of
BRRIdhan47 were mutagenized with 60 Gy of 320-MeV carbon ions, and the M2 population
was grown by a hydroponic culture. A net increase of fresh weight under normal growth
condition was measured for each plant. Then, NaCl was added to the culture solution and a
net increase of fresh weight under salinity condition (EC: ~800 mS/m) was measured. The
putative salt-sensitive mutants were selected based on the ratio between the fresh weightunder normal and salinity conditions. Unfortunately, we have not yet obtained any saltsensitive mutants, whose phenotype were confirmed in M3 generation so far. However, we
obtained a stable mutant line that shows severe withering of the leaf tip. Interestingly, thismutant line shows slightly higher tolerance under salinity condition in terms of the control
ratio. This mutant line has a homozygous 2-bp deletion in the gene on chromosome 1.
Further physiological and genetic experiments will be done to characterize the function of2

the responsible gene.
Also, we performed the mutant screening for salt-tolerant mutants. The M2 population wasgrown by a hydroponic culture, and the salinity was gradually increased up to 2,000 mS/m,
which corresponds to the half strength of sea water. A putative salt-tolerant mutant was
obtained, and the phenotype will be confirmed in the following generation.
Korea (Prof. Kang Si-Yong, Kongju National University)- Ion beam breeding research for development of useful crop genetic resources It has been suggested that ion beams with high liner energy transfer (LET) and high relative
biological effectiveness (RBE) induce higher mutation frequency and spectrum than low LET
radiations (gamma and x rays). The KOMAC (Korea Multi-Purpose Accelerator Complex)
under the KAERI was constructed in Gyeongju in 2013 and then has been provide 45 MeV
and 100 MeV proton beam irradiation service. The KAERI research group started wide
researches for setting the irradiation condition of 100 MeV proton beam of the KOMAC for
mutation breeding. Two research papers related to proton beam breeding conducted by our
research team were published in two international journals in 2021. The heavy ion beam(200 MeV) of Rare Isotope Accelerator (RAON) has been constructed at the Institute of Basic
Science in Daejeon, Korea. In near future, many applications in the plant mutation breeding
will be done using the proton and heavy ion beam with high LET. In this presentation, I
would like to introduce some research status of plant mutation breeding using proton beamirradiation in Korea.
(Article-1) Sang Hoon Kim, Sun Young Kim, Jaihyunk Ryu, Yeong Deuk Jo, Hong-Il Choi,
Jin-Baek Kim, and Si-Yong Kang (2021) Suggested doses of proton ions and gamma-rays formutation induction in 20 plant species. International Journal of Radiation Biology 97(11):1624-1629.
Abstract: Proton ions are expected to be used as a discriminative radiation source to induce
different kinds of mutations than those produced by c-rays and carbon ions; however, there
is little systemic information about radiosensitivity in plants. We analyzed the LD30, LD50,
and RD50 values in response to proton ions and c-rays using 20 plant species. Plant seeds
were irradiated, and growth responses were measured one month after planting, except forcymbidium, for which in vitro rhizomes were irradiated. The rhizomes were analyzed at six
and nine months after subculturing. Resistance to proton ions and c-rays was observed in
Chinese cabbage, watermelon, and melon, while Japanese atractylodes, naked barley, andlentil were susceptible. Plants belonging to the Brassicaceae and Cucurbitaceae families
were highly resistant to radiation, and plants belonging to the Compositae and Poaceae
families were highly susceptible. In addition, plants with genome sizes greater than 8,000
Mbp were highly sensitive to radiation, but there was no clear relationship between

3radiosensitivity and genome size in plants with genomes smaller than 2,500 Mbp. The
biological effectiveness of proton ions was greater than that of c-rays in 16 plant species,
indicating that they could be used as a discriminative radiation source to induce mutations
compared with c-rays.
(Article-2) Sang Woo Lee, Yu-Jeong Kwon, Inwoo Baek, Hong-Il Choi, Joon-Woo Ahn, JinBaek Kim, Si-Yong Kang, Sang Hoon Kim and Yeong Deuk Jo (2021) Mutagenic Effect ofProton Beams Characterized by Phenotypic Analysis and Whole Genome Sequencing in
Arabidopsis. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: Article 752108. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752108
Abstract: Protons may have contributed to the evolution of plants as a major component ofcosmic-rays and also have been used for mutagenesis in plants. Although the mutagenic
effect of protons has been well-characterized in animals, no comprehensive phenotypic andgenomic analyses has been reported in plants. Here, we investigated the phenotypes andwhole genome sequences of Arabidopsis M2 lines derived by irradiation with proton beams
and gamma-rays, to determine unique characteristics of proton beams in mutagenesis. We
found that mutation frequency was dependent on the irradiation doses of both proton beams
and gamma-rays. On the basis of the relationship between survival and mutation rates, wehypothesized that there may be a mutation rate threshold for survived individuals after
irradiation. There were no significant differences between the total mutation rates in groups
derived using proton beam or gamma-ray irradiation at doses that had similar impacts on
survival rate. However, proton beam irradiation resulted in a broader mutant phenotype
spectrum than gamma ray irradiation, and proton beams generated more DNA structuralvariations (SVs) than gamma-rays. The most frequent SV was inversion. Most of theinversion junctions contained sequences with micro-homology and were associated with thedeletion of only a few nucleotides, which implies that preferential use of micro-homology innon homologous end joining was likely to be responsible for the SVs. These results show that
protons, as particles with low linear energy transfer (LET), have unique characteristics inmutagenesis that partially overlap with those of low-LET gamma-rays and high-LET heavy
ions in different respects.
Malaysia (Dr. Sobri Bin Hussein, Malaysian Nuclear Agency)
Malaysia’s National Agrofood Policy (NAP 2.0) was formulated with a special focus on
improving the food production sector including rice, and strengthening country food supply
and food security. Even though Malaysia is still depending on imported rice to fulfil
consumer’s demand, rice industry has always been a national priority based on its strategic
importance as a staple food commodity. Nevertheless, the rice industry in Malaysia ishampered by several challenges such as global climate change, flash flooding, rising pricesof pesticides, unauthorized seeds, rapid development in rural area, lacking new variety,4insufficient certified and high-quality seeds, emerging of major diseases such as Bacterial
Panicle Blight (BPB), Leaf Blast, drought season, decreasing of planting area, lost interestof the farmers due to high cost of rice production and many others. Apart from that,
according to the local newspapers, currently, farmers are facing huge problem with the flash
flood and plant disease caused by brown planthopper. Thus, the NAP had highlighted that
local rice production should be increased to ensure the country’s demand in the future. FNCA
project is one of the initiatives that supported the objectives of NAP as, improving the rice
genotype via induced mutation is crucial to broaden the genetic diversity of rice in Malaysia.
Furthermore, this technique is suitable in developing new rice variety since stable
populations can be achieved faster compared to the conventional technique.
According to the farmer’s association in Sekinchan Selangor, NMR152 consistently produced
between 7-10 t/ha in granary area as compared to 4.6 t/ha produced by other varieties within
the same planting areas. The yield is significantly higher as compared to the national
average yield that is only 3.5 t/ha. Observation from 2020 until 2021 showed that NMR152
is highly stable in flash flood areas in Kedah, Perak, Malacca and Selangor, whereby thedata showed that 90% recovery was observed after the flash flood. Meanwhile, according to
the farmers in northern part of Peninsular Malaysia, the production cost for rice mutant canbe reduced up to 40% mainly due to the reduction in fertilizer and pesticide usage.
Additionally, several local verification trials (LVT) were also conducted from the Northernpart until the Southern part of Peninsular Malaysia between the year 2020 to 2021. The
data obtained from Kedah and Selangor revealed that NMR 191 constantly produced
between 7-9 t/ha in granary area as compared to 4 t/ha (average) produced by other varieties
within the same planting areas. Based on the record from the certified seed company, HMN(M) Sdn Bhd, the total area that planted with mutant rice in Peninsular Malaysia is around
24,600 ha.
As for disease screening, the selected mutant line has been further assessed by Malaysian
Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI). The two seasons’ data revealed
that NMR 151 and NMR 152 were categorized as moderately resistant (MR) for foliar blast.
Meanwhile, MINT3 was moderately susceptible to foliar blast. For panicle blast, NMR151
and NMR152 were resistant (R) while MINT3 was moderately resistant (MR) to panicle
blast. For sheath blight, NMR 151, NMR 152 and MINT3 were recorded as moderately
resistant (MR). For bacterial leaf blight (BLB), NMR151 was moderately susceptible, andboth NMR152 and MINT3 were moderately resistant in main season 2019/2020.
Nevertheless, different results were recorded during the off season of 2020, in which
NMR151 and NMR152 were susceptible and MINT3 was moderately susceptible. The
difference between the seasons is expected as BLB disease has high response to different
climates.

5

On 29 Jan 2021, the Malaysia’s Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries (MAFI) havecertified NMR152 as national new rice variety after NMR152 undergone the strict technicalevaluation by the technical committee BKKIPB (Ref no: MDI/PR/JKTBKKIPB/P/2021(14)).
Due to the great reputation and high demand from the farmers, NMR152 was officiallylaunched by the honorable Prime Minister of Malaysia on 20 November 2021. With thelaunching, the mutant rice variety - NMR 152, is now officially named after the name of the
9th Prime Minister of Malaysia as ‘IS21’. Moving forward, Malaysia Nuclear Agency willcontinue with its efforts in obtaining the approval and registration of other potential mutant
lines (NMR151 and NMR191) as the national new rice variety. As a conclusion, the project
has addressed the national agenda and policy in generating new rice varieties and thus,increase the well-being and livelihood of the farmers. Malaysian Nuclear Agency has
successfully developed, commercialized and disseminate the new mutant rice seeds tofarmers throughout Malaysia.
Mongolia (Dr. Bayarsukh Noov, Institute of Plant and Agricultural Science)
Mongolia is experiencing dramatic climate change. Last 70 years the absolute airtemperature raised by 2.10C and the precipitation decreased in Mongolia. By the year 2020
the average air temperature will raise by 2.2-3.00C and in further 25 years warming will
intensify by two times and evaporation increase by seven to ten times. Due to the abovechanges the yield potential of existing plant varieties reduced due to climate change, thecropping zone boundaries has been changing towards North, pest and disease distribution,
frequency increased and soil erosion and degradation increased, respectively.
The wheat is dominant crop and cultivated in about 80% of agricultural land in Mongolia.
In Mongolia, the breeding of high potential wheat varieties was always major subject inbreeding program. During 50 years of study the over 90 cereals crop varieties developed
including 72 varieties of spring wheat, nine-durum wheat, four of oats and 2 common millet
varieties. Among them a new spring wheat varieties Orkhon, Khalkh Gol –1, Darkhan-34,
Darkhan-74, Darkhan-144, Darkhan-131 and the barley variety Alag-Erdene, Burkhant-1
and common millet Burgaltai are officially certified and commercialized.

Barley is second

cultivar planting after wheat in Mongolia. Mostly used for animal feed, brewing beer andhuman consumption. Soybean is relatively new crop for Mongolian farmers with very rapid
expansion the rotation system. However, all soybean varieties cultivated in Mongolia arefrom foreign origin because no local breeding activities took place before. There we need todevelop short duration varieties adapted Mongolian condition.
The application of mutation breeding technique in Mongolia has conducted since 1970s at
the Institute of Plant and Agricultural Science (IPAS). The mutation breeding mainly
focuses on the development of new mutant wheat varieties and barley, rapeseed and rice6

mutant on enhancement of wheat genetic diversity for breeding.
Purpose of the Project:
Improvement of major crops productivity and drought tolerance through application of
mutation technique combined biotechnology and marker assisted selection following tasks
identified: Enhancement of genetic diversity in wheat, barley through application of mutation
techniques Development of high yielding, drought tolerance, disease resistant wheat and barleyvarieties
Project Progress Report
Objective in 2021•

Planted M1 generation of wheat, which has treated by ion beam treatment in 2-3
different doses.

•

Evaluation and screening M2-M4 generation in the field condition.

•

Screening and selection of advanced mutant lines of wheat and barley with improved
mutant traits through field on the yield performance and drought tolerance anddisease resistance.

Project progress
Wheat: The improved new mutagen source for mutation breeding of Mongolia, such as ion
beam (He 50MeV, Carbon 320 MeV) mutagen. Totally, 1917 rows of 60 progenies planted in
M2-M4 for the breeding initial materials. In 2021, the ion beam treatment applied at the
Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, National Institutes for Quantum andRadiological Science and Technology Japan. According to the biometrical measurements
taken in the M2 generation, the growth period of Darkhan-144 15Gy dose variant was 3 days
earlier than control, in Omskaya-36 100Gy was 2 day earlier than control. Yield increased
by 25.0g in the 100Gy dose (helium ion beam treatment) of Omskaya-36 variety. Other
mutant progenies could not pass control by yield. 100Gy dose of Omskaya-36 variety
productive stem is higher than control. Seed number per spike of Toboliskaya 125Gy variant
increased by 6. According to the biometrical measurements taken in the M3 generation, thegrowth period of 20Gy dose of Omskaya-36 variety was 2 days earlier than control, othermutant progenies were similar to control. Plant height is fluctuated 83-111 cm. All doses ofion beam treatment of Toboliskaya variety plant height reduced by 7-16 cm. Productive stem
number of Darkhan-144 20Gy variant was higher (by 12) than control.

Also yield of thisprogeny was high (by 14 g higher than control). In 20Gy dose of Toboliskaya variety seednumber per spike was higher than control and seed weight per spike also higher than control
variety. The 363 spikes 42 plants and 95 rows selected by the spike form, maturity, andstress tolerance and transferred to the next level study. In 2021, at the agronomy trail we7are studied 10 mutant lines of early, mid and mid-late maturity. AL-647, AL-649 mutant
lines matured by 5 days earlier than check variety Darkhan-144 and gave higher yield by
0.4-3.1 t/ha. In the yield trial, two mutant lines including early maturity Darkhan-225 andmid maturity variety Darkhan-234. The 1000 kernel weight and seed volume weight ofmutant advanced line Darkhan-225 were higher than control Darkhan-131 variety. Mid latematurity mutant advanced line Darkhan-234 were high 1000 kernel weight than control
Darkhan-34 variety.
Barley: In 2021, in the initial material field investigated 258 mutant progenies of M1-M3
generation. In the yield trail investigated 2 barley mutant lines. Mutant line of malting
barley MB-412/6 gave 3.2ton/ha grain yield, it has 1.2 ton/ha higher than parent Burkhant1 variety. Mutant lines food barley MB-178/1 gave 2.1ton/ha grain yield, it has 0.6 ton/hahigher than parent Alag erdene variety.
Future Work plan in 2022•

Continue screening and selection of advanced mutant lines with improved mutant
traits through field test. Evaluation the promising mutants for improved traits anddrought tolerance•

Demonstration and dissemination of the released mutant variety•

Drought screening of advanced mutant lines using PEG6000 by index of somegerminating and root traits

The Philippines (Mr. Christopher C. Cabusora, Philippine Rice Research Institute)- Enhancing Flood Resilience of the Philippine Rice Variety NSIC Rc222 through Induced
Mutation One of the most devastating effects of climate change is the occurrence of strong typhoons
causing severe flash floods in low-lying areas. These floods submerge rice fields in the area
incurring yield reduction of about 50% to 80%. Rice varieties with tolerance to submergenceis one of the long-term solutions to address this problem in submergence-prone rice
ecosystem. NSIC Rc222 is a popular rice variety in the Philippines because of its highyielding ability of 8 tha-1 up to 12 tha-1, however it has poor eating quality because of its
high amylose content and gelatinization temperature, rendering its cooked rice hard. The
Philippine Rice Research Institute utilized induced mutation technique to improve thesurvival of NSIC Rc222 under complete submergence. The objective of the study is to develop
a rice variety with tolerance to submergence in the background of a high yielding rice variety.
The breeding strategy generated 13 mutant lines with enhanced survival under complete
submergence and higher yield under submergence in comparison to the original NSIC Rc222.
These mutant lines are also resistant to rice tungro disease, tolerance to salinity anddrought stress at seedling stage, and reduced amylose content and gelatinization8

temperature, improving its cooked rice to tender. The line will be entered to the National
Cooperative Test on 2022 wet season, for on-site testing, and hopefully by 2024, the lines
will be approved as new varieties and will be available to the farmers, for cultivation andcommercialization in submergence-prone rice ecosystem.
Thailand (Mr. Apichart Noenplab, Rice Department)- Thai rice improvement for flood tolerance through electron beam-induced mutation Abstract
Seventy hundred twenty (720) lines of nine parents/varieties (4,500 lines) are mutant ricelines. The lines are submergence tolerant line under artificial ponds flood submerge (4times) during M4 to M7. The period of submerge is about 10 to 14 days at vegetative stage
rice. The range of percent plant survival after de-submerge is about 10 to 100%. This issignificantly higher than susceptible check/parents (0%). While comparing to tolerant check(FR13A), the survival rate is about 95-100%. A twenty-two elite lines were experimented
On-Station Yield Trial (paddy field). The average yield is about 3,002 kg/ha and nine lines
had yielded more than parent (ck.). RD31-B-390-3-4B brought highest yield (3,870 kg/ha),and its maturity age is 121 days. The average plant stature is 124 cm. Its grain is long andslender shape with 11.05 mm. in length, 2.73 mm. in width and 2.13 mm. in thickness. Its
grain has moderate chalkiness (1.58) with high amylose content (28.23%). The agronomic
traits of the line are similar to parent (RD31). However, the line can survive (tolerance)
under artificial flood submerge. Moreover, the rest of the submergence lines are growing onyield trial and seed maintaining for future experiments.
Introduction
The flood risk area of rice growing of Thailand is approximately 62,246 h. (Chinucha et al.,2014). The pattern of flooding could be divided into 2 types of flood. The first is pro-long deep
flooding and the second is flash flood, which features a short period flooding (1-2 weeks).
While deep water flood is fairly predictable, flash flood is extremely unpredictable and may
occur at any stage of rice growth especially at vegetative period. Thus, submergence
tolerance in rice is highly desirable and expected to enhance food security.
Objective: To induce mutation in rice for flood tolerance through electron beam
Methods: Evaluation/selection for submergence tolerance in rice. The method consists of 3
steps of testing line, susceptible check (IR42) and tolerant check (FR13A)
1) Sowing/broadcasting seed by pre-germinate seed.
2) Plant density/height is measured at 25-30 days old seedling, then start to submergence,
check water depth daily and maintain water (150 cm. depths) to completely submerge
the plants.
3) Observe IR42 from day 7 or day 12 of submergence. Start to de-submergence after the9plants become soft with 70% to 80% injury. Later, score of plant survival and plants
recovery.
Results
Four thousand five hundred (4,500) rice lines of nine parents were screened for submergence
tolerance in rice. The experiment was screened during M4 to M7 generations. The resultshows the decrease in the amount of submergence tolerant lines from 1717, 1410, 1013 and720 lines respectively. However, in M7, two hundred twenty-three (223) lines had shown 50
to 85% of plant survival, which is less than FR13A (tolerant check) 95 to 100% and theparents were failed to recover. Twenty-two elite lines were selected to conduct On-station
Yield Trial (paddy field). Nine lines had yielded more than parent (3,005 kg/ha). RD31-B390-3-4B had highest yield (3,872 kg/ha) and its maturity age is 121 days. The average ofplant stature is 124 cm and its grain is long and slender shape. Brown rice shape is slenderwith 7.55 mm in length, 2.34 mm in width and 1.83 mm in thickness. Its grain has moderate
chalkiness (1.58) with high amylose content (28.23%).
Conclusion
The study found seventy hundred twenty (720) lines are submergence tolerant rice lines.
The percentage of plant recover during M4-M7 is about 10-100% (artificial pond flood
submerge). Nine lines had yielded more than parent (ck.). Furthermore, RD31-B-390-3-4B
had highest yield (3,872 kg/ha). As the amount of submergence tolerant rice lines weredecreased, the evaluation of submergence tolerance needs further studies, particularly studyof the genetic control of the mutant rice lines.
Table 1 The survival number and percent plant recovery of mutant rice lines (M4 to M7) fromsubmerged tolerance screening
M5

M4

M6

M7

Range

No

Parents

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

(%)

1

SPR1

291

25-95

262

10-80

186

10-80

132

10-80

10-95

2

SPR60

255

50-95

185

10-80

66

10-80

63

10-50

10-95

3

PSL2

169

50-95

87

20-80

46

10-60

43

10-60

10-95

4

PTT1

22

50-98

19

40-80

14

10-50

10

10-50

10-98

5

CNT1

53

50-95

53

20-80

34

10-60

29

10-60

10-95

6

RD47

192

10-95

191

10-90

181

10-80

77

10-80

10-95

7

RD49

317

50-95

299

10-90

249

10-80

167

10-80

10-95

8

RD23

98

20-95

74

10-80

59

10-80

39

10-80

10-95

9

RD31

320

10-100

240

50-95

178

10-80

160

10-80

10-100Total/lines

1,717

1,410

1,013

720

*FR13A 95-100% of plant survival, IRRI Standard Evaluation System for Rice, 201410

Vietnam (Dr. Le Duc Thao, Agricultural Genetics Institute)- Improving Rice and Peanut Varieties through Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiation in Vietnam The orientation in breeding of new mutant varieties (rice and soybean) in Vietnam are highyield and quality; wide adaptation, easily cultivation; short growth duration; tolerant tomost important biotic and abiotic stresses in climate change condition. From 2008 to 2019,by gamma rays, Vietnam has released 13 new mutant varieties (11 rice and 02 soybean). In
this, rice outstanding variety is Khang dan Mutant, released in 2008 with characters highyield, good tolerant to pest and disease cover about 400,00ha/year. DT39 Quelam released
in 2013 has quality, high protein, yield and resistant to leaf blight.

DT80 released in 2017is the quality, BLB resistance variety. On soybean, the DT2008 is outstanding variety withthe highest yield and tolerance ability in soybean breeding history, special in drought anddiseases tolerance. Beside that, the first time, by the mutation method, Vietnam have a
black soybean variety DT2008DB have almost characteristics the same DT2008 and content
high nutrition and omega,... excellent in food use.
In 2021, our project, with the state's support budget, has focused on creating mutant
varieties on peanuts and rice. Specifically, for peanuts, through screening from generations
M2 to M5, 27 promising mutant lines were selected from 5 original varieties; With rice, fromgeneration M2 to M4, 35 lines were selected from VTNA6 and 47 lines from ST20.
In Future Work Plan, the project has not ended and we will continue screening to select newvarieties, and in 2022, we continue to irradiate on peanuts, oranges and soybeans.

11