Monkey CANTABIntellistations

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MONKEY CANTAB INTELLISTATIONThe Cognitive Testing System was developed for non-humanprimates and has been a part of the Lafayette Instrument touch
screen product line since 2004.
The CANTAB Intellistation™ features a self-contained computerwith dual core 1.65 GHz processor. The CANTAB Applications andWhiskerServer™ OS license are bundled separately per station tominimize startup costs. Each software bundle is factory installed
to provide all test specific criteria, stimulus presentations, andanimal response hardware needed for a complete system. To
run as a stand-alone station, simply add a USB keyboard, mouse,
and optional monitor (not included). Connection for any remote
setup requires a standard RJ45 Ethernet Cable. Proprietary
software is provided to support remote operation of a single unit
or multi-station setup. Stations may be setup as a local networkwith a central master computer or may be connected to an existing
network.

CANTAB Intellistation™ with Pellet Reward
Model 80950A

The Intellistation™ comes standard with pellet (rhesus) or liquid (marmoset) reward. Several dual reward options are alsoavailable as well as the Intellipanel™ test station with or without enclosure suitable for testing non-human primates, dogs, swine,and other species. Contact us directly for complete information.

CANTAB Test Stations
with Pellet Reward		Model 80950A				

with Liquid Reward
Model 80951A

The Model 80951A Intellistation™ with Liquid-based reward is favored by users working with Marmoset monkeys. For Rhesus
monkeys, we would recommend using a sturdier Model 80662B or Model 80663B Lick Tube.
If a system with both pellet and liquid reward is required, we recommend outfitting a Model 80950 Intellistation™ (with Pellet
Reward) with a Lick Tube.

Features• Touch screen panel encased in a durable stainless steel metal frame• Splash-proof IR touch screen with LCD monitor• IR touch array with tempered glass and protected safety film
• Fixed response lever• Speaker to reproduce audio cues to the subject• Calibrated 12.2ml flow rate peristaltic pump with receptacle• Lick sensor allows liquid reward to be (optionally) delivered only when the animals’s tongue is detected• Fan maintains internal case temperature• Hinged stainless steel side panels with latches to protect feeder and components from animal subjects• Able to be installed in a test cubicle or used in a home chamber environment• Dimensions: 22.5” W x 15.5” H x 12”• Weight: approximately 50 lbs (22.5kg)

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MONKEY CANTAB TESTING BATTERY
The Monkey CANTAB application portfolio is comprised of a test battery performed via a touch screen. Batteries are flexible andcan be configured by the user. Multiple tests may be linked in the same subject session. Systems can be customized with pellet
reward, liquid reward, or both.

New or Recently Released CANTAB Tasks
Conditional Visual Discrimination• Each trial begins with a Marker 1 sound (optionally, following an initiation response).
• A stimulus appears on the screen, along with two response manipulanda (left and right). It is possible to obtain reward forany stimulus, but some stimuli require a Left response, and some stimuli require a Right response.
• The first response to a stimulus is registered, and the subject receives reward/punishment accordingly (or, if it fails to
respond, an omission occurs and is punished).
A stimulus can appear briefly or for as long as the subject is allowed to respond.
The stimulus (like any in MonkeyCANTAB) can be a blank stimulus. This allows the task to be used as a two-choice vigilance task,
as follows:• Trials initiate spontaneously• Two stimuli are used: one visible, one blank (invisible)• The stimuli appear briefly, then the manipulanda appear• The subject must respond (e.g.) left for the visible stimulus and right for the “non-stimulus”

Concurrent Discrimination• Each trial begins with a Marker 1 sound (optionally, following an initiation response).
• Stimuli appear in various locations on the screen. Some stimuli are correct; some areincorrect.
• The first response to a stimulus is registered, and the subject receives reward/
punishment accordingly (or, if it fails to respond, an omission occurs and is punished).
By default the task considers a separate set of correct and incorrect stimuli; however, you
can also lock the correct stimulus list and the incorrect stimulus list together, creating an-pair concurrent discrimination task (in which paired stimuli always appear together).

Continuous Performance Task
In brief, stimuli appear sequentially, and subjects must classify them as targets (and respondto them) or non-targets (and not respond to those).
Ancestry: Rosvold HE, Mirsky AF, Sarason I, Bransome EB, Beck LH (1956) A continuous
performance test of brain damage. J Consult Psychol 20: 343-350.
The task is composed of a series of stages. Each stage defines a target and nontarget(s), andspecifies their proportion (sometimes grouping trials into blocks that are approximately
imperceptible to the subject). Stages can have a passing criterion, and if the stage is passed(e.g. success on a certain number of trials within a certain time limit) the task progresses tothe next stage. Individual trials simply consist of presenting a stimulus (target or nontarget)and seeing what the subject does. Reinforcement options are configurable.

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Impulsive Choice
Choice with delayed and/or probabilistic reinforcement (discrete-trial task).
Originally based on Evenden JL, Ryan CN (1996). The pharmacology of impulsive behaviour in rats: the effects of drugs on
response choice with varying delays of reinforcement. Psychopharmacology 128: 161–170.
A number of types of task are possible with this program. The trial structure of a typical delayed reinforcement task, albeit using
operant chambers rather than touch screens, is shown below (taken from Cardinal et al. 2001):

Intertrial state.
Darkness.

Trial Begins.
Houselight on.
Traylight on.
Await Nosepoke.
nosepoke
Traylight off.
Lever(s) out.
Await press.

Delayed leverchosenLevers Retracted.
Houselight off.

Traylight on.
Large reinforcer (4 pellets)
delivered.
Await nosepoke.
nosepokefailure to respond* within
10s leads to* intertrial state

Immediate leverchosenLevers retracted.
Houselight off.
Houselight on.
Small reinforcer (1 pellet)
deliveredAwait nosepoke.

Delay

Figure 1: Delayed Reinforcement choice task. The
format of a single trial is shown; trials began at 100s intervals. A session lasted 100 min and consistedof five blocks, each comprising two trials in which
only one lever was presented (one trial for eachlever, in randomized order) followed by 10 choice
trials. The delay to the large reinforcer was variedsystematically across the session. Delays for eachblock where 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 s, respectively.

*

nosepoke*

Traylight off.
Chamber inintertrial state

Traylight off.
Chamber inintertrial state

Intertrial state.
Darkness.

Trial Begins.
Houselight on.
Traylight on.
Await Nosepoke.
nosepoke

Figure 2: Likewise, the trial structure of a typicalprobability-based task is shown below (taken from
Cardinal & Howes 2005):

Levers Retracted.
Houselight off.

*

Traylight on.
Large reinforcer (4 pellets)
delivered.
Await nosepoke.
nosepokefailure to respond

Traylight off.
Lever(s) out.
Await press.

Large/uncertain
lever chosenprobabilityp* within 10s leads to* intertrial state

probability
1p
No reinforcer.
Chamber inintertrial state

Small/certain
lever chosen
Levers retracted.
Houselight off.
Houselight on.
Small reinforcer (1 pellet)
deliveredAwait nosepoke.

*

nosepoke

Traylight off.
Chamber inintertrial state

Traylight off.
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Rapid Visual Information Processing• Each trial begins with a Marker 1 sound.
• The subject may initiate a trial (and subsequently respond) by pressing (and thenreleasing) a lever, or by touching (and later releasing) a stimulus on the screen, orby pressing a lever to initiate the trial and then touching the target to respond.
• Following initiation, the target area appears on the screen.
• After a configurable delay, stimuli start to appear in the target area. The subject
must watch for the target stimulus. Before it appears, there is usually a series of
distractor stimuli that must be ignored.
• Success occurs when the subject responds to the target stimulus. Failure occurs
when the subject fails to initiate the trial, fails to respond to the target, or responds
early to one of the distractors.

List-based Delayed Matching/Non-Matching to Sample
This task is a variant of the normal D(N)MTS task. Suppose you want to test many long delays (e.g. 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and15 minutes). In the conventional task, in which SAMPLE and CHOICE phases are paired, this would be slow, but the task could
potentially be run in a more time-efficient manner, also requiring the subject to memorize several samples at once.

Other Popular CANTAB Tasks
Reinforcement Familiarization
The aim of this program is to teach the monkeys that the onset of a tone signals the availability of reinforcement. This is thestandard signal for the availability of reinforcement across all the cognitive tests.
Features• Optional association of reinforcement with correct tone
• Reinforcement delivery option contingent upon an independent response (e.g. licking)Training Program
The aim of this program is to train the monkey to touch a solid box that is presented anywhere on the computer touch screen.
Features• Up to seven box sizes• Boxes may be one of seven colors• A touch outside the box restarts the trial• Reinforcement delivery option contingent upon an independent response (e.g. licking)

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5Delayed Matching / Non-Matching to Sample
This platform tests the short-term memory using a non-repeating sequence of arbitrary symbols. It is analogous to the use of
junk objects in the Wisconsin General Testing Apparatus. The symbols used are the same as the stimulus used for the human
CANTAB Delayed Match to Sample Test.

Phase 1

Correct Response(if matching)

Phase 2

Incorrect Response(if non-matching)

Choice Serial Reaction Time
This task is analogous to Lenonard’s Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time task, which is based on the Continuous Performance
Test of Rosvold and Mirsky. The subject is presented with a tone (optional) and a set of empty target stimuli (typically five open
circles) to signify the start of a trail. The subject makes a response by pressing a key or a screen stimulus.
After a delay, a target stimulus is presented for a specified duration in one of five places (e.g. a filled circle appears within oneof the five open circles). If the subject touches the filled circle or the place where it was presented, it is reinforced: incorrect
responses are punished. Accuracy of the response and the reaction time are recorded.
Features• Minimum key-holding time can be independent or locked to delay• The delay may be set from a specified list, either in the identified order or chosen randomly from the list (it also may bechosen randomly by the computer)• A list of stimuli durations can be stimulated, from which either a truly random selection is made or a pseudo-random
selection is made so that each delay is presented in random order• Stimulus duration may also be reduced following x correct consecutive trials for training purposes• Frequency of stimuli between positions may be varied• One-choice test allows basic reaction timing, and a three-choice test is also available• Optional Distracter signal• Both TRAINING and TESTING modes of operation are provided

Empty Targets

Flash Stimulus

Empty Targets

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Paired Associates LearningThis conditional memory and learning task, located in the trial-unique patterns, must be learned and remembered. Humanvariations of the test are sensitive to changes in the early on-set of Alzheimer’s disease.
Features• Novel patterns on every trial• Each trial repeated until correct (changes order of presentation)• Pre-training stage for task familiarization• Two alternative training procedures• Six levels of difficulty: two training and four testing• Each session can have multiple (progressive) stages

Stimulus Presentation

Correct Response

Response Phase

Intra / Extra Dimensional Set-Shift and Visual Discrimination (ID/ED)
This set of visual discrimination and reversal tests can be used to study a range of cognitive processes which include:• Simple associative learning: learning that a response to a particular stimulus is associated with reinforcement• Selective attention: learning to attend selectively to a particular dimensional property of the stimulus• Attentional set-shifting: learning to shift attention from one dimensional property of another stimulus
The two types of test that make up this program use either simple (one-dimensional) or compound (two-dimensional) stimuli.
Each dimension used is color-filled shapes or white lines. Simple stimuli are composed of just one of these prepositions, whereas,
compound with stimuli are composed of both. The stimulus is the same as those used for the human test.

Stimulus

Correct Response

Stimulus

Correct Response

Simple Schedules of Reinforcement
This program provides conventional operant schedules of responding to a single fixed square at the center of the screen or on
the response lever.
Features• FR, FI, VR, VI, or Progressive Ratio		• Selectable box size and color			• Optional change of color on response• Optional breakpoint

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7Spatial Working Memory
This platform provides a test of functioning memory
analogous to that tested in rodents in an 8-arm maze. Boxes
appear on the screen with an obvious pattern, and thesubject must select each box in turn without revisiting a box
already touched.
Options are available for training a subject and for varying the difficulty of tasks:• 16 possible positions: 4 in each quadrant of the screen• Each trial may have 1-16 boxes• Box positions may be random or specified for each trial• Number of boxes in randomized trials can be increased in blocks• A pool of boxes may be specified to act as a source for randomization• Boxes may disappear or change color for any amount of time when touched• Screen may be blank for any amount of time when touched• Option to increase task difficulty by reinforcing every correct response as opposed to only rewarding the terminal response
in a trial• A number of possible colors and shapes for stimulus• Both initial and secondary colors can be specified for each trial

MONKEY CANTABWITH WHISKER® EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
for all Intellistations
Model 80990
This package includes the CANTAB test applications and the basic
Whisker® Multimedia Suite necessary to run those applications.
These translational tasks are based on well-established human tests.
Alteration from human tests have been kept to the absolute minimum,
consistent with the ability in non-human subjects that learn the tasks.
The sensitivity of the tests and the direct comparison with humanresults makes this Monkey CANTAB best for:• Characterization of the functional organization of the brain• The development of new and improved animal models with brain
disorders• Early identification of progressive disorders, whether endogenous
or as a result of environment• Easy progression from pre-clinical to clinical studies
Many of the tasks are also available for rats and mice using the BusseySaksida Touch Screen Chambers.

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CANTAB WHISKER® MULTIMEDIA
Whisker® Multimedia is a software suite designed to control devices
for behavioral research.
Standard Apparatus Devices include:• Digital Input devices (e.g. Levers, Infrared detectors)• Digital Output devices (e.g. lights, motors, pellet dispenser, andliquid pumps)
Unlike most operant control systems, Whisker® Multimedia also supports advanced graphical output on multiple monitors, touch
screen input, keyboard and computer mouse input, as well as audio output. Whisker® Multimedia is the underlying platform thatruns some of the most popular behavioral task suites today!

WHISKER® MULTIMEDIA PRO
Model 80696pro
Programmer’s license for Whisker that allows Whisker to be programmed in a variety of languages. Tools are available for C++ and
Visual Basic.

ADDITIONAL CANTAB INTELLISTATIONOPTIONS
Large CANTAB Wall Mount Intellistation™ Touch
Screen Response Panel
Model 80960A
A flat display and touch screen with signal light and speakers. This style of unit was first
designed for use with dogs and has also been used with swine.

Omni-Directional Rod
Model 80710
The Omni-Directional Rod is designed to be mounted from the ceiling of the test kennel and will register a
response when displaced in any direction by the head or body of the animal. Designed for a 5 foot (1.52 meter)high ceiling with adjustable floor clearance of 30.5 - 10 inches (77.47 - 25.4 cm), this has been used as anorienting response for the CANTAB tests to initiate the start of each trial.

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Dog Feeder
Model 80750
This 28 V DC Feeder was originally designed for IAMS® brand dry food for small, medium, and large
breeds. It dispenses small quantities of food when given an appropriate control pulse, and has beenused with other types of dry food and other species including small swine. Contact us for more
information about how this device may be suitable for your application.

Rhesus Lick Tube
Model 80662B
Add this stainless steel sipper to a Model 80950A Monkey CANTAB Intellistation™ with Pellet
Reward. This is generally used with Rhesus and larger monkeys. A peristaltic pump is also
required. The unit is designed to mount in the center or on the left side of the touch screen. Older
units may require replacement bumper strips to accommodate this unit.

Side Mount Lick Tube
Model 80663B
Add this stainless steel sipper to the Model 80950A Monkey CANTAB Intellistation™ with
Pellet Reward. This is generally used with Rhesus and larger monkeys. A peristaltic pumpis also required. The unit is designed to mount on the right hand side above the pellet tray,
although the lever, light, sipper, and tray are all modular and can be moved as needed.

Marmoset Lick Tube
Model 80661
Order this stainless steel sipper as a replacement for the sipper on the Model
80951A Monkey CANTAB Intellistation™ with Liquid Reward. This is generally usedwith Marmoset monkeys. The peristaltic pump is included with the Model 80951AIntellistation™. In most applications where both pellet and liquid reward are require, startwith the Model 80950A Intellistation™ - Pellet and add a sipper and pump; however, if
the Marmoset lick tube is essential, we recommend starting with the Model 80951AIntellistation™ with Liquid Reward and adding a pellet dispenser and reward tray.

Contact Lafayette Instrument for more
information about CANTAB accessories.

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CANTAB RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dias, R., Roberts, A. C. and Robbins, T. W. (1996) Dissociation in prefrontal cortex of affective and attentional shifts. Nature, 380, 69-72.
Downes, J. J., Roberts, A. C., Sahakian, B. J., Evenden, J. L., Morris, R. G. and Robbins, T.W. (1989) Impaired extra-dimensional shift performancein medicated and unmedicated Parkinson‘s disease: evidence for a specific attentional dysfunction. Neuropsychological, 27, 1329-1343.
Prospero-Garcia, O., Gold, L.H., Fox, H.S., Polis, I., Koob, G. F. Bloom, F.E. and Henriksen, S.J., (1996) Microglia-passaged simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induces neurophysiological abnormalities in monkeys, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93,14158-14163.
Owen, A. M., Roberts A. C., Polkey, C. E., Sahakian, B. J., and Robbins, T. W. (1991) Extra-dimensional versus intra-dimensional set-shifting
performance following frontal lobe excisions, temporal lobe excisions or amygdalohippocampectomy in man. Neuropsychologia, 29, 9931006.
Roberts, A. C., Robbins, T. W. and Everitt, B. J. (1988) The effects of intradimensional and extradimensional shifts on visual discrimination
learning in humans and non-human primates. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40b, 321-341.
Roberts, A. C., Muir, J. L., Robbins, T.W. and Everitt, B. J. (1992) A specific form of cognitive rigidity following lesions of the basal forebrain inmarmosets. Neuroscience, 47, 251-264.
Roberts, A. C. and Sahakian, B. J. (1993) Comparable tests of cognitive function in monkey and man. In: A Sahgal (Ed), Behavioural Neuroscience:
A Practical Approach Vol. I, Oxford University Press, pp 165-184.
Roberts, A. C., De Salvia, M. A., Wilkinson, L. S., Collins, P., Muir, J. L., Everitt, B. J. and Robbins, T. W. (1994) 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of theprefrontal cortex in monkeys enhance performance on an analogue of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: possible interactions with subcortical
dopamine. Journal of Neuroscience, 14, 2531- 2544.
Roberts, A. C., Collins, P. and Robbins, T. W. (1996) The functions of the prefrontal cortex in humans and other animals. In Modelling the early
human mind. McDonald Institute Monographs. Ed. P Mellers and K Gibson pp. 67-80. Short run Press Exeter.
Collins, P. Wilkinson, L. S. Everitt, B.J. Robbins, T. W. and Roberts, A.C. (2000) The Effect of Dopamine Depletion From the Caudate Nucleus of
the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) on Tests of Prefrontal Cognitive Function. Behavioural Neuroscience 114, No 1, 3-17
Sahakian, B. J., Downes, J. J., Eagger, S., Evenden, J. L., Levy, R., Philpot, M. P., Roberts, A. C. and Robbins, T. W. (1990) Sparing of attentional
relative to mnemonic function in a subgroup of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia, 28, 1197-1213. 70
Gold, L.J., Fox H.S., Henriksen, S.J., Buchmeier,M.J., Weed. M.R., Taffe, M.A., Huitron-Resendiz.S., Horn.T.F.W., Bloom.F.E. (1998 Longtitudinal
analysis of behavorial, neurophysiological, viral and immunological effects of SIV infection in Rhesus monkeys. J Med Primatol; 27:104-112
Weed, M.R., Gold,L.H. (1998) The effects of dopaminergic agents on reaction time in Rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology ; 137 , 33-42
Fox. H.S., Gold, L.H., Henriksen. S.J., Bloom.F.E. (1997) Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: A model for NeuroAIDS. Neurobiology of Disease, 4, 265274
H S Crofts, N G Muggleton, A P Bowditch, P C Pearce, D J Nutt and E A M Scott (1999) Home cage presentation of complex discrimination
tasks to marmosets and Rhesus monkeys. Laboratory Animals, 33, 207-214
P.C. Pearce, H.S. Crofts, N.G. Muggleton, D. Ridout and E.A.M Scott. (1999) The effects of acutely administered low dose sarin on cognitive
behaviour and the electroencephalogram in the common marmoset. Journal of Psychopharmacology 13(2), 128-135
P.C. Pearce, H.S. Crofts, N.G. Muggleton and E.A.M Scott. (1998) Concurrent monitoring of EEG and Performance in the common marmoset: A
methodological approach. Physiology and Behaviour, 63 (4) 591-599
Weed, M. R., Taffe, M. A., Polis, I., Roberts, A.C., Robbins, T. W., Koob, G. F., Bloom, F.E., Gold, L.H., (1999) Performance norms for a Rhesus
monkey neurospsychological testing battery: acquisition and long-term performance. Cognitive Brain Research, 8, 185-201
Taffe, M. A., Weed, M. R., Gold, L.H., (1999) Scopolamine alters Rhesus monkey performance on a novel neuropsychological test battery.
Cognitive Brain Research, 8, 203-212
Cardinal RN, Aitken MRF (2010). Whisker: a client–server high-performance multimedia research control system. Behavior Research Methods
42: 1059–1071

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Contact Us for a Quotation or More Information
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