HIGHLIGHTS OF FY2020

managing the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. Example of indicative variations of thesemeasures are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1. Variation of Countermeasures Japan & Philippines
Section 2

Preventive Action

The Philippines

Staying Home

Social/Physical Distancing



Japan

Mandatory
Imposition of lockdowns (military,police, and related enforcement
agencies are engaged)
Cancelation of group events (e.g.,church worship, beach parties, andcockfights)

Wearing Mask

Legislated at local governments(penalty for violation of ordinance)Washing Hands



Encouraged (on your own)

ADRC

membercountries

varyinthedegree

Non-Mandatory
No imposition of lockdowns (drawingon individual responsibility andcooperation)
Avoidance of 3Cs: crowds, closed
spaces, closed contacts;
Also, cancelation of group events (e.g.,marathons)
Encouraged but not legislated
National Government announced
giving out masks
Encouraged (with wide establishments' support)

ofimplementing

thecommon

countermeasures for COVID-19 due to differences of local situations, including socio-politicalcontexts. For instance, Japan and the Republic of Korea did not implement a nationwide
lockdowns or total travel restrictions while countries like India and the Philippines imposed
strictest lockdowns, even commanding the military to enforce those restrictions.

2.3. Tsunami DRR Seminar Series
ADRC organized a series of online Tsunami DRR Seminars, during FY 2020, to share thelatest research findings and experiences on the topic. The seminars also provided theopportunity to promote the World Tsunami Awareness Day to ADRC member countries, DRR
stakeholders, and the general public.

14HIGHLIGHTS OF FY2020

2.3.1. First Seminar: 24 November 2020
Speakers:
Prof. IMAMURA Fumihiko
Professor, International Research
Section 2

Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS),Tohoku University


Dr. Anawat Suppasri
Associate Professor, International
Research Institute of Disaster
Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University

SummaryProf. IMAMURA recalled the Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011, and explainedthat it was a triple disaster tragedy simultaneously experiencing earthquake, tsunami, andnuclear power plant failure. It was the time, where DRR experts including those from Tohoku
University realized the limitations of knowledge (e.g., multiple disasters) and technology (e.g.,real-time early warning tools) in Tsunami DRR. To help address knowledge and technology
gaps on tsunami DRR, the Tohoku University established IRIDeS by building on its existinggroup of interdisciplinary experts. Dr. Anawat Suppasri shared lessons from the 2011
Tsunami experience in Japan. In Kamaishi, all students (of nearly 3,000) survived because
they calmly evacuated to the higher location, following what they learned from tsunami
mitigation training and drills. Based on these lessons, tsunami countermeasures improved,
such as by classifying tsunamis into two-levels. Level 1 tsunamis are those frequently
occurring, and less powerful. In this case, structural measures such as levees and seawalls
are useful. By contrast, Level 2 tsunamis are those that occur once in hundred or thousand

years, and very powerful. In this case, non-structural measures such as evacuation andawareness raising are important to save all human lives.

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HIGHLIGHTS OF FY2020

2.3.2. Second Seminar: 22 December 2020
SpeakerDr. Khaerunnisa, Associate Professor
University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta
Section 2(UAJY)SummaryTsunami education in Indonesia is carried out using different media, including tsunami
education programs in TV, digital fun games for smart phones, YouTube channel, posters,guidelines, and formal education in schools. To describe the tsunami awareness of people inIndonesia, Dr Khaerunnisa presented a result of a survey that she administered to 100
respondents, and highlighted the following:Majority of the respondents know whether they live in tsunami-prone area or not. Theirassessment of hazard is based on experience, knowledge of past tsunamis, andinformation government websites and local news.

Majority of the respondents said that in the scale of 1-5, their level of awarenessincreased up to 4th level, noting that they are receiving education and training related totsunami.



Majority of the respondents said that social media and evacuation drill are the mosteffective means to increase the level of awareness.

Dr. Khaerunnisa pointed that it is essential to cross analyze the survey responses with factual

data such as record of tsunami-prone areas and existing hazard maps for validation. In doingso, she observed that there is no significant correlation between the actual experience oftsunami and the current knowledge and behavior. In view of this, she suggested that
education programs should be accompanied with regular training and drills to makecomprehension more effective.

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HIGHLIGHTS OF FY2020

2.3.3. Third Seminar: 26 January 2021
SpeakerDr. OHTSU Nobuhito
Section 2Senior Researcher, National ResearchInstitute of Fire and Disaster Fire andDisaster Management Agency, Ministryof Internal Affairs and Communications

SummaryDr. OHTSU said that to ensure safety from tsunami, the ideal option is to resettle vulnerable
people as well as relocate vulnerable building away from the anticipated tsunami inundation
areas in advanced. If this option is difficult, then the next option is to understand andimplement measures on:How a safer space design can reduce the necessity of evacuation

What method can be used to measure and predict evacuation speed/timeHow to apply this practical evacuation method for zoning

In tsunami-prone areas, space-related factors such as: evacuation routes, distance ofevacuation sites from residence, location of higher grounds, target evacuation points, andlocation of tsunami evacuation building can affect total evacuation time. To improve spacedesign of evacuation for pedestrian, planners need to evaluate various options (e.g., relation,vertical evacuation, horizontal evacuation, or secondary evacuation) of saving lives fromtsunami. To ensure safe evacuation of vulnerable people, Dr. OHTSU stressed that it isimportant to measure the speed of evacuation to determine a successful evacuation.

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