2019.11.3 AOGEO APBON S3

Expectations from APBON
Yayoi Takeuchi
National Institute for Environmental Studies, JapanAPBONMission

1) Contribution to sound decision making related to biodiversity
conservation based on scientific information
2) Facilitation of the utilization of existing biodiversity data3) Coordination of a regional network

Activities
1.

Monitoring changes ofbiodiversity
Biodiversity mapping
Identification of key drivers

Land use change, Climate change

2.

Networking of theobservations networks

Sharing information through thenetworks

3.

Capacity buildingBiodiversity monitoring sites
ILTER-EAP East Asia and Pacific region

8 membernetworks●Terrestrial (85)● Fresh water (11)● Marine (20)Vision & Challenges of APBON• The Earth observationsocietal demand– increasing the• APBON will strive to supply the scientificevidence to develop sound assessments
and facilitate policy-making• Promoting interdisciplinary researchand problem-solving approaches withfilling the knowledge gaps
• Strengthening biodiversity observation
networks, collaboration with other TGs.
• Promoting the data accessibility, deliver
our information and knowledge to global
platforms such as CBD and IPBES

https://www.ipbes.net/assessment-reports/

Vision & Challenges of APBONOur challenges include...
1. Scaling-up the observational area

• Geographical gaps, Temporal gaps
• Scaling-up monitoring of Ecosystem processes/functions
with Remote sensing team

2. Understanding relationships between species diversity
and ecosystem functions• Species diversity vs Biomass• Species diversity’s contribution to ecosystem services, mitigation ofclimate changewith Carbon/GHGs TG

From April 2016- March 2019 (3yrs)

Development of methodology for species and functional diversity assessment inSoutheast Asian tropical forests using high-resolution 3D monitoring technique~Toward understanding the feedback mechanism of climate change to tropical forest ecosystems~

Atmosphere Climate change

Ecosystem functions

Increase in CO2 level and￥temperature
Tropical forest ecosystems

Lightenvironment

Canopy 3D
structure
UAV - SfM

Habitat

Emissions of BVOC

Environmental issue
In tropical forests
Biodiversity
Distribution ofanimals
Camera trap
DNAs in flood ofmosquitos

Response to CO2and temperature
in forest floor

Plant phenology・
Primary net
production
Mentoring camera

Canopy stricture

Relationship with tree
species diversity

Evaluation of sustainability of tropical forest ecosystems
by 3D monitoring technique
http://www.nies.go.jp/biology/en/research/frame/pasohsyonaia.html

Species diversity and canopy structure ofa tropical tree community in Malaysia
Yayoi Takeuchi, Habura Borjigin, Nobuko Saigusa (National Institute for Environmental
Studies, Japan), Kaoru Niiyama, Tamotsu Sato (Forestry and Forest Products ResearchInstitute, Japan), Toshinori Okuda (Hiroshima University), Hamdan Omar, Azharizan
Mohammad Norizan (Forest Research Institute Malaysia)“Forest canopy”• Major ecologicalprocesses• Major environmentalfactor• Forest attributes

Species diversity influenced by forest
structure in finer scale• 3D-forest structure would be a key for species coexistence

HorizontalStructureLightNicheCompetition

Cf. Forest architecture hypothesis (Kohyama 1993)
Taller forest can support more species

Objective
To understand the relationship between forest structureand species diversity(1) Characterizing forest canopy structure by UAV-SfM(2) Exploring forest canopy index which infer tree species
diversity

Pasoh Forest Reserve50ha plot CTFS/FRIM, 1987~

6ha plot

FFPRI, 1994~

Canopy tower& walkway

Several 1ha plot

FRIM, 1960s

Computation

Field Observation & survey

StructurefromMotion(SfM)

Photos by a UAV
Groundcontrolpoints

Tree species
diversity & size

Orthomosaicimage
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Statistical Analysis
Species diversity index &Canopy index

Digital CanopyHeight
Model (DCHM)

Digital Surface Model(DSM)

Canopy height

Result65m

50m<

Orthomosaic image

Species diversity index
Species diversity index
SSpecies richness

H

Shannon’s index

simp

Simpson’s index

invsimp

Inverse simpson’s index

JEvenness

73 individuals
56 species

20 x 20 m subquadrateCanopy structure index
Canopy structure index
MAX

Maximum heightMIN

Minimum heightRANGE

MAX -Min

MEAN

Mean of canopy heightSUM

Sum of canopy height

STD

Standard deviation of canopy height

torRoughness of canopy （3D/2D)

MAXMEANMIN

20 x 20 m subquadrate

Application for large-scale biodiversity monitoring using remote sensing

Satellite

Air

What is the measurable
biodiversity metrics using
remote sensing?

How does Biodiversity
relate with Biomass?

Image of WorldView 2Higher species diversity were
found in higher canopy

Field

LTER sites

20172019

Phenology as a key ecosystem function-Flowering, flushing, coloring leaves
Ecosystem service
Provisioning service-food production-raw material
Regulating service-pollination-carbon storage
Cultural service-recreation/tourism(The encyclopedia of Iban studies, 2001)

Phenology observation SENTINEL
Satellite

Satellite

SLATS

UAV
Time-lapse camera(Shin Nagai)

Park et al. 2019 Remote Sens

Field In-situ observation
GMS
satellite(Tomoaki Miura)

Conclusions: Expectations from APBON
1. Filling the observational gaps through collaboration withRemote sensing team• Geographical gaps, Temporal gaps
• Scaling-up monitoring of Ecosystem processes/functions

2. Understanding relationships between species diversity andecosystem functions through collaboration withCarbon/GHGs TG• Species diversity vs Biomass• Species diversity’s contribution to mitigation of Climate change

Expected outcomesIntegrated earth observations will provide the insight for interaction among
Essential Variables
APBON’s main
targetLopez-Ballesteros et al. (2018) Env Re Let

Use our biodiversity observation
network
ILTER-EAP East Asia and Pacific region

8 membernetworks●Terrestrial (85)● Fresh water (11)● Marine (20)

From 11th APBON (June, 2019)

BON in “master sites”

Synonyms: “top sites”, “super sites”, “LTER hubs”, “sentinel sites” etc.
JapanKorea
China
TaiwanVietnam
Laos
Cambodia
ThailandMyanmar
Malaysia
BruneiSingapore
Indonesia
Phillipines

UNESCO BR
Yakushima
Jeju Island
Xishuangbanna
Langbian
Tonle Sap
Mae Sa-Kog Ma
Inlay Lake
Crocker Range

CibodasPallawan

Forest GEO

Xishuangbanna
Lienhuachih
BidoupDoi Inthanon
Pasoh, Lambir
Kuala Belalong
Bukit Timah
PalananYahara

Thank you foryour attention!