『those who think by lllustration can do work well』〜The first chapter〜

Why lS it good to think in "illustration"?
You canunderStand "illustratlOn" at丘rst slght.

We often have the situation that we think it is easy tO understand ifI think for"illustration".

For example, party kindly teaches the route onthe telephone when l visits someofBce for the first time.

"Are you coming from Tokyo Station?"
Then please get off at a □□station of subway 00 line ,go out of third exit and go to

the left hand.
Cross a zebra crossing at the second signal, turn to theright. Ⅰ'11 See a service

station and go to the left hand.

A convenience st,Ore is about 30 meters from there

I think thatthe route lS easy tO find because of Short explanation, but, after all, I
often at a loss having paper which put downfragmental･y words in its hand.

Not knowlng the place well, I can't image the route only by words for some reason.

I regret that l might as well get a map sent with fax or look up it is rely on an
address by oneself as late for an appointment but, in fact ,a map can make you See

the rollte Clearly at a glance.

You find landmark besides service station and convenience Store and can walkguessing the rote.

Furthermore, there can be such a thing "well, I knowthe street onthe other side.
so, the destinatlOn is around there''

I canexpress it only be a sentence, but there is surely a weak sector in it.
It is di凪cult for a sentence to show a location like a map.

Do you have such experlenCeS that thought it is hard to try to tell by words and to
think, you find it easily when you draw a sketch

There is such powerthat you connect various Information wlth "illuStration''and
understand at丘rst sight.

It is possible for "illustration" to show allthe things which you can understandconcretely and can't touch and look at,

It lSn't so difBcult that you can think concretely as soon as you illustrate what you
thlnk in "illustration" abstractly.

Moreover, when you have a problem on work or privatelife, you can use"illustration".

At first you prepares a blank paper ofA4and writes problems midmost and writes
ln the category whlCh you aI･e hittlng, and is related to the circumference

And you encircle it and tie with a line, thinking ̀̀what happens if this was tied tothat?" and "whlCh is more importantthingA or B?"

When l move my hand and does simulation on paper in various ways, it seems to
be a lie that worries oneself and I often find a solution easily.

When I argue, something happens to him
If you are in an opposite position from the other, you will draw "inustration" andsuggest that "what you have to sayand your position are here, and my positlOnand

what I have to say arethere･ So, thlnldng objectively, it is proper that we solve theproblem by mutual concessions" in many case your opponent understands.

There seems to be such a work that they can regard the situation as objectivity

each other by trying tO draw a total structurein"illustration"
Every one can draw "illustration" easily.

After graduating universltyJ worked at an airline about 20 yearsand now l teachuniversity student a sector of Self‑expression.

One of the sector, I amincharge of a class of "illustration communication"
Illustration

communicationisatechniquethat血awing"iuustratlOn"

andunderstand･ thinking by "illustration" and tell by "illustration"･ ThlS teChnlque Can
improve communication efBciency by leaps and bounds･ I studied and developed
this technlque On a business.

Thinking it asthe person who developed this solution and technique, "all thepeople thlnk in an illustration, everyone become more happily"
Tb think in "illustration" iS an unexplored色eld for us.

However, it is not dlfficult at all about drawing "111ustratlOn".
To say extremely, regardless 0f age, educational background and culture, anyone
can use it if they can draw a circle and an arrow.
Anyone, a normal person, begin w∫lting with his talent whlCh he has and candevelops it by keeplng make an effort.

"illustration" 1Sright technique to think.
Hidetoshi Nakata of the soccer player who called a genius in丘eld of sports.
I think con丘dence of his talent iS that he regards a situation as "illustratlOn"anddeal with it.

He has a highability to predlCt the placement which each his opponents andfriends are after several SeCOndsfrom fragment information Such as the course

which they are going to move･ And his abihty leads a wonderfulpass.

On the other hand, ShougiMaster, Yoshihito Habu, seems tO be one of outstanding
persons in how to think in "illustration" too.
He says that, ●Tmade it good form, I win", "Shougl by all mean has a good pattern".
I am an amateur about shollgi, but I tbiI止it is con丘dence of his powe血1neSS thatplaying shougi, he consIStently grasp a tOtalsituation as "illustration"and c｡ntr.1s
it.

By the way, it is a person called a genius both ofNakata and Master Habu.
It seems to betheir talent to be able to draw "illustration" in a head.
However, even a normal person can approach them if they have paper and a pen.
At first, I want to tell you what is characteristic of an illustratlOn, COmparing
anything with 〟the sentence" that was the mainstream of communication in ascheme so far.

You have to free yourselffrom thinking in a sentence.
There iB a famous Sentence "100times of reading give you the meanlng, iThiS Shows attitude of study that inthe sense you comes tO understand if even a
di伍Cult reads repeatedly many times.

However, I doubt these woI･ds now.
It seems that a written sentence is ab801ute･ Because of your insufBciency
understandlng, you Can't understand.

At any rate read repeatedly withollt thinking.
But is it rlght?
In many method of communication that is a newspaper, a magazine, a book, anofBce document and electronic mail, a sentence makes them, but is a sentence so
perfect expression and a tool of transmlSSion.

Is itanonly method that I read repeatedly to understand?

Rather suchanexcessive sentence falth, dependence to a sentence seem toobstruct our communicationand thought.
There should be technique to attracts a problem to oneself more, and to think
deeply.
And I think that a method of the purpose is "illustratlOn乃With "illustration" you can manage a difGcult paper I am asked for commentaries

such aS admimitrative white paper or economy paper by editor of economic andbusiness magazines.

Dlffel･ingfrom a noveland an essay, 1t lS difacult to understand a sentence such asthis and people don't want to read it, but I w皿Ilgly take commentaries.

When I am engaged in making commentaries, Ⅰthink: I know the hang to makecommentaries, taking writing apart carefuuyJ can understand it roughlyL If l do so
and don't understand, many people coddn't understand lt too,

It can be wrong tlmt it says.
If I write what l understand of don't understand earnestly, I could explain well.

And the gimmick is ̀̀illustration
At丘rst, With the sentence that you should read, prepare paper ofA4 size, and getsa pen which are easy to write and a marker of nuorescence colors ready. This isready to illustration

lt is a procedure thatfirStly trled to read thought a sentence wltha marker in
one's hand.
You mark it with it when you且nd a point, an important part and an Interesting

expression that you think･And you read to the last at natural speed.
In the丘rst process you shodd try to see a total image at once･ So if you have apoint that you don't understand, you only have to mark it.

When you read throughit tothe last once, try to illustratean｡utline ｡f the total
image taking the making into consideration.
However, there is not a丘Ⅹed method in particular so you make a list of key word

whlCh you marked･ encircle it and draw a line and a arrow between the wordandothers, thinking that what kind of connections betweenthese and that I develop it
and then it connects this･ ThlS is a process that you can illustrate.

Asa rough sketch, I intend to try to, so to speak, tidy ln a head somehow and trled
to draw an illustrat10n.

I can this "temporary illuStratlOn"

Next, I return to a sentence once again while looklng at this temporary

illustrationand read consciously the part which you did not understand,the partwhich you want to know more in detail atthe Brst reading.
And you write in仇e key word which you discovered newly and the connectionthat you noticed in "temporary illustration" further.

Afterward you correct it to form neatly includlng the illustrationthat you added tothlS "tempOrary山ustration".

Even if･ lt is hard to understand this "temporary illustration"the illustration
begins to take good stable form of balance, taking integration in the whole at thisstage.

Then, you can tidy lt in your headand come to think that you can grasp contents

of the sentence as yours.

The point of that you canunderstand or not becomes clear when it is for aconnection to be cleal･ to join together with a line and an arrow.

Furthermore, thinking ln Various ways in a process you get an illustration, youalso discover the new connectlOn that was not written in a basis of sentence andmore.

And when l comment about it in maga2=ines, all I have to do is to wnte a sentencein accordance with "illustration"

When you write looking at on "mustration", you have a understanding deeply anddon't have unrest, because it seems to look at the outline as if you Stand on a highobservation platform and̲ grasp an essential outline well.
Ifyou can't consent to the part of"illuStratlOn" it is that you can丘nd out what you

can't understand.

I call this readlng and understanding method to read a sentence while illustratlng

it "read withilluStrating
Andthen I use this method･ rll be able to comprehend even paper of thickEconomlCWhite Paper and large portlOn Of monograph same as edltOrlal ofnewspaper and paper of do not have many page and eSSay･

You don't havethe case that you can't forward because ofitS difnculty.
I teach students "read with illustrating", reading and understanding method by

the "illustration" that you canget a totalimage instantly in a crass of unlVerSity.

Anytlme, I have a reactlOn that theythlnk they ovel･Come their fear for a sentence
and they grow their ability of the understanding further.
Then "illustration''has a marvel to understand the sentence that I was not able toreadily understand only by reading.

It isthe reason that you simply the content of the sentence in a process tO
il1ustrateand can think for yourself.

Usually, of coul･8e, We read a sentence from beginning to end.

In other wards, howevel･, We meet his thought of the author.
It isunnaturalthat only mentality must follow the way of another person,sthought thougheach person is different,
Asa result･ you often can't work yourthought freely,understand it and feelrefreshed.

On the other hand, "read with illustrating can be said to be active way of reading.
You are in search for key words reading a sentence, encircle lt, tie with an arrow
and a line and try to understand content of a sentence for yourself somehow.

In addltion, when you read the sentences you don't get total images until the last.

Furthermore, you can't forecastthe discovery of the sentences when story digress
due to explanation for definition of a new wordand matter related t..

ThingS have different sides and connection of time but sentences must express allof them in one line of context.

So･ Writer try to express a structure, causation, and time somehow withconjunction, 'therefore', 'but', 'so'and words ̀丘rst', 'afterward', 'consequently'andvarlOuS rhetoric.

However, though sentences become clear or interesting they cannot convey total
images instantly becallSe pf them characteristics.
But content of sentences described for figure come to understand at slgh七.

Things have various relations such aS logical relations, human relations,geographicalrelations･ time relations, strong or weak relations, and near or far
relations.

Figure canexpress all these relations straight.
For example, a map and a sketch can express the thing about a site, and acalendar and a schedule llSt Can express the thing about a time.
Expressed f♭r Sight, a strllCture Of tl血gs gets remarkably possible to beappreciated deeply.

"The limit of Sentence"

Aetually, when I continue "illustration" I often notice.

̀WhatH cannot understand thlS Sentence because of not lack of my comprehension
but lnCOhel･enCe in sentences themselves.

The same, things are described on a line of context in a Sentenee.

In addltion, in conslderatlOn for context or reader you need to care about detail,･
style, use ofpartlCle and conjunction and so on.

You have to choose a wordand an expression carefully.
In fact Sentences are SO COmPlicated expresslOn method.
So only expert at sentences can express what he wants to say at will.
A丘gure witll lines and arrows is an expression method, which express relation

between tbingS.

So the incomprehensible part cannot be descnbed in lt.

However, in the sentences, which are complicated and foggy, it is often to over lookor veil by rhetoric contradictionand ambiguity.

In other words, in the communication by Sentences it happensfrequently that awriter writes off the sentencesthoughhe doesn't well understandand naturally thereader can't understand more.

Until now the reader iS WOmied that because of lack of my education andcomprehension I can't understandthese sentences but its cause is aflood of thesentences having difnculty to read and contradictlOn.
Suchmiserablesituations

occur

in

every

field:

business,

educatlOn,

administration, polltics, and so on.
By the progress in a word processor, personal computer, e一mai1, and lnternet, theinformation by sentences has increased remarknbly around us.
Especially the typed Sentences have hypnotic power that wl･itten sentences are

impllCit. We are apt to over look problems and incoheI･ence.
Vogue or inconsistent sentence information give rise to misunderstand and passed
not digested.
Such cycle continue.

Figure, it is a tool of communication that cut off the cycle and improvethe
efLciency of communication.
̀̀Tool improving communlCation"

I described function about understanding by "illustration
But a丘gure has another use.

"Illustration" helps us about thinkingand communication very much.
You can use "illustratlOn" for every sector･ For example, make a life design,
problem solutlOn Of everyday life and study and thillking about world economy andpolitlCS.

It is whatanyone thlnks that l want to grow the understandingand becomebright, but there is some stage to be like that
At The first stage, you canunderstand disconnected part as individual knowledge.
Next, the second stage is gets possible to see a connection of each part, and you
canunderstand it for a systematic and wholly

Actually, througha work of "illustratlOn", We Canget to be able to understand it
deeply, while passing throughthree these stages.
By practice of illustration communication, you can build up three skills which are
understanding, thinking and communicative competence.
What does the speci丘c meanlng Of each sklll? We shall begln With looking into

the process of the understanding･The understanding by ∝illustratlOn" gives you knowledge more and more, thereason of that come from you can understand it in yourself.

The understanding by "illustration"lmve the baSal

attitude which is notunderstand the things what opponent want to say, but understanding the things

what yourantenna react.
Anyway, connect the things what you understood each othell and you get possible

to arrange a generalimage for yourself.
I said to Students that

一一A human being can understand only athing

understanding oneself, You give things what can't understand the push.

Then all student faces become bright.
A human belng understands it only withcurrent his level, justly.
On the other hand, there is not limltation to quantlty Ofinformation in the world.

Many kind of information will be accumulated and became more profoundeveryday.

It lS specialized every sector more and more,andthere isanexpert in each.
Therefore, you can't understand perfectly atfirstfor everything.
The things can understand depend on your grow up. Now,丘ve years later and ten

years later you can understand each thlngS What you couldn't understand.

<useful function about 'lillustration"‑help you thought>
This section shows you about relation between "thought" and "illustration''. To
think about it,鮎st of all, you have to know about essence of your T'thought‑.. it is notclear and vague beyond your exception. No one know the reason, but it is true.(Forexample, it is easier to sleep when you read treatise or same books which have hardcontent) For that reason, If you have too many things whlCh you have to do, your'■thought'l become confused, and your braln don't work well. but, if you take Ha way‑■ ,your ‑'thought‑I work very well. ■'a wayt'lS H111ustratlOn". 1b show you this usefulness,try tothink about difference between ordinary way and HillustrationH: Ordinary,
your brain can think only a few things at the short of time, so, to think use by only
braln is very hard woI･k Onthe contrary, ‑■illustrationH is no limit, because it is outof brain work, use papers.And, it remains for a long time, you cansee at same timeabout many things, and, can categorize or uni& it.And you can get to ‑tglobal lmageT'‑this is one of main usefulneSS function about "inustration‑I‑ It‑ll enable you to getessence of everything.

A SCientist said ‑Human brain have different function between left side andright side‑ 1eftfunction is logicalthinking,right function is sentimental. So, to use
bothside i8

better aboutlmman by nature. But, youknow, Japanese

educational‑System have focused on left side of brain, not both, so, when l lectureabout T‑illustration'T, and my students pI･aCtice "illustration'',their brain are
activated ‑Many students tells me about these tiredness IBut,these are refresh
feeling ‑ made by activation of both side of brain.

So you have to start studying from some parts you can underSt,and and try to draw
̀̀illustration‑■On the basis of there parts, If you have done this, T'illustration''you draw will berecorded on your brain by degree. and, youTll be able to recollect at exactly.

Add to, you‑ll get understand many knowledge easily, quickly if you have to study
unknown country to you or your weak丘eld.

This iS like automatically device ‑first, you draw some 'lillustratlOn'l second, theirsystems absorb new knowledge at automatlCally. thlS IS WOnderful cycle at point
which help you.

In addlt,10n, how to meshand use an image, sensitlVlty and logic t,bought is nottaught.

Under the circumstance any students use both logic and senslt,ivity in theirillustration classes for thefirSt time, and have experience inthinkinginthe lump.
A certain student says "I feel a part of my head whlCh l didn't use untiュ new be白n

to move with a clatter when I illustrate."
It is a part of a thougllt by the image that was unexploited until now, I name "abrain of an illustration"="1muStration brain''

A brain of loglC Is abused in tile modern society, but on the other hand thisillust,ration braln is still unexplored for many people.

Therefore I feel that very large possibility is still hidden in our efLclenCy.

What on earth kind of orlginally and intellectually productive activity, newbusiness and culture will be created when we begin to use bothlogic and sensitivity
inthe lump? ‑.Ⅰ'm looking forward to t,he rut,ure.

ThlngS reach all precISely.
How will be our third communication e]阻ciency "transmission", next to "anunderstanding" and "a thought".

When I try to understand deeplyand think dynamically and convey t content
again "illustration , unique power Just like "illustration" is shown here.
Now documentsalmost, every part consists of sentences Still account for mostwhen people submit仇e planning paper or undertaking plan in business.

Such documents must reachal1 the people concerned precisely and be content or

descriptlOn that seem to advance the project efBciently, because they will bethe
frame of real undertakings and so on.

And it is ̀̀illustration"that enables this.
In the case of sentences, for example, ouly around 20%ofthe writer'S intent can betransmitted to a reader.

Even lf each thing whlCh was itemized was confirmed, understand thoseconnections Characteristics and a difGerence of importance.

As a result, an lmage Of a reader can have been completely difEerentfrom that of
the writer.

And sometimes a reader can Stretch a sense, or misunderst,and a nuance of words.
In a style of sentences aS COmmunication, they are apt to start at details･

Sentences are quite dlfBcult even particle", and a nuance is conslderably
different from person to person.
Looking back over my life, I think I seemed to have spent almostal1 my overtime
work revising Such ̀̀partlCles''or tl･ifling expressions in my 20's and 30'S.

First when I made a document with paintsand brought it to my chief, I wascommanded to do such a trifling revision as "Inthis sentence, ̀It lS I that do'lS more
opportune expression tIlan ̀I do'."Second when I brought it to my senior director, he did a similar revision at

another part.
Lastly when I brought it to my executive director, sentences were revised andwritten as I had just written befoI･e!
The above facts were common happenings.

And sometlmeS businesSPerSOnS have a project meetlng Wit,h crit,iciZ;ing atentatlVe Plan. (Both "criticizlng" and a "tentative plan''are called "tataku""tataki‑dai''in Japanese.)
They arefrequently apt to start argulng about each detail and trining matters 0f
peripheral things because a generalframe and the point are hard to be seen when
they start with Sentences.

However,the project doesn't progress if they start with details one by one fromthe
first.

How to proceed with the work which they must formulate agaln every time theperipheral Situation changes a little is non‑efLciency.

On the ot,her hand, how will be it if they try to make planning papers andspecl丘catlOnS by illustrations?

People who concernwith the project have various positions, duties and ideas, but
anyone can graspthe generalConcept and the point of the project at丘rst sight if it isshown on "illustration".

Because all the people concerned can share the concept of the foundation, as forthe details, each person can be equalto the occasion.
The project progresses for self‑proliferation, but they do not waste labor and candevelop it with speed when they use "illustration",If there is a draftwhen one builds a house,for example,anintention of the chlef

mourner reacheSall the persons concerned wlththe const,ruct,ion smoothly.
Various craftsmen like cont,ractorS, Carpenters, Plumbers, electricians,roof‑workers, plasterers are concerned withthe construction of even one house.

What kind of the foundation and plan of the house and the method of theconstructlOn are Clear at glance if there iS a draft.

Each person Can have a rough ldea where he sI10uld begin his asslgnment Of theconstruction.
How wlll be this if one w山bu止d his house only by his words?

First he can't contemplate basic and lmpOrtant things like the plan of the house if
he oneself is fettered by trinlng ldeas hke ̀̀the color ofwallpaper is this,the color of
the roof is that".
tn addition, craftsmen may plaster over the electric construction, and̲ they nay
work floors before t,he plumbing, and it must be possible to build the St,range house
whlCh is full of patchwork in consequence.

Because they tearofffloors and repeat plumbing, term of constructionwill be
extended very lnuCh.

The example above seems to be a funny story, but don't a lot ofsimilar stories thatare too serious to laugh at occur in real business senses?
The important point to make a go of a business is to make an invisible idea suchas a buslneSS Plan, business modelvisible and ready to be imaged concretely all thetime.

The plannlng papers Which take in a technical "illustration" to persuade an
opponent can persuade him into agreeing.

A humanbeing dlShkes being persuaded.

It seems to be operated his thought by another personand he feels unpleasant.
However, drifts written to be appeared to others have intent to persuade them.
Even if the person who wrote these doesn't notice this intention, a reader reacts
se nsitively.

tn addition, SentenCeSfrom "particles''tofine nuances of words written by anotherperson are apt tO be felt out ofplace.

Such a feeling "I can't acceptthese without bitterness", a reader feels.

As a result, an opponent demands many revisions from a writer, but t,his is notvery interesting f♭r a writer.

He feels that he elaborated his sentences with points and peI･fectly pollShed every
word to the point that he couldn't do any longer.

But he feels aS if not only his culture but also human nature is denied when he 18
demanded revisions easily‑
ThlS is the trut,h of ̀̀illuStration".

Sentences have clear features ofwrlterfrom language to how to develop his logic.
Compared with sentences, "illustration" simply expresses Only main points.
For this reason, people can advance a talk about essential things.

When one lS demanded a revision, it is easy, and he pulls a line qulCkly at theplace and repalrS it, and agreement 18 reached.

Afterward a barren controversy like ̀I Said'rYou didn't say'will be hard to come tohappen.
In addition, the features of communicatlOn by "illustration" are to stimulate aheed ofanopponent by taking surroundlng afigul･e, tO inspire an opponent's
lmaglnatlOn, and to make him particlpate in my project.

He can have a reali2;ation that he was able to take part in the basis of the project
deeply when we use "illust,ration".

Memory of content of talks will be stayed deeply, too.
There

is

somethlng

a

lot

to

be

gained

each

other

like

I

can丘ndthenewdevelopment and problems that I didn't notice.

"Illustration" Communication is able to be called "technicalof understanding" 1f
communication by sentences is regarded as "technique of persuadlng".

Finally, at the last part where forelgnerS also know that the core of a problem iswritten, I will introduce the advantage of "illustration" communicatlOn Which we

can communicate over a wall of feature of "Illustration" communication.
Now we have many countries, nations and languages in this world.

Aswell as these walls, there is a wall which is produced by religlOn and education.
Above all, a wall of words makes world communication dlfacult more than
im aglnation.

The Japan Air IJineS Where I worked in businessman t,imes is an international

Company having headquarters in many religious such asAmerica and Europe,
Middle East and Asian Oceanla.
There is oftenanOpportunity for employees to gather from headquarters ofvarious areas and have a meeting or a workshop.

On that occasion they used English, but I had many dlfLculties of communication.
English is scarcely a native language for Japanese.
In Japan Air Lines, anyone of employees laid emphasュs On English study, butnaturally there are differences between individuals.
Some peoples could speak English more且uently than natives, but quite a few

ones were weak on speaking English if they were apt at worklng.
My grade of TOEIC was around 670 points in those dayS･<Below is a date ofTOEIC>

A mark of 600 in business means that the person who can get the mark doesn't
feel inconvenience in daily conversation and lf a new graduate writes the mark on

curriculum vltae tO and a job, he will be set a hlghvaluatlOn On his ability bycompanies without foreign･a凪1iated companies.

A mark of 730 means that he can make histhought understood fluently and he
will

be

set

a

high

valuation

when

he

changes

his

job

or

get

job

with

a

foreign‑af丘1iated company.

He had the advantage of English.
I was almost in the middle point of tIleSe levels.

I could not always argue violently inthe scene that I must have played it by ear
when I was asked questions o argued at a meeting.

On the other hand, there are many klnds of foreigners, the French, Indian,Chinese and so on.

And it is not anyone that can communicate on English completely.
Everybody who used English as a common language had a handicap.

And there were many scenes tothatthey could not communicat,e each otherfluently at the place where people who have various natlOnalities gather.

Therefore I thought out a plan, and rendered observations of meetings orworkshops into "illustration" at a public me