NEWS Vol.20
JULY.2012

International Center for Environmental Technology Transfer
C O N T E N T S
1.2. JICA’s Partnership Program (Local Government Type)
Integrated Program for Environment-friendly
Compost Systems in the Republic of Palau (IPECS)

5. Technology Exchange Program between Henan Province(China) and Japan and Research on Environmental &Energy-saving Technology Needs in Vietnam

3. A Project to Promote Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emitted
by Industries in Developing Countries (India)

6. Personnel Training Course for Officials of the City of Tianjin

4. A Project to Promote Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emitted
by Industries in Developing Countries (the Philippines)

7. CTI Activities at COP17

JICA

JICA’s Partnership Program (Local Government Type)
Integrated Program for Environment-friendly
Compost Systems in the Republic of Palau (IPECS)
In the Republic of Palau it is urgently needed to develop a waste disposal method that issustainable and minimizes the burden on local residents. To this end, a composting system whichconverts household kitchen waste into compost needs to be introduced, thereby facilitating thecreation of a recycling/reuse-oriented society at a grassroots level. Under the “integrated program forenvironment-friendly compost systems in the Republic of Palau,” the International Center for Environmental
Technology Transfer (ICETT) has been engaged in the enhancement of local residents’ environmental
awareness in a designated model area located in the Koror state, aiming to help improve local waste disposal
conditions and establish a kitchen waste composting system that is harmless to both human health and theenvironment. By encouraging the use of compost made from kitchen waste to grow vegetables and the
distribution of such compost to local residents, this program ultimately aims to increase agricultural crops andachieve better lives and livelihoods for the local residents.

Outlinethe grassroots level. The ultimate goals of the IPECS is to raise theawareness of waste disposal among residents in the designated model
area in Koror state, improve government officials’ abilities to enforce
waste disposal measures, and facilitate the use of environment- andhuman health-friendly compost made from kitchen waste to growvegetables.

■ Relations between Mie Prefecture and Palau
The Republic of Palau became an independent country in October
1994. The former president Kuniwo Nakamura, whose father wasborn in Ise City, made a number of visits to Mie Prefecture. When the
Matsuri-Haku (World Festival Exposition) Mie 1994 was held,
President Nakamura participated in the event, accompanied by a folk
dance group.
A wide range of international exchange programs and regional
collaboration initiatives have been conducted between Palau and Mie,such as exchanges between Mie Maritime High School students andstudents from Palau, the donation of garbage trucks to Palau, andresearch programs on fisheries products. In light of these close
Palau-Mie relations, ICETT proposed the IPECS, making anapplication to Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Chubu
International Center through Mie Prefecture. The program was
pre-approved as a JICA partnership program.
The previous issue detailed successful cases and prospects
regarding localization (the introduction of Japanese measures,
technologies and facilities) identified from field surveys on technology
transfer, describing examplesof transferred technology
having taken root in partnerJapan
countries and self-help
efforts following ICETT’s
Hawaiian
Islands
technological cooperation.
This issue comprises aninterim report about ongoing
efforts under the IPECS,
which constitutes a JICA
Australia
partnership program (local
government type).

[Announcement of the program commencement] With Governor of the State of Koror■ Preliminary Discussion
Period: June 12 to 18, 2011
Outline of Activities
ICETT conferred with representatives of the Palau
government and the states of Koror, Airai and Aimeliik to selectappropriate program counterparts and sites.

[Location of Palau]
Source: JICA website■ Background and Objectives
The Republic of Palau has a population of about 20,000 people, of
which some 14,000 people reside in Koror state (18 km2), the target
state of the program. ICETT has conducted a survey on the current
situation and enlightenment/educational projects in Koror state. Whatis urgently needed in Koror state is the establishment of a sustainablewaste disposal system that imposes smaller burdens, in cooperation
with tourist facilities and local residents, as well as having
recycling/reuse and waste composting systems firmly established at

Activity (1): Consultation with Mr.Usui (Branch Manager, JICA) and Mr.Fuji (Advisor)❶

■ Survey on the Current Situation(3) Questionnaire Survey on Promotion/Enlightenment
Activities
In reply to a questionnaire survey conducted after a wrap-up
meeting, local residents responded that ICETT’s promotion/
enlightenment activities were adequate and helpful indeepening understanding of the program.

Period: October 24 to November 3, 2011
January 15 to 21, 2012
February 13 to 18, 2012
Outline of Activities
ICETT selected a model area for the program in Koror stateand strengthened cooperative relationships between and among
the relevant organizations. To help local residents learn about an
integrated composting system originating from Mie Prefecture,
ICETT also conducted an on-site demonstration of how tocompost kitchen waste. At a wrap-up meeting, a local resident
representative offered a positive comment, saying “We would
like you to proceed with the program as early as possible.”■ Toward Localization
As a first step toward affording the people of Palau a better
understanding of the need to introduce environmental measures andtechnologies from Japan, ICETT must cooperate with the Koror
government and its local residents in acquiring information on theeffects of the program. Based on the acquired information, ICETT
strives to proceed with the program, aiming to contribute to
localization in Palau.
(Mashita and Oya, ICETT)■ Program Outcomes(1) Technical Guidance by ICETT Technical Advisors
ICETT received the following comments from technicalexperts:*The success of this program depends on collaboration
between local residents, the government of Koror state, thecompost center, and Palau Community College.
(Makoto Hoki, professor emeritus of Mie University)*The compost center in Koror is well managed; it does not giveoff bad smells and does not swarm with flies. High quality
compost is produced through its standardized and wellorganized operational structure.
(Rikio Hashimoto, Compost and Soil Cultivation ResearchCenter)■ Comment fromJICA Staff
Waste problems in Oceaniancountries, which are attributed togeographical conditions specific toisland nations and lifestyle modernization, cause many problems inthese societies. As a waste treatment
support program, JICA has been
conducting the Project for Promotion of Regional Initiative on Solid
Waste Management (J-PRISM),
targeting all Oceanian countries
since January 2011. The integrated
composting system originating fromMie Prefecture, which is being promoted in Palau under a programapproved as a JICA partnership program, is attracting great attention
from not only residents of Palau but also those of other Oceaniancountries. JICA plans to link the program and J-PRISM in the future
to achieve further results.
(Yoko Ikuma, senior coordinator, JICA Chubu)■ Comment from ICETT Technical
Specialist/Expert
Koror state, the counterpart of the
ICETT program, has been actively
involved in waste management
improvement. As an administrative
effort, an initiative to convert kitchen
waste from resort hotels into compost
has already initiated at a recycling
center under the guidance of Mr.
Fuji (advisor). The “IPECS” is apartnership program with JICA, inwhich kitchen waste that is not
currently collected will be subjected
to primary treatment (mixing withbase-materials to inhibit decomposition and accelerate fermentation)and collected to a recycling center in a hygienic and efficient manner.
The participation of more than 80 local households is expected for theduration of the program. We hope to receive the participation of as
many local residents as possible, thus allowing continuous
implementation of the program.
(Usami, ICETT)

Activity (2): Making compost (demonstration by project staff)(2) Publicity/Exchange/Promotion/Enlightenment Activities
Photographic panels titled “Oceanian Countries,” whichwere exhibited at JICA’s NAGOYA GLOBAL PLAZA from
December 7, 2011 to February 26, 2012, included a picture of
ICETT’s program in Palau. The program was also introducedon the website of the Multicultural Affairs Division of Mie
Prefecture (http://www.pref.mie.lg.jp/TABUNKA/HP/). ICETT
program and its specific on-site activities were also introducedin the following media:
Island Times (October 28)
Palau Community College Mesekiu’s News (November 11)
Tia Belau (November 14)❷

The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)

A Project to Promote Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emitted
by Industries in Developing Countries (India)
As a subsidiary project of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), ICETT has
been conducting a program to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries,
in collaboration with the Climate Technology Initiative (CTI). A brief report of ICETT’s energy
efficiency improvement program targeting the rolling mill industry in India is provided below.

Outline■ Background and Objectives■ Activities in the Bhavnagar Area

India is nine times the size of Japan and has 10 times the
population. As the scale of India’s economy has been steadily
expanding, energy demand driven by economic growth is expected tocontinue rising, in response to which India is preparing energy
conservation action plans.
India’s industrial structure is characterized by regional industrial
clusters, which mean industrial hubs comprised of small- andmedium-sized companies. Because overseas advanced technologies
have as yet hardly been introduced in regional clusters and many
manufacturing facilities are based on domestic techniques, there isconsiderable potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions byapplying overseas advanced energy-saving technologies. Therefore,
ICETT has been conducting the energy efficiency improvement
program, targeting rolling mill clusters in the Bhavnagar and Raipur
areas.

In the Bhavnagar area, Gujarat, ICETT has improved the energy
efficiency of a furnace in a model factory, conducted a workshop, andprovided on-site technical guidance for each individual factory. As aresult, four rolling mills have renovated their furnaces so far to
improve their energy efficiency. In addition, this year ICETT invitedrolling mill managers from the Bhavnagar area to provide lectures by
the Japanese experts on furnace and rolling technologies. A groupmeeting was also conducted, at which the mill managers and technicalexperts discussed how to promote energy efficiency improvement in
the area.

■ Activities in the Raipur Area
ICETT conducted a workshop in Raipur to show the outcomesachieved in Bhavnagar and provide lectures by Japanese experts toparticipants. The experts also visited rolling mills to provide technicalguidance. After the workshop, some rolling mills renovated theirfurnaces based on the technical guidance they had received. As
demonstrated by these facts, the program resulted in the widespread
improvement of energy efficiency in Raipur.

New Delhi★

Bhavnagar

RaipurTechnical guidanceby an expert■ Program Details
In addition to Bhavnagar (Gujarat State), a prosperous industrial
area located in western India, this year ICETT selected Raipur(Chhattisgarh State), an inland area with abundant resources andenergy, as target rolling mill clusters for the energy efficiency
improvement program.

Workshop■ Cooperation with India
Because industrial conditions in India vary by state, ICETT has
cooperated with experts and relevant local parties in providing
technical guidance tailored to respective regional industrial clusters.
Support programs for medium, small and micro enterprises are also
increasingly needed in India. To realize India’s further developmentwith the cooperation of Japan, I believe our program of conveying
Japan’s advanced energy-saving technology to India to be of great
importance. I hope that our support program for the rolling millindustry will lead to the expansion of independent initiatives toimprove energy efficiency in India.
(Tabata)

Rolling mill❸The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)

A Project to Promote Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emitted
by Industries in Developing Countries (the Philippines)
Energy Efficiency Improvement Program in the Philippines
As a subsidiary project of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), ICETT has been
conducting a project to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Philippines since 2007 incollaboration with government institutions of the Philippines. In FY2010, ICETT particularly
concentrated on disseminating and expanding the outcomes of energy efficiency improvement efforts that ICETT
had conducted targeting small and ultra-small food companies in the Philippines. At the same time, ICETT
expanded the target to relatively large-scale companies and implemented a feasibility study (F/S) of an energy
efficiency improvement program, exploring the possibility of emissions credits.

Outline■ Backgroundscale company, an oil/fat
processing factory (NCR), a
beer factory (Region IV), a
sugar-producing factory, and an
alcohol production factory(Region VI). The F/S results
indicated that some 170,000
tons of CO2 (a combined total
from the four target factories)
could be annually reduced andthat a considerable reduction ingreenhouse emissions could beachieved if the improvementtasks proposed by the Japaneseexperts were accomplished. For the sugar-producing factory, theJapanese experts advised improving energy efficiency in its production process and introducing biomass power generation based onbagasse (fiber residual from sugar cane). A high-pressure boiler and ahighly-efficient steam turbine are used in bagasse-based biomass
power generation. If these initiatives were introduced into all 12
sugar-producing factories on Negros Island, the generation of 600
MW of electricity would be possible. Horizontal deployment of these
initiatives in sugar-producing factories shows promise for thestabilization of the electricity supply in the Philippines. Regarding theoil/fat processing factory,
based on analysis results
and technical guidance by
the expert, they are now
considering the possibilityof developing efforts into a
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project.
(Tamura and Matsuoka)

In the Philippines, the Biofuels Act was enacted in 2007 and theRenewable Energy Act was enacted in 2008. In response to thelegislation, the Department of Energy has identified resource/energy-saving initiatives, energy self-sufficiency improvement,
expansion of the use of clean energy (renewable energy), andmeasures to solve chronic power shortage problems as priority issues
in its Energy Plan. Thus, the government policy has been accelerating
efforts to lower dependence on oil and facilitate the use of renewableenergy. The fact that the Philippines lacks energy resources such as
oil and that the country is, because of being composed of numerous
islands, faced with chronic power shortages (the nation’s unit
electricity charge is almost the same as that of Japan) raises concern
for the future economic development of the country.
Against this backdrop, ICETT has conducted a program to help
reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Philippines in collaboration
with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and theDepartment of Science and Technology. To be specific, ICETT has
provided seminars and technical guidance by Japanese experts,
focusing on the “development of officials’ instruction abilities” and“technical guidance at a model company.” From among small andultra-small companies, which account for 90% of all companies in thePhilippines, those located in the following five regions were selected
as target companies for the program: the Manila National Capital
Region (NCR), Region IV (Southern Tagalog District), Region V(Visayas Province), Region VI (Negros Occidental Province) andRegion X (Mindanao District).
Administrative regions
These five regions were in the Philippines
selected from the total of 17
administrative regions (seemap on right). By conducting
Oil/fat processing
factorythese activities, ICETT has
Beer factory
been able to concentrate on
improving energy efficiency
Sugar-producing factoryand facilitating energy conNegros Island
Alcohol production factory
servation efforts in the target
companies/regions.

Harvesting of sugar cane

Negros Island
Negros is an island located in the middle of thePhilippine archipelago (among
the Visayan Islands), lying to
the west side of Cebu Island,
which is popular with Japanesepeople. Negros Island isrenowned as the largest sugar-producing area in the country, withsugar cane fields stretching extensively along both sides of theisland’s roads. Sugar cane harvested by hand is laden onto abuffalo to be carried to a truck waiting on the road.

■ Program Details and OutcomesTo achieve further improvement of energy efficiency andgreenhouse gas emission reduction, in FY2010 ICETT followed up
the activities that had been conducted in FY2009. For example,
ICETT provided on-the-job training by Japanese experts to improveenergy efficiency in model companies. Feasibility studies (F/S) of
energy efficiency were also conducted, targeting a relatively large-❹

Mie Prefecture(China) and Japan and Research on Environmental& Energy-saving Technology Needs in Vietnam
On April 1, 2009, ICETT launched a project commissioned by Mie Prefecture to encourageMie-based companies to transfer their environmental & energy-saving technologies to Asian
countries. In FY2011, the project focused on China and Vietnam. Based on technology needs inHenan Province that had been identified by the previous year’s research, ICETT held a technology exchange
program in Japan for technology specialists from both Japanese and Chinese companies, contributing to finding
solutions to environmental problems and accelerating energy conservation initiatives in Henan Province.
Furthermore, ICETT carried out research on the environmental technology needs of Vietnam. Vietnam wasselected as the target of the research; companies in Mie Prefecture showed considerable interest in Vietnam in
the previous year’s questionnaire survey. The collected information on the country’s technology needs wasshared with Japanese companies via ICETT’s website.

Outlinethe requisite technologies and advanced equipment that have highpotential to solve environmental problems in Henan. In addition totechnical discussions, participants also visited facilities located in Mie
Prefecture for better understanding and ensuring improvement effectsof the advanced equipment introduced. Participants from Henan also
gave a presentation at the 2011 Leading Industries in Mie Exhibition,with the aim of informing companies in Mie of the environmental
technology needs of Henan. As a result of the technology exchange
program, some Japanese companies have started discussions to
specify the details of technology transfers project with companies inHenan, anticipating future business possibilities. In the technology
needs research in Vietnam, ICETT conducted interviews withgovernment institutions, industrial organizations and Vietnamesecompanies faced with various technological problems, aiming tounderstand the local needs for environmental & energy-saving
technologies and the local site conditions to be considered intransferring technology. As a result, it was found that Vietnam was inneed of wastewater treatment technology suited to the local
environment conditions, highly efficient incinerators at waste
disposal sites, waste collection systems, and energy-saving
management systems for high-rise & high-class buildings.
Information obtained from the interview survey was posted on the
ICETT website to facilitate future business opportunities.
(Toyonaga)■ Background and Objectives
This year marks the 25th anniversary of the friendship agreement
between Henan Province and Mie Prefecture. Given thelong-established friendly relations, it is deemed meaningful to expand
the friendship and cooperation activities into business-creating
activities at a local company level. Transfer of Japan’s longaccumulated environmental & energy-saving technologies to Henan
thereby is expected to help it solve environmental problems andimprove the environment in Henan. Accelerated exchanges among
companies of Japan and Henan will also result in the creation of new
business opportunities. Besides China, companies in Mie Prefecture
are also showing considerable interest in Vietnam. By conducting
surveys on the needs of environmental technologies in Vietnam anddisseminating obtained information, ICETT helped increase Japanesecompanies’ interest in technology transfer to overseas countries.

■ Program and Objectives
The technology exchange program had participants of two groups;
one is companies in Henan Province wishing to introduce advanced
Japanese technologies to find solutions to environmental problems,
take energy efficiency improvement measures, and produce
equipment & devices using advanced Japanese technologies; and theother is Japanese companies (mainly in Mie Prefecture) possessing

Exchange of views among participants

Facility Visit

2011 Leading Industries in Mie Exhibition

Technology Needs Reserch in Vietnam❺

Yokkaichi City

Personnel Training Course for Officialsof the City of Tianjin
Since the establishment of a friendship-city agreement in 1980, Yokkaichi and Tianjin Cities
have actively facilitated various exchange programs in a wide variety of fields. As part of such
efforts, ICETT was commissioned by Yokkaichi City in 1993 to provide training courses onenvironmental conservation to participants from Tianjin. So far, 101 participants from Tianjin have received suchtraining courses in Japan (the number of participants who have taken part in a series of environmental
conservation seminars in Tianjin totals 520). In FY 2011, under the theme of “the realization of a low carbon
society,” ICETT conducted a seminar in Tianjin and a training course in Yokkaichi.

Outline■ Background

This year, four officials including representatives of Tianjin
Environmental Protection Bureau and the Tianjin Academy ofEnvironmental Sciences were selected from among the seminar
participants to join a training course provided by ICETT. Under thetheme of a “low carbon society,” the training course was conducted
for 14 days from November 6 to 19, 2011, aimed at training personnel
capable of contributing to the creation of a low carbon society in
Tianjin.

In Japan, rules &regulations for achieving
a low carbon society havebeen increasingly implemented. Both the public
and private sectors haveintensified the development of advanced technologies and various otherefforts. Aiming to help
participants increase their
Site visit
understanding of Japaneselaws & regulations as well as administrative and private bodies’
initiatives and technological developments, the training course wasconducted in collaboration with the following three sectors:
governments including Mie Prefecture, Yokkaichi City, and theTokyo Metropolis which has newly established mandatory emissions
reductions and Tokyo-ETS; private companies including electric
power company, steel company, oil refinery company, and chemicalcompany; and a research institute which is engaged in studies toestablish low-carbon technologies for the construction industry. Oneof the participants commented, “I was impressed by the fact thatJapanese companies have taken a wide variety of measures to saveenergy, while at the same time actively conducting enlightenment &educational programs to reduce global warming issues and facilitate
environmental conservation efforts toward a low carbon society. I
learned how to collect CO2 emission baseline data and received
valuable advice, which should prove useful in preparing a greenhousegas inventory in Tianjin. Upon returning to Tianjin, I would like tobuild on what I have learned in Japan and contribute to the realizationof a low carbon society.” ICETT greatly appreciates those who
cooperated in conducting the training course.
(Fukushima)

Environmental conservation seminar in Tianjin

Training participants and staff

China has set the realization of a resource-saving and environmentconscious society as a goal of its environmental measures under its
12th five-year plan, aiming to evolve into a low carbon society toaccelerate sustainable development. In line with such intention of thegovernment, the City of Tianjin, which is a direct-controlledmunicipality and a designated environmental model city of China, isalso required to take effective measures to fulfill the goal.

■ Seminar Held in Tianjin
Prior to the training course in Japan, ICETT held a seminar in
Tianjin under the theme of “planning and construction technology tocreate a low carbon society/city” at the request of Tianjin City forthree days from August 30 to September 1, 2011. Topics discussed at
the seminar included: how to prepare greenhouse gas inventories;
methods to monitor emissions; city planning and construction
technologies toward a low carbon society; and industrial examples
and advanced technologies regarding the development of a low
carbon economy.

■ Details & Results of the Training Course❻

CTI Activities at COP17
December 2011 Durban, South Africa
The 17th United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Durban, South Africa, withan extended period from November 28 to December 11, 2011. At the Conference, the 17th
Conference of the Parties (COP17), the 7th Session of the Conference of the Parties serving asa meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP7), as well as a meeting of four subsidiary bodies were also
held. As an important outcome, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action wasestablished to provide a process for developing a protocol, another instrument or an agreed outcome with legal
force under the Convention, which are applicable to all Parties. In addition, the second commitment period of
the Kyoto Protocol was agreed in Durban. A basic scheme of the Green Climate Fund was also agreed upon,
aimed at implementation of the Cancun Agreements. ICETT participated in the Conference as the CTI
Secretariat, holding side events and setting up an information booth to facilitate better understanding of its
activities.

Outline■ At the UNFCCC discussions, financing has been one of the main
issues in the area of technology transfer. To contribute to theachievement of UNFCCC’s technology transfer objectives, theCTI launched the CTI Private Financing Advisory Network (CTI
PFAN) program in collaboration with the UNFCCC secretariat, inan effort to secure financing access indispensable for projects
addressing climate change issues in developing countries. Throughpublic-private partnerships, the CTI PFAN program has expandedfinancing opportunities for project developers and entrepreneurs
involved in clean energy, renewable energy and energy efficiency
improvement projects, thereby facilitating technology transfer todeveloping countries and countries with economies in transition.

■ International efforts to combat global climate change began in
1992 with the adoption of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This Convention
provides an action framework for stabilizing atmosphericconcentrations of greenhouse gases, aiming to avoid “dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” The
UNFCCC went into effect on March 21, 1994 and has been ratified
by 194 countries to date.
■ The Climate Technology Initiative (CTI), which was establishedby the International Energy Agency (IEA)/OECD member
countries and the European Commission at the 1st Conference of
the Parties (COP1) to UNFCCC in 1995, is a multilateral initiative
based on international cooperation. Its mission is to establish aninternational cooperation framework to promote the broad
diffusion of climate-friendly, environmentally sound technologies
and technical know-how throughout the world. In 2003, the CTI
was reformed as an Implementing Agreement of the IEA, and it
established an international secretariat at ICETT, further expanding
the scope of its activities.

■ The CTI has regarded the PFAN program as the core of its
initiative to lead discussion at the UNFCCC. At the two side eventsof the 17th UNFCCC, the CTI reported the results, progress andfuture prospects of the CTI PFAN program. Because the CTIPFAN program is highly effective in efficiently utilizing thelimited amount of public resources available and in encouraging
private financing and direct investment, the CTI intends to deploy
the PFAN program in line with a post-2012 framework, thereby
contributing to the achievement of goals set by the UNFCCC.
(Taiki Kuroda)

CTI side event❼