Workshop: Restoration of Disaster-affected Documents in Japan
Ms. Maki TAKASHINA*
Project Researcher

Mr. Tomohiro AKUTSU

Chief of the Conservation Section
National Archives of Japan

National Institute of Japanese Literature【Abstract】

First, Lecture will be provided to give an introduction to the history of rescue activities and thechanging treatment methods for disaster-affected documents in Japan. The focus will be on how the
coping strategies were devised and subsequently improved during the two key turning points inJapanese disaster history (namely, the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995 and the Great Tohoku
Earthquake of 2011), as well as on current rescue activities (first response, triage or prioritization,
various forms of drying work, etc.). Future challenges in archive rescue work will be also discussed.
After the lecture, demonstration and hands-on practice will follow with a purpose to give as manyarchivists as possible some experience with the basic techniques used in those methods.
Demonstrations and practice session will involve the following: (a) Natural drying (air drying): Thismethod involves placing the wet documents vertically, and drying them by air with equipment suchas a fan. (b) Absorption drying: This method involves placing sheets of absorbent paper between
each page to absorb water and dry the document. (c) Washing and air streaming: This method wasdevised by the Tokyo Document Recovery Assistance Force, a volunteer group formed to rescue
documents damaged in the Great Tohoku Earthquake. The system incorporates cleaning and drying
methods which had been used outside of Japan, and is designed to be carried out in the manner offlow production. (d) Prep work for vacuum freeze-drying: With this method, documents are frozen
and then placed in a vacuum so that the water sublimates directly from a solid to a gas. Because thismethod requires the use of a vacuum freeze drying machine, in this workshop, participants will
experience the pretreatment stage only.
【Biography】
Ms. Mutsumi AOKIAssociate Professor at the National Institute of Japanese Literature (NIJL). She has been playing
a leading role in projects to rescue records damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. Her
major focus of research has been archival preservation since she first joined NIJL in 1981. Her
long-time contribution to enhance a better understanding on the importance of archival preservation
brought her an achievement award from the Japan Society for the Conservation of Cultural Property
in 2012. She also has rich teaching and training experience at various institutions including the
Graduate School of Fine Arts at the Tokyo University of the Arts. She holds a bachelor's degree inhistory from the Rissho University.
Mr. Tomohiro AKUTSU
Chief of the Conservation Section at the National Archives of Japan (NAJ). He joined NAJ in
2007, after he had finished a course on paper conservation at the Istituto per L'Arte e il Restauro,
Palazzo Spinelli in 2005.
*

Ms. Maki TAKASHINA will read the text prepared by Ms. Mutsumi AOKI, Associate Professor
at the National Institute for Japanese Literature.

1

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ƐƚŽƌĞƌŽŽŵǁĂƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŽŶƚŚĞĨŝƌƐƚĨůŽŽƌŽĨƚŚĞƚǁŽͲƐƚŽƌǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘dŚĞůŽǁĞƌƚŚƌĞĞƐƚĂĐŬƐĂƚƚŚĞďŽƚƚŽŵŽĨƚŚĞĞŶƚŝƌĞƐŝǆƐƚĂĐŬƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĞůǀĞƐǁĞƌĞƐƵďŵĞƌŐĞĚ͘dŚĞƐŚĞůǀĞƐǁĞƌĞƉŽǁĞƌͲŽƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ͖ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚůŽĐĂůŽĨĨŝĐŝĂůƐƚŽŽŬŽƵƚƚŚĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞďŽƚƚŽŵƐƚĂĐŬ͕ƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚŵŽǀĞĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐŽƵƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌǁĂƐŽƵƚ͘dŚĞƐŚĞůǀĞƐǁĞƌĞƐƵďŵĞƌŐĞĚďĞĨŽƌĞĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐǁĂƐŵŽǀĞĚŽƵƚ͘dŚĞƉŚŽƚŽƐƐŚŽǁƚŚĞďŽŽŬƐƚŽƌĞƌŽŽŵƚŚĂƚƚǁŽǁĞĞŬƐŚĂǀĞ ƉĂƐƐĞĚ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ͘dŚĞďŽƚƚŽŵƐƚĂĐŬŝƐĞŵƉƚǇďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞŵŽǀĞĚŽƵƚ͘㻠㻚㻟㻚㻞㻌㻌dŚĞŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ^ŝƚƵĂƚŝŽŶŽĨ:ŽƐŽŝƚǇ,ĂůůƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇϮϬ͕ϬϬϬĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŽďĞƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚůǇǁĞƌĞĚĂŵĂŐĞĚĂƚ:ŽƐŽŝƚǇ,ĂůůďǇƌŝǀĞƌǁĂƚĞƌ;ĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌͿ͘ŵŽŶŐƐƵĐŚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂƌĐŚŝǀĞƐŽĨĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŝǀĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐŝƚǇƚŽŽŬŽǀĞƌĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂŵĂůŐĂŵĂƚĞĚƚŽǁŶͬǀŝůůĂŐĞďĞĨŽƌĞĂŵĂůŐĂŵĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŽĨĨŝĐŝĂůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĂĨƚĞƌƚŚĞĂŵĂůŐĂŵĂƚŝŽŶ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƌĞĐŽƌĚƐƚŽƐĞĞƚŚĞƚƌƵƚŚŽĨƚŚĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŝǀĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ĨĨĞĐƚĞĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞƚŚĞ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƚŽďĞ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚůǇ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞŵĂŶĂŐĞĚĂƐ ĂƌĐŚŝǀĞƐ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů
ƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ͘ EĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐŽŶƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ
ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ƚŚĞǇĂƌĞŶŽƚƵƐĞĚƚŽďƌŽǁƐĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ͘ ĂĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚŝƚǁĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽŵŽǀĞƚŽƚŚĞĂƌĞĂ͘ &ŽƌƚŚŝƐƌĞĂƐŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽďĞŵŽǀĞĚƚŽŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŽǁŶ͘dŚĞĚĂŵĂŐĞĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞƐŽĂŬĞĚ͘dŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞĞŶǀĞůŽƉĞĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐǁŚŽƐĞĞŶǀĞůŽƉĞƐǁĞƌĞĚŝĨĨŝĐƵůƚƚŽƉĞĞůŽĨĨďĞĐĂƵƐĞǁĂƚĞƌĞŶƚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞĞŶǀĞůŽƉĞƐĂŶĚĂůŽŶŐƚŝŵĞŚĂĚƉĂƐƐĞĚǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͘ƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚ͕ƚŚĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĞŶǀĞůŽƉĞƐĂĚŚĞƌĞĚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĨŝƌŵůǇ͘ůƐŽ͕ŵŽůĚŐƌĞǁŽŶƚŚŽƐĞƉĂƌƚƐĞǆƉŽƐĞĚƚŽĂŝƌ͘ůĂĐŬŵŽůĚĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƚĞĚ͘:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞƉĂƉĞƌŝƐƵƐĞĚĨŽƌŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͖ƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĚĂŵĂŐĞĚďǇŝŶƐĞĐƚƐĂŶĚƌĂƚƐďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞĚŝƐĂƐƚĞƌ͘

6㻠㻚㻠 DĂƚĞƌŝĂůhƐĞĚĨŽƌEĞǁZĞƐĐƵĞĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌĂƚŝŽŶDĞƚŚŽĚƐ;ϮͿ

㻠㻚㻠 DĂƚĞƌŝĂůhƐĞĚĨŽƌEĞǁZĞƐĐƵĞĂŶĚZĞƐƚŽƌĂƚŝŽŶDĞƚŚŽĚƐ;ϭͿWĂƉĞƌƚŽǁĞůƐ
^ŽůĚĂƚƐƵƉĞƌŵĂƌŬĞƚƐĂŶĚŚŽŵĞĐĞŶƚĞƌƐ͕ƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĞĂƐŝůǇĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĞǀĞŶŝŶĚĞǀĂƐƚĂƚĞĚĂƌĞĂƐ͘ǆĐĞůůĞŶƚůǇĂďƐŽƌďĞŶƚ͕ǁĞƵƐĞĚƚŚĞŵŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚĞĚƌǇŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͘ĂƌĚďŽĂƌĚƐĂŶĚǁŝĐŚĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉĂƉĞƌƚŽǁĞůƐ
DŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞƌĞůŝĞĨƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐĂƌƌŝǀŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞĚĞǀĂƐƚĂƚĞĚƐŝƚĞƐǁĞƌĞƉĂĐŬĞĚŝŶĐĂƌĚďŽĂƌĚďŽǆĞƐ͖ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞƉůĞŶƚǇŽĨĐĂƌĚďŽĂƌĚďŽǆĞƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͘DŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞϰƐŝǌĞ͘tĞĐƵƚƚŚĞĐĂƌĚďŽĂƌĚŝŶƚŽϯƐŝǌĞĂŶĚƐĂŶĚǁŝĐŚĞĚŝƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉĂƉĞƌƚŽǁĞůƐ͘tĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚůĂƌŐĞƋƵĂŶƚŝƚŝĞƐŽĨĐĂƌĚďŽĂƌĚ͕ďƵƚŝƚǁĂƐĞĂƐǇƚŽŵĂŬĞ͘tĞĐŽƵůĚĂƐŬǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐŝŶƌĞŵŽƚĞĂƌĞĂƐƚŽŵĂŬĞĂŶĚƐĞŶĚƚŚĞŵ͘&RUUXJDWHG
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sĂĐƵƵŵ ĨƌĞĞǌĞͲĚƌǇŝŶŐ
ZŝŶƐŝŶŐ dĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƵƐŝŶŐĨůŽĂƚŝŶŐďŽĂƌĚƐ dĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƵƐŝŶŐĂŝƌƐƚƌĞĂŵ

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㻠㻚㻣㻚㻢 KƉĞŶŝŶŐƚŚĞŽŽŬůĞƚƐĂŶĚůĞĂŶŝŶŐ

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