Curriculum Vitae
Yahachi Saito[Title]Emeritus Professor, Nagoya University[Research Field]
Materials Science, Crystal Physics, Nanoscience[Date of Birth]Feb. 28, 1953
[Education]
March 1975
March 1977
March 1980

Bachelor of Engineering, Nagoya University
Master of Engineering, Nagoya University
Doctor of Engineering, Nagoya University[Professional Career]
April 1980
Research Scholar, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
January 1981
Assistant Professor, Toyohashi University of Technology(Oct. 1984 - Dec. 1984 and July 1985 - Sept. 1985; Visiting Scientist, AT&T Bell
Laboratories)
November 1985 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University
February, 1990 Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Mie University
April 2000
Professor, Mie University
April 2004
Professor, Nagoya University
April 2018 - present Fellow, Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute[Membership in Academic Circles]
Physical Society of Japan, The Japan Society of Applied Physics, The JapaneseSociety of Microscopy, The Japan Society of Vacuum and Surface, The Fullerenes,
Nanotubes and Graphene Research SocietyResearch Overview
Yahachi Saito
The author’s research field is solid state physics for nanoscale materials, especially, studies on theformation and physical properties of nanoscale materials such as atomic cluster, ultrafine particles,
carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene.

From 1975 to 1996, starting his research work on the growthand crystallography of ultrafine particles, generation of an atomic cluster beam and its mass analysis, heshifted his research interests to the production and characterization of C60 fullerene, CNT and related
substances.

Since 1996, he focuses on field emission from nanocarbon and its application to electron

sources.

1. Growth and structure of ultrafine particles and atomic clusters (1975-1991)
Ultrafine particles of various elements were prepared by a methodof evaporating a raw material in an inert gas to obtain fine particles(particle size in a range from ca. 5 to 100 nm), so-called “gas evaporation
method” (Fig. 1), and crystallographic studies of the prepared particles byelectron microscopy were carried out to reveal crystal structures,morphology and growth mechanism.

Major achievements include thediscovery of a new crystal structure of Ge (tetragonal system), theformation of Mo and W ultrafine particles with the A-15 type structure,and the creation of quasicrystal ultrafine particles with five-fold rotational

Fig. 1. Smoke of fineCu particles.

symmetry.
In the study of atomic cluster beam generation and mass spectrometry, using a home-made atomic
cluster generator comprised of a supersonic nozzle beam and a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer,
size distribution of metal atom clusters (Fig. 2) and size-dependent ionization potentials were
investigated. This is the first in Japan to measure the physical properties of metal atom clusters using

Fig. 2. TOF mass spectrum of Pb clusters
formed by supersonic nozzle expansion.

Fig. 3. Mass spectrum of Ge clusters
generated by LMIS.

a beam in vacuum.

In addition to this nozzle beam method, a liquid metal ion source (LMIS) was

employed to generate various atomic clusters such as Li, Na, Au, Si, Ge, and Sn (Fig. 3).

Size

distributions of clusters, “magic” numbers (the number of constituent atoms forming stable clusters),
and the size-dependent stability and so on were studied by mass spectrometry.

2. Synthesis and characterization of C60, CNT and related substances (1990 - present)
Synthesis of C60 and other fullerenes was carried out at the earliest time in Japan, and the growthand crystal structures of fullerenes aggregates and thin films were studied. As a substance related tofullerenes, we discovered graphitic cages containing metal ultrafine particles named carbon
nanocapsules (Fig. 4). This discovery was introduced in Nature magazine as an exploration toward a
new research field of the substance trapped in nanometer space (Nature 361, 297 (1993)). The synthesis
research of carbon nanocapsules containing metal fine particles had been a clue to the discovery of
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) growing from metal catalysts (Fig. 5).

Fig. 4. TEM picture of a carbon
nanocapsule containing a LaC2
crystallite.

Fig. 5. TEM picture of SWCNT extending
from metal catalyst.

3. Field electron emission from CNT and
its application to display devices (1996- present)
In the research on CNT electron emitters,
structures of CNT tips were studied for the first time by
field emission microscopy (FEM).

The result wasreported in 1997 (Nature 398, 554), and gave an impact
on the study of the field emission mechanism from

Fig. 6. Vacuum fluorescence display(VFD) with CNT cold emitter.

nanotubes and its application to new electron
sources.

As one of applications of CNT fieldemission electron sources, we succeeded infabricating a prototype of light emitting devices(Fig. 6) in collaboration with Noritake Ise

Fig. 7. Character display panel with CNT
cathode.

Electronics in 1998.

Furthermore, we worked undercooperation between industry and academia to push forward
this technology to develop field emission display (FED) andcharacter display panels (Fig. 7).
Unfortunately, the development of the CNT based FED
has been discontinued due to the price lowering of theexisting flat panel displays and the economic recession
caused by the Lehman shock in 2008.

But, there are still

various applications of CNT electron sources that make useof its unique features.

Among them, we focused on

development of a compact high-performance field emission

Fig. 8. Desktop FE-SEM equippedwith a CNT electron source.

scanning microscope (FE-SEM) and an X-ray microscope
equipped with a CNT electron source (Fig. 8).

4. Field emission microscopy of CNT and graphene: Observation of carbon
pentagons, edge states, and adsorbed molecules (2007 - present)
In addition to research toward practical application of CNT electron
sources, we pursued studes on field emission from a fundamental view point,
and executed observation of the five-membered rings at the CNT tip andinterference of electron waves (see Fig. 9) emitted from adjacent carbon
pentagons.

Furthermore, we indicated a possibility of atomic resolution

observation of molecules (Fig. 10) and Al atom clusters (Fig. 11) on CNT
tips.

Fig. 9. FEM image ofa CNT tip.

Regarding electron emission from graphene, using FEM andtransmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have revealed a uniquestriped FEM image (Fig. 12) that we call a “lip pattern”.

The FEM image

is characterized by (1) an array of streaked spots extending in the direction
perpendicular to the graphene plane, (2) a dark band running through thewhole pattern dividing the streaks into two wings, (3) a mirror symmetry

Fig. 10 FEM image of aN2 molecule on CNT.

with respect to the central dark band. These features can all be explainedby the symmetry of the π-electron orbital at agraphene edge.

For example, the dark band at thecenter of the FEM image is due to destructive
interference of electron waves emitted from two
lobes of a π-electron orbital extending to the upperand lower surface of a graphene with their phasebeing shifted by π each other, and the bright streaks
directed perpendicular to the graphene plane

Fig. 11 FEM image of an Al cluster (left) anda structure model of the cluster (right).

represent the π-electrons localized at edge atoms.

At

the graphene edge (especially at the zigzag edge),electron spins are expected to be ferromagneticallyordered.

Under high electric field, electrons at theedge state can be emitted via tunneling effect into a
vacuum, so the spin polarization is expected to be
directly measured, which would verify the theoretically
predicted order state of spins.

5. Physical properties of CNT studied byin situ transmission electron
microscopy (2003-2018)

Fig. 12. FEM image of a graphene edge
(upper panel) and schematic
illustrating its origin (lower).

Electro-migration of copper (Cu) encapsulated
inside a CNT, which is bridged between electrodes wasstudied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
When an electric current of 10 μA (current density 108
A/cm2) was passed through a CNT, Cu inside the CNT
moved to the electrode side (in a solid state), but the outer
CNT was intact, keeping its bridge structure (Fig. 13).
This reveals a high durability of CNTs against electromigration, suggesting that CNT is the most likely
candidate to be the next generation inter-connect (wiring)materials in large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits as a
successor for Cu, which has reached its limit as the wiringFig. 13. Electromigration of Cu inside
CNT.

material.
In the application of CNT to electronic devices, e.g.,channel materials in field effect transistor (FET) as wellas the inter-connect in LSI, electrical contacts to metalelectrodes with low electrical resistance and highmechanical reliability are very important issues.

We

have studied electrical contacts between CNT andseveral metals (Cu, Au and Ni) by in situ TEM (Fig. 14).
Contact resistance depending on tip structure (closed oropen) of CNT and metals was clarified.
Changes in structure and phases of Si nanoparticles
deposited on the CNT surface, during a heating process
by using the CNT as a heater, were studied by in situ
TEM.

Structural changes of CNT itself andluminescence from the CNT by Joule heating were

Fig. 14. TEM images of a CNT justtouching with and buried (top panel)
into Ni electrode, and I-Vcharacteristics (bottom).

simultaneously observed in TEM.

CNT field

emitters sometimes set off a violent vibration during
FE experiment in TEM as shown in Fig. 15.

Theauto-vibration of a CNT emitter was investigatedunder various conditions, e.g., length and diameter ofused CNTs, geometrical positioning against an anode,and so on.

6. Growth and Structure of Graphene(2007-2018)
Evolution of surface structures of SiC by thermal
decomposition and the growth of graphene were
investigatedbyreflection

high-energy

Fig. 15. CNT facing toward an anode atvarious angles before application ofelectric voltage (upper panel), andvibrating CNT during FE (bottom).

electrondiffraction and ultrahigh vacuum scanning electron
microscope/scanning tunneling microscope (UHV-SEM /STM). Graphene nanoribbons were also prepared on the
SiC surface by controlling the thermal decomposition
process (Fig. 16), and electrical conduction of thenanoribbon was evaluated by 4-probe method.

Fig. 16. SEM image of graphene
nanoribbons on a SiC surface.

Publication List
Yahachi Saito
Original papers
1) T. Hayashi, Y. Saito, S. Yatsuya, K. Mihama and R. Uyeda: "Morphology of Fine Crystallites
Formed by Gas-Evaporation Technique. Face Centred Metals (Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, In, Ag, Au and Pb),
Silicon and Germanium", J. de Physique 38 (C2), 191-194 (1977)
2) Y. Saito, S. Yatsuya, K. Mihama and R. Uyeda: "Formation of Ultrafine Particles by GasEvaporation Technique. V. Silicon and Germanium in Argon", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 17 (2), 291-297(1978)
3) Y. Saito, S. Yatsuya, K. Mihama and R. Uyeda: "Multiply-Twinned Particles of Germanium － A
Supplement to "Formation of Ultrafine Particles by Gas-Evaporation Technique. V."－", Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys. 17 (6), 1149-1150 (1978)
4) Y. Saito, S. Yatsuya, K. Mihama and R. Uyeda: "Crystal Structure and Habit of Fine Metal Particles
Formed by Gas-Evaporation Technique; bcc Metals (V, Fe, Cr, Mo and W)", J. Cryst. Growth 45 (1),501-505 (1978)
5) Y. Saito: "Crystal Structure and Habit of Silicon and Germanium Particles Grown in Argon Gas", J.
Cryst. Growth 47 (1), 61-72 (1979)
6) Y. Saito, S. Yatsuya, K. Mihama and R. Uyeda: "Formation of Ultrafine Metal Particles by GasEvaporation VI. Bcc Metals, Fe, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 19 (9), 1603-1610(1980)
7) Y. Saito: "Wulff Polyhedra Derived from Morse Potentials and Crystal Habits of bcc and fcc Metal
Particles", J. Cryst. Growth 53 (2), 273-279 (1981)
8) Y. Saito, K. Yamauchi, K. Mihama and T. Noda: "Formation and Ionization Potentials of Lead
Clusters", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 21 (6), L396-L398 (1982)
9) Y. Saito, K. Mihama and T. Noda: "Binary Compound Clusters Formed by Free Jet Expansion", Jpn.
J. Appl. Phys. 22 (3), L179-L181 (1983)
10) Y. Saito, K. Mihama and T. Noda: "Formation of Lead Clusters in Supersonic Nozzle Expansion:
Effect of Nozzle Geometry", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 22 (11), L715-L717 (1983)
11) Y. Saito, M. Suzuki, T. Noda and K. Mihama: "Study on Fragmentation of Ionized Atom-Clusters
by Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 25 (8), L627-L630 (1986)
12) Y. Saito, H. S. Chen and K. Mihama: "Icosahedral Quasicrystal Produced by Gas Evaporation of an
Al-Mn Alloy", Appl. Phys. Lett. 48 (9), 581-583 (1986)
13) Y. Saito: "Two-Dimensional Patterson Synthesis of Al-Mn Quasicrystal by Optical Method", Jpn. J.
Appl. Phys. 25 (8), L693-L696 (1986)
14) Y. Saito, K. Mihama and H. S. Chen: "Icosahedral Particles of an Al-Mn Alloy Produced by Gas
Evaporation", Phys. Rev. B 35 (8), 4085-4088 (1987)15) M. Watanabe, Y. Saito, S. Nishigaki and T. Noda: "Magic Numbers and Critical Sizes of Tin
Clusters Emitted from a Liquid Metal Ion Source", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 (3), 344-347 (1988)
16) Y. Saito, M. Watanabe, T. Hagiwara, S. Nishigaki and T. Noda: "Magic Numbers in a Mass
Spectrum of Lithium Clusters Emitted from a Liquid Metal Ion Source", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 (3),424-427 (1988)

17) Y. Saito, S. Nakahara and B. K. Teo: "Production of Ultrafine Gold and Silver Particles by meansof a Gas Evaporation and Solvent Trap Technique", Inorg. Chim. Acta 148, 21-24 (1988)
18) K.Minami, Y. Saito and T. Noda: "Cluster Abundance Spectra of Germanium Ions Ejected from a
Liquid-metal Ion Source", Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrometry 2 (6), 115-117 (1988)
19) K. Mihama, N. Tanaka and Y. Saito: "Growth of Al-Mn Quasi-Crystals by Vacuum Deposition",
Appl. Surface Sci. 33/34, 531-538 (1988)
20) Y. Saito, K. Minami, T. Ishida and T. Noda: "Abundance of Na Cluster Ions Ejected from a Liquid
Metal Ion Source", Z. Phys. D 11 (1), 87-91 (1989)21) T. Okazaki, T. Maki, Y. Saito and K. Mihama: "Formation of Quasicrystalline AluminiumVanadium and Aluminium-Chromium Fine Particles by Gas-Evaporation Technique", Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys. 28 (2), 195-199 (1989)
22) Y. Saito, T. Maki, T. Okazaki and K. Mihama: "Fine Particles of Icosahedral Quasicrystal Formed
by Gas Evaporation Technique", Z. Phys. D 12 (1-4), 127-129 (1989)
23) Y. Saito and T. Noda: "Cluster Cations Ejected from Liquid Metal Ion Source: Alkali Metals (Li,Na) and Group IV Elements (Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)", Z. Phys. D 12 (1-4), 225-227 (1989)
24) A. Kajita, Y. Saito, T. Yasue, M. Hayashi, A. Ichimiya, T. Gotoh, Y. Kawaguchi, M. Kotani, Y.
Shigeta, S. Takagi, Y. Tazawa, S. Ohtani: "Threshold Behavior of Synchrotron Radiation
Photoionization for Bi n (n≤4)", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58 (7), 2320-2324 (1989)
25) Y. Saito, I. Katakuse and H. Ito: "Aluminum Cluster Ions and Aluminum-Xenon Complex Ions
Formed by Ion Sputtering", Chem. Phys. Lett. 161 (4/5), 332-337 (1989)
26) Y. Saito: "Emission Spectra of Cu 2 , Ag 2 and Au 2 in Gas Evaporation", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28 (11)
L2024-L2026 (1989)
27) Y. Saito, A. Kajita, T. Yasue, M. Hayashi, A. Ichimiya, T. Gotoh, Y. Kawaguchi, M. Kotani, Y.
Shigeta, S. Takagi, Y. Tazawa, S. Ohtani: "Photoionization Efficiency Curves in the Threshold
Region for Bi n (n≤4) Molecules", Phys. Scripta 41, 51-54 (1990)
28) A. Kajita, M. Kimura, S. Ohtani, H. Tawara and Y. Saito: "Anharmonic Oscillations of Mixed Ionsin an RF Ion Trap", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 59 (4), 1127-1130 (1990)
29) Y. Saito, T. Ishida and T. Noda: "Cluster Ions Ejected from an Li-Mg Alloy Liquid Metal Ion
Source: Observation of Mg 2 2+ and Mg 3 2+", J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2, 76-80 (1991)
30) Y. Saito, H. Ito and I. Katakuse: "Magic Numbers in SIMS of Mn Similar to those of Charged Ar
Clusters", Z. Phys. D 19, 189-190 (1991)
31) Y. Saito and T. Noda: "Bimetallic Cluster Cations Ejected from a Liquid Metal Ion Source: Li-Na,
Li-Mg", Z. Phys. D 19, 129-131 (1991)
32) Y. Saito, T. Okazaki, A. Ohshita and K. Mihama: "Spectroscopic Study on the Crystal Growth inGas Evaporation: Emission and Absorption Spectra from Cu Smoke", Z. Phys. D 20, 403-405 (1991)
33) Y. Saito, H. Shinohara and A. Ohshita: "Bulk Plasmons in Solid C 60 ", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (6A),
L1068-L1070 (1991)
34) Y. Saito, H. Shinohara and A. Ohshita: "Electron Energy Loss Spectrum near Carbon K-Edge in
Solid C 60 ", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (6B), L1145-L1147 (1991)35) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, K. Tohji and Y. Udagawa: "Carbon K-Shell X-ray Absorption

Near-Edge Structure of Solid C 60 ", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (5A), L848-L850 (1991)36) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, K. Tohji, I. Matsuoka and Y. Udagawa: "Carbon K-Edge X-ray
Absorption Near-Edge Structures of Solid C 70 ", Chem. Phys. Lett. 183 (1/2), 145-148 (1991)
37) Y. Saito, K. Kurosawa, H. Shinohara, S. Saito, A. Oshiyama, Y. Ando and T. Noda: "X-ray
Emission Spectrum of Solid C 60 ", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 60 (8), 2518-2521 (1991)38) A. Kajita, M. Kimura, S. Ohtani, H. Tawara and Y. Saito: "Collective Phenomena Induced by Ion
Mixtures in an RF Ion Trap", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 60 (9), 2996-3003 (1991)
39) K. Sakaguchi, K. Mihama and Y. Saito: "Aluminum Cluster Ions Generated by a Liquid Metal Ion
Source", J. Appl. Phys. 70 (9), 5049-5053 (1991)
40) Y. Saito, N. Suzuki, H. Shinohara and Y. Ando: "Structure and Morphology of Solid C 60 /C 70 and
C 60 Grown from Benzene Solution", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (11), 2857-2862 (1991)41) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, M. Takayama, A. Izuoka and T. Sugawara: "Formation and
Extraction of Very Large All-Carbon Fullerenes", J. Phys. Chem. 95 (22), 8449-8451 (1991)
42) R. Kuzuo, M. Terauchi, M. Tanaka, Y. Saito and H. Shinohara: "High Resolution Electron Energy
Loss Spectra of Solid C 60 ", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (10A), L1817-L1818 (1991)43) M. Terazima, N. Hirota, H. Shinohara and Y. Saito: "Photothermal Investigation of the Triplet Stateof C 60 ", J. Phys. Chem. 95 (23), 9080-9085 (1991)44) M. Kobayashi, Y. Akahama, H. Kawamura, H. Shinohara, H. Sato and Y. Saito: "Observation ofSuperconducting Phase Growth in C 60 K x by Magnetic Susceptibility", Physica C 185-189, 429-430(1991)
45) Y. Saito, H. Shinohara, M. Kato, H. Nagashima, M. Ohkohchi and Y. Ando: "Electric Conductivity
and Band Gap of Solid C 60 under High Pressure", Chem. Phys. Lett. 189 (3), 236-240 (1992)46) M. Kobayashi, Y. Akahama, H. Kawamura, H. Shinohara, H. Sato and Y. Saito: "X-ray Diffraction
Study of Iodine-Doped C 60 ", Solid State Commu. 81 (1), 93-95 (1992)
47) H. Nagashima, A. Nakaoka, Y. Saito, M. Kato, T. Kawanishi and K. Itoh: "C 60 Pd n : The First
Organometallic Polymer of Buckminsterfullerene", J. Chem. Soc. Chemical Commu. Issue 4, 377-379(1992)
48) Y. Saito, N. Suzuki, H. Shinohara, T. Hayashi, M. Tomita: "Transmission Electron Microscopy andElectron Energy Loss Spectroscopy of C 60 Fullerite", Ultramicroscopy 41 (1-3), 1-9 (1992)
49) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, M. Ohkohchi and Y. Ando: "Mass Spectroscopic and ESR
Characterization of Soluble Yttrium-Containing Metallofullerenes YC 82 and Y 2 C 82 ", J. Phys. Chem.
96 (9), 3571-3573 (1992)
50) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, M. Ohkohchi, Y. Ando, T. Kodama, T. Shida, T. Kato and Y. Saito:"Encapsulation of a Scandium Trimer in C 82 ", Nature 357 (6373), 52-54 (1992)
51) Y. Saito, Y. Ishikawa, A. Ohshita, H. Shinohara and H. Nagashima: "Fivefold Twinned C 60
Crystals Grown by Vacuum Deposition", Phys. Rev. B 46 (3), 1846-1848 (1992)
52) T. Hashizume, X. D. Wang, Y. Nishina, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, Y. Kuk and T. Sakurai: "Field IonScanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of C 60 on the Si (100) Surface", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31 (7A),
L880-L883 (1992)
53) X. D. Wang, T. Hashizume, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, Y. Nishina and T. Sakurai: "Scanning
Tunneling Microscopy of C 60 on Si (111) 7×7 Surface", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31 (7B), L983-L986

(1992)54) A. Izuoka, T. Tachikawa, T. Sugawara, Y. Saito and H. Shinohara: "Crystal Structure of
Buckminsterfullerene (C 60 ) Incorporated by a U-Shaped Twin Donor", Chem. Letts. 1049-1052(1992)
55) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, A. Izuoka, T. Sugawara, H. Ito, T. Sakurai, T. Matsuo: "Extraction
and Mass Spectroscopic Characterization of Giant Fullerenes up to C 500 ", Rapid Commun. Mass
Spectrometry 6, 413-416 (1992)
56) H. Nagashima, A. Nakaoka, S. Tajima, Y. Saito and K. Itoh: "Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefinsand Acetylenes over C 60 Pd n ", Chem. Letts. 1361-1264 (1992)
57) N. Sato, Y. Saito and H. Shinohara: "Threshold Ionization Energy of C 60 in the Solid State", Chem.
Phys. 162, 433-438 (1992)
58) M. Terashima, N. Hirota, H. Shinohara and Y. Saito: "Time-Resolved EPR Investigation of the
Triplet States of C 60 and C 60 ", Chem. Phys. Lett. 195 (4), 333-338 (1992)59) M. Kobayashi, Y. Akahama, H. Kawamura, H. Shinohara, H. Sato and Y. Saito: "Magnetic
Susceptibility and X-Ray Diffraction Studies on the Growth and Disappearance Processes of theSuperconducting Phase in C 60 K x ", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31 (8A), L1051-L1053 (1992)
60) H. Kawamura, M. Kobayashi, Y. Akahama, H. Shinohara, H. Sato and Y. Saito: "Orientational
Ordering in Solid C 70 under High Pressure", Solid State Commun. 83 (8), 563-565, (1992)
61) S. Bandow, H. Kitagawa, T. Mitani, H. Inokuchi, Y. Saito, H. Yamaguchi, N. Hayashi, H. Sato and
H. Shinohara: "Anaerobic Sampling and Characterization of Lanthanofullerenes: Extraction of
LaC 76 and Other LaC 2n ", J. Phys. Chem. 96 (24), 9607-9612 (1992)
62) A. Izuoka, T. Tachikawa, T. Sugawara, Y. Suzuki, Y. Saito and H. Shinohara: "An X-Ray
Crystallographic Analysis of a (BEDT-TTF) 2 C 60 Charge-Transfer Complex", J. Chem. Soc., Chem.
Commun. Issue 19, 1472-1473 (1992)
63) Y. Saito, M. Inagaki, H. Shinohara, H. Nagashima, M. Ohkohchi and Y. Ando: "Yield of Fullerenes
Generated by Contact Arc Method under He and Ar: Dependence on Gas Pressure", Chem. Phys. Lett.
200 (6), 643-648 (1992)
64) H. Kawamura, Y. Akahama, M. Kobayashi, Y. Hasegawa, H. Shinohara, H. Sato and Y. Saito:"Simple Rhombohedral Structure of C 70 under High Pressure", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (1A/B), L101L103 (1993)
65) T. Hashizume, X. D. Wang, Y. Nishina, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito and T. Sakurai: "Field Ion Scanning
Tunneling Microscopy Study of C 84 on the Si (100) Surface", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (1A/B), L132L134 (1993)
66) M. Tomita, Y. Saito and T. Hayashi: "LaC 2 Encapsulated in Graphite Nano-Particle", Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys. 32 (2B), L280-L282 (1993)
67) J. Kawai, K. Maeda, M. Takami, Y. Muramatsu, T. Hayashi, M. Motoyama and Y. Saito: "DiscreteVariational-Xα Calculations of Buckminsterfullerene (C 60 ) and Fulleride X-Ray Emission Spectra", J.
Chem. Phys. 98 (5), 3650-3655 (1993)
68) K. Motai, T. Hashizume, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, H. W. Pickering, Y. Nishina and T. Sakurai: "C 60
Grown on the Cu (111)1×1 Surface", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (3B), L450-L453 (1993)
69) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Inagaki, M. Tomita and T. Hayashi: "Growth and Structure of Graphitic
Tubules and Polyhedral Particles in Arc-Discharge", Chem. Phys. Lett. 204 (3/4), 277-282 (1993)70) T. Ozaki, Y. Tai, M. Tazawa, S. Tanemura, K. Inukai, K. Ishiguro, Y. Sawaki, Y. Saito, H.
Shinohara and H. Nagashima: "Rate Correlation of Photoinduced Electron Transfer to C 60 ", Chem.
Lett. 789-792 (1993)71) H. Shinohara, H. Yamaguchi, N. Hayashi, H. Sato, M. Ohkohchi, Y. Ando and Y. Saito: "Isolationand Spectroscopic Properties of Sc 2 @C 74 , Sc 2 @C 82 , and Sc 2 @C 84 ", J. Phys. Chem. 97 (17), 42594261 (1993)
72) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, Y. Ishikawa, H. Nagashima and H. Shinohara: "Electron Microscopy of
Fullerene Thin Films Grown on Solid Surfaces", Mater. Sci. Eng. B 19, 18-24 (1993)73) H. Shinohara, H. Yamaguchi, N. Hayashi, H. Sato, M. Inagaki, Y. Saito, S. Bandow, H. Kitagawa,T. Mitani and H. Inokuchi: "A New Characterization of Lanthanum- and Scandium-Endohedral
Metallofullerenes", Mater. Sci. Eng. B 19, 25-30 (1993)74) M. Kobayashi, Y. Akahama, H. Kawamura, H. Shinohara, H. Sato and Y. Saito: "Structure andPhysical Proprieties of Iodine-Doped Fullerenes", Mater. Sci. Eng. B 19, 100-104 (1993)75) M. Terazima, K. Sakurada, N. Hirota, H. Shinohara and Y. Saito: "Dynamics of C 70 in the Lowest
Excited Triplet State at Low Temperatures", J. Phys. Chem. 97 (21), 5447-5450 (1993)76) S. Bandow, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, M. Ohkohchi and Y. Ando: "High Yield Synthesis of
Lanthanofullerenes via Lanthanum Carbide", J. Phys. Chem. 97 (23), 6010-6013 (1993)
77) T. Sakurai, X. D. Wang, T. Hashizume, Y. Nishina, H. Shinohara and Y. Saito: "Fullerene (C 60 )Adsorption on Si Surfaces", Appl. Surface Sci. 67, 281-285 (1993)
78) Y. Harada, T. Ohyama, E. Otsuka, K. Tashiro, M. Kobayashi, H. Ito, T. Matsuo, Y. Saito and H.
Shinohara: "Studies on Phase Transition of C 60 through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopic
Measurements", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62 (5), 1427-1430 (1993)
79) X. D. Wang, T. Hashizume, Q. Xue, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, Y. Nishina and T. Sakurai: "Field IonScanning Tunneling Microscopy of Metallofullerenes Adsorbed on the Si (100) 2×1 Surface", Jpn. J.
Appl. Phys. 32 (6B), L866-L868 (1993)
80) X. D. Wang, T. Hashizume, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, Y. Nishina and T. Sakurai: "Adsorption of C 60
and C 84 on the Si (100)2×1 Surface Studied by Using the Scanning Tunneling Microscope", Phys.
Rev. B 47 (23), 15923-15930 (1993)
81) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Okuda, M. Ohkohchi, Y. Ando, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "Synthesis
and Electron Beam Incision of Carbon Nanocapsules Encaging YC 2 ", Chem. Phys. Lett. 209 (1/2),
72-76 (1993)
82) Y. Saito and M. Inagaki: "Optical Emission Studies on Chemical Species in an Arc Flame of
Fullerene/Metallo-fullerene Generator", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (7A), L954-L957 (1993)
83) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, S. Bandow, M. Tomita and T. Hayashi: "Interlayer Spacing in Carbon
Nanotubes", Phys. Rev. B 48 (3), 1907-1909 (1993)
84) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, N. Fujimoto and H. Shinohara: "C 84 Thin Films Grown Epitaxially on
Mica", Phys. Rev. B 48 (12), 9182-9185 (1993)85) M. Ohkohchi, Y. Ando, S. Bandow and Y. Saito: "Formation of Carbon Nanotubes by Evaporationof Carbon Rod Containing Scandium Oxide", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (9A), L1248-L1251 (1993)
86) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Okuda, N. Fujimoto, S. Yamamuro, K. Wakoh, K. Sumiyama, K.
Suzuki, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "Iron Particles Nesting in Carbon Cages Grown by Arc
Discharge", Chem. Phys. Lett. 212 (3/4), 379-383 (1993)87) Y. Saito and T. Yoshikawa: "Bamboo-Shaped Carbon Tube Filled Partially with Nickel", J. Cryst.
Growth 134 (1/2), 154-156 (1993)88) H. Nagashima, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Kato, Y. Saito, M. Haga and K. Itoh: "Facile Cleavage ofCarbon-Palladium Bonds in C 60 Pdn with Phosphines and Phosphites. An Alternative Route to (η2C 60 )PdL 2 and Discovery of Fluxionarity Suggesting the Rotation of C 60 on the PdL 2 Species in
Solution", Chem. Lett. 2153-2156 (1993)89) S. Fujimaki, I. Kudaka, T. Sato, K. Hiraoka, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito and K. Nojima: "Application ofElectrospray Ionization to the Observation of Higher Fullerene Anions", Rapid Commun. Mass
Spectrom. 7, 1077-1081 (1993)90) H. Shinohara, N. Hayashi, H. Sato, Y. Saito, X. D. Wang, T. Hashizume and T. Sakurai: "Direct
STM Imaging of Spherical Endohedral Sc 2 @C 84 Fullerenes", J. Phys. Chem. 97 (51), 13438-13440(1993)
91) T. Hashizume, K. Motai, X. D. Wang, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, Y. Maruyama, K. Ohno, Y. Kawazoe,
Y. Nishina, H. W. Pickering, Y. Kuk and T. Sakurai: "Intramolecular Structures of C 60 Molecules
Adsorbed on the Cu (111)-(1×1) Surface", Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (18), 2959-29562 (1993)
92) X. D. Wang, T. Hashizume, Q. Xue, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, Y. Nishina and T. Sakurai: "Geometryof Metallofullerenes adsorbed on the Si (100) 2×1 Surface Studied by Scanning TunnelingMicroscopy", Chem. Phys. Lett. 216 (3-6), 409-412 (1993)93) S. Bandow and Y. Saito: "Encapsulation of ZrC and V 4 C 3 in Graphite Nanoballs via Arc Burningof Metal Carbides/Graphite Composites", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 (11B), L1677-L1680 (1993)94) M. Kobayashi, Y. Akahama, H. Kawamura, H. Shinohara, H. Sato and Y. Saito: "Structure
Sequence and Possible Superconductivity in Potassium-Doped Fullerene C 70 K x ", Phys. Rev. B 48
(22), 16877-16880 (1993)95) H. Kawamura, Y. Akahama, M. Kobayashi, H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, T. Kikegawa, O.
Shimomura and K. Aoki: "Solid C 70 at High Pressure and High Temperature", J. Phys. Chem. Solids
54 (12), 1675-1678 (1993)
96) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Okuda, N. Fujimoto, K. Sumiyama, K. Suzuki, A. Kasuya and Y.
Nishina: "Carbon Nanocapsules Encaging Metals and Carbides", J. Phys. Chem. Solids 54 (12), 18491860 (1993)97) T. Hihara, H. Onodera, K. Sumiyama, K. Suzuki, A. Kasuya Y. Nishina, Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa
and M. Okuda: "Magnetic Properties of Iron in Nanocapsules", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 (1A), L24-L25(1994)
98) Y. Saito, T. Yoshikawa, M. Okuda, N. Fujimoto, S. Yamamuro, K. Wakoh, K. Sumiyama, K.
Suzuki, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "Cobalt Particles Wrapped in Graphitic Carbon Prepared by an
Arc Discharge Method", J. Appl. Phys. 75 (1), 134-137 (1994)
99) Y. Saito, M. Okuda, T. Yoshikawa, S. Bandow, S. Yamamuro, K. Wakoh, K. Sumiyama and K.
Suzuki: "Synthesis of Sc 15 C 19 Crystallites Encapsulated in Carbon Nanocapsules by Arc
Evaporation of Sc-C Composite", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 (2A), L186-L189 (1994)
100) Y. Saito, M. Okuda, N. Fujimoto, T. Yoshikawa, M. Tomita and T. Hayashi: "Single-Wall Carbon
Nanotubes Growing Radially from Ni Fine Particles Formed by Arc Evaporation", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
33 (4A), L526-L529 (1994)
101) K. Hata, Y. Saito, A. Ohshita, M. Takeda, C. Morita and T. Noda: "In Situ HV-TEM Observationof the Liquid Cone Formation Process in a Liquid Metal Field Emission Gun", Appl. Surface Sic.
76/77, 36-40 (1994)

102) X. D. Wang, Q. Xue, T. Hashizume, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, Y. Nishina and T. Sakurai: "Thermal
Stability of fullerene (C 70 ) on the Si (100) 2×1 Surface Studied with FI-STM", Appl. Surface Sic.
76/77, 334-339 (1994)
103) Y. Saito, M. Okuda, T. Yoshikawa, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "Correlation between Volatility of
Rare-Earth Metals and Encapsulation of their Carbides in Carbon Nanocapsules", J. Phys. Chem. 98,
6696-6698 (1994)
104) Y. Saito, N. Fujimoto, K. Kikuchi and Y. Achiba: "C 76 Thin Films Grown on Mica and NaCl
Substrates", Phys. Rev. B 49, 14794-14797 (1994)
105) H. Kawamura, Y. Akahama, M. Kobayashi, H. Shinohara and Y. Saito: "Crystal Structure of C 70
under High Pressure: Effect of Alloying", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63 (6), 2445-2446 (1994)
106) R. Kuzuo, M. Terauchi, M. Tanaka and Y. Saito: "Electron Energy-Loss Spectra of Single-Shell
Carbon Nanotubes", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 (9B), L1316-L1319 (1994)
107) K. Hata, M. Kumamura, T. Yasuda, Y. Saito and A. Ohshita: "<001>-Oriented Tungsten Field
Emitter Coated with Liquid Lithium Thin Film", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 (10A), L1431-L1434 (1994)
108) H. Nagashima, Y. Kato, H. Yamaguchi, E. Kimura, T. Kawanishi, M. Kato, Y. Saito, M. Haga and
K. Itoh: "Synthesis and Reactions of Organoplatinum Compounds of C 60 , C 60 Pt n ", Chem. Lett.
1207-1210 (1994)
109) R. Kuzuo, M. Terauchi, M. Tanaka, Y. Saito and H. Shinohara: "High Resolution Electron
Energy-Loss Spectra of Solid C 60 , C 70 and Carbon Nanotubes", Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Jpn. 14 B,
1119-1122 (1994)
110) H. Shinohara, M. Inakuma, N. Hayashi, H. Sato, Y. Saito, T. Kato and S. Bandow: "Spectroscopic
Properties of Isolated Sc 3 @C 82 Metallofullerene", J. Phys. Chem. 98 (35) 8597-8599 (1994)
111) R. Kuzuo, M. Terauchi, M. Tanaka, Y. Saito and H. Shinohara: "Electron Energy-Loss Spectra of
Crystalline C 84 ", Phys. Rev. B 49 (7), 5054-5057 (1994)
112) A. Kasuya, W. Tanaka, R. Nishitani, Y. Saito, H. Shinohara, Y. Nishina: “Raman-Scattering Studyon a Pure C-60 Film in Vacuum”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2-Lett. 34 (200-202), Suppl. 34-1 (1994)
113) K. Hata, M. Kumamura, T. Yasuda, Y. Saito and A. Ohshita: "A FEM Study of Liquid Lithium on
a <011>-Oriented Tungsten Tip", Appl. Surface Sci. 87/88, 117-121 (1995)
114) Y. Saito, M. Okuda, M. Tomita and T. Hayashi: "Extrusion of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes via
Formation of Small Particles Condensed near an Arc Evaporation Source", Chem. Phys. Lett. 236,
419-426 (1995)
115) R. Kuzuo, M. Terauchi, M. Tanaka, Y. Saito and Y. Achiba: "Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy
Study of C 76 ", Phys. Rev. B 51 (16), 11018-11021 (1995)
116) K. Hata, T. Yasuda, Y. Saito and A. Ohshita: "The Development of a New Field Emission Source
Applying Electrohydrodynamics of Liquid Metal", Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 363, 239-242(1995)
117) M. Takata, B. Umeda, E. Nishibori, M. Sakata, Y. Saito, M. Ohno and H. Shinohara:"Confirmation by X-ray Diffraction of the Endohedral Nature of the Metallofullerene Y@C 82 ", Nature
377, 46-49 (1995)
118) Y. Saito and M. Masuda: "Crystallographic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Co Fine Particles
Encaged in Carbon Nanocapsules", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34 (10), 5594-5598 (1995)
119) Y. Saito, K. Kawabata and M. Okuda: "Single-Layered Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by

Catalytic Assistance of Rare-Earths in a Carbon Arc", J. Phys. Chem. 99 (43), 16076-16079 (1995)
120) T. Okazaki, Y. Saito, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "Optical Emission Spectra of Ag 3 Molecules in
the Gas Evaporation Technique", J. Chem. Phys. 104 (3), 812-814 (1996)
121) Y. Saito and K. Nishikubo: "Radial Single-Wall Carbon Tubes Growing on Surfaces of Pd
Particles", J. Phys. Chem. Solids 57 (2), 243-246 (1996)122) Y. Saito, S. Yokoyama, M. Inakuma and H. Shinohara: "An ESR Study on the Formation of
La@C 82 Isomers in Arc Synthesis", Chem. Phys. Lett. 250, 80-84 (1996)
123) H. Shinohara, M. Tansho, M. Inakuma, Y. Saito, N. Hayashi, T. Kato, T. Hashizume and T.
Sakurai: "Structure and Dynamics of Endohedral Scandium Metallofullerenes", Surface Rev. Lett. 3(1), 799-802 (1996)124) A. Kasuya, H. Iwasaki, Y. Saito, M. Okuda, H. Takahashi, M. Suezawa, K.Sumiyama, K. Suzuki
and Y. Nishina: "Magnetic Measurements on YC 2 Encapsulated in Graphitic Polyhedral Particles",Surface Rev. Lett. 3 (1), 853-855 (1996)125) Y. Saito, M. Okuda and T. Koyama: "Carbon Nanocapsules and Single-Wall Nanotubes Formed
by Arc Evaporation", Surface Rev. Lett. 3 (1), 863-867 (1996)126) H. Nagashima, Y. Kato, H. Satoh, M. Kamegashira, K. Itoh, K. Oi and Y. Saito: "Thermal Studyof a Silylmethylated Fullerene Leading to Preparation of Its Vacuum Deposited Thin Films", Chem.
Lett. 519-520 (1996)
127) Y. Saito, K. Nishikubo, K. Kawabata and T. Matsumoto: "Carbon Nanocapsules and SingleLayered Nanotubes Produced with Platinum-Group Metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) by Arc Discharge",
J. Appl. Phys. 80 (5), 3062-3067 (1996)
128) K. Tohji, T. Goto, H. Takahashi, Y. Shinoda, N. Shimizu, B. Jeyadevan, I. Matsuoka, Y. Saito, A.
Kasuya, T. Ohsuna, K.Hiraga, and Y. Nishina: "Purifying Single-Walled Nanotubes", Nature 383,
679 (1996)
129) K. Hata, F. Nakayama, Y. Saito and A. Ohshita: "Control of Formation Sites for Liquid-Li Coneson a W<100> tip by Means of the Remolding Method", Appl. Surface Sci. 94/95, 156-160 (1996)
130) K. Hata, F. Nakayama, Y. Saito and A. Ohshita: "Stabilization Mechanism of Liquid-Lithium
Cones during Field Electron Emission", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L1706-L1709 (1996)131) K. Hata, F. Nakayama, Y. Saito and A. Ohshita: “Electron Emission Properties of Liquid-Gallium
on a Tungsten Field Emitter Tip”, J. de Physique IV, Colloque C5, 79-84 (1996).
132) A. Kasuya, Y. Saito, Y. Sasaki, M. Fukushima, T. Maeda, C. Horie and Y. Nishina: "SizeDependent Characteristics of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 217/218, 46-47(1996)
133) H. Takahashi, M. Sugano, A. Kasuya, Y. Saito, T. Koyama and Y. Nishina: "Size Distribution andControl of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 217/218, 48-49 (1996)134) A. Kasuya, H. Takahashi, Y. Saito, T.Mitsugashira, T. Shibayama, Y. Shiokawa, I. Satoh, M.
Fukushima and Y. Nishina: "Neutron Irradiation on Carbon Nanocapsules", Mater. Sci. Eng. A
217/218, 50-53 (1996)
135) C. -W. Hu, A. Kasuya, A. Wawro, N. Noriguchi, R. Czajka, Y. Nishina, Y. Saito and H. Fujita:"Gold Clusters Deposited on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite by Pulse Laser Ablation and Liquid
Metal Ion Source", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 217/218, 103-107 (1996)
136) K. Tohji, H. Takahashi, Y. Shinoda, N. Shimizu, B. Jeyadevan, I. Matsuoka, Y. Saito, A. Kasuya,

S. Ito and Y. Nishina: "Purification Procedure for Single-Walled Nanotubes", J. Phys. Chem. B 101(11), 1974-1978 (1997)137) Y. Saito, T. Matsumoto and K. Nishikubo: "Encapsulation of Carbides of Chromium,
Molybdenum and Tungsten in Carbon Nanocapsules by Arc Discharge", J. Cryst. Growth 172, 163170 (1997)
138) A. Kasuya, Y. Sasaki, Y. Saito, K. Tohji and Y. Nishina: "Evidence for Size-Dependent Discrete
Dispersions in Single-Wall Nanotubes", Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (23), 4434-4437 (1997)
139) Y. Saito, J. Ma, J. Nakashima and M. Masuda: "Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Magnetic
Properties of Co Particles Encapsulated in Carbon Nanocapsules", Z. Phys. D 40 (1-4), 170-172(1997)
140) Y. Saito, T. Koyama and K. Kawabata: "Growth of Single-Layered Carbon Tubes Assisted with
Iron-Group Metal Catalysts in Carbon Arc", Z. Phys. D 40 (1-4), 421-424 (1997)
141) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, T. Nishino, K. Hata, K. Tohji, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "Field
Emission Patterns from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36 (10A), L1340L1342 (1997)
142) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, K. Hata, K. Uchida, Y. Tasaka, F. Ikazaki, M. Yumura, A. Kasuya and Y.
Nishina: "Conical Beams from Open Nanotubes", Nature 389, 554-555 (1997)
143) Y. Saito, T. Matsumoto and K. Nishikubo: "Encapsulation of TiC and HfC Crystallites within
Graphite Cages by Arc Discharge", Carbon 35, 1757-1763 (1997)
144) T. Okazaki, Y. Saito, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "A New Emission Spectrum of Au2 in the Gas
Evaporation Technique: 761-809 nm", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 (1), 349-350 (1998)
145) Y. Saito, S. Uemura and K. Hamaguchi: "Cathode Ray Tube Lighting-Elements with Carbon
Nanotube Field Emitters", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 (3B), L346-L348 (1998)
146) Y. Saito and T. Matsumoto: "Carbon Nano-cages Created as Cubes", Nature 392, 237 (1998)147) A. Kasuya, M. Sugano, T. Maeda, Y. Saito, K. Tohji, H. Takahashi, Y. Sasaki, M. Fukushima, C.
Horie and Y. Nishina: "Resonant Raman Scattering and the Zone-Folded Electronic Structures inSingle-Wall Nanotubes", Phys. Rev. B 57 (9), 4999-5001 (1998)
148) S. Bandow, S. Asaka, Y. Saito, A. M. Rao, L. Grigorian, E. Richiter and P. C. Eklund: "Effect ofGrowth Temperature on the Diameter Distribution and Chirality of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes",
Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (17), 3779-3782 (1998)
149) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, K. Hata, K. Tohji, A. Kasuya, Y. Nishina, K. Uchida, Y. Tasaka, F.
Ikazaki and M. Yumura: "Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes; Purified Single-Walled and MultiWalled Tubes", Ultramicroscopy 73 (1-4), 1-6 (1998)
150) K. Hata, F. Nakayama, Y. Saito, and A. Ohshita: "Electron emission characteristics of a liquidgallium single cone on a W <111> field emitter tip", Ultramicroscopy 73, 73-77 (1998)
151) K. Hata, H. Akahori, Y. Saito, and A. Ohshita: "Field electron emission from frozen lithium cones
on a tungsten tip", Ultramicroscopy 73, 79-82 (1998)
152) Y. Saito and T. Matsumoto: "Hollow and Filled Rectangular Parallelepiped Carbon Nanocapsules
Catalyzed by Calcium and Strontium", J. Cryst. Growth 187, 402-409 (1998)
153) Y. Saito, K. Murata, K. Hamaguchi, H. Fujita, S. Kotake, Y. Suzuki, M. Senoo, C. -W. Hu, A.
Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "Submonolayer-Deposition of Mass-Selected Au+ and Au n + (n=3 and 7) on
HOPG and Amorphous Carbon", J. Cluster Science 9 (2), 123-130 (1998)

154) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, S. Uemura, K. Uchida, Y. Tasaka, F. Ikazaki, M. Yumura, A. Kasuya andY. Nishina: "Field Emission from Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application to Electron
Tubes", Appl. Phys. A 67 (1), 95-100 (1998)
155) M. Sugano, A. Kasuya, K. Tohji, Y. Saito and Y. Nishina: "Resonance Raman Scattering andDiameter-Dependent Electronic States in Single-Wall Nanotubes", Chem. Phys. Lett. 292 (4-6), 575579 (1998)
156) M. Terauchi, M. Tanaka, T. Matsumoto and Y. Saito: "Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Studyof the Electronic Structure of Boron Nitride Nanotubes", J. Electron Micros. 47 (4), 319-324 (1998)
157) Y. Saito, Y. Tani, N. Miyagawa, K. Mitsushima, A. Kasuya and Y. Nishina: "High Yield ofSingle-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Arc Discharge Using Rh-Pt Mixed Catalysts", Chem. Phys. Lett.
294, 593 -598 (1998)
158) Y. Saito, M. Maida and T. Matsumoto: "Structures of Boron Nitride Nanotubes with Single-Layer
and Multilayers Produced by Arc Discharge", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38 (1A), 159-163 (1999)
159) Tsugio Okazaki, Yahachi Saito and Atsuo Kasuya: "Optical Absorption Spectra of Au 2 Using theGas Evaporation Technique: 211-229 nm", Molecular Phys. 96 (1), 143-145 (1999)
160) Y. Saito and M. Maida: "Square, Pentagon, and Heptagon Rings at BN Nanotube Tips", J. Phys.
Chem. A 103 (10), 1291-1293 (1999)
161) K. Tohji, M. Sugano, A. Kasuya, Y. Nishina, Y. Saito and H. Takahashi: "Resonant Raman
Scattering from Single-Walled Nanotubes of Small Diameters", Appl. Surface Sci. 144/145, 657-662(1999)
162) Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, R. Mizushima, S. Uemura, T. Nagasako, J. Yotani and T. Shimojo: "Field
Emission from Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application to Cathode Ray Tube Lighting Elements", Appl.
Surface Sci. 146, 305-311 (1999)
163) K. Hata, H. Akahori, T. Takemoto, Y. Saito and A. Ohshita: "Control of Emission Current from a
Li/W(111) Field Emission by Sequential Deposition of Li", Appl. Surface Sci. 146, 387-390 (1999)
164) Y. Saito, R. Mizushima, T. Tanaka, K. Tohji, K. Uchida, M. Yumura and S. Uemura: "Synthesis,
Structure and Field Emission of Carbon Nanotubes", Fullerene Sci. Tech. 7 (4) 653-664 (1999)
165) Koichi Hata, Mohd Ariff and Yahachi Saito: "Selective Formation of C 20 Cluster Ions by Field
Evaporation from Carbon Nanotubes", Chem. Phys. Lett. 308 (3/4) 343-346 (1999)
166) M. Ichida, S. Mizuno, Y. Tani, Y. Saito and A. Nakamura: "Exiton Effects of Optical Transitionsin Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68 (10) 3131-3133 (1999)
167) Y. Saito and S. Uemura: "Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes and its Application to Electron
Sources", Carbon 38, 169-182 (2000)
168) Y. Saito, Y. Tani and A. Kasuya: "Diameters of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Depending on
Helium Gas Pressure in Arc Discharge", J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (11) 2495-2499 (2000)
169) Y. Saito, K. Hata and T. Murata: "Field Emission Patterns Originating from Pentagons at the Tipof a Carbon Nanotube", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 (4A) L271-L272 (2000)
170) Y. Saito, R. Mizushima, S. Kondo and M. Maida: "Field Emission of Electrons from Graphitic
Nanofibers Produced in a Hydrogen Arc Discharge", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 (7A) 4168-4173 (2000)
171) M. Masuda, Kohji Maeda, T. Kobayashi, S. Shiomi, Y. Fujiwara and Y. Saito: "Synthesis, Crystal
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Iron Particles Encaged in Carbon Nanocapsules", Jpn. J. Appl.

Phys. 39 (7B) L733-L734 (2000)
172) Y. Saito: "Field Emission and Field Evaporation of Carbon Nanotubes", Trans. Mater. Res. Soc.
Jpn. 25 (3) 811-816 (2000)
173) S. Hino, N. Miyazaki, K. Iwasaki, S. Kondo and Y. Saito: "Energy Distribution of Field Emitted
Electrons from Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes", Synthetic Metals 121, 1213-1214 (2001)
174) Koichi Hata, Yoshiyuki Kiya, Masashi Ohata and Y. Saito: "Field-Evaporation of Magic Cluster
Ions, C 20 +, from Carbon Nanotubes", Scripta Materialia 44, 1571-1574 (2001)
175) Koichi Hata, Akihiro Takakura and Yahachi Saito: "Field Emission Microscopy of Adsorption andDesorption of Residual Gas Molecules on a Carbon Nanotube Tip", Surface Sci. 490, 296-300 (2001)
176) K. Hata, A. Takakura and Y. Saito: “Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes with Clean Surfaces
and Adsorbed Molecules”, AIP Conference Proceedings 590 (Nanonetwork Materials, ed. S. Saito etal.) pp. 113-116 (2001)
177) Chuhei Oshima, Kohei Matsuda, Takayuki Kona, Yuhta Mogami, Masashi Komaki, Yoshitaka
Murata, Testutane Yamashita, Yahachi Saito, Koichi Hata and Akihiro Takakura: “Electron
Emission Sites on Carbon Nanotubes and the Energy Spectra”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 (11B) L1257L1259 (2001)
178) Y. Saito, R. Mizushima and K. Hata: “Field Ion Microscopy of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes:
Observation of Pentagons and Cap Breakage under High Electric Field”, Surface Sci. Lett. 499 (1)L119-L123 (2002)179) M. Ichida, S. Mizuno, Y. Saito, H. Kataura, Y. Achiba and A. Nakamura: “Coulomb Effects on
the Fundamental Optical Transition in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Divergent
Behavior in the Small-Diameter Limit”, Phys. Rev. B 65 (24) 241407-1-4 (2002)180) M. Kociak, K. Suenaga, K. Hirahara, Y. Saito, T. Nakahira and S. Iijima: “Linking Chiral Indices
and Transport Properties of Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (15) 155501-1-4(2002)
181) Y. Saito, K. Hata, A. Takakura, J. Yotani and S. Uemura: “Field Emission of Carbon Nanotubes
and Its Application as Electron Sources of Ultra-High Luminance Light-Source Devices”, Physica B:
Condensed Matter 323 (1-4) 30-37 (2002)
182) Y. Saito, T. Nishiyama, T. Kato, S. Kondo, T. Tanaka, J. Yotani and S. Uemura: “Field Emission
Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and their Application to Display Devices”, Molecular Cryst. &Liquid Cryst. 387, 79-86 (2002)183) Y. Saito, T. Nakahira and S. Uemura: “Growth Conditions of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
in Arc Discharge”, J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (4), 931-934 (2003)
184) K. Hata, A. Takakura and Y. Saito: “Field Emission from Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes inControlled Ambient Gases, H 2 , CO, N 2 and O 2 ”, Ultramicroscopy 95, 107-112 (2003)
185) A. Takakura, K. Hata, Y. Saito, K. Matsuda, T. Kona and C. Oshima: “Energy distributions offield emitted electrons from a multi-wall carbon nanotube”, Ultramicroscopy 95, 139-143 (2003)
186) S. Uemura, J. Yotani, T. Nagasako, H. Kurachi, H. Yamada, T. Ezaki, T. Maesoba, T. Nakao, Y.
Saito and M. Yumura: “Large Area FEDs with Carbon Nanotube Emitter”, J. Soc. Infor. Display 11(1), 145-153 (2003)
187) C. Oshima, K. Matsuda, T. Kona, Y. Mogami, T. Yamashita, Y. Saito, K. Hata and A. Takakura:“Energy Spectra of Field Emission Electrons from Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes”, J. Vac. Sci.
Technol. B 21 (4) 1700-1704 (2003)

188) H. Sato, H. Takegawa and Y. Saito: “Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Plasma
Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 21 (6) 2564-2568 (2003)
189) K. Hata, A. Takakura, A. Ohshita and Y. Saito, “Brightness of Electron Beam Emitted from aSingle Pentagon on a Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Tip”, Surface & Interface Anal. 36, 506-509 (2004)
190) K. Hata, A. Takakura, K. Miura, A. Ohshita and Y. Saito, “Interference Fringes Observed inElectron Emission Patterns of a Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube”, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 22 (3), 13121314 (2004)
191) H. Sato, H. Takegawa, H. Yamaji, H. Miyake, K. Hiramatsu and Y. Saito, “Fabrication of Carbon
Nanotube Array and Its Field Emission Properties”, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 22 (3), 1335-1337 (2004)
192) Junko Yotani, Sashiro Uemura, Takeshi Nagasako, Hiroyuki Kurachi, Hiromu Yamada, Tomotaka
Ezaki, Tsuyoshi Maesoba, Takehiro Nakao, Masaaki Ito, Toshiyuki Ishida and Y. Saito, “Emission
enhancement by excimer laser irradiation over a web-like CNT layer”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43 (11B),
L1459-L1462 (2004)
193) K. Seko, J. Kinoshita and Y. Saito: “In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Field Emitting
Bundles of Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 (23), L743-L745 (2005)
194) H. Kurachi, S. Uemura, J. Yotani, T. Nagasako, H. Yamada, T. Ezaki, T. Maesoba, T. Nakao, M.
Ito, A. Sakurai, Y. Saito and M. Yumura: “Uniform Carbon-Nanotube Emitter for Field-Emission
Display”, J. Soc. Infor. Display 13 (9), 727-733 (2005)
195) Y. Saito, K. Seko, and J. Kinoshita: “Dynamic Behavior of Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters
Observed by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy”, Diamond & Related Materials 14, 18431847 (2005)
196) Hideki Sato, Koichi Hata, Hideto Miyake, Kazumasa Hiramatsu and Yahachi Saito, “Selective
Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Silicon Protrusion”, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 23 (2), 754-758 (2005)
197) Kunihiro Kawakita, Koichi Hata, Hideki Sato and Yahachi Saito, “Development of Microfocused
X-ray Source by Using Carbon Nanotube Field Emitter”, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 24 (2), 950-952 (2006)
198) Hideki Sato, Mai Matsubayashi, Takamichi Sakai, Koichi Hata, Hideto Miyake, Kazumasa
Hiramatsu, Akinori Oshita and Yahachi Saito, “Growth Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube on
Nanotip-formed Substrate”, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 24 (2), 1004-1007 (2006)
199) A. Nakamura, T. Tomikawa, M. Watanabe, Y. Hamanaka, Y. Saito and H. Ago: “Non-linear
Response and Relaxation Dynamics in Double-walled Carbon Nanotubes”, J. Luminescence 119/120,
8-12 (2006)
200) Hiroyuki Kurachi, S. Uemura, Junko Yotani, Takeshi Nagasako, Hiromu Yamada, Tomotaka
Ezaki, Tsuyoshi Maesoba, Takehiro Nakao, Masaaki Ito, Akira Sakurai, Hideo Shimoda, Y. Saito and
H. Shinohara: “Formation of Secondary Thin Carbon Nanotubes on Thick Ones and Improvement in
Field-Emission Uniformity”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 (6A), 5307-5310 (2006)
201) Kaori Hirahara, Mathieu Kociak, Shunji Bandow, Takanori Nakahira, Kouji Itoh, Yahachi Saito
and Sumio Iijima: “Chirality correlation in double-wall carbon nanotubes as studied by electron
diffraction”, Phys. Rev. B 73, 195420-1-11 (2006)202) Yanli Zhao, Kazuyuki Seko and Y. Saito: “Effects of Process Parameters and Substrate Structures
on Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Decomposition of Ethanol”, Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys. 45 (8A), 6508-6512 (2006)203) Risa Suryana, A. Ichimiya, K. Akimoto, H. Nakahara and Y. Saito: “Carbonization of Si(111)-7x7
Surface Using CH 4 with Hot Tungsten Filament ”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 (8A), 6250-6252 (2006)

204) Yanli Zhao, Haruhisa Nakano, Hirohiko Murakami, Toshiki Sugai, H. Shinohara and Y. Saito:“Controllable Growth and Characterization of Isolated Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Catalyzed by
Co Particles”, Appl. Phys. A 85, 103-107 (2006)
205) Y. Sato, M. Terauchi, Y. Saito, and R. Saito: “High energy-resolution electron energy-loss
spectroscopy study of the electric structure of double-walled carbon nanotubes”, J. Electron
Microscopy. 55(3):137-142 (2006)
206) Hideki Sato, Yasunori Hori, Koichi Hata, Kazuyuki Seko, Hitoshi Nakahara and Y. Saito: “Effectof catalyst oxidation on the growth of carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition”, J.
Appl. Phys. 100 (10) 104321-1-6 (2006)
207) Z. H. Li, M. Wang and Y. Saito: “Effect of Rh and Pt on Growth and Structure of Single-Walled
Carbon Nanotubes”, Inorganic Materials, 42 (6) 605–608 (2006)
208) H. Kurachi, S. Uemura, J. Yotani, T. Nagasako, H. Yamada, T. Ezaki, T. Maesoba, T. Nakao, M.
Ito, A. Sakurai, H. Shimoda, Y. Saito and H. Shinohara: “High Resolution CNT-FED and
Improvement in Field-Emission Characteristics”, IEEJ Trans. SM 127 (3) 170-176 (2007)
209) Yanli Zhao, Toshiki Sugai, Hisanori Shinohara and Y. Saito: “Controlling growth and Raman
spectra of individual suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes”, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 68 (2), 284289 (2007)210) S. Waki, K. Hata, H. Sato and Y. Saito: “Behaviours of Single Nitrogen Molecule on Pentagon at
Carbon Nanotube Tip by Field Emission Microscopy”, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B 25 (2), 517-520 (2007)211) H. Sato, K. Hata, K. Hiasa and Y. Saito: “Low Temperature Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by
Alcohol Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition for Field Emitter Applications”, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B
25 (2), 579-582 (2007)212) R. Yabushita, K. Hata, H. Sato and Y. Saito: “Development of Compact Field Emission ScanningElectron Microscope Equipped with Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Bundle Cathode”, J. Vac. Sci.
Tech. B 25 (2), 640-642 (2007)
213) Y. Saito, Y. Tsujimoto, A. Koshio and F. Kokai: “Field Emission Patterns from Multiwall
Carbon Nanotubes with a Cone-Shaped Tip”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 213108-1-3 (2007)
214) R. Suryana, A. Ichimiya, H. Nakahara and Y. Saito: “Surface Morphology of Si(111) Surface
Induced by Co-deposition of Si and CH 4 ”, J. Cryst. Growth. 301-302, 349-352 (2007)215) Masahiro Nakajima, Shigeo Arai, Y. Saito, Fumihito Arai and Toshio Fukuda: “Nanoactuation of
Telescoping Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes inside Transmission Electron Microscope”, Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys. 46 (42) L1035-L1038 (2007)
216) Yanli Zhao, Dexiu Huang and Y. Saito: “A temperature window for ethanol chemical vapor
deposition of a carbon nanotube array catalyzed by Co particles”, Nanotechnology, 18, 445608(5pp)(2007)
217) Koji Asaka, H. Nakahara and Y. Saito: “Nanowelding of a multiwalled carbon nanotube to metal
surface and its electron field emission properties”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 023114-1-3 (2008) DOI:
10.1063/1.2835906
218) Masashi Mino, Hitoshi Nakahara and Yahachi Saito: "Al-Induced One Dimensional Nano-Facet
Formation on Si (113) Surface", e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech. 6, 45-48 (2008)219) J. Yotani, S. Uemura, Takeshi Nagasako, Hiroyuki Kurachi, Tomotaka Ezaki, Tsuyoshi Maesoba,
Takehiro Nakao, Masaaki Ito, Akira Sakurai, Hideo Shimoda, Hiromu Yamada, Y. Saito: “Practical
CNT-FED structure for high-luminance character displays”, J. Soc. Information Display 16 (2), 273-

279, (2008)
220) Osamu Nishikawa, Masahiro Taniguchi and Yahachi Saito: "Study of characteristic fragmentationof nanocarbon by the scanning atom probe", J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 26 (4), 1074-1078 (2008)
221) Yohei Sato, Masami Terauchi, Y. Saito, Kentaro Sato and Riichiro Saito: “Relation between peakstructures of loss functions of single double-walled carbon nanotubes and interband transitionenergies”, J. of Electron Microscopy 57 (4), 129-132 (2008)
222) Huarong Liu, Shigeki Kato and Yahachi Saito: “Effect of Cathode-Anode Distance on Field
Emission Properties for Carbon Nanotube Film Emitters”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 015007-1-5 (2009)223) Junko Yotani, Sashiro Uemura, Takeshi Nagasako, Hiroyuki Kurachi, Takehiro Nakao, Masaaki
Ito, Akira Sakurai, Hideo Shimoda, Tomotaka Ezaki, Kazuhiko Fukuda and Y. Saito: “Highluminance 1.8-mm-pixel-pitch CNT-FED for ubiquitous color character displays”, J. Soc.
Information Display 17 (4), 361-367 (2009) DOI: 10.1889/JSID17.4.361
224) Huarong Liu, Shigeki Kato and Y. Saito: “Empirical expression for emission site density of
nanotube film emitters”, Nanotechnology 20, 275206 (6p) (2009)
225) Hitoshi Nakahara, Yoshikazu Kusano, Takumi Kono and Yahachi Saito: “Evaluations of Carbon
Nanotube Field Emitters for Electron Microscopy”, Appl. Surface Sci. 256, 1214-1217 (2009)226) Y. Saito: “Atomic Detail Observation of Adsorbed Molecules and Metal Clusters on Carbon
Nanotube Electron Emitter”, Coord. Chem. Rev. 253 (2009) 2912–2919,
doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.07.027
227) H. Liu, S. Kato and Y. Saito: “Emission site density depending on size and surface morphology of
nanotube film emitters”, J. of Vacuum Sci. Tech. B 27 (6), 2435-2438 (2009) DOI:
10.1116/1.3264685
228) Huarong Liu, Hitoshi Nakahara, Sashiro Uemura and Y. Saito: “Ionization Vacuum Gauge with a
Carbon Nanotube Field Electron Emitter Combined with a Shield Electrode”, Vacuum 84 (2010) 713717, doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2009.06.016
229) Yasunobu Suzuki, Koji Asaka, Hitoshi Nakahara and Y. Saito: “Electric and mass transport of asuspended multi-walled carbon nanotube studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy”, Jpn. J.
Appl. Phys.49, 02BD07 (3p) (2010)230) Fumitaka Kimura, Koji Asaka, Hitoshi Nakahara, Fumio Kokai, and Yahachi Saito: “Electric andMass Transport of a Carbon Nanotube Encapsulating a Copper Nano-rod Studied by in-situ
Transmission Electron Microscopy”, J. Nanosci. & Nanotechnol. 10, 3907-3909 (2010)231) H. Liu and Y. Saito: “Influence of surface roughness on field emission of electrons from carbon
nanotube films”, J. Nanosci. & Nanotechnol. 10, 3983-3987 (2010)232) Y. Saito, T. Matsukawa, K. Asaka and H. Nakahara: “Field Emission Microscopy of Al-Deposited
Carbon Nanotubes: Emission Stability Improvement and Image of an Al Atom-Cluster”, J. Vacuum
Sci. Tech. B 28 (2), C2A5-C2A8 (2010) DOI: 10.1116/1.3271173
233) H. Nakahara, T. Yamashita and Y. Saito: “Field Emission Studies on Methane- and EthaneAdsorbed Carbon Nanotubes”, e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech. 8, 77-80 (2010) DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2010.77
234) Koji Asaka, Motoyuki Karita and Yahachi Saito: “Modification of interface structure and contact
resistance between a carbon nanotube and gold electrode by local melting”, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257,
2850–2853 (2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.10.079
235) Takeshi Koyama, Koji Asaka, Naoki Hikosaka, Hideo Kishida, Y. Saito and Arao Nakamura:“Femtosecond luminescence decay due to exciton energy transfer in single-walled carbon nanotube

bundles”, J. Luminescence, 131, 494-497 (2011)236) Takeshi Koyama, Koji Asaka, Naoki Hikosaka, Hideo Kishida, Y. Saito, and Arao Nakamura:“Ultrafast Exciton Energy Transfer in Bundles of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes”, J. Phys. Chem.
Lett. 2, 127–132 (2011)237) Zhan Yang, Masahiro Nakajima, Y. Saito, Yasuhito Ode, and Toshio Fukuda: “Isolated HighPurity Platinum Nanowire Growth via Field Emission from a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube”, Appl.
Phys. Express 4, 035001 (3p) (2011)238) Koji Asaka, Motoyuki Karita and Y. Saito: “Joining of multiwall carbon nanotubes for the endcontact configuration by applying electric current”, Materials Letters 65, 1832–1834 (2011)239) Koji Asaka, Motoyuki Karita, and Yahachi Saito: “Graphitization of amorphous carbon on amultiwall carbon nanotube surface by catalyst-free heating”, App. Phys. Lett. 99, 091907 (3p) (2011)240) Yasushi Sugiura, Huarong Liu, Tatsuo Iwata, Shigekazu Nagai, Kazuo Kajiwara, Koji Asaka, Y.
Saito and Koichi Hata: “Fabrication of gas field ion emitter by field induced oxygen etching method”,
e-J. Surface Sci. & Nanotech. 9, 344-347 (2011)241) H. Nakahara, S. Ichikawa, T. Ochiai, Y. Kusano and Y. Saito: “Carbon Nanotube Electron Source
for Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy", e-J. Surf. Sci. & Nanotech. 9, 400-403 (2011)
DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2011.400
242) Koji Asaka, Tadachika Nakayama, Kun’ichi Miyazawa and Y. Saito: “Structures and fieldemission properties of heat-treated C 60 fullerene nanowhiskers”, Carbon 50, 1209–1215 (2012)243) Takeshi Koyama, Yasumitsu Miyata, Koji Asaka, H. Shinohara, Y. Saito and A. Nakamura:“Ultrafast energy transfer of one-dimensional excitons between carbon nanotubes: a femtosecond
time-resolved luminescence study”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 14, 1070–1084 (2012)244) Motoyuki Karita, Koji Asaka, Hitoshi Nakahara and Y. Saito: “In-situ TEM study on the
improvement of contact resistance between a carbon nanotube and metal electrodes by local melting”,
Surf. Interface Anal. 44, 674–677 (2012), DOI: 10.1002/sia.3864
245) Hideki Sato, Kazuo Haruki, Masaaki Watanabe, Koichi Hata and Y. Saito: “Effect of geometry ofa vertically aligned carbon nanotube pillar array on its field-emission properties”, Surf. Interface
Anal. 44, 776–779 (2012), DOI 10.1002/sia.3862
246) Koji Asaka, Tadachika Nakayama, Kun’ichi Miyazawa and Y. Saito: “Study on structure of heattreated fullerene nanowhiskers and their field electron emission characteristics”, Surf. Interface Anal.
44, 780–783 (2012), DOI 10.1002/sia.3868
247) Hailong Hu, Akkawat Ruammaitree, Hitoshi Nakahara, Koji Asaka and Yahachi Saito: “Few-layer
epitaxial graphene with large domains on C-terminated 6H-SiC”, Surface and Interface Analysis 44,
793–796 (2012), DOI 10.1002/sia.4814
248) Kazuya Nakakubo, Koji Asaka, Hitoshi Nakahara and Yahachi Saito: “Evolution of Field Electron
Emission Pattern from Multilayered Graphene Induced by Structural Change of Edge”, Appl. Phys.
Exp. 5, 055101-1-3 (2012), DOI: 10.1143/APEX.5.055101
249) Motoyuki Karita, Koji Asaka, Hitoshi Nakahara and Yahachi Saito: “In situ TEM study onchanges in structure and electrical conductance of carbon nanotube-gold contact induced by local
joule heating”, J. Mater. Sci. 48, 936–940 (2013), DOI 10.1007/s10853-012-6818-z
250) A. Ruammaitree, H. Nakahara, K. Akimoto, K. Soda, and Y. Saito: “Determination of nonuniform graphene thickness on SiC (0001) by X-ray diffraction”, Appl. Surface Sci. 282, 297– 301(2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.05.122

251) Yenan Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Yoon-Ho Song, Yahachi Saito and Cheol Jin Lee: “High
performance field emission properties of graphite nanoplatelet field emitters”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103,
073112 (5p) (2013), doi 10.1063/1.4818892
252) Yuning Sun, Yenan Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Ki Nam Yun, Seok-Gy Jeon, Jung-Il Kim, Y. Saito,
and Cheol Jin Lee: “Fabrication of carbon nanotube emitters on the graphite rod and their high fieldemission performance”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 043104-1-5 (2014)253) A. Ruammaitree, H. Nakahara, K. Soda, and Y. Saito: “Growth of Embedded and Protrusive
Striped Graphene on 6H-SiC (0001)”, Inter. J. of Engin. Innov. Tech. (Online) 3 (7), 34– 39 (2014)254) Hitoshi Nakahara, Shinichi Ito, Shunsuke Ichikawa and Yahachi Saito: “Fabrication of SelfAligned Nano-Structured Electron Emitters for Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy”, e-J.
Surface Sci. & Nanotech. 12, 92-196 (2014)255) A. Ruammaitree, H. Nakahara, Y. Saito, “Growth of non-concentric graphene ring on 6H-SiC(0001) surface”, Appl. Surface Sci. 307, 136–141 (2014)
256) Dong Hoon Shin, Seung Il Jung, Ki Nam Yun, Guohai Chen, Yoon-Ho Song, Yahachi Saito,
William I. Milne, and Cheol Jin Lee: “Field emission properties from flexible field emitters using
carbon nanotube film”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 033110 (5p) (2014)257) Takeshi Koyama, Takuya Tsunekawa, Takeshi Saito, Koji Asaka, Y. Saito, Hideo Kishida, and A.
Nakamura, “Synthesis and Photophysics of Quaterrylene Molecules in Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes: Excitation Energy Transfer between a Nanoscale Cylinder and Encapsulated Molecules”,
J. Phys. Chem. C, 118 (37), 21671-21681 (2014)258) Koji Asaka, Tomohiro Terada, and Y. Saito, “Transformation of silicon nanoparticles on a carbon
nanotube heater into hollow graphitic nanocapsules via silicon carbide”, Diamond & RelatedMaterials 50, 49-54 (2014)259) A. Ruammaitree, H. Nakahara, Y. Saito, “Growth of protrusive graphene ring on Si-terminated 6HSiC (0001)”, Surf. Interface Anal. 46, 1156-1159 (2014)260) Dong Hoon Shin, Ki Nam Yun, Seok-Gy Jeon, Jung-Il Kim, Y. Saito, William I. Milne, and Cheol
Jin Lee: “High performance field emission of carbon nanotube film emitters with a triangular shape”,
Carbon 89 (2015) 404–410
261) Takeshi Koyama, Takuya Tsunekawa, Takeshi Saito, Koji Asaka, Y. Saito, H. Kishida, and A.
Nakamura:“Ultrafast excitation energy transfer from encapsulated quaterrylene to single-walledcarbon nanotube”, J. Luminescence 169, 645–648 (2016)262) Hitoshi Nakahara, Sotaro Fujita, Takuro Minato and Y. Saito: “In-Situ RHEED Study on
Graphene Growth During Chemical Vapor Deposition”, e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech. 14 (2016) 39-42.
263) K. Asaka and Y. Saito: “Spontaneous graphenization of amorphous carbon on clean surfaces ofnanometer-sized nickel particles at room temperature”, Carbon 103, 352-355 (2016)264) Koji Asaka and Yahachi Saito: “Structure of amorphous carbon films deposited on Ni
nanoparticles under ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature”, Surf. Interface Anal. 48, 1203–1205(2016)
265) Yuji Shinomiya, Koji Asaka, Hitoshi Nakahara and Y. Saito: “In situ TEM study on structural andelectric conduction properties of a multiwall carbon nanotube connected to a Mo electrode”, Surf.
Interface Anal. 48, 1206–1209 (2016)266) N. Yokoyama, K. Nakakubo, K. Iwata, K. Asaka, H. Nakahara and Y. Saito: “Field emission
patterns showing symmetry of electronic states in graphene edges”, Surf. Interface Anal. 48, 1217–
1220 (2016)267) Chenxing Wang, H. Nakahara and Y. Saito: “In situ SEM/STM observations and growth control
of monolayer graphene on SiC (0001) wide terraces”, Surf. Interface Anal. 48, 1221–1225 (2016)268) Chenxing Wang, Hitoshi Nakahara and Y. Saito: "In situ study on oxygen etching of surface
buffer layer on SiC (0001) terraces", e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech. 15, 13-18 (2017)269) K. Asaka, Tomohiro Terada and Y. Saito: “High temperature reaction of amorphous silicon withcarbon on a multiwall carbon nanotube heater and temperature measurement by thermal radiation
spectra”, J. Mater. Sci., 52, 7232-7238 (2017), DOI 10.1007/s10853-017-0960-6
270) Makoto Sasaki, Takeshi Koyama, Hideo Kishida, Koji Asaka, Y. Saito, Yukihiro Yoshida, Gunzi
Saito, “Facile Synthetic Route to Atomically Thin Conductive Wires from Single-Species Moleculesin One-Dimensionally Confined Space: Doped Conjugated Polymers Inside Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes”, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 8, 1702–1706 (2017), DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00724
271) M. Irita, S. Yamazaki, H. Nakahara, and Y. Saito: “Development of a compact FE-SEM and X-ray
microscope with a carbon nanotube electron source”, IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng. 304, 012006(6p), (2017), doi:10.1088/1757-899X/304/1/012006 (Proc. EMAS-2017/IUMAS-7)272) Koushi Nishikawa, Koji Asaka, Hitoshi Nakahara, and Y. Saito: “In-situ TEM study on structuralchange and light emission of a multiwall carbon nanotube during Joule heating”, IOP Conf. Series:
Mater. Sci. Eng. 304, 012011 (5p), (2017), doi:10.1088/1757-899X/304/1/012011 (Proc. EMAS2017/IUMAS-7)273) Takeshi Koyama, Kazuma Fujiki, Yuya Nagasawa, Susumu Okada, Koji Asaka, Y. Saito, andHideo Kishida, “Different Molecular Arrangement of Perylene in Metallic and Semiconducting
Carbon Nanotubes: Impact of van der Waals Interaction”, J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 5805−5812 (2018)

Books
1) T. Noda, Y. Saito, T. Okutani, “Vacuum Technology Manual” (Sangyou-tosho, 1983) 398p.
[Translation to Japanese from "A User's Guide to Vacuum Technology" by J. F. O'Hanlon (John
Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980)]
2) H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, “Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes” (The University of Nagoya Press, Jan.
1997) 302p. [in Japanese]
3) Y. Saito, S. Bandow, “Introduction to Carbon Nanotubes” (Corona Publishing, Nov. 1998) 206p [inJapanese]
4) Y. Saito, S. Bandow,Y. Nakayama, J. Haruyama, Y. Kubo “Introductory Materials Science ofCarbon Nanotubes” (Corona Publishing, Mar. 2005) 235p. [in Japanese]
5) H. Shinohara, Y. Saito, “Science of Fullerenes and Nanotubes” (The University of Nagoya Press,
June. 2011) 374p [in Japanese]
6) Y. Saito (editing & writing), “Field Emission Display Technology” (CMC Publishing, June 2004)
218p. [in Japanese]
7) Y. Saito (editing & writing), “Carbon Nanotube and Related Field Emitters: Fundamentals andApplications” (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, July 2010) 479p.
8) Y. Saito (editing & writing), “Carbon Nanotube Handbook” (Corona Publishing, Sept. 2011) 368p.
[in Japanese]9) Shinji Yamashita, Yahachi Saito, and Jong Hyun Choi (Editors): "Carbon nanotubes and graphene
for photonic applications" (Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, Sept. 2013) 416p. ISBN: 978-0-

85709-417-9

Review articles in English
1) Y. Saito, “Nanoparticles and Filled Nanocapsules”, Carbon 33 (7), 979-988 (1995)
2) Y. Saito, “Carbon Cage with Nanospace Inside: Fullerenes to Nanocapsules”, Surface Rev. Lett. 3(1), 819-825 (1996)
3) Y. Saito, “Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Arc Discharge”, New Diamond and Frontier Carbon Tech.
9 (1), 1-30 (1999)
4) Y. Saito, “Carbon Nanotube Field Emitter”, J. Nanosci. & Nanotech. 3 (1/2) 39-50 (2003)
5) H. Shinohara and Y. Saito, “Metallofullerenes” in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare
Earths (Elsevier, 2011), Vol. 41, Chap. 249, pp. 95-156

Other articles in English
1) Y. Saito and K. Mihama, “Growth and Characterization of Quasicrystals: I. Thin Films and II. Fine
Particles” in Quasicrystals (Materials Science Forum series Vol. 22-24, 1987) ed. K. H. Kuo (Trans
Tech Publications, Switzerland, 1987) pp. 601-616
2) Y. Saito, “Production of Metal Clusters by Nozzle Beam Expansion and Analysis by TOF Mass
Spectrometry” in Microclusters, Springer Series in Materials Science 4, eds. Y. Nishina, S. Ohnishiand S. Sugano (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987) pp.121-126
3) S. Bandow, H. Oya, N. Akuzawa, H. Shinohara, H. Nagashima, A. Nakaoka, M. Ohkohchi, Y. Andoand Y. Saito, “Magnetic Susceptibility of Pristine C 60 and K-Doped C 60 , and Heat Capacity of Solid
C 60 ” in Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, eds. P. Jena, S. N.
Khanna and B. K. Rao, Vol. 2 (Nato-ASI Series C Vol. 374, Kluwer Academic, 1992) pp.1311-1316
4) Y. Saito, N. Suzuki, M. Terauchi, R. Kuzuo, M. Tanaka, H. Shinohara, A. Ohshita, M. Ohkohchi and
Y. Ando, “Electron Microscopy, Electron Energy Loss and X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy of Solid
C 60 and C 70 ”, ibid. pp.1365-1370.
5) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, A. Izuoka, T. Sugawara, H. Ito, T. Sakurai and T. Matsuo,“Extraction and Characterization of Large All-Carbon Fullerenes”, ibid. pp.1379-1384.
6) H. Shinohara, H. Sato, Y. Saito, K. Tohji and Y. Udagawa, “Carbon K-Edge XANES and EXAFS of
Solid C 60 , C 70 and K 3 C 60 ”, ibid. pp.1385-1390.
7) Y. Saito, “Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanocapsules Encaging Metal and Carbide
Crystallites” in Fullerenes: Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and RelatedMaterials, Vol. 1, eds. K. M. Kadish and R. S. Ruoff (Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1994)
pp. 1419-1432
8) A. Kasuya, Y. Saito, Y. Sasaki, M. Fukushima, T. Maeda, C. Horie and Y. Nishina, “Raman
Scattering from Single-Wall Mono-Size Carbon Nanotubes” in The Science and Technology ofAtomically Engineered Materials (World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 1996) pp.431-434.
9) Y. Saito, “Nanoparticles and Nanocapsules” in Carbon Nanotubes: Preparation and Properties ed. T.
W. Ebbesen (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1997) Chap. 8, pp.249-276
10) Y. Saito, K. Mihama and T. Noda, “Cluster Ions Emitted from a Liquid Metal Ion Source” inMesoscopic Materials and Clusters - Their Physical and Chemical Properties, eds. T. Arai, K.
Mihama, K. Yamamoto and S. Sugano（Kodansha/Springer, Tokyo, 1999）pp. 321-328

11) Atsuo Kasuya, Hideki Takahashi, Y. Saito, Toshiaki Mitsugashiro, Tamaki Shibayama, Yoshinobu
Shiokawa, Isamu Satoh, Michiko Fukushima and Yuichiro Nishina, “Neutron Irradiation of Carbon
Nanoparticles”, ibid., pp. 329-332
12) Atsuo Kasuya, Y. Saito, Yoshiro Sasaki, Michiko Fukushima, Toshiteru Maeda, Chuji Horie andYuichiro Nishina, “Size Dependent Characteristics of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes”, ibid., pp. 333335
13) Y. Saito and T. Noda: Carbon Clusters and Carbon Composite Particles, ibid., pp. 389-396
14) Y. Saito, “Production by Arc Discharge” in Fine Particles: Synthesis, Characterization, andMechanisms of Growth, ed. T. Sugimoto (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000) Chap. 10.2, pp. 573-590
15) Y. Saito, Koichi Hata, Akihiro Takakura, Kohei Matsuda, Takayuki Kona and Chuhei Ohshima,“Field Emission Microscopy of Carbon Nanotubes” in Perspectives of Fullerene Nanotechnology, ed.
E. Osawa (Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, 2002) pp. 49-55
16) Y. Saito, K. Hata and S. Uemura, “Electron Emission from Carbon Nanotubes” in Carbon Alloys,ed. E. Yasuda (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2003) Chap. 28, pp. 459-468
17) Kazuo Kajiwara and Yahachi Saito, “Carbon Nanotubes for electron emitting devices” in Carbon
Nanotechnology, ed. L. Dai (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006) Chap. 16, pp. 577-609