Railway and traction
Our sensors and solutions

Contents
4 On-board current sensors

Fluxgate, Hall effect Open Loop & Closed Loop

10 On-board voltage sensors

Hall effect, Digital insulation technology

14 Trackside sensors

Hall effect Open Loop & Closed Loop

18 On-board metering
Energy Meter, Modem

AC

RAseriesLTC 500
series

DVL
seriesLAC
seriesDC

LF 2010
series

DVC
series

LF 510seriesLF 1010
seriesLTC 1000
seriesCD
seriesDV
seriesITC
series

LT 4000
series

DVM
series

LESR

HTRS

PCM

Today, high speed trains, city transit systems(metro, trams and trolleybuses) as well as
freight trains are the solutions against pollution and interstate traffic immobility, also
providing significant energy savings. Furthermore, power electronics is essential to driveand control energy in these transportation
systems.
LEM has been a main player in traction powerelectronics, onboard metering and trackside
applications for the last 50 years. We leverage this vast experience to develop and supply solutions for isolated current and voltage
measurements as well as for trackside applications and energy metering.

Railway and traction

3Railway and traction

4

Insulated and precise current measurement is
key to support the efficiency of power electronics on board trains. On the other hand, we offer dedicated solutions to measure any othercurrent positioned somewhere in the locomotive: input current to trigger the main circuit
breaker, differential current to monitor earth
leakages, interference currents to control the
network harmonics, high precision DC currents
as input for energy meter, etc.
Considering the demanding requirements in
the railway segment, LEM is strictly followinginternational standards for the current sensors such as EN 50155, EN 50463, as well as
offering an intermediate statement verification
for TSI LOC&PAS. Furthermore, we commit torailway requirements RoHS, IRIS, ISO 9001.

Railway and traction

5

LEM current
sensing technologies
In railway applications, Open Loop and Closed Loop technologies are most common in inverter applications. Fluxgate sensors
are used for more specific measurements, such as differential
current measurement and energy metering. Whatever yourrequirements are, LEM is supporting your application with bestin class technology.

Secondary winding

Closed Loop

Isolated Output Current IS• Wide frequency range• Good global accuracy• Fast delay time

+UC

IP

VH

-UC

• Low temperature drift• Excellent linearity

IS

RM• No insertion losses

0V

Primary Current IP

Open Loop• Small package size
• Extended measuring range

+ UC

IP

VH

• Reduced weight- UC• Low power consumption• No insertion losses

Railway and traction

6

VOUT

0V
Primary Current IP

Isolated Output Voltage VOUT

Isolated Output Voltage Vout

I Compensation

Closed Loop Fluxgate
CAS-CASR-CKSR typeR

• Galvanic insulation

Vref IN
Vref out

Magnetic Core

Primary Conductor

Primary Current IP

Fluxgateoscillator

Closed Loop Fluxgate IT type• Low residual noisekRSHUNTInternal
Ref

IP• Fast delay time•V ery high accuracykR

R

Fluxgate

Compensation
Winding

VOUT

Diff Amp+

H-Bridge
Driver• High accuracy in temperature

FilterFluxgate
Interface• High accuracy•V ery low drift in temperature(gain and offset)_

RSHUNT• Any kind of AC, DC,
pulsed and complex signalkR

Saturation
Detection

D’Compensation
Winding

Sweep
amplifier2nd Harmonic
Detector

DS• Excellent linearity < 1 ppm• Low cross-over distortionIP

W• High temperature stability

+

Power
AmplifierIntegrator+ corrector+

AC Pickup
Winding• Wide frequency range

IS

Isolated Output Current IS

Compensation
Current

RM

Primary Current IP

Closed Loop Fluxgate ITC type•V ery low sensitivity to high external
DC and AC fields• High temperature stability

Over Voltage
Protection

Fluxgate
Current

Primary Current IP_+

Power Stage

BridgeResistor

Fluxgate D’

DAC 0

IP

OV Protection
Micro-Controller
Offset Correction
PI Regulator• Low residual noise

Supplies Monitoring

LP Filter• Outstanding long-term stability

Isolated Output
Current IS

Supplies

Synchronous
Rectifier• Better than Class 0.5R according to
EN 50463

Fluxgate D

Fluxgate
Oscillator• Excellent linearity

Test winding
Compensation
winding

Fault_PSIS
RM

Railway and traction

7

Our range for on-board
current sensors
Standard
current sensors​

Nominalcurrent

Output
ratio

Vcc

error
@25°C

Tech

Tambient

LAC series

200 … 300A 1:2000
AC and DC
to1:5000+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

1.0%

Closed Loop -40 … +85°C

LTC series

200 …
1000A

1:1000to
1:5000+/- 15V …
+/- 24V

0.5%

Closed Loop -40 … +85°C

1:1000to
1:5000+/- 15V …
+/- 24V

0.2%
or
0.7%

Closed Loop -40 … +85°C

1:4000to
1:6000+/- 15V …
+/- 24V

0.2%
or
0.5%

Closed Loop -40 … +85°

1:4000to
1:5000+/- 24Vor+/- 60V

0.5%

Closed Loop -40 … +70°C+/- 5V+/- 15V

1.0%

Open Loop-40 … +70°C+/- 10V+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

1.0%

Open Loop-40 … +80°C

AC and DC

LF series

100 …
2000A
Bipolar DC

LF series

1 … 2kA

LT 4000 series

3 … 5kA

HAR series

500 …
1000A

AC (50Hz)

Unipolar DC

AC and DC

NNC series

1kA … 2.5kA

DHR series

100 … 600A 0 ... 5V
DC and AC
0 ... 10V
>200Hz0 ... 20mA

+20 … 50V

1.0%

Open Loop
RMS out-25 … +70°C

HTA series

250A,
1000A

+/- 10V+/- 15V

1.0%

Open Loop-25 … +70°C+/- 10V+/- 15V

1.0%

Open Loop-40 … +85°C

AC and DC

AC and DC

HTC series

Railway and traction

8

0.1 … 4kA
AC and DC

Specialcurrent sensors​

Nominalcurrent

Output
ratio

Vcc

error
@25°C

Tech

Tambient

1.5 … 4kA

1:2500+/- 24V

0.05%

Fluxgate-40 … +85°C

1:2500+/- 24V

0.05%

Fluxgate-40 … +85°C

On-board Metering

AC and DC

IN 1000 series

100 …1000A 1:5000+/- 15V

0.05%

Fluxgate-40 … +85°C

none

3.0%
@100mA

Rogowski-40 … +85°C

20mA+/- 48Vor+/- 24V

3.0%@100mA

Fluxgate-40 … +70°C

1:2000to
DC + superim- 1:5000+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

Specific
frequency
behaviour

Closed Loop -40 … +85°C

ITC 2000
seriesAC and DC

ITC 4000
series

500 …
2000A

On-board Metering

Bipolar DC

Coming soon

RA family

0.5kA … 2kA M*di/dt
AC (50Hz)

Interference
detection

CD family

0.1A … 2kA

Bipolar DC

Differential current

Specific SP-type LF 2005-S/SP9
Differential current

LF 310-S/SP20

100 …
1000A

posed AC

Railway and traction

9Railway and traction

10

Many railway applications require precise voltage measurement and demanding insulation
characteristics. Following the EN 50163, ourportfolio covers the need not only for 1.5 and
3kV DC-networks for countries like France,
Italy, Netherlands, etc., but also for metro andlight rail tracks on 600/750V level.
All LEM voltage sensors have been qualified to
EN 50155, the DV-series has been tested to EN
50463, furthermore offering an intermediate
statement verification (ISV) for TSI LOC&PAS.
As for our current sensors, we adhere to railway
requirements such as IRIS, RoHs, ISO 9001.

Railway and traction

11

LEM voltage
sensing technologies
LEM offers a wide range of voltage sensor technologies providing galvanic insulation between primary and secondary
circuits. In particular the Digital Voltage sensors offer a uniqueperformance over the full temperature range. Whatever yourrequirements are, LEM is supporting your application with bestin class technology.

R1

Closed Loop Voltage Transducers• Measurement of high voltages

VP

VH• Safety isolation-UC IS• Good overall accuracy• Low temperature drift• Excellent linearity

Isolated Output Current IS

+UC

R1

RM

IP

0V

Primary Voltage VP

Closed Loop Fluxgate C Type

IS

+UC

• High accuracy

-UC

Imag

• Very wide frequency range• Reduced temperature drift

IP• Excellent linearity

Vout

+UC
-UC

0V

+UC

• Safety isolation

IS+ Imag• Reduced loading on the primary-UC

Isolated Output Voltage VoutPrimary Current IP

DV & DVL Type Voltage Transducers​
Supply• Insulating digital technology

RectifierFilter• Measurement of all types of signals:
DC, AC, pulsed and complex• Compact size, reduced volume• High galvanic insulation• Low consumption and losses• Very high accuracy, Class 0.5R
according to EN 50463 (DV models)• Low temperature drift

Railway and traction

12

+Up
+HT

+VC

Power
Supply

-Up

0V

-VC

+5V

Bitstream

Primary
Voltage-HT
VP

Modulator-Up

DigitalFilterMicro controller
D/A Converter

U/I
Generator

OutputOur range for on-board
voltage sensors​
Digital sensors​

Nominalvoltage

Output

Vcc

error
@25°C

dcl/dcp[mm]

Test voltage
50Hz/60sec

DVC PCBA
seriesUp to 1000V 2.5V +/- 2V

+ 5V

1.0%

9.0/9.0

4.26kV

DVC series

Up to 1000V 10V
Bipolar AC
20mA
+ DC
4 - 20mA+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

1.0%

9.0/9.0

4.26kV

DVL series

150 ...
2000V

10V
50mA
4 - 20mA+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

0.5%

41.6/57.1

8.5kV

DVM series

1 ... 4.2 kV

10V
50mA
4 - 20mA1)+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

0.5%

74/101

12kV

DV series

2 ... 6.4kV2)

10V
50mA
20mA

+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

0.5%3)

138/287
127/23678/88

18.5kV

Bipolar AC+ DC

AC + DC

Bipolar AC+ DC

Bipolar AC+ DCClassic sensors
LV 25-P series

Up to 1000V 20mA

Bipolar AC+ DC+/- 15V

0.8%

19.5/19.5

4.2kV

w/o HV-resistor

LV 25 series

Up to 1000V 25mA
Bipolar AC
50mA+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

1.0%

13.8/13.8

4.1kV

200 ...
2000V

10V+/- 15V

0.2%

41.6/57.1

6.0kV

+ DC

CV 3 seriesHigh bandwith

CV 4 series

Bipolar AC& DC

1 ... 4.2kV

Bipolar AC
+ DC

10V
70mA

+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

0.5%

74/101

9.0kV

Spare parts only

LV 100 series

250 ...
2500V

50mA

+/- 15Vor+/- 24V

0.9%

27.9/55.1

6.0kV

Test winding

Bipolar AC+ DC1) Unipolar measurement – 2) Limited measuring range at 6.4kV nominal – 3) Variants conform to EN 50463:2017 (Metering)
Railway and traction

13Railway and traction

14

From the beginning in the 1970’s, LEM has beenoffering solutions for the entire railway system.
In various applications which are on the ground,the so-called trackside market, our huge portfolio of industrial sensors can address customer
requirements. No matter what the application,e.g. control & monitoring of lamps, crossing
gates, points machines or DC-substations, LEM
always offers dedicated solutions.

Railway and traction

15

LEM trackside sensing
technologies
Railway signals, points machines and other trackside equipment
are mainly measured with Open Loop or Closed Loop transducers.
To support retrofit applications, LEM is offering a new double
U-shape technology. Whatever your requirements are, LEM is
supporting your application with best in class technology.

Secondary winding

Closed Loop

Isolated Output Current IS• Wide frequency range• Good global accuracy• Fast delay time

+UC

IP

VH

-UC

• Low temperature drift• Excellent linearity

IS

RM• No insertion losses

0V

Primary Current IP

Open Loop• Small package size
• Extended measuring range

+ UC

IP

VH

• Reduced weight- UC• Low power consumption• No insertion losses

Open Loop U-shape type
• Low offset• High immunity against ext. fields• Low temperature drift• High accuracy• Lightweight

Railway and traction

16

VOUT

0V
Primary Current IP

Isolated Output Voltage VOUT

Our range fortrackside sensors
Standard andSplit-core sensors

Nominalcurrent

Output

Vcc

error
@25°C

Tech

Tambient

10 … 50A

4-20mA

12V … 24V

2.0%

Open Loop-40 … +85°C

PCM series

5 … 30A

4-20mA

24V

2.0%

Closed Loop -25 … +85°C

LESR series

6 … 25 A+/- 625 mV+/- 5V

0.2%

Closed Loop -40 … +105°C

HAZ series

4 … 20kA

4-20mA
0 … 20mA
10V+/- 15V

1.0%

Open LoopHTRS series
New

Bipolar AC+ DC

Bipolar AC+ DC

Bipolar AC+ DC

Bipolar AC+ DC

Instantaneous

True RMS

Instantaneous-25 … +85°C

Instantaneousor True RMS

Railway and traction

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18

LEM’s solutions for on-board energy meteringoffer a highly accurate measurement to avoid
any doubt on the correctness of the energy bill(from energy supplier to the operator of rollingstock). Furthermore, the load profile data canbe used to measure the energy efficiency of
the rail vehicle as well as to train the driver for
more sustainable behaviour.
All of the LEM equipment has been qualified
to EN 50463:2017; they can be used in all European countries where legal relevant energy
measurement is required. However, they canalso be used in Asia and the Americas.

Railway and traction

19Key functionality
EM4TII / TEMA4G series
Supporting international cross border freight and passenger transport, an exact knowledge of consumed and regenerated energy of a railway vehicle is mandatory. Since more than
10 years, EM4TII+ is the key element of several Energy Metering
Systems (EMS) in Europe. It consists of the mandatory functions
ECF (Energy Calculation Function) and DHS (Data Handling System). Furthermore, it can be ordered as subsystem or integrated
in LEM’s EMS solution called TEMA4G which is offering in addition the PEMG2 communication device transferring the energy
data to ground. EM4TII+ and TEMA4G are compatible with themost relevant current and voltage measurement devices (AC andDC), in particular with LEM’s DC current and voltage transducers(DV and ITC series).

Features of EM4TII+:• 4 channel energy meter for AC, DC andmultisystem applications• Load profile (CEBD data) in accordance to EN 50463:2017• Load profile length: 5min (1 or 15 min optional)• Memory size: 300 days (if load profile length is set to 5 min)• GPS I/O (RS 232, NMEA 0183 format)

Features of TEMA4G (in addition to EM4TII+):• GPS interface (SMA connector for antenna)• Integrated web browser• Ethernet service interface• 2G/4G modem with customized SIM-card

Railway and traction

20

European rail
networks

Not electrified
Electrified (DC) tracks
1.5 kV DC
3 kV DC
15 kV 16.7 Hz
25 kV 50 Hz
3 kV DC / 25 kV 50Hz

Our range foron-board metering
Energy Metering
SolutionsNominalvoltage

OutputGPSinterface

EM4TII

25kV/50Hz
16kV/16,7Hz
750V
1.5/3kV

RS 232RS 485

RS232+24 … 48V
(NMEA 0183 +72 … 110V
format)

0.5R

EM4TII+

25kV/50Hz
15kV/16,7Hz
750V
1.5/3kV

RS 232RS 485

RS232+24 … 48V
(NMEA 0183 +72 … 110V
format)0.5R

TEMA4G

25kV/50Hz
16kV/16,7Hz
750V
1.5/3kV

2G/4G
Ethernet

GPS antenna, SMA
connector+24 … 48V
+72 … 110V

0.5R

EMS incl. 4G-modem& SIM card
EN 50463:2017

PEMG2

N/A

2G/4G
Ethernet

GPS antenna, SMA
connector

Poweredby EMaTII+
oder 12Vdc

N/A

Meter VDEW protocol
EN 50463:2021

Meter TSI/LOC PAS
EN 50463:2021

4G-modem & SIM
EN 50463:2017

VCC

Class
accuracy

Railway and traction

21

LEM quality
and standards
The different LEM design and production centersaround the world are either ISO TS 16949, ISO
9001 and/or ISO 14001 certified. Our main production centers for traction transducers are IRIS certified, a must for companies supplying the railway
market.​​Several quality tools have been implemented
at LEM to assess and analyze its performances.
LEM utilizes this information to take the necessary
corrective actions to remain a responsive player
in the market, among which the most representatives are:​• DPT FMEA (Design, Process &Tool Failure Mode Effect Analysis) ​• Control Plan​• Cpk – R&R (Capability for Processes &Measurement Systems)​• QOS – 8D (Quality Operating System –Eight Disciplines)​• IPQ (Interactive Purchase Questionnaire)​​
In addition to these quality programs, and since
2002, LEM embraces Six Sigma as its methodology in pursuit of business excellence. ​The main
goal is to create an environment in which anything
less than Six Sigma quality is unacceptable.​​

Railway and traction

22

LEM’s Standards ​LEM sensors are designed and tested according
to recognized worldwide standards. The EN 50155
standard dedicated to “Electronic Equipmentused on Rolling stock” in railway applications is
our standard of reference for electrical, environmental and mechanical parameters. It guarantees
the overall performances of our products in railway
environments. ​​All of the LEM traction products are designed according to the EN 50155 standard. CE marking isa guarantee that the product complies with theEuropean EMC directive 2004/108/EEC and low
voltage directive and therefore warrants the electro-magnetic compatibility of the transducers.
Sensors comply to the EN 50121-3-2 standard(Railway EMC standard).​
UL is used as a reference to define the flammabilityof the materials (UL94V0) as well as the NFF 16101
and 16102 standards for the fire/ smoke materials
classification. LEM is currently UL recognized formain models. ​Leading the world in electrical measurement•

The broadest product portfolio in theindustry•

50 years as a pure player in current
sensing•

Full suite of current sensing
solutions from IC up to complex, fully
instrumented modules•

1,500 people in 15 countries serving
industry and automotive customers
around the world

Railway and traction

23

LEM INTERNATIONAL SA
Route du Nant-d’Avril 1521217 Meyrin
Geneva, Switzerland
www.lem.com