IGS Project Series 7ዪᛶ䚸᐀ᩍ䚸ᭀຊ䠖ᅜ㝿ⓗどⅬ䛛䜙䛾෌⪃㻌䝁䝯䞁䝖 㻞㻌 㻌᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛 㻰㼂 䛾ຍᐖ⪅䛸⿕ᐖ⪅㻌ᑠᕝ㻌 ┿⌮Ꮚ䠄᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍≉ู◊✲ဨ䠄㻼㻰䠅㻛኱ጔዪᏊ኱Ꮫ䠅㻌
Mariko Ogawa (JSPS/Otsuma Women’s University)
⚾䛿䚸DV䠄䝗䝯䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽䞉䝞䜲䜸䝺䞁䝇䠅⿕ᐖ⪅䛾ᨭ᥼䜔Ẹ㛫䝅䜵䝹䝍䞊䛾ㄪᰝ◊✲䜢䛧䛶䛚䜚䜎䛩䛾䛷䚸௒᪥䛿᪥ᮏ䛾 DV 䛾≧ἣ䛻ゐ䜜䛺䛜䜙䚸ᮏ䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛾䝔䞊䝬䛻㛵㐃䛧䛶ዪᛶ䛾 DV ຍᐖ⪅䛸
䛔䛖どⅬ䜒ྵ䜑䛶⪃䛘䜢㏙䜉䛥䛫䛶䛔䛯䛰䛝䛯䛔䛸ᛮ䛔䜎䛩䚹᪥ᮏ䛾 DV 䛾ᐇែ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛷䛩䛜䚸ෆ㛶ᗓ䛾⤫ィ䛷䛿䚸㓄അ⪅䛛䜙䛾ᭀຊ䛿䚸⥲ᩘ䛸䛧䛶 5 ே䛻 1 ே䛜ᭀຊ䜢ཷ䛡䛯䛸䛔䛖⤖ᯝ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹ᛶู䛷ぢ䜎䛩䛸䚸ዪᛶ䛾⣙ 4 ே䛻 1 ே䛜㓄അ⪅䛛䜙⿕ᐖ䜢ཷ䛡䛯䛣䛸䛜䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹䛭䛧䛶ዪᛶ䛾⣙ 10ே䛻 1 ே䛿ఱᗘ䜒ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹⏨ᛶ䛾⿕ᐖ⤒㦂䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䚸ዪᛶ䛾๭ྜ䠄23.7%䠅䜘䜚䜒ᑡ䛺
䛟 16.6%䛺䛾䛷䛩䛜䚸Ỵ䛧䛶ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛔๭ྜ䛷䛩䚹䛂DV ஦௳⥲ᩘ䛸⿕ᐖ⪅䛾⏨ዪู๭ྜ䛃䛾⤫ィ䛷䛿䚸඲య䛾䛖䛱⣙ 9 ๭䛜ዪᛶ䛾⿕ᐖ⪅䛷䛩䚹യᐖ䛸ᭀ⾜஦௳䛻䛚䛡䜛ዪᛶ䛾⿕ᐖ⪅䛿≉䛻ከ䛟䚸䛸䜒䛻 9 ๭䜢༨䜑䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹୍᪉䚸ẅே䛻䛚䛡䜛ዪᛶ䛾⿕ᐖ⪅䛿඲య䛾⣙ 6 ๭䚸⏨ᛶ䛾⿕ᐖ⪅䛿⣙4 ๭䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹DV ஦௳䛻䛚䛡䜛ዪᛶ⿕ᐖ⪅䛿䚸ẅே஦௳䛾๭ྜ䛜⣙ 6 ๭䛷䚸യᐖ䛸ᭀ⾜䛾๭ྜ䛸ẚ䜉䜛䛸ᑡ䛺䛟䛺䛳䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛭䛣䛷䚸䛺䛬ẅே஦௳䛷䛿䚸ዪᛶ䛾⿕ᐖ⪅ᩘ䛜ῶᑡ䛩䜛䛾䛛䚸୍᪉䛷䛺䛬ዪᛶ䛾ຍᐖ⪅ᩘ䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛䛾䛛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸䛒䜛஦௳䜢䛤⤂௓䛧䛯䛔䛸ᛮ䛔䜎䛩䚹21ᑠᕝ┿⌮Ꮚ᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛 㻰㼂 䛾ຍᐖ⪅䛸⿕ᐖ⪅

1994 ᖺ䛻ጔ䛻䜘䜛ኵẅே஦௳䛜㉳䛣䜚䜎䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾஦௳䛾≉ᚩ䛿䚸㛗ᖺᭀຊ䜢ཷ䛡⥆䛡䛯ጔ䛜䚸ኵ䜢ẅᐖ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛷䛩䚹
1994 ᖺ䛾኱ᬉ᪥䛻䚸ኵ䛿ᮅ䛛䜙㓇䜢㣧䜏䛺䛜䜙ጔ䛻ᇳᣉ䛺ᭀຊ䜢䜅䜛䛔⥆䛡䚸ጔ䛿⋞㛵䛛䜙㏨䛢䜘䛖䛸ヨ䜏䛯䛾䛷䛩䛜䚸ኵ䛻ᘬ䛝䛪䜚ᡠ䛥䜜䜎䛩䚹ኵ䛿ጔ䛾㤳䜢⤠䜑䚸䛥䜙䛻䚸䝂䝹䝣䜽䝷䝤䛷ጔ䜢ᚋ䜝䛛䜙ᙉᡴ䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹ጔ䛿䛣䛾䜎䜎䛷䛿ẅ䛥䜜䜛䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䛸⪃䛘䚸௮ྥ䛡䛻䛺䛳䛶ᶓ䛯䜟䛳䛶䛔䛯ኵ䛾㤳䜢䝘䜲䝣䛷่䛧䛶ẅᐖ䛧䛯䛸䛔䛖஦௳䛷䛩䚹䛣䛾஦௳䛾ุỴ䛷䛩䛜䚸⿢ุᡤ䛿䚸ே䛾䛔䛾䛱䜢ዣ䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䛿㔜኱䛷䛒䜛䛸䛧䛺䛜䜙䜒ฮච㝖䛸䛔䛖⤖ㄽ䜢ୗ䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛣䛾ุỴ䛿䚸㠀ᖖ䛻⏬ᮇⓗ䛷䛧䛯䚹⿢ุᡤ䛿䚸⿕࿌ே䛷䛒䜛ጔ䛜㛗ᖺ䛻䜟䛯䜛ኵ䛛䜙䛾䛩䛥䜎䛨䛔ᭀຊ䛾⿕ᐖ⪅䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢ㄆ䜑䚸ኵ䛾ᭀຊ䛻ཝ䛧䛔ุ᩿䜢ୗ䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䚸ኵ䛾ᭀຊ䛜䛣䛾஦௳䛾ཎᅉ䛷䛒䜚䚸ጔ䛾⏕࿨౵ᐖ䛾༴㝤䛜㧗䛟䚸䛭䜜䜖䛘䚸ጔ䜢ᙉ䛟㠀㞴䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䛺䛔䛸䛧䛶ฮච㝖䛾ุỴ䜢ゝ䛔Ώ䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹⿢ุ䛾தⅬ䛸䛺䛳䛯䛾䛜䚸ጔ䛾่ẅ⾜Ⅽ䛜ṇᙜ㜵⾨䛻䛒䛯䜛䛛䛸䛔䛖䛸䛣䜝䛷䛩䛜䚸ุỴ䛷䛿䚸ጔ䛾㜵⾨⾜Ⅽ䛜䜒䛧ኻᩋ䛧䛯ሙྜ䛻䚸䛥䜙䛺䜛ᭀຊ⾜Ⅽ䛜ຍ䛘䜙䜜䜛ᜍ䜜䛜䛒䜚䚸ጔ䛾࿨䛾༴㝤䛜䜘䜚㧗䛟䛺䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢ㄆ䜑䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹ጔ䛾ᘚㆤഃ䜒䚸䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾ኵ䛾ᭀຊ䛾ᐇែ䜢ἲᘐ䛷᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ᘚㆤഃ䛾ཧ⪃ே䛸䛧䛶ฟᘐ䛧䛯◊✲⪅䛿䚸ᙜ᫬䚸ኵ䜔ᜊே䛺䛹ぶᐦ䛺㛵ಀ䛻䛒䜛⏨ᛶ䛛䜙᣺䜛䜟䜜䜛ᭀຊ䛜䚸ዪᛶ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᭀຊ䛸䛧䛶ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻ၥ㢟䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹䛣䛖䛧䛯≧ἣ䜒ㄝ᫂䛧䛶ጔ䛾ᘚㆤഃ䛿⿢ุ䛷ᡓ䛳䛯䛾䛷䛩䚹䛣䛾ጔ䛻䜘䜛ኵẅ䛧஦௳䛜㉳䛝䛯䛾䛿 1994 ᖺ䛷䛩䛾䛷᪥ᮏ䛷 DV㜵Ṇἲ䛜ไᐃ䛥䜜䜛๓䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹ᙜ᫬䛾᪥ᮏ䛷䛿䚸ኵ፬䛾䜒䜑䛤䛸䛿䚸ಶேⓗ䛺ၥ㢟䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖つ⠊䛜ᾐ㏱䛧䛶䛔䛶䚸ᭀຊ䜢᣺䜛䜟䜜䛯ዪᛶ䛯䛱䛿ỿ㯲䜢䛫䛦䜛䜢ᚓ䛺䛔≧ἣ䛜䛒䜚䜎䛧䛯䚹ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛻䛿䚸ᅜ㐃䛺䛹䛜 90 ᖺ௦௨㝆䚸ዪᛶ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᭀຊ䜢ዪᛶ䛾ேᶒၥ㢟䛸䛧䛶ྲྀ䜚ୖ䛢䚸᪥ᮏ䛷䜒 90 ᖺ௦ึ䜑Ẹ㛫ዪᛶ䜾䝹䞊䝥䛻䜘䜛඲ᅜึ䛾 DV ㄪᰝ䜢ዎᶵ䛻♫఍ⓗ䛺㛵ᚰ䛜㞟䜎䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䜚䜎䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸90 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙䛻䛿䚸ⲡ䛾᰿䛾ዪᛶ䛯䛱䛜 DV ⿕ᐖ⪅䜢ಖㆤ䞉ᨭ᥼䛩䜛䝅䜵䝹䝍䞊䜢タ❧䛩䜛ື䛝䛜඲ᅜⓗ䛻ᣑ䛜䜚䜎䛧䛯䚹ᅜ䛾ືྥ䛷䛿䚸1999 ᖺ䛻ึ䜑䛶⏨ዪ㛫䛻䛚䛡䜛ᭀຊ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛣䛾ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛷䛿 20 ṓ௨ୖ䛾ᡂேዪᛶ䛾 5
ே䛻 1 ே䛜⏕࿨䛾༴㝤䜢ឤ䛨䜛䜋䛹䛾ᭀຊ䜢⤒㦂䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䚸኱䛝䛺⾪ᧁ䜢୚䛘䜎䛧䛯䚹ጔ䛻䜘䜛ኵẅᐖ䛾஦௳䛜㉳䛣䛳䛯 90 ᖺ௦༙䜀䛿䚸䜎䛰 DV 䛜♫఍ⓗ䛻䜒ㄆ▱䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔≧ἣ䛷䚸♫఍ⓗ䛺ᑐᛂ䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹䛺䛛䛳䛯

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IGS Project Series 7ዪᛶ䚸᐀ᩍ䚸ᭀຊ䠖ᅜ㝿ⓗどⅬ䛛䜙䛾෌⪃㻌㡭䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹䛷䛩䛾䛷䚸ᘚㆤഃ䛿䚸ጔ䛜䛞䜚䛞䜚䜎䛷㏣䛔ワ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䛻䜒䛛䛛䜟䜙䛪䚸ጔ䛜ຓ䛡䜢ồ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜ฟ᮶䛺䛛䛳䛯䛾䛿䚸♫఍ⓗ䛺ᨭ᥼䜔ᑐᛂ䛾㐜䜜䛻䜒ၥ㢟䛜䛒䜛䛸୺ᙇ䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹䛭䛾ᚋ䚸Ẹ㛫ዪᛶ NGO 䜢୰ᚰ䛻 DV ⿕ᐖ⪅䜢ಖㆤ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾ἲᚊ䜢స䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯㐠ື䛜㉳䛣䜚䚸ከ䛟䛾ዪᛶ䛯䛱䛾ຊ䛜⤖㞟䛧
䛶 2001 ᖺ䛻 DV 㜵Ṇἲ䛜ᡂ❧䛧䜎䛩䚹DV 㜵Ṇἲ᪋⾜ᚋ䛻䛿䚸බⓗᶵ㛵䜢୰ᚰ䛻䛧䛶 DV ⿕ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼ไᗘ䛜ᩚഛ䛥䜜䛶䛝䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹DV 㜵Ṇἲ䛿䛣䜜䜎䛷䛻 3 ᗘ䛾ᨵṇ䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛡䜜䛹䜒䚸ᮍ䛰䛻 DV ஦௳䛿ᚋ䜢⤯䛯䛺䛔≧ἣ䛜⥆䛝䚸ᨭ᥼ไᗘ䛾୙ഛ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ᣦ᦬䛥䜜䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛂DV 䛻䛚䛡䜛⿕ᐖ⪅䛸ຍᐖ⪅䛃䛻䛴䛔䛶䛷䛩䛜䚸ඛ⛬䚸㓄അ⪅䛛䜙䛾⿕ᐖ⤒㦂䛾๭ྜ䛿䚸ዪᛶ䛜 23.7%䛷⏨ᛶ䛜 16.6%䛸⏦䛧䜎䛧䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶ྠ䛨ㄪᰝ䛷䚸DV ⿕ᐖ䜢䛂┦ㄯ䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䛃䛸ᅇ⟅䛧䛯䛾䛜䚸ዪᛶ䛿 44.9%䚸⏨ᛶ䛿 75.4%䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛸䛟䛻⏨ᛶ䛾๭ྜ䛜㧗䛔䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜚䜎䛩䚹⏨ᛶ䛾⿕ᐖᐇែ䛸䛔䛖䛾䛿䚸䜎䛰䜎䛰ぢ䛘䛻䛟䛔≧ἣ䛷䛩䚹䛭䛾⌮⏤䛾䜂䛸䛴䛸䛧䛶䚸ጔ䛛䜙ᭀຊ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䛺䜣䛶᜝䛪䛛䛧䛟䛶ㄡ䛻䜒䛔䛘䛺䛔䛸୍ே䛷ၥ㢟䜢ᢪ䛘㎸䜐⏨ᛶ䛾ጼ䛜ᾋ䛛䜃ୖ䛜䜚䜎䛩䚹୍㒊䛾⮬἞య䛷䛿⏨ᛶ⿕ᐖ⪅䜈䛾ᑐᛂ䜢ጞ䜑䛶䛔䛶䚸ᮾி䚸ி㒔䚸⚄ዉᕝ䛺䛹䛷䛿䚸⏨ᛶᑓ⏝䛾㟁ヰ┦ㄯ䜢㛤ጞ䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹DV 䛾≉ᚩ䛸䛿䚸➨ 1 䛻䚸䝆䜵䞁䝎䞊໬䛥䜜䛯ᑐ❧䛾ᵓ㐀䛜䛒䜚䚸ᛶู䛻೫䛳䛯ຍᐖ䞉⿕ᐖ䛾ഴྥ䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛩䚹➨ 2 䛻䚸ᝎ䜣䛷䛔䜛ᮏே䜒⿕ᐖ⪅䞉ຍᐖ⪅䛸䛧䛶ㄆ㆑䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㞴䛧䛔䛸䛔䛖ᙜ஦⪅ᛶ䛾႙ኻ䛸䛔䛖ၥ㢟䛜䛒䜚䜎䛩䚹DV ຍᐖ⪅ྥ䛡䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸䜎䛰ከ䛟䛿䛒䜚䜎䛫䜣䛜⏨ᛶ䛾 DV ຍᐖ⪅ྥ䛡䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛜Ẹ㛫ᅋయ䜢୰ᚰ䛻⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䜎䛯䚸䛭䛾఩⨨䛵䛡䛿䚸DV ⿕ᐖ⪅ᨭ᥼䛾୍⎔䛸䛧䛶䛾 DV ຍᐖ⪅ᩍ⫱䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹ᅜ䛷䛿䚸ㄪᰝ䜢䛧䛯䜚ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䜚䛸䛔䛖ヨ䜏䜢䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䛜䚸DV ຍᐖ⪅ᩍ⫱䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䛿䜎䛰ጞ䜎䛳䛯䜀䛛䜚䛷䛩䚹௒ぢ䛶䛝䛯䜘䛖䛻䚸ᐇែ䛸䛧䛶䚸DV ⿕ᐖ⪅䛾 9 ๭䛿ዪᛶ䛷䛒䜚䚸ᅜ㝿ⓗ䛺ഴྥ䛸䜒୍⮴䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹ጔ䛻䜘䜛ኵ䛾ẅே஦௳䛿䚸ᖺ㛫 70 ௳๓ᚋ䜢ᩘ䛘䜛䛸ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹䛣䛾୰䛻䛿䚸DV 䛻⪏䛘䛛䛽ኵ䜢ẅᐖ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᭀຊ䛛䜙ゎᨺ䛥䜜䜛䜿䞊䝇䜒ከ䛔䛸◊✲⪅䛿ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䛔䜎䛩䚹⏨ᛶ䛾 DV ⿕ᐖ䜒㢧ᅾ໬䛧䛶䛔䜛≧ἣ䛷䛿䛒䜛䛾䛷䛩䛜䚸DV 䛾ᐇែ䜢ぢ䜛㝈䜚䚸ዪᛶ䜈䛾ᨭ᥼䛾ᚲせᛶ䛸ᨭ᥼䛜䝇䝮䞊䝈䛻ཷ䛡䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛺ไᗘ䛾ᩚഛ䜢᪩ᛴ䛻㐍䜑䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛰䛸䛔䛘䜎䛩䚹ሗ࿌䛿௨ୖ䛻䛺䜚䜎䛩䚹䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛧䛯䚹㻌23ᑠᕝ┿⌮Ꮚ᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛡䜛 㻰㼂 䛾ຍᐖ⪅䛸⿕ᐖ⪅䛆ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䛇㻌ᑠᕝ┿⌮Ꮚ䚸2015䚸䛄䝗䝯䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽䞉䝞䜲䜸䝺䞁䝇䛸Ẹ㛫䝅䜵䝹䝍䞊䇷⿕ᐖᙜ஦⪅ᨭ᥼䛾ᵓ⠏䛸ᒎ㛤䛅ୡ⧊᭩ᡣኵ䠄ᜊே䠅䛛䜙䛾ᭀຊㄪᰝ◊✲఍䚸2000䚸䛄䝗䝯䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽䞉䝞䜲䜸䝺䞁䝇䛊᪂⿦∧䛋䛅᭷ᩫ㛶ᡄ⬟ẸỤⴭ䚸2002䚸䛄䝗䝯䝇䝔䜱䝑䜽䞉䝞䜲䜸䝺䞁䝇䛅୙☻᭩ᡣᡄ⬟ẸỤ⦅ⴭ䚸2013䚸䛄༴ᶵ䜢䛾䜚䛣䛘䜛ዪ䛯䛱䇷DV ἲ 10 ᖺ䚸ᨭ᥼䛾᪂ᆅᖹ䜈䛅ಙᒣ♫ෆ㛶ᗓ䚸2015䚸䛄ᖹᡂ 27 ᖺ∧⏨ዪඹྠཧ⏬ⓑ᭩䛅24