6A3^0MCHN_WH=nZSrO

Bi-2223

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04232024&D!%2008 / 2 n 26 |Contents
1

2

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1

1.1 O8aK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 b96A3N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Bi-2223 ~`N=n}! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 PIT ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.2 C5Fk!:CT-OP(ConTrolled-Over Pressure) . . . . . .
1.3.3 CT-OP NzL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Bi-2223 ~`N6A3!oXN~Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.1 6A3wE1<Vk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.2 '$be0sV (JR 0^0lV) Q^0MCH . . . . . .
1.4.3 v&f<GNn_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 \&fN\* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
4
4
6
7
9
10
10
11
12

B3

13

6A3^0MCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
LEn3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
f4Gg'&N9YM8- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
f4tGN'&,[ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3 kL*hSM!
20
3.1 LEn3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.1 >.E.LEn3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.2 r.E.LEn3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.3 r.EvLEn3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2 f4Gg'&N9YM8- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

i

'+)Y,[ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4 ^Ha
35
2M8%
38
3.3

ii

List of Tables
2.1 Bi-2223 6A3^0MCHNt5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 ^0MCHKHQ5l? Bi-2223 ~`Nt5 . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1 1 A LE~NgWUjN'+)Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 F9YhGNf4Gg'&=, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

iii

List of Figures
1.1 PIT !5W^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 FkeN SEM | (a) g$5J>hKFk~` (b)CT-OP ~` .

2.1 Bi-2223 6A3^0MCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 B}~GLO0^#(A):f4Gg'&t, (B):GgP3'&t, (C):~`KP9kb>'&NGgHJkt, . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Qs1<-?3$kNrObGk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 =lN$I?3$kNbGk5W^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5 =lN$I?3$kNrObGk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 77.3 K GN^0MCHN V -I C- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 65K GN^0MCHN V -I C- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 r.E.LE (6} 10 A"~Ht 10 Hz) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 r.E.EvLE (>.E. : 15.2 A "r.E. : 6} 0.2 A "~Ht 300 Hz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 ^ 2.3 NrOkL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6 77.3 K K*1k B -I C-Hm<Ii$s (I = 147 A N Bi-2223~`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7 70 K K*1k B -I C-Hm<Ii$s (I = 147 A N Bi-2223~`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8 65 K K*1k B -I C-Hm<Ii$s (I = 147 A N Bi-2223~`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9 60 K K*1k B -I C-Hm<Ii$s (I = 147 A N Bi-2223~`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 55 K K*1k B -I C-Hm<Ii$s (I = 147 A N Bi-2223~`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv

5
7
13
14
18
19
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
26
27
27

3.11 50 K K*1k B -I C-Hm<Ii$s (I = 147 A N Bi-2223~`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.12 45 K K*1k B -I C-Hm<Ii$s (I = 147 A N Bi-2223~`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13 ^0MCHN B -T C- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.14 ^ 2.5 NrOkL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.15 ^0MCHN4}~N'+)Y,[ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.16 ^0MCHNB}~N'+)Y,[ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

v

28
28
30
31
32
32

Chapter 1

x@
1.1

O8aK

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6A3!oXN~QH7FO"6A3uVGOE$q3J7KgFLNE.
r.93H,G-kH$&-A+i"(Mk.<N;:J/gEOrwEG-k
wE~d6A3(Mk.<y_uV SMES(Super ondu tive Magneti Energy
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QUantum Interferen e Devi e : 6A3LR3DGR) JINb6Y'$;s5,=n5lF$k#eEQGO'$&DG|GGuV (MRI) JIN!o,s2
ilk#=_BQ6A3~`H7FxQ5lF$kbNO"NbTi d Nb Sn ~`G"j"b96A3NrQ$?~`O3li 2 DN6A3~`KOBQ-NLG^@ZPJ$#7+7"3lib06A3NO"HQG-k9Yhd'&KBj,"j"UNXj&`+iUNbGGNdQ^G-$9YhGHQD=G"kb96A3NN~`NBQ=,TA>^lF$k#3

1.2

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j6A3uV~KE.,.ld9$}~,h^CF$k?a"gFLNE.r.9?aKOE.Q9HJk Cu-O LrE.}~KDJ.go;"k=N[~r7(Fdk,W,"k#=N?a"~`N_WHC),q7$H5lF-?#
3l^GgK Y d Gd"Dy JINuZ`@=*6A3N RE-123 3<H~`H"
Bi O@=*6A3NN 2 o`,&f5lF-?#
Y-Ba-Cu-O d Gd-Ba-C-O JINuZ`5GrQ$?3<H~`NW&9Y
T O8.roK8&5lk,"b$bNGO Y-Ba-Cu-O G 92 K r-?7F$
k#^?"Bi OKfY[}-,.5/"TsO, Bi OKfYF/$#=N?
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d PLD !JIKhjk=r[~5;k?aNbAJ!`r,WH9k#l}
Bi O6A3NO 4}~KfYF"6A3E.NQ9HJk Cu-O L}~N.
9,soKa/"v$?DuNk=,nilk#?DuNk=O5L5lkH
VmC/X,ul"#jjr/37d9$H$&-Arw(F$k?a"dro~QNI`H7FbtK6A3NN`AHJk4vrm~7".h}H!#2

*J5dr+jV9 PIT(Powder In Tube) !H$&}0GJ1K 4}~K[~7"RE OKfYFFWK9\J~`,=nG-k#=_GO km *<@<N~`,L:G-kh&KJCF$k,"P9k RE Obt/bKO9\~`,=nD=KJkH5lF$k#
Bi ON@=*6A3N@,"W&9Y T , 30 K G"k Bi Sr CuO (Bi-2201)
H"95 K N Bi Sr CaCu O (Bi-2212)"110 K N Bi Sr Ca Cu O (Bi-2223) ,8_9k#3N&A"Gb-QG"kNOW&9YNb$ Bi-2223 XG"j"Bi2212 Oc9b'&GNC-,b06A3Nr#+K?03H+i"d`!GN
dQ,D=G"j"+Db$W&E.rbCF$k 20 K GNxQ,M(ilF$k#l}"Bi-2223 O=Nb$W&9Y+ic9h+iUNbG9Y<^GN-$9YhGN~QrknK$l&f+/,JailF$k#^?"Bi-2223 O
Bi rt,*K Pb GV99k3HKhCF.*JBj-,@ilkH$&3H,NilF$k?a"B]O (Bi,Pb)-2223 H$&AGQ$ilk3HKJk#
3Nh&K"9\~`H7FO Y O"Gd Ob96A3NHfYF Bi O@=*
6A3N,6AN39Hd~`C),FWH$&@G~`~QK,7F$kH$("^? Bi ON6A3NNfGO~QK]7F~QOO"?Q39HH$&@G=J,GO Bi-2223 ,6A39\~`N`AH7F,7F$kH$(k#Bi O@=*6A3NNC'H7F"EL(Mk.<)Y,.5/"TsK
s0O,e$H$&3H,s2ilk#=N?a"Bi @=*O6A3NO'&
NFAru1d9$#CKb9b'&<K*$FN'+/j<W [4℄ NFAO
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2

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2

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H=7?H-N n r6A3NNBQ-r=G9kX8N 1 DG"k n M,b9b'&fGOCKc$H$&C-r(7F$k#J*"3NH-N E OE&p`"J O E rQ$FjA5l?W&E.)YG"k#n M,c$6xO'+/
j<WNFA,hjg-$3HKC("W&E.)YNM,-/,[7F$k
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3

asHN=<;<8s0JI,FA7F$kHM(ilF$k#0R7? PIT!rQ$F Bi O~`O=n5lF$k,"2 !FkNJ,GC5Fk!r3~
9k3HG~`N I ,~e9k3H,o+CF*j"=_OC5Fk!NG,=,J5lkh&&f5lF$k#
1.3

Bi-2223~`N=n}!

Bi O6A3NO[}-,x7/" 4N3R<ls99,;$?a"v$?D

k=r 4[~5;"k=VNkgr/ak,W,"k#3l,B=G-lP
b$ J r}D Bi O~`,=nG-kh&KJkHM(ilF$k#0R7?
H*j"3lr!#*KB=D=JN, PIT(Powder In Tube) !G"k#
1.3.1

PIT

!

Bi O~`N=n}!O"/+vi+i PIT !,Q$ilF-?#PIT !HO"dINfK Bi 6A3NN`AHJk@=*N>F-4vr<67"-~"5dr+jV7FF<WuKC)7?e"8..h}rT$"dIGo~5l?~`rn=9kH$&bNG"k#3N?aL>d7<9!HbFPl"~`+Hbd7<9~`HFPlk#3Nh&K7F1D~,nilk,"~`N6
A3uVNBj=N?aKO?D~=,,WG"j"=N?aK PIT !GO8..h}rT&0K"kxYC)7?]~r+MFFYdINfK^~7"1
D~1MN)xr+jV7F$/#!K PIT !Khkd7<9~`NlL*Jn=Wm;9H=N5Wr(9#@=*N>F-4v iL5l?@=*d:=*r>F-KhCFFk5;"=
NeU$FG-k4vKO Bi-2212 rgjH7F"Ca"Cu"Pb JIr^`=g*,8.5lF$k#
4vN<6&C) dIK>F-7?4vr<67"]@$9rQ$FN~z-"Bm<kGN5dJIrT$Y~=rT&#3lG1D~,Phe,j"?D~=rT&?aK"dINfK1D~rgLK+MF^~9k#
3lr?Y++jV7?D~=,0;9k#4

^ 1.1: PIT !5W^
5dHFk ^K"kh&K"FkWm;9H5dWm;9O?Yb+jV5
lk#1 Y\N5dGOF<WuK7?~`r 1 !Fk7"Bi-2223 k=
r.95;"FS5drT&#Fk~K6A3H%N)Y,c<7F$k,"5dKhjF<WbNk=,)KJkH&K"5LKhCFk=[~,=m&H$& Bi ONC'N?aK"k=[~N~ebTolF$k#
3Ne 2 !FkrT$ Bi-2223 k=31NNkgr/ak#3liN)x
r+jV7F$-"b J N~`,@ilk#.h}KD$F Bi-2212 GO"t,O;,/3k 880 n+i 900 n^G9Yr
e:5;"10A1 n/~VN.YG9Yr<_5;F$/3HG~`N95}~Kk=,[~7kg-Nb$H%,@ilk#Bi-2223 O1MN}!
GOO;,/3kH1~KH%N,r,/3CF7^&?aTg,-$#
PIT !GO4vuN6A3N`ArQ$WNfKMakH$&)x,"k,"3lO Bi O6A3N,;i_C/9G"k?a"x7//YKg1k#=N?a!#*/YN~edDH&-r~`K?(k?aNd/`H7FNU#r}CF$k#|,l6A3uV,ulF7^C?~"E.Q9H7F//3H+i~`NBj-N~eKbW%7F$k#7+7"Fk~K Bi O,Bj=9kb9"b;Y@G7O$NroKQ("@Gr)a9k`ANbNGJ1l
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5

=-"@G)a-"b$E$A3(JINLG%l?G`G"kH1~K"F
k~KbtN6A3N`AH?~7F7^&H$&dj,J/"1MNroKvFO^k< (Cu) db (Au) HfYFFWKC)G-"39HLG!CF$k?aG"k#7+7B]NH3mOd@1GO/YKTB,Dk?a"~1N?aKdgb,Q$ilF$k#?@7:Cb0O Bi-2223 H?~9kh&J
bNO|07"Mg"Sb"Mn"Cu JI,udHJCF$k [5℄[6℄#^?"~`r?D=9k3HKhCF1D~KfYF~`N/YN~e"D
H&-dhKRY?LjBj-N~e"r.E.rwE9k]K/3kr.;:Nc:JI,s2ilk#7+7~`bK*1k7<9`Nf(,e,k?
a J Nc<Or1ilJ$#=N?a7<9`H6A3XNf(rM(FC)
7J1lPJiJ$#
3Nh&K7F Bi-2223 9\~`,=n5lku@,"PIT !KhCF)n5lk~`Kdj,J$o1GOJ$#5dWm;9G~`bNU#iasH
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3liNU#iasHbK88kuVO~`NC-"CK J rc<5;k6x
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c<N6xHJCF$k#
1.3.2

C5Fk!:CT-OP(ConTrolled-Over Pressure)

0aGRY?Lj"Bi-2223 9\~`=nK*1k PIT !KOG,=N>O,"j"Bi-2223 6A3~`NC-~eN>OO^@^@D5lF$k#PIT !
K*$FC-Nh$ Bi-2223 ~`r=n9k?aKEWJ)xO5dHFkW
m;9G"k,"3NH-/iC/,FkG$|G-kxYK 2 !5drT$"k=r)JuVKaE1U#iasHbN)Yrc<5;:K 2 !FkrT&,W,"k#3N 2 !FkN]KFkfK,9 (Th-,9\@G) Khk05
r~`Ky}*KuC9k}!r3~9k3HG"5d~K88k/iC/N$|H"FkKhCF88kudNCGrlYKT&3HNG-kC5Fk!
(CT-OP:ConTrolled-Over Pressure)[7℄ ,+/5lF$k#3NH-N,95O
6

15 MPaA30 MPa G)f5lF$k#
1.3.3

CT-OP

NzL

Bi-2223 6A3~`=nK*1k PIT !NFkWm;9K CT-OP r3~9k3

HKhCFqN*K@ilkzLKD$FRYF$/#!
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FU#iasHjP)Yr+kH">hN PIT !G=n5l?~`O"2!5dN]KO 93% NjP)YG"C?,"2 !FkrT&3HG 83% x
YKc<7F$?#l} CT-OP r3~9k3HGjP)YO[\ 100%
N~`,=n5lk#3lhj"/iC/dudNdj,rC5lF$k
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iasH Bi-2223 jP)Y,[\ 100% G"kH$&kLHblW9k#
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Bi-2212 jN^^lkdgO 33% [I+i 28% xY^G:/7F$k3
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iNk=[~N:lr+kH">hN[~N:lO 10 Ye@C?NKP
7F"CT-OP r3~9k3HG 9.7 YxYHJj")YN}CKhjU#
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F$kH$(k#k=3kg MO(Magneto-Opti al imaging) !KhkkLhj"CT-OP N3~
Khj/iC/yNdj,rC5lF$k@1GOJ/"U#iasHb
Nk=31NNkg,//JCF$k3H,o+k#
W&E.C- ;\~`G_?>h!KhCF=n5l?~`H CT-OP r3~
7?~`NU#iasHGLQ"?jNW&E.)YO"df 1.5 N~`
G 26.0 kA/ m +i 37.0 kA/ m K"df 2.2 N~`G 32.3 kA/ m +i 40.0 kA/ m K~e7F*j"30% JeNW&E.C-N~e,+~ak#!#*/Y zC%jn3Khk~`N!#*/YN>AKhkH"W&E.C-,t=7OakzC%j~OO>h!G=n5l?~`H CT-OP r3~7?~`HGO"df 1.5 N~`G 85 MPa +i 144 MPa K"df 2.2
N~`G 106 MPa +i 167 MPa K~e7F$k#df 1.5 N CT-OP ~`NzC%j~O,df 2.2 N>h!~`NzC%j~Ohjb$3H+i"U#iasH)YN~eN_Ji:"=lKhCFzC%jKhki
Y,++C?]Kud"/iC/JIN~UKfYFe$t,,J/J
j"e$t,K~ON8f,/3j4NNzC%j~Orc<5;k3H,J/JC??a@HM(ilk#3N3H+i CT-OP 3~KhjU#
iasHN/Y+N,~e7?HWolk#
2 !Fk)xK CT-OP r3~9k3HG"e-Nh&J~`NQ=,sp5l
F$k [8℄[9℄#^HakH"
 J "I N~e (jP)YN~e" 4[~-N~e"ekgN~1)
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2

2

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29

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j"VNB~G=5l?0iUO"10 XN@VkQs1<-3$kNbGkr
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0B"b5r6A3^0MCHN#!K7(?=lN$I3$kGN FEM rO
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OkLGOCK4}~,[NAu,[JCF*j"f4t,GN'+)Y,Q
s1<-?KfYFg-/JCF*j"=NQ=NYg$bg-$#3lO"=
lN$I?HQs1<-?NE.N.lkuVNc$Khkf{UaG/89
k'+)YNs?,[Jk3H,6x@HM(ilk#E.O6A3~`b4
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kLr+kBjGO"g^+J,[Aud'+)YNMrI_hkKO=,J:Y@HWolk#=N?a"Qs1<-?bGkH=lN$I?bGkN:
Y+i88?,[AuN9GOJ/"Qs1<-?'+)YNs?t,HJk
E.Q9,b5}~Ku41Nh&J=$KJCF$kH$&^0MCHNA
uN9,"Qs1<-?H=lN$I?N'+)Y,[AuN9HJCF$k
H$(k#^?"'+)YNQlJuVr+F_kH"B}~KX7F"^0MCH
Nf4+i3$kbIK,j@,\09kKDlF'+)YOg-/JCF$/,"f4+i 24 mm N@Gs 3% Nm9HJCF$k#5iK,j@r^
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33

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s 5% g-/JCF$k#^?"4}~G+kHf{N'+)YHm9 5% N
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JkbNN"'+)YNQl-H$&@GO%lF$kH$&3H,o+k#34

Chapter 4^Ha#sN Bi-2223 6A3~`rQ$?^0MCHO"77.3 K "+J'lfK*$F
147 A NW&E.r}D Bi-2223 ~`rQ$F 10 XN@VkQs1<-3$k
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K*1kUNbGNadQuVG"k 65 K GN0nGO"W&E.O 78.4 A H
JC?#^?"10 A "~Ht 10 Hz Nr.E.ZS 15.2 A N>.E.H 0.2 A "300 Hz Nr.E.NEvE.rLE7?H-"59HAuNE5r,j9k
3H,G-?#3lO$sT<@s9,<=3M/?Nq3 93  KP7F
300 Hz Nr.E.LE~K^0MCHNj"/?s9, 60 HJj"[\$sT<@s9,j"/?s9Gjailk3H+i3Nh&JkLKJC?H
M(ilk#=n7?^0MCHOr.E.GN0nKP~7F$kH$(k#l}"=n7?^0MCHNt5r5K7?rObGkrn=7"-BWG!
(FEM) rQ$FbGkrrO7">.E. 1 A rLE7?]N'+)Y,[
r3P7?#f4GN'+)YO 9.56 mT "3$kr=.9k~`KP7Fb>K++k'+)YNGgMO 6.19 mT G"C?#Bi-2223 ~`rO8aH7
F"b96A3~`O=Nk==$+i 4}~rS/'+)Y"9JoA~`NLrb>KS/'&fGNW&E.KhCF0nB&,hj5lk3H+
i"3NkLrQ$F 6.19 mT / A Nm<Ii$srn.7"^0MCHK
Q$ilF$k~`H18W&E.r}D~`N B-I C-rHCF"^0MC
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35

YOs 0.7 T KJC?#7+7"W&E.NB,MHfYF=,M,.5/JC
F*j"B]KOW&E.Ng-$B,GO=,JeNf4'+)Y,/87
F$kHWolk#>.E.LE~N^0MCHbtN'+)YN,[N,jrTC?#77.3 K <G 1 A N>.E.rLE7?]N^0MCH4}~"B}~KP9k'+)Y
H"Qs1<-H=lN$INbGk+i-BWG!rQ$FW;7?'+)
YN,[O^ 3 Nh&KJCF$k#,[+i"f{GN'+)YOQs1<?N[&,=lN$I?hj4}~NQlY,b$3H,@(k#3lOQs
1<-?N^0MCHN=.,"E.Q9HJk3$kX,V,41?uVGQ_EJCF$k?a"f4UaXN'+)YNs?,.5/JCF$k?a@H
Wolk#^?"'+)YNQ=r_kH"B}~r+kH"f4+i 24 mm N
@Gf4'&+iNm9Os 3% HJCF$k#4}~GO"^0MCHNf4
t,N'+)YNm9 5% NOOOf{rf4H7? 28.7 mm NOOHJCF$k#3lHfS7F=lN$I?NbGkr FEM rO7?kLN'+)Y,[r+kHCK4}~GNf4HNm9 5% NOOOf4+i 18.3 mm NO
OH"f4UaGN'+)YNQlY,Qs1<-?KfYFc/JCF$k##s=n7? Bi-2223 6A3~`rQ$?^0MCHO">hN6A33$
kKfYF"0nK39HNb$UNXj&`rH&3HJ/"FWKb'&
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k3HNG-kd`!bPl7F*j"/'&r,WH9klLK*$F"3
Nh&Jb96A3~`rQ$?^0MCHOEu9k8_KJCF$/@m&HWolk#^?"^0MCH+NN0n-=r~eH7F"#sNh&K
Qs1<-?NAuNbNNlgO"~`KGb/$b>'&,iY5lk^
0MCHe<<NQs1<-3$kNC-r~e5;kH$&jJ,M(ilk#?T'&fGOhjg-J'&KQ(ilk?a"<N3$kN_C-Nh$~`rQ$F=.9k3HG39Hr^(F^0MCHNC-r~e5;
k3H,D=G"kHWolk#=7F"^0MCHKQ$ilF$k Bi-2223~`KbC-N~eN>O,"j"=lKhCF^0MCHN.?=dlXN-=~eb+~^lk#36

U\&frT&K"?j"><HK5xK?gJk4X3"u@r:-"</6U7F*j^9#^?"M9Ju@d4X3"4(Or7F:$?.DtqJ
Z5x"Zb!u5K</6U$?7^9#=7F"&f<b0G*$CKJ
j^7?><&f<".Dt&f<j0N'MKb</6Ur$?7^9#
GeK"\&fKHQ7? Bi-2223 6A3^0MCHN=nrTCF$?@$?;'E$)Ht0qRN}9K</6U$?7^9#37

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