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①

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②

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（例）

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1

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① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨５ 試験時間は 60 分です。
６ 試験終了後、問題冊子は回収しますので持ち帰らないでください。〔Ⅰ〕次の英文を読み、以下の各問いに答えよ。
The world’s languages are like endangered animals.
and cities expand.

As human population increases, farmland

Crops grow where there was once forest; animals that live there are then driven

into the small wild areas that remain.

Animal numbers collapse, and some animals may ultimately

disappear. ⑴A similar process threatens many of the world’s languages.
Nobody is absolutely certain, but researchers cite estimates that there are around 6,700
languages spoken in the world today.

The most popular are familiar: *Mandarin Chinese, English,

Spanish, Arabic, and *Hindi are the native languages of hundreds of millions of people and studied
by many more. But most of the 6,700（２）.

They are spoken by only thousands of people.

Not only are there few speakers of these languages, but if we examine who the speakers are, we alsofind that they are largely old people.
These languages are disappearing at a rapid rate. （loss ever.

３）, we are seeing the greatest language

Because most of these languages have no written form, there are no books.

As aconsequence, students are not taught them at school and do not have even an elementary knowledgeof them.

As old people die, the language dies with them.

languages before they disappear.

Researchers are trying to record these

However, most of them exist in remote places, and unfortunately

many of them are disappearing without trace.

Some experts predict that half of the languages

spoken today will be gone by the end of the century.
Why should this be?
suddenly disappear?

Why should a language that has existed for tens of thousands of years

The answer lies in the fact that in our global world, a few primary languages

have come to dominate.

We can call these languages “killer languages”; ⑷English is one of them.

The spread of English around the world proceeded in stages.
English became the official language of administration.
⑸a vital asset.

For local people, knowing English became

English ability came to reflect status and income.

chose an English education for their children.

First came British colonies.

As a consequence, many parents

These children grew up knowing two languages.

Inthe next generation, knowledge of the original language would become poor or lost completely.
Similarly, in today’s world, many people are（ ６）to cities in order to escape severe poverty.

Inthe process, they often adopt a dominant language, which is often English.
*Mandarin Chinese…標準中国語
出典*Hindi…ヒンディー語

In Focus Level 2 Cambridge University Press 一部省略

－ 1 －

問１

下線部⑴、⑸が指すものとして最も適切なものを次のうちから１つずつ選べ。
〔解答番号は 1 ， 2 〕
A similar process⑴

1① 野生動物の数が減らないように森林を開発し、農地や宅地を増やしていく方法② 野生動物が人間の生活環境を脅かし、そこで暮らす人が転居を強いられる経緯③ 人の数が増えるにつれて居住空間が狭くなり、ペットの飼育が困難になる状況④ 人口増加が野生動物の生活圏を奪い、それにより動物の数が減っていく過程
a vital asset⑸

2① 社会における高い地位や十分な収入を得るのに役立つもの② 植民地を統治するための公用語として活用すべきもの③ 海外諸国との貿易活動を円滑にすすめるうえで不可欠なもの④ 高等教育を受けるにあたって学習が義務づけられているもの
問２

空所（２）、（ ３）、（６ ）に入れるのに最も適切なものを次のうちから１つずつ選べ。
〔解答番号は 3 ～ 5 〕（２） ① they can easily find
③ we have never heard of（３） ① In many cases③ In fact（６） ① commuting by car③ helping themselves

問３② people are dependent on④ you can’t do without② In the same way④ In the long run

4a② moving from rural areas④ bringing country lifestyles

下線部⑷の具体的内容として最も適切なものを次のうちから１つ選べ。
⑷

3a5a〔解答番号は 6 〕

English is one of them
① 英語は他の言語の存続に悪影響を及ぼすほど世界中で普及している言語の一つだ。
② 英語は利用価値の高い第二外国語として学習者の人気を集めている言語の一つだ。
③ 英語は構造的に世界中のさまざまな言語の要素が含まれている言語の一つだ。
④ 英語は世界で支配的な地位を占めることを期待されている言語の一つだ。

問４

本文の内容に最もよく合うものを次のうちから１つずつ選べ。
⑴

⑵

（7

〔解答番号は 7 ～ 9 〕）how many languages there are in the world today.

① Nobody has trouble estimating② Researchers are sure of③ There is some doubt about④ There used to be no estimating

Half of the languages spoken today might disappear（① within the twenty-first century② at the end of the next century③ in the early part of this century④ in the latter half of the twenty-second century－ 2 －8）.

⑶A lot of minority languages could become mostly or totally lost because（9）.

① the number of them is too large for researchers to record② old people don’t want to speak them
③ local children cannot easily go to school④ fewer and fewer people speak them each generation
問５〔解答番号は 10 〕

本文の表題として最も適切なものを次のうちから１つ選べ。
① Ways to Earn a High Income② Dominant Languages such as English③ Expansion of the British Empire④ How to Save Endangered Languages〔Ⅱ〕次の英文の内容と合っているものを次のうちから５つ選べ。解答の順序は問わない。
〔解答番号は 11 ～ 15 〕
Certain birds are, more often than not, considered bad luck, or even a sign of *impending death.
For example, all over the world, both crows and *ravens have some connection to war, and death.
In early times, crows and ravens were thought to accompany the gods of war, or be signs of the gods’
approaching arrival.

This idea later changed. Crows in particular were thought to be *harbingers

of ill fortune or, in some cases, guides to the afterlife.

*Woe be it to the person who saw a single

crow or raven flying overhead, for this was most certainly a *portent of death in the near future.
Interestingly, though potentially bad luck for people individually, the raven is considered to begood luck for the crown of England.

So much so, in fact, that a “raven master” is, even today, an

actual government position in London.

He takes care of the ravens there and also *clips their wings,

ensuring that these birds can never fly far from the seat of the British government.

This way, thekingdom will never fall to ill fortune.
Another bird that is thought to play a part in forecasting the fortunes of people is the swallow.
Depending on how and when it is seen, the swallow can be a harbinger of either good or ill fortune.
Perhaps inspired by the swallow’s red-brown breast, Christian people initially related the swallow
to the death of Jesus Christ.
a portent of death.

Thus, people who saw a swallow fly through their house considered it

Later, however, farmers began to consider swallows signs of good fortune.

*barn that has swallows living in it is sure to be blessed in the following year.

Any

Farmers also haveto beware of killing a swallow; that would be certain to end any good luck they might have had.
Though many people think these superstitions are *old wives’ tales, there is actually someevidence to support them.
aftermath of battles.
an area.

For example, crows and ravens, being *scavengers, appear at theThus, large numbers of crows and ravens could be good indications of war in

As well, swallows feed on insects that can cause infections in cattle.

Thus, a farmer who

has many swallows in his barn may actually have healthier animals on his farm. Therefore, thenext time you feel inclined to laugh at an old wives’ tale, maybe you had better find out if there is
any truth to it first!
－ 3 －*impending…差し迫った*harbinger…前触れ*raven…カラス（野山に生息する大型のカラス）*Woe be it to ～…～に災いあれ*portent…（凶事の）前兆*clip ～…～を短く切る*old wives’ tale…馬鹿げた迷信*barn…納屋*scavenger…ゴミを食べる生きもの

出典 Reading Challenge Second Edition 3 Compass Publishing Japan① かつては、カラスが姿を現すことは不吉な出来事の前触れだと信じられていた。
② 昔の人はカラスが頭上を飛んでいるのを見て、だれかが近くで死んだと思った。
③ イギリスでは、カラスは幸運をもたらす鳥として王室で飼われている。
④ ロンドンから逃げ出さないように、カラスの世話を担当する役人がいる。
⑤ ツバメをどこでだれと見たかによって、人々は幸運にも不幸にもなる。
⑥ キリスト教徒はカラスをイエス・キリストの死と関連づけていた。
⑦ 農夫たちは、ツバメを幸運の象徴とみなし、死なせることのないよう注意している。
⑧ カラスやツバメを含めて、鳥にまつわる迷信はどれも科学的な裏づけがとれていない。
⑨ カラスは戦場での後始末に貢献し、ツバメは家畜に寄生する昆虫を駆除してくれる。

〔Ⅲ〕次の各組の中で、下線部の発音が他の語と異なるものを次のうちから１つずつ選べ。
〔解答番号は 16 ～ 20 〕
問１

① respect② special③ species④ condemn

16a

問２① loose② frost③ hesitate④ seldom

17a

問３① weather② birth③ thirsty④ twelfth

18a

問４① couple② trouble③ rough④ shoulder

19a

問５

① guitar② award③ chart④ hard20a〔Ⅳ〕次の文中の（）に入れるのに最も適切なものを次のうちから１つずつ選べ。
〔解答番号は 21 ～ 30 〕

問１
問２

I’ll never forget（21① studied② studying② fareShe didn’t want to（① discover

問４We（24④ to studying22）.

④ rate）her secrets to others.

23③ reveal④ demand）completed the project and held a party to celebrate it last night.
② successfully

My friend passed me（① other③ price② promote① shamefully
問５③ to study

If you don’t pay the bill by Monday, you’ll be charged a late（① fee問３）at this university for the past four years.

25③ hopefully④ regretfully）piece of bread.

② another③ many－ 4 －④ a few

問６

They didn’t realize（① how

問７

You（③ whether27④ what）as the weather is good.

③ far④ long）have made a lot of effort because you passed the entrance exam.

28② should

What a mess!
① cleaned

問 10

② why
② early① can’t
問９）interesting the results could be.

The soccer game will be held this Sunday as（① well

問８26

It’s high time you（
② to be cleaned③ must）this room thoroughly.

29③ clean

The flight to London has been cancelled（① despite② as to④ ought④ cleaning）mechanical failure.

30③ directly④ due to〔Ⅴ〕次の会話文を完成させるために最も適切なものを次のうちから１つずつ選べ。
〔解答番号は 31 ～ 35 〕
問１

A: Did you hear about the weather tomorrow?
B: No.

Is it going to snow?

A: Quite the opposite.
B: （31It’s going to get up to 20℃.

）

① I won’t need my coat.

② We’ll need to stay home.

③ That’s really a bad weather.

④ It’ll be a typical winter day.

問２ A: The store is closed.

Where can we get some ice cream?

B: How about the convenience store across from the station?
A: Right, that one is open 24 hours.
B: （32）① I’m sorry to be late.

② It’s already closed.

③ I don’t think I can.

④ Let’s go there then.

問３ A: Excuse me, when is the next train to Kyoto?
B: （33）

A: But I thought there was one at 10 : 00.
B: I’m afraid you’ve just missed it.
① Here comes a taxi.

② Not for another hour.

③ The trip takes forty minutes.

④ The station is over there.

－ 5 －

問４

A: Good morning. Welcome to the ABC Hotel. May I help you?
B: Good morning.
A: （34I want to check in.

）

B: Yes, under Yamada Taro.
① Do you have a reservation?

② Do you have any Japanese staff?

③ Are you booked up for tonight?

④ Can I have your room number?

問５ A: Hi, Jane.
B: （35I saw you play in your band yesterday.

）

A: Your drum playing has really improved.
B: Thanks.

I practice two hours a day.

① Isn’t my drum nice looking?

② Do you know our band members?

③ What did you think?

④ How do you like our guitarist?

〔Ⅵ〕次の英文が日本語の内容を表すように下の①～⑤を並べ替えたときに、２番目と４番目に来るものを次のうちから１つずつ選べ。ただし、文頭に来る語も小文字で書いてある。
〔解答番号は 36 ～ 45 〕
問１

問２

あの靴を履かないでいつもどおりに踊れますか。
Can you（）（① without② usual）（37）those shoes?

）（

③ as

④ dance⑤ wearing）（）（② do39）president of the United States?

）（③ elected④ think⑤ will be

彼の援助がなければ、私たちは事業に失敗してしまうかもしれません。
（）（40① his support

問５38）（

① you

問４）（

だれがアメリカの大統領に選ばれると思いますか。
Who（問３36）（）（② were41）, we might fail in business.

）（
③ for

④ not

⑤ it

彼はある映画について話しましたが、その題名を私は思い出せません。
He talked（）（① of② a movie42）,（）（43）I cannot remember.

）（③ about④ which⑤ the title

私は子どもたちが理解できるようにゆっくり話しました。
I spoke（① that）（44）（② could）（45③ so－ 6 －）（）understand me.
④ the children⑤ slowly