FromBridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies
toEven Broader View of QCD World

Kenta Shigaki（Hiroshima U.

）

International Symposium onClustering as a Window on the Hierarchical Structure of Quantum Systems
31 October 2022, Sendai International Center, Miyagi, Japan

Presentation Outline
nappreciation to collaboration/grant– “dynamics to bridge quark and hadron hierarchies”

project goals and outcomen ALICE “run 3” started in 2022n

– new detectors toward e + µ Aufheben– physics status and prospects

multi-visional approach to QCD phenomenan summary and concluding remarks
n2022/10/31From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

1/30History/Hierarchy of Universe/Matter

2022/10/31

14 by

CLUSHIQ 2022

1 bystar/galaxy formation

1012 satom formation

102 s

nuclei synthesis

10-6 squark confinement
anti-quark annihilation
quark pair production

0.00 sBig Bang

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

2/30Mission in This Collaboration/Grant
ndynamics to bridge quark and hadron hierarchies

2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

3/30

Between Quark/Hadron Hierarchiesnwhat: two main dynamics!
– quark and gluon confinement into hadron– hadron mass generationnhow: relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions– unique and established experimental tool

where: CERN LHC ALICEn when: “run 3” in 2022 (originally 2021)–2024
n who: A01 research team of this “innovative” grantn2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

4/30

Project Scope and Membersn

new forward tracking detector– principal investigator Kenta Shigaki (Hiroshima)– research collaborator Yorito Yamaguchi (Hiroshima)nmain tracking detector upgrade– co-investigator Taku Gunji (Tokyo)ndata handling scheme upgrade– co-investigator Hideki Hamagaki (Nagasaki IAS)n

computing grid core facilities– co-investigator Tatsuya Chujo (Tsukuba)– project researcher Masanori Ogino (Hiroshima)nconducting experiment, physics analysis– everyone listed above– research collaborator Maya Shimomura (Nara Women’s)
2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

5/30

RHIC
RHIC ® LHC

Hadron ⇄ Quark/Gluon Round Trip

F. Karsch,
Lect. Notes Phys. 583, 209 (2002)

RHIC
RHIC ® LHC

2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

6/30

Quark/Gluon (De-)Confinement

deconfinement

hadronconfinement(hadronization)

quark/gluon

exotic hadron2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

7/30Unique Mechanism of Q/H Transitiondifferent mechanisms of hadron productionn quark recombination/coalescencen– s quark chemical potential ~ 0 at RHIC/LHC– late recombination up to c quarks (e.g. J/y) at LHC

B. Z. Kopeliovich et al.,Int. J. Mod. Phys. E18, 1629 (2009)nquark pair production (color string fragmentation)nsuitable for exotics, e.g. multi-s/c/b systems
2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

8/30

(Hadronic) Mass Generation
ntotal mass = sum of components’ masses?
original cartoon from T. Hatsuda

astronomicalobjects
universematter

quark
proton5%dark matter 27 %dark energy 68 %2022/10/31

quark instandard modelquarks

quark mass

1%

chiral symmetry breaking

quark mass instandard model = 0
BEH mechanism

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

9/30Unique Dynamics at Q/H Transitionchiral symmetry restorationn “observed” in finite density regimen– φ, ω in nuclei via pA (KEK E325)
nthough apparent contradiction to CB-ELSA/TAPS and CLAS-G7– π in nuclei via (d, 3He)

R. Muto et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 042501

nno evidence in high temperature regime yet– challenging di-lepton measurements
2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

10/30Hadron Mass (Spectral) Modification
light vector mesons (ρ, ω, φ): beloved probe– good old simple scenarios– more complicated spectral modification
VacuumΡV , A !s"#s

0.08

T"100 MeV
VectorAxial#vector

0.06

T"140 MeV

VectorAxial#vector

VectorAxial#vector

0.04

0.02

0.00

T"150 MeV"

0.08

T"160 MeV

T"170 MeV

VectorAxial#vector

VectorAxial#vector! "#Vector
Axial#vector

0.06! "#

ΡV , A !s"#sn

0.04

0.02

0.00
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

s !GeV2 "

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

s !GeV2 "

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

s !GeV2 "P.M.Hohler et al., J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 535, 012024 (2014)

Figure 4. Finite-temperature vector (black curve) and axialvector (red curve) spectral functionsfollowing from minimizing Eq. (14) for the axialvector and dV for the vector.
2022/10/31
From
Bridging by
Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki
the LHS are
defined! ∞11/30

mixing and the other does not. Both the spectral functions√ChiralMixingandDegeneracy
effects of V-A mixing can be seen as a shoulder at s =√above s = Ma1 + mπ .
n ρ(770) vs a1(1260), ω(782) vs f1(1285)
M. Harada and C. Sasaki, arXiv:1003.0331

0.06
0.04
0.02

0.06
0.04
0.02

00.20.40.6sn0.08

22

ImGV [GeV ]2

ImGV [GeV ]

0.08

0

T/Tc=1.0
0.9
0.8
0.60.1ImGV [GeV ]w/ V-Aw/o V-A

0.1

1/2

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

00

[GeV]

long time favorite of theorists

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1/2

[GeV]

s1

1.2

1.4

Fig. 1. Left figure shows the vector spectral function at temperature
thoughthe
additional
challenges
curve –includes
effect of experimental
V-A mixing, while
the dashed (green) curvshows
the focus
spectralwith
function(optionresolution(A)) for mπand= 140
MeV at severn new
improved
statistics
1.0. The right figure shows the vector spectral function (option (B))
From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki
12/30(I) at2022/10/31
temperature
T /Tc = 0.8.

Most Energetic Heavy Ion Collisions
n5 TeV per nucleon-nucleon pair at CERN LHC– latest Pb+Pb in 2018 (run 2 = 2015–2018)– 25 times higher than at BNL RHIC

ndesign energy at 5.5 TeV in near future2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

13/30

A Large Ion Collider Experiment
the nucleus-nucleus collision experiment at LHC
n 40 countries; 172 institutes; ~2,000 members
nCMSLHCb

ALICE

2022/10/31

ATLAS, LHCf

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

14/30

Where We Standn

LHC: hotter, larger, longer-lived, purer fireball– cf. RHIC: systematic studies (collision species, energy)

nALICE: dedicated to nucl.-nucl. physics and probes← based on knowledge at AGS, SPS, RHIC

– wide kinetic coverage down to low pT– well-identified hadron, lepton, photon measurements

example:J/ψ acceptancein Run 1 p+Pbncore player through 2030 (and beyond)2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

15/30

LHC Run Schedule (after Covid-19)
7.0 TeV proton beam p+p, p+Pb, Pb+Pb
LHC luminosity upgrade
ALICE upgrade & speeding up
ALICE LS2 progress

Run 3LHC high luminosity upgrade
ALICE upgrade

The present LS2 master plan foresees the conclusion of the upgrade installationand closure of the vacuum by June 2021, followed by 4 months of global commissioning.

This Project/Grant

This leaves 3 months of contingency with respect to the cavern closure on Feb. 2022.

The pilot run in Sept. 2021, that takes place in the middle of the ALICE global commissioning period
is an excellent opportunity for a full test of the upgraded ALICE detector and the new online data processing chain.
All major components for the ALICE LS2 upgrade are at CERN,
so ALICE is mildly confident that the impact of the Covid-19 crisis can be kept under control.

LS2 Master Plan

3 months contingency

Run 42022/10/31

7.0 TeV proton beam
p+p, p+Pb, Pb+Pb

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

16/30

Run 3 (2022–2024) Upgradesn

new inner tracking system– 7 layers of MAPS silicon pixel detectors– precise measurement of displaced verticesnn

to separate charm/beauty mesons

new TPC readout chambers– GEM technology with no gating grid– ~100 times higher data taking rate (50 kHz in Pb+Pb)
ncontinuous readout without triggeringnMuon Forward Tracker (MFT)nintegrated online/offline data handling (O2)2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

17/30

Dielectrons (Japanese Specialty)nresults from ALICE runs 1, 2 (2009–2018)

ALICE,
Phys. Lett. B 788, 505 (2019)
Phys. Rev. C 99, 024002 (2019)nvery challenging S/B ratio in Pb+Pb
2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

18/30

Low Mass (Low pT) Dimuons at ALICEnclean low mass (f, w, r) µ+µ- measurement– new challenge toward low pT with upgraded detector

nto be combined with more traditional e+e-

2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

19/30

Aufheben of e + µ Measurementsn

two interesting regimes of quark-gluon phase– exploration on QCD phase diagramnnew opportunity via muons at LHC (and above)– not too forward for “central” physics– technically forward enough for muon measurement
2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

20/30

Muon Forward Tracker (2022–)
nprecise vertex and invariant mass measurements
TrackerTrigger𝝻MFT𝝻Hadron
Absorber

DipoleDipole

2022/10/31

Iron Wall

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

21/30

MFT Physics Goals at a Glancenseparated open heavy flavors

ALICE, MFT LOI,CERN-LHCC-2013-014– D→ µpT > 0–1 GeV/c– B→µpT > 2 GeV/c
6.6 Physics casereview andJ/ψpT update> 0 GeV/c71

separated quarkonia

n the combinatorial pairs are produced at finite distances from the primary vertex, in the directionof the Muon Spectrometer.

– prompt/secondary J/ψ, ψ(2S), Υ(1S/2S/3S)

nlow mass di-muon
104

Data
J/ψ prompt
J/ψ from B
BackgroundTotal

0 < pT < 1 GeV/c

ALICE Upgrade

2 < pT < 3 GeV/c

1 < pT < 2 GeV/c

104

4

10– chiral symmetry restoration

103

10ρ, ω, φ → µ＋µ− mass
spectra102103

Lint = 10 nb-1sNN = 5.5 TeV

0-5% Pb-Pb

2.5 < y < 3.6102n103
2– QGP thermal radiation
101011110

n prompt µ＋ µ− continuum-8 -6 -4 -202468tz [ps]-8 -6 -4 -2

02

468tz [ps]-8 -6 -4 -202

468tz [ps]2,2022/10/31
FromonBridging
Quark tand
Hadron Hierarchies
to Evenof QCD World
22/30
Figure6.21: Fit
the totalin theJ/Broader
massView
window
3.0 <– K.
mShigakiz distributionµµ < 3.2 GeV/cin three p bins down to zero p (cfr Figure 2.17 of [4]).

Muon Forward Tracker Designn

2.45 < -h < 3.6– -z = 460–768 mm

n0.4 m2 of MAPS silicon pixel sensors– 28 µm×28 µm pixel– 0.35% X0 per layern

10 sensitive layers– 5 double sided disks

precise vertexing capability for forward muonsn Pb+Pb ~50 kHz, p+p ~200 kHzn2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

23/30

Snapshot at CERN (before Covid-19)
Motomi Oya (HU PhD student) Yorito Yamaguchi (HU Proj. Assist. Prof. → Assoc. Prof.)

2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

24/30

Examples of Other Outcomen

GEM for time projection chamber (Tokyo)ncomputing grid Tier 2 sites (Hiroshima, Tsukuba)– enhanced worker nodes, storage, band width2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

25/30

ALICE Run 3 Physics Status/Prospectsnfirst p+p collisions at 13.6 TeV on 5 July 2022
ALICE Run 3 Physics
Status/Prospects
p+p at 13.6 TeV
nfirst p+p collisions at 13.6 TeV on 5 July 2022
cosmic data taking

p+p at 13.6 TeV~400 hours of data taking so far
n all upgraded detectors working welln all upgraded detectors workingncosmic data taking– performanceandandphysics
plotsyetyet
to publicize– performancephysics plots
to publicize(sorry) (sorry!)e+e- invariant massnµ+µ- invariant mass

-1 by 2030
~100 times
integrated luminosity
luminosity 13 13
nb-1 by~100n times
integrated
nb20302022/10/31

2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

26/30

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

26/30

(A Lot of) High Energy QCD Projects
ALICE 3

NA60+

ALICE

beamsPHENIX
2022/10/31

CBM
From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

J-PARC-HI
27/30

International QCD Frontier Initiative
nbeing proposed to Science Council of Japan– Y. Goto, T. Gunji, T. Saito, K. Shigaki, and many more
LHC, RHIC, SPS
HighTemperature
QCD

High Energy
QCDEICHigh Density
QCDInternationalQCD Frontier
Initiative

Computational
QCD

lattice, hydro, …

2022/10/31

FAIR, J-PARC-HI

QCD Theory

effective, non-equilibrium, non-linear, …

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

28/30

e.g. Multi-Visional Approach to Massnchiral symmetry breaking ~ quark condensate– relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisionsn

ALICE, STAR, sPHENIX, NA60+, CBM, ALICE 3, J-PARC-HI, …

– ρ, ω, φ, a1, f1, … modification + degeneracy
ntrace anomaly ~ gluon condensate– electron–nucleus collisions
nEPIC– gluon exchange e.g. with J/ψ, Υ
image credit:
DESY/HERA/ZEUS

must represent single physics at different angles
n toward comprehensive understanding of QCD
n2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

29/30Summary and Concluding Remarks
ndeconfined quarks: most fundamental hierarchy– accessible only via relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions

nunique dynamics bridging quark-hadron hierarchies– quark/gluon confinement into hadron→ next talk by Y. Yamaguchi– hadron mass generation
nALICE at LHC exploring quark physics frontier– upgraded run started in 2022 toward x 100 higher ratephysics outcome to broom in next decade(s)n multi-visional approach to QCD phenomenan– cf. int’l high energy QCD frontier initiative plan
2022/10/31

From Bridging Quark and Hadron Hierarchies to Even Broader View of QCD World – K. Shigaki

30/30