➨127ᅇỈ㐨ᢏ⾡᠓ヰ఍CREST◊✲㡿ᇦ䛂ᣢ⥆ྍ⬟䛺Ỉ฼⏝䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛㠉᪂ⓗ䛺ᢏ⾡䛸䝅䝇䝔䝮䛃ᆅୗᗘ⎔ቃ䜢⪃៖䛧䛯ᆅୗỈಖ඲CREST◊✲ㄢ㢟ࠥᆅᅪ⇕䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊฼⏝䜢⪃៖䛧䛯ᆅୗỈ⟶⌮ᡭἲ䛾㛤Ⓨࠥ◊✲ᮇ㛫䠖ᖹᡂ22ᖺ10᭶䡚ᖹᡂ28ᖺ3᭶ᑠᯇ ⓏᚿᏊᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉1◊✲䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾⫼ᬒ䞉┠ⓗᆅୗᵓ㐀≀ᨺᑕᛶᗫᲠ≀䛾ᆅᒙฎศ㒔ᕷ䝠䞊䝖䜰䜲䝷䞁䝗䞉ࠥே㛫άື䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜛ᆅኚ໬ࠥᬮ໬⌧㇟2ᆅୗᗘኚ໬ (᪥ᮏ)ᮾி䛄Taniguchi et al. (2007): Combined effects of urbanization and global warming
on subsurface temperature in four Asian cities. Vadose Zone Journal䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝኱㜰3ᆅୗ

ᗘኚ໬ (䜸䝷䞁䝎)㻝㻥㻣㻤㻌䊻㻌㻞㻜㻜㻢㻌㻝㻥㻣㻥㻌䊻㻌㻞㻜㻜㻢㻌㻝㻥㻣㻣㻌䊻㻌㻞㻜㻜㻢㻌

䛄Kooi (2008): Spatial variability in subsurface warming over the last three decades; insight from repeatedborehole temperature measurements in the Netherland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝4ᆅ୰⇕䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥䠄GSHP䠅䠖෭ᡣ฼⏝᫬
GSHP : Ground Source Heat Pump↓

ASHP : Air Source HP䠄✵Ẽ⇕※HP䠅䛄⎔ቃ┬Ỉ䞉኱Ẽ⎔ቃᒁ䠄2012䠅䠖ᆅ୰⇕฼⏝䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛅䛛䜙ᘬ⏝┬䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䛷䠈CO2᤼ฟ㔞䛾๐ῶ䛺䛹䛻ᐤ୚

5ᆅ୰⇕䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥䠄GSHP䠅䛾✀㢮Closed䝍䝍䜲䝥Open䝍䜲䝥䛄⎔ቃ┬Ỉ䞉኱Ẽ⎔ቃᒁ䠄2012䠅䠖ᆅ୰⇕฼⏝䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝
6◊✲యไ◊✲௦⾲⪅ :ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䞉ᩍᤵ ᑠᯇⓏᚿᏊ(1)ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ㻌 ᑠᯇ䜾䝹䞊䝥䜾䝹䞊䝥䝸䞊䝎䞊䠖ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㻌⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䞉ᩍᤵ㻌ᑠᯇⓏᚿᏊ㻌⇕ⓗ䛛䛟஘䛜ᆅᅪ䛾≀㉁ືែ䛻୚䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛾ゎ᫂䠄ཧຍ◊✲⪅㻤ྡ䠅㻌㻌(2)ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ㻌 ኱す䜾䝹䞊䝥䜾䝹䞊䝥䝸䞊䝎䞊䠖ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㻌⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉䞉ᩍᤵ㻌኱す⣧୍㻌⇕ⓗ䛛䛟஘䛜ᆅᅪ䛾ᚤ⏕≀ྀ䛻୚䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛾ゎ᫂䠄ཧຍ◊✲⪅㻡ྡ䠅㻌㻌(3)᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ㻌 ➉ᮧ䜾䝹䞊䝥䜾䝹䞊䝥䝸䞊䝎䞊䠖᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫᩥ⌮Ꮫ㒊㻌ᆅ⌫䝅䝇䝔䝮⛉Ꮫ⛉䞉෸ᩍᤵ㻌➉ᮧ㈗ே㻌
ᆅ㉁せ⣲䞉ᆅᅪ⇕≉ᛶ䞉ᆅୗỈ䛾┦஫స⏝䛾ホ౯ἲ䛾☜❧䠄ཧຍ◊✲⪅㻤ྡ䠅㻌㻌(4)ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ㻌 ᩪ⸨䜾䝹䞊䝥䜾䝹䞊䝥䝸䞊䝎䞊䠖ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㻌㎰Ꮫ◊✲㝔䞉෸ᩍᤵ㻌ᩪ⸨ᗈ㝯㻌ᆅᅪ⇕䞉ᆅୗỈ฼⏝䛾䛯䜑䛾ᆅᅪ⇕⎔ቃ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁ゎᯒ䠄ཧຍ◊✲⪅㻠ྡ䠅㻌
7ᐇ㦂䝃䜲䝖ᴫせึᖺᗘᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ䠄SU䠅䠄䜻䝱䞁䝟䝇ෆ䠈1⟠ᡤ䠅㻌㻌 䞉㒔ᕷ㏆㑹ᇦ㻌 䞉䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾ᩘ5ᮏ

ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ䠄TAT䠅䠄ᗓ୰䜻䝱䞁䝟䝇ෆ䠈㻌 㻌2⟠ᡤ䠅㻌㻌 䞉㎰ᆅ
㻌 䞉䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾ᩘ8ᮏ᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ䠄NU䠅䠄ୡ⏣㇂䜻䝱䞁䝟䝇ෆ䠈1⟠ᡤ䠅㻌㻌 䞉㒔ᕷᇦ㻌 䞉䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾ᩘ2ᮏ䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾ᑐ㇟䝃䜲䝖䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾Ꮝ䠄ほ ஭䠅タ⨨ึᮇᆅୗ⎔ቃ䛾ᢕᥱ

2ᖺᗘ
௨㝆

GSHP䝅䝇䝔䝮ᑟධ䠄ᇸ኱䞉㎰ᕤ኱䠅㻌⇕ᛂ⟅ヨ㦂ᐇ᪋䠄᪥኱䠅Ỉ 䞉Ỉ఩䠈ᚤ⏕≀άᛶ➼䛾㛗ᮇ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾㛤ጞ

5ᖺᗘ㛗ᮇ⇕䛛䛟஘䛾ཎ఩⨨ホ౯䠄ᇸ኱䞉㎰ᕤ኱䠅

䝃䜲䝖

ᑐ㇟῝ᗘ

ᐇドヨ㦂

ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ

50 m

ᆅ୰⇕䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥䝅䝇䝔䝮
䠄Closedᆺ䠅ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ

50 m

ᆅ୰⇕䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥䝅䝇䝔䝮
䠄Closedᆺ䠈Openᆺ䠅᪥ᮏ኱Ꮫ70 m⇕ᛂ⟅ヨ㦂䠄ཎ఩⨨⇕≀ᛶ್⿦⨨㛤Ⓨ⏝䠅䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾㡯┠ᆅ 䡡Ỉ఩䠈ᚤ⏕≀άᛶ䠈⇕ᛂ⟅䠈≀㉁䠄䜺䝇䞉⁐㉁㢮䠅ືែ䠄඲䝃䜲䝖䠅䠇ᆅ┙ኚ఩䠄㎰ᕤ኱䠅ᐃ8◊✲ᴫせ⌧ሙヨ㦂䠄ᆅ୰⇕䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥䝅䝇䝔䝮䛾ᑟධ䛸㛗ᮇほ䠅䞉䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾䝁䜰ヨᩱศᯒ䞉▷ᮇ⇕ᛂ⟅ヨ㦂䠈㛗ᮇ⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂䞉ᆅୗỈ䝰䝙䝍䝸䞁䜾ᐊෆヨ㦂䠄䝰䝕䝹ᐇ㦂䠅䞉ᗘኚ໬䛜ᆅ┙䛾≀⌮ⓗ䠈໬Ꮫⓗ䠈ᚤ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ䠈ຊᏛⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䜢ㄪ䜉䜛䛯䜑䛾ᐊෆ䝰䝕䝹ᐇ㦂䜢ᐇ᪋䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䝒䞊䝹䛾ᵓ⠏䞉⇕䠈≀㉁⛣ື䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䞊ண 䝰䝕䝹䛾ᥦ᱌䞉䠏ḟඖᆅ㉁䝰䝕䝹䛾ᵓ⠏䞉ᆅᒙ䛤䛸䛾㔜㔠ᒓ䠈ᚤ⏕≀䜲䞁䝧䞁䝖䝸䞊సᡂ䞉Ỉศ䠈⁐㉁䠈⇕⛣ືண 䝰䝕䝹䠋ᆅ┙ᣲືゎᯒ䝰䝕䝹䛾㛤Ⓨ9ㅮ₇ෆᐜ
1. ᆅᅪ⇕䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊฼⏝䛾⌧≧䛸ㄢ㢟
2. ึᮇᆅୗ⎔ቃㄪᰝ
3. ⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂䛻䜘䜛ᆅୗỈ㉁䛾ኚ໬
4. ᐊෆヨ㦂䛻䜘䜛ᗘᙳ㡪䛾ホ౯

5. 䠏ḟඖᆅ㉁ᵓ㐀䝰䝕䝹㻢㻚 ⇕ᛂ⟅ヨ㦂䛾ᩘ್ゎᯒ㻌7. 䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾⤖ᯝ䛸௒ᚋ䛾ணᐃ
8. GSHP䛻㛵䛩䜛䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾౛

10

1. ᆅᅪ⇕䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊฼⏝䛾⌧≧䛸ㄢ㢟

11

GSHP䛾
䛾ᬑཬ≧ἣ䛄⎔ቃ┬Ỉ䞉኱Ẽ⎔ቃᒁ䠄2012䠅䠖ᆅ୰⇕฼⏝䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝12ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ
GSHP฼
฼⏝䛻䜘䜛ᆅୗ⎔ቃ䜈䛾ᙳ㡪
¾ GSHP䛾฼⏝䛻䛚䛡䜛ᆅ ኚ໬䛾ᐇ ౛䛿䠈ᩘ౛䛷䛿䛒䜛䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈䛭䜜䛜ㄏⓎ䛩䜛₯ᅾⓗ䛺⎔ቃ䝸䝇䜽䠄≀⌮ⓗ䞉໬Ꮫⓗ䞉⏕≀ⓗ䝸䝇䜽䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䜋䛸䜣䛹◊✲౛䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䛳䛯䠊
¾ GSHP฼⏝᫬䛾 ᗘ䛻㛵䛩䜛つไ್䜔䠈䝅䝇䝔䝮㛫䛾᭱ᑠ㊥㞳䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈Ḣᕞ䜢୰ᚰ䛻タᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䛭䜜䜙䛿⛉Ꮫⓗ䛺ぢᆅ䛛䜙䛸䛔䛖䜘䜚䛿䜐䛧䜝䠈⤒㦂ⓗ䛺ほⅬ䛛䜙Ỵᐃ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊¾ ᭱㏆䛾ᩥ⊩䠄Haehnlein et al., 2010; Bonte et al., 2011䠅䛻䜘䜛䛸䠈
GSHP䛾฼⏝䛻క䛖⎔ቃ䝸䝇䜽䛿䠈䜎䛰༑ศ䛻⌮ゎ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜙䛪䠈䛭䛾ᣢ⥆ⓗ䛺฼⏝䛻ྥ䛡䛶䛿䠈௒ᚋ䛾⛉Ꮫⓗ䛺◊✲䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛸䠈⤖ㄽ௜䛡䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛄ᩪ⸨䞉ᑠᯇ䠈⥲ㄝ䠖ᆅ୰⇕䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥䛜ᆅୗ⎔ቃ䛻୚䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䠉ᣢ⥆ⓗ฼⏝䛻ྥ䛡䛶䠉䠊ᆅୗỈᏛ఍ㄅ䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝13

2. ึᮇᆅୗ⎔ቃㄪᰝ14

ᆅ㉁⎔ቃㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䠄SU䠖䛥䛔䛯䜎ᕷ䠅ἙᕝᡂᾏᡂἙᕝᡂ♟Ἑᕝᡂ䞉ᇸ⋢༡㒊䛾Ⲩᕝὶᇦ䛾ᆅ┙䛾඾ᆺⓗ䛺䝁䜰䞉♟䜘䜚ୖ఩䛜Holocene (᏶᪂ୡ䠖1୓ᖺ๓)15ึᮇ⇕≀ᛶ್ᐃ⤖ᯝ

SUNU

TAT16

3.⇕⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂䛻䜘䜛ᆅୗỈ㉁䛾ኚ໬17ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ䝃䜲䝖

10m䠄W10䠅

1m
䠄W1䠅

2m
䠄W2䠅

5m䠄W5䠅

ᆅ୰⇕஺᥮ჾ(U䝏䝳䞊䝤⟶)ほ஭18ཎ఩⨨㛗ᮇ⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂䠖13䞃᭶㛫䠄2012.8.10䡚2013.9.10䠅
෭Ỉ䝍䞁䜽䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥ᆅ୰⇕஺᥮ჾ㻌 →䠄U䝏䝳䞊䝤⟶䠅U䝏䝳䞊䝤⟶䛻 Ỉ(40Υ)䜢ᚠ⎔ᆅ┙䛻⇕㈇Ⲵ䜢୚䛘䜛

⇕

⣙50m

ᖏỈᒙ䠄GL-17 m䠅ᖏỈᒙ䠄GL-39 m䠅ほᆅ┙䛻⇕㈇Ⲵ䜢୚䛘䠈ᆅ 䞉ᆅୗỈ㉁䛾ኚ໬䜢ㄪᰝ䛭䛾㝿䠈⇕㈇Ⲵ䛾ᙳ㡪䛜ᖏỈᒙ䛤䛸䛻␗䛺䜛䛾䛛ㄪᰝ䠄㎰ᕤ኱䛷䛿㏻ᖖ䛾HP✌ാ᮲௳䛷ᐇ㦂୰䠅

19஭

ኚ໬

Depth (m)⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓ᚋ䛾ᆅ

W1W2W5W1020⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓ᚋ䛾ᆅኚ໬䠄ᖏỈᒙ䠅

Upper aquifer
䠄GL-17 m䠅

Lower aquifer
䠄GL-39 m䠅

Apr
2012

JulOctJan
2013

Apr

Jul21

ᗘኚ໬ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ (ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ㛗ᮇ⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂)ຍ⇕᫬

1m
W1-1010oTemperature change, 'T [ C]

Temperature change, 'T [oC]2468
100z=-39.5m

ຍ⇕᫬

8W1

6W24W52z [m]-20
0W100wTCswtw ª § wT · º w ª § wT · º w ª § wT · º
Os ¨ ¸  «Os ¨ ¸ » Os ¨ ¸wx ¬« © wx ¹ ¼» wy ¬ © wy ¹ ¼ wz ¬« © wz ¹ ¼»

200

W1o

୕ḟඖ⇕ఏᑟ

150

250

300

10Temperature change, 'T[ C]

-50

100

Time [d]ᅇ᚟᫬W1-30-40

508z = -36 m
6z = -23 m

4z = -17 m
2z = -39.5 m
0020406080100Time [d]U䝏䝳䞊䝤ቨ㠃䠖୍ᐃ⇕䝣䝷䝑䜽䝇 Q=5822W/m⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓ᚋ䛾Ỉ㉁ኚື䠄୺せ䜲䜸䞁, '2&䠅
Na+
30

NH4+

K+

20

Mg2+Ca2+

100300← before
thermal loading

thermalloading →Cl10

HCO3- (mg/L)

250
200

8

HCO3-HCO3-6150
100
50
012/13
2011

4

DOC
DOC
5/3
2012

DOC (mg/L)

Concentration (mg/L)

40

2

9/22
2012

2/11
2013

Upper (GL-17 m): W1

12/13
2011

5/3
2012

9/22
2012

2/11
2013

Lower (GL-39 m): W1

07/3
2013
23⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓ᚋ䛾Ỉ㉁ኚື䠄ᚤ㔞ඖ⣲䠅← before
thermal loading

thermalloading →CrNi

20AsSe10Al
0600

40450

30300

20B

150

10Mn

Si (mg/L)

Concentration (μg/L)

Concentration (μg/L)

30

Fe012/13
2011

5/3
2012

9/22
2012

2/11
2013

Upper (GL-17 m): W1

12/13
2011

5/3
2012

9/22
2012

2/11
2013

Lower (GL-39 m): W1

07/3
2013

Si24⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓ᚋ䛾Ỉ㉁ኚື
䠄ୖ㒊ᖏỈᒙ䠖'2&䠅
8

DOC (mg/L)

64

2

012/132011← before
thermal loading

thermalloading →

5/3
2012

9/22
2012

2/11
2013

7/3201325⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓ᚋ䛾Ỉ㉁ኚື
䠄ୖ㒊ᖏỈᒙ䠖䝩䜴⣲䠅
350
300

B (μg/L)

250

200
150
100
50
012/132011← before
thermal loading

thermalloading →

5/3
2012

9/22
2012

2/11
2013

7/3
2013
26

C / C(W10)95%ᅇᖐศᯒ್
䠄ୖ㝈/ୗ㝈䠅

ほ஭W10䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛯⃰ᗘୖ᪼⋡ᗘୖ᪼⋡䛸⃰ᗘୖ᪼⋡䛾㛵ಀᛶ䠄ୖ㒊ᖏỈᒙ䠖䝩䜴⣲䠅

T / T(initial)⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛯 ᗘୖ᪼⋡27

ᗘୖ᪼⋡䛸⃰ᗘୖ᪼⋡䛾㛵ಀᛶ䠄ୖ㒊ᖏỈᒙ䠅

C / C(W10)

ほ ஭W10䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛯⃰ᗘୖ᪼⋡B䠄increase↑䠅DOC䠄increase↑䠅
K+䠄increase↑䠅T / T(initial)

Mg2+䠄decrease↓䠅⇕㈇Ⲵヨ㦂๓䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛯 ᗘୖ᪼⋡
䛄Saito et al., Groundwater䠄ᢞ✏‽ഛ୰䠅䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝28

䝩䜴⣲⁐ฟヨ㦂㻌䝩䜴⣲⁐ฟ㔞䛾⤒᫬ኚ໬
(17.55䡚17.65m῝ᗘ䝁䜰ヨᩱ)400⃰ᗘ(μg/L)

300
200
100

15Υ

40Υ

15Υ00

100

200

300

400᣺䛸䛖᫬㛫(h)᣺䛸䛖 ᗘ䛜ୖ䛜䜛䛸
B⃰ᗘ䛜ୖ᪼

29ᆅୗỈ䛾⣽⳦ྀኚ໬ (ୖ㒊ᖏỈᒙ)
10 m

7/28
8/23
9/13
10/15
11/7
12/18
3/6
4/1
5/6
5/13
5/22
5/27
6/4
6/17
7/28
8/23
9/13
10/15
11/7
12/18
3/21
4/15
5/13
5/22
5/27
6/4
6/17

1m

䐟

㻌 Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes
㻌 Firmicutes β-proteobacteria
1 m䛾ᆅୗỈ䛻≉ᚩⓗ䛺䝞䞁䝗䐟 Paludibacter propionicigenes䛸㏆⦕䞉 ೫ᛶ᎘Ẽᛶ⣽⳦㻌 䞉 䝥䝻䝢䜸䞁㓟⏘⏕䐠䐠 Clostridium sp. 䛸㏆⦕㻌 䞉 ೫ᛶ᎘Ẽᛶ⣽⳦㻌 䞉 ⬺ሷ⣲࿧྾⳦䜔䝯䝍䞁⏕ᡂ⳦䜢㞟✚㻌 㻌 ᇵ㣴䛧䛯᫬䛻ඹᅾ䛩䜛ᮍศ㞳⣽⳦䛸㻌 㻌 䜒㏆⦕ᗘୖ᪼䛻క䛳䛶䚸᎘Ẽᛶ⣽⳦䛜┦ᑐⓗ䛻ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹᎘Ẽⓗ⎔ቃ䛷䝯䝍䞁⏕ᡂ⳦ (ྂ⣽⳦) 䜒ቑຍ䛧, 䝯䝍䞁䛾Ⓨ⏕㔞䛜ୖ䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒.
᥇ྲྀ᪥䛻䜘䜛ኚ໬䛜኱䛝䛔䛜䚸㛗ᮇ㛫䛾䝟䝍䞊䞁䜢ẚ䜉䜛䛸ኚ໬䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䜛

30

4. ᐊෆヨ㦂䛻䜘䜛ᗘᙳ㡪䛾ホ౯31

㏱Ỉ, ⁐㉁ᣑᩓ, ⁐㉁ศᩓ, ྾╔䞉⬺㞳ヨ㦂⤖ᯝ
㏱Ỉヨ㦂Permeability, k (cm2)

Solute diffusion coefficient , Ds (cm2/s)⁐㉁ᣑᩓヨ㦂

Void ratio, e⁐㉁ศᩓヨ㦂྾╔䞉⬺㞳ヨ㦂Temperaturedependency

Temperature, T (oC)䛄Mon et al., Temperature Effects on Geotechnical Properties of Kaolin Clay: Simultaneous Measurements of Consolidation characteristics,
Shear Stiffness, and Permeability Using a Modified Oedometer. GSTF International Journal of Geological Sciences, 2013䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝ 32ಖᏑ䝁䜰䛾ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ (TAT 24.9 m)
6䞄᭶ᚋᐇ㦂๓5ºC* 25 or 40 ºC䛷㻌 㻌 ቑຍ㻌 ῶᑡ15ºC 25ºC 40ºCBacteroidetes ዲẼᛶᅵተ⣽⳦

Pedobacter sp. B4a-b5 (97%)γPseudomonas sp. AMS8 (100%)

Variovorax sp. Ms18 (100%)β ዲẼᛶᅵተ⣽⳦

Acidovorax defluvii strain SQ77-1 (100%)β ዲẼᛶᅵተ⣽⳦

Herbaspirillum sp. juv973 (99%)β ዲẼᛶ⣽⳦

Rhodobacter sp. Bca28 (99%)αAquamicrobium sp. hun6 (100%)

α ㏻ᛶ᎘Ẽᛶ◪㓟㑏ඖ⳦

Parvibaculum sp. MBNA2 (98%)α ㏻ᛶ᎘Ẽᛶ◪㓟㑏ඖ⳦Polaromonas sp. R3.2 (100%)β ዲẼᛶᅵተ⣽⳦

Sphingobacterium sp. H-12 (97%)

BacteroidetesዲẼᛶ⳦ῶᑡ䠈᎘Ẽᛶ⳦ቑຍ33ᆅ┙ຊᏛⓗ≉ᛶ䜈䛾Temperature
controller

Triaxial compression
test apparatus䝰䝕䝹ヨᩱ䠄䝅䝹䝖䠅䜢⏝䛔䛯 ᗘㄪ⠇ᆺ୕㍈ᅽ⦰ヨ㦂

ᗘ䛾ᙳ㡪㣬࿴୙㣬࿴䝢䞊䜽ᙉᗘ䠄◚ቯ๓䠅ᗘୖ᪼䛸䛸䜒䛻ῶᑡᗘୖ᪼䛸䛸䜒䛻ῶᑡ㝈⏺≧ែᙉᗘ䠄◚ቯᚋ䠅䛺䛧䛺䛧ᙎᛶ≉ᛶ䛄ྥᚋ䜋䛛䠈୙㣬࿴ᅵ䛾ຊᏛⓗᣲື䜈䛾ᗘୖ᪼䛸䛸䜒ᗘୖ᪼䛸䛸䜒䛻⭾ᙇ䛧䠈ୗ㝆 䛻⭾ᙇ䛧䠈ୗ㝆䛸䛸䜒䛻཰⦰䛸䛸䜒䛻཰⦰ᗘ䛾ᙳ㡪䛸䛭䛾䝰䝕䝹໬䠊㎰ᴗ㎰ᮧᕤᏛ఍ㄽᩥ㞟䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝34

5. 䠏ḟඖᆅ㉁ᵓ㐀䝰䝕䝹35䠏ḟඖᆅ㉁ᵓ㐀䛾䝰䝕䝹໬䠄ୡ⏣㇂໭㒊䠅᪤Ꮡ䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾㈨ᩱ䛾ά⏝ୡ⏣㇂༊䞉ᮾி㒔䞉ᇸ⋢┴䞉㕲ᘓබᅋ䛛䜙ධᡭ

5km㽢5km♟ᐂỈ◁⢓ᅵ (◳㉁)

♟ᒙ୰䛾⿕ᅽᖏỈᒙ⢓ᅵ (㌾㉁)䝻䞊䝮ᮾி䛾ᆅ┙䠄ᮾி㒔䠅䜘䜚సᡂ36䠏ḟඖᆅ㉁ᵓ㐀䛾䝰䝕䝹໬䠄ୡ⏣㇂໭㒊䠅

500m㽢500m㽢45m

ᆅ⌫⤫ィᏛⓗᡭἲ䛻䜘䜚䠈㒔ᕷᇦ䛾ᆅୗᆅ㉁ᵓ㐀䜢᥎ᐃ↓ྛᆅᒙ䛤䛸䛾≉ᚩ䜢ᢳฟ䛄Takemura et al., Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment䠄ᢞ✏‽ഛ୰䠅䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝37ୡ⏣㇂໭㒊䛾⇕ఏᑟ⋡䝬䝑䝥ᮾிす㒊䠖ୡ⏣㇂㏆㑹5km㽢5km

䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾䝁䜰䛛䜙᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛯ᆅୗ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ศᕸ䠄ୡ⏣㇂2000Ⅼ䠈௚ᆅᇦ5000Ⅼ䠅

38

6. ⇕ᛂ⟅ヨ㦂䛾ᩘ್ゎᯒ

39

ᑐ㇟ᆅ
ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ䠄SU䠅ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ䠄TAT䠅

10m

20m

30m

40m
⾲ᅵ䠈䝻䞊䝮
♟

50m

◁䝅䝹䝖
40

䠏ḟඖ⇕ఏᑟ䠇䠍ḟඖ⇕⛣ὶwTUcwt

wT w § wT · w § wT · w § wT · ¨OU cu¸  ¨O¸  ¨O¸Swz wx © wx ¹ wy © wy ¹ wz © wz ¹
(Tago, 2004; Schiavi, 2009䠗Christodoulides, et al., 2012)⇕፹య䠄୙෾ᾮ䠅, u⇕፹య䛸䝏䝳䞊䝤䛾㛫䛾⇕䛾⛣ື䛿䠈⇕ఏ㐩ಀᩘh0䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈྾㎸䜏䞉‪ฟ䛧㡯S୰䛷ồ䜑䜛䠊䝏䝳䞊䝤䠄HDPE䠅

din䝏䝳䞊䝤䛸ᆅ┙䛾⇕䛾⛣ື䛿䠈ఏᑟ䛻䜘䜛⛣ື䛾䜏䜢⪃៖䠊

dp41

ᆅ┙
2 hoursᗘኚ໬䠖஧ᒙ䝰䝕䝹
12 hours

48 hours䛄ᩪ⸨䜋䛛䠈ᆅ୰⇕஺᥮㐣⛬䛾ᩘ್ゎᯒ䠄ᢞ✏‽ഛ୰䠅䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝42

7. 䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾⤖ᯝ䛸௒ᚋ䛾ணᐃ

43䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾⤖ᯝ䛾䜎䛸䜑 ྛ䝃䜲䝖䛾䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾䝁䜰ヨᩱ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⢏ᚄศᕸ䜔ྵỈẚ䠈EC䠈⇕ఏᑟ⋡➼䜢 ᐃ䛧䛯䠊䝁䜰୰䛾ᚤ⏕≀ྀ䛿䝃䜲䝖䛻䜘䛳䛶኱䛝䛟␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯. ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ䝃䜲䝖䛷䛿, ᆅ ศᕸ䛿῝ᗘ10 m௨῝䛷䜋䛸䜣䛹Ꮨ⠇ኚື䛜䛺䛟, ᖏỈᒙ୰䛾ᆅୗỈ㉁䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒኱䛝䛺Ꮨ⠇ኚື䛿ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊 ⣙40Υ䛾 Ỉ䜢11䞃᭶㛫㐃⥆ⓗ䛻ᚠ⎔䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈⇕※䛛䜙1 m䛾ᆅⅬ䛷7-8Υ⛬ᗘ䛾ᆅ ୖ᪼䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯. ≉䛻ୖ㒊ᖏỈᒙ (ᾏᡂ䛾◁ᒙ䠈GL-17m௜㏆) 䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈」ᩘ䛾Ỉ㉁ᡂศ (䝩䜴⣲䠈DOC䠈䜿䜲⣲䠈䜹䝸䜴䝮䠈䝬䜾䝛䝅䜴䝮䛺䛹) 䛻ኚ໬䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈ᆅୗỈ୰䛾ᚤ⏕≀ྀ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䠈 ᗘኚ໬䛾ᙳ㡪䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ኚ໬䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯.
 ᪤Ꮡ䛾ᆅୗᆅ㉁᝟ሗ䜢཰㞟䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈䠏ḟඖᆅ㉁ᵓ㐀䛻䛴䛔䛶㧗ᐦᗘ䛾䝰䝕䝹໬䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊 3䝃䜲䝖䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䝁䜰ヨᩱ䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈ᐊෆヨ㦂䜘䜚㏱Ỉ䞉⁐㉁ᣑᩓ䞉⁐㉁ศᩓ䞉྾╔⬺㞳ヨ㦂䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䠊⇕≀ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈ᆅ┙䛾ྵỈẚ䜢㛵䛩䜛䛸䛩䜛⡆౽䛺ண 䝰䝕䝹䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䛯䠊 䠏ḟඖ䛾⇕ఏᑟ᪉⛬ᘧ䛻䠍ḟඖ䛾⛣ὶ⇕⛣ື᪉⛬ᘧ䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛶䠈⇕ᛂ⟅ヨ㦂
䠄TRT䠅᫬䛾⇕஺᥮㐣⛬䛚䜘䜃ᆅ┙⇕≀ᛶ್䛾ホ౯䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊ᆅ┙୰䛾⇕ఏᑟ⋡ศᕸ䜢ᐃ㔞໬䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛸䛧䛶䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜♧䛥䜜䛯䠊44䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䝒䞊䝹ᵓ⠏䛸⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯
Input Data୕ḟඖᆅ㉁䝰䝕䝹≀㉁䞉⇕㍺㏦ಀᩘ䛾䝰䝕䝹໬䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾Ꮝ䝕䞊䝍䜢⏝䛔䛯୕ḟඖᆅୗᵓ㐀᝟ሗ䛾ྲྀᚓ䛚䜘䜃䝰䝕䝹໬
ᆅ㉁せ⣲䛻䛚䛡䜛Ỉ⌮䞉⇕≀ᛶ䛾タᐃ䞉 ᆅ㉁᝟ሗ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟≀㉁䞉⇕㍺㏦ಀᩘ䛾ணᅵተ୰䠄᭷ᐖ䠅໬Ꮫ≀㉁䞉
ᚤ⏕≀䛾䜲䞁䝧䞁䝖䝸ᗈᇦ䛷䛾ᆅᒙศᕸ䠈䛺䜙䜃䛻ྛ✀≀ᛶ䠄⇕ఏᑟ⋡䠈㏱Ỉಀᩘ䠈ẚ㈓␃⋡ etc.䠅䜢᥎ᐃ᳨ドಟṇቃ⏺᮲௳タᐃ䠄ex. ᆅᅪ⇕฼⏝䝅䝇䝔䝮ᑟධ䠅
TRTゎᯒ

ᆅ┙

ᗘኚ໬ண

24

Temperature [oC]ᆅᅪ⎔ቃ䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁≀㉁䞉⇕㐃ᡂືែゎᯒ䞉 ≀㉁䞉䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊⛣ືᩘ್䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁

22

20

Observed Tout
Ogrout = 1.8, Cgrout = 3.0

18

160

50000

100000Time [s]150000⇕ᛂ⟅䞉≀㉁ືែ䛻㛵䛩䜛ほ 䝕䞊䝍䠄TRTヨ㦂䛺䛹䠅
Output: ⎔ቃᙳ㡪ホ౯ᆅୗᗘศᕸ䠈ᆅୗỈ⃰ᗘศᕸ䠄㔜㔠ᒓ䛺䛹䠅䠈ᆅୗᚤ⏕≀ኚ໬ᗘศᕸ䠈ᆅ┙ᙉᗘ䝸䝇䜽ศᕸ

45ᆅ୰⇕฼⏝䝠䞊䝖䝫䞁䝥䛻㛵䛩䜛䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛾౛

46

GSHP䛾䛾タ⨨⟠ᡤ䛸ᆅୗỈಖㆤ༊ᇦ (䜸䝷䞁䝎)

䛄Bonte et al. (2011): Underground Thermal Energy Storage: Environmental Risks and Policy
Developments in the Netherlands and European Union. Ecology and Society䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝47

GSHP䛻
䛻㛵䛩䜛⎔ቃ䝸䝇䜽

䛄Bonte et al. (2011): Underground Thermal Energy Storage: Environmental Risks and Policy
Developments in the Netherlands and European Union. Ecology and Society䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝48

GSHP฼
฼⏝䛻䛚䛡䜛ᗘつไ䞉᥎ዡ್

䛄Haehnlein et al. (2010): International Legal Status of the Use of Shallow GeothermalEnergy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝49

GSHP䛾䛾タ⨨᭱ᑠ㊥㞳䛄Haehnlein et al. (2010): International Legal Status of the Use of Shallow Geothermal
Energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝50

GSHP䛻䛻㛵䛩䜛䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䠄⎔ቃ┬䠅䛄⎔ቃ┬Ỉ䞉኱Ẽ⎔ቃᒁ䠄2012䠅䠖ᆅ୰⇕฼⏝䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛾䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁䛅䜘䜚ᘬ⏝51ᐁᗇ᪋タ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ᆅ୰⇕฼⏝ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑟධ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ㸦᱌㸧ᅜᅵ஺㏻┬ ኱⮧ᐁᡣᐁᗇႠ⧋㒊 タഛ࣭⎔ቃㄢ ᖹᡂ㸰㸳ᖺ㸯㸮᭶ฟ඾㸸ᅜᅵ஺㏻┬+3

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