Isao Hashimoto Kansan Gaidai University

2009/5/31

HEBREW OTThe Influence ofBiblical Hebrew
onEnglish

Source Language

VulgateTarget Language
RECEPTORSOE - ME - Mod.E
Mod.E

Isao Hashimoto
Kansaigaidai University

Earlier Translation Methods

GREEK NTEnglishOT1

EnglishO T and NT

Mod.E

EnglishNT
2

Example of Calque
And Its Going into Common English

Geneva Bible 1560 Job 19:20

rA[B

1. Current expressions

2 Archaisms
2.
A h i

High frequency of and

3. New and rare expressions

HB: me-of-teath-of skin-in/by/with/atyNv

3

Receptors in KJBReceptoes
1. Current expressions"÷Reproduction・ Calque・ Blending4561

Isao Hashimoto Kansan Gaidai University

KJB (1611) Genesis 14:13-21

2009/5/31

7Receptors in KJB

Receptors in KJB

3. New Expressions

2. Archaisms
the living is my son, and the deadyxh

Ioseph being seuenteene yeerestMhold, was feeding the flocke withis thy sonh[r hyh'(1 Kings 3:22)

his brethren

8

OE Translations

Frequent Use of AND④

OE Heptateuch Gen.1Hebrew OTV lVulgate

911⑨Gen. 1:14
Gen.OEH:
1:

VUL:

dixit autem Deus

H B:~yhla rmaYw

OE – ME - Mod.E

EnglishOT×10(Gen. 37:2)

said-and122

Isao Hashimoto Kansan Gaidai University

2009/5/31

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Repetition of the Same Head NP in
Genitival Phrases

Qxcy yhla ~hrba yhla ~tba yhla hwhy

Drihten þindra fædera God þe ætywde,Abrahames God ┐ Isaaces God ┐ Iacobes God

Jacob God-of Abraham God-of their father God-of(Hebrew Bible)(OE Heptateuch Ex. 4:5)

Dominus Deus ppatrum tuorum Deus AbrahamDeus Isaac Deus Iacob(Vulgate)

King James Bible
the Lord God of their fathers, the God ofAbraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Iacob

Drihten þindra fædera God þe ætywde,Abrahames God ┐ Isaaces God ┐ Iacobes God(OE Heptateuch Ex. 4:5)

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Influence beyond Biblical Txts
PHASE 2
Case 1: Generalization
Case 2: Acceleration of a current change

PHASE I
Case 1: Frequent occurrence or repetition
Case 2: Syntactical blending
Case 3: Reproduction or calqueCase 4: Hapax legomena

15

Compound Numerals
Twenty-one to Ninety-nine

Schibsbye (1977)

OE

PE

one and twentytwenty-one?
16

Influence upon Biblical Texts

17“TheThe present type appearedat the end of the 15, when
French influence was strong”
183

Isao Hashimoto Kansan Gaidai University

2009/5/31

Compound Numerals
Twenty-one to Ninety-nine

Hypothesis

PEOE‘tenten and unit
unit’ occurring frequently
in biblical texts accelerated thechange from ‘ten and unit’ to ‘ten +unit’.

Shakespeare’s Works 1591-1612

one and twenty --BRIDGE-- twenty-one
twenty and one

twenty and one

19

Wycliffite Bible c1384 Cardinals in Gen to Daniel

20

Hebrew Cardinals in Genesis to Daniel

Cited from Hashimoto (20002)

Latin Cardinals in Genesis to DanielLatin type: twenty one

type: twenty one

Type: one and twenty

viginti unus, (Esra 2:26)

91%

42 exxone and twenty

87 %
22

Latin type: twenty and one

219%

67%
Type: twenty and one

type: twenty and one
23

viginti et unius ( Jer. 52:1)

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Isao Hashimoto Kansan Gaidai University

2009/5/31

Vulgate67%
Hebrew Bible

9%

200
150
10081%

500

octoginta et sex annorum

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The Vulgate = Biblia Sacra Iuxta ulgatam ersionem.
2 vols. 1969. (ed.) R. Weber. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt.
The Bishops' Bible 1568 = The Holie Bible Conteynynge the Olde Testament and the Newe. 1568.
London: R. Jugge.
Coverdale's Bible 1535 = Biblia The Byble: that is/
the holy Scrypture of the Olde and New
Testament, faythfully translated in to Englyshe.
1535. Cologne? or Marburg?: E. Cervicornus &J. Soter?
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twentyand one

twenty annd one

250

1535

1557

1568

1611

Wycliffe Coverdale Geneva

BishopsKJB

twentyand one

c1384

BiblesKing James Bible = The Holy Bible: A Facsimile ofthe Authorized Version Published in the Year
1611. (repr.) 1982. Tokyo: Nan’un-doone andtwenty

twenty and one

300

one andtwenty

one andd twenty

Hundeahtatigwintre ┐ syxwintre

one annd twenty350

onee and twenty

Cardinals 21 to 99 in Genesis to Daniel

Cardinals in Genesis to Daniel

The Early Wycliffite Bible = MS Bodley 959:
Genesis – Baruch 3
3.20
20 in the Earlier Version of
the Wycliffite Bible. 6 vols. 1959 – 1973. (ed.)
C. Lindberg. Uppsala:Almqvist & Wiksells

The Hebrew Bible = Biblia Henraica. 1977. (ed.)
Kittle. Deutsche Bibelstiftung Stuttgart.
26

The Geneva Bible = The Bible and Holy Scriptvres
Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament.
Translated according to the Ebrue and Greke,and Conferred With the Best Translations inDiuers Languages. 1560. Geneva: Rouland Hall.

R f
ReferencesBlass, Friedrich. 1911. Grammar of New Testament
Greek. (Original title: Grammatik des Neutestamentlichen Griechisch. 1896. (tr.) by HenryThackeray) London: Macmillan.
2927Burton, Philip. 2000 (repr. 2002). The Old Latin

Gospels: A Study of their Text and Language.
Oxford: OUP.

Hashimoto, Isao. 1983. "The Influence of the Hebrew
Infinitive on English Biblical Translations,"
Studies in Humanities No. 17. Shinshu
U iUniversity.
iPp.
P 115-127.
5 27------------ 20002. Biblical English (in Japanese).
Tokyo: Eichosha.
Kedar, Benjamin. 2004. “The Latin Translations.” inMikra. (eds) M.J. Mulder & H. Sysling. Pp. 299338.
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2009/5/31

Kraus, Matthew. 2003. “Hebraisms in the Old Latin
Version of the Bible.” in Vetus Testamentum. Vol
LIII, 4. Pp. 487-513
Marsden, Richard. 1994. “Old Latin Intervention inthe Old English Heptateuch.” in Anglo-SaxonEngland. Vol. 23. Pp. 229-64.
Kraus, Matthew. 2003. “Hebraisms in the Old Latin
Version of the Bible.” in Vetus Testamentum. Vol
LIII, 4. Pp. 487-513
Marsden, Richard. 1994. “Old Latin Intervention inthe Old English Heptateuch.” in Anglo-Saxon
England. Vol. 23. Pp. 229-64.
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Marsden, Richard. 1994. “Old Latin Intervention inthe Old English Heptateuch.” in Anglo-Saxon
England. Vol. 23. Pp. 229-64.
Plater, W. E. and H. J. White. 1926. A Grammar ofthe Vulgate. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schibsbye, Knud. 1977. Origin and Development ofthe English Language. Copenhagen: NordiskSprog Kulyurforlag.

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