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Kuhlbusch T.A.J., Andreae M.O., Cachier H., Goldammer J.G., Lacaux J.P., Shea R., and Crutzen P.J. (1996).
Black carbon formation by savanna fires: Measurements and implications for the global carbon cycle.
Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 101, No D19: pp. 23651-23665.
Lacaux J.P., Delmas R., and Jambert C. (1996). NOx emissions from African savanna fires. Journal ofGeophysical Research, Vol 101, No D19: pp. 23585-23595.
Lobert J. M., Scharffe D.H., Hao W.M., Kuhlbusch T.A., Seuwen R., Warneck P., and Crutzen P.J. (1993).
Experimental evaluation of biomass burning emissions: Nitrogen carbon containing compounds. In:
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Lobert J.M. and Warnatz J. (1993). Emissions from combustion process in vegetation. In: Crutzen P.J. andGoldammer J.G.,Fire in the environment, John Wiley, New York: pp. 15-37.
McGill W. B. (1996). Review and classification of ten soil organic matter models. In: Powlson D.S., Smith P.,
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Milchunas D.G. and Lauenroth W.K. (1993). Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a
global range of environments. Ecological Monographs 63: pp. 327-366.
Neill C., Melillo J.M., Steudler P.A., Cerri C.C., de Moraes J.F.L., Piccolo M.C. and Brito M. (1997). Soil
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programme. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 4: pp. 181-204.
Ogle S. M., Breidt F. J., Eve M. D., and Paustian K. (2003). Uncertainty in estimating land use and management
impacts on soil organic carbon storage for U.S. agricultural lands between 1982 and 1997. Global Change
Biology (in press).
Ojima D.S., Parton W.J., Schimel D.S., Scurlock J.M.O., and Kittel T.G.F. (1993). Modeling the effects ofclimatic and CO2 changes on grassland storage of soil C. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 70: pp. 643-657.
Olson R. J., Scurlock, J. M. O., Prince S. D., Zheng D. L., and Johnson K. R. (eds.) (2001). NPP Multi-Biome:
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Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Pacala S.W., Hurtt G.C., Baker D., Peylin P., Houghton R.A., Birdsey R.A., Heath L., Sundquist E.T., Stallard
R.F., Ciais P., Moorcroft P., Caspersen J.P., Shevliakova E., Moore B., Kohlmaier G., Holland E., Gloor
M., Harmon M.E., Fan S.M., Sarmiento J.L., Goodale C.L., Schimel D., and Field C.B. (2001).
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Scholes R. J., Kendall J., and Justice C.O. (1996). The quantity of biomass burned in southern Africa, Journal ofGeophysical Research, Vol 101. NO D19: pp. 23677-23682.
Smith P., Powlson D. S., Glendining M. J., and Smith J. O. U. (1997). Potential for carbon sequestration in
European soils: preliminary estimates for five scenarios using results from long-term experiments. Global
Change Biology 3: pp. 67-79.
Veldkamp E. (2001). Changes in soil carbon stocks following conversion of forest to pasture in the tropics. In:
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Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice GuidanceWard D.E., Hao W.M., Susott R.A., Babbitt R.E., Shea R.W., Kauffman J.B. and Justice C.O. (1996). Effect offuel composition on combustion efficiency and emission factors for African savanna ecosystems. Journalof Geophysical Research, Vol 101, No D19: pp. 23569-23574.

3.5 WETLANDS
Alm J., Saarnio S., Nykanen H., Silvola J., and Martikainen P. J. (1999). Winter CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes onsome natural and drained boreal peatlands. Biogeochemistry 44: pp. 163-186.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (1997). Houghton J.T., Meira Filho L.G., Lim B., TreantonK., Mamaty I., Bonduki Y., Griggs D.J. and Callander B.A. (Eds). Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2000). Penman J., Kruger D., Galbally I., Hiraishi T.,
Nyenzi B., Emmanuel S., Buendia L., Hoppaus R., Martinsen T., Meijer J., Miwa K., and Tanabe K.
(Eds). Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
IPCC/OECD/IEA/IGES, Hayama, Japan.
Laine J. and Minkkinen K. (1996). Effect of forest drainage on the carbon balance of a mire - a case study.
Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11: pp. 307-312.
Laine J., Silvola J., Tolonen K., Alm J., Nykanen H., Vasander H., Sallantaus T., Savolainen I., Sinisalo J., andMartikainen P. J. (1996). Effect of water-level drawdown on global climatic warming - northernpeatlands. Ambio 25: pp. 179-184.
LUSTRA (2002). Land Use Strategies for Reducing Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Annual Report 2002,
Uppsala, Sweden. http://www.sml.slu.se/lustra/index.phtml
Minkkinen K., Korhonen R., Savolainen I., and Laine J. (2002). Carbon balance and radiative forcing of Finnish
peatlands 1900-2100 the impact of forestry drainage. Global Change Biology 8: pp. 785-799.
Sundh I., Nilsson M., Mikkela C., Granberg G., and Svensson B. H. (2000). Fluxes of methane and carbon
dioxide on peat-mining areas in Sweden. Ambio 29: pp. 499-503.

3.6 SETTLEMENTS
Nowak D.J. and Crane D.E. (2002). Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the United States.
Environmental Pollution 116(3): pp. 381-389.
Nowak D.J., Rowntree R.A., McPherson E.G., Sisinni S.M., Kerkmann E.R., and Stevens J.C. (1996).
Measuring and analyzing urban tree cover. Landscape and Urban Planning 36: pp. 49-57.

APPENDIX 3A.1 HARVESTED WOOD PRODUCTS: BASIS FOR FUTURE
METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Burden R.L. and Faires J.D. (2001). Numerical Analysis, 7th ed. Brooks/ Cole Publishing. 810 p.
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Gjesdal S.F.T., Flugsrud K., Mykkelbost T.C., and Rypdal K. (1996). A balance of use of wood products in
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Haynes et al. (1990). An Analysis of the timber situation in the United States: 1989-2040. USDA Forest Service.
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APPENDIX 3A.2 NON-CO2 FROM DRAINAGE AND REWETTING OF FOREST SOILS:BASIS FOR FUTURE METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Alm J., Saarnio S., Nykanen H., Silvola J. and Martikainen P.J. (1999). Winter CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes onsome natural and drained boreal peatlands. Biogeochemistry 44: pp. 163 – 186.
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Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice GuidanceLaine J., Silvola J., Tolonen K., Alm J., Nykanen H., Vasander H., Sallantaus T., Savolainen I., Sinisalo J., andMartikainen P. J. (1996). Effect of water-level drawdown on global climatic warming - northernpeatlands. Ambio 25: pp. 179-184.
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dynamics of a restored cut-away peatland. Global Change Biology 6: 569-581.

APPENDIX 3A.3 WETLANDS REMAINING WETLANDS: BASIS FOR FUTURE
METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTORGANIC SOILS MANAGED FOR PEAT EXTRACTION
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Andriesse, J. P. (1988) Nature and Management of Tropical Peat Soils, FAO SOILS BULLETIN 59,
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Huttunen, J.T., T.S. Vaisanen, S. K. Hellsten, M. Heikkinen, H. Nykanen, H. Jungner, A. Niskanen, M. O.
Virtanen, O.V. Lindqvist, O. S. Nenonen, and P.J. Martikanen, (2002), Fluxes of CH4, CO2, and N2O inhydroelectric reservoir Lokka and Porttipahata in the northern boreal zone in Finland, Global
Biogeochemical Cycles, 16,1.
Laine, J., and K. Minkkinen. (1996). Effect of forest drainage on the carbon balance of a mire - a case study.
Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11:307-312
Laine, J., J. Silvola, K. Tolonen, J. Alm, H. Nykanen, H. Vasander, T. Sallantaus, I. Savolainen, J. Sinisalo, and
P. J. Martikainen. (1996). Effect of water-level drawdown on global climatic warming - northernpeatlands. Ambio 25:179-184.
Lappalainen, E. (1996) Global Peat Resources. Saarijärvi, Finland, Saarijärven Offset Oy.
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Lappalainen, E. and Zurek, S. (1996c). Peatlands in central and south America. In: Lappalainen (Ed.), Global
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Minkkinen, K., R. Korhonen, I. Savolainen, and J. Laine.( 2002). Carbon balance and radiative forcing of
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Brack, C.L. (2002). Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by a urban forest. Environmental Pollution
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