Research Plans&
Statement of Budget
FY 2015

March 2015

Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

Contents
Page No.
Research Plans
I.

Basic Points for Business Promotion…………………………………………….

1

II.

Research Activities ……………………………………………………………….

2

III.

Administration………………………………………………………………......

6IV.

Workforce ……………………………………………………………………........

8

Statement of Budget
I.

Basic Points in Budget Compilation…………………………………………….

11

II.

Budget……………………………………………………………………………

13

Overview of Research Plans ……………………………………………………………….

15

Research Plans

I.

Basic Points for Business Promotion

Japan is moving ahead with reforms to the electricity system, and as such, the electric power industry
faces a major transition period. Discussions over energy policy, including the role of nuclear power
generation, as well as the full deregulation of retail sales and the separation of power generation andpower transmission, are underway.
With competition between businesses and changes in the business system anticipated, some electric
power companies are devising new management strategies, which are expected to lead to changes in
research and development (R&D) in the electric power industry. However, we cannot predict the
specific shape that R&D in the electric power industry will take.
In these conditions, CRIEPI has designated fiscal 2015 as a year in which to prepare fortransformation. We will proactively identify our own role and reformulate our research strategy andbusiness administration system in order to lead this R&D with an eye on the future of the electric
power industry. Moreover, we will further enhance our research capacity and competitiveness bysteadily cultivating the basic technologies so indispensable to CRIEPI as an industrial research
institute supporting the electric power industry.
Temporary reductions in benefit income will continue in fiscal 2015. However, in order to fulfill therole and functions required of us, we will continue to streamline operations and cut costs to establish
a resilient business operation framework.
Given the above, we will offer timely and accurate solutions to urgent issues faced by the electric
power industry and new issues arising from medium- and long-term changes through R&D bringing
together our advanced expertise.

1II. Research Activities
1.

Research addressing changes in issues by business sectorChanges in the electric power industry’s environment affect business sectors within the industry
differently. Taking into account the fact that businesses will develop in line with this impact, we
will devise medium- and long-term research strategies for each sector and carry out thefollowing research in fiscal 2015.

Nuclear power generation:
Nuclear power generation remains an important issue shared throughout the electric power industry.
In particular, we will reinforce the activities of the Nuclear Risk Research Center (NRRC)
established in fiscal 2014 to support nuclear power companies for continuous improvement of
nuclear safety of nuclear power plants on an ongoing basis. In addition, we will work on issues
aimed at ensuring the steady operation of nuclear power plants before they resume operations.
 Assessments of severe accident measures to comply with new regulatory standards.
 Development of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) methods for continuous improvement of
nuclear safety
 Establishment of hazard evaluation methods for external natural events (earthquakes, tsunami,
tornadoes, etc.)
 Improvement of the maintenance of components for the safe and stable operation of light water
reactors
Thermal power generation:
Despite an environment marked by competition within the electric power industry, there will bemany issues shared by the industry. This awareness encourages CRIEPI to pursue research aimed at
resolving important issues, such as equipment diagnosis for high-temperature equipment and further
reductions to the environmental load. Moreover, we are steadily engaging in research that would help
to streamline the maintenance and operation of existing plants.
 Development of life assessment technologies for high temperature equipment made of highchromium steels in ultra-super-critical thermal power plants
 Development of maintenance and improvement technology of environmental facilities forthermal power plants
 Development of condition diagnostic and maintenance management technologies of thermal
power plants

2

Electric power transmission and distribution:
We pursue research that responds to changes in electric power systems in a timely manner, such as
the transition to wide-area system operations, expanded introduction of renewable energy and thechange to a more active role for the demand side (consumers) that links them to the power
distribution system. Moreover, we engage in research that indispensably contributes to maintain andrenewal power distribution equipment in a rational way, as well as research that contributes to natural
disaster countermeasures.
 Greater sophistication of analytical tools tailored to wide-area system operations (CRIEPI’sPower System Analysis Tools, or CPAT, and eXpandable Transient Analysis Program, or XTAP)Development of system stabilization technologies for the large-volume introduction ofrenewable energy
Development of technology to maintain power quality in the face of the diversity ofdemand-side equipment
Development of rational maintenance technology responding to aging power distribution
equipment
Seismic resistance assessments of transmission line towers and electrical substation equipment

Services for power consumers:
We will reinforce research on the demand side from the perspective of improving customer
convenience through energy use, starting with electrical power, under the auspices of the Research
Team for Advanced Management of Power Supply and Demand, set up in fiscal 2014. In addition,
we will strive to collaborate with research in the power distribution, which is closely related to thedemand side.
 Development of tools using energy information obtained from smart meters
 Social costs and benefits assessment of supply/demand management utilizing demand responseand demand-side equipment
 Development and performance assessment of heat pumps for use in various thermal demand
fields

In addition to the above, specific research plans by business sector, including hydroelectric
power generation, renewable energy, the environment and business management, are laid out in
the Overview of Research Plans from page 15.

2.

Pursuit of research aimed at improving customer satisfaction

After ascertaining frontline needs by communicating with electric power companies, in our role
as a central research organization for the electric power industry, we will identify technical3issues in advance, and pursue research that accurately generates attractive results helpful to theindustry in a timely manner.


We aim to raise the satisfaction of the electronic power industry by responding thoroughly andwith flexibility to research requests on an ongoing basis in order to help resolve urgent issues.
One example would be responding to on-site accidents in the electronic power business.



We will centralize our contact desk and build a system for offering solutions in order to provide
results contributing to the resolution of on-site issues in the electric power industry in a more
timely manner.



Based on research strategies in the respective fields, we will create and utilize intellectual
property in accordance with the characteristics of research results, the assumed clients and thedegree of competition.

3.

Expanding research funded by national government and others and seeking and pursuing
new alliances

We will proactively secure funding from the national government and others for research thathelps to resolve issues in the electric power industry that is consistent with research strategies in
the respective fields, as well as research taking up cutting-edge issues that will enhance andrefine CRIEPI’s research capacity.

Given trends in open innovation in industrial research, we will seek and pursue alliances that go
beyond previous boundaries through alliances with universities, research institutions and privatecompanies, with the possibility of further utilizing our research capacity and securing new
funding.

4.

Maintaining and improving research capacity and ability to resolve issues



We will steadily renew foundational technologies, predicting the foundational technology
needed to solve problems in the electric power industry in the future, striving to preemptively
acquire technology that will be needed more in the future, as well as scaling back technology
deemed to be less essential in the future and shifting staff to other fields.



We will systematically cultivate human resources with advanced levels of expertise by taking up
the challenge of new issues based on innovative ideas, building up basic data and seeking theprinciples behind phenomena through analysis and observation.



We will closely review the specifications for, introduce and update the large-scale researchfacilities and basic research facilities that serve as the wellspring of our research abilities as an
in-house research institution after carefully selecting those facilities essential to resolving issues.
4The primary large-scale research facilities introduced in fiscal 2015 are as follows: Addition of three-dimensional vibration test function to a centrifuge: This contributes to thestreamlining of anti-seismic design through earthquake stability assessments on thefoundation ground of nuclear power facilities and nearby slopes.
 Equipment for measurement of leakage behavior at pipe failure: Developing a method forevaluating fluid leakage behavior at pipe failure of light water reactors helps rationalizationof regular inspections of components and pipings.
 Cs (spherical aberration coefficient)-corrected transmission electron microscope: Raising
the accuracy of life assessments of the high-chromium steel pipes used in thermal power
plants contributes to the stable operation of power plants.
 Platform unit of coordination between demand and supply at low voltage distribution line: It
contributes to maintain the power quality of the distribution systems by way of evaluating
the various phenomena that could occur at low-voltage distribution lines and by devisingcountermeasures of mass installing of photovoltaic power generation.


We will deepen affiliates with foreign organizations with high levels of technical expertise inenergy research and development (Electricite de France, EDF; Electric Power Research Institute,
EPRI and others), and further strengthen research capacity by mutually complementing eachother’s technical skills and networks.

5

III. Administration
1.

Initiatives supporting a new business systemIn order to strengthen the research management systems in each field in preparation for changes
in the electric power industry resulting from electricity system reforms, we will augment thestaff functions and set up management accounting. Moreover, we will strengthen our marketing
functions with unified management of information on major clients, such as electric power firms,
and sharing and utilizing this information.



In order to reinforce our research contract functions and intellectual property management andutilization functions to prepare for an expansion in research funded by the government andalliances with various partners, we will set up divisions to take charge of this in both the Abikoand Yokosuka research bases.

To facilitate the further use of our research results by the electric power industry and otherclients, we will revise our methods of publishing results and disseminating information such as
research reports and other publications. Moreover, we will provide objective information basedon research results with a high degree of social interest in a timely manner, such as the safety of
nuclear power, electric power system reforms and climate change countermeasures.

2.

Establishing a resilient business systemWe will continue to cut cuts by thoroughly implementing competitive bidding in outsourcing andpurchases, ensuring that the equipment’s specifications are really necessary for their researchand carrying out operations in-house, and establish a resilient system that ensures sustainablebusiness operations.



We will continue to cut operating and management costs other than direct research costs by
accepting potential risks to business activities overall, such as eliminating operations andcurbing purchases and business trips.



We will continue with measures aimed at cutting total personnel expenditures, including
reducing salaries. At the same time, we provide appropriate treatment and compensation basedon abilities and results so that we can hire and retain talented personnel.

3.

Steady establishment of research bases

We will continue our work to establish a research base in the Yokosuka area, which is intended
as a technology research base for the energy industry, and a research base in the Abiko area,
which is intended as a research base for nature and the environment. This will raise the value of
our assets as a business entity and also help to streamline operations. This is not funded by6benefit incomes, but rather by the revenue generated by the sale of some of the land in the
Komae area in fiscal 2013.


A new research building and the Material Analysis Building will be constructed ahead of theconsolidation of research staff and equipment in the Yokosuka area (to be completed in fiscal
2016), and the transfer from the Komae area will gradually move ahead.

We will move and reorganize administrative and management divisions in early fiscal 2015 tostreamline operations as we establish these two research bases. Specifically, the Center forIntellectual Property and Administrative Support Center will be consolidated to headquarter andreorganized and transferred from the Komae area to the Abiko area. At the same time, researchsupport functions at the Abiko and Yokosuka research bases will be strengthened. The Contracts
Group will be reformed as the Procurement Center (tentative name), and we will strive for
procurement that is more effective in supporting research activities, while ensuring that
outsourcing and procurement procedures are appropriate and efficient.

4.

Pursuing sound and rigorous operations



We continue our efforts to strengthen governance, steadily implement risk management andensure and heighten compliance awareness, and aim for a sound and rigorous self-directedbusiness administration as an academic research organization and a non-profit organization.



We will complete our Plan on Expenditures for Public Benefit in fiscal 2014 and hereby thetransfer to general corporate foundation status without delay (Confirmation by the Cabinet
Office will be expected in October 2015).

7

IV. WorkforceWe hire staff based on hiring plans for researchers. These plans are established in light of
updates to research strategies and foundational technology in each field. We systematically train
human resources with a high level of expertise who are able to support the electric powerindustry’s foundational technology going forward. Moreover, we strive for flexibility in hiring
researchers by utilizing “temporary contract employee positions.”

While we will continue to reduce staff in the administrative and management departments, wewill assign and train staff with the aim of enhancing expertise as appropriate for each individual
under a new system after transfer and reorganization.



CRIEPI’s current workforce plan aims to reach an equilibrium point of about 800 employees by
the end of fiscal 2015, compared to 845 at the beginning of fiscal 2011, but we consider
revisions to our workforce plan and necessary personnel measures to ensure a sustainablebusiness system tailored to future expansions.
(Expected as of April 1, 2015)

Item

Number (people)

Percentage distribution (%)

704
1.




Research

Including 14 visiting researchers
Including 9 temporary contract
employees

Breakdown according to fields

2.

88.0

[ 100.0 ](1) Electrical Engineering

111

15.8

(2) Civil Engineering and Architecture

114

16.2

(3) Mechanical Engineering

97

13.8

(4) Chemistry

50

7.1

(5) Biology

41

5.8

(6) Nuclear

55

7.8

(7) Environment

51

7.2

(8) Information and Communication

35

5.0

(9) Socio-economics

43

6.1

(10) Research Support and Management

107

15.2

96

12.0

800

100

Office work
Total

8

Attached table: The business noted in Clause 1, Article 4 of the Articles of Incorporation andresearch activities in fiscal 2015 will be addressed as follows.

Business noted in Clause 1, Article 4 of the Articles of Incorporation

Corresponding plan

(1) Research, studies and tests on electric power, civil engineering, theenvironment, thermal and nuclear power, new energy and electricity
applications as related to the transmission and distribution of power

II. Research activities overall(2) Research and studies on the economy and laws related to electricity

II. Research activities overall(3) Spread and utilization of results, such as the preparation of criteria
and standards related to electric power technology

II. Research activities overall(4) Other items necessary to achieve foundation’s objectives

No applicable plans in fiscal 2015

9

Statement of Budget

I.

Basic Points in Budget Compilation

The fiscal 2015 budget for CRIEPI operations was compiled based on research plans. The main
points are as follows.
1.

Changes in unrestricted net assets(1) Recurring revenue amounted to 26,498 million yen.
 Current benefit income from electric utility companies amounted to 23,565 million yen.
 Business income stood at 2,679 million yen.

Of this business income, funded research business income accounts for 2 billion yen.
Other business income, including revenue from short-circuit tests and revenue from joint
research, totals 679 million yen.
Other income, such as interest revenue, amounted to 90 million yen.

(2) Ordinary expenses amounted to 28,061 million yen.
 Expenses for projects and programs totaled 26,428 million yen.
Of these expenses, personnel expenditures such as salaries and allowances and retirement benefit
expenses totaled 8,987 million yen.
Operating expenses, including consumable costs, outsourcing costs and amortization costs,
amounted to 17,441 million yen.
 General and administrative expenses related to headquarters operations were 1,633 million yen.
Of this, personnel expenses such as executive officer compensation, salaries and allowances andretirement benefit expenses totaled 929 million yen. Operating expenses, such as consumablecosts, totaled 704 million yen.
(3) Non-operating expenses and losses totaled 218 million yen, consisting of loss on retirement of
fixed assets.
2.

Changes in restricted net assets(1) Subsidies received, including revenue from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, is 31
million yen.
(2) Transfer to unrestricted net assets totaled 164 million yen due to amortization costs and otherfactors related to the restricted net assets included in special assets.
3.

Balance of net assets at fiscal year-end

Net assets in this fiscal period fell a total of 1,914 million yen, which is the sum of fluctuations inunrestricted net assets and restricted net assets. Accordingly, the balance of net assets at the end of11the fiscal year was 36,567 million yen.

12II. Budget
The fiscal 2015 budget, compiled based on the above, is as follows.

Fiscal 2015 Budget for Revenues and Expenditures
From April 1, 2015 through March 31, 2016
(Unit: Million yen)
Subject

BudgetRemarks

I Changes in unrestricted net assets
1. Operating activities(1) Recurring revenue① Benefit income
Current benefit income

23,565② Business income

2,679

Funded research business income

2,000

Other business income

679③ Other income

90Interest revenue

5

Facility use fees received

80

Miscellaneous income

5④ Transfers from restricted net assets

164

Total revenue and gains

26,498(2) Ordinary expenses① Expenses for projects and programs
Personnel expenditures

8,987

Salaries and allowances

7,180

Retirement benefit expenses

779

Welfare expenses

1,028

Operating expenses

17,441

Consumable costs

1,418

Publication costs

381

Lighting, heat and water utility costs

1,047

Outsourcing costs

5,458

Joint research contribution

690

Repair costs

1,323

Rental costs298

Tax and dues

515

Travel and transportation costs

834

Communication and transport costs

97

Other operating expenses

493

Amortization costs

4,887

Sub-total for expenses for projects and programs

26,428② General and administrative expenses
Personnel expenses

929

Executive officer compensation

140

Salaries and allowances

588

Retirement benefit expenses

55

Welfare expenses

72

Provision for directors’ retirement benefits

74

Operating expenses

704

Consumable costs

5

Publication costs

42

13

Lighting, heat and water utility costs

26

Outsourcing costs

97

Repair costs

11

Rental costs344

Tax and dues

38

Travel and transportation costs

31

Communication and transport costs

7

Other operating expenses

73

Amortization costs

30

Sub-total of general and administrative expenses

1,633

Total expenses and losses

28,061

Total changes in operating activities for the year

1,563

2. Changes in non-operating activities(1) Non-operating revenue
Total non-operating revenue―(2) Total non-operating expenses and losses
Loss on retirement of fixed assets

218

Total non-operating expenses and losses

218

Total changes in non-operating activities for the year

218

Total changes in unrestricted assets

1,781

Unrestricted assets at beginning of year

37,916

Unrestricted assets at end of year

36,135

II Changes in restricted net assets① Subsidies received
Subsidies received

31② Transfer to unrestricted net assets

164

Total changes in restricted net assets for the year133

Net restricted assets at beginning of year565

Net restricted assets at end of year432

III Balance of net assets at fiscal year-end

36,56714

Overview of Research Plans

Since fiscal 2012, CRIEPI has taken a panoramic view of the electric power industry overall andcompiled the Major Issues Confronting the Electric Power Industry, which clarifies the short-,
medium- and long-term issues facing the industry, and the Portfolio of Research Subjects, which
consolidates the actions that CRIEPI should take to resolve these issues. We have pursued our
research activities based on these two documents.
In the fiscal 2015 plan, the Portfolio of Research Subjects still forms the foundation for our research
activities, and we continued to set research subjects in the eight areas of nuclear power generation,
thermal power generation, hydroelectric power generation, renewable energy, electric power
distribution, services for power consumers, the environment and business management in order toclarify the benefits that research has for the electric power industry and the rest of society. The
section below outlines the major research plans in these areas.
In order to remain a research institution that is beneficial for the electric power industry and society,we assess the value of our research activities to the electric power industry and society in terms of
the following three perspectives in pursuing our research.
 Management and mitigation of risk in the electric power industry
We help to appropriately manage and mitigate risk in the electric power industry by assessing theimpact that socio-economic changes and climate events have on the electric power industry andsociety in general, as well as the impact that the electric power industry has on society, and byoffering technologies to counter these impacts.
 Ensuring reliability and affordability of electric power supply
As the environment surrounding the electric power industry changes with reforms to electric powersystems and the large-scale introduction of renewable energy, CRIEPI will provide technical support
that will facilitate the construction and operation of electric power facilities from power generation to
power transmission and distribution as well as its appropriate maintenance and updates. We willcontribute to ensuring a stable supply of inexpensive and highly reliable power.
 Creation of new value in electricity and energy supply and demand
We contribute to the creation of new value in next-generation electricity and energy supply anddemand by identifying future issues for both electricity and energy supply and demand (use) anddeveloping technology related to electricity networks needed for supply/demand, energy
conservation and environmental harmony.

15

1.

Nuclear power generation

CRIEPI particularly focuses on research to enhance the safety of light water reactors, an important
issue shared by the electric power industry. Specifically, we reinforced our support for the
resumption of operations at light water reactors and activities at the Nuclear Risk Research Center,established in fiscal 2014, and contributed to the countermeasures to improve safety conducted byelectric power companies even more than regulations require. In addition, under the Nuclear Power
Plant Maintenance Research Team, we will work on raising the sophistication of maintenancetechnology of light water reactors to ensure their safe and stable operation after plant operations are
resumed. We will steadily pursue research on the quantitative assessment of radiation risk as well as
research on nuclear fuel cycles and backend businesses.
Advancements in safety of light water reactors
Initiatives aimed at resumption of operations
 Technical Assessment on Nuclear Power Plant Designs against External Natural Events:
We support the evaluation of natural external phenomena (earthquakes, tsunami, tornadoes,
volcanic eruptions, etc.) and countermeasures taken by electric power companies for the
resumption of operations at nuclear power reactors. For example, we will experimentally
evaluate the impact of tornado missiles on nuclear power facilities and present technology aimed
at countering this together with the validation results of specific methods. By doing so, we will
clarify its adequateness in standards based on scientific evidence.
 Development of Evaluation and Operation Method of the Reactor Containment Failure
Prevention Function: We will carry out tests on decontamination performance using filter venttesting devices on an actual scale with a view to evaluate the decontamination capacity of the
FCVS (Filtered Containment Venting System), which prevent containment failure in the event ofsevere accidents. We will also propose the optimum method of operation of the FCVS.
 Enhancement of the Severe Accident Analysis Technology and Evaluation of theEffectiveness of Nuclear Facilities Measures: Using the severe accident analysis code, we will
ascertain the effect of cooling countermeasures for nuclear reactor in the event of severe
accidents, and evaluate the effectiveness of measures taken to improve safety. Moreover, we will
evaluate the effectiveness of measures aimed at preventing severe accidents with spent fuelstorage pools.
Establishment of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) technology
 Improvement of Internal Fire Mitigation Methodologies in Nuclear Facilities: In order toimprove the sophistication of fire hazard evaluation methods with the aim of mitigating the risk
16

of fires inside nuclear power facilities and improving structures in which fires would tend to
spread, we will measure the level of oxygen dependence in the combustion velocity of pump andmotor oil in the event of a fire, and will augment data on combustion characteristics using
existing fire models.
 Development of Evaluation Method of Phenomena for Enhancement of PRA Technology:
We will develop advanced methods to evaluate those complex phenomena such as
seismic-induced internal flood or convection behavior in containment vessels that affect the
progress of severe accidents. In addition, we will accumulate technical insights required to
implement PRA, such as the frequencies of individual phenomena, and develop standard
evaluation procedures.
 Development of Cross-Cutting Issues Required for Nuclear Risk Management: In order to
identify and appropriately address potential nuclear risks, we will investigate risk management
methods and frameworks in Japan and abroad, and develop databases for risk-informed
applications and software to identify diverse risk profiles.
 Enhancement of PRA Technology and Establishment of Risk Management Methodology:
With the aim of utilizing PRA in decision-making on nuclear safety in risk management, we willdevelop PRA methodology to evaluate the overlapping impacts of multiple external events suchas earthquake with tsunami, as well as internal events such as component failures and humanerrors. Moreover, we will establish the parameters for the assessment of the various hazards
considered in PRA.
Establishment of evaluation methods for low-frequency phenomena
 Assessment of External Natural Hazards to Nuclear Facilities: CRIEPI will establish
methods for evaluating hazards related to the scale of the natural external phenomenon and thefrequency of occurrence, which is essential in assessing the safety of nuclear power reactors. For
example, we develop rational and highly accurate assessment methods for seismic activity inareas close to the epicenter from estimates of bedrock ground motion from detailed local surveys.
In addition, we will develop methods for predicting ash fall taking into account the scale oferuptions and frequency with the aim of facilitating evaluations of volcanic activity hazards andvolcanic eruption PRA.
 Assessment of Fragility of Nuclear Facilities due to External Natural Events: We willdevelop methods of evaluating tsunami hydrodynamic force and driftage collision force utilizing
a tsunami and flood channel with the aim of assessing tsunami-resistant structures at nuclear
power facilities. Moreover, we will use the centrifugal vibrating table (device with a centrifuge
to which shaking test functions have been added) to examine realistic methods of evaluating17

stability during earthquakes on foundation ground and nearby slopes that were proposed by
CRIEPI.
Safe operation of light water reactors
Advances to safety technology for light water reactors
 Improvement of Pipe Wall Thinning Evaluation and Water Chemistry Control in LWR:
We examine the accuracy of the FAC and LDI Prediction Software for Pipe Wall Thinning(FALSET), which enables rational management of the thinning of pipes in light water reactors,
by using actual plant data on thinning, and reflect this in the Japan Society of MechanicalEngineers’ code for pipe wall thinning management.
 Improvement of Preventive Maintenance Technology for LWR Components and Pipings:
In order to rationalize maintenance of light water reactor components and piping andappropriately carry out inspections of pipes based on their importance in terms of safety, we will
introduce equipment to measure leakage behavior when pipes fail in fiscal 2015, and begin
evaluating the importance of piping by investigating liquid leakage behavior when pipes break Improvement of Integrity Evaluation Method for Reactor Pressure Vessels: We will propose
embrittlement prediction equations for highly irradiated RPV steels by augmenting surveillancedata and microstructure observation. We will introduce the equation to the Japan Electric
Association’s standards.
 Improvement of Integrity Evaluation Method for Core Internals, Pipings and Other
Components: We will investigate the thermal aging behavior of cast stainless steels to facilitate
thermal aging evaluation. This is one of major aging phenomenon to be considered in Aging
Management Technical Evaluations every 10 years after 30 years of operation.
Radiation risk evaluations
 Quantitative Evaluation of Low-Dose Radiation Risk and Reflection to Radiation
Protection Systems: We will apply the concept of risk as indicated by the minimum dose atwhich carcinogens from radiation exposure can be detected epidemiologically in the evaluationof impact on non-cancer diseases, primarily cardiovascular disease, and clarify the contributionof radiation exposure to cancer and non-cancer diseases with the aim of deepening society’s
understanding of the risk of low-dose radiation.
Establishment of nuclear fuel cycle technology
 Development of Long-Term Storage Management Technologies for Spent Fuel: In order tofacilitate the practical use of concrete casks, which are more affordable compared to metal casks,
18

for spent fuel storage, we will confirm the effectiveness of technology preventing stresscorrosion cracking (SCC) based on experimental evaluations. SCC is a key issue for metal
canisters enclosed within casks.
 Technology Development for Safety Improvement and Stable Operation of Reprocessing
Plants: We will use simulated liquid waste in experiments to clarify the mechanisms to form
volatile Ru, which is one of the main factors in radioactivity released into the environment whenhighly concentrated liquid waste evaporates or dries and hardens in severe accidents occurring at
reprocessing plants. We will develop technology to reduce the quantity of Ru discharged into theenvironment.
Support for radioactive waste disposal operations
 Development and Systematization of Long-Term Safety Assessment Technologies forRadioactive Waste Disposal: We will develop a method of evaluating with a high degree of
accuracy the permeability of clay-type (bentonite) engineered barriers with waterproofing
functions in order to evaluate the quality of engineered barriers used in near-surface pit disposalof Type 2 radioactive waste (low-level radioactive waste).
2.

Thermal power generation

We place particular emphasis on research into technology facilitating the operation and preservationof existing thermal power plants. Specifically, we prioritize research on longevity evaluations ofequipment used in locations with high temperatures—an urgent issue—and facility diagnostic
technology. We also pursue research on improving the performance of smoke exhaust and drainage
treatment facilities, and on expanding use of coal ash. We are also endeavoring to generate effective
results in our research on natural disaster countermeasures at thermal power plants.
Ensuring reliability of existing thermal power plants
 Development of Condition Diagnostic and Maintenance Management Technologies ofThermal Power Plants: We are automating the development of a highly accurate model withmachine characteristics based on operating data with the aim of improving the convenience ofthermal efficiency analysis software (Energy Win), which supports the rational operation andpreservation of thermal power plants.
 Improvement of Remaining Life Assessment, Diagnosis and Maintenance of Thermal
Power Plant Components: We are building a heat cycle testing method needed for the life
assessment of the delamination of thermal barrier coating on gas turbine blades in order toestablish life assessment techniques for the parts of gas turbines through which hot gas passes.

19Moreover, we are developing an analytical method to estimate the temperature distribution ofinternal cooling blades when the gas turbine’s load changes.
 Development of Life Assessment Technology for High Temperature Structural Components
Made of High Chromium Steels in Thermal Power Plants: In order to improve the accuracyof evaluations for the creep life of welded parts of components made of high chromium steel wewill use the Cs (spherical aberration coefficient)-corrected transmission electron
microscope installed in fiscal 2015 to carry out structure observations and analysis for the steels
used at the power plants for long-term as well as fractured materials obtained in laboratory tests.
This will clarify the damage factor determining the creep life of high chromium steel, which
consists of various material substructures.
 Development of Countermeasures for Biofouling and Jellyfish Invasion at Cooling Water
Intake Structure of Coastal Power Plant: We will use a flow-type testing apparatus simulating
the cooling water systems of the coastal power plant to clarify the optimal chlorine injection
method, taking into account changes in biofouling species flowing into the water intake andwater quality. This is intended to ultimately develop effective and eco-friendly countermeasures
for the prevention of biofouling on the cooling water system piping at electric power plants.
 Development of Performance Degradation Assessment and Enhancement Methods for
Thermal Power Civil Engineering and Building RC Structures: We will evaluate theanti-corrosion performance of materials containing corrosion inhibitors on iron-reinforced
concrete parts that are showing signs of aging, and examine its applicability, in order to extend
the life of iron-reinforced concrete structures along the coast through rational maintenance,
management and repairs.
 Development of Technologies for Increasing Use of Coal Ash: In the strength test required at
shipment, we will establish a new testing method, API (Assessed Pozzolanic-activity Index), thatenables a faster and more accurate assessment than the current JIS testing method by promoting
chemical reactions involved in strength development. This is intended to increase the use of coal
fly ash mixed into concrete as an additive (JIS fly ash).
Thermal technology to mitigate environmental load
 Development of Maintenance and Improvement Technology of Environmental Facilities
for Thermal Power Plants: We will clarify the mechanisms of the de-NOx catalyst
performance drop that occurs at coal-fired power plant through a detailed chemical analysis andnumerical simulation. In addition, we will evaluate the long-term performance of the online
system capable of monitoring selenium concentration in desulfurization wastewater, as well as abiochemical treatment system for selenium removal from desulfurization wastewater.
20 Development of Technologies to Reduce Environmental Burden from Thermal Power
Plants: In order to support the smooth commercial operation of an integrated gasification
combined cycle (IGCC) plant and next-generation IGCC designs, we will analyze and evaluate
the results of the demonstration tests and identify the expected improvement. In addition, we
will conduct strength tests and structure observation of heat-resistant alloys expected to be used
in Advanced Ultra-Supercritical (A-USC) power plants, and will develop methods of predicting
damage and useful life in particular conditions.
 Development of Biomass-Derived Power Generation Technology: We will identify the impactof the characteristics of carbonized woody biomass on grindability, combustibility andenvironmental features when mixed with coal, and will evaluate applicability in operations athigh mixing rate of carbonized woody biomass in coal-fired thermal power. This aims topromote the use of biomass co-combustion for the purpose of reducing CO2 emissions atcoal-fired thermal power plants.
Diversification of fossil fuels Development of Advanced Technologies to Apply Unused Fuel Resource to Thermal Power
Plants: In order to support the introduction of low-combustible bituminous coal, which has notbeen used such as a fuel thus far, we will evaluate the grinding and combustion characteristics
when the coal is blended with ordinary bituminous coal using our grinding and combustion test
facilities. In addition, we will begin developing technology capable of detecting spontaneous
combustion at an early stage through smell sensors when storing coal, such as highly
combustible sub-bituminous coal.
Response to large-scale introduction of renewable energy
 Load Following Capability Improvement of Thermal Power Plants: Advanced Humid Air
Turbine (AHAT) system is expected to achieve not only high thermal efficiency but also highflexibility for load and frequency changes. We will build a dynamic analysis model based on
operating results of a 40MW-class test plant, and analyze the effects of load and frequencychanges on the system.
Response to risk of disasters
 Development of Extreme Weather Forecasting and Hazard Evaluation Methods forElectric Power Facilities: In order to support the mitigation of damage to electric power
facilities from weather and marine disasters and their early restoration, we will evaluate weather
and marine hazards with high resolution using a long-term database of weather and marine
phenomena with a 5 km mesh carried out every hour. For example, we will present a hazard map

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for high waves and high tides in a format that is easy to use, helping to mitigate the damage
caused by flooding to thermal power plants.
3.

Hydroelectric power generation

CRIEPI engages in research that contributes to measures countering natural disasters such as
torrential rains and seismic movement at dams and other hydroelectric power facilities. We also
address research on the maintenance and management of existing hydroelectric power facilities
accurately and at the appropriate time based on on-site needs.
Disaster prevention and maintenance and management for hydropower facilities
 Development of Disaster Prevention and Maintenance Technologies for Hydropower
Facilities: In order to streamline preservation of aged hydropower facilities, we will identify the
dynamic response characteristics of arch dams in the face of large-scale earthquakes, as well as
develop a method for evaluating the anti-seismic performance of dam-gate piers. Moreover, we
will develop a method of analyzing the movement of sediment in rivers and reservoirs to predict
the flow of water, which changes as sediment built up in the dam is discharged, and the shape ofthe scour and sand accretions with a high degree of accuracy.
4.

Renewable energy

CRIEPI utilizes its basic technology to carry out research on stabilization technology for backbone
systems and power distribution systems compatible with the large-scale introduction of renewableenergy, and also develops technology for the expanded introduction of biomass and geothermal
power distribution, which is expected to generate stable output.
Stabilization of backbone power distribution networks compatible with large-volume
introduction
 Development of Supply-Demand Operation and Control Technology Using Energy Storage
System: 5. Electric power distribution (reference) Development of Next Generation Power Distribution Network System: 5. Electric power
distribution (reference) Development of Accurate Power Output Estimation and Forecast Techniques of
Photovoltaic and Wind Power Generation: 5. Electric power distribution (reference)
Expanded introduction of biomass and geothermal power generation22

 Development of Biomass-Derived Power Generation Technology: 2. Thermal power
generation (reference)
5.

Electric power distribution

CRIEPI carries out research with an emphasis on technical issues to strengthen wide-area network
operations and interconnection technology to preserve electric power distribution facilities, andcontribute to measures to counter the aging of facilities.
We will strengthen research into power distribution systems under the Research Team for Advanced
Management of Power Supply and Demand, set up in fiscal 2014, in accordance with the relevancefor the demand side, and carry out research responding to changes on the supply side, such as thelarge-scale introduction of photovoltaic power.
Moreover, we emphasize research that contributes to effective natural disaster countermeasures forelectric power distribution facilities. Specifically, we evaluate the risks to power transmission towers
and electric substations from seismic movement, and research countermeasures for wind and snow
damage.
Response to electricity system reform Development of Support Technology for Widening System Operation and Reinforcing
System Interconnection: We will pursue activities on the premise that CRIEPI’s Power System
Analysis Tool (CPAT) users will increase in order to respond to the necessity for wider-areasystem operations as a result of stronger interconnections, and will contribute to the greater
efficiency of wide-area system operation and planning. Generic simulation models ofline-commutated AC/DC converters for modeling frequency converter stations and DC
transmission systems and that of static Var compensators have been developed and implemented
in the electromagnetic transient analysis program XTAP. With these generic models, complicatedsimulation problems related to power system interconnections occurring today can be solved inan efficient way.
 Development of Techniques to Maintain Power System Stability under Steady-State andEmergency Conditions: We will develop supply/demand simulation tools that can analyze theoperations of the power generation resources and storage facilities under uncertain renewableenergy output in order to respond appropriately to the risk of surplus power and insufficientregulation capacity as large volumes of renewable energy are introduced. This is intended tomaintain the supply/demand balance under normal conditions. Using this simulation tool, we
will identify issues in ensuring supply/demand balance as renewable energy is introduced.

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 Development of ICT Infrastructure Building Techniques Based on General-Purpose
Communication Technology: In order to build a low-cost, high-performing, highly reliable
power system protection, monitoring and control system for widely connected networks, we will
evaluate the performance of synchronization when IP telecommunications is used between
substations and investigate applicability of security measures, such as certification andencryption, to the system by verification experiments.
Construction, maintenance and upgrades of substations and transmission lines
Advancing preservation technology for aged facilities
 Diagnostic Technology for Overhead Transmission Facilities: We will develop methods forpredicting sea salt accumulation on the inner and outer surfaces of steel pipes in transmission
towers based on the results of environmental measurements and exposure tests with the aim ofestablishing preventative maintenance and management methods for steel tower for powertransmission. We will also develop methods capable of assessing the occurrence of corrosion insteel pipes for specific regions.
 Diagnostic Technology for Underground Transmission Cable System: We will evaluate theresidual withstand voltage performance of 20–60kV CV cables that have been removed using
insulating property testing facilities, and establish a method to measure the life of CV cables inaccordance with the lying condition and the type of cable in order to make rational assessments
about renewal for underground power transmission facilities.
 Diagnostic Technology for Substation Equipment: For rational maintenance and replacementof oil-immersed power transformers, we will develop evaluation methods for internalmechanical stress and their tolerance, which deteriorates as a result of thermal aging. Based on
the developed method, a new evaluation method for residual life of oil-immersed powertransformers will be proposed.
Support to streamline facility design and operate facilities
 Solutions for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Interference(EMC/EMI) Caused by HV Substations and Transmission Lines: With the aim of developinga method for rationalized lightning protection and Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)
design for power facilities with digital control systems, we will evaluate the electromagnetic
field distribution and electromagnetic shield performance within the structure hit by lightning
through a contracted model test. We will work to elaborate a method for predicting the effect ofover-voltage and electromagnetic induction attributable to lightning on power facilities andequipment.

24 Evaluation and Validation of Washing Treatment for Low-Level PCB ContaminatedTransformers: As regards the heated, energized washing technology for PCB-contaminatedequipment authorized by the Ministry of the Environment, in order to expand the applicablerange of equipment to be washed (by type, capacity, PCB concentration, etc.), we will develop a
PCB concentration prediction model that can estimate the appropriate number of times the wash
oil should be replaced and the maximum concentration that can be washed.
Response to changes in supply form and demand-side changes
System stabilization on large-scale introduction of renewable energy
 Development of Supply-Demand Operation and Control Technology Using Energy Storage
System: With a view to stabilizing systems by utilizing storage batteries compatible with thelarge-scale introduction of renewable energy and operating supply/demand economically, we
will devise an affordable discharge and charge plan in the event that sodium and Sulphur
batteries are installed in the distribution system as a power source for peak hours, and will
examine the economic effect through actual system tests.
 Development of Next Generation Power Distribution Network System: In order toeffectively evaluate countermeasures for voltage variations in power distribution systems, suchas three-phase unbalances occurring when distributed power sources such as PV for households
are connected, we will develop a system analysis model for distributed power sources anddistribution equipment. We will also work to improve applicability on site by incorporating thisin existing integrated analysis tools for power distribution networks.
 Development of Power System Stabilization Technology in Trunk Transmission System
Assuming High Penetration of Renewable Energy: We will develop a mega-solar analysis
model included in system analysis based on actual tests of 3-phase PCS (Power Conditioning
Subsystem) for PV through power system simulators in order to evaluate the impact of the mass
introduction of renewable energy on trunk systems when the power system fault has occurred.
 Development of Accurate Power Output Estimation and Forecast Techniques of
Photovoltaic and Wind Power Generation: In order to accurately ascertain actual demand in
the supply area when PV is penetrated on a large scale and administer supply/demand in a stablemanner, we will work to improve the accuracy of a method to predict the amount of solar
radiation in a few hours using satellite data, based on the results of evaluations of solar radiationin various regions and seasons using weather prediction and analysis systems. We will also
develop a method to predict PV output within a few hours based on data on solar radiation
measurements on the ground.
Advanced power distribution system technology adjustable to the variation of demand region25 Power Quality Preservation and Enhancement for Distribution Systems with Advanced
Customer Devices: We will develop a static synchronous compensator (μSTATCOM) which isinstalled at the end of low-tension distribution lines to curb voltage gains due to PV and voltage
drops caused by EV charging on the consumers. In addition, we examine the effect that
μSTATCOM has in curbing voltage volatility using a simulated power distribution systemthrough supply/demand coordination experimental facilities for low-voltage distribution
systems.
Forming, maintaining and update power distribution facilities
 Development of Evaluation Technology on Lightning Risk Management and Fault Current
Countermeasures for Distribution Systems: We will quantitatively evaluate the internaltransient magnetic field triggered by malfunctions in smart meters when lightning strikes andwill propose methods for evaluating the frequency of malfunctions caused by lightning with theaim of providing a rational countermeasure for lightning damage to high-functioning power
distribution facilities and smart meters, which are spreading rapidly.
Response to disaster and human risks
 Evaluation and Measures of Earthquake Disaster Risk on Thermal Power: We will include
a method for acquiring information on damage using risk assessment models and satellite images,
taking into account the indirect damage such as tsunami flotsam and felled trees, in theearthquake, typhoon and damage estimation system (RAMP) that we developed and increase thesystem’s sophistication, with the aim of utilizing it to recover quickly from such disasters.
 Establishment of Protective Measure Technologies against Wind and Snow Damage ofOverhead Transmission and Distribution Facilities: In order to establish a handbook of snow
damage countermeasures that will contribute to the identification of points that should be
addressed and the selection of products to counter damage, we will continue operating
nationwide local snow damage measurement systems, including the full-scale test facilities forsnow-storm damage to overhead transmission lines in the Kushiro area. We will identify theweather conditions when snow damage occurs and verify the effect of snow damage
countermeasures.
6.

Services for power consumers

Under the special research team on next-generation electricity supply/demand management, we will
strengthen our research into the demand side with the aim of improving customer convenience andsatisfaction, looking not only at electricity supply, but also comprehensive energy services.
Specifically, we will pursue research on more advanced supply/demand management and technology
utilizing energy information.
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Promotion of energy conservation and electrification and enhanced customer satisfaction
 Assessment of the Value of Next-Generation Demand Management: Towards clients’satisfaction by lowering electricity tariffs through power supply cost reduction via demand peakshifts, we continue to carry out demonstration studies of consumers’ behavioral changes by
information provision to stimulate power savings. Based on those results, we will examine
effectiveness of those management methods for both households and commercial buildings.
 Development and Evaluation of Advanced Heat Pumps: We will evaluate the energy
conservation performance of an industrial-use steam-generating heat pump and determine
technical issues for actual operations. In addition, we will use the energy consumption analysis
tool (ECEP) that we developed to analyze energy consumption at actual factories and compile
information effective in promoting energy conservation and electrification with the aim ofproviding energy conservation and electrification solutions to the industrial and consumer
sectors.
 Research and Development for Electrification Promotion of the Transportation Sector: We
will assess the electric demand through the electrification in the transportation sector. In thisresearch, a traffic simulator "EV-OLYENTOR" is applied to examine the detail operation
condition of EV usage, and we will evaluate the future demand formation by EV charging at
homes and offices. We will also develop a wireless power transfer setup using loss reduction
techniques. These steps results will make the EV charging more convenient.
 Development of Energy Information Utilization Technology: We will analyze the mutual
relationship between actual data on the movement of individual equipment in the consumer’shome and the room environment (humidity, conditions in room, etc.) and data from smart meters.
We will also develop technology to detect equipment malfunctions in advance and measurement
techniques for equipment and living conditions (anomalous occurrences, etc.) that would be
effective in monitoring the elderly and in home security systems. These efforts are aimed atcreating new services that will improve customer satisfaction.
7.

Environment

We engage in research responding to environmental policy combatting global warming. Moreover,
we are pursuing research on technical issues to achieve an efficient environmental assessment.
Response to environmental policy and regulations
 Scientifically and Economically Rational Scenarios to Reduce CO2 Emissions: We will
carefully examine the relationship between the rise in temperature and cumulative CO2
emissions indicated in the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report and lay out the direction for27

long-term environmental and energy strategy, including feasible adaptation measures, given
prospects for the development and spread of the most recent knowledge on climate science andlow-carbon technology.
Efficient environmental assessment
 Development of Advanced and Efficient Impact Assessment Methods for Atmospheric
Environment: We will develop numerical models, as a substitute for wind tunnel experiences,for predictions of diffusion of low-stack LNG thermal exhaust gas and wind speed at coalstorage yards affected by structures and topography with the aim of simplifying and speeding up
environmental impact assessments. In addition, we will model the secondary formation process
in exhaust gas plumes to assess the impact of power station’s exhaust gas has on secondary air
pollution in the surrounding area (such as PM2.5).
 Development of Advanced and Efficient Impact Assessment Methods for Coastal
Environment: We will develop a three-dimensional prediction model for the dispersion of cold
and warm water discharge, taking into account of the warm water recirculation and the coastal
bathymetry, with the aim of corresponding environmental assessments in various site conditionsof coastal power plants. Moreover, we will develop a method for prompt and efficient coastal
environmental assessments, integrating the data assimilation technique and the observational
data with the latest remote sensing, such as marine radars, drones and next-generation satellites.
 Development of Efficient Impact Assessment Methods for Ecosystems: We will develop an
animal survey technique using sound information processing that makes labor-saving
environmental assessments possible, with the aim of developing an efficient survey andenvironmental prediction method for land animals and plants and ecosystems in environmental
assessments. We will also work on development of a portable three-dimensional measurement
system for bird flight, and develop an efficient and highly accurate bird assessment method.
8.

Business management

Towards establishing robust and flexible power supply systems under dramatically changing
business environment such as the electricity system reform and the large-scale introduction ofrenewable energy, we will exam policy and institutional issues and thereby provide information
useful for countermeasures undertaken by the power utility industry.
Analysis of energy and environmental policies
 Issues in Institutional Design of the Electricity System Reform: We will identify the issues inoperating power transmission and distribution systems after legal unbundling following
electricity system reform, as well as issues and key points in the capacity market and wholesale28

electricity market, by which surplus capacity is procured via market mechanisms. We will also
lay out the direction for institutional design to establish an appropriate business environment.
 Socio-Economic Analysis of Nuclear Power Generation: We will quantitatively evaluate
nuclear power policies in a multi-faceted manner in terms of long-term energy supply anddemand, power generation costs and environmental impact, taking into account socio-economic
trends. Based on this, we will identify the necessary measures for better communication withlocal stakeholders so that nuclear power plant operators can earn the public trust.
 Effects of Large Scale Introduction of Renewable Energy: We will quantitatively identify theeffect caused by the introduction of renewable energy and the additional costs of securing
coordination capacity needed as a result of this introduction, and will evaluate the costeffectiveness by scale of introduction in order to design socio-economically rational systems.
 Evaluation and Analysis of Climate Policy: We will evaluate various measures and policies,
such as voluntary actions by the industrial sectors to reduce emissions, promotion of energy
conservation, the introduction of renewable energy, the development of technologies to mitigate
and counter the impact on the climate, and environmental taxes and emission trading so thatJapan’s global warming countermeasures are cost effective.

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