C-09-03

CFP Communication Program

Requirements for
CFP quantification and declaration

Revised on October 2, 2012
Document ID: C-09-03

Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry

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Contents

1.

Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................... 42.

Principles of CFP quantification method .............................................................................. 6
2.1.

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) covered by quantification .................................................. 6

2.2.

Product system (data collection range) ......................................................................... 6
2.2.1.

Refining of a product system .................................................................................. 6

2.2.2.

Cut-off items ............................................................................................................ 6

2.2.3.

Cut-off criteria.......................................................................................................... 6

2.3.

Life cycle flow chart ........................................................................................................ 7

2.4.

Equation of quantification of CO2 emissions.................................................................. 7

2.5.

Criteria on data quality, and data collection method ...................................................... 8
2.5.1.

Primary data collection range ................................................................................. 9

2.5.2.

Criteria on primary data quality ............................................................................... 9

2.5.3.

Principles of primary data collection method ........................................................ 10

2.5.3.1.

Activity data, and factor to calculate activity data ............................................. 10

2.5.3.2.

Emission factor .................................................................................................. 122.5.4.

Criteria on secondary data quality ........................................................................ 122.5.5.

Secondary data collection method ....................................................................... 13

2.5.5.1.

Activity data, and factor to calculate activity data ............................................. 13

2.5.5.2.

Emission factor .................................................................................................. 13

2.6.

Transport ...................................................................................................................... 13

2.7.

Principles of allocation ................................................................................................. 13
2.7.1.

Criteria on allocation for reuse and recycling ....................................................... 14

2.8.

Cregit that alternative system carries .......................................................................... 16

2.9.

Biomass........................................................................................................................ 16

2.10.

Delayed emissions of CO2, and carbon storage in a product...................................... 16

2.11.

Land use change .......................................................................................................... 16

2.12.

Organizing of evidence used for CFP quantification ................................................... 17

2.13.

The way of inclusion of CO2 emissions arising from each life cycle stage.................. 17

3.

Principles of CFP declaration method ............................................................................... 18
3.1.

Basic requirements of the businesses that wish to make a CFP declaration.............. 18

3.2.

Contents of CFP declaration ........................................................................................ 18
3.2.1.

Definitions of CFP declaration .............................................................................. 18

3.2.2.

Basic rules of CFP declaration ............................................................................. 19

3.2.3.

CFP mark .............................................................................................................. 192

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3.3.

3.2.4.

Value in a CFP mark ............................................................................................. 19

3.2.5.

Additional information ........................................................................................... 20

3.2.6.

Registration information ........................................................................................ 21

Comparisons between products .................................................................................. 22
3.3.1. Display of CFP quantification results which were compared between products by
the same business .................................................................................................. 22
3.3.2.

Comparisons of the target product versus other businesses’ product ................. 22

3.3.3.

Avoidance of comparisons of numerical values in the market ............................. 22

3.3.4. Comparisons of CFPs between the product of this CFP program and the product ofanother CFP program ............................................................................................. 23
4.

Other requirements for CFP quantification and declaration .............................................. 24
4.1.

Interpretation ................................................................................................................ 24

4.2.

Series product .............................................................................................................. 24

Annex A (normative): Global Warming Potential ........................................................................ 25
Annex B (normative): Quantification method for GHG emissions associated with fuelconsumption during transport .......................................................................................... 26
Annex C (normative): Display of comparisons of CFP quantification results by the samebusiness.......................................................................................................................... 28
Annex D (normative): Series product ......................................................................................... 31
D1. Type A series product: a type to set the same CFP quantification value for one series
product. ....................................................................................................................... 31
D2. Type B series product: a type to estimate CFP quantification value from relational
equation, for one series product ................................................................................. 32

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C-09-03
This document prescribes requirements for quantification and declaration of CFP (Carbon Footprint of
Products) under the CFP Communication Program (hereinafter called “the CFP Program”) operated
and managed by JEMAI (Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry). The businesses
that wish to conduct “CFP quantification and declaration” (hereinafter called “the businesses”) shallmake CFP quantification and declaration based on the requirements of this document and applicable
CFP-PCR.
* Italic types in the following document do not show requirements, but show examples and explanationsof requirements.

1. Terms and definitions
This document shall apply the following terms and definitions.

1.1. Final goods
Final form of product (product itself and accessories) reached to consumer.

1.2. Intermediate goods
Form of product (product itself and accessories) reached to middleman, which will be processed
and then will be provided to consumer.

1.3. Ancillary input
Material input that is used only in a specific site or a specific process, but which does not constitutepart of the product. It includes chemicals and cleaning agent, etc., to be used in a production site.

1.4. Wastes
Items to be disposed of, to be recycled, or to be reused.

1.5. Treatment of wastes
Treatment (incineration, landfill, etc.) of items to be disposed of, and recycling preparation of items
to be recycled.

1.6. Recycling preparation
Treatment processes to prepare recycling of materials/parts constituting end-of-life product. The
covered range of each material is up to and including; baling processes for plastics, packing
processes for paper, manufacturing cullet processes for glass, and pressed processing processes
for metals.
When crushing and sorting are needed as recycling preparation, the crushing and sorting
processes shall be included in the covered range.

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1.7. Co-products
Of products coming from process or product system, the items covered by allocation.

1.8. Transport volume
Volume of ton-kilometer to be multiplied by emission factor, when quantifying CO2 emissions
associated with fuel consumption during transport.

1.9. Standard weight
Prescribed weight of product contents, or averaged weight of product contents at shipping, insales unit of the product.

1.10. Activity data
An indicator which represents the amount of activity in correlation with CO2 emissions. It includes,for example, use amount of materials, consumption amount of electricity, and volume of items
landfilled, etc., though the amount depends on activity.

1.11. Emission factor
An indicator which shows CO2 emissions per activity data. The unit is “kg-CO2e/unit of activity
data”. It includes, for example, CO2 emissions per kg of certain material, which were emitted fromnatural resource extraction to material production, though the amount depends on activity.

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2. Principles of CFP quantification method
2.1. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) covered by quantification“GHGs” listed in Table 1 shall be covered by quantification.
Table 1: “GHGs” covered by quantification
Items
Types of GHGs

Contents
Six types of GHGs: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6(i.e. GHGs covered by the Kyoto Protocol)

Emission source

Anthropogenic process (including emissions from livestock andcoveredfrom other farming process)

GWP (Global

The 100-year GWP of GHGs in the IPCC 2nd assessment report,

Warming Potential)

provided in Annex A (normative)(Quantification criteria on GHG emissions by country prescribedby the Kyoto Protocol)

Hereinafter, CO2 equivalent emissions, which are calculated by converting from GHG emissions,
are simply described as “CO2 emissions” in this document.

2.2. Product system (data collection range)
2.2.1. Refining of a product system
CFP quantification shall be conducted based on the product system (data collection range)
described in applicable CFP-PCR. If a certain process which exists in the product system of
CFP-PCR, however, is not included in the actual product system of the covered product, theprocess may not be quantified.

2.2.2. Cut-off items
It is considered that comprehensive investigation of a product system could impose an excessive
work burdens on the businesses. Therefore, generally in CFP quantification, insignificant life cycle
stage, process, or flow in a life cycle of applicable product, may be conducted cut-off from theproduct system (namely, excluding from the data collection range), provided that it meets a given
criteria. Cut-off item can be set for each cut-off criteria in No.2.2.3.
Cut-off can be conducted for the cut-off items prescribed in applicable CFP-PCR. Moreover, cut-off
items may be added for target product in CFP quantification pursuant to the cut-off criteria in
No.2.2.3.

2.2.3. Cut-off criteria(1) Parts, materials, containers/packaging, and ancillary inputs can be conducted cut-off within
cumulative 5% of the mass of the reference flow. However, if the item has small mass but its

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CO2 emissions are assumed to be large, it shall be included in the product system (e.g.:
printed board in electronics).
(2) Wastes can be conducted cut-off within cumulative 5 % of the mass of the reference flow.
However, even if the item has small mass but its CO2 emissions are assumed to be large, it
shall be included in the product system (e.g., refrigerant leakage from air-conditioning, releaseof N2O arising from nitrogen fertilizer, etc.).
(3) For a flow or a process which cannot be collected its data in mass, the sum of CO2 emissions
which are conducted cut-off shall be within 5 % of the total CFP trial quantification results (e.g.,transport process within a site).
(4) The field which can be conducted cut-off shall meet the conditions where it is difficult to modela validate scenario for the field due to lack of sufficient reliable information (e.g.: constructionof production plant, capital goods, indirect department, etc.).

2.3. Life cycle flow chart
Life cycle flow chart shall be created for each target product, by referring to a life cycle flow chartof applicable CFP-PCR.

2.4. Equation for quantification of CO2 emissions
In general, CO2 emissions are quantified for each process within a product system by using thefollowing equation, and then the calculation results are added up.
CO2 emissions = ∑( Activity data i x Emission factor i )“i ” in the equation above refers to a process.
Note: Examples of activity data and CO2 emission factor (hereinafter called “emission factor”) aredescribed in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Examples of activity and emission factor
Life cycle
stage

Examples of activity

Examples of emission factor

Rawmaterial

Use amount of materials

CO2 emissions per kg of the materials

acquisition
Production

CO2 emissions per kg of the items

Weight of items assembled

during assembling

Electricity consumption amountCO2 emissions per kWh of the electricity

during production
Transport volume (kg-km)
Distribution= Transport distance x Loading ratio x
Loading weight of truck

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CO2 emissions per kg-km (transportvolume) of the products

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Use and

Electricity consumption amount

maintenanceduring usage

Disposal
andrecycling

CO2 emissions per kWh of the electricity
CO2 emissions per kg of the wastes

Weight of items landfilled

when landfilled.

Weight of items recycled

CO2 emissions per kg of the items whentreating for recycling preparation.

2.5. Criteria on data quality, and data collection method“Primary data” refers to the data obtained from a direct measurement or a calculation based on
direct measurements at its original source within the product system.
Note: It includes fuel consumption record measured by fuel gauge, bills/receipts, or number of
products and yield ratio listed in the table of product production control, etc.
“Secondary data” refers to the data obtained from sources other than a direct measurement or acalculation based on direct measurements at the original source within the product system.
Note: It includes basic secondary data and available secondary data, provided by JEMAI.
The relation between “activity data and emission factor” and “primary data and secondary data”
are described in Table 3.
Table 3: Relation between “activity data and emission factor” and “primary data and secondary data”-

Primary data

Secondary data

Examples- Activity data collected by the- Transport distance between sites,of activity

business (use amount of materials,

provided by JEMAI

data, andweight of items assembled,- Unit heat value of fuels, provided byexamples

electricity consumption amountJEMAI

of factors

during production)- Values described in a scenario of

to calculate- Planned value or designed value

CFP-PCR

activity

which is collected by the business,- IPCC Guidelines for Nationaldata

estimated value obtained fromGreenhouse Gas Inventories (by IPCC)

similar product- The National GHGs Inventory Report of- Yield ratio of similar product, which

JAPAN (by National Institute foris collected from the business

Environmental Studies)- Data from other published references

Examples- Emission factor obtained from- Basic secondary dataof emission“registration information approved- Available secondary data

factorby verification” of the product- Values described in CFP-PCR

actually used by the business- Emission factor obtained from- Emission factor calculated based on“registration information approved by8

C-09-03
primary data which were collectedverification”

by the business or the suppliers in a
supply chain

2.5.1. Primary data collection range
Primary data shall be collected by following primary data collection range prescribed in applicable
CFP-PCR. However, it shall not apply to the case where a process or a flow, which is prescribed inprimary data collection range, is conducted cut-off.

2.5.2. Criteria on primary data quality
The criteria on data quality required when collecting primary data shall prescribe as follows. When
there are concrete criteria in applicable CFP-PCR, it shall follow them.
[Criteria on time-related coverage]- It shall be the term of the most recent one year, or the term which can be justified as equivalent to
the most recent one year.
[Criteria on geographical coverage]- Locality shall be taken into account in CFP quantification. Based on the data of each region, CFP
shall be appropriately quantified. However, in the case that locality does not exist or issignificantly small, it may not be taken into account.
- When multiple sites are included in primary data collection range, primary data shall be collectedfrom the sites accumulating more than 50% of the total production or procurement volume of allsites by using less biased method. Or, it shall be the range which can ensure equivalent validity.
[Criteria on technology coverage]- It shall be the production technology of applicable product, or shall be the production technology
of similar product which can ensure equivalent validity to the production technology of theapplicable product.
[Criteria on reproducibility]- The basis of data shall be clear.
[Exceptions of criteria on primary data quality of raw materials when collecting primary data fromsuppliers]- Criteria on time-related coverage shall be arbitrary one year within the most recent three years,
or shall be the coverage which can ensure equivalent validity to the arbitrary one year within themost recent three years.

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C-09-03[Exceptions of criteria on primary data quality in the case of primary industries]
When there are many farmers who cultivating or breeding the product to be quantified, theaveraged data of primary data which were collected from the part of the farmers can be applied forthe rest of farmers. When this method is used, it shall be ensured that the farmers whose primary data
were collected are unbiased. The ensuring method can use classification such as by farming scale, by
farming efficiency of all farmers. In that case, it should show that the classified sample data fits the
distribution of each classification.

2.5.3. Principles of primary data collection method
2.5.3.1. Activity data, and factor to calculate activity data
When collecting primary data, the following method shall be used. When concrete criteria on themethod are described in applicable CFP-PCR, it shall follow them.
[Data collection by the process based method]
Measurement shall be conducted by using the method A described below. When measurement by
the method A is difficult, the method B may be used or the method A and B may be combined.
(A): the method to add up each input amount and discharge amount of each item, bycollecting data of “per operation unit” or “per equipment/facility operation (e.g., “operating
hours,” “operating area size,” “operating distance,” etc.).
Note: an example of equation:
Operating time of machine x Fuel consumption of machine by hour
= Fuel consumption
Equipments and facilities which greatly contribute to the results shall be checked whether
they are added up without omission.
In addition, the same process based method is applied to the output other than the products
produced in the same site, then consistency shall be checked whether the sum total of all
products calculated by the method does not greatly differ from actual site-total values.

The operation unit of equipment/facility (e.g., operating hours, operating area size, operating
distance, etc.) may be adopted from such information sources as farming diaries, farming
management software, and other farming records.
(B): the method to allocate actual results of business unit, building unit, floor unit, or line unit,
etc., for a certain period among output
Note: for example, annual total input amount of fuels is allocated between the products
produced.
Allocation method shall follow the requirements in No.2.7. Co-products shall be allocated.

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C-09-03[Other considerations when collecting data]-

Designed value, planned value, and estimated value

Though data collection of input/output flows of each process shall prioritize actual measurement,“designed value” and “planned value” obtained from product brief, specifications, or mixing
standards, etc., and “estimated value” obtained from process of similar product, may be used.
However, when using such designed value, planned value, and estimated value, criteria on
primary data quality shall be fulfilled.

-

Considerations of loss rate of input amountThe amount of each input to each process shall be calculated by considering the loss rate of eachprocess. However, it shall not apply to the case where considerations of such loss rates are notviable due to various inputs or processes.

-

WastesThe data on wastes volume shall be collected based on material balance of each process.
However, when data collection based on material balance is not viable because of so many inputs
and processes, it may be allocated by using wastes volume discharged from an entire plant.
Note: for example, volume of wastes discharged from an entire plant can be collected from its
control manifest for industrial waste.

-

Waste water

When waste water is discharged after treated in treatment facility (sewage treatment tank) within
the operation range of the businesses, the data in the treatment process of the treatment facility
shall be collected. Sludge from treatment facility shall follow the requirements in the previous
paragraph, “Wastes”.

-

Internally generated electricity

When using the electricity internally generated within the operation range of the businesses, theconsumption amount of the fuels for generating the electricity shall be collected by type of thefuels.

-Steam

When steams are internally supplied and used within the operational range of the businesses, theconsumption amount of the fuels for generating the steams shall be collected by type of the fuels.

-

Ground water

If ground water is used within the operation range of the businesses, the consumption amount of
the energy used for pumping up and clearing the water shall be included.

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2.5.3.2. Emission factor
When creating emission factor by using primary data, it shall add up not only the impacts
associated with inputs, but also the impacts associated with transport of “wastes” and “waste
water” discharged from production to treatment facility, and the impacts associated with thetreatment of them.
Moreover, when there is a CFP-PCR in a supply chain of the product covered by CFP
quantification, emission factor should be created by collecting primary data, after quoted fromapplicable part of the CFP-PCR.
Note: for example, when primary data is collected to be used as emission factor ofcontainers/packaging, the data collection should be conducted based on the CFP-PCR related tothe containers/packaging.
- Emission factor obtained from released “CFP data approved by verification”
When CFP verified product or its similar product is used in a life cycle of applicable product, theemission factor obtained from the declaration of the CFP verified product may be used as primarydata. In the case that a product which is used in a life cycle of applicable product is not the samebut the similar product, and does not meet the criteria on primary data quality (No.2.5.2), it cannot
be used as primary data, but can be used as secondary data.

-

Emission factor collected by the businesses or by the data suppliers in a supply chain

The emission factor which is calculated based on primary data, collected by the businesses or by
the data suppliers in the supply chain, may be used as primary data. However, the primary datacollected by the businesses or by the data suppliers in a supply chain shall meet the criteria on
primary data quality (No.2.5.2).

2.5.4. Criteria on secondary data quality
Data quality required when collecting secondary data shall be prescribed as below.
[Criteria on technology coverage]- It shall have high similarity to production technology of applicable product. Or, it shall be theproduction technology of applicable product.
[Criteria on reproducibility]- Source of data shall be disclosed. “Disclosed” here includes not only “open to the public,” butalso “published in a book or journal,” “disclosed exclusive to members,” and “release on thesoftware,” and so forth.

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Data collection items which exceed more than 20% of the CFP quantification results shall meet thecriteria on secondary data quality. When they are described in applicable CFP-PCR, it shall follow
the rules.

2.5.5. Secondary data collection method
When secondary data collection method is described in applicable CFP-PCR, it shall follow therules.
Quantification of GHGs other than the CO2 from livestock, manures, or soil (e.g., the quantificationof N2O emissions arising from fertilizer) shall follow the methods described in the National GHGs
Inventory Report of JAPAN (by National Institute for Environmental Studies) or internationallyapproved literatures such as the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (by
IPCC).

2.5.5.1. Activity data, and factor to calculate activity data
The following data may be used.
-

Transport distance between the sites, provided by JEMAI-

Unit heat value of fuels, provided by JEMAI-

Values in the scenario of applicable CFP-PCR-

National GHGs Inventory Report of JAPAN (by National Institute for Environmental Studies)-

IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (by IPCC)-

The database provided by JLCA (by Life Cycle Assessment Society of Japan)-

Other data from published literatures and materials

2.5.5.2. Emission factor
Businesses can use the basic secondary data, the available secondary data, and the “registration
information approved by CFP verification,” provided by JEMAI.
For establishing coherence of data to be used and consistency of CFP quantification methods, thebusinesses shall represent their high prioritized database to be used, and they shall selectemission factor data by following the order of the prioritized database.
Note: for example, when the basic database is put on the top of the priority for CFP quantification,
the businesses cannot use available secondary data despite the data of a certain material isincluded in the basic database.

2.6. Transport-

The method of quantifying the CO2 emissions associated with fuel consumption duringtransport is provided in Annex B (normative).

2.7. Principles of allocation
When multiple products are produced from a process, input and output flows are required to be13

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allocated between the multiple products. The allocation shall be conducted based on the following
steps.
a) Step 1: Wherever possible, allocation should be avoided by
1) dividing the unit process to be allocated into two or more sub-processes and collecting
the input and output data related to these sub-processes, or2) expanding the product system to include the additional functions related to theco-products.
b) Step 2: Where allocation cannot be avoided, the input flows and output flows of the systemshould be partitioned between its different products or functions in a way that reflects theunderlying physical relationships between them; i.e. they should reflect the way in which the input
flows and output flows are changed by quantitative changes in the products or functions deliveredby the system.
Note: for example, it may be allocated in proportion to mass, heat quantity, numerical quantity of
product, and operational area, etc., between co-products.

c) Step 3: Where physical relationship alone cannot be established or used as the basis forallocation, the input flows and output flows should be allocated between the products andfunctions in a way that reflects other relationships between them.
Note: for example, input and output flows data might be allocated between co-products inproportion to the economic value of the products. In other case, allocation based on monetary
value can considered as valid, when lightweight and high value-added product (e.g., precious
metal) is output from the same process.

Some output flows may be partly co-products and partly waste. In such cases, the input flows andoutput flows shall be allocated to the co-products part only. The judgment whether it is co-product or
not shall be decided by comprehensive judgment in social aspects.

Note: for example, byproduct which has significantly small economic value comparing to main
product, is not allocated by including in co-products and treating as wastes.

Allocation procedures shall be uniformly applied to similar input flows and output flows of the productsystem.

Note: for example, when allocation is conducted for usable products which leave the productsystem (e.g., intermediate product or discarded product), the allocation procedures shall apply
to the similar allocation procedures to be used for the products entering the product system.

2.7.1. Criteria on allocation for reuse and recycling
The allocation principles shall also apply to the case of reuse and recycling.

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When allocation cannot be avoided, the following procedures should be used for the allocation.

-

In the case of open-loop
Of wastes, for the items to be recycled, the boundary of its product system shall be the range
from the transport process for recycling preparation site to the recycling preparation process(refer to Chart 1). Items leaving from the product system and already available for recycling
treatment shall not be allocated (allocation factor is treated as zero). However, when the
allocation by this method is not appropriate, it shall consider appropriate methods by using theStep 2 and the Step 3 described in No.2.7.
Up to and including processes of , plastics:
baling, paper: packing, glass: manufacturingcullet, and metals: pressed processing

Another product system(out of the system boundary)

Another product system
Scope covered by quantification(out of the system boundary)(within the system boundary)Chart 1: An example of setting a system boundary for open-loop recycling
Of wastes, for items to be reused, the processes up to the point of disposal shall be included in the
product system (refer to Chart 2). The items to be reused shall not be allocated (allocation factor istreated as zero).

After use, up to the timeof disposal

Another product system(out of the system boundary)

Scope covered by quantification(within the system boundary)Chart 2: Example of setting a system boundary for open-loop reuse-

In the case of closed-loop

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The items to be reused or recycled shall not be allocated.

2.8. Credit that alternative system carries
When the product system is expanded to include additional functions related to the co-products foravoiding allocation, a carried credit of the alternative product system which has equivalentfunctions to the co-products can be displayed as additional information. In this case, however, theassessment shall be conducted carefully by considering equivalence of the functions between thealternative system and the co-product, and its appropriateness. In addition, cares shall be also
taken to consistency of the product system. Therefore, display of the carried credit attributable tothe alternative system can be conducted only when they meet the scope and requirements
prescribed in the CFP-PCR. It also applied to the case where indirect impacts by reuse or byopen-loop recycling are excluded.

2.9. Biomass
CFP quantification shall not include any CO2 arising from burning or biodegrading of the biomass
which is managed in a sustainable way or which is made by reusing waste woods. This is becausethat biomass fixes CO2 from the air during its production (i.e. during growth of woods), and theamount of the CO2 arising from its incineration or biodegradation is equal to the amount of the CO2
fixed.
Note: for example, though woods are circulative resources, if they are overused, the problem is
expected that growing of trees cannot keep up with logging of woods. Therefore, CO2 emissions
may not be included in CFP quantification only when the biomass is the wood which wasprocured from forests appropriately afforested and preserved, or is the reused item such aswaste wood.
The CO2 emissions associated with activity for producing and transporting biomass, and the GHG
emissions (methane, etc.) arising from biodegradation, shall be included in the product system.

2.10. Delayed emissions of CO2, and carbon storage in a productFor durable goods, there is a case that estimated use period is more than several decades. In thiscase, the CO2 emissions of use, disposal, or recycling of the product, are emitted delaying fromthe time of production of the product. However, CFP shall be quantified not by considering any
impacts due to such delayed emissions and carbon storage in the product.

2.11. Land use change
For direct land use change, when the emissions due to such change highly contributes to the life
cycle, it shall be included in the product system, and it shall be quantified based on internationallyrecognized method such as IPCC guidelines.

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2.12. Organizing of evidence used for CFP quantification
To make CFP quantification processes easily confirmed, evidence shall be organized with clear
relations of correspondence between evidence and data collection item.

2.13. The way of inclusion of CO2 emissions arising from each life cycle stage
Wastes from each life cycle stage (e.g., mill ends in the production stage, packing materials fortransport in the distribution stage, etc.), transport from emission source of wastes to treatment
facility (final disposal site or recycling preparation facility), and CO2 emissions associated withtreatment of wastes shall be included in each life cycle stage where the wastes discharged from,and not included in the disposal and recycling stage.
For the yield rate loss of raw materials in each life cycle stage (e.g., mill ends in the production
stage, etc.), the CO2 emissions from raw materials procurement to production shall be included in
the life cycle stage related to the raw materials procurement, and not included in the life cycle
stage in which the loss is occurred.
In CFP-PCR, each process within the product system is categorized into each life cycle stage.
However, there is a case that a certain process does not fit such categorization of the life cycle
stage, such as due to actual conditions of production process of the businesses. In the case,applicable process may be categorized as and included into another life cycle stage other than
the stage categorized in the CFP-PCR.

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3. Principles of CFP declaration method
3.1. Basic requirements of the businesses that wish to make a CFP declaration
Businesses that can decide a brand of applicable product can make a CFP declaration. The one
who will make a CFP declaration may be a group of the businesses (e.g., industrial association),and not limited to individual company.
Businesses that wish to make a CFP declaration shall comply with the rules described below.
-

The businesses shall make efforts to continuously reduce their own CO2 emissions. However,setting concrete value target is not mandatory.

-

The businesses shall conform to various laws and regulations related to labeling of product(e.g., the Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, theMeasurement Act, etc.). Approval by verification in this CFP program does not mean theconformance to such laws and regulations.

-

For CFP declaration, the common CFP mark and the several formats for display, prescribed in
the operation of this CFP program, shall be used.

-

In the communication using this CFP program, particular care shall be taken in order not to use
expressions which can lead to consumer misleading, and not to compare with othercompany’s product.

3.2. Contents of CFP declaration
3.2.1. Definitions of CFP declaration“CFP declaration” refers to the following information to be disclosed based on CFP quantification
results.
-

CFP mark-

Values in a CFP mark-Additional information-

Registration information

CFP declaration is used for communication to achieve the purpose of this CFP program
described below.
-

To “visualize” the CO2 emissions emitted from a life cycle of a product (good or service).

-

To share “awareness” related to actions for reducing CO2 emissions among businesses andconsumers.

-

By using “visualized” information, businesses promote further reduction of CO2 emissions bycooperating between companies constituting a supply chain.

-

By using “visualized” information, consumers voluntarily change their consumption styles tolower carbon lifestyles.

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C-09-03
3.2.2. Basic rules of CFP declaration
The target for which CFP declaration will be interested parties such as consumers andbusinesses who use such released information.
The CFP declaration shall be easily understandable for the receivers of the information and shall
avoid the expressions which lead to misleading of the receivers. For concrete contents, refer to"Guidelines for Environmental Representations (the Ministry of the Environment: 2009)”.

3.2.3. CFP mark
CFP mark can be used after the applicant developed drafts of CFP quantification and declaration,
and was approved by verification.
The CFP mark is attached on the product itself or on the package of the product in principle. In
addition, the businesses may select the means of releasing the CFP mark, for example, on thewebsite, in a pamphlet, in an environmental report, in a price tag, at shop, via a QR cord, or via
any other means to be considered. However, the businesses shall not select the means to givemisleading to interested parties.
Note: for example, for the CFP quantification and declaration which are made for printed matter,if the contents of the printed matter are provided with another form (e.g., electronic form), the
CFP mark shall be removed from the contents, or shall be described in a way to make clear that
it is the CFP value of printed matter.
Intermediate goods can also be displayed a CFP mark. However, to avoid consumer misleading,coverage part of the CFP quantification (e.g., “Only containers are assessed,” etc.) shall be
displayed in the additional information. When the businesses wish to display “a mark ofintermediate goods” on final goods (e.g., on product containers), they shall maturely consider the
displaying method for avoiding consumer misleading and shall take measures for such
avoidance.

3.2.4. Value in a CFP mark“Value in a CFP mark” refers to the value to be displayed in a CFP mark based on CFP
quantification results. The businesses shall select whether they display numerical values in the
CFP mark or not.
The followings are examples of the unit used for the display of numerical values. The businesses
shall select according to not only quantification unit, but also their purpose of CFP
communications.
Note: Examples of units of the value in a CFP mark-Per use of 1,000 hours of 100 watts light-

Per product-

Per set of 5 products

19C-09-03-

Per 100g of contents-

Per m3 of timber volume-

Reduction ratio (e.g.: reduction ratio of emissions compared to the base year, etc.)-

Without value (only a CFP mark is displayed)

Displayed digits of the value in a CFP mark shall be rounded off to the nearest ten in principle. It
shall also be applied to the case of comparative display of reduction ratio.
Note: for example, when CFP quantification result is “123g,” it is rounded off to “120g”. When
conducting comparative display, the difference value between comparative products is firstly
calculated in 3 digit numbers before rounded off, and then the resulted difference value isrounded off to the nearest ten.
Value in a CFP mark can be displayed only within a range that the CFP quantification results,
quantified

based

on

its

CFP

quantification

requirements,areassumedtohaverepresentativeness.
Note: for example, for the disposal method of end-of-use product, numerical values can bedisplayed when it is assessed based on the actual disposal conditions of the applicable
end-of-use product. Numerical values cannot be displayed in a CFP mark, however, when CFP
is quantified by using assumptions such as “100% of these items were recycled,” because suchcase has not representativeness.

3.2.5. Additional information“Additional information” refers to the information relating to CFP quantification results to be
displayed near the CFP mark. Additional information is used for communications between
businesses and consumers. The type of additional information can be categorized as follows;
the one which shall be displayed for avoiding consumer misleading, the one which should be
displayed to promote communications, and the one which can be displayed.
Additional information which will be approved shall be the information which meets the following.
- The information relating to CFP quantification results- The information approved in this document, or the information approved in applicable
CFP-PCR.
Note: This provision shall not preclude any information which is not covered by this CFP
program (e.g., information related to carbon offsetting credits) to be displayed near the CFP
mark.
[Additional information which shall be displayed]- The unit of values to be displayed (e.g.: per product, per 100g of contents, or per serving, etc.).
- If a certain life cycle stage is excluded from the assessment, the life cycle stage (process, flow)
included in the assessment, or the life cycle stage (process, flow) excluded from the assessment.

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C-09-03
Explanations may be expressed not only with texts, but also with chart, or pie chart describing
constitution ratio of each life cycle stage.
-

If comparisons (e.g., reduction ratio) are displayed, the requirements for displaying
comparisons, prescribed in Annex C (normative).

-

For durable consumer goods, the estimated use period related to the value in the CFP mark(e.g.: the estimated use period of a LED bulb is 10 years).

-

If CO2 emissions of the alternative system are excluded, “the alternative system” and “theapplicable excluded CO2 emissions of the alternative system”.

- If there are overlaps between target product and the other CFP-PCR previously approved, andif the differences between those CFP-PCRs could lead consumer misleading, the informationon the differences described in the other approved CFP-PCR (e.g., the process covered by theassessment).
-

Other information prescribed in CFP-PCR.

When no value is displayed in the CFP mark, the items described above need not be additionallydisplayed.
[Additional information which should be displayed]-

Graph of the ratio of CO2 emissions by life cycle stage, by process, or by flow, etc.

[Additional information which can be displayed]-

The contents disclosed as registration information.

-

If the product system does not include an alternative system, the excluded CO2 emissions of
the alternative system (which includes indirect impacts by reuse and recycling).

-

In the case of a product which uses woods, the information related to delayed emissions of
CO2 and the information related to carbon fixation in the product.

-

The target value of CO2 emission reductions by the businesses, and its degree of attainment.

-

Simplified life cycle flow chart.

-

The display related to the use method (e.g.: “By adopting this use method, the CO2 emissions
become less than the value displayed.”)-The display related to recycling of containers (e.g.: for promoting recycling of empty containers,
displayed as follows: “If this container is 100% recycled, the CO2 emissions become less thanthe value displayed.”)-If the product system is expanded, the functions to be added.

-

Display of value in a CFP mark in another unit which can be easily understood.

3.2.6. Registration information“Registration information” refers to the information related to CFP quantification and declaration,
which is released on the JEMAI website. Registration information is used for ensuring21

C-09-03transparency of CFP quantification results, and for communication between businesses andconsumers. Contents of the registration information shall follow the form which is separately
specified.
From a viewpoint of transparency, registration information to be released should be easily
understandable information. However, it is also important to ensure to maintain secret of
confidential information of businesses. Therefore confidential information may not be disclosed.
Note: for example, it is approved to display the combined value of CO2 emissions of the raw
material acquisition stage and the production stage, and to display CO2 emissions for eachprocess by subdividing a stage.
When quantifying CFP based on provisions of “series product” (refer to No.4.2 and Annex D), it
shall be stated.

3.3. Comparisons between products
For display of comparisons between products based on CFP quantification results in this CFP
program, two or more different CFP quantification results are displayed in one CFP declaration,with either written form of “ratio,” “difference value,” or “side by side”. Reduction ratio is included in“ratio”.
This CFP program aims to promote communications between interested parties and to reduce
CO2 emissions, by using the information “visualized” by CFP quantification. The CFP value is justan informative value for the purposes, and this CFP program will not take into accountcomparisons of CFP values for the time being.
In general, from a standpoint of limitations of LCA method (refer to “Note” described below), a
given requirements shall be fulfilled for comparing CFP values between different products.
Note: examples of limitation of LCA method include “data quality of available emission factor”
and “coherence of quantification rules,” etc.

3.3.1. Display of CFP quantification results which were compared between products by
the same business
When displaying comparison results of CFP quantification by the same business, it shall follow
Annex C (normative).

3.3.2. Comparisons of the target product versus other businesses’ productComparisons of target product versus other businesses’ product will not be taken into account for
the time being.

3.3.3. Avoidance of comparisons of numerical values in the market
JEMAI will take some measures to avoid misleading related to the comparisons of CFP values,22

C-09-03
being displayed on the product in the market.

3.3.4. Comparisons of CFPs between the product of this CFP program and the
product of another CFP program
CFP of this program cannot be compared with the CFP created by following the requirements ofanother CFP program.

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C-09-03
4. Other requirements for CFP quantification and declaration
4.1. Interpretation
The businesses shall interpret CFP quantification results. The interpretation shall include thedescriptions relating to limitations of CFP quantification results and the descriptions relating to
uncertainty. The contents of the interpretation will be released as registration information.

4.2. Series productFor the product group which has common characteristics in the relations between productspecifications and CO2 emissions, if its CFP declarations are released systematically in terms ofsuch characteristics, it can be expected that CFP quantification/declaration process can become
more simplified, while expanding the opportunities to enable the receivers of such CFP
declarations to obtain a broad range of information. For such reasons, in this document, theproduct group which has common characteristics in the relations between product specifications
and CO2 emissions is called as “series product,” and CFP declaration in the unit of this series
product can be registered and released.
The requirements for series product shall be prescribed in Annex D (normative).

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C-09-03

Annex A (normative): Global Warming Potential
100-year GWP of GHGs listed in the IPCC 2nd assessment report, which is the quantification
criteria on GHG emissions by country prescribed by the Kyoto Protocol, shall be used for GWP.

GHG

GWP

Carbon dioxide

CO2

1

MethaneCH4

21

Dinitrogen monoxide (nitrous oxide)

N2O

310

Hydrofluorocarbon

HFC-

Trifluoromethane

HFC-2311700

Difluoromethane

HFC-32650

Fluoromethane

HFC-41150

1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane

HFC-1252800

1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

HFC-134

1000

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

HFC-134a

1300

1,1,2-trifluoroethane

HFC-143300

1,1,1-trifluoroethane

HFC-143a

3800

1,1-difluoroethane

HFC-152a140

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane

HFC-227ea

2900

1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane

HFC-236fa

6300

1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane

HFC-245ca

560

1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5,-decafluoropentane

HFC-43-10mee

1300

Perfluorocarbon

PFC-

Perfluoromethane

PFC-146500

Perfluoroethane

PFC-1169200

Perfluoropropane

PFC-218

7000

Perfluorobutane

PFC-31-10

7000

Perfluorocyclobutane

PFC-c318

8700

Perfluoropentane

PFC-41-12

7500

Perfluorohexane

PFC-51-14

7400

SF6

23900

Sulphur hexafluoride25

C-09-03

Annex B (normative): Quantification method for GHG emissions associated with fuelconsumption during transport[Rules on domestic transport]- When the impact of transport process between the sites is significantly large to the life cycle, it
shall be included in the quantification.
- Each of the following method; the fuel consumption method (B.1), the fuel cost method (B.2), or
the ton-kilometer method (B.3), shall be used for quantification. (The details of B.1, B.2, and B.3
are described below.)- The data of transport distance shall be actually measured, but it may be obtained fromnavigation software to be used as primary data.
- For primary data when there are multiple transport routes, data on all transport routes shall becollected and then they shall be weight-averaged by the amount of product transported.
However, if there are many routes, primary data shall be collected for 50% or more of the total
amount of the product transported in unbiased way. That way, regarding a route whose primarydata cannot be collected, the average value of the primary data which collected from data
suppliers shall be used as primary data.
- When items are transported by truck with frozen, refrigerated, or chilled status, the impacts
associated with maintenance of temperature shall be taken into account.
- Transport scenario shall be used the one described in applicable CFP-PCR. Of the threeparameters; “transport distance,” “loading ratio,” and “automobile rank,” one or two parameters
can be replaced to primary data.
[Rules on international transport]- It conforms to the case of domestic transport. However, when there is national/private rules
related to transport in the target country, data collection may be conducted pursuant to therules.
B.1 Fuel consumption method
1) Collect data on “fuel consumption [L]” for each mean of transport.
2) Calculate GHG emissions [kg-CO2e] by multiplying fuel consumption [L] by “life cycle GHG
emissions related to supply and use of fuel” [kg-CO2e/kg] (emission factor) for each type of fuel.

B.2 Fuel cost method
1) Collect data on “fuel cost [km/L]” and “transport distance [km]” for each mean of transport, andcalculate fuel consumption [L] by using the following equation.
Fuel consumption [L] = Transport distance [km] / Fuel cost [km/L]

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C-09-03
2) Calculate GHG emissions [kg-CO2e] by multiplying fuel consumption [L] by “life cycle GHG
emissions related to supply and use of fuel” [kg-CO2e/kg] (emission factor) for each type of fuel.

B.3 Ton-kilometer method
1) Collect data on loading ratio [%] and transport load (ton-kilometer) [t-km] for each mean of transport.
2) Calculate life cycle GHG emissions [kg-CO2e] by multiplying the transport load (ton-kilometer) [t-km]
by the “life cycle GHG emissions related to fuel consumption per ton-kilometer” [kg-CO2e/t-km](emission factor) for different loading ratio for each mean of transport.

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C-09-03

Annex C (normative): Display of comparisons of CFP quantification results by thesame businessFor display of comparisons of CFP quantification results in this CFP program, two or more different
CFP quantification results are displayed in one CFP declaration, with either written form of “ratio,”“difference value,” or “side by side”. Reduction ratio is included in “ratio”.
When displaying comparisons of CFP quantification results by the same business, it shall follow
the rules of this Annex C. The comparison information is located not only in “the value in the CFP
mark,” but also in “additional information” and “registration information”.
<Assumptions of display of comparisons on CFP quantification results>
1. Basic requirements for target product to “display comparison information”“Display of comparison information” in this CFP program shall meet the followings. Display ofcomparison information shall in principle use a functional unit, and can use the reference flow.
(1) It shall be quantified by using the same CFP-PCR.
(2) It shall be the comparisons between products of the same business.
(3) The functional units shall be identical. (In the case of a claim of reductions, the comparison
with the equivalent or lower functional unit may be conducted.)(4) The functions are the same or equivalent. (In the case of a claim of reductions, the comparison
with the equivalent or lower function may be conducted.)(5) The data collection methods shall be equivalent.
(6) It shall be comparisons between values which were verified.
(7) Comparative conditions and functions which were set shall be described in additional
information.
(8) Differences of target product with comparative product (not only reduction point but also
increase point) shall be described in additional information.

2. Requirements for display of comparison information(1) Assumptions of the same or equivalent functions- It shall describe that functions are the same or equivalent, and the validity shall be represented.
> The equivalence may be represented by using JIS standards, etc.
(2) Setting of functional unit-

Multiple functional units can be set for one product. The businesses shall set the mostappropriate functional unit on their own responsibility to avoid stakeholders’ misleading.

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C-09-03
Note: for example, when comparing a new type of 5GB USB memory with an older type of 1
GB USB memory, the storage capacity of the new type is 5 times as large as the older one.
However, in the case of assuming that there is an user who thinks that 1GB USB memory isenough for him, it is needed to consider whether displaying of emissions per GB of storage
capacity is appropriate or not. Refer to the following table.
Table: Image of display of CFP for USB memory (the values listed below are temporary)1

Product specifications

New productOlder product

5GB

1GB

(memory capacity)
2

CFP value per product10kg-CO2/product

5kg-CO2/product3

CFP value per storage

2kg-CO2/GB

5kg-CO2/GB

capacity(3) Primary data and secondary data-

For CFP quantification, the same emission factor database shall be used for the both products
to be compared. (In other words, when another emission factor database is used for the past
CFP verification result, it shall be verified again.)(4) Comparisons with the past data-

It may be compared with the past product within the verifiable range.
> If the data on the product to be compared is 10 years ago, and if it can be verified,comparison information can be displayed.

(5) The minimum reduction ratio-

There is an opinion that display of reduction ratio shall not be approved if the reduction ratio
does not exceed a certain level. However, when the data collection methods are equivalent,even if the ratio is small, the reduction ratio may be displayed.

(6) Partial reduction ratio- In addition to the display of comparison information (e.g., reduction ratio, etc.) of the entire life
cycle, “partial reduction ratio” or “reduction point,” etc., which is restricted to some part of life
cycle stages, may be displayed in additional information. However, when such additional
information is displayed, particular consideration is required (e.g., avoiding of consumer
misleading).
(7) Setting of comparison target-

It cannot be compared with target based on unrealistic scenario.

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C-09-03-

It cannot be compared with target based on designed data which is worse than the actual data.

-

Differences between target product and comparative product (not only reduction point but also
increase point) can be clearly described.

-

When target product is compared with a product to be sold around the same, the comparison
product should select the one which is objectively considered as the most standard product.

Note: examples of assumptions of displaying comparisons.
-

Changes of CFPs over time (performance tracking)-Comparison of CFPs in terms of different raw materials to be used.

-

Comparison of CFPs in terms of different production methods.

-

Comparison of CFPs in terms of different methods of distribution and sales.

-

Comparisons of CFPs in terms of different methods of use and maintenance.

-

Comparisons of CFPs in terms of different methods of disposal and recycling.

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C-09-03

Annex D (normative): Series productD1. Type A series product: a type to set the same CFP quantification value for one
series product.
For CFP of series product, as shown in Chart 3 shown below, there is a case that differences of
product specifications do not have much influence on CFP value. In this case, the CFP of
representative product may be used as the CFP of multiple products in the same series product,
provided that it can be explained that each CFP value of the series product is about within plus orminus 5%.
When a definition method of series product is described in the CFP-PCR, it shall follow themethod.
Note: Examples of Type A series product-

The same markers in different colors (red, blue, yellow, green, and black); CFP per marker-

Printing matters in different number of copies (10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 copies; CFP per
printing matter

CFP

Chart 3: Image of type A series product31

C-09-03

D2. Type B series product: a type to estimate CFP quantification value from relational equation,for one series product
For CFP of series product, when a specified relational equation is true, CFP of other product canbe estimated from the CFP of representative product by using the relational equation.
For CFP declaration of series product, CO2 emissions by life cycle stage may be released only forthe representative product.
In that case, the following requirements shall be fulfilled.
(1) Main functions and main production conditions, which are other than the parameter used forthe relational equation, shall be the same.
(2) “Definitions of the relational equation” and “CFP quantification method by using the relational
equation” shall be defined in the CFP-PCR.
(3) The reason that the relational equation is true shall be qualitatively described in the CFP-PCR.
(4) For the same product, it shall be described in the CFP-PCR that the differences of the values
between “CO2 emissions quantified by the relational equation” and “CO2 emissions quantified
by the process based method” are about within plus or minus 5%. However, it does not apply tothe case where there is a possibility that the CFP value could exceed the 5% due to changes ofdata collection method (for example, allocation method has been changed, etc.).
Note: example of type B of series product-

Examples of the case when product weight is set as a parameter: sugar in different productweights, the same storage furniture in different sizes, the same clothes in different sizes.

-

Example of the case when product thickness is set as a parameter: pre-sensitized plates forlithographic printing in different thicknesses.

10%

CFP

Parameter32

C-09-03
Chart 4: Image of type B series productSupplementary provisions

This document shall come to effect as from July 2, 2012.
Date of release: July 2, 2012 (C-09-01)
Date of revision: August 1, 2012 (C-09-02)
Date of revision: October 2, 2012 (C-09-03)

33