JOINT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
7th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering (7CUEE) &5th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering (5ICEE)March 3-5, 2010, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

ENHANCEMENT OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI DISASTER MITIGATIONTECHNOLOGY IN PERU: A SATREPS PROJECT

Fumio Yamazaki1), Carlos Zavala2), Shoichi Nakai3) , Shun’ichi Koshimura4),
Taiki Saito5) and Saburoh Midorikawa6)1) Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Japan. yamazaki@tu.chiba-u.ac.jp
2) Professor, CISMID, National University of Engineering, Peru. czavala@uni.edu.pe
3) Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Japan. nakai@faculty.chiba-u.jp
4) Associate Professor, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan. koshimura@tsunami2.civil.tohoku.ac.jp
5) Senior Researcher, Building Research Institute, Japan. tsaito@kenken.go.jp
6) Professor, Center for Urban Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. smidorik@enveng.titech.ac.jp

Abstract: This project aims to conduct a comprehensive research towards earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation in
Peru considering regional characteristics, under strong collaboration among researchers of Peru and Japan. Five main
research activities are the followings: 1) Strong motion prediction and development of seismic microzonation; 2)Development of tsunami countermeasures based on numerical simulations; 3) Enhancement of seismic resistance ofbuildings based on structural experiments and field investigation; 4) Development of spatial information database using
remote sensing technology and earthquake damage assessment for scenario earthquakes; 5) Development of earthquake
and tsunami disaster mitigation plan and its implementation to the society. After signing of the Record of Discussion(R/D) in January 2010 by the responsible organizations of the two nations, the project has just started and will continue
for the five year period. This paper introduces the Japan-Peru earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation research project.

1. INTRODUCTION
A new international research program named “Scienceand Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable
Development (SATREPS)” has started since 2008 under thejoint sponsorship of Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
The scheme of SATREPS is shown in Figure 1. Research
proposals in the following three fields were invited to apply
for the grant: 1) Environment and Energy, 2) Natural
Disaster Prevention, and 3) Infectious Diseases Control. A
proposal submitted by the present authors, “Enhancement ofEarthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in
Peru,” was selected as one of the projects in the field of
natural disaster prevention in April 2009.
The project aims to conduct a comprehensive research
towards earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation in Peru
considering regional characteristics, under strong
collaboration among researchers of Peru and Japan. The firstauthor (F. Yamazaki) is the principal investigator (PI) of theJapanese team and the second author (C. Zavala) is the PI of
the Peruvian team. After the nomination of our project, thepreparatory phase has started to plan the detail of the joint
research, considering the needs of the developing country(Peru) and the promotion of science and technology on the
global issue (disaster mitigation).

The Record of Discussion (R/D) was signed on 15
January 2010 by the responsible authorities of the twonations (JICA and National University of Engineering, Peru)
in Lima, Peru. Then the project has formally started and willcontinue for the five year period (until March 2014). This
paper describes the overall objectives and joint research planof the project.

MEXT, JST

Collaboration

MOFA, JICA

Technical Cooperation

SupportInternational
Joint Research
Research Institutionsin Japan

ResearchPartnershipResearch Institutionsin Developing
Countries

Figure 1 Scheme of Science and Technology ResearchPartnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)(http://www.jst.go.jp/global/english/about.html)

2. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE
PERU PROJECTNatural disasters are one of the major threads for people
in the world. Especially for the countries in the Asia-Pacificregion, earthquakes and tsunamis are the major obstacles
towards sustainable developments. In order to reduce
disaster risks, understanding of natural hazards andupgrading of societal resilience are necessary. Since
earthquakes and tsunamis are rare but devastating events, thedata collection in a global scale is necessary andinternational collaboration is inevitable to reduce the losses
due these events, as highlighted in Hyogo Framework of
Action (International Strategy of Disaster Reduction (ISDR),
2005). In this sense, Japan is expected to serve a leading rolein the promotion of international disaster mitigation becauseof its long history to cope with natural disasters.
Peru locates in the circum-Pacific seismic belt withhigh seismic and tsunami risks. Figure 2 shows the tectonic
settings and the epicenters of earthquakes in Peru and thesurrounding region. It is seen that both Peru and Japan arelocated in a similar seismic environment, frequently hit bydamaging earthquakes and tsunamis In this region, large
plate-boundary earthquakes occurred recently in the offshoreof Atico (Mw=8.4, 23 June 2001) and in the offshore of Pisco(Mw=8.0, 15 August 2007). A large number of buildings andinfrastructures were destructed, hundreds of people were
killed, and tsunamis were also generated by these events.
Thus, earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation draws
considerable attentions in Peru.
Not just physical similarities of the two countries, Peru
and Japan have a long term relationship since 1873, when
the official relation has started. A large number of
immigrants from Japan settled down in Peru in the early 20
century.
The relationship in the field of disaster mitigation
technology also has some history. Japan-Peru Center for
Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Mitigation (CISMID)

was established within National University of Engineering(UNI) in 1987 by the support of Government of Japan.
CISMID became the leading center of earthquake
engineering research in South America. CISMID has been incollaboration with many Japanese research institutions,notably, Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan.
Significance of this joint research between Peru andJapan can be summarized as the four points: 1) contributionof Japanese science and technology to disaster mitigation in
Peru, 2) providing research fields to Japanese geoscienceand earthquake engineering, 3) contribution to international
tele-tsunami research for subduction-zone earthquakes, e.g.
1960 Chile earthquake, and 4) promotion of disastermitigation and capacity building through sharing theknowledge from the international joint research.

3.
OVERALLRESEARCH
PLAN
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

AND

In this research project, a comprehensive research
towards earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation in Peru
will be carried out under strong collaboration among
researchers of Peru and Japan. Figure 3 shows theorganizational structure of this five year projects. The joint
research will be carried out in five main research topics: 1)
Strong motion prediction and development of seismic
microzonation; 2) Development of tsunami countermeasures
based on numerical simulations; 3) Enhancement of seismic
resistance of buildings based on structural experiments andfield investigation; 4) Development of spatial information
database using remote sensing technology and earthquake
damage assessment for scenario earthquakes; 5)
Development of earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation
plan and its implementation to the society.
Japanese reaserch team consists of five groups (G1 to
G5 in Figure 3; the group leaders are the authors of thispaper) corresponding to the five topics.
Peruvian research team consists of CISMID/UNI,National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI), GeophysicalInstitute of Peru (IGP), Direction of Hydrology andNavigation (DHN), National Committee for Aerospace
Needs in Peru

CISMID, UNI•Sustainable Development•Reduction of Losses from EQ•Regional Characteristics•Implementation Technology

SENCICO, INDECI,
IGP, Ricardo Palma Univ.
CONIDA, PCM
MINSA

（PI）

•Survey of past events•Seismic & MT observation•Structural tests and surveys•Assessment, Planning
Peruvian Research TeamInternational Joint-research Project

Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami

Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru

G5: Chiba Univ.（PI）（Project Management, Disaster Mitigation Plan）

Japanese
Research Team

G1: Chiba Univ.

G2:Tohoku Univ.

G3: BRI

G4: Tokyo Tech

(Seismic M, Geotech)(Tsunami)（Building）(Damage Assessment)

Development and Implementation of EQ & T Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru

Figure 2 Tectonic setting and the epicenters ofearthquakes in Peru and the surrounding region(modified from USGS (2007) and Chlieh et al. (2004))

Knowledge Transfer to Other Pacific-Rim Countries

Figure 3 Organizational structure of the projectResearch and Development (CONIDA), Disasters
Prevention and Study Center (PREDES), National Instituteof Culture (INC), Ministry of Housing, Construction, andSanitation (MVCS), National Service of Training for theConstruction Industry (SENCICO), Ricardo Palma
University (URP), National Office of Electronic
Government and Information (ONGEI-PCM), andMunicipalities of the project study areas.
Figure 4 shows the research topics and items of the
project and the groups in charge the items. Based on the
research outputs from the four groups (G1-G4), the disastermitigation plan group (G5) will propose and implement
earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation plans to casestudy areas in Peru. Three case study areas will be decided
soon after preliminary surveys. A part of Metropolitan Lima
including Callao has already selected as one of the study
areas. The other two areas are still in discussion; currently,
Chimbote in the north and Moquegua or Tacna in the south
are possible candidates. Other than these areas, the affectedareas due to the recent earthquakes, Pisco (the 2007 event)and Camana, Arequipa etc. (the 2001 event), will also be
considered in developing hazard and damage assessment
models.
SM/GT
gr.

Source Model

Tsunami gr.

Deep Structure

Bathymetry

Rock Motion

Tsunami Propagation
Topography & Soil

Surface Motion

Tsunami Run-up
Spatial Database

Damage Assessment

Damage Detection
DA gr.

further envisaged that such technologies should be widelyused in Peru, and also disseminated and applied topacific-rim countries, especially to neighboring countries,
facing the risks of large-magnitude inter-plate earthquakes
and tsunamis. In addition, the project is expected tocontribute to the enhancement of capacity as well as theadvance of research for both Peruvian and Japanese research
institutes involved in this project.
The following seven outputs are listed in the masterplan agreed.
1. Scenarios of large-magnitude inter-plate earthquakes are
identified which will cause the most significant losses in
Peru (G1, G2).
2. Geographical information of the study areas is prepared(G4).
3. Tsunami disaster losses in study areas by scenario
earthquakes are estimated, and mitigation technologies aredeveloped (G2).
4. Strong motion and ground failure in study areas by
scenario earthquakes are simulated (G1).
5. Earthquake disaster losses in study areas by scenario
earthquakes are estimated, and mitigation technologies aredeveloped (G4).
6. Technologies for evaluation of seismic-resistance andstructural retrofit are developed, adapting to building
characteristics of Peru (G3).
7. Earthquake/tsunami disaster mitigation is promoted in the
study areas (G5).

Research Items

Seismic Resistance

Tsunami Damage

Diagnosis & Retrofit

T. Countermeasures

Building gr.

Disaster Mitigation Plan

Planning gr.

Figure 4 Research topics and items of the project andthe groups in charge the items

4.
IMPLEMENTATIONANDOUTPUTS OF THE PROJECT

Table 1 Schedule of the project

PROSPECTED

The Japanese Detailed Planning Survey Team
organized by JICA visited Peru from August 5 to 13, 2009,
for the purpose of working out the details of the technicalcooperation program concerning the project. During its stay
in Peru, the team exchanged views and had a series of
discussions with the Peruvian organizations concerned, led
by CISMID/UNI. As a result, the team and the Peruvian
organizations concerned agreed on the matters referred to in
the document (JICA, 2009).
The objective of this project has agreed as “To develop
technologies and measures for assessment and mitigation ofearthquake/tsunami disasters caused by large-magnitudeinter-plate earthquakes occurring off the coast of Peru.” It is

Project Management【Chiba U and CISMID/UNI】
G1: Seismic motion & Geotechnical【Chiba U and CISMID, IGP】
1-1 Source modeling and seismic motion
1-2 Site response & Microzonation
1-3 Slope failure assessment
G2: Tsunami【Tohoku U and DHN, CISMID】
2-1 Tsunami propagation and impacts
2-2 Tsunami hazard mapping
2-3 Tsunami DM technology
G3: Buildings【BRI and CISMID】
3-1 Seismic tests database
3-2 Diagnosis and Retrofit
3-3 Retrofit of historical buildings

1 st

2 nd

WS▼

WS▼

Source modeling

Period （2009-2014）
3 rd
WS▼

Field survey, measurement

Microzonation

Seismic Response Analysis

Hazard map

Inundation and impact

Tsunami simulation
Data collection

5 th
WS▼

Simulation of SM

EQ and MT observation, Geological survey

Damage assessment method

Historical tsunami data

Tsunami damage analysis

Tsunami DM technology

Literature Survey, Tests

Database development

Develop diagnosis method

Retrofit technology, Validation tests

Guideline

Survey, Risk assessment

Retrofit Technology

Guideline

G4; Damage Assessment
Data collection Geospatial data
【Tokyo Tech and CISMID, CONIDA】
4-1 Geo-spatial database
Data collection
Methodology
4-2 Damage detection using RS
Damage assessment method
4-3 Damage assessment for Scenario EQ
G5; Disaster Mitigation Plan
【Chiba U and INDECI, CISMID】

4 th
WS▼

Literature Survey

Database development
Damage detection
Assessment, risk map

Planning

Dissemination, Education

The schedule of the five-year project is shown in Table
1. To implement the project, JICA will provide the servicesof the JICA experts (Japanese research members), machinery,equipment and other materials
necessary for the
implementation of the project, and will receive the Peruvian
personnel connected with the project for technical training inJapan. The actual joint research will be carried out by thefive joint research groups in Table 1.
Other than group-based technical collaborations, theleading members of the project will meet annually either in
Peru or Japan in the occasion of project workshops. The firstproject workshop will be held soon in Lima on March 15

the characteristics of tsunami propagation along the
Pacific coast of Peru
2-2 Preparing merged bathymetry and topography data of
the coastal zones of the study areas
2-3 Evaluating vulnerability of buildings andinfrastructures in the study areas
2-4 Simulating tsunami propagation and run-up inaccordance with the earthquake scenarios, andestimating tsunami disaster losses
2-5 Making tsunami hazard maps for the study areas
2-6 Making guidelines of designing emergency evacuation
facilities
Tsunami propagation and inundation

Hazard Map

5. DETAILED RESEARCH PLANS AND
ACTIVITIESEvacuation tower
TsunamiWarning

Building inventory

1

To obtain the expected outputs, the following research
activities are planned for the five research groups.

Education0
Inundation Depth

Figure 7 Scheme of tsunami simulation and damage
assessment (left) and tsunami countermeasures (right)
5.3 Enhancement of Seismic Resistance of Buildings
3-1 Developing a database of structural test results andmaterial test results for buildings
3-2 Developing technologies of seismic-diagnosis andretrofit for different types of buildings prevalent in
Peru
3-3 Identifying historical buildings in the study areas thatface significant earthquake disaster risks
3-4 Verifying the effects of structural retrofit technologies
through structural tests and numerical analyses

34
0

0

61 0

426

252

488
2

61
0

31

547

444
2
06 206

42
4

37

0

54
7
54
7

402

8

456

42
8

210
57

456

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6

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40
2

3 40

186

0

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4

34

547

2

45
6

40

55

48 8

0

7

43 0

51

54

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3 70

0

1 74

370
35 6

146

54

3 40

174

234

356

6 40

430
308
2 52

34

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6

5 47

3 08

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610
235

644

435
5 47

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348

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3 36

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Monitor

578
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CH100

5 78
5 76

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57 8

Desplazamiento nivel +2705 (mm)

8
30

14

SurfacelayersA ctu ad or
8
42

340

5

Carga Lateral (t)A ctu ad or

CISMID/FIC/UNI - Laboratorio de Estructuras
Ensayo Ciclico en Muro-01 Original
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-10
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-30

356

surface

避難場所

避難ビル

57 8

5.1 Source, Seismic Motion and Geotechnical Issues
1-1 Surveying historical records of earthquakes, andgrasping the characteristics of inter-plate earthquakes
occurring off the coast of Peru
1-2 Developing earthquake source models that are suitable
to the characteristics of inter-plate earthquakes
occurring off the coast of Peru
1-3 Having preliminary estimation of earthquake/tsunami
disaster losses using the source scenarios, andidentifying the most devastating scenarios of inter-plate
earthquakes
1-4 Observing microtremor in the study areas
1-5 Developing seismic observation networks in the study
areas, and observing strong seismic motions
1-6 Collecting existing geological data of the study areas,
and undertaking supplementary borehole surveys
1-7 Modeling deep and subsurface ground structures of thestudy areas
1-8 Simulating strong motions and ground failures inaccordance with the inter-plate earthquake scenarios

DamageProbability174

and 16, 2010. About 25 researchers from Japan and scores ofresearchers/engineers/stakeholders from Peru will attend thisworkshop. Earthquake engineering researchers from thesurrounding Latin American countries will also participatedin the workshop.
The Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC) will beorganized soon to oversight the project and meet at least
once a year and whenever necessity arises, in order to fulfill
the following functions (JICA, 2009):(1) To approve the annual work plan of the project(2) To review the progress of the annual work plan
(3) To review and exchange opinions on major issues that
may arise during the implementation of the project(4) To discuss any other issue(s) pertinent to the smooth
implementation of the project

Mur o III
Distorsi ón 1 /125
Cara Fron tal

Eng. bedrock
VS0.4km/s
Seismic bedrock
VS3.0km/s

Figure 6 Scheme of simulation of seismic motion (left)
and an example of seismic microzonation (right)
5.2 Tsunami Simulation and Damage Mitigation
2-1 Surveying historical records of tsunamis, and grasping

Figure 8 Scheme of structural testing (top) and photosof experiment and construction site (bottom)

5.4 Geo-spatial Database and Damage Assessment
4-1 Making digital surface models (DSMs) of the study
areas using satellite images
4-2 Making land-use maps and building maps of the study
areas using satellite images
4-3 Estimating earthquake disaster losses of the study
areas in accordance with the inter-plate earthquake
scenarios
4-4 Developing technology for rapid detection ofearthquake/tsunami disaster losses using satellite
images

6. CONCLUSIONS
Under the joint sponsorship of JST and JICA, a newinternational research program named "Science andTechnology Research Partnership for Sustainable
Development (SATREPS)" has started, and the proposal
submitted by the present authors, "Enhancement ofEarthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in
Peru," was accepted in the category of natural disasterprevention. In this paper, the background, objectives andresearch plan of the project were introduced. The project
aims to conduct a comprehensive research towards
earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation in Peru
considering regional characteristics, under strong
collaboration among researchers of Peru and Japan. The
progress of the project will be presented in the near future.

References:

Figure 9 Scheme of developing building inventory (top)and damage assessment of the Pisco earthquake (bottom)
5.5 Development of Disaster Mitigation Plan
5-1 Developing land-use proposals for mitigation ofearthquake/tsunami disasters
5-2 Developing local disaster mitigation plans for the
study areas
5-3 Undertaking awareness raising and dissemination
activities of earthquake/tsunami disaster mitigation fordisaster management organizations and local
communities

Figure 10 Land-use plan of Pisco city proposed by
CISMID after the Pisco earthquake

Chlieh, M., de Chabalier, J. B., Ruegg, J. C., Armijo, R.; Dmowska,
R., Campos, J., Feigl, K. L. (2004), "Crustal deformation andfault slip during the seismic cycle in the North Chile subduction
zone, from GPS and InSAR observations," Geophys. J. Int., 158,695-711.
ISDR (2005), "Hyogo Framework of Action for 2005-2015:
Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters,"
http://www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/hfa.htm
Japan International Cooperation Agency (2009), "Minutes ofmeeting between JICA detailed planning survey team and the
National University of Engineering."
USGS (2007), "Poster of the Ica, Peru Earthquake of 15 August
2007 -Magnitude 8.0, Earthquakes Hazard Program USGS,"
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/poster/2007/2
0070815.php