JOINT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
9th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering/ 4th Asia Conference on Earthquake Engineering
March 6-8, 2012, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, JapanGIS TOOL FOR CALCULATING REPAIR COST OF BUILDINGS DUE TO
EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS (CCRE - CISMID)
Miguel Estrada1), Carlos Zavala2), Fernando Lazares3) and Jorge Morales4)
1) Associate Professor, Japan Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
National University of Engineering, Peru
2) Professor, Japan Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, NationalUniversity of Engineering, Peru
3) Associate Professor, Japan Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
National University of Engineering, Peru
4) Research Student, Japan Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
National University of Engineering, Peru
estrada@uni.edu.pe, czavala@amauta.rcp.net.pe, jorg_28@hotmail.com

Abstract: In recent years, in the Peru, had the bad experience of having suffered many human and material losses dueto the effects of natural disasters, particularly earthquakes. These effects are more frequent and mostly grow in number ofpeople and affected property, this is due to the development of cities, especially in the Peruvian coast. In the Peru thedevelopment of cities is not in an orderly and planned way and people built their houses without following the current
regulatory framework that ensures good structural behavior during the event of the occurrence of a severe earthquake. For
reasons previously needed a tool that allows the identification of areas that are at high risk to take adequate measures toprevent and mitigate the effects of a severe earthquake. This study presents a system automated on a GIS platform, whichallows to know the likely effects of an earthquake in an urban area, taking as a basis the Geotechnical information place,urban cadastre and creating a numerical model of seismic response for different building types commonly used in
Peruvian territory. This tool will be granted to government entities as a consultation and generation of information basefor their development plans.

1.

INTRODUCTION

In the past years we have suffered great earthquakes in
Peru that have brought high damage in urban areas causing
not only material damage but also human loss. To make a
recount in 1996, 2001 and 2007 the southern part of Peru
have suffered from the consequences of earthquakes withmagnitude near or greater than Mw = 7.5 that havedevastated a large area of many populated areas.
Since these recent seismic activities Peruvians haveacquired awareness about the importance of prevention
activities specially regarding on building earthquake
resistance.
All these reasons make the necessity to develop apractical tool to identify the vulnerable urban areas due toeffects of a big earthquake. This tool is based in three
aspects: Seismicity of the area, soil conditions and structuralcharacteristics of the buildings.
The digital environment for the development is theArcGIS v10.0, suite in which it is possible to develop
customized applications for any kind of geospatial
information. The language that have been used to develop

the tools if Python.
In this work it has been developed a tool to evaluate
basically two things: The number of ruptures in a water
distribution network and the replacement cost of the building
in terms of percentage of the total cost of the building state
before the earthquake.
2.

REQUIRED DATA

As mentioned before the developed tool is based in soil
conditions and structural characteristics of the buildings andconstruction material for pipes.
2.1. Soil conditions
The soil conditions are classified according to theTechnical Standard E 03 for Earthquake Resistant Design,where the Peruvian territory is divided in three seismic zones,
and a Zone Factor can be obtained. Then it is required ageothecnical study, where the soil is classified in four types
according to their competence to resist loads and dynamicbehavior in an occurrence of an earthquake. The soilfactors for each type of soil are shown in Table 1:- 1695 -Table 1. Soil amplification factors (Peruvian National Code)
Soil Type
S1
S2
S3
S4

Description
RocksIntermediate
Soft soil
Special case

Amp. Factor
1.0
1.2
1.4
To be determined

For soil Type S4 it is necessary a better study todetermine accurately the amplification factor. For example
this is the case of refilled soils. Other parameters relatedwith the soils conditions is the seismic amplification factor,
that relates the soil period and the structure period, this value
is equal or less than 2.5. To apply these soil factors, first it
must be calculated the acceleration on the rock by making aseismic hazard assessment of the area under study and thenapply these amplification factors to obtain the acceleration in
the base of the building.
2.2. Building characteristics
To analyze the building seismic response it is necessary
to know few physical parameters of them and put them in a
geo-database. The geo-database is a compilation of twogroups of information. On one side, the cartographic
information, it means the location, size and shape of the lots,
and the other one is the database where it is kept thedescriptive data of each building.
The descriptive geo-database that contains theinformation on the lots is based on the cadastral information
shown in Table 2:
Table 2. Building related database.
Field

Value
01
2
3
4

Description
Empty
Individual House
Multifamily House
Use
Commerce
Public buildings (School, Hospital,Police)
0EmptyAdobe or quincha
1
Masonry
2
Material
Reinforced concrete
3
Others40Empty
Good1Regular2
Conservation
Bad3
Very bad4Number Number of stories
Heightthat is considered as the representative. c) Sector level, if theresources to make a field survey are very limited, then it istaken a sample data from the total population. This
procedure is very valid since the people from the same socialand economic class build their houses almost as the sameway, the properties of these building can be generally
represented for one model and the value assignation is thesame as for blocks.
To evaluate the damage in the buildings fragility curves
were developed based on data that was obtained from thestudy made at CISMID with the following procedure:a) Calculate the natural period of the building bymeans of Eq. (1) and Eq.(2)0.07 1 0.75 /981
(1)
2 /
(2)
Where:
PeriodHeight of the building
Base acceleration
Frequencyb) Calculate the distortion of the building
1.75 0.75/ ^2 /(3):
Distortion of the building
Ductility of the building (2.5 in case ofmasonry)c) Calculate the damage ratio based on the distortion
This distortion of the building can be related with thelevel of damage by means an empirical curve. Thisempirical curve has been developed by analyzing theseismic response of different masonry buildings in Lima city,
by carrying out a numerical simulation and obtaining
different level of damage. Finally, these values areaveraged to obtain a regression curve that relates these twoparameters: Damage vs. Distortion, shown in Figure 1.
From this empirical curve a regression line is calculated
and it is obtained the relationship between distortion andlevel of damage that is shown in Eq. (4)If the cadastral information is not available, it isnecessary to make a field survey. This field survey can bemade at different levels: a) Lot level, each lot is investigatedand its data fills one registry in the data base. b) Block level,
the data is only one registry per block, it means that only one
building in the block is evaluated, this is the representative
lot. The criteria to select the representative lot depends on
repetition of the values shown in Table 2, for example if in
one block there are building of one, two or three stories, andthe majority of buildings have 2 stories then this is the value- 1696 -13287
Where:

204.610.0014(4)

Level of damage

Figure 1. Empirical relationship between Distortion andDamage level, for masonry building at Lima City.

2.3. Water Network characteristics
In case of the water network system, also it is necessary
to know the location of the pipes to be intersected with thesoil conditions and two descriptive parameters: The diameterand the material of the pipe.
The damage parameter that is evaluated in case of water
distribution pipes is the number of breaks per kilometer ofpipe. Some studies have investigated that the number ofbreaks is related with the velocity of wave propagation
during an earthquake, therefore it is necessary to convert thesoil acceleration into velocity. From the studies made atCISMID (2010) a relationship between acceleration andvelocity has been obtained for Lima soils.
This
relationship is shown in Eq. (5)11.504 .
Where:
Soil velocity
Soil acceleration

determined accuracy.
d) Development of GUI: The Graphical User
Interface is developed to interactively select andenter the data to the system. In this section dialog
windows are develop to select soil, building andwater pipe files. The files must be in SHaPe
format, to be compatible with the system. Also
all shape files must be in a same geographic
projection to carry out the intersection process
between layers.
This requirement must be
verified before the shape files are used.
e) Application: After the data is verified andcalibration process was done the tools is applied toreal data to obtain the thematic maps, wheredifferent presentations are possible to obtain.
These thematic maps will allow to the users tomake statistical analysis.

(5)

The number of breaks per kilometer in case ofasbestos-cement or PVC is shown in Eq. (6):0.00020.0029(6)0.0000005
Where:
Number of breaks per kilometer of pipe
Soil velocity

3.

TOOL DEVELOPMENT
The goal of this informatics tool is to systematize all theinformation related with soils, buildings and water pipes toprepare thematic maps that can be used for making decisionpeople as a tool for disaster prevention and mitigation plans.
The systematization is developed in a geographic
information system platform as a customized application byprogramming by using Python language. To develop thissystem was necessary to follow the flowchart shown in
Figure 2 to verify the data consistency and to pass toelaborate the suitable program.
The steps to develop the tool are:a) Requirement definitions: In this step all thenecessary information is verify if exist or not. If
the data does not exist then it is necessary to create
it, by conducting field survey or bibliographic
search. As was mentioned before the level ofdetail depends not only on the existence of the data
but also on the budget to get it.
b) Data search and analysis: In this step the acquired
data is verified, quality, quantity and possibility ofuse is confirmed. If some data is missing a fieldsurvey is conducted to fill out the missinginformation.
c) Building and water pipe models: With the formulasand equations shown above the assessment
damage models are developed. The results arecompared with the previous results and if there isany correction it is made to accomplish theFigure 2. Flowchart to develop the informatics tool.
4.

APPLICATIONAs mentioned before, the application is developed byprogramming in Python language within the platform of thecommercial software ArcGIS. The version that must beused to run the application is v10.0 or later with service pack3 installed. The modules used in Python are Arcpy andMath to call routines and functions that are already written
and developed to be used in ArcGIS platform.
It is important that all the information and programsmust be in a common directory as shown in Figure 3.

- 1697 -Figure 3. Location of Data (Origen) Output Folder(Procesamiento) and Programs (Programas)

Once within the ArcMap platform this directory must
be connected to access the data and programs as shown inFigure 4.
---

necessary. However, the building information could
be in different area sizes: Lot, Block or Zone,
depending the quantity or quality of the data.
The tools can be applied to cities with similar building,pipe and soil conditions similar to Lima city.
To obtain empirical relationships between accelerationand level of damage, it has processed a wide variety ofcases, so the application is well calibrated for this typeof buildings and soils.
Regarding the analysis for water pipe some additional
curves may be develop, to cover the variety of pipematerials and diameters, but this tools can give a good
figure about the possible damage in case an severe
earthquake.
Statistical information can be obtained from the final
thematic maps and can be used to make prevention andmitigation plans.

Figure 4. Access to working directory.
Application to Tacna CityAs an example the system is applied to Tacna city insouthern Peru. It was applied here since there were thenecessary to data: geotechnical, buildings and water pipe.
LeyendMaterialACFF
PVC

Figure 6. Integrated data: buildings, water pipes andgeotechnical.

Figure 5. Integrated data: buildings, water pipes andgeotechnical.
With this data the program is run and finally it gives thethematic maps with the level of damage in buildings andwater pipes. Figure 6 shows the thematic map of level ofdamage for buildings in Tacna city.

5.
-CONCLUSIONSAn automatic tool to evaluate the building and waterpipe damage has been developed.
To carry out the damage assessment procedure
geotechnical, cadastral and pipe information isAcknowledgements:
The authors acknowledge support from the Ministry ofHousing, Construction and Sanitation for trusting in CISMID and tosupport the developing of this tool under the cooperation withInter-American Development Bank. Also thanks the Japanese
Government through its Science and Technology Agency (JST) andJICA for their support in data acquisition and equipment necessary
for processing information.
References:CISMID (2010) “Estudio de Estimación de Costos de Reparación yReposición de Vivienda e Infraestructura de Saneamiento Frentea un Evento Sísmico en Algunas Ciudades del País”
Maruyama, Y., Yamazaki, F. (2010) “Construction of fragility curve
for water distribution pipes based on damage datasets fromrecent earthquakes in Japan” Proceedings of the 9th U.S.
National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake
Engineering.

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