Basics in laboratory life
‐ Advance in orientation ‐2017/4/18 Zemi

Takahiro Kondo

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Contents
1. For the safety
2. Zemi
3. Recognize your research and start planning
4. About research notebook
5. How to prepare the discussion
6. How to prepare the presentation21.安全管理、災害時の対応、実験上の注意 (For the safety)

Important
To prevent the possible accident
we have to understand what thedanger factors are in lab.
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1.1 実験室での諸注意と安全確認 (for the safety)(1)装置設置場所：We have to make a space for work in lab, i.e. we must
not put unnecessary objects in lab.
(2)整理整頓と清掃：Always try to clean your room!
Every day: We have to clean our room just before going home.
We have to make time for cleaning in addition to the experiment.
(3)電源コンセント： Power connector have to be appropriately
connected and take care to remove dust around connector.
(4)居室スペースと実験スペース： Experimental space and desk space
are different. (e.g. We must not eat and drink in experimental space.)(5)意志疎通：Communication each other in the same room is importantto prevent the accident.
(6)危険物の把握：We have to understand what kind of objects exists inyour room, especially for gas and chemical objects.
4(7)緊急連絡先: Contact number should be shown in lab.

Cleaning is directly
related to the safety.
We have to clean theroom everyday!
51.2 自然災害時の対応 (natural disaster)
地震が起きた場合 (earthquake)

1. Stay at the safe position (do not goaround during earthquake)(Stop the gas, heater, and power.)
2. After earthquake, you should go away tothe safe area, (in front of the building B)
3. Inform your condition to Nakamura‐sensei,
Kondo and other members
台風、強風、雷など、ある程度予期できる自然災害の場
合 (expected disaster such as snow, thunder)
You should go home prior to the disaster and contact toNakamura‐sensei and Kondo
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1.3 試薬使用時の注意点 (reagent treatment)
1. 白衣・ゴーグル：When you use reagent, you must wear
white lab coat and goggle to protect you from reagents
2. 使用前の環境確認：You must understand reagent byMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and the condition of draft
prior to use. You have to communicate with other member inthe same room prior to use.
3. 試薬保管場所の把握と整理整頓と管理の責任：・You have to understand the stock position of reagent. You
must put your NAME and date to the reagent cover.
・ Poison reagent: You must stock and lock the poison reagent
in the indicated stock room.
・ Wastes must be stocked in tank with appropriate
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separation depending on type of waste:廃液係と連絡

1.4 UHV systems
1. Baking： You have to check the earth leakage ofbake‐heater prior to connect the power.
2. Rotary pump： You have to confirm the oil amountfrequently.
3. Cooling fan: Cooling fan are very often be broken
which causes serious damage of the apparatus andthus you have to take care and check frequently thecondition of cooling fan
4. Liquid nitrogen and helium： It is directly related toyour life. You must not take an elevator with liquid
nitrogen or helium. You must not operate liquid
helium alone.
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1.5退室時check事項 (check items prior to go home)（１）整理整頓 (Clean the room)（２）部屋電気消灯 (Turn off the light)（３）戸締り：盗難事故防止 (lock the window and door)（４）装置の各種電源off（常時電源を入れている装置も雷な
ど停電の可能性がる場合はそれぞれ対応を取る→DPバル
ブを閉めておくなど）(Turn off the apparatus power if need)（５）ガスボンベ確認（CO、H2など）：COセンサ使用（COガス使用時）、ガス漏れcheck (gas cylinder, gas leak check)（６）He回収ライン、液体Heや液体窒素デュワーの圧力確
認 (gas pressure check)9平成29年度低温寒剤（液体窒素・ヘリウム）利用説明会
日 時 ４月１９日（水）１０：３０～１２：００
４月２０日（木）１２：００～１３：３０
場 所 第三エリア３Ａ２０４教室※どちらかご都合の良い日
平成２９年度化学物質取扱者のための環境安全衛生講習会（未受講者（B4））
日時： 平成29年4月17日（月）15：30～（2時間程度）
場所： 第一エリア1H101講義室＊出席票を必ず持参のこと！！

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2. Zemi
Objective of zemi is getting NEW hot
message and learn the cutting‐edge science
Zemi should be fruitful and made by you.
Prof. Nakamura and Kondo will keep quiet
during presentation and question time
because this is Zemi made by you. But Kondo
will just summarize with comments andconfirm the important points to presenter at
the moment of last 2‐3 min. Prof. Nakamura
finally comments to Zemi.
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2. Zemi
For audience STUDENTS(1) In Zemi, you should ask GOOD questions to presenter.
Good question in Zemi means that the process ofquestion and answer promotes the understanding foraudience (i.e. sometimes confirmation question is OK).
(2) At least one question should be given by each student.
No question means you are not taking part in. If thepresentation is not clear, it is chance for you to ask.
(3) Discussion during question and answer is also welcome.
(4) You should think about total time too (don’t ask details
12or less important questions with many time).

2. Zemi
For presenter(1) Your time is 60 min. You should prepare the Q and A
time over 20 min (i.e. your presentation time should bewithin 40 min.). You should keep time.
(2) Don’t put everything of the paper in your presentation
if contents are large or complicated.
(3) You should present important point clearly.
(4) You should not present what you couldn’t understand(If need, you can present only conclusive points. Your
unclear points should be solved before Zemi.)(5) Sometimes it is good to ask audience to confirm theirunderstanding.
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3. Recognize your research and start planning• 研究目的の認識: We should recognize the final goal of
the research and then we should understand how thecurrent objective is related to the final goal.
• 研究手段の認識：We should understand the principle ofthe measurements and always carefully check theapparatus and data by for example measuring thestandard‐sample, reproducibility, and so on.
• 研究計画を立てる： We should make a time‐schedule of
the research with a span of 1 week, 1 month, 3months,
6months, 1year and so on. Then we can understand byourselves what the current situation of the research. 14

4. About research notebook‐ Research notebook is evidence of yourexperiment‐ The research notebook belongs to University(not to each person).
(1) You have to put the notebook in the lab.
(2) Prior to your graduation, you have toleave and inform all objects about researchin lab.
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（１）研究ノートに求められること(Indispensable matters for the research notebook)• 網羅性：実験の再現や考察のために，必要な事柄が全て正確に書かれていること (Accurately describe every important matters)• 一般性：他人が見ても分かるように記載されていこと（自分自身も半年後には「他人」と同じ状況）(Easy to read for other people)• 実証性：証拠としての価値があること。(Useful as an evidence)• 検索性：必要なときに必要な情報が速やか且つ正確に読みだせること(Easy to search the information when you need) 付箋やTagなど• 保存性：デジタルではなく長期間の保存が確実であること(Stock theinformation without risk of lost)• 合理性：記録する行為が思考や実験を妨げないこと(“taking note” should
not inhibit the experiment, you should not take too much time for note)• 視認性：データの特徴，研究計画とのずれ等の，研究の状況が一目でわかること(Easy to understand the character of data and situation of yourresearch )• 思考の整理：実験中の判断，データの処理などの思考を助けること
16(Support your logic and research)

（２）研究ノートに記載すること (What kind of things you should write)• 必ず 年月日，時間を記載．(You must write year, month and date.) ノートの•記載は「時間軸」．(Description should be time‐sequence.) 年も忘れずに書く！
簡単なタイトルか実験内容メモ．何を意図した実験か分かるようにする．
(Title, objects or reason why you measure this condition)• 全ての計測条件．直接関係ない情報も後から考察する際に大事となることが•あるので記録する．これにより，装置のエラーなどに気がつくときもある．(Everyexperimental condition should be written even small matter so that you can
notice later for the important condition)
リアルタイムデータ情報．PCを信用しない．時系列で自分の目でデータをノートにメモする．例えば温度vs強度などは絶えずメモする．これにより，実験時のエラーやデータ紛失時やPCのファイル操作エラー等による間違いを防ぐことができる．
(During measurements, you should keep concentration and take note e.g., time vsintensity, so that you can notice error and understand the results in real‐time)• データファイル名、簡単な絵、コメント．実験条件と対応してわかりやすいよ
うに取得データのファイル名を記載する．データの特徴やメッセージや気が付いた
点のコメントも記載しておく．実験データの特徴の簡単な絵をつけるのもよい．
（Data file name should be described clearly with your condition descriptions.
Comments should also be described together. It is helpful to write some schematic
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character by picture together. ）（３）実験前と実験後 (Before and After the experiment)• 装置情報なども同じ研究ノートに記載．時系列で記載．複数のノートにしない．
（Related information such as experimental setup should also described in thesame research notebook）• 装置情報の記載箇所などはタブや付箋をつけるなどして整理．(Tabs or
markings are useful)• 実験データ（生データ）は原則として全てプリントアウトしてファイルに保存する．パソコンの記録媒体への保存だけではだめ．その際にプリントアウトした
データに一目で分かるような実験条件の記述やファイル名を必ず書き添える．
ノートとの対応が取れるようにする．(All experimental results should beprinted out and stocked in folder with the descriptions of the condition andfile‐name.)• 解析は測定した日もしくは翌日に行う。早く行えるほど良い。解析結果もプリントしてファイルする。(You should analyze the results as soon as possible)• 解析結果の検算をノートに記載メモした生データと見比べて必ず行う。検算自体もノートやデータファイル内に書くとよい。（You should check your analyzed
results based on your original data description in notebook, e.g. intensity vs
time）
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http://takahikonojima.hatenablog.jp/entry/2013/06/01/120000を改変

How to write the experimental note

What is the experimental notebook

Book type (do not use loose‐leaf type)

Evidence for your experimenttime‐series note

Information for your researchsafetyreliability

When we should write note
Date

theme

Condition
Who attend

BeforeData
It has all information of your research

During

年月日

calculationnote
sketchAfter

Event during exp.

smell, color shape

idea

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http://takahikonojima.hatenablog.jp/entry/2013/06/01/120000を改変

You should write specifically

During experiment
How changed
What kind of thing, how to, how many,

Quantitatively
How about the results,

Quantitatively
Quantitatively you can evaluate it

Quantitatively
PointsWrite not with pencil but with pen

You should write “in situ”
Not later but NOW

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http://takahikonojima.hatenablog.jp/entry/2013/06/01/120000

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例

野依良治博士の研究ノート
http://www.kyoto‐u.ac.jp/static/ja/news_data/h/h1/2008/news7/08
0716_2.htm

明星大学図書館蔵、キュリー夫人実験ノート（1919～1933年）
http://www.ies.or.jp/publicity_j/mini_hyakka/35/mini35.html

キュリー夫人実験ノート
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レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチ 1508年‐1509年

その他の例：プチ論文化する
http://diamond.jp/articles/‐/52057?page=4（1）タイトル title（2）日付 date（3）実験目的 objective（4）材料・方法 method（5）実際におこなった手技（6）結果 results（7）考察 discussion

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5. How to prepare the discussion
Discussion time should be fruitful time for attending
members. You have to carefully prepare the discussion
with clear objective and clear documents.
In the discussion documents, title, year‐month‐day, nameand page number have to be written. It should consists ofitems “(1)objective”, “(2)experimental method andcondition”, “(3)results” “(4)discussion”, “(5)summary” and“(6)next possible schedule of experiment with its
objective and reason”.
You have to make two holes in the paper of document at the left side in order tostock the documents in file easily.
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（１）目的 Objective
議論を依頼する側の心構えとして「何を一番議論したいのか」という目的を明確にしておく．目的をはっきりさせておかないと，本当に議論したいことや相談したい事
柄について話ができないまま貴重な時間が過ぎてしまう．心構えが出来たうえで，
実際の資料には報告書全般に対しての適切な目的を記す．(You have to write
the objective and items for the discussion)
これまでの計測結果を報告する段階では「なぜこの計測を行ったのか」を明確にする．前回のDiscussionを引き続いた内容となる場合が多いので，出来るだけ簡潔に前回のDiscussionで課題となった事項をまとめ，今回のDiscussionの目的につなげるようにする．これがないと、前回どういうDiscussionをして何をなぜ測定することになっていたのかというつながりが分からないためDiscussionにならない。
(Previous discussion summary is useful to put at the beginning to connect yourcurrent objective so that all member remember the situation and what we havediscussed previously)
研究活動は試行錯誤の連続であるから，様々な経緯で色々な種類の実験を行うことになる．「準備実験」や「条件出し実験」，「焦点を絞った本格的な実験」，「既に計測したデータの確認や解釈の押さえの為の実験」などである．一回の報告において多数の実験結果を示すケースも多々ある．いずれの場合も明確な目的を論理的に簡潔に書く．(The style of discussion documents becomes different
depending on the circumstance of the research. But the objective should be
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clearly described in any case)（２）実験方法・条件 (Methods and condition)
実験が単純な場合でも実験方法と条件を記載する．
多数の実験に及ぶ場合でも項目を分けるなど工夫をして，見やすく必要な実験条件を簡潔に記載する（実験条件は，なぜその条件で行ったかという理由が必ずあるはずであり，明確にしておく．過去の実験
条件や文献の実験条件との関連がある場合，それらの資料は根拠となる証拠書類であり，必ずDiscussionに持ってくる）．(Methods and condition
have to be written clearly with the reason why you
choose the condition. All related documents such as
raw data, reference article, reference book, previous
results have to be shown together with yourdocuments in the discussion)26

（３）実験結果 (Results)
実験結果は自分の解釈が入らない形でまとめ，考察と分ける．実験結果で示す図はDiscussionの要となる重要な部分の一つ．解析したデータではなく生データを載せることが望ましい．ここで注意すべきは，• 生データといっても軸のスケール説明やデータ点の説明や実験条件を記載する(raw data
have to be shown, where the scale of graph can be modified for easy to see).
• 同じ計測結果を複数示す場合は比較が容易になるように各図の軸スケール（MaxとMin）が同じになるようにする(The scale regions of the axis in every graphs have to be the samefor the comparison among results)• 何を計測した図なのかのタイトル（caption）をつける(Put the title for the graph)などの基本的事項を省かないことである．（特に，実験条件の項目と重複しても構わないので，図の近くに実験条件を分かりやすく記載しておく）．(To smoothly conducting thediscussion, important conditions should be shown with/in the graph)
解析＊がごく一般的なものである場合は解析データもその後に示すことになる．その際，どのような解析をしたのか（生データを変換した場合は変換式を書く）を出来る限り記載する．この際も，どのような条件で行った実験なのかが分かるようにする．(Complicated analysis or
analyzed results should be shown with raw data, i.e. you should not show only analyzed
results)＊ XPSスペクトルのピーク分離解析や，顕微鏡画像解析などには研究室にあるノウハウを踏まえて行う．

解析においては事前によく相談をする．(You have to learn and know the method of the analysis)27

（３）Example of figure
Bad figures

Better figures
(a)

5
0
200

250

300

350

400

450

Energy (eV)
30
25

x10

3

3

20
15
10
5
0
150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Energy (eV)Figure 1 EELS spectra of 〇〇 and 〇〇….

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B

BN sheet
200 K

20
10
0
150

N
200

250

300

350

400

450

Energy loss (eV)(b)
Intensity (cps)

10

150

x10 (cps)
Intensity

Intensity (cps)

3

15

x10

3

x10 (cps)
Intensity

40

40
30
20

BN sheet
300 K

B
C

10
0
150

N
200

250

300

350

400

Energy loss (eV)Figure 1 EELS spectra of 〇〇 and 〇〇….

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Clear comparison can be done and message is clear for good figure450

（４）考察 (Discussion)
実験結果から導き出される真理を論理的に簡潔に記載する．計測がうまくいかない，再現性が取れないなどの状況の場合はここでその原因と対策案を論理的に挙げる．これにより次の一手が自ずと分かるようになる．(Derived message
have to be discussed. Comparison with the literature or previous results isimportant. If the experimental results are hard to understand, you should
consider the origin and reason about the results and consider the method tosolve the problem)（５）まとめ (Summary)
全体を簡潔に纏め上げると共に目的の項で挙げた内容に対しての結論を下す．
Summarize your results and message with respect to your objective written in
the first item.

（６）今後の予定 (Next plan)
今後の予定は研究が進展する場合も困難を克服する場合も非常に重要となる．
次のDiscussionに入るまでの具体的な日程や比較的長期の日程を示すようにする．Possible next plan of your research should be described and thus we candiscuss about your draft and results. It is good to write short and long range plan.
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Exampletitle, year‐month‐day, nameexperimental method and condition

objective

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Example============================
2017/ 1/10============================
ディスカッションで決めたこと要点メモ□1)190_K&210_Kでのuptake_O2‐TPD□2)280 K ‐ 320_KでのO2_TPD□3)CO2とO2の定量□4)ラマンや赤外で吸着状態の分光の検討□5)宗倉さんが以前行っていたESRでO2の吸着やスピンが見れないかも考える(宗倉さんの資料要チェック)□6)carbon_blackでのO2‐TPDもやる□7)窒素がドープされていないグラフェンでもTPDをやる(commercial_grapheneがsuitable?)‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐渋谷陸31

6. How to prepare the presentation
Mostly presentation in conference or seminar is done byrepresenting the laboratory and collaborators and thus
you have to prepare carefully with deep discussion with
Nakamura‐sensei and Kondo.
You have to prepare your presentation by considering theaudience, i.e. what kind of audience is there. Depending on
the audience, your presentation should be different. In thecase of variety audience from students to professional
people, good presentation is “easy matter at the beginningand later professional contents”

Practice is required at least 3 times
in front of Professors!

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Guide Line and time‐schedule of your preparation• Three‐two weeks before：You have to make a draft of yourpresentation. You have to ask Nakamura‐sensei and Kondo about theschedule of the practice. If several presenters need practice, theschedule should be managed by the representing person of thepresenters and make a schedule for every presenter.
• Two‐one week(s) before: Prior to the practice, you should make adraft (describe of your sentence) of the presentation. You have topractice in front of members (e.g. senior students). You should
understand the importance of the usage of words, e.g. “it isindicating” and “it is considered” are different and thus you have touse carefully. The objective and the summary should be consistent)• One week before: You have to prepare the “expected question andyour answer” by describing in word or PPT file and prepare the slide
to show during answer. How to answer the question decides the33
quality of your presentation. You have to very carefully prepare it.)Summary
1. For the safety
2. Zemi
3. Recognize your research and start planning
4. About research notebook
5. How to prepare the discussion
6. How to prepare the presentation34