September 9, 2021
Mr. Peter GERSTMANN,Managing Director,
JBG Power GmbH and JBG Energy Japan
Kurfürstendamm 52,
10707 Berlin,
GERMANY.

Request for conservation of the biodiversity in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata, Takehara City,
Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
Dear Mr. GERSTMANN,
The decrease in natural tide flats and decline in the biodiversity of coastal organisms that live in these habitats
have been accelerated during the last 50 years in Japan. A large number of these organisms are endangered orhave been made extinct in many of the tidal flat areas.
The tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata in Takehara City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan (facing the Seto Inland Sea)
have miraculously maintained rich natural tidal flat environments, and thus Hachi-no-higata is one of the mostsignificant hot spots for the conservation of the biodiversity of coastal organisms in Japan. More than 70 species— listed in the latest Red List issued by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (2020), and latest Red Data
Book of Hiroshima Prefecture (2011) — currently inhabit the tidal flats or the adjacent sea areas: among them, 16
species are designated as critically endangered or endangered, 19 as vulnerable, and 39 as near-threatened. The
IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Horseshoe Crab Specialist Group maintains that theHachi-no-higata is a very important habitat, particularly because it represents the northernmost and easternmost
distribution limit of the crab species Tachypleus tridentatus, which has been classified as endangered by the
IUCN not only in Japan, but in the world. In line with the significance for the conservation of biodiversity, thetidal flats and neighboring waters have been included by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment among theImportant Wetlands with High Biodiversity, and Important Marine Areas with High Biodiversity, respectively.
(http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/biodic/kaiyo-hozen/kaiiki/index.html).
Because of its rich biodiversity, Hachi-no-higata attracts both domestic and foreign researchers fromprestigious institutions such as the universities of Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Kyoto, Okayama, Kochi, Kyusyu, theJapanese National Museum of Nature and Science, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum fürPolar- und Meeresforschung. Over 20 scientific studies investigating this ecosystem have been recently
published.
Additionally, Hachi-no-higata has been designated by administrative bodies of Hiroshima Prefecture andTakehara City as a destination for students and local people to learn and appreciate the environmental dynamics
of the tidal flats and its neighboring seas.

1

The site for the LNG power plant, recently proposed by your companies, is adjacent to the tidal flats, and themassive sea-based facilities that are to be constructed have the potential to disrupt the natural equilibrium in thisregion, producing the following negative impacts on the delicate tidal flat ecosystem and on its many endangeredorganisms:
1: The discharge and accumulation of sand, mud, silt and hazardous substances during the construction will
impede the feeding and reproductive activities of marine organisms, leading to a decrease in their
populations.
2: Marine non-indigenous invasive organisms will be introduced via hull-fouling occurring on ocean-going
LNG carriers and coastal barges that will visit the area during construction operations, and this will
decrease the populations of indigenous threatened organisms through competitive exclusion or predation.
3: The discharge of cooling water, if any, which is used in the closed cooling system and will containhazardous substances, has negative effects on the endangered organisms.
4: The ocean-going LNG carriers, with their lengths of ca. 250 m, the LNG floating storage barge, which is
120 m long and 50 m wide, and the landing piers with lengths of over 500 m, will most likely change thedirection and volume of tidal streams, coastal flows and discharge from the Kamogawa River, whichflows into Hachi-no-higata. As a result, this will cause a severe loss of the balance between the erosionand deposition of sand, mud and silt on the tidal flats, as well as changes in the composition of grain sizein the tidal flat substrata, which will inevitably affect the distribution and density of organisms living on
and in the tidal flats. For instance, siltation on the substrata will decrease the number or area of spawning
sites for horse shoe crabs, which lay eggs on a restricted substratum consisting of sand with a grain size
(diameter) between 0.4 and 1.0 mm.
5: Mooring of the huge LNG carriers and storage barge in the shallow coastal area will inevitably cause
frequent dredging, resulting in the loss of balance between the erosion and deposition of sand, mud andsilt on the tidal flats.
6: The potential occurrence of marine accidents, such as grounding of the carriers, will severely damage theshallow water ecosystems, including Hachi-no-higata and the adjacent sea areas.
Nevertheless, your companies’ construction works are about to be started without a proper environmental
impact assessment.
We would strongly urge you to consider that
1: scientifically valid environmental impact assessment should be conducted to thoroughly evaluate theimpacts of this construction on many endangered and rare species,
2: the results of the assessments should be disclosed and evaluated by specialists from a variety of fields,
including coastal engineering, hydraulics, conservation biology, benthology and planktology, and3: this plan should be reconsidered or cancelled, if detrimental effects on endangered and rare species are
confirmed as likely.
4: you should respond to our requests in writing as soon as possible.
2

We would expect you to exercise your own judgment while considering the challenge of preserving the
precious biodiversity of the Hachi-no-higata tidal flats and adjacent sea areas. We believe that an objective
judgment on this matter will lead to the correct decision, in line with the current international policy of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s).
Sincerely,

押印欄

Keiji IWASAKI, Chairperson of the Committee for the Conservation of Biodiversity, the Malacological Societyof Japan, Professor of Nara University, Dr.

Yuji ANKEI, Chairperson of the Committee for Conservation for the Natural Environments, the Society for the
Study of Molluscan Diversity, Professor Emeritus of Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Dr.

サイン欄（枠いつぱいにではなく、周囲に余裕を持たせてサインをしていただければ幸甚です）

一

Dai NAGAMATSU, President of the Chugoku-Shikoku Branch of the Ecological Society of Japan,
Professor of Tottori University, Dr.
~I≦ル…ﾉf老…−−
Gento SHINOHARA, President of the Ichthyological Society of Japan,
Senior Curator of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Dr.

Shinichi SATO, Chairperson of the Committee for Conservation of Natural Environment,
The Japanese Association of Benthology, Professor of Shizuoka University, Dr.

3

Persons to contact:
Keiji IWASAKI,
Department of Geography, Nara University,
1500 Misasagicho, Nara 631-8502, Japan
E-mail: iwasaki@daibutsu.nara-u.ac.jp
Gyo ITANI,
Member of the Nature Conservation Committee, the Chugoku-Shikoku Branch of the Ecological Societyof Japan,Faculty of Education, Kochi University,
2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
E-mail: itani@kochi-u.ac.jp

Enclosed：Photographs of tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata, and a list and photographs of threatened species living in
the tidal flats.

4

Reference material

Phot 1 Tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (view from land).

Phot 2 Tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (view from Hachi-iwa reef).

Site of LNG thermal
power plant

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carrier and LNG floating storage barge (FSB) (drawing on an aerial
photography from Google Earth).

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t
a
l
f
Tidal o-higata
i-nHach 2 ha)(2Phot 4 Planned locations for LNG thermal power plant, landing piers, LNG
carrier and LNG floating storage barge (FSB) (drawing on an aerial
photography, courtesy of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan).

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Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 1).
CR + EN: critically endangered or endangered by the Red List 2020 of
the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 5 Horse shoe crab
Tachypleus tridentatus (CR+EN)

Photo 7 Amathinid snail Amathina
tricarinata (CR+ EN)

Phot 6 Nassariid snail Reticunassa
hiradoensis (CR+EN)

Photo 8 Lucinid clam Pegophysema
bialata (CR+EN)

Photo 10 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis
ariakensis (CR+EN)

Photo 9 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis
ariakensis attached to a sea cucumber

Photo 11 Lasaeid clam Devonia semperi(CR+EN) attached to a sea cucumber

Photo 12 Lasaeid clam Devonia semperi(CR+EN)Photo13 Lasaeid clam Platomysia rugata(CR+EN) attached to a sipunculid worm

Photo14 Lasaeid clam Platomysia rugata(CR+EN) attached to a sipunculid worm

Photo 15 Basterotiid clam Basterotia
gouldi (CR+EN)

Photo 16 Branchiostomid lancelet
Branchiostoma japonicum (VU)

Photo 17 A crowd of the fiddler crab
Uca lactea (VU)

Photo 18 Scaliolid snail Finella pupoides(VU)

Photo 20 Naticid snail Naticarius concinnus(VU)
Photo 19 Assimineid snail Assimineidae
gen. sp.(VU)

Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 3).
VU: vulnerable by the Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 21 Eulimid snail Melanella tanabensis(VU)

Photo 22 Eulimid snail Mucronalia exilis (VU)

Photo 23 Pyramidellid snail Syrnola
tenuisculpta (VU)

Photo 24 Aglagid sea slug Melanochlamys
fukudai (VU)

Photo 25 Cylichnid snail Cylichnatys
yamakawai (VU)

Photo 26 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis tsurumaru(VU)

Photo 27 Lasaeid clam Borniopsis
tsurumaru (VU)

Photo 28 Cardiid clam Fragum carinatum(VU)

Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 4).
VU: vulnerable, NT: near threatened by the Red List 2017 for Marine Organisms
and Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 29 Thraciid clam Thracia
concinna (VU)

Photo 30 Solenid bivalve Solen kikuchii (VU)

Photo 31 Proboscis of Sipunculid worm
Ikeda taenioides (NT)Photo 32 Trochid snail Umbonium
moniliferum (NT)Photo 33 Tornid snail Vitrinella sp. (NT)Photo 34 Elachisinid snail Nozeba ziczac (NT)Photo 36 Pyramidellid snail Turbonilla
scrobiculata (NT)Photo35 Pyramidellid snail Pyrgulina
shigeyasui (NT)Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 5).
NT: near threatened by the Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 37 Pyramidellid snail Turbonilla
teganumana (NT)Photo 38 Mactrid bivalve Mactrotoma
angulifera (NT)Photo 39 Solemyd bivalve Solemya pusilla(NT)

Photo 40 Solemyd bivalve Solemya pusilla(NT)

Photo 41 Pinnid bivalve Pinna attenuate(NT)

Photo 42 Pinnid bivalve Pinna attenuate(NT)

Photo 43 Lasaeid bivalve Peregrinamor
ohshimai (NT) symbiotic with a mud shrimp

Photo 44 Solenid bivalve Solen roseomaculatus(NT)Photos of threatened animals living on or in tidal flats at Hachi-no-higata (No. 6).
NT: near threatened by the Red List 2020 of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

Photo 46 Solenid clam Solen roseomaculatus(NT)

Photo 45 Tellinid clam Nitidotellina
minuta (NT)Photo 47 Elachisinid snail Dolicrossea sp.
(DD)

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