電子航法研究所研究発表会（第16回平成28年６月）

㸯㸳㸬6:,0 ᐇドᐇ㦂ࡢሗ࿌࡜ศᯒ┘ど㏻ಙ㡿ᇦ ͤ࿅ ᬡᮾ㸪ྂ㈡ ⚞㸪ఫ㇂ Ὀே㸪ሷぢ ᱁୍(FIXM) and the weather information exchange model
1. INTRODUCTION(WXXM) [2].

With the rapid increase in local and global air

The research and development of SWIM concepts

traffic, the system-wide operational informationand solutions has been undertaken in different

exchange and life-cycle management technologies arecountries. ATM modernization programs such asrequired to improve the capacity, safety andNext

efficiency

ATM.

(NextGen) [3][4] in the United States and Single

However, today's ATM system comprises a wide

European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) [5][6] invariety of applications with their own communication

Europe both consider the implementation of SWIM

protocols, interfaces and self-contained information

as a fundamental element for future ATM systems.

systems.

of AirTrafficTransportation

System

The main objectives of SWIM is not only tocommunication is difficult to upgrade with newachieve seamless integration among geographicallytechnologies, information exchange is not globally

distributed and heterogeneous systems in the air

harmonized, and information security is poor.

transportation field but also to enable seamlessSystemWidethisAir

point-to-point

TheTherefore,

Management

Generation

Information

Management

information sharing among the multiple stakeholders(SWIM) concept is to change the conventional ATMin the ATM domain. Therefore, Service Oriented

information architecture from point-to-point data

Architecture (SOA) based SWIM will enable

exchanges to system-wide interoperability, and tostakeholders to achieve high performance and low

achieve life-cycle management of data, information,

cost.

and service.The SWIM concept provide not only

To research and validate SWIM concepts, thesystem architecture for the delivery of information

project of Mini Global Demonstration (MGD) has

services to support meeting the expectations of thebeen

ATM community in different key performance areas,

Administration (FAA) to exchange air transportation

but also a common understanding of different

information among different Air Navigation Service

information domains. Therefore, implementation ofProviders (ANSPs) by using standard information

the SWIM concept must address the challenge ofexchange models. The first demonstration, Mini

creating an interoperability environment which

Global I, was held in September, 2014 and the second

allows the SWIM IT systems to cope with the fullone, Mini Global II, was held in April, 2016. As acomplexity of operational information exchanges

main member, Japan Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB),[1][2].

being technically supported by Electronic Navigation

The International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) has made efforts to promote the SWIM

conductedbytheFederalAviation

Research Institute (ENRI), participated in these two
demonstrations.

concept and establish the communication andThis paper is structured as follows. The next

information standards. Several exchange modes havesection describes the overview of MGD. In section 3,

been developed for some information domains, suchthe development of local system, scenarios andas the aeronautical information exchange model

performance analysis are presented. The paper is(AIXM), the flight information exchange model

concluded in section 4.

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電子航法研究所研究発表会（第16回平成28年６月）

Mini Global I

Mini Global II

Overview

Global Enterprise Messaging Service (GEMS)

Platform
ServiceProvider

Harris and Indra

Harris, Mosaic, Indra, NEC

Message
Format

FIXM 2.0, AIXM 5.1, WXXM 1.1

FIXM 3.0.1, AIXM 5.1, IWXXM 1.0 (ICAO WXXM)

Messaging
ProtocolWithin Region: JMS, SOAP
Between Regions: SOAP

Within Region: AMQP, JMS, SOAP
Between Regions: AMQP, SOAP

Figure 1: Comparison of Mini Global I and Mini Global II
Global SWIM stakeholders, the Global Enterprise
2. MINI GLOBAL DEMONSTRATION

Messaging Service (GEMS) has been constructed toThe MGD is an ongoing international cooperationinterconnects the SWIM regions by using a common

project to develop a global networked demonstration

set of standards (e.g. messaging protocol, data

environment to research and validate SWIM concepts,

exchange model, security protocol, etc.). In the MGD,

the global exchange models, and the operational

GEMS providers provide SWIM service connections

concepts outlined in Flight and Flow Information for

to ANSPs around the globe that allows for the safe,a Collaborative Environment (FF-ICE) [7].

efficient, and timely sharing of flight, weather, and

2.1 System Structure

aeronautical related data.

In the domain level point-to-point exchange is stillcommon but a growing number of Air Navigation
Service Providers (ANSPs) are adopting SWIM
infrastructures enabling them to have a more efficientmessaging architecture within their own domain. As
ANSPs complete their domain-level SWIM adoption,point-to-point messaging architecture will still exist
between the ANSPs. Under this situation, ANSPs
need to work out the governance among each other toestablish trust and data exchange. To resolve thisissue, a global networked environment with trusted
governance policies among ANSPs as a wholeenterprise umbrella is required.
To promote interoperability through integration ofThe comparison of GEMS solutions between Mini
Global I and Mini Global II is shown in Figure 1.
Mini Global I contained two GEMS providers: Harrisand Indra. The initial Mini Global I demonstrationsuccessfully demonstrated interoperability between
these two GEMS Providers’ EMSs. The GEMS
service by Harris and the GEMS service by Indra
implemented an EMS to EMS adaption service
utilizing the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)Web Service (WS) messaging protocol as thecommon messaging protocol. Using this architecture,
the GEMS Providers provided connectivity tomultiple local ANSP SWIM nodes using the Java
Messaging Service (JMS) and SOAP messaging
protocol forming a SWIM region (Figure 1).

─ 89 ─

電子航法研究所研究発表会（第16回平成28年６月）

local organization or ANSPs.

For Mini Global II, there were multiple GEMS
-Providers, Harris, Indra, Mosaic ATM and NEC

Regional governance refers to data sharing

providing Global SWIM interconnectivity betweenagreements between two EMS systems inside

the GEMS Providers’ EMSs. The GEMS Providers inof a SWIM region. The regional level ofMini Global II are charged to enforce the use of thegovernance is the agreement between thestandardizedorganizations and their GEMS Provider.

aeronautical,

flightandweather-exchange models (AIXM, FIXM and IWXXM) withThe global level of governance encompasses

the updated versions for each of their SWIM nodes tothe agreements between GEMS Providers forensure

the exchange of message between the twotheinteroperabilityof

theexchanged

GEMS systems.

information. The standard to exchange messages
between GEMS Providers for publish/subscribe

Depending on the level of data sharing agreements,

messaging is Advanced Messaging Queuing Protocol

global governance could include both local and(AMQP) protocol, and the standards for request/reply

regional governance agreements. If local and regional

WS messaging are SOAP and Representational Stategovernance rules concern GEMS Providers whenTransfer (REST) protocols. In addition, GEMS

there is a need to transmit this protected local data

Providers also adapt their local users’ messaging

between GEMS. At that point, all GEMS Providers

protocols to the GEMS standards and vice versa,

involved in transmitting the restricted data have toallowing ANSPs to continue to use their establishedtake steps to safeguard that data.

messagingstandards

andexpandtheircommunications to additional GEMS regions and3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
In Mini Global II, ENRI not only cooperated with

SWIM nodes.

NEC to construct a Global EMS for GEMS-to-GEMS

2.2 GEMS GovernanceIn the loosely coupled SWIM environment whereservices are provided and consumed by a number ofentities,

governanceisessential.

Governanceestablishes the processes to assure that appropriate
rules, policies, and standards are followed. Within thedomain of GEMS, governance refers to defining thebusiness rules which define where, when, and how amessage is transported from its source to its
destination as well as the enforcement of those rules.

message exchange, but also developed a Local EMS
for information generation and management. In thisdemonstration, not only the semi-live flight data in
FIXM 3.0.1 of practical operation system was shared
among the partners, but also the simulated data based
scenarios with standardized information exchange
modelsbetweendifferent

partners

weredemonstrated.
3.1 NEC GEMS

Due to the local and regional specific operational

In Mini Global II, there are multiple GEMS

requirements, defining the scope of governanceproviders that facilitate data sharing between aenforcement at the GEMS level requires a review ofvariety of partners, tools, and applications. As shown

existing local and regional governance. Therefore, inin Figure 2, there are four GEMS providers, Service

the Global SWIM environment, governance isby Harris (SBH), Service by Indra (SBI), Service byenforced at local, regional and global levels.

Mosaic (SBM) and Service by NEC (SBN). Each-Local governance refers to a local system or

GEMS Provider tailors its EMS to interconnect to one

service in an EMS. This local governance ator more ANSPs and/or other partners’ services or

the system/service level controls how theapplications by using a common set of interoperable

information is generated. This is set by themessaging protocols.

─ 90 ─電子航法研究所研究発表会（第16回平成28年６月）

The NEC GEMS is a highly-reliable platform that

JCABATSRI

provides GEMS services for both regional andinternational

partners.

OtherGEMS

Semi-live Flight Data

providers

FIXM Adapter

Flight Data
Validation

connect to the NEC GEMS via an access point for all

Flight Data
Processor

FIXM Schema

Local GUFI
Service

GEMS-to-GEMS communications. NEC’s adapter

Publisher

Message Format

Flight Object
ServiceWeb ServiceFlight Object
Manager

Scenario
ServerFlight ObjectProcessor

Scenario
Processor

FIXM 3.0.1

FIXM/AIXM/IWXXM

allows FIXM, AIXM, and IWXXM information to be

ENRI Local EMS

exchanged between SBN participants and between

SOAP

AMQP

external partners connected to other GEMS providers.
Service by Harris

And SBN provides routing service to ensure only

Service by NEC

Service by Indra

Service by Mosaic

Global Enterprise Messaging Services (GEMS)

authorized subscribers receive the flight data.

Figure 2: Local EMS Architecture

3.2 Local EMS
In Mini Global II, each user connected its own
demonstration system to one of the GEMS providers
by using the Virtual Private Network (VPN) overInternet. As a regional user, JCAB connected to theNEC GEMS and its demonstration system wasconstructed on the ENRI local EMS (Figure 2). Thereis a set of services and applications developed byENRI that support both semi-lve flight data andFigure 3: Semi-live Flight Data

simulated data for use in the scenarios.
-The Globally Unique Flight Identifier (GUFI)
isakeymanagement.

componentTheofLocal

flght

objectGUFISerivce-semi-live flight data provided by Air Traffic
Service Research Institute (ATSRI) from localprovides the functionality of generating andformat to FIXM 3.0.1 format and publishes

tracking GUFIs.
-FIXM messages to the local EMS.

The Flight Object Manager maintains an-

up-to-date version of all subscribed flight data.

Data

Validation

conformance to schema and set of businessthatcomplianceparticipants
withbefore

need
they

tobeinexchange

messages with any other ANSP or across theGEMS. It also monitors FIXM messages andprovides near real-time status (valid orofschema

non-compliance to business rules.

ontheThe ENRI local EMS supports both AMQP for
publish/subscribe

andmessaging

andSOAPfor

request/reply web service messaging. The semi-live
flight data and simulated data for demonstrations areautomaticly routed to NEC GEMS and local
applications.
3.3. Scenarios

invalid) to users on any findings related to
non-conformancebased

geospatial map (Figure 3).

providesvalidation and reporting on FIXM 3.0.1
rules

messages

supports the flight data visualization on acontinuous updates and queries.
FlightIWXXM

simulated data for use in the scenarios. It alsoby GUFI and then stored in a database forTheThe Scenario Server generates FIXM, AIXM
andThe flight data is orgnized into flight objects-The Flight Data Processor converts theBuilt upon Mini Global I, to develop and executecomplex use cases such as coordination between
ANSPs and Flight Information Regions (FIR) is also─ 91 ─

電子航法研究所研究発表会（第16回平成28年６月）

JCAB evaluated this request and responded with an
7. Publish
departure data

9. Publish Revised
flight plan

Accept (ACP) message.
11. Track updates

12. HandoverThis
5. Publish flight planwith GUFI 2

2. Publish SIGMET
information

demonstrated

notonly

theoperational benefits of real time distribution of
8. Publish updated
turbulence information
6. Publish Arrival
information

10. International boundary
coordination with changes

weather information through IWXXM, thus providing
13. Arrival information
distribution

Airspace Users (AUs) with the ability to optimize
flight plans to avoid weather constraints, but also

4. Publish
departure data

1. Publish flight planwith GUFI 1

scenario

efficient boundary coordination of SWIM-based

3. Publish Revised
flight plan

automatic negotiation with FIXM messages.
3.4. Analysis

Figure 4: Scenario of Pacific Transit

The network and messaging infrastructures are key
one main objective of Mini Global II. The main

components for SWIM construction. And to assure

scenario proposed by JCAB is Pacific Transit toSWIM-enableddemonstrateinteroperability, fault tolerance, maintainability andregional

cooperation

andglobalapplications,

theperformance,security are required for core technologies. Based on

harmonization (Figure 4).
This scenario demonstrated the coordination of

the demonstration system, several common and open

flight data, including GUFI, on a flight with twotechnologies are analyzed and evaluated. As shown insegments (legs). The flight of ANA77A departed

Table 1, number 3 means good, 2 is general, and 1 isfrom Singapore and arrived in Tokyo first and thennot good.

departed from Tokyo to Los Angeles (LAX). ThisWith the advancement of IP network, the web

scenario also demonstrated the sending and receiving

service over Internet can meet most requirements ofof multiple weather notifications that impacted

ATM applications. Howerver, it is difficult to assureoperations. A JCAB issued SIGMET (Significant

high-performance communications in a large-scale

Meteorological Information) was taken into accountdistributed environment. Therefore, the EMS overwhen the flight plan was filed by CAAS (CivilVPN is an alternative approach that can satify

Aviation Authority of Singapore) for the Singapore to

real-time and high-performance exchanges in an EMSTokyo segment of the flight. After the flight departed

and between EMSs.

Tokyo, JCAB received SIGMET information about

For publish/subscribe messaging protocols, AMQP

turbulence en route to LAX and used that information

is a wire level messaging standard that can beto amend the route to avoid turbulence on the second

implemented by multiple vendors and platforms tosegment of the flight.

provide seamless support for multiple protocols withMoreover, as ANA77A approached the boundary

the common security model. JMS is a Java message

between FUKUOKA and OAKLAND FIR, JCAB

oriented middleware API for message exchange

initiated the boundary coordination process by first

between Java-based systems. It requires proprietarypublishing an Advanced Boundary Information (ABI)

solutions for cross-platform interoperabiltiy. Datamessage. As the flight progressed towards theDistribution

Service(DDS)

boundary crossing point, JCAB published a Current

middlewarestandardtoPlan (CPL) message. The FAA responded to thehigh-performance data exchange. However, theJCAB published CPL message with a Coordination

current standard does not support security at protocol

Negotiation (CDN) message. This message requested

level and the cofiguraton is more complex than othera change to the altitude at the boundary crossing point.

protocols.

─ 92 ─isprovide

data-centricscalbleand電子航法研究所研究発表会（第16回平成28年６月）

Table 1. Evaluation
Technologies

Network Infrastructure

Messaging Infrastructure
Publish / Subscribe

Request / Reply

WS +EMS +InternetVPNAMQPJMSDDSSOAPRESTWFS

Performance

12223222

Interoperability

32313333

Fault Tolerance

3222323

2

Maintainability

23332332Security

2332

12

12Requirements

For request/reply messaging protocols, SOAP is anXML-based, widely-used web service protocol with athe several network and messaging technologies areanalyzed for GEMS implementation.

large number of supporting standards for security,reliability and transactions. While the large message

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

size due to protocol overhead could be a concern inThis development would not have been implemented

some SWIM applications, SOAP is still widely used

if we did not have a support of JCAB, NEC, ATSRI

inand other organizations. Therefore we would like tobusiness-to-businesssystems.

RESTisanarchitectural style of request/reply messaging overextend our sincere gratitude to all of them.

HTTP with little overhead. Even REST is not aformal standard, it is widely used in industry since it
can work with both XML and JSON (JavaScriptObject Notation). Web Feature Service (WFS) is astandard protocol for serving geographic features
across the web. The utilization of this standard islimited by its complexity and requirement to use aspecific interface.
As above analysis, the AMQP and SOAP protocols
are utilized for GEMS-to-GEMS communincations
4. CONCLUSIONSHow to construct a global messaging exchange
infrastructure to support SWIM-based applications is
a main objective of MGD. In this paper, theimplementations of Mini Global I and Mini Global II
are compared. Moreover, the development of Global
EMS and Local EMS to demonstrate information
sharing with standard information exchange models
between JCAB and other ANSPs is described. Finally,

REFERENCES[1] Global Air Traffic Management (ATM)Operational Concept, ICAO Doc. 9854, 1st ed.,ICAO, 2005.
[2] System Wide Information Management (SWIM)
Concept, 1st ed., ICAO, 2014.
[3] “FAASWIM
website,”inhttps://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarte
rs_offices/ato/service_units/techops/atc_comms_services/swim/.
[4] Operational Concept for the Next Generation Air
Transportation System (NextGen), 2nd ed., Joint
Planning and Development Office, 2008.
[5] “SESAR SWIM web site,” in http://www.sesarju.
eu/programme/workpackages/swim/.
[6] SESAR SWIM Concept of Operations, edition
00.02.03, SESAR Joint Undertaking, June 2012.
[7] Manual on Flight and Flow - Information for a
Collaborative Environment, ICAO Doc. 9965,ICAO, 2012.

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