第36回日本ロボット学会学術講演会オープンフォーラム

第36回日本ロボット学会学術講演会
オープンフォーラムOF13：
どうする？激減している国際会議論文！！！
2018年9月7日（金）一般社団法人

日本ロボット学会

●趣旨説明
（澤会長）
●最近の国際会議での日本からの投稿状況（中臺理事）●国際論文投稿（IROS）の支援施策について （澤会長）●研究者マインドのあり方を問う！（浅田副会長、菅野先生）●質疑・討論
日本ロボット学会

The Robotics Society of Japan0

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科研の書き方を例に研究者マインド伝授

1

KAKEN ≠ 書けん？？
＝書く！！！

A Big Challenge!!
Because,you should think about a newthings that no one has everthought of. BUT, you need towrite your proposal so thateveryone can understand it!

Outline of my talk today!
1. Three key elements!
I. Follow the royal road
II. Work the theory of mind
III. Attack from easy missions

Three key elements!
1. Follow the royal road
2. Work the theory of mind
3. Attack from easymissions

Follow the royal road! (1)• There is no royal road to learning. No, no, no!
There is a royal road to writing a proposal!
• The three-staged explanation  that’s the royalroad! No wonder, but relatively few proposals
which follow this road!
1. Background of the research topic in yourproposal
2. Central issue of your research topic
3. Your idea to solve the issue

Follow the royal road! (2)1. Background of the research topic in your proposal: it
appears a general introduction of the field, BUT,
implicitly or explicitly, it should naturally lead the centralissue.
2. Central issue of your research topic: please pop out thecentral issue by referring to the existing studies. Do notattack others’ studies so much. The authors of thesestudies could be reviewers of your proposal.
3. Your idea to solve the issue: Appeal your idea andmethod so that the reviewers can be persuaded. But, do
not hype your proposal.

What’s Theory of Mind?(1)• Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental
states—beliefs, intents, desires, emotions,knowledge, etc.—to oneself, and to others, and tounderstand that others have beliefs, desires,intentions, and perspectives that are different
from one's own. [Premack & Woodruff, 1978]• Theory of mind is crucial foreveryday human social
interactions and is used whenanalyzing, judging, andinferring others'
behaviors[Gweon 2013].
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mindSally Anne Test
http://fanblogs.jp/hasuraa/archive/261/0

1. This is Sally. Sally has a basket.
This is Anne. Anne has a box.
2. Sally has a ball. She puts theball into her basket.
3. Sally goes out for a walk.
4. Anne takes the ball out of thebasket, and puts it into the box.
5. Now Sally comes back. She
wants to play with her ball.
Where will Sally look for herball?

Work the theory of mind! (2)• Deficits can occur in people with autism
spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder[Korkmaz 2011],
cocaine addiction [Sanvicente-Vieira et al.
2017], and brain damage suffered fromalcohol's neurotoxicity [Uekermann 2008].
Although philosophical approaches to this exist,
the theory of mind as such is distinct from thephilosophy of mind.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind

Work the theory of mind! (3)• Empathy is a related concept, meaning therecognition and understanding of the states ofmind of others, including their beliefs, desires andparticularly emotions. This is often characterized
as the ability to "put oneself into another's shoes".
Recent neuro-ethological studies of animal
behaviour suggest that even rodents may exhibit
ethical or empathetic abilities [de Waal 2007].
While empathy is known as emotional perspectivetaking, theory of mind is defined as cognitive
perspective-taking [Hynes et al. 2005].
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind

Conceptual Model for Empathy
Development[Asada 2014, 2015]

Whom to apply ToM? (1)• Apply the theory of mind (T0M) to the reviewers’minds for your proposal!
• Take perspectives from the reviewers viewpoints inboth emotional and cognitive manners.
• Then, you may understand how to write yourproposals!
1. Do not fill the all spaces with tiny characters!
2. Please use the illustrations MORE!
3. Do not switch the order of explanations(background, issue, idea) or mix them.

Whom to apply ToM? (2)• Concentrate on the first three items:
1. Purpose
2. Outline
3. Plan and method• If the reviewer cannot understand your proposal,
then he or she will skip the rest of the proposal,OR, may visit your web site to get more
information (my own experience) since the spaceof the proposal is limited! Therefore, do not forget
to create your own home page before submission!

How to challenge the proposal(1)• Writing proposals is a very good opportunity for you
to summarize your idea(s) and to make them much
more concrete!
• A very excellent training for your brain!  Learning!!!
• Generally, there are three kinds of learning methods.
1. Supervised learning  Now, I’m teaching!!!
2. Reinforcement learning  Delayed rewards (grants)
3. Unsupervised (self) learning  Very difficult!
Therefore, you are here!

Three types of machine learning
Unsupervised Learning
Input

Learning
Circuit

Reinforcement
Learning
Input
Supervised
Learning

OutputReward signal

Learning
CircuitOutputDesiredError Output＋
SignalーInput

Learning
Circuit

大脳皮質
cerebral cortex

Outputthalamu basal ganglias視
大脳基底核
cerebellum 床substantia nigra
小脳

黒inferior
質 olivary nucleus
下オリーブ核[Doya et al., 2000]

An idea to reduce the learningtime• Sub-goal setting from the initial state• Learning from easy missions (start from nearthe goal)
Final Goal

feasible solution

Final Goal

feasible solution

Sub-goal

Easy state

Sub-goalMore difficult

Initial State

Most difficult

Shaping [Dorigo97] Learning from Easy Missions [Asada96a]

Start from near the goal!
• Writing a proposal from scratch is so difficult!
• Write a proposal on what you have done oralmost done! Because you know everything! If
succeeded, please prepare for the next step byutilizing the current grant.
• Write proposals as many and much as possible
with caring duplicated submissions. Pleasecheck which categories you can apply. Some ofthem are mutually conflict or priority if accepted.

What you should do first!
• Write a draft consists of
0. Title (your face, the most important!!!)1. Background
2. Issue(s)3. Your idea or method to solve
4. Plan or procedures
5. Create figures or illustrations to explain theabove• Apply the above parts to each section according
to the corresponding guideline.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6W0iGCto16I