Yamazaki, F. and Zavala, C.

Review:

SATREPS Project on Enhancement of Earthquake andTsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru
Fumio Yamazaki∗ and Carlos Zavala∗∗∗

Department of Urban Environment Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
E-mail: fumio.yamazaki@faculty.chiba-u.jp∗∗ CISMID, Faculty of Civil Engineering, National University of Engineering
Av. Tupac Amaru 1150 Rimac, Lima 25, Peru
E-mail: czavala@amauta.rcp.net.pe[Received November 24, 2012; accepted November 29, 2012]

This project conducts comprehensive research on
earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation in Peru
in the framework of “Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS),” sponsored by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The project focuses on fiveresearch fields, i.e., seismic motion and geotechnical,
tsunami, buildings, damage assessment, and disastermitigation planning. Almost three years have passed
since the five-year project started in March 2010. During this period, researchers in different fields fromJapan and Peru collaborate to achieve the overall objectives of the project. This paper summarizes theresearch framework and progress of the JST-JICA
project on earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation
technology in Peru.
Keywords: earthquake, tsunami, disaster mitigation, international cooperation, Peru

mitted by the present authors, “Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in
Peru,” was granted as one of the projects in the field of
natural disaster prevention in April 2009.
This project conducts a comprehensive research forearthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation in Peru considering regional characteristics, in strong collaboration
among researchers of Peru and Japan. The first author, F. Yamazaki, is the principal investigator (PI) of theJapanese team and the second author, C. Zavala, is the PIof the Peruvian team. After the preliminary acceptanceof our project, the preparatory phase started to plan thedetails of the joint research considering the needs of thedeveloping country (Peru) and the promotion of scienceand technology on the global issue (disaster mitigation).
The Record of Discussion (R/D) was signed on January 15, 2010, by the responsible authorities of the twonations, i.e., JICA and National University of Engineering in Lima, Peru. The project then was formally started
and will continue for a five-year period until March 2015.
This paper describes the overall objectives, research plan,and progress of the SATREPS Peru project.

1. Introduction
A new international research program called “Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)” was started in 2008 under the joint sponsorship of Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA). The scheme of SATREPS is shown in
Fig. 1. JICA, supervised by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), supports the project as a part of Official
Development Assistance (ODA), which requires the implementation of practical technologies to Peruvian society. At the same time, JST, under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT),
expects us to achieve scientific goals, e.g., developing
novel theories and new technologies.
Research proposals in the following four fields were invited to apply for the SATREPS grant: 1) Environment
and Energy, 2) Bio-resources, 3) Natural Disaster Prevention, and 4) Infectious Disease Control. A proposal sub-224

2. Background and Objectives of the Peru
Project
Natural disasters are one of the major threats to the people of the world. Earthquakes and tsunamis are major obstacles to sustainable development, especially for countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Understanding of natural
hazards and upgrading of societal resilience are necessary
in order to reduce disaster risks. Since earthquakes andtsunamis are rare but devastating events, data collection
on a global scale is necessary and international collaboration is inevitable for reducing losses due to these events,
as highlighted in the Hyogo Framework of Action [1]. In
this sense, Japan is expected to serve a leading role in the
promotion of international disaster mitigation because of
its long history of coping with natural disasters.
Peru is located in the circum-Pacific seismic belt ofhigh seismic and tsunami risk. Fig. 2 shows tectonic set-

Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

SATREPS Project on Enhancement of Earthquake andTsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru
Needs in Peru

MEXT, JST

MOFA, JICA

Collaboration

Technical Cooperation

SupportInternational Joint-research Project

ResearchPartnership

IGP, DHN, INDECI,CENEPRED, SENCICO,
Tacna Private U, MVCS,CONIDA, munuspalities
Peruvian Research Team

•Survey of past events•Seismic & MT observation•Structural tests and surveys•Assessment, Planning

Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami
Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru

International
Joint Research
Research Institutionsin Japan

CISMID/UNI•Sustainable Development•Reduction of Losses from EQ•Regional Characteristics•Implementation Technology

Research Institutions in
Developing Countries

Fig. 1. Scheme of Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS).1

Japanese
Research Team

G5: Chiba Univ.
Project Management, Disaster Mitigation Plan

G1: Chiba Univ.

G2:Tohoku Univ.

G3: BRI

G4: Tokyo Tech

Seismic M, Geotech

TsunamiBuilding

Damage Assessment

Implementation of Earthq. & Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru
Knowledge Transfer to Other Pacific-Rim Countries

Fig. 3. Structure and member organizations of the project.

Fig. 2. Tectonic settings and epicenters of earthquakes in
Peru and surrounding regions (modified from USGS [2] andChlieh et al. [3]).

tings and epicenters of earthquakes in Peru and the surrounding regions. Note that both Peru and Japan are located in similar seismic environments, frequently hit bydamaging earthquakes and tsunamis. In this region, large
plate-boundary earthquakes have occurred recently offshore of Atico (Mw = 8.4, June 23, 2001) and offshore of
Pisco (Mw = 8.0, August 15, 2007). A large number ofbuildings and infrastructures were destroyed, hundreds ofpeople were killed, and tsunamis were generated by these
events. Thus, in recent years, earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation has drawn considerable attention in Peru.
Not only due to the physical similarities of the twocountries, Peru and Japan have had a long-term relationship since 1873 when official relations started. A large
number of immigrants from Japan settled in Peru in theearly 20th century.
Their relationship in the field of disaster mitigation
technology also has some history. Japan-Peru Center for
Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Mitigation (CIS1. http://www.jst.go.jp/global/english/about.html

Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

MID) was established at the National University of Engineering (UNI) in 1987 through the support of the Government of Japan. CISMID, as one of the leading centers for earthquake engineering research in Latin America, has collaborated with many Japanese research institutions, notably the Building Research Institute (BRI) in
Tsukuba, Japan.
The significance of this joint research between Peru
and Japan is summarized in the following four points: 1)
the contribution of Japanese science and technology todisaster mitigation in Peru, 2) the providing of research
fields to Japanese geoscience and earthquake engineeringcommunities, 3) contributions to international researchon tele-tsunamis caused by subduction-zone earthquakes,
and 4) the promotion of disaster mitigation and humanresources development through the sharing of knowledge
from joint international research.

3. Overall Research Plan and Member Organizations
In this research project, comprehensive research on
earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation in Peru will
be carried out through strong collaboration among researchers from Peru and Japan. Fig. 3 shows the organizational structure of this five-year project. Joint research will be carried out on five main research topics:
1) Strong motion prediction and development of seismic
microzonation; 2) Development of tsunami countermeasures based on numerical simulation; 3) Enhancement ofseismic resistance of buildings based on structural experiments and field investigations; 4) Development of spatial
information databases using remote sensing technology
and earthquake damage assessment for scenario earthquakes; 5) Development of earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation plan and its implementation into society.
Japanese research team consists of five groups (G1 to
G5 in Fig. 3) corresponding to the five topics.
Peruvian research team consists of CISMID/UNI, Na225

Yamazaki, F. and Zavala, C.

G1: Strong motion/
Geotechnical

4. Scope and Prospected Outputs of the Project
Source Model

G2: Tsunami

Deep Structure

Bathymetry

Rock Motion

Tsunami Propagation
Topography & Soil

Surface Motion

Tsunami Run-up
Spatial Database

Damage Assessment

Damage Detection
G4: Damage
Assessment

Seismic Resistance

Tsunami Damage

Diagnosis & Retrofit

T. Countermeasures

G3: Building

Disaster Mitigation Plan

G5: Disaster
Mitigation Plan

Fig. 4. Flowchart and research topics of the Peru project
and the five groups in charge.

tional Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI), Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP), Direction of Hydrology andNavigation (DHN), National Committee for Aerospace
Research and Development (CONIDA), Disaster Prevention and Study Center (PREDES), National Institute ofCulture (INC), Ministry of Housing, Construction, andSanitation (MVCS), National Service of Training for theConstruction Industry (SENCICO), Tacna Private University (UPT), National Office of Electronic Government
and Information (ONGEI-PCM), and Municipalities in
the project’s study areas.
In 2011, “National System for Disaster Risk Management: synergistic, decentralized, participatory and crosssystem (SINAGERD)” was issued by the Peruvian Government. Under this new law, a new government agency
called CENEPRED (Centro Nacional de Estimación, Prevención y Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres) was established. CENEPRED is in charge of the reconstruction, estimation, prevention, and reduction stages of thedisaster risk management process, while INDECI is incharge of the preparedness, response, and rehabilitation
stages. These two organizations are considered the twopillars supporting the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (PCM) in disaster risk management. Considering
the importance of CENEPRED in natural disaster reduction in Peru, we invited CENEPRED to be one of the key
members of the project in August 2012.
Figure 4 shows research topics and items of the project
and the groups in charge of them. Based on research output from four groups (G1-G4), the disaster mitigation plangroup (G5) will propose and implement earthquake andtsunami disaster mitigation plans for case study areas in
Peru. Two case study areas, Metropolitan Lima (including Callao) and Tacna, were selected after preliminary
surveys. In addition to these two areas, areas affected inrecent earthquakes, i.e., Pisco in the 2007 event and Camana and Arequipa in the 2001 event, were also selected
as developing hazard and damage assessment models.

226

The Japanese Detailed Planning Survey Team organized by JICA visited Peru from August 5 to 13, 2009,
for the purpose of working out the details of the technicalcooperation program concerning the project. During its
stay in Peru, the team exchanged views and had a seriesof discussions with Peruvian organizations concerned, led
by CISMID/UNI. As a result, the team and Peruvian organizations agreed on the matters referred in the document [4].
The objective of this project has been agreed to as “developing technologies and measures for the assessmentand mitigation of earthquake and tsunami disasters causedby large-magnitude interplate earthquakes occurring off
the coast of Peru.” It is further envisaged that such technologies be widely used in Peru and also disseminated andapplied in other Pacific-rim countries, especially in neighboring countries facing the risks of large-magnitude interplate earthquakes and tsunamis. In addition, the project is
expected to contribute to human resources development aswell as research advancements in Peruvian and Japaneseinstitutes involved in the project.
The following seven expected outputs are listed in theagreed-upon master plan:
1) Scenarios of large-magnitude interplate earthquakes
are identified that will potentially cause the most significant losses in Peru (G1, G2).
2) Geographical information on study areas is prepared(G4).
3) Tsunami disaster losses in study areas by scenario
earthquakes are estimated and mitigation technologies are developed (G2).
4) Strong motion and ground failure in study areas by
scenario earthquakes are simulated (G1).
5) Earthquake disaster losses in study areas by scenario
earthquakes are estimated, and mitigation technologies are developed (G4).
6) Technologies for evaluating seismic-resistance andstructural retrofit are developed, adapted to building
characteristics of Peru (G3).
7) Earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation is promoted in study areas (G5).
The schedule of the five-year project is shown in Table 1. To implement the project, JICA will provide theservices of JICA experts (Japanese research members),
machinery, equipment and other materials necessary for
conducting the project and will receive Peruvian personnel for technical training in Japan. Actual joint researchis carried out by the five joint research groups. In addition
to group-based technical collaborations, project members
meet annually either in Peru or Japan on occasions ofproject workshops and other events.
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SATREPS Project on Enhancement of Earthquake andTsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru

Table 1. Schedule of SATREPS Peru project.
Research Items
Project Management【Chiba U and CISMID/UNI】
G1: Seismic motion & Geotechnical【Chiba U and CISMID, IGP】
1-1 Source modeling and seismic motion
1-2 Site response & Microzonation
1-3 Slope failure assessment
G2: Tsunami【Tohoku U and DHN, CISMID】
2-1 Tsunami propagation and impacts
2-2 Tsunami hazard mapping
2-3 Tsunami DM technology
G3: Buildings【BRI and CISMID】
3-1 Seismic tests database
3-2 Diagnosis and Retrofit
3-3 Retrofit of historical buildings

2010

Period FY（2010-2014）
2012
2013

2011

WS▼

JCC䕰

WS▼

Source modeling

WS▼

2014
WS▼

JCC䕰

Microzonation

Seismic Response Analysis

Field survey, measurement
Tsunami simulation
Data collection

JCC䕰

Simulation of SM

EQ and MT observation, Geological survey

Hazard map

Inundation and impact
Damage assessment method

Historical tsunami data

Tsunami damage analysis

Tsunami DM technology

Literature Survey, Tests

Database development

Develop diagnosis method

Retrofit technology, Validation tests

Guideline

Survey, Risk assessment

Retrofit Technology

Guideline

G4; Damage Assessment【Tokyo Tech and CISMID, CONIDA】 Data collection Geospatial data
4-1 Geo-spatial database
Data collection
Methodology
4-2 Damage detection using RS
Damage assessment method
4-3 Damage assessment for Scenario EQ
G5; Disaster Mitigation Plan
【Chiba U and INDECI, CENEPRED,CISMID】

JCC䕰

WS▼

Literature Survey

Database development
Damage detection
Assessment, risk map

Planning

Dissemination, Education

5. Research Activities
First, we selected the two case study sites, Lima and
Tacna, for this research project. The Lima metropolitan
area is the capital and the largest city in Peru, with about
eight million in population. Tacna is the regional capital
city of the Tacna Region in southern Peru on the borderwith Chile.
Scenario earthquake events for damage assessment
were determined based on recent studies [5, 6]. Two major historical earthquakes shown in Fig. 5 were selected
for this purpose because these two events are the mostdamaging and are expected to have significant effects on
Peru.
The first event is the 1746 Lima-Callao earthquake(Mw8.6) that destroyed the city of Lima completely andproduced about 6,000 deaths. The second event is the1868 southern Peru (Arica) earthquake (Mw8.8), which
produced large tsunamis along the coasts of Peru andChile. (Note that Arica, now a part of Chile, belonged
to Peru at that time.) The earthquake almost completely
destroyed Arica, Tacna, Moquegua and Arequipa areas,
with about 25,000 deaths. The recurrence of these megaearthquakes is anticipated along the Peru-Chile Pacificcoast [7].
Each group performs research on the basis of the master plan. Group 1 studies seismic motion and geotechnical aspects in Peru. In this regard, ten accelerometers
were provided to Peru in this project to enhance seismic
observation systems in Peru. Fig. 6 shows the location of
the new accelerometers together with existing ones on the
Lima’s subsurface soil map [8, 9]. Seismic records obtained by the instruments are posted on the CISMID web
Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

Fig. 5. Location of major earthquakes in Peru [5] and two
scenario earthquakes employed in this study.

page.
Group 1 also performs site investigations to measureground response and shear wave velocity profiles at thecase study sites by microtremor observations. Based on
microtremor and seismic observations and existing geological data, the amplification ratios of the Fourier spectra were proposed for Lima to produce microzonation
227

Yamazaki, F. and Zavala, C.

Fig. 6. Location of seismometers in Lima on a soil distribution map [8, 9].

Fig. 7. Result of tsunami inundation simulation at La Punta
for the 1746 Lima-Callao earthquake [11].

maps [8].
Group 2 studies tsunami modeling, numerical simulation, damage assessment, and evacuation planning. Adriano et al. [10] calculated tsunami inundation areas forthe 2001 Atico earthquake, and compared the computed
tsunami run-up height with field observation data. The
study shows good agreement between them, which confirms the application of numerical simulation to tsunami
hazard evaluation in Peru. Fig. 7 shows a result of tsunami
propagation simulation for the 1746 Lima-Callao earthquake [11]. This kind of results are currently utilized tomap inundations in Callao and are referenced in evacuation planning in the La Punta district in Callao [12].
228

Fig. 8. Structural test at CISMID using the newly introduced
jack system (bottom).

Group 3 studies seismic resistance and retrofit of buildings in Peru. The structural laboratory of CISMID wasestablished in 1987, and since then, initially introduced
testing equipment had been used. New structural and material testing systems were recently introduced using the
JICA’s budget for this project, as shown in Fig. 8. Using
the new equipment, cyclic loading tests were conducted
for a typical structural system in Peru [13]. These experiments create a database to determine effective retrofit
methods for buildings in Peru, combined with field survey
data.
Group 4 assesses seismic damage to buildings in thecase study sites for the scenario earthquakes. Fig. 9 shows
an example of a building inventory in Lima obtained fromthe combined use of census data, satellite images, andland-use and digital elevation maps [14]. Group 4 also
develops the methods of earthquake damage detection using satellite optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
images. For the 2007 Pisco earthquake, building damage detection was carried out using high-resolution optical satellite images [15] and moderate-resolution satellite SAR (ALOS/PALSAR) intensity images [16]. These
damage detection methods are considered to be useful inearly damage assessment after the occurrence of largemagnitude earthquakes.
Integrating all output from each research group, Group
5 proposes disaster mitigation plans for the case study areas. Various spatial data including land-use, roads andbuildings, geological profiles and elevations should begathered in addition to studying laws and regulations related to urban planning in Peru. Fig. 10 shows the landJournal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

SATREPS Project on Enhancement of Earthquake andTsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru
7-story
apartment
12 households
Under construction

6. Joint Field Survey for the 2010 Maule, Chile,
Earthquake

2-story
Individual
5 households

7

2-story
Individual
1 household

2-story
Individual
1 household

8

10

9

6-2

11
9

2-story
Quinta12 households

8

7

6

10

2-story
Individual
1 household

11
12

6-1

2-story
Individual
2 households

12

5

13
5

4

2

3

13

1

2-story
Quinta9 households

4

17-story
Apartment
32 households

8-story
Apartment
14 households

3

13-story
Apartment
36 households

2

20-story
Apartment
57 households

1

16-story
Apartment
15 households

Fig. 9. Satellite image and photographs taken in the fieldsurvey for building inventory development in Lima [14].

Fig. 10. Land-use plan for Pisco city proposed by CISMID
after the 2007 Pisco earthquake.

use plan for central Pisco city proposed by CISMID after
the 2007 Pisco earthquake. Since buildings in this area
were severely damaged due to strong seismic motion, soil
condition was the major factor for this proposed land-use.

Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

An earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 8.8
occurred off the coast of the Maule Region of Chile on
February 27, 2010, at 03:34 local time (06:34 UTC). The
event took place at the convergence boundary where the
Nazca plate subducts under the South American plate.
The tsunami generated by the earthquake hit the coastline of Chile and propagated across the Pacific Ocean to
Pacific islands and Japan. As a part of the SATREPS Peru
project, three survey teams, supported by JST and consisting of Japanese and Peruvian researchers, were dispatched to affected areas from early April to May, 2010,as shown in Fig. 11. The reason why such internationalgroups conducted the field survey was that lessons fromthe 2010 Chile event are expected to apply to earthquake
and tsunami disaster mitigation technologies in Peru because the two countries have common regional tectonics
and similar natural/social environments.
The first survey team collected quick damage data withthe aid of GPS and high-resolution satellite images. Georeferenced photos and videos were taken in hard-hit areas
such as the example shown in Fig. 12. The results of fieldsurvey and analysis using high-resolution satellite images
and collected GIS data were presented in a paper [17].
The second survey team, consisting of tsunami scientists, focused on measurement of tsunami inundation
height, flow depth and inundation extent, inspection of
structural damage, and collection of eyewitness accounts.
Using inundation depths obtained in the field survey
and through damage inspection using pre- and post-event
satellite imagery in Dichato, tsunami fragility curves wereconstructed for the first time in southwestern Pacific countries [18].
The third survey team, consisting of structural engineers, geotechnical engineers, and seismologists, conducted a field investigation on strong motion, local site
effects, and building damage. In order to evaluate the seismic source model, Pulido et al. [19] calculated coseismic
vertical displacements and compared them with observed
uplift and subsidence values measured along the coastline as well as with displacements obtained from strong
ground motion and high-sampling GPS records. Saito
et al. [20] summarized detailed information on buildings
damaged due the earthquake.
The reconnaissance report was written and posted on
the project’s website [21]. These studies will be used forunderstanding earthquake and tsunami disasters in SouthAmerica.

7. Project Management and Outcome
For project management, project workshops are held
annually either in Peru or Japan. The first workshop washeld at the CISMID conference hall in Lima on March
15 and 16, 2010, as shown in Fig. 13. In this kick-off
workshop, the Japanese Ambassador to Peru, the JICA
229

Yamazaki, F. and Zavala, C.

Fig. 11. The 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake reconnaissance survey teams set up by SATREPS Peru Project. Team 1 to 3, left to right.

Fig. 13. Participants in the first workshop on March 15–16,
2010, at CISMID/UNI in Lima, Peru.
Tsunami water mark on the wall(a)

Washed-away houses by the river

(b)

230cm

Tsunami intruded from the river

(c)

(d)

Tsunami water mark in residential area

Fig. 14. Participants in the second workshop on March 910, 2011, at Chiba University in Chiba, Japan.

Fig. 12. Field survey route and photo shooting points on asatellite image of Constitución (top) and geo-referenced field
photos (bottom).

Lima office Director, and JST representatives attended inaddition to 25 Japanese researchers. From the Peruvianside, the president and directors of UNI, representativesof the Peru International Cooperation Agency (APCI),
and members of the project and other engineers/students
participated. We also invited ten earthquake engineeringresearchers from neighboring Latin American countries.
The total number of participants, including the audience,
was about 500 for this two-day workshop. The reason forsuch significant attention to this project in Peru was partially due to the 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake, which
230

occurred about two weeks before the workshop.
The second workshop was held at Chiba University
in Chiba, Japan on March 9 and 10, 2011, as shown in
Fig. 14. Fifteen researchers from Peru and five fromneighboring Latin American countries were invited together with Japanese members. After the two-day workshop, participants from overseas and some Japanese members went on a technical visit to the Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI) in Yokosuka, Japan, to observe its
large-scale tsunami testing facility. After viewing an artificial tsunami in the morning, the 2011 Great Tohoku
earthquake occurred in the afternoon when they were in
Kamakura. This workshop thus became truly unforgetJournal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

SATREPS Project on Enhancement of Earthquake andTsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru

Fig. 15. Participants in the third workshop on March 13, 2012, in Tokyo, Japan.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 16. Activities of Japanese researchers in Peru; (a) seminar at Peruvian Congress on earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation
technology, (b) tsunami simulation seminar and training at CISMID, (c) training of young researchers in Lima about microtremor
measurement.

table, especially for the overseas participants.
The third workshop was held with more than 70 participants in Japan again on March 13, 2012 (Fig. 15) because of the one-year anniversary of the 2011 Tohoku
earthquake. We discussed the progress of the project
and the annual schedule for the coming fiscal year. The
participants also attended the International Symposium
on Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Reduction, commemorating the Tohoku earthquake, held in Sendai fromMarch 14 to 16, organized by JICA, JST, and National
Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). For this symposium, members from four
SATREPS projects related to earthquake and tsunami, i.e.,
Indonesia, the Philippines, Peru and Chile, participatedand shared knowledge and technologies in this field.
One of the important aspects of the Peru project istechnical supports by sending Japanese experts to Peruor inviting Peruvian researchers to Japan. Japanese researchers, especially young researchers, gain experienceby working with Peruvian researchers in performing laboratory tests and field surveys. Fig. 16 shows activities ofJapanese project members in Peru, such as (a) a seminarat the Peruvian Congress, (b) a tsunami simulation seminar and training, and (c) training in microtremor measurement.
The project also invites young Peruvian researchers forhuman resources development. Five short-term trainees
Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

have already been invited to study in Japan, with thesupport of JICA, at Chiba University, Tohoku University
and the Building Research Institute. Three doctoral students from CISMID/UNI selected for Japanese Government Scholarships by MEXT are now studying at Yokohama National University, Chiba University and Tokyo
Institute of Technology.
The Joint Coordinating Committee (JCC), defined in
the minutes [4], was organized soon after the start of the
project. JCC provides oversight on the project and meetsannually and as necessary, in order to fulfill the following
functions:
1) Approve an annual work plan of the project,
2) Review progress of the annual work plan,
3) Review and exchange opinions on major issues that
may arise during implementation of the project,
4) Discuss other issues pertinent to smooth implementation of the project.
The first JCC meeting was held in September 2011 inLima, Peru, attended by the president of UNI, the directorof the JICA Peru office, APCI representative, the Japanese
Ambassador to Peru, and related organizations of Peru
and Japan. The progress of the project was accepted by
the JCC.
231

Yamazaki, F. and Zavala, C.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 17. Activities in August 2012 at (a) the second JCC meeting at CISMID, (b) a visit of the Public Awareness Center of INDECIin Arequipa, (c) the Peru-Chile-Japan International Symposium in Tacna.

In August 2012, the mid-term project review was conducted in Lima together with the second JCC (Fig. 17a)
following the project evaluation procedure of JICA. The
evaluation team, consisting of JICA consultants and headquarters members and JST observers, interviewed Peruvian stakeholders and judged that the progress of the
project as on schedule. After the review activities, the25th Anniversary Symposium of CISMID was held on
August 17 and 18. The presence and role of CISMID
in the field of earthquake disaster mitigation in Peru andSouth America was found to grow steadily.
After the events in Lima, Japanese and Peruvian researches visited the Public Awareness Center of INDECIin Arequipa (Fig. 17b). We discussed support from Japanfor public awareness and education on earthquakes andtsunamis in Peru, based on experience in Japan.
It is recognized that subduction zone earthquakes insouthern Peru, like the 1868 event, affect both Peru
and Chile. Fortunately, the SATREPS Chile project
on tsunami disaster reduction started in the beginningof 2012 and collaboration between the two government agencies, INDECI (Peru) and ONEMI (Chile), also
started recently in response to earthquakes and tsunamis
near borders of Peru and Chile. Given these circumstances, members of both SATREPS projects gathered in
Tacna, near the border, on August 20, 2012. The first
Peru-Chile-Japan symposium on earthquake and tsunami
disaster mitigation was held with the participation of representatives from CENEPRED, INDECI, ONEMI, JICA,
and UNESCO as well as SATREPS researchers and local residents (Fig. 17c). We wish this event be just thefirst-step in international collaboration in earthquake andtsunami disaster mitigation in South America.

seismic motion and geotechnical, tsunami, buildings, spatial information database and damage assessment, anddisaster mitigation planning.
Almost three years have passed since the five-year
project started in March 2010. During this period, researchers in different fields from Japan and Peru collaborate to achieve the overall objectives of the project. To
promote the project, JICA has provided equipment andother materials for Peru and has received Peruvian personnel for technical training and meetings in Japan. Japanese
researchers were dispatched to Peru to promote joint research and to give training courses.
A field survey of the 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake was also carried out by coordinating Peruvian andJapanese researchers. Three project workshops have already been held either in Peru or Japan with the attendance of researchers from Japan, Peru and Latin America
countries. The project has also contributed to human resources development by providing educational opportunities to young Peruvian researchers at Japanese universities
and research institutes.
The project will continue for two more years and is expected to contribute greatly in enhancing earthquake andtsunami disaster mitigation technology in Peru and neighboring Latin America countries.
Acknowledgements
This project is supported by Japan International Corporation
Agency (JICA) and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)in the framework of Science and Technology Research Partnershipfor Sustainable Development (SATREPS).

References:

8. Conclusions
An international research program called “Science andTechnology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)” has been started under joint sponsorship by JST and JICA. This paper has described
the background, objectives and research activities of
the SATREPS project “Enhancement of Earthquake andTsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru.” Theproject has been promoted by five research groups, i.e.,

232[1] United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction,“Hyogo Framework of Action for 2005-2015: Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters,” 2005, http://www.
unisdr.org/eng/hfa/hfa.htm [accessed Jan. 1, 2013][2] Unite States Geological Survey, Poster of the Ica, Peru Earthquake of 15 August 2007 – Magnitude 8.0, Earthquakes Hazard Program USGS, 2007, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/
eqarchives/poster/2007/20070815.php [accessed Jan. 1, 2013][3] M. Chlieh, J. B. de Chabalier, J. C. Ruegg, R. Armijo, R. Dmowska,
J. Campos, and K. L. Feigl, “Crustal deformation and fault slip during the seismic cycle in the North Chile subduction zone, from GPS
and InSAR observations,” Geophys. J. Int., Vol.158, pp. 695-711,
2004.
[4] Japan International Cooperation Agency, “Minutes of meeting be-

Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

SATREPS Project on Enhancement of Earthquake andTsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru

Appendix A. List of the Project Members
Group

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

Peru
Zenon Aguilar (CISMID)
Jorge Alva (CISMID)
Fernando Lazares (CISMID)
Diana Calderón (CISMID)
Ronald Woodman (IGP)
Hernando Tavera (IGP)
David Portugal (IGP)
Leonidas Ocola (UNMSM)
Carlos Holguin Valdivia (DHN)
Julio Kuroiwa (UNI)
Miguel Estrada (CISMID)
Cesar Jimenez (DHN)
Atilio Aste (DHN)
Nabilt Moggiano (DHN)
Sheila Yauri (IGP)
Carlos Zavala (CISMID)
Javier Pique (UNI)
Patricia Gibu (CISMID)
Gabriela Silva (M Cultuta)
Maria Eugenia Cordova (M Cultura)
Ricardo Proaño (CISMID)
Luis Moya (CISMID)
Jenny Taira (CISMID)
Lourdes Cardenas (CISMID)
Dina Cotrado (Tacna Private Univ.)
Maria del Carmen Corrales(Lima Metropolitan Municipality)
Miguel Estrada (CISMID)
Jorge Pacheco (CONIDA)
Miguel Miranda (CONIDA)
Carmen Villon (CONIDA)
Jorge Morales (CISMID)
Alberto Bisbal (INDECI)
Aurelio Padilla (UNI)Francisco Rios (CISMID)Jose Sato (PREDES)
Luis Tagle (MVCS)
Carmen Kuroiwa (SENCICO)
Victoria Ramos (CISMID)

tween JICA detailed planning survey team and the National University of Engineering,” 2009.
[5] A. Sladen, H. Tavera, M. Simons, J. P. Avouac, A. O. Konca, H.
Perfettini, L. Audin, E. J. Fielding, F. Ortega, and R. Cavagnoud,“Source model of the 2007 Mw 8.0 Pisco, Peru earthquake: Implications for seismogenic behavior of subduction megathrusts,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.115, B02405, 2010.
[6] N. Pulido, H. Tavera, Z. Aguilar, M. Chlieh, D. Calderon, S. Nakai,
T. Sekiguchi, and F. Yamazaki, “Mega-earthquakes Rupture Scenarios and Strong Motion Simulations for Central Andes, Peru,”
The International Symposium for CISMID 25th Anniversary, Lima,
Peru, CD-ROM, Paper No.TS-6-2, p. 8, 2012.
[7] E. A. Okal, J. C. Borrero, and C. E. Synolakis, “Evaluation of
Tsunami Risk from Regional Earthquakes at Pisco, Peru,” Bulletinof the Seismological Society of America, Vol.96, No.5, pp. 16341648, 2006.
[8] D. Calderon, T. Sekiguchi, S. Nakai, Z. Aguilar, and F. Lazares,“Study of Soil Amplification based on Microtremor and Seismic

Journal of Disaster Research Vol.8 No.2, 2013

Japan
Shoichi Nakai (Chiba University)
Toru Sekiguchi (Chiba University)
Hiroaki Yamanaka (Tokyo Tech)
Hiroshi Arai (NILIM)
Nelson Pulido (NIED)
Shin Koyama (BRI)
Selene Quispe (Tokyo Tech)
Carlos Gonzales (Chiba University)
Shunichi Koshimura (Tohoku University)
Yushiro Fujii (BRI)
Gaku Shoji (Tsukuba University)
Yuji Yagi (Tsukuba University)
Hideaki Yanagisawa (Tohoku Gakuin Univ.)
Eric Mas (Tohoku University)
Bruno Adriano (Tohoku University)
Taiki Saito (Toyohashi Univ. of Tech)
Masaomi Teshigawara (Nagoya University)
Koichi Kusunoki (Yokohama National Univ.)
Carlos Cuadra (Akita Prefectural Univ.)
Shunsuke Sugano (BRI)
Masanori Tani (BRI)
Miguel Diaz (Yokohama National Univ.)

Saburo Midorikawa (Tokyo Tech)
Hiroyuki Miura (Hiroshima University)
Masashi Matsuoka (Tokyo Tech)
Yoshihisa Maruyama (Chiba University)
Luis Quiroz (Chiba University)
Fumio Yamazaki (Chiba University)
Miki Muraki (Chiba University)
Hideki Kaji (Tokyo Tech)
Hidehiko Kanegae (Ritsumeikan Univ.)
Osamu Murao (Tsukuba University)
Shizuko Matsuzaki (Chiba University)

Records,” Journal of Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering,
Vol.12, No.2, p. 20, 2012.
[9] CISMID, “Study of the Vulnerability and Seismic Risk in 42 districts of Lima and Callao,” National University of Engineering,Lima, Peru, 2005 (in Spanish).
[10] B. Adriano, S. Koshimura, and Y. Fujii, “Tsunami Source and Inundation Modeling of the June 2001 Peru Earthquake,” Joint Conference Proceedings 9CUEE/4ACEE, pp. 2061-2065, 2012.
[11] B. Adriano, E. Mas, S. Koshimura, Y. Fujii, S. Yauri, C. Jimenez,and H. Yanagisawa, “Tsunami Inundation Mapping in Lima, for
Two Tsunami Source Scenarios,” Journal of Disaster Research,
Vol.8, No.2, pp. 274-284, 2013 (this number).
[12] E. Mas, B. Adriano, and S. Koshimura, “An Integrated Simulationof Tsunami Hazard and Human Evacuation in La Punta, Peru,” Journal of Disaster Research, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 285-295, 2013 (this number).
[13] C. Zavala, P. Gibu, L. Lavado, J. Taira, L. Cardenas, and L. Ceferino, “Cyclic Behavior of Low Ductility Walls Considering Per-233

Yamazaki, F. and Zavala, C.

pendicular Action,” Journal of Disaster Research, Vol.8, No.2, pp.
312-319, 2013 (this number).
[14] M. Matsuoka, H. Miura, S. Midorikawa, and M. Estrada, “Extraction of Urban Information for Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment in Lima, Peru Using Satellite Imagery,” Journal of Disaster
Research, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 328-345, 2013 (this number).
[15] S. Matsuzaki, F. Yamazaki, M. Estrada, and C. Zavala, “Visual
Damage Interpretation of Buildings Using QuickBird Images Following the 2007 Peru Earthquake,” The 3rd Asia Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 8, 2010.
[16] M. Matsuoka and M. Estrada, “Development of EarthquakeInduced Building Damage Estimation Model Based on
ALOS/PALSAR Observing the 2007 Peru Earthquake,” Journal of Disaster Research, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 346-355, 2013 (thisnumber).
[17] Y. Maruyama, F. Yamazaki, S. Matsuzaki, H. Miura, and M.
Estrada, “Evaluation of Building Damage and Tsunami Inundation
Based on Satellite Images and GIS Data Following the 2010 Chile
Earthquake,” Earthquake Spectra, Vol.28, No.S1, pp. S165-S178,
2012.
[18] E. Mas, S. Koshimura, A. Suppasri, M. Matsuoka, M. Matsuyama,
T. Yoshii, C. Jimenez, F. Yamazaki, and F. Imamura, “Developing
Tsunami fragility curves using remote sensing and survey data of
the 2010 Chilean Tsunami in Dichato,” Natural Hazards and Earth
System Sciences, European Geosciences Union, Vol.12, pp. 26892697, 2012.
[19] N. Pulido, Y. Yagi, H. Kumagai, and N. Nishimura, “Rupture process and coseismic deformations of the February 2010 Maule earthquake, Chile,” Earth, Planets and Space, Vol.63, pp. 955-959, 2011.
[20] T. Saito, S. Kono, K. Kusunoki, Y. Kim, T. Matsui, M. Tani, Y. Hibino, C. Zavala, and P. Gibu, “Damage Investigation of Reinforced
Concrete Buildings at the 2010 Chile Earthquake,” Proceedings of
the 8th International Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering,
Paper No.04-077, Tokyo, 2011.
[21] JST-JICA SATREPS Peru Project Chile Earthquake Field Investigation Team, 2010 Chile Earthquake and Tsunami Technical Report, http://ares.tu.chiba-u.jp/peru/pdf/output/tr/JST-JICA-CHILEEARTHQUAKE-AND-TSUNAMI-REPORT.pdf [accessed Jan. 1,
2013]

Name:
Fumio Yamazaki

Name:
Carlos Zavala

Affiliation:
Researcher, Laboratory of Structures, CISMID
Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, National
University of Engineering

Address:
Los Ishipingos (Ex-Abetos) 245 Dpt. 202 Urb. El Remanso La Molina,
Lima 12, Lima, Peru

Brief Career:
1984 Undergraduate Course, Faculty of Civil Engineering, National
University of Engineering (UNI), Lima, Peru
1989 Master Course, Graduate School Faculty of Civil Engineering,
National University of Engineering (UNI), Lima, Peru
1995 Ph.D., Graduate School of Architecture, University of Tokyo, Japan
2001 Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, National University ofEngineering, Lima, Peru
2007-2012 Director of Japan Peru Center of Earthquake Engineering
Research & Disaster Mitigation CISMID

Selected Publications:• C. Zavala, K. Ohi, and K. Takanashi, “A general Scheme for
Substructuring On-line Hybrid Test on Planar Moment Frames (TheNeural Network Model),” Proceedings of 4th Pacific Steel Structures
Conference, Pergamom Press, October 1995.
• C. Zavala, “Improvement on low cost housing through non-conventional
construction systems,” Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, February 2000.
• C. Zavala, C. Honma, P. Gibu et. al, “Full Scale On Line Test On Two
Story Masonry Building Using Handmade Bricks,” Proceedings of the 13th
World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE), Vancouver,
Canada, August 2004.
• C. Zavala, Z. Aguilar, and M. Estrada, “Evaluation of SRSND Simulator
against Fragility Curves for Pisco Quake,” Proceedings of the 8thInternational Conference on Urban Earthquake Engineering Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 2011.

Academic Societies & Scientific Organizations:• Peru Engineering Association (CIP)

Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Urban Environment
Systems, Chiba University

Address:
1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

Brief Career:
1978 Research Engineer, Shimizu Corporation, Japan
1989 Associate Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo
2001 Professor, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Thailand
2003 Professor, Department of Urban Environment Systems, Chiba
University

Selected Publications:• W. Liu and F. Yamazaki, “Detection of Crustal Movement from
TerraSAR-X intensity images for the 2011 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake,”
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 199-203, 2013.
• A. Meslem, F. Yamazaki, and Y. Maruyama, “Accurate evaluation ofbuilding damage in the 2003 Boumerdes, Algeria earthquake from
QuickBird satellite images,” Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, Vol.5,
No.1, pp. 1-18, 2011.

Academic Societies & Scientific Organizations:• Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE)• American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE)• Seismological Society of America (SSA)• Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, USA (EERI)

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