English

IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FORWILDLIFE SPECIES TRADED IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA

(No national legislation included)

James Compton/TSEA

Chris Shepherd/TSEA
TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

WWF-Malaysia/Stephen Hogg
REACH/Amran

Chris Shepherd/TSEAMark Auliya/TSEAMark Auliya/TSEA
Ocean Park Hong Kong
Chris Shepherd/TSEA

TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2012

Chris Shepherd/TSEA
Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Chris Shepherd/TSEAMark Auliya/TSEA
Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Chris Shepherd/TSEA

2012/1r

WWF-Canon / Frédéric MONNOT

Claire Beastall

Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Chris Shepherd/TSEA

TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Contents (1)These identification sheets have been prepared by TRAFFIC Southeast Asia to assist enforcement officials in the identification of wildlife species
that are commonly found in trade in Southeast Asia. These were prepared between 2008 and 2011 and feature 99 sheets.

RESOURCESCITES and the IUCN Red List
CITES Management and Scientific Authorities
Guide to Verification of CITES Permits
Measurements and Glossary* Common Smuggling Techniques - On the Person* Common Smuggling Techniques - Hidden in Luggage* Common Smuggling Techniques - Hidden in Cargo* Common Smuggling Techniques - Mixed with Lookalike Species* Common Smuggling Techniques - Under the Guise of Captive Breeding* Detecting Fraudulent Permits* Situations where Fraudulent Permits are often Found

BIRDS© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2012

MAMMALS
Bos gaurus & Bos javanicus
Capricornis
Pantholops hodgsonii
Saiga tatarica
Deer and Antlers
Moschus spp.
Felidae (1)Felidae (2)Felidae (3)Southeast Asian Otters
Helarctos malayanus
Ursus thibetanus
Hemigalus derbyanus & Chrotogale owstoni
Prionodon pardicolor & Prionodon linsang
Arctictis binturong
Rhinocerotidae
Manis
Primates
Nycticebus
Macaca fascicularis
Elephas maximus & Loxodonta africana* Not included in this version

Gaur and Banteng
SerowsTibetan Antelope - ShatooshSaiga Antelope
Multi-tined Antlers
Musk Deer
CatsSoutheast Asian CITES I Cats
Parts & Derivatives commonly found in Trade
Southeast Asian Otters
Sun Bear
Asiatic Black Bear
Banded Palm Civet & Owston’s Civet
Spotted Linsang & Banded Linsang
Binturong
Rhinoceros
Pangolins
Primates
LorisesLong-tailed Macaque
Elephants

Dendrocygna javanica & D. arcuata
Leptoptilos
Bucerotidformes
Copsychus malbaricus
Falconiformes
Pycnonotus zeylanicus
Garrulax bicolor
Gracula religiosa
Psittaciformes
Cacatua
Probosciger aterrimus
Eos
Loriculus galgulus
Lorius garrulus
Lorius lory
Strigiformes

Lesser Whistling & Wandering Whistling Ducks (Ducks)
Adjutant Storks
Hornbills
White-rumped Shama
Birds of Prey
Straw-headed Bulbul
Sumatran Laughingthrush
Hill Mynah
Parrots
White Cockatoos
Palm Cockatoo
Indonesian Lorikeets
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot
Chattering Lory
Black-capped Lory
Owls

Contents (2)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2012

REPTILESAMPHIBIANS

Crocodylia
Alligators & Caiman
Crocodylus novaeguinea & C. mindorensis

Hides (Crocodile Hides)
Alligators & Caimans (Alligators & Caimans)Philippine & New Guinea Crocodiles

Dyscophus antongilii(Philippine & New Guinea Crocodiles)

Crocodylus porosus & C. siamensis
Tomistoma schlegelii
Uromastyx
PhelsumaGekko gecko
VaranusPtyas mucosus
Ophiophagus hannah, Naja
Pythons
Carettochelys insculpta
Chelus fimbriatus
Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae
Eretmochelys imbricata
Batagur
Geoclemys hamiltonii
Cuora
Leucocephalon yuwonoi
Platysternon megacephalum
Orlitia borneensis
Siebenrockiella leytensis
Trachemys scripta elegans
Testudinidae
Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata
Astrochelys yniphora
Chelonoides (Geochelone) carbonaria
Geochelone elegans
Geochelone platynota
Geochelone (Stigomochelys) pardalis
Geochelone (Centrochelys) sulcata
Indotestudo elongata
Malacochersus tornieri
Manouria emys
Manouria impressa
Amyda cartilaginea
ChitraPelochelys
Pelodiscus sinensis

Estuarine & Siamese Crocodiles (Estuarine & Siamese Crocodiles)
False Gharial (False Gharial)
Spiny-tailed Lizards (Spiny-tailed Lizards)
Day Geckos (Day Geckos)
Tokay Gecko (Tokay Gecko)
Monitor Lizards (Monitor Lizards)
Oriental Rat Snake (Oriental Rat Snake)Cobras (Cobras)
Pythons (Pythons)Pig-nosed Turtle (Pig-nosed Turtle)
Matamata Turtle (Matamata Turtle)
Marine Turtles (Marine Turtles)
Hawksbill Turtle (Hawksbill Turtle)
Batagur (Batagur)
Black Pond Turtle (Black Pond Turtle)
Asian Box Turtles (Asian Box Turtles)
Sulawesi Forest Turtle (Sulawesi Forest Turtle)
Big-headed Turtle (Big-headed Turtle)
Malaysian Giant Turtle (Malaysian Giant Turtle)
Philippine Forest Turtle (Philippine Forest Turtle)
Red-eared Slider (Red-eared Slider)
Tortoises (Tortoises)
Radiated Tortoise (Radiated Tortoise)
Ploughshare Tortoise (Ploughshare Tortoise)
Red-footed Tortoise (Red-footed Tortoise)
Indian Star Tortoise (Indian Star Tortoise)
Burmese Star Tortoise (Burmese Star Tortoise)
Leopard Tortoise (Leopard Tortoise)
African Spurred Tortoise (African Spurred Tortoise)
Yellow-headed Tortoise (Yellow-headed Tortoise)
Pancake Tortoise (Pancake Tortoise)
Asian Brown Tortoise (Asian Brown Tortoise)
Impressed Tortoise (Impressed Tortoise)
Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Asiatic Softshell Turtle)
Narrow-headed Softshell Turtles (Narrow-headed Softshell Turtles)
Giant Softshell Turtle (Frog-faced Softshell Turtle)
Chinese Softshell Turtle (Chinese Softshell Turtle)

FISH
Scleropages formosus
Cheilinus undulatus
Hippocampus

Tomato Frog (Tomato Frog)

Asian Arowana (Asian Arowana)
Humphead Wrasse (Humphead Wrasse)
Seahorses (Seahorses)

INVERTEBRATES
Tridacnidae

Giant Clams (Giant Clams)

PLANTS
Nepenthaceae
Orchidaecae (1)Orchidaecae (2)Gonystylus spp.

Pitcher Plants (Pitcher Plants)
CITES Appendix I Orchids (CITES Appendix I Orchids)
Identification of Wild Orchids (Identification of Wild Orchids)
Ramin (Ramin)

CITES & The IUCN Red List
CITES

IUCN Red List

CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Speciesof Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between
governments (member States). It aims to ensure that international
trade in specimens of wild animals and plants (or their parts andderivatives ie. anything made from even parts of them) does notthreaten their survival.

For over 40 years the IUCN has through its Species Survival
Commission (SSC) been assessing the conservation status of species,
subspecies, varieties and even selected subpopulations on a global
scale to highlight those which are threatened with extinction.

CITES works by subjecting the international trade in specimens of
selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export andintroduction of any of the 30,000 species covered by the Convention
has to be authorised through a licencing system. Animals and plants
listed under CITES appear within one of three Appendices meaning that
their trade is tightly regulated through a standardised permit system:
Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction. Trade in theseis allowed only in exceptional circumstances.

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic,
conservation status and distribution information for animals and plantsthat have been evaluated. The assigned Catagories and Criteria aredesigned to determine the relative risk of extinction.
Species listed CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered) and VU(Vulnerable) have a higher risk of global extinction than those listed as
NT (Near Threatened) or LC (Least Concern).
More information is available at www.redlist.org

Appendix II includes species in which uncontrolled trade could threaten
their survival. These species are not necessarily threatened at thecurrent time.

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Appendix III contains species which are protected in at least one
country that has requested other member States for help in controlling
the trade.
A specimen of a CITES-listed species can only be imported into orexported (or re-exported) out of a member State if the appropriate
documents have been obtained in advance and are presented forclearance at the port of entry or exit. In some cases your national law
may be stricter and it is this which should be applied in such cases.
Further information is available at www.cites.org

There is no formal link between CITES and the IUCN Red List.
CITES: determines which procedures are followed with respect tointernational trade in listed animals and plants.
IUCN Red List: determines biological status of animals and plants.

CITES Management and Scientific Authorities
CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export and introduction of
the species covered by the Convention has to be authorised by a licensing system. Each country which is party to CITES must designate one ormore Management Authorities to be in charge of administering that licensing system and one or more Scientific Authorities who advise them on theeffects of trade on the status of the species.

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

MANAGEMENT AUTHORITYSCIENTIFIC AUTHORITYGUIDE TO VERIFICATION OF
CITES PERMITSCITES permit accompanying shipment

APPENDIX I

Export permit or re-export certificate and import permit

APPENDIX II
Export permit or re-export certificate

APPENDIX III

Export permit or certificate of origin

Adapted from Environment Canada

Appropriate permit
produced

Failure to produce
appropriate permit

DENY
ENTRY

Original copies of permit

Photocopy or counterfeit
permitDENY
ENTRY

Permit was NOT modified
after issue

Permit modified after issue

DENY
ENTRY

Permit has NOT expired

Permit has expired

DENY
ENTRY

Permit contains NO errors
or omissions

Permit contains errors oromissions

DENY
ENTRY

Permit is signed by theofficial CITES Authority

Permit is NOT signed by
the official CITES authority

DENY
ENTRY

Permit has a validated
CITES stamp*

Permit has NO CITES
stamp* or stamp* is NOT
validated

DENY
ENTRY

Content of shipment is incompliance(number and species)

Content of shipment NOT
in compliance(number and species)

DENY
ENTRY

ALLOW
ENTRY*** Where applicable (not all countries use CITES stamps)** Check to see if species is subject to any other form of control

Measurements and Glossary
Measurements
Head and Body Length

Carapace (Top Shell) Length

Tail
LengthCredit: CITES MA, Switzerland

Radiated Tortoise
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Total Length is measured
from the tip of the beak tothe end of the tail.

Total Length
ShoulderHeightLay the bird gently on its
back to measure.
CM© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Image Credit: Vincent Nijman

Glossary

Carapace

Plastron

Scute
Image Credit: Environment Canada

Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland

June 2008

Scute:

Carapace:

Plastron:

Horny or bony external
plate, scale on a crocodile
or the shell of a turtle

Top part of a turtle's shell,covering its back. Usually
covered with scutes(scales) or soft skin

Bottom part of a turtle's
shell, covering its
stomach.

Bos gaurus (now B. frontalis) - Gaur and Bos javanicus - Banteng
Gaur

Bantengα

Other Names:

Seladang (Malaysia), Pyoung (Myanmar)

Tsaine (Myanmar)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; India; Lao PDR;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam

Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar;
Thailand; Viet Nam

PhysicalCharacteristics: Height at shoulder: 165 - 220cm, Head and Body
Length: 250 - 330cm, Tail Length: 70 - 105cm,
Weight: 650 - 1,000kg

IUCN: Gaur VU; Banteng EN

Height at Shoulder: 120 - 190cm, Head and Body Length: 180 - 225cm,
Tail Length: 65 - 70cm, Weight: 400 - 900kg

Distinguishing Features:
Bos gaurus (B. frontalis) - Gaur

Traded as:

Bos javanicus - Banteng

Flattenedat the base
Concave skull
Body deep brown, black or grey.
Lower legs white.

Credit: CITES MA Switzerland

Credit: CITES MA Switzerland

International Conservation Status:
Gaur: CITES Appendix I

Horn Length: 95cm
Horn Circumference: 56cm

A

A

B
A

A

Round atthe base

Hairlessbony ridge

B
A

A
A

Body dark brown to black (male),light brown (female).
Lower legs and rump white.

B
A
B
A

Horns on sale

Yellow withblack tip

A: Banteng Horns

B: Gaur Horns

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Juvenile Male Banteng

Credit: Claire Beastall

Similar to:
Bubalus arnee - Water Buffalo

As horns and skulls, meat.

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Bos taurus - Domestic Cow

Horn Length: 87cm
Horn Circumference:

48cm

Budorcas taxicolor - Takin© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

CITES Appendix II

Flat

Horns
are black
Grooves

Horns may beribbed at the base

Flattened

Horn Length: 63.5cm,
Horn Circumference: 33cm

Horn Length: 149cm,
Horn Circumference: 58cm
Image Source: Environment Canada unless statedα

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

Banteng Horns on sale

Gaur Horns on sale

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Capricornis spp. - Serow spp.
Serow

α

Other Names:

Kambing Gurun (Malaysia), Taw sai (Myanmar)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia (Sumatra); Japan;
Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam

International Conservation Status:
All Capricornis species listed in:
CITES Appendix I,(except C. crispus - Japanese Serow andC. swinhoei - Formosan/Taiwanese Serow)
IUCN: Varies LR - VU (not all listed)PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and body length: 140 - 155cm; Shoulder Height: 85 - 94cm;
Tail length: 11 - 16cm; Horn Length: 15 - 25.5cm

Credit: Claire Beastall

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as: Most often as body parts (horns, head, forelegs etc.) for medicine
and as meat.

Serow Horn
Credit: Claire Beastall

Credit:Claire Beastall© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Obvious gland underthe each eye

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd /TSEA_
ears,_ LongShort neck, thick, stiff mane from the crown to the shoulders

Serow Horns
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA(may be brown or white in colour).
_ Coat is coarse and varies in colour: brown-greyish-black, reddish_ Underparts may be lighter

Similar to:
Naemorhedus spp. - Goral spp.
All listed in CITES Appendix I
Head and body length: 82 - 130cm;
Shoulder Height: 57 - 78.5cm;
Tail length: 7 - 20cm
Horn Length: 7.8 - 12cm

_ Smaller body and horns than Capricornis spp.
_ No
obvious gland under the eye_ Coat colour: grey to dark brown or red_ Underparts: usually lighter

Distribution: Bhutan; China; India; Myanmar; Korea; Lao PDR;
Nepal; Pakistan; Russian Federation; Thailand

Dark stripe
down middleof the backRendering Oil from
Head & Legs
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Serow Head
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

White patch

Black line
on forelegα

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Serow Skin
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

January 2008

Rendering Oil from
Head & Legs
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Pantholops hodgsonii - Tibetan Antelope
Tibetan Antelope
Other Names:αInternational Conservation
CITES Appendix I

Chiru (English), Tsod (Tibetan), Zanglingyang (Chinese)

IUCN: EN
Distribution:

China (Qinghai, Xingjiang); India (Jammu-Kashmir)

PhysicalCharacteristics: Height at the Shoulder: Up to 85cm, Weight: Up to 40kg

NOTE: You should contact local experts for further definitive identification.
Credit: Tony LynamDistinguishing Features:
Products made of Tibetan Antelope hair are known as Shahtoosh.
Shahtoosh shawls are softer, thinner and less dense than others.
Vendors may show this by passing a shawl through a ring.

SmoothRings onlyat the front

Traded as: Skins and processed into
shawls. Occasionally as horns(also used in medicine).

- Mostly off-white and brownish beige (but can be dyed any colour).
White is usually the most expensive.

- The weaver may sew his/her initials on one corner of the shawl- Often has delicate embroidery all over or just along the edge of the shawl- Shawls often edged with a short fringe- May have a fine but distinct diamond weave pattern (visible with a

Credit: WWF China

magnifying lens)Shahtoosh is made from the under fur
and does not contain very long hairs - but
may see a few short light coloured "guard
hairs" which are coarser than human hairand crimped or crinkled.

Chiru Horns (found only on males)
are very distinctive.
Image Credit: Environment Canada

Confiscated Shatoosh shawls
Credit: NRECD, Thailand© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: US
Fish & Wildlife

αCredit: US Fish & Wildlife

Similar to:- Pashmina which is made from the hair of the Cashmere Goat can look similar. Much
cheaper than shahtoosh- Can appear similar to shahtoosh: light weight, soft, with or without diamond weave pattern.
Loose woven shawls can be passed through a ring as they have less fabric in them.

- Traditionally the fringes on pashmina shawls are longer and are often twisted.
Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: US Fish & Wildlife

May 2008

Credit: US Fish & Wildlife

Decorated Chiru skulls and horns
Credit: WWF China

Saiga tatarica - Saiga Antelope
Saiga AntelopeαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: CR

Other Names:
Distribution:

Khazakhstan; Mongolia; Russian Federation; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan

Physical Characteristics: Head and Body Length: 108 - 146cm; Tail Length: 6 - 13cm; Weight: 21 - 51kg
Illustration Credit: Environment Canada

Distinguishing Features of Saiga Horns:

Traded As: Whole horns and horn shavings
Common inscription todescribe Saiga Antelope Horn on
the packaging of Traditional
Medicine products

Different from any other horn.
Only males have horns and these are:

Saiga Antelope Horn

- Solid at the baseChineseCharacter:- Semitransparent- Light waxy brown in colour- Almost round in cross-section
Credit: TRAFFIC SEA- Slightly curved

Shaved Saiga Horn
Credit: Claire Beastall- Measure up to 30cm (along the curve)

Saiga Horns on sale

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Examples of
Packaging of
Saiga Horn
Products

Up to
30cm

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Credit: Environment CanadaαCredit: Environment Canada

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org. www.iucnredlist.org
March 2008

Pinyin:Ling Yang Jiao

Multi-tined Antlers
Deer AntlersαInternational Conservation Status:

Other deer antlers are traded - these are representatives of those most often found in trade
Are only found on adult male deer
Shed and regrown at regular intervals (unlike horns which are permanent).
Length:around 92cm

Cervus nippon Sika Deer
IUCN: LC, Cervus nippon pseudaxis(from Viet Nam) listed as CR

Axis porcinus Hog Deer
IUCN: EN, Axis porcinus annamaticus(from Viet Nam) listed as CR

CITES listing varies.

Rucervus (Cervus) duvaucelli Barasingha Deer
CITES Appendix I
IUCN: EN

Traded as:
Whole antlers, antler velvet and otheringredients for tradiional medicine

Forked atthe tip
Small thirdprong atbase
pointsup

Head & Body Length: 140 - 150cm
Tail Length: 17 - 21cm
Height at shoulder: 65 - 72cm
Weight: 70 - 110kg
Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia; China;
India; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Thailand

Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Adult males often
have 5 tines

Rusa (Cervus) unicolor Sambar Deer
IUCN: VU

Circumference: 12.5 19cm

Tines point
straight up

Top prongs point
directly up

Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Length:75 - 108cm

Cervus timorensis Javan Deer
IUCN: LR

Circumference: 8.5- 24cmCircumference: 10- 17.8cm
Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Brow tine forms
continuous curve with themain branch

Head & Body Length: 150 - 170cm
Tail Length: 22 - 50cm
Height at shoulder: 120 - 130cm
Weight: 95 - 150kg
Distribution: Cambodia; India; Lao PDR;
Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

Antler Length: 85 117cm

Wide

Head & Body Length: 170 - 270cm
Tail Length: 22 - 35cm
Height at shoulder: 120 - 150cm
Weight: 150 - 300kg
Distribution: Cambodia; China;
India; Indonesia; Lao PDR;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines;
Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

2 year old males
have 1 point
3 year old males
have 2 points

Head & Body Length: 130 - 210cm
Tail Length: 10 - 30cm
Height at shoulder: 80 - 110cm
Weight: 50 - 115kg
Distribution: Indonesia
Antler Length:
38 - 108cm

Image Source: Environment Canada unless statedα

Usually 10 - 15 tines
Similar to Rucervus eldi
Antlers smoothHead & Body Length: up to 180cm
Tail Length: 12 - 20cm
Height at shoulder: 119 - 124cm
Weight: up to 81kg
Distribution: India; Nepal

Head & Body Length: 950 - 180cm
Tail Length: 75 - 150cm
Height at shoulder: 650 - 110cm
Weight: up to 80kg
Distribution: China; Japan; RussianFederation; Taiwan; Viet Nam

Tines point in at the top
Antlers roughRucervus (Cervus) eldii Eld's Deer
CITES Appendix I
IUCN: EN

Credit: Valerius Geist

Credit: Valerius Geist

3 Tines

Credit: CITES MA, Switzerland

Circumference:around 14cm

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

Angledstraight up

Antler Length:
45 - 98cm

Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Moschus spp. - Musk Deer Spp.
Musk Deer spp.
Other Names:αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I: Musk Deer from Afghanistan,

Kado gaow (Myanmar)

Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan.

CITES Appendix II: All Musk Deer from otherplaces.
Distribution:

Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; India; Korea (North & South); Lao PDR; Mongolia;
Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Russian Federation; Viet Nam

IUCN: varies from LC to EN depending on the species .

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body Length: 70 - 100cm, Shoulder Height: 50 - 61cm, Tail Length: 1.8 - 6cm.
Weight: 7 - 17kg
Credit:S. CUBITT
Credit: WWF-Canon
WWF-Canon // Gerald
Cat HOLLOWAY

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:

Musk - For Traditional Medicine - traded either as whole glands or processed (most often as oils, sprays, medicatedplasters and raw musk powder).

Musk Gland

Examples of Musk Deer Product Packaging

Credit: TRAFFIC

Credit: TRAFFIC

Credit: WWF-Canon / Grigori MAZMANYAN- No antlers.
- Rump about 5 cm higher than shoulder.
- Body covered with long thick bristly hairs, often
white at the base.

- Colour: varies, generally dark brown, mottled andCommon inscriptions used to describe musk deeron the packaging of Traditional Medicine products

speckled with light grey above and paler beneath.

- Chin, inner border of ears and inside of thighs© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

whitish, may have white spot on each side of thethroat.

α

The Musk Gland:- Found between the navel and the genitals of male Musk Deer
over three years of age.
- Those in trade are around 4 - 6cm long, 3.5 - 4.5cm wide and4 - 5cm deep
- The gland is removed from the animal and dried.
- The secretion inside becomes granular (coloured red-brown to
black) and powdery.

Upper canine teethof males as tusks
around 7.5cm long,smaller in females.

Credit: WWF-Canon / Grigori MAZMANYAN

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2008

Musk Deer

Musk

ChineseCharacter:
Pinyin:Lu SheShe Xiang

Roman:

Moschus, Cervi

Moschus

Felidae (1) - Cats
Cats
PhysicalCharacteristics:

αInternational Conservation Status:
All Cats (except the domestic cat) are listed in
CITES Appendix I or II

Head and Body length: varies 37 - 280cm
Tail Length: 5.1 - 110cm
Weight: 1.5 - 306kg

Leopard Cat Kitten
Credit: WWF-Canon / Alain COMPOSTDistinguishing Features:

Teeth:
Felidae (Cat family) Skull
Rounded and shortened
28 - 30 teeth

a)
b)

{

Skull:

c)

d)

{
a)

b)

LeopardCredit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

Head: Rounded and short
Body: Lithe, muscular, compact, deep chested
Mammae (nipples): 2 - 4
Feet: Front - 5 digits; Back - 4 digits. Pads naked.

Claws:
Suited forlaceration

Tiger (Panthera tigris) Skulla) Front Teeth (Incisors): Small and in a line
(Top: 3; Bottom: 3) x 2

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEAb) Fang (Canine): Long, sharp, slightly curved(Top: 1; Bottom: 1) x 2
Canidae (Dog family) SkullElongated
42 teeth

Tongue:Suited forlacerationc) Cutting (carnassial/pre-molar) Teeth: Large(Top: 2 - 3; Bottom: 2) x 2d) Grinding (molar) Teeth: Upper - small(Top: 1; Bottom: 1) x 2

Domestic Cat claws© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: Claire Beastallα

Viverridae (Civet family) Skull
Long and flattened
32 - 40 teeth

Tiger
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Ears: May be pointed or rounded

Image Credit: Tim Lawlor

Traded as:

Eyes: Pupils contract verticallyAsian Golden Cat

Jungle Cat

Credit: WWF-Canon /Gerald S. CUBITT

Credit: WWF-Canon /Roger HOOPERCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Ursidae (Bear family) Skull
Massive
40 - 42 teeth
Image Credit: Tim Lawlor

January 2008

Mustelidae (Otter family) Skull
Sturdy with short face
28 - 38 teeth

Skins, bones, meat, teeth, claws,
ingredients for traditional medicine
and as living animals

Felidae (2) Southeast Asian Cats listed in CITES Appendix I
Southeast Asian Cats listed in
CITES Appendix I

αInternational Conservation Status:

All other cats (except domestic cat) are listed in
CITES Appendix II
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Panthera tigris - Tiger

Panthera pardus - Leopard
Head & Body Length:
91 - 191cm,
Tail Length: 45 - 78cm
Weight: 45 - 65kg

Head & Body Length:
140 - 180cm,
Tail Length: 60 - 95cm
Weight: 180 - 245kg
Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S. CUBITT

Credit: WWF-Canon / Mike GRIFFITHS

Leopards with black coatsfound in some locations (spots visible in sunlight).
Credit: TSEA

Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA

Uncia uncia - Snow Leopard

Neofelis nebulosa - Clouded Leopard
Head & Body Length:
100 - 130cm,
Tail Length: 80 - 100cm
Weight: 30 - 55kg

Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

Head & Body Length:
61 - 106cm,
Tail Length: 55 - 91cm
Weight: 15 - 23kg

Fur is longer than other
Southeast Asian cat
species, thick on the belly.

Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S. CUBITT
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Catopuma temmincki - Asian Golden Cat

Pardofelis marmorata - Marbled Cat

Prionailurus planiceps - Flat-headed Cat- Red-orange or yellowish
with black spots overupperparts including tail.
Underparts white withblack spots.

- Coat colour variable(golden-brown to lightbrown to greyish to black).

- Similar to, but much

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

- Usually darker along

αsmaller than Prionailurus
viverrinus - Fishing Cat(Head and body length:
72 - 78cm).

spine and paler
underneath.

Note: Some animals
from Myanmar may haveextensive dark spots andstripes. Face and tailsame as more common
form.

- Tail dark above, pale
below, often with dark tip.
Head & Body Length:
76 - 84cm,
Tail Length: 43 - 50cm
Weight: 12 - 15kg

Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S. CUBITT

Prionailurus bengalensis - Leopard Cat- Relatively plain coat.

Credit: WWF-Canon / Gerald S CUBITT

Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

Credit: Claire Beastall
Credit: WWF-Malalysia / Ken SCRIVEN- Fur very thick.
- Similar to Neofelis
nebulosa but smaller,
more black spots on legs.

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org- Small ears, top of head

Credit: WWF-Malaysia / E.P. Geelong and flattened.
Head & Body Length:
45 - 53cm,
Tail Length: 47 - 55cm
Weight: 2 - 4kg- Coat appears deep red.

Head & Body Length:
Hair of upperparts brown
44 - 50cm,
with fine grey and pale buff Tail Length: 13 - 17cm
speckles.
Weight: 1.5 - 2.2kg

January 2008

Head & Body Length:
40 - 55cm,
Tail Length: 23 - 29cm
Weight: 3 - 5kg

NOTE: Only populations
in Bangladesh; India andThailand are CITES I.
All other populations are
CITES II.

Felidae (3) (Cats) - Parts and Derivatives commonly found in Trade
Felidae (Cats) - Parts and Derivatives
commonly found in TradeαInternational Conservation Status:
All Cats (except the domestic cat) are listed on
CITES Appendix I or II

Traded as: Bones, meat, teeth, claws, ingredients for traditional medicine.
(For details on skin identification see CITES I Southeast AsianCat Species).
Leopard Cat Kitten
Credit: WWF-Canon / Alain COMPOST

Bones:

Teeth:REAL TIGER
TOOTH

As whole bones...

Has 1 or more
Grooves

Claws:
FAKE TIGER
TOOTH

Almost semi-circular

May be translucent

Pale yellow/amber in colour

Pronounced structure on thebony end (planar process)Crown(section of
tooth visible
in the mouth)
Credit: USFWS Photo

Tiger (Panthera tigris) Skull

Confiscated Tiger Bone

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA...or as an ingredient in Traditional Medicine.
Common inscriptions used todescribe Tiger Bone andLeopard Bone on the packagingof Traditional Medicine products
ChineseCharacter:

Examples of Tiger Bone
Product Packaging

Pronounced structure on thebony end (planar process)Fangs(Canine teeth)
tend to crack
when dryRoot(section of
tooth hiddenin the gum)

Penis:A Tiger Penis is definitely a fake if it ...
1. Has very obvious barbs or spines covering the tip
2. Has a large penis bone visible on X-ray
3. Is more than 20cm long

Credit: TRAFFIC

Pinyin:Tiger tooth - Real and Fake

Penis from freshly
killed Leopard

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Tiger Penis

α

Tiger
Bone

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: C. Beastall

Hu Gu

Barbs are hardly
visible on genuine
tiger penis
Fake Tiger Penis
Credit: Leong/TSEA

LeopardBone

Bao GuTeeth may be carved
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

The skin is real, the teeth are
fake. The original teeth were
probably sold separately
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2008

Southeast Asian OttersαSoutheast Asian Otters
Other Names:

Memerang (Malaysia)

International Conservation Status:
All Lutrinae spp. are listed in CITES Appendix II,
except for Lutra lutra which is listed in CITES Appendix I

PhysicalCharacteristics: Brown with paler throat, dense fur, long slim body, webbed
feet, long muscular tailSoutheast Asian Otters - Head and Body length: 36 - 80cm,
Tail Length: 22.5 - 48cm
Lutra perspicillata (Smooth Otter)
Credit: Claire Beastall

Distinguishing Features:

Aonyx cinerea
Asian Small-clawed Otter

Lutra sumatrana
Hairy-nosed Otter

CITES Appendix II
IUCN: VUCITES Appendix II
IUCN: EN

Head and body length: 36 - 55cm,
Tail length: 25 - 35cm

Head and body length: 50 - 80cm
Tail length: 37 - 50cm

- Small- Dark brown to greyish-brown- Throat and side of neck pale
- Claws very small, do notextend beyond the toe pads

- Upperparts including side of neckdark brown- Irregular patches on chin and throat- Tail round in cross section- Tip of nose covered in hair

Traded as:
Skins, live for the pet trade

Otter skins - right: Lutra sumatrana (Hairy-nosed
Otter), left: Lutra perspicillata (Smooth Otter)
Credit: Annette Olsson/CI Cambodia

Credit: Gerald S CUTBITT/WWF-Canon

Distribution: Asia - in Southeast Asia: Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia;
Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam

Similar to:Distribution: Cambodia; Malaysia; Thailand; Viet Nam

Cynogale benettii - Otter Civet
Credit: Annette Olsson/CI Cambodia

Lutra lutra
Eurasian Otter

Lutra perspicillata
Smooth-coated Otter

CITES Appendix II
IUCN: NTCITES Appendix II
IUCN: VU

Head and body length: 55 - 72cm

Head and body length: 65 - 75cm
Tail length: 40 - 45cm

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Tail length: 37.5 - 48cm

α

- “W”-shaped edge between fur
on face and bare nose
- Short fur with long paler hairs
giving greyish effect- Tip of tail round in cross section

Credit: Sanchex & Lopez/WWF-Canon
Distribution: Europe and Asia.
In Southeast Asia: Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org- Fur smooth and shiny- Throat and side of neck pale
- Straight edge between fur onface and bare nose
- Tail slightly flattened in crosssection.

CITES Appendix II
IUCN: EN

- Entirely darkbrown
- Short tail- Faint pale spot
above each eye- White lips, very
long white
whiskers

Credit: WWF_PHKA_VATech

Head and body length: 57.5 - 68cm,
Tail length: 12 - 20.5cm
Credit: Claire Beastall

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Thailand. Uncertain presence inDistribution: Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India;
Indonesia; Iraq; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Thailand; Viet Nam China; Singapore; Viet Nam

May 2009

Helarctos malayanus - Sun Bear
Sun Bear:αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Other Names:

Malay weh wan (Myanmar)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia(Sumatra and Kalimantan); Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand;

IUCN: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body Length: 100 - 140cm, Tail Length: 3 - 7cm
Credit: Gabriella Fredriksson

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals, stuffed animals, meat, claws, paws, teeth, skin,gall bladder, bile.

3 - 5.3cm.

Front Paw*

Asiatic
Black
Bear

Front Claw*

Sun
Bear

2.4 - 3.2cm

Chest Marking*Similar to:

Hind Paw*

Hind Claw*

Sun Bear Paws

Sun Bear Paw

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Klote

Common inscriptions used
to describe bear bile

Asiatic Black Bear - Ursus thibetanus

CITES Appendix I

Bear Paws and other parts being rendered for oil

ChineseCharacter:

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

3 - 4.5cm© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Sun Bear Gall Bladder

Pinyin:Xiong Dan

Credit: Mei Hsiu Hwang

Front Paw*

Front Claw*

1.8 - 3.6cm

Head and Body Length: 120 - 150cm
Tail Length: 6 - 10cm

Sun Bear Claws
Chest Marking*

Hind Paw*

Hind Claw*

Credit: Mei Hsiu Hwang* Image Source: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2008

Stuffed Sun Bear
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Ursus thibetanus - Asiatic Black Bear
Asiatic Black Bear:αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Other Names:

Weh wan gyi (Myanmar)

Distribution:

Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; China; India; Iran; Japan; Korea;
Lao PDR; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Russian Federation; Taiwan; Thailand;
Viet Nam

IUCN: VU (CR for subspecies found in Iran and Pakistan)

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body Length: 120 - 150cm, Tail Length: 6 - 10cm
Credit: Claire Beastall

Distinguishing Features:Live animals, meat, claws, paws, teeth, skin, gall bladder, bile.

Traded as:

3 - 4.5cm

Front Paw*

Asiatic
Black
Bear
Paw

Front Claw*

Sun
Bear
Paw

1.8 - 3.6cm

Chest Marking*Similar to:

Hind Paw*

Hind Claw*

Bear Paws and other parts being rendered for oil
Helarctos malayanus - Sun Bear

Bear Paws and Gall Bladders

CITES APPENDIX I

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

3 - 5.3cm© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Common inscriptions used
to describe bear bile
Front Paw*

Front Claw*

ChineseCharacter:
Pinyin:2.4 - 3.2cm

Head and Body Length: 100 - 140cm,
Tail Length: 3 - 7cm

Chest Marking*

Hind Paw*

Hind Claw*

Bear Gall Bladder

Removal of Gall Bladder from Bear Cub

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA* Image Source: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Xiong Dan

January 2008

Hemigalus derbyanus - Banded Palm Civet &Chrotogale owstoni - Owston’s Civet
Banded Palm Civet

Owston’s Civet

Other Names:

Musang belang (Malaysia)

Other Names:Cầy vằn (Viet Nam)Distribution:

Brunei Darussalam (?); Indonesia (Kalimantan,
Sumatra); Malaysia, Myanmar; Thailand

Distribution:

Cambodia (?); China; Lao PDR;
Viet Nam

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body length: 51 - 63cm,
Tail length: 38 - 48cm

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body length: 45 - 56cm,
Tail length: 25 - 36cm

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:

Hemigalus derbyanus - Banded Palm Civet

Chrotogale owstoni - Owston’s Palm Civet

CITES Appendix II

Not CITES listed

IUCN: VUIUCN: VU

- Body colour usually pale buff to golden-brown, paler underneath- Body colour varies from greyish-white to buffy-brown, paler underneath- Distinct dark brown or black bars across back,- Broad black bands across back

- Dark longitudinal stripes on neck and face.

- Stripes on neck and face

- Tail mostly dark brown, banded only at base.

- Pattern varies between individuals

Live and for fur trade andstuffed as souvenirs- Base of tail banded, dark at end© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Dark spots on sides ofneck and legs.

αCredit: Barney Long/FFI Vietnam

Credit: Chan Ah Lak

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Scott Roberton

May 2009

Prionodon pardicolor - Spotted Linsang &Prionodon linsang - Banded Linsang
Spotted Linsang

Banded Linsang

Other Names:Cầy gấm (Viet Nam)

Other Names:

Linsang (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Cambodia; China; India; Lao PDR; Myanmar;
Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam

Distribution:

Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia;
Myanmar; Thailand

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body length: 35 - 37cm,
Tail length: 31 - 34cm

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body length: 35 - 45cm,
Tail length: 30 - 42cm

Traded as:
For fur trade and stuffed
as souvenirs

Distinguishing Features:
Prionodon pardicolor - Spotted Linsang

Prionodon linsang - Banded Linsang

CITES Appendix I

CITES Appendix II

IUCN: LCIUCN: LC- Whitish to light brown to orange buff

- Whitish to golden or buff in colour- Many irregular black spots on back and sides of body- Pattern of dark large brown spots which merge into about 5 dark transverse bands on upper parts andlongitudinal bands on sides of neck

- Dark lines on the side of the neck- 7 black and pale bands around the tail- Spots tend to remain separate

Large spots which merge
into 5 dark bands© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

8 or 9 complete
dark bands
around the tailα

7 complete dark bands
around the tailSpots on backand sides of body

Credit: Barney Long/WWF

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org and www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Sergio Baffoni

May 2009

Arctictis binturong - Binturong
BinturongInternational Conservation
Status: αListed in CITES Appendix III
by India

Other Names:

Bear Cat (English)

Distribution

Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia;
Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam

IUCN: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body length: 65 - 95cm, Tail Length: 50 - 80cm
Weight: 6 - 9kg
Credit: David Lawson/WWF-Canon

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:
As skins and live as young animals
for the pet trade- Long coarse black fur with some white or red hairs© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

- Lighter fur found mostly on head, making head lighter than the bodyαCredit: Claire Beastall

Credit: Claire Beastall

Tail prehensile(able to grasp
objects)
Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Long tail with thickhair, especiallynear the baseCredit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Ears round, edged inwhite with long tuftsof hair at ends

May 2009

Rhinocerotidae spp. - Rhinoceros spp.
aRhinocerotidae
Other Names:

Badak (Malaysia)
Three species are found In Asia:
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis - Sumatran Rhinoceros: Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra);
Malaysia; Thailand
Rhinoceros sondaicus - Javan Rhinoceros: Indonesia (Java); Malaysia (extinct?); Viet Nam
Rhinoceros unicornis - Indian/One-horned Rhinoceros: Bhutan; India; Nepal
Two species are found in Africa:
Diceros bicornis - Black Rhinoceros and Ceratotherium simum - White Rhinoceros

PhysicalCharacteristics:

International Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I
Populations of Ceratotherium simum simumfrom South Africa and Swaziland are listed
in Appendix II
IUCN: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Rhinoceros
sondaicus, Diceros bicornis: CR, Rhinoceros
unicornis: VU, Ceratotherium simum: NT(Northern populations of C. simum: CR)
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
Credit: Claire Beastall

Shoulder Height: 100 - 180cm, Weight: 0.6 - 2.7 tonnes

Distinguishing Features: As whole animal, cannot be mistaken foranything else

Traded as: Horns, skins and trophies
NOTE: Traders often prefer the horn to have some skin attached as proof
that is real.

Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Sumatran Rhinoceros
Shoulder Height: 100 - 150cm
Weight: 0.6 - 0.95 tonnes
Two Horns: Front horn 25 - 79cm,
second horn usually under 10cm

Rhinoceros sondaicus Javan Rhinoceros

Rhinoceros horn is made of keratin (same as hair and fingernails).
Rhinoceros skin may be up to 5cm thick.
Common inscriptions used to describe rhinoceros horn on the
packaging of Traditional Medicine products

Confiscated Rhinoceros Horn
Credit: WWF-Canon / Mark ATKINSON

Rhinoceros HornChineseCharacter:

Shoulder Height: 150 - 170cm
Weight: 0.9 - 2.3 tonnes© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Single Horn: 25cm in males,
females have smaller or no horn.

Rhinoceros unicornis Indian/One-horned Rhinoceros
Shoulder Height: 175 - 200cm
Weight: 1.8 - 2.7 tonnes
Single Horn: 20 - 61cm

Ceratotherium simum footCredit: Environment Canada

Ceratotherium simum simum horns.
Note the look of the worn areas of the horn
Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

Image Source: Environment CanadaaCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2008

Rhinoceros Horn is used in the manufacture of
dagger handles in the Yemen
Credit: WWF-Canon / Esmond Bradley MARTIN

Manis spp. - Pangolin spp.
PangolinαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II : Zero Quota:

Other Names:

Thing kway jut (Myanmar) Te Te (VN)

Distribution:

Africa and Asia

International Trade in wild caught Asian
Pangolins for commercial purposes is
NOT permitted

IUCN: Varies up to EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head & Body Length: 425 - 550mm, Tail Length: 160 - 470mm, Weight: 5-7kg
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Prehensile tail

Traded as:

Usually transported as live animals, also seen as frozen wholeanimals, scales, leather, foetus, meat and medicine

No teeth

Conical shaped
head

Credit: WWF-Malayaia / Stephen Hogg

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

No other group of animals
Similar to:
There are 8 species of Pangolins: 4 are found in Africa, 1 is found in South Asia.
There are 3 species native to Southeast Asia.
NOTE: Distinguishing between Manis javanica and Manis culionensis is difficult.
© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Manis pentadacyla (Chinese Pangolin)α- Claws of hind feet less than twice as longas those on fore feet

- 20 or fewer scales along tail edge
Distribution: Cambodia; China; Hong Kong;
India; Lao PDR; Myanmar; Nepal; Taiwan;
Thailand; Viet Nam

Pangolin Seizure

Removing Scales from Skin

Credit: Royal Thai Police

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Common inscriptions used todescribe pangolin

Manis javanica (Malayan Pangolin) andManis culionensis* (Palawan/Philippine Pangolin)- Claws of hind feet more than twice as longas those on fore feet

Pangolin Scales

ChineseCharacter:
Pinyin:Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA

Chuan Shan Jia- More than 20 scales along tail edge
Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia;
Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam*Distribution: Palawan and Culion Islands, Philippines

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2008

Pangolin Foetuses

Pangolin Leather Bag

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: James Compton/TSEA

Primates - Apes and Monkeys
PrimatesαInternational Conservation Status:
All are at least CITES Appendix II.
See below for Southeast Asian Primates listed in CITES Appendix I

Distinguishing Features:

All primates have:- Forward facing eyes

CITES I listed Southeast Asian Primates:- Short snout, flat face

Nycticebus spp. (All Loris species)
IUCN: Varies up to EN
Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China;
India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines;
Thailand; Viet Nam- Nails instead of claws- Four limbs

Traded as: Live animals, meat, skulls, parts for
medicine

Presbytis potenziani (Mentawai Leaf Monkey)
IUCN: EN
Distribution: Indonesia (Mentawai Islands)
Simias concolor (Pig-tailed Langur)
IUCN: CR
Distribution: Indonesia (Mentawai Islands)

Nycticebus coucang(Sunda Slow Loris)

Trachypithecus cristatus(Silvered Langur)

Credit: Claire Beastall

Credit: Claire Beastall

Macaca nemestrina(Southern Pig-tailed
Macaque)

Nasalis larvatus (Proboscis Monkey)
IUCN: EN
Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia (Kalimantan),
Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak)

Siamang at Market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Nasalis larvatus(Proboscis Monkey)
Credit: WWF - Canon / Alain COMPOST

Credit: WWF Malaysia / Chew Yen Fook

Rhinopithecus spp. (All Snub-nosed Monkeys)
IUCN: Varies up to CRDistribution: China; Viet Nam© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Gibbons and orangutans
do not have a tailαNomascus gabriellae(Buff-cheeked Gibbon)

Pongo abelii young animal(Sumatran Orangutan)

Credit: Claire Beastall

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Pygathrix spp. (All Douc Langurs)
IUCN: Varies up to CRDistribution: Cambodia; Lao PDR, Viet Nam

Orangutan at Theme Park
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Hylobatidae spp. (All Gibbons and Siamang)
IUCN: Varies up to CRDistribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China;
India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam
Hominidae spp. (All Great Apes) - Includes Orangutan
Pongo spp. (Sumatran and Bornean Orangutans)
IUCN: Varies up to CRDistribution: Indonesia (Sumatra and Kalimantan);
Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak).

Pygathrix nemaeus(Red-shanked Douc Langur)
Credit: WWF - Canon / Martin HARVEY

Monkey Skull on sale
Credit: Claire Beastall

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

June 2008

Nycticebus spp. - Loris spp.
Loris

α

International Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Other Names:

Kongkang (Malaysia), Culi (Viet Nam)Distribution:

Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam

IUCN: Varies up to EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body Length: 21 - 38cm, Tail Length: up to 2.5cm
Distinguishing Features:

Credit: WWFM / M. Kavanagh

Traded as: Live animals, skinned or prepared for food or traditional medicine.
Large eyes

Dark rings around the eyes
Wet nose
Small ears
Five toes on each footShort or no visible tailCredit: Claire Beastall

Credit: WWFM / MPS

Loris prepared for Traditional Medicine

Loris in Market

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Similar to:
Tarsius spp.
Tarsier

Very large eyes

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

CITES Appendix II

Very large ears

Head and Body Length: 9.5 - 15cm,
Tail Length: up to 20 - 24cm

Five toes on each footDistribution: Brunei Darussalam;Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippinesα

Loris in Market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Tail much longer than body..
Credit: WWF-Canon / Jurgen FREUND

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Loris Skins

Loris prepared for Traditional Medicine

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

January 2008

Macaca fascicularis - Long-tailed MacaqueLong-tailed MacaqueαInternational Conservation
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Kera (Malaysia), Mieo tangar (Myanmar)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Hong Kong; India; Indonesia;
Lao PDR; Malaysia; Mauritius; Myanmar; Palau; Philippines, Singapore;

IUCN: LC

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body Length: 38 - 65cm, Tail Length: 40 - 55cm,
Adult Weight: Male: 4.7 - 8.3kg, Female: 2.5 - 5.7kg

Credit: WWFM / Chew Yen Fook

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals, also as meat
Adults andjuveniles may betransported inbaskets

Hair on crown of head grows backwards(often resulting in crest)
Pinkish face

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEALong tailMales: Cheek whiskers, moustache
Females: Beard
Infants: Born black
Coat: varies from grey to reddish-brown- underparts lighter
Infant Long-tailed Macaques
Similar to:

Within Southeast Asia - other brown macaques© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Macaca arctoides - Stump-tailed MacaqueαCredit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: WWFM / Gerald Cubitt

Credit: WWFM / Stephen Hogg

Macaca mulatta - Rhesus Macaque

Macaca assamensis - Assamese MacaqueTail Length: 1.4 - 6.9cm

Tail Length: 20 - 29cm

Tail Length:19 - 30cm

Tail Length: 13 - 24.5cm

Tail: almost hairless

Coat varies from yellowish
to darkish brown.

Coat brown.

Tail: often held curved,
thinly furred or naked

Face: hairless and light red
in adults

Face light red, rump red

Coat: brown above,
white beneath.

Face: hairless and mottled
deep red and black

Adult Weight:
Male: 5.6 - 10.9kg,
Female: 4.4 - 10.9kg

Infants: born white
Hindquarters: greyish
Adult Weight:
Male: 4.7 - 8.3kg,
Female: 2.5 - 5.7kg
Credit: Tilo Nadler

Macaca nemestrina* and Macaca leonina
Southern* and Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques

Credit: Tilo Nadler

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Adult Weight:
Male: 7.9 - 15kg,
Female: 4.9 - 8.6kg

Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

March 2008

Head: dark brown

Credit*: WWFM / Stephen Hogg

Adult Weight:
Male: 6.2 - 14.5kg,
Female: 4.7 - 10.9kg

Elephas maximus & Loxodonta africana - Elephant
Elephant
Other Names:αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I
Loxodonta africana populations of Botswana, Namibia,
South Africa and Zimbabwe CITES Appendix II**

Gajah (MY), Voi (VN)

Distribution:
Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR;
Asian Elephant(Elephas maximus): Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

IUCN: Elephas maximus - EN
Loxodonta africana - NT

African ElephantAngola; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad;(Loxodonta africana): Congo; Democratic Republic of Congo; Cote d'Ivoire; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia;
Gabon; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea Bissau; Kenya; Liberia; Malawi; Mali; Mozambique;
Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South Africa; Sudan;
Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zimbabwe
PhysicalCharacteristics: Height to shoulder: Up to 4 metres, Weight: Up to 10 tonnes
Similar to:

No other animal as a living specimen

As Tusk or Carved:
Natural Substitutes:

Artificial Substitutes:

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Traded as:Live animals (for the trekking and tourist industry), tusks orworked ivory, teeth, skull and other bones, hair, skin, trophies

Mammoth Tusk (extinct 10,000 years ago), Narwal Tusk, Walrus Tusk or Tooth,
Whale Tooth, Wart Hog Tusk, Hippopotamus Tooth, Bone, Helmeted Hornbill
Casque, Tagua Palm Nuts
Resin, Casein

Distinguishing Elephant Ivory from substitutes:
Under ultra violet light: - Mammoth and elephant ivory looks white/blue fluorescent- Mammoth ivory may show brown or blue-green blemishes- Elephant ivory does not

Elephant Hair andElephant Hair rings

Elephant Teeth
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Elephant Skin
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Schreger Lines:
Whole Elephant
Tusk

Natural lines found only on polished cross section of natural elephant or mammoth ivory.

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Use those on the edge of the tusk to distinguish between elephant and mammoth ivory.

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

1. Use a photocopy machine to get animage of the ivory.
2. Put a transparent sheet between theobject and the glass and enlarging theimage to make it clearer.

Carved ElephantTusk
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Average Schreger line
angle: over 100 degrees

3. Mark selected angles on thephotocopy and extend them so thatyou can measure them.
4. Measure a few of these angles andwork out the average of these.

Average Schreger line angle:
under 100 degrees

Elephant Ivory

Mammoth Ivory

Chopsticks made fromElephant Ivory

Carved souvenirs madefrom Elephant Ivory

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Schreger Line Photo Credits: US Fish & Wildlife
αCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org**Strict conditions apply, check CITES Appendices www.cites.org

May 2008

Dendrocygna javanica - Lesser Whistling Duck andDendrocygna arcuata - Wandering Whistling Duck
Lesser Whistling Duck
Wandering Whistling Duck International Conservation
Other Names:

Status:Itek Belibis, Belibis Kembang (Malaysia)

αOther Names:

Not listed in CITESDistribution:

Distribution:

Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia;
Japan; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan;
Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 38 - 41cm

Australia; Indonesia; New Britain; Papua New
Guinea; Philippines; Singapore

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 40 - 45cm

Distinguishing Features:

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals

Dendrocygna arcuata Wandering Whistling Duck

Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling Duck

Brown headwith dark cap

Yellow
eye-ring

Blackish-brown cap
extents to above the eye

Plain
brown
neck

Blackish line down theback of the neck
Speckled
lower neck

Dendrocygna javanica
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Large black
and whitemarkings© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Rich reddish-brownα

IUCN: Dendrocygna javanica: LC
Dendrocygna arcuata: LC

Brownish
redunderparts

Upper tailreddish- Upper tail buff in colour

Credit: Choy Wai Mun

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Lynn and Brad Weinert

May 2009

Leptoptilos spp. - Adjutant Storks
Greater Adjutant Stork
Other Names:

Lesser Adjutant Stork

Già đẫy lớn (Viet Nam)

Other Names:

Botak Kecil (Malaysia), Già đẫy giava (Viet Nam)

International ConservationαStatus:
Not listed in CITESDistribution:

Distribution:

Cambodia; India
Vagrant: Bangladesh; Nepal, Thailand; Viet Nam
Possibly extinct: Lao PDR, Myanmar

Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia;
Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia, Myanmar;
Nepal; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

IUCN: Leptoptilos dubius: EN
Leptoptilos javanicus: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 122.5 - 129cm

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 145 - 150cm

Distinguishing Features:

Distinguishing Features:

Leptoptilos dubius Greater Adjutant Stork

Leptoptilos javanicus Lesser Adjutant Stork

Pinkish headand neck

Very large deep
based beakTraded as:Live animals

Bluish grey
Broad dull coloured beakGlossy black back

Leptoptilos javanica
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Drooping pouch on
lower neckα

- Very large- White feathers around edge of neckNo grey feathers

Grey feathers- Large- No white feathers aroundedge of neck
- White underparts

Credit: Claire Beastall

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Claire Beastall

May 2009

Bucerotidformes - Hornbills
Hornbills

αInternational Conservation Status:
4 species of Southeast Asian Hornbills are listed in
CITES Appendix I; all other Southeast Asian Hornbills
are listed in CITES Appendix II

Other Names:
Africa and Asia

Distribution:

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 320cm

Rhycticeros undulatus(Wreathed Hornbill)
Credit: Claire Beastall(Marking on pouch often
partly concealed)
Distinguishing Features:

4 species of Southeast Asian Hornbills listed in
CITES Appendix I
Rhinoplax vigil
Buceros bicornis(Helmeted Hornbill)
IUCN: NT
(Great Hornbill)
IUCN: NTHard growth(casque) on
top of the bill

Curvedbill
Anthracoceros albirostris(Oriental Pied Hornbill)
Credit: Claire Beastall

Red casquewith yellow at
front edge
Adult female - palegreenish skin onhead and neck andTwo very long a shorter tailcentre tailfeathers
Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand

Rhycticeros (Aceros)
subruficollis(Plain-pouched Hornbill)

Anthacroceros albirostris(Oriental Pied Hornbill)
Distribution: Bhutan; Cambodia; India; Indonesia;
Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar;
Nepal; Thailand; Viet Nam© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008
αToucans - All from South America

IUCN: VU

Ramphastos toco (Toco toucan) CITES Appendix I

Naked redthroatHas no marking
on the pouch.
Adult female - black headand neck, pouch blue
Juvenile - reddish head andneck, pouch yellow

No growth (casque)on top of the bill

Distribution: Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand

Credit: WWF-Canon / Michel GUNTHER

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

Heavyyellow bill

White edge to tailand wings

Black body
Tail all white

Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Aceros nipalensis(Rufous-necked Hornbill)

IUCN: VU

SimilarTraded as:
Casques and live birds for the pet trade

Adult female mainly
black, juvenile redhead and neck
Distribution: Bhutan; China; India; Lao PDR;
Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

July 2008

Buceros bicornis (Great Hornbill) Buceros bicornis (Great Hornbill)casquecasques for sale
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TRAFFIC SEACopsychus malabaricus - White-rumped ShamaWhite-rumped ShamaαInternational Conservation Status:
Not CITES listed

Other Names:

Murai Batu, Murai Hutan (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; Butan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India;
Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Singapore; Sri
Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam (introduced into Hawaii, USA)

IUCN: LC

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 25cm
Credit: John SteedDistinguishing Features:White cap seen
in birds from
Sabah, Malaysia- White rump
- Male: Glossy black with chestnut belly

NOTE: Females do not sing andso are very rarely seen in trade- Female: Grey with chestnut belly

White rumpFemale White-rumped Shama
Credit: Suppalak Klabdee

White feathers under
the tail, these may bevisible at the edge fromabove
Male White-rumped Shama

Male White-rumped Shama (Sabah, Malaysia)

Credit: Lee Kip Yang

Credit: Suppalak Klabdee

Similar to:
Copsychus saularis
Magpie Robin© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

IUCN: LC; Not CITES listedαTraded as:Live animals for songbird trade.

Glossy black

Trichixos pyrropyga
Rufous-tailed Shama

Copsychus luzoniensis
White-browed Shama

IUCN: NT;
Not CITES listed

IUCN: LC; Not CITES listed
White
brow

Rarely found in trade

Belly and under tail white
White wing stripe
Length: up to 21.6cm
Credit: John SteedDistribution: Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei
Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia;
Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan;Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

No whiterump
Length: up to 18cm

Length: up to 21 - 22.5cm
Distribution: Brunei
Darussalam; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Thailand

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Distribution: Philippines

Credit: Lim Kim Chye

Credit: Wouter Thijs

May 2009

Smuggler arrested in US with live songbirds, including
Copsychus malbaricus.
Credit: US Fish & Wildlife ServiceFalconiformes - Birds of Prey
Birds of Preyα

Includes Hawks, Eagles, Vultures, Falcons, Kites etc.

Aquila heliaca - Eastern Imperial Eagle
Haliaeetus albicilla - White-tailed Eagle
Pithecophaga jefferyi - Philippine Eagle
Falco jugger - Laggar Falcon
Falco peregrinus - Peregrine Falcon

Other Names:
Distribution:

International Conservation Status:
All are CITES Appendix II* except for 15 species listed in
CITES Appendix I - 5 of these are found in Southeast Asia:

Worldwide* New World Vultures: 1 species listed in Appendix III, 4 species not listed

PhysicalCharacteristics: Height: 14 - 118cm; Wing span: 26 - 300cm, Weight: 35g - 14kg

IUCN: Varies - up to CR
Falco pereginus - Peregrine Falcon
Credit: WWF-Canon / John S. MITCHELL

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals, body parts for traditional medicine/magic- Upright posture- Sharp claws (talons)- Hooked Beak
- Tend to be dull in colour
NOTE:
Identifying
chicks to
species isvery difficult.

Hooked bill

Elanus caeruleus - Black-winged Kite
for sale in a market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Aviceda leuphotes (BlackBaza) for sale in a market© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

αSharp claws(talons)

Bird of Prey for sale in a market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Spizaetus bartelsi - Javan Hawk Eagle (juvenile)
Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

April 2008

Pycnonotus zeylanicus - Straw-headed Bulbul
Straw-headed Bulbul

αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Cangkurawa (Indonesia), Barau-barau (Sabah, Malaysia)

Distribution:

Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Thailand

IUCN: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Height: 30cm - this is the largest of the Bulbuls

Credit: Mervin Quah

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animal for the bird song and pet trade

Straw-yellow
coloured head

Black eye stripe

Black moustache© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

White throat

Credit: Mervin Quah

Similar to:

Other Bulbuls
This is the largest of the Bulbuls
No other Bulbul has a straw-yellow head
Straw-headed Bulbul in a Market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

αCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org,
www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Garrulax bicolor - Sumatran Laughingthrush
Sumatran Laughingthrush
Other Names:
Distribution:

Poksai, Poksai Sumatera, Poksai Lokal (Indonesia);
Black and white Laughingthrush (English)aInternational Conservation Status:
Not CITES- listed

IUCN: VU

Sumatra, Indonesia

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 30cm.
Photo credit: Andrew Owen

Similar To:

Distinguishing Features:- Head white, slightly raised crest

White-crested Laughingthrush(Garrulax leucolophus)
CITES: Not listed
IUCN: Least Concern- Body colour blackish

Triangle-shaped
black forehead

Traded As: Live animals for the pet trade.

White crest

Thick black eye
mask

Downturned blackeye-stripe ends ina point

Garrulax bicolor for sale in abird market
Photo credit: Chris R. Shepherd/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2010

Chestnut coloured
back and wingsaPhoto credit: Liv Caillabet

PhysicalCharacteristics:
Distribution:
Photo credit: Andrew Owen

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

Length: 26 - 31cm.
Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; China; India;
Indonesia, Lao PDR; Myanmar; Nepal; Thailand;
Viet Nam

November 2010

Garrulax bicolor for sale in a bird market
Photo credit: Chris R. Shepherd/TSEA

Gracula religiosa - Hill MynahαHill Mynah

International Conservation Status:
CITES: Appendix II

Other Names:

Tiong Emas (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia,
Myanmar; Nepal; Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

IUCN: LC

PhysicalCharacteristics: Height: 30cm, Weight: 400g
Credit: WWF-Malaysia / Oon Swee HockDistinguishing Features:

Traded as: Live animals for the Pet trade.

Glossy black
iridescentplumageBand ofwhite oneach wing

Yellow legs
and feet

Credit: WWF-Malaysia/Azwad MN

Orange billfading toyellow at
the tip
Brightyellow
wattles

Illustration: Chew Ming Yee

Hill Mynah in Market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Similar to:

Acridotheres tristis
Common Mynah© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Mino dumonti
Yellow-faced Mynah

Yellow face patcharound the eyes
- has no wattles

Yellow face patcharound the eyes
- has no wattles
Chest brown
Credit: Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK

White tip to tailHill Mynahs in a Market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Yen Loong Leanα

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Psittaciformes spp. - Parrots
ParrotsαInternational Conservation Status:
All Parrots either CITES Appendix I or Appendix II
EXCEPT FOR the following FOUR species which are
not protected:

Other Names:
Distribution:

Africa; South and Central Americas; Asia; Oceania

Agapornis roseicollis - Peach-faced Lovebird
Melopsittacus undulatus - Budgerigar
Nymphicus hollandicus - CockatielPsittacula krameri - Ring-necked Parakeet

Distinguishing Features of Parrots: Height: from 8cm up to 100cm
Whilst most are mainly green in colour,some are white or even red and blue
Head: Large
Upper Beak:
Wide curve,
sharp point

Neck: Short
Beak: Broad at
the base

Lower Beak:
Chisel-shaped
cutting edge

Legs: Short
Feet: Two toes
point backward

Female Eclectus Parrot
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Two toespoint forward

Traded as:Parrots NOT listed in CITES:(1)

Live animals and live eggs (carried on the person) for the pet trade.
(1)

(2)

Agapornis roseicollis
Peach-faced Lovebird

Melopsittacus undulatus
Budgerigar(1)

Nymphicus hollandicus
Cockatiel(3)(2)
Psittacula krameri
Ring-necked Parakeet

(3)

(1)

(4)

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Distribution: Southwest Africa
Length: 16cm

(3)

Natural colouration:- Red band above beak (1)- Beak pale in colour (2)- Peach coloured cheeks (3)- Green back of neck (4)- Blue rump (5)NOTE: Many colour variations in
captive bred birds - back may bewhite, yellow or blue.
Very similar parrot species areprotected - seek advice if unsure.

Distribution: Australia
Length: 18cm

Distribution: Australia
Length: 29 - 33cm

(3)
Usual Colouration:- Plain forehead (1)- Plain breast (2)- Bars on wings and back of head (3)Distinctive:- Small size
- Pointed wings & tailColouration:- Upward curving crest (1)- Yellow face (2),- Orange patch (3)- White wing flash (4)Distinctive:- Pointed wings & tail

(5)

(2)

NOTE: Colour variations do
NOTE: Common colour
occur in captive bred birds
variations in captive bredbirds - blue, green or white.

* Image Source: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Distribution: Africa, Asia
Length: 40cm
(4)

Natural colouration:- Pale grass-green body (1)- Green head (2)- Black chin and black-pink collar and- lavender top of head (adult male only) (3)- Blue tail with yellow tip (4)Distinctive:- Pointed tail- No maroon shoulder patches
NOTE: Colour variations in captive
bred birds - blue or yellow.
Very similar parrot species are(4)
protected - seek advice if unsure(2)

Cacatua spp. - White Cockatoos
White CockatoosαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I - 4 species
CITES Appendix II - all others

Other Names:

Kakatua (Indonesia)

Distribution:

Australia; Indonesia; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore;
Solomon Islands

Traded as:Live animals and eggs (carried on
the person) for the pet trade

PhysicalCharacteristics: White or pale salmon-pink feathers. Medium - large birds with short squarish tailand long round-tipped wings. Both sexes look alike. Height: Up to 51cm
Distinguishing Features of the 4 CITES APPENDIX I species:
Cacatua goffini
Tanimbar Cockatoo

Cacatua haematuropygia
Philippine Cockatoo

Pink area between eye
and beakYellow underwings and tailTanimbar Cockatoos at a Market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

White eye ring
Yellow underwings and tailRed under tail.

Distribution: Indonesia
Height: 32cm

Distribution: Philippines
Height: 31cm

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Distribution: Indonesia
Height: 33cm

Cacatua sulphurea
Yellow-crested Cockatoo

Credit: Katala Foundation Inc.

Cacatua moluccensis
Salmon-crested Cockatoo© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Yellow Crest
Yellow-crested
CockatooLarge backward curving
white and pink crest

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Yellow wash on face

Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

Dull yellow wash underwings and base of tail

Similar: Cacatua galerita
larger, no yellow on face

Other feathers
pinky-white

Distribution: Indonesia
Height: 50cm

Drawings adapted from: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Moluccan Cockatoo
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Philippine Cockatoo
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Probosciger aterrimus - Palm Cockatoo
Palm CockatooαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Other Names:

Kakatua raja, Kakatua hitam (Indonesia)

Distribution:

Australia; West Papua, Aru Islands, Indonesia; Papua New Guinea

IUCN: LC

PhysicalCharacteristics: Head and Body Length: 51 - 64cm
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals and eggs (carried on the person) for the pet tradeLong wispy crest

Massive beakRed and black tongue
Bare red-pink facial skin
Grey-black plumage

Young Palm Cockatoo at a Market
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Image Adapted from: Environment CanadaαSimilar to:
Other Black Cockatoos
CITES APPENDIX

Are only found in Australia

Other Black Parrots
CITES APPENDIXDO NOT have bare red-pink-facial skin

Only found in Madagascar; Comoros Islands
and Seychelles
DO NOT have bare red-pink-facial skin

DO NOT have plain grey-black plumage

DO NOT have crest or black beak

Adult Palm Cockatoo
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Eos spp. - Indonesian Lories
Indonesian Lories
α

Other Names:

Nuri Sangir (Red & Blue Lory, Indonesia)

Distribution:

Eastern Indonesia

International Conservation Status:
Eos histrio CITES Appendix I
remainder CITES Appendix II
IUCN: LC

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 24 - 31cm

Blue-streaked Lory
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade
Red Lory
Eos bornea

Blue-eared LoryEos semilarvata

Violet-necked LoryEos squamata

Black-winged Lory
Eos cyanogenia

Blue-streaked LoryEos reticulata

CITES Appendix II
IUCN: LCCITES Appendix II
IUCN: LCCITES Appendix II
IUCN: LCCITES Appendix II
IUCN: VUCITES Appendix II
IUCN: NTRed and Blue Lory
Eos histrio
CITES Appendix I
IUCN: EN

Head: 1. Purple-blue band on the back Head: 1.
of the head (may vary in size)

Blue around the eye, noother purple on head

Head: 1. Violet Blue on upper cheeks,
ear area and band downside of neckHead: 1. Violet blue collar round neck - Head: 1. Bluish-purple band from eyevaries may be very faint into side of necksome birds

Head: 1. Bluish-purple band from eye
down to base of neckBody: 2. Broad blue band across thechest

Body: 2.

No blue on the body, blue
under base of tailBody: 2. Blue on abdomen and undertail

Body: 2. Blue on Abdomen and undertail

Body: 2. Upper back blue-black
streaked with violet-blue

Tail:

Wing: 3.

Small blue patch on eachwing

3. Reddish-purple when viewed
from above

Body: 2. Black flanks and thighs
Wing: 3. Black patch on wings

1.
1.

1.
1.

1.

1.
2.

3.

3.

2.

2.

2.

2.

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

2.

2.
3.

Distribution: Sangir and islands in the
Talaud and Nanusa groups, Indonesia.

Distribution: Moluccas including Buru,
Seram and associated islands and theKai Islands, Indonesia.

Distribution: Seram, Indonesia.

Distribution: Islands in the North
Moluccas and West Papuan group,Indonesia.

Image Source adapted from: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Distribution: Islands in Geelvink Bay,West Papua, Indonesia.

Distribution: Tanimbar group, Indonesia.

Loriculus galgulus - Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot
Other Names:

Burung Serindit (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Singapore; ThailandαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: LC

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 12cm
Credit: Yen Loong Lean

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:
Deep blue crown(may be difficult to see
on females)

Brown eyes

Black bill
Triangular patch of
golden yellow (may bedifficult to see on
females)

Greyish-green legs
and feet
Image Source: Environment Canada

Similar to:

CITES Appendix II

Budgerigar
Melopsittacus undulatus

DO NOT have deep blue crown

Length: 18cm

DO NOT have triangular patch of
golden yellow on mantle

May be listed as Budgerigar
on documentation© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Other Hanging ParrotsαCredit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Image Source: Environment Canada

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Live animals for the pet tradeLorius garrulus - Chattering Lory
Chattering LoryαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Nuri Ternate (Indonesia)

Distribution:

Lorius garrulus garrulus- Halmahera, Weda, Ternate Islands, Indonesia
Lorius garrulus flavopalliatus - Bacan and Obi Islands, Indonesia
Lorius garrulus morotaianus - Morotai and Rau Islands, Indonesia

IUCN: EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 30cm
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Traded as:
Lorius garrulus garrulus Yellow mantle patch suffusedslightly with green. Yellow
mantle patch variable in size

Variable yellow
patch on mantle
suffused with green*
Yellow band onunderwing-coverts

Rose-red bandacross underside

Lorius garrulus flavopalliatus Larger yellow mantle patch, butless green on mantle than Lorius
garrulus garrulus© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Kredit Foto: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Lorius garrulus morotaianus Small yellow mantle patch
suffused with green

End of tail blackish
green

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Image Source: Environment Canada (adapted)

αLive animals for the pet trade

Similar to:Black cap on head
Lorius chlorocercus
Yellow-bibbed LoryCITES Appendix II

Yellow bib

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

January 2008

Lorius lory - Black-capped Lory
Black-capped LoryαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Distribution:

IUCN: LCWest Irian, Indonesia; Papua New Guinea

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 31cm
Credit: Lory Brent Stirton - Getty Images - WWF-UK

Distinguishing Features:Black cap

Violet coloured
areas on back(variable inextent)Grey coloured cere(area above the beakaround the nostrils)

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade.

Yellow underwing

Violet coloured legs

Similar to:Violet coloured
areas on back(variable andmay extend to
the front)

Lorius hypoinochrous - Purple-bellied LoryCITES Appendix II
Dull redBlack-capped Lory in a market© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

White coloured cere (areaabove the beak aroundthe nostrils)

Black-capped Lory
Credit: James Compton/TSEA
Image Adapted from: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

May 2008

Strigiformes - Owls
Owls
Other Names:

Distribution:α

Burung Hantu (Indonesia; Malaysia)

International Conservation Status:
All are CITES Appendix II except for 5 species
listed in CITES Appendix I
Heteroglaux blewitti - Forest Owlet (India)
Mimizuku gurneyi - Giant Scop's Owl (Philippines)
Ninox natalis - Christmas Island Hawk-Owl (Christmas Island)
Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata Boobok Owl (Norfolk Island)
Tyto soumagnei - Madagascar Red Owl (Madagascar)

Worldwide (except Antarctica)

IUCN: Varies - up to CR
PhysicalCharacteristics: Height: 16 - 84cm; Wing span: 38 - 160cm, Weight: 40g - 1.8kg
Distinguishing Features:

Bubo sumatranus (Barred Eagle Owl)
Credit: Claire Beastall

Traded as:Live animals, body parts for traditional medicine/magic

Large forwardfacing eyes

- Soft plumage (feathers)- Upright posture- Large rounded head
- Short tail
- Long legs (may be hidden by plumage)- Reversible outer toe - can face forwards orbackwards

Hooked bill

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

- Tend to be dull in colour

α

Sharp
claws

Tyto alba (Barn Owl) for salein a market

Ninox scutulata (Brown Hawk
Owl) for sale in a market

Ketupa ketupu (Buffy Fish Owl)
for sale in a market

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

NOTE:
Identifying owl
chicks to species
is very difficult.
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org andwww.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html

March 2008

Crocodylia spp. - Hides
All at least CITES Appendix II

CollarLongitudinal Rows
Count the numberof scales from one
side to the otherTransverse Rows
Count the numberof scale rows
between the collar
and the cloacal vent

1.

2.

3.

Cloacal vent
1. Lateral
Tail Scales

2. Rows of Flank
Scales3. Neck
Scales© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Identification of Crocodile skins
Species

Transverse
Rows

Longitudinal
Rows

Alligator mississippiensis

29 - 34

12 - 14

Caiman crocodilus

20 - 24

12 - 14

Crocodylus niloticus

26 - 30

14 - 20

Crocodylus novaeguinea

22 - 28

12 - 18

Crocodylus mindorensis

22 - 25

12 - 14

Crocodylus porosus

31 - 35

16 - 19

Crocodylus siamensis

30 - 34

14 - 16

Tomistoma schlegelii

22 - 24

12 - 14

UndertailScalesAll Images Credit: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

Ventral Scales(with surface pitting)

Ventral Scales(no surface pitting)

Collar region
ScalesAlligators & Caiman
Alligators and Caimans
Fourth tooth of the lower jaw hidden in internal socket of the upper jaw when the mouth is closed

Crocodiles
Fourth tooth of the lower jaw visible in external notch of the upper jaw when the mouth is closed

Alligator mississippiensis

Alligator sinensis

Caiman crocodilus

American Alligator

Chinese Alligator

Spectacled Caiman

CITES Appendix I

CITES Appendix II

Other names:

American Alligator, Gator (English)

Other names: Chinese Alligator (English), Yangtze Alligator(English), E Yu, T'uo, Tou Lung, Yow Lung

Distribution:

United States of America

Distribution:

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: Up to 6m - usually 4.8m.

China (Anhiu, Jiangsu, Zhehiang)

PhysicalCharacteristics:

Length: Up to 1.8m

2 - 3 rows ofscutesNo ridges
on snout- Eye greenish

2 - 3 rows ofscutesLength: Up to 2.7

8 - 10 scutes (scales)
across the backFingers notwebbedLarge scutes(scales) incontact witheachother

1 row ofscutesRidges on
snout

1 row ofscutesAll Images Credit: Environment Canada

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; El Salvador;
French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras;
Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Peru; Suriname;
Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela

PhysicalCharacteristics:

WebbedFingers

Large
scutes(scales)
separatedby skin

Other names: Spectacled Caiman, Common Caiman (English)
Distribution:

6 scutes (scales)
across the back8 - 10 scutes (scales)
across the back

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

IUCN: LRIUCN: CR

IUCN: LCαCITES Appendix II

May 2008- Eye brownish

Large
scutes(scales)in 4 rows(2+2-4-4)
in contact
witheachother2 - 4 rows ofscutesSmall lump(tubercle)
on eyelid

1 row of scales on the collar

Crocodylus novaeguineae & Crocodylus mindorensis
Crocodylus novaeguineae
New Guinea Crocodile

Crocodylus mindorensis
Philippine Crocodile

CITES Appendix II
IUCN: LCCITES Appendix I
IUCN: CR

Other names:

New Guinea Crocodile (English), Buaya air tawar, Pukpuk,
Wahne huala (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)

Other names: Philippine Crocodile (English)

Distribution:

Indonesia (West Irian); Papua New Guinea

Distribution:

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: Up to 3.5m.

Distinguishing Features:
18 - 20 double crested
scutes (scales) on topof tail

Philippines

PhysicalCharacteristics:

6 - 9 scutes(scales) acrossthe back

Two ridges
on snout

Traded as:
Skins and live animals
for the pet trade.

Length: Up to 3m.

8 - 10 scutes(scales) acrossthe back

Distinguishing Features:
18 - 20 double
crested scutes(scales) on topof tailTwo ridges
on snout

Two rows of scales
2 1© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

- Wrinkled eyelid- Eye greenish- Wrinkled eyelid- Eye greenish

Four large scales, one
small scale on each side
No scale rows

Four large
scales, one
small scaleon each side2 1
Row 2. Two rows of
Row 1. scales

Row 2. Two rows
Row 1.

Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

No scale rows

Row 1.
Row 2.
All Images Credit: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

Crocodile skin on sale

Crocodylus porosus & Crocodylus siamensis
Crocodylus porosus
Estuarine Crocodile

Crocodylus siamensis
Siamese Crocodile

CITES Appendix I

CITES Appendix I

Traded as:
Skins and live animals
for the pet trade.

Except for populations in Australia; Indonesia and Papua New Guinea: Appendix II

IUCN: LCIUCN: CR

Other Names: Estuarine Crocodile, Saltwater Crocodile (English), Buaya muara(Indonesia), Baya, Pukpuk, Kone huala (Papua New Guinea), Jara
Kaenumkem (Thailand)
Distribution:

Australia; Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; India; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore;
Solomon Islands; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vanuatu; Viet Nam

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: Up to 7m.

Other Names: Siamese Crocodile (English), Buaya kodok (Indonesia), Jara
Kaenumchued (Thailand)
Distribution:

Cambodia; Indonesia (Kalimantan); Lao PDR; Malaysia (Sarawak);Thailand; Viet Nam

PhysicalCharacteristics:
No humpon snout

Distinguishing Features:Length: Up to 4m.
One hump
on snout

Distinguishing Features:

19 - 21 single crested scutes(scales) on top of tail17 - 19 single crested scutes(scales) on top of tail
Baby Crocodile for sale in a market© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

No large
scales,but may have1 - 4 small
scales

One rowof scales

2 ridgeson snout

All Images Credit: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

One ridge
betweeneyes (maybe hard tosee)

Crocodile skin bags
Credit: Mark Auliya

Tomistoma schlegelii - False Gharial
False Gharial

αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Other Names:

Tomistoma (English), Buaya sumpit (Indonesia), Julong julong (Malaysia), Takong(Thailand),Distribution:

Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra); Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak)

IUCN: EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: Up to 5 m

Credit: Mark Auliya

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as: Live animals for the pet trade, usuallywhen young

Snout points
gradually
One rowof large
scales on
the collar

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA- Olive-brown colour with large distinct black blotchesfrom the snout to the tail (blotches may fade with age).

- Eyes yellowish brown

17 single crested
scutes (scales)on top of tailYoung False Gharial
Round oroval scales
on the flank(side of thebody)

Credit: WWF-Canon / Alain COMPOST

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Two rows of smaller
scutes (scales)

Adult Female False Gharial
1

2

Credit: Claire Beastall3
19 - 20 teeth
on lower jaw

Three rows of two large
scutes (scales)
Image Source: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2008

Uromastyx spp. - Spiny-tailed Lizards
Spiny-tailed LizardsαInternational Conservation Status:
All Uromastyx spp. are listed in
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Dab Lizard, Mastigure (English)

Distribution:

Northwest India to southwestern Asia and theArabian Peninsula to Sahara of Africa.

IUCN: Varies from CR - LR/LC
PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 91.5cm

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade and also for traditional
medicine- Relatively flat, spiny tail- Body relatively flat
- May have lateral skin folds

Very short distance
between the nostrils
and the end of thesnout

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

αCredit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Similar to:
Spiny-tailed iguanid lizards
from the Americas andMadagascar

Australian agamid lizards

Do not show the combinationof features listed above

Do not show the combinationof features listed above
Credit: Anthony B. RATH/WWF-Canon

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Claire Beastall

May 2009

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Phelsuma spp. - Day Gecko species
Day Gecko speciesαInternational Conservation Status:
All Phelsuma spp. are listed in
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Distribution:

IUCN: Varies from CR - LR/LC

Andaman Islands (India); Comoro Islands; Kenya; Madagascar;
Mauritius; Reunion; Rodriques; Seychelles; Tanzania

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 7.6 - 30.5cm
Credit: Eugène Bruins

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade- Most are brighly coloured,usually green- Active mainly during the day- Large eyes, dark, round pupils- Inner toe reduced

Large eyes,
dark, round,pupilsCredit: Eugène Bruins

Inner toes
reducedCredit: Eugène Bruins

Similar to:
Selection of Phelsuma spp. available for purchase in a pet shop
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Other geckosα- Usually dull in colour

Pupils not
round- Active mainly at night- Pupils not round- Inner toe not reduced

Inner toes not
reducedLeopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius). Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Phelsuma quadricellata on sale in a pet shop
Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko). Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

May 2009

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Gekko gecko - Tokay Gecko
Tokay Gecko

αInternational Conservation Status:
Not listed

Other Names:

Throughout eastern tropical Asia

Distribution:

PhysicalCharacteristics: Total length: 20 - 40cm, Weight: 150 - 300g
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Traded as:

Dried or stored in liquid for use in Traditional Medicine

Light bluish-grey skin

Large eyes, pupils
vertically slit
Orange and whitespots

Wide flat toes
Tokay Gecko for use in Traditional
Medicine
Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Tokay Gecko in Wine
Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

αSimilar to:
Other Geckos - other geckos do not have distinctive orange spots.
The Tokay is the second largest species of gecko.
Tokay Gecko for use in Traditional Medicine
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2008

Tokay Gecko for use in Traditional
Medicine
Credit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Varanus spp. - Monitor Lizard spp.
Varanus spp.

αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II except for Varanus bengalensis,
V. flavescens, V. griseus, V. komodoensis, V. nebulosus
which are Appendix I

Other Names:

Biawak (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Africa; Arabia; South Asia; Southeast Asia; East Indies; Australia; Marshall, Caroline
and Fiji Islands.

IUCN: Only 3 listed - V. komodoensis, V. olivaceus: VU,
Credit: Mark Auliya
V. flavescens: LR

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: Between 15cm - 3m
Distinguishing Features:

Traded as: Skins and live for the pet trade.

The skin of Varanus salvator
is commonly found in trade

Varanus salvator skinCredit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Visible ear
opening
Close-up of back skin of Monitor Lizard
viewed through magnification.
Actual size of scales: 1mm in juvenile;
2 - 3mm in adult

Forked Tongue
Varanus salvator adult Credit: Claire Beastall- Muscular tailCharacteristic raised keeled scales eachsurrounded by small granular scales found on
the back of the animal

Varanus prasinus (Green Tree Monitor) from Australia;
Indonesia (West Irian) and Papua New Guinea iscommonly found in the pet trade.

Shoe made from Monitor
Lizard skinCredit: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

- Powerful limbs and sharp claws- Long neck- Narrow head and pointed snout
Varanus salvator juvenile Credit: Claire Beastall

Varanus prasinus in trade

Length: Up to 80cm

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Image Source: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2008

Varanus salvator in wine

Varanus salvator in trade

Credit: Claire Beastall

Credit: Mark Auliya

Ptyas mucosus - Oriental Rat Snake
Oriental Rat SnakeαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Banded Ratsnake (English)

Distribution:

Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Iran; Lao PDR; Nepal;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Pakistan; Taiwan; Thailand; Turkmenistan; Viet Nam

IUCN: Not listed

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 320cm

Ptyas
mucosus/ Cat HOLLOWAY
Credit: WWF-Canon
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Traded as:

Banded pattern on the body(difficult to see in darker animals)

Skins, meat and gall bladders for traditional medicine

Stripes on scales
around the mouth

Ptyas mucosus skinCredit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Similar to: Ptyas korros - Indochinese Rat Snake
Not listed on CITES

Ptyas mucosus leather
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

No bandedpattern on
the body

No stripes on scales
around the mouth
Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore;
Taiwan; Thailand; Viet Nam

Ptyas mucosus meat
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEAAll Photographs Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA
αCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2008

Ptyas mucosus gall bladders
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Ophiophagus, Naja spp. - Cobras
Cobrasα

Other Names:
Distribution:

Africa and Asia

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: Up to 585cm
Distinguishing Features:
Scale in front of the eye(pre-ocular) touches thenostril in cobras, kraits
and coral snakes(eye and nostril closer
together than in othersnakes)The loreal scale ismissing in the cobras,kraits and coral snakes

Only cobras are able toflatten the neck in thisway (vertically)

Image adapted from: US Fish and Wildlife

International Conservation Status:
The following Southeast Asian Cobra species arelisted in CITES Appendix II:
Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra),
Naja kaouthia (Monocellate Cobra),
Naja mandalayensis (Burmese Spitting Cobra),
Naja philippinensis (Northern Philippine Cobra),
Naja samarensis (Southeastern Philippine Cobra),
Naja siamensis (Indochinese Spitting Cobra),
Naja sputatrix (Javan Spitting Cobra),
Naja sumatrana (Equatorial Spitting Cobra)
IUCN: Not listed
Naja sputatrix (Javan Spitting Cobra)
Credit: Mark Auliya

Traded as:

Skins, meat and gall bladders for traditional medicine

Credit: Mark Auliya

Very large head scales
characteristic of
Ophiophagus hannah(King Cobra)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Coelognathus (Elaphe) radiata(Radiated Ratsnake) flattens theneck dorso-ventrally to mimic a cobra

αSkinning Cobras

Collecting blood from
Ophiophagus hannah

Dead cobra at amarketCredit: Claire Beastall

Credit: Mark Auliya

Cobra skin
Variation in pattern on the back of the neck ofNaja kaouthia (Monocellate/Monocled Cobra)
Credit: Mark Auliya

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Cobra gall bladder (fresh)

May 2008

Cobra gall bladder (dried)

All photographs credit to: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Pythonidae - Pythons
PythonsαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II except Python molurus molurus(Indian Rock Python) which is listed in CITES Appendix I

Other Names:
Distribution:

IUCN: Python molurus - LR

Africa; Asia and Australia (only found in the Old World)

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: Up to 10m

Python breitensteini
Credit: Mark Auliya

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:

Skins, meat and live for the pet tradeHeatsensitive

Credit: Mark Auliya© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: Mark AuliyaαTwo small spurs (vestigial limbs) foundeither side of the cloaca (body opening
above the base of the tail)
Similar

Python reticulatus in the meat trade

Python reticulatus is commonly found in the skin trade

Credit: Bounma Vongxay

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Python Skin
Shoes
Credit:TRAFFICSoutheast Asia

Boidae spp.

Six Boa species are listed in CITES Appendix I, all others are listed in
CITES Appendix II. They are only found in Central and South America,
Madagascar and the Indo-Pacific.

Confiscated Python Skin
Morelia viridis (Green Tree Python) from
Australia; Indonesia (West Irian) and Papua
New Guinea is commonly found in the pet trade.
Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2008

Python curtus and Python brongersmai
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit:TRAFFIC Southeast Asia

Carettochelys insculpta - Pig-nosed Turtle
Pig-nosed Turtle
Other Names:αInternational Conservation
CITES Appendix II

Labi-labi moncong babi (ID), Budu Susa (Fly River region, PNG), Garr (Morehead
River region, PNG)

IUCN: VU
Distribution:

Southern Rivers, West Papua (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), Northern
Territories (Australia)

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace Length: Up to 55cm
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Carapace (upper shell) covered with leather

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals also as meat

Tubularnostrils

Hatchling Pig-nosed Turtle
Credit: James Compton/TSEA

Flipper-like front limbs
each with two claws

Pig-nosed Turtle meat
Credit: James Compton/TSEA

Hatchling Pig-nosed Turtle© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEAαWhite patches
All Photographs: Mark Auliya/TSEA(except where indicated)

White edge

Similar to: Soft Shell Turtle
No Soft Shell Turtle has tubular nostrils or flipper-like front limbs with two claws

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Sub-adult Pig-nosed Turtle

Adult Pig-nosed Turtle

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

January 2008

Chelus fimbriatus - Matamata Turtle
Matamata TurtleαInternational Conservation Status:
Not listed

Family: Chelidae
Other Names:
Distribution:

IUCN: Not listed
Bolivia; Brazil; British Guiana; Colombia; Ecuador; French Guiana;
Peru; Surinam; Venezuela

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 44.9cm

Distinguishing Features:

Traded As:
Live animals for the pet tradeThree raised keels run along
the top shell (carapace)- Top shell (carapace) brown or black in colour© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

- Back of top shell - heavily serrated- Head, neck, legs and tails greyish brown in adults

Similar To:
No other species
All photos: Dr. Paddy Ryanα

Two barbels
on the chin

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2011

Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae - Marine Turtles
Marine Turtlesα

5 species are found in Southeast Asia:

International Conservation Status:

Dermochelidae:

Dermochelys coriacea - Leatherback Turtle

Chelonidae:

Eretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill Turtle

All Marine Turtles are listed in
CITES: Appendix I

Chelonia mydas - Green Turtle

IUCN: CR - EN

Caretta caretta - Loggerhead Turtle
Lepidochelys olivacea - Olive Ridley Turtle
PhysicalCharacteristics:

Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 150cm, Weight: Up to 950kg..
Credit: WWF-Canon / Jurgen FREUND

Distinguishing Features:
Cheloniidae

Dermochelyidae

Shell covered
with scutes(scales).

Top shell (carapace)has seven keels(ridges) and iscovered withleather.

1 - 2 claws on the frontedge of front limb.

Front limb has noclaws.

Image Source: Environment Canada

Image Source: Environment Canada

Hatchlings- Front limbs of all are
paddle-shaped.

- Claws (where present)
are on the front edge ofthe front limb.

- Head and limbs cannot
withdraw into the shell

Leatherback Turtle
Credit: WWF-Malaysia/ Ken Scriven

Traded as:Live animals, meat, eggs, stuffed whole animals, shell products (known as Bekko) such as jewellery,spectacle frames etc.

Green Turtle
Credit: WWF-Malaysia/
Ken Scriven

Hawksbill Turtle
Credit: Chris Shepherd
/TSEA

Eggs:
Round and white (like a ping-pong ball)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Egg Diameter:αStuffed Hawksbill Turtle Hawksbill Turtle Shell
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Bekko items
Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Green Turtle Hatchlings for sale

Marine Turtle meat

Marine Turtle Eggs for sale

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: James Compton/TSEA

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

March 2008

Dermochelys coriacea:

5.1 - 5.5cm

Chelonia mydas:

4.0 - 4.6cm

Caretta caretta:

3.9 - 4.3cm

Lepidochelys olivacea:

3.7 - 4.2cm

Eretmochelys imbricata:

3.2 - 3.6cm

Eretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill Turtle
Hawksbill Turtle

International Conservation Status:
CITES: Appendix I

Other Names:

Penyu Karah (MY), Penyu Sisik (ID)Distribution:

Atlantic: eastern central, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest, western central;
Indian Ocean: eastern and western;
Mediterranean and Black Sea;
Pacific: eastern central, northwest, southeast, southwest, western central

IUCN: CR

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (Shell) length: 62 - 114cm, Weight: 35 - 127kg

Credit: WWF-Canon / Cat HOLLOWAY

Distinguishing Features:

Beak-like upper jaw#

αTraded as: Live animals, meat, eggs, stuffed whole animals, shell products(known as Bekko) such as jewellery, spectacle frames etc.

4 pairs of costal scutes (scales)*2 pairs of prefrontal scales(between the eyes)*Thick overlapping scutes oncarapace (upper shell)*Stuffed Young
Hawksbill Turtle
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Similar to:
Chelonia mydas - Green Turtle
CITES: Appendix I

Lepidochelys olivacea - Olive Ridley Turtle

Stuffed Adult
Hawksbill Turtle

CITES: Appendix I

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

No beak-like jaw

Bekko Fan
Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA

Only 1 pair of prefrontal scales(between the eyes)*

6 or more pairs of costal scutes*
Marginal scutes on carapace do not overlap*

Close up of Hawksbill Turtle Scutes
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: Julia Ng/TSEA# Photo Credit: WWF-Canon / Guy MARCOVALDI* Image Source: Environment CanadaαCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Bekko Hair Comb

January 2008

Batagur spp.
Batagur baska River Terrapin
Other Names:

Distribution:

Batagur (Callagur) borneoensis Painted Terrapin

Four-toed Terrapin (English), Tuntong, Tuntong Laut(Malaysia), Tungtung (Indonesia)

Other Names:

Bangladesh; Cambodia; India; Indonesia; Malaysia;
Myanmar. Extinct in Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam

Distribution:α

Batagur baska:
CITES Appendix I

Three-striped Batagur (English), Beluku (Iban, Borneo),
Tuntong Sungei (Malaysia), Biuku, Sulong, Tuntung
Semangka (Indonesia), Kura-kura jidat merah (West
Kalimantan, Indonesia), Tumtum (East Kalimantan,
Indonesia)

Batagur borneoensis:
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: CR

Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 60cm

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 60cm

Distinguishing Features:

Distinguishing Features:

Female (see picture on left)- Four claws on front feet

- Five claws on front feet

Head: Orange-brown- Top shell (carapace) colour varies from dark grey to black, females may be brown- Top shell (carapace) colour varies

Top shell: Brown, may have faint pattern- Head blackish-grey in colour (no reddish shades)- Head colour varies

Male - Non-breeding

Upturned
snout

Serratedjaws

Traded as:
Eggs and live animals for thepet trade

Head: Grey withorange-brown strip

Upturned
snout

Serrated
jaws

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEAInternational Conservation
Status:Top shell: Black-brown, 3 broad black
stripes, edge scutes (scales) may have black
patterns

Batagur borneoensis male in breeding colours
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Batagur borneoensis female
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Fourclaws onfront feet

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

αFront andback ofplastronnarrow

Front andback ofplastronnarrow

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Bottom shell (plastron)

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Top shell (carapace)

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Male - Breeding
Head: White, blackedged red strip

Bottom shell (plastron)

Batagur borneoensis
male - breeding

Image Credit: Environment Canada

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

May 2009

Top shell: Creamy
white, smooth. Blackpatterns as innon-breeding male(see picture in“Traded As” section)

Credit: TSEA

Geoclemys hamiltonii - Black Pond Turtle
Black Pond TurtleαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Family: Geoemydidae
Other Names:

Black Spotted Turtle, Hamilton’s Terrapin, Spotted Pond Turtle (English)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; India; Nepal; Pakistan

IUCN: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 39cm
Credit: Peter Praschag

Distinguishing Features:

Traded As:
Live animals for the pet tradeThree prominentridges on the top shell(carapace)

Similar To:

American Spotted Pond Turtle(Clemmys guttata)
CITES: Not listed
IUCN: Vulnerable

Top shell (carapace) isblack in colour withorange, yellow, creamor white markings
Colour fades with age,
adults may be mostly
black
Photo credit:Turtle Conservancy

Head blackwith prominent
yellow spots

Credit:Turtle Conservancy

Credit: Peter Praschag- Yellow spots
on top shell(carapace)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

α- No yellow
spots onthe head

Bottom shell (plastron)
yellow in colour withdark radiations.

Credit: Olivier Caillabet

Top shell serrated at
the back (moreobvious in juveniles)

Top shell (carapace) length: Between 8.9 - 13.6cm
Credit:Turtle Conservancy

Credit:Turtle Conservancy

Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2011

Distribution: USA

Cuora spp. - Asian Box Turtle species
Asian Box Turtle speciesαInternational Conservation Status:
All Cuora spp. are listed in CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

IUCN: Varies from VU to EN
Distribution:

South and Southeast Asia

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 30cm
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Cuora spp. most commonly found in trade in Southeast Asia:

Distinguishing Features:

Cuora amboinensis Southeast Asian Box Turtle- Hinge on bottom shell (plastron)- Edge of shell smooth (not serrated)

Cuora galbinifrons Indochinese Box Turtle

IUCN: VU

Traded as:

Cuora trifasciata Chinese Three-striped Box Turtle

IUCN: CR

IUCN: CR

- Top shell (carapace) relatively high dome

Live animals mainly for the meat
trade (often in large quantities),
some as pets

- No notch at base of bottom shell (plastron)
Hinge allows
turtle to closeshell completely
Smoothshell edge

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Smooth, nonotch at baseof bottom shell

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Three yellow
stripes onblack head

Three black
stripes onbrownishhead (not injuvenile)

Bottom shell (plastron)
Cuora amboinensis
Relatively high dome

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

All photos: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Cuora amboinensis
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Hinge

α

Hinge

Cuora amboinensis

Image Source: Environment Canada

Hinge

Photos: Dinonysius Shama

Image Source: Environment Canada

Length: 22 - 25cm

Length: Up to 19.8cm

Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia;
India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar;
Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam

Distribution: Cambodia (?); China;
Lao PDR; Viet Nam

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2009

Length: Up to 20.3cm
Distribution: China; Lao PDR;
Myanmar (?); Viet Nam

Cuora amboinensis
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Leucocephalon yuwonoi - Sulawesi Forest Turtle
Sulawesi Forest TurtleaInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Family: Geoemydidae
Other Names:

Kura-kura daun (Indonesia)

Distribution:

Indonesia

IUCN: CR

Credit: Ian Ives

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 25 - 28cm

Distinguishing Features:

Similar To:

Top shell (carapace)

Asian Leaf Turtle(Cyclemys dentata)
CITES: Not listed
IUCN: NTNo stripes on head

Head and neck dark, orange tolight reddish brown stripes onside of head and under neck

Five scutes(scales)
across the
topMark Auliya/TRAFFIC

Credit: Ian Ives

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org- Single keel, (less obvious
in older animals)- Five scutes (scales) along
the top

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Credit: Sabine Schoppe© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011a

Credit: Ian Ives

- Brown to black in colour

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Top shell (carapace):

Top shell serrated
at the back (morein juveniles)

Credit: Mark Auliya/TRAFFIC

Malayan Flat-shelled Turtle(Notochelys platynota)
CITES: Appendix II
IUCN: VU

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Bottom shell (plastron):- Yellow or light brown withdark radiations to dark brownor black

Distribution: Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia;
China (?); India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar;
Nepal; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam

December 2011

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Three welldeveloped keels

Mark Auliya/TRAFFIC

Traded As:
Meat and as live animals for the pet trade

Top shell (carapace):- Greenish to yellowish
brown or reddish brown- Flattened, but with single
keel- Six scutes (scales) along
the top

Bottom shell (plastron):- Yellow to orange with large
dark mark on each scute(scale), mostly black insome animals

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia;
Myanmar (?); Thailand; Viet Nam

Platysternon megacephalum - Big-headed Turtle
Big-headed Turtle
Family: Platysternidae
Other Names:
Distribution:aInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: EN

Cambodia; China; Lao PDR; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 20cm
Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

Distinguishing Features:

Adult

Traded As:
Live animals for the pet trade and as meat

Very distinctive freshwater turtle.
Similar To:
No other species

Head: Too large to withdraw into the shell
Top covered with a single large scute (scale)

Tail:

Juvenile

Almost as long as the carapace (top shell)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Covered with large scales

Juvenile plastron(bottom shell)orange with black
markings at thecentreAll images: Peter Paul van Dijka

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

December 2011

Orlitia borneensis - Malaysian Giant Turtle
Malaysian Giant TurtleαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Bajuku, Biukuk (Indonesia); Juku juku besar, Baning dayak (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Indonesia; Malaysia

IUCN: EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 80cm
Credit: Mark AuliyaTSEA

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals for the meat trade (often inlarge quantities)
Top shell (carapace)
Grey, brown or black

Head brown or black
Thickened scales
around the eye

Sharp notch at the base of
the lower shell (plastron)

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

αFirst central
scute wide at
top and narrowat baseCredit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

May 2009

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Siebenrockiella leytensis - Philippine Forest Turtle
Philippine Forest TurtleαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Family: Geoemydidae
Other Names:

Bakoko, Bakuku (Philippines); Philippine Pond Turtle, Leyte Pond Turtle,
Necktie Turtle (English)

Distribution:

Palawan and Dumaran Islands, Philippines

IUCN: CR

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (Top shell) length: Up to 30cm, body weight: up to 3.5kg or more

Traded As:
Live animals for the pet trade, food andtraditional medicine

Distinguishing Features:
6 - 7 small bumps
above the upper
eyelids

Front of top shell (carapace)blunt and rounded in juveniles

Upper jaw slightly
hookedLarge head

Pink-orange spots on sideof head and lower jaw(fades with age)

Juvenile

White ring around the neck(fades with age)Top shell (carapace)

Juvenile

Adult
Hatchling

Similar To:

Juvenile

Upturned mouth:
giving “smiling”
appearance
Distribution:
Adult

Juvenile

Adult

All Photos credit: Sabine Schoppe
α

CITES Appendix II
IUCN: VU

Yellowish, light brown to dark brown and black incolour, never with lines

Carapace serrated at
the bottom edge of theshell (smooth in older
females)

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2011

Adult

Black Marsh Turtle(Siebenrockiella crassicollis)

Bottom of shell (plastron)

First two scales (scutes)
project forwards in older
animals© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Colour of head
fades with age

Head, neckblack/grey withyellow or whitespots (hard tosee in adultmales)

Bottom shell (plastron) may
be black or light in colour.
Black marks visible
at edge of scales(scutes) if theplastron is lightcolourCambodia; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 20cm

Photo credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Trachemys scripta elegans - Red-eared Slider
Red-eared SliderαInternational Conservation Status:
Not CITES listed

Other Names:

Kura-kura Telinga merah, Kura-kura ninja (Indonesia),
Kura terlinga-merah (Malaysia).

Distribution:

U.S.A.
NOTE: Introduced species in Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia; Malaysia;
Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Singapore and in other temperate,
tropical and sub-tropical countries around the World.

IUCN: Not listed

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 30cm
Credit: Mark Auliya

Distinguishing Features:Long red patch
Dark green
head withyellow stripes

Traded as:Live animals for meat and the pet trade.
Animals for the pet trade are often soldas juveniles.

- The shell colour (both top and bottom) varies with age.
- The colouration of the head does not change with age.
- The red patch on the side of the head, behind the eye is always present.
- Adult males have long claws.

Top shell (carapace)
Green- yellow in young animals, darkening with age to almost black
Credit: Mark Auliya

Bottom shell (plastron)
Yellowish-orange
with a dark markon each scale(scute)Markings vary, but
are similar to thisScales (scutes) withradiating lines© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

α

NOTE:
Millions of captive bred Red-eared
Sliders are traded legally each year.

Very young animal
Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Adult
Credit: Mark Auliya

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Very young animal
Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Adult
Credit: Mark Auliya

May 2009

Old adult
Credit: Mark Auliya

Smugglers often list this species on the
documents and then put other turtle
species inside the shipment.

Testudinidae spp. - Tortoise species
International Conservation Status: αAll are listed in CITES Appendix II*, except for
8 species which are listed in Appendix I

Tortoise species
Other Names:

Distribution:

Africa (including Madagascar); Americas; Europe; Asia

Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise
Astrochelys (Geochelone) yniphora - Ploughshare Tortoise
Chelonoidis (Geochelone) nigra - Galapagos Giant Tortoise
Gopherus flavomarginatus - Yellow-bordered Tortoise
Psammobates geometricus - Geometric Tortoise
Pyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise
Pyxis planicauda - Flat-tailed Tortoise
Testudo kleinmanni - Kleinmann’s Tortoise

IUCN: Varies up to CR

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 10 - 135cm, Weight: 140g - 300kg

Manouria impressa
Credit: Doug Hendrie

Distinguishing Features:
Solid, often domed top shell(carapace)

Annual rings on scutes oftenvery clear and well defined

Wide stumplike or“elephantine” hind feet

Similar to:

NOTE:

Most can withdraw
neck and limbs
entirely into theirbony shell

All Testudinidae spp.
live on land.
Live specimens mustbe given fresh water todrink, but should neverbe placed in a pool as
they may drown.

Some species cangrow up toenormous size,
weighing up to
300kg

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Seizure of live Tortoises

NOTE:© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009αTraded as:Live animals for the pet trade, meat,shell for medicine or decorative items

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Freshwater and marine turtles

Freshwater turtle*NOTE: Geochelone sulcata - African Spurred Tortoise listed
in CITES Appendix II . Zero quota for specimens removed
from the wild and traded for primarily commercial purposes

Credit: Hartmut JUNGIUS / WWF-Canon

Marine turtle
Freshwater and marine
turtles live mostly inwater.
Flipper-likefeetWebbedfeet
Trachemys scripta elegans - Red-eared Slider

Eretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill Turtle

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Credit: Cat HOLLOWAY / WWF-Canon

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2009

Tortoise shells used to make musical instruments
Credit: Hartmut JUNGIUS / WWF-CanonAstrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise
Radiated TortoiseαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Other Names:

IUCN: CR
Distribution:

Madagascar; introduced to Mauritius; Reunion

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (top shell) Length: Up to 40cm
Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals

Black rays of star patternform fan-like design on
about one quarter ofthe scute (scale)

Plastron with black triangles(Bottom shell)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Similar to:

Radiated Tortoise Shell Pattern

Radiated Tortoise Shell Pattern

Geochelone elegans - Indian Star Tortoise

Geochelone platynota - Burmese Star Tortoise

Pyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise

CITES Appendix II

CITES Appendix II

CITES Appendix I

Black rays of starpattern extend in
all directions

Top of scutes(scales)
sharply
angled inadultsHinge present
in someNo line linking
centre of starpattern

Fewer dark rays,
creamy-whitebackground

Credit: WWF-Canon / Urs WOY
Credit:Mark Auliya/TSEA

Carapace Length: Up to 38cm

* Image Source: Environment Canada
All Photographs: Chris Shepherd/TSEA except where indicated).
α

Plastron

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Jerome Maran

Carapace Length: Up to 26cm

January 2008

Plastron

Carapace Length: Up to 15cm

Plastron*Astrochelys yniphora* - Ploughshare Tortoise
Ploughshare Tortoise
Other Names:

Distribution:αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

Angonoka (Madagascar)*Scientific name may also be listed as Angonoka yniphora or Geochelone yniphora

IUCN: CR

Madagascar

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 48cm
Credit: WWF-Canon / Meg GALLER

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Young animals have a pattern of rectangles. The centre
part of the scute (scale) is clear (no streaks or spots).

Live animals for the pet trade,as young animals and adults

Colours may fade in older animals.
Large elongated andupturned protruding
front scute (scale) on
the underside of theshell (plastron) longer in adult male.

Adult Ploughshare Tortoise confiscated from trade
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Credit: Kathrin Schmidt

Similar to: As an adult, unmistakable, but hatchlings andjuveniles of Geochelone sulcata (African Spurred Tortoise)look similar.

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Young Geochelone sulcata have:α- A less domed shell- A lighter colour- Jagged edges tothe shell

Highly domed carapace

Credit: Sandrine Pantel/TSEA* Image Source: Environment Canada

Credit: WWF-Canon / Martin HARVEY

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Geochelone carbonaria - Red Footed Tortoise
Red Footed TortoiseαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Family: Testudinidae
Other Names:

Cherry-headed Tortoise (English)

Distribution:Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Guiana; Panama;Paraguay; Venezuela

IUCN: Not listed

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 51cm
Credit: David Lawson/WWF-UK

Distinguishing Features:

Traded As:
Live animals for the pet trade
Top shell (carapace)
black with yellow to
reddish orange
markings on top of
the scutes (scales)

Top of front limbs covered withlarge red scales

Top shell (carapace)has yellow to reddish
orange markings at
the edge of the edge
scutes (scales)*Credit: Deborah Bardowicks/Twycross Zoo

Head scales are yellow, red ororangeCredit: Matt Morris

Credit:Matt Morris

Similar To:

Top shell (carapace)brown with yellow toorange markings on topof the scutes (scales)

Yellow-footed Tortoise(Geochelone denticulata)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Pre-frontal head scale notdividedTop of front limbs covered
with large yellow ororange scales

CITES Appendix II
IUCN: VU
Pre-frontal head scale
divided in two parts

Top shell (carapace) has
yellow to orange markingsat the edge scales(scutes)

Length: Up to 82cm long
Distribution: Bolivia; Colombia; Equador;
French Guiana; Guyana; Peru; Suriname;
Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela

Credit: Matt Morris

Head scales are yellow toorangeCredit: Matt Morris* Twycross Zoo’s Red-footed Tortoise, photography by Deborah Bardowicks
α

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2011

Credit: Matt Morris

Geochelone elegans - Indian Star Tortoise
Indian Star TortoiseαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

IUCN: LR
Distribution:

India; Pakistan; Sri Lanka

PhysicalCharacteristics:

Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 38cm

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Black rays of starpattern extend in
all directions

Young Indian Star Tortoises on display at a pet shop

Plastron(Bottom shell)
Similar to:Geochelone platynota - Burmese Star Tortoise

Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise

CITES Appendix II

Fewer dark rays,
creamy-whitebackground© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals

Top of scutes(scales)
sharply
angled inadultsCredit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Carapace Length: Up to 26cm
* Image Source: Environment Canada
All Photographs: Chris Shepherd/TSEA (except where indicated).
α

Pyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise

CITES Appendix I

CITES Appendix I

Hinge present
in someBlack rays of star patternform fan-like design on
about one quarter ofthe scute (scale)Top of scutes
more rounded

No line linking
centre of starpattern

Indian Star Tortoise Shell Pattern

Credit: WWF-Canon / Urs WOY
Credit: Jerome Maran

Plastron

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Carapace Length: Up to 40cm

January 2008

Plastron*

Carapace Length: Up to 15cm

Plastron*Geochelone platynota - Burmese Star Tortoise
Burmese Star Tortoise
Distribution:αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Myanmar

IUCN: CR
PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (top shell) Length: Up to 26cm

Credit: James Compton/TSEADistinguishing Features:

Traded as:

Fewer dark rays,
creamy-whitebackground

Live animals for the pet trade, often as young animals

Top of scutes(scales) moreroundedNo line linking
centre of starpattern
Credit: Jerome Maran

Plastron(Bottom shell)

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Adult Burmese Star Tortoise

Burmese Star Tortoise Carapace Pattern

Credit: James Comptom/TSEA

Credit: James Comptom/TSEA

Similar to:Geochelone elegans - Indian Star Tortoise

Astrochelys (Geochelone) radiata - Radiated Tortoise

CITES Appendix II© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Black rays of starpattern extend in
all directions

CITES Appendix I

Black rays ofstar patternform fan-likedesign on
about onequarter ofthe scutes(scale)Top of scutes(scales)
sharply
angledin adults

Hinge present
in someCredit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Carapace Length: Up to 38cm

Plastron* Image Source: Environment Canada
All Photographs: Chris Shepherd/TSEA
αPyxis arachnoides - Spider Tortoise

CITES Appendix I

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Carapace Length: Up to 40cm

January 2008

PlastronCredit: WWF-Canon / Urs WOY

Carapace Length: Up to 15cm

Plastron*Geochelone (Stigmochelys) pardalis - Leopard Tortoise
Leopard TortoiseαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Distribution:

Angola; Botswana; Ethiopia; Kenya; Lesotho; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia;
Somalia; South Africa; Sudan; Swaziland; Tanzania; Uganda; Zaire; Zambia;
Zimbabwe

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (Shell) length: Up to 70cm, Weight: 20kg

Credit: WWF-Canon / Michel TERRETTAZDistinguishing Features:First marginal
scutes (scales)

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade.

Nuchal scute(scale) absent
between the firstmarginal scutes

Image Source: Environment CanadaBlack patches on themarginal scutes (edgescales), especiallyvisible in young animals

Carapace(Top of shell)
Image Source: Environment Canada- Shell pattern of black spots and markings
on a light cream or yellow background.

- The markings on the shell vary
© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

according to the area of origin.

- Some have patterns all over theshell, others have few.

- The design fades with age.
Seizure of Leopard Tortoises
Credit: WWF-Canon / Wil LUIIJFAll Photographs Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

αCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

Centrochelys (Geochelone) sulcata - African Spurred Tortoise
African Spurred TortoiseaInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II: Zero quota:

Family: Testudinidae
Other Names:

Grooved Tortoise (English)

International Trade in wild caught
African Spurred Tortoises for commercial
purposes is NOT permitted.

Distribution:

Chad; Egypt; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Mali; Mauritania; Niger; Nigeria; Senegal;
Somalia; Sudan

IUCN: VU

Credit: Turtle Conservancy

Traded As:
Live animals for the pet trade

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace)lLength: Up to 83cm, body weight: up to about 100kg
Distinguishing Features:

As a young animal

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Double scale (scute)at the front of thebottom shell(plastron)

No small scale(scute) at thefront of the top
shell(carapace)- Slightly domed shell- Light in colour- Jagged edges
to the shell

Yellow-brownin colour

Two or three large
conical spurs oneach side of tailBottom shell (plastron)

Similar To:
Hermann’s Tortoise(Testudo hermanni)
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: NT

Spur-thighed Tortoise(Testudo graeca)
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: VU

Carapace (top shell)

Kleinmann’s Tortoise(Testudo kleinmanni)
CITES Appendix I
IUCN: CR

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Similar as young animal
Ploughshare Tortoise(Astrochelys yniphora)
CITES Appendix I
IUCN: CR

Asian Brown Tortoise(Manouria emys)
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: EN

Central Asian Tortoise(Testudo horsfieldii)
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: VU

Males
have spurs
on thehind legsaSingle large conical spuron each side of tail

Four claws onfront footScales (scutes)
square, wide seams
between them
Scales (scutes)
above the tail deeply
notchedLength: Up to 20cm long

Length: Up to 40cm long

Length: Up to 14.4cm long

Length: Up to 22cm long

Length: Up to 60cm long

Distribution: Europe.

Distribution: Europe, Middle East.

Distribution: Egypt (?); Libya.

Image credit: UK Border Agency

Image credit: UK Border Agency

Distribution: East Europe; East, North andSouth Asia

Distribution: Bangladesh; India; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2011

Singlescale(scute) at
the front of
the bottomshell(plastron)

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Bottom shell(plastron) paleyellow with two
triangular marks

Scute(scale)above taildividedEnd of tail hornyor hardCredit: H. Zwartepoorte, Rotterdam Zoo

Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

Credit: WWF-Canon/Michel Gunther

Credit: Turtle Conservancy© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Credit: www.cheloniaphile.com

Credit: Chris R Shepherd/TSEA

Distribution: Madagascar

Indotestudo elongata - Yellow-headed Tortoise
Yellow-headed TortoiseaInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Family: Testudinidae
Other Names:

Elongated Tortoise, Pineapple Tortoise (English), Banding Lontong,
Kura-kura Mas (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; Cambodia; India; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal;
Thailand; Viet Nam

IUCN: EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 36cm

Credit: : Indraneil Das

Traded As:
Meat and as live animals for the pet trade2.

Highest point when viewed from the side is at third scute (scale)across the top

3.

1.

Similar To:

Yellow head
Males show pinkish colour
around eyes and nostrils during
breeding season.
Top shell (carapace)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Travancore Tortoise(Indotestudo travancorica)
CITES: Appendix II
IUCN: VU

Distribution: Sulawesi, Indonesia

Distribution: India

Top shell (carapace)

Bottom shell (plastron)

Most have small, long and narrownuchal scute (scale) at the centre of
the front of top shell.

Highest point when viewed fromthe side is at third scute (scale)across the top

Markings vary. Orange or orange togreenish background. May haveirregular black markings.

Lemon-yellow colour, large blacksquare-shaped mark at centre ofscutes (scales)
Bottom shell (plastron)

Intense black marks. These
markings are never cloudy or
fragmented

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Juvenile
Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Highest point of top shell (carapace) is at the second
scute (scale) along the top (if shell is not deformed).
May be on third scute in juveniles.
Most animals have nonuchal scale (scute)Juvenile Indotestudo travancoria
All Indotestudo forstenii images are credited to: Ian Ives

All Indotestudo elongata images (unless otherwise stated) are credited to: Peter Paul van Dijk

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

2.
1.

Most animals have no nuchal
scute (scale). Short and wedge
shaped if present

Young animals
difficult to identifyaSulawesi Tortoise(Indotestudo forstenii)
CITES: Appendix II
IUCN: EN

Credit: S.U. Saravana Kumar

Distinguishing Features:

December 2011

Credit: Indraneil Das

Malacochersus tornieri - Pancake Tortoise
Pancake TortoiseαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Distribution:

IUCN: VU
Kenya; Tanzania; Zimbabwe

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (Top shell) length: 18cm
Credit: Fabian Schmidt

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live animals for the pet trade.

Shell is flat
(even large animals are
only about 6cm thick)Star pattern on carapace(always visible, but lessdistinct in some animals)

The shell is squarish in
shape when viewed fromabove.

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

The edges of the shell; both
top and bottom (carapace
and plastron) are fairly stiff;
but the middle sections
are soft to the touch.

Carapace (Top shell)

Pancake Tortoise on sale in a pet shop

Plastron (Bottom shell)

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Image Source: Environment Canada
All Photographs Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

αCheck current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

March 2008

Manouria emys - Asian Brown Tortoise
Asian Brown TortoiseαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Baning perang, Kura-kura anam kaki (Malaysia), Kadazandusun, Suyan (Sabah,
Malaysia), Baning coklat (Indonesia)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; India; Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo); Malaysia; Myanmar;
Thailand, Viet Nam

IUCN: EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 60cm. Weight: up to 30kg
Credit: Chris ShepherdTSEA

Distinguishing Features:
Largest of the Asian Tortoises

Manouria emys emys is found in Sumatra and Borneo (Indonesia); Malaysia;
Southern Thailand

Top shell (carapace) andbottom shell (plastron) same
colour - grey, brown or black

Manouria emys phayrei is found in Bangladesh; India; Myanmar; West-central
Thailand
These look slightly different - but both are listed in CITES Appendix II

Head brown or black
Males have spur on thehind legs

Similar to:

Traded as:Live animals for meat and the pet trade

There are two subspecies of Manouria emys:

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Manouria emys emys Pair of scales (scutes) just behind thefront legs do not touch in the centre

Manouria impressa
Impressed Tortoise

Manouria emys phayrei Pair of scales (scutes) just behindthe front legs touch in the centre

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Front scutes
always protrude.

CITES Appendix II© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Length: up to 31cm

αTop and side scales (scutes)
curve inwards
Serrated and upturned edge to
top shell (carapace)

Scutes square, wide
seams between themCredit: Douglas B. Hendrie

Distribution: Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam
Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Bottom shell (plastron)
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Scutes above the taildeeply notched

May 2009

Bottom shell (plastron)
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Manouria impressa - Impressed Tortoise
Impressed Tortoise
Other Names:

Banning bukit (Malaysia); Baning Asia (Indonesia)

Distribution:

Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

IUCN: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 33cm
Credit: Douglas B. Hendrie

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as: Live animals for meat and the pet
trade

Top and side scales(scutes) concave(depressed)
Serrated andupturned edge
to top shell(carapace)

Yellowish
head

Spurs visible onmale only

Top shell (carapace)
golden brown andtranslucent

Credit: Douglas B. Hendrie

Credit: Douglas B. Hendrie

Similar to:

Manouria emys
Asian Brown Tortoise© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

CITES Appendix IIαCredit: ENV/R

Largest Asian Tortoise (up to 60cm long).
Head brown or blackTop and bottom shell - grey, brown or black
Distribution: Bangladesh; India;
Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo);
Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand;
Viet Nam

Top and side scales do not curve inwards
Edge of top shell not serrated and upturned
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2009

Amyda cartilaginea - Asiatic Softshell Turtle
Asiatic Softshell Turtle
Other Names:

Labi labi, Labi labi super, Kuaya emas (Indonesia)

Distribution:

Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar;
Singapore; Thailand; Viet Nam

αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 100cm

Amyda cartilaginea
Credit: Mark Auliya

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:Live for the meat trade

Carapace (top shell) rounded in shape
Front edge of carapace has a roughtexture with small bumps (tubercles)

Yellow dots onhead and neck
Nose istrunk-like andvery straight

Credit: Mark Auliya

Credit: Mark Auliya

Amyda cartilaginea in trade
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Similar to: Dogania subplana - Malaysan Softshell Turtle
IUCN: LR

Carapace flat and rather smooth
Dark stripe down centre of carapace© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

2 or 3 dark rims on each side (maybe surrounded by a fine line)αNose istrunk-like andturns down

Credit: Pauli Hien

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Carapace (Top shell) Length: Up to 35cm
Distribution: Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Mark Auliya

Front edge of carapace smoothwith no rough texture

June 2008

Amyda cartilaginea before shipment (note shell damage)Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Chitra spp. - Narrow-headed Softshell Turtles
Narrow-headed Softshell Turtles
Family: Trionychidae
Other Names:

Labi-labi bintang (Indonesia), Manlai (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Bangladesh; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal;
Pakistan; ThailandaInternational Conservation Status:
All Chitra spp. are listed in
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: CR - EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 183cm
Hatchling Chitra chitra (Thailand)
Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

Distinguishing Features:

Traded As:
Meat

Chitra vandijki
Credit: Jonathan Murray

Similar To:

Shell covered in leathery skin

Giant Softshell Turtles
Pelochelys spp.

Top shell (carapace) round and flat, smooth in adults
Bottom shell (plastron) cream coloured to pinkish white

Chitra chitra (Thailand)
Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

Three species of Chitra:Southeast Asian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle (Chitra chitra)
IUCN: CR
Overall colour: Greenish yellow to olive-green. Black in animals from Java, Indonesia
Distribution: Indonesia; Malaysia; Thailand© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Burmese Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle (Chitra vandijki)
IUCN: Not listedaOverall colour: Chocolate brown
Distribution: Myanmar

Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle (Chitra indica)
IUCN: EN

Credit: Jonathan Murray

Colouration: Top shell (carapace) dark grey to olive with deep-olive green. Juveniles
may have four eye patterns on top shell.
Distribution: Bangladesh; India; Nepal; Pakistan
Credit: Peter Paul van Dijk

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

December 2011

Colour and pattern varies, can be plain
Top shell length up to 150cm
Space between the eyes wider than thewidth of the eye socket

Head shortand wide

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Space between the eyes narrower
than the width of the eye socket

Chitra chitra(Java, Indonesia)

Credit: Arthur Georges

Head narrow, long and very flat

Distribution: Australia; Bangladesh; Cambodia;
China; India; Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia;
Myanmar; Papua New Guinea; Philippines;
Thailand; Viet Nam

Pelochelys spp. - Giant Softshell Turtlesa

Family: Trionychidae

International Conservation Status:
All Pelochelys spp. are listed in
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Labi-labi raksasa (Indonesia), Antipa (Philippines)

IUCN: EN - VU

Distribution:

Australia (?); Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India;
Indonesia; Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Papua
New Guinea; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam

Giant Softshell Turtles

PhysicalCharacteristics: Top shell (carapace) length: Up to 150cm

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Traded As:
MeatDistinguishing Features:- Shell covered in leathery skin

Similar To:- Top shell (carapace) round and flat,smooth in adults

Narrow-headed Softshell Turtles
Chitra spp.

- Bottom shell (plastron) creamy white- Space between the eyes wider than thewidth of the eye socket

Pelochelys cantorii

Pelochelys bibroni

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Credit: Arthur Georges

Credit: Jonathan Murray- Head short and wide

Three species of Pelochelys:
Frog-faced Softshell Turtle (Pelochelys cantorii)
IUCN: ENa

Colour and pattern varies
Space between the eyes narrower than
the width of the eye socket

Striped New Guinea Softshell Turtle (Pelochelys bibroni)
IUCN: VU
Colouration: Top shell (carapace) pattern similar to Chitra chitra, but with broad
brown lines extending from back of neck onto the middle of the shell (see above)
Distribution: Indonesian Papua; Papua New Guinea; Australia (?)

Speckled Giant Softshell Turtle (Pelochelys signifera)
IUCN: Not listed
Pelochelys cantorii

Pelochelys cantorii

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Credit: Sabine Schoppe

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Colouration: Top shell (carapace) 55cm, olive-brown in colour with no pattern
Distribution: Indonesian Papua; Papua New Guinea

December 2011

Head longand narrow

Credit: Jonathan Murray© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

Colouration: Top shell (carapace) brown in colour with no distinct pattern
Distribution: Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia (Sumatra,
Kalimantan, Sulawesi); Lao PDR; Malaysia; Myanmar; Papua New Guinea;
Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam

Distribution: Bangladesh; India; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Thailand

Pelodiscus sinensis - Chinese Softshell Turtle
Chinese Softshell Turtle
Other Names:

Labi China (Malaysia), Labi labi Cina (Indonesia)

Distribution:

China; Japan; Taiwan; Viet Nam
Captive bred in large numbersαInternational Conservation Status:
Not CITES listed

IUCN: VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 25 - 35cm
Credit: Bui Dang Phong

Distinguishing Features:- Colour varies considerably (green, brownish grey)

Hatchlings: Red/orange (may be yellow or white) but
always with black spots on rear legs andplastron (bottom shell), red fades with age.
Note: pattern varies between individuals- May have black markings on carapace (top shell)- Long nose in comparison to most softshelled turtles- Carapace often grooved

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Similar to:αTraded as:Live animals for the pet trade andfor the meat trade

One distinct bump on frontedge of carapace (top shell)

Credit: Bui Dang Phong

Credit: TSEA

Credit: TSEA

Hatchlings for sale in a pet shop
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Dogania subplana
Not CITES Listed
IUCN: LR

Amyda cartilaginea
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: VU

- Yellow dots on head and neck

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA- Black line down the centre of the carapace(top shell)- Long straight nose
- Front edge of carapace (top shell) smooth- Front edge of carapace (top shell) rough with
distinct bumps- Long downturned nose
At a meat market
Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2009

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Dyscophus antongilii - Tomato Frog
Tomato Frog
Other Names:

Northern Tomato Frog

Distribution:

MadagascarαInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix I

IUCN: NT

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 6 - 10.5cm

Credit: Mark Auliya/TSEA

Similar to:Distinguishing Features:

Dyscophus guinetiSouthern Tomato Frog / False Tomato Frog
Not listed in CITES

Length: 6.4 - 10cm
White underchin
Back has no dark
pattern, but may
have darker speckles© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Skin foldαWhite under chin

Dark speckles
Dark brownmarkings on theback (may be faintor absent)

Dark bar(may be absent)
Skin fold

Rear foot partly
webbedRear foot partly
webbedColour varies, but always more red than Dyscophus guineti

Colour varies, but always lighter
red than Dyscophus antongilii
Image Source: Environment Canada

Image Source: Environment Canada

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Irregular blackor brown bandMay 2009

Credit: R. Isotti, A. Cambone - Homo ambiens/ WWF-Canon

Traded as:Live animals forthe pet tradeScleropages formosus - Asian Arowana
Asian Arowana

αOther Names:

Ikan Kelisa (Malaysia); Ikan Kelesar (Indonesian); Jinglongyu (Chinese
Hanyupinying), Trey tapawt (Khmer)

Distribution:

Cambodia; Indonesia (Banka Island, Sumatra, Kalimantan); Lao PDR; Malaysia(including Sarawak); Myanmar; Thailand; Viet Nam

International Conservation
CITES Appendix I
Captive-bred animals can be traded ONLY IF:
1. The breeder is registered with the CITES Authorities
AND
2. If the animal is tagged with a microchip,AND
3. If the animal is at least F2 (captive bred second generation)
IUCN: EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Total Adult Length: Up to 100cm, but most often seen between 50 - 60cm
Similar to:Distinguishing Features:Long blunt
snout

Five rows oflarge scales
on the bodyDorsal fin
located far backon the body

Traded as: Live animals for the Aquarium
trade (often as juveniles).

Scleropages jardini
Jardin's Arowana

Pink spots on thedorsal, caudal andanal fins

Seven rows of large
scales on the body

1
2
Long
barbels345Large pectoral fins

Large
Caudalfin (tail)Anal fin locatedfar back on the
body

Adult

Very shortbarbels
Credit: Australia Customs

Similar to:
Adult

21 - 24 scales along lateralfrom the edge of the gill cover to thebase of the caudal fin (tail)© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Total Adult Length: 100cm

Pink spot
on the gills

35 or more scales along lateralfrom the edge of the gill cover to thebase of the caudal fin (tail)Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
Silver Arowana
Dorsal fin is longer
and extends all theway to the caudal fin

Small
Caudal fin

Anal fin is longer andextends all the way
to the caudal fin
Juvenile

Juvenile

Juvenile
Total Adult Length: 120cm

All Photos (except where indicated) credited to: Tan Heok Huiα

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

January 2008

Cheilinus undulatus - Humphead Wrasse
Humphead WrasseInternational Conservation Status:
CITES: Appendix II

Other Names:

Mameng, Licin, Langkawit (Malaysia), So-mei (Chinese)

Distribution:

Indian Ocean: eastern and western;
Pacific: eastern central, northwest, western central.

α

IUCN: EN

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: 229cm, Maximum.Weight: 191kg
Credit: WWF-Canon / WWF / Hong Kong Cindy Cheng

Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:
Body colour and shape changes
with age as shown in this juvenile.

Most have brightyellow margin to
the tail fin

Credit: WWF-Canon / Frédéric MONNOT

Living animals for the aquarium or restaurant trade.
Animals are generally transported whole.
Common market weight: 0.5 - 1.0kg and size: 30 - 40cm.
Young animals may be kept in grow-out pens until they attain this size.

Credit: WWF-Canon / John E. RANDALL

Fish Trap used for Humphead Wrasse

All have distinctive lines
running through the eye

Credit: Debbie Ng

Humphead Wrasse awaiting transfer
Credit: Julia Ng / TSEA

© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008*

α*Credit: Debbie Ng

Similar to:_

Cheilinus chlorourus
Floral Maori Wrasse

Does not have strong eye stripe or distinct_ bright yellow edge to tail fin.
Has rows of white spots

Credit: Debbie Ng_

Cheilinus trilobatus
Triple Tail Wrasse
Does not have strong eye stripe or distinct_ bright yellow edge to tail fin.
Has pink dots and rows

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Transfer of Humphead Wrasse
Credit: Debbie Ng

January 2008

Humphead Wrasse on display in Restaurant *Credit: WWF-Canon / Michele DUPRAZHippocampus spp. - Seahorse spp.
Hippocampus spp. - Seahorse spp.

αInternational Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Distribution:

IUCN: Varies up to EN

Temperate and tropical coastal waters (from about 50 degrees north to 50 degrees
south).

PhysicalCharacteristics: Vary from 2cm up to 35cm in height.
Credit: Ocean Park Hong Kong

Similar to:Distinguishing Features:

Traded as:

Pipefish

Dried for traditional medicine or souvenirs or as live animals forthe aquarium trade.

Horse-shapedhead- Elongated, long narrow body (like a stretched out
and straightened seahorse)- No prehensile tail (but can coil)
Seadragons
Dried Seahorses
Credit: WWF-Canon / John E. Newby© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Prehensiletail- Elaborate, permanent leaf-like appendages(quantity and appearance differ according
to species)
Credit: Ocean Park Hong Kong

- Deep, laterally flattened body
Photo Credits: Ocean Park Hong Kongα

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Dried Seahorses on display

Dried Seahorses

Dried Seahorses on display

Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

Credit: TRAFFIC SEA

January 2008

Tridacnidae spp. - Giant Clam spp.
Giant Clam spp.
Other Names:

Kima (Malaysia)

Distribution:

Indo-PacificαInternational Conservation Status:
All Tridacnidae spp. are listed in
CITES Appendix II
IUCN: Four listed, status varies from
LR/conservation dependent to VU

PhysicalCharacteristics: Length: up to 130cm, Weight: up to 300kg
Credit: TSEADistinguishing Features:Live
Thick flesh covering the body (mantle) extends
over the edge of the shell when open

Dead (shell only)

Traded as:
Meat, shells and live for the aquarium trade

Inner shell not pearl-like and shiny

Mantle may
be brightly
colouredCredit: Claire Beastall

Credit: Claire Beastall

Giant Clam meat for sale
Credit: Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2009

Credit: Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai

αCredit: Alain COMPOST / WWF-Canon

Credit: TSEA
Credit: Mauri RAUTAKRI - WWF/Canon

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Giant Clam meat for sale
Credit: Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai

Credit: Claire Beastall

May 2009

Nepenthes spp. - Pitcher Plants
Pitcher PlantsαInternational Conservation Status:
Two species: Nepenthes rajah and Nepenthes khasiana
are listed in CITES APPENDIX I
All other Nepenthes are listed on CITES APPENDIX II*

Other Names:

Distribution:

From northern Australia throughout Southeast Asia to southern China

Distinguishing Features:- Distinctive - vine like with thin stems and longnarrow leaves (occasionally has branches)- Pitcher emerges from the tip of the leaf - but
not all leaves will develop pitchers© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Nepenthes rajah
IUCN: EN

Nepenthes macfarlanei (upper pitchers)
Credit: Carrol Lawrence

Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah - Mount Kinabalu andMount Tamboyukon only)

NOTE: You should contact local experts
for further definitive identification.
Traded as: Live plants

The pitcher
grows from atendril which isan extensionof the leaf.

α

CITES I Listed species:

One of several
species where thetendril starts fromthe underside of theleaf, around 1/3
from the tip.

Nepenthes albomarginata

Nepenthes albomarginata

Credit: Carrol Lawrence

Credit: K.Kaliyanan

NOTE: Smugglers often
cut off the last 1/3 of theleaf, removing all pitchers
and tendrils to makeidentification more difficult.

Pitcher may growup to 35cm highand 18cm wide andhold over 3 litres ofliquid.

Nepenthes rafflesiana in trade
Credit: Carrol Lawrence

Nepenthes rajah
Credit: Carrol Lawrence*CITES APPENDIX II listed species:

Nepenthes khasiana
IUCN: Not listed
Distribution: India
Nepenthes burbidgeae
Credit: Carrol Lawrence

Nepenthes macfarlanei(lower pitchers) Credit: Carrol Lawrence

Nepenthes sanguinea

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: Carrol Lawrence

July 2008

All parts and derivatives, except:a) seeds, spores and pollen (including pollinia);b) seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or
liquid media; transported in sterile containers.

CITES APPENDIX I species
ORCHIDACEAE sheet 1 of 2

Orchidaceae
Orchids
Other Names:αInternational Conservation Status:

Anggerik (Malaysia)

Over 25,000 species known - identification is difficult but flowers do share certain traits.

CITES Appendix I: 8 listed*

Flowers share certain traits:S- 3 sepals outside the petals (may look like a petal) (S)PPC- 3 petals (P), one (highly modified) forms a lip (L) and may
be different in colour, shape & size to the other petals

S

S
L

Seedlings or tissue cultures of these which are: obtained in vitro,in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers are notsubject to CITES
CITES Appendix II: All other ORCHIDACEAE spp.
(See www.cites.org for exclusion details )Credit: REACH/Amran- Left side of flower mirror image to the right

NOTE: All Wild Orchids require a CITES Permit- Male and female flower parts fused into a column (C)Traded as:

Paphiopedilum lowii

Live specimens (not always in flower), cut flowers, souvenirs

Credit: REACH/AmranSlipper Orchids: Eg. Paphiopedilum spp. and Phragmipedium spp.
Typical flower structure:

S

Front viewCITES Appendix I listed Orchids* found in Southeast Asia
S

2 sepals fused(not visible
from the front)

PC

Renanthera imschootiana
Distribution: India,
Myanmar, Viet Nam

Dendrobium cruentum
Distribution: Thailand
and Malaysia

Back view

P

P
L

P

L

2 sepals fused

Credit: REACH/Carrol
Credit: Greg Allikas

Credit: Nik Ahamad Fahmi

CITES Appendix I listed Orchids*
Dendrobium cruentum

Distribution: Thailand; Malaysia

Renanthera imschootiana

Distribution: India; Myanmar; Viet Nam© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Paphiopedilum spp.

αPaphiopedilum spp. Distribution: South and Southeast
Asia, China, Papua New Guinea
Leaf: - Leathery with a prominent middle rib(+/- 62 spp.) Distribution: South and Southeast Asia; China; Papua New Guinea

Phragmipedium spp. (+/- 17 spp.)

Distribution: Central and South America

Aerangis ellisii

Distribution: Madagascar

Laelia (Sophronitis) lobata

Distribution: Brazil- V-shaped in cross-section.
- Usually short (under 20cm).
- Colour varies from plain or glossy
green to mottled purple).
Eg. Paphiopedilum barbatum

Laelia (Sophronitis) jongheana

Distribution: Brazil

Peristeria elata

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Venezuela; Colombia

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

Credit: REACH/Amran

January 2008

NOTE: You should contact local experts for further definitive identification.

Identification of Wild Orchids
Orchidaceae sheet 2 of 2

Orchidaceae
OrchidsαInternational Conservation Status:

All Wild Orchids require a CITES Permit...
Wild

CITES Appendix II: All Orchids

Artificially PropogatedExcept for 8 listed (see Orchidaceae
CITES APPENDIX I sheet 1 of 2)

Quantity:

Usually shipped in small numbers(less than 20 specimens)

Usually shipped in greater numbers(more than 20 specimens)Size:

Specimen size varies

Specimens similar in size

Roots:

Often unhealthy, few in number, damaged
or cut away. Growth direction differsfrom that expected from present
container. May find algae, small ferns,
tree bark, tree branch, rock, sand andsmall animals such as snails or insects.

Usually healthy, growth may be in the
shape of the container. Artificial growth
medium may be evident (charcoal, agar,
coconut husk, sphagnum moss etc.)
Credit: WWF-Canon / Wil LUIIJF

GeneralAppearance:

Unhealthy, leaves may be mottled or
dull in colour, often damaged (insect,mould, algae, lichen)

Healthy with no damage to leaves(insect, mould, algae, lichen)

NOTE: You should contact local experts for further definitive identification.

How to distinguish Wild from Artificially Propagated Orchids - What to look for...
Wild Orchid Roots:

Wild Orchid Leaves:© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Might...
...show variation in
growth direction (donot grow in the shapeof a pot)αCredit: REACH/Carrol...be torn or damaged;
new roots may growfrom old damaged
root material...have part of theoriginal substrate still
attached...be dead (fleshy outerlayer withered into abrown powdery
substance

Wild Orchid General Appearance:

Artificially propagated orchids:

Might...
...be crushed or torn...such as those grown in vitro culture
are not subject to CITES...show signs ofchewing by insects or
small mammals...plants artificially grown for export
recieve exactly the same treatment,
are of the same size, age and healthand so will look almost identical.
Credit: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew

Credit: Royal Botanic
Gardens Kew

Credit: REACH/Carrol

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org...have light coloured
spots or holes caused
by insectsUneven growth

Often with dried
inflorescent or pod.

...be damaged throughdesiccation (lessswollen and cracked
especially along the
midrib)Credit: REACH/Carrol

January 2008

Credit: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew

Gonystylus spp. - Ramin spp.
Ramin

α

International Conservation Status:
CITES Appendix II

Other Names:

Bengol, Gaharu, Melawis, Garu Buaja, Lanutan-bagio

Distribution:

Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia, Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines;
Solomon Islands

IUCN: 15 species listed VU

Steps towards Identification:

2. Examine the trimmed surface.

1. Take a sample of the wood to examine.

Credit: Chen Hing Keong/TSEA

Cut this from a transverse section

Use a very sharp knife
to trim a small areafrom the surface ofthe transverse
sectionUse a 14x handlens to examine
the trimmed

You will need tohold the lens close
to your eye to see
clearly

Traded as:
Sawn timber, treatedtimber, often used fordoor frames, picture
frames, baby cots andrulers.

Image Source: Environment Canada

What you should see:

Similarto:

Ramin
Heartwood whitish to paleyellow.
Moderately hard andheavy© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2008

Vessels NOT obviously
arranged in growth rings

αGonystylus sp.

Alstonia scholaris

Hevea brasiliensis

Gonystylus sp.

Dyera costulata

Endospermium
malaccense

Vessels usually solitary,
but may be multiple
Winged structure
surrounding vessels

NOTE: You should contact local experts
for further definitive identification.
Image Source: Forest Products Laboratory, US Forest Service

Check current conservation status at www.cites.org, www.iucnredlist.org

May 2008

Ramin may be stainedin many colours
Credit: Chris Shepherd/TSEA

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Wildlife Enforcement Network (ASEAN-WEN) involves Police, Customs and environment agencies
of all 10 ASEAN countries – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.

ASEAN-WEN co-ordinates the regional response to illegal trade in protected species, which threatens biodiversity, endangers public health,and undermines economic wellbeing.
ASEAN-WEN is:* A regional INTERGOVERNMENTAL law-enforcement network designed to combat the illegal wildlife trade* A proactive response to Southeast Asia’s alarming levels of wildlife trafficking and loss
* A mechanism by which countries can share information and learn from each other's best practices

TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, works to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature.
It has offices covering most parts of the world and works in close co-operation with the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade inEndangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)For further information contact:
Regional Director
TRAFFIC Southeast Asia
Unit 3 - 2, 1st Floor
Jalan SS23/11, Taman SEA,
47400 Petaling Jaya
Selangor
MALAYSIA
Tel: +603 7880 3940
Fax: +603 7882 0171
Website: www.traffic.org© TRAFFIC Southeast Asia 2011

TRAFFIC is a joint
programme of