PALM Scanner

Weld assessment of difficult-to-access,small diameter pipes

NDT inspections of circumferential butt welds are a complex task. This typeof joint is found in various structures including small diameter tubes inboilers. Experts inspect these to find defects which could result in the failureof a component, possibly inducing a human or environmental hazard.
Four factors define the quality of these inspections:• Safety• Inspection duration• Measurement precision and reliability• Quality data management

PALM Scanner
Product offering

PALM 50 Scanner (1.5" – 2.0" diameter tube)

0600140

PALM 64 Scanner (2.0" – 2.5" diameter tube)

0600141

PALM 90 Scanner (2.5" – 3.5" diameter tube)

0600142

PALM 50 Double-sided Extension
Offering only with MUX reasonable0161925

PALM 64 Double-sided Extension
Offering only with MUX reasonable0161926

PALM 90 Double-sided Extension
Offering only with MUX reasonable0161927

Outline• Compact, rigid and lightweight• Easy access between gaps as narrow as 12 mm• Optimum spring-loaded open clamp system
PALM Scanner with double-sided extension

Operating informationThe PALM Scanner family inspects pipes of diameters from1.5” up to 3.5”. The tools are adaptable with various wedges
and phased array probes to suit any inspection procedures
regardless of tube thickness, material or acceptance criteria.
The PALM Scanners are delivered with a wide selection ofaccessories in order to make inspection and/or equipment
handling even simpler.

• No axial slip
• Excellent UT signal• Reliable measurements• Fast and easy translations between measurements• Suitable for ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic pipes• Adapts to various probes and wedges• Provides optimum circumferential weld measurement foreach tube size
• Operated by a single person• Easy to set up• Parallel mounting for inspection from both sides2• CE compliant (waterproof and rust-free)• Need MUX for this product offering
When NDT inspection of circumferential butt welds are
performed manually, it is difficult to achieve high standards
on safety, inspection duration, measurement precision andreliability and quality data management simultaneously.
New or repaired welds are usually inspected by radiography(RT). The technology requires the evacuation of the workers
on site, as well as considerable time for developing theRT films.
Waygate Technologies present the field-proven PALM
scanners that offer unparalleled ease-of-use experience tooperators with superb mechanical design and quality. The
ultrasonic PA probes and wedges crafted specifically for thisapplication ensure the outstanding inspection quality. The
probes and scanners are delivered with Mentor UT probe
connector and encoder adapter as well.

Low profile focusedarray probes
Angle beam probes with flat transducers on convex
surfaces like tubes, suffer from the fact that the soundtends to become defocused. This is especially true if thetransducer’s width is relatively large compared to thebending radius of the curved surface. Therefore, Waygate
Technologies has developed laterally focused array probeswith concave curvature in elevation (CCEV) for the use with
the PALM Scanner, where thefocus not only countervails thedefocussing effect of the surface,but even increases lateraldefect resolution compared tounfocused probes.
Laterally focused array

Internalfocus

Frequency

(mm)

(MHz)

115-130-047

357,5115-130-048

35

10Part numberPitchElev

Cable with Omniscanconnector

(mm)

(mm)

(m)

16

0,510332

0.3

73

ElementcountTM

16,513,0

Laterally focused twin arrays with Y-cabeling
115-001-335

Wedge partnumber35

7,5Material

2 x 16

Velocity

0,5

Incident angle

10

Curvature

9,7

Curvatureorientation

Used on(m/s)(in/uS)

(deg)

(mm)

(in)

360-142-239

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.5

38.10

1.50

Axial O.D.

PALM 50

360-142-240

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.5

44.45

1.75

Axial O.D.

PALM 50

360-142-241

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.550.802.00

Axial O.D.

PALM 50

360-142-242

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.5

50.80

2.00

Axial O.D.

PALM 64360-142-243

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.5

63.50

2.50

Axial O.D.

PALM 64360-142-247

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.5

63.50

2.50

Axial O.D.

PALM 90360-142-248

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.5

76.20

3.00

Axial O.D.

PALM 90360-142-249

Rexolite

2337

0.092

38.5

88.90

3.50

Axial O.D.

PALM 90

Reference point

Primary offset

M2x425,4(mm)Wedge part number

M2,5x45

21,8321,996

Secondary offsetHeight of first el.

13,3

Low profile laterallyfocused array

Laterally focused twin arraywith Y-cabling makes a splitter
unnecessary and is ideal for
double-sided inspections. MUX
option is required to support
twin arrays.
Wedge front

Zoff

(mm)

(in)

(mm)

(in)

(mm)

(in)

(mm)

(in)

(mm)

(in)

(mm)

(in)

360-142-239

10,920.430

18,820.741

0,00

0.000

3,43

0.135

15,69

0,618

5,920,233

360-142-240

10,920.430

18,82

0.741

0,00

0.000

4,520.178

15,690,618

7,00,276360-142-241

10,920.430

18,820.741

0,00

0.000

5,33

0.210

15,69

0,618

7,82

0,308

360-142-242

10,92

0.430

19,76

0.778

0,00

0.000

3,56

0.140

16,62

0,654

6,04

0,238

360-142-243

10,92

0.430

19,76

0.778

0,00

0.000

4,45

0.175

16,62

0,654

6,94

0,273

360-142-247

10,92

0.430

18,520.729

0,00

0.000

4,65

0.183

15,39

0,606

7,14

0,281

360-142-248

10,92

0.430

18,52

0.729

0,00

0.000

5,26

0.207

15,39

0,606

7,75

0,305

360-142-249

10,92

0.430

18,52

0.729

0,00

0.000

5,64

0.222

15,39

0,606

8,130,320

Also available with IPEX probe connector

3

Wedges

Scanner packages

All wedges are compatible
to the low profile probes
in this brochure. They aredesigned with integrated
irrigation channels and all thecurvatures are crafted to fit
the PALM scanner seamlessly.

Complete
set of tools youneed for the inspection isdelivered in one package. Thescanner pack­ages include
a PALM scanner, a 7.5 MHz
laterally focused array probewith Mentor UT connector,
three wedges, an encoder
adapter to Mentor UT and all
the equipment is packed in asafety case.

Low profile probe with wedge

PALM Scanner in a safety case

Scanner packages
PALM 50 package (PALM 50, 7,5 MHz Probe, 3 x Wedges, Safety Case, Encoder Adapter)

0600392

PALM 64 package (PALM 64, 7,5 MHz Probe, 2 x Wedges, Safety Case, Encoder Adapter)

0600393

PALM 90 package (PALM 90, 7,5 MHz Probe, 3 x Wedges, Safety Case, Encoder Adapter)

0600394

Please note that double-side scanner extension is not included in packages and has to be ordered separately.

Why laterally focused arrays for small diameter tube inspection?
Angle beam probes with flat transducers on convex surfaces
like tubes, suffer from the fact, that the sound tends tobecome defocused because of refraction at the interface
between wedge and specimen. This is especially true if
the transducer’s width is relatively large compared to thebending radius of the curved surface (Fig. 1).
Fig.1: Qualitative comparison of soundfields after 1st skip of 45° transversal
wave angle beam conventional probes.
Both specimen had a thickness of 10
mm with flat geometry (left) and R=25mm curvature (right).

Fig.2: Qualitative comparison of soundfields after 1st skip of 45° transversal
wave angle beam conventional probes.
Both transducers have the same widthof 10 mm, whereas one is flat (left) andthe other is concavely curved (right).

Pictures show sound pressure
distribution perpendicularly to theacoustical axis.

Pictures show sound pressure
distribution perpendicularly to theacoustical axis.

One application where this scenario becomes necessary tounderstand is the testing of welds of thin walled boiler tubes.
This tubes normally have diameters in the range of 1,5 to3,5 inch and wall-thicknesses of only a couple of millimeter.
Flaws that normally have to be characterized in thesewelds are also only couple of millimeters in width and thus
comparable to the width of the sound-field of commonlyused probes (Fig. 1). Since -6dB drop-down is the mostprevalent sizing technique flaws will always be characterized
larger than they are because the operator detects theoverlap of sound-field and flaw.

Copyright 2020 Baker Hughes Company. All rights reserved.
BHCS33447 (05/2020)

Thus, Waygate Technologies’ new low-profile phased arrayprobe for testing small diameter tubes have concavely
curved transducers to reduce the width of the sound-fieldin the region of flaws of typical components. With curved
transducers the width of the sound-field can be reduced
significantly (Fig.2).

Although pictures show sound-pressure distributions ofconventional single element probes, the same applies forphased array probes.

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