   —      —   !#"$ % & '(*) +-,/.10-243651748-9 :1;-<6=1>@?6A1B4C-368@9-D/A4E-9 :GF*HJILKNM1O1PJI6Q4R6S1=4T-36U
V W 3*X4748@F*Y@Z4F4[-\4]^Y4_@`*a4a@b@cd4e
1

1.1.

1

5

3

2

1.1.

=⇒f g h(*) ij34kl>@[lK1Xm748
9l547m8@Fln4am8 Flo@pmZ43mF qj3*rms@FlH-t*=majZ4u*>[*K@v43*74wm>4x4y@F
3*X4748@9lz4{ 3*54748@F*ojp4Z4F4[la}|^:@F*Hm_@`*a4ajb@c ~1D=4@p44u
2

2.1.

ABCD

EFGH

a × 1/a51a>1CHGBDd4e 4-3*4@3*4@9 ~^}|*v-~*F*Y@Z@~^K4r1s4@[3*r4s4@96@F*Y@Z@~^K4@34-]*F44Z4u44 ss
44 ss
A=E

2.1. xFdxe√
1<a≤ 2√√2<a≤ 5√√
9 < a ≤ 10√√
10 < a ≤ 173456√
d a2 − 1e + 2>-Q4Z4u V }^a}~*?
a

(*)

d4e12*( ) d1e
i@[654748@9*a}|^:@b6;@<*=4>@?*A@k*84>-Q4Z4u*H}I^P}I4D^=1K4_4_48@9*51748@F*S@4u : 2.2.

()

22.2.

=⇒

=⇒

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2 3 A 45
6 78 :9 :3 B 456 7:8;< A >= B >? AB 2 @ ABC>D1E 78>F
3.1. 1
3 P HGIPA:63 Q Q B
6:3 RAPQ 43B
QR 43C >=>=KJ
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Z@~^K 1K b 3*7 4F 3 @3@F 4Y@Z1v@~*9 *S@4u
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d4e v436W678@345@9 ~^Y@Z@~^K [ 343@F*W}D^= ~^W64>-Q4Z4u*:>@I [PPAB

3.2.

A B, C

3.2.

DAB21DACB

ABCD2*( ) d1e1E*T481>4K@34[*K@k194_@`J@b4Z*>-Q@] u

12 : ()3QBARPC

*( )
d4e

D

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3.3. 1_U1_S

3.3.

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D*6a@u-t*=4K14V7 ?4V 3 /L>N OQ#@9 4: -k431@]* 18@[*UK 1E784@ -4>-3 ()JD^>1X478}~J-+4F14Z4v-~ *a-u @F6K 14V7 ?43 ()}D/> 1a@F JV D*Q1p4Z1@]* /LVNPOQ#-9 1: -k43@]* 18@[*K4@  92}]4~^X4748}~KJ@+4F44Z4v@~ Q4Z4u12 : ()

44.2.

(:)

4.2.

o0}D**a=⇒f  1(*) 47@3@9*HJI J~4D^A-k431@]*!@3 "1z}~$#4z@31*Y F6:4a4=_@9 &4a4= V 3 '4@4>-*a@v@~*9>F*S@1u565.1.

φφ360

11√φd4e√5.1.

cos φ◦9 %-<41u

12√22

!@3 (3 A bV= "4z@F )@D^A@3 *@9 HK"4T@343@9 M ~/Y@Z@~^KAφHM[ "4z@36548@3 +5C@bV=u*A4K>FV=*b4F
u14t*=uGF V 3,'N @ V [ 1NK [ 5G36N C ~/YGZ-~ K.-/1YGZNv-~ 9 1Y u
GILKu ~ v  K 5 3 N F W D = K [[ 0>  I H _  a  3 8 FV Z v ~ 0 1320405 w F lt =  3  ] F   _ 6K mt =  F [  I p  a u ,3 7 [ KK
-I K FV=6b6>@Q1Z1uK~/Y-Z@~/K
>R*@3 8}~^{@3 59:;@-ILKHMH =√√2 × 3/2 × 1/3
cos φ =φ360◦

p/qcos qφ = cos 360p◦ = 1(pq√2/2MH
1= √MA3)q

MA =cos qφqφ = 360p◦√n/( 3)q (n3√cos φ = 1/ 3√cos qφ = n/( 3)qq = 1, 2

cos 2φ = 2(cos φ)2 − 1 = −1/3

√cos(q − 1)φ = m/( 3)q−1

cos(k + 1)φ + cos(k − 1)φ = 2 cos kφ cos φ)



12

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5@b ^K
F4-I
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GI K>GQNZ u1U= FVN F W
D=K F > ? Z uC b = K 3 1020435 w F  I 3*4
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C >=2nm2n − 3mcos(k + 1)φ = 2 cos kφ cos φ − cos(k − 1)φ = √− √= √q+1
q−1
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)q+1cos(k + 1)φ(n32n − 3m3)

5.2. ff (α + β) = f (α) + f (β),

qf (360◦ ) = 0f (qα) = qf (α)α360◦

f (α) = 0

5.2.

f (α) = f (0 + α) = f (0) + f (α)

f (0α) = f (0) = 0 = 0f (α)

f (nα) = f ((n−1)α+α) = f ((n−1)α)+f (α)−nmf (α)

f (nα) = nf (α)

0 = f ((−n)α + nα) = f ((−n)α) + f (nα)

q = m/n (mnn)f (qα) = f ((m/n)α) = (m/n)f (α) = qf (α)

f ((−n)α) = −f (nα) = (−n)f (α)

nf ((m/n)α) = f (n(m/n)α) = f (mα) =