March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Channel Model for Outdoor Open Area Access Scenarios
Date: 2016-03-15
Authors:
Name
Minseok Kim
Kento Umeki
Tatsuki Iwata
Shigenobu
Sasaki
KarmaWangchukJun-ichi Takada

Submission

Affiliations

Address

Niigata
UniversityNiigata
University
Niigata
University
Niigata
UniversityTokyo Instituteof Technology
Tokyo Instituteof Technology

Slide 1

Phone

email

+81-25-2627478

mskim@ieee.org+81-25-2626737

shinsasaki@ieee.org+81-3-57343288

takada@ide.titech.ac.jp

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Abstract• In this contribution, the channel measurement results
in an outdoor environment in Niigata university
campus at an mm-wave band of 58.5 GHz assuming an
open area outdoor hotspot access scenario will be
introduced.

Submission

Slide 2

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•

Background
Channel measurement
Ray tracing simulation
Mechanism identification results
Channel modeling
SummarySubmission

Slide 3

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Background• IEEE802.11ay• Multi-Gb/s data throughput for WLANs• In May 2015, the IEEE802.11 TGay group started for developmentof the new standard enhancing the efficiency and performance ofexisting IEEE 802.11ad specification providing WLANs
connectivity in 60 GHz band

• Increase the data transmission rates defined in IEEE
802.11ad from 7 Gbps up to 30 Gbps for growing
demands of new broadband indoor and “outdoorapplications”

Submission

Slide 4

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Channel Models• Indoor scenarios:• Extension based on existing IEEE802.11ad model [3]• Outdoor scenarios:• Extensive ray-tracing simulations and the results of new
measurements are needed• Existing MiWEBA model [1]• Our contribution• Measurement campaign in an outdoor open area hot spot accessscenario• Investigation of dominant propagation mechanisms• Channel model parameter extraction (Q-D model)
Submission

Slide 5

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Measurement Campaign

Submission

Slide 6

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Mm-Wave MIMO Channel Sounder• Hardware configuration [6]• Baseband: MIMO software defined radio testbed• RF: commercial product (V60TXWG1/V60RXWG1, VubIQ)• Feature• Double directional measurement：rotating high gain horn antennas• Full polarimetric measurement: dual-polar 2x2MIMO• Sounding signal：Newman phase multi-tone
𝑛𝑛2 𝜋𝜋𝜙𝜙𝑛𝑛 =𝑁𝑁

phase

2𝐵𝐵 (= 1/𝐹𝐹𝑠𝑠 )ℱ𝑇𝑇sym (= 1/Δ𝑓𝑓 )timeFrequency
Submission

Slide 7

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Channel Sounder Specifications

Submission

Slide 8

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata UniversityMarch 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Channel Sounder Specifications (cont’d)
Full polarimetric double-directional measurement
Tx Antenna 24dBi Pyramidal Horn

Horn Antenna

Rx Antenna 15dBi Pyramidal Horn
Tx Antenna Rotation

𝜑𝜑- pol

Az:-180~+180, El:-24~+24
Step:12 deg.

Az:-180~+180, El:-30~+30
Rx Antenna Rotation
Step:30 deg.

𝜃𝜃- polAzimuth,𝜑𝜑Elevation,𝜃𝜃Submission

Slide 9

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Measurement Campaign
University campus open square

Obstructed LoS (OLoS)

3m

1.35mBSLine of Sight(LoS)
10m
Map data @Google, ZENRIN

Submission

Slide 10Base Station(BS)Mobile Station(MS)Minseok Kim et al., Niigata UniversityMarch 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Data Processing• Double directional channel impulse response
AoA

AoD

Polarizationp ∈ 𝜗𝜗, 𝜑𝜑q ∈ 𝜗𝜗, 𝜑𝜑′′ℎqp 𝜏𝜏, 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 , 𝜗𝜗𝑚𝑚, 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛′ = ℱ −1 𝐻𝐻qp 𝑓𝑓, 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 , 𝜗𝜗𝑚𝑚, 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛′• Double directional angle delay power spectrum(DDADPS)′′𝑃𝑃qp 𝜏𝜏, 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 , 𝜗𝜗𝑚𝑚, 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛′ = ℎqp 𝜏𝜏, 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 , 𝜗𝜗𝑚𝑚, 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛′

Submission

Slide 112

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Data Processing (cont’d)• Synthetic spectrum (omni-directional)
Angular powerspectrum
Power delay profile

APSqp 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 =PDPqp 𝜏𝜏 =1′
∑𝜏𝜏,𝑚𝑚,𝑛𝑛 𝑃𝑃qp 𝜏𝜏, 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 , 𝜗𝜗𝑚𝑚, 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛′𝜁𝜁Tx

1′∑𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗,𝑚𝑚,𝑛𝑛 𝑃𝑃qp 𝜏𝜏, 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 , 𝜗𝜗𝑚𝑚, 𝜑𝜑𝑛𝑛′𝜁𝜁Tx 𝜁𝜁Rx

Gain correction• Polarization combination
12APSΣ 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑖𝑖 = ∑p∈ 𝜗𝜗,𝜑𝜑 ∑q∈ 𝜗𝜗,𝜑𝜑 APSqp 𝜗𝜗𝑖𝑖 , 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗
12PDPΣ 𝜏𝜏 = ∑p∈ 𝜗𝜗,𝜑𝜑 ∑q∈ 𝜗𝜗,𝜑𝜑 PDPqp 𝜏𝜏Submission

Slide 12

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Ray Tracing Setup
concrete
Frequency 58.5 GHz

glass

Antenna Omni directional
Polarization 0 and 90 deg.
Reflection count3

MS_pos1

2BSOLoS
LoS
2 (MS_pos2
Penetration count (MS_pos1,2)
3)

Diffraction count01

MS_pos2

Calculation method Imaging method

MS_pos3

Ground material earthcopper

Submission

Slide 13

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Propagation Mechanism (MS_pos1)
Single-Bounce Wall (SW) Reflection
SW/DW : Single-/

Double bounce Wall
ADPS@BSDW
TreeSW

LoS

DW
SW

MS

BSLoS
Submission+𝜑𝜑−𝜑𝜑Slide 14𝜑𝜑 = 0

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Propagation Mechanism (MS_pos2)
Single-Bounce Wall (SW) Reflection
Weather DW
shed

DW
SW

SW

LamppostSW

LoS

DW

DW

MS

SW

SW

BSSW

𝜑𝜑 = 0−𝜑𝜑LoS
Submission+𝜑𝜑Slide 15

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Propagation Mechanism (MS_pos3)
Edge Diffraction (ED)ED : Edge Diffraction

WeathershedDWSW
ED

DWMS
SW
ED
Submission+𝜑𝜑BS
Slide 16𝜑𝜑 = 0−𝜑𝜑

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Scattering
Scattering

Interacting Obj.

Lamppost

Interacting Obj.

Tree

Interacting Obj.

Weather Shed

Path gain-112.6dB

Path gain-115.5dB

Path gain-115.5dB

Difference fromdirect path

-17.3dB

Direct path fromdirect path

-17.7dB

Direct pathfrom direct path

-17.7dB

Scattering-17.7~-17.3 dB
Submission

Single-bounce-16~-10 dB

Double-bounce-19~-15 dB
Slide 17

Diffraction-17.25 dB
Minseok Kim et al., Niigata UniversityMarch 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Propagation Mechanism Summary
Propagation Mechanism

MSPosition

MS_pos1
MS_pos2
Single-bounce Reflection
MS_pos2
MS_pos3
MS_pos1
MS_pos2
Double-bounce Reflection
MS_pos2
MS_pos3
Diffraction
MS_pos3
Scattering (Lamppost)
MS_pos2
Scattering (Tree)
MS_pos1
Scattering (Weather Shed) MS_pos2
Scattering (Weather Shed) MS_pos2
Scattering (Weather Shed) MS_pos3

Path Gain[dB]

Difference fromdirect path [dB]-105.6-113.5-113.7-108-110.4-117.6-116.3-117-115-115.5-112.6-116.6-115.5-116.2

10.3
15.7
15.9
10.25
15.1
19.8
18.5
19.25
17.25
17.7
17.3
18.8
17.7
18.45

Average
[dB]

13.86

18.49
17.25

18.03

XPR(TxV) XPR(TxH)

6.39
8.31
8.36
13.85
10.16
4.54
4.29
3.27
0.45
7.13
13.86
1.64
6.57
6.45

2.5
6.98
8.91
14.36
6.41
3.26
6.87
2.56
10.14
6.65
13.94
8.098.47
0.8Strong single-bounce reflection from nearby buildings should bedeterministically modeled
Submission

Slide 18

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Channel Modeling

Submission

Slide 19

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

IEEE802.11ay Outdoor Channel Model• Quasi-deterministic model based on MiWEBA [2]• Deterministic components• LoS, Ground reflection, Near-wall reflection• Determined by the location of Tx and Rx in the surrounding
environmentTx• Random components• Reflection from far-away static objects
and random objects• Statistically modeled

Submission

Slide 20HTx

Tx

Rx

φL [2]
Open area model
Minseok Kim et al., Niigata UniversityRx

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Channel Parameters
Deterministic components• Loss is calculated by Friis
equation and Fresnel reflection
equation• AoA (Angle-of-arrival), AoD(Angle-of-departure) and delay
are determined by the locationof Tx and Rx
D-Ray

Random components• No Clusters, 𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐
• Cluster arrival rate, 𝜆𝜆• Cluster power-decay constant, 𝛾𝛾• Ray 𝐾𝐾 factor• AoA and AoD

LoS RayKτ0

Submission

1/λSlide 21

R-Ray Cluster
Powerτ0+τ1

R-Ray

time
Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Developed Channel Models
CM1CM2•

Existing open area model••

D-Ray: LoS and GR

Reflection from nearby buildings
are taken into account as D-Ray•

D-Ray: LoS, GR and single-bounce
reflections from near walls

Tx
Tx

HTx

Tx

Submission

Rx

HRx

φ
L [2]
Open area model

Rx
Rx

Slide 22

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Developed Channel Models• Statistical parameters of R-Ray were extracted fromray tracing simulations
RT sim (Ref. cnt <=3)
Randomly selected 305 MS points
Elimination of LoS
and GR

Removal of singlebounce wall reflection（>-10dB LoS)

RT sim（Ref. cnt<=1)

Bandwidth limit &Peak detection

BSR-RayParameterization
Submission

Slide 23

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Delay Domain Parameters
D-Ray• No. Clusters, 𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐

LoS RayK• Peak detection with -120 dB threshold

R-Ray Cluster
Power (Expdecay)

R-Ray• Delay parameters• Cluster delay, 𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘
Exponential distribution
𝑝𝑝 𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘 𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘−1 = 𝜆𝜆𝑒𝑒 −𝜆𝜆(𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘−𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘−1)

τ01/λ

τ0+τ1time

Structure of impulse response• Cluster arrival rate, λE Δ𝜏𝜏 = 1/𝜆𝜆

where Δ𝜏𝜏 = 𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘 − 𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘−1

Submission

Slideピーク検出例
24

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

遅延時間差の確率密度分布

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Delay Domain Parameters (Cont’d)
D-Ray• Impulse response

LoS RayK

𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐ℎ 𝜏𝜏 = � 𝛽𝛽𝑘𝑘 𝑒𝑒 j𝜃𝜃𝑘𝑘 𝛿𝛿(𝑡𝑡 − 𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘 )𝑘𝑘=1

𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘 : arrival time of the k-th cluster measured
from the arrival time of the LOS ray
𝛽𝛽𝑘𝑘 and 𝜃𝜃𝑘𝑘 : gain and phase of the k-th cluster

τ01/λR-Ray Cluster
Power (Expdecay)

R-Ray

τ0+τ1

Structure of impulse response• Average gain

𝛽𝛽𝑘𝑘2 ≡ 𝛽𝛽2 𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘 = 𝛽𝛽2 0 𝑒𝑒 −𝜏𝜏𝑘𝑘/𝛾𝛾2where 𝛽𝛽 2 0 = 𝛽𝛽LoS/𝐾𝐾2𝛽𝛽LoS: power gain of the LOS ray
𝐾𝐾: maximal ratio of LOS to NLOS component
𝛾𝛾 : power-decay constantSubmission

Slide 25

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata Universitytime

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Angular Domain Parameters(Cluster Angle)• Azimuth angle
100• Uniform distribution

LoSElevation• Elevation angle

R-Ray0GR• Uniform distribution-1000• Depends on Tx and Rx position
Normalized elevation angle𝜃𝜃 − 𝜃𝜃D0̂𝜃𝜃 =𝜃𝜃D0 − 𝜃𝜃G0150200250300MS position index

R-RayLoS0GR-1
050

100

150200250300MS position index

D0: Direct path
G0: Ground Reflection
Submission

1001Norm. Elevation•50Slideピーク検出例
26Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

遅延時間差の確率密度分布

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Angular Domain Parameters(Cluster Angle)
Azimuth of AoA

Elevation of AoA

0.02

40.01

2pdf

pdf

CM200-100

0-1

100

Elevation of AoD

0.02

20.01

1

pdf

pdf

1

Normalized Angle

Angle (degree)
Azimuth of AoD

00-1000-1

10001

Normalized Angle

Angle (degree)
Submission

0Slide 27

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Delay

Summary of R-Ray Parameters
CM1

CM230.03 ns-1
34 ns
9 dB

30.03 ns-1
45 ns
12.6 dB

ElevationNorm. Elevation
U[−0.52 : 0.11]

Norm. Elevation
U[−0.5 : 0.1]

U[-20 : 20°]

Azimuth

U[−100 :100 °]U[−110 : 110 °]U[−180 : 180 °]Elevation

Norm. Elevation
U[−0.29 : 0.68]

Norm. Elevation
U[−0.22 :0.71]

U[-20 : 20°]

U[−100 : 100 °]U[−110 : 110 °]U[−180 : 180 °]No. Clusters, 𝑁𝑁𝑐𝑐
Cluster arrival rate, λpower-decay constant, γ
K factor

Angle

AoA

AoD
AzimuthSubmission
Slide 28
[3] MiWEBA,FP7 ICT-2013-EU-Japan, http://www.miweba.eu

IEEE802.11ay[4]30.05 ns-1
15 ns
6 dB

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1

Summary• The dominant propagation mechanism in an outdoor
open area environment
Reflection: single-bounce (-16~-10dB), double-bounce (-19~-15 dB)
Diffraction (-17.25 dB)• Statistical parameters of R-Ray from ray tracing
simulation
 New model (CM2) considers the reflection from the nearby walls
as D-Ray• Future works Detail investigation of the objects causing non-specular reflection
 Further measurements and channel modeling
Submission

Slide 29

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University

March 2016

doc.: IEEE 802.11-16/0342r1References[1] MiWEBA, FP7 ICT-2013-EU-Japan, http://www.miweba.eu[2] METIS, FP7 ICT-317669-METIS, http://www.metis2020.eu[3] “Channel Models for 60 GHz WLAN Systems,” IEEE Document 802.11-09/0334r8,May 2010.
[4] “Channel Models for IEEE 802.11ay,” IEEE Document 802.11-15/1150r2, Sept. 2015.
[5] Minseok Kim, Karma Wangchuk, Shigenobu Sasaki, Kazuhiko Fukawa, Jun-ichi Takada,“Development of Low Cost Mm-Wave Radio Channel Sounder and Phase Noise
Calibration Scheme,” COST Action IC1004(EU), TD(15)12036, Jan. 2015 (Dublin,Ireland).
[6] Minseok Kim, Kento Umeki, Karma Wangchuk, Jun-ichi Takada, Shigenobu Sasaki,“Polarimetric Mm-Wave Channel Measurement and Characterization in a Small
Office,” Proc. PIMRC 2015, Aug. 2015.

Submission

Slide 30

Minseok Kim et al., Niigata University