"GFJ Commentary" introduces news analyses andopinions in Japan on the relations of Japan with therest of the world, but they do not represent the views ofGFJ as an institution.

October 31, 2016

A Feedback to the Trilateral Dialogue ofChina, Japan and South Korea
By IKEO Aiko
I attended the CJK (China, Japan, and Korea) Dialogue on the afternoon of
September 21, which was held in Tokyo under the auspices of the Global Forum of Japan(GFJ) and the Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS) of China, Japan, and South Korea.
The TCS is an intergovernmental organization which was founded in September 2011,
whose headquarters is located in Seoul. Trilateral cooperation among CJK began with thebreakfast meeting of their leaders during ASEAN+3 summit in 1999, as one of the pillars ofregional cooperation in North East Asia, and the CJK summit was held independently of
ASEAN+3 in 2008 (See “CJK Together 2016” by TCS). With a view to institutionalizing
mutual cooperation among the three nations permanently, the TCS processes various datasuch as those on the three economies and releases research reports, and its mission includes
cooperation with other international organizations including the ASEAN, the APEC, theUN, and the EU.
The trilateral dialogue began with the speeches by experts from member nations
and the Deputy Secretary General of the TCS in the opening session. The agendas are"Seeking Possibilities of Japan-China-ROK Trilateral Cooperation amid the Turbulence ofthe Global Politics" in the first session, and “Prospects of Japan-China-ROK Cooperation inthe Global Economy” in the second session. The conference minutes will appear on theGFJ’s website, and therefore, I would just like to give my own feedback. Quite noticeably,diplomats outside East Asia, particularly from Europe, attended this dialogue. While
globalization advances furthermore, each region faces its own challenges.
In the course of the first session, it appears that regionally characteristic challenges
that North East Asia faces have become clear. Experts on East Asia outside the region tend
to focus on China when they talk about this area. However, they should not overlook thefact that North Korea (DPRK) is located between China and South Korea. I would like tocall an attention to this point when we talk about East Asia. While people focus on thereunification of Korean Peninsula, they expect China to prevent nuclear proliferation toNorth Korea. But China has little incentive to stop North Korea’s nuclear project andmilitary buildup, and rather, it seems that they embrace the status quo. They worry that thesuspension of aid to North Korea would cause a huge refugee influx into China.
Nevertheless, they believe that trilateral cooperation is necessary to prepare forcontingency.
In the second session, it was stated that the trilateral cooperation had
institutionalized 60 areas since the foundation of the TCS. Meanwhile, the negotiation for
the CJK-FTA (China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement) has been suspended. South Korea
is keenly interested in the TPP (Trans Pacific Partnership), following the FTAs with the EU
and the United States. Japan must see what happens after TPP talks are concluded, andthink of an FTA with the EU. Regarding the RCEP (Regional Comprehensive EconomicPartnership), China joins the talk. Indeed, international trade has spectacularly favorable
effects on us. This is typically seen in the changes through China’s open up policy reform.
Not just goods, but services, information, and knowledge have been brought from overseas.
We can hardly imagine a world without trade, but we should not deteriorate working
conditions and natural environments. That is why the ILO was established in 1919 toimprove working conditions through international policy coordination; the GATT wasfound to reduce tariff and non-tariff trade barriers, which has developed into the WTO;
and the Paris Agreement was reached in late 2015 to improve natural environments andprevent global warming. Also, it is hardly conceivable that the world stays unchanged
despite technological progress. Patent and intellectual property rights were established, inorder to protect individual or corporate invention, and creativity. If poorly managed large
state owned enterprises expand their export by subsidies, laborers working for efficientprivate companies abroad will lose their jobs. Ever since world trade began to grow rapidly,intergovernmental talks have set common rules in trade and economic activities. I hope theCJK-FTA talk will resume as early as possible, and South Korea will play a vital role toadvance the trilateral negotiations, since it hosts TCS headquarters.
(This is the English translation of an article written by IKEO Aiko, Professor of Waseda
University, which originally appeared on the e‐Forum “Giron-Hyakushutsu (HundredViews in Full Perspective)” of GFJ on September 22, 2016.)