FLS2010報告
中村典雄(ISSP)、羽島良一(JAEA)、西森信行(JAEA)、宮島司(KEK)

概要
• 名称
48th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light
Source• 開催日・場所
March 1 – 5, 2010, SLAC NaMonal Accelerator Laboratory• 目的
to review and discuss modern accelerator‐based light sources
for wavelengths ranging from the Infrared to X‐rays.
• 参加人数
総計225名（各WG内訳：ScienMﬁc needs 24名、Storage ring 31
名、ERL 12名、FEL 51名、Gun 36名、DiagnosMcs 27
名、Undulator&BL 18名、Novel source 26名）
日本人 8名（KEK 2名, JAEA 2名, ISSP 1名, RIKEN 2名, JASRI 1名）

ワークショップ会場

Plenary talk: Panofsky Auditorium, ERL WG: Redwood Room Cワークショップ写真

Panofsky Auditorium

Cafeteria

Stanford Guest House

Excursion

主催者側によるワークショプ関係の写真は、近々ウェブ上に掲載予定。

プログラムWG3プログラム(1)WG3プログラム(2)ERL WG Summary

Summary of ERL WG

Conveners
Ryoichi Hajima
Georg Hoffstaetter
March 5, 2010.
ERL WG

1

Working Group Overview	 Project Status Updatereports from 5 projects

 Performance & Operation modes High-rep. Guns (Joint Session with Gun WG)
 FEL in ERLs (Joint Session with FEL WG)
 Injector & SRF
 Miscellaneous Subjects	

ERL WG

2

Status of Cornell’s ERL ProjectWorking modes: current, emittances, energy spread, bunch lengthA)

100mA,

30/30pm, 2.e-4,

2ps

B)

25mA,

8/ 8pm, 2.e-4,

2ps

C)

25mA,

300/10pm, 2.e-3,

1ps in South, 100fs in North beamlines

The option of large bunch charge (1nC) with low repetition rate (100kHz),
without energy recovery, up to 1nC for studying XFELO, HGHG FELs, etc.

Wilson Lab
Accelerator
company
X-ray
user
area
Cooling andcryogenics

Architects
Cryogenic
companies
Tunneling
consultants
Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Source Workshop 2010.

04 March 2010

Status	
  of	
  the	  ERL	
  Project	
  in	
  Japan	  ERL	
  Project	
  KEK	
  site	• Compact	
  ERL	  (ﬁnal	  version	
  :	
  2	
  loop,	
  245	
  MeV,	
  100	
  mA)	  • Two-­‐loop	
  5-­‐GeV	  ERL	
  and	
  7.5-­‐GeV	  XFEL-­‐O	
  5GeV	
  ERL	
  

R&D	
  on	
  Key	  Components	
  • 500-­‐kV	  DC	
  photocathode	
  gun	
  with	  a	
  segmented	
  insulator	  • Test	  injector	
  beamline	
  and	
  drive	
  laser	  system	  • SC	
  caviXes	
  for	
  both	  injector	
  and	
  main	  linacs	  	
  Compact	
  ERL	
  (cERL)	

Compact	
  ERL	  (cERL)	
  • OpXcs	
  design	
  and	
  error	
  eﬀects	
  of	
  cERL	
  studied	
  • East	  Counter	
  Hall	  renewed	
  as	
  cERL	
  building	  • Commissioning	
  (1	
  loop,	
  35MeV,	
  10mA)	
  	  	
  planned	
  in	
  FY2012	
  
ERL WG

Compact	
  ERL	

4

Status	
  of	
  the	  ERL	
  Projects	
  at	
  BNL	  R&D	
  ERL	  at	  BNL:	
  500	
  mA,	  20	  MeV,	
  SRF	
  injector,	
  advanced	
  state	  of	
  construcEon	
  

2	
  

4	
  

3	
  

5	
  

1	
  
1. The	  ERL	
  vault,	
  showing	
  the	  SRF	  cavity	
  and	
  some	  of	
  the	
  magnets.	
  2.	
  The	
  704	
  MHz	
  5-­‐cell	  20	
  MeV	  cavity	
  with	  single-­‐mode	
  properEes.	
  3.	
  The	
  superconducEng	
  2	
  MeV	
  500	  mA	  guns.	
  4.	
  The	
  load-­‐lock	
  mulEalkaline	
  photocathode	
  system.	
  5.	
  6	
  waV	
  green	
  beam	  laser.	
  	  JLab Conversion to JLAMP
4	
  steps	
  600	
  MeV,	
  	  2	
  pass	
  acceleraXon	
  200	
  pC,	  1	  mm	
  mrad	  injector	
  
Up	
  to	
  4.68	
  MHz	  CW	  repeXXon	  rate	  RecirculaXon	
  and	
  energy	
  recovery	
  
10	
  eV	
  –	
  100	  eV	  fundamental	
  output,	  	  	  harmonics	
  to	
  2nm	  	
  • Pulse	
  widths	
  down	
  to	
  50	
  fs	
  
•
•
•
•
•
•

3	
  

1	
  

2	
  

2	
  

4	
  

ALICE	  Project	
  Status	
  Update	  • Commissioning	
  2009/10	
  1st	
  Compton	
  X-­‐rays	  – Achieved	
  1st	
  THz	  in	
  DiagnosEcs	
  Room	  – 1st	  Compton	
  ScaVering	  – CharacterisaEon	
  of	
  beam	  – Some	  RF	
  condiEoning	
  &	
  opEmisaEon	
  Spontaneous	
  IR	
  

• FEL	
  commissioning	
  Feb	  10	  
 Future	
  experiments	
  
–

–

–

World’s	
  1st	
  ns-­‐FFAG	
  Accelerator	
  science	  R&D	  
 FEL	
  lasing	
   EMMA	
  etc...	
  Photon	  science	  R&D	  	
  CW	
  high	  current	  module	   THz	
  Essue	
  culture	
  lab	  
 IR	
  and	
  THz	
  pump	
  probe	  etc...	
  Technology	
  development	   InternaEonal	
  cryomodule	   Gun	
  upgrade	  etc......	
  Load	
  lock	  cathode	
  exp.	
  
ERL WGLive	
  Essue	
  exp.	
  Susan Smith STFC Daresbury Laboratory

7

BERLinPro: An ERL demonstration facility at the HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM BERLIN

BERLinPro: ERL demonstration facility @ Berlin-Adlershof
Goal: 1.3GeV, 100MeV, 100mA, small emittance, short bunches
Explore limits of ERL, show different operational modes
Gun: Funded, staged approach
Beam dynamics  Cathode infrastructure  High current
Merger: Studies show: C-chicane does the job–Higher order dispersion is an issue–Lower limit on bunch length after merger depends on current and energy spread–Emittance depends on bunch length: Remaining compression factors in recirculator < 10
–Lambertson Magnet considered as last merger dipole: saves chicane for high energy beam
Path length control:
Most probably in arc, trajectory elongation in central dipole byoutside deflection of the beam
Cryogenic plant
Too little space for shielding above groundConsider construction underground
Benefit: reduced vibrations and temperaturefluctuations at comparable costs
March, 1st, 2010, Bettina Kuske, FLS 2010, SLAC, USA

8

Comparison of APS-upgrade to ERL@APS	
APS-upgrade may include- 2ps X-ray by crab cavity- short-period SC undulators- long straights (7.7m)- higher current (150 mA)- lower coupling (8 pm)	

APS-U is a cost-effective approach

ERL@APS- 2-pass 7-GeV linac- 50-m straights at TAA- 0.1 mm-mrad, 25 mA

shorter pulse, higher flux and brightness
relative low risk

ERL@APS makes spectacular promises, butmultiple show-stoppers  significant R&D required
not much enthusiasm from APS users

APS-U does nothing to preclude ERL@APS
 ANL also keeping XFELO and USR in mind

ERL WG

9

XFELO in ERL	Hard X-ray ERL can accommodate XFELO.
 0.1nm-XFELO is feasibly realized at







5-GeV ERL with velocity bunching
7.5-GeV beam from a 2-loop 5-GeV ERLIn the Japanese collaboration, XFELO is considered as apart of 5-GeV hard X-ray ERL. 	
ERL WG

10

Studies	
  of	
  compact	
  ERL	
  injector	
  in	
  Japan	
•

•
•

Beam	
  dynamics	
  simulaEon	
  for	  the	
  compact	
  ERL	  (cERL)	
  has	  been	
  carried	
  out	
  using	
  3D	
  space	
  charge	
  parEcle	  tracking	  code.	
  	
  – For	
  high	  current	  mode	  with	
  80	
  pC/bunch,	
  we	
  obtained	
  the	
  minimum	
  emiVance	
  of	
  0.56	
  mm	
  mrad	  with	  the	  bunch	
  length	
  of	
  0.63	
  mm.	
  with	  the	
  gun	  voltage	  of	
  500	
  kV.	  
– For	  XFEL-­‐O	
  with	  20	
  pC/bunch,	
  so	
  far,	
  we	
  have	  obtained	
  the	
  minimum	
  emiVance	
  of	
  0.13	
  mm	
  mrad	  with	  the	  bunch	
  length	
  of	
  0.6	  mm	  and	  the	
  gun	  voltage	  of	
  600	
  kV.	  To	  evaluate	
  performance	
  of	
  the	  DC	  guns,	  we	
  are	
  developing	
  the	  gun	
  test	  beamline	
  in	
  the	
  PF-­‐AR	
  south	  experimental	
  hall,	
  KEK.	
  	  	  From	  the	
  early	
  part	  of	
  March,	
  we	
  are	
  going	
  to	
  start	  beam	  running	
  in	
  the	
  gun	
  test	  beamline	
  using	
  NPES3	
  200kV	  DC	
  photo	  cathode	
  gun.	
  Gun test area in PF-AR south hall, KEK	

Layout	  of	
  cERL	
  injector	
  beamline	

Bunch length vs. emittance	Preliminary	  results	Layout of gun test beamline	

Laser	
  system	Beam	
  line	  to	
  develop	
  diagnosEcs	
  system	  	
  with	  emiVance	
  and	
  bunch	  Test	
  area	  for	
   length	
  measurement	
  systems	
500	
  kV	
  gun	
NPES3,	
  200	  kV	  gun	  transferred	
  from	  Nagoya	  university	
  at	
  May	
  2009.	
ERL	
  WG	

11	

Update on CW SRF at JLAB	CEBAF 12 GeV upgrade ramping up (10 CM’s in 2 years)
 Cavity performance encouraging with EP or large grain
 better Q0 pulls down ERL cost
 JLAMP/FEL, SRF guns, high-current cavity.
 Large 2K cryogenic plant are getting more efficient

EP after BCP
on 1.5 GHz cavity	

JLAB Large grain LL cavity
with just BCP and 120-C bake	

ERL WG

12

BBU: Collective Instabilities

Higher Order Modes• Beam-Breakup instability is well understood and simulations
corrspond to measurements at the JLAB ERL. BBU studies
therefore do not require another test ERL.
• Cavity shapes can and have to be optimized so that the BBU
threshold becomes insensitive to cavity construction errors.
Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Source Workshop 2010.

04 March 2010

HOM Absorber	










Material of absorber ferrite (New IB004-1) for KEK/JAEA main linac
 Carbon nanotube for Cornell main linac
Frequency range to be covered We need to manage high-frequency component(>100GHz) additional installation of XFEL-type HOM absorber
may help
Manufacturing Study needed Effects of thermal cycle and design to avoid cracking
 hot isostatic press seems promising
Magnetization
 No problem, so far.
Conductivity to avoid charge up
 Carbon nanotube seems to be conductive in low temp.
ERL WG14

2-Loop ERL Concerns: OK, Challenge

5GeV 2-Loop ERL	KEK	Cornell	

1. Space charge forces for superimposed beams and emittance growth.
2. Intra beam scattering between superimposed beams and halo/background creation.
3. Increasing Higher Order Mode (HOM) power for separated bunches.
4. More sophisticated Beam spectrum and RF control.
5. Tighter orbit and return time tolerances.
6. Limits of orbit corrections for 4 simultaneous beams.
7. Linac optics for 4 simultaneous beams.
8. Reduced Beam-Breakup (BBU) tolerances, esp. with cavity errors.
9. Reduced effectiveness of polarized cavities and coupled optics for fighting the BBU instability.
10. Impedance budget and increased energy spread.
Depending on environment, the challenges can be worth the potential savings or not.
Cornell: increased tunnel and building needs for two turns make risk not worth taking.
KEK: because of space limitations, a two turn ERL seems to have a benefit.
Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Source Workshop 2010.

04 March 2010

Operation Modes for Hard X-ray ERL (Cornell)	
Energy recovered modes
Modes:(A)Flux

One pass(B)
Coherence(C)
Short-Pulse(D)High charge

Units

Energy

5

5

5

5

GeV

Current

100

25

100

0.1

mA

Bunch charge

77

19

77

1000

pC

Repetition rate

1300

1300

1300

0.1

MHz

Norm. emittance

0.3

0.08

1

5.0

mm
mrad

Geom. emittance

31

8.2

103

1022

pm

Rms bunch length

2000

2000

100

50

fs

Relative energy spread

0.2

0.2

1

3

10-3

Beam power

500

125

500

0.5

MW

ERL WG

16

Average Spectral Brightness for Hard X-ray ERL	

Exceedingly large average
spectral brightness is one
large advantage for ERLs,
but by far not the only one.

ERL WG17

Summary of Advantages for ERLs	

ERLs have unique capabilities and many advantages over rings:a) Large currents for Linac quality beamsb) Continuous beams with flexible bunch structurec) Small emittances for round beams[similar transverse properties have recently been proposed for 3km long rings]d) Openness to future improvements[today’s rings can also be improved, improvements bejond ring performances
mentioned under c) may be harder to imagine]e) Small energy spreada) Variable Opticsb) Short bunches, synchronized and simultaneous with small emittances
The breadth of science and technology enabled is consequently very large
and the ERL will be a resource for a very broad scientific community.
X-ray ERLs are at the beginning of a development sequence, whereas
decades have brought x-ray rings to the end of their development.
ERL WG

18

Operation Modes for Other Types of ERLs	
Modes:

THz

Energy100MeV<E<1G
eV

Current>1mA

Bunch charge

Compton gamma

Compton x-ray

Seeding FEL>300MeV>25MeV for IR
laser for 10keV>2GeV HHG for
Sxr>5GeV forselfseeding Hxr ?

>1mA

Large?

kA peakCavity length as longas possible

As large as pos

As high as pos<1MHz if echoenhanced

Repetition rate

for 75MHz

Therefore as low as
possible

As low as pos forgiven current

Norm. emittance

γλ/4π	

λLaser /4π	

γλ/4π for beam
matching

Geom. emittanceλ/4π	

λLaser /4π/γ	

Rms bunch length<100fs< hourglass> Energy spread if
applicable

Relative energy
spreadTo recover

1.e-9, thus as small
as possible orcorresponding toemittance
ERL WG< hourglass

Somewhat > 30fs+- 20fs jitter laser
lengthSlice over 30fs
seed as small as
possible.
19

We appreciate all the contributions
to the ERL WG, and thearrangement by WS Organizers.

ICFA have approved ERL-11 WS.
See you at Tsukuba Japan in fall2011.	ERL WG

20

Joint Sessions（抜粋）

JAEA/KEK DC gun for ERLs
N. Nishimori, R. Nagai, R. Hajima
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

M. Yamamoto, T. Miyajima, T. Muto, Y. Honda
KEK

H. Iijima, M. Kuriki
Hiroshima University

M. Kuwahara, S. Okumi, T. Nakanishi
Nagoya Univiersity

Mar. 2, 2010

SLAC

1

Development of a 500 kV photocathode DC gun at JAEA
HV terminal
segmented
insulator

low emi\ance: <=1 mm‐mrad (normalized)
beam current: >=10 mA

 High DC voltage >= 500kV
 CockCroW Walton power supply
 Segmented insulator with guard rings
 High voltage tesNng

support rod

 Electrodes and vacuum

gun chamber
cathodeanode
NEG pumps

 Cathode and anode electrodes Low outgassing material (Ntanium) NEG pumps

electron beam
4Mar. 2, 2010SLAC

High Brightness, HVDC,
Photoemission Electron Gun
Development at Cornell
Charlie Sinclair
Cornell University

10.3.11

FLS 2010

1

Segmented Ceramic

750 kVterminal

10.3.11

FLS 2010

9

750 kV, 100 mA HVPS
• Insulating coretransformer technology• 62 circuit boards, eachdelivering 100 mA at 12.5
kV, stacked in series –24 pf total capacitance• Pressurized SF6
insulation• External high power, highfrequency (~ 100 kHz)drive and control circuitry
10.3.11

FLS 2010

11

Photocathode Performance• Cathodes to date have been
GaAs, cleaned by atomic
hydrogen and heating, andactivated with Cs and NF3• Initial QEs of 12-15% at 520
nm, with lifetime limited only byion back bombardment• Cathode changes, every
several weeks, take about ½
hour,
with
no
droppedpucks
GaAs wafer, anodized
at large radius, indium • Maximum current to date 20
mA DC in test lab, 8 mA withsoldered to Mo Puck
1.3 GHz RF structure
10.3.11

FLS 2010

13

High Power 1.3 GHz Laser• Operated for ~ 5 hours
at 20 W green, and forvery extended times at
15 W green• Measured 53%transmission fromlaser output to gun
entrance window
10.3.11

FLS 2010

15

ACTUAL 1.3 GHz Green Laser
Commercial 1.3 GHz
harmonically modelocked Yb-doped fiber
oscillator

λ= 1040 nm
14 mW, 11 pj
20 ps

Yb-doped, large
mode area, double
clad fiber amplifier
44 W
34 nj

10.3.11

LBO
SHG

17 W
13 nj

7 mW, 5.5pj
2 ps
Pulse
Compressor

200 mW
150 pj,2 ps

Isolator

Yb-doped single
mode fiber
pre-amplifier

To GunBirefringent
crystal shaper
FLS 2010

Aperture17

Measured GaAs Thermal
Emittance vs. Wavelength

10.3.11

FLS 2010

21

GaAs Temporal Response vs.
Wavelength
Wavelength (nm)Gun Voltage (kV)Temporal Response (ps)

860

200
250

76 +/‐ 26
69 +/‐ 22

785

200
250

11.5 +/‐ 1.2
9.3 +/‐ 1.1

710

200
250

5.8 +/‐ 0.5
5.2 +/‐ 0.5

520

250

<1

460

250

<0.14

10.3.11

FLS 2010

22

Summary
FLS2010 FEL Working GroupPart II

Joe Bisognano/Kwang-Je Kim

1

9At KEK

Hajima10

Many FELs in an ERL

Orsubharmonic
seeding11
DouglasRecirculation in NLS Summary
Seeded FEL Output
Single pass V Recirc.

22.5m

17.5m

Also a presentation from M Borland

Susan Smith STFC Daresbury Lab

Personal Highlights/Biases
 FELs in ERLs
 Workable but not necessary for FELs, since average current low
 RF separation or seeding at subharmonic frequency to allow
several FELs Layout of user experiments needs to be better considered Low power beam dumps an attraction
 Simultaneous incoherent ERLing with FEL operation an open
question Recirculation to save costs Two pass recirculation seems to survive CSR and beam quality
preserved well enough Bunch compression harder, doesn’t look as good as single pass andmay be problematic (but looks good enough to lase) Cost savings of ~30 % for linac; 10 % for facility; is this worth it?
37(on the other hand 10 % of $1 billion is nontrivial)

XFEL-O（抜粋）

48th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources
March 1-5, 2010, SLAC, Menlo Park, California

XFELO X-ray Cavity
Feasibility Studies
Yuri Shvyd’ko
-

e

M1

undulator

M2

C1

C4

C2

x-raysC3

XFELO Technical Challenges

-

e

M1

undulator

M2
D

2
2

H

H

B

X-ray Optics:

C• Quality of diamond crystals:• is the theoretical reflectivity achievable?
• Heat load problem: reflection region variations . 1 meV.
• Angular stability: δθ . 10 nrad (rms)• Spatial stability: δL . 3 µm (rms) →δL/L . 3 × 10−8

• Radiation damage
Yu. Shvyd’ko

FLS2010, SLAC,

March 1, 2010

H

x-raysA

ERL vs Ultimate Ring
（抜粋）

Overview of Ring-Based X-ray
SourcesMichael Borland
Argonne National Laboratory
March 2010

The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne
National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Sciencelaboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government
retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide
license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, andperform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.

Brightness of a Few Present and Planned Rings






APS curve assumes existing 2.4m long U27
Assume maximum length SCU20 (future 1.25T device1)
Used best published electron beam parameters, with 1% couplingFirst three harmonics shown only
1
R. Dejus, private communication.
Overview of Ring-Based X-ray Sources, M. Borland, FLS2010
5Brightness Comparison

Maximum-length SCU20 (Nb3Sn wire)
APS: 100mA, 1.3% coupling, 3.8 m device
USR7: 300mA, 100% coupling, 8.0 m device
ERL7: 25mA, “high-coherence” parameters, 48m device
Overview of Ring-Based X-ray Sources, M. Borland, FLS2010

Computed with sddsbrightness (H. Shang, R. Dejus, M. Borland)18

Transverse Coherence Comparison

Overview of Ring-Based X-ray Sources, M. Borland, FLS2010
19

Flux Comparison

Maximum-length SCU20 (Nb3Sn wire)
APS: 100mA, 1.3% coupling, 3.8 m device
USR7: 300mA, 100% coupling, 8.0 m device
ERL7: 25mA, “high-coherence” parameters, 48m device
Overview of Ring-Based X-ray Sources, M. Borland, FLS2010

Computed with sddsfluxcurve (M. Borland, R. Dejus, H. Shang)
20

Isn't an ERL Better?
Performance Measure

Advantage

Comment

High transverse coherence

ERL

ERL has emittance and matching advantage

High average flux

USR7

ERL needs very long undulators and high current,
not very plausible

High average brightness

Similar

Assuming 48m undulators in ERL, extremely small
emittances

Wide tunability

ERL?

Can gaps really be smaller in ERL (impedance)?

Short bunch length

ERL++

Who cares at 1.3 GHz?

Useful repetition rate

Similar

USR7 slightly more flexible

High stability

USR7

ERL has additional sources of jitter

Less R&D

USR7++

Less risk

USR7++

Lower construction cost

USR7

For same number of beamlines

Lower operating cost

USR7+

Large cryoplant for ERL

Higher reliability

USR7++

Large cryoplant, many rf systems for ERL

USR+FELs is a better strategy than ERL+FELs
Overview of Ring-Based X-ray Sources, M. Borland, FLS2010
22

1

R&D toward an ERL
Georg Hoffstaetter
Cornell Physics Dept. / CLASSE
Cornell’s ERL team

CW linac R&D
DC-gun R&D
SRF injector R&D
Undulator R&D

Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Sources Workshop 2010

2 March 2010

24

Summary of Advantages for Hard X-Ray ERLs
X-ray ERLs have unique capabilities and many advantages over rings:a) Large currents for Linac quality beamsb) Continuous beams with flexible bunch structurec) Small emittances for round beamsd) Openness to future improvementse) Small energy spreadf) Variable Opticsg) Short bunches, synchronized and simultaneous with small
emittances
The breadth of science and technology enabled is consequently very large
and the ERL will be a resource for a very broad scientific community.
X-ray ERLs are at the beginning of a development sequence, whereas
decades have brought x-ray rings to the end of their development.
Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Sources Workshop 2010

2 March 2010

26

Energy Recovery Projects: (A) low energy

5GeV ERL Upgrade for CESR

•ALICE as THz source, IR-FEL,
and Compton scattering source• JLAMP: unparalleled average
brightness for 10-100eV photons.
600MeV by 2 pass ERL, pulsesof 50fs, 200pC/1µm for HHG-FEL

Other Energy Recovery concepts• Extension in energy of BINP FEL/ERL• BerlinPro test ERL• BNL test ERL&coherent electron colling• Medium Energy Electrion Ion Collider• ERL for eRHIC Electrion Ion Collider• ERL for LHeC
Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Sources Workshop 2010

2 March 2010

27

The Compact ERL for Demonstrating ERL
Technologies at KEK
Before constructing large-scale ERL facility, we need to demonstrate thegeneration of ultra-low emittance beams using developed key devices.

Compact ERLParameters of the Compact ERLParameters
Beam energy

35 - 245 MeV

Average current

10 - 100 mA

Normalized
emittance

0.1 - 1 mm·mrad

Bunch length(rms)

1 - 3 ps (usual)~ 100 fs (with B.C.)

RF frequency

1.3 GHz

East Counter Hall

Status:

Clearing 10,000 tons of concrete shields inthe East Counter Hall has almost been
finished.



Refurbishments of the building, coolingwater plant, and electric substation havealmost been finished.



Installation of liquid-Helium refrigerator(cooling capacity: 600 W) has almost been
finished.



Installations of rf source (single station) andclean room for SCC development havealmost been finished.

27
Georg H. Hoffstaetter

100 m Sources Workshop 2010
Future Light

2 March 2010

34

JAEA / HV testing of a 500-kV DC gun
Field distribution of the 500-kV gun 500 kV for 8 hours without any discharge
1200
HV terminal
segmented insulator

height (mm)

1000

800

600

400

current through resistors

radiation level is within the background.
no clear evidence for dark current.

6.8 MV/m on
the guard rings

8.3 MV/m on
the support rod
200

gun chamber

014.3 MV/m on
the nose of support rod-200(the HV testing was done
without a cathode electrode)
0

200

400

600 radius (mm)R. Nagai et al., to be published in Rev. Sci. Instr.
Talk by N. Nishimori for more details.

Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Sources Workshop 2010

2 March 201031

Technical challenges of CW linacs:
International CW cryomodule collaboration

Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Sources Workshop 2010

2 March 2010

35

Cornell Injector prototype:
Verification of beam productiondump

CW coupler

HOM absorb.

gun

SC injector

diagnostics

Dressed cavity

Georg H. Hoffstaettergun

Future Light Sources Workshop 2010

2 March 2010

38

Beam properties at the cathodeAre transported through the accelerator,
measured in a fixed slit phase spacemeasuring system, and comparedwith simulations.

Fixed slits phase space measurements• Corrector coils for beam scanning• 10 micron precision slits• 1 kW beam power handling

From Phys. Rev. ST-AB 11, 100703 (2008)

Understanding of emittances

Good agreement with theory gives
confidence that the very small simulated
emittances can be achieved.
Georg H. Hoffstaetter

Future Light Sources Workshop 2010

2 March 2010

FEL
（抜粋）

Future Performance of the
LCLS
J. Welch for many*
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

FLS 2010, ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources, March 1-5, 2010. SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo Park, California

Injector concept
enclosureexists at sector 10

3-7 GeV

RF
gun-2

RF
gun-1

3-7 GeV bypass line

undulator

L0

L02

3-15 GeV
X

L12

X

BC12 L22 BC22

existing
sector 11

L32

L1

BC1

FACET wall
sector 14

L2

BC2

L3

undulator

existing
sector 21

sector 24

und. hall• A second injector provides for two simultaneous FEL beams
with independently adjustable parameters• Two independent e- beams allows x-ray pump, x-ray probewith decoupled wavelength, pulse width, energy and timing
constraints

FEL Concept• Baseline: One hard xray beam and one twocolor, two-pulse, variable delay beam; e- beamlases twice.
variable delayecho?
3-7 GeVSXR1 polarization
Variable

SXR2 polarization
Variable

Self seeding

3-15 GeV

HXR

SHAB

K=3.5K=3.5

K=2.26

0.5 - 10 keV

two color
0.2 - 2 keVpolarization

1.6- 16 keV
J. Wu, Self Seeding
H.D. Nuhn, Undulator parameters

Lessons from FLASH
FLASH
UpgradeFLASH II
Lessons
Siegfried Schreiber
DESY
FLS 2010
SLAC
1-6 March 2010

FLASH.
Free-Electron Laser
in Hamburg

FLASH.

Summary Upgrade 2009 / 2010

Free-Electron Laser
in Hamburg> Upgrade shutdown started September-21, 2009
> Technical commissioning started February-15, 2010
> First beam expected in April, user runs to be started in late summer 2010
exchanged
RF stations

3rd harmonic module+ RF station

additional RF station +exchanged RF station

seeding experiment sFLASH +redesigned electron beamline

upgraded photon
diagnostics andbeamlines
new RF gun

exchanged 1st
accelerating module

new diode pumped
photocathode laser;
upgraded old laser
systemnew cabling/layout
injector llrf electronics
installation of a second
master oscillator (as backup)

7th accelerating module

transverse deflecting cavity +spectrometer arm / tuning dump

exchanged injector
steerers

upgradedmagnet controls

maintenance of infrastructure:
water supplies, cryogenics

new synchronizationand feedback systems

optimized llrf
controls

improved survey and alignment ofaccelerator components(incl. SASE undulators)

upgraded and optimized
waveguide distribution

upgraded personnel interlock
und radiation safety systems

Siegfried Schreiber | FLS 2010 - SLAC | 1 Mar 2010

FLASH.

FLASH II layout

Free-Electron Laser
in Hamburg> Main features: Seeding and polarized radiation> Extend user capacity with SASE and HHG/HGHG seeding> Tunability of FLASH II by moveable undulator gap> Using existing infrastructure> Separation FLASH and FLASH II behind last accelerator module
sFLASH

Diagnostics Accelerating Structures
Bunch
Compressor
5 MeV 160 MeV

Bunch
Compressor
500 MeV

Undulators
Bypass1200 MeV

FEL
Experiments

315 m

Siegfried Schreiber | FLS 2010 - SLAC | 1 Mar 2010

Progress at the XFELs in Europe and Japan
Hans-H. Braun, PSI

48th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources
March 1-5, 2010
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

XFELs overview

Project

StatusFirst
LasingFLASH

running

2005(2000 TTF)

λmin

Drivertechnology(main linac)

Overall
length

1.2 GeV50 Å

Pulsed SC
1.3 GHz

315 m

Te-

FERMI@ELETTRA

construction

2010

1.8 GeV30 ÅPulsed NC
3.0 GHz

375 m

SCSS

construction

2011

8 GeV

1Å

Pulsed NC
5.7 GHz

750 m

European XFEL

construction

2015

17.5 GeV

1Å

Pulsed SC
1.3 GHz

3400 mSPARX

Waiting for
approval

2015 ?

2.4 GeV5Å

Pulsed NC
2.85 GHz

500 m

SwissFEL

Waiting for
approval

2016 ?

5.8 GeV1Å

Pulsed NC
5.7 GHz

715 m

NLS

Waiting for
approval?

2.25 GeV

12 Å

C.W. SC
1.3 GHz660 m

Novel Sources（抜粋）Prospects for Laser Plasma Accelerator
Driven Light Sources
Wim Leemans
and members and collaboratorsof the LOASIS Program
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

FLS2010SLAC
March 1 – 5, 2010
http://loasis.lbl.gov/

Typical experimental set-up for gas jet
experiments: ~ 100 MeV beams
10 TW laser => 100 MeV e-beam

C. G. R. Geddes et al, Nature,431, p538 (2004);
S.P.D. Mangles et al,; J. Faure et al., ibid

5

Channel Guided Laser Plasma
Accelerators – 2006 result
40 TW laser => 1 GeV e-beam
Experimental set-up

W.P. Leemans et. al, Nature Physics 2, p696 (2006)

6Undulator based diagnostic underdevelopment

 Undulator from Boeing corp.
 Measure beam properties bylooking at radiation properties

GeV module
13

Areas of improvement in LPA
performance for various applications
THz!

X-rays!
FEL! Gamma(betatron)! (XUV)!
rays!

FEL!
(X-rays)!

Collider!

✓!
✓!
✓!

✓
✓!
✓!

✓

✓

"

"

"

"

"

"

✓

✓

✓

"

Charge!

✓!

✓!

✓

"

✓

"

Bunch
duration!

✓!

✓!

✓

✓

✓

✓

Avg.
power!

"

"

"

"

"

"

Energy!
ΔE/E!

ε	✓: OK as is
: increase needed
: decrease needed24Performance Metrics（抜粋）Performance Metrics of
Future Light Sources
Robert Hettel, SLAC
ICFA FLS 2010
March 1, 2010http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/aboutssrl/documents/future-x-rays-09.pdf

special acknowledgment to John Corlett, LBNL, and Terry Anderson, SLAC

Spectral Brightness

Photons per “Coherence Volume”

Photons/Coherence Volume
1.0E+13

photons/coherence vol

1.0E+11FELs

1.0E+09
1.0E+07
1.0E+05
1.0E+03
1.0E+01rings

1.0E-01
1.0E-03
1.0E-05
1.0E-07
10

100

1000
photon energy (eV)

10000

100000Diffraction-Limited EmittanceDiffraction limit:

εph = λ/4π

Energy Bandwidth vs. Pulse Length∆t⋅∆E = 0.33 x 10-3
[ps(rms)⋅eV (rms)]
for aussian pulse