A Critical Societal Need
To obtain sustainable and safe energy
supply with least environmental impact
Yogesh Jaluria
Rutgers University, USA
Energy: Generation/Conversion, Distribution, storage, Utilization
Environment: Heat Dissipation, Nuclear Waste, Greenhouse Gases
Safety and Security: Accidents, Disruption, Uncertainties, breakdown

Challenges for Thermal Sciences• Renewable sources: Materials processing (PV), stand-alone
systems, system design• Energy storage: Thermal, batteries, chemical reactions• Recovery of waste heat: Regeneration, energy utilization• System optimization and efficiency: Thermal systems,components, processes, simulation, design• Global climate change: Melting polar caps, storms, drought,
large fires, modeling, experimental data
• Important time scales: Daily, seasonal, annual, long-term• Greenhouse effect: Carbon sequestration, emission
reduction• Sustainability: Ecology, economics, politics, resources• Security and Safety: Modeling of different scenarios,
experimental data, back-up systems

Further Work Needed••••••••••••

Energy storage
Efficiency of small independent systems
Reduction in consumption
Optimization, efficiency
Waste heat utilization
Cost reduction in materials processing
Climate change and its effects
Local environmental effects
Modeling and experimental data for global warming
Sustainability
Safety and security of systems and supply
Bring these aspects into educational programs

Environmental Effect of Thermal
Discharge to a Water Body365
 q"surfacedt  Qrejected0
Relatively small temperature changes
Effect on natural cycle
Effect on transport processes
Effect on bio-organisms

Must work with environmental scientists to determine biological effects

Energy Consumption in Data CenterCooling

Seattle, 100% Utilization, January

Sketch of a Data Center

Princeton, 100% Utilization,
AugustMust work on load distribution for
50% Utilization substantial reduction in consumption

25 % Utilization
Temperature Distributions

Safety Issues with Fires, Explosions andOther Accidents

Important to consider different scenarios to prepare for safety and security

Funding and Control• Federal Government: Renewable sources, climate change, grid
safety, nuclear safety, accidents, sustainability. Thermal science
researchers should strive to influence policies and regulations.
• Local and State: Environmental issues, energy needs, clean
energy, education, local policies.
• Industry: Material processing, efficiency, waste heat recovery,power plan safety, improvement of existing systems, delivery.
Thermal scientists must work with industry for impact.
• Academia: Research, long-term issues, education and training.
• Research Direction: Must justify research in terms of societal
needs, explain long range goals and benefits to society.
Promotion procedures must consider impact on society.

Role of Thermal Science Research••••••••••

Use existing and future research to guide use of fossil fuels
Advise on basic and practical changes needed for greater use ofrenewable sources
Advise on funding to improve efficiency, thus reducing consumption
and costs
Play a leading role in looking at global energy needs and climatechangeModify existing education programs to bring these issues to theforefront, linking research to important applications
Articulate research areas of greatest need, such as energy storage, PV
fabrication and carbon sequestration
Collaborate with industry and government for safety and security
issues, playing a crucial or leading role
Help in formulating policy for safety and security of energy systems
Enhance standing of thermal science researchers in the world toimpact on policy, funding, and research direction
Align basic research interests with issue-based, top-down, research
direction and influence funding direction for greater impact