Role of Thermal Engineeringin Green GrowthJoon Sik LeeSeoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea

Climate Change and Global Energy Challenge Change in Ecological System Increase by 0.74ºC in recent 100 years
 Projected to be 6.4ºC at the end of this century
 An increase by 2ºC exterminates 15~40% of lives.

 Global Electric Energy Consumption
Projection in 2050 : 28 TW
Based on: minimum population growth (9 billion people),
economic growth of 1.6%/year,
energy efficiency 5 times as high as is in USA

 To sustain CO2 at 450 ppm: 26.5 TW produced with no emission
 To produce 10 TW of nuclear power: 10,000 units of nuclear reactor(1 GW). Construction of one nuclear reactor every other day till 2050
 Maximum wind power available 3 TW : 1 million wind turbines
 To produce 10 TW of solar power till 2050: required to construct
1 million solar cell houses every day
N.S. Lewis, “Powering the planet”, MRS Bulletin, Vol. 32, 2007

Global Exergy Flux, Reservoirs, and Destruction

Global Climate and Energy Project at Stanford University
http://gcep.stanford.edu

Green Growth a harmonic promotion of economic development andenvironmental sustainability at the same time throughcreating green-tech industries
 To create new growth engines, the strategic expansionof R&D investment is essential to enhance green
technology development and to promote technology
transfer for commercialization.

 The R&D investment can properly be allocated inaccordance with the technology readiness level (TRL),
and an extensive input should be made to overcome
two chasms in the growth cycle of the start-up
business,Solar Cell Market Development
180

Market Size (Billion $)160

Memory market
Solar cell market

14012088 billion$

100

Employment
74,000CO2 Saving
5 M ton

Employment
1,840,000
CO2 Saving
192 M ton

2015

8060
40
2002006

22 billion$

2008

2010

Employment
271,000
CO2 Saving
15 M ton2012 2014
Year

Employment
780,000
CO2 Saving
59 M ton

2016

2018

2020

Growth Cycle
Growth Cycle

Chasm

Chasm
High Quality
Research Output

Knowhow

Practice

Convergence
Collaboration

Management

Creating Tangible Assets and Converting
to Successful Business
Facility

Habitat,
Mentor

VC

IP,
PatentExpertPool

Partner,MarketForeign

DesignFactory

Incubation & Acceleration
BMVC

MarketingBM
Entrepreneurship

Business
Management

MarketCompetition

EducationGroupStudy

VentureAcademyCooperation

On-lineProcessThermal Engineering in Green-Tech Development
1) Efficiency improvement of thermal systems

the most cost-effective, near-term option
multiple benefits such as reducing environmental impact,enhancing energy security and flexibility, and creating
employment.

-High efficiency low emission and electric vehicles: clean
combustion, thermal management
Self-sufficient building: air conditioning, waste heat recovery,
thermal insulation, renewable energy equipment
Efficiency improvement of LED & IT devices: energy conversion,coolingHigh efficiency secondary electrical battery: thermal management-Zero Energy Building Requirement for zero energy building High efficiency low energy consumption

wind turbine Own energy production facility

solar cellsolar panel Connection to electric power grid Technologies
 High efficiency air conditioning
equipment
 Air purification and circulation
system for waste heat recovery
 Environment-friendly insulation

LED

HX typeair ventilation

Roof & wallinsulation
Rain recycling
systemgeothermal

vacuumdoubleglass
fuel cellsyetem

 Renewable energy equipment
EU: Heating energy less than 15 kWh/m2yr
Korea: dwelling house 120~150 kWh/m2yr, single house 150~200
kWh/m2yr

2) Fossil fuel transformationtransformation toward decarbonization and clean energy system
Major challenges:
 Expanding CCS will require cost reductions, scale-up, storage
integrity and environmental compatibility, and securing storage; Growing roles for natural gas, the least carbon-intensive andcleanest fossil fuel, including for shale gas, requires thatenvironmental issues are resolved; Co-processing of biomass, coal and natural gas with CCS isimportant for co-producing electricity and low carbon liquid fuels-Carbon capture and storage system: thermal behavior of CO2, pureoxygen combustion
Next generation light water reactor design and construction: thermohydraulics
Coal gasification combined cycle power plant: thermal process anddesign
GEA, 2012: "Global Energy Assessment-Toward a Sustainable Future"3) Renewable energy
Increase in the share of renewable energy in global primary: two tothreefold and in some regions 90% by 2050
Major challenges:
 reducing costs through learning and scale-up;
 creating a flexible investment environment that provides the basis
for scale-up and diffusion; integrating renewable energies into the energy system; enhancing research and development to ensure technical advances; assuring the sustainability of the proposed renewable technologies-High efficiency solar cell: photovoltaic energy conversion, thermal
process
Thermoelectric power generation and cooling: energy conversion,
thermal properties
Bio-energy production and system: thermo-chemical transformation
Nuclear fusion reactor design and construction: ultra high and lowtemperatures
High efficiency hydrogen production & storage: pyrolysis,
thermochemistry
Next generation fuel cell system: energy conversion, thermal control

Concluding Remarks
Thermal engineering plays a key role in the development of green
growth as well as global sustainability, that can generate, combinedwith green growth polices, substantial economic, environmental,
and social benefits, including creating employment, business
opportunities and social welfare.
To create new growth engines, an integrated approach is necessary
for coordinating R&D investment strategies, education, technology
transfer for commercialization, and industrial collaboration withresearch institutions.