NARR1070, 02/22/05, Page 1 of 4
NARRATIVE REPORT
Berkeley Analytical Associates
815 Harbour Way South, Suite 6
Richmond, CA 94804
510-236-2325
Fax: 510-236-2335
Job Code: 209004-01A
Report Date: February 22, 2005
Client: Samuel J. Goldberg, American Formulation & Manufacturing
Product I.D.: 10252Q Safecoat Cabinet & Trim Enamel Semigloss Paint
Manufacturer’s I.D.: 10252Q Batch-JR74
Production Date: October 14, 2004
Product Received: November 10, 2004
Report Prepared By: R.S. Tannous, Laboratory Director
Report Approved By: ________________ ________________Date: ________________
Raja S. Tannous, Laboratory Director
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this test was to measure the emissions of a target list of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) from a white cabinet & trim enamel
semigloss paint sample at seven days. The test conformed to the guidance of the JapaneseIndustrial Standard, JIS A 1901 (2003), “Determination of the emission of volatile organic
compounds and aldehydes for building products-Small chamber method.”
SUMMARY
The white cabinet & trim enamel semigloss paint was tested for emissions of TVOC and
the individual target compounds, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene isomers, o-xylene, styrene,p-dichlorobenzene and n-tetradecane. The test specimen was prepared by applying 4.5 gramsof enamel semigloss paint to a 178-mm x 178-mm (0.0316 m 2) stainless steel plate with a roller.
The enamel semigloss paint was allowed to cure for one hour before transferring to the test
chamber. The environmental parameters for the test were 28±1°C temperature, 50±5% relative
humidity and 1.0±0.05 air change rate. Measurements of chamber VOC concentrations weremade at 7 days. Area-specific emission rates (EFa) were calculated by mass balance. TheTVOC EF at 7 days was 282 µg m-2 h-1. None of the target VOCs was detected.
METHODS
Description of Product Specimen
On November 10, 2004, the laboratory received a product sample consisting of acontainer of a white cabinet & trim enamel semigloss paint. The sample was identified as:
manufacture’s ID # 10252Q Batch-JR74; product name Safecoat Cabinet & Trim Enamel
Semigloss; sample ID 10252Q/JR74; manufacturing date 10/14/04. The sample was handled inaccordance with BAA-SOP-2000.02, “Selection, Collection and Handling of Material Specimens
for Testing to Determine the Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds.” On February 10, 2005,
the container was opened. The enamel was first thoroughly mixed in its container by stirring.
Approximately 100 ml volume was transferred to an aluminum tray. A paint roller with a 10-cm
cover was saturated with enamel semigloss paint by running the roller back and forth in the tray.

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The enamel semigloss paint was applied to one side of a 178-mm x 178-mm (0.0316 m2)
stainless steel plate using four strokes, two in the vertical direction and two in the horizontal
direction, so that the entire area was uniformly covered. 4.5 Grams of enamel semigloss paintwere applied in a single film. The coated surface area was 0.0316 m2. Thus, the product loadingwas 142.4 g m-2. The test specimen was allowed to dry for one hour before placing it on an open
wire shelf in the test chamber.
GC/MS Analysis of VOCs
The methods used for the sampling and analysis of VOCs are based on U.S. EPA
Methods TO17, “Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active
Sampling Onto Sorbent Tubes” and TO1, "Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds inAmbient Air using Tenax Adsorption and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).”The multisorbent samplers (Model No. ST-032, Envirochem, Inc.) used for the collectionof VOC samples contain Tenax-TA, Ambersorb XE-340 and activated charcoal, in series. With
these samplers, C4 to C17 nonpolar and moderately polar volatile organic compounds (VOCs),and many C1 to C3 compounds, depending upon functional group, are quantitatively collected.
Highly reactive and very volatile compounds, such as formaldehyde, cannot be analyzed usingthese samplers.
The samplers are thermally desorbed, and the samples are introduced into a HewlettPackard 5971A GC/MS system using a UNACON 810 concentrating system (Envirochem, Inc.).
Prior to analysis, an internal standard (ISTD) is added to each sampler. The ISTD is 121 ng of
bromofluorobenzene (BFB). The ISTD is used to check on the operation of the system, toprovide a retention-time marker, and for quantitative analysis. The GC/MS is operated in theSCAN mode over a mass range of m/z 33-300.
For qualitative analysis, the spectra of peaks from the total-ion-current chromatograms
are first compared to spectra contained in a database of commonly occurring VOCs. This
database was created by BAA from analyses of pure compounds. If a spectrum of a compoundmatches a spectrum of a compound in the database and if the compounds' retention times also
match, then the identification is considered to be "confirmed." If no match is obtained, then thespectrum is compared to spectra contained in the NIST database of approximately 129,000spectra. Such identifications are considered to be “tentative.”
For the quantitative analysis of total VOCs (TVOC) in a sample, the GC/MS total-ioncurrent (TIC) chromatogram is integrated over a retention-time (RT) interval of 15 - 50 minutes
using parameters that capture almost all of the TIC area in a sample. The integrated areas lessthe area of the ISTD are summed. The mass of the compounds represented by the sum is
calculated relative to the known amount of the ISTD that is added to the sampler. The calculation
uses the response factor for toluene relative to BFB. This relative response factor (RRF) is 2.03.
Because there can be substantial variation in the TIC response of different classes ofcompounds, the measurement of TVOC is less accurate than the calibrated measurement ofindividual VOCs.
For the quantitative analysis of individual VOCs, multi-point internal-standard calibrations
are prepared using pure compounds. Standards of the more volatile compounds are prepared byinjecting microliter quantities of mixtures of the compounds into static dilution bottles. Gas
volumes are withdrawn from the static dilution bottles and transferred to conditioned samplers
using gas-tight syringes. Standards of the less volatile compounds are prepared by making serial
dilutions in an appropriate low-boiling solvent and injecting microliter quantities of the dilutestandards directly onto samplers containing Tenax. Samplers containing standards are analyzed
in the same manner as field samples.
Testing for Emissions of VOCs from Products Using Small-Volume Chambers

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The methods used for the measurement of emissions of VOCs from this productspecimen are based on the Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS A 1901 (2003), “Determination ofthe emission of volatile organic compounds and aldehydes for building products-Small chamber
method,“ English edition.
The chamber consists of a 67-L, stainless steel cylindrical vessel with a stainless-steel lid
equipped with three fittings. The chamber is held in an incubator that is maintained at 28±1o C.
Purified air from a clean air generator is introduced into the chamber through one fitting with astainless-steel tubing extension. The inlet flow rate of 1.12±0.06 standard L min-1 is regulatedwith electronic mass-flow controllers (calibrated at 25o C and 1 atm. pressure). The gas streamis split into two streams. One of these is passed through a bubbler containing distilled water.
This saturated gas stream is mixed with the dry gas stream to produce a humidified gas stream
with a relative humidity (RH) of 50±5% that is then introduced into the chamber. A humidity
probe (Model HMD 30YB, Vaisala) is inserted into the chamber through a second fitting on thelid. Chamber temperature and humidity are measured and recorded throughout the test. Gas
exits and is sampled for the analytes of interest at the other fitting on the lid. Atmosphericpressure at the laboratory is near 1 atm. Prior to use, the chamber and fittings are cleaned bywashing them with hot water and a detergent.
A clean, empty chamber is operated at the same testing conditions for at least threehours prior to a test. Chamber background concentrations are measured. Then, the chamber isopened and the material specimen is positioned on a wire rack approximately near the center ofthe chamber. To initiate a test, the chamber is sealed and ventilated. At specified times, gas
samples are collected at the chamber exhaust. The sample flow rates are regulated withelectronic mass-flow controllers (calibrated at 25o C and 1 atm. pressure). Samples for VOCs
are collected on multisorbent samplers at a flow rate of 100 standard cm3 min-1. For this test,
1.2-L gas samples for the analysis of TVOC and individual target VOCs were collected 7 days
(168 hours) after initiating the test period. The parameters for the emissions test are summarizedin Table 1.

Table 1. Parameters for a VOC emission test conducted in a small-scale environmental
chamber.
Parameter

Value

Chamber volume, m30.067

Enamel substrate

Stainless steel

Substrate dimensions, mm178 x 178

Coated surface area, m20.0316

Loading ratio, m2 m-30.472

Weight of enamel applied, g4.5

Inlet flow rate, m3 h-1

0.067 ± 0.003

Average temp, oC

28 ± 1

Atmosphere
Average humidity, %RH
Test duration, days

Humidified Air
50 ± 57NARR1070, 02/22/05, Page 4 of 4

Data Analysis and Reporting for Emission Tests
Steady-state emission rates (µg h-1) are calculated for the quantified compounds using
the following equation:
ER = Q (C - Co)(1)

where Q is the volumetric flow rate (m3 h-1) through the chamber; C is the average chamberconcentration for the sampling interval (µg m-3); and Co is the chamber blank or inlet gas
concentration (µg m-3). An area-specific emission rate or emission factor, EFa (µg m-2 h-1) is
calculated by dividing the emission rate by A, the exposed planar surface area of the product(m2).
EFa = ER / A(2)RESULTS
Emissions of TVOC and Individual Target VOCs
The 7-day chamber sample was quantitatively analyzed for toluene, ethylbenzene,combined m-/p-xylene isomers, o-xylene, styrene, p-dichlorobenzene and n-tetradecane. The
chamber concentration and area-specific emission rate results are presented Table 2. None ofthese target VOCs was detected in the sample. The lower limit of detection for each of thesecompounds is approximately 1 ng or 1.0 µg m-3 for a one-liter air sample. The TVOC lower limitof quantitation is approximately 10 µg m-3.

Table 2. Chamber concentrations and emission factors of TVOC and individual target VOCs
measured at 7 days for a test of 10252Q/JR74 Safecoat Cabinet & Trim Enamel
Semigloss Paint.

CompoundChamber Conc.
(µg m-3)

Emission Factor(µg m-2 h-1)

TVOC

133

282

TolueneND*

ND

Ethylbenzene

ND

ND

m-/p-Xylene

ND

ND

o-Xylene

ND

ND

StyreneND

ND

p-Dichlorobenzene

ND

ND

n-Tetradecane

ND

ND*ND = Indicates value is below detection. The ND for the individualcompounds tested is 1.0 µg m-3, based on a 1 ng limit for a 1-liter
sample. This is equivalent to a 2.1 µg m-2 h-1 emission factor limitof detection.