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No. 49Jan. 2013www.japanprize.jp

2013 Japan Prize Laureates Announced
Prof. C. Grant Willson and Prof. Jean M. J. Fréchet
for development of chemically amplified resist polymer materials
for innovative semiconductor manufacturing process
Dr. John Frederick Grassle for contribution to marine environmental conservation
through research on ecology and biodiversity of deep-sea organisms“Materials and Production” field

Prof. C. Grant Willson“Biological Production and Biological Environment” field

Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
The University of Texas at Austin

Prof. Jean M. J. Fréchet

Vice- President for Research
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Dr. John Frederick Grassle

USA

USA

USA

Professor Emeritus,
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

The Japan Prize Foundation has decided to award the 2013 Japan Prizes to Prof. C. Grant Willson, Professor of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Rashid Engineering Regent Chair, The University of Texas at Austin; Prof. Jean M. J. Fréchet,Vice-President for Research, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; andDr. John Frederick Grassle, Professor Emeritus, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
Prof. Willson and Prof. Fréchet will be awarded in the field of “Materials and Production” for the development ofchemically amplified resist polymer materials for innovative semiconductor manufacturing process.
In the field of “Biological Production and Biological Environment” Dr. Grassle will be awarded for the contribution to themarine environmental conservation through researches on ecology and biodiversity of deep-sea organisms.
The Laureates will be formally honored at the Presentation Ceremony to be held in Tokyo on April 24, 2013.

The Japan Prize is awarded to scientists throughout the world who havebeen credited with original and outstanding achievements and have mademajor contributions to the advancement of science and technology, thereby
manifestly furthering the cause of peace and prosperity of mankind.

While the prize encompasses all categories of science and technology, twofields of study are designated for the prize each year in consideration ofdevelopments in science and technology.
Each Japan Prize laureate receives a certificate of merit and a prize medal.
A cash prize of 50 million yen is also awarded to each prize field.

“Materials and Production” field
Achievement : Development of chemically amplified resist
polymer materials for innovative
semiconductor manufacturing process

Prof. C. Grant Willson

Born : March 30, 1939 (Age 73)
Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
The University of Texas at Austin

Prof. Jean M. J. Fréchet

Born : August 18, 1944 (Age 68)
Vice-President for Research
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Summary
The most important key technology which has been the driving
force for innovation in semiconductor technology over the past half acentury is lithography, which engraves fine circuits in semiconductors. Dr. Grant Willson and Dr. Jean Fréchet, along with the late Dr.
Hiroshi Itoh, embarked on the development of the resist to be used for
lithography in the early 1980’s, and succeeded in developing a new
key technology known as a chemically amplified resist. Through theuse of resist developed jointly by the three doctors, a lithographyusing a short wavelength deep ultraviolet (deep UV; wavelength
254nm) was achieved. By improving this chemically amplified resist,an era of the next generation integrated circuit with a minimum
semiconductor circuit width of under 250nm was opened up. The
chemically amplified resist is an important technology for the extreme
ultraviolet lithography (EUV; wavelength 1-10nm), a present leadingedge technology, as well as for electron lithography, and is a key
technology in creating new types of electronics.
Advancements in photolithography has supported
the development of semiconductor integrated circuits
Progress in semiconductor integrated circuits ( IC) which weredeveloped in the 1960’s has been made by improvements in thedevice density. According to “Moore’s Law” which has become
well-known as a result of the paper published in 1965 by Gordon
Moore, a co-founder of Intel Corporation, it was estimated that “thenumber of transistors of integrated circuits will double every 24
months.” This has become a reality, giving birth to an advanced
information society.
The greatest contribution made to the advancement of integrated
circuits is this most important key technology called lithography,
which is a microfabrication technology. “Litho” means stone, and“graphy” means to write; thus, it can be said that semiconductor
lithography is a technology in which fine electronic circuits are
written on silicon wafers.
Diagram 1 shows the lithography process in the manufacture ofsemiconductors. First of all, a polymer film called resist is applied tothe silicon wafer to be processed through spin coating. A photo-

Diagram 1 :Principles of photolithography

chemical reaction occurs within the resist when exposed to light.
There are two types of resist materials, one being easy to dissolve in asolvent called the developer and the other is not.
Thus, when the resist is exposed and developed through a photomask in which a circuit pattern is written, a resist pattern corresponding to the mask pattern is written. Furthermore, the process usingchemicals or plasma to process the area not covered by the resist iscalled etching. Last of all, after the resist is removed through polishing, a silicon wafer configured to the desired design is attained. There
are positive type and negative type resists; the positive type is the one
in which the exposed area dissolves in the developer, and the negative
type is the one in which the exposed area remains.
The properties of the resist play an extremely important part inincreasing the device density of the integrated circuit. In the earlydays, known polymers with photochemical reactions were used on theresist. However, gradually new types of resist materials have been
pursued with higher exposure sensitivity, higher resolution in order towrite finer circuits, and with superior etching resistance.

Catalysts formed through chemical reactions create a chain
reactionIn the latter 1970’s at the IBM Research Laboratory located in San
Jose, a central Silicon Valley city in California, U.S.A., the development of new resist materials was underway. At that time, Dr. Grant
Willson was the head of the resist development.
One way to improve the resolution of the semiconductor lithography is to shorten the wavelength of the ultraviolet rays used for resist
exposure. However, when the wavelength was shortened, a problem
arose in that the resist exposure sensitivity was significantly reduced,
making it difficult to write a circuit. Lithography using light wasapproaching its limit, so an electron lithography was proposed. Dueto cost problems, however, efforts were made to stretch the potentialof the conventional lithography to the limit.
At the time, Dr. Willson’s goal was the resist development to attaina lithography using the deep UV of a conventional high-pressure
mercury lamp with the shortest wavelength of 254nm. In order toachieve that goal, in 1979, Dr. Jean Fréchet, an associate professor at
the University of Ottawa in Canada who was engaged in the function
study of polymers, made use of the sabbatical system (a long-term
paid leave given to a university teacher over a certain period of timein order for him to dedicate himself to research) and joined in thedevelopment. Thereafter, he became a partner in resist development.
In the following year, the late Dr. Hiroshi Itoh (~2009), who wasstudying polysaccharide synthesis at the State University of New
York, came to work under Dr. Willson as a postdoctoral fellow.
The research team headed by Dr. Willson, Dr. Fréchet and the late
Dr. Itoh paid particular attention to chemically amplified resist as amethod to improve the resist sensitivity. With chemically amplified
resist, a catalyst known as the active species is first created within theresist through light exposure. It was thought that by merely causing
the catalyst to create a chain of chemical reactions within the resist,the polymer properties of the resist can be changed at once by a slightest exposure to light. Among the researchers were some who pointed
Development
light

Positive
type

Negative
type
Substrate (silicon wafers)

Photoresist coating

Exposure using photomask

Diagram 2 : Chemically amplified resist concept
Exposure

Acid-generating
agent

Polymer

I

H+

I

S

S

I
I

I

S

S

I

S

I Protective group making

S Alkali soluble

the polymer alkali insoluble
When the chemically amplified resist is exposed, the compounds within theresist generate acid. The acid changes the protective group, changing theresist from alkali insoluble to a soluble group, and due to the generated acid, a
chain reaction results.

out that due to unregulated chain reactions that occur in chemically
amplified resist, the resolution may conversely deteriorate even if the
exposure sensitivity improves. However, they decided to undertakethe challenge.
While repeating the trial and error process, in 1980, the researchteam succeeded in developing a resist material which creates anextremely stable reaction during resist synthesis even under light
exposure. According to the paper published in 1982, a chemically
amplified resist was proposed (diagram 2) in which acid is generated
as active species, and the resultant acid successively changes theprotective groups which protect the polymers from the alkali solvent
used in exposure. Such a resist was actually synthesized, and the firstchemically amplified resist used for semiconductor manufacture wasa polymer in which t-butoxycarbonyl (tBOC) was removed with acid,producing polyhydroxystyrene (PHS) (deprotection reaction).

A chemically amplified resist overcame obstacles
the semiconductor technology was facing
The resist developed at this time became the prototype for the later
positive-type resist, and various chemically amplified resists were
subsequently developed. At IBM, a chemically amplified resist wasused in a 1 megabit DRAM production with a minimum integrated
circuit width of 1μm. However, in general, it came to be widely used
in what was called the next generation DRAM in lithography with aminimum width of 250nm. Dr. Willson, Dr. Fréchet and the late Dr.
Itoh continued their joint research thereafter on chemically amplified
resists, and contributed to the development of semiconductor lithography. Dr. Willson and Dr. Fréchet have expanded their research field toinclude studies on various polymer functions.
Chemically amplified resists have proved useful in lithographyusing the krF excimer laser with a wavelength of 248nm, which plays
a key role in the present semiconductor exposure device. Additionally, chemically amplified resists are playing an important part in
extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography and electron lithography
which are receiving widespread attention as the next generation
semiconductor technology, and continue to serve as key technology inpaving the way for new electronics technology to this day.
What became the driving force to overcome the limitations of thesemiconductor lithography in the 1970’s was the chemically amplified resist developed by three scientists. Through the emergence ofthe chemically amplified resist, it can be said that the electronics
industry has been able to follow the development as predicted by“Moore’s Law.”

“Biological Production and Biological Environment ” field
Achievement : Contribution to marine environmental
conservation through research on ecology
and biodiversity of deep-sea organisms

Dr. John Frederick Grassle

Born : July 14, 1939 (Age 73)
Professor Emeritus,
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Summary
It has been thought for many years that only a limited number ofliving organisms exist in the deep sea exceeding a depth of 200m, due
to the fact that hardly any sunlight, needed for photosynthesis, reaches
there. However, in 1977, a hydrothermal vent called a black smoker
was discovered at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, and the existenceof a wide variety of organisms was recorded. Marine Biologist Dr.
Johon Frederick Grassle organized an ecological survey mission
using a manned research submersible, and clarified the existence of achemosynthetic ecosystem in the deep ocean which utilizes not
sunlight, but chemical substances supplied from the earth’s interior.
Through his studies in the 1980’s and the 1990’s, Dr. Frederick
Grassle proved that an abundant biodiversity exists in the deep sea
comparable to that of the tropical rainforest. Furthermore, in 2000, a
10-year project which endeavors to shed light on the diversity,
distribution and population of all marine life called “CoML: Census
of Marine Life” was founded. The research findings thereof are
greatly contributing to the preservation of the marine ecosystem
which has rapidly been lost since the 20th Century.

Dream to become a marine biologist came true through theecosystem study of coral reef benthos
Dr. Frederick Grassle, who is now acclaimed as a world-classmarine biologist, was actually born in Ohio which does not have acoast. However, nearby was Lake Erie. During his junior high schooldays, Dr. Grassle developed a fondness for the underwater world,having read books written by Jacques Yves Cousteau, an inventor of
the underwater breathing apparatus.
The opportunity for Dr. Grassle to become involved in oceanographic studies came when he was studying zoology at Yale University. His instructor encouraged him to participate in studies being
carried out by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Cape Cod,
Massachusetts. While continuing to gather marine species there, hecultivated a strong desire to become an oceanographer.
After earning a Ph.D. at Duke University in 1967, Dr. Grassle
obtained the Fulbright-Hays scholarship and engaged in the studyof the ecosystem of organisms living in the coral reefs of Australia. Coral reefs are known to have one of the most abundant biodiversities of all marine environments. In particular, Dr. Grassle
focused on sandworms which live in the sediments on the ocean
floor, and clarified the role which benthos play in the coral reef
ecosystem that attracted little attention. Dr. Grassle even improvedby himself the scientific instruments used in gathering life fromsediments and cast a spotlight on a new dimension of the coral reef
ecosystem.

Discovery of unique and abundant ecosystem in the deepsea floor which was previously believed to be a wasteland
Dr. Grassle, given recognition on research findings on coral reefs,
was recruited as a member of the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institute in 1969. In the 1970’s, it was the exploration of the deep
ocean this institute embarked on. At the time, the plate tectonics
theory was in its development period, and it was thought that many

undersea volcanoes and hydrothermal vents like fountains on land
existed in the area on the ocean floor where a new crust was formed(diverging plate boundaries), which many sought to discover.
Thereafter in 1977, by means of the survey conducted by geologists
on the “DSV (deep submergence vehicle) Alvin,” a manned
research submersible, water eruption of nearly 20℃ was discoveredin the deep ocean floor of approximately 2500 m, near the Galapagos Islands. It was confirmed that a massive number of living
creatures, unlike anyone had ever seen before, existed there.
Dr. Grassle, who came to know of this report, conducted his own
survey on the DSV Alvin in 1979. The survey team on this expedition succeeded in obtaining some amazing footage. There was achimney-shaped vent erupting hot water exceeding 300℃, whichcame to be called a black smoker chimney. The hot water containedsuch toxic compounds as hydrogen sulfide, and based on thecommon knowledge of the times, such was an environment unfit forlife. Yet, near the hot water vent right in front of Dr. Grassle’s eyes
existed tubeworms which poked their red “plume” out of theirprotective tube, as well as bivalves, growing in clusters.
Up to that point in time, life was thought to be dependent mainly
on sunlight as its main energy source, and the greater part of theecosystem on earth was supported by organic substances synthesized by photosynthetic organisms. In other words, the deep sea
where light does not reach was thought to be a desert-like place
where only a limited number of organisms which are supported byorganic substances precipitated from the shallow waters could exist.
However, it was verified that in reality, the deep sea has anabundant ecosystem beyond our expectations. At that time, Dr.
Grassle confirmed, “These organic matters must be obtaining theirenergy source not from sunlight, but from methane, hydrogen sulfide
and other substances which are supplied from the earth’s interior.”
Dr. Grassle’s idea was backed up by many studies thereafter, andthe ecosystem using chemical substances came to be called the“chemosynthetic” ecosystem, a word used as a counterpart for“photosynthesis.”
Such microorganisms as sulfur-oxidizing
bacteria support the chemosynthetic ecosystem. The microorganisms oxidize the chemical substances found in hot water such ashydrogen sulfide and hydrogen, and use the energy obtained tosynthesize organic substances from carbon dioxide. Such largeorganisms as tubeworms exist by taking in such microorganisms
into their bodies and “coexisting” with them (Diagram 1).
The discovery of the chemosynthetic ecosystem exerted a great
influence in a wide range of biological fields. The research on theorigin of life is one of them. For example, it came to be believed bymany scientists that if there are volcanic activities, there is a possibility of life even in planets and satellites in the space where hardly any
sunlight reaches and most of the water exists in the form of ice.

The founding of the CoML Project sheds light on marine
biodiversity
During the 1980’s and 1990’s, Dr. Grassle enthusiasticallycarried out studies on the biodiversity of marine life in the deep sea.
Dr. Grassle took notice of the fact that there are areas on the ocean
floor in the eastern part of United States at a depth of 1500 m to2500 m where there is an abundance of biodiversity. He divided thearea into small sections and surveyed the types and numbers ofmarine life found. As a result, he clarified that the patch-mosaic
dynamics can be applied as a mechanism for supporting biodiversity
even in the deep sea. In other words, even in a seemingly uniform
deep sea environment, there is a complex adaptive system in which
a diverse environment exists on a minute scale called patches.
Ever-changing patches spread like mosaics, resulting in a wide
variety of life. From a quantitative study of such deep sea ecosystem, Dr. Grassle could conclude that “an abundant biodiversity
exists in the deep sea comparable to that of the tropical rainforest.”

Diagram 1 : Chemosynthetic ecosystem in deep sea
Symbiosis

Fishes,Crustaceans

Host animal

tubeworms, bivalves

Organic matter
Chemosynthetic microbe
such as sulfur bacteria

Chemical substances such as
the hydrogen sulfide from theearth’s interior

Hydrothermal vents

Gastropods, Crustaceans, Polychaetes,
Sea anemone

Chemosynthetic microbe
such as sulfur bacteria
Near hydrothermal vents,
chemosynthetic microbe synthesizeorganic matter with hydrogen sulfide
supplied from the earth’ s interior.
This is the starting point of the food chain.

Diagram 2 : Scientific Framework of CoML
Investigating
the Past

Assessingthe Present

Forecasting
the Future

History of Marine
Animal Populations(HMAP)

Ocean Realm Field
Projects

Future of Marine
Animal Populations(FMAP)

OBIS
Ocean Biogeographic Information System

With this study as a motivational force, Dr. Grassle aimed toclarify on the diversity of all marine creatures and embarked on
developing a worldwide network. In 1989, the base of operation
was moved to the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences at
Rutgers University in New Jersey where various research projects
have been carried out, including the most well-known CoML, ofwhich Dr. Grassle is a co-founder. CoML is a global marine life
research network with researchers now from over 80 countries. In a
10-year project from 2000 to 2010, diversity, distribution andpopulation of marine life have been surveyed and analyzed. In
addition, Dr. Grassle has had a strong interest in environmental
preservation and has held a conviction that reliable scientific data is
indispensable for environmental preservation. To that end, he has
devoted his energy to make available the research results of CoML
in the form of an Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)
database (Diagram 2). The summary of the CoML findings released
in 2010 revealed that 90% of the thousands of new species andmarine life consist of microorganisms.
At present, marine diversity is rapidly decreasing, and a major
contributing factor is the depletion of fishing resources. By meansof the CoML survey, not only has the marine region needing themost preservation been highlighted, but it has also contributed in thesetting of standards with respect to evaluating future changes fromclimate change and overexploitation due to fishing. In addition,
OBIS is presently being managed by UNESCO/ IOC, and is being
used worldwide in drafting preservation policies regarding marine
life.
How should we continue to preserve the marine biodiversity
clarified by Dr. Grassle through his deep sea research? That is oneof our major challenges for the 21st Century.

Nominations and Selection Process■

Every November the Field Selection Committee of The Japan Prize Foundation designates and announces two
fields in which the Japan Prize will be awarded two years hence. At the same time, the Foundation calls for over
13,000 nominators, strictly comprised of prominent scientists and researchers from around the world invitedby the Foundation, to nominate the candidates through the web by JPNS (Japan Prize Nomination System).
The deadline for nominations is the end of February of the following year.

■

For each field, a Selection Subcommittee conducts a rigorous evaluation of the candidates’ academic achievements.
The conclusions are then forwarded to Selection Committee, which conducts evaluations of candidates’ achievementsfrom a wider perspective, including contributions to the progress of science and technology, and significant advancement
towards the cause of world peace and prosperity, and finally the selected candidates are recommended for the Prize.

■

The recommendations are then sent to the Foundation’s Board of Directors, which makes the final decision on the winners.

■

The nomination and selection process takes almost one year from the time that the field are decided. Every January,
the winners of that year’s Japan Prize are announced. The Presentation Ceremony is held in mid-April in Tokyo.

November, 2011

End February, 2012

Determinethe fields eligible
for the 2013
Japan Prize
Materials andProduction

January, 2013

Mid. April, 2013

Announce
the Laureatesof the 2013
Japan Prize

The 2013
Japan Prize
Presentation
Ceremony

Selection Committee

Invite thenominations

Closing of thenominations

Biological Production and
Biological Environment

Selection Subcommittee,
Materials and Production

Board ofDirectors

Selection Subcommittee,
Biological Production and
Biological Environment

Members of the 2013 Japan Prize Selection Committee
Member Makoto Asashima

Executive Director,
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Member Kunio Iwatsuki

ChairmanVice Chairman

Hiroshi Komiyama

Ryozo Nagai

Chairman of the Institute,
Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.
President Emeritus,
The University of Tokyo

President,
Jichi Medical University

Director,
The Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo

Member Yoshio Karita

Director, The Japan Prize Foundation

Member Masafumi Maeda
Executive Vice President,
Professor, The University of Tokyo

Member Masayuki Matsushita

Director, The Japan Prize Foundation

Member Makoto Misono

Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo

Member Hideo Miyahara

President, National Institute of Information andCommunications Technology

Member Takehiko Sasazuki

University Professor, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University
President Emeritus, National Center for Global Health and Medicine

Selection Subcommittee for the “Materials and Production” field
Member Makoto Gonokami

Vice President, The University of Tokyo
Professor, Department of Physics Graduate School of
Science, The University of Tokyo

Member Hideo Hosono
Chairman

Deputy Chairman

Masafumi Maeda

Kazunori Kataoka

Executive Vice President,
Professor,
The University of Tokyo

Professor,
Department of Materials Engineering
Graduate School of Engineering
The University of Tokyo

Professor,
Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Member Motomu Kanai

Professor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Member Takashi Kato

Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo

Member Fumihiko Kimura

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University

Member Noritaka Mizuno

Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry
Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo

Member Kotobu Nagai

Managing Director of Global Research Center for Environment and Energy
based on Nanomaterials Science, National Institute for Materials Science

Member Takashi Nakamura

Professor, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for
Advanced Materials, Tohoku University

Member Takeshi Uenoyama

Executive Officer, Panasonic Corporation
Associate Director of R&D Division

Selection Subcommittee for the “Biological Production and Biological Environment” field
Member Taizo Hogetsu

Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo

Member Nori Kurata
Chairman

Deputy Chairman

Kunio Iwatsuki

Yoshihiro Hayashi

Director,
The Museum of Nature andHuman Activities, Hyogo

Director General,
Yamashina Institute for
Ornithology

Professor, National Institute of Genetics

Member Kei-ichiro Maeda

Professor, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Member Shigetou Namba

Professor, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Member Harufumi Nishida

Professor, Faculty of Science and Engineering
Department of Biological Sciences, Chuo University

Member Fumihiko Sato

Professor, Division of Integrated Life Science
Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University

Member Akio Shimomura

Professor, Department of Forest Science
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Member Yoshihisa Shirayama

Executive Director of Research,
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Member Takakazu Yumoto

Professor, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University( alphabetical order, titles as of December, 2012)

Fields Eligible for the 2014 Japan Prize Selected
Areas ofPhysics, Chemistry
and Engineering

Electronics, Information and Communication

Background and rationale:

Today, our world is in the midst of rapidly developing information and knowledge-based society. The advancement of essential technologies inelectronics, information and communication have brought about dramatic improvement in productivity and have also revolutionized the speed,
efficiency and the scope of information exchange, thereby contributing significantly to the evolution of human society through creation of new
cultures and lifestyles. In addition, these advancements are also playing a significant role in the field of energy management by responding to theever-increasing energy consumption.
Amid such changes, it is anticipated that further advancement of these technologies will not only improve its reliability and security but will alsoenable us to respond to new social issues, thereby contributing greatly to the sustainable development of human society.

Achievement eligible:

The 2014 Japan Prize in the field of “Electronics, Information and Communication” is awarded to individual(s) who has made significant
contributions to society by achieving scientific and technological breakthroughs in creating new industries and improving productivity,
developing essential technologies and systems that contribute to the realization of information and knowledge-based society, and developing
fundamental science and technologies that have high potential to promote further advancement of our society.
Areas of
Life Science, Agricultureand Medicine

Life Science

Background and rationale:

In recent years, the drastic progress of life science has contributed significantly in understanding the complex functions of biological life including
us human beings. Most notably, with revolutionary advancement in life science research technologies, things which were once considered
technologically impossible, such as the mapping of genetic blueprints, are now becoming possible one after another. As a result, we are now
making new discoveries that will significantly change our concept of life in the levels of molecules, cells, tissues, organs and whole body.
It is anticipated that such progress in understanding of life science will contribute towards the welfare of mankind by unlocking new possibilities inlife forms including us human beings and help lead the way for the creation and promotion of future medicine.

Achievement eligible:

The 2014 Japan Prize in the field of “Life Science” is awarded to individual(s) who has made significant contributions to society byachieving scientific and technological breakthroughs of discovering new life phenomena, elucidating vital functions, developing
revolutionary analysis technologies, and creating future medicine.

Fields Selection Committee for the 2014 Japan Prize
Member Kazuhito Hashimoto

Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo

Member Yoshihiro Hayashi

ChairmanVice Chairman

Katsuhiko Shirai

Kohei Miyazono

Chairperson,
The Foundation
for the Open Universityof JapanProfessor,
Department of
Molecular Pathology
Graduate School of Medicine,
The University of Tokyo

Member Kenichi Mori

Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Innovation Studies,Tokyo University of Science

Member Tohru Nakashizuka

Director General,
Yamashina Institute for Ornithology

Professor, Department of Environmental Life Sciences
Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University

Member Nobuhide Kasagi

Principal Fellow, Center for Research and Development Strategy
Japan Science and Technology Agency
Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo

Member Tsutomu Kimura

Advisor to the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

Member Noriko Osumi

Director, Center for Neuroscience
Tohoku University School of Medicine

Member Masakatsu Shibasaki

Executive Director of Board of Directors,
Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
Director, Institute of Microbial Chemistry

Member Atsuko Tsuji

Member Hiroshi Kuwahara

Editorial Writer, The Asahi Shimbun

Senior Advisor Emeritus, Hitachi Maxell Ltd.

( alphabetical order, titles as of December, 2012)

Schedule (2013-2015)
The fields eligible for the Japan Prize (2013 to 2015) have been decided for the two research areas, respectively.
These fields rotate every three years, basically.
Every year the Fields Selection Committee announces the eligible fields for the next three years.
Areas of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering

Areas of Life Science, Agriculture and Medicine

Year

Eligible Fields

Year

Eligible Fields

2013
2014
2015

Materials, Production
Electronics, Information, Communication
Resources, Energy, Social Infrastructure

2013
2014
2015

Biological Production, Biological Environment
Life Science
Medical Science, Medicinal Science