Submerged Membrane Module
for MBRTORAY “MEMBRAY”“TMR140 Series”
Instruction Manual

Toray Industries, Inc.
Water Treatment Division
1-1, Nihonbashi-muromachi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8666 Japan
Tel: +81-3-3245-4542
Fax: +81-3-3245-4913
URL: http://www.toraywater.com
Published: April 2013

AIRE-064-1-6

Content
I.

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.

Features of MBR ................................................................................................................... 1

2.

Outline of “TMR140 Series”................................................................................................... 2II.

FOR SAFE OPERATION OF “TMR140 SERIES” .................................................................. 5
1.

Unpacking and Installation .................................................................................................... 52.

Operation and Maintenance .................................................................................................. 6

3.

Chemical Cleaning of Element .............................................................................................. 7

III.

SPECIFICATIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF “TMR140 SERIES” ...................................... 9

1.

Specifications of Element ...................................................................................................... 92.

Specifications of Polyurethane Permeate Tube .................................................................... 93.

Specifications and Performance of “TMR140 Series” Module ............................................ 10IV.

MEMBRANE FILTRATION PROCESS DESIGN FOR “TMR140 SERIES” ......................... 121.

Standard Time Chart ........................................................................................................... 12

2.

Flow Diagram of Membrane Filtration ................................................................................. 13

3.

Layout of “TMR140 Series” Modules in Membrane Submerged Tank ............................... 18

4.

Piping ................................................................................................................................... 21

V.

INSTALLATION OF “TMR140 SERIES” ............................................................................... 23
1.

Preparatory Procedure ........................................................................................................ 23

2.

Unloading/lifting Products.................................................................................................... 23

3.

Checking Products .............................................................................................................. 24

4.

Storage Products ................................................................................................................. 24

5.

Installation Products ............................................................................................................ 25

VI.

START OF OPERATION ...................................................................................................... 30

1.

Clean Water Operation........................................................................................................ 30

2.

Seeding Sludge Injection..................................................................................................... 31

3.

Actual Filtration Operation ................................................................................................... 31

VII.

OPERATION CONTROL ...................................................................................................... 33

1.

Standard Operating Conditions ........................................................................................... 33

2.

Operating Parameters ......................................................................................................... 35

3.

Basic Control Philosophy .................................................................................................... 36

4.

Daily Inspection ................................................................................................................... 37

VIII. MAINTENANCE OF “TMR140 SERIES” .............................................................................. 40
1.

Maintenance Items and Maintenance Frequency ............................................................... 40

2.

Air Diffuser Cleaning............................................................................................................ 41

3.

Chemical Cleaning of Element ............................................................................................ 43

4.

Chemical Agents Available for Chemical Cleaning ............................................................. 43

5.

Handling of Chemical Agents .............................................................................................. 44

6.

Chemical Cleaning Procedure............................................................................................. 47

7.

Lifting Procedure ................................................................................................................. 52
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8.

Storage Products after Use ................................................................................................. 53

9.

Disposing Procedure ........................................................................................................... 54

IX.

REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST ............................................................................................. 55

X.

TROUBLESHOOTING .......................................................................................................... 56

XI.

APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................ 57

Symbols used in this manual!

DANGER

This symbol is used to indicate an imminent hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, will result in serious injury or death.

!

WARNING

This symbol is used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, can result in serious injury or death.

!

CAUTION

This symbol is used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, may result in injury or property damage.

AIRE-064-1-6

I.

INTRODUCTION

Toray "MEMBRAY" is the submerged membrane module suitable for the membranebioreactor (MBR) that has been developed based on the polymer science and the membrane
fabrication technologies accumulated for a long time in Toray Industries, Inc.
"TMR140 Series" is a standard model of "MEMBRAY". This manual explains MBR's featuresand describes the specifications of "TMR140 Series" and its safe operations including
installation, operation, maintenance procedures and peripheral equipments. Operators
should thoroughly read this manual to ensure stable operation.
1.

Features of MBR

The process flow of the conventional activated sludge system (CAS) and MBR are shown in
Fig.I-1 and Fig.I-2, respectively.
Waste
water

Aeration Tank

Sedimentation Tank

Discharge

Fig. I-1 CAS Flow
Wastewater

Submerged Membrane
ModuleDischarge or Reuse

Membrane
Submerged
TankRO
membrane

Reuse

Fig. I-2 MBR Flow

MBR provides the following advantages:(1) Small Footprint
Unlike CAS, MBR separates sludge within aeration tank using membranes, thus eliminate
the space for preparing sedimentation tank. Also with membrane, MBR can hold higher
concentration of activated sludge in the aeration tank, so its volume can be reduced. As aresult, MBR provides smaller footprint compared to CAS.
(2) High quality of treated water
MBR removes suspended solid (SS) from the sludge liquid with membrane much morecertainly than conventional sedimentation process. MBR also rejects microorganisms suchas Escherichia coli and Cryptosporidium efficiently.

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2.

Outline of “TMR140 Series”“TMR140 Series” is the membrane module composed of the element block and the aeration
block. The element block contains a number of membrane elements stacked at equalclearance, each of which has flat sheet membranes attached on both sides of ABS panel.
Each element is connected via polyurethane tube to the permeated water manifold. The
aeration block consists of coarse-bubble air diffusers to supply scouring air (see Fig.I-3).
This module is used submerged in sludge liquid.
The following shows the features of “TMR140 Series”.

Tube

Permeated water Manifold

Element block

Element
Aeration block

Coarse Air
diffuser

Fig. I-3

Appearance of “TMR140-100S”

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(1) Shape of Element
The membrane element is a flat sheet type as shown in Fig.I-4. At the normal filtration
operation, the sludge accumulated on the membrane surface is cleaned up effectively withupward water stream generated with the scouring air supplied from the air diffusers installedat the bottom side (Fig.I-5). This mechanism ensures stable filtration, since the membrane
does not easily admit of sludge adherence to its surface.
In addition, thanks to the long element design (1.6 m), a larger membrane area is achieved
per footprint, allowing effective use of diffused air.

Supporting panel
0.5 m
Permeated Water
Nozzle1.6 m

MembraneFig. I-4 Structure of Element
Element

Permeated
water

Air
Air

Membrane Supporting Membrane
panel
Activated sludge particle

Fig. I-5 Filtration Principle of Activated Sludge

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(2) Membrane Structure
The flat sheet membrane consists of PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) functional layer and thebase layer of PET (polyester) non-woven fabric. This structure gives the membrane superior
physical strength and high chemical resistance.
(3) Membrane Pore Size
Numerous small-size pores are distributed evenly over the membrane surface with a sharp
pore-size distribution. This structure gives an outstanding high treated water quality and an
excellent water permeability, making the membrane highly resistant to clogging (see Fig.I-6
and Fig.I-7) compared to other membranes. The average pore size is 0.08 micron meter.

3.0 micron

3.0 micron

Toray PVDF Membrane

Other Membrane

Fig. I-6 Membrane Surface (photo)

Number of pore (1012/m2)

1.5

PVDF
Membrane

Toray PVDF Membrane
1.0

東レBF014

Other Membrane

0.5

クボタ
0

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Pore Size (micron)Fig. I-7 Pore Size Distribution

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II.

FOR SAFE OPERATION OF “TMR140 SERIES”

Before using “TMR140 Series”, please thoroughly read this Instruction Manual and follow the
instructions described in this manual, especially the safety precautions shown below. The
details of each precaution are described in the relevant chapter
1.

Unpacking and Installation!

DANGER

When lifting “TMR140 Series” or its part, please attach chains orslings to it and raise it straight upward calmly to prevent it fromshaking. Please never allow any person under lifted article.

!

DANGER

Please use chains or slings compatible with lifting weight whenlifting "TMR140 Series" or its part.

!

DANGER

Check the condition of each part before lifting and never use
damaged one. Never stand below the membrane module whenlifting. Be careful of the balance of the module when lifting.

!

DANGER

When lifting TMR140-200D or 400DW, do not lift upper element
blocks and lower element blocks all together. Upper/lower element
block has to be lifted separately.

!

DANGER

When installing “TMR140 Series” module, please set up a footholdin advance. Never climb the module. Please use protective
equipment to ensure the safety of workers.

!

CAUTIONAt transportation, storage and installation, please take appropriate
measures to protect "TMR140 Series" or its part from damage.
Please don't put any heavy objects on the module. Please takecare to protect the module from collision with other objects.

!

CAUTION

Please do not leave "TMR140 Series" for hours in the place where
the temperature is higher than 40 degree C or in the place exposed
to direct sunlight. Especially ABS supporting panel may be
deteriorated with direct sunlight, ultraviolet ray.

!

CAUTION

Please take adequate measures to protect “TMR140 Series” fromsparks caused by welding, fusion cutting or grinding throughout theentire process from installation work to operation startup.

!

CAUTION

Please protect “TMR140 Series” from freezing at any time.

!

CAUTION

Please don't pressurize the permeate side of "TMR140 Series”.

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CAUTION!

2.

Please install the screen with openings of 3.0 mm or under before
the membrane submerged tank. It is recommended to use themesh type screen. Overflow or waste carryover must be avoided at
any time.

Operation and Maintenance!

WARNING

Don't use permeated water for drinking.

!

WARNING

Before discharging the treated water to the environment or reusing
it, make sure to analyze its quality and confirm that the water
quality meets the intended purpose.

WARNING

Don't burn the membranes without appropriate facilities sinceharmful Hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas is generated at burning.
When dispose membranes, please apply a service of a qualified
waste disposing company.

!

CAUTION

When the clean water operation, charging clean water to themembrane submerged tank with the air discharge valve open to
release air from the elements. After charging water, close the air
discharge valve.

!

CAUTION

Don’t use the ground water, which contains considerable amountof iron, manganese, calcium or silica, for the clean water operation
as it may cause the clogging of the membrane.

!

CAUTION

Don't continue the clean water operation unnecessarily.
A long-time filtration of clean water tends to cause the clogging.

!

CAUTION

Once the membrane gets wet, keep it wet. If the wet membrane isdried up again, the permeability of the membrane might bedecreased seriously.

!

CAUTION

When feeding the seeding sludge, be sure to remove foreign
substances from it with the screen (with openings of 5mm orunder).

!

CAUTION

Don't do the filtration operation without supplying the scouring air ina right way, or the membrane will be clogged severely.

!

CAUTION

Don't put in the activated sludge liquid chemicals, toxic agents, oils
or other substances that may adversely affect activated sludge.

!

CAUTIONABS supporting panel may get chemical cracks by some organic
solvent, such as alcohols and oils, and some synthetic detergents. So
don't make ABS panel contact such materials.

!

CAUTION

Please avoid abrupt changes of operating conditions, especiallypH, temperature and the suction pressure of the membrane even
within the range of the standard operating conditions (Table VII-1).

!

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!

CAUTION

Please replace the renewal parts periodically or when thedeterioration is detected at the inspection.

!

CAUTION

Prevent “TMR140 Series” from freezing at any time.

CAUTION

Please take care not to dry the membranes when taking "TMR140
Series" out of the liquid for the inspection or the maintenance. If
the wet membrane is dried up again, the permeability of themembrane might be decreased seriously.

!

3.

!

CAUTION!

CAUTION

Please stop the scouring air when the filtration operation stops
except for the following conditions:1) In case of applying intermittent filtration, do not stop thescouring air for each relaxation period.
2) In case that the plant operation stops for a while, aeration isapplicable for mixing or aeration demand, however, the flow rateshould be controlled minimal.
Please don’t re-use the old permeate tubes once disconnectedfrom the nozzles since the connection tightness of the tubes are
reduced.

Chemical Cleaning of Element!

WARNING

The chemical agents used for the chemical cleaning are harmful tothe health. When handling chemicals, please read their material
safety data sheet (MSDS) in advance and make sure to wear
necessary protectors such as protective goggles and protective
gloves.

!

WARNING

If the chemical agents stick to your skin or clothes, immediately
wash it away with enough amount of running water.

!

WARNING

If the chemical agents enter your eyes, immediately wash it awaywith enough amount of running water and see the doctor.

!

WARNING

If any abnormality is found in the equipment during chemicalcleaning, immediately stop operation and check it.

!

WARNINGIf chemical is injected forcibly directly with the chemical feed pumpor by any other means, the internal pressure of the elements will
increase and the elements will get damaged. Be sure to injectchemical with the pressure of lower than 10 kPa (100 mbar).

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!

WARNING

When injecting the chemical agents at the chemical cleaning,please confirm beforehand that the modules are completely
submerged in the liquid and the liquid level of the membrane
submerged tank is higher by more than 500 mm than the top of themodule.

!

WARNING

Please store the chemical agents in a dark cold place free fromdirect sunlight.

!

WARNING

Please use the appropriate tank or the container, for storing thechemical agent, made of the material having enough corrosion
resistance to each chemical agent.

!

WARNING

Don't mix sodium hypochlorite with heavy metals or acids. In
particular, toxic chlorine gas is generated when mixing sodium
hypochlorite and acids.

!

WARNING

Don't mix sodium hypochlorite with oxalic acid or citric acid, or toxic
chlorine gas is generated.

!

CAUTION

Please stop the scouring air during the chemical cleaning, or themembrane elements might be damaged.

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III.
1.

SPECIFICATIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF “TMR140 SERIES”
Specifications of Element

TableIII-1 and Fig.III-1 shows the specifications and the appearance of the element for
TMR140 Series, respectively.
Table III-1 Specifications of Element (TSP-50150)
Model name

TSP-50150

Membrane configuration
Application

Flat sheet
Filtration of activated sludge

Filtration method

Suction filtration

Nominal pore diameter ( m)2
Effective membrane area (m )0.08

Dimensions (mm)Total width

515

Total height

1,608

Thickness

13.5

Dry

4.8

Wet (Reference)

8.0

Weight (kg)Membrane

Main material

515 mm1.4

PVDF and PET non-woven fiber

Supporting panel

ABS resin

Permeated water nozzle

50 mm

1608 mmFig.III-1

2.

Appearance of Element

Specifications of Polyurethane Permeate Tube
Table III-2 shows the specifications of Tube.
Table III-2 Specifications of Polyurethane Permeate Tube
Material
Inside diameter / outside diameter / total length(mm)

Thermoplastic polyether-polyurethane
1
TPU-ARET*
8/11/380*Allowable temperature limit: 60 degree C*1 The material name due to the ISO-18064.

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3.

Specifications and Performance of “TMR140 Series” Module

Table III-3 shows the specifications of “TMR140 Series” modules.
Table III-3 Specifications of Module
Model name

TMR140050S

TMR140100S

TMR140200W

TMR140200D

TMR140400DW

50

100

200

200

400

Double Deckwith 2 EBLs

4 EBLs (2x2)

Number of membrane elements
Element block (EBL) structure

Dimensions*1

Weight (kg)

1 EBL

Width (mm)

810

810

840

810

840

Length (mm)

950

1,620

3,260

1,620

3,260

Height (mm)

2,100

2,100

2,100

4,160

4,160

Module (dry)

400

695

1,430

1,365

2,710

Aeration block (dry)

40

65

150

65

150

Element block (dry)

360

630

1,280

1,300

2,560

Element block(sludge clogging)*2

690

1,240

2,480

2,500

4,980

304 stainless steel(316LSS is available as option)

Frame
Material

2 EBLsjointed

1 EBL

304 stainless steel(316LSS or Polypropylene *7 is available as option)

Diffuser, Permeated water
manifold

EPDM rubber

Element fixing gaskets
Connection
flange*3

Manifold

ANSI
1 1/2 inch

ANSI
2 inchANSI
3 inchANSI
2 inchANSI
3 inchAir diffuser

ANSI
1 1/4 inch

ANSI
1 1/2 inch

ANSI
2 inchANSI
1 1/2 inch

ANSI
2 inchTemperature

5-40 degree C*4

pH of liquid

5-10

MLSS

Operatingrange

Not higher than 18,000 mg/L

Trans-membrane pressure

Not higher than 20 kPa (200 mbar)

Cleaning chemicals feed
pressure

Not higher than 10 kPa (100 mbar)

Cleaning chemicals andchemicals concentration

Scouring Air Flow rate
(NL/min/Module) *6

*1
*2
*3
*4
*5
*6
*7

Sodium hypochlorite (effective chlorine concentration)： 2,000-6,000 mg/L(pH is around 12)
Oxalic acid：

0.5-1.0wt％

Citric acid：

1.0-3.0wt％

500 - 1,000

1,000 - 2,000*52,000 - 4,000

1,300 - 2,000

2,600 - 4,000

The total dimensions excluding the connection tube
The weight assumed in the case of sludge clogging between elements.
The flange dimensions are described in the drawings attached to this manual. UNI (ISO) flange is alsoavailable as option.
Except when the chemical cleaning with the designated chemical agents..
The air supply equipment such as blower shall be designed based on the standard operating conditions
shown in Table VII-1.
“NL” means air volume as being 0 degree C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm).
Please contact Toray if you would like to use Polypropylene diffuser/permeated water manifold. Additional
information will be provided.

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Table III-4 and III-5 shows the performance of ”TMR140 Series” modules.
Table III-4 Permeate water quality
TMR140050S

Model name
Permeate
water
quality*1

*1
*2
*3

TMR140100S

TMR140200W

TSS (mg/L) *2

Not higher than 3.0

Turbidity (NTU) *3

Not higher than 1.0

TMR140200D

TMR140400DW

This value can be attained when operated under the standard operating conditions as specified in thisInstruction Manual during a period specified separately by Toray.
Measuring method of TSS is complied with Standard Method of Examination of Water and Wastewaterth
20 Edition (1998), Section 2540D, Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103-105 degree C or ISO 11923.
Measuring method of NTU is complied with Standard Method of Examination of Water and Wastewaterth
20 Edition (1998), Section 2130, Turbidity or ISO 7027.

Table III-5 Flow capacity (Reference value)
TMR140050S

TMR140100S

TMR140200W

TMR140200D

TMR140400DW

Sewage8 - 5315 - 105

30 - 210

30 - 210

60 - 420

Industrial wastewater

8 - 3515 - 70

30 - 140

30 - 140

60 - 280

Model nameContinuous
Filtration
Flow (m3/d)*4This value is just a reference value and not a guarantee value of Toray. Sustainable operating filtration
flow capacity varies among the plant depending on the type of wastewater, total process design andoperating condition. In case of industrial wastewater application, it is strongly recommended to conduct
a pilot test before membrane tank designing.

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IV.

MEMBRANE FILTRATION PROCESS DESIGN FOR “TMR140 SERIES”

The standard filtration pattern time chart, the schematic flow diagram of the membrane
filtration, the layout of “TMR140 Series” modules in the membrane submerged tank, and thepiping procedures are described in this section. These would help you design the membrane
filtration process with “TMR140 Series”.
1.

Standard Time Chart

Two kinds of the filtration patterns are available with "TMR140 Series". Usually intermittent
filtration (filtration with relaxation) is adopted and details are shown below, whereas
sometimes simple continuous filtration can also be applied. In both cases aeration shall bedone continuously while filtrating.
In the case of the intermittent filtration, the filtration is suspended (“relaxed”) for a shortperiod at certain intervals while the air scouring continues, as shown in Fig.IV-1. While thefiltration is suspended, the membrane surface is cleaned up more effectively with thescouring air due to the absence of suction. Although the automatic system control for
periodical start and stop of the filtration is required, the intermittent filtration is recommended
for stable and efficient membrane filtration. The recommended time cycle for the intermittent
filtration is 9-minute filtration and 1-minute relaxation.
Please stop the scouring air when the filtration operation stops except for the following
conditions:
1) Each relaxation period in case of applying intermittent filtration.
2) In case that the plant operation stops for a while, aeration is applicable for mixing or
aeration demand, however, the flow rate should be controlled minimal.
F1: Average flow rate for treatment capacityand membrane area calculation
F2: Filtration flow rate for suction pumpcapacity calculation

Cycle of 10 minutes
F2
F1
Filtration
Filtration: 9 min.

Air diffusion

Relaxation: 1 min.

Continuous

Fig.IV-1 Recommended Time Chart for Intermittent Filtration

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2.

Flow Diagram of Membrane Filtration

Two schematic flow diagrams of the membrane filtration process are shown below. One is forthe gravity filtration with water head difference and the other is with suction pump. Major
necessary peripheral devices for membrane filtration process are described in the latter partof this section.
In any case, the fine screen with openings of 3.0 mm or under should be installed before themembrane submerged tank, or the modules might be polluted and clogged severely withtrashes brought with the raw water.
It is also recommended to prepare enough capacity of the buffer tank (flow equalization tank)prior to the MBR process to equalize BOD load and filtration flow capacity so as to enablestable operation of the biological treatment and membrane filtration process.
(1) Gravity filtration configuration
The filtration can be performed with using a natural water head differential pressure
generated from a vertical distance between the liquid level of the membrane submerged

L:OPEN
H:CLOSEtank and the level of the permeate water outlet (see Fig. IV-2).

Wastewater

Feed
ChemicalAir Outlet

FI

Fine Screen

Manifold

MembraneLS
H

Lower Limit alarm

L

Submerged

PIA

Tank
PIA
FIC: Flow Rate Indicator/Controller

FIC

LS : Level Switch
PIA: Pressure Indicator/Alarm

L:CLOSE
H:OPEN
Permeate water outlet

FI : Flow Meter

Membrane Module

Air Diffuser“U-shape”

Fig. IV-2 Schematic Flow Diagram for Gravity Filtration
In order to obtain enough suction pressure for the filtration considering the friction loss ofpipe and valves, the permeate water outlet should be located sufficiently below the liquid

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level of the membrane submerged tank (normally 3 m below water level or lower).
It is recommended that the piping from the permeate water manifold to the permeate wateroutlet should directly penetrate the tank wall, as shown in Fig.IV-2. Also if the permeate
water outlet is located in the open air, it is recommended to make the outlet pipe U-shape toseal the piping with water.
The permeate water flow is controlled with the automatic control valve (the permeate control
valve). When the liquid level of the membrane submerged tank gets to the lower limit, thiscontrol valve fully closes the permeate water line to stop the filtration. When the liquid level
gets to the higher limit, the automatic shutter valve on the raw water feed line closes its line
to stop raw water coming.
In this gravity filtration, the air accumulated in the permeate water line should be discharged oncea day at least; otherwise the effective water head is reduced seriously. The air purge nozzle
should be installed at the highest position of the permeate water line and the automatic shutter
valve (the air purge valve) is recommended to be installed on the line just before the nozzle. (Asshown in Fig.IV-2) Stopping the filtration (fully closing the permeate control valve) and opening
the air purge valve for a few minutes, the air is easily purged.

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(2) Pump suction configuration

L:OPEN
H:CLOSE

Fig. IV-3 illustrates the general configuration for pump suction filtration.

Air outlet

FIC

Feed
chemical

L:CLOSE
H:OPEN
Permeate water

Raw water
VFD or auto valve
Fine screen

FI

LS

PIA

H

Manifold

Lower limit alarm

L
FIC : Flow rate indicator/Controller
LS : Level Switch
PIA : Pressure indicator/AlarmFI : Flow indicator
PIA
Air diffuser

Membrane Module
Fig.IV-3 Schematic Flow Diagram for Pump Suction Operation

The permeate water flow is controlled by a flow meter and a suction pump with an automatic
control valve or by a flow meter and a suction pump with VFD control. In case water level inthe membrane submerged basin gets to the lower limit, filtration has to be stopped. If thewater level reaches the upper limit, the level controller will stop raw water inflow.
In some cases with this pump suction configuration, an equipment may be needed todischarge the air accumulated in the permeate water line. A range of methods can be applied
for this air removal such as vacuum pump, ejector or manual water injection. Please contact
TORAY or refer to the engineering manual for the details.
(3) Necessary devices for membrane filtration process
Major necessary peripheral devices to operate membrane filtration process are explained
below. Some other devices than mentioned below might be required case by case.

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a.

Fine screen
The wastewater should be treated by screen with openings of 3.0 mm or underbefore flowing into the membrane submerged tank, otherwise the modules arepolluted and clogged with foreign substances seriously. It is recommended to use
the mesh type screen. Overflow or waste carryover must be avoided at any time.

b.

Flow control device
A flow rate controller, a flow meter combined with an automatic control valve, or aflow meter combined with VFD controlled suction pump should be installed on thepermeate water line to control the flow rate of permeate water. In the case ofoperating a number of “TMR140 Series” modules simultaneously in one train, it isadvised to install one flow rate controller for one train of the modules.

c.

Differential pressure measurement & calculation
For trans-membrane pressure (TMP) determination the differential pressure (in thepermeate line and water level) has to be measured and calculated, either by
installing two pressure sensors and calculating the readings in the PLC or by using a
differential pressure device.
In the former case, one pressure gauge should be installed on the permeate waterline and the other one in the membrane submerged tank, to monitor thetrans-membrane pressure. In case of operating a number of “TMR140 Series”
modules simultaneously in one train, it is advised to install one differential pressure
measuring instrument for one train of the modules.
[Example]
P2

PIA

a mm

b mm

P1
PIA

Fig.IV-4 Differential Pressure Measurement & Calculation

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a = 1,000 mm (= 10 kPa, 100 mbar), b = 3,000 mm (= 30 kPa, 300 mbar)
PIA readings;
Filtration (pump ON)

Relaxation (pump OFF)P1 (kPa)

29

30

P2 (kPa)-15-10

In this case, differential pressure (dP) is calculated as follows;dP= (P1Filtration - P1Relaxation) - (P2Filtration - P2Relaxation)= (29) - (30) - [(-15)-(-10)]= 4 kPad.

Air supply unit (such as a blower)
This unit supplies air to the air diffusers of "TMR140 Series" module. The air flowrate supplied to the module should be always within the range of "Scouring Air FlowRate" indicated in Table III-3.

e.

Air flow meter.
An air flow meter is recommended to be installed to check the flow rate of thescouring air supplied to the module. In case of operating a number of “TMR140
Series” modules simultaneously in a train, it is advised to install at least one air flow
meter for each train.

f.

Suction pump
A suction pump is required in the case of pump suction configuration. Accurate flowrate control is needed for the suction pump with VFD control. The use of a volute
pump (centrifugal pump) or volumetric pump (screw pump) with self-priming function
is recommended.

g.

Level sensor
Level sensor is necessary to be installed in the membrane submerged tank tomonitor and control the liquid level of the membrane tank and to calculate the TMP
in PLC.

h.

Siphon breaking piping
In case of pump suction, filtration flow may not be stopped by stopping suction
pump if the discharge point of the permeate water is lower than water level of themembrane submerged basin. This siphon flow has to be avoided and permeate flow
has to be stopped whenever pump stops.

!

CAUTION

Please install the screen with openings of 3.0 mm or under before
the membrane submerged tank. It is recommended to use the meshtype screen. Overflow or waste carryover must be avoided at any
time.

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3. Layout of “TMR140 Series” Modules in Membrane Submerged Tank
(1)

Layout of Modules in Membrane Submerged Tank

Fig.IV-5a shows how the liquid circulates in the membrane submerged tank. An upward flow
is generated as the air is supplied from the lower side of the membrane modules. The flow
then goes downward along both sides of the element block.
This circulation flow cleans the membrane surfaces and at the same time agitates sludge
liquid. It is very important to arrange the membrane modules with appropriate distances inorder to obtain an effective circulation flow.
Fig.IV-5a and Fig.IV-5b present a side view and a top view of the tank containing three
membrane modules respectively. It is required to keep the dimensions of W1, W2, W3 andL1 as mentioned below.

Liquid Level

L1
W1

W2

ModuleW1

W2

ModuleTop of Element

ModuleFig.IV-5a Membrane Module Layout in Membrane submerged Tank (side view)
W3
W1
ModuleW1

W2

W2
ModuleTank Wall

ModuleW3

Fig.IV-5b Membrane Module Layout in Membrane submerged Tank (top view)

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(i)

W1 :

380 to 680 mm(ii) W2 :430 to 730 mm(iii) W3 :W3 should be as short as possible (normally about 400 mm) within the range
allowing piping and maintenance work.

(iv) L1 :L1, the distance between the top of the element and the liquid level of the tank,should be 500 mm or over at any time of the operation.

*

Please contact us in the case of facing difficulties with a layout design, including
installation of the membrane modules in the existing aeration tank.

*

Please contact us in the case of the undulated floor of the tank. It is recommended to
install the modules with stands as shown in Fig.IV-6.

Tank Wall

ModuleStand

Bottom of Tank

Fig.IV-6 Installation with Stands (side view)(2) Layout of Modules installed with Other Aeration Equipment
In the case that the membrane modules are installed in the tank with other oxygen-supplying
aeration equipment or in the existing tank where there is already other oxygen-supplying
aeration equipment, please take the following precautions in addition to what is mentioned in
the above section.
Please keep twice of W3 of the distance between the modules and other oxygen-supplying
equipment in the case shown in Fig.IV-7,

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W1

W2

ModuleModuleW1

W2

Tank wall

Module2 X W3OxygenSupplying
Aeration
Equipment

Fig.IV-7 Membrane Module Layout in Membrane Submerged Tank with Other
Aeration Equipment (top view)

Please keep twice of W1 of the distance between the modules and other aeration equipmentin the case shown in Fig.IV-8,
W3
2×W1

Tank wall

W2
ModuleW1

W2
ModuleModuleW3

Oxygen Supplying
Aeration Equipment

Fig.IV-8 Membrane Module Layout in Membrane Submerged Tank with Other
Aeration Equipment (top view)

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4.

Piping

The procedures of the pipe arrangement for the air diffusers and the permeate water
manifold are described in this section. The connections of the air diffuser and the permeate
water manifold are shown in the module drawings attached to this manual.
(1) Pipe Arrangement for the air diffusers
The pipe from the air supply device (the blower) is connected to the air diffusers with theflange (A). (see Fig.IV-9). It is recommended to install the flange connection (B) above theliquid surface on this pipe line in order to disjoint the piping in the case of lifting the modules..
Please install branch pipe and valves for cleaning the air diffuser with air jet from the blower.
It is advisable to locate the branch pipe within 500 mm above the liquid surface, and it ishighly recommended to install the automatic cleaning system with automatic valves. Please
see VIII-2 for the procedure of cleaning the air diffusers.
B
Header pipe

B
500mm or lessLiquid level

Discharge valve
Branch pipeA

Air diffuser

Fig.IV-9 Example of Piping to Air diffuser

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(2) Piping to the manifold
Fig.IV-10 and Fig.IV-11 give two examples of leading permeated water from the Membrane
Submerged Tank. Fig.IV-10 shows downward piping and Fig.IV-11 shows upward piping.
The downward piping is for the operation with natural water head. The upward piping is forthe operation with suction pump in the case that the pump is located above the Membrane
Submerged Tank.
In both upward and downward piping, the chemical injection valve and the air discharge
valve should be installed on a branch pipe of the line from the permeate water manifold tothe permeate water valve. The devices necessary for chemical cleaning are described in
VIII-3 to VIII-6.
Air discharge valve
from Chemical feed line
Chemicalinjection valve
Permeated water valve

to Permeatedwater outlet

Fig.IV-10 Downward Piping from Membrane Submerged Tank
Chemical injection valve
From Chemical feed line

Air discharge valve

to Suction pump
Permeatedwater valve

Fig.IV-11 Upward Piping from Membrane Submerged Tank

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V.
1.

INSTALLATION OF “TMR140 SERIES”
Preparatory Procedure(1)

Make sure the transportation plan for “TMR140 Series” including a carry-in route.

(2)

Arrange all necessary equipments for unloading “TMR140 Series” from the truck,such as forklift.

(3)

Prior to installation, please confirm that all necessary works in the membrane
submerged tank are completed. All waste from the tank, such as concrete clusters,
scrapes and mill ends, should be removed completely. Also, please confirm that
there is no leakage of water or air from the tanks or pipes.

2.

Unloading/lifting Products

Unload "TMR140 Series” with suitable equipment such as forklift.
Please note the followings for unloading "TMR140 Series".
(1)

The element block and the aeration block are separately packed in cardboard box
and delivered. The element block contains a fixed number of membrane elements
installed in it.

(2)

Do not hoist the delivered cardboard box which contains element block(s) or
aeration block(s). Please use forklift for moving the box on site.

(3)

Do not stand or sit on the top of the box.

(4)

When lifting "TMR140 Series" (or lifting element block / aeration block separately)
after unpacking, please set a hook on all hang holes and lift it keeping it horizontal.

(5)

Please be careful not to damage element nozzles, air diffusers, permeate
manifolds or other components.

(6)

Please ensure safety anytime when doing these operations.

!

DANGER

When lifting “TMR140 Series”, please attach chains or slings to it
and lift it straight upward calmly to prevent “TMR140 Series” fromshaking. Never allow any person under “TMR140 Series”.

!

DANGER

Please use chains or slings compatible with lifting weight.

!

DANGERBe sure to set down the module where there is no obstacle.
Otherwise, the module may topple down and get damaged.

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3.

Checking Products

Please check the followings soon after carrying in “TMR140 Series”:

4.

(1)

All items are delivered as stated in the shipping ticket.

(2)

No damage is caused in transit.

(3)

The protective covers are fit in the right position.

Storage Products

Please store "TMR140 Series" indoors under lower than 40 degree C of the temperature,keep it horizontal and avoid direct sunlight to prevent the membrane from deterioration.
Throughout the entire process of installation work from transportation to operation startup,
please take adequate measures to protect the elements and other components from damage.
Especially please protect them from sparks caused in welding, fusion cutting or grinding, byusing fireproof sheets or other protective measures.
If “TMR140 Series” is to be stored outdoors unavoidably during construction period, pleaseminimize the period of outdoor storage, and also comply with the following requirements:(1) Maintain the temperature below 40 degree C.
(2) Prevent from freezing.
(3) Prevent from getting wet and dew condensation.
(4) Prevent from immersed in the water.
(5) Avoid direct sunlight.

!

CAUTION

Please do not leave "TMR140 Series" for hours in the place where
the temperature is higher than 40 degree C or in the place exposed
to direct sunlight. Especially ABS supporting panel may be
deteriorated with direct sunlight, ultraviolet ray.

!

CAUTION

Protect “TMR140 Series” from freezing.

!

CAUTION

Take adequate measures to protect “TMR140 Series” from sparks
caused in welding, fusion cutting or grinding.

!

CAUTION

Protect the element from damages. Don't put any heavy objects on
the module. Protect it from collision with other object.

!

CAUTIONBe careful not to damage the rubber parts of air diffusers andelement fixing brackets.

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5.

Installation Products

Please check the followings before module installation:(1) All the necessary works in the membrane submerged tank has been completed.
(2) Tank and pipes have been cleaned.
(3) Please confirm that there is no leakage of water or air from the tanks or pipes.
(4) Operation checks of major equipments, including pumps, blowers, sensors andcontrol system, have been confirmed by clean water test.
Please check the tie-in with the assembly drawings attached at the end of this manual. And
please contact TORAY beforehand if you want to install the module in the tank without using
anchors (e.g., using guide rails instead).
(1) Installation Aeration Blocks (on the bottom of the membrane submerged tank using
anchors)
Please first install the aeration blocks in the membrane submerged tank using anchors.
The air diffusers should be set horizontal in order to achieve uniform scouring aeration. The
maximum allowable levelness error for the air diffusers is 3/1,000 on the top surface of theaeration block in both lateral and longitudinal directions.
(2)

Plumbing in Air Diffusers

Prior to plumbing in the air diffusers, please flush all pipes out. The air diffuser should beconnected to the pipe from air supply unit with the flanges.
After plumbing in the air diffusers, please charge the membrane submerged tank with cleanwater until the aeration blocks are completely submerged in the water, and then supply air tothe air diffusers. Please check the air shall be provided evenly for each aeration block andalso the air shall be diffused evenly in each aeration block.
(3) Installation Element Blocks
Please take the following steps for each module type and install the element blocks on theaeration blocks. Please be sure to take adequate measures after installation, to protect theelements and other components from damage, such as covering with fireproof sheets.
a. TMR140-050S and 100S
Please put the element blocks on the aeration blocks and joint both of them using
provided bolts.

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Element block

Aeration block
TMR140-050S

TMR140-100S

b. TMR140-200W
Model "TMR140-200W" consists of two element blocks and one aeration block. Eachelement block has one manifold and each manifold has one blank flange at the end.
Please remove beforehand a blank flange from both element blocks which would be an
obstacle when jointing those two element blocks.
Then, put those two element blocks on the aeration block and joint those element blocks
with the aeration block using provided bolts.

Element block
Element block

Aeration block
TMR140-200W

c.

TMR140-200D
At first, please put the lower element block furnished with intermediate block onto theaeration block, and joint it with the aeration block using provided bolts. And next, please
put the other (upper) element block on the first element block, and joint it with theintermediate block using provided bolts.

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Upper element block
Intermediate block
Lower element block
Aeration block
TMR140-200D
d. TMR140-400DW
Model "TMR140-400DW" consists of four element blocks (two upper, two lower) and one
aeration block. Each element block has one manifold and each manifold has one blankflange at the end.
At first, please locate two (upper/lower) element blocks on the level. Then remove
beforehand a blank flange from all element blocks, loosen the U-bolts on the manifolds,
connect one manifold to the other one manifold, fasten U-bolts and check that the
manifolds are secured firmly. After that attach the connection plates* to the middle ofupper/lower two blocks, and attach the intermediate blocks onto the lower two blocks byprovided bolts.
And then, please put the lower element blocks furnished with intermediate blocks onto
the aeration block using I-beam hanger*, and next, please put the other (upper) element
blocks on the intermedate blocks using I-beam hanger*.
* Reference drawings of connection plates and hanger are supplied by Toray, however theseare just for your reference. Design, manufacturing and usage of these parts shall be done with
OEM’s responsibility considering local safety regulation.

Upper element blocks
Intermediate blocks
Lower element blocks
Aeration block

TMR140-400DW

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(4) Plumbing in Permeate Water Manifold
Please take the following steps for each module type.
The manifold is shipped from the factory with one blank flange furnished at one end. Pleaseconnect the manifold to the permeate water line at the other end. It is requested for the buyer
to get and use the flange fit for the connection of the manifold if necessary.
As the manifold is designed to allow fine adjustment of height with the brackets on its bothends, please adjust the brackets to raise the permeated water outlet side a little higher thanthe other side in order to prevent the air from accumulating in the manifold.
Please flush out the permeate water line before connection. Don't apply pressure to thepermeate side of the element, or the element may get damaged.
Please take the following steps for each module type.
a.

TMR140-050S and 100S
Please connect one end of the manifold to the permeated water pipe, and leave theother end closed with a blank flange.

b.

TMR140-200W and 400DW(i) One-side connection
Please loosen the U-bolts on the manifolds, connect one manifold to the other,fasten U-bolts and check that the manifolds are secured firmly. And then, connect
one end of the joined manifolds to the permeated water pipe. The other end of the
manifold should be left closed with a blank flange.
(ii) Two-side connection (alternative)
Please loosen the U-bolts on the manifolds connect one manifold to the other, fasten
U-bolts and check that the manifolds are secured firmly. And then, please connect
both ends of the joined manifolds to the permeated water pipe.

c.

TMR140-200D and 400DW
Please connect one end of each upper and lower manifold to each upper and lower
permeated water line. Please leave the other end closed with a blank flange.

!

DANGER

When lifting “TMR140 Series”, please attach chains or slings to it
and lift it straight upward calmly to prevent “TMR140 Series” fromshaking. Never allow any person under “TMR140 Series”.

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!

DANGERUse chains or slings compatible with lifting weight.

!

DANGER

Never climb the module. Please set up the foothold when
installation. Use protective equipments to ensure the safety.

!

CAUTION

Don't apply pressure to the permeate side.

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VI.
1.

START OF OPERATION
Clean Water Operation(1) Checking items before operation
At first, please make the following inspections and arrangements in this order:a.

Check that the air diffusion pipe and the permeated water pipes are connected
properly.

b.

Check that the element block is securely installed on the aeration block.

c.

Check that the membrane submerged tank has been cleaned up completely andthen remove the protective cover. The presence of soil and dust may cause
damages to the module.

d.

Open the air discharge valve to release air from the element before feeding cleanwater to the membrane submerged tank.

e.

Feed clean water (tap water or filtered water) to the membrane submerged tank up
to the operating liquid level.

f.

Close the air discharge valve after feeding water.

!

CAUTION

Open the air discharge valve before feeding clean water to themembrane submerged tank. Close the air discharge valve after
feeding water.

!

CAUTION

Don’t use natural ground water for clean water operation, as it may
contain much amount of iron, manganese, calcium, and silica
which may cause the clogging in the membrane.

(2) Clean water operation
After feeding clean water to the membrane submerged tank, please start clean water
operation in accordance with the following procedure:a.

Start the blower to supply air to the air diffusers. Check that the required amount of
air is supplied to the air diffusers and the air is diffused evenly within each module.
*

Foaming may occur in the membrane submerged tank during clean water
operation. This phenomenon is caused by the dissolution of biodegradablehydrophilic components contained in the membrane. Operation can becontinued regardless of the foaming.

b.

When using only one blower to achieve air diffusion for two or more modules, checkthat the required amount of air is evenly supplied to each module. Otherwise, modify
the piping structure (such as the diameter of the header pipe) to attain uniform air
supply.

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c.

Check the control devices work well during the clean water operation,d.

Start filtration with clean water. Measure and record the trans-membrane pressure
and water temperature at designed filtration rates (at a normal, maximum andminimum flow rate). Maintain such records.

e.

2.

Stop the filtration and the air supply as soon as the above tests finish.

!

CAUTION

Don't conduct clean water operation for a long time. Clean water
operation tends to cause membrane clogging.

!

CAUTION

Keep the membrane wet once it gets wet with clean water
operation. If that membrane get dried up, the permeability may bedecreased seriously.

Seeding Sludge Injection

The membrane may get clogged seriously if you filtrate the wastewater without activatedsludge, so don't fail to inject the seeding sludge first before starting filtration.
Please inject the seeding sludge to the membrane submerged tank with the following steps:(1)

Transport fresh and healthy activated sludge from the other wastewater treatment
plant treating the same kind of wastewater. Activated sludge with higher MLSS
concentration and higher MLVSS/MLSS ratio is preferable. Initial MLSS
concentration of the membrane submerged tank shall be preferably 7,000 mg/L or
higher, at least 3,000 mg/L.

(2)

Supply the seed sludge through the screen to the tank.

(3)

Please start feeding the raw wastewater soon after the sludge injection.

(4)

Do not use seeding agents.

(5)

Do not use silica-based anti-foam agent in case of foaming.

!
3.

CAUTION

Remove foreign matters from the seeding sludge with the meshscreen whose opening is 3.0 mm or under before injection.

Actual Filtration Operation

Following the seeding sludge injection, please start the air diffusion, the filtration and the raw
wastewater feed.
Attention needs to be paid to this start-up operation such as:(1)

Start filtration with much lower flux than design value, especially when seeding
sludge MLSS does not reach 7,000 mg/L, and gradually increase the flux

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considering F/M ratio. Initial seeding sludge is not yet acclimatized to the MBR
operation and in such condition filtration with higher flux may lead to membrane
fouling.
(2)

Sludge parameters such as MLSS and sludge filterability should be checked
frequently to assess the actual sludge condition.

(3)

Check the air diffuser cleaning procedure and confirm it works. Details for theprocedure are given in the chapter VIII

(4)

Once the permeate water flow gets stabilized, please measure and record thetrans-membrane pressure and the liquid temperature. Details for operation control
are given in the next chapter.

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VII.

OPERATION CONTROL

1.

Standard Operating Conditions

Table VII-1 shows standard operating conditions for “TMR140 Series".
These operating parameters such as MLSS, sludge viscosity, DO (dissolved oxygen
concentration) and pH should be kept in the range of the standard operation conditions given
in Table VII-1 in order to ensure stable operation.
The raw water should be treated with the proper pretreatment facilities before the membrane
modules to remove foreign matters which is harmful to the membrane such as big chunks ofsuspended solid or oil.
Please use an alcohol-based antifoaming agent* if necessary.
* Recommended:

Kurita Water Industries “Kuriless P.F-663”
Schill & Seilacher “Structol SB2032”

The operating conditions may change from this standard conditions, depending on thecharacteristics of the sludge, the raw water quality and/or other given operating
circumstances.
Table VII-1 Standard Operating Conditions for “TMR140 Series”
Parameter

Unit

Operating condition

MLSS

mg/L

Sludge viscosity*

mPa s

DO
pH
Liquid temperature

mg/L
degree C32
m /m /d (m/d)
2
L/m /h (LMH)

7,000 - 18,000
Not higher than 100 **Not higher than 250 ***1.0 or more
6-8
15 - 400.75 or less31.2 or less
650
1,300
2,600
1,500
3,000

Continuous average filtration flux

Scouring air flowrate

TMR140-050S
TMR140-100S
TMR140-200W
TMR140-200D
TMR140-400DW

NL/min/Module* Measured by single cylinder rotary viscometer.
** B type viscometer, e.g. VT-03F by Rion Co., Ltd.
*** C type viscometer, e.g. TVC-5 by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.

!

WARNING

Don't use the permeate water for drinking.

33

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!

WARNING

Analyze the quality of the permeate water to ensure that the water
quality meets the intended purpose before actual use.

!

CAUTION

Don't use chemicals, toxic agents, oils or other substances that
can adversely affect activated sludge.

!

CAUTIONABS supporting panel may get chemical cracks by some organic
solvent, such as alcohols and oils, and some synthetic detergents.
So don't make ABS panel contact such materials.

!

CAUTION

Avoid abrupt changes in pH, temperature, trans-membranepressure or any other conditions even if they are within thestandard operating conditions (Table VII-1).

!

CAUTION

Replace consumable parts regularly after inspection.

!

CAUTION

Protect the modules from freezing.

34

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2.

Operating Parameters

The performance of “TMR140 Series” varies in accordance with the raw water quality and theoperating conditions. It is recommended to monitor and record the values of operating
parameters in order to achieve the stable operation and the expected performance with
“TMR140 Series”.
The following shows the operating parameters for the operation of “TMR140 Series”:(1)

Scouring Air Flow rate (blower air flow)(2)

Diffusion pressure (blower discharge pressure)(3)

Permeated water flow rate

(4)

Trans-membrane pressure (TMP)(5)

Liquid temperature of membrane submerged tank(6)

DO (dissolved oxygen) concentration of membrane submerged tank(7)

pH of membrane submerged tank

(8)

MLSS

(9)

Raw water quality (BOD, COD, turbidity, T-N, T-P, etc.)(10)Permeated water quality (BOD, COD, turbidity, T-N, T-P, TSS etc.)(11)

Excess-sludge discharge rate

(12)

Sludge viscosity(13)

Sludge volume (SV30 or SV60)(14)

Sludge filterability

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3.

Basic Control Philosophy

Listed below is the basic control philosophy for operating “TMR140 Series”. Please note that
this is a basic one and detailed control philosophy for each project shall be examined
carefully on a case-by-case basis.
(1) Suction pump: Run intermittently by timer (9 min on/1 min off), VFD control for flow rate,
stop filtration by low MBR tank level or high TMP. It will never run when no air comes to
MBR tank, and to ensure enough sludge mixing when restarting, pump is allowed to run
after one minute delay from starting MBR air flow. It will stop during air diffuser cleaning.
(2) Membrane scouring blower: 24/7 continuous operation except in the case of long
operation stop by no feed or low membrane submerged tank water level (in that case, 5
min per hour intermittent aeration).
(3) Membrane submerged tank water level: Low -> stop filtration for membrane protection,
High -> stop wastewater feed.
(4) TMP: High (+5kPa from initial) -> Alarm for chemical cleaning, High High (20kPa or
above) -> Alarm, then stop filtration.
(5) Air diffuser cleaning valves: Take action by timer at least once in a day (frequency shallbe adjustable).

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AIRE-064-1-6

4.

Daily Inspection

For the operating parameters listed in the preceding section, perform inspection periodically,at least once per week, as follows. Please check trends of these data and take necessary
actions before too late.
(1) Diffused air conditions
Please check that the fixed amount of air within the standard range is supplied from thediffuser by checking air flow-meter and pressure gage of the air supply line. Also, check thatthe air is diffused evenly within one module and also evenly among modules. Deviation in thescouring air flow rate from the standard intensity may cause the membrane clogging in the
weak zone and element damage in the strong zone. So in such a case, stop filtration, andcheck the leakage from the piping, valve situation and the blower condition. If necessary,take appropriate actions, such as adjusting the scouring air flow rate. If extraordinary unevendiffusion still continues, conduct the air diffuser inspection and cleaning procedure describedin Section 2, Chapter VIII.

!

CAUTION

If the scouring air flow rate drops or becomes extremely irregular orif air supply is stopped, then immediately stop filtration to prevent
membrane clogging.

(2) Trans-membrane pressure
Please check that the trans-membrane pressure is stable and carry out chemical cleaning
before the trans-membrane pressure increase by 5 kPa (50 mbar) from its initial operatinglevel at the same permeated water flow rate. Sudden increase in the trans-membranepressure suggests the membrane clogging caused by abnormal diffused air condition, toohigh flux, concentration of the sludge in membrane submerged tank or deteriorating sludge
properties. In such an event, check the operating condition and biological condition and takenecessary actions and carry out chemical cleaning of the elements.
(3) Activated sludge characteristics
The activated sludge of the membrane bioreactor should be self-cohesive and free from odor.
The color of the activated sludge is typically brown, however differs among plants, depending
on wastewater component, organic load and so on. If unexpected change is observed insludge characteristics, check the operating condition, such as BOD load, MLSS
concentration, DO, pH, temperature and/or wastewater component, and take appropriate
actions.

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(4) Water temperature
The desirable water temperature is 15 degree C to 40 degree C. If the temperature is out of
this range and the activated sludge property is not good, it is recommendable to installtemperature control device to cool or heat the liquid.
(5) DOAny point in the aeration tank and the membrane submerged tank should be kept at oxic
condition. If DO is less than 1.0 mg/L, take necessary actions such as increasing the air-flowrate of the biological aeration unit, or lower the sludge concentration by increasing excess
sludge discharge rate. In case the blower and air piping for membrane scouring is notseparated from the biological aeration system, control the membrane scouring air flow rate atfixed value without being affected by DO control in oxidation process.
(6) pHThe desirable pH range is 6 to 8. If pH is out of this range and the activated sludge property
is not good, please adjust pH by gradually adding acid or alkali.
(7) MLSSMLSS concentration in the membrane submerged tank should be normally 7,000 to 18,000
mg/L. If MLSS is too low, please decrease excess sludge discharge rate. If MLSS is too high,please check the return activated sludge flow rate and if it is low, please increase the RAS
rate at proper value. If RAS rate is proper, please increase excess sludge discharge rate.
(8) Water level
Check the water level of the membrane submerged tank is kept in the appropriate range. If
this requirement is not met, check the situation of the control system, particularly thecondition of the level meter, pumps or membranes, and when necessary, take corrective
actions.
(9) Sludge viscosity
It is desirable that the sludge viscosity is not higher than 100 mPa.s (measured by B-type
viscometer) or 250 mPa.s (measured by C-type viscometer). If the sludge viscosity is too
high, please check the operating condition and biological condition, such as F/M ratio, andtake necessary actions.
(10) Sludge volume (SV30 or SV60)

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This is almost same as what is usually measured in the CAS plant, the only difference is that
MBR sludge needs to be diluted by permeate water (5-fold) to be measureable with usual
method. This SV value can be an on-site indicator of sludge property and we recommend
conducting this measurement routinely and checking the trend of the daily value inassociation with other inspection items. In case of abrupt decrease in SV value, check theoperating condition and biological condition, and take necessary actions.

(11)

Sludge filterability

Paper filtration method is simple and reliable method to grasp the filtration property of thesludge. Please see the method described in attached document. We recommend conducting
paper filtration test and measurement of TOC and/or turbidity of filtered water routinely. In
case of abrupt decrease in filterability and/or increase in TOC/turbidity, check the operating
condition and biological condition, and take necessary actions.
(12)

Pretreatment system

In addition to operating parameters for the operation of “TMR140 Series”, please check thestatus of the pretreatment system (particularly the fine screen system) regularly and remove
the accumulated trashes whenever necessary.

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VIII.

MAINTENANCE OF “TMR140 SERIES”

1.

Maintenance Items and Maintenance Frequency

Please perform strictly the following items to maintain “TMR140 Series" in good condition.
(1)

Clean the air diffusers (everyday)(2)

Chemical cleaning of the element (when the trans-membrane pressure has risenby 5 kPa (50 mbar) or more from its initial operating level at the same permeatedwater flow rate or every 6 months, whichever comes first).

(3)

Replace connection tubes (once in 3 years, or when deteriorated)(4)

Replace element fixing gaskets (once in 3 years or when deteriorated).

(5)

Replace elements (when the specified treatment flow rate is not gained evenafter chemical cleaning or when deteriorated, whichever comes first).

!

CAUTIONBe sure to use the specified types of the replacement parts.

!

CAUTION

Please contact TORAY for the detailed specifications and the
procurement routes for replacement parts!

CAUTION

Insert the tube securely into the foot of the nozzle when replacing
the tube.

!

CAUTION

Don't apply excess force to the element and manifold nozzles toprevent damage when replacing permeate tubes or elements.,!

CAUTION

Don’t re-use the old permeate tubes once disconnected from thenozzles since the connection tightness of the tubes are reduced.

!

CAUTION

Please note that element replacement is admissible only under thepresence of TORAY service staff.

40

AIRE-064-1-6

2.

Air Diffuser Cleaning

The clogging of diffuser holes causes uneven air diffusion and membrane clogging, and theelements are broken in the worst case. Please clean the air diffusers at least once a day ormore to prevent such trouble (it is recommended to install the automatic air diffuser cleaningsystem with automatic valves). The air diffusers are cleaned up with the reverse flow of thesludge from the diffuser holes into the diffuser pipes, which is generated by the air jet flowfrom the blower through the air diffuser pipes to the branch discharge nozzle.
Please make sure of the discharge of sludge from branch nozzles when conducting diffuser
cleaning. Frequent cleaning with longer discharge helps keep air diffuser clean.
Blower B(1) Air diffuser cleaning procedure - Principle
V1

V2

V3

Branch nozzle

V4

(i)

Stop filtration.

(ii)

Open V2 valve.

(iii)

Close V1 valve. At this step, the sludge
liquid comes through the diffuser holes
into diffuser piping, and is discharged

Air Flow
direction

Air Supply Pipe

Air Diffuser

together with the air.

Open Valve(iv)

Keep V2 valve open for 1 to 5 minutes.

(v)

Open V1 valve, and then close V2
valve.

Close Valve(vi)

Clean the other line in the samemanner as follows.

(vii) Open V4 valve.

Cleaning(viii) Close V3 valve. At this step, the sludge

Blower B

liquid comes through the diffuser holes
into diffuser piping, and is discharged
V1

V2

together with the air.

V3
V4

(ix)

Keep V4 valve open for 1 to 5 minutes.

(x)

Open V3 valve, and then close V4
valve.

(xi)

Restart filtration.

Open Valve
Close Valve41

AIRE-064-1-6

(2)Air diffuser cleaning procedure - Practical design

For multiple module operation, the flushing procedure described in the previous section can beapplied for each module. However, a more convenient and simple approach is shown in Fig.
VIII-1. Each inlet point of the air diffuser should be connected to each of two air headers, andeach header equipped with two valves (automatic valves are strongly recommended) at the inlet
point and end point (both higher than water level). The procedure & standard duration time ofeach action are as follows:
Flushing: to clean air diffusers, 1 to 5 minutes for each flushing event.
Purge: to blow out inside header pipes, around 30 seconds for each purge event.
Filtration must be stopped prior to starting the air diffuser cleaning procedure and restarted after
air scouring is started. Please take care not to allow sludge to flow toward the blower.

Air

Air scouring

1) Purge (1/3)

Air

Sludge & Air

2) Flushing (1/2)

3) Purge (2/3)

Sludge & Air

4) Flushing (2/2)

Fig.VIII-1

Air5) Purge (3/3)
After 5) back to air scouring.

Air Diffuser Cleaning Procedure for Multiple Modules

42

AIRE-064-1-6

3. Chemical Cleaning of Element
Chemical cleaning of element should be conducted when the trans-membrane pressure rises
to excess. Such a pressure increase can be caused when contaminants clog the pores of themembrane surface. The timing of chemical cleaning is determined as follows:(1) When the trans-membrane pressure rises by 5 kPa (50 mbar) from its initial
operating level at the same permeated water flow rate or every 6 months, whichevercomes first. For example, if an MBR was operated at 7 kPa (70 mbar) TMP in its
initial period, then 12 kPa (120 mbar) is the TMP trigger for chemical cleaning.
(2) If the trans-membrane pressure rises rapidly, please conduct chemical cleaningmuch earlier. The earlier chemical cleaning is much effective to recover and keep thepermeability of the membrane.
(3) In the case that the trans-membrane pressure rises by 5 kPa (50 mbar) within 6months, it is recommended to observe how many months it takes for thetrans-membrane pressure to rise by 5 kPa (50 mbar) and conduct chemical cleaning
periodically. This measurement is effective to prolong the life of membranes.
(4) When the permeability of the membrane is not recovered by a single chemicalcleaning, there is a chance to recover permeability by carrying it out repeatedly.
4.

Chemical Agents Available for Chemical Cleaning

It is quite important to select chemicals for the chemical cleaning in accordance with the typeof adherent contaminant. Cleaning under inappropriate cleaning conditions or using thewrong chemicals may cause poorer filtration performance or damage the membrane. Please
select chemicals suitable for each contaminant. Table VIII-1 shows suitable chemicals andstandard cleaning conditions.
Table VIII-1 Cleaning Chemicals and Standard Cleaning Conditions by ContaminantContaminantChemical

Organic matter

Sodiumhypochlorite

Inorganic matter(either of the two
chemicals)

Solution concentration

Amount used

Hold time(Effective chlorine concentration)(pH is about 12)

5 L/element

1 to 3 hours

Oxalic acid*

0.5-1.0 wt%

5 L/element

1 to 3 hours

Citric acid

1-3 wt%

5 L/element

1 to 3 hours

2,000-6,000 mg/L

* Oxalic acid should not be applied when wastewater contains calcium, since calcium oxalate may form on
the membrane surface which can choke membrane pores.

43

AIRE-064-1-6

5.

Handling of Chemical AgentsThe chemical agents used for chemical cleaning are harmful to the health when in contact
with the skin. When handling chemicals, wear protective goggles, protective gloves and otherprotectors. Make sure to check the details of its material safety data sheet (MSDS) and the
instructions given below beforehand. If the chemicals should get into contact with your skin,follow the MSDS and take adequate actions for each chemical.
(1) Sodium hypochlorite solution / NaClO(A) Handling precautions(a) Ventilate well. Avoid heat sources and sparks. Also avoid contact with acids.
(b) Handle the chemical container with great care. Avoid toppling, bumping or
dragging it.
(c) Take care not to cause leak, spillover or spattering. Don't cause dust or vapor.
(d) Firmly seal the container after use.
(e) Thoroughly wash your hands and face and rinse out your mouth after usingchemicals.
(f)Don't eat or drink anything in the working place except in a designated place.

(g) Don't bring gloves or other contaminated protectors into the rest area.
(h) Forbid unauthorized entry to the place where chemicals are handled.
(i)

Wear appropriate protectors to avoid inhalation, eye or skin contact, and directcontact with your clothes.

(j)Provide local ventilation in the case of handling chemicals indoors.

(B) Storage precautions(a) Store the container in a dark, cold place. Avoid direct sunlight. Firmly seal toprevent direct contact with air.
(b) Use corrosion-resistant containers for storage.
(2) Oxalic acid / (COOH)2(A) Handling precautions(a) Keep away from strong acids and bases.
(b) Handle the chemical container with great care. Avoid toppling, bumping or
dragging it.
(c) Take care not to cause leak, spillover or spattering. Don't cause dust or vapor.
(d) Firmly seal the container after use.
(e) Thoroughly wash your hands and face and rinse out your mouth after using

44

AIRE-064-1-6

chemicals.
(f)Don't eat or drink anything in the working place except in a designated place.

(g) Don't bring gloves or other contaminated protectors into the rest area.
(h) Forbid unauthorized entry to the place where chemicals are handled.
(i)

Wear appropriate protectors to avoid inhalation, eye or skin contact, and directcontact with your clothes.

(j)Provide local ventilation in the case of handling chemicals indoors.

(B) Storage precautions(a) Store the container in a dark, cold place. Avoid direct sunlight. Firmly seal toprevent direct contact with air.
(b) Use corrosion-resistant containers for storage.
(3) Citric acid / HOOCCH2C(OH)(COOH)CH2COOH(A) Handling precautions(a) Keep away from strong acids and bases.
(b) Handle the chemical container with great care. Avoid toppling, bumping or
dragging it.
(c) Take care not to cause leak, spillover or spattering. Don't cause dust or vapor.
(d) Firmly seal the container after use.
(e) Thoroughly wash your hands and face and rinse out your mouth after usingchemicals.
(f)Don't eat or drink anything in the working place except in a designated place.

(g) Don't bring gloves or other contaminated protectors into the rest area.
(h) Forbid unauthorized entry to the place where chemicals are handled.
(i)

Wear appropriate protectors to avoid inhalation, eye or skin contact, and directcontact with your clothes.

(j)Provide local ventilation in the case of handling chemicals indoors.

(B) Storage precautions(a) Store the container in a dark, cold place. Avoid direct sunlight. Firmly seal toprevent direct contact with air.
(b) Use corrosion-resistant containers for storage.

45

AIRE-064-1-6

!

WARNING

The chemical agents used for chemical cleaning are harmful to thehealth. When handling chemicals, wear protective goggles,
protective gloves and other protectors. Make sure to check thedetails of its material safety data sheet (MSDS) beforehand.

!

WARNINGIf chemicals should stick to your skin or clothes, immediately wash
it away with a large amount of running water.

!

WARNINGIf chemicals should enter an eye, immediately wash it away with alarge amount of running water and see the doctor.

!

WARNINGStore chemicals in a dark, cold place free from direct sunlight.

!

WARNING

Use the chemicals storage tanks made of the material suitable foreach chemical to prevent corrosion.

!

WARNING

Never mix sodium hypochlorite with heavy metals or acids. The
mixture with an acid generates toxic chlorine gas.

!

WARNING

Never mix sodium hypochlorite with oxalic acid or citric acid. Suchmixture generates toxic chlorine gas.

46

AIRE-064-1-6

6.

Chemical Cleaning Procedure(1) Element Chemical Cleaning Procedure
Firstly please slowly inject the chemical via the permeated water nozzle into the elements
until it percolates through the membranes. Do not apply too high pressure (>10 kPa or 100mbar) when injecting the chemical. Some injecting methods are shown below.
a.

Chemical cleaning with the chemical tank located at the bottom (Fig.VIII-2)(i)

Confirm that the chemical injection valve is closed and that the chemical feedpump is stopped.

(ii)

Provide the chemical tank with specified amounts of chemical.

(iii)

Stop filtration, stop aeration and close the permeated water valve.

(iv)

Start the chemical feed pump and check that the chemical circulates.

(v)

Slowly open the chemical injection valve to start injecting the chemical.

(vi)

After injecting the specified amount of chemicals to the elements, stop thechemical feed pump.

(vii)

Hold the equipments for 1 to 3 hours.

(viii)

Close the chemical valve, open the permeated water valve, and start aeration.
Then, restart filtration operation.

*

The chemical may remain in the permeated water in an early stage offiltration (for a period of 2 or more intermittent cycles). Send back thepermeated water to the raw water tank, or dispose of it in accordance withapplicable legal standards for waste disposal. Before restarting the normal
operation, check the pH and/or Cl concentration of the permeated water.
Open
Low water level ofMembrane
Submerged Tank

ChemicalInjection Valve

1,000 mm (=10 kPa) or less

Permeatedwater valve

ModuleChemical tank

ChemicalFeed Pump

Fig.VIII-2 Chemical Cleaning with Chemical Tank Located at Bottom

47

AIRE-064-1-6

b.

Chemical cleaning with the chemical tank located above the membrane submergedtank (Fig.VIII-3)(i)

Confirm that the chemical injection valve is closed.

(ii)

Provide the chemical tank with specified amounts of the chemical.

(iii)

Stop filtration, stop aeration, and close the permeated water valve.

(iv)

Slowly open the chemical injection valve to inject chemicals.

(v)

After injecting the chemical, hold the equipment for 1 to 3 hours.

(vi)

Close the chemical valve, open the permeated water valve, and start aeration.
Then, restart filtration operation.
*

The chemical may remain in the permeated water in an early stage offiltration (for a period of 2 or more intermittent cycles). Send back thepermeated water to the raw water tank, or dispose of it in accordancewith applicable legal standards for waste disposal. Before restarting thenormal operation, check the pH and/or Cl concentration of the permeatedwater.
Chemical tank

Low water level ofMembrane
Submerged Tank

Chemicalinjection valve

1,000 mm (=10 kPa) or less

Manifold
Permeatedwater valve

ModuleFig.VIII-3 Chemical Cleaning with Chemical Tank Locatedabove Membrane Submerged Tankc.

Chemical cleaning with the chemical feed pump and relief valve (Fig.VIII-4)(i)

Confirm that the chemical feed pump is stopped and the top of relief piping islocated at 1 m or lower height from membrane submerged tank water level.

(ii)

Provide the chemical tank with specified amounts of chemical.

48

AIRE-064-1-6

(iii)

Stop filtration, stop aeration and close the permeated water valve.

(iv)

Surely open the relief valve.

(v)

Start the chemical feed pump.

(vi)

Confirm the smooth return of the chemical to Chemical tank when it spouts
from the outlet of relief piping. If the spouting is too much, adjust the feeding
rate of chemical.

(vii)

After injecting the specified amount of chemicals to the elements, stop thechemical feed pump.

(viii)

Hold the equipments for 1 to 3 hours.

(ix)

Close the relief valve, open the permeated water valve, and start aeration.
Then, restart filtration operation.

*

The chemical may remain in the permeated water in an early stage offiltration (for a period of 2 or more intermittent cycles). Send back thepermeated water to the raw water tank, or dispose of it in accordance withapplicable legal standards for waste disposal. Before restarting the normal
operation, check the pH and/or Cl concentration of the permeated water.
Low water level ofMembrane
Submerged Tank

Relief Piping
1,000 mm (=10 kPa) or lessRelief Valve

Permeatedwater valve

ModuleChemical tank

ChemicalFeed Pump

Fig.VIII-4 Chemical Cleaning with the Chemical Feed Pump and Relief Valve!

!

WARNINGIf chemical is injected without opening relief valve, the internalpressure of the elements will increase and the elements will getdamaged. Be sure to open the relief valve before injecting
chemical.

WARNING

Chemical may spout from relief piping. Adjust the chemical feeding
rate not to let it spout out of the pioing and keep away from relief
piping when the chemical feed pump is running. Use the safety
protectors such as goggles and gloves.

49

AIRE-064-1-6

(2) Precautions for Element Chemical Cleaninga.

Keep the injecting pressure below 10 kPa (100 mbar). Avoid forcibly applying
pressure directly with the pump or by any other means. A higher pressure will
damage membrane elements and modules. Please note that injecting pressure may
rise up after injecting half of the chemical.

b.

Submerge the module completely in the tank and inject chemical. Please maintainthe top of the module at least 500 mm below the liquid surface for the safety reason.

c.

Though higher temperature gives more effective cleaning, please maintain thetemperature below 40 degree C. Conversely, lower temperature causes poorer
cleaning effects and hampers the recovery of the membrane permeability. Please
try to maintain the temperature of the liquid as high as possible within the range
below 40 degree C.

d.

After chemical cleaning, a small amount of chemical remains inside the elements
and the permeate water line. When resuming the filtration operation, please sendback the permeated water to the raw water tank until the permeated water is freefrom effects of the chemical (for a period of at least 2 intermittent cycles), or disposeof it in accordance with applicable legal standards for waste disposal.

e.

If sodium hypochlorite cleaning is immediately followed by acid cleaning or inreverse order, do make sure that the both chemicals are never mixed at any tank orpipe (especially injection line). Otherwise such mixture generates toxic chlorine gas.

f.

If permeate is used as cleaning solution make up water, residual calcium in themake up water may precipitate when sodium hypochlorite is mixed into the water. If
a high calcium concentration is expected in the make up water, confirm thepossibility of precipitation by a bench-scale sodium hypochlorite addition test and if
whitish precipitation of calcium is found, use tap water for the make up water.

!

WARNING

If an abnormality is found in the equipment during chemicalcleaning, immediately stop the operation.

!

WARNING

Never mix sodium hypochlorite with oxalic acid or citric acid. Suchmixture generates toxic chlorine gas.

WARNINGIf chemical is injected forcibly directly with the chemical feed pumpor by any other means, the internal pressure of the elements will
increase and the elements will get damaged. Be sure to injectchemical with the pressure of lower than 10 kPa (100 mbar).

!

50

AIRE-064-1-6

!

WARNING

Before starting injecting chemical to elements, confirm that theliquid surface is more than 500 mm higher than the top of themodule.

!

CAUTION

Stop the aeration during chemical cleaning, or the membrane may
get damaged.

51

AIRE-064-1-6

7.

Lifting Procedure

Please take the following steps to lift “TMR140 Series” modules for maintenance.
(1) If guide rail system is not installed in the membrane tank, drain the activated sludge frommembrane tank.
(2) Disconnect the manifold from the permeate water line and disjoint the bolts jointing theelement block with the aeration block in case bolts/nuts are applied for connecting both
blocks. When lifting the element block of TMR140-200W, please disconnect one
manifold from the other. And you can lift up the element block using chains or slings.
(3) Hook the chain/sling attached with element block to the lifting device, and you can lift up
the element blocks using chains/slings.

!

DANGER

When lifting “TMR140 Series”, please attach chains or slings to it
and lift it straight upward calmly to prevent “TMR140 Series” fromshaking. Never allow any person under “TMR140 Series”.

!

DANGERUse chains or slings compatible with lifting weight.

!

DANGER

Check the condition of each part before lifting and never use
damaged one. Never stand below the membrane module whenlifting. Be careful of the balance of the module when lifting.

!

DANGER

When lifting TMR140-200D or 400DW, do not lift upper element
blocks and lower element blocks all together. Upper/lower element
block has to be lifted separately.

52

AIRE-064-1-6

8.

Storage Products after Use

Please take the following steps to preserve the used “TMR140 Series” modules for a longtime until future re-operation.
(1) Drain the sludge in the membrane submerged tank.
(2) Clean the modules with clear water and wash out the remaining sludge on the modulesurface as well as tank wall using hose. Never apply high pressure washing machine.
(3) Fill the clear water into the tank to let the modules completely submerged and maintainits water level until the next start up.
(4) Periodical dosing of sodium hypochlorite helps inhibit the growth of algae/microorganism
during the storage, however hypo concentration in the tank has to be low (<50 ppm) toprevent from possible damage to the module (stainless steel) by long-time exposure.
(5) In case aeration of the tank is required, its duration shall be short enough (<5 minutes
per hour) to avoid putting stress to membrane elements by “aeration without filtration”.
(6) Before re-commissioning of the modules, it is strongly recommended to conduct
chemical cleaning to the modules for the sake of removing biofilm grown on themembrane surface and piping.
In case storage period is not long (within 24 hours), periodical sprinkling of water to modules
especially membrane surface and putting non-transparent sheet onto the modules forprotection against direct sunlight and wind are effective for creating wet condition of
membrane.

!

CAUTION

Keep the membrane wet once it gets wet with operation. If that
membrane gets dried up, its permeability may be decreased
seriously.

53

AIRE-064-1-6

9.

Disposing Procedure

When disposing of the membrane after use, please follow below general procedure.
(1) Clean up the membrane module with water. After that it is better to dry up the module foryour easy handling.
(2) Dispose of the module or each constituent following local regulation for waste disposal(landfill, incineration...). When required by regulation, disassemble the module andsegregate its constituent accordingly (e.g. combustible/incombustible).
(3) Regarding membrane, do not burn it without appropriate facilities since harmful
Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) gas will be generated during incineration. If it needs to beincinerated, please apply a service of a qualified waste disposing company.

!

WARNING

Don't burn the membranes without appropriate facilities sinceharmful Hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas is generated at burning.
When dispose membranes, please apply a service of a qualified
waste disposing company.

54

AIRE-064-1-6

IX.

REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST

Please contact TORAY for the details of the specifications..
(1) TMR140-050S
Name

Frequency

Type No. of replacement parts

Required Quantity per Module
TMR140-050S
1-

Permeate Tube

Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,

EBL-TUBE-050 (50pcs set)
EBL-TUBE-100 (100pcs set)

Element Fixing Gasket(Middle Part of Element Block)Element Fixing Gasket(Side Part of Element Block)Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,
whichever comes first.

GASKET140-050M

1

GASKET140-050S

2

Element or Element BlockOnce 3 to 7 years

TSP-50150 (Element)or EBL140-050S (Element Block)

Frequency

Type No. of replacement parts

TSP-50150 x 50
or EBL140-050S x 1(2) TMR140-100S
Name
Permeate Tube

Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,

EBL-TUBE-050 (50pcs set)
EBL-TUBE-100 (100pcs set)

Element Fixing Gasket(Middle Part of Element Block)Element Fixing Gasket(Side Part of Element Block)Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,
whichever comes first.

GASKET140-100M

Element or Element BlockGASKET140-100S

Once 3 to 7 years

TSP-50150 (Element)or EBL140-100S (Element Block)

Frequency

Type No. of replacement parts

Required Quantity per Module
TMR140-100S
1
1
2
TSP-50150 x 100
or EBL140-100S x 1(3) TMR140-200W
Name
Permeate Tube

Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,

EBL-TUBE-050 (50pcs set)
EBL-TUBE-100 (100pcs set)

Element Fixing Gasket(Middle Part of Element Block)Element Fixing Gasket(Side Part of Element Block)Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,
whichever comes first.

GASKET140-100M

Element or Element BlockGASKET140-100S

Once 3 to 7 years

TSP-50150 (Element)or EBL140-100W (Element Block)

Frequency

Type No. of replacement parts

Required Quantity per Module
TMR140-200W
2
2
4
TSP-50150 x 200
or EBL140-100W x 2(4) TMR140-200D
Name

Required Quantity per Module
TMR140-200D
2

Permeate Tube

Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,

EBL-TUBE-050 (50pcs set)
EBL-TUBE-100 (100pcs set)

Element Fixing Gasket(Middle Part of Element Block)Element Fixing Gasket(Side Part of Element Block)Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,
whichever comes first.

GASKET140-100M

2

GASKET140-100S

4

Element or Element BlockOnce 3 to 7 years

TSP-50150 (Element)or EBL140-100S (Element Block)

Frequency

Type No. of replacement parts

TSP-50150 x 200
or EBL140-100S x 2(5) TMR140-400DW
Name
Permeate Tube

Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,

EBL-TUBE-050 (50pcs set)
EBL-TUBE-100 (100pcs set)

Element Fixing Gasket(Middle Part of Element Block)Element Fixing Gasket(Side Part of Element Block)Every 3 years or when
deterioration detected,
whichever comes first.

GASKET140-100M

Element or Element BlockOnce 3 to 7 years

GASKET140-100S
TSP-50150 (Element)or EBL140-100S (Element Block)

Required Quantity per Module
TMR140-400DW
4
4
8
TSP-50150 x 400
or EBL140-100S x 4

AIRE-064-1-6

55

X.

TROUBLESHOOTING

Most of the troubles in the operation of “TMR140 Series” are related to abnormal membranescouring aeration, too late chemical cleaning, lack of maintenance of the pretreatment
system. The following table shows such troubles and corrective actions against them:
Table X-1 Troubleshooting
Problem
1

2

3

4

*1:
*2:

The air diffusion rate is below
the standard level.
The air diffusion is uneven in
the module or between
modules.

The permeated water flow rate
has decreased. Or thetrans-membrane pressure has
increased.

The concentration ofsuspended solids in thepermeate water has increased.

Cause

ActionThe blower is broken

Check the blower.

The air diffusers are
clogged.
The air diffusers on themodule are clogged.
The bottom of the element
block is stuck with trash.

Clean the air diffusers.

Membrane clogging has
worsened.
Sludge accumulated on themembrane surface
because of uneven air
diffusion
Abnormal properties ofsludge have worsened its
filterability.

An element or tube has
fractured.
A leakage has occurred in
the permeated water
piping.
Germs are generated on
the membrane or thepermeate line.

Clean the air diffusers on the module.
Check the pretreatment system.
Inspect the module.
Correct operation and maintenance worksof the pretreatment system.
Carry out chemical cleaning.
Inspect the blower and clean the air
diffusers to improve air diffusion.
Carry out chemical cleaning.
Improve sludge properties.
・ Adjust the excess sludge dischargerate.
・ Prevent entry of abnormalcomponents, such as oils.
・ Adjust the BOD load.
・ Adjust the raw water quality (addnitrogen, phosphorous, etc.)*1
Seal the element and manifold nozzle .
*2

Inspect the faulty part and correct thefault.
To clean the permeated water piping,
inject into it a sodium hypochlorite solution
with an effective chlorine concentration of
100 to 200 mg/L.

Even if a cause is found in the tube, there still is the possibility of contamination inside the element. Thus,
seal the element and manifold nozzle.
To check the piping joints and welds for leakage with a pressure being applied, be careful not to applypressure to the membrane modules.

56

AIRE-064-1-6

XI.

APPENDIX

Following information is provided in the separate-attached document:(1) Assembly of Modules(2) Assembly of Guide Rail System(3) Assembly of Hangers.
(4) Procedure of Paper filter test.

This Instruction Manual does not intend to guarantee the results of application of theinformation provided herein or the safety and the compatibility of this product.
Before using this product, the user is asked to check for its safety and compatibility with theintended purpose.
The content of this Instruction Manual is subject to revision from time to time.
Unauthorized use or reproduction of this manual is forbidden.

57

AIRE-064-1-6December 13th, 2011
The paper filtration test measurement procedure
1. Make a filter paper folded (Fig 1).Use filter paper equivalent to No.5C which has adiameter of 185mm (See below tables for reference.)

Fig 1. Filter paper folded
2. Set the filter paper onto a funnel.
3. Prepare 50mL of activated sludge in a measuring cylinder.
4. Pour 50mL of the sludge into the filter paper, and start measuring filtration time.
5. After 5 minutes, check the filtration volume.
<Criteria>
More than 10 mL:

Good filterability

5~10 mL:

SubtleLess than 5 mL:

Bad filterability

6. Additionally it is advisable to check the turbidity and/or TOC (Total Organic Carbon) of
the filtrated water which can be an indicator of membrane foulant such as so-called EPC.
Measure it routinely and check its trend.
Standards of filter paper
Used by TORAYJIS P 3801

ASTM E832-81

No.5C

5C

ClassG

Typical specifications of the filter paper
No.5C
2

Mass (g/m )118

Thickness (mm)0.22

Permeated particle size (μm)

1Catching efficiency (0.3 μmDOP%)

93

Ash (%)

0.01