About
International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English annotated with Argumentative Structure andSentence Reordering ("ICNALE-AS2R" corpus)

Description
This language resource is a collection of English learner essays which are excepted from ICNALE, basedon two criteria: grammatical error free and moderately scored. The corpus consists of 434 essays. Thecorpus includes two layers of annotation.
The first layer is an argumentative structure annotation. In the argumentative structure annotation,
sentences are first differentiated into argumentative and non-argumentative components; then,relations are established between argumentative components to form a hierarchical structure of thetext. We refer the corpus with the first annotation layer as "ICNALE-AS."
The second layer is a sentence rearrangement annotation, which improves text coherence andorganisation qualities. Rearrangement may cause irrelevant or incorrect referring and connectiveexpressions. To correct these, text repair also follows after sentence rearrangement annotation, e.g.,
replacing pronouns with their referents or editing inappropriate connectives, to retain the original
meaning of the text. We refer the corpus with the first and second annotation layers as "ICNALEAS2R."
The annotation was conducted using the TIARA annotation tool. To visualise the annotation, you may open
the essays using the tool, which is available for free at the following site:
https://wiragotama.github.io/TIARA-annotationTool/

Citation
Please cite all of the following papers when using the "ICNALE-AS" corpus in your study.
Shinichiro Ishikawa. 2013. The ICNALE and Sophisticated Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis of Asian
Learners of English. In Learner Corpus Studies in Asia and the World, vol 1, pp. 91–118.
Shinichiro Ishikawa. 2018. The ICNALE Edited Essays: A Dataset for Analysis of L2 English Learner
Essays Based on A New Integrative Viewpoint. In English Corpus Linguistics, vol 25, pp. 1–14.
Jan Wira Gotama Putra, Simone Teufel, Takenobu Tokunaga. 2021. Annotating Argumentative
Structure in English-as-foreign-language Learner Essays. In Natural Language Engineering, pp. 1-27.
DOI 10.1017/S1351324921000218.
If you use the "ICNALE-AS2R" corpus, also cite the following paper on top of those three above.

Jan Wira Gotama Putra, Simone Teufel, Takenobu Tokunaga. 2021. Parsing Argumentative Structure
in English-as-foreign-language Essays. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Workshop on Innovative Useof NLP for Building Educational Applications, Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 97-109.

Corpus Distribution
The corpus is distributed through Gengo-Shigen-Kyokai ("Language Resources Association" in Japan).
Please visit https://www.gsk.or.jp/en/catalog/gsk2021-a.

Folder Structure
html contains the annotated essay in TIARA internal format
tsv (ICNALE-AS) contains the essays annotated only with argumentative structure, in .tsv
formattsv (ICNALE-AS2R) contains the essays annotated with two layers of annotation: (1)argumentative structure and (2) sentence reordering followed by text repair.
essay_list.csv contains the list of annotated essays. This is useful for cross-checking
ICNALE-AS2R readme v2.pdf is this fileannotation_guideline.pdf is our annotation guideline