IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

COUNTRY
COUNTRY REPORT:REPORT:URUGUAYURUGUAY
Ing. María Florencia Juárez
April 2009La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

Contents______________________________________________
1. Overview of URUGUAY
2. Current energy policy and measures
2.1 General overview
2.2 Energy strategic priorities

3. Energy Supply and Demand
3.1 Energy Supply
3.2 Energy Demand

4. Major difficulties and bottlenecks currently faced in formulatingenergy policies

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

1. Overview of URUGUAY_______________________________Country name:

República Oriental del Uruguay

Capital city:

Montevideo

Political division:

19 Provinces

Land area:

176,215 km2

Population:

3.3 million inhabitants

Annual growth rate:

0.305 %

Density:

18.8 inhabitants/km2

Life expectancy:

75.85 years

Infant mortality rate:

10.5/1000

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

1. Overview of URUGUAY_______________________________

Literacy rate:

97 %Language:

SpanishGross Domestic Product:

8,000 US$ per capita

Population with access to drinkable water:

98 %Electrification rate:

98 %Cars per 100 inhabitants:

19

Government type:

Republic under an elected presidential system

Suffrage:

Compulsory and universal over 18 years of age

Main activities:

Agriculture and feedstock (natural grass, extensiveuse)

Main exports:

Meat, rice, dairy products, raw hides skins andleather, forestry products, wool, agriculture
byproducts

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

2. Current Energy Policy and Measures__________________
2.1 General Overview
The Energy System has to ensure domestic supply at the lowest possible cost and inconformity with quality standards. This should be performed under the leading role of
the State and involving public and private actors, through the best use of available
local, regional and international resources, and will contribute to the sustainable
development of the country (economic, social and environmental).

Subjects of special interest:
 Energy Efficiency
 Diversification of the energy grid Legal instruments

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

2. Current Energy Policy and Measures__________________At present energy situation in Uruguay can be summarized as follows:Strong dependence on oil (consumption of petroleum: double of global average)



Scarce domestic sources in the energy grid (25% to 40%)



Several energy supply crisis in recent years (high dependence on regional suppliers)

Investments are delayed (electric power plants, refinery, infrastructure)

Lack of energy efficiency culture

Concerning availability of energy sources it can be mentioned that:

Hydroelectric potential has been almost exploited completely. The remaining
potential is suitable for small-size projects.



There is lack of local fossil fuel resources

There is no availability of natural gas in the region

There is potential for wind projects to be implemented

There is a vast potential among biomass byproducts related to agricultural and forest
industryLa energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

2. Current Energy Policy and Measures__________________
2.2 Energy Strategic Priorities
Directive role of the state involving controlled participation ofprivate actors.

Diversification of the energy grid including sources and suppliers,guaranteeing provision at reasonable costs, reducing
dependence on oil imports, increasing the participation level of
local sources of energy, fostering non-traditional renewableenergies, improving local development and encouraging thepreservation of the environment.

Energy Efficiency in every economic field (transport, education,building industry, lighting, etc.).

Energy access to all social strata.

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.1 Energy Supply
Figure 1 - Energy Supply by Source (2007).

Petroleum andbyproducts
55%

Hydroelectricity
22%

ImportedElectricity
2%

La energía en el PENCTI

Biomass
18%

22/02/08

Natural Gas
3%

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.1 Energy Supply
Figure 2 - Energy Supply by Source (1997 - 2007).
2500

ktep

2000
1500
1000
500
01997

2002

2007

Petroleum

Hydroelectricity

Wood

Biomass wastes

Coal

Natural Gas

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.1 Energy Supply
Figure 3 - Petroleum and byproducts imports vs. Uruguay total imports & exports (1997 - 2007).
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%0%
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

% imp. petroleum and byproducts / total imp.
% imp. petroleum and byproducts / total exp.

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

2006

2007

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.2 Energy Demand
Figure 4 - GDP vs. Total Use of Energy Evolution (Base year 1965 = 100).
300
250
200
150
100
50
01965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

Total Energy Use

La energía en el PENCTI

2000

GDP

22/02/08

2005

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.2 Energy Demand
Figure 5 - Total Energy End-use.

3000
2500

ktep

2000
1500
1000
500
0
1990

1995

2000

La energía en el PENCTI

2005

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.2 Energy Demand
3.2.1 Energy demand by source
Figure 6 - Energy End-use by Source.
1800
1600
1400

ktep

1200
1000
800
600
40020001990

1995

2000

2005

Wood and charcoal

Biomass wastes

Coal and byproducts

Petroleum byproductsElectricity

Natural gas

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.2 Energy Demand
3.2.2 Energy demand by sector
Figure 7 - Energy End-use by Sector.
1000
900
800700

ktep

600
500
400
300
20010001990

1995

2000

2005

Res i denti a l

Tra ns port

Agri bus i nes s /Fi s hi ng

Commerci a l /Servi ces

La energía en el PENCTI

Indus tri a l

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

3. Energy Supply and Demand__________________________
3.2 Energy Demand
3.2.2 Energy demand by sector
Figure 8 - Energy demand structure by sector (2007).
Transport
33%
C ommercial/Services9%
Industrial
22%

Residential
28%

No identified; 0%

La energía en el PENCTI

Agribusiness/Fishing8%

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載4. Major difficulties and bottlenecks currently faced informulating energy policies_____________________________


Lack of people working on the design of energy plans.



Lack of specialized professionals in energy topics.

Lack of budget to finance researches and projects in energy outlook.



Lack of information due to absence of human resources and for budget
constraints.



To face integration of energy policies with other countries of the region.

Economies of scale: being a small country with a small market makes
investments more expensive relatively.

Energy state-owned companies and Government (Ministry of Energy) are notenough coordinated. Historically, many strategic decisions were made bythese companies and not by the Ministry of Energy.

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08

IEEJ：2009年5月掲載

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION(MUCHAS GRACIAS)

Ing. María Florencia Juárez
maria.juarez@dne.miem.gub.uy
www.dnetn.gub.uy
www.eficienciaenergetica.gub.uy
お問合せ：report@tky.ieej.or.jp

La energía en el PENCTI

22/02/08