Book of Abstracts.
PostersTitle of the Work: : XX International Botanical Congress IBC 2024, Spain. Book of Abstracts. Posters.
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INDEX BY SYMPOSIA
S.001. MERGING EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHESWITH ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE..............................................17
S.002. A CONTINENTAL SCALE CONSORTIUM
APPROACH TO BUILDING GENOMICS CAPACITY
AND RESOURCES: GENOMICSFOR AUSTRALIAN PLANTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
S.003. ACROSS LAND AND WATER: UNDERSTANDING
PLANT GENE FLOW AT A LANDSCAPE SCALE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
S.004. ADVANCES IN FERN ECOLOGY:RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL
AND BIOTIC STRESS FACTORS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
S.006. ADVANCES IN MICROCLIMATE RESEARCHFOR CRYPTOGAM ECOLOGY...................................................................................31
S.007. ADVANCES IN PHYLOGENOMICS AND
SYSTEMATICS OF THE BRASSICACEAE.............................................39
S.008. ADVANCES IN SEED CONSERVATION OF
WILD SPECIES............................................................................................................................................43
S.009. AEROBIOLOGY. ADVANCES IN THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLEN RESEARCH AND CHALLENGESIN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGE... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
S.010. AFRICAN TAXONOMY: A COLLABORATIVEEFFORT TOWARDS BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION.. . . . 62
S.011. ALPINE PLANT ECOLOGY AND DIVERSITY:
FROM SPECIES TO ECOSYSTEMS.................................................................. 72
S.012. AN UPDATE ON THE PHYLOGENY
OF SEED PLANTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
S.013. APG V AND THE CHALLENGE OF
TRANSLATING PHYLOGENY INTO
CLASSIFICATION WHEN GENE TREES CONFLICT.. . . . . . . . . . . .84
S.014. APOCYNACEAE ON THE WAY
TO A MODEL FAMILY..................................................................................................................863

S.015. APPLICATIONS OF SPECTRAL REFLECTANCEIN PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
S.016. ASSESSING AND CLASSIFYING THE POSITIVE
AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF ALIEN PLANTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
S.017. ASSESSING THE INTERPLAY BETWEENGENETIC AND NONGENETIC MECHANISMSCONTRIBUTING TO PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
AND ADAPTATION OVER TIME.........................................................................100
S.018. ATYPICAL SUBSTRATES AS ENGINES FOR
PLANT AND LICHEN EVOLUTION I: GYPSUM SOILS.. . . . . . .107
S.019. ATYPICAL SUBSTRATES FOR PLANT AND
LICHEN EVOLUTION II: ULTRAMAFIC SOILS.............................110
S.020. BACK TO BASICS: USINGMICROMORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGYTO INVESTIGATE EVOLUTION IN BRYOPHYTES.. . . . . . . . . . . . .113
S.021. BARK STRUCTURE: EVOLUTIONARY,FUNCTIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS.. . . . . . . .116
S.022. BENEFICIAL PLANTMICROBE INTERACTIONS... . .117
S.023. BEYOND BIOGEOGRAPHY: ADAPTATION
AND DIVERSIFICATION ACROSS THE INDOPACIFIC.. . 126
S.024. BEYOND PLANT BLINDNESS: BRINGING
PLANTS INTO THE FOREGROUND...............................................................128
S.025. BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND EVOLUTIONARYPATTERNS AND PROCESSES OF THE TROPICALTEMPERATE BIOME TRANSITION...................................................................134
S.026. BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY ANDECOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF THE
ASIAAUSTRALASIA FLORISTIC EXCHANGE............................136
S.027. BIOGEOGRAPHY AND DIVERSIFICATIONOF INTERCONTINENTAL TROPICAL
PLANT DIVERSITY....................................................................................................... 139

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S.028. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY HIDDEN IN EARLYTERRESTRIAL SITES OF EXCEPTIONALPRESERVATION.....................................................................................................................................141
S.030. BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROMTHE BIODIVERSITY HERITAGE LIBRARY...........................................143
S.031. BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENT
AND CONSERVATION IN MEDITERRANEAN
CLIMATE AREAS................................................................................................................................144
S.032. CAREX: THE EVOLUTION OF A
MEGADIVERSE GENUS TACKLEDFROM MULTIPLE APPROACHES.......................................................................150
S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I:
NEW METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE
WITH PLANT DIVERSITY....................................................................................................155
S.033. CITIZEN SCIENCE INITIATIVES FOR
THE PROMOTION OF BOTANY..........................................................................156
S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I:
NEW METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH
PLANT DIVERSITY.............................................................................................................................157
S.033. CITIZEN SCIENCE INITIATIVES FOR
THE PROMOTION OF BOTANY..........................................................................158
S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I:
NEW METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH
PLANT DIVERSITY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
S.033. CITIZEN SCIENCE INITIATIVES FOR THE
PROMOTION OF BOTANY............................................................................................160
S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I:
NEW METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH
PLANT DIVERSITY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162
S.034. CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON ALPINE
PLANT SPECIES AND COMMUNITIES: INSIGHTSFROM THE GLORIA NETWORK.......................................................................... 164
S.036. COMPARATIVE SPATIAL PHYLOGENETICS OF
MEDITERRANEANTYPE FLORAS OF THE WORLD.. . . . . . . . .165
5

S.037. CONNECTIONS ALONG THE ATLANTICFRINGE....................................................................................................................................................................167
S.038. CONSERVATION STATUS OF MAGNOLIA IN
SOUTH AMERICA.............................................................................................................................167
S.039. CONTRASTING DIVERSITY PATTERNS,BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND CONSERVATION ISSUES INNORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEATHERS(ERICEAE, ERICACEAE)......................................................................................................168
S.040. CRYOBIOTECHNOLOGY: BROADENING
THE SCOPE OF PRESERVING PLANT
BIODIVERSITY FOR THE FUTURE......................................................................170
S.041. CULTIVATED PLANT TAXONOMY:BRIDGING THE DIVIDE..........................................................................................................172
S.042. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BORAGINALES...........176
S.043. CYCADS AS EMERGING MODELS IN
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND SYMBIOSIS........................180
S.044. DISSECTING THE EVOLUTION OF SEDGES(CYPERACEAE): PERSPECTIVES FROMMULTIPLE LINEAGES..................................................................................................................183
S.045. DIVERSIFICATION IN LARGE DOMINANT
PLANT LINEAGES: INTEGRATION OF PHYLOGENY,
ECOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND BIOGEOGRAPHY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
S.046. DYSPLOIDY, DIPLOIDISATION AND
DIVERSIFICATION: IMPACT OF POSTPOLYPLOIDGENOME RESTRUCTURING ON SPECIESAND TRAIT DIVERSITY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
S.047. ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS
AT THE REAR EDGE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE.. . . . . . . . . . . 193
S.048. ECOLOGICAL DRIVERS OF
PALM SPECIATION.......................................................................................................................201
S.049. ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND GENETICSOF STYLAR POLYMORPHISMS: LINKING FORM
& FUNCTION............................................................................................................................................202
6

S.050. ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHALLENGESIN THE ANTHROPOCENE..............................................................................................204
S.051. ECOSYSTEM GENOMICS: ELUCIDATINGTHE GENETIC DRIVERS OF NUTRIENT FLUXES IN
BRYOPHYTE DOMINATED COMMUNITIES..............................208
S.052. ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATIONOF MEDICINAL PLANTS....................................................................................................209
S.052. CINCHONA: ETNOHISTORIA DE
LOS USOS Y APLICACIONES ACTUALES
DEL ÁRBOL DE LA QUINA................................................................................................212
S.052. ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATIONOF MEDICINAL PLANTS.......................................................................................................212
S.038. CONSERVATION STATUS OFMAGNOLIA IN SOUTH AMERICA..................................................................237
S.054. EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY
OF CARBON CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS(CCM) IN LAND PLANTS...............................................................................................237
S.055. EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION OF
CONVERGENT FLORAL PHENOTYPES 1...........................................239
S.056. EVOLUTION OF KEY INNOVATIONS IN
LAND PLANTS REVEALED THROUGH THE LENS OF
EVODEVO......................................................................................................................................................242
S.057. EVOLUTION OF PLANT SEXUALREPRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................249
S.058. EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF PLANTS.........259
S.059. EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF ARID FLORASAND THEIR UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL SURVIVALMECHANISMS.......................................................................................................................................278
S.060. EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS IN SKYISLANDS: NEW
INSIGHTS IN THE SEARCH OF MAJOR BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
S.061. FERN AND LYCOPHYTE EVOLUTION: A
PHYLOGENOMIC PERSPECTIVE...................................................................283
7

S.063. FLORAL NECTAR: POLLINATIONSYNDROMES, PRODUCTION ATTRIBUTES,REGULATION EVOLUTION..........................................................................................287
S.064. FLORAL POLYMORPHISMS AS A RESEARCHTARGET FOR NATURAL SELECTION......................................................290
S.065. FLORAL SPECIALIZATION AND THE
GENERALISED NATURE OF POLLINATIONINTERACTIONS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
S.066. FLORAS AND DIVERSITY OF EASTERN ASIA.. . . . . 313
S.067. FROM DEVELOPMENTAL SWITCHESTO BROAD EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORIES:UNDERSTANDING MECHANISMS OF SEX
DETERMINATION..............................................................................................................................319
S.068. FROM MULBERRIES TO FIGS:STUDIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF MORACEAE.....................321
S.069. FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF NECTARMEDIATED
PLANTPOLLINATOR INTERACTIONS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
S.070. GENOMIC APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING
THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF SYMBIOTIC ANDNONSYMBIOTIC MICROALGAE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
S.072. GENOMICS OF LOCAL ADAPTATION. ................328
S.073. GEOPHYTIC MONOCOTS: TAXONOMY
AND THE EVOLUTION OF SUCCULENCE....................................332
S.074. GLOBAL CHANGE AND EVOLUTIONARY
ADAPTATION OF PLANTS IN COASTAL AREAS............337
S.075. GLOBAL CONSERVATION CONSORTIA:
INTEGRATED PLANT CONSERVATIONON A GLOBAL SCALE...........................................................................................................342
S.076. GLOBAL MYRTACEAE SYSTEMATICS: PURE
AND APPLIED PERSPECTIVES FOR MANAGING ANDCONSERVING THE EARTH’S PLANT DIVERSITY.. . . . . . . . . . . 352

8

S.077. GRAPEVINES (VITIS SPP.): A MODEL FOR
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO CONSERVINGAND USING CROP WILD RELATIVES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
S.078. GRASSROOTS MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANDINTEGRATIVE RESEARCH ON THE GLOBAL DIVERSITY
OF THE GRASSES (POACEAE) ........................................................................357
S.079. HABITATBOUND BRYOPHYTE EVOLUTION.. . . . . . .362
S.080. HERBARIOMICS, AN INVALUABLERESOURCE FOR PLANT RESEARCH.......................................................365
S.081. IAPT EARLY CAREER INVESTIGATORSYMPOSIUM: THE EDGE OF THE UNKNOWN IN
PLANT, ALGAE, AND FUNGAL SYSTEMATICS....................373
S.082. IAWA SYMPOSIUM THE CONTRIBUTION OF
WOOD IN FOREST: FROM WOOD DYNAMICS
TO TRAIT DIVERSITY AND CARBON GAINS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
S.083. INTEGRATING CONSERVATION BIOLOGYAND SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT TO ENHANCEPROTECTION OF AT RISK FLORA.................................................................381
S.084. INTEGRATING ECOLOGY INTO MACRO ANDMICROEVOLUTIONARY STUDIESPROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIESIN CURRENT AND PAST DATA SOURCES................................394
S.085. INTEGRATING FLORISTIC, BIOGEOGRAPHIC
AND ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES FORCONSERVATION.............................................................................................................................399
S.086. INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF
MEDITERRANEAN PLANTS.........................................................................................409
S.087. INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES IN THE
VISUAL ARTS AND THE BOTANICAL SCIENCES.........422
S.088. INVENTORYING THE PLANT DIVERSITY OF THE
EUROMEDITERRANEAN AREA: INTEGRATING TAXONOMIC PROGRESS INTO DYNAMIC WEB CHECKLISTS AND ELECTRONIC FLORAS...............................................................426

9

S.089. KEY MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN
FLOWER EVOLUTION.............................................................................................................429
S.090. KIN DISCRIMINATION AND KIN
SELECTION IN PLANTS.........................................................................................................431
S.091. LARGESCALE GENERATIONAND UTILISATION OF REFERENCEQUALITY
GENOMES FROM PLANTS..........................................................................................432
S.092. LEGUME SYSTEMATICS: FROMCOLLABORATIVE NETWORKS TO GENOME
SEQUENCING.......................................................................................................................................438
S.093. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY II: IMPROVINGFLORA KNOWLEDGE THROUGH INATURALIST............442
S.095. MALVACEAE: PROGRESS & PROSPECTS IN
EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH IN
THE COTTON & CACAO FAMILY...............................................................444
S.096. MECHANICAL FORCESIN PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT................................448
S.097. MECHANISMS AND CONSEQUENCES
OF DISPERSAL IN LAND PLANTS: TOWARDSA MORE UNIVERSAL UNDERSTANDING........................................451
S.098. MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PLANT
DIVERSITY PATTERNS IN THE EASTASIAN–AUSTRALASIAN REGION................................................................453
S.099. METAL HYPERACCUMULATORS: NEW
ADVANCES ON A BOTANICAL CURIOSITY.........................455
S.100. METHODS IN INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY:BRIDGING THE PHYLOGENYTO CLASSIFICATION GAP........................................................................................460
S.101. MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL,AND EVOLUTIONARY BASIS OF HABIT
TRANSITIONS IN PLANTS............................................................................................ 463
S.103. MOUNTAIN BIODIVERSITY
AND EVOLUTION. ......................................................................................................................46910

S.104. MTZ FLORAS, A WARNING LIGHT
OF GLOBAL CONSERVATION FUTURE............................................479
S.105. NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION
AND SPECIES CONSERVATION. ................................................................483
S.106. NEOTROPICAL BOTANICAL INVENTORIES:DOCUMENTING WHAT IS LEFT? PERSPECTIVESFROM ACROSS TROPICAL AMERICAS..........................................487
S.107. NEW DIRECTIONS IN EARLY MODERNBOTANY COLLECTIONS AND ARCHIVES..................................492
S.108. NEW FRONTIERS IN PLANTPHYLOGENOMICS......................................................................................................................497
S.109. NEW INSIGHTS INTO PHYLOGENOMICS,
SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF SALICACEAE... . 503
S.110. NEW INSIGHTS ON BIG PLANT GENERA 1:
DIVERSITY & DISTRIBUTION.................................................................................505
S.111. NEW INSIGHTS ON BIG PLANT GENERA 2:
GENOMICS & TRAIT EVOLUTION...............................................................507
S.112. NEXT GENERATION ZINGIBERALES: FROMTAXONOMY TO EVOLUTION...............................................................................508
S.113. ORCHID PHYLOGENOMICS: DIVERSIFICATION,
TRAIT EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510
S.114. MICROMORPHOLOGY AND PALYNOLOGY
OF MAJOR INDIAN POLYGONACEAE: IDENTITY AND
INTERRELATIONSHIP.................................................................................................................515
S.115. PARADIGM SHIFTS IN FLOWER COLOR.................516
S.116. PATTERNS AND PROCESSES DRIVING CLIFF
PLANT COMMUNITIES: APPROACHES FOR THE
CONSERVATION OF ENDEMIC CLIFF FLORA....................520
S.117. PERSPECTIVES ON PLANT BIOME TURNOVER
IN AN ERA OF MASSIVE DATA AND NEW
METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS...............................................52211

S.119. PHYLOGENOMICS AND ADAPTIVEEVOLUTION OF THE WOODY PLANT GENUSRHODODENDRON......................................................................................................................523
S.120. PHYLOGENOMICS AND EVOLUTION OF
GYMNOSPERM...................................................................................................................................524
S.121. PHYLOGENOMICS AND SYSTEMATICS OF
LILIACEAE.......................................................................................................................................................525
S.123. PLANT AWARENESS RESEARCH AND CHALLENGES IN SCHOOL EDUCATION.............................................................526
S.124. PLANT CONSERVATION GENETICS:
FROM INSITU AND EXSITU CONSERVATION TO
REINTRODUCTIONS AND RESTORATIONS...........................533
S.125. PLANT CONSERVATION IN MEDITERRANEAN
AND MACARONESIAN ISLANDS.................................................................540
S.126. PLANT DIVERSITY IN SPECIALIZEDHABITATS ECOLOGY TO EVOLUTION..............................................551
S.127. PLANT DIVERSITY, BIOGEOGRAPHY ANDEVOLUTION IN THE TROPICS FOR CONSERVATION,RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
S.128. PLANT ECOLOGY HOW AND
WHY GENOME SIZE MATTERS.............................................................................571
S.129. PLANT RESPONSES TO STRESSESAND CLIMATE CHANGE.................................................................................................575
S.130. PLANTS IN FOSSIL LAGERSTÄTTEN.................................617
S.131. POALES: FROM ADDRESSING GLOBAL SCALEQUESTIONS TO UNRAVELING THE EVOLUTIONARY
SECRETS OF NEGLECTED FAMILIES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
S.133. POLYPLOIDY AND HOMOPLOIDHYBRIDIZATION AS EVOLUTIONARY DRIVERS IN
MEDITERRANEAN PLANTS..........................................................................................624
S.134. PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF
TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE ERA
OF OPEN SCIENCE: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES.. . . . 630
12

S.135. PRIORITISE, PLAN, ACT AND MONITORPROMOTING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO
THREATENED TREE CONSERVATION...................................................631
S.136. RANUNCULALES: FROM MORPHOLOGYTO PHYLOGENOMICS AND EVODEVO..........................................633
S.137. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MEGADIVERSE
LEGUME SUBFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEAE..........................................636
S.139. RELICT PLANT VULNERABILITY
TO CLIMATE CHANGE.......................................................................................................640
S.141. SEEDS, SALINITY AND SURVIVAL: A
FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE..................................................................................644
S.142. SOLANACEAE: BIOLOGY,SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION................................................................646
S.143. SPATIAL MODELLING OF PLANT NICHES AND
DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE ANTHROPOCENE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
S.144. SPEEDING UP CONSERVATION IN POORLYKNOWN ORGANISM GROUPS – NEW APPROACHESTO BRYOPHYTE CONSERVATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
S.145. SPEEDING UP OUR UNDERSTANDING OF
ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION WITH GENOMICS..................................671
S.146. STILL STANDING: RIBOSOMAL DNA
SIGNIFICANCE IN CURRENT PLANT RESEARCH.. . . . . . . . . 674
S.147. SUSTAINABLE USE, TRADE AND CONSERVATIONOF FRANKINCENSE (BOSWELLIA SPP.).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
S.148. SYNANTHEROLOGY RELOADED: RECENTADVANCES AND THE FUTURE OF EVOLUTIONARYSTUDIES IN COMPOSITAE.........................................................................................675
S.149. SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF
EUPHORBIACEAE..........................................................................................................................683
S.150. SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION
OF LAMIALES..........................................................................................................................................687

13

S.151. SYSTEMATICS, BIOGEOGRAPHY,
ADAPTATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE GRAPEFAMILY VITACEAE........................................................................................................................693
S.152. SYSTEMATICS, EVOLUTION AND
DIVERSIFICATION OF MAGNOLIALES(ANNONACEAE, EUPOMATIACEAE,MAGNOLIACEAE, MYRISTICACEAE)...................................................695
S.153. SYSTEMATICS, FLORISTICS, AND
CONSERVATION: FACILITATING DATAINTEGRATION TO PROMOTE SOUND SCIENCE.. . . . . . . . . 696
S.154. SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENETICS,
BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF
MELASTOMATACEAE...........................................................................................................704
S.155. TAXONOMY AND EVOLUTION OF
BAMBOOS IN THE PHYLOGENOMIC ERA................................. 709
S.156. TAXONOMY AS OPEN SCIENCE: TOOLSUPPORT TO FACILITATE DATA USE FOR HANDSONPRACTITIONERS.................................................................................................................................710
S.157. TELLING PLANT SPECIES APART WITH DNA.. . . . .714
S.158. THE EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
OF APOMICTIC PLANTS.................................................................................................720
S.159. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OFNONCHARISMATIC BIODIVERSITY IN
THE FACE OF A CHANGING WORLD...................................................722
S.160. THE IMPACT GENOME SIZE AND
CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION ON THE
ARCHITECTURE OF THE GENOME.............................................................727
S.161. BIOTIC INTERACTIONS AND
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS.............................................................................................730
S.162. THE KEY ROLE OF REFUGIAIN FACING THE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS.. . . . . . . . . . .748
S.163. THE NEW VALUE OF SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATIONS IN THE DIGITAL AGE..................................................754
14

S.164. THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MODERNPLANT DIVERSITY: INSIGHTS FROM MULTIPLE
DISCIPLINES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .754
S.165. THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
OF PALMS (ARECACEAE)...........................................................................................759
S.166. THE ROLE OF AGMATOPLOIDY AND SYMPLOIDY
FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS WITH
HOLOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .761
S.167. THE ROLE OF RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
TO ADVANCE BOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE AND
RESEARCH......................................................................................................................................................761
S.168. THE SPECIAL AND ENDURING VALUE OF MODEL
CLADES IN EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
S.169. TOWARDS A MORE ETHICAL SCIENCE:
DECOLONIZING BOTANICAL RESEARCH..................................765
S.170. TOWARDS INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY.
THEORY AND PRACTICE...............................................................................................769
S.171. TRANSPOSON TAKEOVER: TRANSPOSABLE
ELMENTS IN PLANT GENOME EVOLUTION,
ADAPTATION AND REGULATION................................................................776
S.172. TROPICAL PLANT EVOLUTION ACROSSSPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES............................................................ 779
S.173. UNDERSTANDING FLORAL EVOLUTION ALONG
MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS: EMERGING PATTERNS OF
MORPHOLOGICAL, SCENT,AND COLOR VARIATION................................................................................................781
S.174. USING GENOMIC DATA TO UNDERSTAND
THE BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF LICHENS..................785
S.175. USING HIGHTHROUGHPUT SEQUENCING
TO UNDERSTAND PLANT EVOLUTION ON ISLANDS
IN A DATARICH ERA: NEW INSIGHTS FOR NEW
CHALLENGES. ......................................................................................................................................787

15

S.176. USING PLANTS FOR RESTORATION,CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OFFRESHWATER HABITATS..................................................................................................791
S.177. WORLD FLORA ONLINE: DEVELOPINGTAXONOMIC CONSENSUS FOR LAND PLANTSSUPPORTING SCIENCE, CONSERVATION ANDSUSTAINABLE USE........................................................................................................................796
S.178. XYLEM ANATOMY AS A CENTRAL HUB LINKINGFLUID TRANSPORT PROCESSES FROM THE
INDIVIDUAL PLANT LEVEL TO ECOSYSTEMS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
OTHERS................................................................................................................................................................801
AUTHOR INDEX BY FIRST NAME...................................................................830
SPONSORS................................................................................................................................................888

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S.001. MERGING EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHESWITH ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE
P.0001 Human and antdomesticated plants
harbour significantly
different disease resistancegene repertoires comparedto their wild relatives.

P.0002 Survey on the usage
status of tatami in historicalcultural properties in Japan
Kumiko Kihara1
1 National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto college, Kumamoto, Japan.
Tatami, which gave rise to Japanese-style rooms,
is now a rare flooring material that is only used inJapan. These tatami mats are made by wrappinga core material such as straw in “goza”, mat sheet
made from woven rushes, and have a long history
as documented in literature. One way to elucidate
the origin of tatami, where it originated and how
it came to its current state, is to comprehensively collect information on the usage of tatami fromexisting buildings and there is one possible method
to analyze it in conjunction with the historical background. Therefore, in this study, we focused on historical buildings and attempted to find out where,
how much, and for what purpose tatami were usedat the time of construction or in the present day. As
a result, it was estimated that about 70% of Japan’snationally and prefecture-designated Important
Cultural Properties have tatami mats. Among thesebuildings, temples and shrines accounted for a highproportion. Tatami mats were used by 59.7% of temples and 9.0% of shrines. A more detailed look at thelocation of use, tatami was in approximately 13% of
Buddhist temples, 26% of worship halls of shrine, 6%of main shrines, 81% of main halls of temple. Tatami
mats might be found in the temple main hall because it was suitable for indoor worship. If there are
any historical cultural properties that have tatami
mats preserved from the time of their construction,
it is possible to elucidate the origin of tatami matsby scientifically analyzing that tatami. However, tatami mats deteriorate easily, and there are extremely
limited cases in which actual old tatami mats canbe seen. The future challenge is to acquire old tatami mats.

Noah G. Bourne1
1 Durham University, Durham, UK
Plant domestication is a pivotal innovation driving
the success of human civilizations; however, thedomestication process often includes unintended phenotypic and or genomic consequences forthe plants involved. These include susceptibility todiseases in which their wild relatives are resistant.
Convergently ant-domesticated epiphytes are susceptible to disease upon ant-exclusion comparedto their non-farmed (wild analogues) relatives.
The genomic basis of this apparent discrepancy islinked to domesticated plants having differing resistance gene (R-gene) repertoires to their respective
wild relatives. Although due to the lack of consistentannotations in previous studies it is unclear whether
domestication repeatedly leads to reduced R-gene
repertoires and thus unequal disease resistancecapability across the phylogeny of domesticated plants. Pan-genome approaches highlight thatmany R-genes in plants exist in the auxiliary portionof the genome with their diversity being maintainedin a population by strong balancing selection which
is often negated during domestication. This provides
an evolutionary explanation to why reduced R-gene
repertoires persist in crop plants. Using high quality genomes of crop plants and their wild relatives,
including ant-domesticated Squamellaria and their
non-farmed relatives, we use state of the art deeplearning approaches to provide consistent annotations of R-gene repertoires. Among the 16 crop/
wild relative pairs we see significant reductions in
the repertoire of R-genes in crops across the plant
phylogeny. Additionally, the inclusion of ant-domesticated Squamellaria provides an exceptionally unique insight into the evolution of domesticatedplants over a larger timescale.

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P.0003 Multi-omic analysis
analyses reveal divergent
responses to nitrogen
limitation in tomato
cultivars and the wild
relatives

regulators at the organ scale. Physiological andmetabolic analysis revealed that both genotypes
display significant differences in performance ofthe nitrogen assimilation efficiency (NAE). The wild
relative SP displays physiological characters related to biomass production and use, showing tolerance to the limitation in N supply. Moreover, it was
highlighted the ability of SP to maintain the flux ofphotoassimilates to the fruit even under N deficiency conditions, which is strongly inhibited in thedomesticated MM cultivar. Consistently, the transcriptomic analyses allowed us to identify common and specific set of genes in root, leaf, andfruit of both genotypes whose expression depends
on N availability. All these data together provide a
set of metabolic pathways and nitrogen-responsive genes that are new putative targets for tomato NUE and fruit quality improvement under Nlimiting conditions as well new insights on the domestication process.

Sergio G. Nebauer1, Gara RomeroHernandez2, Begoña Renau-Morata3,
Daniel Gil-Villar1, Laura Carrillo2,
Rosendo Hijar-Jiménez2, Eva JiménezBenavente1, Purificación MartinezMelgarejo4, Francisco Perez-Alfocea4,
Javier Canales5, Jaime CebollaCornejo6, Rosa Victoria Molina1, Jaume
Prohens7, Joaquin Medina2.
1 Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain. 2
Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Biotecmed, Universitat deValència, Burjassot, Spain. 4 Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Spanish
National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia,
Spain. 5 Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral deChile, Valdivia, Chile. 6 Joint Research Unit, UJIUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia,
Spain. 7 Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de laAgrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient forplants, and a major limiting factor for plant growthand crop production. Nitrate is the main source ofN available for plants in agricultural soils and inmany natural environments. In addition, NO3− plays
a key function as a signaling molecule in many
aspects of plant metabolism and developmental
processes like the ones involved in seed germination, root, and shoot development and senescence. In previous studies we have identified asignificant variability in plant growth, fruit quality
and NUE traits among a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) panel of varieties under low N supply. However, the relevance of its wild relatives has
not been detailed assessed. In this study, we examined the effects of limiting N conditions on thetranscriptome and metabolome of a tomato cultivar, cv moneymaker (MM), and the closest wild
relative S. pimpinellifolium, accession To-937 (SP),to identify specific molecular processes and key

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S.002. A CONTINENTAL SCALE CONSORTIUM
APPROACH TO BUILDING GENOMICSCAPACITY AND RESOURCES: GENOMICS FOR
AUSTRALIAN PLANTS
P.0004 Phylogenomic
reconstruction of Australiancarnivorous Drosera L.
(Droseraceae) using a
hybrid capture approachgent evolution. This robust, broad scale phylogenetic framework provides the most comprehensive
view of the evolution of Australian Drosera to dateand is the first of several ongoing molecular studies
into the genus.

P.0005 Another forking
sundew: Biogeography of
the Drosera binata Labill.
(Droseraceae) species
complex in Australia and
New ZealandLuis T. Williamson , Ed Biffin , Kor-Jent van
Dijk1, John G. Conran1, Michelle Waycott1,2
1

2

1 The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 2State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Drosera L. is a cosmopolitan genus of carnivorous
plants that are most diverse in the southern hemisphere. Approximately half of the global species
diversity occurs in Australia, however the evolutionary relationships between Australian taxa remain
poorly resolved. Previous studies show conflict between phylogenetic tree topologies and traditional
morphological classifications; however, these earlier
studies were limited to two genetic marker loci (rbcL
and 18S) and include comparatively few AustralianDrosera. To fill this knowledge gap, we partnered with
the Genomics for Australian Plants Initiative (GAP),
aiming to sequence representatives of all Drosera
clades occurring in Australia. Additional samples
were included from species occurring outside ofAustralia, to place our results in a global context. Using a targeted sequence capture approach with the
OzBaits and Angiosperms353 bait sets, we recovered genomic data from hundreds of nuclear locifor 96 Drosera samples, representing approximately
half of the Drosera species diversity in Australia. As
higher classification concepts differ among authors,
we aimed to include sequence data from the typespecies for each subgenus and section, where possible. While the broad tree topology is congruent
with other molecular studies, novel relationships arefound between taxa within multiple clades. Particularly novel relationships are found among the tuberous Drosera (subg. Ergaleium sect. Ergaleium),including multiple suspected instances of conver-

Luis T. Williamson1, Ed Biffin2, Kor-Jent van
Dijk1, John G. Conran1, Michelle Waycott1,2
1 The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. 2
State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Drosera binata Labill. (Droseraceae) are widely distributed flypaper trap carnivorous plants, occurring in temperate and subtropical environments inAustralia and New Zealand. Across its distribution,
D. binata displays highly variable leaf morphology,
with four morphotypes (‘T-form’, var. dichotoma,var. multifida and var. multifida f. extrema) that areconsidered indicative of evolutionary affinities. To
resolve the relationships between morphs, population and singleton sampling was conducted forall morphs across the full extent of the distribution.
Next generation sequencing was conducted using
a target enrichment hybrid capture method with acustom bait set (OzBaits). Sequence data recoveredfrom numerous chloroplast and nuclear loci wasprocessed with the CAPTUS pipeline and analysedusing IQ-TREE. Three well supported clades were
found; a polymorphic ‘southern’ clade that extends
across south and south-eastern Australia, extending to New Zealand; a closely affiliated polymorphic‘eastern’ clade, occurring in New South Wales andsouth-eastern Queensland; and a geographically19

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isolated, morphologically stable Western Australian ‘T-form’ clade that is highly divergent from allother populations. Multiple morphs occur withinthe ‘southern’ and ‘eastern’ clades, with populations showing strong geographic patterns regardless of differences in leaf morphology and growthhabit. The results of these analyses challenge theproposed morphological classification of the species based on lamina morphology. All populations,
except those in South Australia, feature high levelsof within- and between-population variation; thepotential origin of South Australian polymorphic but
genetically homogenous populations are discussed.
Close affiliations between ‘southern’ D. binata populations in south-east Australia and in New Zealandare considered evidence of at least one long distance dispersal event from Australia to New Zealand. The conservation and taxonomic issues raisedby this study are discussed in detail, with a focus on
the highly divergent Western Australian clade, dispersal, morphology and population diversity.

across the range of our target species: Eucalyptus
nova-anglica. This is a species of Eucalyptus endemic to the New England Tablelands region of New
South Wales Australia, in the past this species has
been under immense stress due to herbivory related
dieback and was the most severely affected species by ‘New England Dieback’ a defoliation related
die-off of trees. As drought related dieback increases across the world there are fears that this species,
and others typically affected by herbivory dieback
may be irrevocably impacted due to the changing patterns of herbivores, the increased climaticstressors on trees, and possibly due to a trade-off
between drought, and herbivory related physiological defences. By including condition assessments,and morphological traits, with temporal climatic
variables, we aim to identify signatures of local adaptation and determine whether differences in phenotype relate to identifiable outlying loci or are examples of phenotypic plasticity. The identification of
outlying loci will allow for gene ontology annotation,
to further identify the pathways of this local adaptation. The data we have collected will also informgene environment association, and genome-wide
association studies, with the overall goal of creating
genetic offset maps sing climate predictions overthe next 50 years. These offset maps will inform conservation goals via the identification of ‘stable’ and‘vulnerable’ populations for conservation prioritisation, and the selection of specific seed-stock provenances for revegetation and conservation efforts.

P.0006 Integrating
phenotypic, genomic, andspatial analyses to identify
the role of plasticity andlocal adaptation in climate
responses
Joshua A. Zimmerman1, Rhiannon smith1,
Paul D. Rymer2, Justin Borevitz3, Rose L.
Andrew1

P.0007 Drought and its
effects on biochemical
pathways, trade-offs forherbivory defence, andimplications on herbivory
related dieback

1 School of Environmental and rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales,
Australia. 2 Hawkesbury Institute for the environment, Western Sydney university, Sydney, NewSouth Wales, Australia. 3 Research School of Biology, Australian National university, Canberra, Australia.

Joshua A. Zimmerman1, Paul D. Rymer2,
Rose L. Andrew1, Rhiannon Smith1

With global climate change leading to increasing
environmental pressures across ecosystems, understanding the interactions between these novelpressures, genomic capacity, and existing ecosystem pressures is of crucial importance. Combining
multiple data points to gauge species, and population level resilience to change is valuable for maintaining conservation targets and improving outcomes. To this effect, we seek to combine temporalcondition measurements, phenotypic trait measurements, and whole genome sequence data from

1 School of Environmental and rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales,
Australia. 2 Hawkesbury Institute for the environment, Western Sydney university, Sydney, NewSouth Wales, Australia.
The impacts of climate change on ecosystems
extend further than simply drought or water related stressors and encompass all ecosystem related
functions. Changing food webs, and herbivore-plant

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Poster presentationsof the plants were water stressed past a permanent
wilting point (1500kpa). Physiological, phytochemical, and morphological measurements were taken,
and RNA extracted for transcriptomics. Differences ingrowth, and water stress tolerance, as well as phytochemical differences among populations will becompared with differential gene expression from 96
individuals across populations to help disentangle
intraspecific differences in water-stress tolerance,
as well as identifying the biochemical pathways
that are most important in this response. In addition, phytochemical analysis of key anti-herbivory
mono- and sesquiterpenes will provide evidence
as to whether a trade-off between water stress response and herbivory defences exists, elucidating
whether there is a deleterious interaction between
drought tolerance and future herbivore defence ata biochemical level in plants.

interactions are an important factor to consider inthe question of climate related impact on plant species. Eucalyptus nova-anglica is a species of Eucalyptus endemic to the New England Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. In the past thisspecies has been severely impacted by herbivory
related dieback on multiple occasions. The worst
such, saw over 50% of all individuals of this species die-off due to defoliation rates up to 300% of
canopy coverage annually. This species is one ofmany species worldwide that are heavily affectedby cyclical herbivory causing stress and dieback. It
is therefore important, not only to determine a species’ response to climate stress, but also how this
response affects a species ability to defend against
herbivory, and other stressors in the environment. In
a 6-month greenhouse study E. nova-anglica seedlings from across the species range were subjected
to 3 months of graduating severe water stress. Half

S.003. ACROSS LAND AND WATER:UNDERSTANDING PLANT GENE FLOW AT A
LANDSCAPE SCALE
P.0008 Patterns of genetic
variation in the riparianplant species, Carex
aquatilis Wahlenb.

utilising SSRs was used to determine the genetic
diversity and isolation by distance (IBD) in populations downstream vs upstream within the same
river system and between adjacent catchments.
Isolated populations were incorporated both within
the mainland and on adjacent isles. IBD is evident,with unique gene pools present in isolated sites anda distinction between genetic portfolios present in
the different regions. However, no significant difference in genetic variation was observed between
upstream and downstream populations or between
the adjacent river systems. These findings indicate
dispersal methods outside of hydrochory are being
utilised bypassing geographical barriers between
catchments. This has implications for broader connectivity within the landscape.

Jennifer Clayton Brown1, Paul Ashton1
1 Biosciences, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, UK.
Riparian systems are diverse and widespread. Water borne seed dispersal (hydrochory) within a river system helps shape the genetic diversity of theassociated flora whilst the extent of gene flow between river systems is determined the pattern ofgenetic differentiation between systems. The role ofhydrochory and other methods of gene flow in genetically structuring populations has not been fully
explored. Carex aquatilisis a riparian sedge species
restricted to a few rivers systems in the UK with someoutlying populations. This study focuses upon thegenetic structure of the species in three rivers plus
isolated populations within the UK. River systems allow consideration of gene flow by hydrochory andother methods of gene flow, while isolated populations lack hydrochore dispersal. Genetic analysis

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P.0009 Modes ofreproduction affects genetic
diversity and population
maintenance in three
Japanese Dioscorea species

P.0010 Gene flow andgenetic divergence ininsular populations: a casestudy from Andaman andNicobar archipelago

Kazuki Okamoto1, Satoshi Nanami1,
Hayato Tokumoto1, Shizue Yoshihara1,
Akira Itoh1

Sarath Paremmal1,3, Muneera Parveen
AB2, Ghosh Dasgupta M2, Sreekumar VB1,
Dev SA1*

1 Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.

1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala,
India. 2 Institute for Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, India. 3 Forest Research Institute
Deemed University, Dehradun, India. *sumadev@
rediffmail.com.

Plants have three modes of reproduction: sexual,asexual, and both. To understand the effectivenessof each mode and the significance of reproductive
diversity, it is important to compare genetic diversity and population structure among species withdifferent modes of reproduction and elucidate themechanisms of population maintenance. This study
extensively sampled three dioecious Dioscorea
plants in Japan and examined their genetic diversity and geographic genetic structure. D. quinquelobata reproduced solely through sexual reproduction via seed. D. japonica reproduced throughboth sexual reproduction via seed and asexual
reproduction via bulbil. Male plants of D. bulbifera
reproduced only asexually by producing bulbils, as
female plants are rare in Japan. In D. quinquelobata
populations, most individuals exhibited distinct genotypes. The population of D. japonica consisted ofnumerous clones, all of which were limited to local
distribution. In contrast, the majority of D. bulbifera
individuals were limited to three clones. Two of theseclones were distributed over a large geographicalarea, while the third was only found in a single local population. The genetic diversity and structure of
the three species may reflect their unique population maintenance mechanisms. D. quinquelobata’s
population is maintained through crossbreeding
male and female plants to produce diverse offspring. D. japonica combines sexual reproduction
to ensure genetic diversity with asexual reproduction which requires only one individual. D. bulbifera
maintained its population through the production of
bulbils, even though it grows almost exclusively on
male plants. The narrow distribution of each D. japonica clone suggests that the dispersal range ofD. japonica bulbils is limited. In contrast, D. bulbifera
bulbils have a wide enough dispersal range to forma geographically widespread distribution.

Islands provide unique platform for studying theroles of geography and ecology in driving population divergence and speciation. Geographically isolated populations of pan-archipelagic species often
diverge via accumulation of genetic and phenotypic variations. We intended to investigate this phenomenon in morphologically diverged island populations of Korthalsia laciniosa, a threatened climbing
palm distributed in wet evergreen forest patches of
the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, in the Bay of
Bengal. Draft genome of K. laciniosa (592Mbp) was
developed and explored to mine out genome-wide
microsatellite markers. A subset of identified neutral,
genic and chloroplast microsatellite markers werethen utilized to address how gene flow, seed dispersal, local environmental variation, landscape andgeography could influence population divergence.
Further, Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) in different climate regimes were also explored. The genotyped thirteen populations of K. laciniosa across thearchipelago have shown high genetic divergenceamong islands and increased number of private
alleles in most isolated populations. Nuclear andchloroplast genetic data has provided evidence ofdistinct genetic clusters, and discrete population
structure. Genetic admixture among isolated but
geographically closer populations with exceptions
were also observed. The profound influence of IBD
and IBE on genetic distance was identified alongwith putative loci under selection. Approximate
Bayesian Computation analysis was utilized to test
different demographic scenarios to draw inferenceson the population history of the species. The analysis
supported past admixture and subsequent reduction and isolation of populations. Furthermore, estimates on historical and contemporary gene flowusing Migrate-n and BAYESASS concord with this ob-

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lands had a larger distribution of moist evergreen
forests in the past. The information generated could
be used to implement tailor-designed conservation
strategies.

servation. ENM identified wider potential ecologicalniches suitable for the species in the paleo/Pleistocene climate scenario which reduced subsequently
in the present. Additionally, it implies that these is-S.004. ADVANCES IN FERN ECOLOGY:RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOTIC
STRESS FACTORS
P.0011 Tropospheric ozone
compromises plant
performance throughout
their ontogeny

ry. Vegetative growth, flower traits, number of seeds,
seed weight and seed germination were measured
to figure out the impact of O3 through the ontogenyof the plants. Species from different altitudes wereassayed, from the summits (e.g., Silene ciliata) to thebase of the mountains (e.g., the endemic Erodium
paularense). From this research, new O3 risk indicators will come and the development of new criticallevels (O3 thresholds for plant protection) for Mediterranean mountain pastures ecosystems following
the UNECE Air Convention.

S. Prieto-Benítez1, I. Gónzalez-Fernandez1,
R. Ruiz-Checa1, E. Torres2, R. Alonso1, V.
Bermejo-Bermejo1
1 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain. 2 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

P.0012 Catalog of Lycophytafrom Chile

Due to the high plant toxicity, wide distribution inrural and natural areas, and its greenhouse effect,
tropospheric ozone (O3) is one of the most relevant air pollutants in the Northern hemisphere. The
Mediterranean climatic conditions facilitate photochemical formation and persistence of O3, leadingin the Iberian Peninsula to a chronic exceedanceof the threshold levels for plant protection established by the UNECE Air Convention and the EU Air
Quality Directive (2008/50/EC). The high levels of O3
in forested and rural areas, far away from precursor emission areas, are negatively affecting natural
ecosystems, such as those of the Mediterranean
mountains considered hot spots for plant biodiversity on a global scale. This is the case of the “Sierrade Guadarrama (SG)” mountains belonging to the
Spanish Central system. The high oxidative capacity of O3 may cause vegetative growth loss, nutrient
imbalance and reproductive success reduction,
weakening plants to tolerate other environmental
stresses like water stress. Different experimental OTC
assays under semi-natural conditions have beendeveloped to analyze the O3 tolerance of different
species belonging to the perennial pasture communities in the SG. Plants were submitted to four different O3 exposures, from background pre-industrial
levels till future expected levels in the present centu-

Fernanda Céspedes1, Paulette I. Naulin1
1 Laboratorio Biología de Plantas, Universidad deChile, Santiago, Chile.
Lycophyta, the first lineage of plants with secondary
growth, includes arborescent specimens. Reproducing through spores, they lack seeds and exhibit dichotomous apical growth in stems and roots. Lycophyta have sterile and fertile lycophylls with a single
central vascular bundle. Thriving in humid environments, they serve as bioindicators of environmental
changes. Besides, they have medicinal and culturalvalue. Although this clade holds evolutionary importance, there is a lack of studies in Chile that organize
the taxonomic understanding and assess the risk ofextinction within it. Therefore, this study proposes an
updated catalog for the lycophytes present in Chile.
The taxonomy, distribution, morphological description, conservation status, and taxonomic history of
Chilean lycophytes were systematized through an
exhaustive revision of literature, herbarium specimens, and internationally recognized web pages. Chile presents 12 species across three families:
Lycopodiaceae (seven species), Isoetaceae (four23

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species), and Selaginellaceae (one species). Lycopodiaceae is the richest family in the country, withseven species belonging to three genera (Austrolycopodium, Diphasium, and Huperzia). Isoetaceae
follows with four species of the genus Isoetes, andfinally, the only species of Selaginellaceae in Chileis Selaginella apoda (L.) Fernald, an introduced
species native to North America. Distribution spansfrom the Coquimbo Region to the Magallanes andthe Chilean Antarctic Region, excluding the Metropolitan and O’Higgins regions. The Archipiélago deJuan Fernández hosts three Lycopodiaceae species.
Concerning conservation, seven species are Least
Concern (LC), one is Endangered (EN), one is Critically Endangered (CR), one is Vulnerable (VU), andone lacks information. Selaginella apoda is an introduced species, so its conservation status was defined by NatureServeExplorer, rating it as G5, indicating that the species is “at very low risk or extinction
or collapse due to a very extensive range, abundant
populations or occurrences, and little to no concern
from declines or threats.

are asking for the scientific collaboration of pteridologists specialised in lycophytes to participate in ourstudy by contributing samples of several populationsof relevant species. Overall, we aim to bring the empirical study of heterospory in pteridophytes to a more
prominent position in plant evolutionary ecology.

P.0014 Winter is coming:
potential desiccation andfreezing cross-tolerance in
ferns
Beatriz Fernández-Marín1, Lucía HerreroQuintanilla1, Miren Irati Arzac1, Alicia
Victoria Perera-Castro1, José ManuelLaza2, Jose Luis Vilas2, Aitor Laza1, José
Ignacio García-Plazaola1
1 Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain. 2 Department of Physical Chemistry, University of theBasque Country, Leioa, Spain.

P.0013 The compensation of
the costs of heterospory

Among temperate and boreoalpine ferns, somespecies retain their fronds during wintertime. Evergreen fronds must then be able to tolerate repeated freezing/thawing events throughout the wintertime that have down-stream consequences. These
include risks such as: photooxidative stress, xylem
embolism and mechanical damage derived fromfreeze-induced cell-dehydration. Most of these risks
have been successfully prevented/solved by desiccation-tolerant species: i.e. those able to equilibrate
the water potential of their fronds with that of theatmosphere and then recover normal metabolic
functions after rehydration. Thus, we hypothesisethat anatomical and physiological mechanisms
enabling desiccation tolerance in ferns may provide ecophysiological advantages to face freezing
stress too. To test this hypothesis we selected few
species naturally growing in the North of the Iberian Peninsula and with different tolerances to dehydration. After evaluating their tolerance to different
subzero temperatures, we assessed their ice nucleation temperature through differential scanningcalorimetry, their gas exchange through infra-red
gas analyser, xylem anatomy through fluorescencemicroscopy, glass transition temperature throughdynamic thermal analyses, and photoprotective responses through chlorophyll fluorescence and highperformance liquid chromatography. Our results reveal significant interspecific differences in freezing

Lucía De Soto1, John R. Pannell2, Sonia
Molino3, Susana Vega4, Marcos Méndez5
1 Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 3
Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 5King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
Heterospory, the production of spores of two different
sizes (microspores which develop into male gametophytes and megaspores into female gametophytes),
has evolved independently at least eight times in land
plants, one of them in lycophytes. Heterospory entails
a potential cost in fecundity derived from the sex specialisation of spores. The development of unisexual
gametophytes reduces the number of young sporophytes returned per spore, usually only one per megaspore and several per microspore, and therefore
the number of spores produced by a heterosporous
sporophyte should increase to compensate this reduction. Here, we will use two sister clades, the homosporous Lycopodiales and the heterosporous Selaginellales, as a model system to test the hypothesis thatthe number of spores produced per unit of sporophyte
biomass of heterosporous lycophytes is greater than
the number of isospores produced per unit of sporophyte biomass of homosporous ones. To this end, we

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tolerance, maximal photosynthetic capacity, xylem
properties and ice nucleation temperature. Dataalso reflect some common mechanisms particularly related to photoprotection. All things considered,data support a side-effect protection against freezing/thawing damage in desiccation-tolerant species, although some specific physiological adaptations are also needed.

stable RH of the tree fern trunks, presumably resulting
from the moist root mantle, allowed for a high diversityof fern gametophytes. Additionally, the webbed structure and humus accumulation in the root mantle simulate a terrestrial-like environment, offering a habitat
for fern species that typically establish on the ground.
Importantly, this study is among the first insights into
epiphytic fern gametophyte communities on tree
ferns.

P.0015 Ferns on ferns: an
exploration of epiphytic fern
gametophytes growing on
low trunks of tree ferns

P.0016 Exploring the isotopic
composition of club mosses(Lycopodiaceae) and theirjuvenile population structure
in natural ecosystems

Alexandria Quinlan1, Li-Yaung Kuo2
1 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 2 Instituteof Molecular & Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.

Radvile Rimgaile-Voicik1, Anita Elizabeth
Clarke1, Jonas Remigijus Naujalis1, Andrius
Garbaras2

Tree ferns have been documented as significant hosts
for epiphytes, often composed of distinct communities that are considerably different from other hosts.
Particularly, exclusive growth of epiphytic fern species
has been exhibited on tree ferns, however, this fernon-tree-fern epiphytism has yet to be explored forthe gametophyte generation. In June and October of2022, in a subtropical forest in Taiwan, low trunks of twotree fern species, Alsophila spinulosa and A. podophylla (Cyatheaceae), and nearby angiosperm tree hosts
were surveyed for epiphytic fern gametophytes. The
surveys aimed to identify differences in fern gametophyte communities between tree ferns and otherhosts, and whether stable humidity is a key factor associated with such differences. Gametophytes wereidentified using a metabarcoding approach that involved sequencing multiplexed amplicons from thetrnL-F DNA barcode region, which were derived fromtissue-direct PCRs. Overall, tree ferns harbored a significantly higher abundance and species richnessof gametophytes than angiosperm hosts, and hosted more cordiform gametophytes that were mostly
from accidental and facultative fern species. In comparison, angiosperms hosted a higher abundance of
non-cordiform individuals. In addition, two independent fern gametophytes were found on the surveyed
hosts, Callistopteris apiifolia (Hymenophyllaceae) and
Haplopteris yakushimensis (Pteridaceae). Results froma relative humidity (RH) survey showed that the RH of
all surveyed hosts was most frequently over 95%, however, the angiosperm host spent a longer duration below 95% and 85% RH compared to the tree ferns. The

1 Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of
BiosciencesVilnius, Lithuania. 2 State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Vilnius, Lithuania.
Homosporous club mosses have an archaic life cycle, alternating two locationally, nutritionally, andphysiologically independent generations. The sexual
generation of club mosses – the gametophytes (orprothalli) – are among the least researched botanical objects. Little is known about the life cycle, population structure, and fitness of club mosses and theirrole in nutrient cycling. Forty years ago, one of therarest botanical objects – club moss gametophytes
and juvenile sporophytes – were discovered for the
first time in forests of Lithuania. We were the first tocollect spatial data on gametophyte distribution
and their diversity in soil. We applied Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA) to evaluate the spatial distribution of juvenile sporophytes and gametophytesof genera Lycopodium L. and Diphasiastrum Holub.
Our results suggest that initial populations of clubmosses in pine forests are multi-aged and display
a relatively stable degree of spatial aggregation. In
recent years, efforts have been put into employing
stable isotopes to investigate plants that are otherwise difficult to study due to their peculiar biology and ecology. The ratios of stable carbon (13C/12C)
and nitrogen (15N/14N) isotopes are applied in quantitative assessments of ecophysiological processes
in plants. Stable isotopes can reveal carbon and nitrogen sequestration trends across different levels

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spanning from individuals to entire ecosystems. We
analyzed the distribution of 13C and 15N by Isotope
Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS). We determined thecarbon (C%) and nitrogen (N%) content in different
organs of Lycopodium annotinum L. (interrupted
clubmoss, syn. Spinulum annotinum (L.) A.Haines)
sporophytes. We found a seasonal gradient andlinked isotope distribution with neighboring plant
diversity. Our findings are crucial to better understanding lycophyte ecophysiology and their function in hemi-boreal forests.

quent gametophyte death through desiccation.
Water limitation reduced gametophyte survival, especially in C. macrocarpa but gametophyte growth
was not significantly affected. Gametophytes of all
species showed low recovery of physiological status
after desiccation treatments suggesting that they
are desiccation sensitive. The higher leaf mass perarea obtained in xerophytes is consistent with theirsporophyte desiccation tolerance. However, the also
higher gametophyte mass per area of xerophytes
did not translate into a greater desiccation tolerance at the gametophyte stage. All these findings
suggest that climate change-related increases indrought events may reduce spore germination andgametophyte survival, and thus sporophyte recruitment of both hygrophyte and xerophyte ferns.

P.0017 Water stress effects
on germination andgametophyte growth infour ferns from contrasting
habitats

P.0018 Photosynthetic
responses of Pinus brutia
trees to defoliation bypine processionary moth(Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni
Tams.)

Sarghini L.1, Ruiz-Cano S.2, Medina N.G.2,
Gago J.3, Quintanilla L.G.1
1 Global Change Research Institute, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain. 2 Biodiversity andGlobal Change Research Centre, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute, University of
the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.

Gürkan Semiz1, Ayşe Deligöz2, Esra Bayar2,Gürçay Kıvanç Akyildiz1, Batıkan Günal1

Climate change is posing a threat to plant biodiversity, especially in Southern Europe, where adverse
abiotic stress factors like water deficit are prevalent. Although spore germination and gametophyte
establishment are indispensable for effective fern
dispersal and sporophyte recruitment, the effects ofwater limitation on these stages have been poorly
investigated. In this study cultivation and desiccation tolerance experiments were conducted to test
the hypothesis that xerophytic species have adaptations in spore germination and gametophyte
growth that allow them to establish in environmentswith lower water availability than hygrophytic species. To do so, two hygrophyte ferns (Culcita macrocarpa and Woodwardia radicans) and two xerophyte ferns (Asplenium ceterach and Cosentinia
vellea) were compared. Interestingly, C. vellea, themost xerophytic species, exhibited a sharp germination decline with decreasing water potential (ψ)
contrasting with W. radicans, which maintained germination at lower ψ, and A. ceterach and C. macrocarpa showed intermediate responses to ψ. This
germination inhibition of C. vellea at low ψ can be
an adaption preventing germination during transient wet conditions, which would lead to subse-

1 Department of Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli,
Turkey. 2 Department of Forest Engineering, Isparta
University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey.
Insect damage, which is predicted to increase with
global climate change, can adversely affect thegrowth and survival of trees. Pinus brutia Ten. is the
species with the widest distribution range amongconiferous forests in Turkey. Pinus brutia is of great
importance both ecologically and economically,
as it can grow rapidly and is suitable for afforestation over large areas. The major biological pest of P.
brutia in both natural and afforestation areas is thepine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) defoliation. This pest causes significant
damage, especially in the pine forests of the Mediterranean, Aegean and Marmara regions of Turkey.
In this study, we investigated the changes in photosynthetic responses (net photosynthesis rate,stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) inpine samples both resistant and susceptible clones
against T. wilkinsoni over a year in a clonal seed orchard, near Antalya, Turkey. The photosynthetic responses of P. brutia needles were investigated using
one-year-old shoots using a portable photosyn-

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thesis system (LI-6400XT, LI-COR) with an LED lightsource (6400-02B, LI-COR). Our results showed thatthe net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductanceand transpiration rate were lower in the dry period(July and September) than in the rainy period (April
and January). There were statistically significant differences between resistant and susceptible clones
in the sampling periods. Susceptible clones exhibited a higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in some sampling
periods. Overall, this study shows that susceptible
and resistant clones of P. brutia show differencesin their photosynthetic and defensive responses topine processionary moth herbivory.

sade-spongy type (mPS). The presence of giant chloroplasts (monoplastid) is strongly associated with thefunnel-shaped epidermal or subepidermal cells on
the dorsal surface cell, and tend to be found in humid
shady environments. Open and arid environments
show diverse leaf forms, including a multiveined form
(S. schaffneri), often with thick epidermal cell walls,
and may have a resurrection ability. The differentiationof leaf structure of anisophyllous species can be higher than the isophyllous species. The evidence points
to increasing diversity of Selaginella microphylls withtime. Even though small and simple leaves, the microphylls of Selaginella show structural flexibility adapted
to a wide variety of environments.

P.0019 Microphylls arediverse too: evidence
from a structural study of
Selaginellaceae

P.0020 Bioactive
compounds andneuroprotective effectsof the fern Lophosoria
quadripinnata(Dicksoniaceae): UHPLC-MS
and in silico approach

Shau-Fu Li1, 2, Jian-Wei Liu1, Iván A.
Valdespino3, Chun-Lin Huang2, Peter
Chesson1,4, Chiou-Rong Sheue1
1 National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City,
Taiwan. 2 National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung City, Taiwan. 3 Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Panama. 4 University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.

Alfredo Torres-Benítez1,2*, Mario J.
Simirgiotis José Erick Ortega-Valencia3,
Jaqueline S. Ley-Martínez3, Javian
Gallardo-Valdivia4, Marta Sanchez5, María
Pilar Goméz-Serranillos5, 1Selaginellaceae (Lycophyta) is monogeneric andcosmopolitan, having highly diverse species. Generally, the leaves of Selaginella are tiny and single vein,
recognized as microphylls, occurring in two major
forms, isophylls and anisophylls, named for their morphological variation and arrangements on the plant.
In contrast to multivein leaves (megaphylls), the studyof microphylls is greatly under reported. The aim of thisstudy is to explore the diversity of microphyll structureof Selaginellaceae and associate with chloroplast
traits and habitats. Seventy-six species from sevensubgenera of Selaginella collected from the Old- andNew- World were studied with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning lightmicroscopy for understanding leaf structures andchloroplast traits. Based on the vein and leaf structures, eight microphyll types were delineated in thisstudy: Epidermis-spongy type (ES); Epidermis-funneled subepidermal cell-spongy type (EfSeS); Epidermis-palisade-spongy type (EPS); Funneled epidermal
cell type (fE(S)); Funneled epidermal cell-spongy type(fES); Funneled epidermal cell-funneled subepidermal cell-spongy type (fEfSeS); Funneled epidermal
cell-palisade-spongy type (fEPS) and multivein pali-

1 Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. 2 Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile. 3 Instituto
Tecnológico de Tlalnepantla, Estado de México,
Mexico. 4 Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile,
Chile. 5 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. *aljotobe19@hotmail.com
Lophosoria quadripinnata is a fern species of thefamily Dicksoniaceae, widely distributed in theAmerican tropics and ranges between humid andtemperate regions from Veracruz and Hidalgo in
Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina. Has ornamental value in gardens, as a cut leaf for florists, andin traditional medicine as homeostatic and to stop
bleeding. The objective of this work was to identify
the bioactive compounds of the lyophilized extractof L. quadripinnata and evaluated the neuroprotective effects by the action of major compounds
through in silico analysis. From 20 g of fronds of L.
quadripinnata collected in an area adjacent to thebotanical garden of the Universidad Austral de Chile(Valdivia, Los Ríos region, Chile) a lyophilized ex-27

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tract with a final yield of 9% was obtained. Thirteencompounds were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass
spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). The pharmacokinetic properties and toxicological behavior(mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, reproductive effect,
and irritation) of the phytochemicals were calculated using the computational tool Osiris Data Warrior (v 5.5.0); according to the results of violation of
Lipinski’s rules and the absence of toxicity risks, thecompounds 5GDC (5-glucosyloxy-6,7-dimethoxy
coumarin), 5C3M (5-O-caffeoyl-3-O-malonylquinicacid), and irifloside were selected as possible inhibitors of the enzyme and protein complexes of interest. The two-dimensional structures of the selectedcompounds were prepared with the ChemDraw
program 8.0, and the crystal structures of Acetylcholinesterase (TcAChE) (PDB:1DX6), Butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) (PDB: 4BDS), Tyrosinase (PDB: 2Y9X)
and human Nrf2-Keap1 (PDB: 4L7B) were downloaded from the PDB database (http://www.rcsb.org/
pdb). The strongest binding affinities with Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase, Tyrosinase, andNrf2-Keap1 were presented by the compound 5C3M(-9.90 kcal/mol, -8.90 kcal/mol, -7.50 kcal/mol, and-10.70 kcal/mol, respectively). This fern constitutes apotential source of bioactive compounds that canbe widely studied in different disease models related to oxidative stress.

of the subfamily Cuprininae exclusively specialize in FSF. Cuprininae is, therefore, an ideal groupfor understanding the evolutionary and ecologicaldynamics between fern plants and insect herbivores. To study host-herbivore relationships widelyin Cuprininae species, we conducted a one-year
phenological survey in Taiwan and investigated thespore-feeding larval diversity on 30 fern species
across 13 families. Notably, we applied a new approach to DNA-identify these moth larvae that was
cost-effective and leveraged by tissue-direct PCR
and NGS metabarcoding. After assessing various
PCR conditions for COI barcodes, our optimized protocol achieved a final success rate of 98% for the
DNA identification of Cuprininae larvae. Importantly,
these identification results revealed some previously unknown fern-moth links but also identified new
Cuprininae species. Additionally, by updating thehost records, we traced the evolutionary trends of(sub)order-level host ranges of Cuprininae species
along their dated phylogeny. Our phylogenetic findings suggest that Cuprininae were ancestrally oligophagous, feeding on eupolypod ferns (suborders
Polypodiineae + Aspleniineae), and subsequently
switched to host on other fern lineages, including
other polypod suborders and the order Cyatheales.
These host transitions also revealed a significant
trend from oligophagous feeders to specialists, implying a co-evolutionary link between recent diversifications of Cuprininae and polypod fern hosts.

P.0021 Finding a bugin fern sori: host range
dynamics in fern-sporefeeding moth Cuprininae(Stathmopodidae)

P.0022 An exploration of
the ant:plant mutualism in
the rare fern Microgramma(Solanopteris) brunei.
James E. Watkins, Jr.1, Juliana CardonaDuque2, Mileidy Idárraga2, Xiomara Rojo
Piñeres3, Catherine Cardelus1

Yu-Chia Wang1, Yan-Zhen Chen2, ZongYu Shen3,4, Yu-Feng Hsu3, Jen-Pan Huang4,
Li-Yaung Kuo1,2

1 Colgate University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, USA. 2 Colecciones Biológicas Universidad CES(CBUCES), Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología,
Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia. 3 Ecology Program, Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.

1 Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. 2 Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. 3 Department of Life Science,
National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
4 Biodiversity Research Center, Academic Sinica,
Taipei, Taiwan.

Fern-insect interactions are poorly explored yet oneof the more notable of these is the relationship ofAzteca ants and the fern Microgramma (Solanopteris) brunei. This is a rare and unusual epiphytic
fern species known from a small number of collections from Mexico south to Colombia. While excep-

Lepidoptera is the primary invertebrate herbivoreof ferns. Among these fern herbivores, 6.1% exhibit
a feeding habit specific to spores (i.e., fern-sporefeeding, FSF). In particular, Stathmopodidae is themost diversified family with FSF taxa, and the larvae28

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tionally poorly studied, the species is unusual in that
it forms an apparently mutualistic association withants primarily mediated through the production ofenlarged stem domatia produced on long creeping
rhizomes. The goal of this work was to understandthe ecology and natural history of this fern and to
explore the costs and benefits of this mutualistic interaction. The fern showed a strong affinity to guava
trees Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) in open pastures near humid forests in the eastern slope of theWestern Cordillera in Colombia. Hollow stem domatia provided housing/shelter for the ants and often
produced roots in the walls and inside the domatia
cavity. Ants showed aggressive behavior when disturbed, and were also observed predating various
insect species, including the rizophagous weevil
Exophtalmus parentheticus (Curculionidae: Entiminae). We discovered that the fern produces massive ant gardens composed of hundreds of domatia in various stages of development and decay andant-constructed internal structures. These gardens
hosted one or more queens and were full of ants atvarying developmental stages. We examined stable
isotopes 15N and 13C and a two-pool mixing model
to calculate the percentage of both N and C thatis transferred in this system. We hypothesized thatthe ferns would receive significant inputs of N and C
from ant wastes. We also collected a suite of plant
functional trait data in this species and four otherswith similar ecology but lacking ant domatia. The
project is ongoing and revealing novel insights into
this unique relationship.

genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and we
found thatNtBAHDgenes are diverse based on genestructure, physiochemical properties, and function.
The NtBAHD genes were found to be located on 20
tobacco chromosomes. Two pairs of tandem duplication genes and 27 pairs of segmental duplication
genes were obtained by analysis of gene duplication events, indicating that both tandem and segmental duplications have contributed to the expansion of the NtBAHD gene family in tobacco. The
cis-regulatory elements present in the promoters of
NtBAHD genes were involved in phytohormones, abiotic stresses, and photoresponsive. Expression profile analysis revealed that the expression patterns ofdifferent members of NtBAHD were found to be diverse in different developmental stages of the same
tissue or in different tissues.

P.0024 Transcription
factor NtMYB59 positively
regulates the synthesis of
tobacco chlorogenic acid
MingzhuWu1, XiaLin1, ZhongWang1, Yalong
Xu1, Zefeng Li1, Chen Wang1, JunYang1
1 China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National
Tobacco Corporation, China.
Chlorogenic acid is one of the most abundant soluble polyphenol in solanaceae plants, which possessmany biological and pharmaceutical properties,
including anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-tumor, and it has important economic value. MYB
transcription factors play an important role in plant
growth and development, protect against biologicaland abiotic stresses. We mapped the co-expression
network of genes related to chlorogenic acid synthesis using the whole-genome and whole-growth
expression profile data of tobacco, and found that
NtMYB59 gene may interact with NtHQT1. Throughcloning and bioinformatics analysis of NtMYB59
gene, we found that it has the typical R2 and R3
domains of R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Phylogenetic analysis shows that NtMYB59 and AtMYB59
belong to the same clade in evolution. By analyzing the chlorogenic acid content in the leaves of NtMYB59 overexpression and RNAi transgenic plants,
it was found that the chlorogenic acid content in
the leaves of overexpression plants was significantly increased, while in RNAi plants was significantly
decreased. Meanwhile, we found that the expres-P.0023 Genome-wide
identification of BAHD genefamily and expression
analysis in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Lin Xia1, Zefeng Li1, Yijun Li1, Zhong Wang1,
Xiaodong Xie1, JunYang1, Mingzhu Wu1
1 China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou, Tobacco Research Institute of China National
Tobacco Corporation, China.
Plant BAHD acyltransferases constitute a large family of enzymes that utilize acyl CoA as a substrate
and play diverse biological roles, including catalyzing thesynthesis ofphenolics, terpenes, small volatile
esters, as well as defense compounds. In this study,
a total of 87 NtBAHD genes were identifed from the29

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sion of NtMYB59 and NtHQT1 in overexpression andRNAi plants showed a similar rule with the changeof chlorogenic acid content. We also found that NtMYB59 could directly bind to the promoter of NtHQT1,
so as to regulate the expression of NtHQT1. Our study
provides genetic resources and technical support
for the analysis of plant chlorogenic acid synthesis
regulatory network, gene regulation and genetic improvement of tobacco quality traits.

that gametophyte populations of H. murakami-hatanakae on three islands in the Izu Islands. Basedon cpDNA analysis between the gametophyte andsporophyte populations, the gametophytes were
found to be maintained by gemmae reproduction
without new supplies of spores. Finally, a comparison of the surrounding vegetation at the collection
sites suggested that environmental factors such as
light and humidity may influence the maintenanceof gametophyte populations. These results clearly
demonstrate that H. murakami-hatanakae is oneof the ferns capable of forming independent gametophytes. To our knowledge, this is the first reportof independent gametophytes from the suborder
Aspleniineae (Eupolypod II). The discovery of the
independent gametophyte within a phylogenetic lineage previously thought not to form such gametophytes will provide important insights into themorphological and functional evolution of gametophytes in ferns.

P.0025 The independent
gametophytes ofHymenasplenium
murakami-hatanakae(Aspleniaceae)
Katsuhiro Yoneoka1, Tao Fujiwara2,
Toshifumi Kataoka1, Kiyotaka Hori3, Atsushi
Ebihara4, Noriaki Murakami1

P.0026 Genomic variation
landscape of the model salt
cress Eutrema salsugineum

1 Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metro Plan University,
Tokyo, Japan. 2 The Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Japan. 3 The Kochi Prefectural Makino
Botanical Garden, Kochi, Japan. 4 Department of
Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
Ibaraki, Japan.

Xiaojuan Wang Guifang Zhao1
1 Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Collegeof Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China

All land plants alternate between the diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stages. In ferns, life
cycles are characterized by a separation of generations. In general, most of the life cycle is thought
to be dominated by the sporophyte. However, there
are exceptions, as fern independent gametophytes
capable of maintaining a long-term population
through vegetative reproduction have been observed in certain lineages, namely Hymenophyllaceae, Pteridaceae, Lomariopsidaceae, and Polypodiaceae. This phenomenon is particularly observedin the non-cordate gametophytes of epiphytic or
epilithic ferns. Surprisingly, the discovery of mysterious strap-like gametophytes on Izu-Oshima Island,
Japan, has led to the hypothesis that Hymenasplenium murakami-hatanakae, a fern species belonging to Aspleniaceae, can also form independent
gametophytes. In this study, we focused on three
key questions to test this hypothesis: 1) Can the gametophyte population be maintained by vegetative
reproduction via gemmae? 2) Can they clearly exist independently of neighboring conspecific sporophytes? 3) What are the differences between thesites where gametophyte populations and conspecific sporophytes grow? Our investigation revealed

Eutrema salsugineum has long been used as themodel for examining salt and other abiotic stressin plants. In addition to the forward genetics approaches widely used in the lab, natural variations
undoubtedly will provide a rich genetic resource
for studying molecular mechanisms underlying thestress tolerance and local adaptation of this species.
We used 90 resequencing whole genomes of natural populations of this species across its Asian andNorth American distributions to detect the selection
signals for genes involved in salt and other stresses at the species-range level and local distribution.
We detected selection signals for genes involved insalt and other abiotic tolerance at the species level. In addition, several cold-induced and defense
genes showed selection signals due to local adaptation in North America-NE Russia or northern China,
respectively. These variations and findings provide
valuable resources for further deciphering genetic
mechanisms underlying the stress tolerance and local adaptations of this model species.

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S.006. ADVANCES IN MICROCLIMATERESEARCH FOR CRYPTOGAM ECOLOGY.
P.0027 A novel allometricmodel for the assessmentof non-vascular epiphyte(bryophyte) biomass
within the Brazilian Atlantic
Rainforest

cular epiphyte biomass averages of 255.9 kg.ha-1 inthe old-growth forest, 229.3 kg.ha-1 in the selectively
logged area, and 208.4 kg.ha-1in the late-successional plot.

P.0028 Ecological impacts
on bryophyte microhabitats
in Barail Wildlife Sanctuary,
Assam, India

Gabriela B. Berro1, Carlos A. Joly1, Simone
A. Vieira1
1 University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Sudipa Das1

Non-vascular epiphytes (bryophytes) are very common and highly biodiverse in tropical forests. They
play multiple roles in ecosystem functioning, harboring nitrogen-fixing organisms and contributing toprimary productivity. Known as biological indicators
due to their sensitivity to environmental conditions,they are among the first groups affected by climatechange. However, their importance in carbon stocks
is still unclear. This study, conducted within the Serrado Mar State Park in southeastern Brazil, focuses on
quantifying the biomass of non-vascular epiphytes
in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Samples were collected in five permanent plots (1ha) of Montane Atlantic
Forest with different anthropic disturbances history(three old-growth forests, one subjected to selective
logging, and one late-successional forest). A new
index was created and implemented to classify theareas’ phorophytes (support trees) according to thecoverage of their trunk and branches by non-vascular epiphytes (ICEav). We collected samples of
non-vascular epiphytes from 10 phorophytes belonging to each ICEav class, in all their faces (N, S, E,
W) and at four heights, including trunk and branches (n=480). The carbon and nitrogen content of thesamples was measured and a new allometric model was developed to estimate the total biomass of
non-vascular epiphytes in the areas. We classified
8.149 living phorophytes in the ICEav classes, andwe didn´t find any differences between epiphytes
biomass of faces (p=0.55) or heights (p=P.8). The
carbon content of the non-vascular epiphytes was
43.93 ± 3.30%, and the nitrogen was 2.07 ± 0.63%. The
allometric model, using ICEav and phorophyte diameter as variables, resulted in estimated non-vas-

1 Department of Botany, Sundarban Hazi Desarat
College, West Bengal, India.
Microhabitat components play a vital role on thediversity and distribution of bryophytes. Barail Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS), situated in Southern Assam ofNortheastern India was explored for its bryophyte
wealth and an investigation was done on the influence of various ecological parameters on their microhabitats. A total of about 120 taxa (76 liverworts,
1 hornwort and 43 mosses) were identified from the
sanctuary from six different microhabitats viz. forest floor, rocky surface, stem bark of higher plants,
leaf of higher plants, streamside and decomposing
wood. Ecological parameters like substrate pH, lightintensity, moisture content, etc. were investigated.
Canopy height, host leaf and stem architechture,etc. were also examined for the epiphytic (both corticolous and foliicolous) communities. It was foundthat bryophyte communities were most abundanton rocky surface and stem bark of higher plants
followed by forest floor and leaf of higher plants.
Genera like Marchantia, Dumortiera, Conocephalum, etc. were found to form the main componentsof rocky surface communities. Liverwort families like
Lejeuneaceae, Plagiochilaceae and moss families
like Fissidentaceae, Hypnaceae, Pottiaceae, etc.
were found growing dominantly as epiphytes. Cololejeune a was reported as the most prolific liverwort genus growing as epiphyllous member. Bryophyte composition along streamside differed fromrest of the microhabitats probably due to the submergence of the substrates during rainy seasons. It
was observed that low pH of host bark is negatively
associated with bryophyte richness. Hosts with corky

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rough barks retaining moisture and nutrients for the
bryophytes were found to harbour large percentage
of epiphytic bryophytes. Canopy height of hosts was
also found to play significant role on growth of epiphytic bryophytes as higher light intensity and temperature near the canopy restrict the drought-intolerant and shade loving epiphytes to grow there.
These findings can serve as a benchmark for futurestudies onbryophytes.

the coastline (lower at H1) and the cover of the herbaceous layer (higher at H2) were variables thatshowed the strongest correlation with the sample
sites. Floristic composition differed among sites (D= 0.48), but similarity analysis at the subplot scalepointed to higher floristic affinity between substrates(p = P.01, r2 = 0.39). Our results highlight that environmental heterogeneity at both the regional andlocal scales influence bryophyte composition anddistribution on Hill Forests. The advancement of thisknowledge is essential to elucidate the effects of environmental changes on ecosystem processes.

P.0029 Understanding
bryophyte communities
in the South Brazilian
Atlantic Forest: a spatialand ecological distribution
approachP.0030 Redox capacity in
Brittonodoxa subpinnata(Sematophyllaceae):
insights from Brazilian
rainforest and savannah
environments

Talita S. Dewes1, Wanessa V. S. M. Batista2,
Juçara Bordin3, Jorge L. Waechter1
1 Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Brazil. 2 University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil. 3 State University of Rio Grande do Sul,
Osório, Brazil.

Adriana dos Santos Lopes1, Cláudia M.
Furlan1
1 Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest shows several vegetation types influenced by distinct climatic and soil
conditions. One of these vegetation formations
is the Hill Forests, occurring on shallow soils of hillslopes and tops. The spatial structure and floristic
composition of woody vegetation is already known,
unlike bryophytes. The aim of this study was to provide a first approach towards understanding bryophyte composition, richness, and distribution on Hill
Forests. Three random plots (10m2) were sampled
on each of three distinct hills (H1, H2, H3) located innorthern coastal Rio Grande do Sul. All bryophytes
were collected from subplots (20×20cm) on eightsubstrates: soil, rock, decomposing log, tree base,tree trunk, tree root, leaf, and branch. Spatial variables were derived from satellite image, whereas
climatic and forest structure variables were recorded in situ. Multivariate analyses of clustering, ordinations, and statistical tests were performed withthe software R 4.3.2. A total of 101 bryophyte species
were recorded, belonging to the Marchantiophyta(60) and Bryophyta (41), distributed within 26 families, and 54 genera. The richest family was by far Lejeuneaceae (35). The highest species richness wasfound at H1 (70), followed by H3 (60), and H2 (44). The
cumulative variance in the first two ordination-axes
was quite explanatory (82.74%). The distance from

This study highlights the seasonal changes in the redox system of the tropical moss naturally occurring in
two different forest ecosystems. The Tropical Atlantic
Rainforest and the Brazilian Savannah are characterized by different seasonal fluctuations, imposing
different environmental challenges for this avascularpoikilohydric species. The research aims to learn how
B. subpinnata’s redox system responds to seasonalchanges through the investigation of key antioxidant
enzyme activities (CAT and APX), contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (AsA), and contents of the oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 and MDA). The statisticalanalysis was conducted using the R project (version
4.P.) with a Linear Mixed Model (LMM) and a non-parametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test) when data normality was not observed. The LMM revealed significant seasonal effects on CAT (p<P.01) and APX (p<P.5)
activities, and on contents of reduced ascorbic acid(p<P.00001). Higher enzyme activities were observed
during the dry period, especially in the Trpical Atlantic
Rainforest, over 300% more activity compared to theSavannah. Higher concentrations of reduced ascorbic
acid were also observed during the dry season, exhibiting a 108% increase in the Savannah and a 76% increase in the Tropical Atlantic Rainforest. A reduction in
the reduced form of AsA levels is observed in the Trop-32

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ical Atlantic Rainforest, highlighting the significance of
APX in modulating H2O2 levels, once this enzyme relieson AsA to regulate H2O2 levels. Despite seasonal shifts,
the moss maintained comparable levels of H2O2 and
MDA, indicating the effectiveness of the antioxidant
system across both seasons and domains. During thedry season, B. subpinnata’s antioxidant system exhibited heightened enzyme activities, particularly in the
Tropical Atlantic Rainforest, when meteorological variations between rainy and dry seasons are more pronounced.

Fungi have the remarkable ability to secrete/produce proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, and amino acids which can be incorporated as stabilizing,
reductant, and capping mediators in the productionof biogenic metallic nanomaterials. The prime objective of the research work was the mycosynhesisof biogenic metallic nanomaterials. The prime objective of the current study was Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer extract-based production ofsilver-mycogenic nanoparticles (AgmyNPs) by solution combustion method. The AgmyNPs were characterized by various analytical techniques. They
produce peculiar spectral peaks of UV–Vis spectroscopy at 380 nm, X-ray diffraction (XRD) at 2θ valuesof 38.1°, 44.1°, 67.4° and 77.7°. The XRD study also corroborates the presence of alkali metal that is Ag andface-centered cubic (FCC) structure of AgmyNPs,
and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
form 800 to 3726cm-1 which confirmed the formationof the AgmyNPs. AgmyNPs were further investigated
for their antibacterial potential against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, B. meuralis) andgram-negative bacteria (Azotobacter pasteurensis,
A. rhizospherensis). The antibacterial testing was executed at four different concentrations of the dilutions of the prepared by AgmyNPs employing welldiffusion method. As compared to Penicillin, a standard antibiotic, AgmyNPs showed maximum zones
of inhibitions of 8 mm, 2.25 mm against A. parteurensis, A. rhizospherensis while no inhibitory zone
was observed against B. licheniformis. The excellent
zone of inhibition was noticed against B. meurilis.

P.0031 To study thediversity of mosses in Tirap,
Arunachal Pradesh, India
Chimyang N1,2, Evelin H1and Uniyal P.L2
1 Mycorrhizal Technology and Bryophytes Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh,
India. 2 Department of Botany, University of Delhi,
Delhi, India.
An explorative study of mosses was conducted from2021-23 in Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh, a part of
the Eastern Himalayas. Tirap is located in the easternpart of the state spanning an area of 2,362 square kmwith elevation ranging from 200–4,000 m above thesea level. The study documented 155 moss species, belonging to 82 genera and 28 families. The widely distributed taxa belonged to the families - Brachytheciaceae(16), Hypnaceae (13), Mniaceae (12), Meteoriaceae (11),Lecobryaceae (10), Polytrichaceae (9), Fissidens (9), etc.
The majority of the taxa were documented from higher
elevation (1,500-2,000 m). The terricolous mosses werethe most dominant and is followed by epiphytic, epixylic and epilithic mosses. The study is a first report fromthis part of the state revealing a rich diversity of mosses.
Besides increasing our knowledge on the mosses of thisregion, the study opens a plethora of opportunities tostudy their importance in the ecosystem.

P.0033 Quantitative
analyses of morphologicalvariation in a calcified red
alga Corallina berteroi
Miho S. Kitazawa1, Safiye E. Sarper2,
Kazuya Horibe3

P.0032 Macrolepiota
procera as a source for Agmycogenic nanoparticles
synthesis and theircharacterization

1 Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan. 2 RIKEN BDR,
Kobe, Japan. 3 RIKEN CBS, Wako, Japan.
Corallinales is an order of red algae (Rhodophyta),characterized by a calcified hard body. Coralline algae have recently attracted the attention of many
researchers because of their importance in marine
ecosystems and vulnerability to climate change. Recent studies on species identification by DNA barcode
methods have revealed that marine macroalgae including coralline algae, show wide intraspecific variations in their morphology in response to the envi-

Muhammad Hanif1,*, Fatima Arif1
1 Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore Pakistan. *dr.mhanif@gcu.edu.pk

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ronmental changes. However, despite its ecologicalimportance, the degree of this morphological plasticity is not fully documented. Therefore, we quantified themorphological diversity of segmented coralline algae
sampled in March and November 2022 from western and northern Japan. Most of our specimens wereidentified as a universally distributed species, Corallina
berteroi, by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence. Segmented coralline algae havebranched thallus, composed of repetitions of calcified
hard regions (intergenicula) and flexible non-calcified
nodes (genicula). Quantitative analyses of intergeniculum shape using the Elliptical Fourier Transformation
method followed by Principal Component Analysis
showed that one axis (PC1), corresponding to a shapechange between wide fan shape and narrow rectangular shape, explained approximately 60 % of the
shape variation in autumn specimens. PC1 showed acorrelation with branching numbers at the distal nodeof the intergeniculum, suggesting that PC1 can describe the complexity of branching patterns. Samplingfrom several sites with different environmental conditions suggested several candidates for environmental
factors that cause shape differences along the PC1
axis, such as temperature, pH, and agitation by waves.
For instance, specimens with wider intergeniculum
shapes tended to inhabit tide pools characterised bylower temperature and pH. Spring specimens showedlarger variations and tended to show wider shapes,
suggesting temperature as a primary candidate,though further examination, especially laboratory cultivation, is required to conclude.

lyzed phylogenetic position using ITS and ITS+Tub2
gene set. Out of 17 lichen thalli collected from 5
ecoregions, recovered 42 morphospecies, belongs
to the class Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes.
About 19 and 13 ELFs genera have been reported from Parmotrema and Heterodermia thallus.
Among the ecoregions EC2 showing highest species diversity (Parmotrema (1-D) = 0.9382, (H)=2.865,
Fisher-α =8.429, Heterodermia (1-D) = 0.8038, H =1.894, F-α =4.57) followed the EC3 and EC1. Xylariales
are predominant colonizer reported from at least in
one thallus from four ecoregions. Species delimitation and phylogenetic position reveals the closest
resemblance of Xylariaceous ELFs with plant endophytes. In addition, the non-sporulating isolate
ELFX04, ELFX05, ELFX08 and ELFX13 form monophyleticclade with Xylaria psidii, X. feezeensis, X. berteri andHypoxylon fragiforme respectively. The observation
highlights that the deciduous forest harness highnumber of endolichenic fungi and dominant portion of these fungi are non-sporulating, still exist as
cryptic. Beside the phylogenetic analysis, two endolichenic isolated namely ELFX03 and ELFX06 will nothave BLAST similarity and not form clades with anyof the described species. Highlighting the importance of successful amplification of most phylogenetic markers like RPB2, building of comprehensive
taxonomic databases and application of multi-omics data are further needed to understand the complex nature of endolichenic fungi.

P.0035 Seasonal shifts
in moss secondary
metabolome andphenology in response toaltitudeP.0034 Diversity andphylogeny of endolichenic
fungi associated with
Parmotrema andHeterodermia lichens of
Shivamogga, India
1 Dept. of Applied Botany, Kuvempu University,
Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India.

Brenda Riquelme1,2, Roy Mackenzie1,2,
Leonardo Pérez de Souza3, Matías
Troncoso1, Javier Martínez-Abaigar4,
Encarnación Núñez-Olivera4, Jonathan
Maldonado5, Bernard Goffinet6, Liu Yang7

Lichen is a symbiotic association of algae and fungi,
recognized as self-sustaining ecosystem constituteindeterminant number of bacteria, actinomycetes,
fungi, and protozoa. We evaluated the endolichenic
fungal assemblage in view of the dearth of knowledge on endolichenic fungi (ELFs), particularly frompart of central western Ghats, Karnataka, and ana-

1 Universidad de Magallanes, Cape Horn International Center, Puerto Williams, Chile. 2 Millennium
Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic
Ecosystems, Santiago, Chile. 3 Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany. 4 Universidad de La Rioja, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología,
Logroño, Spain. 5 Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Chem-

Y. L. Krishnamurthy1, D. Pusphavathi1

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istry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile,
Santiago, Chile, 6 Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden,
Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. 7 Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.

drid, Spain. 3 Doctoral School (EDUAM), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 4 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 5 Universidad de Valencia, Spain.

The acclimation responses of bryophytes to environmental variability involve genetic regulation and thesynthesis of various secondary metabolites that playroles in DNA repair, antioxidative defense, structural
biopolymer for dehydration tolerance, and many other processes. We compared the secondary metabolomes and the reproductive phenology of Polytrichum
strictum, a significant pioneer moss species in polartundra environments. The sampling was done during
austral spring, summer and autumn in two distinct
tundra ecosystems on Navarino Island, Chile: in a highmountain site at 620 m.a.s.l. and a Sphagnum peatland site at 60 m.a.s.l. Using an LC-HRMS platform andan untargeted approach, we analyzed the polar/medium polarity metabolome of P. strictum. Results were
processed using the GNPS platform, and molecular
networking facilitated the annotation of metabolites.
Besides, we also monitored the development of the
sporophytes every month for two years. Our results
show that biflavonoids, flavonoids, and coumarins are
the most diverse groups of secondary metabolites in
P. strictum, suggesting their potential involvement invarious stress response mechanisms. Differences in
the moss metabolome were observed between thecompared sites during the same season. On the other
hand, we found a remarkable shift in the reproductive
phenology of P. strictum in both populations studied.
We hypothesize that phenological stages and somekey metabolites are mainly influenced by a mixed effect of altitude and seasonality. This study highlights
the plasticity of subantarctic bryophytes, shedding
light on how these organisms respond to environmental changes in polar tundra ecosystems.

Groutiella Steere is a small genus of about ten species
in the subfamily Macromitrioideae. Although it has undergone a recent global revision, its diversity in the Caribbean has not previously been addressed. The different islands of this region, including Cuba, Jamaica,
Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola, offer a wide range of habitats derived from climatic variations along elevational
gradients and environmental alterations caused bynatural disasters and human land use. This ecologicalheterogeneity seems optimal for the establishment ofdifferent species of Groutiella, which are relatively phytophilous and xerophilous mosses that primarily growas epiphytes, but can also be found on rocks, in humid
tropical environments. To understand the complexity of the group and its distribution across the major
Caribbean islands, our review has been based on theexamination of herbarium material (JBSD, NYBG, and
MAUAM), complemented by own collections gathered
through elevational transects in several mountain areas of the Dominican Republic. Our results indicatethat up to ten species of Groutiella can be recognizedin the Greater Antilles. One of these is a new record forthe region, and two are proposed as new species forscience. Only four species are widespread, with one
found on all four islands, and three on three of them.
Two species are shared by two islands, while the remaining four are exclusively found on one island. Hispaniola harbors the highest diversity, with seven species (six from Dominican Republic and five from Haiti),followed by Cuba with six species. Overall, Groutiellahas been recorded across nearly the entire elevation
range of the region, from 100 to 2200 m asl, inhabiting
various vegetation types, including low-altitude coffee
cultivation areas, tropical rain forests, and mountainpine forests.

P.0036 A revision of
the genus Groutiella(Orthotrichaceae,
Bryophyta) in the Greater
Antilles.

P.0037 Diversity of mosses
in Papum Pare District,
Arunachal Pradesh, India
Pherkop Mossang1,2, NonyaChimyang1,2,
Vinay Shankar3, P.L. Uniyal2, Heikham
Evelin*1

Amelia L. Mateo Jiménez1 , Francisco
Lara2,4, Ricardo Garilleti5, Isabel Draper2,4,2,31 Mycorrhizal Technology and Bryophytes Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University,
Arunachal Pradesh, India. 2 Department of Botany,

1 Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo
Domingo, Dominican Republic. 2 Departamento de
Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ma-

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University of Delhi, Delhi, India. 3 Department of Botany, Gaya College, Gaya, India. *heikham.evelin@
rgu.ac.inthe environment moisture conditions. Since their hydration status fluctuates strongly, their physiologicalactivity varies accordingly, ceasing when they dryout and resuming as they are rewetted, resulting
in carbon balances that are strongly coupled withthe microclimate. In some habitats these microclimate-restricted carbon balances might be thereason for low bryophyte and lichen abundanceand biomass, like for example in the understory oftropical lowland forests. To test this and to gain insights in future tropical-bryophyte carbon balances,
we conducted a climate-change simulation experiment in the rainforest of La Selva, Costa Rica. During
the 18 months of experiment, we followed and measured survival, growth, drying rates and responses of
CO2 exchange to environmental conditions for several bryophyte species exposed to warming and/or
CO2 fertilisation. Parallel to the experiment, we useda model we developed to estimate carbon balances based on microclimatic input data (collected insitu, during the experiment), with water absorption
and loss, net photosynthesis and dark respiration asrate variables, and carbon gain through time as themain output. Here we present part of the results fromthe experiment and a comparison between carbon
balances modelled based on our understory microclimatic data and climate data from the field station
to stress out the importance of temporally and spatially fine-resolution microclimate data for ecophysiological, ecological and biogeographical studies ofthese tiny poikolohydric organisms.

Arunachal Pradesh is one of the Northeastern states ofIndia and falls under the Indo-Burmanand the Eastern
Himalayan Biodiversity hotspots. The state is known for
housing diverse, rare and endemic flora, however the
information on moss diversity is very scarce. Therefore,
we investigated the diversity of mosses in Papum Pare
District of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The study revealed
a total of 130 species belonging to 51 genera and37families of mosses. The family Hypnaceae has thehighest members of species with 14, followed by Neckeraceae (10 species) and then followed by Bartramiaceae, Bryaceae, Pottiaceae and Polytricaceae, eachfamily with eight species in it. The members of families like Meteoriaceae, Neckeraceae, Stereophyllaceae
and Thuidiaceae were observed growing epiphytically. While the members of Bartramiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Bruchiaceae, Fissidentaceae and Hypnaceae
were mostly found flourishing on terrestrial habitat.
Other families such as, Bryaceae, Ditrichaceae, Pottiaceae preferred growing on rocks and cemented
walls. In addition, members of Bryaceae, Hypnaceae
and Neckeraceae were observed to be most frequent
occurring of all the families. This study provides the firstever report on the Bryophytes of Papum Pare Districtof Arunachal Pradesh. Evidently, different seasons andhumid climatic condition favours the growth of many
unique and remarkable moss species, possibly including those species facing threats and are at the brink ofextinction. Consequently, more research is necessary
to increase our comprehension and awareness of thediversity of mosses in the study area.

P.0039 An approach to thebryological flora of Cuba,with emphasis on hornworts(Anthocerotophyta)

P.0038 Climate change
impacts on tropical lowland
understory bryophytes

Yoira Rivera-Queralta1

Nada Nikolić1, Gerhard Zotz2, Maaike Y.
Bader1

1 Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad(Bioeco), Cuba.
The Caribbean comprises a set of islands of different ranges, sizes, altitudes, soil types, and environmental niches; it is extremely complex including its
geology and biogeography. In the region, the islandof Cuba has one of the richest insular floras in theworld and is considered one of the hotspots for biodiversity. Despite the advances in Cuban bryology,
it is still considered insufficiently explored mainly referring to its taxonomy, ecology, and population status. The present study, based on a literature review
and consultation with specialists, updates the status

1 Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. 2 Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Bryophytes and lichens are increasingly recognized
for their important functional roles in many ecosystems. Although taxonomically unrelated, these cryptogams have a common ecophysiologically relevant
feature, they are both poikolohydric. As poikilohydricorganisms, they equilibrate their water content with36

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Poster presentationsof the diversity of Cuban hornworts. Ecological nichemodels are developed based on environmental andbiotic variables to determine the potential distribution of the group. In the National System of Protected Areas, the representation of the group is also
analyzed, and conservation actions are proposed.
Fifteen infrageneric taxa are recognized, three of
which are considered doubtful records. The greatest
diversity of hornworts is recorded in the humid forests of the eastern region of the island.

number of species and nearly identical counts ofalien species, they exhibit distinct proportions in taxonomic groups. Variations in proportions become
evident across the diverse islands situated in thecentral Mediterranean. This checklist allows to makea first approximation on the marine phycologicalcomposition of the Balearic Islands and highlights
the necessity to implement bases that facilitate future phycological studies in the Balearic Islands. It
also serves as a knowledge repository for future research in marine ecology and habitat conservation.

P.0040 Approach tothe checklist of marine
macroalgae of the Balearic
Islands

P.0041 Ecologicaldynamics of Subarctic
lichen communities undersnow cover: insights andimplications

Lluís Salom-Vicens1, Pere M. Mir-Rosselló1,
Marcello Dante Cerrato1, Llorenç Gil1,
Carles Cardona1,2, Samuel Pinya1

Lilith Weber1, Pekka Niittynen2, Julia
Kemppinen3, Leena Myllys1, Miska Luoto4,
Nick Pepin5, Annina Kantelinen1

1 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain. 2
Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Escorca, Spain.
Marine macroalgae play a crucial role in coastal
ecosystems, contributing to biodiversity and serving as environmental health indicators. Therefore,
updated and unified checklists are required as abaseline for further studies. This study compiles apreliminary checklist of the macroalgae recordedin the western Mediterranean archipelago of the
Balearic Islands. A checklist was compiled consulting published manuscripts, online datasets (GBIF),
citizen science projects (Biodibal), and fieldwork on
the 4 main islands. Our data reveal a total of 314
different species of macroalgae inhabit the Balearic Sea. The largest number of species was found in
Cabrera (258), a National Park that has been objectof high sampling effort, while the average numberof species for the other islands is 63,75. This highlights the lack of work on marine macroalgae in thefour main islands. The most represented taxonomic
group in the archipelago are Rhodophyta (198 species), Ochrophyta (67 species) and Chlorophyta (49species). Up to 10 species (3%) are considered as invasive. Cabrera has a similar algae proportion to theentire archipelago, with Rhodophyta at 63%, Chlorophyta at 16%, and Ochrophyta at 21%. For the remaining islands, excluding Mallorca, Ochrophyta are
the most abundant, followed by Rhodophyta andChlorophyta. Comparing the Balearic Islands with
Cyprus, located on the opposite side of the Mediterranean, reveals that despite sharing the same total

1 Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of
Helsinki, Finland. 2 Department of Biological andEnvironmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. 3 Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu,
Finland. 4 Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Finland. 5 Departmentof Geography, University of Portsmouth, UK.
Arctic ecosystems are changing rapidly, with widespread reports of increasing air temperature anddecreasing snow cover area and duration. Previous
studies investigating the composition and spatial
patterns of cryptogam communities in the Arctic
and Subarctic have mainly considered large warming thermal gradients and were limited in their representation of small-scale and near-ground spatial
variability of snow and vegetation. The general importance of snow conditions for lichens has been
widely acknowledged, but snow information andmicroclimatic data are rarely available or utilized. In
our study, we inventoried the complete lichen community present at 74 sites in two areas of Finnish
Lapland. We are utilizing microclimatic data from a
network of loggers, which directly provide information on temperature and humidity from the sampling plots. This was supplemented by manual snow
depth measurements on-site, as well as fine-scalesatellite imagery. Focusing on the epiphytic lichen
community in the typical mountain birch (Betula
pubescens ssp. chzerepanovii) forests we found apreviously unknown diversity of species as well as a37

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P.0043 Specific wholechromosome identification
through oligonucleotidebased chromosome
painting in Brassica species

significant impact of snow on the species composition and distribution of taxa along the birch stems.
This is not only noticeable for such well-known examples as Parmeliopsis ambigua and Melanohalea olivacea but also for several crustose species.
Identifying specialists that are adapted to specificsnow conditions is crucial for assessing the effect ofclimate change on subarctic lichen communities.

Mariana Baez1, Ludwig Mann2, Tony
Heitkam2, Annaliese Mason1

P.0042 Which better
explains the distributionof the lichen species,
the mesoclimate or the
microclimate? Menegazzia
in Chile, study case

1 Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn,
Bonn, Germany. 2 Institute of Botany, Technische
Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Brassica is a good model for studying polyploidization and for utilisation of interspecific hybridization for crop improvement, as the Brassica genus
includes diploid species (2n = 2x = 16, 18, 20) andtheir allotetraploid hybrids (2n = 4x = 34, 36, 38). Interspecific hybrids between all these species show
varying frequencies of non-homologous recombination between genomes which can be importantfor introgression breeding and production of newvarieties. Hence, identification of individual homologous and homoeologous chromosome pairs fromdifferent subgenomes in these species is importantfor studies of plant breeding and evolution. Here, theaim is to develop and demonstrate the advantageof oligo-based painting probes in identifying subgenome-specific chromosome pairs. This method willallow high-precision analysis of chromosome rearrangements and introgression events between the
Brassica subgenomes in established and synthetic
allopolyploids and interspecific hybrids. Diploid A, B,
and C genomes from B. rapa, B. nigra, B. oleracea
and allopolyploid subgenomes AB, AC, and BC from
B. juncea, B. napus, and B. carinata were used forthe probe design. Oligos specific to chromosomes
B. napus A01 (An01) and B. rapa A01 (Ar01) and to B.
napus C1 (BnC1) and B. oleracea C1 (Bo01) were selected. Oligo painting probes for chromosome A01(B. rapa) and chromosome C1 (B. oleracea) were
designed, with a total of 20,000 and 27,000 oligo sequences, respectively, with high specificity along thechromosome length. Probes showed high in silico
specificity to these chromosomes within allopolyploids containing A/C subgenomes. Fluorescence insitu hybridization analysis using the A01 oligo probe
on B. rapa and B. napus mitotic chromosomes identified one single chromosome pair. Current fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using theseoligo-based probes is underway in other Brassica
species to confirm this specificity.

David Alors1, Johana Villagra1, Quiñones
Natalia2, Cecilia Rubio2, Jarle W. Bjerke3
1 Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile. 2 Farmacy Faculty, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso,
Chile. 3 The Arctic–Alpine Botanic Garden Tromsø,
Tromsø, Norway.
The Menegazzia genus comprises up to 18 species in Chile inhabiting the cold temperate climate
from the relic forest of Fray Jorge to the Antarctic
and Magallanes Region. Out of the 18 species 16
were recorded in the Conguillío National Park (Rubio
et al. 2013) The other two species, M. megalospora
and M. magellanica are endemic of the southernmost regions of Chile. We installed 20 temperatureand humidity sensors (ibuttons) in the forests of
the Conguillío National Park on the trunk of different
trees. In addition to recently collected samples weused information form the herbarium (UV). By comparing the occurrence of the Menegazzia species
in the Conguillío National Park associated to microclimatic sensor and the occurrence of Menegazzia
species at regional scale (centre-south and South
Chile) we want to characterize the niche preferenceof Menegazzia species and identify which one is abetter predictor of occurrence microclimate or mesoclimate. Finally, we discuss the vulnerability of thespecies in the context of global warming. Acknowledgments: This study is part of the project Fondecyt
de Inciación en Investigación 11230474. References:
Rubio, C., Saavedra, M., Cuéllar, M., Díaz, R., & Quilhot,
W. (2013). Epiphytic lichens of Conguillío National
Park, southern Chile.Gayana Botanica,70(1), 66-81

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S.007. ADVANCES IN PHYLOGENOMICS AND
SYSTEMATICS OF THE BRASSICACEAE
P.0044 Taxonomic notes of
the Aethionema armenum(Brassicaceae) complex inTurkeyP.0045 Resolving theBrassicaceae Tree ofLife backbone using themitogenome

Kuddisi Ertuğrul1, Tuna Uysal1, Meryem
Bozkurt1, Hakkı Demirelma1, Emrah Şirin1,
Burcu Y. Çitak1

Lisa J.M.A. Dominicus1, Kasper P. Hendriks1,2,
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz3, Dmitry A. German4,
Klaus Mummenhoff2, Frederic Lens1

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk
University, Konya, Turkey.

1 Functional Traits, Naturalis Biodiversity Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands. 2 Department of Biology,
Botany, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany. 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA.
4 South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.

The genus Aethionema W.T.Aiton is represented by
60-70 species in the world, and most of them are distributed in the Iran-Turan phytogeographic region.
The genus is represented by 57 taxa in Türkiye. Türkiye is not only the main gene center for the genus,
but also the main center of diversification along with
Iran. Aethionema is one of the taxonomically problematic genera within the Brassicaceae family. Oneof the species that shows the most variation within
the genus is Aethionema armenum Boiss.. Even, fourof the 12 new species recently published are closely related to this species. For this purpose, the morphological variation and phenetic relationships ofthe populations of A. armenum complex collectedfrom different localities in Türkiye were investigated. Additionally, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of the
populations of species were analyzed. Morphometric data were analyzed with the PRIMER program.
Parsimony and Bayesian analyzes were performed
using PAUP and MrBayes programs, respectively. As
a result, many taxa related to A. armenum need tobe synonymized (A. ertughrulii Yıld., A. alidaghenicum Yıld. and A. dumelicum Yıld.), and many taxa
previously considered synonymous (A. pseudoarmenum Stapf & Sprague and A. recurvum Hausskn. & Bornm.) within the A. armenum complex need
to be resurrected. Acknowledgements: We are also
grateful to the foundation TUBITAK (Project Number:
118Z995) and S.U.BAP (Project Number: 20401025) for
financial support.

The mustard family (Brassicaceae; ~4,000 species)
is a medium-sized family with great economicaland scientific importance, including many crops
and the ultimate plant model species Arabidopsis
thaliana and Brassica napus. However, despite its
importance, species relationships within the family remain partly unresolved, especially the deeper
relationships (‘backbone’). Recent studies based on
nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences showedcytonuclear discordance and difficulties in resolving backbone relationships and consistently placing
rogue taxa in the phylogeny. However, little researchhas been done on the use of the mitogenome inresolving species relationships. This is possibly explained by the fact that mitochondrial DNA evolves
slowly and is maternal inherited, which in fact could
contribute to resolving the backbone and confidently positioning the rogue taxa within the family.
Here we present the most complete and robust mitogenomic phylogeny of the Brassicaceae, including ~400 species, all 349 genera, and all 58 tribes,
based on sequence data of introns and exons of
40 mitochondrial genes. While work in progress, we
expect our results will increase our confidence inbackbone relationships within the family, providing
further insight into the origins of the subfamilies andsupertribes, which will aid scientists comparing species from different clades within the family.

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P.0046 Progress inreconstructing theevolutionary history ofarctic and alpine Draba(Brassicaceae)

P.0047 Adaptive potential
and long-term evolutionary
success of a clonally
reproducing plant species

Ingrid E. Jordon-Thaden1,2

1 Center for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg,
Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics,
Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Marcus A. Koch1, Nora Walden1

1 University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, USA.
2 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of
Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Sexual reproduction is known to drive plant diversification and adaptation. However, it is intriguing tostudy vegetatively reproducing systems adapting tobroader environmental conditions. Here we investigate the evolutionary and spatiotemporal history of adodecaploid Eurasian deciduous woodland species,
Cardamine bulbifera, which reproduces and spreads
via vegetative structures only. The species has beenamong the most successful range-expanding understorey woodland plants in Europe, raising the questionof the genetic architecture of its gene pool, since its
hexaploid but putatively outcrossing closest relative,
C. quinquefolia, displays a smaller distribution range
in Eastern Europe towards the Caucasus region. Cardamine bulbifera is of early Pleistocene origin, with ahistory of past gene flow with its hexaploid sister species C. quinquefolia, likely during the last glacial maximum in shared refuge areas in Eastern Europe, Western
Turkey and the Crimean Peninsula region. Caucasianendemic diploid C. abchasica is considered an ancestral species providing additional evidence for theorigin of the species complex in the Caucasus region.
Cardamine bulbifera successfully expanded its distribution range postglacially towards Central and Western Europe accompanied by a transition to exclusively
vegetative propagation being the major innovation to
rapidly expand the distribution range following postglacially progressing woodland vegetation throughout Europe. In northeastern Austria we discovered a
refuge population system along the very biodiversity-rich Thaya valley harboring genotypes from the ancestral but also the recently colonized areas. Plastome
data and nuclear genomic ddRAD analyses of the
population system indicate prevalence of five clonotype groups in particular ecological woodland niches
referring to six genetic clusters in total as revealed byadmixture and SplitsTree analyses including the ancestral species. All eastern plastome types co-segregate with the respective proportion of the nuclear
genome indicating limited geneflow and long-term
persistence of clonal variants contributing to population-level fitness and adaptive potential.

Draba is a species rich and morphologically andecologically diverse lineage, and genomic changes
within their ~6-9 million year history have been rapid, resulting in extraordinary trait variation and is thelargest in the Brassicaceae. Draba have a range ofreproductive modes, sexual systems, hybridization
types, polyploid levels, ecological niches, and distribution types throughout the arctic and alpine habitats they inhabit. The phylogenetics and phylogeography of Draba have been studied extensively andhave advanced our understanding of evolutionary
relationships and historical processes. Nevertheless,additional work is needed to gain a more inclusive
view of Draba and resolve relationships among its
400+ species. A lack of a well resolved phylogenetic
tree for Draba limits use of many comparative approaches that require “comprehensive” sampling,
hampering our ability to test hypotheses and elucidate evolutionary patterns and events. This presentation summarizes existing work, particularly with
North American Draba, that has been completed
over the last decade and highlights creative ways
to tackle many remaining questions concerning
this large genus. I will explain how I am using genome sequences and population-level genomics
approaches focusing on widespread and endemic
taxa to obtain a clearer picture of evolutionary history, apomixis, and hybridization dynamics within thiscomplex genus. The history of Draba features exciting stories involving long-distance dispersal, glacial
refugia, and cryptic speciation, all of which occurred
during the most recent ice ages, making this an excellent system in which to understand plant evolutionary dynamics in response to climate change.

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P.0048 Evolutionary new
centromeres in Arabideae
genomesP.0049 Dispersion,
speciation anddiversification patterns of
the Erysimum genus acrossthe Macaronesia

Petra Hloušková1, Stanislav Kostiuk1,2, Milan
Pouch1,2, Terezie Mandáková1,3, Martin A.
Lysak1,2

Melissa Viveiros Moniz1, Modesto Berbel1,
Ana García-Muñoz1, José María Fernandez
Palacios2, Miguel Menezes de Sequeira3,
Silvia Castro4, João Loureiro4, Mohamed
Abdelaziz1, A. Jesús Muñoz Pajares1

1 Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic. 2 National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science,
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 3 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science,
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

1 Departamento de Genética, Universidad deGranada, Granada, Spain. 2 Island Ecology and
Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain. 3 Madeira Botanical Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University ofMadeira, Funchal, Portugal. 4 Centre for Functional
Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of
Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

In the Arabideae (Brassicaceae), centromere repositioning has been proposed as a key mechanism
differentiating otherwise collinear chromosomes between species. In ten species, more than 30 evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) were identified by cytogenomic analyzes. Here, we performed whole-genome
sequencing and de novo assembly in six Arabideae
species. By combining PacBio HiFi and ONT nanopore
sequencing, we obtained a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly for the early-diverging Pseudoturritis
turrita and two species of more recent origin (Draba
nemorosa and D. podolica). In P. turrita, the 0.58- to
1.25-Mb “paleocentromeres“ consist of four tandem
repeats (monomer size 149, 176, 186 and 63 bp) and LTR
retroelements (Ale, CRM, Retand). Compared to centromere positions in P. turrita, centromeres were repositioned by 4 Mb (median) in D. nemorosa and by 17
Mb in D. podolica, with both Draba species sharing thestructure of all eight chromosomes including relative
centromere positions. In D. nemorosa, centromeres(0.47 to 2.14 Mb long) consist mainly of 145-bp satellite
arrays invaded by Ale retrotransposons. In D. podolica,
seven centromeres (0.99 to 2.41 Mb long) are dominated by Ale elements, while only one centromere
contains both the 145-bp satellite and Ale retrotransposons. As centromeres in both Draba species havethe same positions, we propose that the ENCs predate
the speciation and that the species-specific centromere differentiation occurred later. Satellite-based
vs. retrotransposon-rich centromeres and short vs.
long centromere shifts in the two Draba species reflect their different genome size and repeat content(155 Mb and 30% in D. nemorosa, 493 Mb and 69.1% in
D. podolica). In Draba genomes, 50% of ancestral centromeric regions show no apparent structural signatures, whereas the other half of paleocentromere sites
were reshuffled by multiple small-scale inversions.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the
Czech Science Foundation (grant no. 23-06840S).

Dispersal and local colonizations have a significant
role in the dispersion of species from continents tooceanic islands and among these islands. A high degree of endemic biodiversity is a typical characteristic of oceanic archipelagos, such as the ones thatform the Macaronesia biogeographic unit. Combining genomic and climatic data, the evolutionary trends and speciation patterns of the Erysimum
species inhabitant to the Macaronesia were established based on phylogenetic analyses, population
structure analyses, and niche modeling. Phylogenetic analyses were performed for single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNP) from whole nuclear genomes
and whole plastidial DNA sequences using two
methods: maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI), with the RAxML and MrBayes software,
respectively. SCalable pOPulation structure inferencE (SCOPE) was used to perform a model-based
clustering analysis on both SNP and cpDNA data.
The ecological contribution of several environmental variables was assessed using the MaxEnt software and niche overlapping indices were calculated in R. Erysimum colonizations in the Macaronesia
appear to have started with a common continental
ancestor and later occurred dispersal to Madeira.
After speciation and polyploidization, Erysimum dispersed to the Canary Islands, spreading across thearchipelago, and at last to Cabo Verde. We believethat the polyploidy of Erysimum might have been acontributing factor to the overall success of its colonization. Our results also suggest that local adap-

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tation took place in the Canary Islands, where twodifferent species haveadapted to different habitats(high mountain vs. shadowed lower altitude areas)and constrained gene-flow is occurring between
individuals of the same species across different islands. Climate modeling results confirmed that the
species present in the same islands have their own
distinct ecological boundaries.

populations that could stand for a promotion ofcross-pollination in these selfing populations.

P.0051 Deciphering theevolutionary puzzle of
Erysimum (Brassicaceae):
insights from phylogenomic,
chromosome number andgenome size data

P.0050 Effects of ploidy andgenetic diversity on theheterosis patterns exhibitedby a selfing clade

Marek Šlenker1*, Richard Bačák2, BarboraŠingliarová1, Terezie Mandáková3,4,
Katarína Skokanová1, Ingrid Turisová2,
Peter Turis2, Janka Smatanová1, Adam
Kantor1, Judita Zozomová-Lihová1**

Carlos Olmedo-Castellanos1, Ana
García-Muñoz1, Camilo Ferrón2, A. Jesús
Muñoz Pajares1, Mohamed Abdelaziz1

1 Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. *marek.
slenker@savba.sk; **judita.zozomova@savba.sk 2
Department of Biology, Ecology and Environment,
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University,
Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. 3 Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia. 4 Department of Experimental Biology, Facultyof Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.

1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 2 Biodiversity& Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University,
Madrid, Spain.
Outbreeding Response is the difference between
phenotypic traits in cross-pollinated (outcrossing)
offspring versus their self-pollinated (selfing) parentals (heterozygote vs. homozygote, as genetic
diversity is lower in selfing individuals compared tooutcrossing individuals). Heterosis is the phenomenon in which offspring shows a higher fitness than
the average of both parents. Although heterosis is
widely known for its role in agriculture, it has a keyrole in evolutionary processes. In highly inbred selfing plant populations, it is likely to accumulate recessive alleles that are masked in heterozygote loci.
Thus, once they are found again in heterozygosis,
there could be a positive effect in phenotype andfitness. One example is Erysimum incanum, a selfing
species located in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco which has three ploidy levels. To study heterosis,
we measured a series of traits related to floral andplant size as well as fitness components of selfing
and outcrossing offspring from controlled crosses ingreenhouse for every ploidy level. With these data,
we calculated individual contribution to heterosis
for and we estimate its relationship with individual
fitness (as the product of seeds and fruits). Also, we
analysed how evolvability could be affected by heterosis levels in each trait, heterozygosity and ploidy
levels to see if evolutionary potential changes withthese variables. According to the results, there are
significant heterotic patterns which would be relevant to understand the evolutionary history of these

Erysimum is a genus characterized by extensive species diversity and evolutionary complexities, displaying recent and rapid diversification, notable karyological diversity, instances of cryptic species andhybridization within specific groups. This intricacy is
exemplified in two taxonomically unsettled species
complexes, E. odoratum and E. virgatum, distributed
across central and southeastern Europe and eachharboring several endemics, which prompted us toinvestigate their evolution, phylogenetic relationships, genome structure and polyploidy. The E. odoratum complex is revealed to be non-monophyletic, as it splits into unrelated Carpathian and Balkan
lineages. The widely distributed tetraploid E. odoratum s.str. (2n=32) shows substantial, geographicallystructured genetic diversity, encompassing populations with reduced chromosome number (2n=22),
indicative of ongoing post-polyploid descending
dysploidy, as well as a phylogenetically nested cladeof Carpathian diploids. Genome-wide analyses of
Carpathian diploids demonstrate geographic rather than taxonomic structure, with Western, Eastern(both 2n=14), and two Southern Carpathian (2n=14
and 2n=16) lineages identified. While morphologicaldistinctions between the tetraploid E. odoratum andthe Carpathian diploids are evident, differentiation

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three related endemics, while the Alpine lineage
exhibits east-west differentiation and includes lower-altitude relatives. Our results underscore the significance of isolation by distance as a major factor
contributing to differentiation in both species complexes. Furthermore, the observed patterns suggestthat their evolution may be influenced by genomic
processes such as large-scale chromosomal rearrangements and proliferation of repetitive DNA.

among the diploids is subtle, regardless of whether one considers traditional taxonomic treatment or
genetic structuring. Phylogenetic patterns within the
Balkan lineage support the existence of three related diploid species (2n=12), displaying exceptionally high (up to 2-3-fold) and geographically structured genome size variation. Transitioning to the E.
virgatum complex, it comprises two sister lineages
differing in genome size, despite sharing the same
hexaploid level. The Carpathian lineage includes

S.008. ADVANCES IN SEED CONSERVATIONOF WILD SPECIES
P.0052 Compatibilityof entomopathogenic
nematodes with plant
extracts and post-exposure
virulence test underlaboratory conditionon the plant extraction method and concentration in
A. amatymbica but not in E. elephantina. The ethanol
extraction method supported high percentage survival both at smaller and larger concentrations. The surviving infective juveniles (IJs) were virulent to Tenebrio
molitor in both the aqueous and ethanol extracts ofA. amatymbica and E. elephantina. However, virulence
was observed to be strain-specific and not IJ concentration-dependent. Percentage mortality (against
T. molitor) of strains with low percentage survival inaqueous extract of A. amatymbica compared effectively with those of higher percentage survival. The
compatible relationship between extracts of the twoplants and the EPN strains may lead to improved pest
control in agricultural farming systems relative to either one of them applied individually.

Adeola Abiola Oso1, Tshimangadzo
Ramakuwela2, Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa1
1 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Naturaland Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free
State, Phuthaditjhaba, Republic of South Africa. 2
Insect Pathology Unit, Agricultural Research Council- Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa.

P.0053 Connecting living
collections to germplasm
banks: the quasi-in
situ approach in alpine
conservation

The efficacy of both botanical pesticides and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is largely dose-dependent and driven by environmental conditions. Combination of the EPNs and botanicals may enhancetheir efficacy; thus, we investigated the compatibilityof the medicinal plants Alepidea amatymbica andElephantorrhiza elephantina with five locally isolated
EPN strains, three Steinernema (S. khoisanae, S. biddulphi and S. innovationi) and two Heterorhabditis (H.
bacteriophora and Heterorhabditis sp. SGI 244). The
experiments were designed to evaluate EPNs survival
in plant extracts extracted using water and ethanol at
1%, 0.75%, 0.50%, 0.25% and 0.125% concentrations andnematode viability post-exposure. A concentration of1000 IJs/mL in distilled water was used. Incubating extracts of A. amatymbica and E. elephantina with EPNs
influenced the survival and virulence of the EPN species examined. The percentage survival of the EPNs
post-exposure to the plant extracts was dependent

Marco Canella1-2, Núria Beltran-Sanz2,
Nicoletta La Rocca1, Francesco Dal
Grande1-2
1 University of Padova, Padova, Italy. 2 Botanic Garden of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Seed collection of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) isa key step to maintain affordable ex-situ cryopreserved germplasm ready for in-situ conservation
actions. However, cryopreservation of alpine wild
plants is hindered by aspects related to seed and43

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1 Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture
and Food Science, University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Philippines. 2 Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural
Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
Philippines. 3 Agriculture Systems Institute, Collegeof Agriculture and Food Science, University of thePhilippines Los Baños, Philippines. 4 Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines.
5 International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños,
Philippines.

germination biology such as their low longevity. Alpine plant propagation is in addition high resource
demanding and challenging, mainly because ofknowledge gaps in germination protocols. To moreaccurately assess these gaps, we gathered andcompared data from Alpine Botanical Gardens(ABG) distributed along the whole European Alpine
Arc. Specifically, we interviewed curators of 14 ABG
and merged the species lists into a taxonomicallyharmonised database. Following the gap-analysis
approach - developed to assess crop biodiversity
stored in germplasm banks - we checked for thepresence of seed accessions of species preservedin ABG querying the global database Genesys PGR.
In addition, we checked for the presence of highconservation interest species in the collections, suchas endemics, endangered or critically endangered,
EU policy species. In order to understand which
taxa require additional basic research on germination niche modelling, we searched the seedlings
requirements of all the records via the Seed Information Database. According to our preliminary results, ABG living collections represent a rich reservoirof locally acclimated propagation material usefulto enhance accessions of germplasm banks. ABG
are also important sources of technical knowledge
on PGR propagation and in several cases also on
plant population monitoring and in-situ reintroduction. Our study sets the basis for focused conservation-oriented partnership among gardens on
the Alpine region that has the potential to enhance
seed conservation in term of quantity, quality, andecological knowledge.

Hedychium philippinense K.Schum., an endangered
Philippine-endemic epiphytic herb, garnered an increasing research interest despite limited literature.
In Mindanao, Philippines, it was reportedly used by
the Talaandig tribe as tonic, post-partum, and birthcontrol, yet further studies in various disciplines arestill lacking. Taxonomy: The said species name wasmentioned in 26 references from its first publicationin 1904 up to 2023. Herbarium specimens were accessed online, in PNH, and in CAHUP. An unpublishedherbarium specimen revealed that the species distribution is extended to the island of Palawan. Basedon literature and taxonomists, the species identity
used for the following experiments was determined.
Morphology: Morphological observation of thespecimens and live plants highlighted delineating
characters such as narrow flowers and glabrousleaf surfaces, with an observed variation in stigma
position relative to the anther. Based on observed
herbarium specimens and online images such as
from CDFP, the species flowered from November to
May and set fruits year-round, highest in April. Chlorotype: For the first time, the chloroplast genome
was assembled de novo then uploaded in NCBI
GenBank. The Maximum Likelihood tree generated
with five other Hedychium species and outgroupdemonstrated close relationship to Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig; however, the chlorotype analysis,
especially in IR junction sites, revealed distinctive
features of H. philippinense in contrast to H. coronarium. Phytochemistry: Qualitative phytochemical
screening of rhizome ethanolic extracts showed thepresence of flavonoids and saponins, while antioxidant assays exhibited a mean DPPH scavenging
activity of 76.79%, and a mean total phenolic content of 3.44 mgGAE/gextract. The rhizome extract’s lethal concentration (LC50) against brine shrimp wasdetermined to be 1,230.27 μg/ml. These elucidated
properties provided immense baseline information which could be used for continued utilization in
health and organic agriculture research of this understudied and underutilized species.

P.0054 Morphology,
chlorotype, phytochemical
content, and antioxidant
activity of Philippine Camia(Hedychium philippinense
K.Schum.)
Daryl B. Ceribo1, Emmanuel Bonifacio S.
Timog2, Renerio P. Gentallan Jr.1, Leah E.
Endonela1, Roselle E. Madayag3, Michael
Cedric B. Bartolome1, Kristine Joyce
O. Quiñones1, Nadine B. Coronado4,
Bartimeus Buiene S. Alvaran5, Teresita H.
Borromeo1

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P.0055 Addressing thechallenges of dormancy
and low seed quality to
improve germination andpropagation for woodlandtree planting

germination requirements of tree seeds and enableimproved propagation of trees from seeds. The development and optimisation of plasma treatments
and phenotyping algorithms for diverse tree seeds
will enable the wider application of these technologies to improve seed quality and enhance tree production for reforestation.

P.0056 Native Vicia
spp. species as Nature
Based Solution in poplar
plantation: a study case in
the Po-Valley, N-Italy

Ademola Adetunji1, Sabrine Bousselmi2,
Rae Cook3, Elena Fouce Hernandez1,
Davide Gerna1, Juergen Kolb2, Thalita
Nishime2, Michael Schmidt2, Charlotte
Seal1, Antje Wolff4, Johannes Wolff4,
Louise Colville1

Anna Corli1,2, Simone Orsenigo1,2, Alma
Balestrazzi1,2, Alessio Giovannelli2,3, Pier
Mario Chiarabaglio4, Andrea Mondoni1,2

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology,
Greifswald, Germany. 3 Elsoms Seeds Ltd, Spalding,
UK 4 phenoLytics GmbH, Germany.The drive to increase woodland cover, improve biodiversity andreduce carbon emissions through tree planting in
the UK has increased demand for native seed, but
dormancy and low seed quality are barriers to upscaling tree production.

1 University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy. 3 National
Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. 4
CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood,
Casale Monferrato, Italy.
Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are promoted asa tool for solving environmental (e.g., flooding, soil
degradation) and social (e.g., food and water insecurity) issues through the implementation of natural systems for balancing benefits on nature ecosystems and society. Plants play a key role as NBS,
being involved in ecosystem services such as floods
reduction, slope stabilization, enhancement of soil
fertility and biodiversity conservation. Among the
NBS in agroecosystems, cover crops can balance
production with biodiversity since they increase thefunctional diversity with positive effects on ecosystem functions; within this context, native species are
the best candidate for restoration practices. The
poplar cultivation represents one of the most relevant wood chain in Europe for plywood veneer andother wood-based panels, with the highest shares inFrance, Turkey and Italy. In this system, cover crops
are suggested to halt soil erosion and enrich organic matter, although their implementation is insufficiently investigated compared to other crop
systems such as vineyards and olive groves. We explored the use of native Vicia species as cover crops
in poplar plantations. The species are annuals, occurring also in this agroecosystem; as legumes, they
fix nitrogen, thus decreasing reliance on inorganic
nitrogen for the plantation. Moreover, Vicia can provide a valuable source of forage for wild pollinators.
We characterized the germination requirements ofMost temperate, broadleaved tree seeds are shedin the autumn and have deep dormancy, which restricts germination until the following spring. Breaking seed dormancy for nursery propagation requires periods (sometimes several months) of warmand cold stratification, which are often only partiallyeffective. Moreover, there is variability in the quantity and quality of seeds produced by trees and alarge proportion of seeds may be empty or infested. Therefore, tree seed germination may be slow
and unpredictable, limiting the production of seedlings for tree planting. In this project we are testing
the potential of two high throughput technological innovations for improving seed quality of 6 UK
native tree species. Plasma-based treatments forbreaking dormancy and improving seed germination and seedling growth. Plasma treatments havebeen effective in dormancy alleviation and improving germination of a few model and crop species
but have not been tested on seeds of broadleaved
trees. 3D X-ray phenotyping to quantitatively assess seed quality and the effects of plasma treatments on germination and seedling development.
This technology can be leveraged to optimise seedscreening and sorting to remove damaged and defective low-quality/unviable seeds to improve thesupply of high-quality tree seeds. The project will
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six Vicia species and we tested their potential as NBS
in a mesocosm experiment cultivated with Populus
nigra. We evaluated Vicia performance (survival,
establishment, flowering, fruiting, regeneration) andits effect on soil nutrients content, weeds reduction
and pollinators attraction performing soil analysis
pre- and post-planting, evaluating Vicia coveragein selected area and determining and counting insect visitors, respectively. The results will help in theselection of a subset of species to be used for theirrole in improving ecosystem services as intercropping in poplar plantations.

the advancement of the ripening stage. A. githago
showed a broad range of optimal temperatures for
germination from with 100% of germination between
5°C and 25°C but an abrupt drop in germination between 25°C and to 30 °C (from 100% to 0%). The donor population site of seed collection did not affectgermination in the two species. This study provided
the opportunity to expand the knowledge of the reproductive biology of these two species in order todefine appropriate conservation actions, reflectedin adequate seed collection and subsequent outplanting, in order to implement the effectiveness of
the in situ and ex situ conservation.

P.0057 Germination of
threatened arable species
Agrostemma githago L.
and Centaurea cyanus L. todevelop efficient in situ andex situ conservation

P.0058 Morphologicalcharacterization of fruits
and seeds of Syagrus
vagans (Bondar)
A.D.Hawkes (Arecaceae), a
species endemic to Brazil.

Martina D’Agostino1, Silvia Assolari2,
Francesco Boscutti3,4, Giacomo Trotta3,5,
Marco Vuerich3, Thomas Abeli1

Jamille C. Silva1, Raquel A. Gomes1, Maria
A.R. Ferreira1, Marcos V.C. Freitas2, Jailton J.
Silva3, Lucia H.P. Kiill3, Bárbara F. Dantas3

1 Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy. 2 SemeNostrum,
Udine, Italy 3 University of Udine, Udine, Italy. 4 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy. 5
University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do
Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil. 3 Embrapa
Semiárido, Petrolina, Brazil.

In recent decades, global plant biodiversity has declined dramatically showing a worrying increase in
the number of endangered species, with an estimated two out of every five plants threatened withextinction. This led to the need to implement effective conservation strategies, including conservationtranslocations. These actions are closely linked to exsitu conservation, such the institution of seed banks.
Seed banks allow the conservation and the studyof seeds to better understand the biology, ecology
and genetics of endangered species, crucial knowledge for the implementation of in situ conservation actions. In this perspective, we collected seedsof two wild arable species, Agrostemma githago
L. and Centaurea cyanus L., which, due to the rapid intensification of agriculture, have undergone a
dramatic decline. Their germinability was studied inrelation to the ripening stage (collecting seeds oncea week during all the ripening period), germination
temperature (5 temperatures ranging from 5°C to30°C) and donor population site. C. cyanus exhibits
its optimum germination at a temperature of about
10°C. Germination progressively decreases with

Syagrus vagans, locally known as Ariri, has great
economic potential as an ornamental palm tree, as
its reproductive and vegetative structures provide awide variety of uses. The species has a low percentage and slow germination, which may be directly
linked to the morphological traits of the fruits andseeds. The morphological characterization of fruits
and seeds enables to assemble ecophysiologicalinformation on the species, as well as assisting its
conservation and large-scale propagation for cultivation as an ornamental plant. The objective of thisstudy was to evaluate the biometric characteristics
of S. vagans fruits and seeds, thus generating relevant information that helps to characterize the germinative and ecological aspects of the species. The
work was developed with fruits collected in an area
under controlled irrigation at Petrolina, Penambuco,
Brazil. The evaluations consisted of measuring thelength and diameter of fruits and seeds with a digitalcalliper, as well as the individual weight of the fruits,
weighed on an analytical scale. Data for each characteristic were subjected to descriptive analysis us-

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ing the statistical program R. Fruit length varied between 20.13 and 58.24 mm, with an average of 33.96± 0.27 mm. The diameter of the fruits varied between
6.88 and 46.70 mm, with an average of 22.32 ± 0.25mm and the weight was around 8.06 g. The length of
the seeds varied between 17.00 and 29.92 mm, withan average of 25.44 ± 0.17 mm and their diameter
varied between 7.32 and 18.69 mm, with an averageof 11.54 ± 0.17 mm. The evaluations showed that there
is variation in the accessed biometric dimensionsof fruits and seeds of this native wild species, which
may be related to variability within the populationand irrigation of the mother-plants.

expert-volunteers for seed collecting. After a training, these volunteers are able to monitor populations in their area and collect seeds at the optimal
moment. Besides building a seed bank, these projects and their associated networks of expert-volunteers provide an opportunity to gather knowledge
about species ecology, the state of populations, andvariation between populations, especially associated to phenology and seed characteristics of lesser-known species. In addition, by involving citizens insuch a project, more awareness for the need of genetic conservation is raised. Here we showcase theDutch seed banking initiatives on wild flora. What are
their different approaches and conservation priorities? How do they collaborate at national level andwhat are the opportunities and challenges of involving volunteers?

P.0059 Conserving genetic
diversity of wild flora in the
Netherlands through seedbanking: an example ofcollaboration at national
level

P.0060 Multi-objective
approach for plant
conservation throughex-situ activities at the
Botanical Garden of the
University of Valencia.
Conservation, research, andeducation

Seppe De Mits1, Joukje Buiteveld1, Nils van
Rooijen2, Rik Lievers1
1 Centre for Genetic Resources, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
2 Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.

Elena Estrelles1, Eva García-Martínez1,
Luís Martínez-Oliver1, Olga Mayoral1, Pilar
Soriano1

The Netherlands, as many countries, is committed
to conserving its native biodiversity in alignment
with international treaties such as the Convention
on Biological Diversity. Government-funded national
programs have been installed to conserve sourcesof genetic diversity. While this was traditionally focused on crop varieties, in recent years the scope
has broadened to include building a seed bank ofwild woody flora and crop wild relatives as safety
back-up. The foundation “Het Levend Archief” (The
Living Archive) has emerged parallel to these developments. This NGO aims to coordinate collaboration
between scientists and expert-volunteers to build a‘back-up’ seed collection of our botanical heritage,
all native plant species in The Netherlands, with an
initial focus on nationally red listed species. Withineach initiative, species and populations with priority for conservation are selected. By combining dataon current and past species distribution with expert
knowledge about the species’ ecology, population
history and genetic diversity, a selection of target
populations is made. Professionals join forces with

1 Jardí Botànic - ICBiBE, Universitat de València,
València, Spain.
The Valencian Wild Flora Germplasm Bank, locatedin the Botanical Garden of the University of Valencia,
covers ex-situ conservation activities of the Valencian
flora, co-financed by the University and the “Generalitat Valenciana”. Long-term preservation of seeds andspores of wild plants is our main aim. Today we areaware that achieving effective biodiversity conservation requires a multi-objective approach. Three aspects must be addressed, conservation, research andeducation. At this respect, specific data, results andactivities, are presented. Conservation proceduresof seeds and spores are currently well established.
Therefore, plant germplasm conservation activities
constitute the routine of the ex-situ conservation unit.
An analysis of the species of the Valencian flora preserved in our germplasm bank is provided, to determine the current conservation status of threatened47

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species and narrow endemics from the Valencian
Community. Research on germination of seeds andspores is one of the challenges of a germplasm bank.
Research support is required, especially when dealing
with narrow endemic, rare or threatened species. Dormancy, photoblastism, longevity or stress tolerance
are significant factors when we address wild plant
propagation. The germination study of Reseda hookerii, one of the most threatened species in our territory,
is presented. Education and science communication
have today a key role facing Sustainable Development
Goals. The germplasm bank makes available work
protocols with seeds and spores, through our web site(https://www.jardibotanic.org/?apid=protocols-228).
The objective is encouraging citizens to participate inpropagation activities, with diverse motivation, fromgardening to simply plant knowledge and use. Likewise, we hope that these protocols become practical
tools for teaching proposals, to introduce concepts
like flora conservation, plant propagation and theirrole in climate change mitigation. As part of this work,
the results of a survey carried out with high school students after hands-on activities, based on some of our
protocols, are analyzed.

nation tests were used to obtain effective seed germination capacity under different light conditions(red, far red, blue, green, complete light and darkness), different temperatures (4, 12, 20, 25, 32 and48°C), soil depth (surface, 0.5, 1.0 cm) and two different pH. Asexual reproduction was evaluated in situ
at open sky and under shade protected environment, where mother plants and their plantlets production were measured, and orientation registered.
Hechtia tehuacana has orthodox seeds, indistinct
photoblastic, germinate 46% under red light; optimum temperature seed germination at 32 °C (77%)
decreasing at 48°C (32%) but not at 4°C; they do
prefer to germinate at soil surface, in slightly basic
pH soils (7.5-7.9). Population largely is maintained by
64% of young plants formed by mother plants 0.5 -1
m high, producing phalange plantlets. Most of thefamily groups (36.8%) were found under tree shademainly oriented to the NE-NO below Vachellia farnesiana, Netulma laevigata, Castela tortuosa, Beaucarnea gracilis, Agave sp., Opuntia sp. and Stenocereus stellatus. Plantlets grow preferentially (47%) to
the NE of the mother plant. Under open sky plantlets
prefer N-NO growth, they show no normal distribution with significant difference. Double shade protection is an interesting factor in the growth of thisspecie and seed germination prove to have a profound adaptation to arid conditions. Both sexual andasexual reproduction characteristics could explain
the highly adapted growth, conservation, ecology,
and maintenance success of Hechtia tehuacana tothis harsh and fragile semiarid environment.

P.0062 Evaluation of sexualand asexual propagationof Hechtia tehuacana(Bromeliaceae) at theValley of Zapotilán, PueblaMexico

P.0063 Morphological andagronomic trait diversityof Brassica rapa genetic
resources conserved at the
National Agrobiodiversity
CenterMaría Dolores García Suárez1, Alejandor
Hernández García 1, Yareli Odemaris
Buendía López 1, José Ángel Lechuga
Corchado2, Héctor Serrano3
1 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico. 2 Departamento de Biotecnología. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico. 3 Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico.

Bum-Soo Hahn1, Parthiban Subramanian1,
Seong-Hoon Kim1, Yoon-Jung Lee1, Ae-Jin
Hwang1, Hyeonseok Oh1, Young-Wang Na1

Hechtia tehuacana B.L. Rob. (Bromeliaceae) is anendemic and patchy distributed terrestrial bromeliad growing at the arid zone and in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley Biosphere Reserve, a megadiversity and endemism center particularly at theValley of Zapotitlán Puebla, Mexico. Is a dioicous
plant that forms seeds in capsules. Plant sexual andasexual reproduction were evaluated. Seed germi-

1 National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Instituteof Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
The Brassica genus boasts a remarkable arrayof crops with a global distribution, ranking as theworld’s second major oilseed crop, surpassed only
by soybean. Notable members of the Brassica ge-48

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nus encompass a morphologically diverse spectrum, including bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts,
cabbage, cauliflower, canola, Chinese cabbage,
kale, kohlrabi, mustard, and turnips. This study focused on investigating the morphological diversity
within Brassica rapa, wherein 52 germplasms spanning 15 subspecies were cultivated under field conditions during the fall seasons of 2022 and 2023. The
predominant cotyledon colors observed in B. rapa
seedlings were green and dark green, with 65% of
seedlings displaying a purple hypocotyl. Anthocyanin pigment presence in the leaf petiole was infrequent (23.1%), as was its occurrence in the midrib(5.8%) and leaf surfaces (34.6%). Plant height ranged
from 16.4 to 73 cm, while width spanned from 21.4 to
93.4 cm. Plant habit exhibited a distribution amongspreading-type (53.8%), erect (28.8%), and semierect (17.3%), with the predominant plant shapes
being dome-shaped (46.2%) and inverted-pyramid
shaped (28.9%). B. rapa members did not produce
white or pale yellow flowers; instead, the flowers
were predominantly yellow-colored. Pods were primarily green or yellow-green, lacking any pigments.
Turnip-like root-modifications were exclusive toplants of the subspecies B. rapa subsp. rapa and B.
rapa subsp. rapifera. Principal component analysisof the observed traits revealed the grouping of B.
rapa subspecies into eight diverse clusters. Further
studies focusing on genetic components can enhance our understanding of the molecular phylogeny among these Brassica subspecies.

conditions, gene banks offer an excellent choice forthe conservation of plant genetic resources. Brassica is one of the most diverse and largest genera ofplants, cultivated and consumed all over the worldin various forms. In the present study we cultivated Brassica species outside the six species of thetriangle of U, commonly referred as Brassica crop
wild relatives (CWRs). A total of 54 Brassica CWR
resources spanning 42 species were grown under field conditions during fall seasons of 2022 and2023. We recorded and compared forty-five morphological and agronomic traits at various stagesof plant growth. During the seedling stage, Brassica
pupuraria, B. rupestris, and B. incana exhibited thethe longest cotyledons (1.4-1.8 cm), while B. deflexa,
B. aucheri and B. maurorum possessed the shortest
cotyledons (0.2 -0.4 cm). In the vegetative stage, B.
drepanensis, B. incana, B. barrelieri, and B. montana
were characterized with larger leaves, thick and long
petioles whereas, B. gravinae, B. desnottesii, B. souliei,
B. aucheri and B. repanda had smaller leaves withthin and shorter to absent petioles. Some species
such as B. barrelieri, B. oxyrrhina and B. maurorum
exhibited highly-lobed leaves, while other species
such as B. elongata were unlobed. The habit andplant height/width varied widely, ranging from flat,
short rosette type to tall herb types. Principal component analysis of the observed traits indicated thegrouping of these Brassica CWRs into six different
types as described by the triangle of U. Further analysis based on the genetic composition can provide
a comprehensive understanding of the phylogenyof the Brassica CWRs.

P.0064 Understanding
the diversity of conserved
Brassica crop wild
relatives (CWRs) throughtheir morphological andagronomic traits

P.0065 Germination
characteristics andphysiological changes ofPinus densiflora seed stored
for 20 years under two
storage temperatures

Parthiban Subramanian1, Seong-Hoon
Kim1, Yoon-Jung Lee1, Ae-Jin Hwang1,
Hyeonseok Oh1, Young-Wang Na1, BumSoo Hahn1

Da-Eun Gu1, Sim-Hee Han1, Ja-Jung Ku1
1 National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

1 National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Instituteof Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.

This study aimed to evaluate the germination characteristics and physiological changes of Pinus densiflora seeds stored for 20 years under two different
temperatures. Seeds collected from a clonal seed orchard were stored for two decades at temperatures of
4°C and -18°C, with the moisture content adjusted toGiven the narrowing gene pool in crops resulting
due to continuous breeding for a few selective traits
and the loss of biodiversity due to changing climate

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5-7%. Analysis of the stored seeds included assessing
germination characteristics, electrolyte leakage, andcarbohydrate content. Results indicated significant
differences in seed viability and physiological activity
based on the storage temperature. Seed germination
rates were 55% and 83% at 4°C and -18°C, respectively,
with corresponding T50 (the days required to achieve
50% of the final germination percentage) of 6.29 daysand 8.14 days, meaning that the seeds stored at 4°C
experienced a significant decrease in viability overthe 20-year period, whereas those stored at -18°C retained their viability. Analysis of electrolyte leakage, indicative of cell membrane integrity and seed aging,revealed higher electrical conductivity and more leakage of inorganic salts in the seeds stored at 4°C (44.8μS/cm), suggesting lower viability compared to thosestored at -18°C (26.8 μS/cm). Notably, the amountof inorganic salts leaked from the stored seeds followed the order of K, Ca, Na, Mg, and Fe. Although thecontent of carbohydrates in dry seeds did not differ
significantly between temperatures, variations wereobserved during the moisture absorption process for
germination, with respective values of 4.86 mg/g and3.88 mg/g at 4°C and -18°C, indicating differences incarbohydrate metabolic activity. In conclusion, P. densiflora seeds can be stored for more than 20 years at-18°C without losing viability and physiological activity
if proper moisture control is maintained

dient from desiccation tolerant (0, orthodox) to sensitive (1, recalcitrant). We examined how predictedtrait varied across taxonomic families, lifeforms, bioclimate of habitats where plants occur and their red
list categories.Overall, 82% of endemic taxa bear orthodox seeds and suitable for conservation throughseed banking. This includes 80% of threatened and
85% of non-threatened endemics. Remaining 18%(3946 taxa, 48 families and 436 genera) potentiallybear recalcitrant seeds and require alternative measures for conservation. The incidence of recalcitrant
was more frequent among gymnosperms than angiosperms (dicotyledons > monocotyledons), families with few naturally occurring genera, lifeforms
such as trees and shrubs, and habitats experiencing tropical rainforest and monsoon and temperate humid subtropical climates. Recalcitrant seeds
were absent among annuals, cycads, and parasitic plants, and habitats experiencing temperate
cold-summer Mediterranean, continental Mediterranean-influenced hot-summer humid, and polar ice
cap climates. There were 21 families which had ≥50%
recalcitrant taxa: predominantly recalcitrant(100%,
Lauraceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Rhizophoraceae, andCymodoceaceae); notably more recalcitrant thanorthodox (≥70%, Myristicaceae, Podocarpaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Fagaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Magnoliaceae, Sapotaceae, Pittosporaceae, Arecaceae,
Lecythidaceae, Araucariaceae, Malpighiaceae,Clusiaceae, and Ebenaceae); and marginally recalcitrant(54%, Calophyllaceae) or more recalcitrant (61-67%,
Sapindaceae, and Meliaceae).

P.0066 Seed storage
behaviour of endemic
vascular plants

P.0067 Incidence of seed
dormancy among endemic
vascular plants

Udayangani Liu1, Tiziana A. Cossu1
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, UK.
Seed’s response to dehydration in terms of desiccation tolerance is called seed storage behaviour.
It is an important seed trait to assess their potential for conservation through seed banking which
requires drying and cooling of seeds. However, not
all the seeds are amenable to this routine as seeds
from different taxa may respond differently. Using theprediction tool developed by authors of Wyse et al.
(2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx128) and occurrence, bioclimate and other trait data from available sources, we explored seed storage behaviour
among endemic plants (22,360 taxa, 21,876 species,
3391 genera and 199 families) which have had global level conservation assessments for their extinction
risk. Predictions are generated as a probability gra-

Udayangani Liu1, Tiziana A. Cossu1
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, UK.
Seed dormancy is an innate constraint whereseeds are prevented from germination under environmental conditions that would otherwise promote germination in nondormant (ND) seeds. It
also one of main determinants of population andspecies-level processes (e.g., colonization, establishment, distribution, adaptation, speciation, andextinction), ensuring germination to occur underappropriate seasonal conditions, thereby reducing extinction risk and providing the opportunity
for subsequent adaptive divergence. Inability to50

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break seed dormancy is an obstacle preventing dormant but healthy seeds from germinating during curatorial activities in seed banks. We
compiled a total of 27,067 seed dormancy records
from literature and summarised for 17,332 endemic taxa (16,903 species, 1771 genera, and 256
families) and explored variation in incidence ofdifferent dormancies: physiological (PD); morphological (MD); morphophysiological (MPD); physical(PY); and physiophysical (PYPD). We found 91% ofendemic taxa were known to bear dormant seeds.
Only 9% of taxa had exclusively ND seeds without
any identified dormancy and could germinate ina wide range of environmental conditions. Sometaxa were documented for having both dormant(PD or PY) and ND seeds, but such occurrenceswere very infrequent (each ≤0.3% of taxa). Whilst
all five main dormancy types were found among
endemics, 77% of taxa had only one type of dormancy, but their incidence of occurrence varied.
We found PD to be the most frequent seed dormancy state of endemics as 57% of taxa possessed PD seeds as their only dormancy type. Incidence of other single type dormancies amongtaxa were: MPD (11%); PY (8%); MD (1%); and PYPD(~0.1%). PY and PYPD occurred only in dicotyledons.
Eight different combinations of multiple dormancies were found among 14% of taxa. However, only
the MPD/MD combination (~8% of taxa) was foundnotably frequent compared to others (P.8 to <2% oftaxa).Many taxa had MPD/MD than only MD seeds.

term conservation. Our study will identify optimal
conditions of terrestrial orchid seeds of Armenian
species, focusing on low-cost methods. During
three field seasons, seeds of more than 20 orchid
species from the genera Anacamptis, Cephalanthera, Dactylorhiza, Epipactis, Gymnadenia, Limodorum, Ophrys, Orchis, and Platanthera, werecollected across Armenia and placed under different relative humidity (RH) conditions: 15%, 30%,
and 50% RH. Each were then placed in different
storage temperatures: +5oC, -20 oC, and -80 oC.
The experiments were conducted at the Millennium Seed Bank, in the South of England and theSeed Bank of Armenian Flora of the Institute ofBotany after A. Takhtajyan of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. Initial
results show that optimal conditions are often dependent on orchid species. Long-term duplicatesare sent and stored at the Millennium Seed Bank.
To further the conservation of orchids in Armenia, A. Takhtajyan Institute of Botany submitted
a proposal to the Higher Education and Science
Committee of the Ministry of Education, Science,
Culture and Sport of the Republic of Armenia to
continue investigation on seed conservation issues and macroecological studies on the populations of orchids found across Armenia.

P.0069 Native species forgreening agroecosystems: aselection process based onplant traits

P.0068 Long-term seed
conservation of Armenianorchids (Orchidaceae)

Micol Orengo1, Anna Corli1,2, Thomas
Abeli2,3, Andrea Mondoni1,2, Graziano Rossi1

Anush A. Nersesyan1,2, Astghik Papikyan1,2,
Sona Galstyan1,2, Aisyah Faruk 3

1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy. 3 Department of
Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.

1 Institue of Botany after A. Takhtajyan of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. 2 Nature Heritage NGO,
Armenia. 3 Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, UK.

The trend observed in the last decades of converting natural ecosystems in intensive farmland has
led to a significant loss of biodiversity and habitat
degradation. In this context, Nature Based Solutions (NBS) provide ways to reduce the pressureof human activities on the environment. Aiming toprotect crops from soil erosion, improve water retention and increase soil nutrient content, greening
with herbaceous ground covers have been implemented as NBS alongside both herbaceous andwoody crops. Most greening efforts today apply
seed mixes from agronomic species, but they are

The Orchidaceae family in Armenia is represented
by 14 genera and 44 terrestrial species. Nine species are included in the Red List of Armenia (2010).
Fourteen species occur outside the Protected Areas of Armenia. Under the project “Enhancing thecapacity and capability of orchid conservationin Armenia” funded by Darwin Initiative Capacity
and Capability Fund, we are studying seed behaviour of these charismatic species for long-51

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often demanding in terms of resources, thus being
able to outcompete the crops. In contrast, native
species represent a less demanding alternativeand simultaneously increase functional diversity, supporting ecosystem services and improving
overall biodiversity; however, studies on native
species are still in their infancy and site-specific.
We aim to design a selection process to identify
suitable native species for greening, based on the
study of plant functional traits. To do this, we examined most frequently occurring traits in threefunctionally selected agronomic mixes (nutrients
addition, biomass production, erosion control) using online databases such as TRY, then narrowed
down fundamental traits shared by the species
within each mix type (e.g. germination traits, nitrogen fixation). Data on the same traits were thencollected for the species from the native species
pool and each was ranked according to its suitability in different greening uses. The study is focused on the Oltrepò region (North-Apennines,
Italy), enabling us to apply this selection method
in an area where the practice of greening has
been largely employed in woody crops (vineyards
and olive groves). Results from the species selection process will be helpful in defining mixes of
spontaneous species to be used for greening the
N-Apennine region and, more broadly, in defining
a protocol for future selection endeavours.

preserve them, drawing the interest of local farmers and consumers involved in their conservation.
The present study aimed to characterize using a
multi-level approach (morphological, genetic, andmetabolomic analysis) three autochthonous lentil
ecotypes from different villages in the Molise region(Capracotta, CA; Rionero Sannitico, RS; and Agnone,A) in comparison to other autochthonous ecotypes,
one from Umbria (Castelluccio di Norcia, CS), one
from Lazio (RA), and one commercial variety (TR). In
the first phase, 14 IBPGR morphological descriptors
and 8 ISSR molecular markers were used to evaluate diversity, genetic variability, and phylogenetic
relationships among different ecotypes. Except for
A and CS, the morphological descriptors, clustering,and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed
a high similarity between the ecotypes. Instead, the
PCA and clustering analysis of the genetic profiles divided all ecotypes into two main groups: one groupconsisted of the ecotypes from the Molise region,and one was formed by the other three. Untargeted
metabolomics, performed by liquid chromatography
coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/
MS), revealed that 809 MS peaks (metabolic characteristics) of those 544 were differentially expressedamong lentil ecotypes (P ≤ P.5). According to the PCA
and PLS-DA score plots, the metabolite compositionsof autochthonous ecotypes differed significantly
from each other. To identify ecotype-specific metabolic features, an enrichment analysis will be carriedout. Furthermore, physiological tests (i.e., aging tests
and antioxidant assays) and an in vitro assay of bioactive compounds will be carried out to explore thebeneficial properties of the identified metabolic features, supporting valorization and conservation activities of autochthonous ecotypes.

P.0070 Characterizationand valorization of
autochthonous legume
ecotypes from the Molise
regionP.0071 Effect of temperatureand light on seeds
germination of Adenophoraliliifolia (L.) A.DC

Alessandra Renella1, Martina Falcione1,
Massimiliano Corso2, Gabriella S. Scippa1,
Dalila Trupiano1
1. University of Molise, Pesche, Italy 2. Institut JeanPierre Bourgin, Universite Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, France.

Dubravka Sandev1, Sanja Kovačić1
1 Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Facultyof Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.

High genetic variability, specialized metabolites (terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids), and health-promoting compounds are characteristics of autochthonous ecotypes. However, autochthonous
ecotypes are seriously threatened by extinction,
mainly because of their replacement by commercial varieties. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize thedistinctive properties of autochthonous ecotypes toAdenophora liliifolia (L.) A.DC grows scatteredfrom Central and Eastern Europe to North-Western and Central Asia, inhabiting various types ofshady forests and wet grasslands. In spite of its
wide distribution, the populations have been small
and declining through most of its range. In Croa-

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tia, this Natura 2000 species is very rare, appearing dispersed within the territory of IPA Gorski kotar& Kupa river valley. In the Botanical Garden of theFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, germination study was conducted with the aim of shedding light on the topic of A. liliifolia seed ecology
and consequently advancing conservation efforts.
Freshly matured seeds were exposed to warm andcold stratification in duration of four to sixteen
weeks. Germination was investigated through different regimes of incubation parameters, i.e. illumination (light/dark) and temperature (5, 15/6, 23°C). Adenophora liliifolia seeds had higher germination rate after 8 and 12 weeks of cold stratification. Light conditions and incubation temperatureof 23 °C were proved to be the most appropriate
for successful seed germination (85.3% after eightweeks and 84% after twelve weeks of cold stratification). The observed patterns in seed behaviour
are consistent with the conditions of the natural
habitat in Croatia. The knowledge gathered fromthese patterns is vital for successful ex situ andin situ conservation strategies necessary for thissmall population to survive.

(length, width, perimeter, surface area) and theirultrastructure observed with a scanning electron
microscope. Polystachya species are mainly characterized by small seeds with test cells with very
thick cell walls. In most of the taxa studied, a spiral cell wall arrangement and a smooth periclinal
wall were observed. This structure is unique to thegenus, so it diagnoses it within the orchids. In conclusion, the ultrastructure of the seeds of the analyzed taxa shows a high degree of similarity, which
prevents it from being used as a taxonomically
relevant feature. Even if combined with additional
data such as seed size, shape and distribution ofcells in the seed coat. This may be due to the factthat many of the representatives studied belong
to only a few sections, most of which are closely related. However, individuals from morphologically strongly distinct groups, sometimes eventreated as separate genera (Unguiculabia Mytnik& Szlach. or Epiphorella Mytnik & Szlach.), showed
less similarity. The results obtained significantly
expand the poor knowledge of the carpology ofthe group analyzed. To determine the complete
variability of seeds within the Polystachya, further
studies should focus on fewer sections and groupsof endemic taxa, such as those from Madagascar.

P.0072 Seed ultrastructure
as a useful tool in taxonomy:
analysis of selected speciesof the genus Polystachya
Hook. (Orchidaceae)

P.0073 Germination ofAristolochia hypoglauca
and Aristolochia zebrina(Aristolochiaceae) under
different light intensities

Katarzyna Sanek1, Sławomir Nowak2,
Marta Kolanowska1, Konrad Kaczmarek1,
Agnieszka Rewicz1

André V. Suzuki1, Lucas A. Silva2, Nelson T.
L. Pena3, Jadson B. Zampirollo2, Valquíria
F. Dutra2, Anderson Alves-Araújo4, Elton J.
de Lírio1,5, Joelcio Freitas6

1 Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection,
University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland. 2 Faculty of Biology,
University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Polystachya Hook. is a large genus comprising
about 230 species, mostly epiphytic orchids. The
genus is characterized by a pantropical distribution, although the vast majority of its representatives grow in the tropical part of Africa. To date,analyses of species in the genus Polystachya have
only dealt with general shape variation, e.g., leaf
shape or inflorescence structure. In contrast, literature data on the seed morphology of species
in the genus Polystachya Hook. (Orchidaceae)
is extremely scarce. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the seed morphology of Polystachya
and related taxa involving their biometric analysis

1 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil. 2
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil. 4
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. 5 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 6 Instituto
Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa, Brazil.
This work aimed to analyze the effect of luminosity on the germination of Aristolochia hypoglauca Kuhlm. and Aristolochia zebrina J.Freitas& F.González to test whether the occurrence ofspecies in open areas is related to the germination taxa in higher light intensities, as well as
to verify the best conditions for germination of53

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temperature variations at the population level, assessed population adaptation to local temperature conditions, and estimated germination niches for selected species under current and futureclimate scenarios (SP5-8.5; 2080). To this aim, we
performed a meta-analysis of published literaturespanning from 1996 to 2023, focusing on germination proportions and time across populations
in different biomes. A total of 50 articles covering
63 species and 250 populations worldwide werereviewed, encompassing boreal, temperate, Mediterranean, and tropical-subtropical regions. Ourfindings reveal that temperature-induced warming generally accelerates germination time acrossbiomes, with more consistent shifts observed thanin germination proportions. Intra-specific variation
plays a significant role in germination responses,
particularly for boreal and temperate species,
mediated by temperature-related variables atseed origin. In contrast, precipitation-related factors are more influential for Mediterranean andtropical-subtropical species. Tropical species displayed higher local adaptation to warming whereas adaptation lags were observed in non-tropicalbiomes. Germination niches’ prediction suggested
germination reductions for tropical-subtropicaland Mediterranean species under future climate
scenarios, while temperate and boreal species
predictions generally displayed overall increases,
especially in cold margins. In conclusion, our study
underscores the importance of population-leveladjustments in modulating germination responses
to climate change and emphasizes the sensitivityof germination phenology. Therefore, we advocate
for the consideration of these processes and theirecological implications in future research on forest vulnerability to climate change.

both species, aiming conservation actions. The
species are categorized as Endangered (EN) in
the Espírito Santo state Threatened Species List
and the Official National List of Threatened Species, respectively. Aristolochia hypoglauca occur
in bush borders in dense montane and submontane ombrophile forests, while A. zebrina occurs
in open areas in ombrophile forests of Tabuleiro
and Restinga. We used three treatments: 100%,50% and 0% of luminosity (LUM) in each species.
After 38 days, the seeds with radicle or visible
endosperm were considered as germinated. For
A. hypoglauca the germination rate submitted
at 100% LUM was 68%, for 50% LUM = 66%, and for
0% LUM = 26%. Seeds of A. zebrina in 100% LUM
resulted in a 22% germination rate; 50% LUM =34% and 0% LUM = 26%. In a comparison of germination taxa between species, there is no significant difference for the 0% LUM treatment. For
A. hypoglauca a higher percentage of germination occurred in the treatments of 50% and 100%,
indicating a positive photoblastic behaviour. In
contrast, for A. zebrina, there was no significant
difference between the three treatments, whichwere considered neutral photoblastic. The germination behaviour was expected for A. hypoglauca, which responds to the high luminosity
conditions where the species occurs. However,for A. zebrina its germination may be related toother factors present in the environment.

P.0074 Tree species’
germination in a warming
planet: a meta-analysis
spanning biomes, species,
and populations
Eduardo Vicente1, Marta Benito Garzón1
1 BIOGECO INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Pessac,
France.
Most knowledge on trees’ adaptation to environmental changes relies on adult individuals, leaving
early-life stages understudied. One of the mostsensitive to climate processes at early stages isgermination, i.e. the transition from seed to seedling. To fill this knowledge gap, we present a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the variation intree populations’ germination responses to temperature changes across biomes. We investigated how germination responses are influenced by54

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S.009. AEROBIOLOGY. ADVANCES IN THE
ATMOSPHERIC POLLEN RESEARCH AND
CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALCHANGE.
P.0075 Pollen as anenvironmental factor in
inflammatory diseases

P.0076 Pollen morphology
of some species ofAcanthaceae from theWestern Ghats of India

José de la Torre1, Inés Rodríguez I1, RafaelPérez1

Maria Emilia Mascarenhas1

1 Departamento de Análisis Clínicos. Hospital Comarcal Axarquía, Málaga, Spain.

1 Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Mapusa, Goa, India.

Anemophilous pollen is introduced into the bronchi
by respirations and through mucuciliary sweeping and insensible swallowing they pass into thedigestive tract, where they can act as antigenic
molecules. Between 6 and 36% of stool samples
were sent to the laboratory for microscopic examination are found to contain pollens. 90% of thesepatients presented abdominal pain and/or diarrhoea. In Southeast Asian countries, pollen levelsin the air are very low and inflammatory bowel
diseases are also very low, in contrast to Europe
and North America where pollen levels are usuallyhigh and inflammatory bowel diseases are high. A
retrospective observational study was carried out
during the years 2017-2022 of 300 stool samples
from 100 patients with digestive symptomatology,
and 300 stool samples from 100 patients without
symptomatology. Stool pollen shows a seasonal response with three peaks coinciding with thepollen calendar of Vélez-Málaga. The retrospective observational study of stool samples frompatients in our area showed the same distribution
and the stool pollen counts varied from 125 to 1000
grains/g. Forty-five percent of patients with pollen
in stool had abdominal symptoms for more than
5 months. Samples from patients without pollen in
faeces, their symptoms did not last more than 2months on average and calprotectins were all lessthan 100μg/g.

The family Acanthaceae is an eurypalynous one,and the pollen diversity within the family is significant. The family is one of the most species-rich in
the Western Ghats, with a good proportion of endemic components. However, earlier pollen studies
from outside the country did not adequately cover
the family from this region. Pollen samples of 29
endemic Acanthaceae (19 species and 10 varieties) were collected from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka of India. Pollen wasacetolysed and studied using a light microscope(LM). Among these taxa, the pollen morphology ofeight species and five varieties has been analysed
for the first time in this paper. The pollen shape,
number of pores/colpi, exine ornamentation andlight microscope photographs have been provided. Pollen morphology ranges from spherical toprolate to sub-prolate. Similarity is seen between
the pollen of Barleria L. and Eranthemum L.; Dicliptera Juss., Justicia L. and Rungia Nees; Gymnostachyum Nees and Haplanthodes Nees; Calacanthus T.Anderson ex Benth. and Hygrophila R.Br. All
the species of Strobilanthes Blume studied here
had prolate pollen except S. ixiocephalus which
had spherical pollen. Neuracanthus Nees had nosimilarity with any of the other genera studied. Pollen morphology is an excellent diagnostic character for the family Acanthaceae and is conserved
within the genera. Hence, pollen studies can be
indispensable for delimiting the tribes, sub-tribes
and genera.

Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

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P.0077 How does
aerobiology behave in aneotropical city?
Álex Espinosa-Correa1, Fernando AlzateGuarín1

P.0078 Study of reproductive
phenology in grasses
related to airborne pollen
concentration in Madrid(Spain). Preliminary results

1 Grupo de Estudios Botánicos GEOBOTA, Institutode Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Ángel Cascón1, Jorge Romero-Morte1,
Montserrat Gutiérrez-Bustillo1, Jesús Rojo1.

Aerobiology in the tropics is still a science in development, where sampling and analysis areneeded to understand the dynamics that occur
there. Airborne pollen concentrations in the city ofMedellín were measured using a Hirst-type sampler and correlated with meteorological parameters (relative humidity, rainfall, temperature, andwind speed) and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOx).
Sampling was conducted over three years from(2019-2022), and pollen grains were detectedon all days of sampling. The annual pollen integral (APIn) was 46,826, 51,536, and 43,608 pollen* day/m3 for each of the three sampling years. A
total of 26 pollen types were identified, with Cecropia, Urticaceae, Fraxinus, Moraceae, Cupressaceae, Myrtaceae, Pinus, and Arecaceae being themost abundant. The highest pollen concentrations
were observed from December to January and in
July-August, corresponding to the months withthe lowest rainfall. The Main Pollen Season (MPS)
ranged from 247 to 301 days in duration. During
all sampling days, aerovagant pollen was foundpresent in the atmosphere of the city of Medellín.
The highest hourly pollen concentrations occurred
around noon, whilst something very different andrarely reported occurs with Cecropia, which ismuch more abundant at night, from 20:00 to 1:00
h. Relative humidity and rainfall showed negative
correlations, while temperature and wind speed
exhibited positive correlations, which has also
been observed in different samples around theworld. PM2.5 and NOx display significant negative
correlations, whereas PM10 exhibits significant positive correlations. These results underscore the influence of atmospheric variables on airborne pollen in a tropical city. Furthermore, they suggest thepotential use of pollen as an indicator of air quality
in the urban environment.

1 Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University of Madrid,
Madrid, Spain.
Grasses are the dominant species in many naturaland human-managed habitats. In addition to theirecological importance, we must consider their importance from the public health point of view, sincegrasses are one of the main cause of pollen allergy
worldwide and particularly in Mediterranean areasand in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. For thisreason, grasses are a taxonomic group widely studied from the aerobiological point of view and theinterpretation by phenological in situ observation isvery interesting. In this work we studied the reproductive phenology of 27 abundant grass species in
the city of Madrid (Spain). Sampling was carried out
at two sampling points. Phenological observations
were based on the percentage of flowering individuals, and were carried out weekly from March to May
2022. In addition, airborne Poaceae pollen concentrations were recorded daily with a volumetric Hirsttype sampler located in the Faculty of Pharmacy of
the Complutense University of Madrid. This is a biological air quality station belonging to the Madrid
Region Palynological Network. The peak flowering
periods of the species were compared with the airborne pollen concentration to determine the mostimportant species in pollen emission and dispersal
in Madrid. The results showed that species of thegenera Bromus, Hordeum or Avena are early flowering annual species and coincide with pollen concentrations in the air (pollen curve) that do not exceed 50 grains/m3. On the other hand, in the groupof species that flower from May to the beginningof June (late flowering species), there are annual
species such as Lolium rigidum Gaud. and Trisetum
paniceum Lam., and mainly perennial species suchas Piptatherum mileaceum L., Elymus repens L. andDactylis glomerata L. whose flowering coincides withthe maximum pollen concentrations of grasses in
the city of Madrid.

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P.0079 First insights on
Pollen Sense AutomatedParticulate Sensor (APS300) for airborne Olea
pollen monitoring in the
Mediterranean area

P.0080 Aerobiology of Texas
Panhandle with specialreference to pollen data
analyzed for two decades
Nabarun Ghosh*1 Aubrey Howard1,
Lyanna DeLeon1, Maritrinh Nguyen1, Prabir
Banerjee**2

Qasim Farooq1,2, Jose Oteros1,2, Moisés
Martínez Bracero1,2, Carmen Galán1,2

1 Professor of Biology, Aerobiology Laboratory, Department of Life, Earth and Environment Sciences,
West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas, USA 2
Head, Gastroenterology, Charnock Hospital, Kolkata, India. *nghosh@wtamu.edu, **drprabir2003@
gmail.com.

1 Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence,
University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain. 2 Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System IISTA,
University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.

Aeroallergens are often the cause of serious allergic and asthmatic reactions, affecting millions of people each year. In each geographicalarea, there are different species that compounda characteristic airborne pollen calendar controlled by the meteorological conditions changeable in areas and years. We used a Burkard Spore
Trap for aeroallergen sampling that provided us
with the information regarding the onset, duration, and severity of the pollen season that clinicians use to guide allergen selection for skintesting and treatment. We also used pollen grainsfrom different plant species of our locality for
identifying and characterizing the pollen throughScanning Electron Microscopy. We examined thesamples with an SEM (TM-1000) after gold coating
and Critical Point Drying. We measured the pollen
grains using the TM-1000-imaging software thatrevealed the micro-morphology with the size of
colpi, sulci and the detailed microstructures. This
information can aid data for classification andcircumscription in Angiosperm taxonomy. For
viewing the fluorescence in pollen, we used2-3
drops of Fluorescein-based dyes with deionizedwater on the slides. The slides were mounted
and observed under the microscope. During thelast two decades, the use of SEM has greatly increased our knowledge of the microstructure ofpollen. Mature pollen grains are stable in a vacuum: this allows quick preparation for SEM examination. The low level of technical expenditure
required, in combination with the high structural
diversity exhibited and the intuitive ability to understand the “three dimensional”, often aesthetically appealing micro-structures visualized, hasturned pollen studies into a favorite tool of manytaxonomists. The daily weather was recorded including temperature, wind speed, precipitation,

Accurate and repeatable pollen analysis and detection are essential for airborne pollen monitoring.
In Europe, it is carried out by hand counting, a labor-intensive and comparatively slow procedure.
For this reason, new automatic approaches are required to address these issues. Despite the fact thata great deal of work has been done with varying
degrees of success, there are still a lot of problems
with automatic pollen monitoring. In this work, we
provide the results of field testing a unique automated real-time pollen imaging sensor in Cordoba,
Spain. First, we conducted a comparison of the pollen concentrations obtained using a manual Hirsttype spore-trap and an automated real-time pollen
sensor (APS-300, Pollen Sense LLC) between March
13, 2023, and June 15, 2023, using parallel measurements. At the Rabanales Campus of the Universityof Cordoba in Spain, both samplers are located in
the same station. Second, we evaluated the quality of the retrieved pollen concentrations detectedwith both samplers. The Hirst-type trap recorded anaverage daily pollen concentration of 1,535(pollen
grains/m3) during the study period, while APS-300
recorded 2,129 (pollen grains/m3). While the Hirsttype trap reported a peak concentration of over
8,000 (pollen grains/m3), the APS-300 recorded thehighest concentration of over 9,000 (pollen grains/m3) on April 27. The daily Olea pollen concentration
measured by both systems demonstrated an extremely significant correlation, with R equal to 0.91.
The APS-300’s real-time and mobile features makeit highly effective in tracking Olea pollen. In terms ofhuman effort and time resolution, it is a major advance over manual counting approaches. Nevertheless, more research is needed to enhance automated pollen detection methods.

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P.0082 Developmental
stages of female strobili
and the effects of spray
pollination for Cryptomeria
japonica

humidity, average soil temperatures. This allowed
the estimation of the clinical significance of thevarious pollen types by combining data concerning in vivo allergenicity and terminal velocity as ameans to judge the clinical significance.

P.0081 Monitoring invasiveplant with aerobiology data
and aerial photography

Naoko Miyamoto1, Kazuya Iizuka2, Yukinori
Konno3, Soichiro Nagano4, Jin’ya Nasu1,
Yuichiro Oribe4, Nobuaki Takeda4

Guillermo Guada1, María FernándezGonzález1, Pedro A. Araujo Nespereira2, J.
José Uzal Dapena2, F. Javier RodríguezRajo1

1 Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree
Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Iwate, Japan. 2 School of agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan. 3 Miyagi Prefectural Forestry Technology Institute, Miyagi,
Japan. 4 Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry andForest Products Research Institute, Okayama, Japan.

1 Department of Vegetal Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Ourense,
Spain. 2 Department of Marine Geo-science andTerritory Rationalization, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.

The applicability of spray pollination for Cryptomeria
japonica in the field, as an artificial pollination promotion technique, was examined to effectively utilizea small amount of pollen while improving workability.
First, the effect of storage time of the pollen grain–water suspension on pollen activity was evaluated. Pollen
grains stored for 12 h in the suspension had a similar
germination activity to those evaluated immediately
after the suspension was prepared. Then, spray pollination with three levels of pollen concentrations (0.2%,
0.5%, and 1.0%) on multiple mother tree clones with female strobili at different developmental stages (start,
half-open, and full-open) was tested. In addition, toevaluate whether mating following spray pollination
was successful, the seedlings grown from the collected seeds were subjected to paternity analysis using
DNA markers. There was no effect by spray pollinationon the levels of cone yield and the 100-seed weight (p> P.5). Conversely, spray pollination at 1.0% pollen concentration had a significant positive effect on the seedgermination rate (p < P.5). Spray pollination at the twopollen concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% had a significant positive effect on the ratio of seedlings (mating
success rate) for the spray pollen used (p < P.5 and p <P.1, respectively). The mating success rate with the 1.0%
pollen concentration was higher than that with the
0.5% concentration. Among the three female strobili
developmental stages, the mating success rate tended to be higher when spray pollination was performedat the half-open stage. A mating success rate of 0.362
was predicted using a spray pollination with 1.0% at thehalf-open stage of strobili. In summary, spray pollination was shown to have beneficial effects on matingeven in the field.

We studied the relationship between airborne pollen of the invasive plant Acacia dealbata Link and its
increase in surface area using aerobiological data
and aerial photography. Our objective is to test if the
aerobiological data reflect the increase in surface
area of Acacia. For this purpose, pollen monitoring
was conducted using the Lanzoni VPPS 2000 volumetric trap, and the evolution of the Acacia surface
mapped using the Spanish Geographic Information
System of Agricultural Plots (SIGPAC) viewer and aerial photographs provided by the national plan of
Aerial orthophotography (PNOA). The use of drones
was also used in the field to delimit and verify theoccurrence on inaccessible areas. The study period
ranged from 2003 to 2017, during which time aerial photos were used to measure surface area. The
measured area increased from 261.3 ha in 2009 to
364.9 ha in 2017, resulting in a 39.7% increase overthe entire study period. Regarding pollen, the mainpollen season occurs from January to April, with thegreatest percentage of grains in March. The pollen
integral shows a tendency to increase, reaching up
to 5 times more pollen throughout the study period.
The surface area expansion observed in the mapping is also reflected in the trends of Acacia pollen
growth in air, with an annual increase of 5.3 pollen grains per year. This increase in pollen is muchgreater than the increase in areas invaded, whichindicates the high degree of Acacia adaptation in
the studied area. This study shows how airborne pollen count monitoring and mapping are useful tools
for invasive plant management decision making.

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P.0083 Pollen spectrum
analysis between two cities
in the province of Córdoba,
Spain.

P.0084 Detection andcontrol of grapevine
pathogenic fungi:
Plasmopara viticola,
Erysiphe necator and
Botrytis cinerea. A
systematic review

Thalia Morales1, Carmen Torres1, María
José Tenor Ortiz1, María Castro1, Quasim
Farroq1, Purificación Alcázar1, Carmen
Galán1

Guillermo Muñoz-Gómez1, Federico
Fernández-González1, Rosa Pérez-Badia1

1 Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research,
University of Córdoba, Spain.

1 University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Spain.

A comparative study was carried out between two
localities in southern Spain (Province of Córdoba,
Andalusia), one rural (Hinojosa del Duque) at 542 ma.s.l., one urban (Córdoba capital), 123 m a.s.l. Sampling was performed for two years (2021 - 2022).
Aerobiological sampling was performed using a
Hirst-type 7-day pollen trap, in accordance with theprocedure developed by the European Aerobiology Society (EAS). As a result, 54 pollen types wereidentified in both locations. In total, 33 pollen types
were classified as herbaceous and 21 as arboreal.
The mean Annual Pollen Integral (APIn) determined
for Córdoba was 239,973 pollen grains/m3, while in
Hinojosa was lower, with 180.612 pollen grains/m3.
The most abundant pollen types varied in both locations. In Córdoba, 13 pollen types were identified
with at least 1%: Olea (38%), Quercus (21%), Poaceae (7%), Cupressus (7%), Moraceae (4%), Urticaceae(4%), Platanus (3%), Corylus (3%), Pinus (2%), Fraxinus(2%), and Plantago, Asteraceae and Populus with 1%.
In Hinojosa, 8 pollen types were identified: Quercus(38%), Olea (24%), Poaceae (13%), Cupressus (6%),
Urticaceae (6%), Plantago (3%), Pinus and Amaranthaceae with 1%. The main pollen season (MPS) in
Córdoba starts one month earlier than in Hinojosa,and it is also longer. Several deviations between theurban and rural sites were also noted. Córdoba exhibited higher annual pollen concentrations, largely
driven by Olea concentrations. The urban site exhibited a greater range of pollen concentrations andpollen types due to the increased presence of ornamental plants, such as Platanus. For Hinojosa, Quercus is the most representative arboreal pollen typein both years and an increase in altitude delays theonset of floral phenology and the duration of flowering is shorter, because of the thermal gradient experienced as altitude increases, for that reason Hinojosa we recorded lower APIn.

Fungal diseases are a problem in viticulture due to theeconomic losses they cause. The intensive use of fungicides for their control and prevention has negative impacts on the environment and human health. To minimize these impacts, integrated crop management has
been promoted and efficient and sustainable prevention and control strategies for these diseases have beendeveloped. The aim of this work has been to carry out asystematic review of the studies that deal with control
systems and early detection of grapevine pathogenic fungi: Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew), Erysiphe
necator (powdery mildew) and Botrytis cinerea (greymould). This review has been performed following thestandard PRISMA 2020 protocol and includes 129 studies that show the current knowledge on this topic. Aerobiological sampling is useful to determine the presence
and abundance of these pathogenic fungi in vineyards.
Volumetric traps are the most used spore samplers. In
the samples obtained, spores are identified and quantified by optical microscopy or molecular techniques.
Molecular and remote sensing techniques allow fungal
infection to be detected before the onset of symptoms.
Grapevine pathogenic fungi synchronize the beginningand end of their life cycles with budbreak (spring) andgrapevine senescence (autumn), and the course of thedifferent stages of the life cycle depends on climatic
variables of each year. Therefore, forecasting models
that inform about the time of onset and evolution of thegrapevine diseases mainly take into account meteorological variables, as well as airborne spore concentrations from previous days in some cases. Up to now,
warning systems established to alert farmers to thedevelopment of fungal diseases are effective but have
not yet been successfully implemented in vineyards.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by
the projects SBPLY/21/180501/000172, and 2022-GRIN34507.

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P.0085 Agriculturalactivities as key factor
in the disproportionate
increase of airborne spore
concentration in non-ruralareas

in aerobiological studies of fungal spores, as well as
the need to establish as risk days of environmental
exposure to Alternaria during the period when agricultural activities are taking place, even in non-rural
areas.

P.0086 Intradaily variationsin three different areas in
the atmosphere of Malaga
city (Southern Spain)

Alberto Rodríguez-Fernández1, Ana María
Vega-Maray1, Rosa M. Valencia Barrera1,
Carlos Blanco-Alegre2, Tibor Molnar 3,
Delia Fernández-González1,4

Rocío Ruiz Mata1, M. Mar Trigo1, Enrique deGálvez Montañez1, Marina Muñoz García1,
Marta Recio1, Antonio Picornell1

1 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental
Management (Botany), University of León, León,
Spain. 2 Department of Physics, University of León,
León, Spain. 3 Institute of Agricultural Sciences andRural Development, Szent István University, Szarvas,
Hungary. 4 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences andClimate-CNR, Bologna, Italy.

1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
Airborne pollen is one of the main causative agents ofallergic diseases in cities all over the world. Pollen concentrations vary throughout the day, but they may be
not equal at different points all over the city, due to suchconcentrations are influenced by the presence of nearby pollen emission sources, wind direction and structure of the city. The knowledge of the influence of theseparameters is interest for allergic people, especially incities with a touristic interest such as Malaga. The objective of this study is to analyse and compare the intradaily behaviour of main pollen concentration in threedifferent points of the city of Malaga in order to searchfor differences and compare the influence of the pollenemission sources in the nearby areas. Aerobiological
data were obtained using three Hirst-type volumetricpollen trap. One of them was installed in the NW of thecity, the second in the city centre, and the third one in
the East coast. The study was carried out between 2019and 2023. The samples were mounted and counted
following the recommendations of the Spanish Aerobiology Network. The countings have been done hourly,
considering only days without precipitations with dailymean concentration values equal or greater than thatof the main pollen season for each point and year. After that the results of two-hour intervals were expressedas percentages over the daily total and the intradiurnal
pattern obtained were studied. Some differences between sampling points were observed in the intradiaily
patterns of the pollen types studied, due to the location of the nearby pollen emission sources, especiallyregarding the hour of the maximum peaks. This reflects
the need to carry out aerobiological samplings in several points of a city in order to obtain a more precise
and useful information to the allergic population.

Alternaria is a cosmopolitan and saprophytic fungus genus that compromises more than 300 species. Many species of this genus are catalogued
as important phytopathogens, causing significant
yield and economic losses in the agricultural sector. Moreover, Alternaria airborne conidia are linked
to respiratory disorders, mainly asthma, in sensitized
population to fungus. Traditionally, it has been observed that in rural areas, the concentration of Alternaria spores in the air was higher than in cities.
However, land use and the long-medium distancetransport of spores can lead to significant increases
in the concentration of these spores in cities as well.
This study aims to identify the impact of agriculturalactivities, carried out in locations not in close proximity to the monitoring station, have on the Alternaria airborne spore load in urban areas. The study
was conducted in Valladolid (Central-Northwest of
Spain) over a 5-year period using a volumetric Hirst
spore-trap Lanzoni VPPS 2000, following the methodology proposed by CEN legislation EN 16868:2019.
Daily spore concentration was measured following
the methodology proposed by Galán et al. (2021),
and land use maps within a 30 km radius of monitoring station were produced. In addition, wind parameters were analyzed in combination with spore
concentration using a conditional probability function. The results of this study show that cereal crops
act as the major sources of Alternaria conidia, anddays with the highest concentration values matching with the period during which harvesting activities are taking place in the region. These findings
highlight the relevance of emission source analysis

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P.0087 Pollen morphology
sheds light on Palicoureeae
and Psychotrieae(Rubiaceae) systematics

was a consistent morphological similarity between
Psychotria and Palicourea species that present apolar pollen grains. This finding supports the current
nomenclatural transfer of species from Psychotria
to Palicourea.

P.0088 Pollen diversity
in Lepidaploa R.M.King &H.Rob. (Asteraceae)

Filipe Torres-Leite1, Hian Carlos Ferreira deSousa2, Tatiana Tavares Carrijo3, Claudia
Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça2, Mário Luís
Garbin3, Renato Gondenberg1,4, Carla
Poleselli Bruniera5, Vania Gonçalves
Lourenço-Esteves2

Vania Gonçalves-Esteves1, Simone
Cartaxo-Pinto1, Tatiana Tavares Carrijo2,
Roberto Lourenço Esteves1, Claudia
Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça1

1 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Alegre, Brasil. 4 Universidade Federal do Paraná,
Curitiba, Brasil 5 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brasil.

1 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu
Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brasil.

The Palicoureeae and Psychotrieae tribes have undergone taxonomic rearrangements involving theinclusion and exclusion of taxa, especially within
the genus Psychotria L., to achieve the monophyly of the groups. In this context, several species of
Psychotria are being transferred to Palicourea. Pollen morphology can offer a useful information for
taxa delimitation, also providing a morphologicalbasis for phylogenetically supported groups. Here
we present the palynological study of 37 species of
Palicoureeae and Psychotrieae tribes circumscribedunder the genera Eumachia DC. (3 spp.), Palicourea(17 spp.), Psychotria (13 spp.), Rudgea Salisb. (3 spp.),besides Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. Acetolyzed
pollen grains were analyzed under light microscopy, measured, and photomicrographed. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was employed toanalyze the pollen surface of non-acetolyzed grains.
Two groups of species were recognized basedon pollen polarity. The major group comprises the
species with apolar (33 spp.) and inaperturate (32spp.) pollen grains. These species differed among
each other by the pollen size varying from medium,large, or very large, and by the surface ornamentation, which shows foveolate, rugulate, granulate,
perforate, scabrate, microreticulate-equinolate, microreticulate, or reticulate sexine. Considering thespecies with apolar pollen grains, Geophila repens
was the only one with a pantoporate aperture. Isopolar pollen grains were observed in a minor group
comprising the species of Eumachia, one species of
Rudgea, and two species of Psychotria. The studied
species exhibited diverse pollen morphology, particularly in the sexine ornamentation. Notably, there

Pollen morphology has been playing an importantrole in the taxonomy of Lepidaploa. The great diversity in the echinolophate pattern was used to distinguish this genus from the closely related Lessingianthus. However, since the pollen morphology of theapproximately 150 species currently recognized in
Lepidaploa has not been comprehensively examined, the subject remains open for further investigation. In this study, pollen material from 26 speciesof Lepidaploa was analyzed using light microscopy
and scanning electron microscopy. For the former,
the pollen material was acetolysed, and for the latter, non-acetolyzed pollen grains were analyzed. The
species had medium or large pollen grains, suboblate, oblate-spheroidal or prolate-spheroidal, small,or large polar area, 3-colporate, endoaperture inapertural gaps, presenting in three forms: a- twomuri transversal individualizing three gaps, b- twomuri not completely fused, c- without transversal
muri. Equinolophate sexine, with gaps that form four
patterns of organization: 1) three apertural gaps, sixabapertural, six parapertural pairs, six interaperturaland two polar, 2) three apertural gaps, six abapertural, six parapertural pairs, six interapertural, twopolar and three equatorial, 3) three apertural gaps,
six abapertural, six pairs of paraapertural and six interapertural, with “Y” formed by the union of the wallsof the interapertural gaps, 4) three apertural gaps,
six abapertural, six pairs paraapertural, six interapertural and three equatorial. Pollen characters, suchas the number of lacunae and aperture area morphology, were useful to distinguish the species of
Lepidaploa. However, some of these patterns werealso described for pollen grains in Lessingianthus.

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P.0089 Recent changes
on grasses phenologicalstages in Cordoba, Spain(2022-2023)

area is located on the thermo-Mediterranean bioclimatic belt of the Mediterranean region within the
Holarctic kingdom. The phenological stages studied
include pre-flowering (BBCH 60), start of flowering(BBCH 61), full flowering (BBCH 65), end of flowering(BBCH 67), and fruiting (BBCH 69). Fifteen species ofgrasses have been selected, which are presented in
the three types of cover studied: pasture, riverbank,and shrub. A comparison between time periods
has been made to observe changes in phenological trends caused by variations in temperature andprecipitation. The full flowering phase has advancedin the last two years, resulting in a shorter duration
for the first two phases. In the three types of studied
land cover, full flowering is brought forward, which isrelated to an increase in temperature in April in both
years, but especially in 2023. In different cover types,
when compared with the historical data, Hordeum
leporinum starts fruiting earlier due to its sensitivity to temperature increase; Bromus diandrus has ashorter phenology period due to water availability,
accentuated by rising temperatures.; Dactylis glomerata begins flowering earlier; however, being a perennial grass, its phenological response to environmental changes is slower.

María José Tenor Ortiz1, Purificación
Alcázar1, Moisés Martínez-Bracero1,
Carmen García-Llamas1, Rocío LópezOrozco1, Thalía Morales1, Carmen Galán1
1 Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research,
University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Phenology is defined as the study of recurring biological events in the life cycle of plants, animals, and all
biological organisms, and their synchronization withchanges in weather and climate. Grasses are thegroup of plants that cause the most respiratory allergies in humans, described as the most importantcause of pollinosis in Europe due to the allergenicityof their pollen. This study focuses on observing how
the grass phenological stages have varied during2022 and 2023, in the surroundings of the city of Córdoba (Spain), in comparison to 2000-2021. The study

S.010. AFRICAN TAXONOMY: A
COLLABORATIVE EFFORT TOWARDSBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
P.0090 A preliminary
examination of diversity andevolution in an enigmatic
genus of woody plants Gymnanthemum Cass.
(Compositae)

With 1,500 species and 130 genera, Vernonieae is oneof the most species-rich tribes in the mega-diverse
Compositae family. Vernonieae is often referred toas the “evil tribe” due to its large size and cosmopolitan distribution. In addition, a combination of overly
general diagnostic characters has complicated efforts to resolve relationships among subtribes anddelimit genera. In the Gymnantheminae subtribe, thiscomplexity is illustrated by a particular genus Gymnanthemum. The genus spans much of the (sub-)tropics in the Eastern Hemisphere particularly in
Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot, where approximately half of its species thrive. Gymnanthemum isrecognized based on only a few generalized characters such as being a shrub or tree habit and having phyllaries with broad and smooth shields. However, this description has led to confusion regarding
the circumscription of species within this genus. Ourpresent research combines molecular phylogenet-

Mihajamalala A. Andriamanohera1,2,
Benoit Loeuille3, Higor AntonioDomingues3, Ana R. G. Simões3, Isabel
Larridon3, Morgan R. Gostel1
1 Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth,USA. 2 University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington,
USA. 3 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.

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ic inference, comparative morphology, and careful
study of herbarium vouchers to clarify the distinction between Gymnanthemum and other genera
in Vernonieae. Our preliminary results indicate that
Gymnanthemum, as currently circumscribed, is notmonophyletic, which emphasize the need for an
integrative taxonomic approach to distinguish thistaxon and identify more useful diagnostic characters. Beyond the impact of our work on advancing
the systematic knowledge of Gymnanthemum, thisresearch will also address broader questions regarding the biogeography and evolution of plant
diversity in tropical Africa and Madagascar. Ourfindings will also contribute to the effective dissemination of taxonomic knowledge through the Global
Compositae Database, an innovative public repository managed by the International Compositae Alliance (TICA), which is recognized by the World Flora
Online as a Taxonomic Expert Network.

with the presence of alien species in the terrestrial
habitats under study. This finding stands in contrast
to previously reported results concerning the abundance of alien species in Mediterranean islands.
However, our investigation did reveal the influenceof growth forms, with phanerophytes notably absent
from agricultural environments, and chamaephytes
and hydrophytes overrepresented in seminaturaland agricultural habitats, respectively. In contrast,
therophytes, geophytes, and hemicryptophytes
were present consistently across all habitats. These
results suggest that environmental constraints are
more relevant than dispersal constraints in explaining the presence of naturalized alien plant species inparticular habitats.

P.0092 Distribution of thealien flora of Sardinia (Italy)
across habitat types

P.0091 Assessing the
distribution of naturalizedalien plant species on
different habitats insouthern Spain

Giuseppe Brundu1,2, Flavio Marzialetti1,2,
Vanessa Lozano1,2
1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Sassari, Sassari, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future
Center, Palermo, Italy.
To date, the alien flora of the island of Sardinia (Italy – 24,090 km2) lists 640 alien species (348 casual,
215 naturalized, and 77 invasive) over a total flora ofca. 2700 taxa (Portal to the Flora of Italy. Available
at http:/dryades.units.it/floritaly). Based on expert
knowledge and on the available scientific literature, we assessed the distribution of the alien plant
species across 15 main habitat types, according to
the categorization proposed by Pyšek et al. 2022
(in Preslia 94: 447–577) (i.e., Natural forest, Plantation forest, Open forest, Scrub, Natural grassland,
Human-mantained grassland, Sandy, Rocky, Dryland, Saline, Riparian, Wetland, Aquatic, Ruderal, andAgricultural). We added the class Plantation forest(with alien trees) due to the importance of this typeof land-use in Sardinia both for its extension and forbeing a place where naturalization commonly takes
place. Additionally, we used the University of Sassari Department of Agricultural Sciences database on
invasive alien plants in Sardinia (Brundu et al. 2003
– In: Plant Invasions, Backhuys Publ.) which holds occurrences collected by GPS in the field (since 2000,
and periodically verified for their persistence) and
it is made up by ca. 20,000 occurrences, to assessthrough GIS analysis the distribution across the habitat types of the Sardinia Nature Map (Camarda etDiana Zugasti-Hervás1, Yoel ArocaMartínez1, Marcos Moreno-Rabadán1,
María D. Jiménez1, Juan A. Delgado1
1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain.
Plants’ dispersal ability is mainly determined by themorphology of their generative dispersal units (alsoknown as diaspores or propagules) and is crucial
for both: the spread of plant species to new habitats
and regions, and 2) the regulation of plant coexistence through processes of colonization. Anotherkey plant trait is the growth form (sensu Raukianen),since it reflects plant adaptation to deal with climatic conditions, especially extreme conditions such as
frost and drought. In this study, we use both dispersal ability and growth forms to assess the presenceof 66 naturalized alien plant species in terrestrial
habitats in Andalucía (Spain). We hypothesize thatalien species in different habitat types will present
predominant life forms, responding to microclimatic differences, and exhibit different dispersal syndromes due to varying colonization opportunities.
Contrary to our initial predictions, we found that dispersal modes did not exhibit a significant correlation

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Poster presentationsal., 2011 - ISPRA, 222/2015). This Nature Map uses the
CORINE Biotopes and HD legends (with a total number of 93 habitat types). As a result, we present here
the first preliminary assessment of habitat preferences for the alien flora of Sardinia. While casualand naturalized species are mostly found in ruderal
habitats and, to a lesser extent, in agricultural habitats, invasive alien species are found in larger arrayof habitats, spanning over all the 15 main categories
considered in the present study. Research fundedby the European Union, NextGenerationEU.

semiquantitative measure of abundance using the
DAFOR method (Dominant, Abundant, Frequent, Occasional, and Rare levels). In general, we found 120
alien species throughout the entire study system,
distributed across different habitats and geographic locations. Number of introduced species washigher in coastal areas, crops, and torrents. From ageographic perspective, sites close to urban areas
exhibited more species or higher abundances thansites surrounded by natural areas. Interestingly, we
identified 12 new alien species for the island, someof them with potentially invasive behavior. This study
emphasizes the importance of monitoring andstudying the patterns of introduction and their relationship with ecological and geographical ranges.
Consequently, this study will provide information to
guide management actions, especially valuable inareas like Biosphere Reserves where the conservation of biodiversity is of utmost priority.

P.0093 Status of the
distribution, ecology anddiversity of alien flora in theisland of Menorca – Reserveof Biosphere

P.0094 On the presenceof Cactaceae species
naturalized in the
Mediterranean: challenges
on recording effort andplant identification

Miquel Capó1, Joshua Borràs2, Pere
Fraga3, Juan Rita2, Joana Cursach2
1 Plant & Animal Ecology Lab. Centro para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad y el Desarrollo
Sostenible. Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos
Naturales. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Research Group of Plant Biology under
Mediterranean Conditions. Departament de Biologia. Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma, Spain. 3
Jardí Botànic de Marimurta. Fundació Carl Faust.
Blanes, Spain.

Marcello Dante Cerrato1,3, Iván CortésFernández1, Pere M. Mir-Rosselló1.3, Carles
Cardona1,2, Lorenzo Gil1

Mediterranean ecosystems are among the mostvulnerable to biological invasions, with the alien
flora and fauna experiencing exponential growth
in recent decades. This impact is particularly detrimental on islands, where the introduction of alien
species can severely affect native plant species
and the overall functioning of the ecosystem. As it
is well-known, the establishment of these species is
not homogeneous and depends on the habitat suitability of each species. In this study, we evaluatedthe current status of plant alien species on Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean Basin),
considering that the entire island is managed underBiosphere Reserve criteria. Specifically, we focusedon the link between alien species and: (1) habitat
specificity, (2) land uses, and (3) geographic distribution. We divided the island into 11 grids of 10×10
km2 each and explored eight habitats in each ofthem: dunes, rocky coastline, wetlands, shrublands,
cliffs, crops, roadside, and torrents. For each grid, we
visited three different sites per habitat and compiled the floristic inventory of alien species, adding a

1 Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of
Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma,
Spain. 2 Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Institut Balear de la Natura, Palma, Spain. 3 ResearchGroup On Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de lesIlles Balears-Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute, Palma, Spain.
Plant introductions are a pressing environmental
concern, with some families showing traits for rapid adaptability. Among these families, Cactaceae
stands out in the Mediterranean area for its substantial establishment and flourishing. Over recent
decades, there has been a significant surge in thepresence of Cactaceae, both in the number of recorded species and their distribution across thearea. This study systematically gathers information
on Cactaceae species through diverse sources, including online databases, manuscripts, and citizen
science data (such as iNaturalist). A list of species
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is compiled. The findings reveal 78 recorded taxa,
although this number remains contentious due tothe high taxonomical complexity, particularly within
genera like Opuntia, Cylindropuntia and Echinopsis
s.l. The prevalence of recorded species is notably
higher in western Mediterranean areas, particularly Catalonia and Valencia, followed by neighboring
regions like the BalearicIslands, Sicily, and mainland
Italy. Moderate occurrences are observed in western North African and central Mediterranean regions
around the Adriatic Sea, while eastern Mediterranean regions, including the Middle East and Egypt,exhibit less records. Opuntia, Cylindropuntia, and theEchinopsis complex can be considered the generawith higher species richness. However, distribution
among regions is higher for Opuntia (O. ficus-indica and O. stricta), Cylindropuntia (C. imbricata) and Austrocylindropuntia (A. subulata), leaving
cactoideae taxa confined to few or only one region.
Literature comprehensively describes Cactaceae
in the Western-Mediterranean, while platforms likeiNaturalist prove relevant to assess their presencein central and eastern Mediterranean regions. Furthermore, iNaturalist challenges existing taxonomical knowledge by hinting at the potential existenceof cryptic species that require thorough taxonomic
evaluation. Cactaceae in the Mediterranean represents a complex instance of plant introduction,necessitating further investigation, enhanced identification tools, and field data to better comprehend
its invasion dynamics.

floras in natural areas of urban landscapes provides
interesting information about this problematic. The
aim of this study is to identify the abundance anddistribution of a city’s alien flora to analyse the distribution patterns and to model dispersion dynamics.
Girona, a city surrounded by natural areas dominated by Mediterranean vegetation and crossed byrivers, is taken as the study case. A high-resolution
cartography of alien flora has been produced, sampling and georeferencing it over all the urban landscape and the natural areas of its surroundings. The
results show that 160 species have been identified innatural conditions and some of them are first presence at regional scale, also a considerable percentage are considered invasive. The distribution of alien
flora shows a pattern related to the proximity of urban areas and a hotspot at river ecosystems, identifying these types of areas as more susceptible toplant invasions. Instead, Mediterranean vegetationis less affected by alien plants as there are no available niches and perturbations do not create the optimal conditions for colonization, although urbanizations and isolated houses with gardens are a clear
source of them. The results prove the importance offilling the gaps on urban landscapes because are
the main source of alien plants spread. To conclude,
since the first stages of invasion are important forsuccessful alien species management, urban landscapes need to be studied and catalogued.

P.0096 Occurrence ofAristolochia baetica(Aristolochiaceae) on thesouthern Croatian island, NE
Mediterranean

P.0095 The importance of
cities as source of alien
species to filling the gaps ofknowledge

Katija Dolina1, Kristina Ćurčija2

Fiona Corominas1, Lluís Vilar1,2, Jordi Bou1,2

1 Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia. 2 Public institution Lokrum reserve, Dubrovnik, Croatia.

1 LAGP, Institute of the Environment, University ofGirona, Girona, Spain. 2 BioLand – Biodiversity andlandscape research group, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.

Aristolochia L. (Aristolochiaceae) is a species rich genus with 540 accepted species distributed throughout
the world, mainly in tropical-subtropical regions. In
the Euro-Mediterranean region, 46 Aristolochia species and five subspecies have been listed. In Croatia,
the genus Aristolochia is represented by four species: Aristolochia clematitis L., A. lutea Desf., A. pallida
Willd. and A. rotunda L. The occurrence of A. baetica
L., a species native to Algeria, Morocco, Portugal andSpain, is reported and documented here for the firsttime for Croatia. In spring 2022, A. baetica was record-

Alien flora is one of the most important elements ofthe biodiversity crisis and the threat that represents
could increase considerably due to the globalchange. Consequently, knowing it’s distribution andabundance plays a key role on environmental managing for preserving native flora. Urban landscapes
are an important origin source of alien flora, as gardens are considered one of the most commune
cause on introduction. Therefore, cataloguing alien

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ed for the first time in the southern part of the country on the small island of Lokrum (72 ha), which is anature reserve and part of the Natura 2000 ecologicalnetwork. This evergreen perennial vine is represented
by a small population consisting of three individuals
twining their branches around the Pistacia lentiscus L
tree. The species was found on calcareous soil at analtitude of 5 metres a.s.l., alongside a path in a clearing with Quercus ilex L. and evergreen maquis, whichis occasionally maintained by mowing. The following
species were found at this site: Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea
latifolia L., Viburnum tinus L., Vinca major L. etc. Prior tothis study, A. baetica had not been found in Croatia
or in neighbouring countries. The pathways of introduction of the species to the island are still unclear.
It is likely that the appearance of A. baetica is due tohuman influence. We believe that the discovery of A.
baetica in Croatia contributes to the knowledge about
the chorology and ecology of the species in European
countries. Further observations are needed to find out
whether the climatic and other ecological conditions
are suitable for the spread of the plant and what impact the species might have on local biodiversity.

logue of the alien flora of this region (including any
update of the distributional range on the alreadycatalogued species). Over 1400 alien species havebeen observed in the studied area, confirming thisregion as one of the main invasion hotspots in Europe. The highest richness of alien plants is foundin coastal and nearby areas, especially in places
with a high concentration of human population.
Neophytes (species introduced between 1500 and1970) and recent neophytes (post-1970) predominate (with close percentages), while archaeophytes(pre-1500) are in the minority. Our study confirmsthat plants intended for cultivation in gardens are
the primary cause of introductions of alien species
in Europe in recent decades.

P.0099 A taxonomic revisionof Hydnora (Hydnoraceae):
a poorly known genus ofholoparasitic plants
Sebastian A. Hatt1,6, Chris Thorogood2,3,
Jay F. Bolin4, Lytton J. Musselman5,
Duncan D. Cameron6, Olwen M. Grace7

P.0097 Casual, naturalized,
and invasive alien flora ineastern and north-eastern
Iberian Peninsula and theBalearic Islands

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 3 University of Oxford Botanic Garden andArboretum, Oxford, UK. 4 Department of Biology,
Catawba College, Salisbury, USA. 5 Department of
Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA. 6 Department of Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
7 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Carlos Gómez-Bellver1, Neus Ibáñez1, Neus
Nualart1, Jordi López-Pujol1

Hydnora (Hydnoraceae) is a poorly known genus
of holoparasitic plants distributed across Africa,
Madagascar and southern Arabia. Species of Hydnora are characterised by their underground habit, unusual fleshy flowers and complete absence ofleaves or photosynthetic tissue. Here, we present a
poster summarising our taxonomic monograph of
Hydnora: the first detailed monograph of the genus since 1935. Our monograph provides detailed
descriptions, full synonymy, distribution maps anddiscussion concerning confusable taxa for eachspecies, along with notes on ethnobotany, ecology
and conservation. We place particular emphasis on
the taxonomic value of osmophore geometry andpositioning in living and dried material, which areconsistent within species. We also provide the firstdetailed assessment of host range across the genus. Hydnora hanningtonii Rendle and H. solmsiana
Dinter are reinstated from synonymy, and H. bolinii

1 Botanic Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Biological invasions are considered one of the maincauses of planetary biodiversity loss. In the caseof plants, they are primarily a consequence of anthropogenic activities, with main causes being thetransportation of people and goods, the importation of plants or seeds, the disposal of garden waste,
and the contamination of seeds of agricultural interest. Given the significance of this phenomenon,a PhD dissertation focused on all alien plants (casual, naturalized, or invasive) distributed in the northand north-east of the Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia
and Valencia) and the Balearic Islands was recently(2023) completed. As a result, a catalog with updated and detailed information—up to the year 2020—
on these species and their main characteristics wascompiled, along with distribution maps. Taking advantage of this forum we have updated the cata-66

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Hattis newly described here. The infrageneric classification is reviewed and a key is provided for bothliving and dried material. Species are accompanied
by both illustrations and photographs of living anddried material where possible.

on taxonomy, life-form, lifespan, biogeography,
first year record, and spatial-temporal distribution.
Among the total taxa, 50% (582) were cultivated (i.e.,
not having any record of them as escaping from
cultivation), 43% (502) were growing spontaneously,
and 8% (n = 92) had an unknown status. The families
with the highest number of non-native taxa growing
spontaneously were Poaceae (17%, n = 83), Asteraceae (10%, n = 49), and Fabaceae (8%, n = 41). Mostof non-native plant taxa in the wild (69%; n = 346)
originated from Asia or/and Africa. Although the firstrecord of a non-native wild plant in Ecuador was in
1799, the number of taxa introductions increased
exponentially since 1915. The biogeographical region with the majority of taxa (87%, n = 435) was
the Andes. We found reported uses in continental
Ecuador for 73% (n = 367) of non-native taxa that
occur in the wild; among these, the most frequent
were ornamental (39%, n = 196), medical (34%, n =170), and food crop (21%, n = 107) uses, which should
be regarded as the main pathways of (intentional)
introduction. Our results provide valuable insights forearly detection, prioritization, and management of
non-natives vascular plants present in continental
Ecuador.

P.0100 Checklist of the nonnative vascular flora ofcontinental Ecuador
Ileana Herrera1,2, Anahí Vargas1, Kimberly
Rizzo1, Zhofre Aguirre3, Felipe Espinoza De
Janon4, Brunny Espinoza-Amén5, Andrés
Espinoza-Maticurena1,6, Efraín Freire2,
Kevin Panchana1, Verónica Sandoya7,
Katya Romoleroux8, Carmen Ulloa Ulloa9,
Nora H. Oleas10, Isabella Dillon1, Alejandra
Moscoso-Estrella11, Carlos GómezBellver12, Vanessa Lozano13,14, SebastiánPardo3, Isabela Vieira1, Jordi López-Pujol1,12
1 Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Espíritu
Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador. 2 Instituto Nacionalde Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador. 3 Herbario Reinaldo Espinosa, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador. 4 School of Biological Sciences, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 5 Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Department of Biology, Brussels, Belgium. 6 Fundación para la Conservación e Investigación JaPu,
Guayaquil, Ecuador. 7 School of Biological Sciencesand Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí,
Ecuador. 8 Herbario QCA, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. 9 Missouri Botanical Garden, St.
Louis, USA. 10 Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador. 11 Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador. 12 Institut
Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-CMCNB), Barcelona, Spain. 13 Department of Agricultural Sciences,
University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. 14 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.

P.0101 Ecological andmorphometric study of thegenus Carpobrotus in theWestern Mediterranean
Basin
Eduard López-Guillen1, Joan Pere
Pascual-Díaz1,2, Laura Valenzuela1, Daniel
Vitales1, Sònia Garcia1, Neus Nualart1, Jordi
López-Pujol1
1 Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-CMCNB),
Barcelona, Spain. 2 Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.

Inventorying non-native species in continental Ecuador is still in its infancy. The only attempt to date toproduce a list of non-native species for continental
Ecuador is the one published on the Global Registerof Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) database,reporting 577 species of vascular plants. Therefore,
the aim of this study is to provide an up-to-date inventory of the non-native vascular flora of continental Ecuador. Our list reported 1,176 non-native plant
species in continental Ecuador which nearly doubles
the number of taxa of non-native plants previously reported. This list was complemented with data

The genus Carpobrotus N.E.Br. has more than a dozen species that are native to the Southern Hemisphere, mainly, Southern Africa. However, some ofthese species have naturalized outside their native range as a result of being used as ornamental
plants, as well as for stabilization of coastal dunes.
The genus has become invasive all across the Mediterranean Basin, posing a great threat to biodiversity. As of today, as there are three species within

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this genus that are considered invasive (C. chilensis, C. edulis and C. acinaciformis), which are known
to produce hybrid forms and result in a taxonomic
complex that is hard to tell apart from the parental forms. Therefore, the taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Carpobrotus remains unclear andunder discussion. The populations of the Western
Mediterranean Basin were initially assigned to Carpobrotus edulis for most of the cases, however mostrecent studies suggest that they could belong to different species and, probably, to the hybrid forms between them. In this study we analyzed various morphological characteristics of the reproductive andvegetative organs from over 30 populations stretching from southern Spain to southern Italy. We also
extracted the bioclimatic variables from a muchwider set of populations (nearly 400) from the samegeographic area. These data were used in order to:(i) test whether different entities can be identified
based on morphometric characters, (ii) describe
entities based on these characteristics and (iii) see
if there are differences in their ecological niche ofdifferent morphotypes.

their impacts is necessary for managing invasive
species. The main aim is to present the first list of
candidate invasive non-native plant species thatshould be prioritized for their management basedon their highest potential threat to biodiversity incontinental Ecuador and develop a simple and replicable methodology to select these species. It is expected that one of the most important results will
be to present the first list of priority emergent invasive non-native plants that can be the cornerstoneof the National List of Invasive Plants of Continental
Ecuador for which early management actions suchas eradication are still feasible. By establishing awell-defined prioritization process, Ecuador can efficiently allocate resources and implement targetedmanagement strategies to address the most urgent
threats posed by non-native plants. This proactive
approach is essential for minimizing the ecological,
economic, and social impacts associated with invasive species.

P.0103 Woody plant
diversity in a 15-ha forest
dynamics monitoring plot
in Ankarafantsika National
Park, NW Madagascar

P.0102 Prioritizing invasive
non-native plants throughexpert-based decisions
across continental Ecuador
Vanessa Lozano1,2, Jordi López Pujol3,
Ileana Herrera4,5

Wataru Noyori1, Yutaro Fujimoto1, Sato
Hiroki2, Shuichiro Tagane3, Rabarison
Harison4, Kaoru Kitajima1

1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Sassari, Sassari, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future
Center, Palermo, Italy. 3 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-CMCNB), Barcelona, Spain. 4 Escuelade Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador. 5 Instituto Nacional de
Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador.

1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Japan. 2 Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
3 The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima
University, Kagoshima, Japan. 4 Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo Madagascar.

An up-to-date list of invasive non-native species isa fundamental tool supporting prevention and control. It forms the basis for informed decision-making, resource optimization, and collaborative efforts
across various sectors and geographic boundaries. In Ecuador different projects have involved theleading of scientific societies drawing up a list of theinvasive non-native species found in the continental part of the country (i.e., excluding the Galapagos
Islands) and mostly in protected areas that need
to be stringently controlled, developing important
approaches for biodiversity conservation. However,engaging with local communities and stakeholders to gather information on non-native plants andMadagascar, famous for rich flora with extremely
high levels of endemism, is facing a rapid and widespread loss of natural forests and other floristicallyrich habitats. We have a conducted quantitative floristic survey of Ankarafantsika National Park, whichcurrently holds the largest area of natural forests
within the seasonally dry forest biome in NW Madagascar. We set up a 15 ha (300 m x 500 m) plot
on gentle hills (150-190 m ASL) covered with a thicklayer of coarse white sand (Jardin Botanic A). We
mapped, measured for diameter, and identified to
species or genus all trees exceeding 5 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH) within the 15 ha plot, as
well as those above 1 cm DBH in the central 200 m

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by 300 m area. These data were supplemented by atransect survey of 5 m x 100 m in nearby areas within
which all vascular plants were recorded. A photographic guide of JBA flora is prepared, with a set ofvoucher specimens deposited to the herbarium of
the University of Antananarivo. We enumerated ca.
130,000 woody stems within the 15 ha, which encompassed 60 families with ca. 130 genera. The 15-haplot on extremely infertile sandy soil trees consistedof a dense stand of relatively small trees, mostly lessthan 15 m and diameter of 20 cm. Evergreen trees
and lianas were dominant, despite the prolonged
dry season (April – November), perhaps because
evergreen leaf habits are linked to nutrient conservation strategies. The most diverse families were
Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, and Apocynaceae, while
Oleaceae, Putranjivaceae, and Rubiaceae emerged
as dominant families. These botanical and ecological data contribute to a better understanding of
how this forest has maintained a biologically diverse
community on the extremely infertile soil, as well as
to designing strategies for its effective conservation.

factors linked to the particular features of these plants.
The family is much more diverse in Africa (86 spp.)
than in America (20 spp.), as well as just moderately less than in Asia and Pacific (117 spp.), which could
contravene the consideration of Africa as the “oddman out” for species diversity in the tropics. Hardly
sampled in molecular phylogenies published to date,
we currently perform the first phylogenomic study focused on these plants, which is aimed to clarify theirsystematics, as well as to reconstruct their enigmaticbiogeographical history. Since 2020 we have alreadypublished 7 new African species, and we now complete the family treatment for Flore d’Afrique Centrale
and an updated world checklist that is to be used asa taxonomic backbone for the WFO Plant List. Likewise, we have already published IUCN Assessments
for 11 species and plan to assess in the near future thewhole African species set with our eye on the conservation of this fascinating group of plants.

P.0105 Expansion of the
network of migrationroutes for invasive alienplant species on the
Balkan Peninsula and thePannonian Plain

P.0104 Taxonomy
and Phylogenomics:
modern classification
and biogeography of
the Putranjivaceae(Malpighiales)

Milica Rat1, Bojana Bokić1, Boris Radak1,
Dubravka Milić1, Goran Anačkov1
1 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia.

Alejandro Quintanar1, Irene Villa-Machío2,
Patricia Barberá2, David J. Harris3

Invasive species changed the perspective of nature
conservation in the 20th century. Man-made habitats were the first to be colonised and human healthwas seriously affected by invasive alien species. Towards the end of the last century, it was clear thatmany species were already naturalised and that itwas not possible to take measures to control them.
However, as the introduction of new species was
not yet complete, sustainable measures needed tobe taken to prevent future introductions. One of the
proposed measures was the definition of introduction pathways for invasive species. For this reason,an ongoing study was developed in Serbia to identify and continuously monitor terrestrial introduction
pathways for invasive plant species. At the beginning of the study, the most important habitat types
affected by invasive plants were identified. The next
step was to identify the locations where invasiveplants had already been discovered. Based on this1 Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid CSIC, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, USA
3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
We present an overview of the current status and results of our studies in the family Putranjivaceae (Malpighiales). It includes dioecious evergreen trees fromtropical and subtropical territories of the World thatfrequently inhabit evergreen moist forests with highrainfall regimes, where they are especially diverse andconsidered indicators of their conservation status, butalso extend into monsoon or semi-evergreen seasonally dry forests. The Putranjivaceae are distributed between two genera, Putranjiva Wall. (4 spp.), from southand southeast Asia, and the pantropical ironplums’
genus Drypetes (219 spp.). Drypetes is especially wellknown because of the difficulties found by naturalists
to properly identify its species, mostly due to the lackof a global taxonomic revision for a century, and to69

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data, the field research study was then launched.
The field research focused on two points: 1) transport routes and 2) areas with preserved natural
habitats. The results showed that these two groups
are colonised by different invasive plants and thatthe migration routes, even those in the initial stages, are found in protected areas. For this reason, theknown migration routes were used as a precursor
for predictive modelling that identifies 1) new routes
not covered by our study and 2) expected changes
in the future. This information will be a valuable resource for the development of a sustainable management programme for invasive plants in Serbia
and the wider region of the Pannonian Plain and theBalkan Peninsula. It is expected that the results willcomplement the measures implemented in neighbouring EU countries and that the proportion of new
introductions can be minimised through a developed early warning system.

promote social awareness and detection through theiNaturalist app, as well as coordination among public
administrations. The obtained data will be compiledin the Integrated Information System of the Directorate-General of Biodiversity, Forests, and Desertification of MITECO, centralizing the generated knowledge.
Preliminary results highlight the potential of adopting
various innovative techniques to address the issue.
The app used for samplings allowed a comfortable,
traceable, and efficient real-time data collection process. Species suitable for remote sensing monitoring
were identified and the foundation for their long-termmonitoring was stablished. InvaPlant initiative gathered large-scale data thanks to citizen involvement.
The combination of innovative monitoring techniques,information sources, and collaboration among public
administrations is an effective approach to improveunderstanding of invasive alien flora. The collected information will contribute to meet legal commitments
and will be use to design new strategies for biodiversity conservation in Spain.

P.0106 Improvement ofknowledge about invasive
alien flora in Spain: acomprehensive andinnovative approach

P.0107 Updated list of
Bryophytes from Cape
Verde Archipelago
Manuela Sim-Sim1,2, Anabela Martins1,
César Augusto Garcia1

Sara Santamarina , Adrián García
Rodríguez1, Jorge Miguel Isabel Rufo1,
Carmela Capistrós Bitrián1, Marta Viu
Cuerda2, Noelia Vallejo Pedregal2
1

1 Department of Natural Environment, TRAGSATEC,
Madrid, Spain. 2 Directorate-General of Biodiversity,
Forests, and Desertification, Ministry for EcologicalTransition and the Demographic Challenge, Madrid, Spain.

1 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental
Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal,
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa,
Lisboa, Portugal. 2 Centre for Ecology, Evolution
and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute /MUHNAC Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência,
Lisboa, Portugal.

Invasive alien species presents a threat to biodiversity
conservation. To confront this challenge, the Ministry for
Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challengeof Spain (MITECO) initiated in 2022 an innovative project to learn about the current status, distribution andtrends of invasive exotic flora species in the national
territory. Target species include flora taxa from the
Spanish Catalog of Invasive Exotic Species (Royal Decree 630/2013) and those from the List of Invasive Alien
Species of Union Concern (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141) detected in Spain. The
innovative methodology involves conducting samplings using a mobile application for data collection,
the development of a pilot project for remote sensing
monitoring, the citizen science initiative InvaPlant to

In Europe, the Macaronesian archipelagos stand out asa hotspot of biodiversity with high numbers of endemic
plant species. The early land plant lineages comprised
as bryophytes (liverworts, mosses, and hornworts) diversified less than vascular plants in Macaronesia, but
especially the northern Macaronesian archipelagos(Azores, Canaries, Madeira) still harbour a high bryophyte diversity that plays a vital role in ecosystem
functioning. The southern Macaronesian Cape Verdearchipelago harbours a high botanical diversity as
well. Although Laurisilva vegetation is absent, the Cape
Verde islands provide an important refuge for vascular plants and bryophytes, particularly communities
at higher elevations. Furthermore, Cape Verde stands
out due to its mixture of representatives of Afrotropical,

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Neotropical, Mediterranean and Asian elements. The
most recent studies on the vegetation of Cape Verdehighlight the coexistence between Macaronesian andMediterranean ﬂoristic elements, and African tropicalcontinental ﬂora. The aim of the present study was to
update the list of the bryophytes from Cabo Verde (Patiño & González-Mancebo 2005) based on thoroughly
investigating species records, and the regional distribution by island using previous publications, herbarium
collections, and field observations by our group between 2016 and 2019. Presently, there are 187 known taxa
of bryophytes in Cape Verde, including five subspecies
and seven varieties, totaling 49 liverworts (including
two hornworts) and 138 mosses. This corresponds to 94
genera (25 liverworts and 69 mosses) and 45 families(18 liverworts and 27 mosses). The moss families withthe highest number of taxa are Pottiaceae, Bryaceae,
Brachytheciaceae, Fissidentaceae, and Bartramiaceae. Regarding liverworts, notable families include Ricciaceae, Lejeuneaceae, and Frullaniaceae. Additionally, the islands with the highest number of taxa in Cape
Verde are Santo Antão, Fogo, and São Nicolau.

cially morphologically diverse in Madagascar, where
several endemic taxa have been defined, including
terrestrial/epilithic forms with short-creeping rhizomes.
Another interesting taxon is L. attenuatum, a species
widely distributed throughout the southeastern continental regions that is morphologically very variableand probably hides cryptic diversity. We carried out ataxonomic revision based on morphological characters observed mostly on herbarium materials, as well
as a molecular phylogenetic study using three plastid
markers (rps4, trnL-trnF and rbcL). Thanks to this evolutionary framework, we addressed the biogeographic
history of the genus, as well as the anatomical transition from the hemi-epiphytic to the terrestrial habitthat has taken place in this fern genus. We found synapomorphies that support the subordination of theterrestrial taxa with short rhizomes in Lomaridium: L.
attenuatum var. giganteum, L. bonapartei and L. xiphophyllum. These species have transitioned towards aterrestrial habit, and some characters changed alongwith this transition, such as the presence/absence of
projections on the rhizome scales margins, or the papillose vs. smooth frond axes. The phylogenetic study
explains certain morphological divergences within L.
attenuatum, which would correspond to different taxonomic entities. Finally, we propose four new combinations and describe a new species in Lomaridium.

References: Patiño Llorente, J., & González-Mancebo,J. M. (2005). División Bryophyta. Lista preliminar deespecies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas
y animales terrestres), 34-37.

P.0108 The genus
Lomaridium (Blechnaceae,
Polypodiopsida) in the
African continent

P.0109 Moss genera
Pelekium and Thuidium in
sub-Saharan Africa
Adéla Zámečníková1, Vítězslav Plášek ,2Rubén Vázquez , Lucie Bauret , Germinal
Rouhan2, Manuel Pimentel Pereira3
12

1 Department of Biology and Ecology, University ofOstrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. 2 Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.

1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles,
Paris, France. 3 Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña,
Spain.

Between 1962 and 1978, Stanisław Lisowski collected a significant amount of material in sub-Saharan Africa. These herbarium specimens are housed
in KRAM (Poland). Currently, the identification andtaxonomic revision of these specimens within thegenera Pelekium and Thuidium is in progress. Initial results from evaluating the ecological requirements of these species are presented. The studied
species grow in central Africa, in forests with humid
to semi-arid climates, at altitudes of up to 3,700 m
above sea level. They primarily occur on soil in limestone rocky areas. Given the morphological similarities between the taxa of both genera, we present
the main identifying characteristics that are stable
and applicable for the practical determination of individual species.

Lomaridium C. Presl, a genus in the leptosporangiate
fern family Blechnaceae Newman, includes around15-20 species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions from two main diversity centres, theNeotropics and Africa-Madagascar. They are characterised by their long-creeping rhizomes covered bydenticulate scales and by their dimorphic fronds andhemi-epiphytic habit. Although the genus is well defined morphologically and phylogenetically, speciesdelimitation remains controversial, and a taxonomic
revision is warranted. African species of Lomaridium
are poorly known and barely represented in the phylogenies implemented to date. Lomaridium is espe-

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S.011. ALPINE PLANT ECOLOGY AND DIVERSITY:
FROM SPECIES TO ECOSYSTEMS.
P.0110 Effects of shrub
encroachment on soil
properties and microbialcommunities in alpine
mountainstraits on these parameters. We also found clear differences in leaf functional traits along the canopy
for both species, with more conservative leaves atthe periphery than the interior. The soil microbialcommunity had a lower affinity for C substrates in
the interior than in the exterior of DO canopies, anda larger amount of active microbial biomass in theinterior than the periphery of EH. The effects foundat individual scale mirror those found in studies atcommunity and ecosystem scale, indicating thatshrub individuals have the ability to modify the soil
and its microbial communities from early stages ofencroachment.

Alba Anadon-Rosell1,2, Núria Roca3, Laura
Escarmena3, Marc Sánchez-Vega3,
Enrique Navarro4, Rebecca Boden5,Frederik Märker2, Estela Illa3,6
1 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. 2 Instituteof Botany and Landscape Ecology, University ofGreifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 3 Departamentde Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals. Facultat de Biologia. Universitat de Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain. 4. IPE-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain. 5
Fakultät für Umwelt & Natürliche Ressourcen, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 6. Institut deRecerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat deBarcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

P.0111 Flavonoid
glycosylation in Rhodiolarosea (Crassulaceae)
shows evidence forhybridization of chemicallydistinct lineages

Woody plant encroachment is a process occurring at high elevation and high latitude ecosystems across the globe as a consequence of global change. While prior studies have addressed theimpacts of encroachment at community and ecosystem scale, little is known about the effects of individual shrubs, and how soil properties and communities change under shrub canopies. Our aim
was to determine the effect that individuals of twowidespread circumpolar dwarf shrub species, Dryas
octopetala (DO) and Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum (EH), have on the properties and themicrobial communities of the soil they colonise. In
the alpine mountains of Finse, Norway, we selectedfour individuals of each species and extracted soilcores at the interior, periphery and exterior of the
shrub canopy. We analysed soil physico-chemical
characteristics, and the affinity of the soil microbial community for C substrates. We also collectedshrub leaves, branches and rhizomes to measurefunctional traits and xylem growth rings. We founda decrease in C:N ratios from the interior to the exterior, but no clear patterns for soil pH, moisture or
nutrient availability. Although dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen did not differ between
positions, we found a significant effect of shrub leaf

Hyuga Hirano1, Koh Nakamura2, Masaaki
Ozeki3, Yoshinori Murai1,4
1 United Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. 2 Botanic Garden, Field Science Center
for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan. 3 Natural Environment Division, Nagano Environmental Conservation Research Institute,
Nagano, Japan. 4 Department of Botany, National
Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Japan.
Plants synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites to adapt to their environments. Flavonoids are
involved in adaptive mechanisms such as UV-protection in alpine environments, and they are mainly accumulated as glycosides in vacuoles. Flavonoids are glycosylated by UDP-glycosyltransferases(UGTs), and their sugar donor selectivity is specific to each enzyme. Differences in the genetic sequences encoding these UGTs have been used inmolecular phylogenetics to reveal the modificationof flavonoid glycosides and explain their phylogenetic relationships. Rhodiola rosea is a succulent
plant distributed in alpine and boreal areas of thenorthern hemisphere. In Japan, this plant is found in72

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harsh environments in geographically distant areas,
including coastal to alpine rocky areas in Hokkaido
and northern Honshu, and in alpine rocky areas in
the central Honshu. Differences in growth environments may indicate that they are different lineages or have different mechanisms of environmental
adaptation. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated their flavonoid glycosides and glycosylation
patterns. Leaf samples of R. rosea were collectedfrom 12 sites in Japan, and their chemical compositions were analyzed using various chromatographic
methods. In this result, herbacetin and gossypetin
were the basic skeletons of each flavonoids, but theflavonoid glycosylation patterns varied in different
regions. The major flavonoid glycosides were attached to glucose in all regions. However, in samples from northern Japan and the Northern Alps ofcentral Honshu, these glycosides were modified withglucuronic acid, while samples from Mt. Yatugatake and a part of the Southern Alps, both in central Honshu, were modified with xylose. Both glycosylation patterns were observed in samples from
Mt. Arakawadake in the Southern Alps. These results
suggest a phylogeographic scenario that two different lineages occur in Japan and have hybridizedin places where their distributions overlap, as well as
providing an important clue to reveal the complex
mutational mechanism of glycosyltransferases.

of individual species we conducted Indicator species analysis. We also calculated weighted Ellenberg’s indicator values for studied plots and studiedchanges in community qualities. Furthermore, we
divided our data into vascular plants, mosses, liverworts and lichens to see how different plant groups
respond to temporal and altitudinal changes. In total, 196 taxa were observed of which 38 were vascular plants and 158 cryptogams. We observed temporal vegetational changes in the composition ofplant assemblages. These changes were partly elevation-dependent. For example, the total numberof vascular plants increased during the study period
and the cover of liverworts increased. The changes
were species-specific and more than 10 percent of
the species showed a significant temporal change.
High latitude-high elevation plant communities areabout to reassemble into novel compositions ofbryophytes, lichens and vascular plants.

P.0113 Are mosses from subAntarctic areas affectedby the “ozone hole” moretolerant to ultraviolet-B
radiation?
Roy Mackenzie1,2, Gonzalo SorianoSancha3, Brenda Riquelme1,2, Laura
Monforte3, María Ángeles Del-CastilloAlonso3, Rafael Tomás-Las-Heras3, Javier
Martínez-Abaigar3, Encarnación NúñezOlivera3, Leonardo Pérez de Souza4,
Bernard Goffinet5, Liu Yang6

P.0112 Vegetation changes
at high-elevation highlatitude mountain
Inka Kuusisto1, Carlos Gonzales Inca2,
Sanna Huttunen3, Risto Virtanen4
1 Herbarium (TUR) and Kevo Subarctic Research
Station, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Finland.
2 Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, Finland. 3 Herbarium (TUR), Biodiversity
Unit, University of Turku, Finland. 4 Department of
Biology, University of Oulu, Finland.

1Universidad de Magallanes, Cape Horn International Center, Puerto Williams, Chile. 2 Millennium
Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic
Ecosystems, Santiago, Chile. 3 Universidad de La
Rioja, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Logroño,
Spain. 4 Department of Molecular Physiology, Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany. 5 Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology, University of Connecticut, Storr, USA. 6 Key
Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity,
Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.

High-latitude arctic environments have been
warming at unprecedented rates− and these may
have strong impacts on high-elevation cryptogam
assemblages with sparse vascular plant cover. Here
we investigate the changes in high latitude-highelevation cryptogam-vascular assemblages under 32 years by resurveying a transect study in2022, earlier surveyed in 1990 on Mt Ritničohkka, NW
Finnish Lapland. We used ordination methods withadonis to detect the possible temporal differences in community structures. To study the responses

The anthropogenic degradation of stratospheric ozone, the “ozone hole,” and the subsequent increase in ground-level ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-315nm) radiation, are particularly significant in Antarctica. Extensive research has been conducted inmosses in this continent, however, sub-Antarctic73

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land areas can also be affected by the ozone hole,
yet they remain surprisingly understudied. This is
the case of Navarino Island (Chile), located south ofTierra del Fuego, the southernmost peatland areas
globally. Our objective was to investigate the physiological, metabolomic, and genomic responses of
Polytrichum strictum Menzies ex Brid., an ecologically significant moss found in bog environments on
Navarino Island, to UV-B radiation under laboratory
conditions. We aimed to compare these responses
with those observed in populations of the moss fromother latitudes. Moss samples isolated from Navarino Island were cultivated in plates containing growth
medium and subjected to various UV-B treatments
using lamps and filters. We assessed both UV-B-induced damage and the physiological, metabolic,genetic, and structural protective mechanisms adopted by the moss using a combination of destructive and non-destructive techniques. These included
measuring chlorophyll fluorescence variables, gas
exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigments, aswell as non-destructive quantification of chlorophyll,
carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. Additionally, we analyzed the levels of methanol-soluble and-insoluble UV-absorbing compounds, which arepresumed to be located in different cell compartments and represent distinct forms of UV-B protection. Metabolomic analysis, specific phenolic compound profiling, assessment of oxidative damage,antioxidant capacity, DNA damage, transcriptomic
analysis including examination of specific genes involved in the phenolic pathway, sclerophylly index,
and growth parameters were also evaluated. Ourfindings will contribute to the understanding of the
UV-B tolerance of P. strictum and elucidate the UV-B
levels that trigger responses in this moss. This will aid
in assessing the tolerance caused by ozone holes
recorded in different years.

pine environments with low temperatures, high solar
radiation and short growing seasons. Additionally,
the complex alpine topography creates sharp temperature and snowmelt gradients that may modulate plant regeneration at fine scales. Here we explore seedling trait functionality by focusing on 12
alpine specialists of grassland communities above
1800 m a.s.l. in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain).
To capture regional variability, we studied six species from the two major climates represented in
the study area: Mediterranean and Temperate. We
also selected species with ecological preferencesin contrasting microclimatic conditions. Then, we
measured a set of traits including emergence andestablishment periods, above and belowgroundbiomass, and seed mass. A Principal Component
Analysis revealed consistent strategies across bothclimates varying in seed mass, shoot/root length
ratio and cotyledon width/length ratio. The general
gradient suggested a separation between acquisitive and conservative seedling strategies. Whenboth climates were analysed separately, we founddivergent trends. Trait variation in temperate species was mainly driven by relative growth rate, withspecies from colder and snow-persistent microclimatic conditions emerging and developing faster.
Trait variation in Mediterranean species was mainly
driven by radicle length, with species from warmer and less snowy sites having longer radicles. Our
study confirms that seedling traits in alpine ecosystems show functional variability along macroecological and microclimatic gradients.

P.0115 Species diversityof vascular plants on
periglacial moraines ofEastern Pamirs

P.0114 Seedling functional
traits along alpine
environmental gradients

Navruzshoev D1. Beknazarova Kh.A1
Pamir Botanical Garden, St. Kholdorov.1. Tajikistan,
Khorog.

T. Maroto Gimena1, C. Espinosa del Alba2,
E. Fernández-Pascual2, B. Jiménez-Alfaro2
1 University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. 2 IMIB - Biodiversity Research Institute, Mieres, Spain.
Seedling establishment is the most vulnerable stageof plant regeneration, but little is known about seedling functional traits and developmental strategies.
Seedling establishment is especially unknown in al-74

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P.0116 Plant conservation in
National Parks: vegetation
checklist, biogeography andprotected habitats (Sierrade las Nieves, Malaga,
Spain).

P.0117 Roles ofenvironmental andgeographic distances fromtaxonomic to functionalbeta diversity of vascularplants in Pyrenean mires

Andrés V. Pérez Latorre1, Federico
Casimiro-Soriguer1, Noelia HidalgoTriana1, Baltasar Cabezudo1

Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard1, Aaron PérezHaase1, Josep M. Ninot Sugrañes1

1 Botany area. University of Malaga. Malaga. Spain.

In the Central Pyrenees, mires occupy small areas
but contribute substantially to gamma diversity atlandscape scale. Plant communities in mires havebeen broadly studied through ordination methods.
Here we studied the contribution of beta diversity
components (total, replacement and abundance
differences) in 422 plots from 56 mire systems
in the Central Pyrenees. Besides taxonomic beta
diversity, we address phylogenetic and functional beta diversity. We analysed the entire plantcommunities –which implied over 250 species intotal– and then plant assemblages of mire specialists –103 species. We found high rates of total
taxonomic beta diversity, while phylogenetic andfunctional beta diversities were similarly lower.
This result points to strong environmental filtersthat foster different plant communities to sharephylogenetic plant relatives and similar ecological strategies. Beta diversity of specialist species
showed almost the same results, denoting similarbiogeographic patterns, but the abundance difference compartment was proportionally higher.
We then related beta diversity indices with geographic distances and local and landscape environmental variables, carrying out variance partitioning analyses. Against expectation, the locality
effect (i.e., the fact that two plots belonged to thesame mire system) explained about 24% of thetotal beta diversity variance, while environmental
variables and spatial distances showed secondary relevance for all beta diversity computations.
This fact reveals the importance of dynamic immigration and successful settling processes in
Pyrenean mires, which are characterized by constrained connectivity through landscape. There,
the establishment of new species would be limited by niche occupancy by species with similar
characteristics.

1 University of Barcelona and IRBio, Barcelona, Spain.

A study of the plant communities that develop in
the state protected natural area “Parque Nacional de la Sierra de las Nieves” (Andalusia, Spain)
has been carried out. It is a very environmentally diverse area, with numerous and contrasting
lithological types, mediterranean macro-bioclimate and 4 thermotypes, from thermo-mediterranean (150 m) to oro-mediterranean (1919 m).
The park is included in three very different biogeographical sectors (Rondeño: dolomites/limestones, Bermejense: peridotites, Aljibico: siliceous
substrates) belonging to the Western Mediterranean subregion and main refuge of Abies pinsapo among other endemic and relict species.
The study was carried out using the updated
phytosociological method, with inventories taken
mainly during the years 2017-2023 and complemented with previous data (1996-1998). The syntaxonomic catalogue consists of 35 phytosociological classes, the richest in syntaxa being theclasses Quercetea ilicis with 17 and Tuberarietea
with 10, of which those of new description andnovelties for the study area are highlighted. In thebiogeographic aspect, the phytocoenological diversity and diversity per unit area in the 3 sectors
was calculated. Of the total number of syntaxa,
those considered as habitats of community interest (HIC), protected by the European directive
92/43 EU, have been identified, some of which are
new for the study area or even at higher territorial
levels. Due to their conservation interest, syntaxa
considered as endemic or relicts were identified,
on which appropriate management measures
should be focused for their conservation.

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P.0118 Xylem conductivity
response to temperatureand not to rainfall relates
to composition shift in a
Macaronesian alpine dry
community

P. lasiospermus, in particular in the coldest site. The
results suggest that the recent success of P. lasiospermus might be related to the increase in wintertemperatures, as xylem conductivity of this species
seems the most sensitive to winter temperatures.

P.0119 Vegetation dynamics
in the Gran Paradiso
National Park through aremote sensing-based
approachÁgueda M. González-Rodríguez1, Beatriz
Nievas-Valverde1, Alicia Perera-Castro1,
Beatriz Fernández-Marín2, Stefan Mayr3,
Jaime Puértolas*1

Chiara Richiardi1,2, Maria Adamo3,
Consolata Siniscalco2

1 Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
2 Department of Biology and Ecology, Universidaddel País Vasco, Leioa, Spain 3 Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria. *jpuertol@ull.
edu.es.

1 Technology Laboratory for the Dynamics of Structures and Prevention of Seismic and Hydrogeological Risk, ENEA, Bologna, Italy. 2 Department of Life
Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino,
Turin, Italy. 3 Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Interateneo Physics Department, Bari, Italy.

Climate change is having a strong impact in species distribution and composition of dry alpine environments of the Mediterranean and Macaronesian region, where both temperature and drought
intensity are increasing. The two legume species(Spartocytisus supranubius and Adenocarpus viscosus) that dominated the summit scrub in Mount
Teide National Park in the Canary Island of Tenerife a few decades ago, are being displaced by aformerly rare species, Pterocephalus lasiospermus.
Increased herbivory pressure linked to increasing
temperature and drought-related mortality has
been suggested to explain the decline of the twolegume species, but no ecophysiological comparison of the three species is available. In this study,
we hypothesized that differences in water status
and transport responses could explain the shift in
species composition. In five campaigns distributed
from November to September, we measured native stem xylem conductivity (ks), maximum xylem
conductivity (kmax) and the percentage of native
conductivity loss (PCL)of the three species in two
locations within the National Park. Simultaneously, in the last four campaigns we measured stem
water potential (Ψx). In general, Ψx remained constant and similar among species throughout theyear. PCL peaked in winter in all species, coinciding with a minimum in ks and kmax. This resulted
in overall correlations between ks and averaged
maximum temperature, which was not observed
for rainfall, as ks continuously recovered over thedry spring-summer period. PCL was lower in A. viscosus throughout the year and, in winter, highest in

Climate change and human activities are widely
recognized as the main driving forces of vegetation dynamics. Vegetation significantly affects theglobal material and energy flows, as well as carbon balance and climate stability at different spatiotemporal scales by changing the rates of plant
photosynthesis, respiration, and soil organic carbon decomposition. In this context, alpine areas arefacing deep changes as a result of the progressive
abandonment of traditional agro-sylvo-pastoral
practices, further exacerbated by climate change.
Gran Paradiso National Park, established in 1922,
represents a peculiar observatory because of thewide availability of studies conducted and datacollected over time, although not continuous intime and space. Some questions still remain unanswered, such as the changes that have taken place
and their timing at the landscape scale. The availability of long-term, high-resolution satellite remotesensing data has made it easier to obtain accurate
information that can be used to study the role ofvegetation, especially in remote and inaccessible
areas, with high temporal and spatial resolution. This
study, which is currently ongoing, aims at studying
vegetation dynamics through a remote sensing approach. Time series of vegetation distribution maps
will be extracted from Landsat satellite data. This will
be achieved through the implementation of a land
cover classification algorithm based on machinelearning methods, which aims to take advantage of76

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all the information that can be extracted from satellite images and available auxiliary data related tothe distribution of plant communities. Subsequently,
change maps will reveal the mechanisms of terrestrial ecosystem behavior, predicting future vegetation growth and, thus, informing environmental
management and policies.

razo’s vegetation may be significantly altered in the
future, reinforcing the high sensitivity of mountainecosystems to climate change.

P.0121 Climate and soil
nutrients generate distinct
diversity patterns acrossfour elevational gradients
within the same region

P.0120 Von Humbolt’sNightmare: effects ofclimate change on thevegetation of Chimborazo

Zhongping Tian1, Wenlong Chen1,
Mierkamili Maimait1, Erfan Akberjan1, Ming
Ni2, Bin Liu1

Tuany Siqueira-Silva1, Jesús LópezAngulo2, Pablo A. Martinez1

1 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life
Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China.
2 Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere, Department of Biology, Aarhus University,
Aarhus, Denmark.

1 PIBi Lab – Laboratório de Pesquisas Integrativas
em Biodiversidade, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil. 2
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain.
Mountain plants are highly sensitive to the effects ofclimate change, and many species have shifted upwards and lost habitat as temperatures rise. The richand endemic Tropical Andes have fascinated naturalists throughout history. Two centuries after Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland’s notorious
expedition to Chimborazo (Ecuador), significant upward shifts have been detected on the mountain’s
vegetation due to climate change. Our main objective was to evaluate the effects of climate changeon the vegetation of Chimborazo in the future (206180) under intermediate (SSP2-4.5) and pessimistic(SSP5-8.5) climate change scenarios. We built Species Distribution Models (SDMs) for 134 native speciesof Chimborazo using MaxEnt, WorldClim bioclimatic
variables and GBIF occurrence points, and projected
onto Chimborazo at a 1 second resolution. Throughhigh accuracy SDMs for 102 species, we analysedrichness patterns, phylogenetic diversity and potential area changes into the future. The plant richness
on Chimborazo may shift upwards due to climatechange, decreasing below 3,000 m and increasing
above 3,500 m. Similarly, the phylogenetic diversity may decrease below 2,900 m, risking ecosystem functioning in these zones, and increase above
3,000 m, possibly due to the ascension of species
with lower alpine specialization. Most plant species
may lose potential habitat in the future, which has
been reported for high elevation cold-adapted
plants. However, other species (e.g., low elevation
species) may gain significant amounts of potential
area due to warming, expanding upwards. Chimbo-

Numerous researchers have endeavored to discover a general explanation for elevational diversity gradients, but it remains unclear whether similar
diversity patterns and driving factors exist for thesame life-forms along different elevational gradients within the same region. In the Ili Valley of theCentral Asia Biodiversity Hotspot, we selected four
elevational gradients with similar species pools andevolutionary histories to assess the generalizabilityof elevational diversity gradients. Our findings indicate distinct patterns of species diversity along thefour elevational gradients within the same region
for the same life-forms. The species richness andabundance of woody plants are primarily controlled
by climate-based factors (i.e., minimum temperature, temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration) along four
elevational diversity gradients in the Ili Valley, while
the species richness and abundance of herbaceous
plants are primarily influenced by both climate andsoil nutrients (i.e., soil organic carbon). In conclusion,
our findings suggest that climate is an importantdriver of species diversity for woody plants, and thatthe driving mechanisms of herbaceous plant diversity along elevational gradients should consider
both climate and soil nutrients.

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P.0122 Climate-driven shifts
in alpine plant persistence
strategies: implications
for adaptation to global
warmingcompared to decreasing species. These findings
suggest that seed traits may provide valuable insights into the resilience or vulnerability of alpine
species to climate change.

P.0123 Plant-pollinatorinteractions in a highly
diverse Andean Paramo

Margherita Tognela1, Fiona J. White1,
Francesco Porro1, Silvano Lodetti1,
Graziano Rossi1, Marisol A. Saretto1, Laura
Amadeo1, Andrea Mondoni1,2Carolina Tovar1, Carlos Martel1, Laura
Cifuentes2, Emilia Ayala2, Higor Antonio
Domingues1, Pavel Sanchez Flores3, Laura
Williamson1, Jehova Lourenco1, Liliya
Draganova4, Suzette Flantua4, Francisco
Cuesta2

1 University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
Climate warming in alpine biomes is increasing faster than the global average, altering the distribution,
phenology and physiology of alpine plants. These
effects have frequently been observed but, with limited exceptions, few studies have provided mechanistic explanations for these changes. In this context,
differences in persistence strategies could play a
key role in both plant population and community
responses to climate change (CC). There are threealternative strategies for plant persistence in situ:(I) produce high quality and long-lasting seeds; (II)have an extended life span; (III) be highly clonal. The
allocation of resources to vegetative growth leads
to a reduction of regeneration by seed, resulting ina trade-off between seed persistence and clonality, along with extended life span. The prevalenceof a particular strategy has been found to be habitat-related and elevation-specific, with low-altitude
species allocating more resources to regeneration
by seeds compared to higher-altitude species. Given the recent trend of upward migration driven byclimate warming, persistence traits are expected tochange in the future. Thus, we hypothesize that (I)global warming might favor species relying on regeneration by seeds and clonality, and that (II) persistence strategy is correlated to species response
to CC. To explore these hypotheses, we investigatedwhether species with contrasting long-term population dynamics differ in their persistence strategies.
Specifically, we correlated data on 20-yr population dynamics for 25 alpine species occurring in the
Northern Apennines (Italy) with seed longevity, adultplant longevity and clonality, measured following
standardised protocols and literature. Our results
highlight a significant positive relationship between
species abundance change and both seed longevity and mass; consequently, species with increasing abundance have larger and longer-lived seeds

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS, Universidad de las Américas,
Quito, Ecuador. 3 Departamento de Entomología,
Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. 4 Department of
Biology, University of Bergen and Bjerknes, Centre
for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.
Plant-pollinator interactions are critical to sustain ecosystem functioning. Shifts in plant phenology, due to,for example, warming, could lead to asynchronies between plant flowering and pollinator availability, withnegative consequences for plant reproductive successand/or local loss of pollinator species. So far, only afew studies have focused on plant-pollinator interactions in the Paramo, the high-elevation grasslands ofthe northern Andes, and whose flora is the most species rich among the tropical alpine ecosystems. Given the imminent changes in plant communities of thishigh elevation ecosystems it is of outmost importanceto have a better understanding of the current diversity and complexity of the plant-pollinator interactionsin the Paramo. This work is focused on the Paramos of
Yanacocha, Ecuador (4,200 masl) and aims to 1) Characterise pollen diversity of dominant Páramo species,2) Characterise pollinator diversity, 3) Build a preliminary plant-pollinator interaction network. We collected
pollen samples from floral buds of 30 plant species andanalysed them using light and electron microscopy.
We also collected 133 floral visitor specimens that wereclassified into 23 morphospecies. In addition, we madeobservations of plant-pollinator interactions in Juneand October 2023. Our preliminary results show thatthe pollen diversity morphology is high (ornamentation,size), including marked differences between species
within the same family. We also found that Asterace-78

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fitness. Although mountain fens are highly diverse, themost frequent and dominant species is the ubiquitous sedge Carex nigra, a stoloniferous hemicryptophyte that reproduces vegetatively by rhizome elongation. Here, we aimed at assessing how livestockpressure modifies the performance of C. nigra frombiomass allocation to vegetative reproduction andspace occupancy, among other functional traits. Thus,
we carried out a cultivation experiment in a factorial
design for four months. We simulated herbivory andtrampling (by soil-compaction and soil-pugging),
under two water table levels (wet and flooded). Mostof our results showed the negative effects of herbivory and trampling treatments on all organs. However,the structure of these organs changed according to
the degree of soil disturbance. Herbivory was the mostimportant factor, affecting the aboveground and belowground structures of the plants. The magnitudeof herbivory was such that only the pugging was noticeable, in terms of biomass accumulation, whereas
compaction cause no additive effect. In contrast, inthe absence of herbivory, differences were observed
between all trampling treatments. Besides, when
trampling was also suppressed, flooding favoured theaccumulation of biomass. Our analysis exemplifies
the plasticity of Alpine fen plant communities. Further
studies are needed to elucidate the disturbance responses of different plant functional groups, due to the
known effect of competitive exclusion by gramineous
forms in non-grazed fens.

ae plants (Monticalia peruviana, Chuquiraga jussieui)
are highly visited by an array of pollinators (bees, flies,
butterflies). While most plant species from the paramos
were recorded being visited and pollinated by different
types of flies (with low representation of the family Syrphidae), dominant plant species were predominantly
or even exclusively pollinated by the bumblebee Bombus funebris. Both flies and Bombus funebris are key
pollinators and the best represented in the Paramo
plant-pollinator networks.

P.0124 The response of
Carex nigra to disturbanceby trampling and herbivory
Paula Vicenç-Sabater1, Eulàlia PladevallIzard1, Aaron Pérez-Haase1
1 University of Barcelona and IRBio, Barcelona, Spain.
Fens are found in the boreal and subarctic climatic
zones, and in Alpine mountains. Their soils are hypoxic and most often dominated by sedges and mosses. Most of these species have their European southernmost distribution limit in the Pyrenees, where they
thrive in small fragmented and threatened fen patches. In the Pyrenees, and Alpine mountains in general,the most prominent threat is overgrazing, which alters
the ecosystem functioning through the destruction ofsoil structure and changes in plant performance andS.012. AN UPDATE ON THE PHYLOGENY OF
SEED PLANTS
P.0125 Relationshipsof Trichocereus withnearby genera of thetribe TrichocereeaeCactoideae-Cactaceae andnomenclatural implications

The genus Trichocereus belongs to the subtribe
Trichocereinae and includes 58 taxa (38 species, 10
subspecies, 8 varieties and 2 forms), from the Andesof Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and one
species introduced to southern Colombia. Sometaxa are dominant and define phytogeographic
provinces. The complexity and diversity of the genera of the tribe Trichocereeae, Acanthocalycium,
Chamaecereus, Echinopsis s. str., Hymenorebutia,
Lobivia, Pseudolobivia, Soehrensia and Trichocereus, it is possibly the problem of greatest interest at
a generic level, at least for South American cacti.
The intention of this work is to clarify whether Echinopsis in the broad sense of Friedrich and Rowley iscorrect, or if we must return to the traditional concept, of considering them three genus -Echinopsis,

Sofia Albesiano1, Roberto Kiesling2
1 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia. asalbesianoh@ut.edu.co. 2 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones en Zonas Áridas, CONICET, Mendoza,
Argentina. rkiesling@mendoza-conicet.gob.ar79

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Lobivia and Trichocereus-, which are differentiatedby the shape of the stems, size and hairiness of theflowers and by geographical distribution, in addition
to solving nomenclatural problems. The study was
carried out on the basis of anatomical, morphological and molecular characters. Phylogenetic relationships were examined in 17 species, based on
39 exomorphological characters and chloroplast
DNA sequences, trnL-F and rpl16, and including other species of the tribes Hylocereeae, Notocacteae
and Trichocereeae. Combined phylogenetic analysis recovered Trichocereus as monophyletic andsupported by three synapomorphies. Trichocereus
presents a close affinity with Lobivia by sharing two
homoplasies, specifically with a group of species
that had been transferred to the genus Soehrensia.
As the main conclusions of the study, it is proposedthat the genera Trichocereus and Echinopsis should
be kept separate, while Helianthocereus should beconsidered in the synonymy of the former.

Ammi and Visnaga have been comprehensively
analysed using multidisciplinary approaches. This
analysis has resolved uncertainties and evaluatedthe taxonomic status of the genus in Turkey andworldwide.
References: Al-Snafi, A. E. (2013). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ammi majus
and Ammi visnaga. A review. International Journalof Pharmacy and Industrial Research, 3(3), 257-265;
Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç M. (2012).
Turkey Bitkileri Listesi Damarlı Bitkiler. İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları
Derneği Yayını; IPNI (2023). International Plant Names
Index. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org,
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University
Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Herbarium (Retrieved 25 July 2023).
Acknowledgements: This study was funded by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University. Project number: TAB-2022-39066.

P.0126 A Systematic
evaluation of the Ammi and
Visnaga genera in Turkey

P.0127 Insights into thephylogeny of Sibbaldia L.
(Fragariinae, Rosaceae)
and close relatives, basedon nuclear low copy genesequences

Miraç Ekici1,2, Emine Akalın1
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul,
Turkey. 2 Scientific Research Projects Coordination
Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
The Ammi genus is represented by three species,
while the Visnaga genus is represented by two
species worldwide. In this study, the species Visnaga daucoides Gaertn. (synonym Ammi visnaga(L.) Lam.) and Ammi majus L., which are distributed
in Turkey and are of great value medicinally, were
subjected to a systematic evaluation (Al-Sanfi, 2013;
Güner et al. 2012; IPNI, 2023). Plant materials are collected from various regions of Turkey. Analyses werecarried out on both collected specimens and specimens in the ISTE herbarium. Morphological analysis included examination and measurement of fruit,basal and stem leaves, taking photographs and examination of fruit cross sections. The DNA was extracted from the specimens and the ITS gene regionof the genomic DNA was amplified and sequenced
for molecular analysis, followed by the constructionof a phylogenetic tree. In addition, a chemotaxonomic evaluation was carried out. The coumarinand flavonoid contents of aqueous and ethanol extracts were quantified by LC-MS. Analyses were also
carried out to quantify visnadine, which is important
for the medicinal activity of the plants. The genera

Torsten Eriksson1
1 Department of Natural History, University Museum,
University of Bergen, Norway.
Previous phylogenetic studies of Fragariinae andSibbaldia have shown that plastid and nuclear (ribosomal) DNA sequences are partly incongruent
regarding the relationships of the genera Sibbaldia(in the strict sense), Sibbaldiopsis, and Sibbaldianthe, here called the Sibbaldia group consisting of
ca. 10-15 species. Some of these species have until
recently been classified in Potentilla. As there are different ploidy levels involved, it has been suggested
that allopolyploidy might have affected the evolution in this group. To investigate this, two low copy
nuclear gene regions (DHAR, GAPCP1) were cloned,
sequenced and analysed phylogenetically. The idea
was that if allopolyploidy had been involved, clones
from polyploids would join their respective parental
species. The focus was the Sibbaldia group, and in
addition, the close relatives Comarum, Farinopsis
and Alchemilla were included with representatives

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from Fragaria as outgroup. The analyses indicatedthe Sibbaldia group to consist of two well supported
subclades with Farinopsis, Comarum and Alchemilla as unresolved sisters. One of the Sibbaldia subclades consisted of the three diploid Sibbaldia species (procumbens, parviflora, and cuneata) together
with clones from Sibbaldiopsis (sometimes treatedas Sibbaldia) tridentata, miyabei and cuneifolia. The
three latter are at least tetraploid. The other subclade contained clones from the two sampled species of Sibbaldianthe (adpressa and bifurca) also,
like the first subclade, with clones from tridentata,
miyabei and cuneifolia. The patterns of relationships
are similar inside the two subclades. Folding thegene trees into a species tree involves postulating
at least two reticulations between members of thetwo subclades. The connections between the two
subclades favour classifying Sibbaldia, Sibbaldiopsis and Sibbaldianthe in one genus: Sibbaldia.

Strobilanthes within India and will be further extended to unravel the evolution of this genus in the Indian
sub-continent.

P.0129 The first Glossopteris
flora occurrencesin southeastern
Brazil: evolutionary,phytogeographic andstratigraphic implications
Roberto Iannuzzi1, Juliane, Marques-deSouza2, Mercedes M. di Pasquo3, Neil P.
Griffis4, Fernando F. Vesely5, Thammy
Mottin5
1 Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil. 3 Laboratorio de
Palinoestratigrafía y Paleobotánica, CICYTTP (CONICET-ER-UADER), Diamante, Argentina. 4 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Universityof California, Davis, USA. 5 Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil

P.0128 Molecular phylogenyof Strobilanthes Blume
species (Acanthaceae)
from northern Western
Ghats of India

Glossopterids correspond to an enigmatic groupof seed plants that emerged in Gondwana aroundthe Carboniferous–Permian transition, flourishedthroughout the Permian and reduced drastically and/or became extinct during the end-Permian
extinction event. This group of gymnosperms became famous because it was considered the firstevolutionary step towards angiosperms, given thediversity and complexity of their reproductive organs. Recent studies on their reproductive biology
have suggested that glossopterids may be moreclosely related to ginkgoaleans, cordaitaleans andsome early conifers. However, many doubts still remain about where and how this group would haveappeared. In recent years, some of the first occurrences of glossopterid-containing assemblages
in the southern Paraná Basin (Rio Grande do Sulstate, southern Brazil) have been radiometrically
dated as earliest Asselian in age using high-resolution U–Pb zircon CA-TIMS methods. Currently, these
correspond to the oldest well-dated records of thisgroup throughout Gondwana. In these early assemblages, the fossil-genera considered evolutionarily
as the most basal (less derived) female fructifications of glossopterids are present, i.e. Arberia andArberiopsis, belonging to the Family Arberiaceae.

Maria Cineola Fernandes , Krishnan
Sellappan1
1

1 Goa University, Goa, India.
Strobilanthes is the second largest genus of the family Acanthaceae and grows naturally in the tropicalregions of Asia. India harbours a centre of diversityof this genus in the Western Ghats and the North/
Northeast regions of India with about 150 representative species. In this study, we have 10 species, including 1 unpublished taxon (Strobilanthes sp.) and1 newly discovered variety from the northern Western Ghats to understand their evolutionary history
using molecular phylogenetics. Nuclear ribosomalinternal transcribed spacer (ITS), three chloroplast
DNA (cpDNA) sequences trnL, rbcL, matK and one
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence matR havebeen sequenced. Overall, the northern Western
Ghats species have a close relationship with otherpeninsular Indian species. The results indicate that
the Strobilanthes species have origins indicating
independent colonisation of their habitat in northern Western Ghats from southern Western Ghats
or from Northeast India. This work provides the firstphylogenetic understanding of the speciose genus

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In addition, there is the first records of forms allied
to the Dictyopteridiaceae (Ottokaria-like fructifications). Furthermore, this record gives evidences of
how very simple reproductive structures can evolve
into much more diverse (=distinct evolutionary lineages) and complex reproductive organs, drawing
a distant parallel with the processes that occurredwith angiosperms millions of years later. Given theabundance and diversity of forms related to Arberiaceae, as well as the occurrence of the oldest
records in Gondwana, the region occupied by the
Paraná Basin and surrounding areas becomes aprobable center of origin for glossopterids. Finally,
the appearance of glossopterids can be useful for
biostratigraphic correlation purposes, as well as the
successive first appearance of different types of
their female fructifications over time.

des in Central America form a sister group to theclade comprising Asian Cleyera-Adinandra clade
and are not closely related to Freziera. Interestingly,
one ‘Adinandra’ species from Vietnam is separated from the Asian Cleyera-Adinandra clade and isclose to the monotypic genus Euryodendron, whichis endemic to China and closely related to Eurya. In
the current classification, Cleyara is distinguishedfrom Adinandra by the number of locules per ovary,ovules, and stigma. However, the Central American
Cleyera, C. integrifolia, and C. theoides should be
separated and placed in the formerly described genus Tristylium. Adinandra and Asian Cleyera shouldbe treated as a single genus, Cleyera, based on thenomenclatural priority.

P.0131 A revision of theJuncaceae: Molecules andmorphology in concert?

Aknowledgments: CNPq-PQ313946/2021–3.

P.0130 Phylogenetic
relationship of Cleyera
and related genera ofPentaphylacaceae

Jarosław Proćków1, Lenka Záveská
Drábková2
1 Department of Plant Biology, Wrocław University ofEnvironmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
2 Botanica Nova, Mnichovice near Prague, Czech
Republic.

Tetsuo Ohi-Toma1, Hidetoshi Nagamasu2,
Shuichiro Tagane3, Tetsukazu Yahara4,
Akiyo Naiki5

Juncaceae is a cosmopolitan family belonging to
the cyperid clade of Poales, together with Cyperaceae and Thurniaceae. These families have global
economic and ethnobotanical significance and areoften keystone species in wetlands around the world,with a widespread cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and arctic regions in both hemispheres. We
reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of Juncaceae and cyperids based on selected regions of all
three genomes, plastome, chondriome, and nuclear,by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, andBayesian inference. The total evidence analyses included 542 taxa, separated analyses278-1032 taxa.
The matrix contained ca. 6 kb per complete taxon.
The resulting phylogenetic framework was used as
the basis to interpret the evolution of key morphological character states and to revise the infrageneric classification of the group. Currently, Juncaceae comprises 14 genera: Agathryon, Alpinojuncus,
Australojuncus, Boreojuncus, Distichia, Juncinella,Juncus, Luzula, Marsippospermum, Oreojuncus, Oxychloë, Patosia, Rostkovia, and Verojuncus (Proćków& Záveská Drábková, 2023a, 2023b; Brožová et al.,2022), however, not all relationships are clearly understood yet. The monophyly of the proposed newgenera has been generally confirmed (Kenny et al.,1 Nature Fieldwork Center, Okayama University of
Science, Okayama, Japan. 2 The Kyoto University
Museum, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 3 The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima University,
Kagoshima, Japan. 4 Kyusyu Open University, Fukuoka, Japan 5 Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Cleyera is a genus of Pentaphylacaceae, consistingof 24 species that are disjunctly distributed in Eastand Southeast Asia, and Central America. However,some previous studies have classified the Central
American species as either Freziera, Ternstromeia,
or Tristylium. While some molecular phylogenetic
studies indicated the monophyly of Cleyera, species
from Central America were not included in thoseanalyses. The current study aimed to elucidate themonophyly of Cleyera by conducting a molecularphylogenetic analysis based on ITS and ETS regionsof six Asian species and two Central American species. The analysis also included several species ofclosely related genera, such as Adinandra, Eurya,
etc. The resulting phylogenetic tree revealed that
Asian Cleyera is a monophyletic group but is nested
within Adinandra. Cleyera integrifolia and C. theoi-82

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Poster presentations2024). Special attention will be devoted to Juncinella, Verojuncus, and Boreojuncus. References: Kenny
R., Záveská Drábková L., Potter D. (2024): Systematics
of Juncaceae, phylogenetic relationships inferredfrom hyb-seq data. Abstracts, XX International Botanical Congress, 21st-27th July 2024, Madrid, Spain;
Proćków J., Záveská Drábková L. (2023a): A revision of
the Juncaceae with delimitation of six new genera:
nomenclatural changes in Juncus. Phytotaxa 622 (1):17-41; Proćków J., Záveská Drábková L. (2023b): Proposal on a new taxonomic rank, supergenus. Taxon
72(5): 1150; Brožová V., Proćków J., Záveská Drábková
L. (2022): Toward finally unraveling the phylogenetic
relationships of the Juncaceae with respect to another cyperid family, Cyperaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 177: 107588.

study demonstrates that roots of Chloranthus andSarcandra share an unusual combination of typicalmonocots (such as adventitious, homorrhizous rootsystem) and (eu)dicots (secondary growth) traits,
and yet, have open meristems with common initials that are more similar to those found in gymnosperms and basal angiosperm lineages. Our study is
not only the first to document the roots of Chloranthaceae, but also the first to show that their structure and anatomy provide good support for theirpotential affinities with angiosperm basal lineages.

P.0133 Addressing
phylogeny and taxonomy
of Betula L. genus using
different approaches.

P.0132 Comparison of root
structure in Chloranthaceae
and implications for theirsystematics and evolution

Andrii Tarieiev1, Oliver Gailing1
1 Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree
Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen,Göttingen, Germany.
The genus Betula L. is represented by common pioneer trees and shrubs of temperate and boreal
zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Birches are characterized by high vegetative variability, phenotypic
plasticity, a wide range of ploidies (from 2n=2x=28 to2n=12x=168), and frequent hybridization (especially an introgressive one) between different species.
That is why the phylogeny of this group is very complex and remains not well resolved. In the current
study, we tried to infer the phylogenetic relationships between birch species in Europe using different approaches: (1) classical genetic markers: internal transcribed spacers, plastid genes; (2) a set of
20 newly developed COS-associated SSR markers;(3) complete plastid genome assemblies. Classicalgenetic markers could be helpful for distinguishingmajor well-established taxa and addressing somespecific problems but in general lack resolution
power. A newly developed SSR marker set is only
helpful for the identification of the clusters of highly distinct taxa: B. pendula aggr., B. nana, B. humilisand B. pubescens aggr. It is not possible to resolve
fine-scale phylogeny and to infer the phylogenyof polyploid complexes using these markers. Plastome-based phylogeny in the case of Betula L. genus provided significantly better resolution in comparison to previously used markers and therefore
is useful for resolving complex groups of closely related taxa. However, some taxa remain unresolved/
polyphyletic due to several potential issues: quality

Annika Rüdinger1, Julien B. Bachelier1
1 Institute of Biology/Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Chloranthaceae have one of the oldest and best
documented fossil record among flowering plants.
Dating back to the early Cretaceous and comprising both vegetative and reproductive structuresand pollen, it suggests that they were a widespreadand diverse lineage. However, they are represented
today by only 4 genera and 75 species whose affinities with other flowering plant lineages have long remained unclear, and are now considered as sisters
to the basal lineage of magnoliids. Previous comparative structural studies already showed some
supports for such a relationship, but they focusedsolely on the aboveground parts, whereas their rootsystem and structure are largely unknown. Using
light and scanning electron microscopy, we compared the root system and anatomy in Chloranthus
and Sarcandra, the two most closely related genera within the family. The root systems and anatomyof all 4 species studied here are all very similar toeach other. They typically consisted of more or lessbranched adventitious roots with open meristems
and typical common initials. Young roots also sharea diarch central cylinder, but older roots showed evidence of some (incomplete/unusual) secondary
growth and in the oldest roots, as many as 6 to 8
phloem poles around the central xylem plate. Our

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B. klokovii was described as a separate species in1964 by Borys Zaverucha, and is known only from twochalk hills (mt. Strakhova and mt. Maslyatyn) near
Kremenets in the Ternopil region. It has a very low
number of trees and small natural habitat. Consequently, it is protected at both local and state levels in Ukraine (its growing location is a part of the
National Nature Park “Kremenets Mountains”) andalso included in the IUCN red list as a critically endangered species. B. klokovii has several distinctive
morphological traits but its taxonomic position wasquestionable since ITS and SSR markers did not separate it from B. pubescens. To clarify the relations
between these species we performed short-read
low-coverage whole-genome sequencing fromdried leaves. B. klokovii samples were collected inlocus classicus. Plastid genomes were assembled(NOVOPlasty), annotated (GeSeq), aligned together
with available birch plastome assemblies from NCBI
GenBank representing 22 birch taxa (MAFFT), andused for phylogenetic reconstructions (Maximum
Likelihood in RAxML-NG & IQ-TREE, and Bayesian Inference in MrBayes) according to the model suggested
by ModelTest-NG. Plastome-based phylogenetic reconstructions revealed a clear separation between
B. klokovii and B. pubescens, and therefore provide
additional evidence that B. klokovii is a separate taxon. To infer more details about B. klokovii and estimate the level of its hybridization there is a need forsequencing more samples of this birch (ideally – thewhole population), related species, and prospective
hybrids from close locations. Also, it would be very
beneficial to conduct reference-grade whole genome sequencing and assembly for B. klokovii.

of assemblies and annotations, misidentification,
chloroplast capture, etc. In addition, since plastids
are maternally inherited, plastomes reveal only apart of evolutionary history and are not well-suited for detecting cases of hybridization. According
to our estimation, the best possible approach toaddress birch phylogeny would be high-coveragewhole-genome sequencing (preferably long-readwith HiC to achieve a better assembly and also toinfer epigenetic data) combined with other types ofdata (morphology, anatomy, “-omix” data, distribution, etc.).

P.0134 Complete plastid
genome assembly forthe critically endangered
endemic birch species
Betula klokovii Zaverucha
Andrii Tarieiev1, Oliver Gailing1
1 Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree
Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen,Göttingen, Germany.
In the current study, we assembled complete plastid genomes for the rare Ukrainian endemic species
Betula klokovii Zaverucha, related species (Betula
pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth), and thepotential hybrid B. klokovii × pendula from short-read
low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data.

S.013. APG V AND THE CHALLENGE
OF TRANSLATING PHYLOGENY INTO
CLASSIFICATION WHEN GENE TREES CONFLICT
P.0135 The Flowering Plants
Handbook: a practicalguide to the world’s orders,families and genera

For over 250 years angiosperms were arranged invarious classification systems based on their morphology and biochemistry. In the last 30 years theclassification of angiosperms has changed dramatically with the accumulation of molecular datathat is unravelling their evolutionary relationships.
This has resulted in very few up-to-date, or evenrecent (<10 years), publications which can aid connecting the recent family and generic classifications
to identifications in the field, herbarium and botanic gardens. The first edition of the book was pub-James Byng1,2
1 TU Delft Hortus Botanicus, Delft, The Netherlands.
2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

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lished in 2014 following APG III. It was the first book in
the APG era to comprehensively compile practicalmorphological characters of all recognised families
and the vast majority genera for field identification.
A second edition is close to completion (2025) andis fully revised and expanded. Diagnostic morphological characters of all angiosperm orders andfamilies (following a future APG V) and all genera(following the most recent plant family literature).
All families are represented with plates showing thefull morphological range of diversity with detailed
images of vegetative and reproductive characters.
Approximately 70% of all recognised genera are visually represented. This work follows exhaustive literature review, extensive field work, study of cultivatedplants in Delft, and supplemented with herbarium
work. This poster showcases example pages, dealing with conflicting published studies and further
details behind its compilation. The book will be acomprehensive and practical tool for botanists andother relevant fields interested in the identificationof flowering plants using the most recent APG andinfrafamilial classifications.

ships within the clade. Furthermore, hybridization
also blurs species boundaries. Here we inferred thephylogeny of Asimina using 695 low-copy nuclear
genes and 78 plastid genes obtained off-target. We
also dated the tree using tools that take into account the effects of incomplete lineage sorting andintrogression, two processes that probably shaped
the evolution of Asimina. To assemble the targeted
genes, we combined two available bait kits (i.e., Angiosperms353 and Annonaceae) creating the new
Annonaceae799 bait kit useful for the entire family.
We also evaluated the role of incomplete lineage
sorting, hybridization, and introgression on the phylogeny of the clade. Overall, we recovered a monophyletic Asimina. Putative hybridizations/introgressions were inferred for the clade using model-based
and the D-statistics. Hybrids hypothesized by morphology were also confirmed using molecular data
and D-statistics. Phylogenetic results using plastome data also confirmed the intricate evolutionary
history of the clade, with considerable incongruence
between plastome and nuclear trees. The evidence
obtained suggests a rather intricate and recent
evolutionary history for Asimina, with most of its diversification occurring during the last million year in
Florida peninsula.

P.0136 The reticulate
evolution of pawpaws:
insights from nuclear andplastid genomes
Luiz Henrique M. Fonseca1, Kate R.
Goodrich2, Lars W. Chatrou1

P.0137 The character
evolution of thegenus Burmannia(Burmanniaceae)

1 Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium. 2 Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania, USA.

Supakan Simachai1, Saroj Ruchisansakun1,
Thaya Jenjittikul1, Nicha Thawara1, Vincent
Merckx2

Asimina Adans. is the only temperate genus in Annonaceae, an otherwise tropical plant family containing fruit crops such as sugar apple and soursop.
The genus has eleven recognized species distributed in eastern USA. The centre of diversity is peninsular Florida, where up to ten species can be found intheir native habitats. Species limits in Asimina weretraditionally determined using morphological traits.
Flower traits are remarkably variable in Asimina withdifferences in colour, size, odour, and the shape andthickness of their petals. Species with intermediate floral morphology and scent composition are
regularly observed in the field. The potential hybrid
origin of some species suggests a complex evolutionary history for Asimina and increases the levelof difficulty for determining phylogenetic relation-

1 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 2 Naturalis
Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Burmannia is a genus primarily mycoheterotrophic
plants, with approximately 61 accepted species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The interaction between the genus Burmannia and mycorrhizal fungi has deep roots in their evolutionary
history. This fascinating behavior is generally foundamong all sister genera in the Burmanniaceae family. The goal of this research is to understand the evolutions of mycoheterotrophic lifestyle and morphological shifts on Burmannia through phylogenetic
approach. In this study we constructed phylogenies
for 27 species, including nine species collected in
Thailand and the remaining acquired from GenBank85

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and of course also at species and infraspecific ranks(variety and subspecies), also create name changes, and are perceived as particularly destabilizingby many users of plant taxonomy. The generationof phylogenetic trees has added additional bases
for decisions on taxonomic rank. Even with a phylogenetic tree of a family that all taxonomists agree
is “correct”, there are many potential translations ofthat tree into the hierarchical taxonomy which we
primarily use, and each of those different taxonomictranslations is logically as correct as another. Frequently, authors of papers simply present their taxonomy as the “result of the tree”, without addressing why they made the choices they did, and why
they rejected an equally logical but alternate taxonomy. In developing a taxonomy, different taxonomists place different weights on a variety of factors,
including pre-existing consensus taxonomy, tree
topology, branch lengths, estimated divergencetimes, crossability, biogeography, presumed evolutionary history, morphological divergence, and otherfactors. Until and unless we come to a better community consensus on the criteria to be used andtheir weighting, and explicitly explain the choices we
make, we will be doomed as a community to continued and essentially unresolvable instability in rank
choices and the names resulting from those choices. We explore these issues through examples fromthe Flora of the Southeastern United States, a florawith 302 families, 2366 genera, and 11,101 species (orunique infrataxa).

database. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood trees
were generated based on the DNA data of threesources: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region
for nuclear data, and matK and rbcL genes for chloroplast data. The phylogenies established in BEAST2
for Bayesian inference and RaxML for Maximum Likelihood analysis. Subsequently, ancestral states ofsome morphological characters, e.g., the presenceof rosette leaves, the colors of stem, flower shapes,
outer and inner perianth shapes and colors, werereconstructed and mapped onto the phylogenetic
trees using in RStudio.

P.0138 What is a genus? taxonomic rank and nameinstability
Alan S. Weakley1, Derick B. Poindexter1
1 North Carolina Botanical Garden (Herbarium
NCU), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
A seeming increase in taxonomic change, with highlevels of lumping and splitting at many taxonomic
ranks, has generated significant concern. Decisions
about ranks above genus do not involve changes inplant names, but are important (especially at family rank) in their sorting of finer taxa into groupings
useful for learning and teaching and understanding broad evolutionary patterns and mechanisms.
Lumping and splitting decisions at the rank of genus,

S.014. APOCYNACEAE ON THE WAY TO A
MODEL FAMILY
1 Plants of Thailand Research Unit, Department of
Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, *aroonratm@hotmail.com.
2 CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
3 CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ
Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

P.0139 The flowers of
Heterostemma ficoides(Apocynaceae) fool figpollinating wasps with
their olfactory and tactile
resemblance to figs

Unlike congeneric species, Heterostemma ficoides produces globose closed flowers that anyone can mistakefor figs (syconia) of Ficus spp. (Moraceae). Could this‘anyone’ include a fig wasp? Fig-fig wasp interactions
are highly specialized mutualisms. The specificity ofpollinator attraction is mediated by volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) emitted by receptive figs. Pollinator access to the oviposition site inside the figs depends
on passage through the fig’s sole entrance (ostiole).
Fig wasps should avoid non-host figs and even more

Aroonrat Kidyoo 1*, Manit Kidyoo 1, Doyle
McKey 2, Finn Kjellberg 2, Jean-Yves
Rasplus 3, Martine Hossaert-McKey 2,
Rumsaïs Blatrix 2, Magali Proffit 2

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non-Ficus flowers. However, inside receptive flowers of
H. ficoides we have recurrently discovered several fig
wasps, Kradibia sp. (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera), someof which carried a pollinarium on a leg. This Kradibia is
the specific pollinator of Ficus heterophylla throughout
Thailand. In two provinces, Chiang Mai (natural habitat of H. ficoides) and Bangkok (outside the plant’s native range), we investigated the attraction of Kradibia
wasps to the VOCs emitted by flowers of H. ficoides using Y-tube olfactometer tests. At both sites, Kradibia females were among the most frequent floral visitors andwere strongly attracted by VOCs of H. ficoides flowers.
Comparison of the chemical profiles revealed that receptive figs of F. heterophylla and flowers of H. ficoides
share several of theirmajor VOCs, notably sesquiterpenes. Thus, floral odors of H. ficoides attract Kradibia
females to their flowers. Then the insects are stimulatedby the sutures at the corolla mouth, through which they
force their passage into the flower as if they were passing through the ostiole of the fig. These results suggestthat H. ficoides deceives Kradibia females by producing
olfactory, tactile, and maybe also visual signals similar
to those of the wasps’ host plant, F. heterophylla. To
assess whether this resemblance is adaptive for H. ficoides, the efficiency of the fig wasp as a pollinator remains to be determined.

tissue, we analyzed the style head of Blepharodon
bicuspidatum (Asclepiadoideae) during floral development. Our results demonstrate that epidermal
cells produce distinct compounds at different developmental stages. Furthermore, cells positioned
in different parts of the tissue also produce different compounds and this secretory activity occurs
synchronously with the development and maturation of sporogenic tissues. After release the secretion, it hardens and acquires a specific shape, being
moulded by the spatial constraints of the adjacentfloral organs. This secretion, called translator, isformed by a rigid central portion with a central slit,
which will adhere to the pollinator’s proboscis or leg,and two caudicles that attach to two pollinia, forming the pollinarium. The morphogenesis of this gynoecial secretion is synchronized with the development of pollinia inside the anthers, being completed
at the same time as anther dehiscence occurs. The
translator has a distinct composition in its different
parts. This difference is related to the movement of
the caudicles after the pollinarium removal. With thismovement, the pollinia assume the necessary position for their insertion into the stigmatic chamber ofthe flower, ensuring effective pollination.

P.0141 Selection of DNA
barcode regions for species
discrimination, genetic
diversity assessment andmolecular authentication of
Rauvolfia L. (Apocyanaceae)
from Southern Western Ghats
of IndiaP.0140 Style head in
Apocynaceae: a very
complex secretory activity
performed by one tissue
Danielle Maximo1, Diego Demarco1
1 Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences,
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Nuptial glands are very diverse, being associated todifferent pollination mechanisms. The greater specificity in pollen transfer mechanism from anther tostigma, the greater the morphological elaboration of flowers and the functional complexity of thenuptial glands. In Apocynaceae, pollination mechanisms reached an extreme specificity, a fact thatwas only possible due to an extreme morphologicalsynorganization and a profusion of floral glands. Although these glands are of different types, the vast
majority have secretory cells only in the epidermis.
In general, these epidermal cells produce many different compounds at the same time and previous
studies demonstrate that in the style head, the functional complexity of epidermis has become evengreater. To determine the secretory activity of thisNizam Ashifa2, P.V. Swetha2, T Anju2, Kumar
Ajay2, Vadakkemuriyil Divya Nair1
1 Department of Plant Sciences, Central Universityof Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, Shahpur,
Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India. 2 Deparment of Plant Sciences, Central University of Kerala,
Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
Rauvolfia L. (Apocyanaceae) has long been considered a therapeutic herb. It is found all over the world,
primarily on the continents of Asia and Africa, and isrepresented by 74 species with numerous synonyms.
There are five species of Rauvolfia known to exist in
India’s Southern Western Ghats. Using a brief DNA sequence from a predetermined, standard location in

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species. It is observed that Chassalia curviflora (Wall.)Thwaites (Rubiaceae) and Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae) are two species widely using asadulterants in industry. The effectiveness of barcode
regions like, ITS, matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and ndhF –rpl32
in species discrimination, molecular authentication of
Rauvolfia species from their adulterants and genetic
diversity assessment of all the Rauvolfia species reported from Southern Western Ghats of India were
examined in this work. Comparison of efficiency fordiscriminating species indicated that matK is more effective in authentication of Rauvolfia species from its
adulterant. Sequences generated by the amplificationof rbcL regions were used for the genetic diversity assessment of different species studied.

the genome, DNA barcoding is a method for identifying speciesn as well as inter, and intr specific diversity
assessment. Considering their capacity to distinguishbetween species and establish phylogenetic relationships between the accessions, we employed different
markers to test the universality of thirty five accessions
from various locations that belong to five Rauvolfia
species: R. serpentina, R. tetraphylla, R. micrantha, R.
beddomei and R. densiflora Due to the lack of distinct
physical distinctions across species, two of the species
are taxonomically challenging and so provide an excellent excellent candidate for DNA barcoding. During
our field studies we have noticed that morphologicallysimilar, easily available and medicinally poor quality
plant species are using as adulterants for Rauvolfia

S.015. APPLICATIONS OF SPECTRALREFLECTANCE IN PLANT SYSTEMATICS ANDEVOLUTION
P.0142 Identification of
herbarium specimens using
NIRS: ongoing research at
CIRAD

150 years and others collected recently. Using these twodatasets, we evaluate the ability of NIR models built onolder collections to discriminate recent samples or, in
opposite, the possibility of discriminating older samples
with recent collections. We are also working on a dataset of Combretum genus from West and Central Africa. Some species are not easy to identify on herbarium
specimen and many Combretum sp. remain undetermined in herbaria collections. We are applying NIRS
on numerous specimens coming from different institutions (P, MPU, B, ALF…) with diverse geographic origins
and years of collection. We are therefore proposing topresent the preliminary results on the potential application of NIRS as a tool for species systematic discrimination on these two datasets.

Samantha Bazan1,2, Morgane
Dendoncker3, Elodie Baby1,2, Denis
Bastianelli1,2, Jennifer Mersni1,2,
Alexia Bennert3, Mia Svensk1,2, Simon
Taugourdeau1,2, Laurent Bonnal1,2
1 CIRAD, UMR SELMET, Montpellier, France. 2 SELMET,
Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France. 3 Université Catholique de Louvain,
Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences,
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

P.0143 Seed morphology
of genus Alysicarpus Desv.
(Fabaceae, Desmodieae)
from India: Identificationof species and systematic
significance.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising tool for
valorizing herbarium specimens as it allows to gather
information on plants without damaging valuable andhistorical samples. The CIRAD herbarium is currently
testing various approaches. One approach involves
using NIRS as a tool for systematic discrimination. Assuming that intraspecific variations in the nir-infrared
spectrum are smaller than the interspecific variations,
it may be possible to identify herbarium specimens
within some genus, using appropriate calibration. Preliminary testing was carried out on two Pistacia species
and their hybrid, using some specimens dating back

Shantanu Y. Chavan1, Rupali R. Taur2
1 Department of Botany, Sant Dnyaneshwar Mahavidyalaya Soegaon Dist Chhatrapati Sambhaji

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Nagar, India. 2 Ambedkar Marathwada University
Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, India.

$90,000) and the MicroNIR InnoSpec (spectral range
900-1700 nm, weight 300 g, cost $2,000) to recognize
species field during the forest inventory of standing
trees using the spectra of the inner bark and discriminant analysis. It was possible to determine that
the MicroNIR device is not available to recognize
species via spectra of the bark. The accuracy of theMicronir was less than 50%compared to the accuracy of the ASD FieldSpec, which was more than 90%
for the same trees. The MicroNIR has a shorter wavelength and lower resolution than ASD FieldSpec, andthe quality of the spectral information was insufficient. Recognizing the efficiency of a cheaper andsmaller device in identifying species in the field withhigh precision can open up a range of possibilities
for applying this tool in the scientific field and thetimber industry, as well as by government agencies
and Non-Governmental Organizations. However, itis necessary to conduct more tests with different
equipment to find a cheap and smaller device torecognize tree species in the field.

Studies on the genus Alysicarpus Desv. pertaining
testatopography, surface pattern, exomorphic, &endomorphic character. The present study representing of 42 variants of genus Alysicarpus. Seeds
of 42 variants of Alysicarpus were studied in respect
to their length, width, seed index, shape, size, colour,
surface structure, position of hylum, spermoderm
pattern and anticlinal cell wall as well as periclinal
cell wall. The occurrence of faveolate pattern in 13
taxa makes unique characteristic of the genus Alysicarpus in the family fabaceae. The Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed different types of spermoderm patterns and seeds size provide considerable
as qualitative character that could be used to distinguish the section of this genus because the seeds
characteristic support to specific and infraspecificclassification. The SEM showed that the unique seeds
coat morphology and combination of other seeds
morphological and micromorphological characteristics permits a key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on seed characters is provided.

P.0145 Assessing therole of interspecific andintraspecific plantplant interactions in a
mountainous Mediterranean
forest

P.0144 Identifying species
using spectra of the barkin standing trees: testing
the Micronir for recognizing
species in the Amazon field

Angela Illuminati1, David S. Pescador1,2,
Ana I. García-Cervigón1, Sergio Núñez1,
Javier Pajares1, P Castro SánchezBermejo3,4, Silvia Matesanz1, Cristina
Poyatos1, Marcelino de la Cruz1, Ana M.
Sánchez1, Adrián Escudero1

Flavia Durgante1,2; Hilana Hadlich2;
Caroline Vasconcelos2; Caroline
Mallmann3; Ricardo Perdiz2; Jochen
Schongart2; Maria Tereza Fernandes
Piedade2; Florian Wittmann1,2
1 Department of Wetlands, IFGG, Karlsruhe Instituteof Technology, Rastatt, Germany. 2 Botanical Post
Graduate Course at National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil. 3 Department of Geography, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa
Maria, Brazil.

1 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. 2
Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia yBotánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Institute of
Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin
Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
4 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Identifying species levels in hyperdiverse areas suchas the Amazon Forest is a time-consuming, laborious process that is also prone to many errors. Developing fast and low-cost methods to support the
species identification process in the field is fundamental for improving the quality of the inventories of
the Amazon Forest. To meet this objective, we tested two spectrometers in the field, the ASD FieldSpec
4 (spectral range 350-2500 nm, weight 8 kg, cost

In the last decades, plant ecologists have increasingly focused their attention on intraspecific variability, as a key portion of diversity so far overlooked.
Specifically, this component of diversity may be ofinterest for the study of coexistence processes inlocal communities, with special emphasis to plant89

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communities with a low number of species, whereintraspecific competition may be notably high. In thiscontext, we aimed to assess neighbourhood scale
processes undergoing in a mountainous Mediterranean forest characterized by two tree species of thegenus Pinus, where strong plant-plant interaction
processes are expected both between and within
species. We georeferenced and mapped all matureindividuals (n = 965) in a 1.5 ha plot in a forest located in the Alto Tajo National Park (Guadalajara province, central Spain). This spatially explicit approach
was combined with the phenotypic characterizationof all adults in the forest, through the application ofpredictive models obtained by using near infrared
spectroscopy techniques. Through this novel approach, we could identify the relative importance ofboth inter- and intraspecific interactions, thus giving a new perspective on key fine-scale coexistence
processes driving plant community assembly inmountainous Mediterranean forests.

ba. Representative specimens were collected in 2022
from a hedgerow and pressed, dried for 48 hours, andassembled into the four treatments: one in a standard
herbarium cabinet (control conditions) and three ingrowth chambers (18°C, 21°C, 24°C) to accelerate degradation. At this time, initial fresh-leaf spectral readings were conducted. In 2023, after 1 year within thesetreatments, the corresponding dried leaf spectra (3502400 nm) were measured. These data will be used toanalyze the effects of degradation on spectral analysis across treatment types by building an empiricalmodel using multivariate techniques to estimate leaf
functional traits via the use of least squares regression(PLSR). This research is among the earliest studies using PLSR modelling on intact dried leaves like those inherbaria, as previous models have been trained using
the reflectance spectra of either fresh or ground, dried,
but not intact, dried leaves.

P.0147 Association of leaf
spectral variation withfunctional genetic variants

P.0146 Herbarium leaf
spectroscopy andestimating functional traits
from degraded specimens

Cheng Li1, Ewa A. Czyż1, Rishav Ray2, Rayko
Halitschke2, Ian T. Baldwin2, Bernhard
Schmid1, Michael E. Schaepman1,
Meredith C. Schuman1,3

Rykkar Jackson1, Dominic Wood2, Jordan
Wilson-Morrison2, Subbaiah Mechanda2,
Shan Kothari3, Warren CardinalMcTeague1

1 Department of Geography, University of Zürich,
Zürich, Switzerland. 2 Department of Molecular
Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology,
Jena, Germany. 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

1 Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
2 Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada. 3
Département des sciences biologiques, Universitéde Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada.

The application of in-field and aerial spectroscopy to assess functional and phylogenetic variationin plants has led to novel ecological insights andpromises to support global assessments of plantbiodiversity. Understanding the influence of plant
genetic variation on reflectance spectra will help toharness this potential for biodiversity monitoring andimprove our understanding of why plants differ intheir functional responses to environmental change.
Here, we use a well-resolved genetic mapping population of the coyote tobacco Nicotiana attenuata,
to associate genetic differences with differences inleaf spectra between plants in a field experimentin their natural environment. We analyzed the leaf
reflectance spectra using a hand-held spectroradiometer on plants from 325 fully genotyped recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of N. attenuata grown in arandomized block design. We then tested three approaches to conducting Genome-Wide Association

The estimation of leaf functional traits using leaf spectroscopy is a novel and underutilized technique in biological collections. With ~400 million plant specimens
being held in ~3,500 herbaria worldwide today, there is
massive potential for the use of spectroscopy on driedleaf samples. Once models are developed to quantify
the limits of leaf spectroscopy on degraded herbarium specimens, such as those which have been stored
for decades or centuries, we will better know the extent
to which we can use herbaria to estimate leaf functional traits through time. This research expands theapplication of collections-based leaf spectroscopy byquantifying the limits of specimen degradation in leaf
spectral analyses. To do so, this project utilizes spectra from both fresh and dried leaves of Ginkgo bilo-90

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habitat degradation, changes in agricultural practices and the inability to relocate certain species
suggests that many hawthorns may be in decline
across North America. It is therefore imperative todevelop new approaches that facilitate their identification, in order to facilitate detection and monitoring of wild and potentially threatened populations.
We here test if leaf reflectance spectra (400-2,400nm) can distinguish genetic clusters in hawthorns.
We first inferred a phylogeny of North American
hawthorns using data from hundreds of nuclear
genes obtained with a Malineae-specific HybSeq
probe set. We then acquired leaf-level reflectancedata from dry hawthorn specimens deposited in
herbaria, and tested whether classification models
based on leaf spectra can identify clades inferredusing the phylogenetic approach. Preliminary results obtained from more than 300 Crataegus accessions show that spectral reflectance is useful for
infrageneric and species-level identification.

Studies (GWAS) on spectral variants. We introduce
a new Hierarchical Spectral Clustering with Parallel
Analysis (HSC-PA) method. This method efficiently captured the variation in our high-dimensional
dataset and allowed us to discover a novel association, between a locus on chromosome 1 and the445-499 nm spectral range, which corresponds tothe blue light absorption region of chlorophyll, indicating a genetic basis for variation in photosynthetic efficiency. These associations lie in close proximity
to candidate genes known to be expressed in leaves
and having annotated functions as methyltransferases, indicating possible underlying mechanisms
governing these spectral differences. In contrast, an
approach using well-established spectral indicesrelated to photosynthesis, reducing complex spectra to a few dimensionless numbers, was not able
to identify any robust associations with genotypes,
while an approach treating single wavelengths as
phenotypes identified the same associations as
HSC-PA, but without the statistical power to pinpoint
significant associations. HSC-PA approach offers an
insightful, data-driven analysis of genetic factors inleaf spectral variation, aiding future research.

P.0148 Using spectralreflectance as a tool for
species recognition intaxonomically complex
groups: a case study inhawthorns (Crataegus)
Marc-Aurèle Vallée1, Roman Ufimov2,
Roswitha Schmickl3, Tim Dickinson4,
Étienne Lacroix-Carignan1, Etienne
Laliberté1, Étienne Léveillé-Bourret1
1 University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. 2 Austrian Research Centre for Forest, Vienna, Austria. 3
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 4 ROM
Green Plant Herbarium, Toronto, Canada.
The hawthorns (Crataegus, Rosaceae) are a taxonomically complex group of ca. 400 species, manyof which reproduce by facultative apomixis, with relatively frequent production of hybrids. This remarkable diversity, coupled with an intricate breeding
system and reticulate evolution, poses significant
challenges for those attempting species identification. Consequently, hawthorns have garnered a reputation for being problematic within the botanicalcommunity and remain largely understudied. Yet,91

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S.016. ASSESSING AND CLASSIFYING THE
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF ALIENPLANTS
P.0149 Implications forthe use of Parthenium
hysterophorus as soil
amendment to combat
Macrophomina phaseolina
causing disease in maize

centration (Ci)] functions of maize. Although, thehigher concentrations (1 and 1.5%) of P. hysterophorus were more inhibitory on the pathogen, but theseconcentrations also caused significantly more deleterious effects on the maize plants. These results
suggest to test the donor plants for having allelopathic effects on the recipient plants before testing
the donor plants meant to combat the pathogens
in the field crops.

Muhammad Akbar1, Nazir Aslam1,
Tayyaba Khalil1

P.0150 Mapping the invasive
footprint of exotic plants:
an analysis of gardenassociated species in a hightouristic municipality

1 Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat,
Pakistan.
Allelochemicals from numerous plants have beenreported to exert their effects in combating thefungal pathogens. Moreover, these allelochemicals have also been reported to affect the growthof recipient plants. Allelopathic activity of Parthenium hysterophorus have been well recognized ashaving effects on fungal pathogens like Macrophomina phaseolina as well as on plants but there are
no reports that describe the allopathic effects of P.
hysterophorus about in vivo control efficacy against
M. phaseolina as well as its effects on the recipient
plant. Herein, we reported that P. hysterophorus has
allelopathic effects on the pathogen as well as on
the crop. Treatments were included to estimate theeffects of P. hysterophorus amendment into the soilon the growth, biochemical and physiological functions with or without pathogen at 3 concentrations.
P. hysterophorus amended soil 0.5% (w/w) reduced
the disease incidence, disease severity index, area
under disease incidence progress curve and area
under disease incidence progress curve to 40, 23, 38
and 35%, respectively over infested control. Moreover, this concentration increased shoot length,shoot dry mass, root dry mass, chlorophyll a, b andcarotenoids by 15.9, 18.6, 29.4, 7.5, 19.3, and 10.1%, overinfested control. This concentration also exerted
minimum inhibitory effects on the defense related
antioxidant enzymes (super oxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), and physiological [Carbon
assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs),transpiration (E), and internal carbon dioxide con-Miquel Capó1, Antoni Palerm2, Joshua
Borràs2
1 Plant & Animal Ecology Lab. Centro para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad y el Desarrollo
Sostenible, Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos
Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Research Group of Plant Biology under
Mediterranean Conditions. Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.
A great number of cultivated plants in private, business and public gardens in the Meditarranean Basin are exotic species. Among them, many havea high invasive potential, being a major threat tonative species and natural landscapes. To prevent
this, the early detection of invasive species and theassessment of propagule pressure is essential. Despite many studies have focused on the expansionof exotic species in Mediterranean regions, finescale analysis at local or regional level are scarce.
This is contrary to what conservation management
requires, as information at local level helps to design and personalize concrete elimination strategies. In this study, we used Son Servera municipality(Mallorca, Balearic Islands) as a local-study casebecause it comprehends a mix of touristic businesses, high-income residential housing and golfcourses. There, we exhaustively explored the area

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collecting inventories of garden-associated exotic species found in the wild. Our study identified 68
garden-associated exotic taxa with a ca. 30% withgreat invasiveness potential. Moreover, only 8 species are considered invasive in Balearic Islands. We
also detected that hotels and private gardens wereby far the most used source of horticultural species, although garden plants were replaced and/or renewed after relatively long periods of time. The
case of Lantana camara is alarming as it was themost frequent species found in the area. Fleshy berries probably dispersed by birds makes the area of
propagation of L. camara far greater than other invasive species. We conclude that detecting the local
expansion spots in the area, as the case of hotels
and private gardens in this study, is the main priority
to implement an optimum conservation plan. Also,
detecting the species with the most invasive behaviour, as the case of L. camara in this study, will be
useful to establish a priority scale when designing
eradication programs.

es of a randomly-selected sample of 243 Australianangiosperms, determining the relative importanceof significant traits for predicting range size. Native
and total global (i.e., native plus introduced) range
were measured using Extent of Occurrence andArea of Occupancy values. Functional traits encompassing a species’ competitive ability (plant height,
leaf area), pollination (flower architecture) and dispersal mode (fruit structure) are identified here asimportant determinants of range size differences,some of which are known to be key dimensions ofplant ecological strategies. This study contributes toan improved understanding of the traits that makea species widespread across its native and total
global range, indicating potential invasiveness traits
and informing trait-based frameworks to predict
species’ invasion potential.

P.0152 Allochthonous plants
in three green areas ofBarcelona

P.0151 Understanding andpredicting invasiveness inthe native Australian flora
using functional traits

Carles Burguera i Martín1, 2, Francisco
Javier Font Castell1, Pere Fraga i
Arguimbau2
1 Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Jardí
Botànic Marimurtra, Blanes, Spain.

Laurel Constanti Crosby1,2, Ana Claudia
Araújo2, Neil A. Brummitt2

Barcelona is the second most populated city in
Spain, with an area of 101.35 km2 and a population
density of 16.339 per sq Km. The city has green areas,parks and urban hills used for the citizens and tourists in many different activities. Three out of five largest areas, apart from Collserola mountain range,
are the area known as the “three hills”. These hills
are Turó de la Rovira (0.42 km2 and 262 m.a.s.l.), Turódel Carmel (0.3 km2 and 266 m.a.s.l.) and Parc dela Creueta del Coll (0.17 km2 and 245 m.a.s.l.). Thesenatural areas did not have an active managementby the city council, and most of them are semi wild
natural, being a relict representation of the Mediterranean wild flora in the city. The presence of naturalized, escaped or persistent allochthonous plants,
some of them reported for the first time for the cityof Barcelona, makes noticeable these green areas
as a hotspot for alien plants and a possible acclimatization zone. Most of the species are well known
taxa in Catalonia (northeastern Spain), and themain part of them could have been introduced bypublic and private gardens or ornamental plants, aswell as some persistent old tree plantations. In thesework, we present an accurate list and distribution of

1 Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK. 2
Natural History Museum, London, UK.
Invasive species are well-recognised contributors
to native biodiversity declines, prompting efforts tolimit future invasions. To predict which species display the greatest invasion potential, an improved
understanding of traits associated with invasivenessis necessary. It is expected that the same traits that
confer a large range size will also predispose species to invasiveness by enabling them to become
widespread in non-native regions, suggesting range
size could act as a useful proxy for invasion potential. To date, studies examining plant traits associated with range size (or invasiveness directly) have focused primarily on European flora, and several traits,
including reproductive morphology and leaf architecture, remain relatively unexplored in this context.
In this study, trait information obtained from taxonomic descriptions was used to explore the association between 29 functional traits and the range siz-93

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the allochthonous plant taxa of the “three hills” ofBarcelona, his naturalization category, corologicaldistribution and the potential danger range as analien species.

This aligns with the native ranges of many species,
which range from paleotropical or broad distributed
neotropicals (also present in the paleotropical), andeuroasiatic to cosmopolitan. These results support
nurseries as possible pathway for opportunistic species. And emphasize the importance of proper substrate use, plant control, and in situ contamination
avoidance in nurseries. Although those species havea low probability of successful establishment in European nature, some of them have been found to bewell established in various habitats and even to beinvasive. It is vital to take strict measures, particularly concerning coconut peach substrate, to mitigate
risks and safeguard delicate restoration efforts.

P.0153 Exploring nurseries
as vectors for plant
introductions: a deep
dive into insights on plantcontaminants
Carles Cardona1 2, Pere M. Mir-Rosselló2,
Lorenzo Gil2, Javier Fabado3, Jaime
Güemes3 P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego4,
Inmaculada Ferrando-Pardo4, Emilio
Laguna4, Marcello Dante Cerrato2

P.0154 Germination
experiments on indehiscenttwo-seeded fruits of theinvasive weed Xanthium
spinosum

1 Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Institut Balear
de la Natura, Palma, Spain 2 Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the
Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. 3 Jardín Botánico de
Valencia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia. Spain.
4 Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Red Natura 2000 Centro para la Investigación y Experimentación
Forestal, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.

Miguel A. Copete1, Elena Copete1, Pablo
Ferrandis1, Alejandro Santiago1, José M.
Herranz1

Plant species introductions pose a global threat to
ecosystem conservation, with institutional nurseries playing a crucial role in habitat restoration andendangered species reinforcement. However, thesubstrates used in nurseries can inadvertently become a pathway for contaminant taxa. This study
in Balearic Islands and Valencia assessed the riskof contaminant plant species in nurseries linked toconservation. Examining two nurseries dedicated toplant forestry and conservation projects and one
to ornamental plants, the study identified 122 contaminant taxa. Among them, 22 species are first records for the European and Mediterranean region,and 12 are in only three or fewer places. Non-native taxa are notably, 90% for Valencia and 60% forBalearic Islands. Moreover, 60-70% of non-natives
represent novelties for both regions. Taxonomically,
the recorded species span 39 families, with varying
prevalence of Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Asteraceae. Only five taxa are common to all nurseries. Contaminated substrate, primarily from coconut peach(50-60%), serves as the main introduction pathway.
Local contamination is relevant (20-40%), along withunknown origins, presumed to be the latter. Most
species are annuals, with a bioclimatic preference
for tropical or subtropical regions (70%) and being the remaining from temperate climates (30%).

1 Botanical Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
Understanding the germination ecology of invasiveplants is crucial for comprehending their behavior
and spread. In the case of Xanthium spinosum, anative of South America that has become a global menace, analyzing germination processes can
aid in developing effective strategies for controllingits expansion. This study aims to evaluate optimal
germination conditions for X. spinosum, specifically focusing on temperature and light factors. Fruits
were collected from 10 plants, revealing no significant differences in fruit size or average number of
viable seeds (1.74 viable seeds/fruit). Remarkably,
77% of the fruits contained two viable seeds, contributing to its potential dominance. Being indehiscent fruits, germination trials were conducted with
intact fruits to simulate natural conditions, allowing
the emergence of up to two seedlings per fruit. The
thermoperiods analyzed represented the thermal
conditions throughout the year in Mediterranean
environments. Incubation temperatures of 5°C and
28/14°C resulted in the lowest radicle emergence.
For other thermoperiods, radicles emerged in 6571% of the fruits, with only 6.9% exhibiting germination of both seeds. Maximum germination of both94

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seeds (22.5%) occurred at the 25/10°C thermoperiod.
However, incubation temperature did not influencemean germination time (MGT). Additionally, light
conditions had no impact on germination percentage, but it did affect MGT, with darkness promoting
faster germination. After 9 months of desiccation inlaboratory conditions, 2.1% of fruits still germinated.
The low proportion of fruits with both seeds germinated indicates the accumulation of dormant seeds
in the soil seed bank, emphasizing the need to study
the mechanisms triggering their emergence fromdormancy. This research provides valuable insights
into the germination dynamics of X. spinosum, essential for developing targeted invasive plant management strategies.

“greater impact” according to scientific and abundance/extension aspects of the taxon itself in situ,
although remaining outside the law. Environmental
and bioclimatic variables that affected their distribution were also studied to correlate these with thebioclimatic belts and occupied vegetation belts andthen determine possible areas of expansion. In thisway, it’s possible that dispersion can be predicted
and managed, and their advance stopped. Likewise,due to the environmental value of the study area
and the increasing risk that the dispersion of these
species would cause, their inclusion in the Spanish
Catalogue of Invasive Exotic Species is proposed
to guarantee the application of the corresponding
regulations.

P.0155 Avoiding the law:
Clandestine invasive alien
species in the evergreen
cloudforest

P.0156 Determination of
the type of evergreen
cloudforest most affectedby the occupation of IAS
in the Macizo de Anaga
Biosphere Reserve

Alberto de la Rosa Padilla1, Victoria E.
Martín Osorio1, Wolf H. Wildpret Martín2,
Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre1

Alberto de la Rosa Padilla1, Victoria E.
Martín Osorio1, Wolf H. Wildpret Martín2,
Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre1

1 Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. 2 Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography ResearchGroup. Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology. University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

1 Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias,
Spain. 2 University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Since 2007 Spanish legislation prescribes the needto monitor exotic species with invasive potential(Law 42/2007, of December 13, on Natural Heritageand Biodiversity, article 61.4). From 2013 onwards, it isin the annex to the Royal Decree 630/2013, of August2, which regulates the Spanish Catalogue of Invasive
Exotic Species, where the territorial scope of application for these invasive alien species is detailed. After the study of species distribution in the evergreen
cloudforest of the Anaga Rural Park (Biosphere Reserve), Tenerife, Canary Islands, 5 species have been
identified and defined as sure introduced invasive(from Spanish; ISI); these occupy a considerable
area but that for the moment remain outside the
Spanish Catalogue of Invasive Exotic Species. These
five clandestine species are: Eucalyptus globulus
Labill., Crocosmia Planch., Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka, Crassula multicava Lem. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis. In order to obtain these results, 82
exotic species have been inventoried using a geobotanical information system (GBOTIS). A total of 37
species were defined as sure introduced invasive.
Five out of these 37 IAS were identified as having

This paper determines the area occupied by invasive
alien species (IAS) in each of the four types of potential evergreen cloudforest relict vegetation of thetertiary present in The Macizo de Anaga Biosphere
Reserve. A total of 1011 relevés were carried out using
a geobotanical information system (GBOTIS), whichallowed us to have information on the abundance/
extension of the invasive taxa and on environmental variables. The percentage of potential cloudforest vegetation type occupied by IAS were: Lauro
novocanariensis-Perseo indicae sigmetum: 51.11%;
Visneo mocanerae-Arbuto canariensis sigmetum:53.11%; Ilici canariensis-Erico platycodonis sigmetum
51.08%; Diplazio caudati-Ocoteo foetentis sigmetum: 71.05%. The latter, known as the “hydrophilous
laurel forest”, only presents its climax stage in 5,26%of the potentiality of its studied area, 15,79% corresponding to cultivated areas and the rest (78,95%)
to other stages of substitution/degradation. The
dominant thermotype is mainly Thermomediterranean (92.11%) and the most common bioclimaticbelt, the subhumid pluviseasonal Thermomediterra-95

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nean without trade-wind clouds (76.32%). Finally, tenof the thirteen introduced species have been classified as sure introduced invasive and eight of theseappear included in the Spanish Catalogue of Invasive Exotic Species (Royal Decree 630/2013). Arundo
donax L. is present in more than half of the relevés(52.63%) with an abundance index of 5. These values contrast with other studied species (Ageratina
adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Cenchrus
setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone, Erigeron canadensis L.,
Impatiens sodenii Engl. & Warb., Nassella neesiana(Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth) which, despite being able
to reach abundance indexes of 4, do not exceed an
occupancy rate of more than 5.26%. After the study,“hydrophilous laurel forest” is considered as themost disturbed kind of evergreen cloudforest. The
priority control of Arundo donax is proposed due tothe values obtained and, in addition, because it isa transforming species,which puts biodiversity andconservation at risk.

allochthonous species, mostly from the Asparagaceae (12.5%), Asteraceae (8.3%) and Poaceae (8.3%)
family. Of these species, 41.7% were classified as ‘poor
invaders’, and 38.5% as ‘moderate invaders’. Notably, a
19.8% of the allochthonous species were ‘super invaders’ occupying more than 20% of Habitats of Community Interest (HCIs). Some of these ‘super invaders’ areArundo donax L., Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl., Oxalis pes-caprae L., Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br., Lantana camara L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
Because of this, we recommend establishing a more
rigorous monitoring of these species due to their highinvasiveness and establish them as priority management or eradication species.

P.0158 Multiple introductionsof divergent lineages andadmixture conferred thehigh invasiveness in a wide
spread weed (Hypochaeris
radicata)

P.0157 Invasion degree of
non-native plant species in
the Alboran Sea: coasts ofMalaga and Granada.

Soo-Rang Lee1*, Tae-Young Choi1, DongChan Son2
1 Department of Biology Education, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea. 2 Division of Forest Biodiversity and Herbarium, Korea National Arboretum,
Pocheon, Korea.

Estefany Goncalves1, Federico CasimiroSoriguer1, Jaiver García-Caballero1, Noelia
Hidalgo-Triana1.

Biological invasion consists of spatially and temporally varying stages accompanied by ecological andevolutionary changes. However, these changes are
not straightforward, as the environmental barriers andcoping strategies differ and are intertwined acrossthe stages. Post-invasion shifts are particularly intricate, encompassing nearly all major determinantsof invasion stages at metacommunity scale. Consequently, understanding the post-invasion dynamics
provides critical information on the rate and directionof invasion. Here, we used genomic data and model-based approaches to characterize the post-invasion dynamics of Hypochaeris radicata L., a noxious
weed in Korea. Genetic diversity and assignment patterns were investigated using 3,563 SNPs on 283 individuals sampled from 22 populations. We employeda coalescent-based simulation method to estimate
demographic changes for each population and inferred colonization history using both phylogenetic
and model-based approaches. Our data suggested
that H. radicata has repeatedly been introduced to
Korea from multiple genetic sources within the last

1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
The Iberian coastal environment of the Alboran Sea
is characterised by a great diversity and richness of
species and a high diversity of coastal habitats, manyof them included as Habitats of Community Interest(HCI) in the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC. These HCI are
particularly relevant in the European context, although
they are especially fragile, due to multiple factors thatthreaten their conservation. Among these threats, theincrease in the presence of invasive non-native species emerges as one of the most significant problems.
The aim of this study is to estimate the potential invasiveness of non-native species present in the coasts ofMalaga and Granada, with the aim of identifying themost invasive species. To achieve this, we sampled
the allochthonous species present in the study area
and classified them in three categories (super, moderate and poor invaders) based on three criteria: species distribution or range, abundance and the numberof habitats occupied by the species. We registered 97

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50 years experiencing subsequent population bottlenecks. Genetic diversity was relatively well-maintained
for an invasive herb with a recent invasion history
and rapid demographic shifts. Collectively, the results
demonstrate the potential for further range expansion, particularly in the presence of anthropogenic impacts. Our study is the first population-level genomic
research documenting the post-invasion dynamics ofthe successful invader, H. radicata, outside of Europe.
The integrated approach employed in our study canwidely be applied to other invasive species within theirnovel ranges.

work, we firstly provided the European and Mediterreanean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) witha list of emergent IAPs for Italy, and after applieda methodological framework that combined SDM,
clustering and ordination in order to produce a prioritization management list for emergent IAPs at thenational scale (Italy). The identification of emergent
IAPs was achieved by members of the Italian Botanical Society (SBI). Occurrences of each IAP were retrieved from GBIF. Current and future suitable areasof each IAP were identified using MaxEnt and bioclimatic variables retrieved from the Chelsa database.
After, we estimated the current and future suitability
percentage in each Italian bioregion, and we calculated future suitability changes caused by climatechange. The suitability percentages were the data
to define prioritization list combining cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS)
ordination analysis and classification of IAPs. The
list of emergent IAPs included 36 species invadingor potentially invading at least one of the three biogeographical (Mediterranean – M, Continental – C,
Alpine – A) regions of Italy. Overall suitability models showed excellent predictive performances (AUC
> 0.945, BCI > 0.786), and most IAPs were classified
with high and very high suitability class in M and C
regions. Three clusters showing different suitability
for the Italian bioregions were identified by cluster
analysis, and the three NMDS estimate the cluster internal variability, current distribution pattern of IAPs
and classification in the prioritization list. The proposed prioritization framework has proved efficient,fast and reproducible procedure in order to indicate
management actions for emergent IAPs in Italy.

P.0159 Prioritizing
management actions for
emergent invasive alienplants through expertbased knowledge andSpecies Distribution Models
Vanessa Lozano1,10, Flavio Marzialetti1,10,
Alicia T. R. Acosta2, Iduna Arduini3,
Gianluigi Bacchetta4, Gianniantonio
Domina5, Valentina L. A. Laface6, Valerio
Lazzeri7, Chiara Montagnani8,10, Maria
C. Musarella6, Gianluca Nicolella8,
Lina Podda4, Giovanni Spampinato6,
Gianmarco Tavilla9, Giuseppe Brundu1,10
1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universityof Sassari, Sassari, Italy. 2 Department of Science,
University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. 3 Departmentof Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of
Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 4 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. 5 Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest
Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. 6
Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy. 7 Natural History Museum of Rosignano Marittimo, Livorno, Italy. 7 Department of Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
8 Acta Plantarum ODV, Genova, Italy. 9 Departmentof Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. 10 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.

P.0160 Field demonstrations
for water chestnut (Trapa
spp.) management – Year 1
Lynde Dodd1, Ryan McIntyre2,3, Kristina
Hellinghausen2,4, Nancy Rybicki3,
Christopher Mudge1, Benjamin Sperry1
1 U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development
Center, USA. 2 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and
Education, Oak Ridge, USA. 3 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, USA. 4 University of North Texas, Denton, USA.

Innovative tools for rapid and efficient prioritization
lists of emergent invasive alien plants (IAPs) areessential to support cost-effective management
strategy. In this context, Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are a sound tool for predicting current
and future suitable areas for new IAPs. Within thisCollaborative applied research conducted under
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Aquatic Plant Control Research Program is currently developing management strategies of introduced water chestnut97

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species, Trapa natans and T. bispinosa var. iinumai.
While much information exists on management in
the U.S., specifically targeting T. natans, knowledge
gaps exist in translating management strategies
from one congener to another, and whether currently employed strategies are successful in reducing impact and spread of this invasive aquatic plant. Demonstrations and lessons learned fromYear 1 of a 2-year project work focus on determining what management approach works best in an
operational setting to control two water chestnut
species. While not all known strategies are reviewed,
those currently being implemented and recent findings from greenhouse and mesocosm studies were
demonstrated during the summer of 2023 at fieldsites in New York for T. natans, and in Virginia andMaryland for T. bispinosa. Preliminary results indicate that foliar herbicide applications work well to
reduce biomass for both species of water chestnut,
but that biomass harvesting strategies employed
for T. natans will need further investigation for implementation large-scale for T. bispinosa control.
Findings from this 2-year study will be used to refinewater chestnut management strategies.

atomical features. Stomatal index was determinedby taking the epidermal peels of leaves collectedfrom study sites. Pond apple is a semi deciduous
woody tree, typically grow 30 to 40 feet tall and 10
to 20 feet wide. The clusters of seedlings produce
and appears to be tightly packed multi-stemmed
trees. Twigs are spotted with reddish brown, warty,
raised projections called lenticels. The striking fact
recognised by the socio-economic survey is thatmost of the local people are not bothered about the
impacts of Annona glabra L. In other words, they are
not recognizing the’ slow poison’ effect of Annona
glabra. The present study was an attempt to familiarize the negative impacts of this invasive species
to the society.

P.0162 Impact of theinvasive alien macrophyte
Ludwigia hexapetala on
freshwater ecosystems:
evidence from field data
Emanuele Pelella1

P.0161 Annona glabra L.
invasion in wetlands ofkannur district of Kerala,India

1 Department of Science, University of Roma Tre,
Rome, Italy.
Biological invasions are a serious threat to biodiversity conservation, especially in freshwater
ecosystems. The American macrophyte Ludwigia
hexapetala, which colonizes both the aquatic andbank habitats of lakes, rivers, and canals, is invading many waterbodies in Europe, becoming an increasingly worrisome threat in several European
countries, including Italy. However, only fragmentary
information is available on the actual impact of its
invasion in these habitats. This study aims to collectfield data, including plant cover and environmental
variables, from various freshwater habitats in central and northern Italy, to assess the possible impactof L. hexapetala on the environmental parametersand plant biodiversity of the invaded habitats. The
results show that in aquatic habitats, dense floating
L. hexapetala populations reduce the light levels anddissolved oxygen available in the water, significantly
altering water quality and consequently limiting the
growth of other aquatic plants. Indeed, L. hexapetala
populations negatively affect aquatic plant diversity,
as an increase in L. hexapetala cover corresponded
to a decrease in Simpson’s diversity index. This suggests that aquatic plants, being the first to face thealien species in its colonization phase, are more sus-

P. Sreeja1
1 PG Department of Botany and Research Centre,
Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kerala, India.
Wetlands seems to be vulnerable to invasions. Furthermore, many wetland invaders form monotypes,
which alter habitat structure, lower biodiversity(both number and “quality” of species), change nutrient cycling and productivity (often increasing it),and modify food webs. In Kannur district recently it
was found that an invasive species namely Annona glabra, commonly called pond apple spreadingin the mangrove rich wetlands. Through this study
an attempt was made to understand its distribution,
stress tolerance ability and other adaptive featuresof Annona glabra, make them a successful invader. For this study frequent field visits conducted in
all the parts of mangrove rich as well as other riverside and coastal wetlands. Samples were collectedfrom different sites and interview was carried out
with some stake holders. Microscopic sections ofleaf, stem and root was analyzed for studying an-98

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P.0165 Suppressing theinvasive common milkweed(Asclepias syriaca L.) saves
soil moisture reserves

ceptible to its invasion. In contrast, in bank habitats,L. hexapetala has no significant impact on plant diversity. Evidence suggests that some native species,
such as Phragmites australis, which generally form
compact populations along the banks, effectively
counteract the invasion of L. hexapetala, hindering
the establishment of its propagules arriving fromnearby invaded aquatic areas. This information may
prove valuable for the environmental managers of
those freshwater habitats where L. hexapetala invasion needs to be addressed and controlled.

Benedek Tóth1, Csaba Tölgyesi2, Zoltán
Bátori1, Alida Anna Hábenyczus1, Kata Frei1,
Viktória Tóth1
1 Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. 2 MTA-SZTE ’Momentum’ Applied
Ecology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.

P.0164 Habitat suitability ofinvasive alien Populus alba
L. in South Africa

Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) is a widespread invasive alien forb in dry sandy habitats ofCentral Europe. It affects native plant and animalcommunities in many ways, but its ecosystem-level effects, particularly on moisture regime, are little
known. Since milkweed has an extensive, deep rootsystem and large, broad leaves, we assumed anegative effect on the soil moisture content of thehosting ecosystem. In seven partially invaded sandy grasslands of Hungary, we compared the soil
moisture content of the top 120 cm of the soil under
milkweed stands to that of non-invaded referenceparts of the grasslands. To prove the causal role ofmilkweed in soil moisture differences, we treatedhalf of the milkweed stands in the second year bymechanically removing all above-ground biomassof milkweed and continued the comparative soil
moisture measurements started in the first year. We
found that milkweed stands had significantly driersoils compared to reference grasslands during thegrowing season, but the soil under milkweed stands
recharged to the level of the non-invaded references in autumn and winter. However, the amountof moisture needed for this was lost from deeper percolation to ground water. Milkweed removal
efficiently prevented the depletion of soil moistureduring the growing season and could lead to the retention of 21.6 l m-2 of soil moisture on average. Our
results reinforce the importance of milkweed suppression in invaded grasslands, even if it does notlead to a complete eradication of the species and/or the full recovery of the native flora and fauna. The
reduction of milkweed density, even if it is temporary
following herbicide application or other more nature-friendly methods, can promote groundwater
recharge, which is particularly important in the dry
regions of Central Europe, currently facing severe
aridification due to climate change and unfavourable land use trends.

Dikonketso Tlaamela1, Lourens
Swanepoel1, Milingoni Tshisikhawe1,
Sebataolo Rahlao2
1 University of Venda, Limpopo Province, South Africa. 2 Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Kwazulu Natal Province,
South Africa.
Invasive alien plants cause negative environmental and socio-economic impacts. Populus alba L. isamongst the woody alien invasive species present
in South Africa. Populus alba is native to Europe,
North Africa, and Asia; and has been introduced
to South Africa for ornamental purposes. It poses threats to native biodiversity through competition and reduction of surface water runoff. Its
suitable habitats remain unknown in the country,
which present challenges for management measures. This study reports the habitat suitability of P.
alba in South Africa using the species distribution
models. An ensemble model was developed using Maximum Entropy, Generalised Additive Model and Random Forest algorithms. Furthermore, aspecies response curve was generated to assess
the change in species probability of occurrencealong each environmental variable. The accuracyof the models was measured by calculating thearea under the received operator curve and Pearson Correlation Test. The performance accuracy
evaluations of Maxent, Generalised Additive Modeland Random Forest projected a more realistic andpractical method, with mean performance of 0.49,
0.52 and 0.62 respectively. Based on the models,suitable habitat conditions for Populus alba arepresent in Gauteng, Free State, Mpumalanga andWestern Cape provinces.

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P.0166 Cytogeographyof invasive Solidago taxa
in Europe: what is theorigin, fate and role of newcytotypes?
Katarína Skokanová1, BarboraŠingliarová1, Stanislav Španiel1, Michaela
Murgašová2, Kristína Pulišová1,3, Judita
Zozomová-Lihová1
1 Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; judita.zozomova@savba.sk. 2 Department of Biology,
Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. 3 Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry,
Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia.
Invasive alien species have a negative impact on biodiversity and are one of the major threats to native ecosystems. It has been repeatedly shown that evolutionary
processes such as genome duplication and hybridization can form new, more-invasive genotypes. We investigated the karyological variation and cytogeographyof invasive Solidago species in Central Europe by analysing nearly 4800 plants from 800 sampled sites using
flow cytometry and chromosome counting. Our results

are consistent with previous reports, with the diploids of
S. canadensis and the tetraploids of S. gigantea dominating the invasive range. However, we also found rarecytotypes for the first time – triploids of S. canadensis
and pentaploids of S. gigantea. The triploids were scattered within diploid populations, and probably arosefrom a fusion of reduced and unreduced gametes. The
origin of the S. gigantea pentaploids is more obscure;
we recorded hundreds of plants in the invasive range,
although only one pentaploid has been reported so
far from the native range. To assess the true extent of
the threat these new cytotypes pose to nature (comparable or greater than their already successful counterparts?), the origin of the newly discovered polyploids
and their invasive potential were further investigatedusing an integrative approach combining screening ofrelative DNA content, assessment of population genetic
structure by ddRADseq and measurements of reproductive potential and fitness parameters (fertility, modeof reproduction, karyology of progeny, extent of clonality). First findings indicate that pentaploids of S. gigantea
produce reduced but unbalanced gametes that enter
into mating with co-occurring tetraploid plants. This isreflected in the production of viable seeds with a relative DNA content ranging from 4x to 5x in both tetraploidand pentaploid maternal plants. Pentaploids have agreatly reduced seed production and probably reproduce mainly clonally. Acknowledgments: The study was
supported by the grant VEGA 2/0024/23.

S.017. ASSESSING THE INTERPLAY BETWEENGENETIC AND NONGENETIC MECHANISMSCONTRIBUTING TO PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
AND ADAPTATION OVER TIME
P.0167 Evolution ofpollen grain traits in
Malpighiaceae is strongly
correlated with type of habit
and chromosome numbers
Higor Antonio-Domingues1, Marco
Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini1, Isa L. deMorais2, Rafael Felipe de Almeida1,2

1 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil.
Pollen grain morphology is an important morphological character for aiding the systematics of flowering
plants. For Malpighiaceae, just a single unpublishedpalynological study has comprehensively sampled ca.
60 from this family’s 75 currently accepted genera. To
test the evolutionary relevance of pollen morphology inthe face of current phylogenetic evidence for this family, we tested the correlation between pollen traits related to axis and aperture (length, number, position, andtype) with habit types and chromosome numbers. We
sampled all 75 currently accepted genera of Malpighi-

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aceae as ingroups and two genera of Elatinaceae as
outgroups. Pollen grain, plant habit, and chromosome
number traits were retrieved from different sourcesof the literature, scored and coded into six traits andmapped into the most recent generic molecular phylogeny of Malpighiaceae using maximum likelihood criteria. The patterns of pollen grain evolution evidenced
by our results showed that all pollen traits showed astrong correlation with the evolution of different habits
and chromosome numbers in Malpighiaceae. Pollen
grain axis mean values steadily increased in all phylogenetic clades, from the oldest (80 Mya) to the earliest(10 Mya) groups arising throughout the geological time.
Our results evidence that even though the pollen traitsof Malpighiaceae are somewhat homogeneous forthe four largest lianescent clades (Hiraeoid, Malpighioid, Tetrapteroid, and Stigmaphylloid) with larger chromosome numbers, a greater variability in pollen traits
was recorded in the six early diverging, shrubby to treelineages of this family showing smaller chromosome
numbers. Additionally, all pollen traits studied showed
a great taxonomic potential in circumscribing most of
the ten molecular phylogenetic clades resolved in thisfamily and will be properly and widely tested in futurestudies by us.

the response are poorly understood. We reciprocally transplanted living thalli of F. vesiculosus between
two polluted (P) and two unpolluted (UP) sites on the
Galician coast for 90 days. We determined initial (before transplantation) and final (after transplantation)
concentrations of HMs in the thalli and characterized
their genetic (single nucleotide polymorphisms) andepigenetic (cytosine DNA methylation) variability using
epigenotyping by sequencing (epiGBS). Distance based
redundancy analyses of genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic pairwise distance matrices showed that: (i) all
populations differed in their HM content profiles before
transplantation (origin explained 98% of the variation inphenotypic distances). After transplantation, they clustered by exposure site regardless of origin (exposure
explained 60% of the variation in phenotypic distances); (ii) all populations were genetically differentiated;(iii) epigenetic differentiation was not significant before
transplantation and, when accounting for genotype effects, it was not significant either after transplantation;(v) macroalgae from UP sites transplanted within andoutside their origin sites showed a higher proportion ofindividual cytosine methylation changes than thosefrom P sites. Albeit we could not find a consistent epigenetic response to transplantation, potentially due tothe environmental differences across all study sites, wefound differences in the amount of point methylation
changes between macroalgae originated from P and
UP sites. Hence, although genetic mechanisms seem
to prevail, we cannot completely rule out a potential
contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to macroalgal
response to HMs.

P.0168 A field study of themolecular response ofbrown macroalgae to heavy
metal exposure: an (epi)genetic approach

P.0169 Taxonomic
exploration of diatoms insaline wetlands of the Ebro
Basin, NE Spain, integrating
conventional and molecularapproaches

Rita García-Seoane1, Christina L.
Richards2, Jesús R. Aboal3, J. Ángel
Fernández3, Marc W. Schmid4, M. Teresa
Boquete3
1 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), A
Coruña, Spain. 2 University of South Florida, Tampa,
USA. 3 CRETUS, Ecology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 4 MWSchmid GmbH,
Glarus, Switzerland

María Borrego Ramos1,2,*, Saúl Blanco1,2,
Raquel Viso1, Carmen Castañeda3, María
Tierra3

Our understanding of the relative contribution of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to organismal responseto stress is largely biased towards specific taxonomic
groups (e.g., seed plants) and environmental stresses(e.g., drought, salinity). Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the response of the brown macroalgae
Fucus vesiculosus to heavy metal (HM) exposure. This
species can accumulate and tolerate high concentrations of HMs, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying

1 Diatom Lab, University of León - Universidad deLeón, León, Spain. 2 LIMNO Group, University of León
- Universidad de León, León, Spain. 3 Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain.
*mborr@unileon.es
Saline wetlands, renowned for their uniqueness in the
Iberian Peninsula and very scarce in Europe, represent

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intricate lacustrine systems inhabited by dense periphytic algal communities. This study presents results fromcharacterizing diatom populations in diverse saline
wetlands of the Ebro Basin (NE Spain), included among
Natura 2000 sites and the International RAMSAR list of
wetlands. For sample collection, artificial substrata consisting on polypropylene ropes were set over a 6-weekperiod to gather diatoms adhering to their surfaces.
Subsequently, samples from each wetland underwent
analysis using both optical microscopy and molecular
DNA metabarcoding. A short segment of the rbcL gene
was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq High-Throughput
Sequencing (HTS) techniques to generate Amplicon
Sequence Variants (ASVs) via the DADA2 pipeline, taxonomically assigned using the Diat.Barcode database.
This work, part of the ‘Assessment of the sustainability ofagriculture regulated by the CAP in the basins of protected saline wetland’ (AGROWET) project, represents
the first taxonomic exploration of diatom communities
in these wetlands, integrating both methodologies. The
incorporation of molecular techniques allows for thedetection of species not identified by classical methods. This significantly contributes to understanding diatom ecology in saline and hypersaline environments,emphasizing their pivotal role in the dynamics of theseecosystems. The findings have crucial implications forthe management and conservation of these distinctive
habitats, offering enhanced insight into how diatom
communities respond to extreme environmental conditions. This combined approach opens novel perspectives for aquatic biology research, highlighting the necessity to address the conservation of saline wetlands
comprehensively, considering the microscopic diversitythat supports these unique ecosystems.

P.0170 Unlocking thepotential of epigenetic
engineering for sustainable
forests

and resilience. Epigenetic modifications offer a promising, yet complex and still developing approach topotentially enhance the stress tolerance of forest trees
over time. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and ensure safe andeffective application. This study investigated the effectsof 2-aminobutyric acid (BABA), an amino acid with epigenetic-modulating properties, on the growth, physiology, and epigenetic parameters of around 600 fieldelms (Ulmus minor) under normal and drought stressconditions. Epigenetic modifications were assessed inboth DNA and RNA using UPLC-MS. The results demonstrated that BABA treatment significantly improved thegrowth, and chlorophyll content in field elms. Moreover,
BABA induced extensive epigenetic alterations in both
DNA and RNA. These epigenetic changes were linked toenhanced stress tolerance in field elms, as evidenced
by improved resistance to drought stress. The findings
highlight the potential of BABA and other epigenetic
modifiers to enhance the resilience of forest ecosystems to environmental stressors. Additionally, our institute is conducting long-term field trials to evaluate
the persistence of epigenetic modifications induced by
BABA. Epigenetic changes provide a unique advantage
over genetic methods for adaptation to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Unlike genetic changes,
which under natural conditions require multiple generations, epigenetic changes can be induced relatively
rapidly and can be reversed or modified in responseto changing environmental cues. In conclusion, thisstudy demonstrates that epigenetic modification canbe a powerful tool for enhancing stress tolerance inforest trees. Epigenetic engineering offers a promisingalternative to genetic methods and holds potential for
faster improving the resilience of forest ecosystems toenvironmental stressors.

P.0171 Lactuca sativa L.
seedlings under doses of
Lithothamnium calcareum

Hans Hoenicka1, Susanne Bein1, Marta
Starczak2, Daniel Gackowski2

Talys Oliveira1, Edlén Bonela1, Sara
Arantes3, Diego Aguiar3, Giuseppe
Polonini3

1 Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Germany. 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in
Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń,Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Forest trees play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity
and providing ecosystem services. However, they are
increasingly facing environmental stressors such as
drought, heat, and pests, which threaten their survival

1 Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus,
Brazil. 3 Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical
Assistance and Rural Extension, Linhares, Brazil.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) is a typically leafy vegetable with a wide reach for consumers, being the main
ingredient in most salads due to its pleasant flavor
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calcareum have been objects of study to be applied
to plants to increase nutritional efficiency, improve tolerance to abiotic stresses and/or the inherent qualities of crops. The production of seedlings is crucial to
the success of the lettuce production system, which
is why the objective of this work is to investigate the
combined effects of different substrates and doses ofthe biofertilizer Lithothamnium calcareum on the production of seedlings of this vegetable. The experiment
was conducted at the Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa,
Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Espírito Santo(INCAPER). The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 6x2 factorial scheme, with six doses of
Lithothamnium calcareum (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg m-3)
and two types of substrate, Carolina Soil® (CA) andTropstrato HT® (HT). A variety of Stella lettuce was used.
The variations tested were number of leaves, leaf area,stem length, stem diameter and root length. For thenumber of leaves, the HT substrate was superior to CA
at a dose of 10 kg m-3. For leaf area, the HT substrate
was superior to CA at a dose of 2 kg m-3 and the CA
substrate was superior to HT at a dose of 10 kg m-3.
For root length, the HT substrate was superior to CA
at doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10kg m-3. References: Ramos,Elmo Pereira et al. Lithothamnion sp. as biostimulant
in plant cultivation. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical,
v. 53, p. e76273, 2023.

P.0172 How diversity facetsof functional traits affectto multifunctionality andecosystem services indrylands worldwide?

affect multiple ecosystem processes and ecosystemservices (ES). A key aspect of functional diversity is
phytochemical diversity, which affects the adaptation
and resistance of plants to abiotic and biotic stress,
and affect ecosystem functioning. We evaluated how
functional diversity facets of plant traits affect multifunctionality (M) and ES across global drylands. To doso, we used the BIODESERT database, considering 21
morphological and phytochemical traits surveyed insitu in 326 plots from 25 countries. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine
the trait-syndromes along the global aridity gradientsurveyed. Besides, we calculated the functional dominance (CWM) and functional dispersion (CWV) of theobtained trait-syndromes. These diversity facets wereused to perform linear models and to assess their effect on M and ES in drylands worldwide. According toour results, the two trait-syndromes obtained were
driven by specific leaf area, N, P, K, leaf dry matter
content (PC1), and Cu and by C, phenolics, Na and Zn(PC2). CWM-PC1 had a significant positive effect on M,
erosion control and C stocks, whereas CWV-PC1 had asignificant positive effect on soil fertility and decomposition. Besides, CWM-PC2 had a significant negative
effect on soil erosion, while CWV of PC2had a significant negative effect on M, soil fertility, decomposition,and productivity. Finally, CWV-PC2had a significant
positive effect on erosion control. These results provide information about how plant functional diversity
responds to changes in aridity conditions and impact
ecosystem functioning across drylands worldwide.

P.0173 Megafauna affects
the genetic structure anddemographic history of amegafruit palm in Africa

Joaquín Moreno1, Yoann Le BagoussePinguet2, Fernando T. Maestre3, Nicolas
Gross4

Yuanshu Pu1,2, Laura Méndez1,2, Lesego
Malekana4, Michelle Greve5, William
Baker6, Renske E. Onstein2,3

1 Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.
2 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Écologie Marine et Continentale, Marseille, France. 3
Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies, Alicante, Spain. 4 Institut National de Recherche
pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement,
Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Drylands are the largest set of biomes on Earth (c. of41%), being home to more than 38% of the world’s population. These ecosystems are very vulnerable to climate change and land use alterations, which impact
plant communities by altering their composition anddiversity. The distribution of the diversity and abundance of functional traits within a plant community

1 Univeristy of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (yuanshu.
pu@evobio.eu). 2 German Centre for Integrative
Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig,
Germany. 3 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden,
the Nethrelands. 4 University of the Free State, South
Africa. 5 University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
6 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom.
The largest animals in ecosystems (megafauna) canfeed on mega-fruited plants (fruits diameter > 4 cm)
and disperse massive loads of large seeds across long
distances, thus playing a vital role in maintaining biotic

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connectivity and population structures of mega-fruited plants. However, it remains unclear how the global
extinction of most megafauna since the late Quaternary affected mega-fruited plant populations. Here,
we hypothesize that the loss of specialized megafaunal seed dispersers led to dispersal limitation of mega-fruited plants, resulting in high population genetic
structure and decreases in population sizes and migration rates that coincided spatially and temporallywith the decline and extinction of co-occurring megafauna. We focus on the megafaunal palm Hyphaenecoriacea, which naturally occurs in savannas in Madagascar (where all seed-dispersing megafauna havegone extinct) and mainland Africa (where more intact
elephant populations are still functioning as seed dispersers of H. coriaceae).Using RAD-seq from 22 populations and 151 individuals, we found that H. coriaceae
population structure is shaped by extant and extinct
fruit-eating and seed dispersing animals (frugivores),and we detected signatures of population size declines and migration rate disruption in both Malagasy
and mainland African populations. This suggests thatcurrent and past interactions with megafauna haveleft signatures in the genome of mega-fruited plant
populations, and reduced seed dispersal may have led
to a loss of biotic connectivity and population size declines. Furthermore, alternative dispersal mechanisms,
such as human-mediated dispersal and dispersal by
surface runoff, may have substituted dispersal functions by past megafauna, explaining the persistenceof H. coriaceae in Madagascar. These results provide
important insights in the role of frugivores in maintaining seed dispersal and population structure of African
plants, and how mega-fruited plants have been able
to persist since the late Quaternary extinction of mostprimary seed dispersers.

P.0174 Phenotypic plasticity
modulated by hormonal andepigenetic modifications
compensates detrimental
effect of herbivory in Erodium
cicutarium

scale, biotic interactions such as herbivory, are considered key factors for local population establishment
and phenotypic divergence. In the natural populationsof Erodium cicutarium, ungulate grazing is unpredictable and could be highly detrimental to individuals. In
this study, we quantify the magnitude of the adaptive
plasticity of this species, and we explore to what extent it is hormonally and/or epigenetically mediated.
In order to do so, we conducted an experiment where
full-sib individuals of E. cicutarium, half demethylatedwith 5-azacytidine, were grown experiencing simulated artificial herbivory or not. The results show that herbivory heavily affected leave and root morphologicaltraits as well as the hormonal composition of the individuals towards a higher competitive performance(i.e. fast growing and more resource adsorptive-acquisitive phenotypes) which compensated the detrimental effect of the biomass removal on their fitness.
More interestingly, we found that the phenotypic andhormonal adjustments of demethylated individuals
in response to herbivory were much smaller than thecontrol ones, suggesting that adaptive phenotypic
plasticity was modulated via epigenetic changes. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis supports theseresults, finding genes differentially expressed by herbivory and demethylation treatments.

P.0175 Bioinformatic
analysis of the conservationof Amaranth-specific miRNAtarget genes in different
speciesDaniela Arrieta Flores1, Vladimir Flores
Benavides1, Magali Ruiz Rivas2, Marcelino
Martínez Nuñez3, Valeria Lemus Castillo1,
Abigail Flores Peréz 1, Flor de Fátima
Rosas Cárdenas1
1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Tlaxcala, México. 2
INIFAP, Morelia, Michoacán, México. 3 Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, México.

Javier Puy1, Mónica Medrano1, Ruben
Martín-Blazquez1, Conchita Alonso1
1 Estacion Biológica de Doñana. CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
Epigenetic mechanisms enable plants to adjust theirphenotype to the environment, promoting local adaptation. Although generally overlooked at a broad

PPR proteins have RNA-binding motifs with specific affinity, which allow interaction with mRNA, participating in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Some mutated PPR proteins produce defects inphotosynthesis, pigmentation, growth-development, embryogenesis, sensitivity to ABA or tolerance
to abiotic stress conditions (Wang et al. 2021). In 2021,
a specific miRNA in Amaranthus hypochondriacus

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Poster presentations(miRXXX1) with multiple target genes containing
the pentantricopeptide repeat domain involved in
Mitochondria and Chloroplast biogenesis was reported (Martínez Núñez et al. 2021). In this analysis
by bioinformatics approaches, we demonstrated
that multiple predicted white genes in amaranth,tobacco, tomato, and Arabidopsis are orthologous
genes in all four species. The function of the target
genes was performed with the information available
for Arabidopsis in the following platforms: BAR, GENEmania, UNIPROT, Phytozome and STRING. We foundgenes with functions in ABA metabolism, chlorophyll
biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and regulators ofplastid biogenesis. This suggests that the regulation of these genes by miRXX1 confers to the planta greater adaptation to heat, drought and salinity
stress conditions.
References: Wang X, An Y, Xu P, Xiao J. Functioningof PPR Proteins in Organelle RNA Metabolism and
Chloroplast Biogenesis. Front Plant Sci. 2021 Feb
9;12:627501. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.627501; Martínez
Núñez M, Ruíz Rivas M, Gregorio Jorge J, Hernández
PFV, Luna Suárez S, de Folter S, Chávez Montes RA,
Rosas Cárdenas FF. Identification of genuine andnovel miRNAs in Amaranthus hypochondriacus fromhigh-throughput sequencing data. Genomics. 2021
Jan;113(1 Pt 1):88-103. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.027.

P.0176 Genetictransformation of amaranth,selection and analysis of
microRNA overexpressing
lines
Daniela Arrieta Flores1, Vladimir Flores
Benavides1, Magali Ruiz Rivas2, Marcelino
Martínez Nuñez3, Valeria Lemus Castillo1,
Abigail Flores Peréz1, Flor de Fátima Rosas
Cárdenas1
1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Tlaxcala, México. 2
INIFAP, Morelia, Michoacán, México. 3 Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, México.
Amaranth is a plant tolerant to different types of abiotic stress, which also exhibits high phenotypic plasticity,
allowing for plants ranging from 0.1 to 2 meters. Therefore, interest in these processes has led to the search
for transformation strategies that help elucidate key
molecules in abiotic stress and other processes as-sociated to climate change. Hence, it is necessary todevelop a strategy that allows a high efficiency transformation. In this study, overexpressing constructs of
microRNAs (miRX1, miRX2, and miRX3) were used toestablish the efficiency of genetic transformation. The
modified floral dip method was employed for transformation. Selection, phenotypic, and molecular analysis of transgenic lines were conducted. The results
demonstrate the viability of the method used andprovide us with tools for amaranth transformation forsustainable agriculture.

P.0177 Effect of soil
properties on the phenology
of a grapevine collection inSouthern Spain
Jesús J. Soriano1, Enrico Cretazzo2, Juan
F. Aguiar1, Rocío Gutiérrez-Escobar2,
Raúl Ochoa-Hueso1, Nerea Pereira1,
Inmaculada RodríguezTorres2, José L.
Blanco-Pastor1
1 Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Investigación
Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad deCádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. 2 Grupo de viticultura y enología, Instituto de Investigación y Formación
Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción
Ecológica (IFAPA), Centro Rancho de la Merced, Carretera Cañada de la Loba. Jerez, Cádiz, Spain.
Identifying the effect of soil properties on plant agronomical traits offers the possibility to manage crops
more efficiently and sustainably. We investigated theassociations between the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the soil and the phenologicalcharacteristics (budding and flowering) of a grapevinecollection of 386 varieties in replicated experimental
plots located at the IFAPA Centro Rancho de la Merced (Jerez, Spain), in the southern limit of the cultivatedgrapevine distribution in Europe. We took soil cores of 20
cm depth at multiple points using a regular sampling
scheme to measure pH, electrical conductivity (salinity indicator), redox potential (soil aeration indicator),
as well as variables related to the biological activity ofsoil microbial communities (eight enzymatic activities
linked to the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen,phosphorus, and sulfur). We interpolated these datausing the Kriging method to generate distribution mapsof soil properties. At the same time, precise dates forthe budding and flowering of all grapevines in the plots
were recorded. With the data obtained, we performed

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regression analyses to identify associations between
the individual soil properties and the phenological traitsof the grapevines. Identifying associations between
soil parameters and grapevine phenological traits canhelp to implement alternative management strategies
in specific areas of the crop/field. It could also allow theidentification of optimal grapevine varieties or soil types
for a desired phenological behavior. Finally, monitoring
the effect of soil properties on the phenotypic traits ofa grapevine collection is useful for including correcting
parameters in quantitative genetic analyses.

P.0178 Functional evolutionof PLETHORA genes in root
development in cacti

tation analysis by cloning mutant plants in PLT genesof A. thaliana with the CDS region of M. san-angelensis’
PLT genes, to analyze the morphological changes that
could arise in the root development of A. thaliana, hoping to provide a genetic explanation of the evolutionary
novelties of cacti roots.

P.0179 Comparative
epigenetic and genetic
spatial structure in
Mediterranean mountainplants: a multispecies study
Javier Valverde1,2, Mónica Medrano1,
Carlos M. Herrera1, Conchita Alonso1

Eduardo Torres-Flores1 2, Luis F. CisnerosLemus1 2, Michael D. Purugganan3, Ulises
Rosas1
1 Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
2 Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City,
Mexico. 3 Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, USA.
In arid ecosystems the main limitation for plant growthis the availability of water. Cacti are a family of plantsthat have radiated in these kinds of environments, andmuch of this success is probably due to the architecture of their roots. The growth of the primary root in mostcacti is determined shortly after the seedling has germinated, and with this the formation of lateral roots begins. This allows the seedling to form a root network totake advantage of water from the most superficial partof the soil. The PLETHORA (PLT) genes of the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana encode AP2-domain transcription
factors that maintain the indeterminate state of the primary root and are involved in early stages of lateral root
formation. Multiple mutants of members of this genefamily exhibit short root (e.g., plt1 plt2) and lack of lateral roots phenotypes (e.g., plt3 plt7). These phenotypes
suggest PLTs as potential transcription factors involvedin the signaling underlying root development in cacti.
To test this hypothesis, using Mamillaria san-angelensis
as a model, the genome of this cactus was sequenced
with PacBio technology and using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST, NCBI), the homologous genesof PLT1, PLT2, PLT3, PLT5 and PLT7 were bioinformatically
identified in M. san-angelensis. Remarkably, PLT4 was
not found in this genome. Now we intend to corroborate these bioinformatic predictions experimentally tomake constructions to carry out genetic complemen-

1 Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superiorde Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
DNA methylation provides an additional layer of plantvariation that contributes to the evolutionary potentialof plant populations. Part of epigenetic methylation
can respond to the environment, thus the spatial distribution of epigenetic variation might reflect the spatial
heterogeneity of environmental conditions in which aplant grows. In this study we hypothesize that, in narrow endemics associated to specific habitats, epigenetic variability should be less structured in space thanin their widespread congeners growing under broader
environmental conditions. We tested this hypothesis at
the within-population scale in seven pairs of congeneric plant species inhabiting the Cazorla Mountains (SESpain). The narrow endemics studied inhabit very specific and scattered microhabitats, whereas widespread
species can grow in a more diverse type of habitats.
We analysed three populations per species and >20
individuals per population, and used AFLP and methylation-sensitive AFLP markers to characterise the Spatial
Genetic Structure (SGS) and Spatial Epigenetic Structure (SEGS) of populations, respectively. As hypothesised, epigenetic variation was more homogeneous
across space than the background genetic variation(SEGS < SGS) in most populations of narrow endemics.
This decoupling between SEGS and SGS was further
supported by a lack of correlation between epigenetic and genetic information in narrow endemics. Ourfindings suggest that in Mediterranean plants the relevance of environment-responsive epigenetic variation
depends on their niche breadth and highlight the needto address spatial genetic and epigenetic variation tobetter understand the evolution of plant endemics.

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S.018. ATYPICAL SUBSTRATES AS ENGINESFOR PLANT AND LICHEN EVOLUTION I: GYPSUM
SOILS
P.0180 Analysis andrepresentativeness of
gypsophytes in the provinceof Toledo (Spain).

P.0181 Unveiling thecomplex ecology of gypsum
soils in Iran: Gypsophyte
reclassification calls forholistic ecological studies

Beatriz Cervigón Recuero1, Álvaro Mayoral
Medina1, Arianna Michell Torres Morán1,
Juan Manuel Martínez Labarga1, Santiago
Sardinero Roscales2

Hossein Rahmaninia1, Hamid Ejtehadi1,
Farshid Memariani2,3*, Mehdi Abedi4, Sara
Palacio5

1 Unidad de Botánica: Departamento de Sistemas y
Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. de Montes, Forestal y delMedio Natural. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
Madrid, Spain. 2 Área Botánica: Departamento deCiencias Ambientales. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales-Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente.
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Gypsophyte vegetation is a relevant part of our
Natural Heritage due to the large number of endemisms belonging to this particular lithology andits widely representative abundance in Spain; especially in the middle basin of the Tagus river andits near exclusive distribution regarding European
scales. Reasons mentioned above led to the inclusion of this habitat in Directive 92/43/EC as apriority (1520* - Iberian gypsophilous vegetation(Gypsophiletalia)). In Toledo, gypsum outcrops
have particular importance due to their abundant presence of considerable extent. The objective of this work is to expand further knowledge inthe distribution area and flora of these outcrops;
to verify its legal protection by either legislative
figure such as the Natura 2000 Network; and develop impact evaluation. In order to elaborate
this study, a UTM grid of 10x10 km is superimposedover the lithological cartography of the area. On
the grids where there is presence of gypsum outcrops, the present vegetation is analyzed throughthe provided field data (Martínez Labarga, 2014;
Sardinero, 2024) and compared with the species
proposed on the checklist (Mota et al, 2009); in
addition to local expert criteria suggestions. Oncethe data processing is concluded, the result gives
the required cartographic outputs, displaying theresults into the study area.

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 2 Department of Range and Watershed Management,
Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 3
Herbarium FUMH, Department of Botany, ResearchCenter for Plant Science, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 4 Department of Range
Management, Faculty of Natural Resources andMarine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor,
Iran. 5 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC),
Huesca, Spain.
Gypsum soils play a critical role in plant distribution.
The Irano-Turanian region has been reported as rich ingypsophile species. Despite this richness, the ecological and floristic studies focusing on gypsum soils in Iranremain scarce. Building upon the research conductedby Pérez-García et al. (2018) using the floristic data whoreported 301 gypsophyte and gypsocline species fromthe Iranian territory, our study delved into the distribution of specific species listed in the 2018 checklist, examining their distribution in northeastern Iran throughthe utilization of existing data in the literature and also
field investigation on their distribution and soil physical and chemical properties. Our findings challenge
the classification of certain endemic species, including
Anabasis firouzii, Atraphaxis intricata, Colutea gifana,and Psephellus galactochrous, previously categorized
as gypsoclines or gypsophytes, which are not observedin the gypsum soils and they are mainly calciphytes.
We have also classified certain species based on theirdistribution into gypsovags, including species such as
Astragalus citrinus, Astragalus podolobus, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, Matthiola farinosa, Astragalus verus,
Dendrostellera lessertii, and Euphorbia bungei, previ-107

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ously identified as gypsoclines. Additionally, species like
Sclerorhachis platyrachis, Hedysarum monophyllum,and Cleome turkmena, which were introduced as gypsophytes, have also been found in other non-gypsum
soils with high abundance. Given Iran’s remarkablespecies and habitat diversity, we strongly advocate
for more extensive and precise studies in this field. It is
crucial to note that most of these species are endemic
and specific to certain regions. Therefore, undertaking
comprehensive ecological studies is essential to revise
the classification of gypsophytes in Iran and gain an indepth understanding of the intricate nature of gypsum
soils, ultimately facilitating the conservation and restoration efforts for these complex ecosystems.

P.0182 Genetics,
morphometrics andionomics evidence ofhybridization between
Limonium estevei and
Limonium cossonianum in
Playa Macenas

ing soil samples were collected from five individuals ofeach taxon in Macenas, as well as from three individuals of L. cossonianum in six additional localities. Threechloroplastic regions (rbcL, trnL-F and matK) along witha nuclear region (ITS) were sequenced and ribotypes
with additivities were isolated by cloning PCR products.
Also, twenty-nine quantitative morphological characters were measured in plant vouchers of each taxon.
In addition, the nutritional differences between taxa
were established by means of a simple ANOVA applied
to the foliar and soil composition analysis. Genetic andmorphometric results confirmed hybridization between
these two Macenas species, as well as retro-hybridization events. Regarding the biochemical niche, L. estevei exhibited less significant differences with the hybrid
than with L. cossonianum. Unlike expected, retro-hybridization only involves hybrid forms and L. cossonianum.
It doesn’t seem to be a gene transference to L. esteveithat would compromise the continuity and identity ofthis species as a result of introgressive hybridization. The
extreme edaphic conditions in which this local endemism develops are apparently an insurmountable barrier that minimizes the risk of genetic assimilation.

P.0183 Vascular flora of the
gypsum islands: Who canbe a tenant?

Lucía Miranda Hernández1, M. Encarnación
Merlo1, María Jesús Fernández Cobo1,
Carlos Salazar Mendías2, Antonio J.
Mendoza Fernández3, Fabián Martínez
Hernández1, Francisco J. Pérez García1,
Julio Peñas de Giles3, Esteban Salmerón
Sánchez1, Juan F. Mota Poveda1

Francisco J. Pérez García1, Encarna Merlo1,
Fabián Martínez Hernández1, Antonio J.
Mendoza Fernández1, Esteban Salmerón
Sánchez1, Agustín Lahora1, Juan F. Mota1

1 University of de Almería, Almería, España. emerlo@ual.es. 2 University of Granada, Granada, España. 3 University of Jaén, Jaén, España.
Limonium Mill. is a cosmopolitan genus, mainly diversified in the Western Mediterranean region. Its species
colonize reduced and isolated areas with saline, gypsum or arid substrates. Limonium cossonianum Kuntze
and Limonium estevei Fern. Casas, two representativesof the genus, coexist sympatrically in Macenas (Mojácar, Almería). While the former is widely distributed
throughout the Spanish Levant, the latter is a local endemism critically endangered due to coastal urban
development. Hybridization between these two species has been mentioned, but it hasn’t been formallydescribed. With this in mind, the present research has
focused on the genetic, morphometric and nutritional
characterization of the potentially parental species andtheir putative hybrid. Leaf material and the correspond-

1 University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
The geoedaphic properties of the gypsum deposits
show significant differences with respect to those of
surrounding areas. These differences have an effecton the vascular flora. Gypsum outcrops have been
identified as areas where is hindered water use, constituting true “dry-islands”. This disruption makes the
gypsum outcrops appear to be like islands in an archipelago, but located within the mainland. Nine gypsum outcrops of highly variable size were studied. All ofthem were located in the province of Almería, under asemi-arid Mediterranean climate. Different subsets of
the whole flora were studied in order to test MacArthur& Wilson model. Specifically, the linear regressions in
the Species vs. Area equation, from Arrhenius, taking
into account the adjustment values (R2) and the slopeof the line (z). The subsets were established based onwhat biotype they had, on their ecological behaviour,or what plant community they characterized. A total

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Poster presentationsof 484 taxa were counted. The whole flora clearly fit aninsular pattern (z = 0.292; R2 = 0.8171). By ecological behaviour, high z-values, which indicate great isolation,
were observed in species characteristic of siliceous (z= 0.4036), sandy (z = 0.3619) and pebbly (z = 0.2986)
environments, along with species from the maquis(z = 0.3653). While low z-values, which indicate great
permeability, were recorded as halophiles (z = 0.1413)
and gypsophiles (z = P.757). This shows the importanceof environmental filters in the colonization of outcrops,
so that it is not enough to arrive, what is really important is the establishment and persistence. By biotypes,
therophytes showed little isolation in the outcrops (z= P.707), while geophytes (z = 0.4093) and hemicryptophytes (z = 0.3541) show the opposite behavior. This
could be linked to the fact that an ephemeral life-cycle is an ideal strategy for arid environments.

P.0184 Resolving
phylogenetic relationshipsof gypsum endemic speciesof Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae)
Esteban Salmerón Sánchez1, Krista
Grabski2, Delia Aguilar-Ramos1, Encarna
Merlo1, Michael J. Moore3, Jaime
Güemes4, Pedro Sánchez-Gómez5, José
L. Canovas-Rubio5, Fabián Martínez
Hernández1, Antonio J. Mendoza
Fernández1, Francisco J. Pérez García1,
Juan F. Mota Poveda1
1 Department of Biology and Geology, Universityof Almería, Almería, Spain. 2 Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, USA.
3 Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin,
USA. 4 Botanic Garden, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 5 Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
The genus Teucrium exhibits a Subcosmopolitan
distribution, comprising 434 taxa. The Mediterranean region and its surrounding floristic areas serveas the primary center of diversity, hosting approximately 90% of the total Teucrium species worldwide.
Predominantly, species within the Polium section areconcentrated in the western Mediterranean regionof north-west Africa and south-west Europe. Polium
section, encompasses the majority of species of thegenus, is subdivided into four subsections: Polium,
Simplicipilosa, Pumilum, and Rotundifolia. Of particular interest within this genus is the subsection

Pumilum, as most of its constituent species exhibit
clear gypsophily and represent prime examples of“shipwrecked on the rock” phenomena, characterized by schizoendemic or endemic distribution due
to fragmentation. This subsection comprises up tosix species: T. balthazaris, T. lepicephalum, T. libanitis, T. pumilum, T. carolipaui, and T. turredanum.
Furthermore, some populations of T. balthazaris, inTopares, in the north of the province of Almería, andof T. pumilum in La Malá, in the province of Granada, exhibit distinct traits and characteristics deviating from other populations. The focus of the current
study is to test the circumscription and phylogenetic
position of the species within the section, in order todetermine if the current subsections are confirmed
as congruent with the molecular data and whether
the mentioned deviant populations can be considered with their own taxonomic rank. To achieve thisgoal, molecular phylogenetic analyses, including
individuals from all taxa in the Pumilum subsection
and representative species from other related sections. Preliminary molecular analyses, using nuclear
and plastidial markers did not support the currently
proposed subsections of Polium section. On the other hand, the proposition of a new species for la Malá,was supported. This work is a first step to explore
molecular characters to support future work aiming
to solve the taxonomic problems within Teucrium.

P.0185 Study andidentification of new
gypsophilous taxa of thegenus Limonium Mill. in the
inner outcrops of Andalusia(SE Spain)
M. Jesús Fernández-Cobo1, Esteban
Salmerón Sánchez1, Carlos Salazar
Mendías2, Lucía Miranda Hernández1, M.
Encarnación Merlo1, Juan F. Mota Poveda1
1 Department of Biology and Geology, University of
Almería, Almería, Spain. 2 Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology. University of Jaén,
Jaén, Spain.
The genus Limonium, which belongs to Plumbaginaceae family, with a cosmopolitan distribution, includes
more than 500 species, and its main diversification
centre in the Western Mediterranean region, growing
on gypsum or saline outcrops. The taxonomical studyof this genus is challenging because of its recent di-109

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between analyzed species, with the exception of the
populations that were considered to be the westernmost area of distribution of L. quesadense. In these
populations, molecular and morphological studies
showed that there are significant differences that allow us to consider the proposal of a new species forthe genus. According to these evidences, Limonium
vallei sp. nova is proposed. In addition, the taxonomic
rank of L. alicunense is questioned due to the absenceof genetical and morphological differences between
this species and L. quesadense. Our results would suggest the possibility of the existence of a singameon,
composed by different species with sympatric distribution among which genetic flow seems to exist or
has existed. This scenario could have important implications for the conservation of the species.

versification and the intraspecific variability due tofrequent interspecific hybridization. In the province of
Jaén (Andalusia, SE. Spain), Limonium quesadense, an
endemic species present on gypsum outcrops, showsa high morphological variability. The objective of thisstudy focused on the genetic and morphologicalcharacterization of L. quesadense throughout its geographical distribution as well as some related species
like L. alicunense and L. supinum, present in the area.
Molecular analyses were carried out with the aid of
nuclear ribosomal (ITS1 and ITS2) and plastid (matK,
trnL-F and rbcL) sequences. In order to differentiate thepresence of different ribotypes, ITS regions were alsostudied with the aid of molecular cloning techniques.
Regarding the morphological analysis, 120 herbarium
vouchers belonging to the different taxa studied wereanalyzed. The results showed hybridization events

S.019. ATYPICAL SUBSTRATES FOR PLANT AND
LICHEN EVOLUTION II: ULTRAMAFIC SOILS
P.0186 Orchids of serpentine
areas of the Central
Balkans: patterns of species
richness and composition in
relation to vegetation typesof 34 orchid species and subspecies, classified into 16
genera, were found in the study area and their phytocoenological affiliation was analysed. Orchid taxa
were recorded in plant communities belonging to 11
classes, 15 orders and 20 alliances. Most orchid taxa
grow in the following vegetation types: dry grasslands(Festuco-Brometea, Brachypodietalia pinnati, Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae); wet meadows (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Molinietalia caeruleae, Molinion
caeruleae, Deschampsion cespitosae and Calthion
palustris); pine forests (Erico-Pinetea, Erico-Pinetalia,
Erico-Fraxinion orni); oak forests (Quercetea pubescentis, Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae); beech andoak-hornbeam forests (Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae).
Five statistically significant groups of vegetation orders and five statistically significant groups of vegetation alliances are distinguished. The following orchidtaxa have particularly large populations on serpentine
areas of the Central Balkans: Anacamptis morio, Gymnadenia conopsea, Neotinea ustulata, Dactylorhiza
sambucina, D. maculata subsp. transsilvanica andPlatanthera bifolia. This study emphasises the important role of the serpentine areas of the Central Balkans
for the occurrence of terrestrial orchids and indicatesthat they could be considered as potential orchid reserves due to the lower agricultural use compared tothe surrounding non-serpentine areas.

Vladan Djordjević1, Spyros Tsiftsis2, Ksenija
Jakovljević1, Dmitar Lakušić1
1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute ofBotany and Botanical Garden, Belgrade, Serbia. 2 Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, Drama, Greece.
Habitats found on serpentine bedrocks are known for
stressful physico-chemical conditions, such as low
concentrations of macronutrients, high concentrations of Fe, Mg, Ni, Cr, wide range of diurnal temperature fluctuations and poor water-retaining capacity. It
is insufficiently known whether serpentine habitats are
suitable for the growth and development of terrestrial orchids and which vegetation types are particularlyrich in orchids on such substrates. The main objectivesof this study were to determine the total richness oforchid taxa in the serpentine areas of the Central Balkans and to determine their richness and composition
in relation to vegetation types. The data on the occurrence of orchids and vegetation types were collected
in Serbia in the period between 1995 and 2023. A total

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P.0187 Neglect of limestone
enclaves in Extremadura:
necessity and importance ofprotecting them

P.0188 A comparative
study on CSR strategies
in two closely related
Cousinia species endemic
to the serpentine soils ofNortheastern Iran

Sheila Galindo-Ortiz 1,2, Tomás RodríguezRiaño 2, Ana Ortega-Olivencia 2
1 University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 2 University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.

Elaheh Tabasi1, Hamid Ejtehadi1, Farshid
Memariani2,3*, Hossein Rahmaninia1

Extremaduran flora is fundamentally acidophilic
due to the predominance of the siliceous substrate; however, there are few limestone outcrops, in which a greater number of plant species
inhabit compared to the surrounding substrates.
These enclaves are not governed by any protective regulation in Extremadura; therefore, we arefacing a potential loss of them due to agro-livestock overexploitation and other land uses (e.g.,construction of roads, pathways, urban developments, or power lines installation), leading to
a decrease in biodiversity. Our main aim was tocarry out a floristic study of one of these limestone enclaves adjacent to the Hinojales stream(Badajoz). The results indicated a total of 39 families, 122 genera and 152 species and subspecies, of which 17 are basophilic and out of the 135
edaphic indifferent 21 prefer the basic substrate
in our region. In addition, two are Iberian endemisms and seven Ibero-North Africans, highlighting Galium talaveranum from the first group,
which has here its type locality. The data from the
UNEX herbarium and previous publications about
the area recorded 62 taxa, of which 35 have notbeen collected again in our study period (September 2021 to July 2022). The Digital Photo Library of the National Geographic Institute andour own observations indicate that this limestone
enclave has been greatly modified by human in
the last 50 years with a considerable reductionin its size, due to agricultural overexploitation in
the surrounding lands, the creation of roads andpower lines. The loss or severe deterioration ofthese limestone enclaves could cause a great
reduction in the Extremadurian floristic diversity
since these enclaves are scarce. Therefore, we
propose establishing the figure of “Flora Microreserve” in Extremadura to protect small habitatsthat are important for their biodiversity and for
hosting type localities of one of our Iberian endemisms or rare species.

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 2 Department of Range and Watershed Management,
Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 3
Herbarium FUMH, Department of Botany, ResearchCenter for Plant Science, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Serpentine soils host a large number of endemic
species and contribute to the turnover of community composition. The infertility of the soil strongly
influences the species and functional compositionof serpentine environments. Plant communities inenvironmentally harsh habitats such as serpentine
soils may demonstrate unique responses to environmental change, via the mediating role of theirfunctional traits. The Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province located in the northeastern region of
Iran has a high level of plant endemism due to its
biogeographical position as well as the large extent of calcareous, gypsum, and ophiolitic soils. To
gain a better understanding of the impact of environmental conditions on serpentine plant communities in the area, we sampled 44 relevés using
the Braun-Blanquet method at two sites dominatedby two threatened, endemic and phylogeneticallyclosely related Cousinia species (Cousinia sect. Argenteae) in serpentine soils of NE Iran, i.e., Cousinia
kadereitii and C. argentea. The adaptive strategiesof two Cousinia communities were investigatedaccording to Grime’s competitor/stress-tolerator/
ruderal (CSR) model. While both plant communities
occupied similar habitats ecologically and converged on the stress-tolerator strategy, C. kadereitii
exhibited functional divergence from C- to S-selected, however, C. argentea showed functional convergence on the S-selected strategy. Understanding the strategies employed by different species
can give us valuable insights into the resilience andsurvival of plant communities in challenging environments. This knowledge is crucial for biodiversity
conservation efforts in serpentine habitats.

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P.0189 Lessons on ecology
and evolution fromthe study of edaphic
specialization

distinct communities (e.g., serpentine vs gypsum)or tools of investigation (e.g., ecophysiological vs
phylogenomic) relating to key questions on driversof diversity and community assembly, ecologicaland evolutionary theory, and conservation andrestoration practices.

Nishanta Rajakaruna1,2

P.0190 Plant traits,
flowering phenology andphylogenetic signal in theultramafic flora of Tuscany:
preliminary results

1 Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, UnitedStates. 2 Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom,
South Africa.
Edaphic islands, characterized by sharp abiotic
and biotic gradients, mosaic landscapes, patchiness and isolation, and harsh environments, offer
exceptional opportunities to test macroecologicaland evolutionary theory, and conservation andrestoration practices. Edaphic islands are often
distinguished by unique biotic communities withhigh proportions of rare and endemic species.
These communities, often restricted to fragmented islands of harsh substrates, are model settings to investigate the factors and mechanisms
contributing to regional and global patterns ofdiversity and spatial ecology, including metapopulation and metacommunity theory, as wellas cross-kingdom interactions. They also provide
model organisms for investigating the drivers ofadaptive evolution, including the genetic bases
for and architecture of traits conferring adaptation and reproductive isolation. Additionally, they
offer opportunities to explore cross-adaptation,
which is when a trait that evolved for tolerance
to one harsh substrate becomes effective as an
adaptation for another, allowing species to show
cross-tolerance to multiple harsh substrates
characterized by a suite of common stressors (i.e.,stress resistance syndrome), including habitat
bareness, drought, pH, ionic strength, and specificions. Biota of harsh and nutrient-poor substrates
are especially prone to stressors associated withclimate change, including atmospheric depositionof nitrogen. Much of the research on harsh substrate-biota relations has focused on plants of ultramafic and other metal-enriched rock outcrops
or saline soils. Recent research on biota of gypsum and other chemically ‘harsh’ substrates canhelp reexamine the biota-harsh soil relationship,especially commonalities and differences acrossdistinct biota-soil type associations, both within
and across biomes. Such efforts will also provide
opportunities for productive collaboration acrossresearch groups with expertise on edaphicallyFederico Selvi1, Andrea Coppi2, Elisa
Carrari1, Cristina Gasperini1
1 University of Florence, Department of Agriculture,
Food, Environment and Forestry, Florence, Italy. 2
University of Florence, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy.
The specialized floras of ultramafic outcrops
worldwide are rich in endemic species and distinct ecotypes with adaptive traits to the harshsoil conditions of these edaphic “islands”. Manyof the morpho-anatomical characteristics that
contribute to the fitness of these plants are wellknown and collectively indicated as “serpentine
syndrome”. For many ultramafic floras, however,
the investigation of the plant functional traits thatare currently used to predict species responses
to environmental changes and their influence on
key properties of communities and ecosystems
is still at its infancy. Accordingly, we started astudy of a set of traits and the flowering phenology of a pool of species of the ultramafic floraof Tuscany (Italy). The aim is to test the hypothesis that traits reflecting competitive ability likeplant height and specific leaf area are linked to
the flower timing, as suggested for other floristic components. In addition, we aim at examining
the relationships between species phylogenetic
position and traits, quantifying the signal of each
trait across our floristic sample. To this purpose
we set up a permanent plot in an ultramafic sitewith typical vegetation, including twenty obligate
or facultative serpentinophytes (annual and perennial herbs and grasses, small shrubs, shrubs);
the plot was equipped with an air temperature
datalogger to record T variation over the next
years. Flowering phenology was monitored in
2023 and 2024 (part) by field visits every ca. 15
days. Leaf traits, plant height stem density and112

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suggest that vegetative height is positively related to flowering timing, but not specific leaf area.
Based on Blomberg K statistics, trait evolution appears largely independent of phylogeny.

other traits, measured on 3-5 individuals per species, were widely variable. Interspecific variationin flowering time ranged from February (Juniperus oxycedrus) to October (Artemisia alba), withseveral late-flowering species Preliminary results

S.020. BACK TO BASICS: USINGMICROMORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY ANDHISTOLOGY TO INVESTIGATE EVOLUTION IN
BRYOPHYTES
P.0191 Species delimitationof hornworts from
Madagascar: a sporesmorpho-morphometricalapproachpresent our preliminary findings derived from employing this method, which could serve as a valuable tool for species delineation in cases where molecular approaches prove inadequate.

P.0192 Diversity of liverworts
and hornworts in India

Dejonghe Quentin1, Reeb Catherine1

Shuvadeep Majumdar1

1 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Institut deSystématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Paris, France.

1 Department of Botany, Scottish Church College,
Kolkata, India.

Hornworts, constituting a group of terrestrial plants
encompassing 11 families and approximately 220
species (Frangedakis et al., 2023), are integral components within the broader Bryophytes sensu lato,
alongside mosses and liverworts. Their phylogenetic positioning and distinct morpho-anatomical
features render hornworts pivotal in elucidating theevolutionary trajectories of terrestrial plant lineages.
Despite their significance, hornworts remain understudied, particularly within the Afro-Malagasy region,
where species delineation and characterizationpose notable challenges. With similar morphology
and characterized by thalloid structures, hornworts
display few distinguishing morpho-anatomical traits
for species delimitation. Additionally, extracting DNA
from hornworts is challenging due to the mucus in
their thalli, which contains inhibitors (Villarreal, pers.
comm.). The key feature for identifying hornworts istheir spores, which vary significantly in morphology
between genera. To clarify taxonomic uncertainties
and improve systematic classification, we propose
combining morphological and morphometric analyses. Using morphometric techniques is a new approach in hornwort research and shows potential
for distinguishing between at least genera. We will

A new rank Superphylum “Monosporangiophyta” wasproposed to accommodate three phyla, viz. Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta s.str. and Anthocerotophyta
under Kingdom Plantae. Among land plants, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms together aregrouped under Superphylum “Polysporangiophyta”(Majumdar, 2020). India has rich diversity of liverworts(Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta). Presently, rich bryodiversity of India includes 979
taxa belonging to 147 genera, 61 families, 17 orders, andfour classes from two phyla. Of these, 881 species, 18
subspecies, 39 varieties, and two forma belonging to
141 genera in 57 families of liverworts and 39 species
representing seven genera in four (Anthocerotaceae,
Dendrocerotaceae, Notothyladaceae, Phymatocerotaceae) families of hornworts (Majumdar & Dey, 2024
unpub.). After, Majumdar and Dey (2021) six genera, viz.
Barbilophozia, Dinckleria, Diplasiolejeunea, Gymnocolea, Mesoptychia and Saccogyna of liverworts and agenus namely Phymatoceros of hornworts was added
to the liverwort and hornwort flora of the country. Twofamilies one each from hornwort (Phymatocerotaceae) and liverwort (Saccogynaceae) was recorded forthe first time in India.

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P.0194 Western Ghats: aheaven for bryophytes,
unveiling their distribution

References: Majumdar, S. 2020. New Superphylum-Monosporangiophyta for grouping Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta s.str. and Anthocerotophyta. Phytotaxa
451(2): 175–178.; Majumdar, S. and Dey, M. 2021. Present status of Liverworts and Hornworts in India. Annals of Plant Sciences 10(3): 4162–4166.; Majumdar, S.
and Dey, M. 2024. Updated Diversity of Liverworts andHornworts in India. (unpublished)

Manju C.N. 1, K.P. Rajesh 2
1University of Calicut, Kerala, India, manjucali@gmail.com. 2 The Zamorin’s Guruvayurappan College, Kerala, India.

P.0193 Seed micromorphology
in Crocus pallasii: a tale ofpapillar diversity

The Western Ghats are a mountain range located along
the western coast of India. They are home to a rich biodiversity of plants and animals, including a large number of bryophytes. Bryophytes are found throughout theWestern Ghats, from the lowlands to the high mountains. They are most common in moist, shady habitats, such as forests and along streams. A total of 1,220
bryophytes distributed among 822 species including 8
subspecies and 44 varieties of mosses under 257 genera, 20 species of hornworts including one subspecies
under 4 genera and 379 species including 6 subspecies and 6 varieties of liverworts under 80 genera wererecorded. Among these 79 species are endemic to theWestern Ghats. Bryophytes play an important role in theecology of the Western Ghats. They help to regulate thewater cycle, provide habitat for other organisms, andcontribute to the soil formation. Bryophytes are also
indicators of environmental health. Their presence orabsence can be used to assess the quality of the air
and water. Bryophytes are threatened by a number offactors, including habitat loss, pollution, and climatechange. Habitat loss is the most serious threat to bryophytes in the Western Ghats. As forests are cleared for
agriculture and other development, bryophytes lose
their homes. Pollution from industrial and agriculturalactivities can also harm bryophytes. Climate change isalso a threat to the bryophytes, as it can lead to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns that canmake it difficult for bryophytes to survive.

Rachel Mollman1, Almıla Çiftçi2, Levent Şık3,
Bilge S. Kaleli1, Ceyda Yazici1, Osman Erol4
1 Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 2 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research, Gatersleben, Germany. 3 Manisa Celal Bayar University,
Manisa, Turkey. 4 Istanbul University, Institute of Science, Istanbul, Turkey.
Molecular and morphological evidence increasingly indicates that the widespread and variable
Crocus pallasii Goldbl. in Turkey may harbor several distinct taxa, some of which have already been
described as separate species or infraspecifictaxa, although their status remains unresolved.
The results of SEM micromorphological investigations into 20 populations of this group and its close
relatives in Series Crocus across Turkey indicatesthat this group has highly variable seed surface
micromorphology, consisting of dense papilla ina variety of forms and sizes, as in other Crocus
species. We noted the papilla shape, length, posture and surface texture of both the main seedcoat and the raphe, finding that the populationsin Trakya (Turkey-in-Europe) have distinctive bulbous-based papillae and relatively stable seedsurface characteristics easily separating themfrom the much more variable populations scattered across Anatolia, which have long, dense andvariably shaped and postured papilla. These observations corroborate the results of morphological and molecular investigations we carried out inparallel as part of our ongoing investigations (İstanbul University Scientific Research Projects Unit
Grant No. 38,022) into this species complex in Turkey. However, the diversity of papilla types acrossSeries Crocus populations in Anatolia tells a more
complex story about the variability of the widespread and systematically complex C. pallasii, its
infraspecific taxa and some of its closest relatives.

P.0195 Distribution of thegenus Riccia L. (Ricciaceae:
Marchantiophyta) along
altitudinal and latitudinal
gradients in the Western
Ghats
Manju C.N.*1, Mufeed B.1
1 Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala, India. *manjucali@gmail.com.

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Riccia L. of the family Ricciaceae is a widely distributed genus in the world. Its pattern of distribution was
examined in the Western Ghats of Peninsular Indiaand its environs. In the area, the quality of vegetation cover and climatic features improves as moves
from the low to high altitudes. The lower reaches arelargely man-modified, losing its original vegetation.
The distribution of Bryophytes in the area shows anincreasing trend, lowlands to the less disturbed uplands. However, Riccia shows a different pattern. A
total of 26 species are known in the area distributed
mainly in the low-altitude and disturbed areas, rather than pristine forests of upper reaches. High-altitude montane wet temperate forests, wet evergreen
forests and semi-evergreen forests of the Western
Ghats are devoid of Riccia species. The absence ofRiccia species in these vegetation types may be attributed to the genus’ reproductive adaptations, favouring disturbed habitats. The distribution of Riccia
in the Western Ghats is complex and is influenced
by a number of factors, including altitude, latitude,
and longitude.

plus four additional samples of other Funariaceae
such as Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn. andEntosthodon fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll. Hal. We prepared semipermanent microscopic slides to scoremorphological characters such as exothecium andleaf areolation, spore size and ornamentation, seta
length, or capsule shape. We extracted DNA of thesuitable samples and amplified via PCR the sequence of two single-copy nuclear genes (4780 and7379), the ITS regions, and the plastidial atpB-rbcL
spacer. Our preliminary results show that despite its
morphological plasticity, the taxon P. pyriforme does
not include a heterogeneous assemblage of lineages, as it was found in North America. Notably, a specimen morphologically congruent with the P. pyriforme complex shares the molecular signature of
the allopolyploid species P. eurystomum. Our study
has been limited by a scarce number of available
specimens, mostly collected many years ago andfrom just a few localities. Improving the knowledge
on the diversity of this taxon would benefit from anincreased sampling effort spanning a higher number of localities within the Iberian Peninsula.

P.0197 Testing the molecularand morphologicalvariability of the moss
Physcomitrium pyriforme(Hedw.) Brid. in the Iberian
Peninsula

P.0198 Re-delimitationof the liverwort species
Cyathodium aureonitens(Marchantiophyta,
Marchantiales)
Nilobon sevanakun1, Cécile Gueidan2,
D. Christine Cargill2, 3, Sahut
Chantanaorrapint1

Diego Rodríguez-Hernández1, Bernard
Goffinet2, Rafael Medina1
1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.

1 Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science,Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. 2
Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (a joint venture
between Parks Australia and CSIRO), Canberra,
Australia. 3 Australian National Botanic Gardens,
Canberra, Australia.

Compared to vascular plants, bryophytes have simple architectures and limited morphological spaces.
In highly reduced taxa, matching molecular phylogenetic evidence with morphotypes can be challenging, and cryptic species (those that are morphologically indistinguishable) may be overlooked.
An example of this scenario is shown by the subcosmopolitan moss Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.)
Brid. (Funariaceae, Bryophyta), a very variable morphospecies with a complex phylogenetic structurein North America. Here we test the homogeneity ofP. pyriforme in the Iberian Peninsula under morphological and molecular criteria. We have studied asample of 21 herbarium specimens from BCB, CONN,
MA, MACB, VAL, and VIT identified as P. pyriforme

The thalloid liverwort species Cyathodium aureonitens is characterized by a large fan-shaped
thallus up to 2–3 cm wide, hairy involucres, spinate spores, and dioicous sexuality. It is mainly
found in the Sino-Himalayan region and extends
to mainland Southeast Asia. A significant variation in the morphology of gametophytes andsporophytes has previously been observed inthis taxon, suggesting that it might in fact include
several species. This study aims at refining thedelimitation of species within Cyathodium au-

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metophyte. The AC is asymmetrically divided into
itself and a single ‘merophyte’, producing a futureleaf and a portion of the stem. We examined threemoss species, Tetraphis pellucida, Physcomitrium patens, and Niphotrichum japonicum, which
exhibit 1/3 (120 degree), 2/5 (144 degree), and 3/8(135 degree) spiral phyllotaxis, respectively andhave indicated that the transition of the division
plane of the AC that occurs at a certain rotation
angle roughly coincides with the species specificphyllotactic angle. Rearrangement of organelles
inside AC predicts the direction of the rotational
cell division of AC. Furthermore, in order to clarify
the developmental process that ultimately establishes the correct phyllotactic angle, we comparedcell division patterns of merophytes, changes incell wall components, and changes in the external shape of merophytes as they grow between
the three moss species. In Tetraphis, where there
is no difference between the rotation angle of thedivision plane of the apical cell and the degree ofphyllotaxis angle, merophytes grow isotropically.
On the other hand, in Physcomitrium and Niphotrichum that form larger phyllotactic angles (144and 135 degrees), merophytes show anisotropic
growth and elongate greatly in the direction of rotation of the phyllotactic spiral. In the early merophytes surrounding the apical cell, in the region
where the merophyte external shape changes
anisotropically, the cell wall is rich in callose, suggesting a plastic nature to the cell and merophyte
outline, influencing the modulation and convergence of the phyllotaxis angle.

reonitens based on morphological observations
and molecular data inferred from five chloroplast(psbA, psbT, rbcL, rpoC1, and rps4) and two mitochondrial (nad1 and nad5) markers. The phylogenetic analyses show that all material identified
as Cyathodium aureonitens form a monophyletic
group with strong support and sister to a cladeof tuberous species (C. mehranum and C. tuberosum). Within this monophyletic group, three
species are recognized: C. aureonitens, and two
phylogenetically distinct and well-supported undescribed species differing from C. aureonitensby their involucre rim color and the length of thespines of their spores.

P.0199 Transition of thedivision plane of apical celland anisotropic cell wall
growth leading to speciesspecific phyllotactic angle
Ryuya Hirashima1, Kazuhiro Muraoka1, Taiki
Kaneguchi1, Naoya Kamamoto1, Koichi
Fujimoto1, Masaki Shimamura1
1 Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Phyllotaxis in vascular plants is produced at a
multicellular meristem, whereas bryophyte phyllotaxis emerges directly from a single apical cell(AC) that is embedded in a growing tip of the ga-

S.021. BARK STRUCTURE: EVOLUTIONARY,FUNCTIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
P.0200 A tentative
key for macroscopic
and microscopic barkidentification of European
trees and shrubs

Despite the various roles performed in living plants
and the abundance of preserved archaeobotanicalremains, bark identification has rarely been undertaken today. Therefore, I designed a combined macroscopic and microscopic bark identification key forthe most common European trees and shrubs. The
resulting bark identification key suggests a stepby-step process that only applies easy-to-observe
macroscopic characters that require no sampling.
Then, the identification key aims at the most accurate level of identification reachable, including targeted microscopic features. The key underlies thelimits of the process and suggests possible solutions.

Alan Crivellaro1
1 Forest Biometrics Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry,“Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Suceava,
Romania.

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P.0202 Phloem activity
drives xylogenesis in Abies
religiosa in a high mountain
forest in Mexico

four trees at a high mountain fir forest (19º 26’ 02” N,
98º44’56”, 3441 masl) in Mexico. The samples were
removed with a Trephor, fixed and processed. Transverse-sections revealed that reactivation of phloem is not simultaneous with xylem. The conducting phloem is recognized by thin-walled sieve cells
separated by two or more discontinuous bands ofparenchyma cells (0.4-0.6 mm in width). These parenchyma cells proliferate near vascular cambium
where also few solitary sclereids were seen. The
non-conductive phloem is distinctive by the wavyrays and abundant clusters of sclereids and resin
cells, both expanding towards the inner periderm.
The non-conductive phloem represents 5 or 6-foldsof the conductive phloem (> 2 mm in width). The
increase in the number of cells of the conducting
phloem begins in early February when the vegetative buds swell. The conducting phloem is reduced
at the beginning of October, when cambial activity ceases. We conclude that the reactivation of thephloem sends the corresponding signals to activate
vegetative growth and xylem development.

Teresa Terrazas1, Lauro López-Mata2,
Marco V. Alvarado1
1 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico. 2
Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados,
Montecillo, Mexico.
The inner bark (secondary phloem) is responsible for the mobilization of photosynthates woody
plants. The outer bark, on the other hand, provides
protection to the vascular system against biotic
and abiotic factors. It is known that in gymnosperms
the formation and activity of inner bark may be or
not coupled with xylogenesis. The aims of this study
were to study the seasonal changes of the secondary phloem and its dynamic related to growth inAbies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. Sampling
and observations were carried out for 24 months in

Acknowledgements: Supported by PAPIIT-IN212622.

S.022. BENEFICIAL PLANTMICROBE
INTERACTIONS.
P.0203 Plant-soil feedback
as a key of competitors’
coexistence

on direct competition, we hypothesized that population dynamics and distribution of species could be
driven by PSF. A common garden experiment was
conducted involving two species, Cistus ladaniferand C. laurifolius. Performance measures, focusing
on root and shoot biomass, were recorded underexperimental conditions. We used soils dominatedby each of the two species, conducted a cross-experimental approach that used sterilized soils andsoil microorganism inoculum from both species.
This separation aimed to discern the effects of soil
physic-chemical properties and living microorganisms. We found that the interaction of soil properties
and microorganisms drive early growth of both species. Both species grow better in richer soils where
only one species prevails. Yet, this only occurs whenplants are experiencing microorganisms from theirown soil. Consequently, our findings suggest that PSF
play a key role in regulating population dynamics ofcompeting species, challenging the conventional
understanding dominated by direct competition.

Ezequiel Antorán-Pilar1, Jaime MadrigalGonzález2, Joaquín Calatayud1
1 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. 2 EiFAB-iuFOR, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, Spain.
Understanding species coexistence is not only
about exploring the classic paradigm of competitive exclusion but also considering the role of other
ecological mechanisms. In plants, plant-soil feedback (PSF) has been identified as a relevant factor
influencing plant performance and population dynamics, but its role in the coexistence of competing
species is still poorly explored. This study explores
how PSF mediated by microorganisms, may regulate or impact coexistence mechanisms of twocompeting species. Rather than relying exclusively

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P.0204 Isolation andcharacterizationof beneficial soil
microorganisms from
Mediterranean regions to
use in agroecosystems.

and arid) as well as the isolation and the molecular
identification of AMF spores from Algeria and Tunisia.
To find good PGPB candidates that will be later applied in field conditions, different assays on the bacterial strains, such as growth compatibility test andgermination and in vivo tests using sorghum plants,
have been carried out. Finally, the AMF spores havebeen propagated to obtain a pure inoculum that will
be tested individually or in consortium on different
plant species.

Cesaro Patrizia1*, Campana Daniela
Cristina1, Massa Nadia1, Todeschini
Valeria1, Zouitane Ilham2, Derraz Khalid3,
Gamalero Elisa1, Novello Giorgia1,
Hammami Sofiene4, El GhachtouliNaïma2, Meddad-Hamza Amel5, Labidi
Sonia4, Lingua Guido1

P.0205 Endozoochory bywoolly monkeys (Lagothrix
lagothricha) and burial
condition: Impacts on theseed-associated fungal
microbiome

1 Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria,
Italy. 2 Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology andBioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technology
Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez,
Morocco. 3 Laboratory of Functional Ecology andEnvironment, Sciences and Technology Faculty, Sidi
Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco. 4
Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunisia. 5
Université Badji-Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria.

Felipe Cruz-Suárez1, Pablo R. Stevenson1,
Emma C. Solano-Flórez2, Adriana Bernal3,
Carolina Sarmiento4,5, Paul-Camilo
Zalamea4,5
1 Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales yPrimatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes,
Bogotá, Colombia. 2 Escuela de Ciencias Básicas yAplicadas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad
de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia 4 Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa,
Florida, USA. 5 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.

Unsustainable management practices and climatechanges are threatening the natural capital of soils,
particularly in the Mediterranean region where increasing population, rapid land-use changes andassociated socio-economic activities are imposing
high pressures on soils. In this context a rational useof indigenous beneficial soil microbiota can firmly increase the resilience of these systems. Under
field conditions plants interact with a multitude of
microorganisms. Among them plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF) represent a fundamental component ofsoil fertility through their role in plant growth, healthand productivity. The main aim of the PRIMA project titled “Promoting soil fertility, yield and income insmall holder agriculture of semiarid and arid Mediterranean regions by management of beneficial soil
microbiota, conservation agriculture and intercropping”, is the improvement of small farmer agronomic practices through the promotion of the rationaluse of beneficial soil microbiota and consequent
positive effects on productivity of inter-cropped
perennial and short-term species. In this work, theauthors report the isolation, the molecular identification and the physiological characterization ofrhizospheric bacteria from three Morocco sites differing for their climatic conditions (humid, semi-arid

Lagothrix lagothricha is recognized as an efficientseed disperser in the neotropics because theytransport high quantities of seeds without negatively
impacting their viability after passing through its digestive tract. However, there is a possibility that thismechanism is more intricate, involving the colonization by endophytic microorganisms that promote
plant growth. Biologically, when the seeds are released, they come into contact with the soil, allowingcolonization by microorganisms that impact seedviability. Therefore, with this approach the dynamics
of seed dispersal would be completely evaluated.
Our study aimed to understand how L. lagothricha
endozoochory and burial affect the germination, viability and diversity of endophytic microorganisms
in seeds of Cecropia peltata and Ficus dendrocida.
We worked in the plains foothills in the Rey Zamuro
Reserve, San Martín, Meta, Colombia. By feeding L.
lagothricha with seeds of the selected species, we

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obtained fecal samples and consumed seeds. Subsequently, we buried the seeds for two months in thenative forest soil and evaluated the percentage ofgermination, viability, germination time and diversity of endophytic fungi in dispersed (D), buried (B),dispersed-buried (D+B) and control seeds (C). Our
results indicate that endozoochory and burial are
the main sources of colonization in seeds by microorganisms, revealing that no endophytic fungi wereisolated in the control seeds. Additionally, endozoochory does not negatively affect the germination,
germination time, and viability of dispersed seeds
for both species. However, burial significantly reduced all of these processes. Dispersed seeds seemto resist burial better than buried seeds and control,
this is directly correlating with changes in the composition and diversity of endophytic fungi, which canestablish mutualistic, antagonistic, or commensalistic relationships. Finally, endozoochory could provide
mutualistic fungi, while burial provide antagonistic
fungi that affect seed persistence, highlighting theimportance of this dynamic in the maintenance of
neotropical forests.

chosen based on a specific gradient of urbanization and vegetation fragmentation. After two weeks,
the spatial distribution of activity for three enzymes- acid phosphatase (P-cycle),β-glucosidase (C-cycle), and leucine aminopeptidase (N-cycle) - wasmapped using a 2-D soil zymography technique.
We detected the area of enzymatic hotspots andenzyme activities in a bulk soil and rhizosphere. The
zymography showed that the levels of enzymatic
activity and the area of hotspots varied along theurbanization gradient, with the more urbanized soil
exhibiting the highest levels of both. These variations
can be explained by two related factors: soil organic pollutants (SOPs) and stress conditions, both ofwhich seem to follow the urbanization gradient. In
bulk soil, SOPs can act as a substrate for microorganisms, resulting in significant enzyme activity. At
the same time, SOPs can put oak under stress, which
is why, in the rhizosphere, oak produces greater exudates and enzymes to support these conditions. To
better understand these processes, more in-depth
analyses are currently underway.
Acknowledgments: This study was funded by “National Biodiversity Future Center—NBFC” project (CUP:
H73C22000300001) under the National Recovery and
Resilience Plan (NRRP) NextGenerationEU,Mission4Component2Investment1.4.

P.0206 Soil and oak roots
interactions under urban
gradient: a case study using
targeted enzyme activity
imaging

P.0207 Comparative
Analysis of PGPR impact
on plant growth: ANOVA
vs. machine learning
approaches

Anna Gillini1, Nataliya Bilyera 2, Dalila
Trupiano 1, Iryna Loginova 2, Michaela A.
Dippold2, Gabriella S. Scippa1
1 University of Molise, Pesche, Italy. 2 University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Chih Tao Hsu1, Günter Neumann2, JerMing Hu3, Torsten Müller4

The urban environment is one of the most vulnerable ecosystem, due to the current pollution and climate change however its integrity and stability are
critical for the global ecosystems. Various interactions including enzymatic hydrolysis of soil organic
matter occur within urban soil between its (a)biotic
components and plant roots, which are importantfor biogeochemical element cycles and resilienceof urban ecosystems. To investigate these interactions and their changes to increasingly urban context, a controlled experiment was set up to assess
enzyme activity. The experiment was performed in
the rhizoboxes, where oak (Quercus cerris) seedlings were grown in three different urban soils collected in Campobasso city (Italy). These soils were

1 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan. 2 Institute of Crop
Science. University of Hohenheim, Germany. 3 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National
Taiwan University, Taiwan. 4 Institute of Crop Science. University of Hohenheim, Germany.
This study aims to investigate the effect of microbial fertilizer (CFB) on plant growth under different soil
conditions. Plant growth data from different treatment groups were analyzed using both ANOVA andmachine learning (Random Forest and PVC) methods, comparing the effect of CFB as well as the differences in evaluating the effects of CFB between
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on exploring statistically significant differences ingrowth parameters between different treatmentgroups, while the machine learning analysis concentrated on assessing feature importance and thepredictive capability of the model.

P.0208 Ethylene-inhibiting
rhizobacteria regulated
genes in creeping bentgrass
associated with droughttolerance and post-stressrecoveryP.0209 NOOT1 remodelingunderground lateral organ
ontogeny is regulated
by NIN and availability ofnitrogen
Liying Lan 1, Ertao Wang 1
1 Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,
Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

William Errickson1, Bingru Huang1
1 Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University,
New Brunswick, USA.
Drought stress has negative impacts on the growthand quality of cool season grasses such as creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). The use of plant
growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that produce the ACC deaminase (ACCd) enzyme to reducestress-induced ethylene in plants has emerged asa novel and sustainable approach to improving
drought stress tolerance and post-stress recovery
upon re-watering. This study explored a transcriptome analysis of creeping bentgrass plants inoculated with a novel strain of ACCd-producing Paraburkholderia bacteria under three different drought
stress regimes (well-watered, 35 days of drought
stress, and 15 days of post-drought recovery) in order to understand which key genes are regulated by
ACCd bacteria to promote drought stress tolerance
and post-stress recovery. ACCd bacteria inoculation
resulted in differential expression of 122 genes underwell-watered conditions, including up-regulation ofgenes involved in root growth, water dynamics, andantioxidant production (OTS1), cell wall modification(PMEI25), anti-senescence (S3H), and reduced ROS(ADH2), as well as down-regulation of genes associated with abiotic stress response (AAO5). Inoculation
also resulted in differential expression of 15 genes
under drought stress, including upregulation of OTS1
and ADH2. After 15 days of post-drought re-watering,inoculated plants demonstrated differential expression of 13 genes, including up-regulation of RAD6,
which is associated with DNA repair, and D10, whichis associated with tiller development. These findings
help to explain the mechanisms associated with
ACCd-bacteria mediated drought stress tolerance
and post-drought recovery in cool season turfgrass.

Nod factor-induced nodule organogenesis is aprerequisite for sufficient nitrogen-fixation symbiosis between legume and rhizobia. This type of
symbiosis is supposed to have undergone a conversion from actinorhizal-type symbiosis established between the Frankia and some of non-legume plant in Nitrogen Fixation Clade (NFC). The
absence of co-transcriptional factor NODULE
ROOT1/2(MtNOOT1/2) has been reported to reverse
this conversion in Medicago truncatula. Here, we
found MtNOOT1/2 can interact with the transcription factor MtNF-YA1 which is a pivotal positive
regulator for nodule organogenesis. Over-expression of MtNOOT1/2 decreased root nodule
number, which is opposite to the over-expression
of NF-YA1. Surprisingly, the nodule number is not
impacted in mutant of MtNOOT1/2 in early stage,
but significantly increased after 35d post inoculation than wild type R108. We also found that thedecreasing of lateral root in Mtnf-ya1 mutant aswell as the increasing of LR number in noot1noot2
mutant are both depended on the availability ofnitrogen. Furthermore, we discovered NIN-binding motif in the promoter of MtNOOT1 through bioinformation analysis and verified the transcriptional up-regulation of MtNOOT1 by MtNIN in vivo.
And the expression of MtNOOT1 is upregulated
under low nitrogen conditions. As NF-YA1 uniformly distributed in the nucleus, we observed that
MtNF-YA1 being constrained in phase-separated
droplets formed by MtNOOT1/2 by which NOOT1/2
might inhibit the transcriptional activity of NF-YA1.
In conclusion, our results suggest that NOOT1/2
remodeling root nodule ontogeny by antagonizing NF-YA1 to fine tune root architecture and root
nodule ontogeny.

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P.0210 Do ectomycorrhizal
fungi enable theproductivity of oaks ininhospitable environmentsof the tropical montane
cloud forest?

provide greater benefit to high-elevation host trees.
Our project illustrates the complex relationships between trees and soil fungi at high altitude ecosystems
and the role they may play in permitting or hindering
range shifts and informing management strategies inlight of a changing climate.

P.0211 Molecularcharacterization of potential
plant growth promoting
bacteria isolates from thecentral region of Puerto Rico.

Sara Moledor1,2, Oscar J. Rocha2, Maritza
Guerrero-Barrantes3, Andrew Eagar1,2,
Margaret Campbell2, Jorge A. LeivaSanabria4, Marvin Castillo-Ugalde3,
Christopher Blackwood1,2

Hirelys M. Montes-Jiménez1, Sharelys M.
Montes-Jiménez1, Yairelys Rosa-Morales1,
Christopher A. Sambolín-Pérez1, Ramón E.
Rivera-Vicéns1

1 Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA. 2 Kent
State University, Kent, USA. 3 Tecnológico de Costa
Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. 4 Universidad de Costa
Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
The mechanisms by which species withstand stresses are critical to study because of the importance ofspecies migration in ecosystems threatened by climate change. Tropical montane cloud forests are
generally characterized by conditions inhospitable totree growth - excessive moisture, cool temperatures,excessive UV radiation, and slowed decomposition.
This gives rise to an organic nutrient pool inaccessible to most trees, driving nutrient limitation. Counter totypical Krummholz adaptations in such conditions, theoak trees of the Talamanca Mountain Range in Costa
Rica are unexpectedly tall, productive, and dominanton the landscape. One possible mechanism that may
relieve the trees of these environmental constraints istheir partnership with particular ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Most mycorrhizal fungi capture and supply inorganic
nutrients, but some species of ectomycorrhizal fungi
can acquire organic nutrients, granting tree hosts access to this high-demand nutrient pool that is otherwise unavailable to other vegetation. This would represent a significant advantage that could explain theunexpected survival and great productivity of oaksin these inhospitable regions. We sampled and sequenced soil and root fungi along an established elevational transect (2,400 – 3,100 meters) dominatedby Quercus salicifolia, Q. bumelioides, and Q. costaricensis to characterize these ectomycorrhizal systems.
Because increases in elevation are associated withincreases in the stressors described above, we expect
to see decreased overall abundance and diversity of
ECM fungi at the highest elevations. Further we expectthat mycorrhizal fungal relative abundances will shift
in favor of organic-acquisitive taxa at higher elevations, suggestive of selection for this trait that should

1 Institute of Sustainable Biotechnology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Barranquitas, Puerto
Rico.
Chemical fertilizers are one of the most used strategies to improve the yield and production of agricultural crops. However, the excessive use of thesesubstances has caused negative consequenceswith direct impact on the environment, agriculture,and human health. An alternative strategy, the useof Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) as biostimulants, have gained interest due to their ability to address the problems of chemical fertilizers.
Therefore, our study aimed to characterize isolated
bacteria from the central region of Puerto Rico ata molecular, biochemical, and morphological level to evaluate their potential biostimulant capacity
in several plants species. Spread plate and serial
dilutions were used to isolate bacterial communities present in the soil rhizosphere. Three bacterial
strains were purified and characterized by Gram
staining, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), biochemical test, motility, and DNA barcoding of 16SrRNA gene. Results at the molecular level showed apreliminary identification of isolates for the species
Staphylococcus spp., Peribacillus spp., and Bacillus
paramycoides. Additionally, biostimulant capability
was evaluated using model plant Solanum lycopersicum from phenology stage v2 to v5. Although
no statistically significant changes were obtained(P >P.5), some biological variability corresponding
to the Peribacillus treatment, when comparing positive and negative controls, was observed in termsof number of leaves, root size, and change of size.

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The findings of this research, together with new experiments being carried out, would contribute to thescarce literature on native microorganisms in Puerto
Rico and their application as biostimulants, promoting sustainable agriculture in Puerto Rico and othertropical and sub-tropical countries.

P.0212 Testing interactions
in fungal endophyte
communities of the model
liverwort Marchantia
polymorpha

between groups of four or five endophytes. Theseexperiments reveal a variety of interactions between endophyte community members that impact the health of the plant host.

P.0213 Native vs. non-native
arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi inoculation for dry
habitat restoration
M. Pérez-Redondo1, M.J. Jaizme-Vega1, A.
Montesinos-Navarro2, L. Díaz-Jimenez3,
J.A. Reyes-Betancort1, A.M. GonzálezRodríguez3

Jessica Nelson1
1 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway.
Plants harbor diverse communities of microbes on
their surfaces and within their tissues. These microbiomes, composed of fungi, bacteria, archaea,
and other eukaryotic organisms, are key in plant
health and success. Interactions with microbial
symbionts can contribute to plant nutrient uptake, immunity, competitive ability, and hormonal regulation. Interactions between members ofplant microbiomes can significantly impact theoutcome for the host overall, for example whencertain symbionts can fight a pathogen or blockthe colonization of a mutualist. Untangling such
dynamics within plant microbiomes and their impacts on hosts requires a variety of study types,
from network analyses of environmental microbiome sequencing data, to controlled laboratory
experiments. For the later type of study, systems
using sterile plants and known microbiome members are necessary. These kinds of experimental systems ideally use model plant hosts so thatthe molecular mechanisms behind the host outcomes can also be studied. This work has alreadybegun with synthetic communities of bacteria andfungi from the Arabidopsis thaliana microbiome.
The study presented here brings this methodology
into a bryophyte model, the liverwort Marchantia
polymorpha. This study presents a series of experiments using wild-collected fungal endophytes ofM. polymorpha to investigate principles of microbiome community interactions. The experiments
address (1) pairwise interactions between fungi inthe host, (2) relatedness among interacting endophytes, (3) priority effects when two fungi are
inoculated at different times, and (4) interactions

1 Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, San
Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain. 2 Centro de Investigaciones sobre la Desertificación-CSIC. Valencia,
Spain. 3 Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal dela Laguna, Spain.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic
symbionts of most plant species, playing a key rolein facilitating plant establishment in natural terrestrial ecosystems. Their integration into restoration
projects is becoming increasingly important, particularly in arid environments where plant development faces greater threats. These organisms play afundamental role in enhancing plant nutrition andtolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, especially under harsh environmental conditions. The aimof this work is to assess the impact of native versus non-native AMF inoculants on the functional response of native species from the Macaronesia region for the restoration of arid areas in the CanaryIslands. Chlorophyll content, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and gas exchange parameters were evaluated in five native plant species inoculated with native
and allochthonous mycorrhizae, after six months ofgrowth under greenhouse conditions. Additionally,parameters such as shoot/root ratio and shoot dry
weight were analysed. The species of interest were
Coronilla viminalis, Asteriscus intermedius, Echium
decaisnei, Phalaris coerulescens and Bituminaria bituminosa. The physiological behaviour of the studied
species exhibited variations depending on the originof the inoculum. Coronilla viminalis demonstrated apositive response (with higher shoot/root ratio andshoot dry weight) when inoculated with native AMF,
exhibiting elevated chlorophyll content and lower levels of antioxidants (anthocyanins and flavonoids). This work contributes to the advancement of
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the efficacy of using native AMF inoculants specificto the study area. The findings show the beneficial
effects of native AMF inoculants on certain plant
species, emphasizing the need for further researchin this direction.

P.0214 Discovery andbioengineering of natural
products from Streptomyces
to improve plant stressresistance
Yijun Qiao1, Zhijie Yang1, Naga Charan
Konakalla2, Emil Strøbech1, Pernille
Harris1, Gundela Peschel3, Miriam AglerRosenbaum3, Tilmann Weber4, Erik
Andreasson2, Ling Ding1
1 Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. 2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,
Alnarp, Sweden. 3 Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany. 4 Novo Nordisk Foundation
Center for Biosustainability, Technical University ofDenmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Greater challenges have been aroused with the increasingly serious environment and climate change
issues, such as drought and excessive salinity in soil.
Innovative and environmentally friendly solutions for
improving agriculture are on call to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 15.
According to the literature, microorganisms and theirsecondary metabolites that are beneficial to plants
can correspondingly provide strategies for this goal.
So that our project was proposed, based on previously discovered microbial natural products, pteridic acids, which were produced by Streptomyces andcan promote plant growth as well as improve stressresistance at the concentration of 1 ng/mL. Our main
purpose is to find more bioactive natural analogues,
confirm their modes of action, and obtain enoughamount for application in agricultural production
to improve yield, reduce water usage, and enhanceplants stress resistance. To achieve the goals, thisproject is ongoing, carried out through a series ofresearch, combining the technology of microbiology, natural product chemistry, biotechnology withplant sciences. Firstly, we’re trying to discover new
pteridic acids and investigate their structure-activity relationship by genome mining, high throughout
chemical determination, molecular networking andgenetic editing. Secondly, we’ve tested the effects ofpteridic acids on different plants, such as Arabidopsis, wheat and mung beans. Meanwhile, we’ve tried
to elucidate the mode of action of pteridic acids bytranscriptome analysis. Finally, genetic editing andmedia optimization have been used to improve theproduction of pteridic acids from Streptomyces. The
anticipated outcome is to provide biostimulants
and strategies to help in dealing with environmental and climate threats, as well as assisting develop
environmentally friendly and sustainable green agriculture.

P.0215 Characterizationof Puerto Rico Musa
spp. resistance genecandidate against Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Christopher A. Sambolín-Pérez1, Ramón E.
Rivera-Vicéns1, Rosalinda Aybar-Batista1,
Juan A. Negrón-Berríos1
1 Institute of Sustainable Biotechnology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Barranquitas, Puerto
Rico.
The species of Musa are an important food source
worldwide and possess a big role in the economy of underdeveloped countries. Bananas andplantains are the most important member ofMusa spp. due to their nutritional compositionand value. Musa spp. are commonly affected byharmful diseases caused by phytopathogens, including black sigatoka and fusarium wilt. Moreover, the lethal strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
cubense tropical race 4 (FOC-4), have been reported in various places in Central America andcurrently there is a warning in Venezuela. If thisdeadly phytopathogen arrives to Puerto Rico, itwill affect the whole economical and agricultural sector due to the severe phytopathology of thisfungal disease. Previous work reported in someMusa spp. wildtypes have found several Nucleotide-binding-and-Leucine-rich-repeat (NB-LRR)
type resistance (R) genes that can provide immunity against FOC-4. However, there is no characterization and detection of such genes in Puerto
Rico local Musa spp. varieties. Our research aims
to employ molecular tools (PCR, qPCR, Sanger sequencing, and RNA-Seq) in local in-vitro Musa spp.
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tect the candidate resistance gene and elucidate
their abundance and regulation. This project has avital role for protecting Puerto Rico food crops, by
saving potential losses of products of the farmers
cultivating banana and plantains. Preliminary, diagnostic PCR and qRT-PCR results shows the presence of Musa spp. resistance gene analog against
FOC-4 and high transcripts abundance on Dwarf
variety. Resistance gene was sequenced using
Sanger method and results shows high similarity
with candidate resistance gene suggested in theliterature. Detecting and understanding the functionality of such genes will provide an insight into
the molecular defense mechanisms of local Musa
spp. varieties against FOC-4 and perhaps, have
preventive strategy for its control.

P.0216 Understanding theenvironmental drivers ofroot-associated fungal
communities in a West
Carpathian endemic
Daphne arbuscula
Zuzana Gajdošová1, Miroslav Caboň1,
Zuzana Kolaříková2, Radka Sudová2, Jana
Rydlová2, Ingrid Turisová3, Peter Turis3,
Jaromír Kučera1, Marek Slovák1,4
1 Plant Sciences and Biodiversity Centre of Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. 2 Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic. 3 Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 4Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Rocky outcrops function as ecological islands,
hosting an extraordinary biodiversity characterized by numerous rare and endemic species.
These habitats impose challenging abiotic conditions, necessitating adaptive responses from rockplants. The fitness and long-term survival of theseplants are intricately linked to diverse mutualistic
and antagonistic interactions with the surrounding mycobiome. Despite the complexity of thisecosystem network, it still needs to be exploredand demands further scrutiny. In our investigation, microscopic observations and metabarcoding analyses (amplicon sequencing) were employed to unravel the diversity of root-associatedfungi in Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae), a
rock specialist and West Carpathian narrow en-

demic shrub. Our findings unveiled extensive colonization of D. arbuscula roots by a diverse arrayof taxonomic and ecological fungal groups, predominantly comprised of plant pathogens, dark
septate endophytes (DSE), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Our results suggested thatthe observed diversification in the fungal spectrum was likely triggered by environmental variables: sites with warmer microclimates exhibited aprevalence of plant pathogens, while colder sites
demonstrated a dominance of DSE. This implies
that D. arbuscula populations in warmer areas
may be more susceptible to fungal infections, especially during abrupt climatic shifts associatedwith ongoing climate change. Conversely, an increased abundance of DSE in colder areas may
mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses. Establishinga nuanced equilibrium between beneficial anddetrimental interactions between rock-dwelling
plants and the surrounding microbiome emerges
as a pivotal factor for the enduring survival of thisendemic species. Acknowledgments: This work was
supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-22-0365), the Scientific Grant
Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sports of the Slovak Republic and the
Slovak Academy of Sciences (VEGA 2/0098/22 and
VEGA 2/0050/22), the Grant Programme for Slovak
Academy of Science PhD students (APP0361), andthe institutional project RVO 67985939.

P.0217 There’s Azolla lot
more to Azolla: insights fromthe California Conservation
Genomics Project
Michael J. Song1, Carrie Tribble2, Forrest
Freund3, Fay-Wei Li4, Carl Rothfels5
1 Skyline College, San Bruno, USA. 2 University ofWashington, Seattle, USA. 3 Bureau of Land Management, USA. 4 Boyce Thompson Institute andCornell University, Cornell, USA. 5 Utah State University, USA.
Our chromosome-level assembly of Azolla microphylla and the resequencing of hundreds of Azolla
samples across the state of California shed light on
how many species there are in the state, patternsof co-diversification with its main endosymbiont
and many newly discovered leaf-pocket associatedbacteria, and population genomics.

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P.0218 Interaction between
Rhizopogon himalayensis
ectomycorrhiza and Cedrus
deodara root during mantle
development

P.0219 Unraveling leaf hostmicrobial interactions: dointraspecific, intraindividual,
and temporal variations infunctional traits matter?

Gunjan Thakur1, Kulraj S. Kapoor1, Ashwani
Tapwal1

Xiangbo Yin1,2, Susanne Walden1, Eric
Martiné1, Lars Opgenoorth1, Maaike Y.
Bader1

1 Himalayan Forest Research Institute Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
The myobiont, Rhizopogon himalayensis is only
understood to exclusively exist in ectomycorrhizal association with Cedrus deodara in Himachal Pradesh, India. The current research is the firstattempt at understanding this plant–mycobiont
interaction in a framework of the developmental
and physiological processes that underscore thecolonization and morphogenesis of ectomycorrhiza. For this, 6-month-old C. deodara seedlings
tailored with the mycobiont R. himalayensis were
harvested from the nursery bags and the excisedroot tips were examined under a light microscopeat 100x, 400x, and 1000x power to progressively examine the steps leading to complete encasing ofroots by mantle hyphae. It was observed that theectomycorrhiza emerged as a lateral outgrowthfrom the mother root, exhibiting two distinct root
morphologies. The fungal colonization involved aseries of steps including fungal hyphae aggregation around the root hair, suppression of root hairdevelopment, twisting and collapsing of the root
hair, and eventually complete encasing of theroot tips by the fungal mycelium. Understanding
the development of the mantle and the interactions between R. himalayensis ectomycorrhiza
and C. deodara root is crucial for comprehending
the establishment and functioning of this mutualistic association. Results from this experiment
provide valuable insights into our understandingof the mechanisms underlying ectomycorrhizal
symbiosis and potentially aid in the developmentof sustainable forestry practices by improving
the establishment and growth of C. deodara
trees through the enhancement of ectomycorrhizal associations.

1 Philipp University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
2 National Institute of Scientific Research, Quebec
City, Canada.
Functional traits offer mechanistic insights, precise
metrics, and predictive capabilities for assessing thephysiological status, fitness, and even broader ecosystem processes and responses of plants. Leaves,comprising both the phyllosphere (exterior) and endosphere (interior), represent a widespread and diverse
habitat for microbiota. Those microorganisms in leaves
not only promote host fitness and nutrient acquisition,
but also play important roles in global biodiversity andbiogeochemical cycles. However, understanding therelative contributions of host-associated and environmental factors in determining host microbial community composition as well as the primary mechanisms
within a host that mediate host-microbe interactions,remains a challenge in microbial ecology. To address
the questions, the common oak (Quercus robur L.),amain forest-forming species in European forest ecosystems, was chosen to determine and quantify theinteraction between leaf functional traits and microbial community structure and functions. Both field andgreenhouse experiments weredesigned to focus on
intraindividual (e.g., canopy position, leaf sides), intraspecific (e.g., site-specific conditions), and temporalvariations (e.g., growth stages) as potential drivers offunctional trait-microbial interactions. Morphological(e.g., specific leaf area and dry mass), physiological(e.g., photosynthetic rates and surface wettability) andchemical properties (e.g., nutrient concentrations, metabolite production) were measured to represent theleaf functional traits. Furthermore, to determine potential influence of global changes on leaf functions, wewill design experiments to evaluate how these properties change under drought and heat. This project aims
to unravel the complex interaction between plant
functional traits and leaf microbiota, thereby informing potential mitigation strategies to safeguard plant
fitness and ecosystem stability to global changes. We
will present the concepts used in this project as well as
the preliminary results.

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P.0220 Variety-specificeffects of Trichoderma
application on wheat
germination, early growth,and biomass
Mehrdad Zarafshar 1, Olivier Besnard 2,
Gaëlle Vincent3, Stéphane Bazot3
1 Department of Forestry and Wood Technology,
Faculty of Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö,Sweden 2 Biophytech Research and Development
Company, Paris, France 3 Ecology Systematique
Evolution, Institute for the Diversity, Ecology and
Evolution of the Living World, University of Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif sur Yvette, France.
This study investigated the varietal-specific impact ofTrichoderma application on wheat germination, early
growth, and biomass. The experiment was conductedwithin a controlled chamber, employing three distinct
Trichoderma treatments with six replications: a coating application method applied by carboxymethyl
cellulose, liquid application method, and a series ofcontrol groups, with each treatment applied to bothsterilized and non-sterilized soil samples. The researchconcentrated on assessing how these Trichoderma
treatments influence the germination process, early
growth stages, and overall biomass of wheat plants.

Seed germination in the Archashon wheat variety exhibited a decline when subjected to Trichoderma applications. In contrast to the control group, where seedgermination reached approximately 77%, the application of Trichoderma in liquid form led to a remarkable increase in seed germination for the Cell wheat
variety, with rates reaching as high as 90%. Similarly,
the Shrek variety exhibited a parallel trend, further emphasizing the variety-specific impact of Trichoderma
application on seed germination. While Trichoderma
applications had a notable impact on plant height in
the Archashon and Shrek wheat varieties, the Cell variety displayed remarkable stability in this regard, showing no significant shift in plant height in response to
our treatments. Specifically, for Archashon and Shrek,
Trichoderma applications were associated with a decrease in plant height. Regarding shoot biomass, noconsiderable change was observed in all varieties
following Trichoderma applications. However, a veryslight increase was noted after employing the seedsticking method. Finally, we measured root extrication
biomass, and the data reveal a promising impact ofTrichoderma application in terms of stimulating root
growth of wheat plant. In conclusion, our initial experiment exhibited a promising impact of Trichoderma
as a biostimulator. We are currently extending ourresearch to real field conditions, and future data will
provide a more comprehensive understanding of its
practical application.

S.023. BEYOND BIOGEOGRAPHY: ADAPTATION
AND DIVERSIFICATION ACROSS THE
INDOPACIFIC
P.0221 Understanding thediversity of Begonia sectBaryandra in the West IndoPacific using phylogenomics
and machine learning
Mark Angelo C. Bucay1,2, Li-Wei Tsai1,
Danilo N. Tandang1,2,3, Hong-Wun
Chen1,,Hao-Chun Hsu1, Rosario R. Rubite4,
Kuo-Fang Chung1
1 Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. 2 National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3 National

Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines. 4
University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
The Western Indo-Pacific is a crucial laboratory of plant
evolution wherein the very diverse floristic assemblage is scattered across islands. This study focuseson identifying speciation of Begonia sect Baryandra
based on its ancestry and morphology. Baryandra is amonophyletic plant group that has a very diverse leaf
morphology centrally distributed in the Philippine archipelago and reaches islands of Taiwan, Japan and
Malaysia. The project, with the help of local institutions,
implemented one of the most comprehensive Begonia samplings in the Philippines to date. Forty species
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further combined with the past collections depositedin Academia Sinica in Taiwan. Combined collections
accounts for ~90% of all described Baryandra species to date, representing almost all major islands ofthe known species range. To study this vast collection,
the project is integrating two approaches to determine their phenotypic and genotypic diversity– machine learning and phylogenomics. Machine learning(ML) will utilize leaf images from the field to quantify
diversity of these plants’ foliage. Given their immense
leaf variations, ML aims to eliminate human perception bias on morphological characterization. Phylogenomics will utilize both nuclear DNA (through hybrid
capture of known Begonia markers) and whole plastid DNA (through genome skimming) to see ancestry
and hybridization patterns across different islands. The
quantified leaf diversity will then be integrated into thephylogenomic lineages to see phylogenetic signals
and infer possible inter- and intra-island species relationships in this portion of the Pacific. It is anticipatedthat there are corresponding patterns between Baryandra lineages and how these leaves look like acrossthe species’ range. It will show the speciation patternsof these plants in the archipelago, further shedding
light to understand how the planet’s botanical diversity evolves in island settings.

sampling (22 out of 72 species), we are aiming to explore the genetic variation of two widespread taxa Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz and Barringtonia racemosa(L.) Spreng as well as the genetic and ethnobotanicalrelationship with other taxa in the region. Barringtonia
asiatica and B. racemosa have the widest distribution
range among all Barringtonia species, stretching fromeastern Africa to the Pacific Islands and Australia. Our
analysis incorporates 12 samples of B. asiatica and 14
samples from B. racemosa from different islands andmainland areas in the Indo-Pacific region. Barringtonia
asiatica forms a well supported monophyletic clade,while the B. racemosa clade receives lower support.
Our phylogeny also includes samples of 20 other Barringtonia species from different geographic regions.
Prance in the latest monograph of the genus identified
three centers of biodiversity in 2012, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, and New Guinea. Taxa belonging to theseareas form biogeographic clusters in our analysis. In
addition, our data identified a well supported clusterof closely related Melanesian taxa. Another part of ourstudy focuses on identifying nodes based on plant
properties and ethnobotanical uses, which we cancompare with our phylogeny.

P.0223 Revision of the
Cranfillia vulcanica(Blechnaceae,
Polypodiopsida) species
complex in the Indo-PacificregionP.0222 Examining
phylogenetic relationshipsof Barringtonia taxa in
the Indo-Pacific using
herbarium samples andethnobotanical records

Rubén Vázquez1, Jose María Gabriel y
Galán†1, Sonia Molino1, Manuel Pimentel
Pereira2

Else Demeulenaere1, J. Gordon Burleigh2,
Tom Schils3, Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond4

1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.

1 University of Guam Center for Island Sustainability and Sea Grant, University of Guam, UOG Station,
Mangilao, Guam. 2 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 3 Marine Laboratory,
University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam
4 UA Museum of the North Herbarium and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA.

Cranfillia Gasper & V.A.O. Dittrich, a genus in the leptosporangiate fern family Blechnaceae Newman,
was described in 2016, based mostly on molecularevidence. Cranfillia species grow in the Neotropics
and throughout Oceania, and they present high morpho-anatomical variability between them. Consequently, different authors have cast doubt on the taxonomic reliability of the genus. In addition to this, in thelast decade many nomenclatural changes have been
proposed for the genus. In 2019, a taxonomic assessment of the Cranfillia vulcanica species complex fromthe Indo-Pacific region was completed, and it led tothe description of new species, restoration of old com-

Barringtonia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Lecythidaceae) is agenus of flowering plants known for its showy flowers
and peculiar fruits. The genus is found in the Indo-Pacific region. Indigenous peoples from these regions
use various parts of these plants for medicine, food,fish poison, and other uses. In addition to inferring thefirst molecular phylogeny based on broad geographic

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binations and proposals of new ones. Most taxa in thecomplex are insular, restricted to very small areas andpoorly represented in collections. Here, we report on
our recent taxonomic review of Cranfillia, conductedusing molecular and morpho-anatomical characters.
This approach has allowed us to clarify some of theunknowns around the systematics of this mostly Pacific group of ferns. Our phylogenetic study is basedon three plastid regions (rps4, trnL-trnF and rbcL) and
we have included many taxa considered in Cranfillia for the first time. Our morpho-anatomical assessment was conducted mostly on materials from NY, US

and UC herbaria. Blechnum sect. Pilosum is resolved
as monophyletic in Cranfillia, and as sister to the typespecies C. fluviatilis. The easternmost representativesof the genus (growing in Samoa, Cook Islands andFrench Polynesia) and the Australasian specimens arealso nested within this group. Some taxa are poorly
defined and apparently paraphyletic. This could be
due to the use of imprecise taxonomic characterswhich could vary based on external factors. The Polynesian species group is revealed as not monophyletic.
Therefore, it must have reached its current distribution
through different dispersal events from Australasia.

S.024. BEYOND PLANT BLINDNESS: BRINGING
PLANTS INTO THE FOREGROUND
P.0224 Is the cactus flora
valued in the semi-arid
high Andean enclaves ofColombia?
Daniela Porras–Flórez1, Sofía Albesiano2,
Kendry Hernández–Herrera3, Nubia
Gómez–Velázco4
1 Area de Biodiversidad, Fundacion Cataruben,
Yopal, Casanare, Colombia. 2 Departamento de
Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Colombia. asalbesianoh@ut.edu.co 3
Grupo de Estudio en Biotecnologia, Universidad de
La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia. 4 Grupo de Estadistica–GAMMA, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia.
Ethnobotany rescues and preserves the understanding of the human-nature relationship, fundamental
information for the design of culturally appropriate
and sustainable economic promotion and development projects. In the semi-arid high Andean enclavesof Colombia, economic conflicts occur, which lead topoverty and hunger, and where cacti stand out, which,due to their asexual reproduction and few requirements for their establishment, could contribute to theeconomic development of these ecosystems. The objectives were to identify the most used species, determine the uses attributed to cacti, measure the knowledge index of the informants, recognizing the mostimportant species with the highest use value, and correlate the ethnobotanical indices with socioeconomic
factors. For this, 262 semi-structured interviews wereapplied; eight categories of use were proposed: agri-

cultural, agroecological, food, commercial, medicinal,
ornamental, environmental and technological service;and three indices were used, relative importance, usevalue for each of the species and wealth of knowledge. Nine species were identified, of which eight areused as food and ornamental, with Opuntia ficus-indica standing out for its richness of uses, compared
to Cylindropuntia tunicata, which does not report importance. Variables such as age and residence time
showed a significant relationship with the number ofplants used. It is expected that the results will contribute to disseminating local knowledge, preserving
cactus flora, and promoting its large-scale cultivation,
since species such as Mammillaria columbiana, Melocactus andinus and Melocactus curvispinus are being
used in an unsustainable manner, which could cause
their local extinction.

P.0225 Diversity of edible
aroid species and varieties
sold as ‘tajer’ in the
Netherlands
Fang Qiong1, Peter Matthews2, Eric
Schranz1, Tinde van Andel1,2
1 Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University &Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 2 National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan. 3 Naturalis
Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
‘Tajer’ is a generic Surinamese name for edible plants
including taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and
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tributed and cultivated, known to have high nutritional
value, and rank among the most important root andtuber crops globally. ‘Tajer’ consumption is limited because of its acridity, which may severely irritate thethroat and lips if not cooked properly. However, no indepth studies have been done on the ‘tajer’ acridity
variation and how to diminish it. In this study, we usedethnobotanical methods to document the diversityof ‘tajer’ species and varieties and plant parts available on the Dutch market and how ‘tajer’ consumers
in the Netherlands deal with its acridity. Ethnobotanicalmethods were used to collect samples, specimens,
and document information. In total, 60 samples werecollected from 27 different locations in six cities, and 55
people were interviewed. We found at least three species, C. esculenta, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott,
Xanthosoma violaceum Schott and Caladium bicolor(Aiton) Vent., are sold under the name of ‘tajer’. Plant
parts sold as ‘tajer’ include corm, leaf, inflorescence,and young plant, with various processing. ‘Tajer’ ismostly sold in groceries, markets and supermarkets
that mainly serve immigrant communities. People fromdifferent countries use different processing methods
to avoid and reduce ‘tajer’ acridity, including peeling,cooking, and addition of specific ingredients such as
milk and sour fruits. Further molecular experiments willassist with the identification of these plants at the species and varietal level. We also present the first findingson the cultivation of ‘tajer’ in western Europe. Our work
will contribute to a better awareness of ‘tajer’ varietiesand processing methods in Western Europe and promote a higher diversity in greenhouse crops.

P.0226 Mimicking stinkbugs: ecological strategies
of defensive traits inthe endangered plant
Aristolochia delavayi

ronmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China. 4 College of Wildlife and Protected Area,
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang,
China. 5 Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
Mimicry is a phenomenon wherein one species, themimic, closely imitates another, the model, enhancing its adaptability by misleading a third party into
interacting with it as though it were the model. In theplant kingdom, mimicry is predominantly employed toenhance adaptability by either withholding rewards
from mutualistic partners or deterring herbivores
cost-effectively. In this study, we conducted field experiments, chemical analyses, behavioral assays, andelectrophysiological studies to test the hypothesis that
Aristolochia delavayi, a member of the birthwort family, employs chemical mimicry by emitting leaf scentsclosely resembling those of stink bugs, thereby repelling vertebrate herbivores. Our findings reveal that theleaf scent of A. delavayi shares both chemical composition and functional characteristics with the generalized defensive volatiles emitted by stink bugs. This
scent effectively deters vertebrate herbivores, likely
through activating TRPA1 channels via (E)-2-alkenal
compounds. Despite the potent deterrent effect of (E)2-alkenals, a swallowtail species Byasa daemonius
has evolved to bypass these defenses. This butterfly
specializes in feeding on A. delavayi and depends on
it for its life cycle, with the larvae sequestering aristolochic acids as defense substrates from the plant asthey feed. Additionally, A. delavayi is a commonly used
spice plant along the Jinsha River, and over-harvesting has resulted in a reduction in its population, posing
cascading effects and increasing the possibility of extinction for other species.

P.0228 The festival “Botany:
Between Science and Art”
– an educational activity toraise awareness of plants
among children aged 3 to 12

Jia Ge1, 2, Yu-Long Yu1, 2, 3, Wen-Qi Dong4,
Guillaume Chomicki5, Shi-Long Yang4,
Yupeng Geng3, Gao Chen1, 2
1 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany,
Kunming, Yunnan, China. 2 Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with
Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute ofBotany, Kunming, Yunnan, China. 3 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity ofSouthwest China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant
Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology,
Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Envi-

Mercè Rocadembosch1, Elodie Hidalgo2,
Oriane Hidalgo3,4
1 Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona,
Spain. 2 Ecole de la Placette, Nîmes, France. 3 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 4 Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
Plants are one of the main keystones of biodiversity. For that reason, raising consciousness about
their importance is a major and urgent educational

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challenge, especially in the face of ongoing global
crisis. The activity presented here, stemming fromthe collaboration between an artist, a schoolteacher and a botanist, was aimed at children aged 3 to12, and used both scientific and artistic tools to foster awareness and transform their relationship withplants and nature. As part of the 4th edition of the“Cuenta la Ciencia” program, a botanical festival
was organised at the Botanical Institute of Barcelona
and the Botanical Garden. The festival’s programme
offered twelve different activities for children aged
3-6 and nine for those aged 7-12, covering sensory
experiences and activities based on manipulation,observation, creation, appropriation of botanicalvocabulary and teamwork performances. The wholeexperience was highly successful, with both children
and parents expressing their wish towards having more festivals of this kind organised during theyear. We strongly believe that this approach could
be further promoted by developing and sharing
educational materials to engage children througha playful exploration of the diverse and fascinating
aspects of the botanical world.

any symbolic meaning. To strengthen the previous
analysis, we further investigated the role of thesemotifs in the Roman world, looking at their identification and their symbolism according to the context of representation. We analysed a wide typology
of artworks (frescoes, sculptures, and architecturalelements) from the National Roman Museum, selecting a significant number (191) dated between
the VII cent. BC and the III cent. AD, 88.5% of which
are sculptures. Until now, about 60 different botanical taxa have been identified through the support
of a botanical atlas, online databases and ancient
texts. Acanthus mollis, Laurus nobilis, Hedera helix,
Asphodelus sp. and fruits such as Cydonia oblonga, Malus sp., Pyrus sp., had the highest recurrence.
Some of them appear linked to specific typologies
of artworks and context, with a more or less complex
symbolic aim. This study will provide a better understanding of the role of plants in Roman culture andreconstruct the ancient landscape. The final goal is
to bring nature back into museums, as the ancients
perceived it, using artefacts as the connection between a forgotten language and modern society.

P.0229 A forgotten
botanical language: thephytoiconology in thearchaeological collections
from the National Roman
Museum

P.0230 Carbon stocks andsequestration potentialof mangroves of Kannur
district, Kerala, India

Alessandro Lazzara1, Alma Kumbaric1,
Chiara Giobbe2, Giulia Caneva1

1 Government Brennen College, Thalassery, Kannur, India. 2 Krishna Menon Memorial Government
Womens College, Kannur, India. 3 Sir Syed College,
Taliparamba, Kannur, India.

M Swedha Madhavan1, K T
Chandramohanan2, P Sreeja3

1 Department of Science, University of Roma Tre,
Rome, Italy. 2 National Roman Museum, Rome, Italy.
Nature was deeply rooted in ancient cultures, where
any natural phenomena were carefully observed
and explained within the divine sphere. Humans andNature’s relationship is visible in classical themes
such as food or medicine, but also in paintings andmonuments, like columns, capitals, festoons, andlandscapes. This profound knowledge of nature created an iconographic and symbolic language where
the botanical elements, extrapolated from their natural context, were used to transmit messages andabstract ideas, as shown in the Ara Pacis and Villa diLivia’s frescoes, at the Augustan time. However, culture and religion led to forgetting this language, andNature lost its exceptional role. Naturalistic representations became just ornamental motifs, without

Mangroves are important sinks of organic carbon (C)and there is significant interest in their use for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. The preliminary aimof the study includes estimation of biomass and carbon storage potential of mangrove species distributed in the selected study stations of Kannur district,
Kerala. The selected stations of Kannur district for the
study include Cherukunnu (S1) and Nadal (S2). Quadrant study was carried out for the non-destructive
estimation of biomass of mangrove species. Existing
general allometric equations were applied for computing biomass and carbon content of mangrove
species. The total biomass and carbon content ofmangrove trees in ten study plots from S1 was foundto be higher in A. officinalis (9,274.53 kg and 6,058.64
kg C) and lower in K. candel (94.65 kg and 46.8 kg C).

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Total biomass and carbon content of A. officinalis inten study plots from S2 had greater values (6,563.8 kg
and 3,562. 51 kg C), whereas K. candel had lower values(117.5 kg and 58.3 kg C). The total biomass of all true
mangrove trees from the study plots was estimated tobe 19,951.42 kg in S1 and 14,336.79 kg in S2. The total carbon content (AGC + BGC) of all true mangrove trees
from the study plots was estimated to be higher in S1(10,584.21 kg C) compared to S2 (7,231.15 kg C) which isequivalent to the weight of 38844.04 CO2 and 26538.32
CO2. Mangrove species distributed in the undisturbed
area of the study stations (S1) exhibit high biomass andcarbon content. It signifies the potential of mangrove
species in carbon sequestration and thereby plays avital role in climate change mitigation by reducing atmospheric CO2 emissions.

activity of diethyl ether (Et2O), methanol (MeOH), 70%
ethanol (EtOH), ethyl-acetate (EtOAc), 50% acetone(Me2CO) and dichloromethane:methanol (DCM:MeOH,
1:1) extracts of the aerial parts of C. stoebe was investigated for the first time on the HeLa cell line using the
MTT assay. The results showed a strong cytotoxic activity of C. stoebe extracts. The highest observed cytotoxicity in the HeLa cell line was induced by Et2O andEtOAc extracts (IC50 = 51.21 μg/mL and 56.81 μg/mL, respectively), while the 70% ethanol extract exhibited thelowest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 250.5 μg/mL). Further phytochemical studies, as well as tests on non-cancerous
cell lines are necessary to determine the relevance of
these extracts for potential therapeutic applications.

P.0233 From pandemic to
the world: Botânica sempre
viva

P.0231 Cytotoxic activity ofdifferent extracts of spotted
knapweed (Centaurea
stoebe L., Asteraceae) from
SerbiaMaria L. S. de Carvalho1, Ariane L.
Nascimento1, Carolina S. Pinho1, Cecília S.
Rodrigues1, Jessica L. B. Tanajura1, Lana L.
B. dos Santos1

Milica Miletić1, Jelica Novaković1, Bogdan
Jovanović1, Pedja Janaćković1

1 Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
Botanical Unawareness has been tentatively tackled with the aim of increasing people’s awareness ofplants, which are essential for maintaining life on theplanet. However, this is not a simple task, requiring a
constant investment in didactic, engaging, accessible, and contextualized communication between
academic community and society. In this sense, theBotânica Sempre Viva (BSV) university extension project was born at the Federal University of Bahia, whichaims to mitigate the effects of Botanical Unawarenessin both academic and non-academic audiences.
Amid the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, we started ouractivities on social media with posts about curiosities,
interdisciplinary content, and the appreciation of personalities in the history of botany. However, considering that the main root of botanical unawareness liesin the field of education, three free virtual educational
materials were also produced, which, two years later,
received a scientific women award (2022). Continuing with educational initiatives, in 2021 we began developing a mobile app game (ADAPTO) that involves
plant morphology and anatomy within the context ofBrazilian biomes. This work was awarded at the Biology Week of the Institute of Biology at UFBA the following year. In 2022, BSV initiated a partnership with the
Botanical Parks project in cataloging and promoting

1 Chair of Plant Morphology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology - University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Republic of Serbia.
The knapweeds, members of the genus Centaurea L.,
belong to the tribe Cardueae and represent one of thelargest genera in the family Asteraceae. According torecent data, the genus comprises about 250 species,
which are mainly distributed in Eurasia, especially in
the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions, withsome species (mostly representatives of the section
Jacea) extending northwards into temperate areas ofEurope. The species of the genus are used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Therefore, many
species have been pharmacologically characterized.
However, the object of this study, a spotted knapweed,
Centaurea stoebe L. from Circum-Mediterranean
Clade, remains largely uncharacterized pharmacologically. The species is a biennial or perennial herbaceous plant widely distributed in Serbia and considered as one of the most aggressive invasive andeconomically damaging allochthonous plant species
in North America. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of different extracts of C. stoebe.
The plant material was collected during the flowering
period in July 2021 near Kruševac, Serbia. The cytotoxic

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plants in public parks in the city of Salvador, Bahia. In
2023, botanical art workshops were conducted withchildren from public schools during the Science andTechnology Week. Additionally, the construction of two
catalogs (one with an audiobook version for visually
impaired individuals) showcasing the flora of Mucugê
Municipal Park - the Sempre Viva Project - began. In
the future, we hope to continue contributing to the expansion of botanical knowledge and interaction withsociety through accessible and engaging language,transcending the boundaries of the university andhelping to promote empathy and respect for botany.

P.0234 Ritual plants in anindustrialized country: ananalysis of blessed herbal
bouquets in the Netherlands
Isabela Pombo Geertsma1,2, Berber
Zandstra3, Marieke Duinhouwer2,4, Sjors
Kleuskens5, Corné van der Linden3, Tinde
van Andel2,3
1 Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Botanical
Gardens Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The
Netherlands. 3 Biosystematics Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 4 Leiden University. 5 Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Botanical Gardens Utrecht University,
Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Ethnobotanical research is often centred around edible and medicinal plants, as these species are generally considered most important for human society andtheir study assists knowledge conservation of culturally
important plants. The Netherlands is an industrializedcountry where only 15% of its land area is set-aside
for nature conservation and where foraging plants
for food and medicine are not generally practised inmodern history. Here, conservation efforts focus on the
intrinsic value of species and ecosystem services but
are unable to shift attitudes to nature-positive thinking.
For this to occur, fostering a close connection with species via direct interaction may be a more important,but overlooked driver. A rare example of such a culturallink between society and nature in the Netherlands isfound in the Catholic south of the country, where SaintJohn’s Day (June 24th) and Mary’s Assumption (August15th) are important celebrations wherein plants play a
prominent role. For these celebrations, people assemble bouquets which are blessed in church, broughthome and hung up in the house where they serve toprotect the building and its inhabitants. These bouquets are beautiful assemblages of wild species suchas Centaurea cyanus, Tanacetum vulgare and Hypericum spp., combined with garden plants such as Rosa
spp. Interviewees express concern over the ever-growing distance to desirable harvesting locations, the municipality’s mowing policy and the shifting of blooming
periods due to climate change. But possibly the biggest
threat to the survival of this ritual is the sharp decline
in churchgoers. Rituals such as these have the potential to influence peoples’ attitude towards nature andstrengthen people-plant relationships locally. A closer
look at -not only religious- seasonal feasts may guide
us in understanding how people in industrialized countries can develop a larger appreciation of their surrounding nature and the drive to conserve it.

P.0235 Showcasing
Cerrado’s representativeflora of Chapada dos
Veadeiros as an importantfactor to conservation andrestoration
Gabriel R. Vedovello1, Natashi L. Pilon1,
Rafael S. Oliveira1
1 Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology,
Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil.
Restoration efforts in the biodiverse Cerrado savanna
biome are crucial for ecosystem recovery. However,restoration projects in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, a key Cerrado area, often face challenges using
inappropriate species. This project tackles the issue
by creating a comprehensive Field Guide developed
through on-site floristic surveys in diverse Chapada
dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP) environments.
This guide, focusing on savannas, forests and grasslands, aims to enhance understanding of the region’s
biodiversity of flora. The Field Guide, encompassing
over 150 plant species, bridges the gap in knowledge
about the composition of flora in CVNP. Not only does itlist species, but it also provides easily understandable
descriptions and information on occurrence, endemism, and vulnerability. Surprisingly, 75% of the species
found have no vulnerability data, highlighting the needfor further studies as these species face potential local
extinction due to land conversion, biological invasion,and improper land management. More than a tool
for ongoing restoration initiatives, the guide enriches
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lectors. Simultaneously, it promotes botanical tourism
by introducing the local flora to the public. By increasing awareness of the Chapada’s natural wealth, theguide encourages individuals to become advocatesfor conservation, aiming to reduce plant blindness.
Furthermore, the project significantly contributes to theUnicamp Herbarium’s collection, providing valuable
insights into Cerrado plant diversity. The illustrated
Field Guide emerges not only as a support system forrestoration but as a catalyst for broader goals, fostering a deeper connection between the public and theunique ecosystems of the Chapada dos Veadeiros.

tanic Garden Limbe receives an average of 40,000
visitors per year who are giving guided tours during
which they have the privilege to learn about plants
and their importance. About 500 students in Botany
and Agriculture from Buea and Bamenda Universities do visit the Limbe Botanic Garden Living plantcollection and Herbarium yearly during their fieldstudy trip where they receive practical training onplant identification and Herbarium techniques. An
average of 15 university students received yearly foracademic internship and research for Msc and PhD
thesis in plant science.

P.0236 Contribution of theLimbe Botanic Garden to
the population awarenessraising on plant biodiversity
and students education

P.0237 Botanical online
courses and Citizen Science
increases the number ofamateur botanists in the
Netherlands

Serges V. Mtemching Djomo1, Eric W.
Fondzenyuy2, Christopher Forminyam3

Laurens Sparrius1, Stef van Walsum1

1 Limbe Botanic Garden, Limbe, Cameroon. 2 Limbe
Botanic Garden Education Unit, Limbe, Cameroon.
3 Wildflower Ecology Foundation, Limbe, Cameroon.
The Limbe Botanic Garden is one of the oldest andrichest in situ tropical biodiversity conservation sites
in Central Africa founded by German Horticulturists
as the Victoria Botanic Garden in 1892. The British
took over the management of the Garden in 1920
and established a living plant collection with diverse
endemic and exotic species. The living plant collection of the Garden, planted following a thematic
pattern is estimated at about 1,500 taxa of different
types, families and genus consisting approximately of 1,000 herbaceous and 500 woody plants madeup of timbers, non-timbers and ornamentals displayed on 48 hectares of land at the central townof Limbe. The Botanic Garden Herbarium with acronym “SCA” harbors 30,000 herbarium specimen andmore than 13,000 ecological specimens of over 32
types, 260 plant families, 700 genera, 1400 species ofwhich 46 are endemic to the Mount Cameroon area.
This Herbarium was established since the creationof the Garden and was enriched thanks to the collaboration with the Royal Botanic Garden Kew (UK),
where the duplicates of many plant specimens ofLimbe are duly conserved. This Herbarium works inclose collaboration with the National Herbarium andhas played a vital role during the various botanical
expeditions to study the flora of Cameroon. The Bo-

1 FLORON Plant Conservation, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
The domain of botany, particularly in the realms oftaxonomy and floristics, is increasingly relying on theexpertise of dedicated amateur botanists. The majority of these enthusiasts are self-taught self-taught experts. In The Netherlands, this group has remained relatively modest over the past three decades and has
aged significantly. Botanical courses set up throughout the country were simply not effective enough toprovide sufficient inflow of younger people. In 2021,
halfway the pandemic, FLORON launched an online
course to get more people interested in studying wild
flora. Comprising 14 weekly online sessions featuring
three instructional videos elucidating diverse topics
such as species identification within specific plantfamilies, plant ecology, floristics, and botanical uses
and knowledge, the course aimed to engage participants. Following completion, students were encouraged through newsletters to actively participate incitizen science projects or join local botanist groups.
Between 2021 and 2024, a noteworthy 2800 students
undertook the course. By tracking students in the involvement of botanical monitoring and citizen science
projects, we were able to estimate the percentage
who transitioned into active botanists in subsequent
years. Despite a relatively modest percentage (12%), the numerical influx of newly emerged botanists
proved sufficient to foster growth and rejuvenation
within the Dutch botanical community.

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S.025. BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND EVOLUTIONARYPATTERNS AND PROCESSES OF THE TROPICALTEMPERATE BIOME TRANSITION
P.0238 A global blueberry
phylogeny: evolution
and classification of tribe
Vaccinieae (Ericaceae)
Anna L. Becker1,2, Andrew A. Crowla1,3,
James L. Luteyn4,5, Andre S. Chanderbali1,
Walter S. Judd1, Paul S. Manos3,4, Pamela S.
Soltis1, Doug E. Soltis1,2, Stephen A. Smith6,
Deise J. P. Goncalves6, Christopher W.
Dick6,7, William N. Weaver6, Nico Cellinese1,
Peter W. Fritsch8
1 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 2 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 3 Department of Biology,
Duke University, Durham, USA. 4 Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, USA. 5
Present address: 32075 East Side Drive, Beaver Island,USA. 6 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. 7 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama. 8 Botanical Research Institute ofTexas, Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Fort Worth, USA.
Vaccinieae is a morphologically diverse and species-rich tribe in the Ericaceae. Although the majority of its diversity is tropical, Vaccinieae is best
known for temperate crops (i.e., blueberries, cranberries, huckleberries) of the genus Vaccinium.
Vaccinium itself has been previously suggested tobe highly polyphyletic, and taxonomic boundaries
of most other genera remain uncertain. To better
understand the extent of polyphyly of Vaccinium
in the context of closely related genera, and gain
insights into the evolutionary history of Vaccinieae as a whole, we assembled an Angiosperms353
nuclear dataset of over 200 taxa representing
30 of the 34 genera in the tribe and 25 of the 30
sections of Vaccinium. We additionally constructed a plastome dataset for a subset of these taxa.
We conducted phylogenetic and time-calibrated
biogeographic analyses to address the following
questions: 1–What are the phylogenetic patterns
within Vaccinieae? 2–How do the clades compare with current generic and sectional? 3–Where

and when did major dispersal and diversification
events take place? Clades recovered generallyalign with geography, not current classification.
Biogeographic reconstruction suggests that tropical diversity of Vaccinieae results from multiple independent movements into tropical habitats fromtemperate ancestral areas, mostly North American. Dispersal events were found to align withmajor geographic changes such as the uplift of
the Andes, and some of these events coincide withincreased diversification rate. The pseudo-10-locular ovary, which appears to have evolved from a
5-locular ovary a single time, was found to groupmany sections of Vaccinium into a single clade.
Options for reclassification range from the recognition of a single species of Vaccinium and many
more genera, to the recognition of the single genus Vaccinium with many more sections. We
consider an infratribal reclassification premature
pending more taxonomic and phylogenetic studyof the many problematic generic and sectionalboundaries needing resolution.

P.0239 Areas of endemism
and conservation
implications of the Mexican
carnivorous plants ofthe genus Pinguicula(Lentibulariaceae)
Claudia Reaño Jiménez1*, Raúl E. Alcalá1,
Tania Escalante2
1 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado deMorelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 2 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Ciudad de México, Mexico.
The study of endemism patterns is crucial for understanding biodiversity and proposing conservation actions. Carnivorous plants of the genus Pinguicula L. (Lentibulariaceae) have the main centerof diversification in Mexico, where 90% of the spe-134

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cies are endemic and have restricted distribution.
The loss of this group would represent the extinction not only of some species but of unique adaptation modes to nutrient scarcity. This study evaluates for the first time the identification of areas ofendemism for this gender in Mexico, a necessary
precursor to the implementation of conservation
strategies and actions. Pinguicula´s evolutionary
history allows us to hypothesize the existence ofcongruence in the geographical distribution of
species present in mountainous areas such as the
Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr) or the Faja Volcánica Transmexicana (FVT). Employing climate andtopographic variables from ENVIREM, potential
geographical distribution models were generatedusing the kuenm tool in R, quantifying the distribution of 51 species. The identification of the areasof endemism was carried out using an Endemicity Analysis (AE). We identified two areas of endemism. The first includes the southern region of the
SMOr and part of the FVT, but also small portionsof Desierto Chihuahuense (DeCh) and Veracruzana (Vzna). The second comprises the north of the
SMOr, and areas of the provinces DeCh, Tamaulipas (Tpas), and Vzna. Most of the Mexican species exhibit a highly restricted distribution ranging
from one to some unique localities. Extinction risk
was statistically higher in species with restricted
geographic distribution areas, and those that are
distributed at high altitudes (around 1700 m). Although the highly restricted and allopatric distribution of most species made it complicated tofind patterns in geographical distributions, the results of this study provide key elements to take into
account to establish priority areas for the conservation of Pinguicula.

P.0240 Spigelia(Loganiaceae) withmariachi and samba.
Distribution and diversity of
the genus in the Americas

Spigelia L. is a genus from the Loganiaceae family, endemic to the American continent with anestimated 65 to 80 species distributed from thesoutheastern United States to northern Argentina,
with no records in Canada and Chile. There areseveral regional works that address the diversityof the group by country, but little has been studied about its distribution and there is no work that
integrates the number of Spigelia species on thecontinent and in each country. Our work aims toprovide a general overview of the diversity anddistribution that the genus presents in America. In
order to know the number of total species accepted and by country as well as the areas of greatest diversity in each region, a bibliographic review,herbaria and virtual databases was carried out. A
map was generated to know the distribution of diversity and endemism, as well as their ecologicalaffinities. The total number of accepted species is
81, recorded in 34 countries in America, with Brazil(47 spp.) and Mexico (23 spp.) being the countries
with the most taxa. Regarding endemism, it was
found that only seven countries have endemic species, highlighting Brazil and Mexico with 33
and 14 species. The greatest diversity of the groupis concentrated in two opposite extremes: in thenorth (southeast of Mexico) on the Pacific side andin the south (southwest of Brazil) on the Atlantic,
both areas share similar environmental and vegetation conditions that could play an equivalentrole in the group speciation. Likewise, the tropicaland subtropical affinity reported in previous works
for the genus is highlighted. This approach allows
establishing an updated number of Spigelia anda better idea of its chorology. Biogeographic andphylogenetic studies could provide better ideas
about the causes of the current distribution anddiversity of the group.

P.0241 Exchanging vanilla
genetics resources between
Mexico and Cuba
Edgar López Herrerea1, Miguel Esquivel2

Carla Sofía Islas-Hernández , Leonardo
Osvaldo Alvarado-Cárdenas1, Daniela
Quintos Baez1
1

1 Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México. 2 Centro Nacional de Animales de Laboratorio,
Havana, Cuba

1 Departamento de Biología Comparada, Laboratorio de Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudadde México, Mexico.

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andr.), is a native species
from the Totonac region of the current Mexican
states of Puebla and Veracruz, where this orchid
evolved along with its natural pollinators. The afore
mentioned is a more sophisticated species in terms

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has been recorded, it was the Spaniards, once they
made incursions into continental America, who on
their return trips to the kingdom of Castile at their
obligatory stopover on the largest island of the Antilles, that is, Cuba, could have dispersed it, without
prejudice to the fact that native species of these orchids already existed in Cuba. According to current
records, where a little more than 10 species are documented and in this the Baron Alexander von Humboldt also contributed decisively three centuries
later in his expeditions throughout America and theworld. Efforts were made in the past to promote thecultivation of vanilla in Cuba without success, even
100 years ago, surely the flowering of sugar caneand tobacco occupied the agricultural spectrum
and this crop went unnoticed due to its complexity.
A preliminary review of how Mexico and Cuba have
had encounters in the past and currently around thecultivation of vanilla is carried out.

P.0242 Middle Asian
mountains as the cradle ofEurasian steppe flora—why
here?
Gábor Sramkó1,2
1 Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. 2 HUN-REN–UD Conservation Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.
The Eurasian Steppe biome is one of the largest biomes in Eurasia stretching from Central-Eastern Eu-

rope through Middle to Central Asia. It can be characterised by a specialised steppe flora that has adapted
to low precipitation and extreme temperatures spanning winter cold to summer heat. If we examine thephylogenetic relationships of characteristic generaof this steppe flora two noticeable shared patterns
emerge: (i) the basal species often lives in Middle
Asian mountains (i.e., Pamir-Alay, Tian Shan, Altai) usually above the treeline and close sister lineages also
live either in high mountain or tundra environment; (ii)widely distributed steppe species, found throughout
the Eurasian steppe zone, usually form crown groups
and their sister species also live in Middle Asian mountains. The genera Adonis and Pulsatilla are excellent
examples of this pattern, which can be seen in several
other genera published in the literature (e.g., Atraphaxis, Lagochilus, Calophaca, Caragana, Dontostemon).
Moreover, a similar biogeographic pattern manifests
in steppe animal genera (e.g., Sicista, Vipera). Given
the apparent universality of these patterns, we may
suspect a major environmental (i.e., geo-climatological) driving force behind them. The timing of separation of the basal species in these genera dates backto around 12–8 million years ago (mya) when global
cooling and large-scale aridification started in Eurasia,
and the first grasslands started to spread from Central
Asia (i.e., today Mongolia). We believe the basal species are the relicts of these first grasslands that wereforced up to their current habitats which might be relict
habitats resembling these early grasslands. As for thesecond group of species, these are usually relatively
recent isolations and might relate to the pre-adaptive
arid environment Middle Asian mountains provided at
the end of the Pliocene for the current wave of grassland development from Central Asia.

S.026. BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORYAND ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF THE
ASIAAUSTRALASIA FLORISTIC EXCHANGE
P.0243 Phylogenetic
relationships and geographic
genetic structure of Cerasus
jamasakura var. chikusiensis
Yoshinobu Fukushima1, Toshio Katsuki2,
Akiko Soejima3

1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. 2 Kyushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products ResearchInstitute, Kumamoto, Japan. 3 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Cerasus jamasakura (Rosaceae) is endemic toJapan and consists of two varieties. One of thevarieties, var. jamasakura, is widely distributed136

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on Honshu (Miyagi and Niigata prefectures andsouthwards) to Shikoku and Kyushu islands, while
another varieties, var. chikusiensis, is distributed
from southwestern Kyushu to the Tokara islands.
They are distinguished by morphological characteristics such as the color of young leaves, serrations on sepals, and width of bracts of flower.
A previous study based on nuclear SSR analysis
did not find clear genetic differentiation between
the two varieties. In this study, SNP analysis using MIG-seq (Multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing) was conducted to elucidate the genetic differentiation between var. jamasakura
and var. chikusiensis, and the phylogenetic relationship between them. In the phylogenetic trees,
individuals from southwestern Kyushu and Satsunan Islands formed a clade (BS=96), and withinthat clade, individuals from the Satsunan Islands
formed a subclade (BS=91). The subclade consisting of individuals from the Satsunan Islands is
considered to be var. chikusiensis. On the other
hand, genetic structure analysis showed two genetically differentiated groups in C. jamasakuras.l. One includes the individuals from the islands,
and the another include the individuals from themainland Kyusyu and Honsyu. It suggests that
var. chikusiensis is derived from var. jamasakura.
However, individuals from southwestern Kyusyu
possessed mixed genetic structure of the twogroups. Because the individuals located in theboundary between the two groups, it is likely thatgenetic exchange occurs between var. jamasakura and var. chikusiensis.

P.0244 An attempt tocompare the vegetation
map of Mt. Hakkoda madein the 1930s with the existing
vegetation map

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute,
Forest Research and Management Organization,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. 4 Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan. 5 Departmentof Wildlife Management, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
A set of vegetation survey data from the early
1930s in the Towada-Hakkoda region of Aomori Prefecture, northern Japan, was discovered ina warehouse of the Forestry and Forest Products
Research Institute. By digitizing these documents
and comparing them with the current situation,
the authors attempt to determine how the vegetation in the area has changed over the past 90
years, and what the characteristics and factors
has changed. In this presentation, the authors focus on the vegetation map and compare it withthe vegetation maps (1/50,000 and 1/25,000) of
the Ministry of Environment in GIS. The vegetation
maps were georeferenced and converted to polygon format for GIS analysis. As a result, the Abies
mariesii community decreased by about 50 % andwas replaced either by Fagus crenata communityand pseudo-alpine vegetation. The Fagus community increased by about 1.5 times and the Quercus crispula community decreased by about 60%.
In the valley near the village, in the vicinity of thecoppice forests and the forest roads, the Fagus,
Quercus and Betula communities have been replaced by Cryptomeria japonica plantations. The
factors that may have caused these vegetation
changes include vegetation succession due to thecessation of coppice forest use and afforestation
during the post-war afforestation expansion period.

P.0245 Taxonomy,
biogeography, and sectionalboundaries of the tropical
blueberries (Vaccinieae,
Ericaceae) of Malesia

Tetsuya Matsui1, Takuto Shitara2, Hiroko
Kurokawa3, Michio Oguro3, Takehiro
Sasaki4, Haruka Ohashi5, Kaoru Niiyama3,
Mitsue Shibata3

Maverick N. Tamayo1, Wendy A.
Mustaqim2, John D. Horner1, Matthew C.
Hale1, Peter W. Fritsch3

1 Center for Biodiversity and Climate Change, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest
Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki, Japan. 2 Tama Science Forest Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest
Research and Management Organization, Hachioji,
Tokyo, Japan. 3 Department of Forest Vegetation,

1 Department of Biology, College of Science andEngineering, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth,USA. 2 Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Indonesia. 3 BotanicalResearch Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, USA.

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The tribe Vaccinieae (Ericaceae) is a large group of
more than 1000 species mostly found in the tropics,
and a third of which are found in Malesia. Vaccinium
is the largest genus of Vaccinieae in Malesia, comprising ca. 250 species, more than half of which areendemic to the island of New Guinea. Malesian species of Vaccinium are mainly adapted to high-elevation zones, exposed mountain ridges and peaks,
montane mossy rain forests, nutrient poor habitats,and rarely littoral areas. They are often rare in thewild; hence, few studies on its taxonomy have been
conducted in Malesia. A revision was included in theaccount for Ericaceae in the Flora Malesiana. However, limited specimen availability and utilization of
ambiguous and poorly defined morphological characters hindered resolution of many species complexes. Moreover, sectional boundaries of Malesian
Vaccinium are poorly defined, and the morphological characters overlap with those of other sections,thus limiting their utility. Furthermore, a comprehensive phylogeny for the Malesian Vaccinium is lacking.
A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Ericaceae reveals that Vaccinium is non-monophyletic, with thegenera Agapetesand Rigiolepis nested within it. We
present recent findings from field and herbarium
work helping to clarify the systematics and evolutionof Malesian Vaccinieae. A taxonomic revision of Philippine Vaccinium has resulted in the discovery of 11
new species, three new island records, rediscoveries,
and clarification of species complexes. In Indonesia,
we have discovered a new species and a variety ofVaccinium, including three new species of Rigiolepis.
We provide assessment of the morphological basis
for the sectional boundaries of Malesian Vaccinium
in the context of ongoing molecular analysis. The biogeography, distribution, and morphological distinctions among Agapetes, Rigiolepis, and Vaccinium will
be discussed.

emy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 3 China National Botanical Garden, Beijing. China 4 National Forestry andGrassland Administration, No. 18, Hepingli Dongjie,
Beijing, China. 5 Key Laboratory of National Forestry
and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The Orchid Conservation and Research Centre of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
National key protected wild plants (NKPWPs) areconsidered flagship species for plant diversity conservation in China. Using data for 1,101 species, wecharacterized NKPWPs distribution patterns in China
and assessed conservation effectiveness and conservation gaps. In total, 4,880 grid cells at a 20 × 20
km resolution were filled with occurrence records for
NKPWPs. We identified 444 hotspot grid cells and 27
diversity hotspot regions, containing 92.37% of NKPWPs. However, 43.24% of these hotspot grid cells
were fully or partially covered by national nature reserves (NNRs), where 70.21% of species were distributed. Approximately 61.49% of the NKPWPs species
were protected by NNRs, but the populations or habitats of 963 species were partially or fully outside of
NNRs. With global warming, the overall change in theextent of suitable habitats for NKPWPs is expected tobe smaller, however, habitat quality in some areas
with a high habitat suitability index will decrease.

P.0246 Geographicaldistribution andconservation strategy ofnational key protected wild
plants of China
Chao Ye 1,2,3, Huiyuan Liu 1,3, Haining Qin 1,3,
Jiangping Shu 4 5, Zhihua Zhou 4, Xiaohua
Jin1,3
1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China. 2 University of Chinese Acad-

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S.027. BIOGEOGRAPHY AND DIVERSIFICATIONOF INTERCONTINENTAL TROPICAL PLANT
DIVERSITY.
P.0247 The evolutionary
significance of plantarchitecture: adapting
the structure to overcome
environmental constraints

P.0248 Drift in the tropics:
Phylogenetics andbiogeographical patterns in
Combretaceae
Olivier Maurin1, Artémis Anest2,3,4, Félix
Forest1, Ian Turner5,6, Russell L. Barrett7,
Robyn C. Cowan1, Lijia Wang8, Kyle
W. Tomlinson2,9, Tristan CharlesDominique4,10

Artémis Anest1
1 AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD,
Montpellier, France.
Environmental factors vary across biomes worldwide, shaping different vegetation types. In response to the varied effects of these factors, plants
have evolved contrasted architectures adapted tothe most constraining factors for growth and survival. While the influence of plant structure on ecological performance is recognised, its role in plant
evolution remains relatively unexplored. Plant architecture, an integrative approach to describing
plant structure, contains valuable information forunderstanding the evolution of plant forms shapedby main environmental factors over time. My research aims to enhance our understanding of therelationship between plant form and environmental factors throughout the plant evolutionary history
by investigating the evolution of plant architecture
under diverse climatic constraints and disturbances. Here, I will present a framework that categorises
plant traits into distinct evolutionary groups. These
groups include: 1) developmental constraints, comprising traits that are useful for taxonomy; 2) convergences, focusing on traits related to ecology;
and 3) key confluences, which involve traits that are
valuable for studying evolutionary ecology. Using
this framework through two examples, I will illustrate
how plants have developed contrasted architectures in response to different environmental constraints: Climatic constraints, particularly drought
and frost, have selected for specific morphologies
in the large genus Euphorbia. Conversely, in stable
tropical climates, the ecologically dominant family
Combretaceae exemplifies how specific structural
traits have evolved to defend against large mammal herbivores.

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Center for Integrative Conservation, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests andAsian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, China. 3 University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 4 AMAP, Univ
Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 5 Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore. 6 Singapore Botanical Liaison Officer, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 7 National
Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Botanic
Garden, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia. 8 University of Michigan School of Public Health,Ann Arbor, USA. 9 Center of Conservation Biology,
Core Botanical Gardens, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan,
China. 10 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Certain plant clades are distributed across every
continent, occupying various contrasting biomes.
Within these globally distributed clades, the ecologically dominant Combretaceae family showsintercontinental disjunctions. Fruit morphology in
Combretaceae suggests various seed dispersal
modes, potentially explaining the observed geographical patterns. To enhance our understandingof the mechanisms that have facilitated such distribution, this study explores the dispersal strategiesof the Combretaceae family, the acquisition of newmodes throughout their evolutionary history, andtheir impact on present and past plant biogeography. The study integrates data on natural distribution, biomes, and dispersal types into comparative
phylogenetic analyses.Estimates of the ancestral
distribution of Combretaceae suggest a Gondwa-139

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nan origin for this family, with minimal transitions
between different biomes. Our findings indicate thatdrift fruits, dispersing seeds by water, played a critical role in colonising new continental lands. Conversely, biome shifts appear unaffected by dispersal
strategies. The study highlights a dispersal mode
paradox, wherein specialised modes of seed dispersal can facilitate intercontinental dispersal but limit
colonisation of new biomes and strengthen biome
conservatism. Our study emphasises the implications for species preservation in changing environments and the importance of understanding the relationship between plant distribution and dispersal
modes for effective conservation efforts.

P.0249 Development of KASP
markers for identificationof Pueraria candollei var.
mirifica
Sun Hee Lee1, Boreum Park1, Hyung-il Kim1,
Kyung-Hun Son1
1 Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute ofFood and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Foodand Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea.
Pueraria candollei var. mirifica has been used in Thailand conventional medicine for rejuvenation. P. mirifica
products are growing worldwide for breast enlargement, menopausal symptoms and functional foods
for woman. It is important to use pure phytoestrogenherbs to derive the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine. However, the identification of these herbs by
conventional taxonomic methods is difficult. Recently,
many studies have applied these DNA barcoding forthe identification of herbal medicinal species using
standard DNA markers. In this study, we developed
three KASP markers to determine whether P. mirifica
contain in the P. mirifica products. KASP genotyping
assays are based on the reading of the terminal fluorescence signal, and genotypes can be identified byuniversal fluorescence primer amplification. To develop KASP-SNP markers, we selected three SNPs specificto P. mirifica on ITS2 and psbA-trnH intergenic space
region. In the result, the targeted plants and products
were clustered into FAM-positive section, non-targeted plants were clustered either HEX-positive or negative section. Analysis using three KASP markers oneight foods advertising the effect of enlarging thebreast confirmed that six products showed FAM fluorescence and contained P. mirifica. Therefore, we havedeveloped KASP assay that allow rapid and easy P.

mirifica identification using three KASP markers. And it
was possible to confirm the content of P. mirifica in thefood, and it will be possible to manage the illegal distribution of prohibited food materials.

P.0250 Taxonomic diversity,
phylogeny, and ecologicalevolution of neotropicalPrunus (Rosaceae)
Jorge Andrés Pérez Zabala1
1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, sede Medellín. Medellín, Colombia.
Prunus L., is a well-known genus including several economic important fruit crops (e.g. cherries), that extends
across a wide ecological spectrum with many species
tolerant to seasonality of water availability (by dryness
or freeze) or adapted to extreme conditions as deserts
or high elevation mountains.The occurrence and diversity of Prunus outside of North America and Eurasia
is generally underestimated and the Neotropics is theregion with the most outdated taxonomic knowledge(Koehne, 1915) and less represented in phylogenetic
studies. In this work, the diversity of Neotropical Prunus
was extensively revised, molecular phylogenetic analyses with improved sampling of tropical members were
performed and ecological (climate niche) evolution
examined. The study of around 5000 collections of the
Neotropics resulted in the recognition of 257 evergreen
racemose taxa (238 species), 97 of which were accepted from legitimate published basionyms and 160 (including 14 infraspecific taxa) were identified as novelties.
Consequently, the once considered typical temperatetaxon, now accounts its highest diversity in the tropics
and particularly in the New World side. Phylogenetic
Bayesian analysis of the genus (126 species including
41 neotropical) suggests its splitting in two main clades
similarly to previous studies: one with mostly deciduous
species with solitary flower, corymbs, or racemes, andsome evergreen racemose but pubescent; and theother with evergreen species, glabrous and racemose(and mostly tropical). Neotropical species were recovered as polyphyletic with two small groups in the first
deciduous main clade and most of them into a single
clade within the evergreen racemose main clade. Ecological evolution of hydraulic niche (in terms of aridity
index) was significantly correlated with the phylogeny
and main monophyletic groups have an identifiable
range of hydraulic tolerance. Finally, some of the current geographic wide spread of the genus seems to befavored by retention of tolerance to water stress.

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P.0251 Diversity of terrestrial
Chlorophyta in the
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Campus, Karanggayam,
and Sawitsari Research
Stations

restrial green algae and its species diversity is challenging to find, especially in Indonesia. In Indonesia,
more research on the diversity of terrestrial Chlorophyta species still needs to be done. Therefore, thisresearch was conducted to determine the diversityof terrestrial Chlorophyta species in Indonesia, especially in the Universitas Gadjah Mada Campus Environment, Sawitsari, and Karanggayam Research Stations. This research was conducted in January-Julyfor sampling at several locations and data analysis.
At the time of sampling, measurements of the physicochemical parameters of the growth environment
were also carried out. The algae samples were analyzed under a microscope, and then their morphology was compared with several related books andjournals. Diversity and Evenness Index and Importance Values were calculated using Microsoft Excel
software and presented in tabular form. Twenty-one
species grouped into eleven families were reported
here and the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, wind velocity, and light intensity affect the growth and density of terrestrial algae.
However, each type of terrestrial algae has different
tolerances to these environmental factors.

Dita Rahmadani1, Faiq Iqbal Majid1, Juntria
Ramadhani Khasanah1, Nouva Yudha
Perdana Yasir1, Ludmilla Fitri Untari1
1 Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Faculty of Biologi,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Teknika Selatan Street,
Sinduadi, Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Algae can be found in various habitats, including terrestrial ones. Chlorophyta are algae often found as
the main constituents of terrestrial algae populations. Molecular data also explains that the diversityof terrestrial algae is much higher than the others.
However, several problems in the study of terrestrial
algae make research on terrestrial green algae challenging to carry out. As a result, data regarding ter-S.028. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY HIDDEN IN
EARLY TERRESTRIAL SITES OF EXCEPTIONALPRESERVATION
P.0252 The Late Holocene
subfossil forest in Altos de laMorcuera (Madrid, Spain)

pled: Raso de los Toros (the most extensive and richest
in remains), Peña Morcuera (peat bog), and Los Tres
Mojones. At these sites, samples of almost 60 woody
remains were recovered and identified, mainly trunksof different sizes and stumps in a living position. In total, nineteen samples from different types of remains
were radiocarbon-dated, yielding a range of ages
between 3960 and 2350 cal yr BP. The information obtained from the identification and dating of the remains
proves the local presence of an extensive natural pine
forest of Pinus gr. sylvestris in the area, being the firsttime that the Late Holocene presence of this taxon has
been confirmed in the Sierra de Guadarrama throughthe study of macrofossils. Indeed, the high spatial andtemporal concentration of trunks and stumps provided
an exceptional opportunity to obtain new data about
the environmental conditions occurring during the living period of these trees. Dendrochronological studies
were therefore carried out to complete the palaeoecological information of the area studied.

Mar Génova1, Jose Mª Postigo-Mijarra2,
Salvia García-Álvarez1, Ignacio GarcíaAmorena1
1 Department of Natural Resources and Systems,
Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2
Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
The discovery of a large number of macrofossils in the
Altos de La Morcuera (Madrid, Spain), located between
1660 and 1760 m a.s.l., represents to date one of the largest local assemblages of Holocene woody remains in
the Iberian Central System and the Iberian Peninsula
as a whole. In this area, three nearby sites were sam-141

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P.0253 Studies ofmacroremains in the Iberian
Central System

P.0254 Multidisciplinary
research of the cryptogamic
diversity in Chile’s
southernmost naturallaboratory

Mar Génova1, Jose Mª Postigo-Mijarra2,
Salvia García-Álvarez1, Ignacio GarcíaAmorena1, Carlos Morla1

Sánchez-Jardón L.1,2, Mackenzie R.1,2,3,
Oyarzún Contreras L.4, Zambrano S.1,2,
Ojeda Vásquez F.1, McCool M5, Lemas M.6

1 Department of Natural Resources and Systems,
Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2
Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution,
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The Iberian Central System presents high interest from the point of view of vegetation dynamics, being an area in which numerous palaeobotanical and archaeological studies have been
carried out. Palaeoecological studies based on
macroremains take on special relevance due totheir high degree of taphonomic autochthony,they can provide very precise information on the
taxa and plant communities at a regional andlocal scale. The potentiality of macroremains todetail the taxonomic range, besides establishinga more precise location of the different types ofvegetation, has allowed partially to resolve important doubts about the persistence, extension,and composition of some of the forests and otherplant communities that were distributed throughout the Central System during the Holocene. We
compile all the knowing studies with spatial andtemporal information that analyse the macroremains in this territory. We also present graphic
information and provide specific data on the location and characteristics of the macroremains
sites, from those located in the Serra da Estrela (the westernmost area of the Central System
range) to those located in the Sierra de Ayllón,
in the most northeastern area. In each site, wehave placed special emphasis on collecting andcontrasting taxonomic and chronological information. In this way, we try to help to understandthe characteristics and changes of the vegetation that have occurred during the Holocene,
outlined with the greatest possible chronologicalprecision, which has led to the current landscapeof the Central System range. We also try to help
in the process of identifying what issues are morecrucial to take the most appropriate measures
for the management of the territory.

1 Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
2 Cape Horn International Center, Puerto Williams,
Chile. 3 Millenium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic
and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems, Santiago, Chile. 4
Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. 5 Life
Sciences Building, University of Louisville. Louisville,
Kentucky, USA. 6 Tenencia Caleta 2 de mayo, Carabineros de Chile, Chile.
The Magallanes sub-Antarctic ecoregion has a uniquebiodiversity, with ecological singularities, among which
the cryptogamic diversity of its forests and peatlands
stands out. Sub-Antarctic bryophytes, lichens and fungi form a fundamental part of these terrestrial ecosystems, yet they are still poorly known. This affects theability to make decisions for the management andconservation of protected wild areas, which is highly relevant in a remote region like Magallanes, withmore than half of its territory under some category ofconservation. With the general objective of contributing to the knowledge of the diversity of sub-Antarctic bryophytes, lichens and fungi, a study will begin tostrengthen previous initiatives, such as the “Herbariumof Subantarctic Cryptogams” of the Cape Horn International Center in collaboration with researchers fromthe Universidad de Magallanes. So far, this herbarium
houses collections of macroalgae, bryophytes, lichensand fungi and allows maintaining scientific information about the biodiversity of these organisms in the
sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Chile, to support the generation of knowledge on biodiversity and the understanding of global climate change. To this end, field
exploration of the diversity of bryophytes, lichens andfungi will be carried out through systematic sampling
to record observations and biological collections. The
study is framed within the framework of the Cape Horn
International Center and will be developed in different locations, including Cape Horn National Park andYendegaia National Park from January 2024 to January 2025 and is supported by the National Forest Service (CONAF).

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S.030. BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE
BIODIVERSITY HERITAGE LIBRARY
P.0255 Notes on Indian
Purslane (Portulaca L.,
Portulacaceae)
Jagdish Dalavi1, Varsha Jadhav2*,
Shrirang R. Yadav2
1 Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune, India. 2 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.
Portulacaceae Juss. or Purslane family is monogeneric family with only genus Portulaca L. having 152 species worldwide. In India it is represented by 11 taxa (10 species and 1 variety) of which
two are endemic. Morphologically two species areopposite leaved i.e., Portulaca quadrifida L. and P.
wightiana, eight taxa are having linear, terete andwhorled leaves i.e. P. badamica, P. grandiflora, P.
lakshminarasimhaniana, P. pilosa, P. suffruticosa
and P. tuberosa and third group is having obovate to ovate flat leaves P. oleracea, P. oleracea
var. linearifolia and P. umbraticola. P. oleracea, P.
Pilosa and P. tuberosa are highly polymorphic in
India. Most of the species are annual and adapted
for the arid ecosystem, whereas P. oleracea andP. pilosa are growing as weed in open fields andfarms of variable environments. P. suffruticosa
and P. pilosa are perennial species due to presence of tuberous or fascicled roots, rarely P. wightiana also shows such type of roots. P. grandiflora and P. umbraticola are cultivated species andare rarely escaped in forest areas. Roots, Leaves,
Flower, Stigma and Seeds are the characters oftaxonomic importance to delimit the species. The
micromorphology of Portulaca seeds is also useful for taxonomic classification. The accounting ofIndian Portulaca species for their taxonomy, distribution, and phenology, as well as comprehension the relationships between the taxa throughmolecular taxonomy and seed micromorphology,
are the topics of this communication. The variety,variance, and relationships among Indian Purslane will be made clear by this work.

P.0257 Essential oils
composition of Calocedrus
decurrens (Torr.) Florin
according to its growthand development state in
Madrid (Spain)
Jesús Palá Paúl1, Diego Martín-Resco1,
Manuela Bravo-Castaño1, Rubén Abad
Calderón2,*
1 Dpto. Biodiversidad Ecología y Evolución, Facultadde Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutensede Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Quibey@bio.ucm.es 2
Dpto. de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Unidad Docente de Edafología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain, *rubabad@ucm.es.
Calocedrus decurrens (=Libocedrus decurrens Torr.),
also known as bastard cedar, California incense cedar, California post cedar, incense cedar, or white cedar, belongs to the Cupressaceae family that comprisetrees to 57 m, trunk to 3.6 m diameter, bark cinnamon
brown, fibrous, furrowed and ridged. It is native from
North America whose distribution is limited to the American mountain ranges, from northern Oregon to Baja
California. Although it is widely used as an ornamental
in parks and gardens in temperate zones around theworld, it is considered as an inventory of alien invasive species in Europe. The “Parque del Oeste” one of
the numerous parks of Madrid, present 32 plants of thisspecies. The height and diameter of each were measured and arranged into three categories: big, medium
and small. The young stems and leaves (<3mm) of two
samples of each one were gathered. All the samples
were air-dried before the oil extraction by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled withmass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil yield of the samples varied from 0.28% to 0.77%. It is worth nothing thata significant correlation was detected between the oilyield with the height and diameter of the plant studied(p=P.094 y p=P.038 respectively) at 95% confidence level. The essential oils analysed showed qualitative andquantitative differences between the samples studied. The monoterpene was the predominant fraction143

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Poster presentationsof the oil. The main compound was identified as delta-3-carene, limonene and alpha-pinene. According
to our results, the youngest plants (with low height anddiameter) seem to produce higher amount of essentialoil. This could be because they are metabolically more
active or because the oils play an important role as repellent or biocides compounds in this growth and development state.

P.0258 Interactions ofpeople and plants in
Dominican Republic
Omar P. Perdomo1
1 Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Ethnobotany as a discipline oriented to understandwhat people know about plants, how plants are part oftheir belief structures, use, management and the influ-

ence of plants in social and cultural life. In the Caribbean region it has received a remarkable development
in recent years. The objective of this research is to provide an overview of the historical use of ethnobotanyin the Dominican Republic from pre-Columbian times
to the modern emergence of ethnobotany as a fieldof research and to link the discipline with other disciplines such as anthropology, archaeology, ecology
and evolutionary biology. We have relied on a literature review, participant observation, interviews and information from years of field trips by the author. The
main species used as forest products, utensils, dyes
obtained from plants, genetic improvement, plants
used in food, endangered species, pharmacopoeia,
urban botany, and religiosity are identified. Ecologicalinformation is offered on important problems such as
human influence on the distribution and abundanceof flora in the country and the importance of plants forthe Dominican people is discussed in order to establish socioecological visions through transdisciplinary
approaches and analyze practical problems in thecontext of the associated insular environmental crisis.

S.031. BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENT
AND CONSERVATION IN MEDITERRANEAN
CLIMATE AREAS
P.0259 List of Bryophytes
located in Badajoz: newidentified taxes andmechanism for surviving
in Mediterranean
environments
Naomi Campos-Palacios1, Josefa López
Martínez1, Francisco J. Valtueña Sánchez1
1 Botany Area - Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Bryophytes were the first organisms to colonize theterrestrial environment, for this reason they developed mechanisms that favored their adaptation toland and as a result, they are now found in practically all existing terrestrial environments. Bryophytes
are divided into large groups; hornworts, liverworts
and mosses all sharing similarities in terms of life cy-cle, which is digenetic and gametophyte dominant.
The presence of these organisms in their niches isof the utmost importance, since their qualities allow
the growth of the rest of the flora and help maintain
optimum levels of humidity, among other functions.
The main aim of this work was to inventory the biodiversity of bryophytes in Badajoz, where only one
previous study by Benitez & Alvarez considering only
the urban center. Different areas urban center andthe peri-urban were sampled, and the individuals
collected were identified with its correspondence
identification card. As a result, the obtained list includes three taxa in Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Briófitos
Amenazados de España, and another two taxa wereidentified in Badajoz for the first time. The numberof species collected in the same area that the previous study was lower, probably due to changes ingreen areas and/or an increase in air pollution. All
genera found in the urban center presented similarities in terms of adaptative mechanisms for living
in anthropogenic environments and for surviving inMediterranean environments. Nevertheless, the lack144

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does not allow knowing if there has been alteration
over time in the bryophytes present in Badajoz consequence of the city development, therefore, further
study is required to complete the current investigation and adequately inventory the bryoflora.

P.0260 Effect of canopy
damage in Quercus ilex
due to the storm Juliette on
three epiphytic mosses

resistance to sudden environmental exposure due
to canopy damage in their phorophyte. Althoughthese mosses have shown a notorious survival capacity, further studies should be conducted to better assess the presented problem in other epiphytessuch as liverworts or lichens, and how epiphytic
communities will change after canopy damage.

P.0261 Study of thealtitudinal variation of thechlorophyll fluorescencein some common moss
species in central Iberian
Peninsula

Pere M. Mir-Rosselló1, Antoni J. Far1,
Marcello Dante Cerrato1, Lluís SalomVicens1, Carles Cardona1,2, Marc Carriquí1,
Maria José Clemente-Moreno1, Jaume
Flexas1, Llorenç Sáez3, Llorenç Gil1

Sofía Carmona Bellón1, Belén Estébanez
Pérez1, Patricia Haro González1

1 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain. 2 Centre
Forestal de les Illes Balears, Escorca, Spain. 3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Epiphytes depend on the microclimatic conditions
generated by their phorophytes (illumination, temperature, humidity, etc.). Climate change is expected to increase extreme climatic events in the Mediterranean Basin, such as drought, heat waves or
intense storms and hurricanes. Intense storms canphysically damage trees, affecting their canopy oreven killing them. This can affect epiphytes due totheir sudden exposure to harsher conditions. During
February 2023, the squall Juliette heavily affectedmany Quercus ilex forests in Mallorca. In this study,
we aimed to evaluate the effect of Q. ilex canopy
damage due to Juliette on three epiphytic mosses(Leucodon sciuroides, Leptodon smithii and Homalothecium sericeum). Treatments consisted in 1)
plants still covered from unaffected trees, 2) plants
previously uncovered from unaffected trees, and 3)
plants exposed after their phorophyte was affected(canopy damage) by Juliette. Light availability in all
three treatments was first characterized with a PAR
sensor. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), oxidative
stress biomarkers and mortality rates were monitored in each species during April and December
2023. Fv/Fm decreased in newly exposed plants of L.
sciuroides and H. sericeum, and did not significantly
change in L. smithii. Surprisingly, mortality rates remained relatively low in all three species, and remaining zero in many samples. Our results suggest
that, although being physiologically affected, thethree selected species showed a certain degree of

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Nowadays, our climate is changing rapidly, affecting to all ecosystem levels, boosting the study oforganism responses to these environmental factors. Mosses, especially vulnerable to these changes, have different mechanisms of adaptation to theenvironmental conditions and the studies of thesemechanisms are increasing. In this research, wedelve into the impacts of altitudinal gradient of themountain slope, as a proxy of variations in diverse
temperature, irradiation, and humidity on the healthstatus of mosses. We gathered samples of Hypnum
cupressiforme, Syntrichia ruralis, Grimmia pulvinata, and Homalothecium aureum at various altitudes along Sierra de Guadarrama. Our preliminary
investigation examined the effects of seasonality
and orientation on the photosynthetic efficiency ofthe mosses. The mosses’ condition was evaluatedthrough both macroscopic and microscopic analyses and by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescenceof fresh samples almost immediately, leaving themsome hours to acclimatize them to laboratory conditions, and dark-adapting them for at least 30 minutes before fluorometric measurements. We foundthe measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence as themost reliable method for studying the health statusof these mosses. This method revealed 1) the influence of different orientations, and 2) a clear effectof seasonality: even considering interspecific variations: in spring the status of the mosses is betterat higher altitudes, probably due to higher humidity. Irradiation emerged as a positive factor for themoss health, with temperature maintaining opti-

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mal conditions and avoiding extremes. However,during winter conditions, we observed a contrary
trend, possibly due to cryptobiosis triggered by low
temperatures. The use of chlorophyl fluorescenceproves to be a simple, economic, and reliable method to study the effects of different environmental
factors on mosses.

that the radon effects are localized to a very small
area next to the emission focus. We conducted direct irrigation experiments to assess the effects ofradiation on different local species. Nonetheless, we
did not observe any significant short-term effects,
indicating that radiation may induce chronic damage to bryophytes

P.0262 Effects of radon
radioactivity on bryophyte
communities: a casestudy of a natural spring in
Valdemorillo, Madrid.

P.0263 Functionallandscape genomics:
insights into moss heatstress adaptation andecological distribution

Belén Estébanez Pérez1, Sofía Carmona
Bellón1

Mahmoud Magdy1,2, Olaf Werner1, Rosa M.
Ros1

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

1 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology,
Murcia University, Murcia, Spain. 2 Department of
Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Exposure to radioactivity poses significant healthrisks, with radon, a radioactive decay product ofuranium naturally present in rocks and soils, serving
as the primary pathway for human exposure to ionizing radiation. There are few studies on the effectsof radon on wild species in their natural habitats, especially of bryophytes, despite their wide usage inbiomonitoring many different pollutants, as they often respond quickly and distinctly to environmental
changes. In Spain, there are several regions heavily
affected by radon, due to their richness in granite,
schists, and slate stone, often associated to radon
emissions. These regions include some areas in the
Sierra de Guadarrama, particularly Valdemorillo, amunicipality in the mid-slope zone of the mountain
range. One notable location there is Manantial delos Barrancos, a natural spring classified as mineral-medicinal water due to its exceptionally highradon content (3,000 Bq/m3). We have studied theeffects of these high radon emissions on the communities of bryophytes: coverage, species composition, development, and reproductive ability, basedon their distance to the spring and on-site radioactivity measurements. We have found that in thefirst 50 cm close to the source of the spring, withhighest levels of radioactivity, there are hardly any
bryophytes, and, when present, their level of development is suboptimal, since the majority of thespecimens are sterile or undersized. However, evenin close proximity to the affected area, the measured
radioactivity drops significantly, and the bryophyte
communities exhibit greater diversity, higher coverage, and appear healthy and normal, suggesting

Functional landscape genomics in plants investigates
the genetic basis of ecological adaptations by integrating high-throughput genomic data with environmental information. This interdisciplinary approachsheds light on how organisms respond and adapt todiverse habitats. Despite extensive studies in various
animal and plant species, in bryophytes, the functional
characterization of BTB/POZ transcriptional gene regulators during heat stress has remained unexplored.
This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide
analysis to characterize BTB/POZ genes in Funaria hygrometrica moss, a representative bryophyte. The research comprised two phases. In the first phase, drylab analyses were employed to assemble and identify
BTB/POZ genes de novo from DNAseq data. This analysis unveiled a repertoire of five BTB/POZ genes in
the F. hygrometrica genome and shed light on theirevolutionary relationships with BTB/POZ genes fromvarious plant lineages. Furthermore, examining genestructures, conserved motifs, and predicted protein
properties provided valuable insights into their molecular attributes. Subsequently, in phase two, the study
delved into the landscape distribution of F. hygrometrica populations in the Sierra Nevada Mountainsof Spain. RNAseq expression patterns and rnaSNPs of
the identified BTB/POZ genes were scrutinized in correlation with the population’s geographic distribution.
Notably, variable rnaSNPs exhibited a consistent presence among genotypes found in warmer zones, contrasting with those from colder ones. This integrative
approach enhances our understanding of the adap-

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tive molecular mechanisms in plants, particularly, theheat stress adaptation in bryophytes. Understanding
moss molecular adaptive mechanisms to climatechange and landscape distribution through the role of
BTB/POZ genes as a biomarker to heat stress, is crucial
for predicting moss distribution shifts and informing
conservation strategies amid ongoing environmental
changes. Notably, this study reports for the first time,
the characterization and functional regulation of the
BTB/POZ gene family expression under heat stress, atleast in bryophytes, and has never been associatedwith geographic distribution.

P.0264 Petalophyllum ralfsii
in the Balearic Islands: An
example of why we should
consider islands separately
for conservation purposesnear some kind of anthropogenic infrastructure (urban areas, roadsides, gardens, etc.) or crop. These
data suggest that P. ralfsii shows a certain degreeof ruderal behaviour in the Balearic Islands, where
it would be in optimal conditions. Overall, our data
support P. ralfsii being a mainly insular and coastal species, as reported in other regions in Europe.
This study also supports that 1) bryophytes on the
Balearic Islands are still understudied, 2) accuratechorological and ecological work is needed to correctly assess the conservation status of bryophytes,
and 3) conservation status for bryophyte species
requires distinct considerations between island andmainland environments.

P.0265 Characterization of
cryptogamic communitiesof the coastal dune systemsof the Balearic Islands

Pere M. Mir-Rosselló1, Iván CortésFernández1, Llorenç Sáez2, Marcello Dante
Cerrato1, Arnau Ribas-Serra1, Carles V.
Cardona1,3, Maria Roselló-Salvadó1, Toni J.
Far1, Lluís Salom-Vicens1, Llorenç Gil1

Pere M. Mir-Rosselló1, Iván CortésFernández1, Marcello Dante Cerrato1,
Carles Cardona1,2, Dessiré Sicilia1, Llorenç
Sáez3, Lluís Salom-Vicens1, Llorenç Gil1

1 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca,
Spain. 2 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3 Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears,
Escorca, Spain.
Petalophyllum ralfsii is a thalloid liverwort considered
to be declining throughout Europe, leading to its inclusion in numerous Red Lists. for which it is included
in many Red Lists. In mainland Spain, its occurrences
are limited to very few localities. Conversely, within
the Balearic Islands its presence is known from 19 localities, for which it is classified as a Nearly Threatened species. After three years of survey, we present
17 new localities in the Balearic Islands. We contrasted the chorological data with topographical, geological and soil use data to make an approach to
the ecology of the species. The currently known distribution of P. ralfsii extends to 26 % of the 10 km x 10
km UTM squares of the Islands. It shows preference
for flat, low soils near the coast, but some populations can be found in inner areas, kilometres awayfrom the coast. It mainly inhabits calcareous andsandy soils, yet it demonstrates adaptability acrossvarious other soil types. Regarding soil use, it shows
preference for open meadows, but can also befound in woodlands and coastal areas. A remarkable result is the fact that all the localities are in or

1 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.
2 Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Escorca,
Spain. 3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Plants in coastal dune systems are affected bymany abiotic factors, such as salt spray, wind andsoil mobility. As a result, dune vegetation develops
in bands parallel to the sea. Although being ecologically relevant in these ecosystems, cryptogams(bryophytes and lichens) have been poorly studiedin Mediterranean coastal dunes. In this study, we
aim to characterize the cryptogamic communitiesof the dune systems of the Balearic Islands and theecological factors determining them. Four dune systems were surveyed in Mallorca (2) and Menorca(2). In each location, at least three random plots pervegetation band were conducted; species richness
and coverage, soil conductivity, soil organic matter, distance to the sea and to the nearest pathway,
and the corresponding vegetation band were analysed. We catalogued 33 species of cryptogams (21bryophytes and 12 lichens), being the moss Tortellaflavovirens the most common species at all locations. Species richness and coverage increased with
distance to sea and decreased with soil conductivity. Bryophytes and lichens distributed zonally, similarly to tracheophytes, being acrocarpous mosses147

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the only ones inhabiting mobile dunes, followed bycrustose lichens. Pleurocarpous mosses, liverworts,
foliose and fruticulose lichens were exclusive ofvery stabilized dunes. A rare case of pleurocarpous
mosses in mobile dunes is reported in Menorca. Petalophyllum ralfsii, a Nearly Threatened liverwort, wasfound during the survey. Moreover, at least 6 moss
species are cited in dunes for the first time in the
Balearic Islands. Our data suggests that cryptogams
form an important part of dune ecosystems, where
their ecology resembles that from tracheophytes.
Moreover, dune systems may be key for cryptogam
conservation in the Mediterranean Basin. This experiment will be extended to 10 dune systems from thefour main Islands to complete our understanding of
cryptogam ecology in Mediterranean dunes.

pattern, collecting all bryophytes found submerged
and in the immediately emerged zone above the water line. We recorded 61 bryophyte species, of which 50
were mosses and 11 were liverworts. The most frequent
species were Apopellia endiviifolia, Didymodon tophaceus, Leptodictyum riparium, Hydrogonium bolleanum and Rhynchostegium riparoides. The objectivesof the study included: 1) to analyse species richness
by sites, river basins and river types; 2) to define environmental ranges of species; 3) to make a proposalof water quality indicator species; 4) to identify river
type-specific bryophyte communities for the 10 river types studied. Finally, we discuss the usefulness ofbryophytes as tools to evaluate the ecological statusof river ecosystems.

P.0267 Defining bryophyte
communities in the nationalreference network of
Spanish rivers

P.0266 Aquatic and semiaquatic bryophytes of
Spanish Mediterranean
streams: diversity,
environmental ranges anduse as bioindicators

Manuela Ramírez-Valle1, Andrés Mellado2,
Sara Calero2, David Martín2, AlfredoCorrochano2, Juan Alández3, Juan
Guerra4, María Jesús Cano4, Jose Luis
Moreno1

Manuela Ramírez-Valle1, Rosa M. Ros2,
Laura Monteagudo1, Joaquín Téllez1, Jose
Luis Moreno1

1 University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
2 Tragsatec, Madrid, Spain. 3 Ministerio para laTransición Ecológica y Reto Demográfico, Madrid,
Spain. 4 University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

1 University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
2 University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Aquatic and semiaquatic bryophytes are a group ofriver plants included in the broader group of macrophytes, which are a biological element to be monitored for the assessment of the ecological state ofstreams and rivers under the European Water Framework Directive. As a result of this use as biological indicators, extensive surveys of river macrophytes arebeing carried out in the last decades as a part of thecharacterisation of river macrophyte community. In
this study we gather bryophyte data (mosses and liverworts) from Spanish Mediterranean rivers obtained
during the years 2001-2013. The study area included
three geographic zones that covered 9 river basins:
south-central Spain (region of Castilla-La Mancha, including part of the Tajo, Júcar, Segura, Guadiana andGuadalquivir river basins); the whole Ebro River basin,
located in north-east Spain; and three smaller Catalonian river basins (Foix, Besòs and Llobregat), also
in north-east. A total of 221 sites were monitored, belonging to 10 national river types. One-hundred-meterstream reaches were waded in an upstream zigzag

The application of European Water Framework Directive (WFD), and more specifically the ecological statusassessment of rivers and streams, implies the needof define the reference communities that correspondtotally or near totally to undisturbed environmental conditions. The composition and abundance ofaquatic flora, and specifically macrophytes, is one of
the biological quality elements to be monitored for theclassification of ecological status of rivers. Since theyear 2019, macrophytes, which include aquatic andsemiaquatic bryophytes, are being monitored alongwith other quality elements to stablish the reference
conditions of Spanish rivers. A national network of sites
without significant anthropic pressures were defined
based on stressors’ thresholds. The reference river
network used in this study included a total of 306 sites
covering the whole Iberian Peninsula and 32 nationalriver types (previously defined based on geographical, geological, hydrological, and climatic variables).
The study period covered the years 2019 to 2022, with148

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a survey per year. Stream reaches of 100 meters long
were waded in an upstream zigzag pattern, collecting
all bryophytes found submerged and in the immediately emerged zone above the water line. A total of
262 bryophyte species were recorded, of which 203
were mosses, 58 liverworts and 1 hornwort. The mostfrequent species recorded in more than 45% of thesites were: Rhynchostegium riparoides, Apopellia endiviifolia and Fissidens crassipes. The main objective
was to define river type-specific bryophyte communities under reference conditions. Multivariate analyses
were performed to test significant differences in community structure between river types and to define indicator species for them. Multivariate classification ofriver types based on bryophyte communities showed
no correspondence with present river typology, suggesting the merging of some river types. Finally, we
discuss some aspects about the use of bryophytes as
bioindicators to evaluate the ecological quality of river
ecosystems.

P.0268 Orthotrichum
camanchacanum, a new
species of epiphytic mossfrom Chile

P.0269 From streams tolakes: gradient of aquaticvegetation in karstic
environment (Plitvice Lakes
National Park, Croatia, SE
Europe)Anja Rimac1, Vedran Šegota1, Marija
Bučar1, Antun Alegro1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia.

Vítězslav Plášek , Jakub Sawicki , Felipe
Osorio4,5,6, Monika Szczecińska3, HanaRežnarová1
1,2

linear-lanceolate stem leaves with a long hyaline aristae in apex, conspicuously differentiated perichaetial leaves, and a densely hairy vaginula. The territory
where the new species was collected possesses distinctive geographical and climatic conditions. On the
coast, especially in the coastal mountains, it is affected by the amount of clouds and coastal fog generated in the ocean, known as camanchaca. The moss O.
camanchacanum exhibits morphological charactersthat distinguish it from related species. It seems to beendemic to this region of Chile.

3

1 Department of Biology and Ecology, University ofOstrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. 2 Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland. 3 Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of
Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. 4 Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Conservación,
Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias
Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Valdivia, Chile. 5
Museo de la Exploración Rudolph Amandus Philippi,
Isla Teja Campus de Los Museos, Valdivia, Chile. 6
Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Ecología del Dosel,
Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Valdivia, Chile.
During a bryofloristic survey in the Coquimbo region(Chile) in 2021, a remarkable epiphytic moss from thegenus Orthotrichum was collected. The moss grew
epiphytically on the bark of shrubs within vegetation
predominantly composed of shrubs such as Adesmia
argyrophylla and Echinopsis chiloensis subsp. chiloensis. Upon closer examination it was proved to represent
a species new to science. Orthotrichum camanchacanum is primarily distinguished by its emergent capsule with cryptoporous stomata, a double peristome,

The main phenomenon of the Plitvice Lakes National Park is a series of 16 barrage lakes created by thegrowth of tufa barriers. However, of equal importanceare streams that provide the lakes with a constant water supply. From 2021 to 2023 the aquatic vegetation of
eleven watercourses was studied. In total 96 river sections were surveyed using standard Central European
phytocoenological methodology. Furthermore, basic
physio-chemical water parameters were measured
and information on water velocity, substrate type andcanopy cover was collected. The dominant vegetationof the upper and middle reaches was species-richbryophyte vegetation of the class Platyhypnidio-Fontinalietea antipyreticae Philippi 1956, associated withlarger substrates, faster flow and canopy cover. By
contrast, the bryophyte vegetation of Cratoneurion
commutati Koch 1928 alliance was developed on tufa
waterfalls in turbulent water and low canopy cover. In
the lower reaches of the investigated rivers the herb
vegetation with rare NATURA 2000 species Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag. occurred. The NATURA 2000 habitat
type 3260 – watercourses with Ranunculion fluitantis i
Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation occurred mainly on
finer sediment, in deeper water with higher pH, alkalinity and electrical conductivity. Finally, several river lagoons and slow-flowing sections were characterized149

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by stoneworts vegetation belonging to the class Charetea fragilis F. Fukarek ex Krausch 1964.

P.0270 The Cryptogams of
the Balearic Islands dataset:the first extensive survey ofcryptogamic biodiversity inthe archipelago
Lluís Salom-Vicens1, Pere M. Mir-Rosselló1,
Marcello Dante Cerrato1, Laura LópezVich1, Llorenç Sáez4, Arnau Ribas-Serra1,
Antoni Josep Far1, Maria Roselló-Salvadó1,
Dessiré Sicilia1,3, Iván Cortés-Fernández1,
Carles Cardona1,3, Llorenç Gil1
1 Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of
Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma,
Spain. 2 Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Institut Balear de la Natura, Palma, Spain. 3 ResearchGroup On Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de lesIlles Balears-Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute, Palma, Spain. 4 Systematics andEvolution of Vascular Plants (UAB)-Associated Unit
to CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain.
Cryptogams refer to a broad group plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds. Complex taxonomy
and, generally, small size are descriptive traits of thisheterogenous group (formed by various kingdoms),

rendering their identification as difficult, and thus limiting the knowledge on their distribution and ecology.
The Balearic Islands is an archipelago located in thewestern Mediterranean where cryptogams have been
partially studied with scattered information and uneven knowledge on the taxonomical composition or
distribution of this organisms. While some groups (fungi and ferns and allies) are well documented, there isa lack or uneven assessment for distributional data inalgae, lichens, and bryophytes. Taxonomical revision
add complexity to this matter proving the ongoingneed for updated information and highlights the necessity to form a solid basis of knowledge for future
cryptogamic studies in the Balearic Islands. Here, we
present the Cryptogams of the Balearic Islands (CBI)GBIF dataset. This dataset is the result of the extensive
survey conducted by a work team on all the cryptogamic groups throughout the archipelago. The CBIdataset is an ongoing project aiming to unify distributional data by conducting field trips to poorly sampled or with a lack of records on cryptogams areas.
The CBI dataset currently contains more than 1200 records, mainly obtained between 2021 and 2023, andis expected to reach 2000 observations during 2024.
Most of the observations are bryophytes (50,65%) andalgae (31,70%) result of the work of PMMR (PhD student)
and LSV (undergraduate student). Moreover, datafrom studies regarding bryophyte, lichen and algae
ecology are being incorporated to the CBI on an effort to unify knowledge on cryptogamic species. The
CBI dataset is expected to become the basis for manystudies on Balearic cryptogams in the near future.

S.032. CAREX: THE EVOLUTION OF A
MEGADIVERSE GENUS TACKLED FROMMULTIPLE APPROACHES
P.0271 Two-dimensional
morpho-geometricvariability of the utricles in
the Neotropical Carex sect.
Fecundae (Cyperaceae)
Angie Paola Mosquera1, Raúl Lois1, Ana
Morales Alonso2, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías3,
Carmen Acedo1

1 Dpt. Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental. Universidad de León. León, Spain. 2 Dpt. Biología y Geología,
Física y Química Inorgánica. Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, Madrid, Spain. 3 Dpt. Biología Molecular yIngeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo Olavide,
Sevilla, Spain.
Within the Monocots, the genus Carex L. is one of thebiggest genera, composed of more than 2000 species.
Being such a large group it shows taxonomic difficulties. This research focuses on samples belonging to
31 Carex species from the section Fecundae Kük. Thissection is the only one in the genera completely restricted to the Neotropics. The materials collected from150

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Central Mexico to northern Argentina represented thecomplete geographical range in the section. The lackof studies, the presence of untyped names, and theabsence of sufficient material for some taxa expose
some taxonomic problems that can be addressed using morphometric geometry. To carry out this study, thetwo-dimensional morpho-geometry of 31 species wasanalyzed. The protocol for obtaining data begins withtaking photographs of the utricles using a zoomed-instereo microscope with the Toup View software. We
used nine morpho-geometric points (landmarks) ineach utricle that serve to define their shape. The photographs are then treated with the TPSdig2 programand subsequently analyzed with the MorphoJ software
to statistically compare the resulting shapes. This study
is useful as it facilitates obtaining new taxonomic information on the geometry of the utricles, which is oneof the most useful taxonomic characters in the section, as well as distinguishing between closely related
species of the Carex sect. Fecundae. With these shapepatterns, it is easier to define precisely the differences in utricles’ general shape (elliptical, ovate, obovate,
suborbicular), the beak (truncate, bidentate, bifid), andalso their respective sizes.

specific study of Carex flora in Kosovo has been conducted so far. In the first year, from May to August 2023,
field work was carried out. This work was complemented by a thorough review of herbarium specimens deposited in the herbarium of the University of Pristina.
The results of our first year’s fieldwork in conjunction
with the review of Carex herbarium specimens available in the herbarium have led to a verified inventoryof 61 Carex taxa for Kosovo (including 42 species, 15
subspecies and 4 varieties). These results are of particular importance for the flora of Kosovo and the wider Balkan region. In particular, we have come acrossnumerous cases where the presence of certain Carex
taxa in Kosovo, such as Carex pilulifera L., was previously uncertain but has now been confirmed. Considering that more extensive research expeditions areplanned for 2024, we expect the data on the genus tobecome even more comprehensive, with a particularfocus on hybrid taxa.

P.0273 Development of a
web-based interactive
identification system for the
Korean Carex, the largest
genus in Northeast Asia

P.0272 An updated inventoryof Carex (Cyperaceae) in
KosovoMinkyung Jung1, Yanghoon Cho2, Sangtae
Kim1

Naim Berisha1, Bujar Kadriaj1, Elez Krasniqi1,
Renata Custerevska2, Fadil Millaku1

1 Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Rep. of Korea. 2 Uri Plant Research Institute, Gwangju, Rep. of
Korea.

1 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo. 2 Facultyof Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Ss Cyril andMethodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia.

Carex L. (Cyperaceae) is the largest genus in Northeast
Asia, with approximately 220 taxa reported in Korea.
Species of this genus display remarkable adaptability, thriving in diverse habitats ranging from wetlands
to arid zones. They play crucial roles in ecosystems,
contributing to soil stabilization, providing habitats
and sustenance for wildlife, and serving as resourcesin medicine and gardening. The species of Carex arechallenging to identify due to the high degree of morphological similarity between the taxa and the inconspicuous structures of the flowers. Therefore, accurate
identification requires a combination of characters,
including those observed with a loupe. However, traditional dichotomous keys, which sequentially selectdiagnostic character states, cannot be used for identification if the characters described in the key are
not observed. Such difficulties in identification haveconstrained the utilization of Carex. Instead of traditional keys, an interactive identification method is now

The Balkan Peninsula, one of the three major peninsulas extending into the Mediterranean Sea in southern
Europe, has a remarkable diversity of plant species
and endemism compared to the broader Europe. Similar to other Balkan countries, Kosovo has the impact ofdifferent floristic regions and is therefore known for its
great plant diversity. Moreover, it has acted as a climatic refuge for plants during historical climatic fluctuations and thus deserves a high priority for conservation. Carex L. is a vast and extremely diverse genus
with a worldwide distribution. With around 2,000 species, it is one of the three largest genera of flowering
plants in the world. One of the least researched plant
genera in Kosovo is Carex, despite its importance. Although species of this genus are listed and reported in
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actively being introduced to make a taxon-specificidentification system or applied to the floral work. We
developed a web-based interactive identification system for Korean Carex using the Lucid 4.0 program. We
provided 31 standard morphological characters with
64 character states based on the literature survey
and the observation of herbarium sheets. The system
includes illustrations or photographs of the character
states of each character to facilitate the identification.
The system developed was made available to the
public on a website, allowing users to identify species
quickly and accurately. This study aims to make Carex widely available as a valuable resource for futurestudies and species utilization.

P.0274 Revisiting the PacificSouthwest-South America
disjunction in Carex sect.
Junciformes (Cyperaceae):
phylogenomic evidence
reveals
Mónica Míguez1, Pablo García-Moro1,
Ana Morales Alonso2, Karen Wilson3, Lisa
Pokorny4, Kerry Ford5, Pedro JiménezMejías1, Santiago Martín Bravo1
1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain. 2
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain. 3
National Herbarium of New South Wales, Mount
Annan, Australia. 4 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC),
Madrid, Spain. 5 Allan Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua,
Lincoln, New Zealand.
Carex sect. Junciformes is a cold-adapted group of
Carex subg. Psyllophorae with its center of diversity inSouth America. In the SW Pacific it is represented bythree accepted species, endemic to the mountainsof New Zealand (C. acicularis, C. allanii, and C. enysii),and by one from SE Australia-Tasmania (C. archeri).
Previous molecular studies suggest that the SW Pacific species result from a single long-distance dispersal
event that took place in the Late Miocene-Pliocene. We
used both Sanger (ITS, ETS, matK & rps16 markers) andhigh-throughput sequencing (Hyb-Seq with Angiosperm-353 probe set) approaches, to shed light on thesystematics and historical biogeography of this groupof sedges. Both the Sanger and Hyb-Seq phylogenies
reaffirmed the monophyly of the SW Pacific group ofsect. Junciformes, but did not recover the New Zealand taxa as monophyletic. This suggests that cryptic
species may be occurring in this archipelago. Previous

morphological and field observations have revealed
broad morphological and ecological variation acrosspopulations regarded as either C. acicularis or C. enysii, which would also agree with the possibility of unaccounted species. Biogeographic reconstructions consistently point to New Zealand as the ancestral areaof the entire SW Pacific sect. Junciformes group, withsubsequent migration to Australia.Thus, New Zealandcould have acted as a stepping-stone in a westward
colonization route between the source area in SouthAmerica and Australia. The lack of diversification of thegroup in Australia compared to that of New Zealandcould be explained in terms of low availability and variability of appropriate habitats for sect. Junciformes in
the old and low Australian mountains. Conversely, theyounger and higher mountains of New Zealand may
have provided an ideal setting for the diversification ofsect. Junciformes through increased ecological availability and heterogeneity.

P.0275 Morphological andecological diversification
at its extreme: phylogenyof the amazing
radiation of Carex
section Echinochlaenae(Cyperaceae) in New
Zealand
Mónica Míguez1, Ana Morales Alonso2,
María Sanz-Arnal1, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías1,
Kerry Ford3, Santiago Martín Bravo1
1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain. 2 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain. 3 Allan
Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua, Lincoln, New Zealand.
Carex section Echinochlaenae (subgen. Carex) contains 49 species, 38 endemic to New Zealand, four tosatellite archipelagos (Chatham, Kermadec and Norfolk), two to Australia/Tasmania, four to South America, and only one shared between New Zealand, SouthAmerica, and a few subantarctic archipelagos. Previous studies have detected a significant increase indiversification rates for this lineage. In New Zealand,
where it gathers about 40% of the total species diversity, the different species bear a wide arrangement ofmorphological characters, many of them unusual in
Carex. Plant height may range from 1-2 cm stems to>1 m among the different species. Leave width varies
from capillary <1mm leaves to several centimeters

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wide. Similarly, spikes vary from millimeters to centimeters long. Among the rarest morphological features
are acaulescence, extremely elongated ground-lying
stems articulated at the base, or red-colored to bronze
foliage, the latter unique among the 2,000 species of
the genus. Many species occur in habitats typically regarded as frequent in Carex (forests, wet meadows,bogs) but others occupy unusual ones (coastal banks,rock crevices, saltmarshes, temporal pools). These extremely diverse habitat preferences make Echinochlaenae the most remarkable ecological radiation in
the genus. We reconstructed a Sanger-based (ITS, ETS,
matK) phylogeny of the group, in order to set groundfor the detailed study of differentiation processes. The
phylogeny confirms the monophyly of the lineage,
provides support for early cladogenesis events andretrieves some species groups and species sister relationships. The topology points to New Zealand as thediversification hub for the group as well as the ancestral area for the colonization of Australia/Tasmania,
the satellite archipelagos, and South America. Overall,
phylogenetic evidence together with wide morphological and ecological diversity supports evolutionary
radiation processes during sect. Echinochlaenae differentiation in New Zealand.

P.0276 The pantropicaltribe Spermacoceae(Rubiaceae): Resolving
phylogeny and assessing
congruence using wholeplastome data

standing the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of Spermacoceae members from the Americas
and Africa. In this study, we employ whole-genome
plastid data of Spermacoceae members to addressthese challenges. Our presentation will primarily focus on two objectives: (1) presenting the first plastome
phylogeny of Spermacoceae, primarily representing
members from Africa and the Americas, and (2) investigating phylogenetic congruence among genes
and phylogenetic signals within genes using Bayesianand other methods. By shedding light on the phylogenetic relationships and resolving taxonomic inconsistencies, our research contributes to a better understanding of the evolutionary history and taxonomy of
the Spermacoceae tribe. This work is part of an ongoing effort to construct a global genome-wide phylogeny of the Spermacoceae tribe through the utilizationof high-throughput DNA data.

P.0277 Genomic islandsof differentiation andspeciation in a megadiverse genus (Carex,
Cyperaceae) with rapid
chromosomal evolution
Rogelio Sánchez Villegas1, Inés Gómez
Ramos2, M. Luceño1, M. Míguez1, J.I.
Márquez-Corro1,3, E. Maguilla1, Marcial
Escudero2, Santiago Martín Bravo1
1 Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain. 2 University of Seville, Seville, Spain. 3 Royal Botanical
Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.

Suman Neupane1, Peter Schafran2,Mariela Nuñez Florentin3
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Ball State University, Muncie, USA. 2 Boyce Thompson Institute,
Ithaca, USA. 3 IBONE (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes,
Argentina.
The pantropical tribe Spermacoceae comprises approximately 1,000 species and belongs to the largest
subfamily, Rubioideae, within the Rubiaceae family.
The genera within the Spermacoceae tribe have a long
history of taxonomic confusion and disagreement due
to the utilization of inconsistent and overlapping morphological traits in their generic delimitations. Previous
molecular phylogenetic studies have made significant
contributions to resolving many taxonomic inconsistencies, primarily focusing on taxa from Asia-Pacificand Australia. However, challenges persist in under-

Holocentric chromosomes have centromeres thatare distributed along the entire length of the chromosomes. Almost 20 independent linages of eukaryotes have this kind of chromosomes. Very often they
display a large variation in chromosome numbers.
While chromosome fragments from fission might belost in monocentric chromosomes, they are fixed andproperly segregated in holocentric chromosomes. Although holocentricity appears to play a crucial rolein generating biodiversity, no experimental studies
have conclusively demonstrated the crucial role ofchromosomal speciation in holocentric organisms.
Suppression of recombination due to chromosome
fusion and fission may contribute to chromosomal speciation in certain holocentric groups, leading
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ongoing gene flow (supergenes speciation theory).
To test this hypothesis, two species from the megadiverse and holocentric genus Carex were chosen as astudy group: C. laevigata and C. helodes, as they display wide inter- and even intrapopulation variation inchromosome number. Individuals from different populations of both species with varying chromosome
numbers were collected and kept at greenhouse andused for conspecific experimental crosses, generating self-fertilized progeny, F1 (through parental crosses) and F2 (through F1 self-fertilization). Our aim is toassess the fitness of chromosomal rearrangements
in F1 and F2. Subsequently, genome comparison between physical genomes and genetic linkage mapsof F2 individuals will directly test if recombination issuppressed in structural heterozygotes due to chromosomal rearrangements. Lastly, the role of chromosomal rearrangements in F1 and F2 populations will be
evaluated using measures of fitness and reproductive
performance, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these fitness-related traits in F2 populations
will be mapped.

P.0278 Plastome phylogeny
and early diversification of
the basal lineages of Carex
subg. Carex (Cyperaceae)

the subgenus can be considered to have occurredin the Asian region. However, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of these lineages are still
unclear due to their great morphological diversity
and the lack of ample materials from Asian region
in the earlier DNA analyses. Here, we conducted thephylogenetic analysis of the early diverging lineagesof C. subg. Carex (including C. sects. Cryptostachyae, Debiles, Decorae, Graciles, Grallatoriae, Indicae,
Japonicae, Mapaniifoliae, Mitratae and Mundae)
collected from Japan, China, Thailand and the Himalaya regions, using the plastome sequences.
Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis
and morphological observation, we reexamined theevolutionary history and taxonomy of C. subg. Carex.

P.0279 Cryptic intraspecificdiversity of a polyploid
complex of Abildgaardia
ovata (Cyperaceae):
evidence from molecular,
cytological, and ecologicaldata
Okihito Yano1, Yuki Tamura1, Yukiko Saito2,
Hiroshi Ikeda3, Kyong-Sook Chung4,
Hyoung-Tak Im5, Yu Ito6

Kotaro T. Takahashi1, Shizuka Fuse1, Hiroshi
Noda1, Okihito Yano2, Hiroshi Ikeda3,
Sawita Yooprasert4, Manop Poopath4,
Keshab RajRajbhandari5, Yong-Ping
Yang6, Minoru N. Tamura1
1 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 2 Departmentof Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Faculty of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of
Science, Okayama, Japan. 3 The University Museum,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 4 The Forest
Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife
and Plant Conservation, Thailand. 5 Department ofPlant Resources, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Nepal; 6 Kunming Institute of Botany, China.
The genus Carex (Caricoideae-Cyperaceae) is oneof the largest genera in the angiosperms, comprising about 2,000 species. The genus consists of the six
subgenera, among which C. subg. Carex is the largest with 70% of all of the Carex species, and focusedon in this study. The early diverging lineages of C.
subg. Carex are distributed mainly in East Asia andSoutheast Asia, and thus the early diversification of

1 Faculty of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan. 2 Faculty of Education, University of Ryukyu, Okinawa,
Japan. 3 The University Museum, the University ofTokyo, Tokyo, Japan 4 Department of Medicinal
Plant Science, Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea. 5
Department of Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. 6 Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.
Abildgaardia ovata (Cyperaceae) is a perennial
herb widely distributed in the world’s tropical towarm-temperate regions, including Asia, Pacific,
Australia, Africa, and Central and South America.
Polyploidy is known in the species, i.e., 2n = 10 (2x)from India and Thailand and 2n = 20 (4x) from
India, Japan, Mexico, and USA. Our previous molecular study using nrITS found two ribotypes, indicating further intraspecific diversity in A. ovata, inwhich polyploidy may be involved. Here we investigated genetic variations and phylogeographic
patterns and conducted chromosome observations of A. ovata using samples from Japan, Korea,
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cpDNA and nrITS data discerned distinct two major lineages with slightly overlapped geographicalstructures, one in Japan’s Honshu, Kyushu, andNansei, Korea’s Jeju, and Nepal while the otherrestricted to Nansei and Taiwan. Ecological nichemodeling suggested apparent ecological differentiation between the two lineages. Samples thathave heterogeneous nrITS sequences were also
found in Japan; those were considered as consequences of hybridization between either the above
mentioned two lineages or the latter and an unknown one. Given chromosome numbers revealedin this study, the former found in Nansei is considered as a homoploid hybrid between 2n = 20 (4x)lineages while the latter endemic to a part of Kyushu as an allopolyploid with 2n = 40 (8x). The homoploid hybrid included two types of haplotypes,
indicating that hybridization events have occurredbilaterally. The overall results lead us to infer unrecognized cryptic taxa within the widespreadpolyploid species complex, although the apparent
lack of unambiguous diagnostic characters currently precludes formal description. Further taxon
sampling and additional genetic analyses may
unveil whether the narrowly distributed lineage isderived from the widely distributed one in Asia andhow the homoploid hybrid and allopolyploid occur
with either of the lineages in Japan.

S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I: NEW
METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH PLANT
DIVERSITY
P.0280 University campuses
as botanical classrooms:
ten years of innovative
teaching
Cèsar Blanché1, Joan Simon1, Carles
Benedí1, Maria Bosch1
1 Teaching innovation group GIBAF, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain.
A case study on the use of plant materials from university campus gardens as a pedagogical tool in botanical education is presented. The analysis is basedon the initiatives developed by the Botany Teaching
Innovation Group (GIBAF 2024) at the University of Barcelona (UB) during the period from 2014 to 2024. 25
activities have been organized as part of pedagogical innovation projects for students of Botany in the
Pharmacy degree at UB. Projects have been integrated into the evaluation processes. Working spaces include the Garden of the Faculty of Pharmacy and thehistorical Garden Ferran Soldevila (main UB building),
hosting together around 350 species. We briefly highlight the botanical areas covered in the activities withstudents: a) Service Learning: development of botanical guides, labelling with QR codes providing information on species (nomenclature, description, distribution, uses, etc.), dissemination through faculty and UB

websites, organization of guided botanical tours, andpublication of student works in the UB Digital Repository. b) Organography and botanical morphology of
spermatophytes: creation and publication of an illustrated glossary in the UB Digital Repository. c) Development of educational resources for students: creation
and use of collaborative e-Textbooks in self-assessment and peer-assessment processes. d) Curricularenvironmentalization: integration of the value of plantbiodiversity in teaching plans (via videos, apps, etc.). e)
Promotion of the heritage value of the campuses: bothat a local (faculty, UB) and international level (LERU). f)
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): incorporationof concepts related to goals 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 13, and particularly 15, focusing on the value of biodiversity as asource of health within the One Health context. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the effectiveness ofusing plant resources from university campuses as avaluable educational tool in botanical teaching. References: GIBAF (2024). Blog of the Botanical Innovation
Group Applied to Pharmacy, http://gibaf.org/.

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S.033. CITIZEN SCIENCE INITIATIVES FOR THE
PROMOTION OF BOTANY
P.0281 Ecological restorationand maintenance processes
plant material planted
through pollinator corridors,in Suba, Colombia
Carrillo R. Diana1
1 Alcaldía Local de Suba, Universidad Pedagógica yTecnológica, Suba-Bogotá, Colombia.
The general objective of this project is to develop strategies to restore and maintain new degraded hectaresin the Main Ecological Structure EEP of Suba, Colombia, giving continuity to a project that corresponds tomaintenance actions that contribute to the restoration,
strengthening of the Main Ecological Structure generating new pollinator corridors in three strategic sectors forconservation: 1l Mirador los Nevados Park, 2. hydraulicround, management and environmental preservationof the Córdoba wetland and the Quebrada la Salitrosa in the town of Suba. The project is divided into four
components: 1. Planting with Restoration Criteria in new
areas of intervention through enrichment modules 2.
Maintenance and enrichment of plant material in new
areas and restored by the ALS 3. Pollinator Monitoring 4.
Social Component- Citizen Science.

increasing air pollution, high carbon emissions and increased intensity of flash floods and urban heat islandeffects in the fast-growing metropolitan cities of India
especially National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi have
put an alert on the human well-being of the urban
residents. Planning and implementing site specificand cost-effective nature-based solutions become aprerequisite for improving the livability and developing
resilient cities as per Sustainable Development Goal
(SDG) 11. ‘City Biodiversity Index’ was assessed to understand the biodiversity concerns, efforts, and challenges for the city. The City Biodiversity Index (CBI) was
assessed on recently upgraded 28 indicators. A standard protocol given in the CBI manual was followed
incorporating elements of remote sensing and literature review. CBI for the NCT of Delhi scored 57 out of 100
points and was first time evaluated for the city. The different components of CBI included Native Biodiversity(including flora and fauna), Ecosystem Services, Governance and Management scored 10 out of 24 points,
5 out of 20 points and 42 out of 56 points respectively.
CBI scores are crucial indicators and require attention
for the state and central government officials to understand the critical situation of the city for only having
a little more than 50% score. It is important that city prioritizes biodiversity conservation and local biodiversity
action plan includes the results provided by the study.

P.0282 Application of City
Biodiversity Index to thefast-expanding city of Delhi,
India for urban sustainability
and resilience
Chandan Das1, Satish C. Garkoti1, Shalini
Dhyani2
1 School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi, India. 2 Water Technology and Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru
Marg, Maharashtra, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Rapidly expanding cities with simultaneous increase in
the population has put an immense pressure on theexisting green spaces and biodiversity in the cities. The

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S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I: NEW
METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH PLANT
DIVERSITY
P.0283 The Ghirardi Botanic
Garden as promoter of agreen tourist attractionin Toscolano Maderno(Brescia, Northern Italy)

autochthonous species of the Papermill Valley, to be
re-explored as a precious feature in the tourist’s journeyto the discovery of the Paper Museum, during the thirdyear. The planning of the work program was possible
thanks to the invaluable involvement of the Municipalityof Toscolano Maderno (Brescia, Italy).

Claudia Giuliani1,2, Martina Bottoni1,2,
Fabrizia Milani1,2, Lorenzo Colombo1,2,
Paola S. Colombo1,2, Gelsomina Fico1,2
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 2 Ghirardi Botanic Garden,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universityof Milan, Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy.
This three-year project proposal is aimed at creating,managing, and promoting educational initiatives aspart of a green tourist circuit, in which the plant world
represents the element that connects three cultural sites in Toscolano Maderno (Brescia, Northern Italy):
the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (GBG), the Bernini Park,and the Papermill Valleyalong with the Paper Museum.
The objective is to develop responsible and sustainable tourist flows, through offers capable of integrating
the cultural attractiveness of the scientific, naturalistic,
historical, and artistic features of the territory. The project represents a meeting point between the tourist’s
search for authenticity and beauty, perfectly embodied by the plant world, and the need to protect the historical identity and enhance the territory, in a “green”
key. This overturning of tourist behaviour can succeed
only by increasing the collaboration among local actors and emphasizing the “sense of belonging” to theplaces. Simply put, what is offered by a territory must
be closely linked to the desire on its residents’ part ofpreserving and promoting it. This is contemplated withthe promotion of participative initiatives to enhance theplant resources:- the plant heritage preserved at the
GBG, by scheduling training courses for guides/volunteers, promoting educational offers for local schools,
and creating interpretative apparatuses that guide thevisitor’s attention from the GBG itself to the other target institutions, from the first year;- the centuries-old
plants of the Bernini Park, with special focus on themonumental ones, starting from the second year;- theP.0284 Citizen science
approach to combat plantand insect blindness andhelp their safeguard
Marta Galloni1, Marta Barberis1, Fortunato
Bitonto1, Laura Bortolotti2, Roberto
Costantino1, Athanasia Chroni3, Giovanna
Dante1, Jelle Devalez3, Simone Flaminio4,
Nicola Lothar Herrmann1, Elise Maria
Keller1, Luis Navarro5, Annalisa Managlia1,
Umberto Mossetti1, Theodora Petanidou3,
Marino Quaranta2, Rosa Ranalli6, JoseMaria Sanchez5, Anna Traveset7
1 University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 2 Council for
Agricultural Research Analysis of the Agricultural
Economy, Bologna, Italy. 3 University of the Aegean,
Mytilene, Greece. 4 University of Mons, Mons, Belgium. 5 University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain. 6 Universityof Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 7 Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies CSIC, Esporles, Spain.
LIFE 4 Pollinators (LIFE18/GIE/IT755) aims at involving
people and key stakeholders in the conservation ofwild pollinators in Mediterranean countries. To activate
a virtuous circle in civil society, different audiences are
involved through a general citizen science approach.
The project has produced a large set of materials in
6 EU languages, including user-friendly identification
tools for entomophilous plants and main pollinators.
Among the main actions are the educational project“Students 4 pollinators” for secondary schools and the
web platform addressed to citizens, for collecting photo records of pollinators on flowers. The former action
foresees 3 phases: a preliminary education session
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to record plant-pollinator interactions; a “restitution”
session in which the results of practical monitoring arepresented and discussed. About thousand students
participated to the project across Italy, Spain and
Greece, enhancing their knowledge on local flora andstimulating collective actions to help wild pollinators.
Learning outcomes and project success have beenassessed through questionnaires. Replies show a general increase of knowledge and awareness as well as
the willingness to adopt virtuous behaviors, by bothstudents and teachers. The web platform encourages citizen participation in biodiversity data collection:
almost two thousand photos have been uploaded,half of which were taken in Natura 2000 sites thanks tobioblitzes, while pictures taken in urbanized areas were
mostly collected during the educational activities. The
long-term continuation of “Students 4 Pollinators” will
be guaranteed in Bologna by the University Museum
Network, being included within the Botanic Garden
and Herbarium educational offer for schools.

P.0285 Effects of a realistic
biodiversity loss scenario on
the fine root structure of asemi-natural grassland.
Clara Gracia Mas1, Aleš Lisner2, Jules
Segrestin2
1 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación(CSIC-UV-GVA), Valencia, Spain. 2 University ofSouth Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Biodiversity ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has
shown a positive relationship between species diver-sity and diverse ecosystem functions, especially productivity. However, most studies have been addressing
this question using artificial communities composedof a random selection of species with a main focus
on aboveground productivity. Here, we used a different approach based on the removal of species from ahigh diversity European temperate grassland and weinvestigated the effect of the loss of rare and subordinate species on the belowground characteristics ofthe resulting communities. Particularly, we tested theeffect of species loss on belowground biomass, its vertical distribution, and root traits. We also measured theresilience of plant communities in producing new roots
after a soil disturbance. We found no effect of species
removal on root biomass except for a small decreasein root biomass in the uppermost soil layer (0-5cm), 6
years after the experiment setup. Similarly, species loss
did not affect the community root traits. Regarding
resilience, we found that species removal decreased
the root production after disturbance during the first 3
months. This effect, however, was no longer visible after
a year, and even monocultures were able to produce
as much root biomass as controls during that time.
These results show that the biodiversity-productivity
relationship may not be as ubiquitous as commonly
thought and no interpolations from aboveground to
belowground can be easily done. The lack of response
found for the root vertical distribution challenges theidea that high species diversity was associated withniche partitioning and species complementarity but
rather suggests that dominant species are the main
determinant of belowground characteristics. However, diversity could have a positive effect in other lessstudied ecosystem functioning such as resilience, although in our system can just be seen in short-term.

S.033. CITIZEN SCIENCE INITIATIVES FOR THE
PROMOTION OF BOTANY
P.0286 Leveraging the iconic
popularity of saguaro cactus
to develop conservation
tools and strategies forendangered cacti
Jeny Davis1, Kimberlie McCue2, Tania
Hernández-Hernández2

1 National Forest Foundation, Missoula, USA. 2 Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, USA.
Saguaros (Carnegia gigantea) are columnar cactus that span and flourish in the Sonoran Desertof North America, growing exclusively in the region. There’s nothing particular about saguaro
ecology, physiology or genetics that makes themdifferent from their cacti relatives, and they are
not endangered. However, the importance of saguaros is tremendous for conservation purposes.

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They are an iconic species included in the Cactaceae, the family with the highest number of species under severe extinction threats. The saguaro
cactus is a symbol of the region, highly acknowledged in memorabilia. People hold them in highesteem, monitor them, and see them as cornerstones of urban and wild landscapes, while laws
have been established to care for and preservethem. Unfortunately, given recent extreme heatwaves in the metro Phoenix area, many saguaros
in urban spaces have died. Desert Botanical Garden capitalizes on the social relevance of saguaro
to develop a cacti conservation strategy proposal that has central components in environmental
education and community involvement. With thehelp of the community, we developed the Saguaro Census, where people participate using theiNaturalist app to count and monitor saguaros
and their health in the metro Phoenix area, raising awareness on the importance of maintaining
and promoting urban green spaces and wildlife.
With the Saguaros Under Stress project, we study
the impact of urban heat island stress on saguaros in residential areas, where owners participate
in continuously monitoring and sampling theirplants. These projects sensitize the community tothe potential effects of global warming on cactus
extinction, and the relevance of scientific research.
Finally, we developed the Saguaro Nursery, where
volunteers help us propagate saguaros from aseed bank that covers the geographic range andgenetic diversity of the species, acquainting with
the need of early action of species preservation
for future generations.

but knowledge of plant species is increasingly declining among the population. Flora Incognita isa tool that can counteract this loss. With intuitive
usability, the application can identify over 16,000
plant species with a very high degree of accuracy. Comprehensive fact sheets provide a wealthof localized information on the species found, andcurated articles regularly inform about various
botanically relevant topics. Users are extrinsically rewarded with badges for finding different or
specific species, increasing their motivation to engage with plant diversity repeatedly. The application is designed in such a way that citizen science
projects involving the recording of species can beeasily implemented. The captured plant observations and their metadata provide a rich resource
for researching, monitoring and understanding
plant diversity, the spread of invasive species orplant phenology. Mobile applications such as Flora Incognita stimulate the successful interplay ofcitizen science, conservation and education.

P.0287 Flora Incognita: a free
App for precise and easy
plant identification
Jana Wäldchen1, Anke Bebber1, David
Boho2, Alice Fritz1, Jonas Hüther2, Kevin
Karbstein1, Lara Kösters1, Illia Korobov2,
Michael Rzanny1, Oliver Sommer2,
Sebastian Jeschke2, Christian Wittich2,
Patrick Mäder2
1 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena,
Germany. 2 Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany.
Being able to correctly identify plants is necessary for recognizing changes in their distribution,

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S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I: NEW
METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH PLANT
DIVERSITY
P.0288 The xylarium
BOTUw as a generator ofknowledge for biodiversity
sustainability
Carmen R. Marcati1, André C. Lima1, Julia
M. N. Bidoia1, Cleiton H. Silva1, Juan Nicolai1,
Liliane C. Pereira1
1 Department of Forest Science, Soil and Environment, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
Continuously deposited in successive layers throughout the life of the plant, wood records valuable environmental information that allows it to be studied
for various purposes, including species identification,
dendrochronological studies, climate reconstructions and sustainable forest management. Xylaria arecollections of documented, organized and correctly
identified wood samples, which should contain information about the specimen and the place where it
was collected. With more than 2,900 specimens representing 1,600 species and 600 genera, included in
150 families, the xylarium “Profª Drª Maria AparecidaMourão Brasil” (BOTUw) was created to expand knowl-edge of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest ecosystems.
It currently has around 1,500 species samples fromthese ecosystems, as well as contributions from international collections and more than 18,000 slides,
making it possibly the largest collection of histological slides of wood and bark in Brazil. This collection
was used in important publications, such as the book
“Atlas of Wood Diversity of the Cerrado Paulista” andthe “IAWA List of Microscopic Bark Features”, as well as
several scientific papers. All the information about the
samples is currently available on the speciesLink platform, including almost 900 macro and microscopic
anatomical images of more than 100 Brazilian species.
BOTUw receives visits from primary and secondary
school students and undergraduates, allowing the
public to have contact with the great diversity of woodin its collection. In view of current climate change andintense human pressure on natural resources, andwith the rapid degradation of natural ecosystems, especially the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest, the study
and conservation of biodiversity is becoming crucial.
In this way, BOTUw represents an important repository of the structural diversity and biodiversity of theseecosystems and has contributed to the disseminationof this knowledge to both the academic communityand society in general.

S.033. CITIZEN SCIENCE INITIATIVES FOR THE
PROMOTION OF BOTANY
3 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life
Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,
4 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa,
Wellington, New ZealandP.0289 Engaging with
Wikidata: Benefits andimpacts for botanists andinstitutions
Sabine von Mering1, Siobhan Leachman2,
Joaquim Santos3, Heidi M. Meudt4
1 Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany, 2
Independent researcher, Wellington, New Zealand,

Digital outreach is an increasingly important way
for scientists and institutions to communicate scientific research, including all aspects of botanicalresearch, to audiences both inside and outside
the scientific community. We will show how andwhy botanists can (and should) contribute biodiversity information to multiple Wikimedia projects. There are many ways that botanists can get

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ic, artistic processes, among others to guarantee
a positive subject-environment relationship. In
school gardens, topics that include food, nutrition,
environmental sciences, ecology, agroecology
and botany, among others, are historically worked
on, hence its importance in the educational field.
Environmental recycling days were formed together with the students to create eras from recycledplastics in eco-bottles: the planting of aromaticplants, aloe vera (Aloe vera), varieties of lettuce
and tomato began, the students acquired interdisciplinary knowledge, such as: measurementsof areas, volumes and also from biology, the morphological characteristics of plants are analyzed,
they learn to recognize botanical families andtypes of fruits, as phenological processes. Socially,teachers’ strategies were studied to create linkage mechanisms with families, with other teachers and directors, as well as with actors external
to the school, to establish and provide continuity
to the gardens. It is concluded that, despite thedifficulties in their operation and monitoring, they
represent a field of opportunities to build spaces
for meeting and collaboration between teachersand students, and with other internal and external
actors; although it is also recognized that muchof its potential is hindered by different structuraland labor factors of teaching. These factors act asbarriers to the scaling up of gardens, still leaving
them as a marginal activity of teachers who, fordifferent motivations, maintain their commitment
to promoting them in their schools.

involved in this space, including contributing research images, specimens, publications, and information about scientists, botanical collectors,
taxonomic data, plant taxa, and other aspects ofplants and biodiversity. Botanists can engage in
multiple Wikimedia projects, with the main ones
being Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikidata. We will focus here on Wikidata, explaining
the benefits and impact of Wikidata engagement
both for individuals and institutions. One of thebiggest impacts of such engagement is the reuse of Wikidata data and identifiers (QIDs) in otherplatforms such as Bionomia, Scholia, BHL, GBIF, VIAF
and others. This reuse can ensure botanists get
increased acknowledgement and recognition for
their contributions, such as publications, collecting and identification of specimens, and the documented use of those specimens in research. We
will also discuss the opportunities and benefits of“roundtripping” Wikidata items in institutional collection management systems and natural history
institution websites, as well as querying Wikidata
to help answer questions of relevance to the botanical community. We will show some successful
and inspiring examples of biodiversity knowledge,
images and metadata that scientists, institutionsand Wikimedians are adding to Wikidata and thewider Wikiverse. We will also discuss the practical steps botanists can take to engage with Wikicommunities in their own countries and languages. Finally, we will share some of our personal experiences of becoming Wikimedians and engaging in such digital outreach as scientists and with
scientists, including at IBC 2024 (see: https://www.
wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_IBC_2024).

P.0290 School
environmental project:planting to form life values.
Víctor Alfonso Mondragón Valencia1,
Liliana Ibarra1, María Eugenia Arias1, Oscar
Molano1
1 Institución Educativa Metropolitano María Occidente, Popayán, Colombia.
This research analyzes the school garden as aspace that helps foster school relationships, understanding that the exercise of education promotes the transformation of students from theirdifferent life environments and from various approaches such as: their socio-personal, academ-161

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S.033. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY I: NEW
METHODS TO ENGAGE PEOPLE WITH PLANT
DIVERSITY
P.0291 Bridging Botany andsociety: exploring the richlegume living collection at
Rio de Janeiro botanicalgarden, Brazil

greater autonomy. Each entry includes photos, popular names, scientific names, distribution, location
within the Arboretum, phenology, and observations
on use and conservation. This ongoing project undertakes activities to foster higher integration of science, education, culture, and nature.

G.C. Ottino1, D. Cardoso1,2, H. C. Lima1, M.P.
Morim1, L.S.B. Jordão1, F.L.R. Filardi1, V.F.
Mansano1, A.M.S.F. Vaz1, M.A. Nadruz1
1 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Instituto de Biologia,
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
The Arboretum of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden (JBRJ) in Brazil holds one of the World’s mostimportant and biodiverse ex-situ collections oftropical plants. The remarkable JBRJ Living Collection has a significant conservation value, featuring
breathtaking pathways lined with towering Amazonian and Atlantic Forest trees and representative
species of Brazil’s unique ecosystems. This living collection offers an exceptional opportunity to engage
people with a vast plant biodiversity and serves as
a valuable educational experience for society. The
legume family (Fabaceae), the most species-richin the country’s flora, is also particularly rich in the
JBRJ living collection, providing excellent examples
for knowing the Brazilian flora and phytogeographical domains. This legume living collection also plays
a role in ex-situ conservation by housing genetically representative units of high-priority threatened
species, such as the Brazilwood, Paubrasilia echinata, and the Rosewood, Dalbergia nigra. By carefully reviewing the nomenclature of the JBRJ legume
living collection, following recent molecular-based
phylogenetic classifications, we show that it comprises 276 legume species, from which 211 are Brazilian native species, 88 are endemic of the country,
and 17 are officially listed in the national red list of
threatened species. Our results compose a series of
online books designed to showcase for visiting communities the families of plants cultivated at JBRJ. The
book enables the general public to explore the living
collection independently and know its species with

P.0292 It’s quarter to Daisy! Studying flower movements
in a floral clock
Katja Rembold1, Sarah Gauss1,2, Adrian
Möhl1, Markus Fischer1,2, Sylvain Aubry3
1 Botanical Garden of the University of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2 Institute of Plant
Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 3 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Universityof Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Many people perceive plants as static organisms,
but the plant kingdom is full of motions - often too
slow for us to observe. Based on the ideas of Carl
Linnaeus, we built a floral clock in the Botanical
Garden of the University of Bern (Switzerland) tocommunicate floral movements and their ecological and physiological background to a broad
public. In a playful way, visitors could observe andexperience the displayed plant movements onsite and 24h online to learn about how and why
plants invest energy in floral movements. Simultaneously, we studied the displayed plants in accordance with their environmental conditions tolearn more about the complex mechanisms andinterrelationships. Are the floral movements ofeach species triggered by light, temperature or
humidity? Or is it a combination? In June and July
2022, we studied the opening/closing times of 11day- or night-flowering plant species. For eachspecies, we measured light intensity, temperatureand humidity during 24h and under different climatic conditions. For most species, a combination of triggers had a significant impact on flower
opening/closing with light intensity being the mostcommon trigger. Merging expertise from botany,
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project proved very successful to raise societal
awareness of the beauty, complexity and sensitivity of plants.

P.0293 Fostering botanicaleducation and promoting
scientific vocations at
Marimurtra Botanical
GardenAnna Sans1, Sílvia Garriga1, Enric Barril1,
Gisela Hernández1, Carles Burguera1,
Jaissa Obré1, Pere Fraga1,2, Jordi
Fàbregas1, Antonio Aguilar 1
1 Marimurtra Botanical Garden, Fundació Privada
Carl Faust, Blanes, Spain. 2 Institut Menorquí d’Estudis, Maó, Spain.
Marimurtra Botanical Garden embraces a multifaceted approach to scientific outreach, catering to diverse audiences with varied interestsand backgrounds. With a historical, cultural, andnatural appeal, Marimurtra welcomes visitorsfrom around the world, providing an opportunity to engage with the rich plant diversity spanning its more than 4-hectare landscape, housing
over 4,000 cataloged plant taxa from five continents. The foundation’s commitment to scientific dissemination is evident in its efforts to adapt
educational activities to different age groups,
particularly focusing on enhancing the experience for younger audiences. Through experiential and hands-on activities, Marimurtra aims tospark curiosity and foster a deeper appreciation
for botany and the environment. These initiatives
not only facilitate the acquisition of knowledge
but also aim to cultivate a lifelong interest in thenatural world. Moreover, Marimurtra recognizes
the importance of attracting school-age visitors,
acknowledging them as a key demographic for
impactful engagement. By offering tailored educational programs and interactive experiences,
the garden strives to leave a lasting impression
on young minds, igniting a passion for plant sciences and environmental stewardship. In addition
to on-site activities, Marimurtra leverages online
content to extend its reach and provide supplementary educational resources. Whether throughguided tours, technical workshops, or manipulative activities, the garden is committed to disseminating botanical knowledge to schools, universi-

ties, families, and environmental enthusiasts alike.
As Marimurtra continues to evolve its approach toscientific outreach, it remains steadfast in its mission to protect, promote, and conserve Mediterranean biodiversity. Through a blend of tradition
and innovation, the garden serves as a beacon of
botanical education and environmental conservation, inspiring generations to connect with thenatural world.

P.0294 Lichen diversity,
citizen science andbiomonitoring or how
to help botanicaldissemination
Zulema Varela1
1 CRETUS, Ecology Unit, Department Functional Biology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Citizen science is a valuable tool for raising awareness of environmental issues, disseminating scientific knowledge and methodologies, and also agreat strategy for helping society to learn about
and value botany. With this idea in mind, a project is being carried out between the Ánxel Casal
vocational school in A Coruña (Galicia, NW Spain)
and the University of Santiago de Compostela withthe aim of biomonitoring air quality in the city of A
Coruña using lichens. To achieve this objective, thefirst step is for both students and teachers to learn
to differentiate lichen species and their growthforms in order to calculate the lichen diversity
index and thus carry out an analysis of air pollution in different areas of their city (e.g., areas withhigh traffic density and areas with low emissions,parks...). So far, the implementation of the project
has revealed that: i) 30% did not know what lichenswere and thought they were mosses; ii) 80% areable to differentiate growth forms; iii) 50% prefer to
use apps instead of field guides to identify species;iv) 45% try to identify lichen species when walking
on the street or in the countryside (not related tothis project); and v) 91% would participate again
in citizen science projects. This shows that once
botany is known, it is of general interest and helps
society to appreciate the organisms we live witharound us. It also shows that citizen science projects are very useful to bring this discipline closer
to society and that in the future they will be key tothe conservation of species.

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P.0295 The “Serra delPorquet” project: merging
university and secondary
school iNaturalist projects
to expand biodiversity
appreciation
José Luis Villar García1, 2, María Ángeles
Alonso Vargas1, Mario Martínez Azorín1,
Manuel Benito Crespo Villalba1, Elena
Martínez García3, Elisa Goytia Pasquín4,
María Caballero Torres51 Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, Spain. 2 IES
Jorge Juan, Alicante, Spain. 3 IES Bahía Babel, Alicante, Spain. 4 IES Antonio José Cavanilles, Alicante, Spain. 5 IES Francisco Figueras Pacheco, Alicante, Spain.
In 2022, we started the project “Serra del Porquet”
to promote the use of iNaturalist among secondary school students. That first attempt included
around 180 students from IES Figueras Pacheco (Alicante, Spain) and consisted in a 2-day bioblitz inwhich the students visited the nearby natural areaof “Serra del Porquet” and recorded biodiversity ingeneral. The following year, the project was extended to 3 other schools from Alicante and to new ar-eas. Each school developed an iNaturalist project foreach spring round. All single projects were included
in an umbrella project allowing to include all observations and providing valuable statistics and comparisons between schools and events. The “Serra delPorquet” project was merged in 2023 with a project
developed at the University of Alicante and aimed
to Biology degree students. Instead of a single iNaturalist project in which students could upload theirobservations and familiarize themselves with thelocal flora, they were encouraged to participate in
the Secondary schools’s projects in two ways: helping as identifiers of biodiversity for the observations
made by the Secondary School students; and participating themselves in the Bioblitz days organisedby the Secondary Schools. The initiative of merging
projects had moderate success and only a small
percentage of degree students engaged with secondary school students. However, with some adaptations, the idea has been promoted again for thespring of 2024. Moreover, from the Secondary School
perspective, more schools are being invited to join
the project and it has been also proposed as an
eTwinning project (within the Erasmus+ framework)
which will help other schools from other countries
within the European Union to participate and add
their data. At present, the secondary school students have made 2607 observations which include
343 species, 60% of which are land plants.

S.034. CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON ALPINE
PLANT SPECIES AND COMMUNITIES: INSIGHTSFROM THE GLORIA NETWORK
P.0296 Limiting factors oftree performance acrossNorthern Hemisphere
forests: an approachthrough the Law of the
Minimum
Cristina Grajera-Antolín1, Julen
Astigarraga1, Verónica Cruz-Alonso2, Sara
Villén-Pérez1.

1 Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain 2 Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Understanding which environmental factors limit
the distribution and performance of plant species
is a key question in botany. One classical hypothesis, attributed to Darwin, postulates that biotic
factors will be more restrictive at lower latitudes,
where abiotic factors are less constraining. Empirical support of this hypothesis is mixed, partly
because of methodological differences. Here wesuggest that Liebig’s Law of the Minimum is a perspective highly suited to test Darwin’s hypothesis.
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and location. Here, we use this principle to identify the factor limiting tree species performancealong the latitudinal gradient of US forests. To thisend, we fitted quantile regressions of basal areafor 114 species distributed in 18,446 plots of the US
Forest Inventory and identify whether the limiting
factor is biotic (symmetric and asymmetric competition) or abiotic (drought, winter temperature,
pH, nitrogen and organic carbon) at each plot. Our
results challenge Darwin’s classical hypothesis, as
the probability of biotic factors limiting tree basal
area increases with latitude. Specifically, compe-

tition had an approximately 20% probability of being the limiting factor at high latitudes in contrast
to any other abiotic factor, which did not exceed
this value. Additionally, winter temperature acted
as the limiting factor mainly at low latitudes. These
unexpected results could be related to the positiveeffects of rising temperature on tree performanceat high latitudes due to climate change. Overall,
our findings suggest that climate change could
be altering the performance and distribution oftree species across Northern Hemisphere forests,
deviating from predictions made by Darwin.

S.036. COMPARATIVE SPATIALPHYLOGENETICS OF MEDITERRANEANTYPEFLORAS OF THE WORLD
P.0297 Convergent evolution
in Mediterranean oaks
Rubén Martín Sánchez1, Andrew L. Hipp2,3,
Juan Pedro Ferrio Díaz1,4, Ana López
Ballesteros1, Béatrice Chassé5, Domingo
Sancho Knapik1,6, José Javier Peguero Pina16
1 Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain. 2 The Morton
Arboretum, Lisle, USA. 3 The Field Museum, Chicago,USA. 4 Aragon Agency for Research and Development, Zaragoza, Spain. 5 Arboretum des Pouyouleix,
Saint-Jory-De-Chalais, France. 6 Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain. 7 Estación
Experimental de Aula Dei, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain.
Oaks (Quercus L.) are distributed all around thenorthern hemisphere occupying a wide range ofdifferent climates. Phylogenetically, genus Quercus is divided into two subgenera: subgenus
Quercus (New World oaks) and subgenus Cerris(Old World oaks). Both subgenera are hypothesized to have very different ancestors and evolutionary histories. New World species are supposed to have originated in the northernmost partof North America and colonized this continent as
far as tropical regions in Mesoamerica and someregions in Eurasia. By contrast, Old World species
are likely to have arisen under tropical regions inSoutheast Asia and later colonize the Himalayas,
temperate regions of Asia, and, finally, the Mediterranean Basin. Our study searches leaf morpho-

logical convergences between oaks from different
subgenera (even different sections) but adapted
to a similar climate. Specifically, we analyzed theleaf adaptation to Mediterranean climates where
oaks occur, the Mediterranean Basin and California. We have sampled 190 oaks species fromaround the world growing in The Pouyouleix Botanical Garden (France), and measured several leaf
morphological traits, that have been summarized
into an index created de novo for this study. We
have also used occurrence data from GBIF database to extract WorldClim climatic variables fromthe natural distribution of each oak. We have seenthat summer aridity is the best variable defining
the Mediterranean climate. Finally, the phylogenyof the genus has been used to perform the phylogenetic analyses. Mediterranean species resulted
to be 38. We did not find significant differences in
the rate of evolution of the morphological index
but we detected significant shifts in the phylogeny when modelling summer aridity. Moreover, ouranalyses identified two leaf syndromes in responseto the Mediterranean climate. We conclude that itexists a convergent but not exclusive morphology in one leaf syndrome, those with small rounded
evergreen sclerophyllous leaves.

P.0298 Evolutionary timeas an underlying driverfor hyperdiversity across165

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global and Mediterranean
biodiversity hotspots
Francis J. Nge1,2*, Sven Buerki3, Martin
W. Callmander4, Wen-Na Ding5,6, Tao
Deng7, Xianhan Huang7, Elizabeth M.
Joyce8, Martha Kandziora9, Porter P.
Lowry II10,14, Heidi M. Meudt11, Maria Esther
Nieto-Blazquez12, Pei Qin Ng2,13, Peter
B. Phillipson10,14, Yohan Pillon15, Sandra
Reinales16, Hang Sun7, Jennifer A. Tate17,
Qin Tian18,19,20, Thais Vasconcelos21, John M.
A. Wojahn3, Renske E. Onstein22, 20*
1National Herbarium of New South Wales, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, Australia. 2 School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of
Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide,
Australia. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive,
Boise, Idaho, USA. 4 Conservatoire et Jardin
botaniques de Genève, Chambésy, Switzerland.
5 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow andLandscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. 6 CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical
Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla,
China. 7 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and
Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Instituteof Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. 8 Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. 9 Departmentof Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 10 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 11 Museumof New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand. 12 Senckenberg Biodiversity
and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 13 SA Genomics Centre,
South Australian Health and Medical ResearchInstitute, Adelaide, Australia. 14 Muséum national d’Histoire naturel, Paris, France. 15 LSTM,
IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 16 Departamento deBotânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidadede São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 17 School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston
North, New Zealand. 18 Germplasm Bank of Wild
Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. 19 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China. 20 German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena - Leipzig,
Leipzig, Germany. 21 Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, USA. 22 Naturalis Biodiversity Center,
Leiden, the Netherlands.

Biodiversity hotspots contain high species richness, endemism, and threat, but whether theyshare common evolutionary dynamics remains
unknown. We inferred age, diversification rate, andspecies richness for 2,904 plant lineages across
21 biodiversity hotspots and biodiverse regions,
including four Mediterranean regions across theglobe. We applied phylogenetic comparative
methods to evaluate whether age and area explain species richness variation across hotspot
lineages, and whether regions that share a similar
environment also share lineages with similar ages
and rates. Hotspot regions differed substantially inevolutionary dynamics. Furthermore, we detected
increasing species richness with lineage age andphylogenetic signal in diversification rates andenvironment (e.g., islands, Mediterranean climate)across hotspot lineages, among other factors.
Our results suggest that hotspots with the highest
species richness contain old lineages that haveaccumulated diversity over time, but the highest
diversification rates are found in young, island-likehotspots. Furthermore, lineages within hotspots
share similar ages and rates, suggesting that region-specific drivers have shaped lineages in asimilar way, while phylogenetic history has predisposed certain lineages to repeatedly colonise
environmentally similar hotspots and occasionallydiversify in them (e.g., Rhamnaceae across Mediterranean systems)

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S.037. CONNECTIONS ALONG THE ATLANTICFRINGE
P.0299 Total recount ofindigenous species of the
Celtic Fringe (TRISCelt): a
standarised biodiversity
occurrence database of
Atlantic vascular plants
González-Toral1, Isabel Larridon2, Jose
Ignacio Márquez-Corro2, Marcial
Escudero3, Juan Arroyo3, Eduardo Cires1,41 Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 3 Universidad de
Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 4 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Ordenación del Territorio, Mieres, Spain.
The Atlantic Floristic Region comprises territories considered among the best recorded and covered in existing on-line biodiversity databases. Although this Region has controversial boundaries, there is consensus
about the Celtic Fringe—North Iberian Peninsula, North
and Central France and the British Islands and theirsurrounding Islands—, which territories are represented in numerous vascular flora checklists. Since curated biodiversity occurrence databases are fundamental and critical to assess different aspects of vascularplants biodiversity at local and global scale, we aim togenerate a standardised biodiversity occurrence database of the native vascular flora of the Celtic Fringe
using a fine spatial resolution (10 x 10 Km UTM grid). We
chose the cosmopolitan sedge family (Cyperaceae),
which comprises nearly 6,000 species distributed in 95
genera and is especially diverse in temperate regions
such as the Celtic Fringe, to illustrate this process. The
inventory of the native Cyperaceae taxa of the Celtic
Fringe included 201 taxa belonging to 15 genera andcovering 96.64% of the total Celtic Fringe area (8,373
grids). The Cantabrian Atlantic and the French Atlantic were the most taxon-rich subprovinces (>130 taxa)
however, the majority of the hybrid taxa were foundin the Britannic subprovince and belonged to 2 genera. The highest area coverage (>97%) and number ofoccurrences (204,755) were presented by the Britannic and the French Atlantic subprovinces, respectively. Nonetheless, the mostly high-mountain and Mediterranean neighbouring Orocantabrian subprovince
presented the lowest surface coverage (ca. 89%). The
standardization process indicates that there exists anuneven occurrence coverage among subprovinces,which would impact future biodiversity studies. Nevertheless, the TRISCelt database and checklist will allow studying the impact of biotic and abiotic factors
on the spatial phylogenetic diversity patterns of large
and diverse families such as Cyperaceae within the
Celtic Fringe.

S.038. CONSERVATION STATUS OF MAGNOLIAIN SOUTH AMERICA
P.0300 Magnolia
calimaensis: population
structure and reproductive
biology
Gloria D. González-Zuñiga1, Cristian E.
Rodas-Ensuncho1, Kelly T. BocanegraGonzález1,2,3

1 University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia. 2 The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 3 Royal Botanic
Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Selective logging and habitat modification threaten 87% of the species of the Magnolia genus in
Colombia. These species are characterized byusing floral biology strategies such as protogyny,
thermogenesis and floral aromas, with Coleoptera(Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae) being the main pollinators. M. calimaensis (Sect. Talauma) is endemic
to the Bajo Calima region in western Valle del Cauca and is classified as Critically Endangered (CR).

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Its population structure and reproductive biology
have not been studied, which is essential information to know its status and establish conservation
actions. Therefore, in this research all the individuals found were recorded and measured, determining their size structure and spatial distribution.
In turn, 240 hours were dedicated to observing theflowering and anthesis of 8 individuals, classifying
their anthesis into 5 phases: pre-pistillate, pistillate,pre-staminate, staminate, and post-staminate, in
addition, its pollinator was identified by collecting
flowers in interphase. 38 individuals were recorded, with a gregarious dispersal pattern and dimensions of 6-20 m in height and 3.18-49.02 cm in diameter. In addition, it was observed that: i) Floral
development occurs between 6-8 weeks. ii) Twobracts protect the flower bud until it opens. iii) The
pistillate phase was evident with the partial opening of the floral chamber (18:30 h, day-0). iv) On
day-1, the floral aromas are pleasant, and the tepals are cream-colored, tending toward yellow. v)
At 18:40 h the staminate phase begins, attracting
great activity from floral visitors, 35 minutes later,
partially open tepals are observed. vi) During day-2,
the flower in its post-staminate phase presents tepals and stamens that wither and detach from thereceptacle. vii) Of 5 flowers collected, 4 containedgroups of 2-3 beetles. Like other species in the section, M. calimaensis triggers the anthesis process in
the Afternoon-Night for two consecutive nights. Itspollinator belongs to the Nitidulidae family.

S.039. CONTRASTING DIVERSITY PATTERNS,BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND CONSERVATION ISSUESIN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HEATHERS(ERICEAE, ERICACEAE)
P.0301 Distribution andextension changes of
the European Atlantic
heathlands in NW
Iberia during the Upper
Pleistocene and theHolocene
Castro-Parada, A. 1; Cazás, N. 1; GómezOrellana, L. 2; Ramil-Rego, P. 2; Ferreiro da
Costa, F.J. 2; Briones, M.J.3; Muñoz Sobrino, C. 1
1 Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias doSolo, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain. 2 Laboratorio de Botánica e Bioxeografía, Universidade deSantiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain. 3 Departamento de Ecología e Bioloxía Animal, Universidad
de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
European Atlantic heaths develop on humid oceanic climates and their natural occurrence may belimited by cold temperatures and summer droughts.
Throughout different periods during the Pleistocene
and the Holocene, the shrublands and heathlands
represented the climax vegetation in NW Iberia. Thismay be related to the noticeable diversity of generaand species of Ericaceae, Empetraceae and Pyrolaceae (Erica, Calluna, Daboecia, Vaccinium, Arbutus,
Corema) currently existing in the area, which form
habitats and landscapes of great ecological value.
We reviewed the evidence of coastal heathland on
the Cantabrian coasts, in the Rías Baixas and on several nearby oceanic mountains, dated from the endof the Pleistocene to present, to understand modern
heathlands history in NW Iberia. Due to the climatic
improvement a general expansion of broad-leaved
deciduous forests occurred in NW Iberia after theend of the last glacial period. Thus, forests partially replaced heathlands and other open habitats,both on the coasts and in many mountain areas.
Besides, coastal heathlands from NW Iberia retreat
during the Holocene due to the sea-level rise, butvarious studies carried out in mountain peatbogs
and lakes also suggest that changes in the vegetation composition occurred during the Holocene, withheathland increasing during the colder episodes
but declining in favour of deciduous forest during
the warmer episodes. From the Bronze Age onwards,
the extent of heathlands peaked asynchronously in
NW Iberia, as well as in different areas of Western
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scape transformation into agrosystems. Besides,
anthropic influence must also contribute to the disappearance of heathlands in some localities, as occurred in some islands of the Galician coasts during
the last 3000 years.

P.0302 Conservation
issues of the endemic
chasmophytic speciesof low altitude in the
Mediterranean: case of
Silene sect. Siphonomorpha“Endangered”, “Vulnerable” and “Critically Endangered”. In situ conservation measures are highly
recommended for S. sessionis and S. aristidis; ex
situ conservation of S. auriculifolia appears urgent.
The heritage issues of these cliffs in Algeria, often
located close to cities and/or transport infrastructures, deserve a reinforcement of regulatory measures (legal protection of species, ban of somedevelopment technologies) and preventive measures (pre-project impact assessments).

P.0303 Cold tolerance
evolution in southerngrasses (Danthonioideae):
effects of snow cover andacclimation ability

Melilia Mesbah1, Farid Bekdouche1,2,
Keyssa Laidi3, Errol Véla4,Mohamed
Sahnoune1
1 Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Environnement, Facultédes Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Universitéde Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie. 2 Département d’Ecologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la
Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna II, Batna, Algérie. 3 Département des Sciences Agronomiques,
Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et des Sciences
Agronomiques, Université Mouloud Mammeri deTizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algérie. 4 Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
The Mediterranean low-altitude limestone cliffs
are known for their exceptional diversity and richness in endemics, often insufficiently assessed inAlgeria. The present study is an analysis and asynthesis of individual IUCN assessments of threeendemic Algerian chasmophytic species, Silene
sessionis, S. aristidis and S. auriculifolia. The aim isto understand the various threats to this kind of
habitat and the conservation issues of the species
that grow on it. These assessments were carriedout in five littoral or sublittoral areas in the north ofthe country. Their conservation status was established according to the IUCN recommendations
and approved by the official Red List process. New
sites were discovered for S. sessionis and S. aristidis with, respectively, 23/103 and 152/1174 young/total individuals, an extent of occurrence (EOO) /area of occupancy (AOO) of 2/12 and 2.6/32 km2.
The identified threats are quarries, sport climbing
and shotcrete. A single site was found for S. auriculifolia (absent in three other historical sites)with only six individuals, all senescent and sterile,an EOO and an AOO of only 0 and 4 km respectively. Threats are poorly identified. The new adopted
statuses for the three species are, respectively,

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Sofia Nilsson1, Marian Schubert1,2, Aelys M.
Humphreys1
1 Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. 2 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.

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S.040. CRYOBIOTECHNOLOGY: BROADENING
THE SCOPE OF PRESERVING PLANT
BIODIVERSITY FOR THE FUTURE
P.0304 Stress tolerance
and longevity of oak pollen:basis for the creation ofa Global Oak Pollen Bank(GOPB)

to 11% relative humidity (RH) and storage at sub-zero temperatures after drying to 11-30% RH. Longevity
studies indicate that dry storage at 30% RH seems
the most suitable condition. These results set thebasis for optimal oak pollen storage and are being
used to create the collection conserved in the GOPB.
We expect that the GOPB will not only act as a backup of the rich oak genetic diversity but will becomea fundamental conservation tool in oak restoration
projects through Assisted Reproduction Technology.

Daniel Ballesteros1, 5*, Jose L. CanónPrieto1, Hugh W. Pritchard2, Yu Tu2,
Hongying Chen2, Raquel Folgado3, Max
Winkeljohn4, Valerie Pence4.
1 University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain. 2 Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany,
China. 3 The Huntington Library, Art Museum, andBotanical Gardens, San Marino-California, USA. 4
Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, USA. 5 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. *daniel.
ballesteros@uv.es.
Oak (Quercus spp.) seeds are not conserved forthe long-term in any conventional seed bank due
to their recalcitrance: their sensitivity to drying andfreezing. While important efforts are put in cryopreservation research of diverse plant tissues, the implementation of these high-tech approaches is still
very limited. Hence, no back-up copy exists of thegenetic diversity of most oak species in the world.
One route to immediately strengthen oak conservation is to establish a pollen bank. Pollen of a few
oak species tolerate drying and freezing. If these attributes are shared among all species reported, abank of dry pollen would be a low-tech method forthe long-term conservation of paternal lines within oak species. The “Global Oak Pollen Bank” (GOPB),
funded by the International Oak Society, aims to:(1) conduct basic research on stress tolerance andlongevity in a diversity of oaks, and (2) create thefirst pollen bank for oak species from a global perspective. We aim to collect, research and bank pollen from at least 50 oak species in a global context,
including 10 of the most endangered taxa in someof the most important oak hotspots. So far, we havefound that pollen from all species tested (4 from USA,4 from China and 5 from Spain) tolerate drying up

P.0305 Unlocking seedfunctional trait diversity
and stress resilienceof trees to enhance exsitu conservation using
cryobiotechnology
Namrata Pradhan1, Anne Visscher1, Louise
Colville1
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom.
The world’s forests are under threat and 30% of theworld’s trees are at risk of extinction. Whilst in situ
conservation is key to the protection of species andecosystems, ex situ conservation provides an insurance policy against biodiversity loss when climatechange, habitat destruction and geopolitical instability threaten in situ conservation efforts. The Global Tree Seed Bank: Unlocked programme is working
with partners in Africa, South America, Europe/Caucasus, Australasia and Asia to conserve tree seeds
and restore diverse forest areas. Within this programme our research is addressing the challengeof conserving tree species that cannot be preservedin conventional seed banks because their seeds do
not survive drying (recalcitrant) or their seeds areshort-lived in seed bank storage at -20°C. For these“exceptional species” alternative methods for longterm ex situ conservation using cryobiotechnology
must be developed. This requires an in depth understanding of the response of plant cells and tissues to170

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desiccation and low temperature stress to optimise
their survival and recovery following cryopreservation. This three-year project will build upon previous
research to deliver: (1) Greater understanding of tree
seed stress tolerance to identify species requiring
cryopreservation for their long-term ex situ conservation; (2) successful cryopreservation of tree seeds
and pollen in The Kew Cryobank; (3) enhanced
knowledge of the stress resilience of tree seeds andseedlings and the interacting effects of maternal
environment and cryopreservation on post-storage
recovery and stress tolerance; (4) Sharing and dissemination of research findings through publications, presentations at conferences, and delivery ofa training course on the cryopreservation of trees.
Through advancing our understanding of the cryopreservation and post-storage recovery of tree species we will establish effective cryobiotechnologicalapproaches for the long-term ex situ conservationof trees to protect against biodiversity loss and provide options for forest restoration in the future.

tivity). This difficulty has been overcome for various
plant species through the storage of their tissues
in liquid nitrogen (cryopreservation); however, various incident factors must be examined to develop
successful protocols in oak species. In this study,
we have investigated the effect of seed maturity of
Q. ilex and the provenance of seeds of Q. suber on
post-thaw survival after cryopreservation. In both
species, we have also compared the effect of using
cryoprotectant solutions, such as PVS3 or glycerol
alone. The responsiveness of embryonic axes excised and partially dried ultra-fast for different times
and exposed to liquid nitrogen with or without applying cryoprotectant solutions was evaluated after
six weeks of in-vitro culture. The central hypothesisis that the maturity stage and the latitudinal location of wild populations could be associated withdifferent tolerance to desiccation and low temperatures, exhibiting different aptitudes to tolerate cryopreservation protocols. The approach of this study
increases the knowledge of factors associated withcryopreservation success for these important recalcitrant species.

P.0306 Effect of maturity,
provenance, and the useof cryoprotectant solutions
on the cryopreservationof Quercus suber andQuercus ilex

P.0307 Conservation of
a rare medicinal plantThottea siliquosa (Lamk.)
Ding Hou through indirectorganogenesis

Ana Fernández T.1, Daniel Ballesteros2,3

Thomas Thuruthiyil, Dennis1

1 Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago,
Chile. 2 Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain. 3
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom.

1 Department of Plant science, Central University of
Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
Thottea siliquosa (Lamk.) Ding Hou is a rare medicinal shrub belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae.
It is distributed in the Western Ghats region of peninsular India and Sri Lanka. The root of this plant is used
for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, fever, stomach-ache and as an antidote to snakes and scorpion bites. Roots of Thottea siliquosa were excisedfrom in vitro grown shoots and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators and the optimum callus induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l
Kinetin (KN) and 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2, 4- D). Here, 93% cultures produced calli withgood proliferation rate. The calli were multiplied andmaintained on MS medium supplemented with 0.5
mg/l 2, 4-D. For shoot organogenesis, the calli were
subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5

Quercus is a large, widespread and important tree
genus in the north hemisphere. However, anthropicintervention and biotic and abiotic stress associated with climate change added to a poor regenerative capacity, maintain various Quercus species
seriously threatened with extinction. For example,
the oak decline syndrome (aka “la seca”) is a global phenomenon with a high impact on some Iberian oaks, like Q. ilex and Q. suber. Conserving thegenetic diversity housed in the wide geographicaldistribution of these species is crucial, particularly to secure genotypes resistant to this syndrome.
Whether for ecological, economic or socioculturalinterest, the ex-situ conservation of Quercus species has attracted particular attention worldwide,
which comes up against the difficulty imposed byits seeds’ recalcitrant nature (i.e., desiccation sensi-

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shoots were carefully removed from culture vials
and washed thoroughly to remove agar and transferred to paper cups containing autoclaved garden
soil: organic manure: cocopeat in the ratio 1:1:1 andkept in a plant growth chamber for acclimatization.
Overall 93% plants survived during acclimatization.
The acclimatized plants were eventually transferred
to field. The protocol standardized here could be utilized for the efficient propagation of this rare medicinal plant.

mg/l N6–Benzyladenine (BA) and 0.2 mg/l α-Naphthaleneacetic (NAA). On this medium 100% cultures
responded with a mean number of 20.3 shoots perunit calli. The small shoots were isolated and subcultures on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA
for shoot elongation. The shoots measuring a lengthof about 1.5-2.0 cm were excised and cultured on
half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0
mg/l Indole- 3-butyric acid (IBA) for root induction.
Here, an optimum 90% cultures responding with amean number of 20.8 roots per shoot. The rooted

S.041. CULTIVATED PLANT TAXONOMY:BRIDGING THE DIVIDE
P.0308 Taxonomic
implications of somefoliar organic compounds
in selected Capsicum L.
species.

ed gave useful insights into the INC of the genus, as
their combinations were sufficiently diagnostic of thespecies, as evidenced by the artificial keys. Taxonomic
status was successfully clarified in the members of thegenus Capsicum L. in Nigeria with relation to the distribution of their fruit capsaicin content (FCC), similar to
those reported for morphology and phytochemicals in
Capsicum. However, the challenge of vague infrageneric boundaries had only been partially resolved in
the Nigerian Capsicum spp. studied.

Adeyinka O. Adepoju1, Abiola G. FemiAdepoju2
1 Research Institute for Innovations, African Methodist Episcopal University, Monrovia, Liberia. 2 Biology Department, African Methodist Episcopal University, Monrovia, Liberia.

P.0309 Potential ofmaternally inherited
genomes in conservation
genetics of crop wild
relatives: Olea europaea L.
as a case study

The Nigerian Capsicum L. varieties and species areclosely related so much that there has been some
confusion among different taxonomists on their taxonomic status. The focus of this study was to investigate
the taxonomic position of members of theCapsicum L.
genus in Nigeria so as to evaluate the genetic discrepancies and closeness between them to shed somelight on their identification and the infrageneric classification (INC) of the genus as well. Seeds of five cultivars of Capsicum spp., collected from various sources
and authenticated, were regenerated and nurtured to
fruiting. Variations in their foliar organic compounds
were identified quantitatively using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS). 16 organic chemical characters were compiled for Capsicum. The
cultivars of each genus were hierarchically clusteredas operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using squared
Euclidean distance computed through PASTatistics
software (Ward’s method). Artificial keys were also
constructed for the identification of the species in thegenus. The categories of chemical characters adopt-Andrés Barea Márquez1, Rafael Rubio deCasas1, Miguel G. Ximenez-Embun1, Carlos
García-Verdugo1, Guillaume Besnard2
1 Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. 2 Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
Crop wild relatives (CWRs) represent a unique reservoirof genetic and phenotypic diversity. In particular, the socalled “pool one” CWRs (those related to crops at the intra-specific level) are of increasing interest to breeders
as reservoirs of genes and traits of interest. CWRs arethus crucial to prevent genetic erosion & increase crop
resilience, especially in the context of global change.

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However, to date, there are very few programmes andstrategies specifically aimed at the conservation andmanagement of CWRs. Population genetics and phylogeography have proven useful in informing conservation strategies and defining conservation units and can
improve CWR conservation efforts by highlighting wild
populations that may harbour genetic resources thatare not included in the cultivated pool. However, crops
and their intra-specific wild counterparts often haveoverlapping distributions. As they are interfertile, continuous admixture poses challenges in accurately discerning genuine CWRs from feral plants. Cytoplasmic
genomes, such as plastomes and mitogenomes, aregenerally of exclusive maternal inheritance and therefore provide a strong and reliable phylogeographic
signal. This makes them useful for identifying potentiallyuntapped genetic resources or distinguishing between
genuinely wild and feral populations. Here, we present a
new phylogeny of the Olea europaea complex basedon complete plastomes and mitogenomes, which supports previous hypotheses and helps to describe thecomplex evolutionary history of this species. We also
discuss the potential of maternally inherited genomes
to inform conservation measures and present a practical case integrating plastome-based phylogeography
with eco-geographic approaches to establish a network of conservation sites for this taxon. Our methodology could be potentially applied to any other taxonof interest and combines genetic and ecological/agronomic criteria to prioritize in-situ preservation of wild
diversity.

P.0310 Sakurab season:on the peculiar floweringand proper identification ofAllium chinense G.Don in thePhilippines

nificance and long history of cultivation, its non-flowering had hampered appropriate attribution to this crop
species. Hence, herein is presented the first documentation of complete inflorescence and flower development of Allium chinense G.Don in the Philippines alongwith the observed peculiarities in comparison with published descriptions especially of cultivars documented
in major cultivation areas. The ex situ conserved accession collected from Marawi conformed with the generaldimensions of the inflorescence and floral parts, especially with the conspicuous exsertion or filaments andstyle but exhibited noteworthy distinctiveness. Contrary
to the usual unpredictability, regularity in flowering wasnotable, initiating from the onset of the northeast monsoon and coinciding with the fall flowering in California
and Japan. The development of multiple long teeth
crowding both sides of the filament base is of particularinterest since the character had long been regarded as
variable but proved significant in the sectional classification of the subgenus Cepa. Most importantly, the potential of this accession to develop secondary umbels
is a first to be reported in the genus Allium. This suit ofcharacters provided compelling evidence and support
for the recent molecular identification of this crop as A.
chinense and settle the longstanding misapplication ofvarious taxon names following its nomenclatural history of obscurity. Likewise, this discovery puts the Philippines to the map of the regions of introduction and cultivation and offers substantial insight into the disputed
domestication history of the species and put forward
the proper classification of the different cultivars andstrains along with their phylogenetic relationships andtracing of possible natural hybridization events.

P.0311 Evolutionary history of
the Allium ampeloprasum
L. complex and related
horticultural groups
evidenced by karyologicaland molecular data

Michael Cedric B. Bartolome1, Renerio P.
Gentallan Jr.1, Kristine Joyce O. Quiñones1,
Teresita H. Borromeo1, Juan Rodrigo A.
Vera Cruz1, Emmanuel Bonifacio S. Timog2

Thinhinan Khedim1
1 Departement of Biology and Physiology of Organismes, BPO Laboratory. University of Sciences andTechnology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria.

1 Institute of Crop Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 2 Department
of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Japanese scallions (Rakkyō), commonly known in thesouthern Philippines as sakurab or sibujing, is a minor
crop frequently overlooked both in terms of economic
potential and taxonomic identity. Despite its cultural sig-

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The Allium ampeloprasum L. polyploid complex, comprising hexa- and octoploid horticultural cultivars (6x8x) and several traditional tetraploid varieties (4x),represents an economically relevant group. This study
aims to explore the diversity and origin of polyploidy

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Poster presentationsin this complex with particular focus on its poorly investigated North-African wild representatives. Natural
populations were sampled in contrasted bioclimatic
sites, then subjected to karyological and molecularanalysis based on nuclear rDNA ITS region and chloroplast trnL−trnF and trnD−trnT intergenic spacers.
Comparative phylogenetic analyses were performed
with available Genbank accession sequences representing old-world relatives. The results proved original
data on the geographical distribution of the wild diploid (2n = 16) and polyploid (2n = 32) Algerian populations and new insights on their relationships andsystematic position. The study provides novel and robust evidence demonstrating that the North African A.
ampeloprasum genetic pool widely contributed as asource of progenitors in the formation of the GHG and
Leek cultivated allopolyploids. Consequently, the North
African populations emerge as an important reservoirof new wild genetic resources for tracing the originof crop domestication and for breeding programs of
cultivated varieties.

P.0312 Wild fruit andnut species in the living
collection of the Armenian
biodiversity information andeducation centre
Anush A. Nersesyan1
1 Institute of Botany after A. Takhtajyan of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia.
The flora of Armenia is very rich in wild crop relatives. Armenian Biodiversity Information and Education Centre (Ecoepicenter) of the A. Takhtajyan Institute of Botany NAS RA conducts research, ex situ
conservation and educational activities. The living
collection of the Ecoepicenter exhibits several models of different vegetation types and landscapes ofArmenia. Wild fruit and nut species of the Collection
are represented by: wild pear, Pyrus caucasica, P.
gergerana (endemic to Armenia; globally CR), P. hajastana (endemic to Armenia; globally EN), P. salicifolia, P. sosnovskyi (endemic to Armenia; globally EN),
P. tamamschiannae (globally EN); almond, Prunus
fenzliana, wild cherry, Prunus incana, P. mahaleb;plum, Prunus cerasifera subsp. divaricata; hawthorn,
Crataegus pontica; Caucasian persimmon, Diospyros lotus; apple-tree Malus orientalis; common
medlar, Mespilus germanica; European bird cherry,
Prunus padus; wild rose, Rosa boissieri, R. canina,

R. hemisphaerica, R. pulverulenta, R. spinosissima;raspberry: Rubus idaeus; mountain-ash and rowan,
Aria orbiculata, Hedlundia luristanica, H. roopiana,
Sorbus aucuparia, S. hajastana, Torminalis glaberrima; common barberry, Berberis vulgaris; corneliancherry, Cornus mas; wild cobnut and hazelnut, Corylus avellana, C. colurna; oleaster, Elaeagnus angustifolia; sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides; wild
fig, Ficus carica; gooseberry, Ribes uva-crispa subsp. uva-crispa; currant, Ribes alpinum, R. orientale;common walnut, Juglans regia; pomegranate Punica granatum; wild pistachio tree, Pistacia atlantica
subsp. mutica; black elder, Sambucus nigra; common bladdernut, Staphylea pinnata. Five species
are included in the Red Data Book of Armenia (2010).
A.Takhtajyan Institute of Botany’s partnership to the
HORIZON EUROPE FRUITDIV Project 10113396 supported
by EU will promote further development of the collection. The knowledge, observations and data obtained through establishment and maintenance ofwild fruit and nut species at the Ecoepicenter will be
used in the framework of the Project.

P.0313 Morphometrics
and phylogenomics ofthe cultural keystone crop
coca (Erythroxylum spp.)
illuminate challenges to its
taxonomy
Natalia A. S. Przelomska1,2,3, Rudy A. Diaz2,
Fabio Andrés Ávila4, Gustavo A. Ballen5,
Rocío Cortés-B6, Logan Kistler3, Daniel
H. Chitwood7, Martha Charitonidou8,
Susanne S. Renner9, Oscar A. PérezEscobar2, Alexandre Antonelli2,10,11
1 University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 3 National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington DC, USA. 4 The New York Botanical
Garden, New York, USA. 5 Queen Mary University of
London, London, UK. 6 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia. 7 Michigan
State University, East Lansing, USA. 8 University of
Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. 9 Washington University, Saint Louis, USA. 10 Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg,
Sweden. 11 University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
South American coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense) has been a keystone crop for many
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8,000 years. However, over the last half century, global
demand for cocaine has placed this plant in the centre of armed conflict, deforestation and the explosionof illicit economies. While national and international
agencies progress from a ‘war on drugs’ policy model
towards locally appropriate, data-informed strategies
to tackle coca plantations, monitoring their expansion and composition remains essential. The principalmeans to identify coca plants is leaf morphology, yet
the extent to which this is reflected in taxonomy is uncertain. Here, we analyse the consistency of the current naming system of coca and its four closest wild
relatives (the ‘coca clade’), using morphometrics, phylogenomics, and population genomics. We include thename-bearing type specimens of coca’s closest wild
relatives E. gracilipes and E. cataractarum. Morphometrics of 342 digitized herbarium specimens showthat leaf shape and size fail to reliably discriminate
between species and varieties. However, the rounderand more obovate leaves of certain coca varieties
could be associated with domestication syndrome ofthis crop. Our phylogenomic data indicate gene flow
involving monophyletic clades of E. gracilipesand theE. cocaclade. These results add to our understanding of the evolution of coca and support a taxonomic
framework where in E. gracilipesis retained as a single
species. Our findings underscore idiosyncratic challenges to the classification of cultivated plants which
are situated on a domestication spectrum yet requirea reliable naming system. Once this is clearly established for coca, more complex scenarios can be tackled, namely effectively discriminating varieties of cultural significance from high-yielding cultivars that fuelthe lucrative cocaine market.

P.0314 Hybridization
between geneticallydifferentiated lineagesof Juncus decipiens
contributed to the origin of
Tatami-mat cultivars

each having nodes exclusively at an inflorescence
node along the stem. In Japan, several cultivars were
specifically developed for tatami mats and have beencommercially cultivated. These cultivars were initiallyderived from domestic varieties, which were probably
chosen from natural populations during the ancientage. To infer the origin of these cultivars, we conducted biogeographic analysis for J. decipiens using genome-wide MIG-seq SNP (Multiplexed ISSR Genotyping
by sequencing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) dataon samples obtained from wild populations across its
distribution range. As a result, we found three genetically differentiated lineages in J. decipiens in Japanand revealed that the cultivars have been derived fromhybridization between two of them. Although the twolineages presumed to be the parents of the cultivars
are sometimes sympatric in the western part of Japan,
the genetic structure of the populations suggests limited natural crossbreeding. Therefore, they might be reproductively isolated to some extent. As a material fortatami mats, longer stems without inflorescence nodes
are preferred. Perhaps due to incomplete reproductive
isolation, hybrids between the two lineages may produce fewer flowers, resulting in longer stems without
inflorescence nodes. It is plausible that ancient people
favored such hybrids and cultivated them to develop
the cultivars used in tatami production.

P.0315 Prospectives forsustainable use of peonies
in Bulgaria
Christina Stoycheva1, Daniela Batovska2,
Ekaterina Kozuharova1
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria. 2
Institute of Engineering Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia Bulgaria.

Nana Goto1, Kumiko Kihara2, Akiko
Soejima1
1 Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan 2 National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College,
Kumamoto, Japan.
The tatami, a straw mat unique to Japan, is one of the
distinctive and representative elements of Japaneseculture. It is made of long stems of Juncus decipiens,

The genus, Paeonia L., consists of approximately 35
species. Peonies are famous as ornamental plants.
They are also well-known medicinal plants, being
part of the traditional medicine of different nations,and also used in alternative medicine. Several Paeonia species and hybrids have been widely used as
traditional Chinese medicinal materials for more than
2,000 years in the treatment of cardiovascular, extravasated blood and female genital diseases. In Europe,
for medicinal purposes, are popular Paeonia officinalis
L and P. peregrina Mill. Native to Bulgaria are P. peregrina Mill., P. tenuifolia L. and P. mascula (L.) Mill., the lasttwo being protected by the Bulgarian Biodiversity Act.
For P. peregrina, every year, the Ministry of Environment

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Poster presentationsand Water of Bulgaria determines the quantity (in kg)
permitted for collecting. Since the petals and roots ofP. peregrina are objects of commercial interest in Bulgaria, this study summarizes the hazards for the wild
populations. A review of the secondary metabolites
and biological activity of Bulgarian peonies is offeredin comparison to their relatives and hybrids. Also, thepossibilities for cultivation are discussed.

P.0316 Polyploidy, genome
size variation, andhybridization in ornamental
taxa of Spiraea (Rosaceae)
Lucie Němcová1, Radim J. Vašut1
1 Department of Botany, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
The genus Spiraea (Rosaceae), consisting of about
100 species distributed throughout the northernhemisphere, is best known for its great horticulturalvalue. The popularity of small shrubs covered withtiny flowers dates back to the 16th century in Europe. In addition to natural taxa, many hybrids havesince appeared in cultivation. The origin of such hybrids is usually inferred from morphology, but evidence of parentage is lacking. We therefore tested

two approaches to shed more light on the origin of
cultivated Spiraea taxa: i) to reveal the variation inploidy level between species and their cultivars using the flow cytometry (FC), and ii) to pilot test theapplicability of genome-wide DArTseq markers on 3
cultivars of putative (so far unknown) hybrid origin.
Of the more than 50 taxa tested by FC, the majority of them were diploid, similar to species in related
genera (Petrophytum, Physocarpus, etc.); American
species were often tetraploid and several (mostly Asian) taxa were hexaploid; only one species (S.
humilis) was confirmed to be octoploid; basic chromosome number in the genus is x = 9. Cultural hybrids were mostly confirmed to be intermediate between the expected parents, and odd ploidy levels
were also confirmed (3x and 5x). Several controversial genome size values have been confirmed bycounting chromosomes from mitotic spreads (e.g.
S. decumbens or odd ploidy level hybrids). Genetic identification of parentage for 3 putative hybrids
was challenging due to high differences in ploidy
level, however we identified two new groups of hybrids with apparently spontaneous hybridisation (S.
betulifolia × S. nipponica and S. nipponica × S. ×vanhouttei). We present here an overview of the ploidy level variation of over 50 Spiraea taxa cultivatedin Europe and give an opinion on the parentage ofsome hybrid cultivars.

S.042. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BORAGINALES
P.0317 First draft genomesof two Echium species(Boraginaceae) endemic to
the Canary Islands
Ji-Hyeon Jeon1, Ui-Chan Jung1, J. Alfredo
Reyes-Betancort2, Arnoldo SantosGuerra3, Seung-Chul Kim1
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. 2 Jardínde Aclimatación de La Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Puerto de la Cruz,
Tenerife, Spain. 3 Calle Guaidil 16, 38280 Tegueste,
Tenerife, Spain.
Oceanic islands represent a high level of endemism
biodiversity in plant species, derived by rapid species
divergence based on its geographic isolation andvarious ecological niches. The microenvironment
in isolated islands allows pioneer species to adapt
and evolve with phenotypic changes and increased
fitness. The Canary Islands, the oceanic volcanic islands of the North Atlantic, have a large number ofendemic flowering plants (ca. 40%) as a result of theirgeological age range (1 to 21 Myr) and geographicalproximity to Africa. Owing to their high level of endemism, the Canary Islands contribute greatly to studies on the origin and evolution of island plants. Understanding genomic variation and its mechanisms
along species divergence and adaptive radiation
can elucidate the molecular and genetic bases of
evolution and species differences. Mechanisms ofparallel or adaptive evolution in plant species radiation have been poorly understood. Leveraging
rapid development in genome-wide sequencing
technologies, genomes in various plant species are
increasingly unveiled, allowing evolutionary studies
in depth. Of the genus Echium (Boraginaceae), 28

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species are recognized in Macaronesia, including
the Canary Islands, representing spectacular variation in their phenotypes, ecologies, plant habits andduration shaped by adaptive radiation. As the ideal
models to understand evolutionary radiations, wesequenced, assembled, and annotated draft genomes of two Echium species endemic to the Canary Islands, herbaceous annual-biennial Echiumbonnetii and rosette-forming perennial monocarpic
E. wildpretii, for the first time. The first draft genomesof the Canarian Echium species will elucidate thegenomic evolution and genetic bases of phenotypicand ecological variation derived by adaptive radiation in oceanic islands. This preliminary study will
be a stepping stone to further understandings on
evolution of Echium species on the Canary Islands,
including insular woodiness.

in Turkey, and to re-evaluate the taxonomic status, of especially of the subspecies of O. luciliae by
investigating multiple populations. We obtained
DNA sequences of both ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and plastid rps16
genes from the different populations collected in
Turkey. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were calculated using both markers
separately. Incongruities were observed between
two hypothetical evolutionary trees based on different data sets. Regarding the ribosomal dataset, the genus generated a monophyletic clade
while based on rps16, many species were polytomously positioned within segregated genera.
In both data sets, the different populations of O.
ripleyana formed a monophyletic clade. The phylogenetic relationships based on the ITS data set
reveal that O. davisiana which is known as a local
endemic extends along Anatolian Diagonal. The
populations of O. luciliae susbp. scopulorum forma monophyletic clade and this clade is sister tothe lineage containing all other subspecies of O.
luciliae. Our study displays that O. luciliae subsp.
scopulorum should be accepted as a species.

P.0318 Phylogenetic
contributions to thegenus Omphalodes(Cynoglosseae s.l.) with thetaxa distributed in Turkey

P.0319 Discovering theunsuspected diversity helps
to support Antiphytum(Boraginaceae) as an
American amphitropicalgenus

Aslı Doğru-Koca1*, Golshan Zare2, Nilay
Şen1, Gül Ayyıldız3
1 Plant Conservation and Phylogeny Lab., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Pharmaceutical Botany,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey. 3 Laboratory for Microbiology and Process
Engineering, Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal ResearchCentre for Cultivated Plants, Dossenheim, Germany.

Nidia Mendoza-Díaz1, Hilda Flores-Olvera2,
Marina Díaz3, José M. Bonifacino3, Michael
J. Moore4, Helga Ochoterena2, Daniel
Piñero1

Recently, distant lineages have been separated
from the genus Omphalodes named as Nihon,
Memoremea, Iberodes, Mimophytum. Thus, thegenus Omphalodes has been delimited with thetaxa distributed in Western Eurasia, Iran, Iraq, andPakistan. However, there is no information on thephylogenetic position of O. heterophylla, endemic
to Pakistan; O. kusnezowii, native to Transcaucasia;
O. luciliae subsp. kurdica, distributed in Turkey Iranand Iraq; and O. davisiana and O. luciliae subsp.
cilicica, endemic to Turkey. There are 5 species, 9taxa in Turkey. O. luciliae has five subspecies. The
recently published O. nedimeae was described in
the Taurus Mountains, which constitutes the general distribution area of O. luciliae and its subspecies. The aim of this study was to reveal theevolutionary relationships of the taxa distributed

1 Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México. 2 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, Ciudad de Mexico, México. 3 Laboratorio de
Botánica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad dela República, Montevideo, Uruguay. 4 Departmentof Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, USA.
The Americas are an important source of endemic
taxa in Boraginaceae, although its greatest diversity is concentrated in Asia and Europe. In the region,
North America houses most of the genera sharedwith the Old World, as well as the largest number of
species from the New World endemic genera. However, the South American species are key to prop-177

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erly understand the evolution of Boraginaceae. The
American putative amphitropical Antiphytum DC. ex
Meisn. is a great example of how basic taxonomic
research is mandatory to address efforts to understand phylogenetic relationships and diversity patterns. The genus has been proposed either as having
a disjunct distribution in North and South America, or
the North American species have been segregated into a different genus, Amblynotopsis J.F.Macbr.
Lacking an adequate sampling of the species andpopulations during many years obscured all efforts
to solve this issue. Our research is the first to carryout intensive field work, careful morphological studies and molecular phylogenies including South andNorth American taxa. We described three new species and resurrect one taxon, recognizing in total 13
species in Antiphytum. The North and South American species share a most recent common ancestor, although the relationships of the South American clade with the two North American clades areunresolved. Nevertheless, we support Antiphytum
as a genus due to the morphological mosaic revealed with the discovery of A. charruasorum. This
Uruguayan new species noticeable shares the whiteflowers with the North American taxa and challenges the previous segregation. Our research increases
the known diversity in South America to four species.
Likewise, in North America our study increased the
known diversity to nine species. With this example,
we highlight the need for further efforts on basic taxonomy to achieve a thorough understanding of the
Echiochiloideae classification and evolution.

still gaps in the knowledge of their taxonomic diversity and geographical distribution in several countries in this region, especially in Central America. In
this perspective, this work includes the taxonomic study of Heliotropiaceae in Honduras; a Central
American country still poorly known floristically thathas 112,492 km2 and encompasses six main typesof forests ecosystems. Morphological analyzes involved collections housed at regional physical herbaria (TEFH) and virtual North American (MO, NY) andEuropean herbaria (K, P). Taxonomic determinations
were based on nomenclatural types, protologues
and other bibliographies (classical and modern).
Three genera and 21 species were recorded: Euploca filiformis (Lehm.) J.I.M. Melo & Semir, E. humilis (L.)
Feuillet, E. lagoensis (Warm.) Diane & Hilger, E. procumbens (Mill.) Diane & Hilger; Heliotropium acutiflorum (M. Martens & Galeotti) J.I.M. Melo*, H. angiospermum Murray, H. angustiflorum (Ruiz & Páv.)
Govaerts, H. cuspidatum (Kunth) Feuillet, H. funkiae
Feuillet, H. glabrum (L.) Feuillet, H. gnaphalodes L., H.
indicum L., H. luebertii (Standl.) J.I.M. Melo*, H. macrostachyum (DC.) Hemsl., H. mutabilis (Vent.) J.I.M.
Melo*, H. rufipilum I.M. Johnst., H. transalpinum Vell., H.
umbellatum (Kunth) J.I.M. Melo*, H. verdcourtii Craven; Myriopus maculatus (Jacq.) Feuillet, M. volubilis(L.) Small. Additionally, four new combinations areproposed under Heliotropium*, Heliotropium luebertii constituting a new record for the Honduran flora.
Keys to genera and species, distribution, flowering
and/or fruiting data, as well as notes on taxonomic
affinities of the species are presented.

P.0320 An overview
of the knowledge
of Heliotropiaceae(Boraginales) in Honduras

P.0321 Diversityand distribution of
Heliotropiaceae(Boraginales) in Paraíba
state, Brazilian Northeastern

José I.M. Melo1

José I.M. Melo1

1 Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina
Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
Heliotropiaceae belongs to the order Boraginales
including four genera: Euploca, Heliotropium, Ixhorea
and Myriopus, and approximately 500 species. It encompasses predominantly herbaceous with several
shrubby and climbing plants especially characterized by having a highly specialized stigmatic head;
distributed especially in tropical and subtropicalzones in arid, semi-arid or coastal habitats. Despite
the recent efforts to document the representativeness of Heliotropiaceae in the Neotropics, there are

1 Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina
Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) includes four genera (Euploca, Heliotropium, Ixhorea and Myriopus)
and approximately 500 species predominantly herbaceous including shrubby and climbing
representatives, distributed in tropical and subtropical zones especially associated to arid andsemi-arid environments. In Brazil, several taxonomic studies were developed on this family in

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the last 25 years, especially for the Northeast andSoutheast regions. However, there are still gaps in
the knowledge of its taxonomic diversity and geographical distribution in several Brazilian states
and regions. In this scenario, this work presents
the taxonomic study of Heliotropiaceae in Paraíba, a state that has 56,585 km2 encompassing thephytogeographic domains of the Caatinga andAtlantic Forest, located in Brazilian Northeast region. Morphological analyzes were carried out oncollections housed in regional (CSTR, EAN, HACAM,
IPA, JPB) and national (RB) physical herbaria andAmerican virtual (MO, NY) and Brazilian Virtual Herbarium (Reflora), complemented by field studies
to collects and observations of natural populations. For identifications, protologues, nomenclatural types and bibliography available for SouthAmerica were examined, when necessary. Three
genera and fifteen species were recorded: Euploca, with six species (E. fruticosa, E. humilis, E. lagoensis, E. paradoxa, E. polyphylla and E. procumbens); Heliotropium, with five (H. angiospermum,
H. curassavicum, H. elongatum, H. funkiae and H.
indicum) and Myriopus, with four species (M. andrade-limae, M. candidulus, M. rubicundus and M.
salzmannii). H. angiospermum, H. elongatum andE. procumbens are the most widely distributed in
Paraíba, and E. fruticosa, the most restricted, constitutes the first record for the study area. Keys togenera and species, distribution, flowering and/or
fruiting data as well as comments on taxonomic
relationships based on vegetative and reproductive characters of the species are presented.

P.0322 Boraginales in Gabon
Erik Simons1
1 Tropical Botany research group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
In the Flore du Gabon volume 57, the Boraginales
were treated under the family Boraginaceae sensu
lato. This group, which is mainly represented in partsof the world with drier climates, is represented byonly a small number of species in Gabon, a country
with a tropical wet climate largely covered by rainforest. In Gabon a total of 9 species are present, divided in 5 genera. Research on herbarium materialof the tree genus Cordia yielded a new species: C.
letestui. This genus now contains 4 species in Gabon, 2 of which are endemic to Gabon and southern
Cameroon. Two other woody species found in Gabon are Ehretia cymosa and Hoplestigma klainea-

num; the latter species is probably very rare and indanger of extinction. Three herbaceous species arepresent in Gabon. Of the genus Heliotropium only
the cosmopolitan H. indicum is present. Two other herbaceous species that were previously in thisgenus now fall under the genus Euploca. It can beconcluded that Boraginales are not strongly represented in Gabon in terms of numbers of species,
but that a number of woody species do occur thatare endemic and possibly endangered. Further research on this group in lowland rainforests in neighbouring countries is needed and could might reveal
additional new species.

P.0323 Contribution to
genus Cynoglossum
species (Boraginaceae) in
the Mediterranean part of
the Middle East
Karel Sutorý1
1 Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic.
The genus Cynoglossum in the Middle East (Syria,
Lebanon, and Israel) is not as rich in species as it
is on the neighboring Anatolian peninsula. Somesources only mention the presence of Cynoglossum creticum Mill. and some add another taxon
either under the name C. nebrodense Guss. or
C. montanum L. Neither of them could be foundin the discussed area. C. nebrodense, describedfrom Sicily, grows besides southern Italy also in
Greece and Turkey. The range of C. montanum isdispersed from Spain up to north-western Turkey.
The study of herbarium material has shown a new
taxon (proposed name Cynoglossum levanticum)with a distribution range limited to Mt Lebanon
and Mt Antilebanon mountain ridges in the eastern part of the Mediterranean.The distribution of
C. levanticum is determined by temperature andprecipitation. It is distributed in the narrow warm
temperate zone with dry and warm summers
amidst arid zones on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

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S.043. CYCADS AS EMERGING MODELS IN
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND SYMBIOSIS
P.0324 First record of plantanimal interactions with
the Dioon edule complex in
the Sierra Madre Oriental,
MexicoP.0325 Geographic match offruit-scented cone volatilecompositions with genetic
boundary in Cycas revoluta
Jui-Tse Chang1,2*, Tsung-Chen Lee3, Anna
K. Valchanova2, 4, Tomoko Okamoto5, PeiChun Liao1, Yudai Okuyama2*

David Balderas1, Laura Yañez2
1 Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de San
Luis Potosí, Mexico. 2 Instituto de Investigación deZonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San
Luis Potosí, Mexico.
The Dioon edule complex encompasses the sister
species Dioon edule Lindl. And Dioon angustifolium Miq. Both are endemic plants of Mexico, whosefragmented populations are distributed in the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO). A widespread belief
attributes the toxicity of cycads to the non-existence of wildlife interactions with their seeds and,
therefore, their dispersal to abiotic factors. It was
unknown which species were capable of preying
on and dispersing their seeds. The ecological roleof wildlife is essential since it modifies the structure, diversity, and functioning of habitats sincethese can achieve a connection between D. edule populations and thus avoid genetic problems.
This study was carried out in the subprovince of
the Gran Sierra Plegada in the SMO, in the states of
Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí, where
we sampled six sites, characterizing the population structure of D. Edule in two 1000m transects. In
addition, we used D. edule seed baits as olfactory
stations recording with camera traps and animal
tracks 21 species of mammals and birds that interacted with the seeds. We assigned the role ofpredator or disperser to each species. The α andβ diversity indices show that sites share few species. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showsthat 71.23% of 854 seeds were removed in 10 days.
The birds and mammals were the most important
species in the interaction with the propagules ofD. edule. Finally, we determined that plant-animal
interactions are one of the factors that modulate
the structure of the D. edule complex populations.

1 Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan. 2 Department of
Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
Tsukuba, Japan. 3 School of Forestry and Resource
Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
4. Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate
School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
5. Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Faculty of Applied
Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential
for plant communication with other species. Population chemical diversity across space hence influences their evolution and ecological interactions
with local biological community. Cycads are oneof renown gymnosperm with insect pollinations.
Among the two families, while VOC study has been
focused on Zamiaceae for its specialized pollination
systems, there is a crucial need for Cycadaceae
research due to stronger connections with insects
than we thought before. Cycas revoluta Thunb. isideal for cone scent geographic variations study
due to the identified beetle pollinator, widespread
distribution, and abundant populations comparedto most other cycads. Also, previously reported genetic boundary raised the need to clarify its correlation with cone VOC variations to know underlying
evolution mechanism. Here, we aim to know whether the cone scent VOCs match the genetic boundary, and their chemical composition difference between sexes. Using the solid-phase microextraction(SPME), we collected cone VOCs in both sexes traversing the genetic boundary. Among 29 individuals across three islands, the results demonstrated
match of VOC profile with genetic boundary, showing statistically different and stronger VOCs difference between genetic boundary compared to otherisland comparisons. Further, the fruit-scented cone
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season of sympatric Pandanus odorifer enable theoperation of mimicry by frugivory beetle pollinatorssuch as Carpophilus and Epuraea reported before.
Considering the widespread generalist pollinatorin East Asia, the match of genetic boundary withcone chemo-variations would be mainly selectively
neutral rather than pollinator-mediated selection.
Our study is the first to reveal geographic match ofchemical scent variations with genetic boundary incycads and pave the way to study on ecological interactions with antagonist and mutualist across thegenetic boundary.

nitrogen fixers in cycads. In addition, we provide
comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic
evidence of the impact of elevated temperature incycads. Our studies pave the way to further workon the role of the microbes inhabiting cycad phyllosphere and potential responses to future climatic scenarios.

P.0327 Importance ofmesophyll conductancein shaping photosynthetic
performance in 34
structurally diverse cycad
species

P.0326 Genomics andmetabolomics of the cycad
microbial phyllosphereJesamine J. Rikisahedew1*, Tiina Tosens1,
Ülo Niinemets1,2

Juan Carlos Villarreal Aguilar1, Lilisbeth
Rodríguez2, Adriel Sierra1, Marta Vargas3,
Rita Bethancourt4, Ariadna Bethancourt4,
Marta Alonso García1, Brian Sedio5, Kristin
Saltonstall3

1 Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu,
Estonia. 2 Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn,
Estonia * Corresponding author: jesamine.rikisahedew@emu.ee.

1 Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec,Canada. 2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal,
Universidad de Panamá, Panamá. 3 Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá. 4 Universidad de Panamá, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Panamá. 5 University of Austin, Texas, United States.

Cycads are gymnosperms that comprise species
that are considered to be evolutionarily old, andyet are the most understudied plant group in termsof photosynthetic limitations. It is understood that
there are biochemical and structural limitations tophotosynthesis, however, the considerable variationof mesophyll conductance (gm) and related anatomical traits in particular remain evasive for thisunique plant group. The aims of this study were toassess which structural traits are responsible for thevariation of net photosynthesis (An) and gm in cycads, determine the diffusional limitations to CO2
drawdown at the subcellular level, and to understand the morpho-physiological basis underlying
leaf economic spectrum (LES) traits in evolutionarily old species. 34 cycad species were selected; forwhich physiological parameters were measured
using the Walz gas-exchange system, and anatomical parameters were measured from images
taken using both light and transmission electron
microscopy. The results show high variability of gm
and corresponding structural traits across the cycad species, including between those of the same
genus. This study fills the missing niche that explains
which structural parameters most influence photosynthesis in cycads, and a better understanding of
how these endangered cycads may respond to impending climate change.

Plant-microbe interactions are important factors
influencing host fitness. Cycads are known for persisting in habitats under low nutrient availability
due to their capacity to harbor a diverse symbiotic microbiome, with most studies focused on theircoralloid roots. The leaf endophyte microbiota ofcycads remains largely unexplored, as is their potential beneficial interactions with the host. Here
we investigate how plant-microbe interactions
mediate foliar secondary metabolite composition in Zamia species from Panama. By integrating
microbial metabarcoding (16S, ITS), genomic anduntargeted metabolomics techniques, we characterize the leaf bacterial and fungal microbialcommunity alpha- and beta-diversity in phylogenetically related Zamia species with contrasting
habitats (terrestrial vs epiphytic), distinct herbivory pressures and relate specific leaf endophytes
to host metabolite composition. We recovered anumber of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial lineages in the cycad endo and exo-phyllosphere raising questions about the functional redundancy of181

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P.0328 Morphologicaldiversity in populations of
the Dioon edule complex(Zamiaceae) endemic toeastern Mexicolel where humidity is sporadic during the summer and winter, but the polar air masses produce
abundant rainfall on the slopes below 600 m asl.
Towards the south, rainfall is abundant during
summer and winter, where MS and TS populations
are found.

Laura Yáñez-Espinosa1, Gabriel RubioMéndez2, David Balderas-González3
1 Instituto de Investigación de zonas Desérticas,
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. 2
Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico. 3 Posgradoen Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Autónoma de
San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
The genus Dioon (Zamiaceae) forms species
complexes, i.e., species that are very similar morphologically, but different genetically. The Dioon
edule complex includes two species: Dioon edule
Lindl. and D. angustifolium Miq. Its geographic distribution consists of scattered populations in the
Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO) and central Veracruz.
The intraspecific variability of the morphologicalcharacters of the D. edule complex is expected ina heterogeneous environment. In this study, we
proposed to analyze a) morphological variation
throughout its distribution area, b) the environmental filter with effect on morphology adjustment processes and c) to define its geographic
distribution. Stem height, stem diameter, numberof leaves, and leaf length of adult plants were
measured in 39 populations. Principal component
analysis (PCA) was applied to explore the variability of morphology traits. Another 29 populations
were classified with a classification discriminant
analysis (CDA) based on geographic and climatic characteristics. Redundancy analysis (RA) wasapplied to explore the association among environmental variables and morphological traits.
The morphological data obtained allowed us toevaluate the phenotypic differences of populations. The PCA defined three phenotypic groups:(TS) tall stem, wide diameter, long and numerous
leaves; (MS) medium stem and diameter, sparseand short leaves; (SS) short stem, narrow diameter, scanty and short leaves. 99-100% populations
were correctly classified. Morphological traits arelinearly related to geographical, environmental
and geological variables, mainly latitude, longitude, geological province, average temperatureand precipitation of the coldest quarter. Most SS
populations are distributed north of 22°N paral-

P.0329 A tale of two
threatened species: Crax
rubra as a predator anddisperser of the cycad Dioon
edule seeds in Mexico
Laura Yáñez-Espinosa1, David BalderasGonzález2, Gabriel Rubio-Méndez3
1 Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas,
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
2 Posgrado en Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad deCiencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí,
Mexico 3 Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Mexico’s seasonal tropical forest presents high diversity and endemism, making it highly vulnerable toperturbation. Mainly, two species in this ecosystem
attract attention because they are threatened due
to overharvesting, hunting, illegal trade, deforestation,and land-use change. The cycad Dioon edule (Zamiaceae) is categorized as near threatenedby the IUCN.
The primary dispersal method is autochory, althoughsecondary dispersal is zoochory. Crax rubra (Craciformes: Cracidae) is an omnivorous large bird categorized as vulnerable by the IUCN. Both species havea broad and highly fragmented distribution in eastern
Mexico. In the Huasteca region of San Luis Potosi, Crax
rubra approaches the seeds of Dioon edule when foraging. However, the question ofwhether C. rubra eatsand disperses the seeds or only preys on them remains. We studied D. edule population structure anddemography. We established photo-trapping stations
during January, June, and September toclassify theirinteractions, assess the type and frequency of theinteractions, determine the seasonality and frequency of these interactions, and calculate the densityof seeds removed. The survival curve in the D. edule
population fitted the inverted “J” curve typical of mostcycads, with a high mortality rate in the early stages.
Previous studies attribute seed mortality to desiccation and predation by insects and rodents. However,
Crax rubra activities and seasons of the year are associated with adult females (50%) and juveniles (100%)
during June, as well as adult males (67%) in Septem-

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ber and most adult males (100%) and females (80%)
in January. Seed predation (33%) is the most common
activity, followed by dispersal (15%). Adult males andfemales removed most seeds (80%) in January. As-sociation of C. rubra and the dominant plant species
at the sites based on their fruiting phenology showed
adults associated with D. edule, Ficus cotinifolia, andBeaucarnea inermis.

S.044. DISSECTING THE EVOLUTION OF
SEDGES (CYPERACEAE): PERSPECTIVES FROMMULTIPLE LINEAGES
P.0330 Phylogenetic
analyses of Korean
Eleocharis (Cyperaceae)

a phylogenetic framework will be made in the presentation.

Kyong-Sook Chung1, Chae Eun Lim2,
Chunghee Lee3, Chang Shook Lee4
1 Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea. 2 National
Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea 3
National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea. 4 Departmentof Science Education, Ewha Womans University,
Seoul, Korea.
Eleocharis R. Br. exhibits cosmopolitan distribution
with more than 250 species, occurring mainly in wet
habitats such as swaps, riversides, and seashores.
The genus is characterized with unbranched culms,
single spikes, and bisexual reduced flowers withperianth bristles. To estimate phylogenetic relationships of 15 Korean Eleocharis taxa, nrDNA (ITS andETS) and cpDNA (trnC-ycf6) were utilized. Somatic
chromosomes were also investigated to evaluate
chromosome characters in a phylogenetic framework. Cyperaceae is known to have holocentricchromosomes, which miss constricted centromeres
during cell division and contribute to dynamic speciation in the family. In the phylogenetic analyses,
three major lineages were identified: E. congesta+E.
attenuate+E. wichurae, E. valleculosa+E. ussuriensis+E. kamtschatia, and E. kuroguwai +E. dulcia. The linage of E. kuroguwai+E. dulcia is basal on the genus,
which shares thick culms with transverse septa. Holocentric chromosomes were observed in five taxa:
E. attenuata f. laeviseta (Nakai) H. Hara (2n=20), E.
parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer (2n = 10), E. ussuriensis Zinserl. (2n=16), E. valleculosa var. setosa Ohwi (2n=16), and E. kuroguwai Owhi
(2n=ca.180). The chromosome sizes vary from ca.0.6
μm to ca. 6 μm categorized into two types, gradientand bimodal karyotypes. Further discussions on cytological and morphological characters analyzed in

P.0331 Integrating
systematics andbiogeography of Carex
L. clade Castanea(Cyperaceae): A
multidisciplinary approachin the Neotropic
Luis González-Gallego1, Anton A.
Reznicek2, Robert F. C. Naczi3, M. Socorro
González-Elizondo4, Carmen BenítezBenítez5, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías1
1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. 2 University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, USA. 3
New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA. 4 Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango, Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, Durango, Mexico. 5 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
The genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae), with over 2000
described species, is one of the most diverse plant
genera in the world, boasting a cosmopolitan distribution that extends to all continents except Antarctica. The evolutionary history and the diversificationof this genus encompass various colonization routes
influenced by the geoclimatic events of each continent and the lineages that expanded into these
new regions. In the Neotropic the genus has above
200 species and there is significant taxonomic andsystematic complexity. The phylogenetic knowledgeof the group in the area is still limited and the adscription of species to clades is sometimes unclear,with known examples of polyphyly at sectional and183

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species rank. We conducted a taxonomic study of
16 species described in Andes, Central America, andMexico, and made the morphological characterization of eight of them described in different locationsof the Andes. All these species have been variously
placed in sects. Porocystis Dumort. and Longicaules
Mackenzie ex Reznicek, both in turn now reported as
nested in the so-called Castanea clade. In addition,
we carried out a molecular study based on Sanger
and genomic DNA sequencing to elucidate the main
phylogeographic patterns and the evolutionary history of this group. The main results obtained fromthis multidisciplinary approach revealed the polyphyly of what is called sect. Longicaules and thetransferring of several of its species to sect. Porocystis. With these results we aim to set grounds to study
the natural history of Carex in the Neotropic and unravel the biogeographical patterns in this group of
sedges in one of the regions of the world where it isless understood.

P.0332 Stomatal presenceon the utricles of Carex(Cyperaceae) species
Lorna J. Halliwell1, Jasmine Morgan1, Paul
A. Ashton1
1 Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.
Utricles are the propagule of the Carex species. This
structure has often been utilised to address taxonomic questions using light microscopy, however
the additional information on utricle ultrastructure
obtained with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
has had limited investigation. This study describes
intra and inter-specific utricle stomata characteristics observed via a SEM and thus elucidates theirpotential taxonomic value using a sample set ofCarexspecies found within the UK. It also considers
whether such stomata have a pre- or post-dispersal function or are a vestigial relic of prophyll origin.
Potential functional roles were considered by comparing stomatal size and density against utricle
size and utricle density on the flowering spike. Stomata were observed on a significant proportion of
the taxa with variation between species. Stomatal
length varies between species, though the locationof stomata when present is uniform.

P.0333 Systematics andevolution of Bulbostylis(Cyperaceae) in the
neotropical region
Juliene Maciel-Silva 1,2,3, André S. B. Gil3,
Isabel Larridon1
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Federal Rural University of Amazon, Belém, Brazil. 3 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil.
Bulbostylis (hairsedges) is a speciose lineage ofsedges with about 230 accepted extant species
worldwide. Recent molecular phylogenetic work
has provided support for a monophyletic genus Bulbostylis, but species delimitation remains
problematic in areas of high species-richness.
Bulbostylis is an example where limited availability of molecular data impedes clarification ofevolutionary relationships and hampers the studyof character evolution and biogeographical history of the genus. This notoriously taxonomicallycomplex Cyperaceae genus is in urgent need ofrevision using an integrative taxonomic approachcombining molecular and morphological data.
The Neotropics is one of the centres of diversity
for Bulbostylis with about 70 currently accepted
species, however, the taxonomy continues to bepoorly understood. Numerous specimens havenot been identified to species level, and probably
species remain undescribed to science. The main
objective of this project is to carry out a systematic and evolutionary study of the neotropical Bulbostylis. We aim: (1) to prepare a taxonomic revision of the neotropical species of Bulbostylis; (2)to obtain a highly resolved phylogeny based on
phylogenomic data with extensive sampling ofspecies complexes; and (3) to investigate possible speciation events which may have contributed
to the current distribution patterns of Bulbostylis
species. Preliminary results include: (1) analysing
almost 2000 specimens of neotropical Bulbostylis
deposited in herbaria; (2) undertaking fieldtrips in
the Amazon and Cerrado areas of Brazil to collectherbarium specimens and DNA samples; (3) discovering of new species to science, recording new
occurrences, and rediscovering Bulbostylis tenella(Link) C.B.Clarke in Brazil after 179 years.

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P.0334 Diversity andevolution of Cyperaceae in
Madagascar with focus on
Bulbostylissis. Additionally, an updated version of the Floraof Cyperaceae from Madagascar at generic level
was published in English and French versions to
aid identification.

P.0335 Carex muricata
agg. A reassessment of thesection within the UK

Fitiavana Rasaminirina1,2Vonjison
Rakotoarimanana1, Mijoro Rakotoarinivo1,
Hélène Ralimanana2, Isabel Larridon3

Lorna J. Halliwell1, Michelle L. Davis1, Paul A.
Ashton1

1 University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar. 2 Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre,
Antananarivo, Madagascar. 3 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.
Identified as the third largest monocot family inthe world, the Cyperaceae family represent oneof the most species-rich plant families in Madagascar with around 310 native species placed
into 24 genera including one monotypic endemic genus Trichoschoenus. Our research focusses
on the genus Bulbostylis or hairsedges with 24
accepted species in Madagascar to investigate
the link between sedge diversity and endemicity
and ecosystems in the Central Highland of Madagascar because it represents the only large endemic radiation of a sedge group using the C4
photosynthetic pathway linked with a preference
for open canopy habitats. The results of our study
may provide further evidence, independent fromdata on the Poaceae or grass family to reply tothe broader question whether the grasslands of
the Central Highlands of Madagascar are natural or man-made. Soils characteristics effects on
the diversity and distribution of sedges in open
canopy and forest habitat are expected to be
explained, which will also provide baseline data
for species- and area-based conservation management.To resolve relationships between the
Madagascan Bulbostylis species, DNA sequence
data from 102 accessions sampled during fieldwork in Madagascar (Itremo, Isalo, Morondava,
Tsaratanana) and in herbaria (TAN, P, K) weregenerated using the Angiosperms353 targeted
sequencing probes. Our results will be used toreconstruct the evolutionary history of sedgesin Madagascar. It will also be used to completea taxonomic treatment of the genus Bulbostylis
which will include an identification key, descriptions, illustrations, distributions maps and IUCNRed List assessments for each species.Since 2019,
our efforts to study the Cyperaceae in Madagascar have already resulted in the publication of a
new species to science, i.e. Bulbostylis itremoen-

1 Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.
The Carex muricata aggregate (section Phaestoglochin) is a difficult to classify group of sedges(Cyperaceae). Globally, there are approximately
37 taxa within the section, however nomenclature
typically focusses upon regional taxa without any
global overview. There is also significant debate
over rank and recognition. The majority of current
treatments are based upon morphological studies therefore a reassessment is long overdue. The
work being undertaken aims to classify the grouputilising a combination of genetic and novel
morphological approaches to fully understandthe section. Using both nuclear and chloroplast
DNA markers, the relatedness of the taxa will be
determined and a phylogeny produced. Utilising
scanning electron microscopy, the ultrastructureof the plants is being examined to identify microscopic differences related to a revised moleculartaxonomy. This will provide modern genetic andmorphological data which will clear up the confusion of the section and lead to improved treatment in floras.

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S.045. DIVERSIFICATION IN LARGE DOMINANT
PLANT LINEAGES: INTEGRATION OFPHYLOGENY, ECOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND
BIOGEOGRAPHY
P.0336 Diversification andbiogeography of North
American thistles (Cirsium:
Carduoideae: Compositae):
drivers of a rapid continentwide
Carolina M. Siniscalchi,1 Jennifer R.
Ackerfield,2 Ryan A. Folk1
1 Department of Biology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA. 2 Denver Botanic Gardens,
Denver, USA.
Cirsium (“thistles”), is the most speciose genus in the
Compositae (Asteraceae) subfamily Carduoideae
native to North America, consisting of a rapid endemic radiation. Hummingbird pollination is rarein Compositae, but approximately 10% of all Cirsium in North America are adapted to this pollination syndrome. Although Cirsium is an example ofa continent-wide evolutionary radiation, the biotic
and abiotic factors contributing to this remarkablediversification have never been studied. Sixty-fourtaxa of Cirsium representing its distribution eachmajor geographic range in North America were sequenced using the MYbaits–Compositae-1061 1kv1
kit. These results were used to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny to estimate divergence times and diversification rates. Ancestral area reconstructions
for eight biogeographical areas and ten habitats
were performed with BioGeoBEARS. A model fitting
approach was used to test whether: 1) different environmental variables were related to diversification, 2) pollinator type was related to differences inenvironment, and 3) pollinator type was related todiversification. Phylogenetic least squares models
of environmental variables against diversification
rates were used to test if environmental variables,
pollinator type, or morphological traits influenced
diversification. Cirsium in North America originatedapproximately 2 mya, with the majority of the diversification occurring in three nearly simultaneous

bursts during the onset of the Pleistocene ice age.
Precipitation and semi-aridity were the main catalysts for diversification. Hummingbird pollination
was associated with near-significant lower rates ofdiversification than insect pollination. The integrated effects of niche conservatism and glacial-interglacial cycles played a role in shaping current
distributional patterns. Although hummingbird pollination was associated with lower rates of diversification in Cirsium, the switch to this syndrome may
have facilitated expansion across post-Pleistocene
fragmented landscapes. Ultimately, this study offers
important insights into the drivers of a rapid, continent-wide radiation and the impact of Pleistocene
glaciation cycles on the flora of North America.

P.0337 Ecological andevolutionary insights into
savanna-related traits in
African acacias (Senegalia
and Vachellia, Fabaceae)
Joseph Charboneau1, Arjun B. Potter2,
Scott Cory2, Charles Luchagula3, Ellen
Weinheimer2, Issakwisa Ngondya3, T.
Michael Anderson2, James B. Pease2,
Stephen A. Smith1
1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, USA. 2 Department of Biology, Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem, USA. 3 Nelson Mandela African Instituteof Science and Technology; Arusha, Tanzania.
Acacia species are found throughout Africa in habitats ranging from deserts to savannas to tropical
woodlands. These ca. 140 acacia species (Acacias.l.) are now about evenly split between two genera:
Senegalia Raf. and Vachellia Wight & Arn. The mostrecent common ancestors of both genera date fromabout 5-8 Mya, after which the rise of C4 grasses
and increasing diversity of large mammalian herbi-

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vores led to today’s African savannas. The acaciasthat have become the dominant woody species inmany savannas did so by overcoming many stressors including competition with grasses, herbivory
by large herbivores, fires, and periodic drought. We
are investigating how responses to these stressors
and variation in ecological and phenotypic traits
shape species distributions at landscape and regional scales using data ranging from physiologicaland ecological to transcriptomic and phylogenomic. Ecophysiological and gene expression data fromgreenhouse drought experiments are helping us tounderstand how species respond to water stressdifferently, and a common garden experiment witha set of focal species in Arusha, Tanzania has also
been revealing species-specific responses to combinatorial treatments of drought, simulated herbivory, and fire. We will compare these responses withclimatic and other ecological tolerances estimatedfrom species occurrence data and niche models.
Using newly assembled transcriptomes, genomes,
and phylogenomic data, we are also working tounderstand the genetic basis for responses to savanna stressors, and to put these savanna-related
traits in African species into phylogenetic and biogeographic context within the pantropical genera
Senegalia and Vachellia.

this value imply either higher or lower variance than
expected for a given mean value. In a plant community context, this exponent (b) is describing how
stability is changing with increasing abundance andtherefore it can be interpreted as an indicator of thedominance structure and the stabilization caried out
by dominant species, with slopes lower than 2 suggesting dominants being relatively more stable thansubdominants. In this study we aim to explore howcommon is TPL in real plant communities, how it relates to dominant species characteristics and which
factors can predict its exponent value. We used LOTVS (https://lotvs.csic.es/) database of permanentplots worldwide to describe the power relationshipbetween the temporal mean and variance of the
populations of more than 11,000 plant communities
sampled over 6-99 years across the globe. The results show strong TPL effects (R2>0.8 in 95% of thecommunities). More than 88% of communities show
a TPL exponent significantly lower than the expectedb = 2, with sampling methodology, climate variables
and species functional traits affecting the TPL slope.
These outcomes underscore the overlooked prevalence of TPL in temporal community ecology andsuggest a driving effect of dominants and their traits
on temporal stabilization of community abundance.

P.0339 Into Mesoamerica:
convergence of Quercus
functional traits acrossenvironmental gradients

P.0338 Strong Taylor’s
Power Law effects in plantcommunities across theglobe

Matthew A. Kaproth1,2, Jeannine
Cavender-Bares1, Alex Kirsch2, Antonio
González-Rodríguez3, Marlene Hahn4,
Andrew L. Hipp4,5

Clara Gracia Mas1, Francesco de Bello1,2,
Jules Segrestin2, Lars Götzenberger2,3, The
LOTVS Consortium, Jan Lepš2,3
1 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación(CSIC-UV-GVA), Valencia, Spain. 2 University ofSouth Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
3 Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech
Republic.
Taylor’s power law (TPL), also known as fluctuation scaling, is one of the most pervasive empiricalpatterns in ecology. It states that the variance (V)of a nonnegative random variable (e.g., population abundances) is a power function of its mean(M) (i.e., V = aMb → log(V) = log(a) + b*log(M)). While
known, its exploration in the context of temporal stability of communities has been very limited. Sample
exponent (b), TPL’s log-log slope, is mathematically predicted to fluctuate around 2. Deviation from

1 University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA. 2 Minnesota
State University Mankato, Mankato, USA. 3 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, México. 4 Center for Tree Science and Herbarium, The
Morton Arboretum, Lisle, USA. 5 The Field Museum,
Chicago, USA.
The sympatric nature of Quercus (oak) clades in theAmericas offers insights into evolutionary dynamics
and environmental adaptations across broad environmental conditions. While species occupy similar
regions, it is unknown if species use similar strategies to adapt to different ecological niche. We explored these patterns using herbarium surveys of
136 species (1820 specimens), with species represented by leaf and stem traits (e.g., leaf perimeter to187

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area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf habit, huber value)
and their correlation with climate and soil nutrients.
Our study reveals convergent leaf morphology andhabit patterns across clades, particularly in Mesoamerica. Both section Lobatae (reds) and Quercus(whites) show constrained adaptations to environmental conditions. The relationship between leaf
density (SLA) and dissection (perimeter × leaf length
per area; PLA) is coupled by region, demonstrating
function is convergent across distantly related species that are occupying similar niches. For leaf habit, seasonal water and soil nutrient availability are
identified as important interactive factors; deciduous species grow in seasonally dry climates andmore nutrient-rich soils compared to brevideciduous or evergreen species, matching strategies thatalign along the leaf economic spectrum. We investigate whether there is parallel evolution of water use
and cold tolerance traits among clades. Previous
work demonstrates high rates of speciation, habit evolution, and adaptation along moisture gradients in the Mexico and American Southwest regions.
This research expands on findings that clades are
responding to patterns of resource heterogeneity
in similar manners, but with evergreen species displaying higher rates of transition. This research enhances our understanding of the intricate relationships between evolutionary patterns, environmental
adaptations, and convergent leaf functional traits
in woody plant species. The findings underscore theimportance of considering regional variations soil
and climate for a comprehensive analysis of ecological strategies and species’ success.

P.0340 Shining light on theevolution of Palearctic realm
flora: biogeography anddiversification patterns ofHypericum subg. Hypericum

genus into two subgenera, H. subgenus Brathys fromthe New World and H. subgenus Hypericum from the
Old World. Although Sanger sequencing approaches have proved insufficient to resolve backbone andrecent relationships across this large genus. Here
we present a Hyb-Seq approach (combining genome skimming with target capture sequencing),
implemented with a custom kit (integrating the Angiosperms353 targets with 273 single-copy nuclear
orthologs specific to the Clusioid Clade, Malpighiales) to build a stable backbone for this large genus
and infer phylogenetic relationships within the Old
World subgenus Hypericum. We use this phylogeny
to test macroevolutionary hypotheses on the evolution of the Palearctic flora in relation to Cenozoic
climatic oscillations. For this, we have assembled themost comprehensive Hypericum sampling to date(including ~260 spp.; with a few Malpighiales taxa
belonging to the Clusioid Clade as outgroup), andbuilt nuclear and plastid topologies to address potential cito-nuclear incongruence, which could be
obscuring key evolutionary processes. Additionally,
we have used fossils to time-calibrate our topologies, and inferred the biogeographic history of Old
World Hypericum taxa. This framework has allowed
us to characterize the magnitude of extinction andspeciation events (e.g., potential radiations) thathave shaped the extant diversity in the subgenus,
thus shining light on the evolution of the Palearctic
realm flora. We have also explored the impact ploidy
levels (calculated from Hyb-Seq data) have had in
the diversification of the subgenus Hypericum.

P.0341 Phylogeny andbiogeography of the genus
Lobelia in the Mexican
Transition Zone
Miguel A. Pérez-Pérez1, Laura P.
Lagomarsino2, Laymon D. Ball2, Arturo
Castro-Castro3, Tina J. Ayers1

Irene Masa-Iranzo1, Irene Villa-Machío2,
Nicolai Nürk3, Lisa Pokorny1, Andrea S.
Meseguer1

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA. 2 Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, USA. 3 CONAHCYT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario
de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional,
Unidad Durango, Durango, México.

1 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA. 3 University of
Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae), with over five hundred
species of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed worldwide, is one of the 100 largest angiosperm genera.
Recent studies have suggested the division of the

The five major mountain ranges in Mexico, called
the Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ), provide a unique
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lated species that are restricted to a single range.
These mountains are a transition zone because they
have a mix of organisms from the temperate partsof the Americas as well as from the tropics. The target organism for the project is the plant genus Lobelia. There are 90 species in the MTZ; of those, 83
are found only there. Most of the species have small,blue flowers and are insect-pollinated, but six havelarge, red flowers that are hummingbird-pollinated.
Both groups have species with a unique floral feature, a nectar spur, found nowhere else in the world.
We will present preliminary results of molecular data
gathered from chloroplast genomes and a nuclear

probe set developed for a closely related group thatwas used to build a comprehensive phylogenetic
framework for Lobelia, focusing on the highly diverse
and endemic lineages of Mexico. This framework will
be used to address broad evolutionary questions
about biogeography, pollinator shifts, and hybridization. We present a time-calibrated tree to test
specific biogeographic hypotheses in the MTZ, including 1- geographic barriers between lineages, 2long-distance dispersal between mountain ranges,
and 3- biogeographic patterns associated with pollination syndrome or presence of nectar spurs.

S.046. DYSPLOIDY, DIPLOIDISATION AND
DIVERSIFICATION: IMPACT OF POSTPOLYPLOIDGENOME RESTRUCTURING ON SPECIES AND
TRAIT DIVERSITY
P.0342 Phylogenomics
unravels the complex
relationships of autumnflowering Iberian crocuses
Ruifang An1, Frank R. Blattner1, Nomar E.
Waminal1, Doerte Harpke1
1 Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant
Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben,
Germany.
The Iberian autumn-flowering Crocus serotinus
group, comprising C. clusii, C. cobbii, C. nudiflorus,
and C. salzmannii, harbors several populations with
unclear taxonomic affiliation. Variable genome sizes
and chromosome numbers indicate the presence ofhybridization, which might be one of the main reasons for the taxonomic uncertainties. Therefore, we
aimed to define diploid taxonomical units, identify
hybrids and unravel the karyotype evolution of thisgroup. We employed a comprehensive approach
including phylogenetic analyses of two chloroplast
regions, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of 279
individuals representing 110 populations, 14 nuclear
single-copy genes and rDNA spacers of 49 populations, comparative analysis of repetitive DNA proportion in 20 individuals, genome size measurements
and chromosome counting. This approach enabled

the identification of at least three different allopolyploidizations, one homoploid hybridization and two
populations where diploids and alloploids are growing side by side. Typically, diploids are characterized
by a genome size ranging from 2C = 3.3 to 7.2 pg
with chromosome counts of 2n = 20, 22, 24, while
alloploids exhibit genome size from 2C = 6.7 to 9.2
pg with chromosome counts of 2n = 36, 44, 48. Our
comparative analyses of repetitive DNA, along with
GBS and nuclear single-copy markers data, suggestthat the larger genome of C. salzmannii did not originate from recent polyploidization or repetitive DNA
amplification, but is likely caused by an earlier polyploidization event followed by diploidization.

P.0343 The subordinate roleof pseudogenization overrecombinative deletion
following polyploidization in
Angiosperms

189

Ewout Crombez1,2, Zhen Li1,2, Yves Van dePeer1-4
1 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. 2 Department of Plant Biotechnology andBioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 3
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbi-

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ology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South-Africa. 4
College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Polyploidy is most often followed by an eventual
return to the diploid state, referred to as diploidisation. Diploidisation leads to several drastic
genomic changes, of which extensive gene loss
is a key feature. Given that there is genome-wide
redundancy for all genes following polyploidization, pervasive loss of gene copies can be anticipated. However, the dominant mechanism
responsible for gene loss post-polyploidization,
whether through pseudogenization (i.e., the accumulation of deleterious mutations leading to
the non-functionality of that gene, followed byfurther degradation through mutation), and/or
deletion from the genome by recombination, remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated theextent of pseudogenization post-polyploidization
by identifying pseudogenes in collinear blocks
retained from polyploidy events in twelve angiosperms. The number of identified polyploidy-derived pseudogenes was consistently drasticallylower than what would be expected if gene loss
would occur predominantly through pseudogenization. However, this number may be affectedby other processes, such as (1) diminished detectability of pseudogenes due to the accumulation of mutations and (2) loss of collinearity overtime. These potential biases were addressed by(1) following the expected evolution of neutrally
evolving (pseudo)genes through simulation and(2) investigating a neo-polyploid sugarcane genome. The simulations indicated that in the absence of deletion mechanisms, pseudogenes
should be detectable for a longer evolutionary
period than observed in the paleo-polyploid species. Furthermore, despite being still polyploid,
the sugarcane genome has already experienced
significant gene loss, with only one-third of theseloss events associated with pseudogenization.
Taken together, these findings imply that geneloss post-polyploidization primarily takes place
via deletion through recombination. This assertion is further reinforced by the identification ofan apparent initial phase of rapid gene loss, andthe enrichment of pseudogenes in regions of low
recombination. Lastly, we explored pseudogene
functionality and discovered distinct functional
categories enriched at varying levels of loss.

P.0344 Genome
evolution and postpolyploid diploidizationin the Microlepidieae(Brassicaceae)
Xinyi Guo1, Terezie Mandáková1,2, Milan
Pouch1,3, Martin A. Lysak1,3
1 CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
2 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of
Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 3
NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno,
Czech Republic.
Plant genome evolution was marked by cycles ofwhole-genome duplication (WGD) and diploidization. Genome diploidization following WGDs can proceed with different intensities and be accompaniedby speciation events. However, it remains unclear
how and to what extent chromosomal diploidization including descending dysploidy, i.e., reductionof chromosome number, is associated with morefine-scaled genomic (gene-level) diploidization. The
Microlepidieae species, endemic to Australia and
New Zealand, form a monophyletic tribe within themustard family (Brassicaceae). The Microlepidieae
genomes originated after an ancient allotetraploidization event and subsequently evolved into different species and subclades with distinct levels ofinter-subgenome reshuffling and descending dysploidy. To explore the post-polyploid genome evolution in Microlepidieae, we sequenced genomes offour species with different chromosome numbers(n = 4 to n = 10) and genome sizes (0.4 to 1.7 Gbp).
Large structural differences underlying karyotype
evolution were consistently supported by both sequencing-based and molecular cytogenetic results.
The expansion of genome size was mainly causedby the accumulation of LTR retrotransposons, especially Athila elements. We identified genomic regions
corresponding to two subgenomes based on different gene fractionation and gene tree topologies,
and shared karyotype structures with closely related
diploid genomes. Our genomic evidence confirms
the most likely Asian origin of the allotetraploid ancestral genome. Whereas the maternal subgenome
with an n = 8 genome structure conserved within
the Camelinodae supertribe is sister to the Crucihimalayeae tribe, the paternal subgenome had ann = 6 karyotype identical to the extant genomes of
the Yinshanieae tribe. In Australia, descendant genomes of the allotetraploid ancestor (n = 14) exhib-

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ited different extent of gene loss/pseudogenization
between subclades, consistent with the previous
cytogenetic observation of two-speed diploidization. Our results provide new insight into the process of post-polyploid genome evolution in plants.
Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the support of
the Czech Science Foundation (20-03419Y).

semblies and large-scale RNA-seq data from 476
biological samples representing a transcriptional landscape of the lineage. We find that bamboo
subgenomes exhibit stunning karyotype stability,with parallel subgenome dominance in the two tetraploid clades and a gradual shift of dominance inthe hexaploid clade. Allopolyploidization and subgenome dominance help explain the genetic basisof the evolution of such distinct biological traits as
tree-like lignified culms, rapid growth, and synchronous flowering characteristic of woody bamboos as
the world’s largest grasses. Our work provides landmark insights into genome dominance in a remarkable polyploid system, including its dependence
on genomic context and its ability to switch whichsubgenomes are dominant over evolutionary time.

P.0345 Diversification ofbamboo species inducedby dynamic subgenome
dominance
Peng-Fei Ma1, Yun-Long Liu1, Cen Guo1,2,
Guihua Jin1, Zhen-Hua Guo1, Ling Mao1,3,
Yi-Zhou Yang1,3, Liang-Zhong Niu1, YuJiao Wang1, Lynn G. Clark4, Elizabeth A.
Kellogg5, Zu-Chang Xu1,3, Xia-Ying Ye1,
Jing-Xia Liu1, Meng-Yuan Zhou1, Yan Luo2,
Yang Yang1, Douglas E. Soltis6,7, Jeffrey L.
Bennetzen8, Pamela S. Soltis6, De-Zhu Li1

P.0346 Accessing
chromosome evolution
in clade A beans from
Phaseolus L. (Leguminosae)
through oligo-FISH
chromosome painting

1 Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key
Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Kunming, Yunnan, China. 2 Center for Integrative
Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for theConservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla,
Yunnan, China. 3 Kunming College of Life Science,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. 4 Department of Ecology,
Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Bessey, Ames, USA. 5 Donald Danforth Plant
Science Center, St. Louis, USA. 6 Florida Museumof Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville,
USA. 7 Department of Biology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, USA. 8 Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.

Thiago Nascimento1,2, André Marques2,
Andrea Pedrosa-Harand1
1 Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution,
Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 2 Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
Phaseolus L. beans are word-wide consumed andstands out for their economic and nutritious importance. The genus comprises two phylogenetic
clades, A and B, each with three or five monophyletic groups, respectively. The mechanisms thatshaped Phaseolus chromosome evolution havebeen investigated through different cytogenetic
approaches in previous studies, from conventional staining to oligo-FISH painting and barcoding.
However, the studies so far concentrated efforts
in analysing species that belong to clade B, whileclade A species remained underrepresented. Here
we aimed to analyse the chromosome evolutionof species belonging to clade A through oligo-FISH
painting in comparison to clade B species. For this,
we applied chromosome-specific oligo probes for
Phaseolus vulgaris chromosomes 2 and 3 throughin situ hybridization to six species from all groups ofclade A: P. glabellus, P. microcarpus (clade A, unas-

Polyploidy (genome duplication) is a pivotal forcein evolution. However, the interactions between parental genomes in a polyploidy nucleus, frequently
involving subgenome dominance, are poorly understood. Most previous studies have focused onrecently formed polyploid crops and relatives thathave not undergone extensive species diversification. Here we showcase analyses of a bamboo system (Poaceae; grass family) comprising a series oflineages with different ploidal levels, from diploid(herbaceous) to tetraploid and hexaploid (woody),
with a subgenome shared by all polyploids. We alalyzed 11 chromosome-level de novo genome as-191

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signed), P. hintonii (clade A, Tuerckheimii group), P.
parvulus (clade A, Pauciflorus group), P. neglectus, P.
grayanus (clade A, Pedicellatus group); comparedto P. filiformis (clade B, Filiformis group), P. vulgaris(clade B, Vulgaris group), P. leptostachyus (clade
B, Leptostachyus group) and P. lunatus (clade B,
Lunatus group). All clade A species analysed here
showed a conserved synteny for orthologs 2 and 3.
The breaks of synteny, mostly represented by translocations events, were found only in clade B species, as previous described for the Filiformis and thedysploidy Leptostachyus group representatives. Ourdata suggest that clade B is a hotspot for chromosome rearrangements, while clade A species maintained a more conserved karyotype after the divergence of both clades ~4.6 Mya.

P.0347 Developing
transcriptomic tools forgenetic characterization ofMusa spp. from Puerto Rico

extracted from replicates of fleshy-frozen apical leaves
tissues of two plantain Musa spp. grown on test tubes
and the transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina(pair-end) platform. We generated approximately 210
million reads, which were then filtered to clean reads(Q20% of >97.5%). 72.2% of SNP variants were locatedon the exotic regions. We are currently identifying thedifferentially expressed candidate genes and SNPs. The
study will provide a dataset for assessing the genetic
diversity of plantains grown in Puerto Rico.

P.0348 Amazing Herbertia
lahue (Iridaceae): how
is morphologic andcytogenetic variation
structured at different ploidy
levels?
Tatiana T. Souza-Chies1, Eudes M. StiehlAlves1, Ariane T. Vieira1, Caroline Trevelin1,
Alexandre C. Martins1, Eliane KaltchukSantos1

Yairelys Rosa-Morales1, Christopher A.
Sambolín-Pérez1, Cristina M. PluguezMedina1, Rosalinda Aybar-Batista1,
Ramón E. Rivera-Vicéns1, Juan A. NegrónBerríos1, Alok Arun1.

1 Institut of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

1 Institute of Sustainable Biotechnology, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
Musa is a genus of important fruit crops such as plantains and bananas worldwide due to their nutritional
values. Puerto Rico has few cultivar varieties which aregrown commercially in the island. However, the genetic background of those commercially grow varieties is
not well known. Developing RNA seq based molecularmarkers can help to assess the genetic identity of commercially important species of Musa grown in PuertoRico. Also, conventional micropropagation (CM) andtemporary immersion bioreactors (TIB) methods havebeen used globally to produce disease-free plantlets
at commercial scale. However, their impact on plant
phenotypic and genetic traits have not been exploredin Puerto Rico. Our preliminary results comparing themorphological, molecular, and biochemical characteristics of explants grown under test tubes and TIB haveshown that plantain plantlets regenerated under TIB
show more robust phenotypic traits. Therefore, our goal
is to carry out a comparative study of transcriptomesof two commercial Musa spp. in Puerto Rico. RNA was

Polyploid series are recurring in Iridaceae species, indicating a substantial role in their evolution. Herbertia lahue is a geophytic and herbaceous species ofgrasslands from southern South America, with four
ploidy levels (2x, 4x, 6x, and 8x) reported. Recognitionof H. lahue is done mainly through floral characters,
but their morphological variation is significant andextensive, making species boundaries doubtful. This
study aims to examine the effect of polyploidy on thevariation of H. lahue using an integrative approach.
Thirty-eight populations of H. lahue were sampled insitu during flowering months across southern Brazil.
Integrative approach included i) cytogenetic analysis (chromosome count, genome size estimation, and
CMA/DAPI analysis), ii) pollen analyses (pollen graincount, size, and fertilization potential), and iii) morphometric analyses. Chromosome counts showed
the occurrence of only three cytotypes, each one
corresponding to a morphotype: seven populations
are diploid (2n=2x=14), five are hexaploid (2n=6x=42),
and nine are octoploid (2n=8x=56). All cytotypes presented asymmetric karyotypes with metacentric orsubmetacentric chromosomes. Genome size varied
between cytotypes, but not within, and 2C-values increase according to ploidy level: 4.33pg (2x), 12.28pg

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Poster presentations(6x), and 16.30pg (8x). Polyploids have lower monoploid 1Cx-values than diploids, indicating genome
downsizing. All cytotypes have CMA+/DAPI- bands(2x: two bands; 6x: four and 8x: six). Pollen measurements show that polyploids have larger pollen grains
but less pollen grains/anther compared to diploids.
Differences are non-significant for pollen viability inall cytotypes. Discriminant analysis split H. lahue into
three clusters corresponding to cytotypes (with partial overlap for polyploids). Our results highlighted an
intricate pattern in organization of polymorphism for
H. lahue cytotypes.

P.0349 Does theevolutionary time matter?
A deeper look at theevolutionary dynamics ofrepetitive sequences inBrachypodium hybridum
Dana Trunova1, Natalia BorowskaZuchowska1, Serhii Mykhailyk1, Kai Xia2,
Ruben Sancho4, Kai Wang2, Pilar Catalán4,
Ales Kovarik2, Robert Hasterok1, Bożena
Kolano1
1 Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group,
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences,
University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.

2 Department of Molecular Epigenetics, Instituteof Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,
Czech Republic. 3 School of Life Sciences, Nantong
University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. 4 Departmentof Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, HighPolytechnic School of Huesca, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.
Polyploidisation often results in genome rearrangements since two different genomeshave to be accommodated in one nucleus. Such changes may
involve both the single copy sequences as well as
the repetitive genome fraction. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis ofrepetitive DNA in Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 4x =30, genome composition DDSS), a model allotetraploid grass that came from a cross between two diploid species that resemble modern B. distachyon (2n= 10; DD) and B. stacei (2n = 20; SS). Taking advantageof the polyphyletic origin of B. hybridum, we investigated two lineages that showed a 10-fold difference(1.4 and 0.14 Ma) in evolutionary age and arose fromdifferent cross directions. Such a combination of lineages constitutes a unique model system to study
the consequences of polyploidy in plants. Employing
molecular (Southern Blot), cytogenetic (FISH) andbioinformatic approaches, we characterised andquantified repetitive DNA content. Unlike the transposable elements that tend to follow the global stasis, the tandem repeats, especially rDNA sequences,appear to be a more dynamic part of the genome.
Acknowledgments: The research was funded by the
National Science Centre, Poland (project number
2020/39/O/NZ8/00184) to BK and DT.

S.047. ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARYDYNAMICS AT THE REAR EDGE UNDER CLIMATECHANGE
P.0350 Study of stomata
and mesophyll traits
on plant adaptation toincreased CO2
Cinti Eleonore1, Cerri Martina1, Carli
Andrea2, Centritto Mauro2, Atzori Giulia2,
Zuluaga Diana3, Haworth Matthew 2,
Reale Lara 1.

1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. 2 National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP),
Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy. 3 Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Bari, Italy.
Based on the annual report from the NOAA Global Monitoring Lab, the global average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was 417.06 parts
per million (“ppm” for short) in 2022, setting a newrecord. The increase between 2021 and 2022 was
2.13 ppm -the 11th year in a row where the amountof carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by193

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more than 2 ppm (Lindsey, 2023). Therefore, it is essential to understand the impact of rising CO2 onplant growth. With the PRIN project “Evolutionary implications for the development of climate resilient
productive plants” (EvoPlant), we aim to elucidate
patterns of plant evolution to promote the development of climate-resilient plants through the study ofstomatal evolution, photosynthesis, and plant-atmosphere gas exchange. The purpose of our study
is to analyze the correlation between leaf anatomy
and stomatal patterning. We are currently completing morphological and anatomical analyses of themesophyll and stomatal apparatus of 20 plant species representing an evolutionary pathway from lycophytes to dicotyledonous angiosperms, via ferns
and gymnosperms. Specifically, we are examining
the density, distribution, morphology, and size ofstomata through light microscopy. These measurements will then be correlated with the surface areaof the mesophyll cells exposed to the intercellularairspaces, the size of the mesophyll cells, the thickness of the mesophyll, the fraction of the volume occupied by the intercellular airspaces, and the total
cross-sectional area of the cells that make up themesophyll. A special case is represented by Triticum
spp., in which we are studying, mesophyll conductance (Gm), i.e. the transport of CO2 from intercellularairspace within leaves developed in different CO2
concentration. These data will allow us to identify
the most efficient combination of stomata-mesophyll traits for climate change resilience.
Reference: Lindsey R. 2023. Climate change: atmospheric carbon dioxide. NOAA.

the dasometric values and the vegetal biomass, todetermine the physical and chemical parameters of
the soil, to determine the hydric behavior, to determine the soil survey, to determine the content of theexisting necromass in the forest of study and the difference of the content of carbon in the vegetal cover, soil and necromass in a period of one year in thearea of study. The work was established in four plotsof 750 m2 each. The forest is constituted by individuals mostly belonging to the family Meliaceae andMoraceae, both with two species, followed by Arecaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Aquifoliaceae,
Cecropiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae and Sapotaceae with one
species each. A forest inventory was carried out ineach plot and the storage of tree carbon was estimated using IPCC equations (2006) which averaged 79.9 tC/ha, while the herbaceous vegetation
averaged 2.44 tC/ha, and the COS component averaged 44.57 tC/ha. The total carbon accumulated
in the three components as an average according
to the IPCC (2006) is 126.91 tC/ha, in terms of carbon
equivalent the average data found according to the
IPCC (2006) was 463.5 tCO2/ha, with a difference of
34.44 tC/ha in the period of one year.

P.0352 Genomic variationand how isolation byenvironment influences
population differentiation of
a Mediterranean orchid
Marco G. Balducci1, Karl J. Duffy1

P.0351 Estimation of carbon
stored in the gallery forestof the campus of the
Universidad Nacional de
Asunción, San Lorenzo

1 Department of Biology, Complesso UniversitarioMonte Sant’Angelo, University of Naples Federico II,
Naples, Italy.

Maura Isabel Díaz Lezcano1, Isidoro
Gabriel Benitez Nuñez1, Cristian Andrés
Britos Benítez1, Higinio Moreno Resquín1
1 Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Facultad deCiencias Agrarias, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
The overall objective was to determine the difference in carbon content in a gallery forest locatedin the university campus of the National Universityof Asunción, San Lorenzo. As specific objectives, todetermine the floristic composition, to determine

Identifying the processes underlying gene flow andlocal adaptation is important, both to understandthe limits to plant distributions, and predict how they
respond to ongoing environmental change. While
gene flow should decrease with increasing distance
between populations (isolation by distance, IBD), therelative influence of decreased gene flow between
shared environments (isolation by environment, IBE),
rather than distance, is poorly understood. Due totheir patchily distributed populations and dependence on mutualists to complete their life-cycle, orchids should show high levels of genetic differentiation, with high levels of IBD. However, as their seeds
are wind-dispersed, they may overcome local constraints to gene flow and populations may be ge-

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netically similar in shared environments. To test therelative influence of IBD and IBE, we investigatedthe population genomic structure of the Mediterranean orchid, Orchis italica (Poir.). Using ddRADseq,
we identified 31,909 polymorphic loci from samples
from 21 populations, representing six Mediterranean regions. Outlier analysis was used to identify
alleles potentially under selection to environmental
variables. While admixture analysis revealed that
populations were structured according to region,
genetic differentiation was variable within regions,and there was no clear pattern of IBD. However,
SNPs under selection were associated with annual
mean temperature, precipitation regime, and soil
texture, hence population differentiation may mainly result from isolation by environment (IBE). Genes
associated with adaptation to local temperatureand precipitation regimes may be important as theMediterranean region experiences increasing mean
temperatures in the 21st century. Quantifying thegeographical and ecological factors underpinninggenomic diversity, and identifying potential selective pressures driving the adaptive genetic variation,is necessary to understand how plants respond toongoing climate change.

feeding honey bee colonies. In Iran, Ajugoideae has
two genera named Ajuga and Teucrium. The paper study compiled data on the actual dispersionof species or the examination of specimens in theherbarium, using available sources that include local and regional floras. Species distribution modelling (SDM) tools have been used to predict the dispersion of species in the coming years affected byclimate change. After collecting data on the dispersion of the examined taxa, open layers of information on independent and predictive environmental
and climatic factors were prepared from various
local and foreign sources for modeling. Extracting
climate information through statistical tests, thesemodels were calibrated and implemented. Models
reconstruct species-environment relationships byusing spatial data of taxon position and environmental variables affecting dispersion. The pattern
and issues of the present-day distribution of species with climate variables were used to estimate
the geographical distribution of species under future climate scenarios. The accuracy of the models ‘
performance was also evaluated. The results of thisstudy creates important achievements for the conservation management of these species.

P.0353 The distribution
pattern and modelingof climate change on
Ajugoideae (Lamiaceae) as
natural medicinal as well as
nectariferous plants

P.0354 Distribution patterns
and phenology in Linum
bienne Mill.: Towards
an understanding of its
adaptation to the local
environment

Keshavarzi, M.1, Farajollahi, F.1, Mehrabian,A. R.2, Mostafavi, H.3

José R. Grande A.1, Beatrice Landoni2,
Macarena Marín R.1, Clara López1, Carlos
Almeida1, Rocio Pérez Barrales1

1 Plant Sciences Dept., Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department ofPlant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life
Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 3 Institute of Environmental
Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
The Lamiaceae, with 48 genera and about 425 species, is the fourth largest family of angiosperms in
Iran, containing medicinal and aromatic plants. The
Ajugoideae includes woody or herbaceous perennial plants, sometimes with an unpleasant smell.
Members of this subfamily have glycosidic and steroids iridoid compounds that are of medicinal andaromatic importance. In addition, they are considered a source of nectar and pollen production for

1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada,
Granada, Spain. 2 Università degli Studi di Milano,
Milano, Italy.
Linum bienne Mill. (Linaceae) is a widely distributed
species native to the Mediterranean region and theAtlantic province of the Euro-Siberian region, and thewild relative of linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Recent
studies have shown that in the westernmost portionof the distribution it shows a latitudinal variation in
the date of flowering initiation, partly explained by
the local climatic conditions, as well as the influenceof vernalization. Specifically, it has been seen that
populations of Mediterranean origin require fewerdays than populations of Atlantic origin to initiate

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flowering, while in Atlantic populations vernalization
is a requirement to initiate flowering. This variationin the onset of flowering has been important in thedomestication process of linseed in continental Europe. However, it is unknown to what extent Linum
bienne may be sensitive to the increase in temperatures associated with global change. In this sense,
it has been seen that the information contained in
herbaria can help decipher the phenological responses of plants in the last 200 years. An understanding of historical and current flowering patterns
could help explain the changes that have occurredin the past and, therefore, the key factors that havedetermined the adaptation of this species to different types of environments. The present study offersa synthetic view of the natural distribution area of Linum bienne, including an herbarium database anda distribution model, correlating climatic data andJulian day through geographic gradients with theaim of understanding how the patterns of flowering and fruiting phenology have changed in space
and time. The data obtained will help determine thephenological changes that have occurred in thespecies, and can serve as a model for the projectionof the distribution patterns of this and similar species in a context of global change.

P.0355 An interactive model
to test ecological andevolutionary hypotheses on
incipient polyploid species
Juan S. Schneider1, Ana I. Honfi1, Anna V.
Reutemann2, Diego H. Hojsgaard3
1 Instituto de Biología Subtropical (PEFyGV, IBS, UNaM-CONICET), Posadas, Argentina. 2 Instituto de
Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE, UNNE-CONICET),
Corrientes, Argentina. 3 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben,
Germany.
Polyploidization is commonly associated with reproductive changes towards self-fertility and apomixis.
Both self-fertility and apomixis provide reproductive
assurance and an advantage for range expansion.
More recently, the transient expression of apomixis post-polyploidization has been hypothesized tohave an important role in the demographic establishment of a new polyploid. To test this hypothesis, we used NetLogo, an open-source multi-agent
software, and built a framework that target perennial hermaphrodite plants with overlapping genera-tions with a command center capable of modifying
different individuals’ attributes and most relevant
variables that affect the speed of formation, establishment and expansion of neopolyploids in anatural-like environment. A workspace with individually occupied patches was subjected to an environmental background determined by bioclimatic and soil variables. Two attributes, i.e. “Individual
Adaptivity”, and “Fitness” were summoned to control
the population dynamics. We computed in two reproductive alternatives, diploid sexuals and polyploid apomicts, with specific types of inheritance ofindividual´s attributes and similar pollen and seeddispersal capabilities. Simulations starting with agroup of diploid individuals run for a minimum 1000
iterations and were repeated 1000 times to accountfor stochasticity. Results show that production of unreduced gametes up to a certain minimum is key
for polyploid formation. Triploids, when incorporated,enhanced the speed of the establishment of tetraploid lineages. Apomixis improved the rate of neopolyploids within the parental diploid population,and decreased the average number of generations
required to demographic establishment. The present analysis provides useful information on the dynamics of diploid-polyploid populations that originates agamic polyploid complexes, and showcase
the model as a user-friendly, interactive tool for interrogating ecological and evolutionary questions.

P.0356 Anatomical variationof Cactaceae (Coryphantha
and Mammillaria) ingreenhouse and wildconditions.
Mayte Stefany Jiménez-Noriega 1, Teresa
Terrazas2, Alejandro De la Rosa-Tilapa1,
Dalia Grego-Valencia3
1 Jardín Botánico FES-Cuautitlán. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Mexico. 2 Departamento de
Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico. 3 Facultad deEstudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Mexico.
This study explores the possible anatomical variations of Cactaceae species (Coryphantha cornifera,
C. clavata, C. radians and Mammillaria magnimamma) that were grown under greenhouse conditions
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ed in wild. Three individuals per species per condition were fixed and sectioned in three regions of
the stem, processed using the conventional paraffintechnique and were stained with safranin and fastgreen. Measurements were obtained for each of
the tissues studied, to which tests of normality andhomogeneity of variance were applied, followed by
one-way variance and Tukey’s mean pairwise comparison analyses. All species present simple epidermis, hypodermis of 1 to 3 layers depending on
the species. The species grown in both conditions
conserved most of the characters. For example,
calcium oxalate crystals in the hypodermis in Coryphantha. The differences between both conditions
were found in the quantitative characters and in
the abundant lignification of cortex and pith which
probably will be deleterious for re-introductions to
the wild. With this lignification of primary walls of
the fundamental tissue of the succulent stems may
lose the dehydration-rehydration capacity and thiswould be disadvantageous for species exposed toperiodic droughts. We conclude that special attention should be given to the horticultural practices(supply of nutrients and watering) to avoid structural modifications.

P.0357 Plant diversity of theclimate changes monitoring
Cite Kuchak

cens (96%), and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (94%). Almost
all genera include one species in the study area; just
Carex, Galium, Pyrola, and Trifolium include five species each. The richest families in species were Asteraceae (25 species), Poaceae (20), Rosaceae (17),Ericaceae (13), Fabaceae (12). We recorded the following species, protected in Tyumen region: Actaea
spicata, Cypripedium guttatum, Hemipilia cucullata, Tilia cordata. We registered eight invasive alien
species (e.g., Malus baccata, Matricaria discoidea).
Four more alien species were found at the border ofthe model site (Acer negundo, Amelanchier spicata, Chelidonium majus), and Parthenocissus inserta, which were not known previously here. 25-year
studies have demonstrated an increase in abundance and distribution of nemoral (like Daphne
mezereum) and steppe (Stipa pennata) species inthe study area. The vitality, abundance and numberof localities of boreal species (like Abies sibirica) aredecreasing. These trends are probably associatedwith the climate changes in Western Siberia.

P.0358 The determinants ofthe geographic variation inwithin-population genetic
diversityNaïs Laporte1, Roberta Gargiulo2, Samuel
Pironon2,3

Igor V. Kuzmin1, Anatoliy A. Khapugin1

1 TULIP-GS University Research School, Toulouseand Perpignan, France. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 3 Queen Mary
University of London, London, United Kingdom.

1 University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia.
Protected nature area Guzeneevo is situated on
the shores of freshwater lakes among pine and aspen-birch forests (subtaiga) in the Western Siberia. Here, we have been studying vegetation coverfrom 1999 to the present. In 2021, Greenhouse Gases,
Climate Changes and Biodiversity monitoring cite
(carbon polygon) Kuchak (57.348973, 66.056108) has
been founded here, being a part of the Monitoring
Cites Network in Siberia. In 2023, we have studied thefirst, model, site of this area represented by a triangle shape with 1-km sides. We studied vascular plant
diversity on 72 10×10-m study plots. Within them, we
made 2247 observations, 6693 digital photographs.
110 herbarium specimens were collected. They havebeen introduced to our biodiversity database. On
the model site, 194 native and alien species from 136
genera and 46 families have been found. The highest
frequency of occurrences has been noted for Pinus
sylvestris (presented on 100% plots), Betula pubes-

The Convention on Biological Diversity recognizes intraspecific genetic diversity as one of the three fundamental levels of biodiversity, which serves as the raw
material for evolutionary processes, facilitating adaptation, resilience, and response to changing environmental conditions. However, genetic diversity remains
difficult to estimate within populations at large spatial
and taxonomic scales, impeding the upscaling of conservation actions. Several models have been proposed
to explain the geographic variation of within-population genetic diversity, including the “centre-periphery
hypothesis”, which suggests a gradual decrease of
population genetic diversity from the core to the edgeof species’ ranges due to decreasing environmental
suitability and increasing isolation. However, empirical assessments of this hypothesis have produced
conflicting results, partly because of the uncertainties
associated with the definition of species’ ranges, and197

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the number of centre-periphery measures employed.
Based on an extensive literature review and statisticalanalyses including species distribution modelling, weinvestigate whether the distribution of within-population genetic diversity of 284 plant and animal species
can be explained by the contemporary structure of
species’ geographic and climatic ranges, and potential historical changes in climatic suitability. By assessing geographic, climatic and historical determinantsof the distribution of within-population genetic diversity, we provide a better understanding of the extent
to which general rules can support the prioritization of
populations for conservation and the forecasting ofspecies’ responses to future environmental change,
thus bolstering strategies for biodiversity preservationand management.

P.0360 Using remotesensing in evaluation offlora and vegetation due
to urban development in
Tirana City
Ajola Mesiti1, Marjol Meço2, Ermelinda
Mahmutaj1, Petrit Hoda1
1 Research Center of Flora and Fauna, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania. 2 Department of
Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania.
Albania ranks 5th in the world in terms of the pollutants levels released into the air from different sectors,
and mainly for air quality in urban areas. As a result,in the last ten years, the number of people who complain about breathing problems and stress has doubled. This situation is thought to be mainly caused byheavy traffic in urban areas, combined with the use of
relatively old machines, which release larger amountsof gases, as well as the quality of fuel in the market.
The situation is further aggravated by the pronounced
lack of green spaces, which are always decreasing
due to urban construction activity, often outside therequirements, as well as by the uncontrolled load ofpollutants released in urban areas by many businesses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the longterm changes in floristic diversity and vegetation, in atime frame such as 2000-2020, every five years. This
time-frame corresponds with important changes of
the Tirana’s urban area border. Through GIS are interpolated the orthophotos and it turns out that is thatthe city has tripled its area while reducing habitats
and threatening important plant species.

P.0361 Bee phenologicalpatterns in tropical andsubtropical regions
Paula M. Montoya - Pfeiffer1, Leonor
Patricia Cerdeira Morellato2
1,2 São Paulo State University and Research Center
for Biodiversity Dynamics and Climate Change, Rio
Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
The temporal activity of bees in temperate regions
is mainly determined by the marked seasonality oftemperature throughout the year. In contrast, thephenological pattern of bees in tropical and subtropical regions is expected to be more continuous
due to the reduced temperature variability throughout the year. Despite this assumption, several speciesof tropical and subtropical bees have shown different levels of seasonality, but the extrinsic and intrinsic factors explaining their phenological patterns
are still poorly understood. In this study, we review
the phenological patterns of bee species in Brazilian tropical and subtropical regions and assess theirrelationships with bee traits and climatic variability.
Our results show that solitary bee species, nesting in
the ground, have shorter activity periods comparedto social species nesting in cavities. Bee activity was
more continuous in warmer climates, primarily focusing on the warmer months of the year. However,activity periods did not reveal a regional pattern in
response to precipitation regimes. The implicationsof these variable seasonal patterns and the factors
driving them in the potential responses of bees toglobal warming are discussed.

P.0362 Distribution ofgenetic and phenotypicvariation among and within
populations of the annual
plant Arabidopsis thaliana

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Xavier Picó1, Antonio R. Castilla2, Belén
Méndez-Vigo3, Raúl de la Mata4, Arnald
Marcer5, Carlos Alonso-Blanco3
1 Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain. 2
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA. 3 Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain. 4 Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain. 5 CREAF-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.

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The location of populations across a species’ distribution determines its evolutionary dynamics due to the
combination of forces acting upon the genetic andphenotypic variation in populations from different environments. A comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of any species requires the quantification of the amount of variation in populations andthe identification of the drivers of genetic and phenotypic variation in contrasting environments. Addressingthese goals require large-scale approaches tacklingthe distribution of genetic and phenotypic variation
among and within populations, which are relevant tocomprehend the response of populations in increasingly changing environments. In this contribution, weshowcase research conducted on the extent of genetic differentiation among populations as well as on thespatiotemporal dynamics of genetic variation within
populations of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana
across its Iberian range. We highlight the role of isolation-by-distance shaping large-scale geographic patterns of genetic differentiation and the lack of relationship between the geographical location of populations
and their genetic variation, which seems to be determined by variation in precipitation seasonality. In addition, we show the enormous genetic variation that A.
thaliana populations can contain in core environments.
In edge environments, we find less genetic variation, but
surprisingly, all populations maintain high levels of phenotypic variation and plasticity irrespective of its coreor edge location. Overall, we conclude that, althoughgeographical and environmental factors determine
the distribution of genetic variation among and within
populations, the maintenance of phenotypic variationand plasticity represents an asset for A. thaliana populations to endure in changing environments

Global Change has made extreme climate events
more frequent and intense around the world. In Central-North Brazil, warming and severe droughts, driven
by El Niño, promote changes in vegetation. Here, we
present the results of 27 years of vegetation monitoring in a valley forest, in the Amazonia-Cerrado biomes
interface. During the study, a fire occurred in part of theforest (2010), and several warming and drought events,
but we emphasize the impacts of El Niño 2015/2016 ontree density, species richness and floristic composition.
We inventoried 18 permanent plots (600 m2) in 1996,
1999, 2003, 2006, 2010, 2016, and 2023 and recorded thetrees with a diameter greater than 5 cm, measured
at 1.3 m above the ground. Between 1996 and 2023 weobserved a 16.2% reduction in tree density (1335 to 1118),with the largest decrease (-14.0%) occurring between
2010 and 2023 (before and after El Niño 15/16). In previous years, the variation in density ranged from -1.7%
to +0.4%. Throughout the study we counted 212 species,
with the majority (6P.%) being present all time, 14.6%
was registered in a single year and the rest were present between two and six inventories. 57 species wereadded to the floristic list between 1996 and 2023, and29 species were no longer recorded in the area. Thesechanges were concentrated in species with low density(n < 3). Species richness increased between 1996 (157
species) and 2023 (168), but changed little between theyears recorded (-1.2% to +5.0%), with greater species
turnover between 2010 and 2023. Cyclical fluctuations,which alternate periods of increase followed by reduction in tree density and species richness, as recorded inthis study, is a natural process in tropical forests. However, extreme climate events have altered this balance,increasing tree mortality and accelerating the replacement of species.

P.0363 Impact of extreme
climate events on tree
density and species
richness in valley forest,in the Amazonia-Cerradotransition, Brazil

P.0364 Climatic change
scenarios and land use/land cover analysis for
Asphodelus bento-rainhae
subsp. bento-rainhae, aPortuguese endangered
speciesJosé R. R. Pinto1,2, Jéssica D. S. Pinheiro1,
Milton S. Meira-Junior3
1 Department of Forestry Engineering, University of
Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. 2 Reference Center for Nature Conservation and Recovery of Degraded Areas, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. 3 Instituteof Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, Brazil.

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Alice M. Almeida 1, Fernanda Delgado1,2,Natália Roque 1,2, Maria M. Ribeiro 1,2,3*,
Paulo Fernandez1,2,4
1 IPCB—Polytechnic Institute of Castelo, Polytechnic
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and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal. 3 CEF—Forest Research Centre, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal.
4 MED&CHANGE—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE–
Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Évora
University, Évora, Portugal.
Asphodelus bento-rainhae P. Silva (Asphodelaceae),
is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula, known
in this region by abrótea, abrótega, gamão, gamon or
bengala-de-são-josé, and first described in 1956 by
the botanist and agronomist Pinto da Silva. Due to theongoing decrease in the area and quality of its habitat, Asphodelus bento-rainhae subsp. bento-rainhae(AbR) was classified as “Endangered” by the Portuguese Red List of Vascular Flora and as vulnerable
on the International Union for the Conservation of
Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. This
study focused on AbR, an endemic plant found onlyin Serra da Gardunha, Portugal. MaxEnt was used toestimate the AbR distribution for the present and thefuture (2050) using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP3-7. To evaluate and quantify LULC variations
over time, the Portuguese LULC maps from 1951–1980,
1995, 2007, and 2018 were used. The results showedthat the predicted distribution of AbR at this time isconsistent with its actual distribution, which is unaffected by the projected future changes in climate.
The notable shifts in LULC were noted from 1951–1980
to 1995. Given the economic significance of cherries
to the area, it is assumed that future changes in LULC
will result in a reduction in the species’ occurrence
area and an increase in the area covered by cherry orchards. It is imperative to put conservation andhabitat management measures into place, as well as
to support forestry and agricultural activities that arecompatible with the species’ conservation and habitat restoration, in order to save this rare species fromgoing extinct in the future.

P.0365 Tree population
changes in an Amazonian
forestRenato Valencia1, Consuelo Hernández2,
Queenborough Simon2
1 Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católlica del Ecuador, Ecuador. 2 Yale University, Yale School of the Environment, USA.
We studied population changes of >600 species oftrees and shrubs over a period of 22 years (threetime intervals), in a large, terra firme forest plot (25-ha) located in Amazonian Ecuador. Because of climate warming, Amazonian forests could experiencedroughts and other alterations that are expected toaffect population stability and produce significant
population changes. We explore how large are thosechanges and if they are constant in the three-time
intervals. We also explore if such changes are greater in the less humid ridges or in the humid valleys.
We found that populations of only <1% of the species
increased or decreased significantly (e.g., >5 timesof the original population). Contrary to our expectations, species populations increased more in (dry)ridges than in (wet) valleys. A small portion of thespecies (<1%), increased systematically during thethree study intervals. Our results are preliminary, butthey suggest that species with wood density below
the community mean are becoming more important in the forest community.

P.0366 Population genomics
and adaptive evolutionof the altitude-disjunctdistribution of Orobanche
coerulescens in Taiwan
Sih-Chen Yu1, Akihiro Nishimura2, Koji
Takayama2, Renata Piwowarczyk3,
Young-Dong Kim4, Meng-Yuan Huang1,
Yu-Hsin Tseng1
1 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung
Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. 2 Departmentof Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 3 Center for Research andConservation of Biodiversity, Department of Environmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland. 4 Departmentof Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon,
Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
Global warming has become the most serious
threat to current ecosystems, demanding a comprehensive understanding of potential mechanisms for organisms to endure extreme climatesto prevent a widespread biodiversity crisis. To detect whether climate change has led to local adaptations within a species, population structure
analysis and adaptive evolution are necessary
for species adapted to distinct temperature regions. Orobanche coerulescens (Orobanchaceae), a holoparasitic plant, mainly distributes in thetemperate regions of the Eurasian continent, with
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and being the only population capable of growing
in subtropical and tropical regions. Furthermore,
O. coerulescens populations in Taiwan exhibit analtitude-disjunct distribution, occurring in coastal
areas and altitudes above 2,500 meters. However, the mechanism of natural adaptation to varying temperatures and distinctive distribution in O.
coerulescens remains to be clarified. This study
focuses on O. coerulescens to investigate population genomics and evolutionary adaptation under its disjunct distribution between high and low
altitudes. Morphological analysis reveals an inter-mediate overlap among individuals in montane
and coastal regions in Taiwan, suggesting a slightdifferentiation between two altitudes in O. coerulescens. Subsequently, utilizing population genomics with a ddRAD sequencing strategy, we aim
to explore population structure and origin, dispersal pathways, and genetic diversity. This researchcontributes to formulating conservation policies
for endangered plants and provides crucial insights for the global biological community facing
climate change.

S.048. ECOLOGICAL DRIVERS OF PALM
SPECIATION
P.0367 Interplay of soil
chemistry and rainfall
patterns: Understanding theecology of canopy Palms in
the Chocó Biogeographic
RegionCamilo Palacios-Hurtado1,2, Juan
Carlos Copete3, Harley Quinto4, Riley
Fortier1, Felipe Cardona5, Don FaberLangendoen6, Álvaro Duque2
1 Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami,
USA. 2 Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia. 3 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary
Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 4
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Tecnológica Del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia. 5
Herbario Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad de
Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 6 NatureServe, Arlington, Vancouver, USA.
The Chocó Biogeographic region’s tropical rainforest stands out as one of the globe’s largest
hotspots for plant diversity. Among its key inhabitants, canopy palms play a vital role, given their
dominance, species richness, and varied growthforms. Despite their significance, the ecologicalnuances of these palms remain insufficiently explored. Across 14 one-hectare plots spanning a
450 km gradient, we delved into species abundance, dominance, growth forms, and basal
area. Linear regressions scrutinized the links be-

tween these components and environmental
factors like precipitation, pH, organic matter, andphosphorus content. Our study documented 878
individuals across 17 species with a DBH exceeding 10 cm, with Oenocarpus bataua (187 individuals), Welfia regia (141), and Astrocaryum standleyanum (138) emerging as the top three mostabundant species. On average, we recorded 62
individuals and 1.24 m2 of basal area per hectare, with 97.2 % of these palms exhibiting solitary
stems. Positive and significant correlations surfaced between species count, individual count,
and annual precipitation alongside organic matter, while negative associations linked species
count to pH. Additionally, phosphorus showed
positive relationships with the number of species,
and basal area (m2), although the associations
were not statistically significant Principal component analysis (PCA) explored climatic and soil
variables’ relationships. PC1, explaining 39.86% of
the variance, is predominantly influenced by annual precipitation and annual temperature range,
while PC2 (23.45% variance) is linked to variables
like annual mean temperature and isothermality. Climatic variables appeared more influential
in the first two components, but soil variables retain importance. This comprehensive study unveils the intricate ecological dynamics of canopy
palms in the world’s wettest rainforest, highlighting specific environmental factors’ pivotal role inshaping their distribution and abundance.

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S.049. ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND GENETICSOF STYLAR POLYMORPHISMS: LINKING FORM &FUNCTION
P.0368 Global distribution
patterns of style-length
polymorphisms

its occurrence was not associated to tropicality or
biodiversity hotspots. Style-length polymorphism
showed a strong phylogenetic signal even whenexcluding the genera of the highly represented
family Rubiaceae from the analyses. The parallel
high occurrence of dioecy and style-length polymorphism in oceanic islands supports the hypothesis of the evolutionary transition from style-length
polymorphism towards dioecy in these habitats.

Letícia R. Novaes 1,*, Rafael MolinaVenegas 2, Violeta I. Simón-Porcar 1, Juan
Arroyo 1
1 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. *lrodrigues@
us.es. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain.
Style-length polymorphisms consist of two or threefloral morphs within a population, with a reciprocalarrangement of stigma and anther heights, which
enforces outcrossing in plants by contacting different parts of the pollinator’s body with flower sex
organs while avoiding self-fertilization. Other plant
breeding systems, such as dioecy or self-incompatibility have been traditionally associated withtropical environments, biodiversity hotspots andoceanic islands. Tropical regions and biodiversity hotspots are known for their higher diversity ofpollinators and plants, more complex pollination
networks, and a higher level of specialization. Oceanic islands may, on the one hand, hamper colonization by self-incompatible species due to theirinability to reproduce without pollination agents(Baker´s law) but, on the other hand, they host asignificantly high occurrence of dioecy. Most of
style-polymorphic plants are self-incompatible.
In this study, we aim to unravel the distribution
patterns of style-length polymorphism, which arestill poorly understood. We investigated the historical and biogeographical determinants of theoccurrence of style-length polymorphisms acrossall angiosperm genera at a global scale. Specifically, we tested for style-length polymorphism: (i)the existence of phylogenetic signal, (ii) the lower
or higher occurrence in oceanic islands, and (iii)the higher frequency in tropical regions and biodiversity hotspots. Our results suggest that the occurrence of style-length polymorphism is significantly conserved in the angiosperm phylogeny.
We also found a significantly higher presence inoceanic islands (similarly to dioecious plants), but

P.0369 Mating patterns
and genetic diversity at
the S locus in populationsof a distylous jasmine(Chrysojasminum fruticans,
Oleaceae)
Célia Paris1, Hervé Gryta1, Pierre-Olivier
Cheptou2, Mathilde Dufay2, Anne-LaureFuchs1, Guillaume Besnard1
1 Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement, CNRS-IRD-INP-Université Toulouse 3,
Toulouse, France. 2 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle
et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier-CNRS-Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France.
Distyly, the reciprocal positioning of anthers andstigmas in flowers of different plants, is a genetic
polymorphism whereby two floral morphs occur in
populations. This is often associated with genetic
self-incompatibility and this trait combination isthought to have evolved convergently as an adaptation favoring outcrossing in insect-pollinatedAngiosperms. Distyly and self-incompatibility areoften encoded by the same hemizygous supergene (hereafter the S locus), present in a single
copy in short-styled flowers and absent in longstyled individuals. To date, the genetic basis andmolecular evolution of these traits remain poorly
understood. Investigating mating patterns in relation to the variation at the S locus in populations
may allow a better understanding of the functioning of these traits, in particular by document-202

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ing crosses between floral morphs and assessing the selfing rate among individuals. Here, weinvestigate the Mediterranean distylous Jasmine(Chrysojasminum fruticans) from the Oleaceae
family, whose S locus was inherited from its ancestor more than 80 million years ago. Thirty-four
microsatellite markers were developed including adozen located in the S locus to build an extensive
dataset of genotyped individuals from 16 natural
populations and an experimental one. Parentage
analyses on progenies sampled in four populations (the experimental and three natural populations) were first conducted to describe mating
patterns. Then, we investigated how the genetic
diversity at the S locus is structured within andbetween populations of C. fruticans in southern
France, in comparison with their neutral genetic
diversity. Finally, the occurrence of any recombination event at the S locus was also investigated.
Although the expected mating patterns in distylous populations (i.e., crosses between short andlong-style, with no possible selfing) have been set
up decades ago, this study will be one of the firsttesting this hypothesis using population genetics.

self-incompatibility are known in buckwheat, they
represent a valuable material for deeper investigation of self-incompatibility mechanisms. Here we
report the study of three self-compatible lines, twowith short-styled homostyly (HS8 and HS5) and one
with long-styled homostyly. The genes controllingthe dimorphism and self-incompatibility are combined into the S-locus – the non-recombining regionof the genome which is hemizygous in SS plants andabsent in LS plants. One of the key genes at the S-locus is S-ELF3 gene. According to current paradigm,
self-fertile homostyly is usually associated with thedisruption of S-ELF3. We performed transcriptome
analysis of these homostyle lines and found that in
the short-styled homostyle lines S-ELF3 is expressed
and its ORF is intact, in contrast to the long-styled
homostyle line. A more recent in-depth analysis of
the HS8 line, involving chromosomal genome assembly, showed that the S-locus is disrupted in thisline: S-ELF3 is located separately, on a different chromosome, away from other parts of the S-locus. Thisshows a one more way of degeneration of heterostyly and self-incompatibility in buckwheat, not associated with loss of S-ELF3 function.

P.0370 Genomic andtranscriptomic investigationof new self-compatiblelines of common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum)
Sofia R. Prokopchuk1, Mikhail I. Schelkunov2,
Aleksey A. Penin2, Ivan N. Fesenko3, Nikolai
N. Fesenko3, Maria D. Logacheva1
1 Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow,
Russia. 2 Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institutefor Information Transmission Problems of theRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 3
Breeding Centre, Laboratory of Buckwheat Breeding, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution“Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat
Crops”, Orel, Russia.
Buckwheat is a vital crop, rich in essential nutrients crucial for functional nutrition. Buckwheat is across-pollinated plant which outcrossing is ensured
by heterostyly – the development of different floral
morphs (short styled, SS and long styled, LS) - alongwith some self-incompatibility mechanisms thatprevent fertilization between plants of the same
floral morph. However, the mutants with break of203

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S.050. ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN
THE ANTHROPOCENE
P.0371 Surviving minetailings: antioxidative
enzyme activities inselected plant species

P.0372 Univariate responses
of certain Potamogeton
species to physicochemical
properties of water

Uroš Aleksić1, Isidor Grdović2, Milijana
Kovačević2, Tamara Rakić2, Nikola
Milanović1, Gordana Andrejić1

Dragana Jenačković Gocić1, Ivana Kostić
Kokić1, Danica Vukotić1, Irena Raca1,
Danijela Nikolić1, Gordana Andrejić2,
Tatjana Anđelković1

1 University of Belgrade, Institute for the Applicationof Nuclear Energy, Belgrade, Serbia. 2 University ofBelgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia.
Mine tailings are a specific substrate that remains after the physical and chemical processing of ores inmines. They are rich in heavy metals and lack essential
macronutrients, which is extremely unfavourable forthe growth and survival of plants. The aim of this study
was to determine the accumulation patterns of Pb, Cu,
Zn, Fe and Cd in Silene vulgaris, Arrenatherum elatius
and Lotus corniculatus and to evaluate their effects onmembrane lipid peroxidation (MDA), total antioxidant
capacity, photosynthetic pigment, protein content andantioxidant enzyme activities (ascorbate peroxidase,
catalase, total soluble peroxidase) in the roots andshoots of the plants. The study showed a significant
accumulation of all investigated metals, especially inthe roots, with the exception of S. vulgaris, which accumulated more Zn in the shoots. Such high metal
concentrations significantly affected the biochemical parameters and led to an increase in MDA levels,
disruption of pigment concentrations and altered enzyme activities. The roots of S. vulgaris showed a significant decrease in total soluble peroxidase activity
compared to the control, indicating enzyme inhibitionat very high metal concentrations as observed in theroot system. This emphasises that the results showedthat high metal and mineral deficiency in plants fromthe flotation tailings caused profound physiologicalstress in both below- and above-ground plant parts,
causing oxidative burst and indicating the importanceof the enzymatic component of the plant antioxidant
system in the defence against stress caused by highmetal concentrations. In addition, the metal concentrations detected in analyzed plant species indicate
their potential use in phytoremediation.

1 Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Niš, Serbia 2
Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Belgrade, Serbia.
The main aim of this study has been to determine
univariate responses of 6 Potamogeton species(P. crispus, P. lucens, P. natans, P. nodosus, P. perfoliatus and P. pusillus) to physicochemical water
properties ˗ minimum depth, pH, electroconductivity, concentration of nitrite, nitarte, phosphate, sulphate, fluoride, bromide, and chloride anions. The
Huisman-Olff-Fresco models have been used formodeling the species response curves based on
the untransformed data on species abundanceand environmental variables for 270 samples. Potamogeton crispus is indifferent to all, while the otherPotamogeton species are indifferent to two (P. lucens ˗ nitrite and phosphate; P. natans ˗ phosphateand sulphate; P. pusillus ˗ nitrite and fluoride), four
(P. perfoliatus - electroconductivity, phosphate, sulphate and bromide), and five variables (P. nodosus ˗ electroconductivity, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate,
fluoride and bromide). Potamogeton lucens shows
the tendency to grow in deep, alkaline (optimum
pH value: 8.6) water with low electroconductivity (103–201 μS/cm), and concentration of sulphate(2.6–10.5 mg/L), bromide (2.6–10.5 mg/L) and chloride (2.6–10.5 mg/L). Potamogeton natans prefers
deep, strong alkaline water (optimum pH value: 9.3)
with low electroconductivity (37.7–252.6 μS/cm),
poor in nitrite, nitrate, and rich in fluoride, bromide
and chloride. Potamogeton nodosus has wide ecological valences regarding minimum water depth(5–117 cm), pH (7.6–9.7), sulphate (2.6–796.2 mg/L),
and chloride (359.8–3188.7 mg/L). Potamogeton
perfoliatus has ecological affinities to deep, alkaline water with high concentration of nitrate (8.7–11.5

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pusillus that prefers shallow, strong alkaline waterwith lower concentration of nitrate (0.4–1.6 mg/L)
and higher amount of chloride (137.6–3527.3 mg/L).
These data are a valuable basis for better understanding the ecology of the analyzed species, sothey can be used in activities that are oriented towards restoration, conservation and managementof freshwater habitats.

P.0373 Bryophytes of
the South Patagonian
Icefield, Chile: insights into
biodiversity, human impacts
and ecophysiology forconservation.
Victor Ardiles1,2, Álvaro Promis3, Enrique
Zamora4, Fernanda Gallardo4, Jaume
Flexas2, Marc Carriquí2
1 Área Botánica y Herbario SGO, Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural, Santiago, Chile. 2 Universitat de lesIlles Balears – Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua, Palma, Spain.
3 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 4 Instituto Chileno de Campos de Hielo,
Santiago. Chile.
The accessibility of human activities to glacial regions within the South Patagonian Icefield holds significant implications for the conservation and management of plant biodiversity in subantarctic zones.
Non-vascular plants, mainly mosses and liverworts,
which play a pivotal role in primary ecological succession, nitrogen fixation, and soil formation in theseareas, are potentially sensitive to human trampling.
This study (2015-2020) aims to characterize themoss and liverwort flora in two glacial regions situated of the South Patagonian Icefield: Jorge Montt(JM) and Pío XI (PXI) glaciers, located at S 48° and
S 49°, respectively. Additionally, this research addresses potential threats and proposes monitoringmeasures, with a focus on “trampling” as a primary
anthropogenic disturbance affecting mosses andliverworts from these areas (change in coverageby biological type and colony life’s pan). The floristic
study considers altitude gradients ranging from 200
to 1,100 meters above sea level. The findings reveal
a total of 76 species, with 43 identified in JM and 51
in PXI, predominantly consisting of mosses and liverworts native and endemic to subantarctic areas.

Three indicator species for JM and nine for PXI wereidentified. Three groups or associations of species
were identified for JM, and five for PXI, considering
the influence of environmental variables specific toeach study area. Altitude and the percentage of surface rock were identified as key variables explaining
these associations. Alongside the floristic results, thisstudy introduces sustainability indicators for mosses and liverworts, specifically designed for potential
tourist routes accessing the South Patagonian Icefield plateau. Finally, we suggest the urge to investigate the combined effect of alien species, global
warming and the increasing influx of visitors to theseecosystems on the ecophysiology of the non-vascular plant communities from these remote areas.

P.0374 The effect ofincreasing Li concentrations
on physiological stressparameters in Miscanthus ×
giganteus plants
Isidor Grdović1, Milijana Kovačević1,
Gordana Andrejić2, Uroš Aleksić2, Tamara
Rakić1
1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade,
Serbia. 2 University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Belgrade, Serbia.
Ecological problems caused by increased lithium
concentrations in soil and groundwater arise fromlithium mine waste and the improper disposal oflithium-ion batteries, which are found in all areasof modern life – from electronic devices to electricvehicles and battery storage systems. Current scientific literature lacks comprehensive data on thephysiological consequences of the accumulation of
Li-ions in plants and their practical use in the phytoremediation process. The aim of this study was todetermine the accumulation pattern of Li in roots,rhizome, stem and leaves of Miscanthus × giganteus and to investigate the effects of increasing Li
concentrations on the accumulation and transportof mineral elements in the plant, electrolyte leakage,
membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA) level, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activities. The study showed efficient Li accumulation
by Miscanthus plants, even at the highest Li concentrations, especially in roots and leaves. Accumulated
Li showed significant effects on Cu and Mn accumulation, increased electrolyte leakage and MDA levels,

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decreased chlorophyll (a, b) and total carotenoid
content, and altered antioxidant enzyme activities inroots and leaves. The results obtained showed that
exposure to higher Li concentrations induces physiological stress in Miscanthus, leading to negative
effects on its cellular integrity and photosynthetic
processes. Despite the induced stress, the effective
Li accumulation indicates its potential use in phytoremediation.

P.0375 Does hydraulicredistribution provide
climate resilience to thelongleaf pine ecosystem?
Thomas L. O’Halloran,1,2, Jean-Christophe
Domec3, Jamie A. Duberstein1, Cheng-Wei
Huang4, A. Christopher Oishi5, Brian Viner6,
Thomas M. Williams1
1 Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Georgetown, USA. 2 Department of Forestry
and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, USA. 3 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC/Bordeaux
Sciences Agro, Bordeaux, France. 4 Portland State
University, Portland, USA. 5 USDA Forest Service,
Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic
Laboratory, Otto, USA. 6 Savannah River National
Laboratory, Aiken, USA.
Longleaf pine forests were once expansive acrossthe southeastern United States (SEUS). Due to changing economic values in forestry, over time, longleaf
forests were extensively harvested and graduallyshifted to other tree species or land uses altogether. Subsequently, several plant and animal species
that associated strongly with this ecosystem are
now threatened or endangered. Furthermore, thelongleaf understory is recognized for harboring very
high levels of plant biodiversity. There is now a substantial effort underway to restore this ecosystem
across its original range. One major question thathas emerged from this restoration effort is whether the ecosystem will be resilient to projected futureclimate change. In the SEUS this is forecast to include more extreme hydrological variability, whereby total rainfall will remain relatively constant but will
be delivered over fewer, more intense rain events interspersed with periods of drought. Higher temperatures are also projected to increase atmosphericvapor pressure deficit (VPD)--the driving force ofevapotranspiration–which provides a stressor toplants. Longleaf pine forests are known to exhibit hy-

draulic redistribution (HR), a process through which
the trees’ large tap roots contribute to a net movement of water from deep to shallow soil layers. Thiscan have significant implications for plants that depend on shallow soil moisture and therefore overall ecosystem function. Predicted increases in VPD
may decrease nighttime HR if nocturnal transpiration consumes the majority of root water uptake orincrease total HR if stomatal closure halts water flow
through the trunk. In this presentation we overview a
new project in coastal South Carolina designed toquantify the functional sensitivity of HR and related
plant water storage dynamics to abiotic drivers. The
project includes extensive in situ measurements ofsoil-plant-atmosphere water dynamics and modeling studies designed to forecast the ability of HR
to provide climate resilience under future climatechange.

P.0376 The effect of earlylight and water conditions
for the seedlings ofchamomille (Matricaria
chamomilla L.)
Erika Pénzesné Kónya1
1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary.
It is evident that the environmental conditions
during the first weeks of germination has effect for
all the life span of several annual plant species.
The examined species is chamomille (Matricaria
chamomilla L.), an important and valuable wild
medicinal plant species growing in the plain protected areas of Hungary. Tthis annual medicinal
plant is known in connection with the medicinal
comounds and the traditional use of it. Our aim
with the experiment was to simulate different light
conditions and a water flooding which occasionally occur in plain areas after winter or in autumn.
The climatic chamber treatment of seeds was divided into the treatents under two different light
spectra and colour temperature of LED lights withpermanent light expositions of seeds using two
different temperatures After the treatment the results show different growing features of the plants
comparing with control individuals. The resultsof the experiments show the adaptability of thespecies to different light and water conditions of
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productability of the species during the extreme
weather conditions of last decades. Acknowledgments: The research is supported by the supportof OTKA143376 application of Hungarian Academyof Sciences.

P.0377 Unravelingphenotypic divergencein polyploids as a driverof adaptive potential in
response to drought

water status, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments were recordedon the first day, at the peak of drought stress, andduring the recovery period. By the 18th day of treatment, both cytotypes exhibited signs of water stress.
In general, the 2x cytotype exhibited higher signsof water stress (a decrease in leaf relative watercontent). Furthermore, our results suggest that cytotypes show different photochemical strategies tocope with drought stress, which play a crucial role indetermining their current distribution and their adaptation to arid conditions.

P.0378 Understanding
water stress and light
exposure interplay in four
Atlantic Forest species usedin ecological restoration
projects

Alba Rodríguez Parra1, Javier López
Jurado1, Jesús Picazo Aragonés1, Mario
Fernández Martínez1, Claudia Moreno
Portillo1, Enrique Mateos Naranjo1, Anass
Terrab Benjelloun1, Francisco Balao
Robles1
1 University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Polyploidy is recognized as one of the most significant factors in plant evolution. The successful establishment of polyploids is attributed to the genetic, physiological, and morphological changes
that occur in polyploids would allow them to better
resist environmental stresses such as drought andincreased temperature, allowing them to occupy
more extreme environments. These adaptations
would be promoted by the greater plasticity of the
genome of the autopolyploids through changes ingene expression. Consequently, understanding therole of ecological divergence and dissimilarities inphenotypic traits among neopolyploids becomes
crucial for enhancing our comprehension of polyploid evolution. This study aims to elucidate theecophysiological difference between cytotypes in
response to drought, using the Mediterranean autopolyploid Dianthus broteri complex as a study
system. This complex comprises four ploidy levels(2x, 4x, 6x, and 12x) and parapatric monocytotypic
populations along an arid gradient in the Iberian
Peninsula. This fact suggests that the coexistence
among cytotypes is not stable and polyploids appear to have been displaced towards the most extreme niches along an aridity gradient. Therefore,
we conducted an experiment to assess physiological traits linked to drought, acclimation and plant
recovery in two cytotypes (2x and 6x). For this purpose, plants were subjected to lack of irrigation up
to 40% soil water content (“extreme drought”). PlantJoão P. Taranto1, 2, Fernanda da C. G.
Ferreira1, Jerônimo Sansevero3, Dulce
Mantuano2
1 Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal Rural do
Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The predicted rise of atmospheric temperatures andthe changes in rainfall patterns coupled with the inevitable stress caused by the planting of the seedlings will enhance the probability of seedlings goingunder stress. The drought prompts stomatal closure,
limiting carbon gain to photosynthesis, potentiallyleading to photoinhibition and overheating. We tested the effect of water availability and light intensity
on seedlings stress using chlorophyll a fluorescence(Fv/Fm50, quantum efficiency of photosystem II,) asa proxy parameter to assess the damage intensity.
We studied four species commonly used in restoration projects of the Atlantic Forest: Calophyllum
brasiliense Cambess., Citharexylum myrianthum
Cham., Cordia superba Cham. e Myrsine coriacea(Sw.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Additionally, we measured the total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and relative water content of the leaves.
To estimate the potential of recovery from photoinhibition, plants were rehydrated when they reached
Fv/Fm50 and re-measured after five days. Under thesame light and drought conditions, C. superba resisted only for six days but could recover from Fv/

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Fm50 while, C. myrianthum, C. brasiliense, and M.
coriacea resisted for 10, 11, and 17 days, respectively, but without recovery. All species demonstrated
photoinhibition when soil moisture content reachedaround 17% at high light. Interestingly, only C. brasiliense exhibited photoinhibition in the shade at thesame moisture level, but with less damage. Thesefindings suggest that water restriction coupled withsaturating light - which can vary according to theseason - diminishes photosynthetic potential evenin heliophilous-pioneer species. Expecting a futurewith more events of drought, we have shown that
this combination will impact seedlings’ physiology by hindering photosynthesis and, consequently,
lowering the probability of success of the establishment of initial vegetation.

S.051. ECOSYSTEM GENOMICS: ELUCIDATINGTHE GENETIC DRIVERS OF NUTRIENT FLUXES IN
BRYOPHYTE DOMINATED COMMUNITIES
P.0379 Bryophytes
associated nitrogen-fixing
microbiota in Amazonian
fragmented forests
Adriel M. Sierra1,2, Marta Alonso García1,2,
Dennis O. Escolastico1,2, Charles E.
Zartman3, Juan Carlos Villarreal Aguilar1,2
1 Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec,Canada. 2 Institut de Biologie Intégrative et dês Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. 3 Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Departamento
de Biodiversidade, Aleixo, Manaus, Brazil.
The size and connectivity of habitat patches are key
factors determining diversity patterns from genes tothe ecosystem. Globally, forest fragmentation has extensively reconfigured spatial landscapes, yielding
profound and enduring impacts on biodiversity. In the
Amazon Forest, widespread deforestation has led to a
rapid biodiversity change across the entire biome. Epiphyllous bryophytes form abundant and diverse communities in the Amazonian biome yet are highly sensitive to environmental changes making them an ideal
study system for understanding biodiversity dynamics
associated with forest loss. Our investigation delves into
the interplay between abiotic factors (habitat size, andconnectivity) and biotic factors (species identity andthe host genotype) on plant-microbe associations in a
fragmented forest landscape. Specifically, we integrate
genomics and bioinformatics tools, to study the hostpopulation genetics and the associate nitrogen-fixing
microbiota (diazotrophic) of two prevalent epiphyllous
bryophyte species in forest fragments of different sizes(1-, 10-, 100-ha, and continuous forest). Results show thatgenotypes diverged in 1- and 10-ha fragments, compared to populations in larger 100-ha fragments andcontinuous forests. Additionally, both species exhibiteda decrease in the number of nitrogen-fixing bacterial
species as well as a shift in their composition in small
1-ha fragments. At a broader scale, our findings underscore the significant impact of fragmentation on theplant population genetics and their associated microbiota. This integrative approach illustrates the profoundeffects of reduced habitat size and connectivity on theplant species’ ability to sustain its beneficial associatedmicrobiota.

P.0380 A laboratoryto-field approach for
determining the genetic
and environmental factors
underlying mutualism withina Sphagnum peatlaDavid J. Weston1, Alyssa Carrell1, Jun
Hyung Lee1, Sara Jawdy1, Dale Pelletier1,
Jon Shaw2, Gustaf Granath3, Adam
Healey4, Jeremy Schmutz4
1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. 2
Duke University, Durham NC. 3 Uppsala University,
Sweden. 4 Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA.
The importance of plant-microbiome systems onterrestrial carbon and nitrogen processes is perhaps
most pronounced in Sphagnum dominated ecosystems, which occupy 3% of the Earth’s land surface
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recalcitrant organic matter (i.e., peat). The foundation plant Sphagnum is responsible for much of the
primary production in peatland ecosystems andproduces recalcitrant dead organic matter. Sphagnum together with associated microorganisms,
contributes substantial nitrogen inputs into peatlands and influences host resilience to extreme climatic events. Under changing environmental conditions, a central question about these ecosystems
is whether the Sphagnum-microbiome will maintainits beneficial interactions, or will it shift to neutral oreven antagonistic interactions that ultimately influence peatland carbon gain and storage. Here, we
test the hypothesis that the thermal origin of the microbiome influence Sphagnum host performanceand resilience to warming. Briefly, we mechanicallyseparated the microbiome from Sphagnum plants
residing in a whole-ecosystem warming study,transferred the component microbes to germ-freeplants, and exposed the new hosts to temperaturestress. Although warming decreased plant photosynthesis and growth in germ-free plants, the addition of a microbiome from a thermal origin thatmatched the experimental temperature completely
restored plants to their pre-warming growth rates.
Metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses revealed that warming altered microbial community
structure, including the composition of key cyanobacteria symbionts, in a manner that induced theplant heat shock response, especially the Hsp70
family and jasmonic acid production. The plantheat shock response could be induced even without warming, suggesting that the warming-origin
microbiome provided the host plant with thermal
preconditioning. Together, our findings show thatthe microbiome can transmit thermotolerant phenotypes to host plants, providing a valuable strategy
for rapidly responding to environmental change.

S.052. ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATIONOF MEDICINAL PLANTS
P.0381 Plant biodiversity
heritage: traditional
knowledge and endogenous
resources of the Biosphere
Reserve of Omaña and Luna
Valleys
Estrella Alfaro-Saiz1,2*, Sergio RodríguezFernández1, Blanca Cortón Gracia1,
Rebeca Díez-Antolínez3, Ana I. PaniaguaGarcía3, Sandra Lobato-Pérez3, Susana
Cámara Leret4, Ana Belén Fernández
Salegui1, Marta Eva García-González1,2,Carmen Acedo1
1 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, León, Spain. 2
Herbario LEB Jaime Andrés Rodríguez, León, Spain.
3 Centre of Biofuels and Bioproducts. Agricultural
Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Villarejo
de Órbigo, León, Spain. 4 Independent researcher
and artist. *estrella.alfaro@unileon.es
Plants form the foundation of human life support
and offer a potential solution to future supply
challenges in a changing world. The revaluationof plant resources can contribute to the development of local bioeconomy, exploring applications
in fields such as pharmacy, food or cosmetics
in depopulated areas having a rich biodiversity.
These areas can be used as laboratories for pilot experiments grounded in a commitment to respecting and caring for nature. To this end, an interdisciplinary team from the University of León
(ULE), the Agricultural Technological Institute ofCastilla and León (ITACyL), and the Biosphere Reserve of Omaña and Luna Valleys (RBVOyL) are
actively working on a project called ‘SOMOS AGUA
II’, in León (Castilla and León, Spain). This threeyear project is developed several actions (A). A1
involves continuing the ‘SOMOS AGUA I’ data series, monitoring plots with aromatic and medicinal
plants, mowing meadows, and managing apiaries. A2, titled “Capsules of the future,” aims to locate wild plants with potential uses and involves
in-situ and ex-situ conservation of plant resourcesin the RBVOyL. A3 focuses on valorizing the phytochemical resources of wild plants. A4, ‘Bioculturalprobes’ centres on memory, custody, and biocultural development through workshops and cultural activities. Lastly, A5 emphasises replicability andtransferability, establishing a distinctive label forthe territory’s socially and ecologically responsible
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the initial project findings, highlighting the territory’s significance for plant biodiversity and usefulwild plant resources. It also fosters collaboration
with residents to design small-scale harvesting
and cultivation methods that align with plant species use and conservation. Acknowledgments: The
project SOMOS AGUA II is funded by Fundación Biodiversidad and Ministerio de Transición Ecológica
y Reto Demográfico (MITERD) of the Spanish government in the framework of the Plan for Recovery,
Transformation and Resilience funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU.

P.0382 Ethnobotanicalstudy and conservation offloristic diversity of Shahdag
Highlands of the Greater
Caucasus

sult of research work and revision of the collected
herbarium materials, it was found that 413 species
and 47 infraspecific taxa belonging to 219 genera
and 49 families grow on this territory. All the peoples of Shahdag have historically been engaged
in cattle breeding, mainly sheep breeding. They
were also partially engaged in agriculture. Crops
such as barley, wheat, rye, and lentils were cultivated as the main objects. It was found that therural population suffers most from a shortage ofwater, which affects the fact that they lead a seasonal nomadic lifestyle. The empirical data collected show that local perceptions form the basis
on which many small societies monitor the availability and change of reserves of shared natural
resources.

P.0383 Ethnobotany of theCatalan linguistic area:
an up-to-date work andprospects

Valida Ali-zade1, Naiba Mehdiyeva2,
Rashad A. Salimov3

Canòlich Álvarez1,2, Jacint Altimiras1,
Fuencisla Cáceres1, Judit Català1, Teresa
Garnatje3,4, Raquel González1, Jon Marín1,
Maria Orriols1, Montse Parada1, Ester Sala1,
Joan Vallès1,5, Sílvia Ysamat1, Airy Gras1

1 Natural History Museum, The Ministry of Scienceand Education of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan. 2 Institute of Botany, The Ministry of Scienceand Education of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan. 3 Faculty of the Natural Sciences, Sumgayit
State University, Sumgayit, Azerbaijan.
Identification, research, conservation and sustainable use of culturally important plant resources isa strategically important issue of global importance. It is known that many important plant species are concentrated in mountain systems, andalpine meadows are the main source of medicinal
and food plants. Increasing global changes maylead to significant shifts in the distribution of species, and the cultural identity of local peoples may
lose traditional knowledge about the use of plants.
The purpose of this work was an ethnobotanicalstudy of the Shahdag Highlands of the Greater
Caucasus. The floristic diversity and the complex
of biological and socio-cultural characteristics
are considered, as well as the involving traditional
knowledge and practices of indigenous peoples in
the conservation of biological and cultural diversity. The studied region is located in the north-eastof Azerbaijan at an altitude of 2,450 meters above
sea level. Currently, this region with a 5-thousand-year history has a high national historical,
cultural and tourist significance. The populationof this district is the Shahdag group of peoples Khinalygs, Budugs, Gyryz, Haputs, Kekirs. As a re-1 Laboratori de Botànica – Unitat associada al CSIC,
Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació,
Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Govern d’Andorra – Ministeri de Cultura, Encamp, Andorra. 3 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB,
Barcelona, Spain. 4 Jardí Botànic Marimurtra – Fundació Carl Faust, Blanes, Spain. 5 Institut d’Estudis
Catalans, Barcelona, Spain.
There is a lot of evidence of traditional knowledge
loss in rural areas of industrialized societies, andethnobotanical fieldwork is key to palliate theeroding process. At the same time, the return of
the traditional knowledge to the people is, apartfrom an ethical duty, also a key piece to preserveand value this information. The Catalan linguisticarea is one of the most largely studied territories
in Europe from the ethnobotanical point of view,and there is still ongoing research. ‘Ethnobotanyof the Catalan Countries’ website (https://etnobotanica.iec.cat) is an interactive tool to (re)discover plant-related traditional knowledge collected
through ethnobotanical prospection since 1990.
The aim of this poster is to provide an encompassing overview of both the territories already210

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tory of a selected sample of the flora associatedwith these sites and an explanation of their ecological characteristics and cultural importance.
Emphasis is placed on the nature of the knowledge that the jaibaná (traditional healers), has
about plants and the ways in which they are usedin the community. The botanical samples wereobtained, pressed, and described for subsequent
taxonomic identification in the herbarium of the
University of Antioquia (HUA). The information on
the use given in the community to the collected species was given by the jaibaná and othermembers of the indigenous community. 36 of theplants collected have names in the Emberá language, where several of these names are used at
the same time to call different species, eight are
named after animals and three names refer toparts of the human body. The Emberá language
does not have a generic name for all plants, as
it does for all animals (ninduru). For the Emberá,plants are considered female or male, dependingon whether they produce fruit, and some grammatical radicals are usually added to the namethat refer to characters such as timber (zarea), or
toxic (neara), depending on the species.

studied and those currently under study, and address the gaps in ethnofloristic research within
the area. Nowadays, the website contains almost
80,000 entries with plant names and 55,000 withmedicinal uses, about 30,000 entries for food uses
are prepared (together with complementary data
centred on plants used for beverages) and almost
ready to be uploaded to the database, and work
is underway to introduce, in the next two years,
about 30,000 entries more for other uses and otherinformation. We consider that this comprehensive
prospection and the derived website is a good tool
to feed back to society knowledge about its natural and cultural heritage, while preserving it andmaking it available for the new generations. Finally, in the last years, we started performing different
kinds of meta-analytic work with our dataset, tocompare territories or to assess different kinds ofplant uses, and, more recently we have started a
new approach to analyse our results on a phylogenetic framework in order, among other focuses,
to detect hot nodes of traditional knowledge andnatural resources for all aspects of human wellbeing.

P.0384 Ethnobotany andtaxonomy of plants from theEmberá tribe of Colombia
Fernando Alzate-Guarin1, Sandra Turbay2,
Javier Rosique-Gracia2, Sneider Rojas
Mora2
1 Grupo de Estudios Botánicos GEOBOTA, Institutode Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
2 Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Sociedad, Departamento de Antropología, Facultad deCiencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
The Emberá Amerindian people are a tribe foundin northern South America and Panama. This ethnic group has some sacred sites in the Serraníade Abibe, the northwestern end of the Andes
Mountain range, an area of tropical forest almost
unexplored due to social and political reasons. In
field work carried out, the flora of three sacredsites for this people, located in the Abibe mountain range, Colombia, was collected, described,
and characterized, and the taxonomy and nomenclature used by these communities for theplants in their environment is described and presented. The characterization includes the inven-211

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S.052. CINCHONA: ETNOHISTORIA DE LOSUSOS Y APLICACIONES ACTUALES DEL ÁRBOL
DE LA QUINA
P.0385 Evaluación in vitrodel efecto antiviral deextractos de Cinchona en la
replicación del virus SARSCoV-2
Miryam Palomino-Rodriguez1, Marcos
Hernández1, Pamela Rios1, Martin
Huallanca1, Johanna Balbuena-Torres2,
Ruben J. Arancibia Gonzales1, Jorge L.
Cabrera Melendez3, Marco A. BartoloMarchena3
1 Área de Innovación tecnológica del Instituto Nacional de Salud. 2 Laboratorio de Virus Inmunoprevenibles del Instituto Nacional de Salud. 3 Centro
Nacional de Salud Intercultural del Instituto Nacional de Salud.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused approximately
700 million cases and nearly 7 million deaths worldwide. Pharmacological studies of likely drug candidates for the treatment of COVID’19 is a necessity
as the virus currently continues to evolve, originating different lineages and becoming endemic. The
aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antivi-

ral effect of ethanolic and chloroformic extracts ofthree Cinchona species against SARS-CoV-2 virus,
PE/B.1.1/28549/2020 predominant strain at the beginning of the pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 virus was inoculated into Vero 81 cells, the infected cells weretreated with different concentrations of ethanolicand chloroformic extracts of three Cinchona species, and the appearance of the cytopathic effectwas evaluated after 72 hours. Quantification of replicate virus was performed by plaque titration assay and real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Prior totreatment, a cytotoxicity test was performed to determine the optimum concentrations for treatment.
The IC50 concentrations were determined to be 66,
62 and 323 μg/mL for the ethanolic extracts of C. nitida, C. pubescens and C. calisaya, respectively, andIC50s of 77, 50 and 1022 μg/mL were obtained for thechloroformic extracts in the Vero ATCC CCL-81 cellline. The chloroplast extract of C. pubescens barkshowed in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2
prototype strain PE/B.1.1/28549/2020 at the concentrations of 24-48 μg/mL of extract. The other extractsof C. nitidae and C. calisaya species did not show
antiviral activity. The in vitro studies demonstratethat the extract of C. pubescens shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be used asa candidate for treatment against this virus.
Note: This abstract was translated using IA.

S.052. ETHNOBOTANY AND CONSERVATIONOF MEDICINAL PLANTS
P.0386 Sowing to grow life
Carolina Bambagüé Caícedo1, Maribel
Palechor1, Javier Enrique Luna1
1 Departamento de ciencias naturales. Institución
Educativa Belén. Tambo, Colombia.
Environmental education is a social educational
process that raises awareness and knowledge of
local, national and global environmental problems

that affect the ecological balance of the planet.
Given the importance of this strategy, in the Belén
Educational Institution, located in the municipalityof El Tambo, Colombia, the school environmental
project (PRAE) was launched in 2022 with the community garden as its pillar; this space aims to train
and strengthen children and adolescents in foodsecurity and food sovereignty issues. In order tostart the planting process, the traditional knowledgeof the community was consulted and based on the212

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information gathered, aromatic plants were selected: camomile ( Chamaemelum sp.), basil ( Ocimum
basilicum ) y verduras: carrot ( Daucus carota ),tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum ), lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ), cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) y onion (Allium cepa ). In the development of the PRAE, students acquire skills to classify plants into taxonomic
families, identifying morphological features such as:edges, apices and margins of leaves, shapes andstructures of stems, types of fruits and flowers, aswell as transformation processes. socio-political,
academic and artistic processes to ensure a positive subject-environment relationship. Among theresults obtained, there was a low germination of theseeds sown, which can be attributed to the physical, chemical and biological state of the soils in the
study area, due to the fact that these soils have been
subjected to heavy loads of agrochemicals, fumigation and monoculture plantations. In the region,
the development of socio-ecological processes ishighlighted through the PRAE where there is direct
linkage and participation with different actors in thecommunity. This space is a living classroom where
not only natural sciences are worked on but also a
process of mainstreaming is carried out.
Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

P.0387 Young researchersfor ethnobotany: theproject “BE ETHNO: sharing
traditions, sharing plants,
sharing place, sharing
future”

future” was founded (ID:2023-1454). The three-year
proposal (2024-2027) aims at a multidisciplinary
approach, that conceives the urban ethnobotany
as a tool to reach a deeper knowledge of the plants’traditions of use of a selected foreign community. Four workpackages are planned, starting withbibliographic research concerning the migratory
phenomena in Italy, especially Lombardy region(Northern Italy), with the aim of focusing the foreigncommunity (reconnaissance investigation). Within
the citizen science polices, an ethnobotanical survey
will be conducted in two urban areas, documenting
the enduring traditional use of medicinal and foodplants for daily needs. The same will be performedin the native country, aiming at comparing the traditional knowledge of the selected ethnic group in
different geographical and cultural contexts (ethnobotanical investigation). Primary data will leadto the selection of 1-2 species, symbol of the foreign
tradition and worthy of laboratory insights under ataxonomical, micromorphological, phytochemical,
pharmacological and nutritional point of view (laboratory investigation). Finally, in an open sciencecontext, dissemination and communication actions will
be organized at the G.E. Ghirardi Botanical Garden(University of Milan) by engaging key-informants(dissemination actions). A dedicated area will beset, hosting plants traditionally used by the foreigncommunity with a peculiar iconographic apparatus.
Thematic itineraries and a bilingual booklet (Italian-Spanish) will be realized, making the botanicalgarden a place of natural and cultural biodiversity.

Martina Bottoni1,2, Fabrizia Milani1,2, Claudia
Giuliani1,2, Gelsomina Fico1,2

P.0388 Ritual use of rosade borracho (Clinopodium
macrostemum Moc. & Sessé
ex Benth.) in Oaxaca, Mexico

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 2 Ghirardi Botanic Garden,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universityof Milan, Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy.

Dalay Y. Calvo-Díaz1, Lisbeth AguilarHernández1, Mayte S. Jiménez-Noriega2*,
Alejandro Torres-Montúfar3

Since the 80s of the last century, immigration in
Europe has always been growing. Nowadays, themulti-ethnic Italian population is integrated in pluricultural urban contexts, where immigrants retain
traditional knowledge of native plants. Does theirbio-cultural heritage still influence the therapeutic and culinary practices? Within the frameworkof the call for “Young Researchers 2023” supported
by Cariplo Foundation, the project “BE ETHNO: sharing traditions, sharing plants, sharing place, sharing

1 Instituto Tecnológico Nacional de México. Campus Instituto del Valle de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.
2 Jardín Botánico FES-Cuautitlán, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Estado de México, Mexico. 3 Herbario FES-Cuautitlán, Facultad de Estudios
Superiores Cuautitlán, Estado de México, Mexico.
In Mexico there is a close relationship between its
cultural diversity and the use of plants, such as in
the preparation of food as well as in spiritual andreligious rituals. In this study, the uses of rosa de213

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borracho, or poleo, (Clinopodium macrostemum)
are explored via semistructured interviews with 40
members of Ocotlan de Morelos and Sola de Vega,
two communities from the state of Oaxaca. The results showed that in Sola de Vega, poleo is used inlocal Soltecan weddings for a traditional dance inwhich it is incorporatedinto attire worn for the celebration. In the Guelaguetza annual cultural representation of the state of Oaxaca, Soltec weddings
are represented. Other uses of Clinopodium macrostemum include as small bouquets often gifted inlarge celebrations which are meant to be used in
the preparation of an herbal tea for curing hangovers the next morning. In Ocotlan de Morelos poleo can be found being used to adorn baskets andother artifacts for a ceremony called La Llevada delGuajolote, and is also gifted to everyone during thefestivities. The same plant is also used in a procession before Christmas and New Year’s Eve whereinpilgrims known as roseros journey to the mountainsearching for the plant for use in the day’s celebration. In conclusion, the plant rosa de borracho has
many symbolic uses but are hardly limited to sacredofferings adorning altars in ceremonies and its
use in the creation of complex floral arrangements
at celebrations, all of which confer much importance on the plant in these Oaxacan communities.

P.0389 Flora of Rio deJaneiro: Protium Burm.f.
(Burseraceae)

maps, and information on the conservation statusof these species. The research involved visits to eight
herbaria, conducted both in person and virtually, totaling approximately 500 specimens analyzed. Field
expeditions covered metropolitan and rural areasof the state. Seven species were recorded for thestate of Rio de Janeiro: Protium brasiliense (Spreng.)
Engl., P. breviacuminatum (Swart) Byng & Christenh.,P. glaziovii Swart., P. heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand., P. icicariba (DC.) Marchand., P. warmingianum
Marchand., and P. widgrenii Engl. Notable taxonomic
contributions specifically include floral characteristics represented in botanical illustrations. Additionally, there was an update on the description of theleaflet margins of P. glaziovii and the identificationof a new distribution area in the municipality of Rio
Claro in Rio de Janeiro. The results of this study are ofsignificant importance for understanding the genus
Protium in Rio de Janeiro, contributing to a better
comprehension of the morphology of these species.
Furthermore, this information is valuable for otherstates that share the same species, such as São
Paulo, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Bahia.

P.0390A look at genus
Malachra L.? - Ethnobotany,
phytochemistry, andpharmacological activity
Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos 1, Jorge
Sánchez-Hoyos 1, Amparo EcheverryGómez 1, Harold Gómez-Estrada1

Silva, Débora C.1, Sakuragui, Cássia M.1

1 Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.

1 Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Protium Burm.f. is the most diverse genus within the
Burseraceae family, with approximately 70% of its
species in Brazilian territory, primarily in the Amazon
region. These species play a crucial role as important arboreal components in tropical forests, being
frequently referenced in floristic studies and in the
structural analysis of areas in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Popularly known as “breu” or “almecegueira”, these species are morphologically often
confused with other genera of Burseraceae, mainly due to the lack of taxonomic studies in the stateof Rio de Janeiro. This study aimed to contribute to
the taxonomic knowledge of Protium species in thestate of Rio de Janeiro. We provided a dichotomous
key for species identification, morphological descriptions, botanical illustration plates, distribution

The genus Malachra L. belongs to the family Malvaceae and is geographically distributed in tropical and subtropical America, west tropical Africa,and Southwest Asia. It includes herbs or subshrubsof nine accepted species with approximately thirty
synonyms, and it has been widely used in community folk medicine to treat health problems including inflammation, nasal obstruction, leishmaniasis,
malaria, childbirth, kidney disorders, fever, and respiratory tract disease. This review was conductedusing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Review (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews.
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plants belonging to the genus Malachra L. Eightspecies of the genus Malachra L. of the family
Malvaceae: Malachra alceifolia Jacq., Malachra
capitata (L.) L., Malachra fasciata Jacq., Malachra
radiata (L.) L., Malachra ruderalis Gürke., Malachra
rudis Benth., Malachra helodes Mart., Malachra
urens Poit., and Malachra urens Poit. ex Ledeb. &Alderstam. The active phytoconstituents isolated
from this genus may be useful for the evaluationand identification of molecular targets against
infectious pathogens or inflammatory processes. The presence of groups of metabolites suchas flavonoids, sterol-terpenoids, and phenolics,
including gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, andβ-sitosterol associated with biological processes
with activities such as antidiarrheal, antiepileptic, antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant,hepatoprotective, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and anthelmintic, with inflammatory activity
being the most widespread. In turn, the presenceof peptides with pharmacological potential contributes to the search for drugs against oncological, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neglected
tropical diseases. Therefore, this review contributes to the baseline knowledge for the validationof therapeutic use and conservation of traditional
and ancestral knowledge of plant biodiversity in
America, Africa, and Asia. It also contributes to thebasic concepts for future research aimed at thediscovery of new drugs.

P.0391 Uses of Plants
in an Indigenous Pijao
Community of Natagaima,
Tolima, Colombia
Mariano Cortés1, Carlos A. Mendez1,
Mathusalam Pantevis2, Diego F. Perez 2.
1 Biología Aplicada, Universidad Surcolombiana,
Colombia. 2 Departamento de Psicopedagogía,
Universidad Surcolombiana, Colombia.
This study is a commitment to recognize the cultural capital of the Pijao Indigenous Communityof Palma Alta based on experiences, knowledge,
rituals and ancestral narratives. This study addresses the relationship of the Community withplants (Ethnobotany). To carry out this objective,
semi-structured interviews were carried out, surveys and dialogues were carried out that allowed
recognizing the traditional knowledge and usesthat they gave to the plants, then meetings were

held with the boys and girls that allowed them torecognize the worldview they had regarding plantknowledge. It was found that the botanical family with the highest frequency of appearance is
Malvaceae with 12% and corn (Zea mays L.) of the
Poaceae family, which is an emblematic plant of
the community, due to the different uses and traditional knowledge, inherited from generation to
generation.

P.0392 Dittrichia spp.
ethnobotanical uses in the
Mediterranean basin anddistribution in the Iberian
Peninsula: an updated
review
David Cossío-Felipe1, Luis M. Bedoya1,
Jose A. Guerra1, Paulina Bermejo1, Paloma
Cantó1
1 Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy
and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense
University of Madrid.
Dittrichia spp. (Asteraceae) comprises two species: Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter (syn. Inulagraveolens (L.) Desf.) and Dittrichia viscosa (L.)
Greuter (syn. Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton). These species grow in nitrophilous areas and anthropogenic
areas in the Mediterranean basin, but both species
have expanded to other countries such as South
Africa, Australia or the USA as invasive species. The
purpose of this work is to update the distributionof the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and compile
the recorded ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical uses of both species. To study the genus distribution in the Iberian Peninsula, we consulted Flora iberica and analyzed the presence ofdifferent specimens in some of the herbaria used
there. FloraVeg and GBIF databases were used
for the global distribution. For compiling the recorded references regarding ethnobotanical andethnopharmacological uses, several databases
were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Scienceand the French Society of Ethnopharmacology.
Also, compilations of ethnobotanical uses like the
Spanish Inventory of Traditional Knowledge related to Biodiversity as well as doctoral thesis concerning ethnobotanical uses were also reviewed.
No distinction on the language of the sources was
made. We elaborated a map comprising the dis-215

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tribution of the Dittrichia genus within the Iberian
Peninsula. Regarding the ethnobotanical uses, wemanaged to find references throughout the Mediterranean basin. Dittrichia viscosa has the greatest number of references, especially in Spain, Italy
and Morocco; the most extended uses of this species were related to the treatment of wounds andskin diseases, while the most used parts were its
leaves. The use of Dittrichia graveolens was lessspread, with references as an insect repellent or
hemostatic among others.

molecular scale, we use biotic and abiotic stresses
to induce tyrosine and phenylalanine specialized
metabolism and explore differences in gene expression and metabolite production between two
medicinal species, Beta vulgaris (tyrosine-dominant) and Silene latifolia (phenylalanine-dominant). We found different responses to different
stressors, suggesting that biotic and abiotic factors likely contributed to tyrosine and phenylalanine specialized metabolism.

P.0394 An approach to
the traditional knowledgeof wild plants in El Campode Agadones, Salamanca(Spain)P.0393 Medicines,
metabolites, and pigmentsin the order Caryophyllales
Alex Crum1, Zack Radford2, Aaron Lee1, Lisa
Philander3, Luke Busta4, Ya Yang1
1 Plant & Microbial Biology Department, Universityof Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
2 Department of Biological Sciences, University ofSouth Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. 3 Como
Park Zoo and Conservatory, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
4 Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota - Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
What makes a medicinal plant medicinal? How
and why we use the medicinal plants we do has
been mostly studied on a case-by-case basis,and larger systemic patterns are murky. By approaching the question of what makes a medicinal
plant at multiple scales, we can begin to understand the importance of cultural, biogeographic,
and evolutionary factors in determining whether
a plant will be selected for use. To explore evolutionary and biogeographic patterns driving medicinal plant use, we use the order Caryophyllales
as a model system, which has a unique patternof tyrosine or- phenylalanine specialized metabolism lineages, represented by the mutually exclusive betalain and anthocyanin pigments. We use
this difference in metabolism types to determine
whether metabolism or other factors, such as thefrequency of interactions with humans across cultures, drive differences in medicinal use across thephylogeny. We found that medicinal use consistently clustered into certain lineages across typesof medicinal use, regardless of metabolism type.
Instead, apparency, or how noticeable a plant is
to humans, is a better predictor of medicinal use.
A manuscript summarizing this work is currently in review, and a version is available on Biorxiv(doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.22.550123) At theLuis Delgado Sánchez 1, María Vera
Jiménez 1 2, Luz M. Muñoz Centeno 1
1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 2 National
University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
For centuries man has maintained a very close
relationship with nature using plants for different
uses (food, medicinal, industrial, social...). However, in today’s western society there have been
profound changes in life systems that have isolated us from the natural environment, resulting
in a significant loss of cultural biodiversity. In thiscontext, an ethnobotanical study has been carried out in El Campo de Agadones (Salamanca,
Spain), one of the most depopulated regions of
this province (3.2 inhabitants/km2). This territory ispart of the Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia Natural Park and the El Rebollar Natural Area. Forty-fivepeople were interviewed and reported 146 species in 56 families. The most represented families
were Compositae (15 species), Labiatae (11) andLeguminosae (10). Thirteen categories of use wereidentified, the most represented being “Medicine”(26.7%), “Human food” (22.2%) and “Industry andhandicrafts” (17.2%). The traditional knowledge of
medicinal plants is remarkable since 68 species
are used to treat various ailments. Most of the
medicinal uses are intended to treat problems of
the skin, digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as the sense organs. The most cited
medicinal species were Chamaemelum nobile (L.)
All., Chelidonium majus L. and Verbascum pulverulentum Vill. The species with the most medicinal216

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P.0396 Indigenous
knowledge on plants ofDawei district in Myanmar

uses were Chamaemelum nobile, Hypericum perforatum L., Malva sylvestris L., Mentha pulegium L.
and Thymus zygis Loefl. ex L. However, the mostcited species are not related to medicine but toveterinary medicine. These are Daphne gnidium L.
and Cistus ladanifer L., (IC = 0.82; 0.8, respectively). In addition, popular sayings, myths and beliefs
that are part of the culture of this territory werecollected. It is important to rescue, conserve andpromote traditional knowledge related to natural
resources, since the union of scientific and traditional knowledge can help in the resolution of current problems.

Sangmi Eum1, Thet Thet Mar Win2, Swe
Swe Aye3, Chang Young Lee1, Sangho
Choi1
1 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, International Biological Material ResearchCenter, Daejeon, Korea. 2 Department of Botany,
Yangon University Yangon, Myanmar. 3 Agricultural
Science Department of Taungoo University, Bago
Region, Myanmar.

P.0395 Diversity andthreat status of medicinal
plants in Korea district ofChhattisgarh (India)

Biological resources have played crucial roles inmankind for centuries, especially plant species
have consumed by indigenous people and ethnic groups for various daily purposes. Myanmar
is one of global importance for biodiversity in theworld possessing 11, 800 of vascular plant species
due to the diverse landscapes and climate conditions. With 135 officially recognized ethnic groups
in Myanmar, they have used the plants for various
purposes such as medicines and food resources. However, only handful ethnobotanical surveys
have been conducted to date. This study explores
useful medicinal plants in Dawei District, southern
Myanmar and documenting the traditional knowledge held by indigenous people. This research
involved interviewing 89 of the ethnic group in
Dawei District (M: 42, F: 47) and recording the firstcomprehensive documentation of their traditional medicinal plant knowledge. A total of 67 medicinal plants were reported which belong to 63
genera across 38 families, with 1332 of use reports(UR). The high number of UR for these 67 species
showed that indigenous medicinal plants are stillcommonly used in this area for basic treatment
and the richness of ethno-medicinal knowledgeof the ethnic group in Dawei. A range of the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) was between 0.833
to 1 and the highest category was related to Blood,
Blood forming organs and Immune mechanism.
To the best our knowledge, a potential property of
Acmella paniculata in promoting milk production
during lactation was documented in this study
for the first time. Results obtained in this study revealed the significant value of medicinal plants
to the indigenous people in Dawei, but further
research is needed to validate and confirm their
medicinal properties.

Veenapani Dubey1
1 Life Science, University, Bilaspur, India.
Indian biodiversity is under serious threat. Globalchange has also affected India and as a consequence the biodiversity is depleting. Chhattisgarh,the 26th state of India has ample variation in physical and cultural features. The State has about
44% of its geographical area covered with forests.
It enjoys a hot and humid climate. It gains rainfall
from both north-east and south-west monsoon.
It has about 30 small and big drainage systems.
These features have an important contribution toits biological wealth. Korea district in Chhattisgarh
has an average rainfall of 121.36 cm. It has a forest
area of 81.23%. Annual mean temperature is 24°C
with a range of variation from 16.2° to 31.8°. The
district is dominated by upper Gondwana rocks
which are rich in deposition of coal. The highest
hill ranges occupy the northern part of Devgarh,
Sonhat and Manendragarh. The district has veryrich plant diversity specially the medicinal plants
which are not comprehensively described. Viewing these points the present investigation wasdone. Present paper deals with the general diversity index and the status of threat to the medicinally important plant species of Korea. Out of 200
genera assessed 3 were found to be EW; 14- CE;
27-EN; 62-VU; 37-NT and 57 were LC.

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P.0397 Therapeutic plants
in Freetown, Sierra Leone:
an ethnopharmacologicalstudy

P.0398 Organization andfirst evaluation of theEndangered Plant Specialist
Group of the mountains
north of the Orinoco River,
Venezuela

Adepoju O. Adeyinka1, Femi-Adepoju G.
Abiola2, Tarawally Marian3, Karim Abdul3
1 Research Institute for Innovations; African Methodist Episcopal University, Monrovia, Liberia. 2 College of Science and Allied Health, African Methodist
Episcopal University, Monrovia, Liberia. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
According to literature, the use of herbal medicinal products has greatly increased over theyears, with only about 75% of people worldwide
still depending on some of their primary healthcare services. Safety, lack of enough informationand improper monitoring among others remain
important issues with the use of herbal medicines
and the impact of their harvest on the environment. Twenty respondents who regularly practice and deal with traditional herbal medicine
provided information on the constituents whichmake up the recipes of their products, the sources of raw material, and types of health conditions
treated with the plants. A total of 92 species of
medicinal plants from 41 flowering families havebeen used by traditional herbalists to produce
herbal medicines that are indicated for the treatment of 10 different medical conditions. The mostcited species out of 92 mentioned, was Newbouldia laevis, while the most cited family of medicinal plants was Fabaceae which had the highest
value of family importance (75%). Diseases withthe highest number of medicinal plant treatments included malaria, gonorrhea, dysentery
and toothache. The findings of this study indicate
use of herbs in the treatment of some common
diseases and as promising potentials for drug
discovery from the study area. Even though theraw materials are readily available, peculiarity of
preparation methods are based on the types of
diseases to be treated per time. Currently, there
is no formal procedures of training the Traditional
Herbal Medicine Practitioners in the country.

Ángel Fernández del Valle1, Santos MiguelNiño1,2, Daniela Saraí Canelón Barráez1,2,
Julián Mostacero Giannangeli1,3
1 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, Venezuela. 2 Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora,
Guanare, Venezuela. 3 Instituto Experimental Jardín
Botánico Dr. Tobías Lasser, Caracas, Venezuela.
The flora of tropical mountain ecosystems makes
up one of the most threatened biological resources on the planet, one of the most diverse and also
one of those that provides the most environmental services to humanity. The mountains of Venezuela north of the Orinoco River are among theseecosystems and, in general, all their environments
are strongly threatened, both by anthropogenic activity and by the effects of climate change.
The area includes the Sierras de los Andes, Perijá,de la Costa, Turimiquire, Paria and the Lara-Falcón Hill System, between 400-4,990 meters above
sea level, with an area of approx. of 165,000 km2.
Using data from the Red Book of the Venezuelan
Flora (2020), the existence of 334 threatened tracheophyte species and one extinct in the area
we studied was determined. We have formed atechnical team (31 members so far, affiliated with
universities, research institutes, government offices and herbaria) to be presented as a Specialist
Group to the IUCN Species Survival Commission.
In addition, a preliminary list of more than 600
species to be evaluated has been prepared andwhich were placed in the second version of the
Red Book of Venezuelan Flora in the categories of
non-threatened, with little population information,or not evaluated. The group is open to the incorporation of new members.

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P.0399 BE ETHNO: Peru,
the target community for
an urban ethnobotanicalsurveyMartina Bottoni1,2, Fabrizia Milani1,2, Claudia
Giuliani1,2, Gelsomina Fico1,2

P.0400 Passiflora setacea
DC. leaves: histochemical
identification of phenolic
compounds and ultrasoundpretreatment
Mariane B. R. de Ávila1, Rosana G. R. dasDôres2, Naiara C. Zotti-Sperotto1, Evandro
de C. Melo1, Analu Zanotti1, Renata M. S.
A. Meira1, Luan B. Giovanelli3, Raiane A. de
Souza1, Maira C. M. Fonseca1

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 2 Ghirardi Botanic Garden,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universityof Milan, Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy.
Within the framework of the three-year project “BEETHNO: sharing traditions, sharing plants, sharing
place, sharing future” (2024-2027, ID:2023-1454),
founded by Cariplo Foundation, an urban ethnobotanical survey, aimed at documenting the traditional uses of plants by a selected immigrant community in Italy, was planned. The survey will take place
both in a pluricultural context in Lombardy (Northern
Italy) and in the country of origin, thus evaluating thecultural permeation of the traditional knowledge between the two countries. Which folk heritage to select? Consulting of the Annual Reports on the Presence of Migrants of the Italian Ministry of Labour andSocial Policy, as well as the Regional Observatory for
Integration and Multi-ethnicity of the Lombardy Region (2021-2022), led towards the Peruvian culture,
one of the largest and most integrated community in Italy. Lombardy is the first region for number offoreign residents, hosting a total of 26.1% of non-EU
citizens, including Egyptians (67.6%), Ecuadorians(47.0%), and Peruvians (44.4%). These statistics arealso supported by a lacking literature about Italianurban ethnobotanical investigations documenting
the traditional uses of plants by the Peruvian community. Thus, first contacts were established in Italy with Italian and Peruvian associations and academic realities, involving experts in pre-Columbian
civilizations, anthropologists, and linguistic mediators. Spanish language courses were planned with
the Linguistic Centre of the University of Milan, a key
element to foster empathy between the researchgroup and the Peruvian informants. Finally, thanks tothe close friendship between the PI and a potential
Peruvian cultural mediator, the field ethnobotanicalinvestigation in Peru was designed in Cusco, where
the mediator’s family still lives and preserves traditional uses of plant species. This way, first contacts
with the natives were set up with the aim of meeting local curanderos, as well as planning naturalistic
itineraries to record the autochthonous flora.

1 Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil. 2
Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto-MG,
Brazil. 3 Federal University of Jequitinhonha and
Mucuri Valleys, Teófilo Otoni-MG, Brazil.
The genus Passiflora has been long employed in
the medicine as sedative, antidepressant and anxiolytic. Therapeutic properties have been exhibited by fruits and leaves of passiflora plants genus,
however, its pharmacological effects are most attributed to the leaves. Passiflora setacea DC., popularly known as “pérola do cerrado”, is a new cultivar that has characteristics of great interest in thefood and pharmaceutical industry due to its nutritional richness and high concentration of phenolic
compounds. The present study aimed to conduct a
histochemical study about the secretory structuresin P. setacea as well to verify if the yield of phenolic
compounds in leaves submitted to ultrasound pretreatment are afected. Samples from two sizes (7cm and 10 cm) were subjected to anatomical andhistochemical analyses. The leaves are dorsiventral,
and the bundles are collateral and the total phenolic compounds being evidenced by ferrous sulfate
in the form of blackened inclusions. In the central
vein, subepidermal collenchyma occurs on both the
adaxial and abaxial sides. In the cuttings from the
fresh samples, massive idioblasts dispersed by thecortical parenchyma were observed in the central
vein, both on the adaxial side and on the abaxial
surface of the leaves in developing and on the completely developed leaves. Our results show that theultrasound treatment did not cause the loss of thephenolic compounds yield in the evaluated samples but disorganization of the vascular bundle wasobserved. Cellular disorganization possibly occurred
due to the effect of consecutive cell-to-cell compressions and expansions caused by ultrasound(“sponge effect”), which, together with the simultaneous impact of cavitations, caused cell disorder.

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We conclude that have preservation of phenolic
compounds and that the ultrasound processing
reduces its extraction time of this medicinal compounds without interfere in the yield of these compounds in the vegetal tissue.
Acknowledgement: FAPEMIG, CNPq and CAPES for
their financial support.

P.0401 Varronia curassavica
Jacq.: characterization of
secretory structures andessential oil yield in leaves
submitted to ultrasoundtreatment
Naiara C. Zotti-Sperottoa1, Evandro de C.
Melo1, Michelle I.L. de Souza1, Maira C. M.
Fonseca1, Diego A. Gonzaga1, Mariane B.
R. de Ávila1, Antônio J. Demuner1, Marília C.
Ventrella1, Ana C.V. Lelis1
1 Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa/MG, Brazil.
Varronia curassavica is a native species from Brazil,
popularly known as “erva-baleeira” and its essential oil
has anti-inflammatory action. This medicinal species is
promising raw materials for the development of herbal
medicines. However, aiming at the continuous supplyof vegetable raw material of phytochemical quality it is necessary the appropriate choice of cultivationand drying conditions to optimize the quality of the final product. This study aimed to verify the influence of
the ultrasonic pretreatment combined with the drying
using a heat pump, on the secretory structures, drying time and yield of essential oil of V. curassavica. The
leaves of V. curassavica derived from the organic system cultivation at the Experimental Field of the Piranga
Valley (20° 25’ 49” S; 42° 48’ 20” W). Fresh leaves were
fixed in FAA50 solution (37 % formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid and 50 % ethyl alcohol) for 24 h and stored in 70% ethanol. The leaves were cross-sectioned on a tabletop microtome and the following histochemical reactions were performed: Astra Blue and Safranin identify
phenolic compounds and Sudan III for lipids (essentialoils). The leaves of showed glandular trichomes on bothleaf surfaces, with higher density on the abaxial surface.
Besides, the glandular trichomes are above the level of the leaves’ epidermal cells. Glandular trichomes
are responsible for secreting, mainly, essential oils andthe mesophyll also contained essential oil. The actionof acoustic cavitation and the sponge effect, which
resulted in reduced drying time, did not damage theglandular trichomes of V. curassavica and increase theessential oil yield when compared to the control. We
concluded that the mechanical effects of ultrasonicwaves can enhance the extraction process of essential oils, increasing the penetration of the solvent in thecellular material and facilitating the release of the cells
content. Acknowledgement: FAPEMIG, CNPq and CAPES
for their financial support

P.0402 Description of theuse of medicinal plants
traded in marketplaces in
the Comunera province ofSantander (Colombia).
Galvis R. Manuel1
1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Jardín
Botánico Boyacá, Tunja Colombia.
This study describes the traditional use of more than
425 species of plants among 115 families, identifying
the plant drug, its preparation and administration, thetraditional medicinal purposes for which it is recommended and possible practices of inappropriate use.
For methodology, 56 semi-structured interviews wereapplied to plant sellers in 8 marketplaces of Andean
towns as follows: Socorro, Gambita, Guadalupe, Confines, Oiba, Simacota, Palmas del Socorro and Suaita.
Taxonomic identification was carried out using virtual
herbariums of the National University and taxonomist
experts, the most reported by the vendors, who are
women of legal age, were compiled and analysed,
and their traditional use was compared with the pharmacological indications reported in the Colombian
Vademecum of Medicinal Plants. The results showedthat the most frequently cited plants among the vendors interviewed were: citron (Aloysia triphylla), calendula (Calendula officinalis) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), followed by horsetail (Equisetum
bogotense), rue (Ruta graveolens), basil (Ocimum basilicum), French oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus),guascas (Galinsoga parviflora), totumo (Crescentia
cujete), gualanday (Jacaranda caucana) and culantro, apio sabanero (Eryngium foetidum) which had atleast three reports each. It was found that some of theplants mentioned by vendors are not reported in the
Colombian Vademecum of Medicinal Plants, including paico (Dysphania ambrosioides), yerba del cáncer (Petiveria alliacea), nettle and Pringamosa. Little220

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knowledge was detected on the part of sellers about
the possible contraindications or toxic effects of medicinal plants, which leads to inadequate practices.
There was also a lack of knowledge of the differences between infusion and decoction preparations andthe preservation of tinctures and alcoholic beverages.
Medicinal plants were identified that could be therapeutically promising for new uses of medicine thathas been validated for generations in the Santanderpeasant family heritage.
Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

edge about the richness of plant diversity in any area
and understanding the extent of dependence of indigenous communities on that plant wealth not only
stimulates innovation, but also emphasizes the crucial need to conserve both traditional knowledge andecosystems for sustainable development.

P.0404 Traditional uses ofplants in Tierra de Alba andAliste (Zamora)
Claudia García Hernández1

P.0403 Ethnomedicinaland enhanced antifungal
approach on major
Lamiacean species usedby the indigenous tribes ofWayanad, Kerala, India

1 Department of Botany, Universidad Complutensede Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Aswathi Ganga1, Sunojkumar P.1
1 Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Tenhipalam, India.
Plants have been an integral part of traditional medicine across culture. They not only contribute to healthcare but also connect communities through sharedknowledge and practices, emphasizing a vital relationship between plants, their medicinal benefits,
and societal well-being. Lamiaceae, the mint family,
epitomizes botanical versatility, offering a spectrum
of applications from the culinary domain to various
medicinal uses. Therefore, making them an indispensable group of plants within tribal communities. The
tribal population in India, though numerically a small
minority, represents an enormous diversity of groups,
each with its own unique cultural heritage and traditions. The state Kerala, in this regard, holds a distinctive
position on the tribal map of India. The present study
aims to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants within the Lamiaceae family, which areutilized by the indigenous tribes—Kurichiyas, Kattunaikas, Kurumas, and Paniyas—residing in various pocketsof the Wayanad district in Kerala. The ethnomedicinal
aspects along with the enhanced antifungal activityof selected plant species using zinc oxide nanoparticles are evaluated. Furthermore, integrating this traditional knowledge with modern green nanotechnology
for the findings could potentially pave the way for thedevelopment of more effective and environmentally sustainable antifungal treatments, benefiting boththeir healthcare and lifestyle. Thus, collecting knowl-

An ethnobotanical prospection has been carried out
in the Tierra de Alba and Aliste regions (Zamora). The
information collected includes the traditional uses
and vernacular names of 88 vascular plant taxa. The
objectives of the study are to study traditional knowledge, quantify the uses prevalence, and check if theuses collected are documented in the literature. 271
use-reports (UR) have been catalogued. The mostimportant families are Lamiaceae with 44 UR andAsteraceae with 26 UR. One of the most commonlyused species is Cistus ladanifer L. (9 UR), and the mostcited uses are medicinal (87 UR) and food-use (66UR). Regarding the uses prevalence, of the 57 species
valued, 25 have been abandoned in all their uses. In
the bibliographic comparison, have been found six
records of novel use.

P.0405 Ethnobotanicalsurvey on plants used to
manage skin illnesses
in communities of thedepartment of Bolivar,
Colombia

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Jorge Sánchez-Hoyos1, María QuintanaTorres1, Erick Torres-Niño1, Fredys
Sánchez-Hoyos1, Leonor CervantesCeballos1, Amparo Echeverry-Gómez1,
Harold Gómez-Estrada1.
1 Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.

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The healing practices of traditional and medicinal useof plants as a form of alternative and complementary
healing have been used by communities to alleviate
their health problems. Through an ethnopharmacological survey conducted among inhabitants over 40
years of age in 5 municipalities in the northern department of Bolivar (Colombia) using a closed survey format applying the TRAMIL methodology and informed
consent, 523 people were surveyed and 1246 reports ofmedicinal plant uses were obtained. 10 plant species
identified with herbal records for different skin problems with a Reporting Index (RI) greater than or equal
to 20% were described: Aloe (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.), almond (Terminalia catappa L.), malva (Malachra alceifolia Jacq.), matarraton (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) Kunth
ex Walp), curarina (Aristolochia anguicida Jacq.), guasimo (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.), achote ( Bixa orellanaL.), balsamina (Momordica charantia L.), anamu (Petiveria alliacea L.), and matandrea (Alpinia purpurata(Vieill.) K. Schum.). The family with the highest report ofthese species was Malvaceae, the most used part by
the surveyed inhabitants was the leaf (70%), the formof preparation in remedy was poultice (62%), and themost common route of administration was topical(60%). The most common route of administration was
topical (60%). 70% of the respondents have ever used
these plant resources for health problems related tothe skin. Skin conditions are one of the 5 problems ofgreat interest for the communities of the northern region of Colombia. This study contributes to safeguarding ancestral and traditional knowledge of the use of
medicinal plants associated with skin problems andthe conservation of natural resources.

P.0406 Ethnobotany andcultivated biodiversity
in Ibiza island (Balearic
Islands)
Raquel González1, Joan Vallès1,2, Teresa
Garnatje3,4,
1 Laboratori de Botànica (UB) – Unitat associada al
CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentacio, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 2
Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, Spain. 3 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona,
Spain. 4 Jardí Botànic Marimurtra-Fundació Carl
Faust, Blanes, Spain.

a pivotal role in the economic sustenance of the local
population. Despite this, there is a strong relationshipbetween people and plants on the island. The knowledge that the local society still holds regarding thenames, uses, and management of plant biodiversity has been studied in this work, including informationon landraces and agroecosystems through different
approaches. Firstly, an extensive ethnobotanical study
was conducted, representing the first of its kind on theisland. This involved interviews with 101 informants, whoprovided information on names and uses of 251 planttaxa at specific and infraespecific levels, belonging to 71
botanical families. Concerning uses, 76 plan taxa havebeen reported as medicinal, 157 as food, and 107 withother uses. Secondly, focusing on cultivated plants, particularly landraces within traditional family gardens in
Ibiza, information was provided by 68 informants. In thisstudy, 99 species belonging to 33 families, comprising
204 local races, were reported. Vitis vinifera L., cited innearly 9% of reports, is the most mentioned cultivatedplant, thus we particularly studied it. Thirdly, genome
size was estimated through flow cytometry- the firstinvestigation in Pityusic, Balearic, and Spanish materialof the species - in Ibiza and Formentera vineyard accessions, revealing a certain degree of intraespecificvariability, but no interisland differentiation. Finally, wecharacterize Pityusic vine accessions through ethnobotanical surveys, followed by ampelographic and genetic (microsatellites) approaches, establishing synonymies and homonymies among races identifying somepreviously undescribed ones. With this work, Ibiza’s ethnobotany finds its place among deeply studied subject
worldwide, notably delving into the characterization of
one of its most emblematic plants, the vine.

P.0407 Green healthand Maya Q’eqchi’
phytotherapy in Guatemala:plant diversity andtheir therapeutic uses
through evidence-based
ethnobotany research

Eivissa/Ibiza, which is part of the Catalan linguistic area,is the largest of the Pityusic and the second in the Balearic Islands in terms of population. Renowned as apopular tourist destination, the tourism industry holds

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Ana Isabel García-Ambrosy1, Rafael
Grajeda-Estrada5, Francesca Scotti2,
Michael Heinrich2, Caroline Maake3, María
Renée Álvarez-Ruano1, José Joaquín
Ché4, Pablo Ax4, Mónica Berger-González1

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1 Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Vallede Guatemala, Guatemala. 2 UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK. 3 Institute of
Anatomy, University of Zurich, Switzerland. 4 Council of Q’eqchi’ Maya Elders Releb’aal Saq’e’, Petén,
Guatemala. 5 Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
Maya Q’eqchi’ phytotherapy is part of the biocultural diversity in Guatemala and in the traditional
healthcare services given by Ajilonel (traditional
healers and herbalists). They co-exist with thenational healthcare system, as a primary healthcare service in marginalized and secluded indigenous communities. These traditional practices
encompass ancestral knowledge in the use ofplants and treatments where the resources are
obtained primarily near forests and orchards.
These practices are threatened by biodiversity loss, land use change, access to forests, andloss of interest in traditional knowledge. Therefore, the Green Health Project aimed to proposea framework of access and benefit-sharing fromthe Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). This included ethnographic and ethnobotanical researchon Maya Q’eqchi’ phytotherapy, conducted bya transdisciplinary approach, with the collective
participation of the Q’eqchi’ Council ACGERS, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, UCL School of
Pharmacy, University of Zürich, public and private
sectors. Fifteen Ajilonel from Guatemala participated by documenting 764 patient treatments
in Epicultural Booklets for case registration from2019 to 2021. A list of medicinal plants was obtained and later collected for taxonomic determination. A total of 251 specimens were sampled,
132 morphospecies determined in 92 genera and
51 families. Over 66% of the plants are located inisolated forest patches in the region. Using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC3) a total of 130 physical/psychological categories were listed, and a 36-category classification
was created for the energetic/spiritual ailmentsin their epistemology. The digestive system (17%)
and Malhecho (3%) ailments, respectively, werethe most mentioned overall. The Ajilonel selected 52 prioritized plant species, where Drymonia
serrulata, Petiveria alliacea and Anthurium pentaphyllum had higher Cultural Importance andRelative Importance indexes. This project brings
another scope into ethnobotanical research tofoster evidence-based methodologies to help
shape new insights into conservation, policies,and research.

P.0408 Plants used at the
Guancasco ceremony in
San Francisco de Opalaca,
Honduras.
Eydi Yanina Guerrero-Medina1
1 Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Honduras.
Societies maintain collective memories, including experiences that are part of the oral traditionof people, such as rituals, legends, fables, stories, anecdotes, songs, myths, sayings and ceremonies. In this research, the “Guancasco” ritualforms the intangible heritage of the people that,
due to generational circumstances, is depositedin adults that takes root throughout their lives andis transmitted orally to the next generation. The
present project arises with the purpose of knowing the plants that are used and have been usedin the ritual that has survived in the indigenous
peoples called “Guancasco”, which has been celebrated for more than 500 years, in this case wewill analyze what It takes place in the community of San Francisco de Opalaca, a Lenca village
located in the department of Intibucá, in western Honduras. The Guancasco is a ritual of peace
among indigenous peoples, at the same time it
serves as a cultural and mythological expressionthat transmits knowledge and teaches the importance of subsistence. Rescuing and preserving valuable ancestral knowledge linked to theuse of plants in rituals such as the Guancasco in
Opalaca is a crucial task. A deep knowledge ofthe plant species used in these ritual practices issought, analyzing whether they are in any risk category, and then proposing concrete actions thatfavor their conservation. In this context, by highlighting the exceptional botanical wealth present
in the region, recognizing the cultural, medicinaland ecological importance of these plants, theawareness of the population is achieved, whichmust acquire a fundamental role, since it seeks tocreate a wake up about the urgent need to conserve medicinal plants and preserve the uniquebiodiversity that the region has.

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P.0409 Evaluation ofantioxidant and analgesic
activities of tubers of somespecies of Brachystelma

P.0410 Phytochemical
analysis studies from
Cissampelos pareira L.
Sanjay R. Biradar1, Sarika V. Lokhande1,
Navnath Kashid2

Varsha Jadhav1, Seema More1

1 Department of Botany, B.S.S.A.S.C. College, Makni,
India. 2 Department of Botany, Baburaoji Adaskar
College Kaij, Dist. Beed (MS), India.

1 Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur,
India.
The Asclepiadaceae family includes the genus
Brachystelma, a small under ground potato liketuber. Edible and nutrient-rich tubers and leaves
are utilized in traditional medicine to relieve pain.
This study’s primary goal was to look into the analgesic and antioxidant properties of the tubersof three species: Brachystelma malwanense,
Brachystelma naorojii, and Brachystelma edule.
The acetic acid-induced writhing method wasused to test the analgesic activity in mice. The
antioxidant potential was assessed by a range of
methods like 1,1-diphenyl-2 pricrylhydrazyl, FRAP,
Ferrous ion chelating, Reducing power assay, Polyphenol, Caretonoids and Ascorbic acid. The aqueous extract of tuber of B. naorojii at the 500 mg/
kg dose level exhibited significant activity than theothers. No behavioral abnormality and mortality was seen in the rats of tubers crude medication in all selected plants. In antioxidant evaluation the carotenoid contents (0.73 ± P.57 mg/100g) and ferrous ion chelating activity (58.25 ± 0.54
% inhibition) higher in tuber of B. edule. Polyphenols (52.6 ± 1.039 mg/100 g), FRAP (0.492 ± P.14 mg
AAE/100 g) and Peroxidase (P.13± P.00 ΔOD min.)activities were rich in tuber of B. naorojii. Ascorbic
acid (80.92 ± P.00 mg/100 g), DPPH scavenging
activity (88.32 ± 0.56 % inhibition), Superoxide dismutase (P.04 ± P.00 ΔOD min. -1 mg-1), Catalase(0.162 ± P.02 ΔOD min.) and total antioxidant activities (0.650 ± P.01 mg AAE/100 g) more in tubersof B. malvanensis. The notable antioxidant properties exhibited by Brachystelma tubers may beascribed to their polyphenol concentration andadditional phytochemical components. The results of the study validated the traditional usageof the plant for pain relief by indicating that the tuber extract had potent analgesic and antioxidant
properties, which may be related to its polyphenol
concentration.

Cissampelos pareira L. belongs to the Menispermaceae family and is a sub-erect or climbing herb,
known as Laghupatha in Indian traditional medicine.
It has great demand in ayurvedic medicine and isused as anti-cancer, anti-diarrhea, antifertility antihelmintic, antihyperglycemic anti-inflammatory,
anti-protozoa, anti-ulcer, anti-viral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and immunomodulatory activities. The present work investigated an efficientmethod for extracting various phytochemicals from
Cissampelos pareira by using methanol as a solvent. Various extraction methods were used likestatic extraction, continuous shaking extraction, andultrasonic extraction to enhance the yield of phytochemicals. The quantification was carried out using
a spectrophotometer-based assay. The findings
reported that the percentage extraction of alkaloid, phenol, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and carbohydrate was found higher in the static extraction
method. Three-time intervals were optimized forstatic extraction, continuous shaking extraction, andultrasonic extraction. It was noticed that the 24 h extraction reported the maximum recovery of the alkaloid (25.46 mg/g), phenol (17.23 mg/g), flavonoid(50.66mg/g), saponin (54.83mg/g), tannin (0.796/g),
and carbohydrate (96.20mg/g).

P.0411 Environmental
impact on the productionof alkaloids in Ocimum
sanctum L. and Adhatoda
vasica Nees. as influenced
by seasonal variation
Satishkumar M Khadia1, Vishal P Patil2,
Piyush M Dangi3, Zankhana N Rathod4
1 Department of Botany, Bhavan’s Sheth R A Collegeof Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India. 2
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Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 3
Department of Environmental Science & Technology, ISTAR, V. V. Nagar, Gujarat, India. 4 Departmentof Botany, M G Science Institute, Gujarat University,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Ocimum, commonly known as Tulsi, is a huge genus within family Lamiaceae, comprising about 64
species of annual to perennial aromatic medicinal
herbs with a long history of traditional uses. The
aromatic plants of the genus Ocimum have long
been used as flavouring agents, as well as diverse
medicinal applications. Adhatoda vasica Nees is ashrub widespread throughout the tropical regionsof southeast Asia. It possesses a wide spectrum of
medicinal properties including positive effects on
inflammatory diseases. The major chemical classes within the genus Ocimum include flavonoids,
phenolic acids and terpenes. The bioactivities ofvarious extracts or individual compounds, both invitro and in vivo, include antimicrobial, cytotoxic,
antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic and antioxidant. Some of these herbs are
consumed regularly by us. Ocimum sanctum L.
(Tulsi) of family Labiaceae and Adhatoda vasica Nees. (Ardusi) of the family Acanthaceae arecommonly used to control cough and cold. Alkaloid constituents are the photoactive componentsof these plants. The present study focuses on theinvestigation of the alkaloid contents of theseimportant medicinal plants harvested in different seasons. It was observed that among the twovarieties of Tulsi (Black and White) the white tulsi
showed more active component accumulation
during the winter season whereas notable variation was not recorded in Ardusi. The contents of
the alkaloids were influenced by the environment.

P.0412 Ethnobotanicalknowledge of someindigenous medicinal plants
used by traditional healers(Vaidus) in Nandurbar
district of Maharash
Swapnil M. Khare1
1 Department of Botany, ACS College Dharangaon,
Maharashtra, India.
An ethnobotanic survey was undertaken to collect information from “Vaidu” or tribal traditional
healers on use of native and indigenous medic-

inal plants during June 2019 to June 2020 in the
Nandurbar district of Maharashtra state, India.
The indigenous ethnobotanic knowledge and information related to native plants used for medicinal purposes were collected through direct
personal interview of local traditional healers
during field visits. Our study revealed that 51 species belonging to 48 genera and 34 families areused by these “vaidu” to treat various common
diseases. The documented medicinal plants aremostly used to treat cough, dysentery, jaundice,abdominal pain, malaria, omitting and snake
bite. In this study the most dominant family use
was to be Menispermaceae and stem bark is theplant part most commonly used for treatment ofdiseases. The study showed that till today many
tribal people of Nandurbar district are dependent
on medicinal plants of native forest for treatmentof various diseases. However, this traditional ethnobotanic knowledge is in danger of disappearance as these local healers are not passing theirknowledge to next generation and young educated generation is also not interested to carryforward this traditional knowledge.

P.0413 ‘Sacred Plants’: anancient plant conservation
practice
Swapnil M. Khare1
1 Department of Botany, ACS College Dharangaon,
Maharashtra, India.
If we look at the history of Indian culture, we realize that many important plants have been given a
prominent place in it. While studying Ayurveda, ancient scriptures, Upanishads, we see the mention ofmany trees like wad, pimpal, mango, tulsa, we get to
study their importance in human life. In this study it
is also noticed that the importance of these trees isonly in a particular religion, but not also. In the scriptures and customs of almost all the religions foundin India or living in the Indian subcontinent, the importance of these trees is highlighted in one way or
another. Like tulsi, wad, pimpal, coconut, banana in
Hinduism, sabja, rose in Muslim religion, bark, pimpal, mango in Buddhism and rajnigandha in Parsi
religion.... And when this study approaches the tribal life, the entire tribal culture is based on this forest
resource is observed. In the present research, thesame has been studied.

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P.0414 From seeds to skulls:
assessing the bioactivity ofa Medici archive recipe
Peyton Weiner1, Emma Siegfried1, Dr. Kyra
N. Krakos1,2, Ashley Buchanan3
1 Maryville University, Saint Louis, USA. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, USA. 3 Folger Institute,
Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington DC, USA.
This is a historical ethnobotanical study focusing on
the use of Paeonia officinalis and human skull to treat
illness such as fevers and infant convulsions found ina recipe written by Anna Maria Luisa de’ Medici (16671716). The translated document contains a “recipe” forthis medicine which includes one ounce of peony rootand seed, two ounces of human skull from an individual who died violently, but was not buried, two ouncesof red and white coral, and one ounce of amber. This
recipe was frequently sought after, and the active ingredients in the recipe are likely the albiflorin and paeoniflorin in the peony roots and seeds. Specifically, thisstudy focuses on the role of bone in the preservationof the bioactivity of the albiflorin and paeoniflorin in theroots and seeds of Paeonia officinalis as the medicine
traveled throughout Europe. This research is part of acollaboration between the Medici Archives, Maryville
University, and the Missouri Botanical Gardens.

P.0415 Ethnobotany ofspecies of the Cyperaceae
family in ParaguayEver J. López Grau1,3, Yenny González1,
María Fátima Mereles H.2, Rosa Degen2,
Mirtha González1, Sara Núñez Meza1, Pablo
García Murillo3
1 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunció, Paraguay. 2 Herbario FCQ, Departamento de
Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción y Programa Nacional de
Incentivo a Investigadores, PRONII, Consejo Nacionalde Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT, Paraguay. 3 Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
Paraguay is, together with Uruguay, one of the smallest countries in South America. Between 15 and 18%
of its territory is directly linked to water and about
30% indirectly, during periods of high water. One of
the botanical families always present in wetlands ofthe country is Cyperaceae, one of the four most important in quantity. At the American level, it is one of
the least known taxonomically due to the few existingstudies, except in Argentina. In Paraguay the most numerous species correspond to the genera Cyperus L.,
Rhynchospora Vahl, and Eleocharis R.Br. The objectiveof this research was to demonstrate the uses corresponding to some species of the family. For this, we
worked with herbarium material deposited in national
herbaria, literature cited in ethnobotanical research inthe country and those carried out directly in situ. The
following uses stand out: medicinal to treat different
conditions, useful, decorative, forage in its natural environment, among others. Some examples: for medicinal purposes fresh rhizomes of Cyperus obtusatus
are used as diuretic, whole plant of Scirpus californicus
and Bulbostylis capillaris as antidiabetic and for venereal diseases respectively; Schoenoplectus californicus, Cyperus giganteus and C. bissaceus are usedin the manufacture of mats and baskets; Eleocharisfiliculmis, E. montana, E. elegans, E. emarginata andother species of the genus are foragers in their naturalenvironment; dried flowers of Rhynchospora globosa
and R. albiceps are used as decorative. Ethnobotanical studies allow to keep alive the knowledge of the
traditional uses, especially those related to the medicinal, since most of the species mentioned do nothave chemical or pharmacological studies, they canbe potential sources of active ingredients with biological activity; in addition, they allow to promote thecultivation of these species, enabling their protection,
avoiding their extinction.

P.0416 The value of
medicinal plants for
the Kichwa indigenous
community in the city of
Bogotá, an approach to theperception of ecosystemservices.
Victor Fabio Luna Mora1, Mauricio Mina2,
Patricia Roncancio3, Gerardo Garzón4
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2 Jardín
Botánico de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia. 3 Secretaria de Integración Social 4 Cabildo Kichwa-Bogota,
Bogotá, Colombia.
There are currently more than 25 ethnic communities
in the city of Bogotá (including indigenous, Afro-descendant, Raizal, Palenquero and gypsy communi-226

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Poster presentationsties), many of which make use of the plant resourcesthat provide them with numerous types of services
that contribute to the development, well-being andgood living of the community in the context of the city.
Among these communities is the Kichwa communitythat has lived in the city of Bogotá since 1920; a city inwhich they carry out different types of ritual and ancestral practices that have been maintained thanks to oral
tradition and which involve the use and managementof medicinal and food plants. The objective of this research was to identify the medicinal species used bythis community in the town of Engativá, as well as toinvestigate how this indigenous community perceives
the ecosystem services associated with this plant resource. This study was carried out between Februaryand September 2023. The population was randomly
sampled. A qualitative methodology was used, triangulating primary and secondary sources. Exploratory activities were carried out for literature review and meetings with authorities and community leaders. Once thepreliminary information was collected, semi-structured
interviews were conducted with different members of
the community, including families, authorities, young
people and traditional doctors (Yachak) and Kichwa
midwives (Mama Washa). This research is a first approach to identify how an indigenous community in acity context perceives the ecosystem services associated with a plant resource of great importance and/or
relevance to them, such as medicinal plants.
Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

P.0417 Enhancing
phytoimmunity in the
medicinal plant Nepeta
nuda through blue-red LED
light exposure“Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republicof Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 4
Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy of Sciences,
Sofia, Bulgaria. 5 Institute of Experimental Botany,
Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic.
Light is a major factor affecting plant metabolism,
and its quality and duration lead to major changes in the growth and development of plant species.
Artificial lighting can influence the rate of photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, and antioxidant
capacity. This study investigated the effects of ablue-red LED light combination, known for inducing
flowering, on the physiological state and content of
biologically active substances in catmint (Nepeta
nuda L.) grown under controlled in vitro conditions.
We compared three lighting conditions: white light(W) as a control, and two intensities of blue-red light- high (BR) and low (BRS). We found that BR light resulted in shorter plants with more dry plant biomass
and higher starch content, without altering anthocyanin levels, but reducing plastid pigments. This
regime also modified the oxidative state of plants
by increasing lipid peroxidation but neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing total phenolic antioxidants and altering the metabolic profile.
Specifically, BR light decreased the iridoid nepetalactone and increased levels of epideoxyloganicacid, rosmarinic acid and cirsimaritin. These effects
appear to be regulated by the plant hormones auxin, abscisic acid and jasmonates, which are related
to flowering of N. nuda. The BRS regime produced
effects similar to the W control, increasing plantheight. Both BR and BRS treatments induced the accumulation of proteins and amino acids. We conclude that BR light treatment can enhance the survival capacity of micropropagated N. nuda during
subsequent soil adaptation, suggesting that similar
light pre-treatment could improve phytoimmunity
in other plant species before transfer to the field.

Desislava Mantovska1, Miroslava Zhiponova1,
Grigor Zehirov2, Adriana Krasteva1, Uroš
Gašić3, Danijela Mišić3, Krasimir Rusanov4,
Mila Rusanova4, Anna Zaharieva1, Valya
Ganeva1, Kiril Mishev2, Petre I. Dobrev5, Jozef
Lacek5, Roberta Filepová5, Václav Motyka5,Zhenya Yordanova1, Ganka Chaneva1, Valya
Vassileva2

Acknowledgments: The work is supported by BNSFKP-06-N56/9/12.11.2021, and BG05M2OP001-1.002-0012.

1 Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment
Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria. 2 Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
Sofia, Bulgaria. 3 Institute for Biological Research

Mokgaetji G. Mokganya1

P.0418 Imperative highlightsof the societal reliance on
indigenous plants during
and post-Covid-19 era.

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1 Science Foundation Department, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of
Venda, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

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The outbreak of Coronavirus shocked people acrossthe globe; inhabitants of rural villages were negatively impacted as the treatment was unknown. As aresult, local people developed their traditional waysof treating any symptoms related to Influenza by using different indigenous plant species. This study investigated indigenous plant species that were usedby inhabitants of the rural villages of the Vhembe region during and post-COVID-19 era. Results emerged
from the semi-structured interviews conducted with53 adults and 17 elderly participants from the fourrural villages of the two selected municipalities. The
study recorded a total of 13 plant species identified
to have capabilities of treating symptoms related
to influenza, sore throats, cough, and fever. These
plants belong to 9 taxonomic families with Asteraceae at the top of the list. The treatment of these
symptoms is achieved by the administration of oral
decoctions, giggling by the decoctions extracted
from leaves of the recorded plant species. Leavesof some plant species are boiled, and the boilinginfusions are used for steaming. Some participants
burnt the leaves of one plant and sniffed the smoke
for the treatment of the symptoms. The continued use of these plants even post-COVID-19 era isa clear indication of their indispensability to ruralcommunities. The traditional plant-derived medicine revealed during this study may be checked fortheir safety and efficacy to simply discover the new
local and affordable drugs that could be used for
conditions such as COVID-19.

P.0419 Isolation andcharacterization of novel
plant-derived antimicrobial
compounds from plantains

new compounds that can control bacterial growth.
Pseudostem in bananas reportedly contains anincreased concentration of organic compounds,
some of which have been partially characterized.
This study aimed to study the antibacterial characteristics of extracts obtained from plantain pseudostem tissues which are currently consideredwaste after fruit production. An organic extraction
technique using the Soxhlet system was applied
to produce organic extracts. Further, these extracts
were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
and Total polyphenol content was quantified. Then,the extract was applied to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus to analyze the antibacterial activity
using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) andDisk diffusion assays. Preliminary FTIR results show ahigh similarity spectrum of plantains pseudostem
extract with bleomycin hydrochloride, lysozyme hydrochloride, and bacitracin zinc. MIC and disk diffusion tests indicate potential antibacterial activityof plantain pseudostem methanolic extract at 645
mg/ml on all tested bacteria with more sensitivity
on Gram-negative. This study might help to identify and characterize novel sources of plant-derived
antimicrobial compounds for a wider application inareas of human health.

P.0420 Medicinal plants of
Paraguay. Species used in
the eastern region of thecountry
María Vera Jiménez 1, 2, Luis Delgado
Sánchez 1, Luz M. Muñoz Centeno 1

Sharelys M. Montes-Jiménez1, Christopher
A. Sambolín-Pérez1, Glorialys RiveraOtero1, Juan A. Negrón-Berríos1
1 Institute of Sustainable Biotechnology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Barranquitas, Puerto
Rico.
Musa spp., specifically bananas and plantains have
had a variety of applications throughout the historyof mankind. This crop has been key to feeding the
population besides its variety of additional applications including medicinal properties. Currently,
there is an emerging problem of bacterial resistance to commercially available antibiotics. Phytomedicine presents a sustainable solution to develop

1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 2 National
University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
Medicinal plants are used to treat specific ailments
and maintain health. The Paraguayan population
has a strong tradition in the use and consumptionof medicinal plants, fresh and/or dried in infusions,decoctions, macerations or direct consumption. In
Paraguay, traditional preventive and curative medicine is the first alternative in the treatment of many
diseases, consuming medicinal plants in mate andtereré, although there is still not a complete knowledge of them. The objective of the research was
to record the species used in the eastern regionof Paraguay and to analyze them. Interviews wereconducted with vendors in the municipal markets

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Poster presentationsof the cities of Concepción (Concepción), Ciudaddel Este (Alto Paraná), Coronel Oviedo (Caaguazú),
Encarnación (Itapúa), San Lorenzo (Central) andAsunción. Forty people were interviewed (with priorinformed consent) and reported on 119 medicinal
species. Most of the medicinal uses are intended totreat digestive (94), genito-urinary (57), circulatory (51), skin, endocrine-metabolic, musculoskeletal,
respiratory and nervous problems. Of the species
mentioned, the ones used to treat a wide spectrumof conditions were: Gonopterodendron sarmientoi(Lorentz ex Griseb.) A.C. Godoy-Bürki (Zygophyllaceae) -palo santo-, Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich (Urticaceae) -pyno guasu-, Solanum palinacanthum
Dunal (Solanaceae) -juruveva-, Commelina erecta
L. (Commelinaceae) -santa lucía hovy- and others.
The medicinal species most cited by the interviewees were Begonia cucullata Willd. (Begoniaceae)-agrial-, Equisetum giganteum L. (Equisetaceae)-cola de caballo-, Aloysia polystachya (Gris.) Mold.
(Verbenaceae) -cedrón Paraguay-, mainly used
to treat conditions of the digestive, respiratory andcirculatory systems. The families Asteraceae (21),Fabaceae (6) and Verbenaceae (6) have the largest number of medicinal species in the eastern region of Paraguay. In many cases, traditional knowledge is the basis of scientific knowledge, so it is ofutmost importance to preserve and promote it.

P.0421 Enriched in phenolics
callus cultures from the
medicinal plant Nepeta
nuda

curs in a hormone-free nutrition medium, however, themetabolic activity of in vitro plants strongly declines.
This study aims to outline an approach for callus induction by administration of plant growth regulators(PGRs), which is not well explored. Among the PGRs,
series of concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/l) of four auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/2.4-D, picloram,indole-3-acetic acid/IAA, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid/
NAA) and three cytokinins (6-benzylaminopourine/
BAP, kinetin/KIN, thidiazuron/TDZ) have been tested forbiomass production, accumulation of phenolic compounds and related antioxidant activity. The presenceof picloram and TDZ induced fine callus of undifferentiated cells suitable for cell cultures, however, the phenolic antioxidants were reduced. On the other hand,combinations between IAA, NAA, and BAP, TDZ, showeda significant increase in biomass and phenolics. Petiole
and stem explants demonstrated much higher proliferation ability than leaves, and dark-grown explants
were much more actively dividing. In comparison to
untreated in vitro plants, the callus produced from the
combined application of TDZ+IAA (0.5 mg/l each) led
to nearly 10-folds increase in total content of phenolics. Further studies on the corresponding biologicalactivities would assist in the selection of the best variants and the identification of specific bioactive compounds. In conclusion, the strategy of using elicitors forincreased metabolic rate of cell cultures has the perspective for upscaled accumulation of molecules ofpharmacological interest.
Acknowledgments: The work is supported by BNSFKP-06-N56/9/12.11.2021, and BG05M2OP001-1.002-0012.

Ana-Maria Nedelcheva1, Anna Zaharieva1,
Desislava Raykova1, Viktoria Vladimirova1,
Desislava Mantovska1, Zhenya
Yordanova1, Miroslava Zhiponova1

P.0422 Phytochemical andantioxidant potentials ofBasella spp. in Nigeria
Funmilola M. Ojo1, Taiwo A. AlakindeAdenegan2

1 Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment
Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Nepeta nuda L. (naked catmint; Lamiaceae) is a perennial medicinal plant with a wide geographic distribution
in Europe and Asia. This plant is enriched in phenolic
compounds with anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-bacterial activities.
Recent studies demonstrated that N. nuda’s metabolic
content is significantly affected by the growth conditions, therefore plant biotechnological approaches
could improve the directed synthesis of phytochemicals of interest. The in vitro propagation of N. nuda oc-

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Olusegun
Agagu University of Science and Technology,
Okitipupa, Nigeria. 2 Department of Biology Education, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo
city, Nigeria.
Antioxidants from natural sources can be antidotes
for free radical release during metabolic activities inhumans. Basella spp., a commonly eaten vegetablein south-western Nigeria, may have the potential tosupply antioxidants to the human diet. The study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant
properties of species and landraces of Basella spp. The

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forms of Basella spp. contained phytochemicals andantioxidant properties in varied amounts. Basella alba,
round leaf, had the highest contents of phenol (0.22± P.2%) and vitamins A and C, 21.96 ± P.1% and 21.67 ±
0.90%, respectively. Basella rubra had the highest alkaloids and tannin contents, 7.68 ± 0.11 and 0.47 ± 0.17%,
respectively. Basella cordifolia had the highest anthraquinone (12.50 ± P.3%) content; the highest flavonoid(96.77 ± P.3%) and saponin (0.63 ± P.1%) contents werein B. alba. Basella alba also had the highest DPPH (44.85± 2.11%). The Basella forms have the potential to be usedas natural antioxidants needed by humans.

P.0423 Bioprospecting
Indian Barleria: A treasure
trove of bioactive
metabolites(51.42±0.48 mg/g DW), B. hochstetteri (22.11±0.48 mg/g
DW), B. gibsonii (133.56±1.48 mg/g DW) and B. cristata(0.276±P.6 mg/g DW), respectively. Based on the current
investigation, it is suggested that Indian Barleria species
have a great medical potential and their conservationand further exploration for active principles, particularly
iridoids is needed.

P.0424 The role ofindigenous knowledge inethnobotanical practices: acase study in Mandvi Taluka
Kavi K. Oza1, Hasmita Fufal1, Vinay M.
Raole1
1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Shreedhar S. Otari1, Manoj M. Lekhak1,
Savaliram G. Ghane1
1 Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.
Barleria (Acanthaceae) consists of 285 species worldwide of which 32 taxa reported from India. We performed the Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of
phytochemicals such as total phenolic content (TPC),
total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannin content (TTC),
total iridoid content (TIC) and proanthocyanidins (Pro)from the aerial parts using methanol and water. Extracts were tested for their antioxidant activities, viz.
DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical
scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP),
phosphomolybdenum (PMA) and metal chelating(MC). Further, bioactive compounds, shanzhiside methyl ester (SME), barlerin (BAR), verbascoside (VER) andstigmasterol (STI) were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phytochemicals
mainly TPC, TIC, Pro and TTC revealed positive correlation with ABTS (r = 0.344, 0.409, 0.368, 0.273, respectively)
and MC (r = 0.504, P.22, 0.117 and 0.186, respectively). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that all tested
parameters except TFC enjoyed positive plane of component 1 (PC1). TIC, TTC, Pro, FRAP and PMA fell in positiveplane of component 2 (PC2). However, negative planeof PC2 was dominated by variables like TPC, DPPH, ABTS,
and MC. The positive plane of PC1 was mainly due to thevariables reported from the alcoholic extract. Methanol
was identified as the optimal extraction medium for extracting the studied phytochemicals. Furthermore, HPLC
analysis confirmed the highest contents of SME, BAR,
VER, and STI in the studied aerial parts of B. terminalis

This study aims to document the ethnomedicinal plant
species used to manage human aliments and theassociated indigenous knowledge in and around the
Mandvi taluka of the Kachchh district of Gujarat. Key
informant interviews and participatory observations
were conducted during different seasons from 2020
to 2023 involving laymen, local people, village heads(Sarpanch, Mukhiya), forest-dwelling tribes, Vaidyas, Hakims, Bhuvas, etc. During this study, a total of 103
plant species were recorded. Among all the dominant
vegetation types, the average density of Commiphora wightii was 50-55 individuals/ha. and was recorded
as the medicinally dominant species in the study area.
Also, 90 noteworthy medicinal plants were also recorded. The ethnobotanical importance indices were developed to establish the main parameters needed toevaluate which are the most important plants within aculture and to determine conservation requirements.

P.0425 The art ofbeing alone: study ofsecondary compounds in
Rivasmartinezia cazorlana,a paleondemism in SE Spain

230

María I. Pozo1, Baudilio Herrero1, Juan
Andrés Oria-Rueda1, Olaya Mediavilla1,
Alfredo Benavente2, Alfredo Benavente
Navarro3

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1 Agroforestal Sciences, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain. 2 Plant Production, ETSIIAA,
University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain. 3 Centro
de Capacitación y Experimentación Forestal, Vadillo-Castril, Spain.
Rivasmartinezia is a recently described genus within
the Apiaceae family that accounts for only two species. Uniquely present in the Iberian Peninsula, the first
species, R. vazquezii, inhabits a few locations in Somiedo Natural Park, in Asturias. More strickinly, the second
species, R. cazorlana, is represented by a single population in Cazorla-Segura-las Villas Natural Park, in
Jaén. The unique R. cazorlana population is located ina barely accessible area of 4 ha. at 1470 m.a.s.l. Despite
the relic character of the species, more than 50K individuals have been estimated in the population. The
plants are vigorous and grow without competing taxa,
and no signs of herbivory have been observed. We hypothesize that these highly competitive skills might be
explained by the presence of secondary compounds
in vegetative and reproductive tissues, chemicals thatmediate the interaction between the plant and the environment. We have identified plant secondary compounds from leaves and fruits of R. cazorlana individuals using high resolution UPLC-MS chromatography.
Besides of characterizing the chemical profile of theplant species, in this contribution we test Plant Optimal
Defence theory by comparing leaves and fruits fromthe same plant. Considering the remarkable scent of
the fruits, we have compared the chemical profile of
R. cazorlana with related Apiaceae taxa, such as coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and cumin (Cuminum
cyminum) fruits, and we have added licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae) as external member of comparison purposes. We would like to highlight the importance of uncovering Iberian hidden plant diversity, andthe defensive strategies exploited by ancient and relicspecies. Besides, the species R. cazorlana shows clear
potential for useful applications for mankind, such assource of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds,
or culinary use.

P.0426 Herbal remedies forhealth improvements in
Batak Karo people, Sumatra
Utara, Indonesia

Indonesia is a mega-diverse country that contains
many potential medicinal plants. The Batak Karopeople from Sumatra, Indonesia, have traditional
knowledge of curing and preventing diseases andtraditional concoctions that have been used to improve health e.g. minak, tawar and kuning. Different
recipes exist in various villages and families however
it has never been documented thoroughly. The local
knowledge of the Batak Karo is a cultural property
that needs to be explored and recorded so that thistraditional management does not become extinct
and to fulfill the goals for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to document the
medicinal plants of the traditional concoctions from
Batak Karo to improve health as an alternative medicine. An ethnobotanical study was conducted in
Semangat Gunung and Doulu, Karo, Sumatra, Indonesia. Six traditional healers were interviewed personally. Observation and plant surveys were carriedout during the fieldwork. The voucher specimens
were identified and stored at the herbarium of the
University of Indonesia. A total of 47 plant species
are used to prepare minak, kuning and tawar. The
most frequently used family is Zingiberaceae. Allium
sativum, A. cepa, Kaempferia galangal, Piper nigrum
and Zingiber officinale are used in all three remedies.
Herbal remedies are widely and effectively used to
improve the health of Batak Karo. There is a needto extend the documentation of medicinal plants inthe area and evaluate their biological activity as abasis for developing future medicines.

P.0427 Traditional
botanical knowledgeof Artemisia vulgaris L.
(Asteraceae) from Serbia ethnobotanical study
Maja Radulović1, Milan Gavrilović1, Zora
Dajić-Stevanović2, Pedja Janaćković1
1 Department of Morphology and Systematic ofPlants, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia. 2 Department of Agrobotany, Faculty of Agriculture,
Belgrade, Serbia.

Endang C. Purba1, Jer-Ming Hu1,2
1 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 2 NTU Herbarium, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Artemisia vulgaris L., common mugwort, has a widespread distribution in the natural habitats worldwide(Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Africa).
For many centuries, this species has been mainly
used for treating gynecological ailments and gastrointestinal diseases. However, ethnobotanicalknowledge regarding the usage of this plant in Ser-231

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bia is missing. Therefore, the aim of this study was tocollect information on traditional uses of common
mugwort for medicinal purposes, human and animal nutrition, veterinary and miscellaneous purposes. Ethnobotanical survey was conducted from June
to November, in 2023, in all regions (south, east, central, west and north) of Serbia, including 64 localities(24 cities and 40 villages). The group of 376 local inhabitants was interviewed by semi-structured interview. Twenty-two use-reports were recorded, mostly
for medicinal purposes especially against stomach
diseases. It was shown that common mugwort wasused in all investigated regions in Serbia, mostly in southern Serbia. The most frequently mode of
preparation was infusion, while tincture and balm
were less utilized. Flowering aerial parts (mostly
dried) were the most used plant part against different diseases, especially against digestive tract
disorders. Also, dried leaves and roots are used as
remedy against stomachache. Some informants
mentioned that in the past they used dried herba as
revetment against sore throat. We documented new
folk names and recipes for tincture and balm. There
are differences in the usage of this plant between
regions, and between men and women. Also, some
respondents mentioned that this plant is a weed inagricultural fields. We documented for the first timethat shoots without leaves and inflorescences areused as a toy for children in urban area in western
Serbia, a novelty for Balkan ethnobotany.

P.0428 Anti-inflammatory,
anti-microbial, andanticancer activitiesof medicinal plantshydrocolloid extract
Mapula Razwinani1, Keolebogile SCM
Motaung1
1 Durban University of Technology, Department ofTechnology Transfer and Innovation, Steve Biko
Campus, Durban, South Africa.
South Africa has a high incidence rate of serious
burn injuries and deaths which is the most common
cause of death in children under the age of four.
South African burns affect about 3.2% of the population annually. The purpose of this study is to design,
formulate, and a fabricate medicinal plant hydrocolloid. The plant extract was screened for its phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities

and then incorporated with natural polymers to design, synthesize, and characterize the hydrocolloid
dressing. The plant extracts show the presence ofalkaloids, saponin, and flavonoids; and inhibitionof S. aureus and P. putidi bacteria The synthesized
dressing SEM image exhibited irregular, smooth,interwoven, and uniform morphology with fibrous
bead-shaped and FTIR spectra show that the wounddressings were successfully synthesized, with several similar peaks for each single layer hydrocolloid.
The phytochemical screening of plant extracts andpre-formulation study is an essential preliminary
study to ensure the successful establishment of an
optimum drug delivery system before formulation of
a novel modality for wound healing dressing.

P.0429 Ethnobotany in theTecozautla municipality,
Hidalgo, Mexico
Gabriela Hernández1, Sonia Rojas1, Carlos
Castillejos1, Reynalda Roldán1, Carolina
Rojas11
1 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
In Tecozautla, Hidalgo, there is a xeric scrubland withdifferent plant associations that belong to the Queretano-Hidalgo Arid Zone in the final portion of the
Mexican Chihuahuan Desert. In this region, Otomi influence, once an important heritage, has diminishedover time. This is manifested in the limited numberof floristic studies carried out and in the absence ofethnobotanists. However, this field of study plays acrucial role in highlighting the intimate relationshipbetween humans and plants. Thus, an ethnobotanical analysis of the species in the municipality was
carried out, as well as a simplified description of theuses of medicinal species. 209 (43.63%) species wererecorded with some use of the 479 reported for theregion. The Eudicotyledons presented 161 (77.03%)
species, Monocotyledons 37 (17.70%), Monilophytes 9(4.31%) and Gymnosperms and Lycophytes, a single
species each (0.48%). The families with the greatest
number of useful genera were Asteraceae with 32(15.31%) and Poaceae with 18 (8.61%) and the generawith the most species were Ipomea with 5 (2.39%)
and Euphorbia with 4 (1.91%). The useful plants wereclassified into 10 ethnobotanical categories, themain ones being: medicinal with 124 (47.15%) species, ornamental with 63 (23.95%) and forage with49 (18.63%); Those with the lowest percentage were:232

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fertilizers and wastewater treatment, both, with asingle species (0.38%). Finally, specific reference ismade to 124 medicinal species with ethnobotanical use data, and additional information is included
such as photographs of the plant, morphologicaldescription and distribution. This work is a useful tool
to facilitate taxonomic identification, mainly for people who are not related to the topic; in addition to
being a compilation that brings together the available ethnobotanical information.

P.0431 Conservation of
economically important
Nigerian trees through seed
dormancy release and invitro clonal propagation

P.0430 Diversity anddistribution of medicinal
plants of the United ArabEmirates (UAE): Perspectives
for sustainable utilizationand future research

1 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. 2 Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Sciences, Cape Peninsula
University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.

Salama Al Mansoori1, Sabitha Sakkir1,
Maher Kabshawi1
1 Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Environment
Agency - Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, UAE.
Medicinal plants are globally valuable sources of
herbal and traditional medicines and products. This
article provides an overview of the diversity and distribution of medicinal species of the UAE and efforts
to conserve their genetic resources through in-situ
and ex-situ conservation methods. The UAE is gifted with diverse habitat types occurring in the desert,
plains, coastal, sabkhas and mountainous ecosystems. The UAE flora contains over 600 native plant
species, which over 20% species were used in traditional medicines and product. The local knowledge associated with the conservation and use of
medicinal plants is disappearing at an alarming
rate. The main aim of the recently started Plant Genetic Resource Centre is to undertake and promote
long-term conservation of plant genetic resources,
including medicinal plants, by ex-situ conservationof seeds, in-vitro cultures, and cryopreservation
techniques. Germplasm of more than 120 medicinal
plant species is conserved in our ex-situ conservation facilities for various future research projects
and conservational programs. As well as the current
established network of protected areas in the UAE
which is one among the in-situ conservation strategies implemented. The number of medicinal plants
reported from country indicates that the people
possess rich traditional knowledge, and the vegetation constitutes rich diversity of medicinal plants.

Shakira Shaik1, Mustapha Haruna1,
Muhammad Nakhooda2Overharvesting and destruction of wild trees for
medicines, fuelwood and construction have led
to the decline of many economically significant
species in Nigeria such as Ziziphus spina-christi and Vitex doniana. Barriers to their cultivationand conservation are seed dormancy and a lackof mass propagation methods. Hence, strategies
to overcome seed dormancy, and techniques forin vitro clonal propagation, were presently investigated. Seeds of both species were established as
non-photoblastic with an optimal germination temperature range of 25-35°C. Physical dormancy was
attributed to hard testas, which, when removed andfractured in Z. spina-christi and V. doniana, respectively, improved germination to 87% in both species
compared to their controls (47 and 7%). Direct shootorganogenesis protocols were established using invitro-derived nodal explants. Shoot multiplication
was successful in Z. spina-christi using MS basal
salt medium containing 2 mgL-1 zeatin (5 shoots/
explant), and with Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing 0.3 mgL-1 benzylaminopurine, for V. doniana(4 shoots/explant). In the former, shoots were rooted ex vitro using a one-hour pulse treatment in 200
mgL-1 indole-3-butyric acid resulting in 80% rooting
and 100% plantlet survival post-acclimatisation. In
the latter, shoots were rooted on WPM containing
0.5 mgL-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) resulting in 80%
rooting and 93% plantlet survival post-acclimatisation. Protocol development for somatic embryogenesis (SE) was unsuccessful, as pro-embryos inducedwith 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, picloram, IAA,
or naphthalene acetic acid (or combinations ofthese), failed to develop further, largely attributable
to auxin persistence. This warrants further investigation as SE can be used a means of germplasm conservation for these declining species.

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P.0432 Effect of ginger
aqueous extract on THP-1
tumor cells

P.0433 Blue-red LED lightinduced anatomical andphysiological alterations in
the leaf of micropropagatedmedicinal plant Nepeta
nuda L.

Marcos C. Silva1,2*, Danilo Portela2, Eliane
Conceição2, Camila Nascimento1,2, Pedro
Sá1, Renata Souza1, Thais Rocha1,2, Olga
Souza1, Rafael Pereira2, José Raynal2,
Roberto Meyer2, Vera Vale1

Miroslava Stefanova1, Tsveta Ganeva1,
Momchil Paunov1, Miroslava Zhiponova1

1 State University of Bahia, Bahia, Bazil. 2 Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil. *marcosilva@
uneb.br.
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) is a monocotyledon, belonging to the Zingiberaceae family of theZingiberales order. Its tuberous rhizome is used for
multiple therapeutic benefits, such as bactericidal,
digestive, circulatory, respiratory, immunomodulatory action and cancer prevention. It is widely usedin medicinal systems to treat a variety of diseases,
including loss of appetite, indigestion and pain, as
well as in the cuisine of various peoples. The ginger has main components: carbohydrates andlipids, including free fatty acids, oleoresin, volatile oils, among others. However, the main phenolic
compounds in ginger are gingerols, shogaols andparadols, which can have immunomodulatory effects, including the ability to modulate inflammation and the function of components of the cellularimmune response, as well as antitumor effect. This
work aimed to evaluate the effect of crude aqueous
ginger extract (obtained by solubilization and subsequent centrifugation of 2g of rhizome powder in
10mL of saline solution) subjected to temperaturesof 25, 40, 60 and 80°C on the development of tumor
monocytes of the THP-1 lineage. For this, 1x106 monocytes TPH-1 were incubated in culture and each well
was stimulated by one of the different extracts at aconcentration of 1000 μg/mL. The entire experiment
was carried out in triplicate. The material was incubated for 48h at 37°C in an oven containing 5% CO2.
After this period, the MTT assay (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was performed to verify cell viability. It was observed thatthe 25°C extract reduced ~70% the development oftumor cells, the 40°C extract promoted a reductionof ~50%, the 60°C extract ~30% and the 80°C extract
a reduction of ~60%. These data suggest that ginger
has compounds with antitumor potential and thatthe way and temperature in which it is consumed
can influence this effect.

1 Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment
Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria.
The biotechnological approach for in vitro propagation of medicinal plants followed by ex vitro
adaptation provides upscale multiplication in acontrolled environment. Here, we aimed to test
the impact of LED light on the micropropagation
efficiency of Nepeta nuda L. Combined blue andred LED lights with high intensity (BR) and low intensity (BRS) were applied and compared to theregular white fluorescent light (W) under in vitro
conditions. The histological and morphometricanalyses revealed altered leaf anatomy. In comparison with W, the BR light enlarged the leaf area
and increased the mesophyll height, while theepidermal height remained the same. Stomata
on the adaxial surface and increased stomataldensity on the abaxial surface were observed under BR illumination. The BRS reduced the leaf area
and thickness due to the diminished height of all
tissues and shrinkage of the spongy parenchyma
intercellular spaces. The morphology and density of the non-glandular and glandular trichomes
were not altered by the different blu-red intensities. In the following ex vitro adaptation in greenhouse under daylight, the BR-plantlets showed anenhanced efficiency of photosynthetic electrontransport, which defines this light regime as suitable for initial cultivation of N. nuda. The achieved
results confirmed the anatomical analysis of thein vitro-plantlets as an appropriate method thatprovides predictable and reliable data about theadaptive capability of the plantlets to overcome
the demanding process of ex vitro adaptation, restoring their bioactive potential.

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P.0434 Chemotaxonomy
of plants for medicinal use
from the Sierra Nororientalof the state of Puebla,
Mexicofor their appropriate use, that provide benefits forthe community.

Valdés-Vásquez I. F.1, Rojas-Chávez S.2,
Serrano-Dirvas D. L.3, Mendoza-Cariño M.4
1 Unidad de Investigación en Ecología Vegetal, FES
Zaragoza UNAM, Ciudad de México, México. 2 Laboratorio de Investigación Formativa, FES Zaragoza
UNAM, Ciudad de México, México. 3 Unidad de Investigación en Química Computacional, Síntesisy Farmacología, FES Zaragoza UNAM, Ciudad de
México, México 4 Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Universidad Chapingo, Ciudad de
México, México.
This research was carried out in the Region Sierra
Nororiental of Puebla, Mexico, due to the historicalimportance of the cultural region, medicinal plants
have active ingredients that carry out modificationsin the human body through secondary metabolites
from four families: acids, alkaloids, phenols and terpenes, with components such as carotenoids, flavonoids, mucilage and pectins. The study area islocated in the central region of Mexico, surroundedby the type of vegetation of Cloud Forest, Low Subdeciduous Forest and Evergreen Tropical Forest, todeterminate the biological and phytochemical diversity of the species, botanical collections werecarried out, they were taxonomically identified andinterviews were carried out with traditional doctors
to learn about the use and preparation of eachone, as well as its applications in the different healthproblems of the population, this served to generate
a glossary for the recognition and application ofphytochemical families. 75 species belonging to 43
families were identified, of which they have been described in 51 similarities, in which gastritis, diabetes
mellitus Type 2 and urticaria related to apparatus
and systems of the human body, stand out. Mainly
the digestive system, nervous system and skin predominate, however plants for medicinal use haveproperties more focused on the protection of thesystems: locomotor, circulatory and endocrine because the secondary metabolites inhibit the attackof pathogens. In conclusion, the use of medicinal
plants constitutes an alternative to the lack of healthservices in several rural populations, therefore, theglossary as a resource facilitates the recognition ofplants in the region and includes recommendations

P.0435 Cytotoxic action of
Psidium bahianum essential
oil on cells of the THP-1
leukemic lineage
Vera Vale1, Olga Lara Souza1, Renata
Souza1, Thais Rocha2, Alexa Paes Coelho1,
Marcos Silva1,2
1 State University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil. 2 Federal
University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
Psidium bahianum Landrum & Funch, belonging to
the Myrtaceae family, has a geographical distribution restricted to some regions of the State of Bahia,
mainly in the Atlantic Forest region of southern Bahia. Several species of the genus Psidium have been
related to antitumor potential for different cell lines,
including Psidium guajava, Psidium cattleianum
and Psidium guineense. The objective of this work
was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of P. bahianum essential oil on cells of the human leukemia
lineage, THP-1. Leaves were collected in the morning, 9 am, in the Atlantic Forest Vegetation Complex of Campus II – UNEB in the municipality of Alagoinhas - Bahia, Brazil. The young leaves were cut,weighed (350g) and the essential oil was obtainedby the “water vapor drag” technique for a period of 4hours and 30 minutes, using a Clevenger apparatus.
Monocytes from the human tumor line THP-1 were
cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 1% penicillin/spectromycin and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS),
in a humidified environment at 37ºC with 5% CO2 for
48 hours in triplicate. 1x106 of THP-1 cells were used ineach well and stimulated at concentrations of 200,
100 and 50 μg/mL. The entire experiment was carriedout in triplicate. After this period, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay
was performed to verify the cell viability. At a concentration of 200μg/mL, there was a 75% reduction
in viable cells, at a concentration of 100μg/mL the reduction was 25% and at a concentration of 50μg/mL,
the reduction was visible at 0.6% when compared tothe control. These data suggest that P. baihanum
essential oil has constituents with antitumor activity
for tested cells and subsequent studies will be necessary to better understand the oil’s mechanisms ofaction, including other tumor lineages.

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P.0436 Ethnobotany andmedical applications in
Acalypha: a global review
with taxonomic assessment

P.0437 Anatolian medicinal
plants in respiratory
diseases: A review of theethnobotany

Lucía Villaescusa González1, José María
Cardiel Sanz2, Iris Montero Muñoz3, Pablo
Muñoz Rodríguez1

Golshan Zare1, N. Yağmur Diker1, I. Irem
Tatlı Çankaya1

1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. 2 Real Jardín
Botánico de Madrid, Spain.
Throughout history, humans have used plants formany different purposes, including disease prevention and treatment. Understanding why andhow communities have used and continue to use
plants not only has an intrinsic value as part ofhuman history but is also important as it can help
identify new compounds of pharmacological interest and conservation priorities. Many plants
used by humans, however, belong to groups
that are only imperfectly known, and the lack of
a good taxonomic knowledge makes it difficult
to confirm the identity of the plants studied. This
work focuses on the genus Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae). With ca. 500 accepted species and apantropical distribution, almost a third of Acalypha species have reported uses by humans. The
information available is, however, only of limited
use since we lack a basic taxonomic knowledge
for most species, specimen misidentification
is frequent, and many names used in previous
studies are now considered synonyms. Understanding the ethnobotanical diversity in Acalypha
necessarily relies on a comprehensive taxonomy,
which is missing for many Acalypha species. We
present a detailed review of the ethnobotany ofAcalypha species used by past and present human populations. We compiled, classified, andcritically reviewed scientific literature on ethnobotanical research and experimental studies ofAcalypha, at a global scale. Importantly, we assess the taxonomy of the plants studied and thereliability of the studies published and classify all
recorded uses following international standards
to facilitate future research. This review, part of abroader monographic study of the genus, opens
the door to subsequent targeted investigation on
Acalypha and its medicinal potential.

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara,
TurkeyRespiratory disorders are among the most common diseases worldwide and include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, emphysema, pneumonia, or emphysema. A large part ofthe population experiences at least one of these
disorders in a mild or severe form annually. This
review aimed to evaluate the documented medicinal plants from Anatolia which are traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases. Turkey washome to many ancient civilizations geographically placed as a bridge between Asia and Europe and, during many historical periods createda transition between the continents of Europe,
Asia and Africa. Consequently, throughout history, the plants have been extensively used for
different purposes such as nutrition and healing.
On this sense, approximately five hundred planttaxa from Anatolia were listed as traditional therapeutics for the treatment of respiratory diseases
including asthma, bronchitis, colds & flu, influenzas and pneumonia. Despite 512 taxa with ethnobotanical records, our result has highlighted 33
most frequently used plants. Fruits of Rosaceae,
aerial parts of Lamiaceae, flowers of Asteraceae
members besides Tilia, are among the most used
taxa. Generally, these plants are used internallyfor therapeutic purposes and mainly preparedwith hot or cold water as decoctions, infusions
and macerations. Most of these taxa have antibacterial, antiviral, antitussive, antipyretic, andanti-inflammatory activities. Sambucus nigra,
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cydonia oblonga, Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, Juniperus oxycedrus,
Plantago spp., Rubus spp. and Pinus with antiviral,
anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities can be subjected to further investigationas potential candidates against COVID-19.

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S.038. CONSERVATION STATUS OF MAGNOLIAIN SOUTH AMERICA
P.0438 Cinchona nitida incritical danger: assessment,
conservation strategies, andchallenges in central Perú
Lizeth K. Huamán1, Joaquina A. Albán1,
Adrián Saldaña2
1 Department of Ethnobotany and Economic Botany, Natural History Museum of San Marcos, Lima,
Perú. 2 Seed Blessing Ethnobotanical Garden, San
Ramón, Perú.
Cinchona nitida, a perennial and endemic tree of
Peru, has recently been recorded in the Junín department, indicating an expansion beyond the initial records in Huánuco. Although not classified as
threatened wildlife under the Peruvian current regulation (Supreme Decree N°043-2006-AG), the species faces critical risks due to its restricted distribution
and threats such as land-use change and climatechange. This study aims to assess the current statusof the species and propose conservation strategies.
Information was compiled from national and international herbariums, supplemented by over five field
expeditions in various locations in Huánuco, Junín,
and Pasco to collect data on density by stages andmorphological characteristics observed in the field.
Additionally, the area of occupancy and extent of
occurrence were analyzed, and activities altering its
habitat were recorded. The results indicate that Cinchona nitida is primarily concentrated in the localityof Malalma, Junín, particularly at altitudes between
2000 and 2100 m.a.s.l. However, a subsequent visit
revealed an incident of deforestation affecting previously surveyed populations, indicating even greater vulnerability and justifying its inclusion in the nationally and internationally threatened flora list. The
reduction of habitat and its limited geographicaldistribution (EOO < 100 km2 and AOO < 10 km2) support its classification as critically endangered. Facedwith these challenges, reforestation is proposed in
the Callas Palca Community or the Pampa Hermosa
Reserved Zone, areas close to the registered populations in Junín. Additionally, repopulation in the districts of the Oxapampa province, Pasco, is suggested
due to their altitude and similar climatic conditions. In
conclusion, the urgent conservation of Cinchona nitida is imperative due to its critical endangered status
and the vulnerability of its habitat. This underscores
the pressing need to review and update conservation classifications, incorporating nursery propagation and field reintroduction protocols to ensure theeffective protection of this at-risk species.

S.054. EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY OF
CARBON CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS(CCM) IN LAND PLANTS
P.0439 Patterns ofphytochemical variation in
populations of Amaranthus
viridis in two ecologicalzones of Ghana
Gideon Antwi1, Matthew Kweku Essilfie1
1 Department of Plant and Environmental Biology,
University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana.

The study aimed to assess the patterns of variations
in total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, andantioxidant activity in populations of A. viridis in two
different ecological zones of Ghana. Matured plantleaves of A. viridis were collected at two different locations namely Aburi Botanical Gardens and Legon
Botanical Gardens and were subjected to ethanolic
extraction. The extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl 1,1-2 picrylhydrazyl
radical scavenging, total phenolic content was analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and total fla-

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vonoid content was also analyzed using the Aluminium chloride colorimetric technique. The correlationof total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity,
and total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity
all yielded a directly proportional association. Thus,
as total phenolic content increased total flavonoid
content also increased and this applies to all the
scenarios above. There was a substantial differencein the phenolic content as Aburi Botanical Gardens
had a higher phenolic content than Legon Botanical Gardens. The semi-deciduous forest of the Aburi
Botanical Garden and the coastal savannah of theLegon Botanical Garden, two contrasting ecologicalcontexts, have diverse effects on the phytochemicalcomposition of A. viridis, as this study has clarified.

P.0440 Investigating
the role of epigenetic
inheritance in Crassulacean
Acid Metabolism (CAM)
photosynthesis in Cistanthe
longiscapation of titratable acid and tracking gas exchange data.
We collected seeds from both treatments, then grew
the seeds in separate batches such that F1 progeny
from each treatment were grown under full-waterand drought, effectively setting up four treatments. We
compared CAM phenotypes of these F1 progeny, testing whether the magnitude of CAM remains upregulated in the progeny of drought plants compared tothe progeny of watered plants. We also compared thetiming of onset of CAM following the start of drought. In
all, our experiment contributes to the literature on therole of epigenetics in conferring drought tolerance between generations by conducting the first epigenetic
inheritance experiment in a facultative CAM species.

P.0441 Tropaeolaceae as amodel system to study theevolution and developmentof morphological traits
Sebastián Martínez-Salazar1, Yan Gong1,
Natalia Pabón-Mora2, Elena Kramer1
1 Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. 2 Universidad
de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Dauerman, Sophie1, Chomentowska, Anri1,
Edwards, Erika1
1 Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, New Haven, USA.
Cistanthe longiscapa is a charismatic annual plant in
the family Montiaceae. Native to the Atacama Desert
in Chile, C. longiscapa experiences drought stress after mass-flowering following El Niño events. This plant
performs CAM photosynthesis, which involves nighttime fixation of CO2 into malic acid and its decarboxylation during the day. This is beneficial because CAM
limits daytime water loss – C. longiscapa is a facultative CAM plant, upregulating CAM during drought. Gas
exchange monitoring revealed that the CAM cycle remains activated after rewatering, even once daytime
stomatal conductance has returned to pre-droughtlevels. This indicates changes in expression of CAM
genes that persist after the cessation of the environmental signal. One plausible explanation for the phenomenon is epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation. In this study, we investigate the role of epigenetic
modification in the regulation of functional CAM photosynthesis. We grew parental C. longiscapa individuals in two treatments – under drought or fully watered– and monitored plant growth. We characterized theCAM phenotypes by measuring overnight accumula-

The monogeneric Tropaeolaceae (Brassicales) is afamily of flowering plants that encompasses about 100
species native from South and Central America. This
family displays a diversity of morphological traits thatare lacking or rare in the closely related Brassicaceae,
to which the model plant Arabidopsis belongs. Suchtraits include tuber formation, a climbing growth habit,
peltate leaves, bilateral floral symmetry, floral tube development, nectar spurs, complex petal sculpting, anda broad range of pollination syndromes. In turn, we aredeveloping Tropaeolaceae as a model system to study
the evolution and development of those traits. This isparticularly convenient because the members of thefamily have relatively short life cycles, and their genetic
complement lacks two rounds of whole-genome duplications that most other Brassicales, including Arabidopsis, share. To start, we have been building comparative transcriptomic resources to study gene expression
in different Tropaeolum species. We have also been
optimizing virus-induced gene silencing in the garden
nasturtium, Tropaeolum majus, as a technique to study
gene function. We have performed this technique todownregulate a gene required for carotenoid synthesis(the PHYTOENE DESATURASE TmPDS) as a positive control, and a gene required for anthocyanin synthesis (theANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE TmANS) as a reporter genein a variety of T. majus high in anthocyanins. This tech-238

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us to have a better understanding on how these traits
have evolved and diversified in the family.

S.055. EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION OF
CONVERGENT FLORAL PHENOTYPES 1
P.0442 Floral adaptations
for pollination by bats andhummingbirds in ringgentians (Symbolanthus,
Gentianaceae)

space. This occurs because floral characteristics suchas flower shape, time of blooming, and nectar volume
that aid visitation by both groups need to be collectedin the field. Additionally, we carried out flight cage experiments with bats and hummingbirds to determine
the effect of the corona, a tube-like structure within thecorolla, on pollen deposition and found that it helps tofilter pollinators’ access to nectar at the ovary base.

Belen Alvestegui1, Lena Struwe2, Nathan
Muchhala1
1 University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, USA. 2 Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA.
Research carried out during the last 20 years has revealed that the ring-gentians (Symbolanthus, Gentianaceae), a neotropical asterid genus, has a particularly high floral diversity. There are at least 38
Symbolanthus species (including 8 species to be
described) that are present from Bolivia in the south
to Costa Rica in the north, with outliers on the tepuis
in Venezuela and Guyana (on the Guiana Shield)
and in the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. Their up
to 12-cm long conspicuous corollas present variable
shape, symmetry, and color patterns, with basic colors ranging from green, white, and yellow to pink andred, depending on the species. Pollinator informationis remarkably poor for such a large-flowered taxon,
but herbarium records and new investigations haverevealed primary visitation by bats and hummingbirds. We determined pollination systems for species
in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Colombia. We found that somespecies of Symbolanthus concur with traditional pollination syndromes: tubular, red-flowered species with
UV-reflecting nectar guides are visited by hummingbirds (e.g., S. australis), and white, bell-shaped species
are visited by bats (e.g., S. pterocalyx). However, otherpink-yellow-flowered species are generalized to bothgroups (e.g., S. brittonianus). By combining these pollinator observations with floral measurements takenfrom herbaria, we found that typical pollination syndromes are validated by distinct morphospaces but
species hypothesized to be adapted to bat and hummingbird pollination are dispersed in the morpho-

P.0443 Pollen flower
classification then and now:
Vogel (1978) revisited
Melo L.R.F.1, Vasconcelos T.2, Brito V.L.G.3
1 Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Conservation
and Biodiversity - Institute of Biology, Universidade
Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais,
Brazil. 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. 3 Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The term “pollen flowers” describes flowers that present pollen as the main or only resource available for
their pollinators. Such flowers are mainly pollinated bybees and have a series of morphological and functional adaptations, especially in their male reproductive organs, related to their close interaction with
pollinators. In 1978, these adaptations led the botanist
Stefan Vogel to classify pollen flowers into three types:
Magnolian, Papaver, and Solanum. However, Vogel’s
classification was based on limited access to datafrom that time and, for that reason, it did not encompass all the variability of floral traits and ecological interactions that pollen flowers are currently known topresent. In this study, we revisit the pollen flower classification by Vogel to assess whether it encompasses
the currently known diversity of pollen flowers. Pollen
flowers were reported in 75 of the 420 angiosperm
families recognized in the APG IV, and our analysis allowed the identification of three functional groups ofpollen flowers that are different from the original ones
proposed by Vogel. The first group includes flowers

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that have anthers with longitudinal dehiscence, shedor exposed pollen grains, radial symmetry, many stamens, and commonly brush-blossom floral display.
The second group also has flowers with longitudinalanthers but their flowers are mostly grouped, small,and with reduced petals and few stamens. In addition, this group presents ambophily as a reproductive
strategy, a condition not analyzed in Vogel’s work. The
last group is characterized by poricidal anthers andpollen grains that are released in small portions. Theseflowers often have few stamens that contrast with thepetals’ colors, radial symmetry, and a shooting-starfloral display. In conclusion, our research suggests a
move away from Vogel’s classification and encourages a more inclusive and comprehensive classificationof pollen flowers based on morphological traits.

P.0444 Analysis offlower formation in two
species with contrasting
morphology, Disocactus
speciosus and Disocactus
eichlami (Cactaceae)
C. Genaro Ramírez-Castro1,2, Estela
Sandoval-Zapotitla1, Isaura RosasReinhold1,2,3, Alma Piñeyro-Nelson4,5,
Salvador Arias1
Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México,
México. 2 Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados,
Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México. 3 Center for
Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University,
New York, USA. 4 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México. 5 Centro
de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.

1

Species of the Cactaceae family present adaptations
related to their growth in environments under hydricstress. These adaptations have resulted in the reduction and modification of various structures such asleaves, stems, lateral branches, roots and the structuring of flowers in a so-called flower shoot or floral axis.
Although the flowers and fruits of cacti have a consistent morphology, the developmental dynamics of thevegetative and reproductive tissues that comprise thereproductive unit have only been inferred through theanalysis of the morpho-anatomy of the pre-anthetic
buds. In this work we present a comparative analysis

of flower development in two species with contrasting
morphologies, Disocactus speciosus and Disocactus
eichlamii. We also put forth a preliminary analysis ofgenes involved in the formation of the floral axis. The
morpho-anatomical data show that within the areol,
an apical meristem of the shoot begins to grow upward, producing lateral leaves with a spiral arrangement, quickly transitioning to a floral meristem. There isdifferential growth of the vegetative tissue, which covers the floral tissue and generates a graded transition
between organs, as well as among internal tissues inboth species. We also observed that different meristem sizes may be involved in the formation of thesecontrasting morphologies. Furthermore, analyzing
transcriptomic data of these species, we found putative orthologous genes forLEAFY (LFY)TERMINAL FLOWER
1 (TFL1), APETALLA 1 (AP1) and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON
2 (CUC2). The expression dynamics of these genes
during flower development could explain the formation of the floral axis. Here we present a first study that
documents the first developmental stages of initial
meristem determination, floral axis formation and theearly differentiation of floral organs, as well as an orthology analysis of genes that could be involved in floral development in these species.

P.0445 Convergence andmolecular evolution of floral
scent after independenttransition to selfing in thegenus Capsella
Natalia Wozniak 1, Kevin Sartori 2, Christian
Kappel1, Lihua Zhao 2, Alexander Erban3,
Ines Fehrle3, Friederike Jantzen1, Stefanie
Rosa2, Michael Lenhard1, Joachim Kopka3,
Adrien Sicard 2
1 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany. 2
Sverige Lantbruks Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden. 3
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany.
A striking example of convergent evolution in the plant
kingdom is the repeated mating system shift fromcross-pollination to self-pollination. It is demonstrated
that the breakdown of the self-incompatibility system
triggers the relaxation of the selection on pollinator
attractive traits, which induces a phenotypic transformation; the so-called “selfing syndrome”. Self-pollinating species (hereinafter “selfers”) have smaller240

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and less showy reproductive organs, have smaller
pollen-to-ovule ratios and produce less nectar thancross-pollinating species (“outcrossers”), while less isknown about scent production. By comparing the volatile compound emissions of closely related outcrossers and selfers, we aim at identifying essential compounds for pollinator attraction that suffer relaxationof selection in the selfers. Capsella species represent
ideal study models to address this phenomenon: thetransition to selfing occurred at least two times independently through the breakdown of the self-incompatibility system of the outcrossing C. grandiflora-likeancestors. The two selfers, C. rubella and C. orientalis
converged in the composition of scent, by a reduction of (E)-β-ocimene production. In-depth genetic
analysis in C. rubella revealed that a point mutation,
likely captured in the ancestral outcrosser population,
caused a rechanneling of the TERPENE SYNTHASE 2 outof the chloroplast to a different metabolic pathway.
Interestingly, the gene was not under relaxation of selection in none of the species, likely due to its pleiotropy. This might explain why the observed phenotypic
convergence does not echo a genetic convergence inthe second selfer, C. orientalis.

P.0446 Identification ofgenes that regulate scentbiosynthesis in Ophrys
orchids

SAD1/2 and SAD5/6 gene clusters in the O. sphegodes
genome. Owing to the central role those SAD genes
play in determining the positioning of the alkene double-bonds in O. sphegodes, a detailed characterization of their function and regulation is important forunderstanding the evolution of this specific pollination
mechanism. The present study aims to investigate theregulation of gene expression of these SAD genes. By
full-length RNA sequencing analyses combined with
GC-MS, we have identified 5 transcription factors,
which belong to the MYB, GTE, WRKY, and MADS families that are potentially related to SAD expression in
O. sphegodes. GTE and WRKY candidate genes havebeen cloned and will allow the exploration of their DNA
binding sites by DAP-Seq. Ultimately, our results willcontribute to understanding the genetic bases of floral scent biosynthesis and specificity of pollinator attraction in Ophrys orchids.

P.0447 A novel, fast,
efficient, and stabletransformation method for
Gorteria diffusa
Xiao Yu Wang1, Udhaya Ponraj1, Beverley J.
Glover1
1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK.

Chengwei Wang1, Alessia Russo1,2, Teresa
Rosa Galise3, Salvatore Cozzolino3,
Shuqing Xu4, Philipp M. Schlüter1
1 Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Instituteof Biology, University of Hohenheim, Germany. 2
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Switzerland. 3 Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. 4 Institutefor Evolutionary Plant Sciences, University of Mainz,
Mainz, Germany.
The genus Ophrys is remarkable for its mimicry, withflowers closely resembling pollinator females in a species-specific manner. Floral traits, especially scent, areassociated with pollinator attraction and are hence
suitable models for investigating the molecular basis of adaptation to pollinators. Ophrys sphegodess.l. employs a hydrocarbon profile in its scent, which
is similar to that of pollinator females and is mainlycomposed of alkanes and alkenes. Genes encoding
stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases (SAD) are
involved in alkene biosynthesis. We have identified

Gorteria diffusa has emerged as a model species
for studying plant evolution, flower development andinsect pollination behaviour. Multiple distinct populations (”morphotypes”) have evolved in a recent radiation, with remarkable diversity of floral morphology
between populations, allowing studies of incipient speciation. Some populations attract pollinators throughsexually deception, producing fly-mimicking complex
petal spots. These structures present exciting opportunities to explore development of novel traits, andrecent studies have shed light on likely genetic pathways which may have evolved through co-option ofgenetic elements involved in other developmental
pathways. However, inability to manipulate gene expression within the species has so far limited functional
analyses. In this study, we conducted Agrobacterium
tumefaciens - mediated somatic embryogenesis (SE)transformations on G. diffusa, targeting the Springbok
and Naries morphotypes. SE initiation was induced
using 2,4-D on explants. Various growth regulators at
different concentrations were tested across different
growth stages for both morphotypes. Interestingly, cytokines and auxins elicited distinct responses in each241

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morphotype. Moreover, both morphotypes demonstrated modulation by multiple growth regulators, influencing SE and shoot promotion. This novel discovery
highlights the critical roles played by multiple growth
regulators in plant regeneration across developmental stages. Stable transformation was confirmed in theT1 generation through crosses between T0 transgenic
plants and wild-type (WT). The differential responsesof various morphotypes to different growth regulators
are discussed in detail. This work pioneers a researchmethod for studying gene function in G. diffusa andholds significant importance in understanding theevolution of complex petal morphologies.

P.0448 The convergent
evolution of redifferentiated perianth in
Caryophyllineae
Yi Zhao1, Sam F. Brockington1, Beverley J.
Glover1
1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
The perianth is one of the unique features of angiosperms, yet it is not conserved and has been lost andregained multiple times during angiosperm evolution. The perianth consists of whorls of modified sterileleaves that cover the fertile leaves (i.e., stamens andcarpels) in angiosperm flowers, and which can be
showy or protective. A plant can acquire whorl(s) of

perianth by either sterilising the stamens from aboveor modifying vegetative leaves from below. The Caryophyllineae is a good clade for studying the re-differentiated perianth—the ancestor of the clade only
had one whorl of protective perianth, while the descendants independently re-differentiated the perianth multiple times in various different ways, yet thedetails of which remain unclear. To better understandperianth evolution in Caryophyllineae and to provide
foundations for future genetic studies on their perianth,
I used scanning electron microscopy to study general
floral morphology, inflorescence structures and floral
developmental series of five representative species
with undifferentiated or re-differentiated perianth
across Caryophyllineae. Based on the results, I inferredsome general perianth evolution models in the Caryophyllineae—When the showy perianth are from sterile
stamens, the plant can either abort the anthers andelongate the filaments, or keep and expand the thecae of the anthers and shrink the filament. When the
showy perianth are derived from bracts immediately
below the stamens, the hyaline margins are often well
expanded and coloured. When the protective perianth
are derived from bracts below the bracts immediately below the stamens, the inflorescence structures areextensively modified, so that prophylls (i.e., a type ofbract) that once belong to the central flower or otherflowers in the inflorescence now become part of theperianth. This study provides a basis for future studies
considering which developmental genetic changes
may be involved in differentiating the perianth in the
Caryophyllineae.

S.056. EVOLUTION OF KEY INNOVATIONS IN
LAND PLANTS REVEALED THROUGH THE LENS
OF EVODEVO
Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement
des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon,
France. 3 Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont–
Ferrand, France.

P.0450 Mechanicalconflicts emerging at the
inflorescence stem in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Mariko Asaoka1,2, Eric Badel3, Olivier
Hamant2, Kazuhiko Nishitani1
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan. 2

In plants, mechanical integrity of organs requires
coordinated growth because cells remain contiguous through their walls. Recently, we demonstrated
that stem integrity in Arabidopsis thaliana relies on
three additive mechanical components: the epidermis that resists inner cell growth, cell proliferation
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ated with vascular bundle distribution in deep tissues. More specifically, we find that the unbalanced
growth of stem organ in the clavata3 de-etiolated3
mutant stretched epidermal cells, ultimately generating cracks in stems (Maeda et al. 2014, Asaoka
et al. 2021). We also find another regulator of stem
integrity, the transcription factor INDETERMINATE DOMAIN9 (IDD9), which triggers stem cracking when expressed as a dominant repressor version (Asaoka et
al. 2023). This work reveals how multifactorial stem
integrity is. Yet, we are still lacking for a comprehensive understanding of this research field. Here, we
present a new mutant line that displays stem cracking. Unlike the other lines mentioned above, this mutant showed no obvious defects on inner stem arrangement, except for thicker stem. We report theresults of the analyses of mechanical properties andcell wall components of this line. References: Maeda
et al. 2014. Plant Cell Physiol. 55:1994-2007; Asaoka
et al. 2021 Development 148: dev198028; Asaoka et
al. 2023 Development 150: dev201156.

P.0451 Homeolog-aware
genetic e Conservation andvulnerability of seagrass
communities on the coast of
the Gulf of Mexico.
Margarita E. Gallegos Martìnez , Sergio
A. Fuentes Agueda1, Gabriela Márquez
Labastida1, Francisco J. Ordoñez Gasca1,
Iliana Pérez Espinosa2
1

1 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa México City, Mexico. 2 Comisión Nacional parael Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad México
City, Mexico.
Seagrass communities are relevant for protecting the coastline and are important carbon sinks.
Nowadays, they are experiencing a strong decline
globally, due to global warming and anthropogenic
changes. However, the current state and ecosystemservices they provide in both tropical and temperatezones are unknown. The objective was to analyze thevulnerability of seagrasses with biotic and abiotic
variables in the Gulf of Mexico. In 7 areas along 63
stations of The Gulf of Mexico, with an ecosounder BioSonics model DT-X, the relative coverage ofSubmerged Aquatic Vegetation was registered.
Also, environmental parameters (temperature pH,

depth, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nutrients in the water column, interstitial water, type of sediment, andorganic carbon) and biotic parameters (Distribution and abundance (g/m2) of Submerged Aquatic
Vegetation, phytoplankton, and epiphyte biomass)
were registered at each site, the years 2016 and 2019
for each of the four months. The areas have significant differences in depth, salinity, and dissolved
oxygen, which are related to the composition andabundance of the SAV. Area 4 (Dzilam de Bravo) has
the highest biomass in SAV and the lowest is Area 2(Champotón). Phytoplankton biomass was higher in
Area 1 (Laguna de Terminos) and epiphyte biomass
was higher in Area 2. Vulnerable seagrass communities are the ones that are less protected and havehigh anthropogenic activities like Area 2. The mostabundant are communities in Area 3 (Petenes) and
4, which are related to conserved areas and haveless anthropogenic impacts.

P.0452 The origin and early
evolution of water transport
in land plants
Alexander M. C. Bowles1
1 Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Around 500 million years ago, the first plants moved
from aquatic environments onto land, transforming the atmosphere and promoting the evolution ofanimals and fungi. The transport of water is a key
innovation that enables plants to thrive in terrestrial
habitats. Water availability is one of the most limiting factors to plant growth, with important implications for crop production and food security. Thus,
understanding the evolutionary development ofwater transport tissues will not only inform us about
the past, by revealing how the first land plants conquered terrestrial environments, but it will also aid
us in the future, by shedding light on plant development and water transport mechanisms. A key unresolved question is whether water transport tissues inland plants evolved once, or on multiple occasions. I
will address this question through a suite of interdisciplinary and complementary analyses of fossil collections, living taxa and omics data. Here, I present
my fellowship research objectives and initial insights
into the evolution of water conducting and vascular tissues in land plants. This work will transform ourunderstanding of the morphological and genetic
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lution of water transport in plants. Deciphering theorigin and evolution of water transport will haveprofound implications for our understanding of thefirst land plants and their influence on the biosphere.
Furthermore, greater insight into the evolutionary
development of water transport will improve our understanding of adaptations to yield-limiting stressors (e.g., drought tolerance) in the descendants ofthe first land plants (e.g., crops).

P.0453 A fifth origin ofdissected and pseudocompound leaves inmonocots: the remarkableleaf development of thegenus Eriospermum

dence ectopic adaxial blastozome activity and fusion
as a novel developmental mechanism leading to thedevelopment of pseudo-compund leaves in monocots. We further explore the adaptive significance of
this unusual evolutionary developmental trajectoryfor Eriospermum species in semi-arid habitats.

P.0454 The expressionof KN1 orthologue in theshoot apical meristemof Commelina erecta L.
(Commelinaceae)
Arthur K. Chan1,*, Gladys F. A. Melo-dePinna1
1 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil. *arthurchan@usp.br

Samuel F. Brockington1
1 Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
The leaves of monocots are typically simple and entire, and relative to eudicots, the occurrence of dissected to compound leaves is extremely rare. The
classical perspective is that dissected leaves havearisen convergently four times in four orders, the Alismatales, Pandanales, Dioscoreales and Arecales. Independent evolutionary origins of leaf dissection are
indicated by phylogenetic analyses and are reflected in the diversity of mechanisms employed duringleaf development including blastozone fractionation,
abscission-like leaflet separation and cell-death
mediated perforation. Here we describe a fifth originof pseudo-dissection and peudo-compound leaf
development in the monocot geophyte genus Eriospermum, that has radiated within semi-arid areas in
the Western Cape of South Africa. In contrast to previously described mechanisms in other origins, apparent leaf dissection in Eriospermum arises throughthe emergence of ectopic meristematic activity on
the adaxial surface of the leaf to generate leaflets. In
extreme cases the true leaf is reduced almost to avestigial organ, and the leaflet enations then form thebulk of the photosynthetic lamina giving the appearance of a dissected leaf. In at least two species within
Eriospermum, the enations have further fused to givethe impression of a central rachis supporting leaflet
like enations that strongly resemble a compound leaf
(pseudo-compund). We will present the phylogenetic evidence for the evolution of this unusual leaf morphology coupled with developmental data that evi-

KNOX are a well-conserved family of genes expressedin the shoot apical meristem through angiosperms,
regulating its indetermination and the formation ofleaves. In addition, homologues of Class 1 KNOX genes
also affect the shape of leaf margins in some eudicots, while in monocots, there have been evidencesof its expression determining its fusion in sheathes.
However, there haven’t been studies focusing on its
effect on families with closed sheath margins. One ofthem, Commelinaceae, is described as herbaceous
monocotyledonous plants, with simple leaves withsmooth margins, alternate phyllotaxy, no ligules andclosed tube-like sheathes. As it’s still unknown how
these genes are expressed in the meristems of thisfamily, the present study investigated the expressionof orthologs of KN1 genes at the leaf sheaths within
Commelina erecta L. Samples of apical meristems
from specimens of C. erecta were subjected to in situ
hybridization in order to verify the expression of KNOX
within its leaves, with the probe sequence establishedby degenerate RT-PCR based on conserved regionsof KN1 in species closer to Commelina. The sectionsof C. erecta reveal no expression of KN1 at the regionof the fused sheath margins, being only expressed at
the apical and axillary meristems extending into thefirst internodes, but with a clear absence at the ringshaped region of the disk of insertion from leaves.
This result is therefore expected as the usual expression of the KNOX family is concerned. It contrast, however, with the current model for sheath fusion in Poaceae, where it is assumed that KN1 orthologues arecorrelated with the lower sheath margins separation.
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scribed for C. erecta, being the first investigation ofthis gene within this family.

P.0456 Unearthing thediversity and evolution ofphloem in ferns
Zishan Fu1, Alexander J. Hetherington1
1 Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of
Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Phloem is vital for vascular plants because of its
fundamental role in transporting photosynthateand comprehensive roles in signalling. Despite its
importance, the evolution of phloem remains poorly understood. This is because phloem structure isusually poorly preserved in fossils and little attention
has been paid to characterising phloem structure
across the full diversity of vascular plants including
major groups such as ferns. This limits our ability tocharacterise the evolution of phloem over long periods of geological time. Therefore, my research aims
to reconstruct the evolution of key phloem traits inferns. Sieve elements (SEs), the conducting cells in
the phloem, are central to this investigation. Utilizing
histology and advanced microscopy techniques, I
am examining the phloem structure in various extant and extinct fern species, allowing for the quantification of critical phloem traits, including SE size.
Initial findings reveal notable intraspecific and interspecific variations in SE radius, with the latter displaying greater differences. A significant correlation
between SE radius and petiole radius in extant ferns
has been identified. Ancestral state reconstruction isapplied to outline the trait evolution and to predict
phloem structure in the common ancestor of ferns.
Fossil data are then used to validate these predictions. By integrating information from both extant
and extinct ferns, this research aims to quantify theevolutionary changes in key phloem traits over geological time and contribute valuable insights into
the evolution of phloem in land plants.

Most plant species have trichomes: epidermalhairs with diverse structures and roles in resistanceto pests, UV radiation, or possibly drought. The genus Antirrhinum (snapdragons) provides a useful
research system in which to identify and study thegenetic basis of natural variation of trichomes because of its species differ for trichome morphology and possibility to cross and produce hybrids inwhich the genes underlying the differences canbe mapped. The pattern of trichome distribution
in the genus reflects activity of the trichome-suppressing Hairy gene. However, one species, A. siculum, appears to have a low density of leaf andstem trichomes because of variation in a second
gene or genes. Near-isogenic lines have been obtained by back-crossing A. siculum x Hairy hybrids
to either A. siculum or the hairy parent. Self-pollinated near-isogenic lines, segregated 1 densely hairy:
2 intermediate hairy: 1 bald plant, suggesting thatbaldness of A. siculum is determined by a single
locus (Bald) with semi-dominant alleles. A duplication of chromosome 5 in the back-cross to A. siculum in both bald and hairy segregants prevented
the accurate mapping of the bald gene. However,chromosome counts in the back-cross to the hairy
parent, suggests no chromosome duplication in thisline. Therefore, the Bald gene will be identified byresequencing pools of densely hairy or bald plants
segregating for the A. siculum bald allele and the allele from the hairy parent. Its identity and function asa trichome promoter or repressor will be confirmedby reducing its expression with virus-induced genesilencing (ViGS). It will then be possible to find out
whether mutations in the bald gene are responsiblefor differences in trichome density in other Antirrhinum species.

P.0458 The role of climate
variation and genetic
analysis in shaping
sensitivity to vernalization
Masoumeh Khodaverdi1, Jill Preston1

P.0457 The genetic basis fornatural variation in plant
trichome density

1 Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.

Yumali Hewage1, Andrew Hudson1
1 Institute of Molecular Plant Scciences, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Flowering earlier in response to cold temperatures isreferred to as vernalization. This trait has evolved several times independently across angiosperms to adapt
the reproduction process of plants to relatively colder
temperatures of temperate habitats in comparison
to tropical regions, where many Pooideae (Poaceae)

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have originated from. Based on the previous studies,
this process has evolved in the early divergent tribesof Pooideae, implying that vernalization is required for
Meliaceae species. However, there is not enough datato conclude whether the underlying mechanisms forvernalization-induced flowering are different or similar at narrower levels (e.g., species-level) in Meliaceae species. To test the hypothesis that vernalization
responsiveness has evolved in the early divergent
tribes of Pooideae and test the genetic mechanismsof their early acquisition of cold, we conducted a seriesof experiments on 15 species from Melica L. (Meliceae)
collected from broad climatic regions to study how
flowering time changes in connection to a gradient of
temperatures. In these experiments, we carefully measured the flowering time of different groups of plantsthat were exposed to various lengths of cold periods
as an indication of their sensitivity to vernalization
against the control group that experienced no cold
period. We then quantified the association between
their vernalization sensitivity and several environmental factors including latitude and bioclimatic variables.
Our results demonstrated that vernalization-induced
flowering time shows variability across Melica species
and populations and that local adaptation plays animportant role in this trait. Moreover, we studied thegenetic basis of variation in vernalization sensitivity bychoosing one sensitive population and one non-sensitive population to perform a comparative transcriptome analysis between three thermal conditions: after
eight hours (cold shock), four weeks, and nine weeks ofcold treatment at 6°C. Based on this analysis we foundthat differential gene expressions in the sensitive population are mostly distinct from those in the non-sensitive one, though there also existed a decent overlap.

gy, Department of Biology, New York University, New
York, USA.
The Cactaceae family has larger shoot apical meristems (SAMs) than other seed plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Mechanisms involved in regulating
SAM size in cacti may be similar to those found inmodel plants. Yet, larger SAM may be achieved by reconfiguring existing genetic elements, leading to novelties found in cacti. The Mammillaria genus is a goodmodel system for studying SAM development due toits short life cycle, high diversity and ease of reproduction. We identified five developmental stages of
M. san-angelensis plantlets and compared SAM sizewith adult plants using histological and microscopic
electronic analysis. We also de novo sequenced thewhole genome of M. san-angelensis using the PacBio long-read sequencing platform and identified
two putative gene homologues that control SAM size:
WUSCHEL (WUS) and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). The
MsWUS gene consists of 2409 nucleotides with threeexons, two introns, and a putative protein of 273 amino acids. We found a high level of conservation at thenucleotide and amino acid level of the homeodomain,
WUS-box, and EAR-like domains compared to A. thaliana. However, the acidic region showed less conservation as compared to the A. thaliana sequence but
was highly conserved among several members of
the Caryophyllales. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis predicted an MsSTM gene double the size of the A.
thaliana gene, with larger introns but high conservation of the KNOX1/2, homeodomains, and ELK domains.
We are currently validating the coding sequence by
sequencing these genes and performing expression
analysis in the established developmental stages.

P.0460 Living xylem cells
are origins of vascular sap
peptide precursors

P.0459 Size matters:
revealing the genes
controlling shot apicalmeristem gigantism
in the Mexican cactus
Mammillaria sanangelensis

Min R. Lu1†, Chia-Chun Tung2, Chia-En
Huang3, Chang-Hung Chen3,4, Pin-Chien
Liou3,4, Chan-Yi Ivy Lin1, Jhong-He Yu3,
Ying-Lan Chen4*, Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin2,3,Isheng Jason Tsai1

Brenda A. López-Ruiz1, Michael D.
Purugganan2, Ulises Rosas1
1 Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México,
México. 2 Center for Genomics and Systems Biolo-

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1 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. 2 Department of Life Sciences,
College of Life Science, National Taiwan University,
Taipei, Taiwan. 3 Institute of Plant Biology, Collegeof Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan. 4 Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Bio-XX International
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technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Signaling peptides have been considered as a
type of plant hormone due to their crucial roles
in regulating various developmental processes
and physiological changes responding to environmental cues. Based on the traveling distance,
the signaling peptides can be categorized into
two groups: short-distance migrating peptides
for cell-cell communications and long-distancemigrating peptides for inter-organ/tissue signaling. Extensive knowledge has been revealed in
the former, highlighting their roles in both apicaland lateral plant growth. However, the origins andpotential functions of long-distance migrating
peptides remain to be fully elucidated. To investigate the origin of the long-distance migrating
peptides, we carried out peptidomic analyses
using LC-MS/MS on the vascular sap of Populus trichocarpa. Inference of ortho group with 14
representative species, we designated a total of
4,804 orthologs as sap peptide precursor genes.
The transcriptome across multiple tissues showedthat sap peptide precursor gene expression was
higher in xylem-associated tissues compared toother tissues. This pattern was also observed in
Eucalyptus grandis, Cinnamomum kanehirae, andArabidopsis thaliana, pointing to the crucial role ofthe sap peptide precursor gene in plant vascularbiology and evolution. By employing laser-capture
microdissection, we further partitioned the xylem
transcriptome across five developmental stages:
one primary growth, two transition, and two secondary growth stages. The sap peptide precursor genes exhibited the highest gene expression
in the first transition stage, contributing 41.05% of
the entire transcriptome. A consistent pattern was
also found inE. grandis, suggesting that the sap
signaling peptides originated from sap precursor
genes in the early stages of xylem development.
Our study has revealed that the living xylem cells
express sap peptide precursors, suggesting they
act as command centres for coordinating communication across the plant.

P.0461 Complete organelle
genomes of hemiparasitic
genus Cymbaria(Orobanchaceae)

Yang Ma1, Jordi López-Pujol2,3, Dongqing
Yan1, Zhen Zhou1, Zekun Deng1,
WenjianSong1, HaoZeng1, Jianming Niu1, 4, 5
1 School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China. 2 Botanic Instituteof Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 3
Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador. 4 Ministry of
Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource
Use of the Mongolian Plateau, Hohhot, China. 5 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology
and the Candidate State Key Laboratory of Ministryof Science and Technology, Hohhot, China.
The Orobanchaceae family is widely recognized
as an exemplary model system for examining theevolutionary dynamics of parasitic plants. However, reports on the complete organelle genome ofthe hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria L. are currently lacking. In addition, the traditional Mongolian
medicine, C. daurica L., namely “Xinba” in Chineseand “Kanba-Arong” in Mongolian, is frequently
subjected to adulteration because of minor morphological differences with C. mongolica Maxim. In
this study, we sequenced the organelle genomesof two ecologically and medicinally important
Cymbaria species and performed comprehensive
comparisons with the other Orobanchaceae species. We found that the Cymbaria chloroplast genomes were characterized by pseudogenization
or loss of stress-relevant genes (ndh), genome
size (150,488 bp on average) similar to autotrophs,
and typical quadripartite structure with a uniqueinversion in the LSC region. In contrast, their mitochondrial genomes were characterized by gene
content typical of flowering plants, larger genome
size (1,558,151 bp on average), and pentacyclic
structure. Further analyses of repetitive sequence,codon usage preference, RNA editing site, andselective pressure were conducted for both organelle genomes. Phylogenetic analyses yieldeda well-supported phylogenetic tree for Orobanchaceae, where in two hemiparasitic Cymbaria
species formed an independent sister clade to
the remaining parasitic lineages. The diversification of this monophyletic genus occurred during
the late Miocene (6.72 Mya) in the Mongol-Chinese
steppe regions. Furthermore, there were minimal
evidence of intracellular gene transfers (IGTs) andhorizontal gene transfers (HGTs) although the mitochondrial plastid sequences (MTPTs) were identified in these mitogenomes. Notely, four pairs ofspecific DNA barcodes were developed and validated to distinguish the herb from its adulterants.
Our findings provide valuable genetic resources

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University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany. 15 Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces,
USA. 16 Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Center,
New Mexico State University, Alcalde, USA. 17 Laboratoire Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, INRAE, CNRS, Universite Lyon, Lyon, France. 18
Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke
College, South Hadley, USA. 19 Natural History Museum, London, UK. 20 Physiology Department andDonnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 21
Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA. 22 Department of Plant andEnvironmental Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel.

for studying the phylogeny and evolution of Orobanchaceae and plant parasitism, and genetic
tools to validate the authenticity of the traditional
Mongolian medicine.

P.0462 Convergent
evolution of plant prickles
is driven by repeated gene
co-option over deep time
James W. Satterlee1,2, David Alonso3, Pietro
Gramazio3, Katharine M. Jenike4,5, Jia
He1,2, Andrea Arrones3, Gloria Villanueva3,
Mariola Plazas3, Srividya Ramakrishnan4,5,Matthias Benoit6, Iacopo Gentile7, Anat
Hendelman1,2, Hagai Shohat1, Blaine
Fitzgerald1,2, Gina M. Robitaille1,2, Yumi
Green8, Kerry Swartwood8, Michael
J. Passalacqua7, Edeline Gagnon9,10,
Rebecca Hilgenhof10, Trevis D. Huggins11,
Georgia C. Eizenga11, Amit Gur12,
Twan Rutten13, Nils Stein13,14, Shengrui
Yao15,16, Clement Bellot17, Mohammed
Bendahmane17, Amy Frary18, Sandra
Knapp19, Tiina Särkinen10, Jesse Gillis1,20,
Joyce Van Eck8,21, Michael C. Schatz4,5,
Yuval Eshed22, Jaime Prohens3, SantiagoVilanova3, Zachary B. Lippman1,2,7

An enduring question in evolutionary biology
concerns the degree to which episodes of convergent trait evolution depend on the same genetic programs, particularly over long timescales.
Here we genetically dissected repeated origins
and losses of prickles, sharp epidermal projections, that convergently evolved in numerous
plant lineages. Mutations in a cytokinin hormone
biosynthetic gene caused at least 16 independent
losses of prickles in eggplants and wild relatives
in the genus Solanum. Strikingly, homologs promote prickle formation across angiosperms thatcollectively diverged over 150 million years ago.
By developing new Solanum genetic systems, weleveraged this discovery to eliminate prickles in awild species and an indigenously foraged berry.
Our findings implicate a shared hormone-activation genetic program underlying evolutionarily widespread and recurrent instances of plantmorphological innovation.

1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, USA. 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, USA.
3 Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica deValència, Valencia, Spain. 4 Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,
USA. 5 Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. 6 French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions,
Toulouse, France. 7 School of Biological Sciences,
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor,
USA. 8 Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York,USA. 9 Department of Integrative Biology, Universityof Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 10 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 11 USDA-ARS, Dale
Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart,
USA. 12 Department of Vegetable Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar ResearchCenter, Ramat Yishay, Israel. 13 Leibniz Institute of
Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany. 14 Crop Plant Genetics, Martin Luther248

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S.057. EVOLUTION OF PLANT SEXUALREPRODUCTION
P.0463 Assessing fire regime
effects on floral resourcesin Brazilian highland
grasslands (Campo
Rupestre)
Gudryan J. Baronio1,2; Vânia R. Pivello1
1 Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (IB-USP), São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Evolutionary Fire Ecology Lab, Centro deInvestigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
Understanding the impacts of fire on floral resources
is crucial for effective ecosystems’ conservation andmanagement. Our study aimed to assess the effectsof fire on the quantity of floral resources in a Brazilian Campo Rupestre (Minas Gerais state) according
to different burning regimes. We hypothesized thatfire and post-fire vegetation regrowth would affectphenological patterns among plant communities,
leading to increased floral resource availability in
post-fire flowering events. From August 2021 to July
2022, we quantified bi-monthly the numbers of open
flowers per plant and flowering individuals of twelve
plant species, in plots burned in both the early andlate dry seasons (respectively in May and September of 2019). These flowers provide a source of income for locals, who use them in handicrafts. We
found significant variations in floral resource availability across different burning regimes, with latefire plots showing higher post-fire floral resource
abundance. In October 2021, Vellozia flowers weremore abundant in late-burned plots compared tothe early-burned ones, while Comanthera aciphylla showed higher flower abundance in late-burned
areas in February 2022, indicating enhanced vegetation regrowth. Responses to fire varied among
the studied species: Xyris species showed variable
effects across species and months, Vellozia species
exhibited different responses between burned andunburned plots, and the number of Comanthera
species individuals correlated with burn timing.
Overall, the late burning regime showed a positiveeffect on individual abundance across the studied
plant genera, while the main effect of fire treatment(burned vs. unburned) was not significant. Estab-lishing a late fire regime could mitigate reductionsin floral resources and enhance plant reproductive
success in the Campo Rupestre. This highlights theimportance of carefully managing fire regimes tomaintain ecosystem resilience.

P.0464 Plastid
phylogenomic insights into
the evolution of floral oilproducing species among
Tigridieae (Iridaceae:
Iridoideae)
Timothée Bastide1, Xavier Aubriot1 Olivier
Chauveau1
1 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech,IDEEV, Écologie Systématique et Évolution, Gif sur
Yvette, France.
Floral oils are the third type of reward collected bypollinators in Iridaceae, besides pollen and nectar. Among species of Tigridieae (Iridoideae), thisuncommon pollination resource is secreted bytrichomal glandular structures, called elaiophores.
Previous studies suggested that elaiophores may
have played a significant role in the diversificationof Iridaceae, especially in the American tribe of Tigridieae where they evolved several times independently. Phylogenies of Tigridieae published todate have shown that three major Tigridieae genera(i.e., Calydorea, Cypella, Herbertia) are probably notmonophyletic, but various crucial nodes were weakly supported. Therefore, the current study aimed toprovide a deeper comprehensive understanding of
the phylogenetic relationships in this clade and theresulting framework was used to infer the evolutionary history of elaiophores. Mainly based on new genomic data, we performed the first comprehensive
phylogenomic analysis of Cypella and closely allied
genera from an expanded set of specimens. The
phylogenetic analyses were conducted with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods.
Ancestral states inference methods were applied
to trace the evolutionary history of floral secretory
structures. With strongly supported nodes, the phy-249

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logeny obtained is consistent with previous studies
and confirmed that the three genera Cypella, Calydorea and Herbertia are clearly not monophyletic.
This result suggested that the floral characters used
so far to define genera of Tigridieae are probably
homoplastic. Then, a taxonomical revision of Cypellaand closely allied genera is necessary. The reconstruction of the evolutionary history of floral glandular structures in this robust phylogenetic context has
also shed light on how they evolved within this cladeof Tigridieae.

P.0465 Floral ontogenyof a cryptically dioecious
Protium heptaphyllum(Burseraceae)
Silva, Débora C.1, Paulino, Juliana V.2,
Sakuragui, Cássia M. 2
1 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do Rio Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, commonly known as “breu branco” or “amescla,” occurs in
the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes in Brazil. The
genus Protium exhibits intriguing floral characteristics, such as merism lability and cryptic dioecy,
with non-functional organs ranging from reduced
to vestigial. In this context, P. heptaphyllum stands
out with nectariferous, honey-bearing, tetramerous,
cryptically dioecious, and yellow flowers. The pistillate flowers have staminodes below the height ofthe pistil, while the staminate flowers exhibit the pistillode below the height of the stamens. Hence, theobjective of this study is to elucidate floral development, with a particular focus on the ontogenetic pathways leading to staminate flower development in P. heptaphyllum. For that, flowers and floral
buds at various developmental stages were collected and fixed in FAA70 and prepared for observation under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The inflorescence emerges from the axil of a bract.
The whorls develop in acropetal order in the floral
meristem, following this sequence: primordia of sepals, petals, antesepalous stamens, antepetalous
stamens, and the carpel primordia at the center ofthe floral apex. During the intermediate developmental stage, the petals elongate, surpassing the
sepals, assuming the role of protective whorl for the
reproductive organs. Papillae are formed in the petals’ apical region of the petals, intertwining to aid incorolla closure. Following anther differentiation, thefilaments of antesepalous stamens elongate, followed by the elongation of antepetalous ones. With
the elongation, the androecium surpasses the pistillode in height, which remains with the carpel clefts
open, showing little differentiation of style and stigma. These preliminary findings are significant, andfurther exploration promises a more comprehensive
understanding of complex floral structures, including dioecy, which can influence pollination processes within the group. Advancements in research outcomes will facilitate robust ontogenetic inferences,enriching our understanding of floral evolution in thegenus Protium.

P.0466 Unravelling
evolutionary history of
Cypella and closely allied
genera of Tigridieae(Iridaceae: Iridoideae) witha focus on floral resources
Julia Gabriele Dani1, Verônica Thode1,
Olivier Chauveau2, Tatiana Teixeira deSouza Chies1
1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil. 2
Unité Écologie, Systématique et Évolution Université
Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Floral resources play an important role in the diversification of the family Iridaceae. Predominantly
composed of South American species, the genus
Cypella and closely allied genera of the tribe Tigridieae offer diverse floral resources, including floral
oil. Floral oil, a specialized reward, typically secreted
by glandular trichomes known as elaiophores. This
attribute, present in various genera, may have had asignificant effect on evolutionary processes. We aim
to test elaiophore presence’s link to diversification
rate shifts among lineages. To achieve this aim, wereconstructed a well-sampled dated phylogenetic
tree and diversification analyses were undertaken.
Nine DNA sequence regions, three nuclear (ITS, rpb2
and At103) and six plastidial (trnH-psbA, trnQ-rps16,
matK, rbcL, rps4 and rps4-trn-S), were used. Sampling includes new sequences for 32 species and 29
other sequences were obtained from NCBI representing 61 taxa (seven outgroups). Alignments werein MAFFT 7 with manual adjustments. To estimate
divergence times, a relaxed Bayesian clock with250

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secondary calibrations was used. For phylogenetic
inference and divergence time estimation we used
BEAST 2.6 with the stationarity checked in Tracer 1.7.
Analysis of diversification is still in progress. Our preliminary results showed a well-supported dating
tree (branches value (1)) with six main clades. Highlevels of species diversity are related to recent origin(Pliocene–Pleistocene). During the Miocene, floral-oil
taxa grouped into two clades, one exclusively withsuch taxa and another including species lacking
oil-flowers. In other clades, most taxa lack floral oil,with isolated cases suggesting evolutionary reversions throughout the group’s history. Biogeographic patterns were observed, with groupings of SouthAmerican species. Some genera, like Calydorea,
were not monophyletic even with the comprehensive sampling used. This result aligns with previous
studies and suggests that Cypella and closely allied
genera require taxonomic revision.

P.0467 Phylogenetic positionand sex expression of thefirst known Neotropical
Monimiaceae paradioecious
species
Elton J. de Lírio 1,3, Heloisa Alves de Lima 2,
Ariane Luna Peixoto 3, Marc Pignal 4, Vitor
Hugo dos Santos Gomes Maia 5, Gabriel
Silva Santos 6, Cassia Mônica Sakuragui
2,3

1 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil. 3 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim
Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris,
France. 5 Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil. 6 Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Monimiaceae encompasses three subfamilies: thefirst diverging lineage, Monimioideae (dioecious spp.),is the sister group of Hortonioideae (hermaphrodite)and Mollinedioieae (dioecious, monoecious, and gynodioecious spp.). Mollinedia (tribe Mollinedieae,
Mollinedioieae) is a Neotropical genus with ca. 60 dioecious species. Although, some specimens of Mollinedia sphaerantha Perkins from the Espírito Santostate, Brazil, caught our attention due to the presenceof pistillate and staminate flowers in the same individual (cosexuality). This rarity led us to investigate its frequency in fieldwork during three flowering seasons (n=58). We also positioned the species in a phylogenetic
tree using ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2, psbA-trnH, trnL intron, andtrnL-trnF through Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses. The ingroup included
13 species of the Neotropical Mollinedieae clade, andthe outgroup was based on Renner et al. (2010). The
studied subpopulation revealed 21% of cosexuality,
even within a single flowering season. Across the threeseasons, 46.5% presented only staminate flowers,
22.4% only pistillate, and 17.2% were exclusively cosexual. During the three observed blooms, M. sphaeranthapresented 62 unisexual events and 16 cosexual events
leading to its categorization as paradioecious due
to sex inconstancy. In the BI, M. sphaerantha was recovered among other Neotropical Mollinedieae species in a polytomy with Mollinedia uleana Perkins andMollinedia glabra (Spreng.) Perkins, both from Brazil. In
ML, the species is the sister group of Mollinedia uleana
Perkins, and this clade is a sister group of M. glabra. The
present study raises new questions about the sexual
system pathways in Monimiaceae.
References: Renner SS, Strijk JS, Strasberg D, Thébaud C. 2010. Biogeography of the Monimiaceae(Laurales): A role for East Gondwana and long distance dispersal, but not West Gondwana. Journal of
Biogeography 37: 1227–1238.

P.0468 Influence of the
herkogamy in the breeding
system in two subspeciesof Centaurium quadrifolium(L.) G.López & C.E.Jarvis
Zoila Díaz Lifante1, Vania Jiménez Lobato2,
Cristina Andrés Camacho1, Alejandra deCastro1, Marta Franco1, Juan Arroyo1
1 University of Seville, Seville, Spain. 2 Autonomous
University of Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico.
The reproductive biology of the Iberian endemic Centaurium quadrifolium (Gentianaceae) is investigatedfor subsp. quadrifolium and subsp. barrelieri. The effect of the pollen kind, self or cross pollen, on the degree of fertilization was analyzed through experimental crosses in plants collected in natural populations,grown in a greenhouse. A very low seed set was foundafter self-pollinations, pointing out a self-incompatible breeding system. The degree of floral herkogamy
and its evolution throughout the flower life-span was
analyzed through a morphometric analysis of several morphological traits (corolla, androecium and251

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style-stigma set) in the natural populations, finding
traits of high diagnostic value. Likewise, the analysis of
the difference in floral traits between the two groupsof plants, pre-assigned in the field as morphotypes“with herkogamy” and “without herkogamy”, demonstrated that herkogamy is stronger in subsp. barrelieri
than in subsp. quadrifolium, whereas in this last scarcemorphological differentiation was found between
both morphotypes. The analysis of the effect of herkogamy on the degree of fertilization in the naturalenvironment in both subspecies indicates that open
cross-pollination is more effective when there is herkogamy. The subsp. quadrifolium achieved higher fertilization rates than subsp. barrelieri. On the other hand,
the high variation found in fruiting within individuals inboth subspecies seems to indicate that the influenceof herkogamy on pollen limitation, the reproductive
guarantee and the pollinator failure are not very relevant. The results obtained in natural conditions confirm those obtained in the greenhouse in terms of therates obtained for each fertilization treatment, as wellas the existence of a strong degree of self-incompatibility and the need for an animal pollinator vector forsexual reproduction. There are clear differences between both subspecies, being found in subsp. barrelieri a greater dependence on the pollinator for fertilization than in subsp. quadrifolium.

P.0469 Different postpollination response toheterospecific pollen
among populations and thecontribution of female andmale functions

native weed in Japan in sympatric population with thealien O. dillenii, limits the effects of HP on conspecificmating. Conspecific and heterospecific pollinations
were performed on O. corniculata from two population types (sympatric and allopatric populations), andthe result revealed consistently lower seed productionin heterospecific pollination across population types.
However, the significant interaction effect between
pollination treatment and population type indicatesthat female function more in sympatric populations
than in allopatric populations to effectively suppressed hybrid seed formation. Mixed pollination using
both conspecific and heterospecific pollen grains was
also performed to assess the effects of HP on conspecific seed production. Contrary to our hypothesis,
conspecific seed production decreased in the mixed
pollination compared to the conspecific pollination in
two of the three sympatric populations; on the contrary, HP did not affect the conspecific seed production in allopatric populations. These trends were consistent even in another mixed pollination experiments
using the CP source of a population type different fromthe maternal origin. Thus, individuals in allopatric populations are tolerant to HP, and female function may
play a crucial role in this HP tolerance. We are currently conducting experiments on pollen tube elongation
to investigate how HP affects conspecific mating andinvestigating the ecological significance of reduced
conspecific seed production by HP in sympatric populations compared to allopatric population.

P.0470 Evolution anddiversification of the NADPH
oxidase family in plants
Julian Ingelfinger1, Lisa Zander2, Finja A.
Bohle1,2, Andreas J. Meyer2, Stefanie J.
Müller-Schüssele1

Yusuke Hoshino1, Sachiko Horie1, Masayuki
Maki1, Ikumi Dohzono2

1 Department of Biology, Molecular Botany, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany. 2 INRES Chemical Signalling, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

1 Botanical Gardens, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan.
Heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition can negatively
affect plant reproduction by usurping ovules and interfering with conspecific pollen (CP) germination and
CP tube growth. It has been reported that a history ofcoexistence with congeners may favor selection forhigh tolerance to negative HP effects. However, it is notwell understood whether male gametophyte (pollen)or female sporophyte (stigma and pistil) plays a critical role in mitigating the negative effects of HP. Hence,
we tested whether Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae), a

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signallingare evolutionary old and likely predated the origin ofland plants. To specifically produce superoxide, plants
possess enzymes of the NADPH-oxidase family, the respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOH). RBOHs aretransmembrane enzymes that transfer electrons from
NADPH across the plasma membrane to oxygen, producing superoxide in the apoplast. Apoplastic ROS areimportant for plant development, sexual reproduction252

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as well as stress responses. During land plant evolution
the RBOH family evolved several isoforms with neo- andsub-functionalisation. However, it is yet unknown which
RBOH-dependent ROS functions are ancestral. We investigate the role of the four RBOH isoforms of the model moss Physcomitrium patens. To monitor the balance
between ROS generation and detoxification in vivo, we
use redox sensitive GFP-based biosensors (roGFP2).

P.0471 Herkogamy, a
key factor in mating
system of Centaurium(Gentianaceae) species
Vania Jiménez Lobato1, Marcial Escudero2,
Alejandra de Castro2, Zoila Díaz Lifante2,
Cristina Andrés Camacho2, Alegría
Montero Ramírez2, Juan Arroyo2
1 Autonomous University of Guerrero-LANASE-CONAHCYT, Guerrero, Mexico. 2 University of Seville,
Seville, Spain.
In plants, mating system can vary within and among
populations and species. Herkogamy, the separation
between anthers and stigma within flowers, is one of
the factors that may affect mating system preventing
or promoting the capacity of self-fertilization of individuals and interfering the outcrossing capacity. Higher
herkogamy is expected to be selected in those places
where a proper pollinator activity for plant reproduction occurs. Hence, herkogamy is generally associated with high outcrossing rates, while its absence may
generate high selfing rates of individuals. In heterogeneous pollinator environments, herkogamous andnon-herkogamous individuals may coexist and be
selected in different years, generating mixed mating
systems in populations. We investigated if these patterns occur within natural populations of three speciesof Centaurium, a genus presenting lateral herkogamythat decrease at the end of the flower´s lifespan. We
characterized 15 herkogamous and 15 non-herkogamous individuals within one population of each species and associated them with outcrossing rates obtained by microsatellite markers. Further, we registeredpollinator visitation rates in each group of individuals.
We find that in C. triphyllum, natural selection has notfavored any level of herkogamy within the population,
which was associated, as expected, with high selfing
rates and poor pollinator visitors. In contrast, in C. barrelieri and C. boissieri, both with variation in herkogamy
levels, show variable and high outcrossing rates asso-

ciated with high pollinators visits. These results suggestthat herkogamy play a key factor in determining mating system in all three species of Centaurium, mainlyin C. barrelieri and C. boissieri during the first days offlower life, when pollinators can promote cross pollination and outcrossing. However, when pollinators areabundant, it seems that the role of herkogamy is not
so relevant as other traits associated to attraction topollinators could be more critical.

P.0472 Chronologicaltranscriptome reveals
the common program forgynoecium development in
eudicots
Doudou Kong1, Le-Han Nguyen1, Annette
Becker1
1 Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-Universität
Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
The growth and development of gynoecium are crucial components of the reproductive process in flowering plants. The diversity of gynoecium and floral architecture among different plant species is a significant
aspect of plant evolution. Although many of the regulatory genes involved in gynoecium have been characterized, we know little about the changes in GRNs thatare involved in the dynamic development of gynoecium at high resolution. California poppy (Eschscholzia californica), a member of Ranunculales, which isa sister lineage to all other eudicots. Here, we present
high-resolution profiles of a range of expression dynamics from the floral meristem (FM) to the gynoeciumin California poppy obtained by laser microdissection
and analyzed a large set of regulatory factors by gene
co-expression clustering. This includes, but is not limited to, YABBYs, MADS transcription factors, and ARFs thatare differentially expressed at early and late stages ofmorphogenesis, and some of them have been shown
to play important roles in floral meristem determinacy,such as EscaLFY. We further compared the dynamic transcriptome clustering of gynoecium in California
poppy (dried dehiscent fruits) with Arabidopsis (dried
dehiscent fruits) and tomato (fleshy fruits). We characterized the expression trends of a range of homeotic
genes during gynoecium development and described
the conservation of GRNs in fruit morphogenesis after
127 Mya of independent evolution.

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P.0473 Trade-offs insex allocation revealedby transitions between
combined and separate
sexes under experimental
evolution
Ehouarn Le Faou1, John R. Pannell1
1 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of
Lausanne, Switzerland.
Theory for the evolution of sex allocation predicts theconditions under which sexual systems are stable orsubject to change. This theory is based on the fundamental assumption of antagonistic expressionof male and female functions (a trade-off) and theheritability of sex allocation. However, quantifying
the phenotypic or genetic trade-offs between maleand female functions has proved difficult. Here, weoutline our strategy for analysing the evolution ofsex allocation by the plant Mercurialis annua understrong selection for a transition from dioecy to monoecy. Our results demonstrate a clear linear tradeoff between male and female functions, the shapeof which is constant from one generation to the next,
so that it is possible estimate sex allocation by calibration one sex on the the other. We highlight theutility of a quantitative genetic approach to expose(1) the antagonism of sexual functions through theirstrong negative additive genetic correlation and (2)the high heritability of sex allocation in the M. annua
population studied. Our study paves the way for ananalysis of the link between allocation and reproductive success - the key link required to test predictions of theories of sex allocation.

P.0474 Implication of the
population epigenomic
diversity on the adaptationof a plant clonal species

methylation, have emerged as a key mechanism
enabling plants to quickly adapt to environmental
changes by generating locally adapted phenotypes.
These phenotypic changes can be even inheritedacross multiple generations, thus potentially becoming targets of natural selection. However, whether natural selection can act on these epialleles has hardly
been tested directly. Addressing this knowledge gap is
crucial as population survival may heavily rely on DNA
methylation, especially in populations with restricted
genetic diversity, such as within clonal plant species.
We compared the genomic and epigenomic diversity from seven natural populations of four individualsof the clonal species woodland strawberry (Fragaria
vesca). We distinguised the epigenomse on the three
methylation contexts (CG, CHG, CHH). Specifically, weinvestigated the effect of the wide altitudinal range on
the diversity of these epigenomes and of the genome.
Moreover, we studied the heritability of the epigenetic
diversity across clonal generation in new environment
in low altitude. Our analyses found a wide intra- andinterpopulation epigenetic diversity despite a considerably low genetic diversity. We identified heritable
epialleles exhibiting signs of positive selection associated with altitude in the CG, CHG and CHH contexts.
Interestingly, some of these epialleles were independent of genetic variation, suggesting they may havearisen stochastically or in response to environmental
variation. These findings hint at the role of epigenetic
variation in facilitating rapid adaptation to varying environment in the face of reduced genetic diversity, as
in clonal species.

P.0475 The genetic basisof the evolution of selfcompatibility in wild Petunia
axillaris
Hiromu Nakao1, Syo Ikeyatsu1, Kazuho
Isono1, Yu Okamura1, Ken-Ichi Kubo2,
Sota Fujii3, Kenta Shirasawa4, Hitoshi
Watanabe5, Koichi Uehara6, Takashi
Tsuchimatsu1

Le Veve Audrey1, Sammarco Iris1, LafonPlacette Clément1
1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Climate change poses a significant threat to plant
species, potentially pushing them beyond their adaptive capacities. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA

254

1 School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
Japan. 2 Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science andTechnology, Shiga, Japan. 3 School of Agriculturaland Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
Japan. 4 Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba,
Japan. 5 Center for Environment, Health and Field
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba Japan. 6 College of Liberal Arts and Science, Chiba University,
Chiba, Japan.

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The evolutionary transitions from obligate outcrossing to predominant selfing through the loss of self-incompatibility (SI) have been considered one of themost prevalent events in angiosperms. Althoughselfing often leads to inbreeding depression, selfing can also be advantageous due to the inherent
transmission advantage and reproductive assurance. The genetic basis of loss of SI and the evolution of selfing have been a major focus of plant evolutionary biology for decades. The S-RNase-based
gametophytic SI system is widely reported acrossangiosperms, including Solanaceae, Rosaceae, andRubiaceae. This system consists of the female specificity gene encoding the S-ribonuclease (S-RNase)and tandemly duplicated multiple male specificity
S-locus F-box genes (SLFs), which are tightly linked
at the S-locus. In the SI system of Solanaceae, the‘collaborative non-self-recognition’ model has been
proposed, which postulates that SLFs are involved in
specific recognitions and degradations of non-self
S-RNase protein leading to successful outcrossing.
To investigate how predominant selfing evolved under this SI system, we focused on wild strains of Petunia axillaris, where both self-compatible (SC) andself-incompatible (SI) populations have been reported. We have identified notable genetic changes
between SC and SI strains through the integrationof population genomics, crossing experiments andwhole genome sequencing analyses, and discuss
how selfing populations originated.

P.0476 The maintenanceof females, males andhermaphrodites in
metapopulations
Mai Thu Nguyen1, John R. Pannell1
1 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of
Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
The co-existence of females, males and hermaphroditism (trioecy) is rare in both plants andanimals, and the few cases that do exist are poorly
understood. A previous model showed that trioecy can be stable following the invasion of a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) mutation in a large
population of males and hermaphrodites, but only
under restricted conditions. Here, I present the results of stochastic computer simulations to ask
whether the additional selective forces in a metapopulation in which colonization balances extinction (the advantage of colonization to self-fertile

hermaphrodites and frequency-dependent selection on sex allocation within populations) canfurther help to explain the maintenance of trioecy.
Results indicate that the conditions for the maintenance of trioecy are further restricted by population turnover in a metapopulation, but they depend on several acting parameters, particularly
the number of founders. I will discuss the results ofthe model with reference to what is known about
trioecy in a well-studied plant metapopulation.

P.0477 Reproductive
interference between
a periodical massflowering plant and anannual-flowering plant ofStrobilanthes
Sachiko Nishida1, Akiyo Naiki2, Satoshi
Kakishima3
1 Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. 2 University of
the Ryukyu, Yaeyama, Japan. 3 Showa University,
Fujiyoshida, Japan.
Reproductive interference, an interspecific interaction associated with mating systems that adversely affects the fitness of the recipient species,
has an aspect of positive frequency dependence
and exerts stronger effects when the recipient is in
the minority. To clarify how this aspect is involvedin a mass-flowering phenomenon, we studied theinteraction between two species of Strobilanthes.
Strobilanthes flexicaulis is a monocarpic perennial plant with mass-flowering on Okinawa Island,
Japan, whereas in other regions it is polycarpic
or monocarpic with no mass-flowering. A closely related species, S. tashiroi, is a polycarpic perennial with annual-flowering and co-occurs with
S. flexicaulis only on Okinawa Island. We hypothesized that mass-flowering would increase thefrequency of S. flexicaulis flowers and reduce thenegative effects of reproductive interference fromS. tashiroi. To test this hypothesis, we carried out
artificial pollination between the two species andexamined the negative effect of counterpart species pollen on the seed set of the focal species.
The results showed that the negative effect ofcounterpart species pollen was sometimes recognized in S. flexicaulis, depending on the population and year, whereas it was always recognized in
S. tashiroi. These results suggest that reproductive255

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interference is bidirectional, but stronger from S.
flexicaulis to S. tashiroi than vice versa. It is likelythat reproductive interference from S. tashiroi is
only partly responsible for the mass-flowering of S.
flexicaulis, whereas reproductive interference from
S. flexicaulis was enhanced by the mass-flowering
phenomenon and reduced S. tashiroi offspring in
the regions where the two species were co-occuring.

P.0478 Evolutionary trends
in Croton flowers: reduced
petals become colletersin Croton splendidus(Euphorbiaceae)
Narah C. Vitarelli1, Anna Luiza P. Lima1,
Mariana de O. Miquilini1, Maria Eduarda
G. Heleno1, José Danizete B. Miranda2,
Renata M. S. A. Meira2, Ricarda Riina3
1 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Departamento de
Educação e Ciências, Núcleo de Biologia, Campus
Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal,
Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Brazil. 3 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC,
Madrid, Spain.
The presence of petals is generally an uncommon
character in the Euphorbiaceae. Croton (~1,300
spp.) bears unisexual flowers, with staminate flowers having a complete whorl and most pistillate
flowers lacking or having reduced petals. Understanding petal development in Croton pistillate
flowers is still an open question. The genus is rich insecretory structures, but these have mostly beenstudied in vegetative organs. Here we present ananatomical study of Croton splendidus, a species
with reduced petals in pistillate flowers, by analyzing floral buds in different stages of development
and anthesis. We use light and scanning electron
microscopy. We provide a detailed anatomical description of pistillate flowers and highlight that thisspecies presents 5 reduced and unequal petals,
showing strong different morphologies. At least 2
petals are even more reduced and developed as
specialized secretory structures, presenting a colleter in the apex. Standard colleters type remainfunctional from flower to unripe fruit. The secretion
is produced by the palisade epidermal cells andexcreted into the subcuticular space culminatingin the rupture of the cuticle and subsequent of theexudation. Previous studies have used the term filamentous structure to name such colleters, which
has led to misinterpretations. We suggest avoiding this term and giving a useful name to this floral
whorl. In the case of C. splendidus it corresponds
to a reduced petal with an apical colleter. We hypothesize that C. splendidus petals have a tepalar
origin, since the flower bud bracts, sepals andpetals show a very similar anatomical structure.
This similarity is maintained in petals and bractsof pistillate flowers until anthesis, while sepals become more conspicuous during development andduring anthesis showing an anatomical structurethat resembles the leaf anatomy.

P.0479 A genetic basis ofBaker’s law: lessons fromself-compatible Lycium
sandwicense (Solanaceae)
in Japanese oceanic islands
Hidenori Sassa 1, Kota Ikebe1, Koichiro
Ushijima2, Mai Minamikawa1, 3
1 Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University,
Matsudo, Japan. 2 Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. 3 Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Diversity in reproductive strategies, such as selfing
or out-crossing, is associated with the evolutionary history of the species. Environmental changes promote the shifting of mating systems. Diploid species of Lycium (Solanaceae) are generally
self-incompatible (SI) while L. sandwicense, which
is distributed in oceanic islands and is thought tobe colonized after long-distance dispersal frommainland America, exhibits self-compatibility (SC).
This is in agreement with Baker’s law which suggests that successful colonization after long-distance dispersal is often associated with uniparental reproduction, however, little is known about
the genetic mechanisms underlying the shift fromout-crossing to selfing. We analyzed the cause of
SC of L. sandwicense in Japanese oceanic islands;
Ogasawara Islands, Kitadaito Island and Minamidaito Island. Full length cDNAs for the S-RNases wereisolated by RACE. Sequence analysis suggested
that they encode functional S-RNase proteins, andall the analyzed plants exhibit almost the same S
genotype except for a SNP. Further genetic and256

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genomic analyses showed that mutation of the S
locus that would affect the pollen-part SI function
would be the cause of SC of L. sandwicense, representing a genetic basis of Baker’s law.

P.0480 Establishing
CRISPR-Cas9-mediatedmutagenesis for
Ceratopteris richardii toinvestigate the role of
MADS-box genes in ferns

P.0481 Elucidation of the
reproductive isolation
mechanism of bryophytes
through the artificial
fertilization experiments
Masaki Shimamura1, Yuka Ishii1
1 Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life,
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Robin Schulz1, Günter Theißen1
1 Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
The origin of the seed habit is one of the major
events in plant evolution as it allowed sexual reproduction in the absence of external free water.
Hence, seeds allow plants to colonize habitatsthat are not accessible for plants reproducing by
spores. The genetic basis for the origin of the seed,
however, is largely unknown. Recently, there havebeen great technological advances and newly
sparked scientific interests in the developmental
genetics of the closest relatives of seed plants,
ferns and their allies. This has led to the publication of multiple fully sequenced genomes of ferns,
including Ceratopteris richardii, and the development of transformation protocols. This will potentially allow comparison of the genetic programsof spore development in ferns and seed development in seed plants to elucidate the genetic basis
for the origin of the seed habit. Here, we show theestablishment of a transgenic line of C. richardii
that expresses the endonuclease Cas9. Cas9 is expressed under a strong constitutive promoter. Thisline can further be transformed with vectors expressing a single guide RNA for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of C. richardii. The first application would be to characterize knock-out plantsof close relatives of those MIKCC-type MADS-box
genes which are known to control seed development in flowering plants to reveal more about
their function in non-seed plants. Our line allows
easy-to-use, flexible, and fast gene editing of C.
richardii for future experiments, whether it would
be single mutation or multiplexing.

Although closely related species of bryophytes often
grow sympatrically and have overlapping periods ofsexual reproduction season, there is no detailed cellbiological information on the mechanisms of reproductive isolation between these species. In order
to elucidate the basic mechanism of reproductive
isolation that exists between the different speciesof bryophytes, we conducted artificial crossing experiments between the closely related dioecious liverworts, Marchantia polymorpha and M. paleacea.
Although hybrid sporophytes were not formed between these species, it was clarified that the sperms
are also attracted to archegonia of another species
and enter the interior of archegonia. The crossing
experiments between M. polymorpha males and M.
paleacea females even showed sperm penetration into the egg cell. However, karyogamy between
sperm and egg nuclei occurred only between thesame species. These findings suggest that there is
no strong pre-fertilization isolation mechanism between the two species and post-fertilization isolation, which causes abnormalities in karyogamy andsporophyte development, plays an important role in
reproductive isolation.

P.0482 The allelic diversityof the self-incompatibility
gene across natural
populations of Petunia

257

Takashi Tsuchimatsu1, Kazuho Isono1,
Taiga Maenosono1, Takanori Kuronuma2,Miho Hatai1, Kaori Chimura1, Ken-ichi
Kubo3, Hitoshi Watanabe2, Koichi Uehara4
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
Japan. 2 Center for Environment, Health and Field
Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. 3 Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology,

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Nagahama, Japan. 4 College of Liberal Arts andSciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
In flowering plants, diverse molecular mechanismsof self-incompatibility (SI) systems evolved multiple times to avoid inbreeding (selfing) and promote
outcrossing. SI systems generally consist of maleand female specificity genes at the S-locus andother genes involved in signalling pathways. The
male and female specificity genes are usually linked
tightly at the S-locus, in which dozens of S-alleles
are segregating. The S-RNase-based gametophytic SI system is widely reported in flowering plants,
including Solanaceae and Rosaceae. This system
consists of the female specificity gene encoding
the S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) and tandemly duplicated multiple male specificity S-locus F-box genes(SLFs). In the SI system of Solanaceae, the ‘collaborative non-self-recognition’ model has been proposed, postulating that SLFs are involved in specificrecognitions and degradations of non-self S-RNase
protein, resulting in successful outcrossing. To comprehensively understand the pattern of polymorphism at the S-locus in wild populations, we focusedon self-incompatible Petunia species. An RNA-seqbased large-scale genotyping of S-RNase using thelong-read sequencer revealed the allelic diversityof S-alleles, shared polymorphism between populations as well as species, and signatures of positive
selection at hypervariable regions of S-RNase. We
discuss how S-allele specificities are differentiatedin the presence of an extensive population structure.

P.0483 Revealing themixed-mating mechanismin the wild: modulation ofselfing rates by the durationof stamen-pistil contact.

populations where the self-fertilization rate fluctuates in response to pollinator visit frequency, but themechanism by which populations adjust this rate remains unclear. Veronica undulata, a native of Japan,
is an emergent aquatic plant found in rivers, waterways, and paddy fields, often visited by hoverflies. It
frequently coexists with Veronica anagallis-aquatica,
which originates from Europe to Asia, grows larger,
and hybridizes with it, raising concerns about ecological competition and genetic disruption. In this study,
we focus on environmental factors such as pollinatorvisitation frequency and alien species presence. We
examine how floral phenology changes with selfing
rates by quantifying stamen-pistil contact time, average seed number per fruit, and seed number variability. As a result, in populations with high pollinatorvisitation frequencies, stamen-pistil contact time wasshorter, leading to larger seed number variability per
fruit and decreased average seed number. Conversely, in populations with low visitation frequencies, contact time was slightly longer, with smaller seed number
variability and slightly higher average seed number
compared to high visitation populations. However, in
populations coexisting with alien species, stamen-pistil contact persisted throughout flowering, resulting insmaller seed number variability per fruit and the highest average seed number among the three populations. From the above findings, populations with lower
visitation frequencies and those coexisting with alien
species show longer stamen-pistil contact times andhigher self-fertilization rates. This suggests that natural
selection may influence the selfing rate by affecting
stamen-pistil contact duration.

P.0484 Always on the safe
side: integrated flower
roles in Fritillaria persica
inflorescences

Shizuka Tsuneki1, Nene Yamauchi1,Motoharu Hayase1, Makoto Nino1
Shunsuke Serizawa2
1 Natural Science Department, Aichi University of
Education, Japan. 2 Aichi Green Association, Japan.
Self-fertilization in angiosperm ensure reproductive
success, but may lead to inbreeding depression, while
outcrossing can enhance offspring quality but comeswith the cost of uncertainty regarding reproductive
success. Therefore, a mixed-mating system ensuresmore certain generation turnover, serving as a crucial
reproductive strategy. Several studies have reported

258

Katarzyna Roguz1, Barbara Płaskonka1,Paweł Pstrokoński2, Justyna Ryniewicz1,
Emilia Stasiak1, Yuval Sapir3, Magdalena
Chmur4, Andrzej Bajguz4, Marcin Zych1
1 Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of
Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 2 Department of Animal
Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. 3 The Botanical Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food
Security, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University,
Tel Aviv, Israel. 4 Department of Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.

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Flowers are specialized organs, linking several
features that work together for the plant reproductive success. This integration may be extended to the level of the inflorescence, where flowers serve distinct roles and increase reproductive
success in changing environments. In our study,
we explored the variability of flowers and theirroles within the inflorescence of Fritillaria persica
L. (Liliaceae), a geophyte native to the East Mediterranean region. Moreover, to better understandthe role played by spontaneous pollen deposition
we tracked pollen grain movements within one
inflorescence using quantum dots. Our findings

reveal that in F. persica, flower features and thearrangement of reproductive parts within the inflorescence may demonstrate integrated rolesat the inflorescence level, with bottom flowers
primarily serving the female reproductive function, middle flowers functioning as a reassurance
mechanism that facilitates spontaneous self-pollination, and top flowers performing the male reproductive role. Spontaneous pollen depositionon the stigma in F. persica may play a dual role. It
not only facilitates autogamy but also potentiallyaids in cross-pollination, increasing male function gain due to efficient pollen removal.

S.058. EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF PLANTS.
P.0485 Floral key innovationor environmental isolation?
Drivers of speciation in apair of Mediterranean sister
species of Linaria
Alejandro Alonso1, Sergio Bustamante1,
Xun Tang1, Roxana Ghergheluca2, David
Monjas2, Concepción Ornosa3, Eduardo
Moreno1, María Leo Montes2, Erin Cullen4,
Alberto J. Coello1,2, Virginia Valcárcel1,
Nagore G. Medina1, Beverley J. Glover4,
Mario Fernández-Mazuecos1,2,4
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 3 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
The Mediterranean Basin is a biodiversity hotspot
harbouring numerous plant lineages that haveundergone rapid in situ diversification. The Baetic Mountains, in the western Mediterranean, area particularly rich centre of plant diversification
associated with high topographic, climatic andedaphic heterogeneity. A plant lineage that hasradiated in this region is the tribe Antirrhineae(Plantaginaceae), and particularly the genus Linaria. Interestingly, this genus displays a floral key
innovation potentially driving diversification, thenectar spur. The pair of recently-diverged sister
species formed by L. becerrae and L. clementei, endemic to neighbouring areas of the Baetic
Mountains (Málaga, Spain), is an ideal system toinvestigate the interplay of factors driving plant
speciation. These species occur on calcareous
substrates and display a striking difference inspur length. They interbreed under nursery conditions, but this does not seem to happen in nature, most likely because of ecological isolating
factors, potentially including biotic interactions
and small-scale differences in climate and soil.
To disentangle the factors driving speciation andpopulation differentiation in this species pair,
we generated genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
data and investigated climatic and edaphic variables, accompanying plant communities
and pollinator interactions. The GBS analyses revealed strong genetic isolation between species
despite their geographical proximity (<5 km forthe closest population pair). According to pollinator censuses and discriminant analyses of
ecological variables, pollination interactions or
climatic differences alone do not seem to explain
this genetic pattern. Remarkably, both species inhabit edaphic islands on distinct calcareous lithologies: calcarenite for L. becerrae and marble
for L. clementei. We propose that these edaphic
differences have been a primary driver of speciation in these species, possibly in combination
with climatic and biotic factors. These results arecongruent with a major role of the edaphic factor as driver of plant diversification in the western
Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.

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P.0486 Block then sting:the two-step evolutionof defensive cagearchitectures in herbivoredriven ecosystems

how plants have developed contrasted architectures in response to different environmental constraints: Climatic constraints, particularly drought
and frost, have selected for specific morphologies
in the large genus Euphorbia. Conversely, in stable
tropical climates, the ecologically dominant family
Combretaceae exemplifies how specific structural
traits have evolved to defend against large mammal herbivores.

Artémis Anest1,2,3, Yanis BouchenakKhelladi4, Tristan Charles-Dominique3,5,
Félix Forest6, Yves Caraglio3, Gareth
P. Hempson7, Olivier Maurin6, Kyle W.
Tomlinson1,8
1 Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key
Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests
and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China. 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 3 AMAP,
Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France. 4 Agroécologie, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ.
Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRAE, Institut Agro,
Dijon, France. 5 Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Sorbonne University, Paris, France. 4
Place Jussieu, Paris, France. 6 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 7 Ecology& Environmental Change, School of Biodiversity,
One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University ofGlasgow, Glasgow, UK. 8 Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Yunnan, China.
Environmental factors vary across biomes worldwide, shaping different vegetation types. In response to the varied effects of these factors, plants
have evolved contrasted architectures adapted tothe most constraining factors for growth and survival. While the influence of plant structure on ecological performance is recognised, its role in plant
evolution remains relatively unexplored. Plant architecture, an integrative approach to describing
plant structure, contains valuable information forunderstanding the evolution of plant forms shapedby main environmental factors over time. My research aims to enhance our understanding of therelationship between plant form and environmental factors throughout the plant evolutionary history
by investigating the evolution of plant architecture
under diverse climatic constraints and disturbances. Here, I will present a framework that categorises
plant traits into distinct evolutionary groups. These
groups include: 1) developmental constraints, comprising traits that are useful for taxonomy; 2) convergences, focusing on traits related to ecology;
and 3) key confluences, which involve traits that are
valuable for studying evolutionary ecology. Using
this framework through two examples, I will illustrate

P.0487 Influence ofwarming rate on thermal
resistance and acclimation/
adaptation response in
freshwater phytoplankton
Elena Bañares-España1, Raquel Sánchez
de Pedro1, Ignacio José Melero Jiménez1,2,
Andreas Reul3, María Ángeles Viruel4,
Antonio Flores-Moya1, María Jesús
García-Sánchez1
1 Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Málaga, Spain. 2 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica
de Plantas UPM–INIA, Madrid, Spain. 3 Universidadde Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de
Ecología y Geología, Málaga, Spain. 4 Instituto de
Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La
Mayora, UMA-CSIC, Algarrobo-Costa, Spain.
Global warming is affecting the composition of freshwater phytoplankton communities because of thevarying capacities of species to adapt to increasing temperatures. Eco-evolutionary theory proposesthat the rate of environmental degradation influences the probability of evolutionary responses toselective pressures (Ferrière et al. 2004). Thus, might
different warming rates elicit distinct responses, including both adaptive and acclimation processes,
as well as an increase of the thermal resistance limits in freshwater phytoplankton? We compared thegrowth response of one strain of the colony forming
green microalga Chlorella chlorelloides (Naumann)
C.Bock, L.Krienitz & T.Pröschold and the flagellated
one Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Dang under
two different warming scenarios. A ratchet protocol
was used to test if different warming rates (slow, +2ºC, and rapid, +4 ºC) affect the ability of both species to survive over their initial limit of thermal resistance (LTR). After 5 months (128 generations for both
species), one of the four populations of C. chlorelloides exposed to slow warming was able to exceed its260

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initial LTR (33 ºC) after 46 generations, being able togrow at 35 ºC, but showing a lower photosynthetic
performance than its ancestral populations at control conditions (25ºC). However, at rapid warming,none of the C. chlorelloides populations surpassed
the initial LTR, as observed in C. reinhardtii regardlessof warming rate. Nevertheless, the derived populations of C. reinhardtii showed higher photosynthetic capacity at their initial LTR (37 ºC) compared tothe ancestral populations. A subsequent experimentsuggested that, although the LTR was not exceeded, some adaptive mechanisms are present in thispopulation. Meanwhile, survival under slow warmingat their LTR was related to acclimation processes.
Long-term evolution experiments could shed somelight on the issues raised by these results.
References: Ferrière R, Dieckmann U & Couvet D(eds). 2004. Evolutionary conservation biology.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

P.0488 Evolutionary history
and ecological divergenceof the Oncocyclus irises
species complex in theSouthern Levant

struct the phylogeographic history of the Royal Irises, and to decipher the spatial and ecological evolutionary relationships among populations of these
species.Overall we found concordance between thephylogeny and the accepted taxonomy. All analyses showed a clear divergence of I. bismarckiana
and all other Oncocyclus species. In most analyses
I. atropurpurea and I. mariae also formed a discretegroup from other species. Several other species,
defined previously by their morphology and distribution, are not distinguishable genetically. We showthat both geographical distance, as well as ecological parameters, are significantly associated withthe genetic relatedness, suggesting that both geographical distribution and local adaptation play arole in driving intraspecific divergence in these irises.

P.0489 Assessing theadaptive role of plasticity totemperature to cope withclimate change in Lemna
minor
Mario Blanco-Sánchez1, Koen J. F.
Verhoeven1
1 Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands
Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Yamit Bar-Lev1, Sissi Lozada-Gobilard1,2,
Aleena Xavier3, Lior Glick1, Itay Mayrose1,
Yuval Sapir1
1 Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 2 Lund University,
Lund, Sweden. 3 Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
Understanding how populations evolve and diverge
into species is of essential importance to evolutionary biology. Speciation is a continuous process andspecies can be found at different stages of divergence. Although speciation has long been the focus of evolutionary research, it was rarely studied in
species in the course of speciation, which may provide a more informative picture of divergence evolution. In this study, we focus on eight Israeli Oncocyclus Iris species, The Royal Irises, which are proposed
to be in an ongoing speciation process. These species are endemic or sub-endemic to Israel, in which
the populations are highly fragmented, and persist
along varied ecological environments. Our goal was
to find the role of geographical distribution and ecological divergence in the speciation process of thisevolutionary-young group. We used restriction-site
associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to recon-

Climate change is altering the patterns of temperature and precipitation worldwide, which compromises
the long-term persistence of plant populations. Under a climate change scenario, phenotypic plasticity
has been proposed as a crucial mechanism to copewith the higher climatic variability and unpredictability. However, understanding whether plasticity can
mitigate the negative effects of climate change isfar from resolved. Using the clonal duckweed species
Lemna minor, this project will use a multidisciplinary
approach to shed light on the adaptive value of within- and transgenerational plasticity under conditions
that simulate the changes in temperature patterns
led by climate change. Specifically, ~40 L. minor clonal
lines will be grown under two contrasting and realistic temperatures. Using RNA-seq, we will quantify gene
expression in each line and temperature, and identify differentially expressed genes. Additionally, we willmeasure relevant ecophysiological and fitness traits,
such as frond chemical composition and pigments,
frond and root areas, and photosynthetic traits. We willassess the adaptive value of plasticity in gene expression and traits using phenotypic selection analyses. To

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empirically confirm whether plasticity is adaptive, wewill use experimental evolution assays in which populations with highly- and lowly-plastic lines will evolve
under different ecologically-meaningful temperature
regimes. We expect a higher abundance of high-plasticity lines under heterogeneous temperature regimes,
confirming the adaptive value of plasticity. Finally, we
will evaluate the role of DNA methylation and transgenerational plasticity by exposing a single clone totwo contrasting temperatures for several months. Acclimated lineages will be reciprocally grown in thesetemperatures, and we will assess DNA methylation,
gene expression, and performance with and without
suppressing DNA methylation with zebularine. Overall,our project will enhance our understanding of the importance of intra- and transgenerational plasticity tocope with the increased temperature heterogeneity ofclimate change.

a worldwide distributed plant clade. This family isa well-suited candidate for this purpose given its
relatively modest size, which allows a satisfactory
coverage of species. It expresses a large diversity ofgrowth forms and is distributed in a variety of biome
types from arctic climates to tropics, allowing us totest the effect of various environmental factors on
plant structural evolution. We expose the first resultson the relation between plant architectural diversityand dispersal types, biotic and abiotic factors, anduse this information to discuss the family Thymelaeaceae’s history.

P.0491 Analysing plant
functional trait data
Neil Brummitt1, Ana Claudia Araújo1, Ben
Scott1, Tim Harris1,2,3, Sinan Gürlek1,4, Laurel
Constanti Crosby1,5, Cui Qianyuan1,4, Bai
Peiwei1,4, Liu Xinyu1,4, Xiao Zhang1,4, Adriana
De Palma1, Claire Harris6,7

P.0490 Plant structural
diversity, dispersal modes
and ecological history: thestudy case of the family
Thymelaeaceae

1 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South
Kensington, London, UK. 2 Geography Department,
King’s College London, London, UK. 3 Institute ofBotany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň,Czech Republic. 4 Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, UK. 5 Centre
for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment,
University College London, Gower Street, London,
UK. 6 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem
Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. 7 Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, James Clerk
Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, The King’s
Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.

Hugo Bonnaudet-Anest1,2, Yves Caraglio1,
Artémis Anest1
1 AMAP, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 2 University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Plant structure is acknowledged to reflect key traits
related to plant ecological performances, as well as
holding critical information regarding clades’ evolutionary history. The whole plant structure can indeed
be interpreted as a syndrome of traits selected by
the major constraints in the habitat in which species
have evolved. By using the architectural analysis ofplants (sensu Hallé et al., 1978), it is possible to describe the arrangement of plant organs, stable atthe species level, in the whole plant structure acrossspace, and over time during the major steps of plant
ontogeny. While architectural analysis methods
hold many keys to understanding plant structural evolution in relation to major ecological changes throughout deep-time history, only few studies
have attempted to characterise plant architectural
evolution, especially with regard to the environment,
and to other functional traits such as flowering anddispersal modes. Here, we performed the first attempt to use the architectural analysis to understand the evolutionary history of Thymelaeaceae,

Functional traits mediate interactions between plants
and their environment, and also other species. They
help determine species’ climatic niches and the sizeof their distributions. Analyses of functional trait data
across thousands of species suggest that trade-offs
between key traits shape the overall morphology ofplants and the life forms that they adapt to. Many
trait-based analyses are limited by lineage or geography, and by the availability of data on plant functional traits. The largest compendia of trait data contain information for tens of thousands of species, but
this includes only <15% of plant species and the information is not comprehensive in every case. A rich but
under-utilised source of potential data on plant functional traits is the species and higher-level descriptions published in taxonomic literature over the past
hundreds of years. Limitations in utilising this source of
information include its scattered and piecemeal na-

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ture – published for hundreds of thousands of plant
species in thousands of issues of hundreds of journals– and the bewildering variety of botanical terminology, with separate taxonomic traditions for individual
lineages sometimes using the same term in a uniqueway, or a unique term for the same feature. Overcoming access to taxonomic trait data requires: firstly, thattaxonomic literature is readily available and easily
searchable; secondly, that common terminology be
applied across species groups to standardise thegreat variety of botanical terms; and thirdly, that data
can be extracted automatically by machine learningalgorithms rather than compiled by hand. We present
recent research developments that demonstrate exactly this, illustrating its utility with application to: determining spatial patterns of plant functional diversity; inhighlighting potentially threatened species; revealing
the functional composition of biogeographic regions;
identifying possible invasive species; predicting plant
pollination syndromes; reducing the number of Data
Deficient plant species; and in large-scale biodiversity
modelling.

P.0492 Japanese knotweed
invasion genomics: what weknow and future directions

Japanese knotweed is a robust plant invading many
habitats across North America and Europe. Originally from East Asia, it was introduced and rapidly colonized many areas becoming one of the most invasive
species in the world. Knotweeds provide a compelling example of the invasive species paradox: they
have colonized new habitats and become dramatic
invaders with very little genetic diversity. We present
the results of a range of genomics approaches thathave clarified the evolutionary history of this complex, revealing its introduction history from Japan
to China and beyond. We also provide evidence ofevolution of increased clonality and local adaptation in the introduced range. To do so, we integrate
15 years of data across common gardens and fieldsurveys in the native and introduced ranges. This
work is the product of an ongoing research collaborative comprised of experts across three continentsthat investigates how genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variation mediate variation in performanceof this species across its global distribution. Ongoingand future studies will integrate plant genomics andmicrobiome studies with assessments of eco-evolutionary feedback along latitudinal gradients in thenative and introduced ranges to answer questions
about the functional importance of intra- and interspecific biodiversity in the process of invasion.

P.0493 Correlated evolution
between plant life forms andfloral traits in a Neotropicallegume lineage

Bethany Burns1, Malika Ainouche5, Elena
Barni11, Jingwen Bi2, Peipei Cao2, Armand
Cavé-Radet3,5, Stacy Endriss6, Elisa
Giaccone11, Ramona E. Irimia3, Ruiting Ju2,
Sophie Karrenberg12, Kyle Keefer1, Zhiyong
Liao4, Madalin Parepa3, Armel Salmon5,
Marc W. Schmid13, Nicole Sebesta11, Isolde
van Riemsdijk3,10, Shengyu Wang2, Jihua
Wu2, Ji Yang2, Wei Yuan7, Lei Zhang2,
Weihan Zhao2,8, Yujie Zhao2, Xin Zhuang2,
Bo Li2,9, Oliver Bossdorf3, Christina L.
Richards1,3

Bruna C. Barbosa1, Tamiris D. D. Lima1,
Luana S. Prochazka1,2, Amanda Vieirada Silva1, Juliana Gastaldello Rando3,
Anselmo Nogueira1

1 University of South Florida, Tampa, USA. 2 Fudan
University, Shanghai, China. 3 University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 4 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Xishuangbanna, China. 5
University of Rennes, Rennes, France. 6 University ofNorth Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, USA. 7 Max
Planck Institute, Tübingen, Germany. 8 University ofKonstanz, Konstanz, Germany. 9 Yunnan University,
Kunming, China. 10 Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 11
University of Turin, Turin, Italy. 12 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 13 MWSchmid GmbH, Glarus,
Switzerland.

1 Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo doCampo, Brazil. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais,
São Paulo, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Oeste
da Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil.
Pollination mutualism is a pivotal factor driving thediversification of plant life forms. The understandingthat perennial plant species frequently have large
flowers dependent on cross-fertilization is well-established, whereas annuals often exhibit tiny flowers
with high self-fertilization rates. This study investigated the correlated evolution of plant life forms andfloral traits within the Neotropical legume lineageof the genus Chamaecrista. We aim to unravel thenuanced dynamics shaping the evolution of plant

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reproductive strategies. To assess the evolution oflife forms, we first classified 31 species in the phylogeny into three distinct life forms based on the literature: (i) annuals, (ii) resprouting perennials, and (iii)
non-resprouting perennials. For floral traits, we sampled 2 to 3 flowers from different specimens, measuring the size of each floral whorl, including sepals,
petals, androecium, and gynoecium. We finally useddifferent comparative phylogenetic methods to investigate the evolutionary correlation between plantlife forms and their floral traits. Among evolutionary models, the OUM model best fit all flower traits
analyzed, indicating that plant life forms evolved
towards different floral trait adaptative peaks. Annual plant species evolved the smallest optimum
for petal, androecium, and gynoecium sizes. Resprouting perennials evolved intermediate sizes of
petals and androecium, but not gynoecium, which
achieved the largest size. Finally, the non-resprouting perennials evolved the largest optimum values
for petals and androecium sizes, but not gynoeciumwith intermediate size. Our study clarifies the evolutionary link between life forms and floral traits, emphasizing different floral phenotype’ optima for annuals, resprouting, and non-resprouting perennials.
The disparities in optima between the two types of
perennial plants may result in distinct reproductive
strategies in plants with a longer life cycle.

P.0494 Integrative
demographic modelling
reduces uncertainty inestimated rates of species’
historical range shifts
Antonio R. Castilla1, Alissa Brown2, Adam
B. Smith3, Andria Dawson4, Sean Hoban5,Everett A. Abhainn6, Jeanne RomeroSeverson7, John R Tipton8, Allan Strand9,
John D. Robinson10
1 Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA.
2 Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum,
Lisle, USA. 3 Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden,
Saint Louis, USA. 4 Department of Biology, Mount
Royal University, Calgary, Canada. 5 Center for Tree
Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, USA. 6 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre
Dame, South Bend, USA. 7 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend,
USA. 8 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Uni-

versity of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA. 9 Departmentof Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, USA.
10 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, USA.
Reconstructions of species’ biogeographic histories commonly rely on disparate types of data andanalyses: occurrence data modeled with species
distribution models (SDMs), pollen relative abundance models informed by fossil pollen records,
and genetic data analyzed with scenario-basedmodels. Using green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
in eastern North America as a case study, we analyze the consistency of inference between the three
data types and the most commonly used method
associated with each data type. Genetic data weremodeled using Approximate Bayesian Computation
and a spatially-explicit forward-time demographic
model coupled with coalescent simulations. Relative abundance of tree pollen, including ash pollen,
across space and through time was estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model,
and climatically suitable habitat was modeled using
SDMs with multiple algorithms. We integrated pollen
data and SDMs with genomic data through Approximate Bayesian Computation. We then compare estimates of the pace of range movement (biotic velocity) through time from these three datasets andcorresponding approaches. Overall, biotic velocities
estimated using fossil pollen were higher than thoseusing either genomic data or SDMs. We also founda temporal mismatch between methods detecting
peaks in biotic velocity. Both integrated ABC-SDM
and ABC-pollen analyses reduced the uncertaintyof biotic velocity estimates. Our results demonstrate
the need for quantitative comparison of the resultsfrom different biogeographic reconstruction methods and suggest that integration of these multiplelines of evidence in a unified framework may resultin improved biogeographic inference.

P.0495 Local adaptationand mating systemvariation in Viola pubescens
Caroline Edwards1, Leonie Moyle1
1 Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
Local adaptation can shape many important processes, including the distribution of genetic variation within species, the likelihood of range expansion, and the transition to ecologically-mediatedspeciation. While many studies have found local

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adaptation in plants, few have identified the specific environmental drivers of local adaptation, thetraits responding to differential selection across the
species’ range, and the factors that maintain locally fit genotypes despite the potentially homogenizing effects of gene flow. We have been examining these factors in the North American wildflower
species, Viola pubescens, focusing particularly on
the role of its distinctive mixed mating system on
patterns of local adaptation. This species exhibits
seasonal cleistogamy, in which individuals produce
primarily outcrossing chasmogamous (CH) flowers
in the spring, and then produce selfing, cleistogamous (CL) flowers in late spring and summer. The
timing of the switch between floral types has been
hypothesized to be in response to an environmental
cue, specifically light quantity or pollinator abundance. Variation among populations in growing
season length and/or pollinator abundance may
therefore influence the proportion of offspring produced by outcrossing versus selfing, with potentially important consequences for patterns of genetic
diversity, gene flow, and local adaptation. Here, we
present data from the first two seasons of a reciprocal transplant experiment in Viola pubescens toevaluate evidence for local adaptation to environmental and geographic variation, and investigate
the selective agents potentially responsible. We also
quantify patterns of mating system variation in order, ultimately, to test the contribution that variationin CL and CH flowers might make to shaping thesepatterns among populations.

P.0496 Phylogenetic
structure along a
topographic gradient in theunderstorey of a Neotropicalplant community

evolutionary history of the component species
shapes the organization of Neotropical plant communities along topographic gradients. In this study,
we investigated how the phylogenetic structure ofan understorey plant community changes along a
topographic gradient in a fragment of Neotropicalforest in southeastern Brazil using metrics of phylogenetic diversity and structure. Twenty plots (10m x10m) were surveyed along a topographic gradient,distributed across four topographic habitats: valley,
SW slope, NW slope, and ridge. In every plot, we calculated the phylogenetic diversity (PD), the mean
pairwise distance (MPD), the mean nearest taxon
distance (MNTD), and SES (standardized effect sizes). We found 1.695 individuals belonging to 70 species, 53 genera, and 24 families. The richest families
were Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Myrtaceae. Overall,
the studied community exhibited a non-random
phylogenetic structure: valley habitat presented aphylogenetic clustering and ridges exhibited phylogenetic overdispersion. Environmental filtering imposed by the topographic gradient possibly acted
on convergent clades, thus assembling overdispersed communities. The valley was characterized
by the presence of Rubiaceae, Piperaceae, Myrtaceae, and Lauraceae, while representatives of Lecythidaceae, Bignoniaceae, and Salicaceae were morepresent in the ridge. Our findings suggest that environmental filtering is more likely to play a stronger
role in the understorey organization of this tropicalcommunity with closer related species occupying
the valleys and distantly related species living in theridges. Acknowledgments: CAPES, CNPq, FAPES

P.0497 How clusteringpromotes biodiversity: A
solution to the plankton
paradox
Karen K. Huruntz1, Lilit E. Ghukasyan1, Gor A.
Gevorgyan2

Luciana A. Botacim1, Renan K. Hollunder2,
Karina Ferreira-Santos2, Écio S. Diniz3,
Tatiana T. Carrijo4, Mário L. Garbin1,4
1 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal
do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 3 Autonomous University of Barcelona (CREAF), Barcelona,
Spain. 4 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo,
Alegre, Brasil.
Topography is a well-known driver of changes inplant community organization in the tropics. However, we have a limited understanding of how the

1 Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. 2 Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of RA, Yerevan, Armenia.
The plankton paradox, a term coined by Hutchinson in 1961, refers to the enormous diversity of phytoplankton species observed virtually in all aquatic
ecosystems, while a straightforward understandingof the principle of competitive exclusion, the coretenet of theoretical ecology, teaches that in compet-265

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itive equilibrium a number of species competing for
fewer number of resources cannot coexist. Hutchinson saw the solution to the problem in that varying
environmental conditions prevent the formation ofcompetitive equilibrium in a phytoplankton community. Over the past six decades, other solutions to
the problem have been discussed in the literature,with an equally remarkable diversity of proposedmechanisms. While most allow the coexistence of afew more competitors in addition to what is allowedby competitive exclusion, only a few highly idealized
theories allow for the coexistence of hundreds ofspecies limited by a small number of resources. In
the absence of a generally accepted solution to the
problem, we outline here another conceptual solution that, however, fits well within the framework ofcompetitive exclusion, rather than specifying how
species-rich communities can defer the competitive exclusion. It is known that a species-saturated
ecological community driven by competitive Lotka-Volterra equations, following a path of competitive exclusion, lingers in a long-term state withspecies congregated in niche space into well-separated clusters. Characterizing the topology of theniche structure of this state as a hierarchical one,
we put forward a generalization of the Lotka-Volterra multi-resource competition model, which recognizes this topology at the basis of its own network
structure of interrelated differential equations. Thiskind of generalization significantly reduces the competitive constraints on species coexistence, offeringpromising potential for a conceptual resolution of
the plankton paradox.
Acknowlegments: This work was partly supported by
the Science Committee of MESCS RA in the frame of
the research project no. 21T-1F222.

P.0498 Different selective
forces shaped the evolutionof leaf anatomy in crops

level (Wright et al. 2004). In crops and their wild progenitors, SLA is generally high, but varies substantially depending on the origin and history of crops(Gómez-Fernández et al. 2023). Variation in SLA canbe explained by leaf thickness and/or leaf density,
both of which are influenced by anatomical traits of
the leaf (John et al. 2017). Compared to woody species, the study of the anatomical components underlying SLA variation has been overlooked in herbs.
Our aim is to explain the anatomical basis of SLA at
the upper end of its spectrum and to explore therole of distinct crop origins and domestication histories in the evolution of leaf anatomical traits. We
conducted a common-garden experiment with wildprogenitor and domesticated accessions of 28 herbaceous crops, and analysed morpho-anatomical
traits at leaf, tissue and cell level by means of crosssections. Our results show that crops tend to havea higher proportion of mesophyll and a lower proportion of bundle sheaths than their wild progenitors and no general trend for the remaining traits.
As well as for SLA, climate, plant organ under humanselection and evolutionary history contributed to explain some of the effects of domestication on anatomical traits. In this contribution, we will show how
diversity in domestication histories and origins haveinfluenced the evolution of SLA and its anatomicalcomponents in crops.
References: Gómez-Fernández, A., Milla, R. & Aranda, I. Early human selection of crops’ wild progenitors explains the acquisitive physiology of modern
cultivars. Nature Plants, in press (2023). John, G. P. et
al. The anatomical and compositional basis of leaf
mass per area. Ecology Letters 20, 412–425 (2017).
Wright, I. J. et al. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 428, 821–827 (2004).

P.0499 Advances in the
study of carrying capacity ofextensive livestock systems
through natural analog
ecosystems

Alicia Gómez-Fernández1, Rafael Villar2,
Rubén Milla1
1 ECOEVO Research Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. 2 Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal,
Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales,
Córdoba, Spain.
Variation in SLA is closely related to C fixation rates
and resource use, both at the plant and ecosystem

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González L1, Serrano-Zulueta R1, Pardo G1,
del Prado A1,2Manzano P1,2,3,4
1 Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940
Leioa, Spain. 2 Ikerbasque — Basque Foundation for
Science, Bilbao, Spain. 3 Global Change and Conservation Lab, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology
Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,XX International
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Finland. 4 Faculty of Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
During the Eocene, records indicate the emergence of forests, leading to mosaic landscapes
comprising wooded areas between grasslands.
The diversification in vegetation structure, driven
by declining temperatures, atmospheric CO2 concentration reduction and the advent of megaherbivores, fostered ecosystem opening. Subsequently, angiosperms evolved simultaneously withthe pressure exerted by these animals, giving rise
to both chemical and physical defense strategies.
These modifications combined with the emergence of C4 plants in grasslands and savannas,
increased the flammability of vegetative masses, giving rise to fires. The ecosystems evolution isconditioned by synergies between herbivore evolution and natural fires, being both primary vegetation consumers in temperate zones. However,during the Pleistocene and in a climate change
context, relevant extinctions of megaherbivores
occurred in Eurasia influenced by hunting anddomestication. Extensive livestock replaced many
ecosystem services provided by megafauna andwild herbivores, highlighting the ​essential role ofextensive livestock, especially the grazers herbivores, in maintaining open ecosystems. However,extensive livestock is often criticized for high emissions rates, extensive land occupation, and water
consumption. This is largely because environmental analyses overlook the inevitable effects from awild state of the land used for extensive livestock(e.g.: methane emissions). To estimate this, attempts are made to assess the natural levels of
herbivory in protected natural areas, although thisproves complex due to animal migratory barriers,
incomplete trophic dynamics, supplementation,or resource competition with domestic herbivores.
For this study, a database of European protected areas is established, containing data of grazing herbivores biomass, both domestic and wild,
predators, grass productivity, aiming to identify
patterns or trends in wild herbivory densities undervarious ecosystem scenarios with different vegetation types. Targeting to estimate what portion of
the carbon footprint of extensive systems is anthropogenic and what part can be deemed inevitable, as linked to ecological cycles of vegetation
consumption.

P.0500 Challenges tounderstand adaptive
importance of red light
responses of phytochrome B
Hajime Ikeda1
1 Department of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University ofTokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Phytochromes play a central role in mediating adaptive responses to light and temperature throughout
plant life cycles. Despite evidence for adaptive importance of natural variation in phytochromes, little
information is known about molecular mechanismsthat modulate physiological responses of phytochromes in nature. I will show our previous findingsof evolutionary divergence in physiological responses relevant to thermal stability of a physiologically
active form of phytochrome (Pfr) between two sister species of Brassicaceae (Cardamine bellidifolia and Cardamine nipponica) growing at different
latitudes. In addition, I will present further challenges
of molecular evolutionary analyses on phytochrome
genes from multiple species and of physiologicalexperiments exploring ecological roles of the divergence in light responses.

P.0501 Comparative
analysis of diversification
rates in clonal and nonclonal plants
Sonia Kadyan1, Jan Smyčka 2, Tomas
Herben 1
1 Department of Botany, Charles University, Czech
Republic. 2 Center of Theoretical Studies, Charles
University, Czech Republic.
Clonality is present in about half of the plant species. Many plant species are clonal, meaning they
can reproduce vegetatively by placing stems horizontally and using adventive roots or roots that bearbuds that can produce stems. Clonality in plants
influences various factors such as effective population size, meiosis frequency, and genet lifetime, allof which can significantly shape the diversification
rates. However, the role of clonality in influencing
species diversity has been largely overlooked. Here,
we aim to investigate the potential impact of clon-

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ality on rates of diversification and whether the patterns of diversification in clades where clonal species predominate differ from those with non-clonal
species. In order to do this, a wide range of taxonomic groups with different proportions of species
capable of clonal growth were sampled. Worldwide clonality data was sourced from the CLOPLA database and linked with existing phylogenetic
information on these species, namely the Smith &Brown (2018) Angiosperm phylogeny. Our approach
involves a variety of phylogenetic methodologies,
each characterized by specific assumptions. We
employ hypothesis-free tip rate estimations using
different methods, like DR metrics, BAMM, and ClaDS,to assess diversification rates. Statistical analysis
involves regressing tip diversification rates against
the clonal status of plants, employing phylogenetic
linear models. The study has the potential to clarify
the role that clonality plays in measuring observed
variation in diversification metrics.

P.0502 In situ evaluationof assisted evolution tools
for the advancement offlowering onset in Lupinus
angustifolius L. (Fabaceae)
Sacristán-Bajo, S. 1, García-Fernández, A. 1,
Lara-Romero, C. 1, Poyatos, C. 1, Rubio Teso,
M.L.1, Morente-López, J. 2, Prieto-Benítez, S. 3,
Torres, E. 4, Iriondo, J.M. 1
1 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. 2
Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC,
Tenerife, Spain. 3 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain. 4 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
Madrid, Spain.
Current climate change is threatening the survival ofmany species. Artificial selection and assisted geneflow have recently arisen as useful tools to better
manage and protect biodiversity and to increase
the adaptive potential of species. Considering thatflowering time is a key trait for plant responses toglobal warming, the objective of our study was totest the potential risks and benefits of artificial selection and assisted gene flow for enhancing the evolutionary potential of Lupinus angustifolius L. populations through the advancement of flowering onset.
We collected seeds from four populations in Spainat two latitudes (north and south), and grew themin a common garden experiment. For the artificial
selection experiment, two early flowering selectionlines were created for each of the populations, using
both self-crosses and outcrosses. For the assisted
gene flow experiment, we established an F1 generation by pollinating plants from northern populations with pollen from southern individuals. The F1
was self-pollinated to produce an F2 self-pollinationline in the following season. All lines were maintained
through self-pollination for a third season. In autumn
2020, seeds obtained (F3) from the two experimentsfrom the northern populations were sown in a common garden under natural conditions, close to theoriginal wild populations’ locations. In spring 2021,
we measured the flowering onset and other different plant traits. None of the measured traits showed
differences between the control and the artificial
selection lines, contrary to the results obtained inprevious works under controlled conditions. On thecontrary, plants derived from the assisted gene flowlines, flowered significantly earlier and showed lower shoot growth than the control line, in line with results obtained under controlled conditions in earlier
works. These results show that assisted gene flow
was more efficient than artificial selection in modifying flowering initiation under natural conditions.

P.0503 Phylogenomic
reconstruction of Fagaceae
using transcriptomes to
explore phylogenetic signal
and adaptive evolution of
traits
Min-Xin Luo1, Chien-Ti Chao1, Jui-Tse
Chang1, Pei-Chun Liao1
1 School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal
University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Fagaceae species, prevalent across diverse Northern Hemisphere habitats, play vital roles in ecosystems and economies. Their morphological andgenetic diversity, essential for adapting to environmental stress, makes them ideal for trait evolution
studies. Previous research encountered conflicts
among gene trees at the genus level, impacting
phylogenetic inferences. This study investigates thesource of phylogenetic discordance within Fagaceae, focusing on six genera (Fagus, Lithocarpus, Quercus, Castanea, Castanopsis, and Notholithocarpus).
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genetic relationships and explore causes of inconsistencies. Gene conflicts primarily occur between
Lithocarpus and Quercus due to incomplete lineage
sorting, not gene flow. Castanopsis and Castanea
show common selection related to environmental
factors or pathogens, likely stemming from a sharedancestor’s experience during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Trait evolution analysis
indicates that evergreen/deciduous traits are influenced by precipitation seasonality and mean
diurnal range. Late embryosis abundant genes, associated with water deficiency response, are underselection, linked to deciduous traits and seed desiccation in Quercus. This study provides a comprehensive exploration of Fagaceae diversity, revealing
associations between functional genes and traits,enhancing our understanding of trait evolution andenvironmental adaptation.

P.0504 Effects of aromatic
dwarf-shrubs on
community richness andcomposition in coastal
harsh habitats in Sardinia(Italy)composition between under and outside canopies
for each of the three model species. The presenceof canopies did not influence species richness but
affected beta dispersion for all model species, andthe mean composition for H. italicum tyrrhenicum
and T. capitatum capitatum. Preliminary data suggest that the presence of these canopies caused
significant differences in species composition
among areas under the canopies of dwarf-shrubs
and those outside them, indicating that conditions
under the canopies affected diversity compared toadjacent open areas. Furthermore, our results evidenced significant difference in species richness,mean composition and beta dispersion among themodel species under the canopies, highlighting theinfluence of the dominant species on plant diversity.
We argue that these preliminary results, which provide an understanding of the biocoenosis dynamics
and plant-plant interactions in harsh Mediterranean
environments, could be affected more by the phytochemistry of secondary metabolites at both soil litter and fresh leaves of aromatic dwarf-shrubs, thansimply the exclusion of direct sun light under theircanopies.

P.0505 Altitudinal andclimatic adaptationin flowering initiation
phenology in Linum bienne

Silvia Macis 1, Erika Bazzato 1, Alfredo
Maccioni 2,*, Michela Marignani 1,
Emmanuele Farris 2

Macarena Marín-Rodulfo1, Jose R.
Grande-Allende1, Isabel Martín-Girela1,
Eduardo de la Peña2, Rocio Pérez
Barrales1

1 University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. 2 University of
Sassari, Sassari, Italy. * amaccioni@uniss.it
Numerous processes influence plant species richness and community composition. Plants establishment and survival are highly sensitive to microhabitat structure and conditions, especially in harshhabitats. To verify if the richness and composition ofplant communities in a mosaic of coastal Mediterranean herb and garrigue habitats was conditionedby the presence of aromatic dwarf-shrub canopies,
we selected three model species and studied eachof them at three sites in North-Western Sardinia. At
each combination species × site, 10 individuals wererandomly sampled between April and July 2023. The
selected model species were: Helichrysum italicum
subsp. tyrrhenicum, Teucrium capitatum subsp.
capitatum, and Salvia rosmarinus. At each individual, we assessed the presence/absence of vascularplants beneath the plant canopies and in adjacent
open areas, using point transects. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in community

1 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. 2 Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea“La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, Málaga, Spain.
There is increasing evidence that global warming
significantly alters flowering phenology, primarilyadvancing the onset of flowering. Studying the shifts
in flowering in this context is important because
flowering is a trait under genetic regulation and dependent on environmental cues. In addition, the onset and the phenology of flowering strongly influences plant growth and fitness. However, it still remains
poorly investigated whether the shift in flowering onset correspond with a plastic response to changing
local environmental cues, or to adaptive response to
climate change. In the present study, we investigate

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how the genetic variation in the onset of flowering ofLinum bienne Mill. responds to environmental variation along an altitudinal gradient, and the consequences for plant fitness. Linum bienne is an annual,biennial, or perennial herb, distributed in the Mediterranean Region, Atlantic Europe, and the British
Isles. It is a grassland species growing from sea levelup to 1200m. The flowers are homostylous, self-compatible and commonly experience self-pollination
upon flower opening. In the present study, we sampled seeds from 16 populations (21 to 11 families per
population) at different altitudes (range 50-1200 ma.s.l) in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, and exposed them at three different altitudes (86, 738, 1980
m a.s.l) in provenance trials and under the control
conditions of the greenhouse. In these experiments,
we measured growth rate, plant size at flowering,days to flowering onset, flower production, days tofruiting and fruit production. These data were used
to investigate phenotypic plasticity, but also to study
if populations coming from environments similar tothat in the experimental site experience higher performance and fitness. Our results underscore theadaptive value of traits that allow species to shift
their distribution along altitudinal gradients, andhow they adapt to new environments.

termine importance value indices of tree layer
species against opposite slope directions andgradients, to determine the vegetation structure
against slope gradient. The biological parameters that were checked was the stem circumference, height, and canopy diameter. Diversity wasmeasured using Shannon-Weiner diversity index,
Simpson diversity index and Evenness index. Shannon diversity index for North facing Downslope
2.20, Midslope 1,97, Uplsope 1.77 and South facing
downslope 1.74, Midslope 1,64. The average Simpson diversity index for the North facing slope was
0.82 and South facing slope 0.77. Average Evenness index for the North facing slope was 0.93 and,on the South facing slope was 0.81. Which indicated that on the North facing slope there’s high species diversity and species evenness which is notaffected much by the slope gradient as it showsfrom downslope to upslope diversity decreases, on this part of the slope diversity was high on
the downslope. On the South facing slope it was
shown that there’s is low diversity and evenness
since the Shannon-Weiners and Simpson diversity
was low, and on this part of the slope high diversity
and evenness was high on the upslope.

P.0507 Zygomorphic flowers
last longer: the evolution offloral symmetry and floral
longevity

P.0506 Analysis of exposureand slope gradient impact
on tree layer profile ofMoerolakop vegetation in
Nylsvley Nature Reserve

Ruby E. Stephens1,2,3, Rachael V.
Gallagher1,4, Marcos Méndez5, Hervé
Sauquet2

T Mavhila1, M.P Tshisikhawe1, K Magwede1

1 School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University,
Ryde, Australia. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia. 3 Ecology & Evolution
Research Centre, University of New South Wales,
Sydney, Australia. 4 Hawkesbury Institute for theEnvironment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, Australia. 5 Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of
Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
Plant ecologists have been eager to consider
slope aspect related issues in vegetation communities in the 1850s. The effects are more noticeable
in the mountainous regions, of which are set apartby steeper slope. The aspect of slope is very much
important when it relates to diversity and distribution of plants. This study was be conducted in
Nylsvley Nature Reserve Point centered method
was used to achieve the aim of this study which is
to analyze and compare the vegetation structureof the north-facing slope against the south-facing slope and the objectives being to determine
density and frequency of tree layer species dominance against opposite slopes directions, to de-Floral symmetry has long been considered a key trait
in floral evolution. Although zygomorphic (bilaterally
symmetric) flowers typically receive fewer floral visitors, it is yet to be determined whether this translates to a slower rate of pollination. Floral longevity,
the time from flower anthesis to senescence, is an
evolved trait which balances floral costs against therate at which flowers are pollinated. Using newly collected field data combined with data compiled from270

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the literature we assess whether floral longevity varies with floral symmetry. Phylogenetic regressions
show that zygomorphic flowers last longer than actinomorphic flowers, though there is considerable
variation in longevity in both groups. Zygomorphic
flowers opened on average for 4.7 days, whereas
actinomorphic flowers typically lasted 3.6 days. Our
results provide further evidence of the costs of zygomorphy for flowers. Despite these costs, zygomorphy has evolved numerous times throughout angiosperm history, and the reward of more targeted
pollination, and lower pollen interference must be
worth having to keep your flowers open for longer.

lution under distinct harvesting scenarios. This research sheds light on the driving forces behind theemergence of non-shattering in agricultural crops
and provides valuable insights into the early stagesof crop domestication.

P.0508 Shattering no more:experimental evolution of
non-shattering fruits in crop
domestication

Morán-López Teresa1,2, García Daniel1,
Campagna María Sofía2, Schleuning
Matthias3, Morales Juan Manuel2,4

P.0509 Unravelinginteraction assembly
rules at global scales:
trait-matching between
frugivores and fruits

1 Departamento de Biología de Organismos ySistemas, Universidad de Oviedo and Instituto Mixto de Investigación en Biodiversidad (Universidad
de Oviedo-CSIC-Principado de Asturias), Oviedo yMieres, Asturias, España. 2 Grupo de Ecología Cuantitativa, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacionaldel Comahue, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. 3
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate ResearchCentre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 4 School of
Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Rubén Milla1, Beatriz Pablo-Carmona1,
Sergio Nuñez-Castillo1
1 Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física yQuímica Inorgánica. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,
Madrid, Spain.
Agricultural crops have played a pivotal role in human culture and evolution. The transition from wild
plants to fully domesticated crops has been marked
by the development of unique traits. One such critical trait is the non-shattering of fruits, where fruits either do not disarticulate or remain enclosed at maturity. This evolutionary shift towards non-shattering
was a critical step, allowing early farmers to maximize their seed harvest before substantial losses to
the ground occurred. Non-shattering is prevalent in
the domestication history of major crops and serves
as a distinct marker differentiating wild and domesticated plant remains at archaeological sites. However, the specific selective pressures that led to thefixation of this crucial trait have remained elusive. To
address this knowledge gap, we conducted an experimental evolution study on populations of Arabidopsis thaliana composed of a mixture of shattering and non-shattering genotypes. In our study wemimicked various harvesting techniques employedby early agriculturalists, such as sickle harvesting –hypothesized to encourage domestication – andmethods like beating into baskets – hypothesized
to deter domestication –. In this contribution, we will
share the results of our investigation, revealing how
silique shattering evolved across 18 replicate populations over three generations of experimental evo-

Predicting plant-frugivore interaction rearrangement after human-driven disturbances is a priority
and challenging task in the current Global Change
Crisis. Recruitment in many plant populations depends on frugivory, which often maintains seed rain
diversity. There are three commonly accepted rules
in plant-frugivore interactions—(i) abundant species
tend to interact more often, (ii) fruit size cannot largely
surpass beak width and (iii) lipidic fruits tend to attract
more insectivorous birds. Yet, their degree of generalization across communities and bird and plant lineages remains uncertain. We gathered a dataset of
65 plant-frugivore networks from contrasting latitudes(from 0.2 to 53 degrees), belonging to mainland andisland systems. We designed a Hierarchical Modelingof Species Communities Model (HMSC) to quantify arrangement rules affecting 7417 interactions between
799 plants and 733 bird species belonging to 84 and76 different families. We evaluated (a) the degree ofgeneralization of trait-matching across the globe,(b) the effects of the biogeographical context on its
strength and (c) its consequences on species complementarity within plant communities. Despite thecontrasting environments analyzed (e.g., temperate
and tropical forests), in almost all networks we could
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action rules with plants attracting a subset of frugivores according to their morphological and nutritional
characteristics. However, the strength of trait-matching varied with latitude and insularity with higher intimacy of interactions in temperate mainland than intropical areas. In the tropics, the prevalence of highly frugivorous birds mixing diverse fruits in their diets
softened trait-matching resulting in generalized interactions. In temperate areas, strong trait-matchinglead to a high complementarity among frugivores
and plants. Overall, our results show that interaction
assembly between plants and their frugivores is governed by common rules throughout the globe, but
modified by the biogeographical context affecting theintimacy of such interactions and frugivore complementarity within plant communities.

P.0510 Reproductive
isolation between two sister
Cnidoscolus species in
sympatry

example. Most barriers, particularly the pre-zygotic
examples, were asymmetrical and predicted the direction of heterospecific pollen flow and hybrid formation from C. souzae to C. aconitifolius. Both parental
species, as well as the hybrids, were diploid and had achromosome number 2n=36.

P.0511 The naturalizationof almond (Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D.A.Webb.) is
mediated by cyanogenic
processes
Francisco J. Ocaña-Calahorro1, Andrés
Barea Márquez1, Miguel G. XimenezEmbun1, Rocio Pérez Barrales1, Rafael
Rubio de Casas1
1 University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas1, Víctor ParraTabla2, José M. Rodríguez-Domínguez3
1 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzadosdel Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav). Mérida, México. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán,
Mérida, México. 3 Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México.
Reproductive isolation is conferred by several barriers
that occur at different stages of reproduction. Comprehensive reviews on the topic have identified thatbarriers occurring prior to zygote formation are often
stronger than those that occur afterward. However, theover-representation of temperate perennial herbs inthe current literature precludes any generalization ofthis pattern to plants that present other life forms andpatterns of distribution. Here, we assessed reproductive isolation barriers and their absolute contribution
to reproductive isolation and asymmetry in Cnidoscolusa conitifolius and C. souzae, two closely related
tropical shrub species that co-occur on the Yucatan
peninsula. The reproductive barriers assessed were
phenological mismatch, pollinator differentiation, pollen-pistil incompatibility (three pre-zygotic barriers),
fruit set failure, and seed unviability (post-zygotic barriers). Reproductive isolation between the study species was found to be complete in the direction C. aconitifolius to C. souzae, but only partial in the opposite
direction. One post-zygotic barrier was the strongest

The seeds of Prunus spp. species are known for their
toxicity, caused by a high content of cyanogenic compounds. One emblematic exception is almond (Prunus
dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) which is cultivated for its edible,
non-cyanogenic (i.e., sweet) seeds. Seed cyanogenesis in almond is a Mendelian trait, the ‘sweet’ allele
being dominant, and the recessive, toxic allele canbe found in heterozygotic cultigens. Previous work has
shown rapid evolution of cyanogenesis during the feralization (de-domestication) of this crop. Feral populations have a much higher rate of toxic seeds thantheir cultivated ancestors. However, the causes andconsequences of this increase in cyanogenesis remain to be elucidated. Understanding cyanogenesis
requires to account for its role across organs and life
stages. Toxicity might influence various ecological interactions, both with mutualists and antagonists, andthe synthesis and accumulation of N-rich cyanogenic compounds may affect plant physiology. Here we
present the results of combined field, common garden and growth chamber experiments investigating
how cyanogenesis influences almond feralization by
estimating its effects across the reproductive cycle,
including pollination, seed dispersal and predationand seedling survival. Our findings suggest a complex pattern of selection on cyanogenesis. In flowers,
cyanogenic compounds reduce the number of pollinator visits. Additionally, seed dispersers showed asignificant preference for “sweet” almonds. However,this also correlated with an increase in seed predation, and cyanogenic seedlings were also more likely
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herbivory. We conclude that while cyanogenesis appears to be positively selected during almond feralization overall, this net result is the outcome of complex
and maybe conflicting adaptive dynamics.

Montagud 1, Clara Gracia Mas1, Patricio
García-Fayos1, Francesco de Bello1

P.0513 Desiccation in
Mediterranean oak acorns:
does morphology influence
germination rate?

While interactions between plants and soil microbiota
play a pivotal role in driving biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, the extent to which changes in plantcomposition influence the microbiota and reciprocallyremain elusive. Addressing the fundamental questionof whether diversity primarily associates with specifictraits of dominant species or results from the complementarity of species traits, this study investigates
intricate ecosystem interactions among plant, fungal,
and bacterial diversity across 59 permanent plots indiverse natural parks of the Valencian Community.
Furthermore, we examine the contributions of factors
such as micro and macroclimatic variables, coupledwith plot heterogeneity parameters, to elucidate theseinteractions. Preliminary findings indicate that, despite
a vegetation-induced shift in microbial composition,
the preservation of overall biodiversity necessitatesconsiderations beyond habitat diversity alone, contingent on multiple factors. This research establishes afoundation for conservation strategies that holisticallyincorporate both biotic and abiotic determinants.

David A. Oropesa-Olmedo1, Lucía Cano1,
Enrique Andivia1, Raúl Bonal1
1 Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution,
Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The relationship between weight and size of theacorns can be an important factor in the loss of moisture and therefore affect the germination rate ofQuercus acorns. The acorns of Mediterranean oaks
are considered to be recalcitrant seeds, so biologicaland climatic processes are important to maintain aconstant moisture content in the seeds, as a drop in
moisture content of up to 25-30% can affect their viability. This study hypothesises that the more elongatedand narrower seeds lose moisture more easily and are
therefore more sensitive to germination rate during
periods of desiccation. The aim of this study is to findout whether the morphological traits of the acorns,
mainly width and length are variables that might influence seed desiccation and thus limit the germination
rate. For this purpose, seeds of different shape and size
from different Quercus species (Q. ilex, Q. pyrenaica,
Q. faginea, Q. suber, and Q. coccifera) are exposed todifferent drying times and subsequently germinatedunder constant humidity conditions. In this way, theamount of moisture lost by the acorns as a functionof time exposed to dryness, their length and width arerecorded and related to germination capacity.

1 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación,
Valencia, Spain.

P.0515 Do warming andcompetition interactions
with drought change
selection and plasticity
patterns in a Mediterranean
shrub?
Marina Ramos-Muñoz1, Mario BlancoSánchez1, Beatriz Pías2, José Alberto
Ramírez-Valiente3,4, Raquel Benavides5,6,
Adrián Escudero1, Silvia Matesanz1

P.0514 Harmony in diversity:
decoding plant-microbian
dynamics in Mediterranean
ecosystems
Leyre Pedros-Pla1, Amanda MármolSalvador1, Miguel Verdú del Campo1,
Daniel Rodríguez-Ginart, Santiago DonatCaerols1, Marta Goberna1, Alba Navarro-

1 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
3 Department of Forest Ecology & Genetics, Forest
Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 4 Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Bellaterra, Spain. 5 Dep. Sistemas Y Recursos
Naturales, E.T.S. Ingeniería de Montes, Forestales ydel Medio Natural, Madrid, Spain.
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responses and to predict their vulnerability in a climate change context. Drought is the main selective
pressure in the Mediterranean region, but, in natural
conditions, Mediterranean plant populations experience a complex combination of abiotic and biotic
conditions. Adaptive trait evolution under new conditions requires phenotypic selection and genetically based phenotypic variation within populations.
Although both the patterns of selection (i.e., the traits
and trait values affecting individual fitness) and theexpression of genetic variation are environmentally dependent, little is known about how they vary
under realistic, multivariate environmental conditions. Using an experimental approach based on
multivariate common gardens, we quantified thepotential response to selection to water stress andwhether it is modified by warming and intraspecific competition. We sampled a total of 42 maternalfamilies from two populations of the gypsum shrub
Helianthemum squamatum that represent the extremes of the geographical and climatic distributionof the species. Experimental treatments simulated the stress gradient experienced in natural conditions, resulting from the combination of drought,
warming and intraspecific competition. In each experimental individual, we measured a wide set of
eco-physiological traits and quantified their reproductive fitness. Using phenotypic selection analyses,
we identified adaptive traits, i.e., those influencing
individual fitness, in each experimental treatment.
We also quantified the presence of genetic variation
under each experimental condition, and how thephenotypic expression varied across conditions. We
hypothesize that the presence of coocurring stresses will alter the adaptive value of traits (i.e., the patterns of selection) and reduce the presence of genetic variation, since harsher environments usuallyconstraint the expression of genetic variation acrossgenotypes and populations. Our study will further
our understanding on the future adaptive responses to drought of gypsophile populations under more
realistic environmental conditions.

P.0516 Extrafloral nectar
is more costly and lessinducible in shaded plants
Lucas J. R. Bartsch1, Anselmo Nogueira1,
Laura C. Leal2

Plants exhibit many anti-herbivore defenses. Maintaining these defenses can reduce the carbon available for allocation to other plant functions. Therefore,
any factor compromising a plant’s carbon assimilation is expected to increase the relative cost of defense and its inducible nature. Extrafloral nectar is acarbon-based indirect anti-herbivory defense commonly inducible under herbivory events. However, therelative cost of this indirect defense under variableconditions, including situations of carbon limitation, is
unclear. In this study, we investigated how photosynthetic restriction due to shading influences leaf traits,
plant biomass, and the carbon investment and inducibility of extrafloral nectar in Chamaecrista nictitans(L.) Moench (Fabaceae). We cultivated 30 plants randomly separated in three levels of shading (0%, 30%,
and 50%) and quantified leaf functional traits, plantbiomass, and sugar mass of the extrafloral nectar before and after herbivory. Increasing shading causes anincrease in leaf area and a decrease in leaf thickness,concomitantly with an increase in the abovegroundplant biomass in contrast with a reduction in the belowground biomass. However, the carbon allocated to
extrafloral nectar and the induced response to herbivory were lower as the shading level was higher. The
shading constrained the plant investment in extrafloral nectar secretion due to an increase in the relative
cost of extrafloral nectar secretion under low carbon
assimilation conditions, preventing the plant from being able to respond to herbivory events by increasing
sugar in nectar for protective ants. The decrease incarbon investment in this defense implies that defensive function may not be a plant priority under shaded
conditions. In contrast, the maintenance of biomass
accumulation throughout plant development remains crucial. Our study shed new light on the cost of
the extrafloral nectar mediating ant-plant protection
mutualisms and opened new avenues of investigation
about the responses of these defenses to changes inhabitat conditions.

P.0517 Leaf trait variation,phylogenetic signal andecological strategies in
the Italian endemic forest
plants: preliminary evidence

1 Universidade Federal do ABC – UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal deSão Paulo – UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil.

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Canullo3, Elisa Carrari1, Cristina Gasperini1,
Emmanuele Farris4, Leonardo Rosati5,
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1 University of Florence, Department of Agriculture,
Food, Environment and Forestry, Florence, Italy.
2 University of Florence, Department of Biology,
Florence, Italy. 3 University of Camerino, Schoolof Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy. 4 University of Sassari, Department ofChemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural
Sciences, Sassari, Italy. 5 University of Basilicata,
Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed
Ambientali, Potenza, Italy. 6 Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental andFood Sciences, Bolzano, Italy.
Endemic plant species represent the most valuable component of the flora of a given region,
due to their restricted distribution and, often,
vulnerability to habitat changes. The Italian floraincludes ca. 1600 endemic species and subspecies, of which ca. 130 live in forest habitats, especially in the understory of the southern regions
and islands. Overall, the biological, ecologicaland functional characteristics of these taxa arepoorly known, making it difficult to predict their
responses to forest management and disturbances. In the framework of a national project on
this topic, we focused on the functional dimension, analysing six leaf traits associated with different resource-use strategies and ecosystemprocesses. Leaf area, fresh mass, dry mass, drymatter content, specific leaf area and nitrogencontent were measured in ca. 30 Italian endemic
taxa (one population per species) from different
forest types and seed plant clades, as well as inselected non-endemic sister taxa. Our aims are:i) estimating the range and patterns of variationfor each trait across our taxon sample, ii) exploring the relationships with major geographic andenvironmental characteristics of the population
sampling sites, iii) determining Grime ecologicalstrategies and comparing endemic vs. non endemic sister, and iv) evaluating the role of evolutionary constraints on each trait and determining their phylogenetic signal. Preliminary results
point to broad interspecific variation and significant covariation between some traits. Grime
strategies were also widely variable in terms of
C, S and R percentages, with divergence in someendemic-non endemic species pairs. Blomberg K
statistics suggests trait evolution to be largely independent of phylogeny, but some traits showeda significant signal when including non-endemic
sister species in the analysis. Dependency of trait
variation on environmental variables is still understudy and more results will come once more species will be sampled.

P.0518 Do plant functional
traits contribute to themaintenance of a flower
colour hybrid zone?
Rosina Soler1, Sean Stankowski1,2, Parvathy
Surendranadh1, David Field3, Nick Barton1
1 Institue of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria. 2 University of Sussex, Brighton,
UK. 3 Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Spatial variation in natural selection shapes phenotypic variation in wild populations and drives
their evolution. Functional traits of plants influence growth, reproduction, and survival, and are
therefore important components of fitness. In the
Antirrhinum majus hybrid zone, a sharp transmission from yellow to magenta flowers implies thatstrong selection acts on flower colour. However,
the agents of selection acting on colour variation remain unclear. Furthermore, the influenceof other traits aside from flower colour on theeco-evolutionary dynamics within the zone also
lacks clarity. We assessed functional trait variation according to phenotypic category (flower colour) over time, within an A. majus population ina hybrid zone of the Pyrenean mountains in northSpain. We used a multi-year dataset (2014-2020)
including >20,000 sampled individuals to analyze
variation in the following plant traits: number offlowering stems, plant height, survival past thefirst year, and node: height ratio. Plant traits varied greatly between years, but there was no obvious difference between floral colour categories.
We found that plants that survive the first year arelarger (on average twice as large) and produce
more flowering stems (on average 3 times more)than first-year plants, likely contributing to higher
reproductive success. However, the probability offinding old plants was significantly lower for hybrid
individuals only during 2014 and 2018, which does
not represent a clear reproductive barrier. We also
discuss the effect of possible interactions between
traits and year, and the influence of plant locationby comparing the focal plant with its neighbour
as a control. Our preliminary analysis highlights
the importance of considering both temporal andphenotypic dimensions in understanding the evolutionary dynamics of plant fitness.

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P.0519 The study on
phylogenetic position ofsome Stephania spp. in
ThailandThanakit Suparat1, Thaya Jenjittikul1, Saroj
Ruchisansakun1, Nicha Thawara1
1 Department of Plant Science, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand.
The genus Stephania (Menispermaceae) consists ofapproximately 70 species distributed in the old-world
tropics and subtropics, some of which are used as
medicinal and ornamental plants. The Flora of Thailand project has recorded about 15 species of Stephania found in Thailand. Later, the research in 2020 reported a new species; Stephania kaweesakii. However,there has been no previous molecular research on thisgenus in Thailand, and some species are still lack DNA
data. That is the reason for this research to study more
molecular data on Stephania in Thailand. The silica gel
dried leaves of 8 species have extracted DNA and sequenced on the nuclear region (Internal transcribedspacer (ITS) and chloroplast region (psbA-trnH). The
new sequence dataset was combines with another
Stephania species in Genbank. The phylogenetic tree
is reconstructed using two methods: (1) Bayesian inference and (2) Maximum Likelihood. The study also
examines some dominant morphological characterto construct the ancestral state by Mesquite. Our result show that the phylogenetic position of Stephania
included new species found in Thailand, and somecharacter evolution can analyze the ancestral state,
related to understand evolution of morphologicalparts of Stephania.

P.0520 Using theevolutionary history of
conifers to establish
conservation priorities inNortheast Mexico

Conifers worldwide are in decline with climate change
modelling predicting reduced ranges of suitable climatic conditions for their establishment as well as exacerbating other threats such as increased frequency
and intensity of wildfires, pests, and pathogen outbreaks. Of the world’s 615 conifer species, 34% is currently listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as being threatened. In Mexico
climate projections for year 2050 show an increasein the desertification of the northeast region where
30 species of conifers inhabit, mostly restricted in the
Sierra Madre Oriental Mountain range. As temperatezones become extinct, changes in the structure of thenortheastern forests of Mexico will begin to become
more and more evident. With the world climatic conditions making rapid and drastic changes in ecosystems, genetic diversity is now more than ever crucial
for species adaptation and is a component of biodiversity that should not be overlooked when stablishingconservation priorities. We believe that genetic diversity within and across species must be understood andprotected to give populations the chance to adapt
and evolve into more resilient communities. Species
are not fixed entities, but a cluster of dynamic populations going through microevolutionary processes of
their own and in order to conserve species, we must
respect and protect the evolutionary processes thatlay underneath the species concepts, which depend
strictly on genetic diversity. National conservation actions are urgently needed to ensure that most of ourforest’s biodiversity is preserved, but with limited financial resources and time, what species and areas matter most? The main objective of this project is to explore
the genetic variation of conifer species in NE Mexicoand use an integrative approach using GIS, population
structure analyses, and phylogenetics to understandthe distribution of genetic resources across the landscape and inform conservation actions.

P.0521 Aquatic, amphibious
and terrestrial Isoetes(Lycopodiopsida):
ecological and evolutionary
aspects

Katia Treviño-Cuellar1, Susana FavelaLara2, Catherine Kidner1,3, Kyle Dexter3,
Hannah Wilson1

Angelo Troia1, Daniel F. Brunton2

1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon,
Mexico 3 The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

1 University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. 2 CanadianMuseum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
The nearly cosmopolitan genus Isoetes is the only
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evolutionary lines within Lycophytes. It is important
as witness to and relic of the first solutions adopted
by vascular plants to colonize the terrestrial subaerial environment of the planet. According to recent
estimates, there are more than 200 living species.
They colonize a wide range of habitats, from thebottom of permanent lakes to seasonally saturated
meadows and ephemeral bedrock pools. Considering the few morphological characters useful forcharacterizing species, ecology can be an important factor in differentiating and characterizing taxa.
Moreover, the presence of species adapted to live
permanently underwater and at least seasonally
exposed species living in the air (with intermediates
between the two extremes) can be interpreted froman evolutionary point of view. Unfortunately, beingrare plants often overlooked due to their unobtrusive habit and their uncommon habitats, makes
gathering Isoetes data and observations difficult ona global scale. We adopted the old ecological subdivision in aquatic, amphibious, and terrestrial species, as re-defined from Troia & Greuter (2015). We
tried to assign each of the currently recognized species to one of these 3 categories; this was not easyor possible in some cases, both for the lack of information on some species and the apparently variation between one category and another in others.
Preliminary results suggest that aquatic species areca. 52%, amphibious ca. 42%, and terrestrial just the(ca.) 6%. In addition, we have tried to investigate the
distribution of the three ecological categories along
the evolutionary history of the whole genus or of single clades, with interesting observations.
References: Troia A. & Greuter W. (2015) A conspectus of and key to Greek Isoetes (Isoetaceae), basedon a reassessment of Haussknecht’s gatherings of1885. Willdenowia 45: 391-403.

P.0522 The role of biotic
interaction and temperaturein the elevational
distribution of two Stewartia
species.
Shuntaro Watanabe1
1 Department of Biology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Many species’ range limits occur across continuous
environmental gradients without obvious barriers
imposing them. Such species distribution resultsfrom a complex suite of abiotic and biotic processes including adaptation, ecological interactions andreproductive dynamics but disentangling these factors in present distribution is still challenging. To address this problem, we focused on the elevational
distribution in which two closely related and reproductively isolated plant species. We surveyed elevational distribution of two Stewartia species (S. monadelpha and S. pseudocamellia) in 10 mountains
in while collecting in situ temperature and precipitation data in southwest Japan. We first tested the
hypothesis that temperature limits elevational distribution by comparing the degree of overlap in thevertical distribution of the two species and temperature. Second, we tested whether negative interspecific interaction (e.g., competition) limits elevational
distribution by searching for distributional evidenceof competition between sympatric congeners andfor evidence of competitive release when the congener was absent. We found that when two species coexist in same mountain, lower elevation area
tends to be dominated by S. monadelpha, whereas
two species tend to coexist at higher elevation areasuggest habitat segregation along elevation are often imperfect. We also found that S. pseudocamellia
tends to expand their range to lower and warmerarea when S. monadelpha was absent, suggesting
competitive release. These results suggest that negative interspecific interaction results in coexistenceof closely related species in unsuitable environment(e.g., high elevation area) and interspecific interaction among closely related species could be important factor for structure the species warm range limit.

P.0523 A Benford’s
law based model for
determining the boundaries
of a floristic community
Justin K Williams1
1 Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA.
Communities are interacting populations of various individuals of different species common to a
specific location. Despite having a clear definition
for community, there is not a clear understandingof where the boundary of a community should be
defined. Most often communities are understood ona fine scale in terms of local processes or symbiotic relationships, such as the interaction between aflower and its pollinator, or a predator and its prey.
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criticized for not incorporating the full scale andcomplexity of a community. Ricklefs (2008) argues
that it is more useful to think of communities on a regional scale, while conceding that at present there
is no model/system for determining regional size.
This study proposes a model for determining the sizeof a community at the regional scale by utilizing adherence to Benford’s Law. By analyzing floras at various scales and their adherence to Benford’s Law, themodel was able to determine a breakpoint at which
vegetative communities no longer comply to Benford’s Law. This break from Benford’s Law represents
the boundary of a floristic community at the regional scale. This model is preliminary and has only beentested on twenty-three different floras, but the results appear promising and as further data accumulates, it is predict the model will remain sound.

S.059. EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF ARID
FLORAS AND THEIR UNDERLYING BIOLOGICALSURVIVAL MECHANISMS
P.0524 Metabolite evolution
in desert plants: defenses
and adaptations

to increased production of specific secondary compounds. This review provides valuable insights into
the evolutionary dynamics of metabolites in desert
plants.

Arora S.1, Barupal M.1

P.0525 Climatic drivers
in Strombocarpa
strombulifera: Evidence ofspring physiological traits
on flower production

1 Department of Botany, JNV University, Jodhpur,
Rajasthan, India.
Desert plants have evolved intricate defense mechanisms to combat biotic stresses and adapt to climatic fluctuations. Metabolites play crucial roles inmediating these adaptive responses, yet their evolutionary trajectories in desert plants remain poorly
understood. This literature survey investigates theevolution of metabolites in desert plants, with a focus on their involvement in defense systems and climatic adaptations. Through an extensive review ofexisting studies across various species and ecological contexts, specific metabolites associated with
defense responses against biotic stresses and facilitation of climatic adaptations are identified. Key
metabolic pathways contributing to plant resiliencein arid environments are synthesized, emphasizing
the importance of metabolic plasticity in extreme
conditions. Desert plants have evolved efficientphotosynthetic strategies, such as Crassulaceanacid metabolism (CAM) and C4 pathways insteadof solely relying on the C3 pathway, further enhancing their adaptive capabilities. Plants in arid regions
harbor unique chemicals that aid in adaptation to
the prevailing harsh conditions. The water stress experienced by these plants triggers the productionof high quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS),
which, through a series of pathways, ultimately leads

Felipe S. Carevic1,2, Roberto Contreras2,3,Erico Carmona3, Ermindo Barrientos4.
1 Laboratorio de Ecología Vegetal, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad ArturoPrat, Iquique, Chile. 2 Millennium Nucleus on Applied
Historical Ecology for Arid Forests, Santiago, Chile. 3
Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama, Universidad de Atacama,
Copiapó, Chile. 4 Laboratorio de Bionanomateriales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables,
Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile. 5 Engineering Agriculture Department, Natural Sciences andAgriculture Faculty, Universidad Técnica de Oruro,
Oruro, Bolivia.
Strombocarpa strombuliferais a widely distributed
woody species distributed along arid ecosystems in
America. The interannual evolution of ecophysiological parameters and their effects on fruit production
and flower sprouting in Strombocarpa strombulifera
were studied for three years in a natural population distributed in the Atacama Desert. Xylem watercolumn tension, pressure–volume curves, specific278

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leaf area (SLA), and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assessed. Flower sprouting was assessed in different weeks using tagged flowers. To
assess fruit production, four small containers wereplaced under twenty-five individuals, allowing theestimation of total annual production and individual production. We found considerable variability
between years and between individuals. Positive
relationships were found between plant water parameters, SLA, and chlorophyll variables measured
in spring at flower sprouting and during fruit production. A negative correlation was found between themean of the minimum temperatures in spring andflower sprouting. These results suggest that spring
ecophysiological parameters strongly affect the reproductive status of S. strombulifera. The results also
reflect the potential of this species to adapt to a hyperarid climate by preserving a high relative watercontent before flower sprouting.

cases the taxonomic description is available, with
important characteristics such as the size and organization of the chloroplast genome unknown. Dueto this, in this work the characteristics of the chloroplast genome for three species of “acacias” arepresented for the first time, allowing us to show thecomparison between a species with a wide distribution against two with a restricted distribution, as
well as the contrast between genomes of two genera that were previously united. The results obtained
provide relevant information on the evolution of thegenus Acacia s.l. in Mexico.

P.0526 Chloroplast
genome of three species
from Mexican arid zonesof the genus Acacias.l. (Leguminosae:
Caesalpinioideae)

Chonour Mahmoudi1, Tomáš Herben1,
Jitka Klimešová1

P.0527 Plant clonality along
the gradient of aridity:
Lamiaceae in IranianPlateau

1 Department of Botany, Charles University, Czech
Republic.

Ember Hidalgo Franco1, Anahí Canedo
Texón2, Gabriela Castellanos Morales2,
Sandra Gómez Acevedo1
1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Estado deMéxico, Mexico. 2 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico.
The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley is located in theSoutheast of the state of Puebla and in the Northeast of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. This area is ofparticular interest for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of arid and semi-arid zones, since itis one of the main reservoirs of biological diversity
in America. The main components of this type ofvegetation include species of Acacia s.l., a genus
that is currently divided into 5 genera, of which two(Vachellia and Senegalia) are found in arid Mexicanareas. Vachellia constricta is a tetraploid species
whose distribution extends from Mexico to the United States, while diploid species Vachellia bilimekii
and Senegalia acatlensis are endemic to arid Mexican areas. These three species are key elements of
the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley and in the best of

Clonal growth, a widespread growth form in plants,
can play a crucial role in their survival and persistence,
while we already know that their occurrence changes along environmental gradients, there is very limited data on their distribution in arid and subtropicalregions. We aim to address a broader question how
clonal growth strategies occur along climatic gradients with special focus on dry conditions. We thus
broaden our scope, shifting our focus to Iran and the
Middle East as our study region, beyond the previously explored territories. Iran’s unique climate gradients,
spanning from high mountains to lowland deserts,
provide an ideal region for understanding the adaptive role of clonality, particularly in extending the rangeof the water availability gradient well beyond what has
been studied. We study the Lamiaceae family, which
is an excellent candidate for studying the relationshipbetween clonality and environmental factors due toits diverse clonal growth forms and high species diversity. We analyzed the diversity of clonal growth traits
across Lamiaceae species and linked them to species
distribution patterns. We explore whether gradients inenvironmental conditions, namely drought, correlatewith shifts in the frequency and types of clonality. Further, we use phylogenetic data to determine individual clonal growth organs in the family. This will help
to identify how ecological conditions have influenced
evolution of clonality as an unexplored component of
the plant form response to the environment.

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P.0528 The Brazilian semiarid is becoming arid:
insights from historicalcollections on aridification
threats to plant biodiversity

establish new crop fields or pastures, threatening rare
species. Further investigation must shed light on thepossible influence of aridification on the decline or local
extinction of their populations.

P.0529 South American
cacti shed light on plant
diversification of arid andsemiarid regions in the
Neotropics

Reyjane P. Oliveira1, Grênivel M. Costa2,
Domingos B.O.S. Cardoso3,4, Evandro
N. Silva1, Luciano P. de Queiroz1, Marcos
C. Dórea1, Ligia S. Funch1, Daniela S.
Carneiro-Torres1, Ana M. Giulietti-Harley1

Monique Romeiro-Brito1, Milena C. Telhe1,
Flávia M. Lanna2, Bryan C. Carstens2,
Matias Kohler1, Luciano A. Digiampietri3,
Daniela C. Zappi4, Nigel P. Taylor5,
Fernando F. Franco1, Evandro M. Moraes1

1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia,
Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal da Bahia,
Bahia, Brazil. 4 Instituto Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilThe Brazilian semi-arid (BSA) region is the largest andmost biodiverse nucleus of the neotropical seasonally
dry tropical forest and woodland (SDTFW) biome. A recent report from Brazilian spatial and on natural disasters agencies (INPE and CEMADEN, respectively) identified a previous semi-arid area measuring 5,700 km2
experiencing an arid climate in northern Bahia state,by comparing its aridity indexes over seven decades.
Three municipalities are enclosed in this newly discovered arid region (Abaré, Chorrochó, and Macururé), andthree are only partially enclosed (Juazeiro, Curaçá, andRodelas). By examining a taxonomically verified database of virtual collections from national and regional
herbaria, we show how rich the region’s flora undergoing aridification is. We found 388 specimen records,
with more than 95% coming from the PPBIO program,an extensive network of biodiversity inventories in the
BSA. Abaré has the most records (245 samples), followed by Chorrochó (126) and Macururé (17). A total of
149 plant species were found in 54 families and 115 genera, most of which were from Angiosperms. The mostdiverse families repeat the floristic pattern of the Brazilian Caatinga (SDTFW): Fabaceae (26 species), Euphorbiaceae (14), Malvaceae (13), and Cactaceae (7), fromwhich 23 species are Caatinga endemic. Cenostigma
pyramidale (Fabaceae) was recorded in the three municipalities, while more than 80% of the species wererecorded in only one municipality. Gossypium mustelinum (Malvaceae), collected in 1988 (a populationof 20 individuals), is listed as endangered on the IUCNRed List, and the collection point is now a pasture. Many
species recorded in the arid area have not been collected since 1950. Aridification has caused agriculturalland degradation and environmental deforestation to

1 Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências
Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal deSão Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil. 2 Museum of Biological
Diversity & Department of Evolution, Ecology andOrganismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. 3 Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
4 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de
Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. 5 University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar Botanic Gardens Campus, Gibraltar.
The global expansion of arid environments during Miocene is the frequently associated with the diversification of succulent lineages. In addition to this event, various life history and reproductive traits in succulents
have been proposed as the key traits which promote
diversification of lineages in the Neotropics. Here wefocused on the tribe Cereeae (Cactaceae) to explore
the role of biotic and abiotic traits in the diversification of succulent lineages in South America. We estimated a calibrated tree to infer major biogeographic
events and ancestral geographic ranges in this group.
We also explored the contribution of biotic and abiotic
traits in the diversification of this tribe using traditional
diversification analysis and machine learning models.
The Cereeae diverged in the late Miocene, forming awidespread region from Central and Southern Andes
through Espinhaço Mountain Range in eastern Brazil. A
series of vicariant events isolated major lineages geographically in the Peruvian Andes, Southern Andes, andin the Espinhaço Mountain Range. The recolonizationof eastern Brazil occurred through long-distance dispersal events in the late Miocene and Pliocene. Biotic
traits, such as globose growth form and hummingbird
pollination, were the most important traits associatedwith high speciation rates in Cereeae. Our findings re-280

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veal a continuous distribution of Cereeae across thewest-to-east region of South America during the late
Miocene period. Following this, the vicariance events
that led to the segregation of east and west lineages
occurred concurrently with marine transgressions andthe assembly of Cerrado domain during the same
period. Furthermore, they suggest that morphologicaland ecological traits exert a stronger influence on thediversification within the Cereeae lineages than abiotic traits. The results of this study emphasize the roleof the Southern Andes region as a source of pre-existing dry-adapted plant lineages capable of colonizing
new xeric environments during the Miocene period.

P.0530 Correlations
between biome shifts,
speciation, and trait
evolution in genera from
Cereinae tribe (Cactaceae)
M. C. Telhe1, M. Romeiro-Brito2, F. F. Franco1,
E. M. Moraes1, T. N. C. Vasconcelos3
1. Biology Department, Federal University of São
Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil. 2. Natural History Department, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA. 3. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

The Neotropical region is well known for its species
richness, although how this species richness was established and maintained is still subject to discussion. Plant lineages undergoing biome shifts havebeen identified in large numbers in the Neotropicalregion, indicating a key role of this process in assembling regional communities. However, the role ofbiome shifts between dry and open environmentsin changing diversification rates in plant lineages ispoorly understood. Although the studies investigating biome shifts yield critical evolutionary insights
into the Neotropics, evolutionary changes allowing
lineages to transcend biome boundaries, such as
niche evolution, are rarely considered. With the advancement of ecological niche modeling methods
and niche evolution inferences, it is now possible tocombine niche evolution with precise quantificationof lineage responses to climate, allowing accurateinferences of biome shifts. Here, we investigated how
biome shifts between Seasonally Dry Tropical Forestand Savanna biomes and past climate oscillations
may have affected the distribution and diversification of cacti, contributing to the understanding of
the role of these events in the diversification of thetribe Cereeae. To reach this goal, over 500 orthologous loci developed with Cactaceae591 probe-set,biogeography, phylogenetic niche modeling, anddiversification rates estimation were integrated toanswer when and where biome shifts occurred in
the evolutionary history of cacti lineages and how
they contribute to its species richness.

S.060. EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS IN SKYISLANDS:NEW INSIGHTS IN THE SEARCH OF MAJOR
BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHICPATTERNS
P.0531 Speciation on sky
islands: The diversificationof Cirsium (Carduoideae:
Compositae) on
mountaintops in western
North America
Carolina M. Siniscalchi1, Jennifer R.
Ackerfield2, Ryan A. Folk1

1 Department of Biology, Mississippi State University,
USA. 2 Denver Botanic Gardens, USA.
Alpine ecosystems of western North America arecomprised of a series of archipelago-like ‘sky islands’consisting of high-elevation habitat surrounded bya matrix of low-elevation environments. These disjunct sky islands formed when the continuous alpine
communities present during the last glacial maximum fragmented and were forced to retreat upslope in response to warming temperature, providing
refugia for formerly widely distributed organisms.

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Cirsium (“thistles”) consists of approximately 100
species in North America, 12 of which are exclusive
to alpine ecosystems. Cirsium is also hypothesized
to have undergone a geologically recent, rapid,
continent-wide radiation. Therefore, reconstructing
the biogeographic history of mountaintop-dwelling
Cirsium would provide insight into the origin of thealpine flora during Pleistocene glacial cycles. The resulting biogeographic and diversification analyses
found that North American alpine species of Cirsium originated from at least four lowland progenitors. The integrated effects of niche conservatismand glacial-interglacial cycles played a critical rolein shaping current distributional patterns in alpine
mountain systems as well as adjacent low-elevation canyons of the Colorado Plateau. The Colorado Plateau is a high-elevation mesa bounded by
mountain ranges and deeply cut by the Colorado
River canyon system. One of the most unique habitats of the Colorado Plateau is that of hanging gardens, which form a patchwork of low-elevation “islands” along this canyon system. Three instances ofsister-species pairs comprised of species restricted
to hanging gardens and species in alpine habitats
were also recovered. These results are consistent
with ecological vicariance involving fragmentationof a once more widespread common ancestor.
Therefore, current alpine and hanging garden populations of Cirsium are hypothesized to be the resultof Pleistocene population fragmentation in conjunction with glacial-interglacial cycles, with these
two markedly different habitats offering refugia for
Cirsium. Isolation and subsequent diversification
resulted in the genetically distinct, yet superficiallysimilar alpine species present today.

In addition to topography and climate, biogeographic dispersal has been considered to potentially influence plant diversity in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains (HHM). Yet, the mode and tempo
of sky-island dispersal and its influence on species
richness has been still little explored. In this study, we
test the hypothesis that dispersal has affected current local species richness, by Gaultheria ser. Trichophyllae, a sky-island alpine clade within the HHM. We
then inferred the biogeographic dispersal dynamics
in geographic distributions, and performed a few
correlation tests on dispersal (i.e., direction, distanceand occurrence time) and regional species richness.
We found that G. ser. Trichophyllae originated at
the end of the Miocene and mostly evolved towardhigher longitudes (eastward), with the eastward
short-distance dispersals and westward long-distance dispersals frequently occurred. We discovereda prevalence of eastward short-distance dispersals
in either glacial periods or interglacials, which may
be facilitated by the reorganization of paleo-drainages and monsoon intensification through time. We
suggested the dispersal occurrence time (glacial
period) and distance (short-distance), rather thanfrequency (times) significantly influence the patternof species richness of G. ser. Trichophyllae. This study
facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of
biodiversity in the sky islands within the HHM.

P.0532 The role ofPleistocene dispersal in
shaping species richnessof sky-island wintergreensfrom the HimalayaHengduan Mountains

Dexcem Pantinople1, Nicholas EngleWrye1, Ryan Folk1

P.0533 Edaphic ecology insky island-like systems—acase study in the Heuchera
parviflora complex

1 College of Arts & Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA.

Xiao-Juan Cheng1, Peter W. Fritsch2, YanJun Lin1, Ming-Ying Zhang3, Lu Lu1
1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan
Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
2 Botanical Research Institute of Texas, University Drive, Fort Worth, USA. 3 College of Pharmacy,
Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China.

Inherently discontinuous habitat requirements,
whether montane, edaphic, or otherwise, generateisland-like, geographically discontinuous distribution patterns in continental landscapes, with distinct implications for population-level processes
and speciation mechanisms. Yet, the implicationsof distinct niche and organismal traits for understanding broader biogeographical patterns remain
poorly implemented in current paradigms. From theapplied point of view, especially in plants, the geographic complexity and lack of study in taxa distributed in ecological islands is likely also to resultin cryptic species-level diversity and gaps in con-282

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servation effort. Here, I investigate the unique phylogeographic and speciation processes in terrestrial
island-like systems using the Heuchera parvifloragroup (subsect. Villosae, Saxifragaceae). The group,
as wide-ranging specialists of rockhouses (shallow caves and cliff undercuts) with diverse edaphic
ecology, a highly disjunct distribution, and a relatively established phylogenetic framework, makes
an ideal model system for studying island-like continental distribution patterns. To discover phylogeographic structure and test the current hypothesis ofrelationships in the group, I ran phylogenetic analyses on a target capture dataset comprising 277
loci and dense population-level sampling, using
concatenation in RAxML and coalescent methods
in ASTRAL-III. To discover significant predictors explaining species distributions and test whether any

phylogeographic structure is mediated by refugial
or edaphic mechanisms, I applied a demographic
modeling approach using GATK4 and DIYABC, implementing a series of phylogeographic hypotheses
based on recognized refugial areas and gridded
soil datasets from SoilGrids. Preliminary results identify north-south phylogeographic differentiation between each of the taxa recognized currently in thegroup, in addition to the phylogenetically deeper
west-to-east pattern already known. Initial ASTRAL
analyses demonstrate a strong phylogenetic backbone and phylogeographic resolution within several
subclades. My work has also generated surprises including a new species and the inclusion of H. villosa
within a paraphyletic H. parviflora group, suggesting
the need for further investigations on obscure, fragmented habitats.

S.061. FERN AND LYCOPHYTE EVOLUTION: A
PHYLOGENOMIC PERSPECTIVE.
P.0534 The third opinion
on fern phylogenetics withnovel insights into their
mitogenome evolution
Glenda G. Cárdenas1, Samuli Lehtonen1
1 Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
The current understanding of fern phylogeny is primarily based on plastid and nuclear sequences, but
the third genome—the mitogenome—has remained
practically unstudied. We inferred the first broad scalefern phylogeny based on mitogenomic data, obtained
from the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative
project, and compared it with the plastid phylogeny.
The trees were mostly congruent and corresponded
to the current understanding of the fern phylogeny,
but we observed different evolutionary patterns between the two genomes. Protein-coding markers located in the plastome had, on average, over two times
higher substitution rate than the markers from the mitogenome. The similar rate variation pattern between
the genomes in different fern lineages supports theidea that a common mechanism, like life history traits,
drives the rates of molecular evolution. The few conflicting nodes we observed have also been difficult toresolve in other studies, suggesting that even genomic
data may not suffice to resolve them.

P.0535 Taxonomic
complexes and theevolution of niche specificity
in tropical American plants:
the case of Trichomanes(Hymenophyllaceae)
Laura Kragh Frederiksen1, Wolf
Eiserhardt1,2, Hanna Tuomisto1,3
1 Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. 3 University of Turku, Turku,
Finland.
Correct species identification is crucial in ecological and evolutionary research and for conservation
planning, but is often difficult to achieve for tropicalplants. Our field observations of Amazonian ferns
have revealed that many well-known widespread
species are actually species complexes, where theconstituent (often previously unnamed) species
have smaller distributional ranges than the complex
as a whole. Different species of such complexes may
be geographically isolated, but they may also befound sympatrically in forests that differ in soil properties. In some cases, species identification remains
elusive, which might reflect either incipient/incomplete lineage divergence or hybridization. Combin-283

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ing phylogenetic information with distributional andenvironmental information can help to elucidate towhat degree lineage diversification has been driven by geographical isolation vs. adaptive radiation.
The fern genus Trichomanes (Hymenophyllaceae)
is common and species-rich in the wet forests oftropical America and provides an interesting groupfor studying these questions. Our study combines
morphological and genetic analyses to reconstruct
the evolutionary history and resolve the taxonomy ofthese ferns. We take advantage of systematic fieldobservations from ecological inventories to address
niche specificity and niche evolution, which enhances our understanding of the drivers of plant evolution both in this specific case and in general.

P.0536 Unravelling the
diploid-tetraploid complex
in Cheilanthes mollis, adesert coastal inhabitantfrom Chile
Rosa Ramirez-Castillo1, Amanda L.
Grusz2,3, Claudio Palma-Rojas1, Cristian
Araya-Jaime 1,4, Pedro Jara -Seguel5,
Hugo A. Benítez6,7, Andrea Loayza4,81 Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La
Serena, La Serena, Chile. 2 University of Minnesota
Duluth, USA. 3 National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA. 4 Institutode Investigación Multidisciplinario de Investigación
y postgrado, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena,
Chile. 5 Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile. 6 Centro
de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule,
Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile. 7 Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile. 8 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad,
Ñuñoa, Chile.
Polyploidy is a widespread and relevant phenomenon in ferns, with over 95% of homosporous fern species being polyploids (Wood et al., 2009; Barker and
Wolf, 2010). Despite this prevalence, ferns remain oneof the most understudied cytogenetic groups. This
discrepancy can often be attributed to the challenges of using the mitotic chromosome squash
technique, originally designed for angiosperms(personal observation). While squash preparations
are considered the most precise method for assessing ploidy level and chromosome number (Kirov
et al., 2014; Nakato et al., 2016; Singh, 2016; Windham

et al., 2020), they present several difficulties whenapplied to seedless plants like ferns (Ramirez-Castillo et al., in press). Knowing the exact chromosome
number of a species is especially important in incompletely resolved tribes like the Cheilanthoideae (Pteridaceae), as it can provide key insights into
phylogenetic relationships (Levin, 2002; Clark et al.,2016; Windham et al., 2020). In recent years, efforts
have been made to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of South American Cheilanthoides uncovering new species and polyploid complexes (Sosa etal., 2021, Hernández et al., 2015; Ponce and Scataglini, 2018). Traditional cytogenetic tools and accurate
morphological techniques are needed to characterize the hidden diversity within the group. Here, we
uncover a diploid-tetraploid complex in Cheilanthes
mollis, a poorly explored desert-inhabiting fern innorthern Chile, newly developed and refined mitotic
chromosome squash technique, as well as geometric morphometrics and gametophyte reproductive
strategies characterization

P.0537 Character evolutionof modern taxa as a tool for
fossil assignments: the caseof Cretacifilix fungiformis(Dryopteridaceae)
Ledis Regalado1, Harald Schneider2,
Patrick Müller3, Alexander R. Schmidt1
1 University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 2 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China. 3
Amber Study Group, Geological-PalaeontologicalMuseum of the University of Hamburg, Hamburg,
Germany.
Cretacifilix fungiformis, a fossil fern from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from Myanmar, was previously
assigned to the eupolypod ferns based on the presence of sporangia with a vertical annulus and sporangial stalks 2–3 cells thick, along with monolete
spores with a distinct perine. However, the proposed
affiliation of this fossil to derived families of eupolypods remained unclear due to the inaccessibility of
the holotype and the insufficient documentation of
relevant characters. We re-evaluated the relationships of this fossil taxon based on additional leaf
fragments recently discovered from the same amber deposit. We assessed identifiable features of thefossil species through an ancestral character state
reconstruction using a comprehensive, time-cali-284

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brated phylogeny of the eupolypod ferns. Our morphological evaluation supported the placement of
C. fungiformis within the eupolypod ferns and ourcharacter state reconstruction of extant eupolypod families and genera recovered morphologicalsimilarity of Cretacifilix to the closely related genera
Arachniodes and Dryopteris, supporting an assignment of this fossil genus to the species-rich family
Dryopteridaceae within the Polypodiineae.

P.0538 Development
and description of thegametophytic phase ofa selection of species of
the genus Parablechnum(Polypodiopsida)tre. Spores were sown in mineral agar during field work
to maintain their viability until culture under controlled
conditions (22ºC, 12-hour day/night photoperiod). The
results indicate that all the studied species have a Vittaria-type germination and Adiantum-type cordate
development. The eight species formed male, female,and hermaphrodite gametophytes. In most of them,
there were no glandular hairs, a typical trait of many
Blechnaceae gametophytes and in some cases withthe presence of antheridiogen. The cultured gametophytes will be used for further genomic work developed under a Hyb-Seq approach to check whether
the use of haploid tissue simplifies the bioinformatic
processing of polyploid taxa sequences.

P.0539 Synopsis ofnative Lycophytes(Lycopodiopsida) and Ferns(Polypodiopsida) from Chile

Guillermo Santos1, Carmen Prada1, Luis
G. Quintanilla2, Sonia Molino 1,3, Rafael
Medina1
1 Dept. Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultadde Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutensede Madrid, Spain. 2 Dept. Biología y Geología, Física
y Química inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,
Madrid, Spain. 3 Dept. de Biociencias, Facultad deCiencias, Biomedicina y Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
Ferns and lycophytes are unique among land plants
in having both generations of their life cycle (gametophyte and sporophyte) living as independent organisms. This independence is reflected in multiple
differences among them, from ecological needs tophysiological functions, and even distribution patterns.
Thus, it is not possible to fully understand a fern species
without knowing both phases. However, the gametophyte of many ferns is very little studied, and often
completely unknown. Furthermore, previous studies
have found that the development and traits of thegametophyte may provide characters of taxonomic
value. Here, we present a case study within the genus
Parablechnum. This genus belongs to the Blechnaceae, and contains about 68 species, mostly distributed in the Austropacific region and the Neotropics.
Although the sporophytic phase of most species of
the genus is completely described, the gametophyte
remains an enigma, this phase is completely unknown
and we do not know what importance it may have forthe taxonomy and biology of Parablechnum. In thiswork, we studied the development of eight Parablechnum species from the Neotropical diversification cen-

Javian Gallardo-Valdivia1, Marcelo D.
Arana2, Gloria I. Rojas3, Paulette I. Naulin1
1 Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 2 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. 3
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Santiago, Chile.
The knowledge of the state of the art of national floras
enables decision-making for conservation purposes.
Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses) and Polypodiopsida(ferns), classically known as “pteridophytes,” correspond to the first terrestrial plants with a developed
system of conducting tissues in the sporophyte. They
represent the second largest group of vascular plants
in terms of diversity, estimated at 12,000 species globally, while in Chile, the diversity of this group is estimated at 160 specific and infraspecific taxa, mainly distributed in the temperate-humid zones of the country.
The objective of this work is to present the pteridological richness of the flora of Chile. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in specialized literature,in addition to the examination of specimens from herbaria (CONC, SGO and EIF). The results show that theChilean pteridoflora consists of 164 specific and infraspecific taxa distributed in 23 families and 57 genera,
representing 2.9% of the vascular flora of Chile. 35.4%
are endemic species, while 64.6% are native. Although
the Chilean pteridoflora is relatively small considering the global diversity, its taxa exhibit high singularity,
mainly due to long periods of isolation and vicarianceduring the evolutionary history and biogeography ofthe flora.

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P.0540 Taxonomic
revision of Equisetum(Equisetaceae) in Chile
Javian Gallardo-Valdivia1, Marcelo D.
Arana2, Gloria I. Rojas3, Paulette I. Naulin1
1 Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 2 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. 3
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Santiago, Chile.
The genus Equisetum is the only living representativeof the family Equisetaceae, of the order Equisetales,
subclass Equisetidae, Polypodiopsida. The distribution of the group is cosmopolitan, with 18 species reported globally, while in Chile classically three native
species have been reported (Equisetum giganteum
L, Equisetum pyramidale Goldm., and Equisetum bogotense Kunth). Type specimens housed at B, BM, BR,
FR, G, P and S were reviewed online and through JSTOR.
Also, the collection of CONC and SGO which include
nomenclatural types were reviewed. Additionally, theprotologue of all taxa cited for Chile were reviewed.
The genus Equisetum in Chile is represented by three
species: Equisetum xylochaetum Mett., Equisetum pyramidale Goldm., and Equisetum bogotense Kunth.
According to the descriptions of Equisetum giganteum L., none of the specimens deposited in the SGO
and CONC herbaria match the taxon in question, corresponding most of cited specimens to E. pyramidalein the central-southern zones of Chile, while specimens
collected in the northernmost regions correspond to E.
xylochaetum. After reviewing the type specimens andthe literature associated with the protologues of thetaxa, E. giganteum is excluded from the flora of Chile,
while E. pyramidale (endemics of central Chile) andE. xylochaetum endemics to the Atacama Desert insouthern Peru and northern Chile are both recognized
as a valid species.

P.0541 Systematics of the
Elaphoglossum dendricola
Clade (Elaphoglossum
sect. Lepidoglossa,
Dryopteridaceae), a
Neotropical group of ferns

Elaphoglossum is one of the most diverse fern genera, with more than 600 species pantropically distributed. Historically, the genus has represented ataxonomic challenge mainly because of the large
number of species and the similarity among them.
Less than 15% of the species in the genus have been
the subject of detailed taxonomic revisions; therefore, species limits are not well understood, andmany species remain undescribed. Molecular phylogenetic hypotheses have served as a framework
to focus on smaller coherent clades for monography. Our recent phylogenetic reconstructions,based on chloroplast markers, found a clade within
Elaphoglossum sect. Lepidoglossa distinguishable
by morphological characters, with an interesting geographic distribution, and a convenient size
for a taxonomic revision. We called this group the
Elaphoglossum dendricola Clade. This researchaims to overcome some of the challenges in the
study of Elaphoglossum by focusing on resolving
the systematics and taxonomy of the E. dendricola Clade and by assessing the conservation status of its species. The clade has around 13 alreadydescribed species under at least 22 validly published names. Herbarium revision also indicatesthat there are at least six putatively undescribed
species. Species of this clade are characterized
by long-creeping ascending rhizomes with long,
curly scales and scaly leaves with resinous dots
and round or acute apex. Diagnostic characters to
distinguish among species are mostly based in themorphology of mm-long scales of rhizomes, petioles, and leaves. The clade is mostly distributed
over 2,400 m in Panama and in the Tropical Andes,
both biodiversity hotspots of conservation priority.
Taxonomic revisions are essential to understandand document the diversity and distribution of
species on Earth, and to provide good and expert
baseline information to support decisions that help
their conservation.

P.0543 Beneath the surface:
the sporoderm evolutionof homosporous ferns
using sculptural and wallstratification characters

Lucia Vargas-Longas 1,2Alejandra Vasco2
1 Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, USA. 2 Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, USA.

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gentina. 2 Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio,
Chubut, Argentina. 3 Universidad Nacional de La
Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Spores have long been used as a source ofcharacters in fern systematics, primarily to circumscribe genera and families using spore wall
sculpturing. Spore sizes have also been relied
upon to infer ploidy. In some groups, the evolutionof spore features has been studied through thereconstruction of ancestral states using a molecular phylogenetic framework. Most of these studies have relied on surface characters observedwith SEM and LM and have not taken into accountwall-stratification information (observed with
TEM), which informs the homology of sculpturalelements. In this work we studied characters of
spore wall sculpture and stratification including:surface sculpturing, as well as the number of layers and their structures in order to infer the originof the sculpturing. Our aim was to detect broad
evolutionary patterns related to the characteristics of the walls that constitute the sporoderm inhomosporous ferns. We studied 724 species us-

ing data from Tryon & Lugardon (1991) which we
optimized onto the comprehensive phylogenyof Testo & Sundue (2016). Our main findings are
that: 1. Both the ornamented exospore and perispore (constituting the spore sculpture) appeared
several times in evolution, 2. In most groups, twolayers constitute both the exospore and the perispore, 3. The most common type of exospore is“Blechnoid”, characterized by a compact innerexospore and a bistratified outer exospore, while
the most common perispores are solid or cavate.
Our results provide new insight to the evolutionof different ornamental and wall-structural configurations in the ferns. Moreover, it provides aframework to evaluate paleopalynological assignments and interpretations of fossil spores.
References: Testo W, Sundue M. 2016. A 4000-species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns. Mol Phylogenetics Evol 105.Tryon AF,
Lugardon B. 1991. Spores of the Pteridophyta: Surface, Wall Structure, and Diversity Based on Electron Microscope Studies.

S.063. FLORAL NECTAR: POLLINATIONSYNDROMES, PRODUCTION ATTRIBUTES,REGULATION EVOLUTION.
P.0544 Unraveling theeffects of long-term
exposure to fungicides on
the growth performanceof ecologically important
nectar yeasts
Sergio Quevedo-Caraballo1, Clara de
Vega2, Bart Lievens3, Sergio Álvarez-Pérez1
1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 3
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Fungicides are nowadays indispensable to global food security, and among them, 14α-demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) are a mainstay of modern
agriculture due to their widespread use against
fungal pathogens of diverse crops. Unfortunately,

DMI residues can disperse and persist in the environment and potentially affect pollinators andnon-target fungi, including the yeast communities inhabiting the floral nectar of Angiosperms.
Some nectar-yeast species have shown to be ofoutstanding ecological importance as mediatorsof animal-plant interactions, and investigations
are therefore required to unravel the specific effect of fungicides on nectar-yeast performance.
We analysed the effect of long-term exposure to
sublethal concentrations of imazalil, a DMI fungicide widely used worldwide, on the growth performance of the cosmopolitan nectar-specialist
Metschnikowia reukaufii (Ascomycota), a yeast
species of high ecological importance. Three
yeast populations each composed of 10 M. reukaufii strains isolated from floral nectar of Mediterranean plants were inoculated into culture
broths mimicking natural nectars containing different imazalil concentrations (0, P.31, 0.125, and0.5 μg/ml). After a 3.5-day incubation, an aliquot

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and DMI-free control treatments was transferred
to new vials with the same media to simulate
yeast dispersal by insects, and this operation
was repeated twice a week for 16 weeks. The results demonstrated that the overall yeast cellcount (by microscope counting) and the number of viable cells (colony forming units on agar
plates) were significantly determined by imazalil
concentration, the exposure time, and the interaction between these two factors. DMI fungicides
can, therefore, significant and negatively impact
the ability of nectar yeasts to thrive in their habitat. Future research should address other effects that long-term exposure to fungicides canhave on nectar microbial populations and how
agrochemicals indirectly disrupt plant-pollinator
communication mediated by nectar yeasts.

Filling the gaps in Bracken
fern: genetic variability,
relationships, and climate
requirements of SouthAmerican populations

Agustina Yañez1, Sylvia Kinosian2, Vanina Salgado1,
Jessica Viera Barreto3, Juan F. Rodriguez Cravero1,
Pedro B. Schwartsburd4, M. Mónica Ponce5, Diego
G. Gutierrez1, Carlos Mendes6, Michael Sundue7, 8,
9,Paul G. Wolf10

1 División Plantas Vasculares, Museo Argentino deCiencias Naturales (MACN-CONICET), Ciudad de
Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona,
Tucson, USA. 3 División Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad
Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4
Laboratory of Systematics and Evolution of Plants,
Department of Plant Biology, Federal Universityof Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil. 5 Instituto de Botánica
Darwinion, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 6 Centro deEstudios de la Crisis Ambiental Global, Instituto
Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Miranda, Venezuela. 7 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K. 8 The Pringle Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont,
Burlington, USA. 9 Botanical Research Institute ofTexas, Fort Worth, USA. 10 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville,
Huntsville, USA.
The bracken fern (Pteridium, Dennstaedtiaceae)
is a cosmopolitan fern genus of aggressive dis-turbance colonizers. Bracken is also toxic to many
livestock animals, and the control of this species isof agricultural interest. The taxonomy of Pteridium
has been described in multiple schemes, ranging
from one to four species with numerous subspecies and varieties. Recent work has focused on
the worldwide distribution and systematics of thebracken fern, but South America has been poorly represented. Here, we present the first continent-wide sampling and analysis of Pteridum
esculentum (= “P. arachnoideum”), a southernhemisphere diploid species. Within South America P. esculentum has several morphotypes, distinguished into subspecies by variation in indument and lamina architecture. In this study we use
double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADSeq) to assess the phylogenetic relationships of P. esculentum subspecies. Additionally, we evaluate their potential distribution
and climatic niche to detect ecological requirements. We found a striking genetic homogeneity
for the species, being able to support only twomorphotypes from molecular data. We propose
an east-west geographic pattern that explains therelationships between populations and, in contrast to previous studies, we detected differenceswith P. esculentum from Australia. Finally, although
the morphological subspecies did not show differentiation in their climatic niche, the Amazonianand northern South American populations could
constitute a different ecotype.

P.0545 Flower traits, flower
visitors and breeding
systems of Nicotiana
glauca: a climate change
comparison
Francisco Maldonado Vargas1, Mónica
Móraes Ramírez1, Sissi Lozada-Gobilard1,2
1 Instituto de Ecología, Unidad de Botánica (Herbario Nacional de Bolivia - LPB), Universidad Mayorde San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia. 2 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Climate change in the last decades has caused
a decline of pollinators affecting plant-pollinator interactions worldwide. When pollinators are
scarce, plants might change strategies into selfing and invest less resources into flower traits related to advertising (e.g., flower size) and reward(e.g., nectar). In this study we compare whether

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patterns of flower advertising, nectar production, sugar concentration and daily flower visitors
changed after 25 years in six populations of Nicotiana glauca in the dry valleys and Puna of La Pazcity (Bolivia). We hypothesize that changes in climate reduced the availability of pollinators during
the day, affecting the pollination and breeding
system of N. glauca. After 25 years, we resampled
six natural populations and measured flower morphology (corolla width, length, tube length), nectar
volume, sugar concentration, and observed flower
visitors three times per day. We expect to find lesspollinator visitation rate and a decrease in flower
size and nectar volume in the current populations
compared to those collected 25 years ago. Additionally, we estimate the degree of dependenceof pollinator of N. glauca measuring the capacityof produce fruits without pollination and measuring the anther-stigma distance. If pollinator visits
are reduced, we expect to find indication of selfing (short anther-stigma distances to facilitate
self-fertilization) as a strategy to cope with stressful conditions. Preliminary results show that patterns of pollinators and nectar production are very
similar to those found 25 years. Nectar volume
varies during the day decreasing in volume andsugar concentration at the end of the day. The
main visitors are Xilocopa sp., Apis mellifera (bothrobbers), and hummingbirds C. coruscansa andA. chiniogaster as legitimate pollinators. However, a lot of variation was observed between populations and whether the degree of compatibility
within populations relates with the pollinator visitation rate and flower traits remains to be tested.

P.0546 Towards sustainableagriculture: unravellingthe complex interplay oflandscape, pollinators, andcrop quality in rapeseedcrops
Pablo Neira1,2, Meanie Morales1,2, Sergi
Munné-Bosch1,2, José M Blanco-Moreno1,2,
F. Xavier Sans1,2.
1 Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i
Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona,
Barcelona, Spain.

Agricultural intensification, which alters landscapestructure and composition, influences pollinatorabundance, and in consequence impacts the service of pollination. This service maintains biodiversity and ensures food security. Our study examines
the effects of pollinator visitation rate (wild bees
and honeybees) and three landscape features—
crop diversity (eRg), percentage of semi-natural habitats (SNH), and Mean Field Size (MFS)—on
pollination efficiency across twenty-two rapeseed fields scattered in arable-dominated landscapes differing in eRg, MSF and SNH. In each field,
we assessed insect pollination and set up a pollinator-exclusion experiment to disentangle theireffects on rapeseeds quantity (number of seeds
per pod and seed weight) and quality (oil content,
vitamin E, and pigments) in different landscapes.
Multi-model inference emphasizes the distinct
impact of agricultural landscape and of pollinatorvisitation rate on seed quantity and quality. eRg
and the pollinator visitation rate, play pivotal roles
for both crop production parameters. Discrepancies between plants with and without pollinator-exclusion experiment are evident, particularly
in quantity parameters, oil content, γ-tocopherollevels, and seed pigment contents, underscoring
the positive influence of pollinators on seed production. Other quality parameter, total vitamin E,
respond significantly to landscape variables. They
increase with eRg and decrease with MFS and SNH
and unaffected by exclusion treatments. In summary, landscapes with diverse crops with highpollinator visitation rates, enhance seed quantityand quality, reflected in quantity parameters, oilcontent and γ-tocopherol levels. Meanwhile, total vitamin E levels only correlate positively withcrop diversity. These findings guide actions to enhance plant-pollinator interactions through thelandscape, propose improved agro-landscapeschemes and fostered interdisciplinary studies onlandscape-insect-crop interactions.
Burjassot, Spain. Contact: mahonmar@alumni.uv.es 2 Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y
Biología Evolutiva (ICBiBE) – Departamento de
Botánica y Geología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain. 3 Departamento de Micología, RealJardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 4 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.

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S.064. FLORAL POLYMORPHISMS AS A
RESEARCH TARGET FOR NATURAL SELECTION
P.0547 Stylar polymorphism
and the incompatibility
system are maintained
across ploidy levels of theLinum suffruticosum s.l.
complexfive cytotypes. In addition, pollen flow among cytotypes appears to be possible since there is an overlap between reciprocal sexual organs and pollen
tubes reaching the bottom of the style in inter-cytotype crosses. This study highlights the importanceof ecological and genetic mechanisms in shaping
the diversity of reproductive traits in L. suffruticosums.l. and the importance of further studies integrating genome size, breeding system and phylogenetic
analyses to unravel the evolutionary scenarios thathave occurred in L. suffruticosum s.l.

Ana Afonso1, Juan Arroyo2, João Loureiro1,
Mariana Castro1, Catarina Siopa1, Sílvia
Castro1
1 Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, Universityof Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 2 Departamento de
Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla,
Sevilla, Spain.
Whole genome duplications (WGDs) may significantly affect the arrangement of sexual organs
in flowers and associated traits and are known to
break reproductive self-incompatibility mechanisms, allowing selfing in polyploids and counteracting the minority cytotype exclusion. Additionally,changes in reproductive traits will be particularly
relevant in polyploid species with complex breeding systems, such as heterostyly, a polymorphism
which promotes outcrossing and reduces sexual
self-interference in hermaphroditic flowers. Recently, we found a remarkable cytogenetic diversity in
Linum suffruticosum s.l., a distylous polyploid complex (diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, octoploids
and decaploids) from a genus with about 40% of
heterostylous species. Here, we used L. suffruticosum as study system for exploring the variation inheterostylous reproductive traits after WGDs. Morphfrequencies were recorded, and the sexual organs
were measured in flowers obtained from populations representing each of the five cytotypes. Experimental crosses within cytotypes (selfing and intra- and inter-morph crosses) and crosses between
diploids and tetraploids from a parapatric contact
zone were performed. Results showed strong selfand within-morph-incompatibility, and most populations showed isoplethy with no correlation between population size and deviations in style-morph
proportions. Thus, no breakdown of the distyly andincompatibility system was detected across theP.0548 Comparative floral
anatomy and evolutionof species of Clusia sect.
Cordylandra and sect.
Phloianthera with similar
unusual androe
Ana Cláudia Alencar1, José Elvino
Nascimento-Jr.1, Volker Bittrich2, Diego
Demarco3, Maria do Carmo E. Amaral2
1 Department of Natural Science, Federal Universityof São João del Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil. 2 Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas,
Campinas, Brazil. 3 Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
The sections Cordylandra and Phloianthera (Clusia L., Clusiaceae) are both known for some time tobe monophyletic, but their relationship and internal
phylogeny is poorly known. The species of both sections are dioecious. The flowers offer resin from stamens or staminodes for pollinators, exclusively so insect. Cordylandra, additionally pollen in male flowersof some species of sect. Phloianthera. Species with asimilar unusual androecium morphology, disciform
or conical-crateriform, occur in both sections, leadingsome authors to treat Cordylandra and Phloianthera
as a single section. The resemblance raises questions regarding the adaptive value of such androecia
and the floral evolution within the genus Clusia. We
investigated morphological and anatomical flower characters of both sections to look for similarities
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androecium and the stigma from both sections werestudied. We observed that the very unusual androecia
in Cordylandra and Phloianthera, although morphologically similar, are anatomically distinct. Based on a
new molecular phylogeny, five morphological characters of the androecium of two species of each section
were used for the reconstruction of ancestral character states. Species from Cordylandra and Phloianthera with a disciform androecium were the first to
diverge within each clade. As the phylogeny suggests
a sister-group relationship of both sections, this kind of
androecium is possibly of shared evolutionary origin.
On the other hand, species from these sections withconical-crateriform androecium are more derived,
surprisingly suggesting an independent evolution ofthis very unusual morphology. A possible advantage
could be the enlargement of the surface, important
for attracting pollinating bees. However, there exists
an important difference in these androecia, as in sect.
Cordylandra the whole surface offers a resin-pollen ixture, but in sect. Phloianthera the upper part offers only
pollen, as resin secretion is restricted to the base.

P.0549 Effect of ovary
locule number on seedproduction and predationin populations of Cistus
ladanifer L. (cistaceae) in
the Madrid region, Spainulation, two branches per individual and five fruits
per branch (500 fruits in total). We observed that the
number of ovary locules did not influence the potential quantity of seeds yielded by each fruit or the
rates of insect predation. Instead, the potential seedproduction by the fruit was mainly correlated with
the number of seeds per ovary locule. The variability
in the number of seeds dispersed per fruit among
populations was solely determined by the pre-dispersal predation rate, remaining unaffected by boththe number of seeds produced or the number of locules in the fruit. These findings suggest that variation in locule count is not subject to either positiveor negative selection, as there appears to be noadvantage or disadvantage in terms of seed yield
saved from insect predation.

P.0550 Variation in
reproductive traits among
three Thymus species
exhibiting gynodioecy
José Carlos del Valle1, David DoblasPruvost1, Francisco Javier Jiménez-López2,
Javier López-Tirado3, Diego NietoLugilde3, María Ángeles Ortiz-Herrera1,
Regina Berjano1
1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 2 Departamento
de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. 3
Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología
Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.

Yoel Aroca-Martínez1, Diana ZugastiHervás1, Marcos Moreno-Rabadán1, María
D. Jiménez1, Juan A. Delgado1
1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain.
There is a great variation in the number of ovary locules per flower in Cistus ladanifer L. Cistaceae. In fact,
this variation takes place not only among populations, but also between individuals and even within
individuals. In this study we assess the variation in
the number of locules of the ovary in this Mediterranean woody plant which is an obligate seeder with astrong dependence upon seeds available in the soilbank for post-fire seedling establishment. Our aim
is to assess the variation in the number of ovary locules, seed production and seed pre-dispersal predation at population, individual and intraindividuallevels in five localities in the Madrid Region (Central
Spain). Sampling followed a hierarchical pattern,with random selection of ten individuals per pop-

Species of thymes have evolved a mating system
in which selfing hermaphrodites and females coexist. Whereas hermaphroditism promotes mate diversity, females are obligate outcrossers that only
contribute to the next generation through ovules.
In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated that female flowers are generally less attractive
to pollinators compared to hermaphroditic ones.
Hence, the percentage of female plants relative tohermaphrodites plays a key role in genetic diversity, population structure, and species distribution. In
addition, both the ability to self-crossing and pollen
or pollinator limitation interact to shape outcrossing rates and, therefore, genetic variability. We focused on the Thymus Sect. Mastichina composedby three taxa: T. albicans is native to the southern
Iberian Peninsula and share a significant portion of
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tichina subsp. donyanae, while T. mastichina subsp.
mastichina has a broader distribution range thatspans the entire Iberian Peninsula. We analyzed thefloral morphology in 41 populations of these threetaxa to evaluate differences in floral morphology
both within and among species, and specially between sex morphs. We also examined each species’
sex ratios, selfing rates and seed set to discern putative correlation patterns between the frequencyof sex ratio and reproductive success. In sympatric populations, we also studied putative episodesof hybridization among these three closely related
taxa. For this purpose, we examined those individuals with an intermediate morphology between thetwo sympatric species. Additionally, morphologicaldifferences were concurrently investigated alongside with genomic sequencing approaches (HybSeq), as well as we analyzed the biotic interactions
with pollinators and florivores. Our study attempts toshed light on how interdependent traits, such as theabundance of female plants, may influence the fitness and long-term persistence of a species.

sizes. Larger flowers were associated with a significant increase in nectar production and a higher frequency of pollinator visits. We found an increase infitness in individuals with large flowers when pollination was mediated by insects while they produced
fewer seeds when grown in pollinator exclusion. In
contrast, individuals with small flowers showed nodifferences in fitness between self and cross-pollination. Our results suggest the existence of variationin mating preferences within this population, associated with differences in flower size and differencesin nectar production. These contrasting patterns ofpollination may influence the genetic structure ofthis population whose individuals could be following divergent evolutionary trajectories as a consequence of the accumulation of genetic differences.

P.0552 A range-wide flower
color polymorphism driven
by soil and climatic factors
Kathleen M. Kay1, Dena L. Grossenbacher2

P.0551 Divergence in floral
phenotype and mating
preferences within aself-compatible species
population

1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of California, Santa Cruz, USA. 2 Department of Biology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA.

Celia Vaca-Benito1, Camilo Ferrón2,
A. Jesús Muñoz Pajares1, Mohamed
Abdelaziz1, Ana García-Muñoz1
1 University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 2 University Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Phenotypic variation is the substrate for the actionof natural selection, so it is not surprising to find differences in morphology and even in mating patterns among the individuals of a single population.
Since pollinators are closely associated with floral
phenotypes and reproductive strategies in flowering plants, they are important selective agents responsible for the gene flow within populations andthe maintenance of such diversity. We observed astrong inter-individual variation in a wild populationof Erysimum repandum after two years of phenotypic measurements and fitness estimation in taggedindividuals. Although this species is described as a
Brasicaceae species showing the common traits ofselfing syndrome, we found a wide range of flower size from small to large flowers with intermediate

The maintenance of polymorphism in fitness-associated traits is an enduring puzzle in evolutionary
biology. Variation in flower color, a visible and often
genetically simple phenotype, has played an outsized role in evolutionary biology yet remains perplexing. Floral pigments like anthocyanins are wellknown to influence pollinator attraction. However,they may also confer tolerance to abiotic stressors
such as harsh soils, extreme temperatures, low precipitation, or ultraviolet radiation. In such cases, environmental variation in abiotic stressors over spaceor time could lead to the maintenance of flower color variation within species. We predict flower color
frequencies in natural populations respond to interactive effects of multiple environmental stressors;
however, the effects of individual abiotic factors areoften investigated in isolation. Using a comparative
approach, we test whether multiple abiotic variables
predict flower color in Leptosiphon parviflorus (Polemoniaceae), a species with pink and white flower
color morphs determined by a single genetic locus.
We use > 1,000 community scientist-powered iNaturalist observations and in-depth field studies to assess morph frequency, soil chemistry, and climate.
For iNaturalist observations across the geographic
range of L. parviflorus, we find the probability of flow-293

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ers being pink is greater in locations with serpentine-derived soil, especially when local annual temperatures are higher, precipitation is lower, and UV
radiation is higher. Moreover, across 21 field sites wefind a higher frequency of pink morphs in sites with
low Ca:Mg ratios and high concentrations of nickel
and cobalt (i.e., serpentine soil), higher annual temperatures, and lower precipitation. In combination
with prior work on L. parviflorus showing pink-flowered plants have an advantage in dry years, we conclude that spatial variation in climate and soils andtemporal variation in precipitation contributes to themaintenance of flower color polymorphism acrossthe range of L. parviflorus, likely through pleiotropic
effects on earlier life stages.

P.0553 Molecular basis andpopulation genetics of petal
loss in Capsella bursapastoris (Brassicaceae)

C. orientalis- and C. rubella/grandiflora-descending
subgenomes’ Chr1 and one in Chr4 of C. orientalis
origin; it suggests that distortion of a single homeolog is enough for the phenotype emergence. Thismight be due to ortholog subfunctionalization or topseudogenization of responsible genes’ homeologs.
Hence, petal loss in C. bursa-pastoris is a uniquesystem for studying both genome evolution in polyploids and morphological evolution in Brassicaceae.
Acknowledgments: This study was supported by RSF
project Nº 21-74-20145.

P.0554 The unique SI typein heterostylous Linum
pubescens as a starting
point in understanding
evolutionary aspect in thegenus Linum
Hanna Levchuk1, Michael Lenhard1

Sofya D. Koblova1, Maria D. Logacheva1,
Anna V. Klepikova1, Aleksey A. Penin1
1 Laboratory of Plant Genomics, IITP RAS, Moscow,
Russia.
We studied petal loss in a young tetraploid speciesof hybrid origin, Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae). This family is renowned for its floral structurestability, yet some genera show alterations from thecommon bauplan that mostly include petal andstamen number deviations, arguably displaying
an evolutionary trend for corolla reduction. Within
C. bursa-pastoris, multiple geographically isolated
accessions share the same Lepidium-like (lel) phenotype, characterized by petal loss (1). We inferred
the population structure from over 60 accessions,tree topology largely matched previous reports
and clade structure correlated with accession geography. All of the investigated apetalous isolates
belonged to the European group of accessions.
Lepidium-like lines did not form a single clade; thisassumes that their occurrence is not due to recent
dispersal of a single successful accession but rather
emerged independently or is due to retained ancestral polymorphism. We focused on one of thepetal-loss accessions, lel4-msk, for further genetic
analysis. Identified associated genomic regions did
not contain any known petal development factors
and were independent from genes involved in the
decandric phenotype (2). A total of four candidateloci were identified, three in non-syntenic regions of

1 Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of
Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Heterostyly is the phenomenon where a populationconsists of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) types offlowers differing in the height of pistils and stamens.
In such populations it is often virtually impossible
to obtain seeds from self-pollination, suggestingthat there is a mechanism preventing the formation of viable seeds from such pollination to prevent inbreed depression. This phenomenon is called
self-incompatibility (SI). Later it was established that
distyly is controlled by a specific region (S locus),
which includes several genes that are inherited ina linked manner and control the manifestation ofheterostyly and self-incompatibility. A particularlyinteresting taxon for understanding the evolutionary
process of heterostyly and self-incompatibility is thegenus Linum, among whose representatives there
are both self-compatible homostylous species andself-incompatible species with different types ofheterostyly: distyly and style-height dimorphism. We
found that one of the Linum species, L. pubescens is
in fact a tristylous species. In addition, according todivergence time analysis this species is one of theoldest and may be the source species of the genus
Linum. To confirm the tristyly nature of this species,
all variants of intraspecific crosses were performed
and it was found that this species is SI, as in all variants of self-pollination no seeds were obtained andeven pollen tube growth was not observed. In in-

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tramorph crosses involving L and S morphs, complete SI was also observed, but if at least one of theparents was an M-morph, seeds were formed but
were not viable. A similar picture was observed in intermorph crosses, but in legitimate pollination, fully
viable seeds were formed. Thus, continued researchon this species will allow us to understand the evolutionary processes occurring in the population ofheterostylous species.

P.0555 Flower colour
dimorphism in Anemone
palmata
N.L. Rodríguez-Castañeda1, M.L. Buide2, M.
Arista1, E. Narbona2, P.L. Ortiz1
1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología,
Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología Moleculare Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
Flower colour polymorphisms are infrequent yet
prevalent across angiosperms, and their persistence might be attributed to various formsof balancing selection mechanisms. Anemone
palmata predominantly exhibits plants with yellow flowers, while populations with coexisting
white-flowered plants have also been observed.
The distribution of A. palmata morphs was studied throughout its geographical range. We also
carried out a characterisation of their colours asperceived by their main pollinators and determined which pigments are responsible for them.
Furthermore, we compared the morphs in termsof their vegetative and sexual reproductive traits,
pollinator attention and fitness. We found that A.
palmata is widespread throughout the western
Mediterranean region, but white-flowered plants
were only recorded in populations in Portugal andSW Spain, where they occurred at low frequencies. Yellow flowers had a characteristic UV pattern, with the centre absorbing UV and the periphery reflecting it, whereas the white morph had nosuch pattern. Carotenoids were only present in theyellow flowers and were responsible for this colouration, whereas UV absorbing flavonoids were
present in both morphs and were responsible for
the UV bullseye pattern. We show that flower colour traits allow both morphs to be discriminatedby their pollinators, even though both morphs are
similar in other attraction-related traits. Pollinators, mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera, generally

preferred the yellow morph, but there was a partitioning of insect groups between the two colour
morphs and a marked constancy in flower colour
during their visits. Clonal propagation and sexual
reproduction coexisted in both morphs, although
the white morph had lower female fitness. The
maintenance of this polymorphism, despite thelower pollinator visitation rate and female fitnessof white-flowered plants, could be attributed tothe mechanisms of pollinator partitioning and colour constancy of pollinators. In addition, the clonal propagation of white-flowered plants may further facilitate this phenomenon.

P.0556 Transitions frommonomorphism todimorphism in mirrorimage flowers: A theoretical
approach
Marco Saltini1, Spencer C.H. Barrett2, Eva E.
Deinum1
1 Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Plant Science Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen,
The Netherlands. 2 Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada.
Enantiostyly is a type of floral asymmetry in which
the styles of flower are either deflected to the left or
right side of the floral axis (mirror-image flowers).
Phylogenetic evidence indicates that in several
monocotyledonous lineages, dimorphic enantiostyly (all flowers of a plant have the same styleorientation) has evolved from monomorphic enantiostyly (flowers within a plant have both stylar
orientations). Here, we use a modelling approachbased on adaptive dynamics to study the emergence of dimorphism in a population of plants
with monomorphic enantiostyly under gradualevolution. Our results indicate that, depending on
the balance between inbreeding depression following geitonogamy, pollination efficiency, size ofthe daily floral display, and plant density, dimorphism can evolve from an initial, monomorphic
population. In general, the newly-emergent dimorphic population is stable against invasion ofa monomorphic mutant. However, our model predicts that under certain environmental conditions,e.g., a decline of pollinators or scarcity of resources, dimorphic enantiostyly may revert to a monomorphic state.

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P.0557 The length andfrequency of quantitativefloral spur governs
assortative mating in a
Aquilegia species
Mingliu Yang1, Spencer C. H. Barrett2, ZhiQiang Zhang1
1 Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming,
Yunnan, China. 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada.
The influence of floral traits on nonrandom mating
within a population has been extensively exploredin previous studies. Despite most of floral traits vary
continuously and are usually distributed unimodally
within a natural population, whether and how thesequantitative floral traits affect mating remains unclear. Here, we investigate mating patterns in a natural population of Aquilegia rockii, a self-compatible
insect-pollinated herb with quantitative variation inspur length. We employed a combination of pollinator observation, manipulated pollination, andmark-based paternity analyses to assess the effects of spur length and flower quantity per planton the mating system and reproductive success.
Our findings indicate that both spur length and its
frequency within the population positively influence
outcrossing opportunities, siring diversity, and pollen
dispersal distance. Moreover, a significant positive
assortative mating was observed, regardless of selfing events. Our results suggested that even limited
natural variation in quantitative floral traits can leadto nonrandom mating in natural populations. This
study holds significant implications for understanding the maintenance of floral phenotype throughstabilizing selection.

S.065. FLORAL SPECIALIZATION AND THE
GENERALISED NATURE OF POLLINATIONINTERACTIONS
P.0558 Evaluation of plantpollinator interactions in theBrazilian Atlantic Forest
Sara S. Domingos1, Nícolas A. P. Ricci 2,
Larissa de O. Leite3, Marina Wolowski4,
Leandro Freitas5, Kayna Agostini1
1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, Brazil. 2 Colégio Objetivo, Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, Brazil.
3 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas,
Brazil. 4 Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas,
Brazil. 5 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do
Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the most diverse forests in regions with a humid tropical climate, however it is one of the most threatened
ecosystems in the world, due to the deforestation
process. Given the current global biodiversity crisis, plant-pollinator interactions are fundamental
to ecosystem regulation and maintenance. Here,we conducted a data survey of plant-pollinatorinteractions in the Atlantic Forest, adopting biodi-

versity data standards. A systematic review of theliterature was carried out on the Web of Science,
Dimensions and SciElo platforms, up to September 2023, resulting in 317 references, of which 265
have been compiled to date. The interaction database standard of the Brazilian Plant-PollinatorInteractions Network (REBIPP) was used to compile
each interaction (http://db.rebipp.org.br/). We recorded 1,595 plant species interacting with 1,507
animal species, totaling 9,010 interactions. Amongthe 135 botanical families sampled, Bromeliaceae(14.4%), Fabaceae (8.7%) and Asteraceae (7.8%)
had the highest number of species. The animals
were divided into 39 functional groups, with bees
(46.6%), butterflies (12.8%) and wasps (7%) being
the most diverse and with the highest number of
established interactions. This reinforces patterns
found for local works in the Atlantic Forest but also
demonstrates the diversity of less frequent groups(e.g., bat) and a high diversity of pollinator species. This data will be included in the REBIPP database and can be used by policymakers to support
actions and strategies for the conservation of theBrazilian Atlantic Forest.

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P.0559 Pollination ofsteady-state blooming
Centropogon granulosus(Campanulaceae:
Lobelioidae) by the
traplining Buff-tailed
Sicklebill

Buff-tailed Sicklebill visits to C. granulosus over thecourse of >1800 hours of monitoring effort, indicating traplining behaviour. As predicted by its floral
morphology, C. granulosus is exclusively pollinatedby Buff-tailed Sicklebill. We also present preliminary
evidence for the congruence between phenological type and hummingbird foraging behaviour as adriver of specialization in this mega-diverse clade ofAndean bellflowers.

Mannfred M. A. Boehm1, David GuevaraApaza2, Jill E. Jankowski3, Quentin C. B.
Cronk1
1 Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchCentre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada. 2 Facultad de Ciencias
Biológicas, Universidad San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru. 3 Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The Andean bellflowers (‘centropogonids’, Lobelioidae) comprise a highly diverse recent radiation,
mediated in part by the evolution of different pollination niches. Most remarkably of all, one diverse
clade has evolved with extremely curved flowers(‘eucentropogonids’) and these species are predicted to be pollinated exclusively by one of twoparapatric species of Sicklebill hummingbirds (Eutoxeres). Whereas pollination by the northernmost
species (White-tipped Sicklebill, E. aquila) is relatively well-documented, very little is known about
its southern congener, Buff-tailed Sicklebill (E. condamini). In this study we focused on the floral biology of Centropogon granulosus C.Presl, a eucentropogonid thought to be pollinated by Buff-tailed
Sicklebill in the southern portion of its range. Using
camera traps and a pollination exclusion experiment, we determined the visitors to C. granulosus,
and the effect of hummingbird-exclusion on fruit
development. Because phenological types may
also mediate floral specialization, we quantified anthesis rates in the context of pollinator behaviour.
We confirm that Buff-tailed Sicklebill is a visitor to C.
granulosus, and that visitation is necessary for fruit
development. Buff-tailed Sicklebill was the only legitimate pollinator during this study, supporting thenotion that C. granulosus has a highly specialized
pollination biology mediated by floral curvature.
We quantified anthesis rates and found variation
spanning one flower per 1.88 to 7.22 days. Flowering
rates were unequivocally linear and conformed tothe ‘steady state’ phenological type. We recorded 12

P.0560 Evolution of thepollination system andfloral signalling in nocturnal
flowers of the Cereeae tribe(Cactaceae)
Sinzinando Albuquerque-Lima1,2, Daniela
C. Zappi3, Nigel P. Taylor4, Isabel C.
Machado1
1 Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 2
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Kunming, China. 3 University of Brasília,Brasilia, Brazil. 4 Federal University of São Carlos,
Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cactaceae species with nocturnal anthesis belong to a group that has a close relationship with
pollination by bats and hawkmoths. This family includes species that exhibit a wide range of morphological and floral cues, allowing interaction
with different pollinators. In addition to differencesin flower morphology, cacti have unique characteristics such as spine-covered branches and, insome cases, they have a structure called cephalium from which the flowers emerge. With this distinct pattern, these structures can influence interactions with pollinators. Another factor that can
influence pollination relationships within species
is genetic factors such as hybridisation. Based onthese assumptions, Cereeae proved to be an excellent model to understand questions related tothe evolution of nocturnal pollination in the family
and the role of environmental and genetic factors
in the relationship between cacti and pollinators.
Using multiple approaches and field collections
in eastern Brazil, we present unprecedented datathat provide a leap forward in understanding thebiology and ecology of pollination in Cactaceae.
We investigate the pollination system of the species of the tribe, with emphasis on chiropterophily,
from a floral morphological perspective. We founda strong similarity in the morphology of the species

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and confirmed with field observations for the firsttime pollination by bats in 14 taxa. We also investigated a case of natural hybridisation, where wefound that the flowers of the hybrids are intermediate and the signalling compounds may remain
the same as those of the parents, but may also
show new traits. From an olfactory cue’s perspective, we investigated how olfactory signalling canvary between different taxa within the tribe, fromcomplete absence to a floral bouquet dominatedsolely by sulphur compounds. Considering the roleof the cephalium in cacti, we found an interesting
pattern of cephalium orientation in different species of nocturnal and diurnal cacti.

P.0561 A novel case of ant
pollination in Synedrellopsis
grisebachii (Asteraceae),
a ruderal plant with very
inconspicuous flowers

success as indicated by fruit set. Minute ants are theonly regular floral visitors and appear more interested in pistillate than bisexual florets, matching withthe presence of nectaries only in pistillate florets.
These results integratively corroborate that S. grisebachii is primarily or exclusively pollinated by ants,
representing a novel and rare case of myrmecophily. Further studies of this common but mostly overlooked weedy species are under way. The present
study serves as an example and a reminder of thebiological discoveries that can be made in typicalurban ecosystems.

P.0562 Bridging boundaries:
the enduring harmony
between plants andpollinators defies isolationand geographical distanceon tropical mountains
Yasmine Antonini1, Cristiane Martins1,
Fernanda Vieira da Costa2, Marina do
Vale Beirão3, Rosana Maria Pereira Rocha1

Pedro Q. Dantas1, Volker Bittrich1, Maria do
Carmo E. Amaral1
1 Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Synedrellopsis grisebachii Hieron. & Kuntze is a common ruderal species in urban ecosystems in the cityof Campinas, southeast Brazil. The species has small
capitula protected by two foliaceous involucral
bracts. Each very inconspicuous capitulum comprises four minuscules florets: a pair of pistillate florets and a pair of bisexual florets. Their corolla tube
measures approximately 2 mm long. Due to the minuteness of its flowers and its creeping habit, flowering individuals are easily overlooked. Despite being
common and flowering year-round, the reproductive biology of S. grisebachii is poorly known. The
present study aims to understand the reproductive
system and pollination of S. grisebachii. In our investigation, we inferred the breeding system throughthe pollen-ovule ratio analysis. Additionally, we conducted experiments to evaluate the influence of floral visitors on the reproductive success. Furthermore,
we photographed S. grisebachii possible pollinatorsand studied the floral anatomy of the distinct florets.
We observed that floral nectaries are present only inpistillate flowers. Our results show that S. grisebachii
pollen-ovule ratio is not one of a typical obligate autogamous species. Plants to which floral visitors hadunrestricted access present greater reproductive

1 Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Departamento
de Biologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da
Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais,
Brazil. 2 Departamento de Ecologia da Universidade Federal de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil. 3
Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento
de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução da Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Ecological communities consist of species thatare joined in complex networks of interspecific interaction. These interactions often form and dissolve rapidly, but this temporal variation needs tobe better integrated into our understanding. Oneof these causes could be habitat isolation andacross isolated mountaintops, several biotic andabiotic factors influence community assemblagesof interacting species, leading to a shift in species
distribution, functioning, and, ultimately, topologies of species interaction networks. However,
empirical studies of distance-driven plant-pollinator networks in mountain tops are rare, particularly in tropical ecosystems. Here, we use anempirical plant-pollinator system to examine thespatial distribution of plant communities and theinteraction with the potential pollinators in threetropical mountaintops, in Brazil. To this end, we
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the structure of interaction networks, the beta diversity of plant communities, pollinators, and thebeta diversity of plant-pollinator interactions. We
expect plant communities to show more significant dissimilarity in species composition between
areas than communities of flower-visiting insects.
The turnover component will be mainly responsible for the beta diversity of communities and interactions. In addition, we expect to find modular
and specialized networks and no variation in the
structure of the interaction networks between the
different mountain tops. We found that the dissimilarity of plant communities is more significant
than the dissimilarity of insect communities, thatturnover is the component responsible for suchdissimilarity, and that there are no significant differences in the beta diversity of interactions. We
also found that the interaction networks are constant in space, with highly modular topologies andlittle nesting, with considerable specialization, andwith insects more robust to extinction. In addition,
we showed a high diversity of insects associatedwith the flowers, with bees being the primary pollinators, followed by ants and flies.

to vital pollinators. In particular, the scent and UV
patterning of four commercially important V. fabalines is explored using a combination of analytical,
molecular genetic and behavioural ecology techniques. The effect of these traits on the behaviour
and visitation rates of bumblebees (the main pollinator ofV. faba) was observed both in lab conditions
as well as out in the field. Additionally, this project
investigated the impact of flower-rich margins onyield; whether margins attract more pollinators andgenerally increase the pollinator populations in thearea or whether they actually distract pollinators
away from the crop.

P.0563. Optimising thepollination of Vicia faba

1 Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst
Road, Ascot, UK. (xiao.zhang22@imperial.ac.uk)
2 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South
Kensington, London, UK, *a.araujo@nhm.ac.uk, **n.
brummitt@nhm.ac.uk.

Charlotte Apsey1, Beverley J. Glover1
1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
Vicia faba is a legume crop grown across the world
for both animal feed and human consumption andis hugely important within food security due to its
high protein content. Optimising its yield is thereforeof particular interest. Focussing on floral traits to attract more pollinators demonstrates great potential to improve yield while also increasing biodiversity. Insect pollinators are invaluable in agriculture,
however populations worldwide are declining at an
alarming rate. This decline is predicted to have detrimental effects, not only on agriculture but also on
food security and human health. Farmers are being
encouraged to use techniques to promote pollinators and provide greater resources to them, suchas growing wildflower margins around their crops.
Mass flowering crops like V. faba hold huge potential
to aid in slowing this decline as they are significant
nectar sources for foraging insects in agriculturallandscapes. This project aims to identify breedingtargets to enhance pollination ofVicia fabawhile
also increasing the support this crop can provide

P.0564 Traditional
pollination syndrome: themost important plants
morphological traits forpredicting pollinators.
Xiao Zhang1, Ana Claudia Araújo2,*, Neil A.
Brummitt2,**

Traditional pollination syndromes are widely referred
when predicting pollinators, but its validity havebeen often questioned. Identifying the pollinators of
the plant species can help to infer their potential extinction, as threatened plant species may affect thesurvival of their pollinators, and vice versa. Therefore,
it is valuable to systematically test the traditional
pollination syndromes and find the most important
plant traits in predicting pollinators. In this study traditional pollination syndromes information, extracted from published empirical studies, was comprised
into a validation dataset, ordination to visualise
and compare the syndromes and indicator species
analysis (ISA) to detect the deterministic traits forprediction was applied. Based on the most relevant
traits validated, the second step was to construct a
dataset with such traits for randomly selected plant
species listed from Chinese and North America online floras. The morphological traits were collectedby machine learning (ML) process from taxonomic
descriptions, complemented by manual searching. The species evaluated presenting comparable
traits were grouped using hierarchical clustering.
Ordination of the validation dataset showed some-299

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what different but overlapped groups of syndromes,
not supporting a clean-cut of traditional pollination
syndromes. Yet, ISA showed that flower colour andshape are informative traits for predicting pollinators. Morphological traits have the potential to be
the main indicators of pollination syndromes.

P.0565 Flowering synchrony
modulates pollinator
sharing and places
plant individuals along acompetition–facilitation
continuum
Blanca Arroyo-Correa1, Ignasi Bartomeus1,
Pedro Jordano1,2
1 Dept. Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica deDoñana, Sevilla, Spain. 2 Dept. Biología Vegetal y
Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
Indirect interactions among species within ecological communities govern ecological and evolutionary processes as much as, or even more, thandirect effects. In insect-pollinated plant communities, indirect interactions between plants can be
mediated by shared pollinators, and may influenceplant fitness, population growth and community
structure. As individuals are the entities actuallyinteracting in nature, rather than species, downscaling from species to individuals is essential tounderstand the underlying processes promoting
these indirect interactions. We combined empirical data on plant–pollinator interactions collectedin Mediterranean shrublands with a novel modelling framework to assess how the patterns ofheterospecific and conspecific pollinator sharing
between plant individuals are generated and theirfitness implications. We found that the effects offlowering synchrony on pollinator sharing amongconspecific and heterospecific plant individuals
outperformed those of spatial distance. Our results
revealed that plant individuals that shared morepollinators with conspecifics were also involvedin a higher pollinator sharing with heterospecifics.
For most plant species, the sharing of pollinatorspecies between heterospecific plant individuals
produced positive mean fitness outcomes, as longas plants did not share many pollinator interactions, which had negative effects on their fitness.
At the level of plant individuals, we found that spe-cific combinations of conspecific and heterospecific pollinator sharing lead to distinct reproductive outcomes that placed each individual along
a competition–facilitation continuum. Interestingly, most plant species included a higher proportion of individuals likely experiencing competition
compared to those potentially involved in facilitation processes. Our contribution provides novel
insights into the factors responsible for local-scale
indirect interactions within communities and theirindividual-level functional consequences. Such
intricate patterns of indirect interactions havefar-reaching implications, as the transitions ofplant individuals along competitive or facilitative
processes mediated by shared mutualists may
contribute significantly to the functioning and coexistence of ecological communities.

P.0566 A case of study
on the pollination
ecology and reproductive
biology of Masdevallia
striatella (Orchidaceae:
Pleurothallidinae)
Noelia Belfort-Oconitrillo1,2, Melania
Fernández1, Diego Bogarín1, Alfredo
Cascante3, Adam P. Karremans1
1 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa
Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. 2 Orchid Conservation
Project, Bosque de Paz Biological Reserve, Bajos delToro, Alajuela, Costa Rica. 3 Escuela de Biología,
Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Studying pollination and reproductive strategies in
Orchidaceae has been considered key to elucidating evolutionary processes and pollinators’ role in
the family’s diversification. Diptera interacts with thefamily’s most diverse subtribes, potentially pollinating >8000 orchid species. However, there are significant information gaps, especially in the Neotropicalregion. Pleurothallidinae is a fly-pollinated megadiverse subtribe, with Masdevallia as the third mostdiverse genus (>600 species). Little is known about
Masdevallia pollination, with scarce evidence of effective pollinaria removal, little documentation on
the diversity of secretory glands related to the pollination mechanism, and just a few studies addressing the type of reproductive system. Understanding
the pollination and reproductive ecology of Masdevallia species can contribute to a better under-300

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standing of evolutionary relationships in Pleurothallidinae and Diptera’s role in the group’s radiation. This
work focuses on Masdevallia striatella, an endemic
species from Costa Rica and western Panama. We
recorded various floral visitors distributed in threeclasses (Insecta, Arachnida, and Gastropoda) andseven orders of invertebrates, with Diptera being
the most abundant. However, effective pollinators
belong only to Lauxaniidae (Diptera), with at least
three species in the genera Poecilominettia and Xenochaetina. There is a wide variety of papillary andglandular trichomes and stomata on the perianthof M. striatella, with contents that vary between proteins, lipids, insoluble polysaccharides, and simple
sugars, with several possible sites for producing andreleasing functional volatile substances to attract
visitors and guide pollinators into the flower interior. In addition, this study evidences the presence ofnectar composed of glucose and fructose accumulating at the base of the lip, suggesting a myophilypollination syndrome. Finally, M. striatella is highly
self-compatible, although unable to self-fertilize autonomously, with some mechanisms that can prevent self-pollination.

P.0567 Temporal variationof floral traits in shaping
plant-pollinator interactionsin the southern Western
Ghats, India.

community-level plant-pollinator interactions arelittle studied. In an ongoing study in this region, weare examining how floral traits structure plant-pollinator interactions and whether this trait-pollinatorassociation changes over seasons.144 line transects(100*2m) covering a region of approximately 30 km2,
were laid in landscapes dominated by settlement,
agriculture, or forest to observe plant-pollinator interactions across seasons (pre and post-monsoon,
2023-24). 18 floral traits involved in visual attraction
and rewards, were recorded for flowers observedin the transect walks. Pollinator functional groups
observed, were ants, stingless bees, solitary bees,
carpenter bees, honeybees, beetles, butterflies, andbirds. 357 species of flowers were observed in the
pre-monsoon season, here the observations were
dominated by stingless bees and honeybees, accounting for 47% of total pollinator visits. Preliminary
analyses of a few floral traits (floral shape) revealed
that beetles visited trap-shaped flowers (4% of thetotal flower species in the study community) in a highproportion, directing specialized interactions. Stingless bees and honeybees visited most floral shapes,
except tubular and trap-shaped flowers, showing
some degree of generalization. Further analysis andseasonal comparison are currently underway.

P.0568 Pollination
syndromes in Passiflora L.
Laetitia Carrive1, Anaëlle Hulbert1, Paul
Simion1, Maxime Rome2

Sachin Bhaskar1, Manish R1, Ricarda
Scheiner2, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter3,
Hema Somanathan1

1 Université de Rennes, Rennes, France. 2 Université
Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.

1 School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. 2 Department of Behavioral Physiology
and Sociobiology, Biocenter, Universität Würzburg,
Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany. 3 Departmentof Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter,
Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
In recent decades, pollination research has shiftedfrom studies of single-species pollination to a community-level approach. Floral traits can shape thestructure of plant-pollinator interactions. Specifictraits like color, shape, size, symmetry, and resource
traits may be better suited to some pollinators thanothers, potentially structuring pollinator communities. The southern Western Ghats, India, is known
for high endemism and diversity of plants, though

Flower specialization to pollinators is thought tobe a key process in flower evolution, as it increases pollination efficiency. And when flowers evolveto the same type of pollinators, it seems that somefloral traits frequently change or appear together.
The concept of pollination syndromes was created to describe sets of traits associated to pollinator types (e.g., Bees and wasps, beetles, mammals,
hummingbirds, etc.). Pollination syndromes havebeen debated for a long time, but they might beuseful to understand plant natural history. Here we
study Passiflora (e.g., passion fruit species), where
switches of pollination syndromes might have occurred several times, and that has a great varietyof pollinators. The complex ecology of those tropicallianas and their peculiar flower morphology raises
many questions about their floral evolution. Phylogeny and classification in the genus Passiflora L. is still301

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somehow unstable, so anew phylogenetic framework was build using published sequences and pollination syndrome evolution was reconstructed withancestral states reconstruction first and charactercorrelations tests. We discuss the existing molecular
data and their phylogenetic power. Floral evolution
is discussed in the light of pollination knowledge andthe relevance of pollination syndromes is evaluatedfor this group. We state that passifloras are a good
tropical model for flower evolution in regard to pollinator interactions.

P.0569 A preliminary study
on reproductive ecology
and life history of Veratrumin Taiwan

er fly species; (2) Lepidoptera, including moths; and(3) Coleoptera, represented by ladybugs. After the
fruiting period in October, the plants gradually wither, disappearing above ground. The individuals survived through winter with underground bulbs, while
regrowth and budding typically happened aroundFebruary of the following year.

P.0570 The floral scentchemistry of Philodendron
cipoense (Araceae) ensures
diversity of pollinating
cyclocephaline beetles(Melolonthidae)
Pinheiro-Costa, B1,2, Maia, A.C.D3., Oliveira,R4., Schlindwein, C5.

Ssu-Han Chiu1, Jer-Ming Hu1, 2
1 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 2 NTU Herbarium, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Veratrum (Melanthiaceae) species are perennial
plants, many with medicinal properties, and there
are 25 accepted species predominantly distributed in the Northern Temperate regions. There are
two species found in Taiwan, Veratrum formosanum O.Loes. and V. shuehshanarum S.S.Ying, bothare endemic to the island and are primarily habitatin open grasslands in the Central Mountain Range
at 2,200-3,600 m and at the Datun Mountain at 800
to 1,100 m in northern Taiwan, displaying a northern
descent phenomenon. The most distinctive feature
between the two lies in the colour of their flowers. V.
formosanum displays purple flowers, while V. suehshanarum has light green ones, with a few intermediate forms observed. No reproductive or phylogenetic studies for the two taxa in Taiwan havebeen studied. Field observations were conductedfrom June 2022 to December 2023 at various localities in Taiwan. The results showed that the population of V. shuehshanarum is significantly fewer thanthat of V. formosanum. Four individuals of V. shuehshanarum in known localities were recorded in thefieldwork and from historical records. The flowering
period for both species occurs from mid to late Juneto mid-August, with fruiting occurring from late Julyto October. Flowering and fruiting in higher altitudes
are delayed by 2 weeks compared to Datun Mountain, likely influenced by temperature differences.
Pollinators of Veratrum are primarily members of(1) Diptera, such as Syrphidae, Tipuloidea, and oth-1 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 2 Centro
de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule,
Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Current address). 3 University of Corsica, Laboratory of
Sciences for the Environment, Ajaccio, France. 4 146
Tenente Vitorino street, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 5
Departamento de Botânica, Grupo Plebeia-Ecologia de Abelhas e da Polinização, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Highly specialized pollination interactions have been
documented in cantharophilous Araceae, where
only one or a few cyclocephaline beetle species are
effective pollinators, ensuring fruit set. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a crucial role in mediating these specialized mutualisms, as demonstrated by both field and laboratory-controlled
experiments. Given that selective attractiveness isachieved through single or simple combinationsof VOCs, a prominent hypothesis suggests that theemployment of ‘private communication channels’
may be widespread in aroid-cyclocephaline beetle interactions. These channels could be pivotal
for reproductive isolation, speciation, and the rapid
diversification of both plants and their pollinators.
We investigated the role of floral scent in attracting pollinators of Philodendron cipoense Sakur. &May, an endangered rupicolous species endemic
to the Espinhaço mountain range, in mid-eastern
Brazil. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of floral scent chemistry were conducted, followed byfield experiments to assess the attractiveness of key
scent compounds to potential pollinators. Chemical
analysis of floral scent samples revealed a perfume302

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predominantly composed of (Z)-jasmone, p-vinylanisole, and isojasmol, collectively comprising
97% of the mixture. The presence of a limited set ofmajor VOCs, despite overlapping with those of other cyclocephaline beetle-pollinated taxa, enables
P. cipoense to attract a diverse array of specialized
pollinators, including Cyclocephala atricapilla, C.
variolosa, Chalepides dilatatus, and Erioscelis sp.,
thereby ensuring pollination success for the species. In field experiments, we successfully attracted
both female and male specimens of Cyclocephalaatricapilla and C. celata to (Z)-jasmone. Our findings demonstrate that the floral scent of P. cipoense
plays a critical role as an olfactory cue for pollinator
attraction. The presence of a diverse range of pollinators is facilitated by the chemically convergent
scent and olfactory preferences of selected speciesof cyclocephaline beetles.

P.0571 Hawkmoth pollinationin the Afrotropics: frequency,
evolutionary patterns
and timeline of Darwin’s
famously predicted guildJoão Farminhão1,2,3, Géromine Collobert4,
Marie Savignac3, Simon Verlynde5, Brigitte
Ramandimbisoa6, Laura Azandi3,6, Nirina
Rajaonarivelo7, Benoît Perez-Lamarque4,
Arsela Todivelo7, Vincent Droissart3,6,8,9,Porter P. Lowry II4, Olivier Lachenaud3,10,
Florent Martos4, Tariq Stévart3,6,10
1 Jardim Botânico da Universidade de Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal. 2 Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Departamento
de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal. 3 Herbarium et Bibliothèquede Botanique africaine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 4 Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum nationald’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,
EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France. 5 New
York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, United States of America. 6 Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, St. Louis,
United States of America. 7 Ambatovy, Environment Department, Moramanga, Madagascar. 8
AMAP Lab, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France. 9 Plant Systematics andEcology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training
College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 10 Botanic Garden Meise, Meise, Belgium.

The world-renowned pollination system of the longspurred orchid Angraecum sesquipedale from
Madagascar and the long-tongued hawkmoth Xanthopan praedicta is the best-known example of thepredictive power of evolutionary ecology, yet the relative importance of coevolution and pollinator shifts
for the origin of the deepest nectar tubes is still debatable. Recently, an orchid in the genus Solenangis
bearing the longest spur of any flowering plant, relative to flower diametre, was discovered in Madagascar. In the aftermath of this exceptional discovery,
which expands Darwin’s famously predicted pollination guild, the frequency and phylogenetic diversityof sphingophily in the Afrotropics is comprehensively reviewed for the first time. Based on flower colour,
structure and depth, we identify 697 species in Tropical Africa and 320 species in Madagascar as presumably sphingophilous. The proportion of hawkmoth-pollinated species in the flora of Madagascar(2.9%) is almost double the one found in mainland
Tropical Africa (1.6%). By establishing a parallel between floral depth and proboscis length, we propose a new terminology for the different pollination
niches within sphingophily. Based on this overview,
we pinpoint some spatial patterns in hawkmoth
pollination and we present hypotheses to accountfor the apparent higher diversity of sphingophilous
plants in some habitats and bioregions in the Afrotropics. Additionally, a timeline of hawkmoth pollination evolution in the Afrotropics is presented.

P.0572 Classical and 3-D
pollination syndromes of
Aquilegia
Anna-Sophie Hawranek1, Maria vonBalthazar1, Gregor Traun1, Anne Le Maître1,
Marion Chartier1, Jürg Schönenberger1
1 University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Flowers in the genus Aquilegia are pentamerous with
two whorls of petaloid perianth organs. The organs
differ greatly in shape (flat vs. spurred) and, in most
species, also in colour. In Asia and Europe Aquilegia
flowers are mostly pollinated by bumblebees andbees, while in North America shifts to hummingbirds
and hawkmoths have occurred repeatedly. In earlier
studies, typical bee, hummingbird or hawkmoth syndromes have been described for different Aquilegia
species. However, as field observations have shown,
Aquilegia flowers are almost always visited by a number of different pollen and nectar collectors, and some303

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Aquilegia species seem to exhibit mixed pollination
systems. In a first step, we established for each species
its “classical” pollination syndrome (bee-hummingbird-hawkmoth) based on general floral traits suchas perianth colour, spur length etc. In a second step,
we also considered additional floral traits that are involved in the physical interaction between plant andpollinators such as position of the reproductive organs
in relation to the whole flower, flower orientation etc.
Furthermore, we distinguished between nectar- andpollen-collecting pollinators in our analyses. Finally, tobetter understand the floral evolution through pollinator-driven selection, we used X-ray computed tomography and identified additional, 3-dimensional shapetraits possibly resulting from the adaptation to one ormore types of pollinators.

P.0573 The role of breeding
systems in diversification ofMelastomataceae.... enoughinformation?
Francisco Javier Jiménez-López1, L.
Patricia C. Morellato2
1 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física yQuímica Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,
Madrid, Spain. 2 Phenology lab, Biodiversity Department, Center of Research on Biodiversity Dynamics
and Climate Change, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Diversity of flowering plant species can be promoted
by multiple factors. Among them, breeding systems
can play a fundamental role, since self-fertilization
dynamics can enhance reproductive isolation and fix
genotypes in a few generations. Therefore, in those angiosperm families with high variability of reproductive
systems could play a fundamental role in their diversification and distribution. In this sense, the Melastomataceae, a large tropical family, may be a good model
to evaluate this phenomenon. Among other aspects,
this family includes species with all options of sexualand breeding systems, from apomixis to dioecy (obligate outbreeders, e.g. in the genus Miconia). However,the study of breeding systems seems to be outdated
in plant biology. The rate of species for which precise
breeding or mating system studies have been carriedout is surprisingly low. This aspect is also unbalanced
among the different tropical regions where Melastomataceae are distributed and among the different
tribes. Therefore, we must be prudent in the evaluationof breeding systems in the diversification of this family.

P.0574 Repeated switching
between pollination by
sciarid and mycetophilid
fungus gnats associatedwith the radiation of
Arisaema in Japan
Satoshi Kakishima1,2, Tetsuya Matsumoto3,
Kenji Suetsugu4, Yudai Okuyama2
1 Showa University, Fujiyoshida, Japan. 2 National
Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
3 Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan. 4 Kobe University,
Kobe, Japan.
The adaptation to pollinators is a key factor in theevolution of floral traits and plays a crucial role inadaptive radiation. In Japan, the genus Arisaema(Araceae) exhibits significant diversification, possibly through adaptation to pollinators. Recent studies have indicated that many Arisaema species
attract species-specific fungus gnat pollinators(Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae), and differencesin pollinator assemblages serve as an importantmechanism for reproductive isolation between
species. In this study, we conducted a molecularphylogenetic analysis using genome-wide SNP
data of Arisaema species to understand the relationships between inflorescence morphologicaltraits and pollination mode. We identified several instances where previously recognized species
were polyphyletic, with major pollinators varying
among different lineages within those species,
despite having similar inflorescences. Additionally, we identified six distinct clades, and interestingly, within some of these clades, we discovered
species that are pollinated by mycetophilids andothers by sciarids. This pattern suggests the occurrence of parallel pollinator shifts within the genus Arisaema in Japan. These findings support the
hypothesis that that adaptation to fungus gnats
is a major driver of Arisaema diversification in
the Japanese archipelago. Moreover, the distinct
fungus gnat pollinator fauna among species withsimilar inflorescence morphology underscores thepotential importance of inflorescence odor in pollination. Consequently, we plan to further analyze
the chemical components of the inflorescenceodor in future studies.

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P.0575 Disentangling thedrivers of plant-pollinatorinteractions

P.0576 Relationships
between floral traits’
originality and plant
fitness along gradients oflandscape disturbanceJose B. Lanuza1, Henriette F. Morgenroth1,
Raymond Umazekabiri1, Marc Hoffmann1,
Panagiotis Theodorou1,2, Robert Paxton1,2,Isabell Hensen1,2, Robert Rauschkolb1,3,
Christine Römermann1,3, Oliver Schweiger
1,5, Martin Freiberg1,4, Tiffany Knight1

Amparo Lázaro1, Indradatta de CastroArrazola1, Carmelo Gómez-Martínez1,Ørjan Totland2

1 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-JenaLeipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 2
Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-UniversityHalle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. 3 Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht
and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany 4 Systematic Botany
and Functional Biodiversity/Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany. 5 UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research, Department of Community Ecology,
Halle, Germany.
Flowering plants exhibit an astonishing diversity of reproductive structures, which shapes how
they interact with their pollinators. However, towhat extent reproductive traits or other drivers
like phenology and species abundances shapeplant-pollinator interactions is still an open question. To disentangle the relative effects of species
phenology, abundances and traits in plant-pollinator interactions, we compared pollinator visitation rates, diet breath, specialization from plant
species that vary in reproductive traits, phenology and abundances. To do this, we observed
plant-pollinator interactions for a whole flowering season in three different botanical gardens
located in an urban setting. We anticipate thatthe ecological role of the different plant and pollinator species are largely driven by their phenological overlap and abundance, and only certain
taxonomic groups are strongly influenced by trait
matching processes. Our results highlight the relevance of considering multiple mechanisms to understand plant-pollinator interactions.

1 Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(UIB-CSIC), Global Change Research Group, Esporles, Spain. 2 Department of Biology University ofBergen, Bergen, Norway.
Floral traits favour pollination by attracting pollinators and maximizing pollinator efficiency. Therefore, floral traits may be at least partially responsible for among-species differences in pollinatorvisitation and fitness. However, the attractivenessof floral traits for pollinators might depend as wellon the community context in which the pollinators
make foraging decisions. In this work, we explore
for the first time the extent to which the originality
and uniqueness of species’ floral traits within theircommunities, influence their pollinator visits andfitness. For this, we sampled plant-pollinator interactions and plants’ seed production in 20 Mediterranean and 24 Temperate communities along
gradients of habitat loss. We then used multivariate techniques to estimate the originality (i.e., distance to the centroid of community’s functional
trait hypervolume weighted by plant abundance)
and the uniqueness (i.e., distance to closest neighbour) of species’ floral traits in each communityand sampling date, and related these variables
to pollinator visits and fitness. Our results showedthat weighted originality consistently decreased
total pollinator visits in both study systems. Although the uniqueness of floral traits always hadstronger effects on visitation in disturbed landscapes (i.e., lower percentage of natural habitats)compared to more conserved landscapes, the effect differed between study systems. In disturbed
Mediterranean communities, uniqueness reduced
visitation, while uniqueness increased pollinatorvisits in Temperate disturbed communities. The
effects of originality on fitness also differed between study systems, with a negative effect in the
Mediterranean communities and a positive effectin the Temperate ones, which might be explainedby differences in species richness between study
systems. On the contrary, the positive effect of305

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uniqueness on fitness in disturbed landscapes
was similar for both systems, suggesting the benefits of niche partitioning particularly in theselandscapes. Our study highlights the context-dependent effects of floral traits on pollinator visits
and plant fitness.

P.0577 Flavonoid
composition of red
flowers affects pollinator
attractiveness.
Melissa León-Osper1, Mª Luisa Buide1,
Montserrat Arista2, Pedro L. OrtizBallesteros2, Victor Rossi3, Katie Conrad3,
Justen B. Whittall3, Amelia Fuller3, José C.
del Valle2, Eduardo Narbona1.
1 Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain. 2 Seville
University, Seville, Spain. 3 Santa Clara University,
Santa Clara, USA.
Red flowers have traditionally been associated withbird pollination because birds perceive long-wavelength colors, whereas hymenopterans exhibit lower sensitivity in the yellow-red band. This association
gave rise to the “bee-avoidance” hypothesis, which
proposes that flowers evolved red colors to deter visitsfrom hymenopterans. However, we recently demonstrated that not all red-flowered species follow thisstrategy, as some showed reflectance spectra with asecondary reflection peak in the UV band, increasing
visibility for bees. Because the flower reflectance spectrum is mainly affected by floral pigments, we proposethat pigment composition plays a relevant role in triggering changes in pollination strategies in red flowers.
To further investigate this hypothesis, we collected
samples from red-flowered species in the Mediterranean California (hummingbird-pollinated) and Spain(bee-pollinated). We measured the reflectance spectra and performed spectral analysis to assess the conspicuousness of red flowers for both pollinators. Additionally, we examined their absorbance spectra andidentified main floral pigments through HPLC-LC-MS.
Our findings revealed that bird-pollinated red flowers
had lower UV reflectance compared to bee-pollinated ones, making them more perceptible to birds andless discernible to bees. Furthermore, bird-pollinated
red flowers showed higher concentrations of UV-absorbing flavonoids, probably leading to the absenceof UV-reflectance in these flowers. We also identified
differences in anthocyanin visible pigmentation be-

tween bird- and bee-pollinated red flowers. Whereas
the predominant anthocyanin in bird-pollinated flowers was pelargonidin, bee-pollinated flowers exhibited
equal amounts of cyanidin and delphinidin. Finally, we
found that reflectance properties of pelargonidins are
better adapted to the visual systems of both pollinators. Differences in pigment composition between red
flowers from California and Spain suggest apparent
strategies to attract their respective target pollinators.
Our results suggest that the concentration of UV-absorbing flavonoids and the type of anthocyanins playa crucial role in the evolution of red flowers in California and Spain.

P.0578 Exploring chemical
diversity of floral scent inwild tobacco in light ofgenus evolution
Maria Alice M.S. Couto1*, Geraldo L.G.
Soares1, Caroline Turchetto1,2
1 Department of Botany, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Brazil. 2 Pos graduate Program of Genetics
and Molecular Biology (PPGBM). Department of Genetics, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Plant-pollinator relationship drives floral diversity.
Among many floral signals, flower scent is used to
attract and ensure an efficient pollination system.
Nicotiana is a diverse genus in terms of floral phenotypes. The evolution of the genus was closely impacted by the relationship with pollinators, throughfloral specialization and hybridization, arising new
species. Nicotiana is a genus with a wide variation infloral shape and color, with hybridization resulting intransgressive phenotypes impacting pollination-related visual traits. In this review, we investigated how
phylogeny and pollination systems impact the floral
blend of Nicotiana species. A bibliographic review
was carried out for 30 years of floral volatiles emissions studies and organized on circadian rhythms.
The results of 18 studies investigating floral volatiles
in 19 species of Nicotiana were revised. For eachstudy, we retrieved information concerning methodology, volatile compounds present, circadianrhythm, and pollination systems. In total, 179 compounds were found, including mono- and sesquiterpenoids, nitrogenous compounds, and benzenoids.
Most allopolyploid species lack floral emissions
data, and total circadian emissions in Nicotiana are306

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still underrepresented. The results suggest that pollination systems have a major similarity in emissions
in night-pollinated flowers. However, phylogeny still
has a role in scent emission for species with conflicting pollination systems.

P.0580 How do flower
visitors, and a subset oftrue pollinators, respond toenvironmental variables inChilean highbush blueberry
crops?
Pinheiro-Costa, B1., Cortes-Rivas, B.2,
Mesquita-Neto, J.2
1 Programa de Doctorado en Salud Ecosistémica,
Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados delMaule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
2 Laboratorio Ecología de Abejas, Departamento
de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.:
Ericaceae) is a globally important buzz-pollinatedcrop in which animal pollinators, particularly thosecapable of sonicating flowers, play an importantrole in ensuring high quality fruit production. However, without a clear distinction between visitors andpollinators, the functional roles of the antagonists(pollen and nectar thieves) and neutrals are mixed
with the mutualistic partners (pollinators) of theplant. Pollinators adapt foraging behavior throughtime and space, focusing their efforts to maximize
pollen collection, and therefore are susceptible tovariations in local environmental conditions. We hypothesize that the daily activities of flower visitors
compared to true pollinators of highbush blueberry crops are differentially influenced by local environmental and temporal variables. The frequencyof flower visitors was measured in four highbush
blueberry orchards in southern Chile. The daily activity was estimated by 10-minute observations atfive-time intervals (10:00-11:59, 12:00-13:59, 14:00-15:59,
16:00-17:59 and 18:00-19:59) while temperature, lightintensity, and wind speed were measured. True pollinators were distinguished from non-pollinators
based on number of intraspecific pollen depositions
on the stigma per visit relative to the control of unvisited flowers (bagged flowers). Among the measured
variables, only luminosity and time of day significantly accounted for the frequency of flower visitors

to blueberry flowers. Considering only the subset oftrue pollinators, temperature played a role in influencing their frequency of visiting blueberry flowers,
in addition to the variables affecting the frequencyof flower visitors. In contrast, only specific time intervals (10:00-11:59 and 12:00-13:59) differed in the presence of true pollinators. Therefore, the frequency oftrue pollinators in blueberry flowers was significantly
more affected by temperature and luminosity fluctuations than all flower visitors. Although other external factors may affect pollinator frequency, theseresults are particularly important to predict the occurrence of true pollinators in blueberry crops with
important implications for crop management.

P.0581 The invasive
bumblebee Bombus
terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
disrupts the adaptivefunction of heterantheryby indiscriminately visiting
the pollinating and feeding
anthers of Senna arnottiana
flowers
Juliana O. Rego1,2, Victor Hugo Monzón2,
José N. Mesquita-Neto2*
1 Jardim Botânico da Fundação de Parques Municipais e Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. 2 Laboratorio de Ecología
de Abejas, Departamento de Biologia y Quimica,
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica
del Maule, Talca, Maule, Chile.
Heteranthery, the presence of different types ofanthers on the same flower, is a floral adaptationthat aims to balance the need for pollinators togather pollen as a food resource while also ensuring sufficient pollen for pollination. We investigate the role of heteranthery in the pollination of
Senna arnottiana flowers and how it affects the
behavior and effectiveness of visiting bees, with a
specific focus on the impact of the invasive bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Senna arnottiana is ashrub with hermaphrodite flowers that has twolong pollinating anthers, one medium anther, four
short feeding anthers, and three staminodes. We
observed variations in anther size and found thatlong anthers contained the most pollen and werethe most fertile, producing more fruits and seeds.

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Different bee species visit S. arnottiana flowers,
and their foraging behavior varies. Native bees,
including Centris cineraria, Caupolicana sp., andCadeguala occidentalis, preferentially visit shortanthers, while B. terrestris, an exotic bumblebee,
forages from both short and long anthers without
distinction. This behavior by B. terrestris disrupts
the adaptive significance of heteranthery by mixing the roles of pollination and feeding anthers,potentially affecting the plant’s reproductive success. Despite the higher stigma contact by B. terrestris, its indiscriminate foraging behavior hinders
the efficient transfer of pollen to the stigma, reducing its role as an effective pollinator. The study
highlights the negative impact of invasive species
like B. terrestris on native plant-pollinator relationships and the need to consider the complex
dynamics of these interactions in conservation
efforts. The results provide empirical evidence insupport of the “division of labor” hypothesis in S.
arnottiana and emphasize the potential disruptionof this relationship by exotic pollinators.

P.0582 Orientationof four and eight
pollinia in Epidendreae
and Maxillarieae(Epidendroideae,
Orchidaceae)

savola, Cattleya, Caularthron, Dimerandra, Encyclia,
Epidendrum, Laelia, Prosthechea, Scaphyglottis), andfive subtribes (Laliinae, Lycastinae, Maxillariinae, Oncidiinae, and Zygopetalinae). Pollinaria from fresh samples and herbarium specimens were investigated. The
pollinaria were extracted and photographed with a
Nikon 11.25X stereomicroscope with a Nikon Dxm1200
camera. The images were processed with NIS-Elements F 2.20 software. All the analyzed samples haveincumbent anthers and introrse dehiscence, but Dimerandra buenaventurae has erect anthers. In mostof the species of Zygopetalinae studied their four pollinia are superposed, except in Maxillaria egertoniana,
having juxtaposed pollinia. In the members of the subtribe Laeliinae, in both cases, four or eight pollinia havea juxtaposed orientation. Other studies have indicatedthe following relationship: latrorse anther/superposed
pollinia and introrse anther/juxtaposed pollinia. Our
results allow inferring that the orientation of the pollinia
may obey the occurrence of longitudinal and transverse septa that produce the locules within the antherand where the pollinia are organized, the presence of
operculate anthers to facilitate the release or deposition of the pollinia on pollinators, and not exclusively
the position or the dehiscence of the anther.

P.0583 Orchid pollinationand fecundity: acomparison between
deceptive and rewarding
species

Hilda R. Mosquera-Mosquera1, Rosa M.
Valencia Barrera2, Carmen Acedo3

Ludovica Oddi1, Valeria Fochi1, Asja
Cucchietti1, Alex Salvadego1, Karl Duffy2,
Consolata Siniscalco1

1 Faculty of Sciences, University of Tolima, Ibagué,
Colombia. 2 Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, León, Spain.
The orientation of superposed or juxtaposed pollinia in
Orchidaceae is an important but little-studied topic. It
is related to the position and dehiscence of the anther,
the rotation of the thecae, and the number of pollinia.
In the subfamily Epidendroideae, two states of pollinia
orientation occur. Still, probably they are not the result of the same process and/or transformation of thecharacters indicated for the complete family in the literature. This research analyzes and describes the orientation of the pollinia based on the position and dehiscence of the anther of 34 species belonging to thetribes Maxillarieae (Anguloa, Sudamerlycaste, Lycaste,
Maxillaria, Caluera, Ornithocephalus, Sphyrastylis, Pescatoria, Chondroscaphe, Cochleanthes, Dichaea, Galeottia, Huntleya, Kefersteinia) and Epidendreae (Bras-

1 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy. 2 Department of
Biology, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
The fecundity of pollinator-dependent orchids is affected by different factors in food-deceptive and-rewarding species. Indeed, rewarding orchids canrely on nectar production to attract pollinators,
whereas deceptive species take advantage of other factors, such as floral mimicry and community
density. In this study, we tested whether the inflorescence morphological characteristics and the local
conspecific and non-conspecific density influence
pollination and fecundity in the rewarding orchids,
Gymnadenia conopsea (two different sites) and308

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Spiranthes spiralis, and in the deceptive orchids,
Neotinea tridentata and Dactylorhiza sambucina.
We measured the plant height and the number offlowers of 50 individuals per species, together withthe distance to each of the nearest five conspecific and non-conspecific plants in five populationsin Piedmont, along an altitudinal gradient, from thebottom valley to the alpine horizon. Furthermore, we
examined whether pollen removal, pollen deposition and fruit set varied according to the measured
variables. We observed that plant height and thenumber of flowers had a positive significant effecton the number of visited flowers and fruits only in rewarding species. We also found that the number ofvisited flowers was significantly linked to the fruit setof rewarding orchids, whereas we did not observe
the same pattern in deceptive species. The distancefrom conspecific and non-conspecific species did
not show any significant effect on both pollinator visiting and fruit set. Results suggest that plantheight and the number of flowers increase orchid
success in capsule production in rewarding species,
which also showed a strong link between pollinatorvisiting and fruit set. On the contrary, in deceptive
species the number of visited flowers was not correlated to the fruit set, since pollinators spend lesstime on flowers decreasing the probability of pollination success. The role of species density and vegetation structure needs further investigations.

P.0584 Breakthroughson the reproductive
biology and the taxonomyof Lavatera acerifolia(Malvaceae), an endemic
shrub to Canary Islands

tive studies on floral phenology and changes of
micro-morphological attributes of hermaphrodite
flower in this caducous woody shrub. As a novelty,
seventeen morphological characters of the flower
were daily analyzed along the floral development,
providing a more objective criterion to establish
the developmental stages. Floral phenology was
divided into sven stages (plus fruiting period), being four of them pre-anthesis (S0-S3) and three
post-anthesis (S4-S6; this starts when petals are
fully open and androecium is accessible). The total
life-span of a single flower was 32 days, on average. L. acerifolia takes 28d for the petal to achieve
the maximum size before floral anthesis, while
pollination period lasted only 4d. In all cases, hermaphrodite flowers present short protandry andpartial herkogamy. Flowers of L. acerifolia exhibit
an entomophilous pollination syndrome (punctual concentration of nectar between calyx-petals
base, colour guides in the nail of the whitish petal, pollen with spines +pollen-kit and stigma withpapillae). In addition, Pollen-Ovule ratio and pollen
size were analyzed to compare with the pollination
syndrome for both varieties. In all cases, P-O ratios
are moderately low, showing a facultative Xenogamy sensu Cruden (1977). Controlled hand pollination treatments were carried out evaluate thebreeding system and self-incompatibility (SI) of L.
acerifolia. On the other hand, morphological andbiometric differences of flowers and seeds weredetected for L. acerifolia and its variety hariensis,
with possible taxonomic implications.

P.0585 Pollen analysis ofstingless bee honey fromthe Peruvian Amazon
Rossana Paredes1, Daniel Meza Huamán2

María Olangua-Corral1, Lluís García Mir2,
Olga Férnandez-Palacios1, Rosa Febles1,
Javier Fuertes Aguilar2
1 Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo”-CSIC,
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 2 Real Jardín
Botánico-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
As part of NEXTPOL and MACFLOR projects, wewere studied the reproductive biology and several micro-morphological characters in Lavatera
acerifolia Cav. (=Malva canariensis), a Canarian endemic species with two varieties. Likewise,
L. acerifolia is an endangered, redlisted species.
Inicially, we have undertaken a 2-year compara-

1 Laboratorio de Palinología y Paleobotánica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo-LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. 2
Laboratorio de Palinología y Paleobotánica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo-LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
Honey is consumed for medicinal, culinary, religious
and diverse purposes, being a natural product with
global demand. Meliponiculture involves the management and breeding of stingless bees which produce honey with greater medicinal properties compared to the honey of other bee species. In Peru, there
is a knowledge gap in the composition of honey produced by stingless bees, which is considered a high-309

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er quality product by local producers reflected in thehigh price of the product in the national market. For
this reason, this work seeks to determine the botanical content of the honey produced by stingless beesof the Peruvian Amazon by conducting a melissopalynological analysis. Pollen from Melastomataceae,
Myrtaceae and Elaeocarpaceae botanical families
were very frequent in the samples, while pollen from
Asteraceae and Convolvulaceae botanical families
were rare. Pollen concentration class values per 10
g of honey varied from rich to poor. In general, theinteractions between bee keepers, bees and honeys
were different between the two studied Amazonian
regions: in the lowland region, beekeepers produce
stingless bee honey mainly as an additional economic activity, and in the highland region mainly for
personal consumption. More melissopalynologicalstudies on stingless bees and their honey in Peru areneeded to promote the complementation of scientific and traditional knowledge in the use and commerce of bioproducts.

ber walls become thicker. A branched laticifer travels
through the mesophyll. Its walls are pecto-cellulosic and its latex is dense and has polysaccharides onstages A-C. In B-C, the laticifer becomes vacuolated and multinucleated. In phases D-E, the secretory
structure persists, showing winding cell walls, vacuolated cytoplasm, and less dense latex. Phenolic idioblasts can be widely found in all phases of the inflorescence, especially below the epidermis and in theperianth of pistillate and staminate flowers. Increased
compounds in the latex and thickening of the fibers
by C-phase probably reduce oviposition by fig parasitic wasps. The programmed death of the parenchyma cells allows the fig to expand and decreases
its stiffness in the later stages of the cycle. Despite
the persistence of the laticifer, the decrease of latex
products probably makes the fruit more palatable for
consumption by dispersing animals. Such anatomicalchanges occurring in the fig are typical of an endozoochoric fruit (infructescence).

P.0587 Phenology,
floral morphology andreproductive biology ofthe endangered Azorean
endemic Azorina vidalii(Campanulaceae)

P.0586 Anatomical
modifications of figs along
the reproductive cycle ofa Brazilian fig tree (Ficus
citrifolia Mill., Moraceae)
Felipe P. Ramos1,2*, Jackeline V. Silva1,2, Ana
Julia Peracini1,2, Simone P. Teixeira2

Rúben M. C. Rego1, Mónica Moura1, Luís
Silva1, Guilherme Roxo1, Alejandra G.
Herrezuelo1, Roberto Resendes1, Magui
Olangua-Corral2

1 Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,
Brazil. 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,
Brazil. *felipepramos@usp.br
The fig trees (Ficus) and the minuscule Agaonidae
wasp participate in a mutualistic interaction that has
selected a series of convergent adaptations on bothorganisms, like the concurrent development of the figs
and their pollinators, which has been divided into five
biological phases (A to E). This work aims the study of
anatomical modifications that occur in the fig, withemphasis on the laticifer, throughout the reproductive
cycle of F. citrifolia Mill., a species widely distributed in
Brazil. To this end, figs in all phases of the cycle werecollected and processed for anatomical (light microscopy) analysis. The fig mesophyll initially showsparenchyma and vascular bundles that still have notreached their final dimensions. In phases B-C, the tissues expand; in D-E, some cells of the parenchyma
die, turning the intercellular spaces wider, and the fi-

1 Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. 2 Jardim Botânico Canario “Viera y Clavijo”, Las
Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
In the Azorean endemic Azorina vidalii (Campanulaceae), selfing within a flower might be compromisedby morphologic and sexual self-Incompatibility (SI)mechanisms, however, the same is known to occur
within an inflorescence, in other Campanulaceae.
Additional information about the breeding systemsof this endangered species is lacking, therefore, we
aimed to study the reproductive biology of A. vidalii,
assessing its seasonal and floral phenology, morphology, and breeding strategies. Using samples fromfourteen populations, throughout the nine Azoreanislands, 21 morphological characters were measured
and subjected to detailed multivariate and univariate analyses, supported by light and scanning elec-

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tron microscopy, and the reproductive systems werestudied using Pollen/ovule (P/O) ratios and pollination
tests. Flowering in A. vidalii generally occurs in August,starting earlier in July, in Santa Maria Island, following
a fruiting period that lasts until November/December. The flower exhibits protandry, with basal nectaries
and a secondary pollen presentation site in the style.
The highest variation among the measured morphologic characters in both open flowers and buds was
detected in the androecium (anther filaments: 23.0%
and anther width: 50.2%, respectively). Some characters in the corolla and reproductive whorls appear to
be strongly related, in terms of their dimensions, thesame applying to the calyx and ovary. Additional variation was found in the number of pollen grains, ovules,
and seeds, among individuals. The P/O ratios showeda tendency for crossing in A. vidalii (facultative xenogamy), but the pollination tests showed individuals
with different breeding systems within the population
studied, with some exhibiting alogamic reproduction,and others favouring xenogamy. Some of the variation
observed can be attributed to external environmental
factors, such as those related with the flowers’ age, after opening (stigma’s receptivity and the action of SI
mechanisms, during the pollination efforts), temperature, presence of developing fruits or possible scarcity
of pollinating agents.

polyploids have larger flowers and broader pollination niches than diploids or does this depend on mating system or its interaction with ploidy? 2) does thepercentage of polyploids within communities affectplant-pollinator network structure? We tested the firstquestion on 40 Brassicaceae species. Our results indicated that mating system moderated the influence of
ploidy on morphological features associated with pollination generalism but that response in terms of pollination generalism (inferred from diversity of pollen/
stigmas) was more variable. For the second question,
we analyzed 316 weighted bipartite plant-pollinator
networks and revealed that polyploid-rich communities exhibit significantly higher nestedness and lower
modularity. These effects, however, do not appear to
propagate to increased connectance and enhanced
robustness to extinction and are mostly indirect-- being mediated by the frequency of self-compatible
plants in the community. Taken together our work isrevealing the myriad and nuanced ways that polyploidy affects species and their roles within pollination
networks.

P.0589 Reproductive biologyof two related species ofsouthern Iberian Peninsula:
Cathissa reverchonii and C.
villasina

P.0588 Plant polyploidy
effects on floral traits andthe pollination niche

Amanda Tercero Araque1, Luis Ruiz
Valenzuela1, Carlos Salazar Mendías1

Nathália Susin Streher1, Keren Halabi2, Itay
Mayrose2, Tia-Lynn Ashman1

1 Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Cathissa reverchonii (Lange) Speta (=Ornithogalum reverchonii Lange) and C. villasina C. Salazar,
Tercero & Mart.-Azorin are related geophytes thathave been confused for 35 years, until the recent
description of C. villasina as a local endemic species in the Sierra de Las Villas (Jaén province, Andalusia, Spain) in southeastern Iberian Península(Tercero et al. 2023). On the other hand, C. reverchonii is an endemic species in southwestern Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa, it has been evaluated as NT according to IUCN threat categories,
while C. villasina is an endangered species (EN).
Futhermore, C. reverchonii is included in Annex IV-Bof the European Habitats Directive as “vulnerable”,
but C. villasina currently lacks any legal protection.
In this work, the mating system of these two species is studied. The pollen/ovules ratio (P/O) is calculated and compared with the results of fruiting

1 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. 2 Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Polyploidy (whole genome duplication) is a major
evolutionary process in flowering plants yet the consequences for a significant mutualistic interaction
with pollinators is unclear. The increased DNA quantity resulting from whole genome duplication causes
larger cells and slower cell division which can impact
floral phenotype and flowering phenology-- traits thatmediate plant-pollinator interactions. For instance,larger flowers and longer flowering time may affectpollination generalization and also have cascading
effects on the structure of the entire plant community. By leveraging herbarium specimens and published plant-pollinator networks, we aim to elucidate
the effects of plant polyploidy pollination niche fromtwo different perspectives. Specifically, we asked: 1) do

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and seed production after induced self-pollinationand cross-pollination done in experimental garden. Additionally, pollen viability is analyzed overtime using the tetrazolium chloride test (TTC), andstigma self-compatibility, fruiting of individuals atfield and floral visitors are observed. According to
the criteria given by Cruden (2000), the P/O ratio(1000-1170) indicates that both species are facultative xenogamous. However, the low fruiting of handcross-pollination (between 2-6%) shows that these
species are obligate xenogamous with self-incompatible stigmas (Self-Compatibility Index = 0.10).
Pollen remains viable up to 16 days after anthesis inboth species. The pollinators visitation rate was low,
being Hymenoptera the main group in both cases.
Understanding the reproductive biology of threatened species can provide information to develop
appropriate conservation strategies. References:
Tercero-Araque A, Martínez Azorín M, & C Salazar-Mendías (2023). Cathissa villasina (Hyacinthaceae), a new endemic species from the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Plant Biosyst. 157(3): 516-529;
Cruden, RW (2000). Pollen grains: why so many?
Plant Syst. Evol. 222:143-165

P.0590 How does pollinatorsize affect the pollen fate ofa buzz-pollinated plant?

steep pollen carryover curve than larger bee species. To evaluate the pollination efficiency andpollen carryover, we performed 32 rounds of simulations of flower visitation using one mimetic individual of a small or large bee. We attached thesebees to a mini shaker, which simulated the vibrations of each bee species when visiting C. latistipula in nature. We found that large bees removed
1.7 times more pollen grains from the anthers anddeposited almost 1.5 times more pollen grains inthe stigma of C. latistipula than small bees. We
also found that the pollen carryover curve wassteeper for large than small bees, and the numberof pollen grains deposited over multiple visits washigher for large bees. Thus, although larger bees
remove more flower resources than the smaller
ones, they provide a more effective service of pollen transportation than smaller bees. It indicatesthat as higher the frequency of pollen-flower visitation by larger bees, the higher the performanceof male plant function. Our results highlight thatpollinator traits, such as body size, can be an important tool for predicting the impact of bee diversity decline on the outcome of plant-pollinatorinteractions in natural and modified habitats.

P.0591 Uncovering anovel obligate pollination
mutualism endemic toJapan

Amanda V. da Silva1, Anselmo Nogueira1,
Vinicius G. Brito2, Laura C. Leal3

Marika Yamaguchi*1, Namiki Kikuchi1,2,
Takahiro Yoshida1, Yudai Okuyama3,
Noriaki Murakami1

1 Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal
University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil. 2
Department of Ecology, Conservation and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.
Animal-pollinated plants exchange floral rewards
by pollen transportation. However, flower visitors’
traits influence the quality of pollen transfer and,
consequently, the male and female reproductive
performance. For instance, larger bees provide
better pollen transportation than smaller ones.
While the effect of pollinator size has been studied
from the female component of plant fitness, themale component remains undervalued. This study
aims to fill such a gap, evaluating the influence ofbees’ body size on the male performance of thebuzz-pollinated Chamaecrista latistipula (Fabaceae). We hypothesized that smaller bee species(1) are less efficient pollinators and (2) have a less

1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ., Hachioji City, Japan. 2
Toyohashi Museum of Natural History, Toyohashi
City, Japan. 3 Tsukuba Botanical Garden, NMNS,
Tsukuba City, Japan.
Coevolution is a dynamic process in which multiple organisms interact and exert mutual evolutionary influence on one another, and thisphenomenon has captured the interest of evolutionary biologists. One of the most prominent examples of coevolution is the intricate relationshipbetween flowering plants and their pollinatinginsects, the most diverse group of terrestrial organisms on Earth. Among the various mutualistic
plant-insect relationships, one of the most highly interdependent and fascinating interactions is
known as “obligate pollination mutualism.” In thissymbiotic relationship, certain insects feed on the312

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seeds of host plants during their larval stage andlater act as pollinators for the host’s flowers. This
unique association has been identified in only
eight cases. Obligate pollination mutualism not
only provides valuable insights into the mechanisms driving floral diversity, but also serves as
an important model for studying the intricacies of
biological interactions and coevolution. Our study
focuses on the Japanese endemic obligate pollination mutualism between Macrostemon plants(classified in Chrysosplenium series Macrostemon) and Nipponorhynchus sawflies (family Tenthredinidae). The larvae of the two Nipponorhynchus species, N. bimaculatus and N. mirabilis, havebeen documented as specialized seed feeders on
two plant species, Chrysosplenium macrostemon
var. shiobarense and C. echinus, both of which belong to the Macrostemon series. In addition, adult
Nipponorhynchus sawflies possess an elongatedproboscis of a unique structure classified as “Type8” within the order Hymenoptera, distinct from theother seven functional proboscis types. This specialized proboscis might be an adaptation for accessing nectar hidden deep within flowers, andhas evolved through interactions with Macrostemon flowers. Our study showed that these sawflies
are the primary and effective pollinators of Macrostemon flowers, confirming that these plants
and insects are in an obligate pollination mutualism. We will present the progress of our researchon this novel interaction.

tation of several natural habitats. Recent studies
have shown that cities support a significant level of biodiversity. This unexpected role of cities
holds promise for advancing knowledge of urban
ecosystems and promoting their conservation. In
particular, the connectivity of plant populations
through pollen transfer is crucial for the long-term
persistence of insect-pollinated plant species. In
this study, we tracked pollen movement areas
in four isolated patches of urban greenery in urbanized area using quantum dots. We studied
Fritillaria imperialis (spring) and Hemerocallis sp.
(mid-summer). Our research revealed frequent
pollen transfer between small, isolated flowering patches, even when these locations were notconnected by green corridors. Common elements
found in urban ecosystems, such as streets, trails,
and pavements, did not stop the dispersion ofpollen grains. Moreover, the migration pathwaysof pollen grains varied for each species according
to different factors. For F. imperialis, the key factor was the proportion of green areas in proximity
to the study location, whereas for Hemerocallis it
was the proportion of green areas, the distance
between study sites, and the frequency of pollinator visits. Our study demonstrates that small
isolated plant populations exchange pollen due topollinator movement, indicating that these small
populations may serve as stepping stones for pollinators among larger populations.

P.0592 Pollinator-mediatedconnectivity in fragmented
urban green spaces tracking pollen grain
movements in the city
centreBarbara Płaskonka1, Marcin
Mazurkiewicz1,2, Mateusz Skłodowski1,3,
Marcin Zych1, Katarzyna Roguz1
1 Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of
Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 2 Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw,
Warsaw, Poland. 3 The National Botanic Gardens of
Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Cities are expanding rapidly and emerging ascomplex ecosystems. This expansion of urbanizedareas has resulted in the alteration and fragmen-313

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S.066. FLORAS AND DIVERSITY OF EASTERN
ASIA
P.0593 Assessment of woodspecific gravity, carbon
content of southern Guinea
savanna vegetation zone ofKogi Statekg) respectively. Within and among species in thevegetation, the study showed that variation occurred in the specific gravity, AGB, and carbon
content.

P.0594 Genus Thismia
section Sarcosiphon(Thismiaceae) in Thailand

Fatimoh O. Ademoh1, Anthony I. Odiwe2,
Ikechukwu J. Muohalu2, Moses A. Afolabi2

Isareyakorn Chantapram1, Alisa
Nakkaew2, Sahut Chantanaorrapint1

1 Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology,
Delta State University of Science and Technology,
Ozoro, Nigeria. 2 Department of Botany, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile- Ife, Nigeria.
A crucial component of the ecology of tropicalvegetation is wood specific gravity. It incorporates
numerous facets of a tree’s mechanical characteristics, and its key factor in biomass estimation
when assessing carbon stock globally. This study
determined the wood specific gravity (WSG), Carbon content, and above-ground biomass (AGB) of
woody species encountered in twenty-seven (0.16ha) sample plots in the Nigerian southern Guinea
savanna of Kogi State. WSG of the stem cores of
species was determined from the oven-dry woodmass and green volume. Carbon concentrationin the AGB was determined by oven-drying eachwoody stem core at 105°C to constant weight before analysis. The WSG of 135 (32 shrubs and 103
trees) species was determined with a range of
0.52 g/cm3 to 0.83 g/cm3 and 0.42 g/cm3 to 0.90
g/cm3 for shrubs and trees respectively. Thirty-fiverare species were encountered in the vegetation.
Among the shrubs, Anthonotha macrophyllahad
the highest (0.83 g/cm3) WSG, and the lowest was
Rauvolfia vomitoria (0.52 g/cm3). Among the trees
Pterocarpus soyauxii (0.90 g/cm3) had the highest WSG and Adansonia digitate (0.42 g/cm3) had
the lowest. Carbon content ranged from 21.65%(Cola millenii) to 94.88% (Sterculia setiga) among
the trees, 25.39% (Euphorbia kamerunica) to 71.90%(Pyrenacantha staudtii) among the shrubs. For
shrubs, Euphorbia kamerunica has the highest
AGB (49P.6±P.0) and Dombeya buettner ihad thelowest (16.17±4.80 Kg). For the trees, Croton penduliflorus had the highest biomass (7859.61±P.0) andTrichilia emetica had the least biomass (13.84±7.93

1 PSU-Herbarium, Prince of Songkla University, Hat
Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. 2 Molecular Biotechnology
and Bioinformatics, Prince of Songkla University, Hat
Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
Thismia section Sarcosiphon sensu lato include
species whose inner tepals connate to form amitre above the flower opening, and lacking any
filiform appendages on the top of the mitre. Members of the section are mainly found in Southeast
Asia, particularly the Malesian floristic region. This
study aims to revise Thismia section Sarcosiphon
in Thailand, based on herbarium specimens andrecent collections from field surveys. Plant materials are searched systematically in several localities that were mostly selected in advance basedon our previous experiences. Morphological characters are observed and the phylogenetic relationships of section Sarcosiphon is also investigated. Eight species are recognized including Thismia
angustimitra, T. brunneomitroides, T. lacerata, T.
mirabilis, T. nigricans, T. obtusa, T. sridithiana, andT. submucronata. In addition, Thismia clandestina
is excluded from the Thai flora. The phylogenetic analyses reveals that the section Sarcosiphon
sensu lato is not fully monophyletic and separated
into two clades: vermiform root clade and coralliform root clade. Species with vermiform roots andouter tepals well developed nest in sect. Thismia.
While the coralliform roots species with reducing
outer tepals sister to a clade of sect. Geomitra.

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P.0595 Floristic Diversity of
Rubiaceae in the Flora of
Pan-Himalaya
Tao Chen1, Mudavath Chennakesavulu
Naik2, Yiying Liao1, Jianyou Li1, Mary Ann
Bautista1, Saroji Barik3, Qiang Wang4
1 Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen,
China. 2 Andhra Pradesh State Biodiversity Board,
Andhra Pradesh, India. 3 North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022, India. 4 Institute of Botany, Beijing, China.
The Pan-Himalaya region covers a broad area from
West China in the east, along the range in Bhutan,
India, Nepal and Southern Tibet in the middle, toparts of Pakistan and Afganistan in the west. It enjoys the mostly diverse habitats sustaining a number of hot spots of biodiversity. There are 72 generaand 355 species (including infraspecific taxa) in thefamily Rubiaceae according to preliminarily floristic
diversity analysis. Genera with higher species diversity are Galium (49 species), Hedyotis (14), Ixora (9),Lasianthus (13), Leptodermis (36), Mussaenda (10),Mycetia (8), Ophiorrhiza (30), Psychotria (13), Rubia(26) and Wendlandia (14). The upcoming Rubiaceae
volume for the Flora of Pan-Himalaya would be theultimately detailed diversity accounts of the family.

ous numerical and palynological studies. However,
the genetic diversity and population structure of H.
maxima as well as its phylogenetic relationship toother continental Hepatica species, H. asiatica andH. insularis have not been investigated thoroughly
to infer its origin and evolution. In this study, we conducted population genetic and phylogenetic analyses employing genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
method based on broad sampling, including 13 populations of H. maxima (194 individuals) from Ulleung
Island and 3 populations of H. asiatica (21) from Korean Peninsula, and 4 populations of H. insularis (49)from other Korean archipelagos (Jeju-do, Hong-do
and Gageo-do). The results of phylogenetic reconstruction and population genetic structure analyses based on GBS-derived SNP data revealed themonophyly of H. maxima with robust support (100%BS), although its continental progenitor lineage was
not determined concretely. Within H. maxima on
Ulleung Island, population genetic structuring andgeographical patterns were found among western,
eastern and central populations. Comparing with
H. asiatica and H. insularis, significant reduction in
genetic diversity was found in the populations of H.
maxima on Ulleung Island. This study provides additional insight into broadening our knowledge in thegenetic consequence of anagenetic speciation of
Ulleung Island plant endemics.

P.0597 Watching the South
China Sea - Siamkiama(Iridaceae), a new
genus for Iris speculatrix
based on molecular andmorphological data

P.0596 A pattern ofanagenetic speciation
is observed in Ulleungdo
liverleaf (Hepatica maxima,
Ranunculaceae) genomic
analysis

Manuel B. Crespo1, Mario Martínez Azorín1,
Evgeny V. Mavrodiev2

Myoung-Suk Cho , Seung-Chul Kim
11

1 Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon, Korea.
Anagenesis has been considered as the prominent speciation mode of endemic plant lineages
on Ulleung Island, Korea. Despite unclear progenitor species, Hepatica maxima Nakai endemic to
Ulleung Island is presumed as one of anagenetically speciated species on the island. Its taxonomic
identity has been recognized by its morphologicaldifferences from other Hepatica species (i.e., larger
sized achenes and leaves, biennial or annual leaves
and glabrous surface of achenes) through previ-

1 Department of Environmental Sciences and natural Resources, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
2 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of
Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Iris speculatrix is a remarkable species endemic tothe southern part of China that was described fromthe coastal mountains near Hong Kong. The preliminary molecular data did not resolve confidently its
phylogenetic position and placed it as strongly sister to the beardless irises (the “Xiphion clade” sensu Wilson). That position was first assumed to behighly sequence-divergent regarding the remain-315

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ing members in there, though consistent with morphology. Nonetheless, classical placement of thatspecies was confusing, and some authors placed it
among the “Evansia irises” (either in I. sect. Crossiris= genus Evansia, or I. sect. Lophiris = genus Lophiris),or among the “Chinenses irises” (genus Zhaoanthus). However, relationships to the “Evansia irises”
were questioned by some authorities based on the
reduced entire crest of I. speculatrix seeming onlya raised ridge. Further, important morphologicalcharacters connected it to members of the “Chinenses irises” and separated it from the above cited “Xiphion clade” (i.e. slender wiry rhizomes, shiny
leaves, spreading falls, discrete central ridge on
standards, oblong entire stigma, or seeds with fleshy
wing-like appendage). Also, the chromosome number (2n=44) is peculiar in the context of that group. In
this context, our research on an expanded samplingof the “Iris-flower clade” including entire sequences of I. speculatrix, recovered it as strongly sister tomembers of the “Xiphion clade”, which is congruent
with previous phylogenies. This fact together withthe morphological and chromosomal divergence
regarding members of that broad clade supports atreatment according with the multigeneric arrangement of the “Iris-flower clade”, as published by theauthors. Hence, we propose to accommodate theconcerned southern Chinese plant in a new genus,
Siamkiama M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev.
Molecular, morphological and biogeographical evidence is presented to support such treatment.

P.0598 Impatiens in Shaanxi,
China: from herbarium to field
Zhangjie Huang1, Peiliang Liu1
1 Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education,
Northwest University, Xi’an, China.
Shaanxi is the last province in China whose updated
regional flora is yet to be published due to historical
underestimation in surveys of biodiversity. Being aprecursory contribution to the Flora of Shaanxi, theauthors conducted a comprehensive study on Impatiens in Shaanxi and adjacent areas, notably the
Qinling-Bashan Mountains. The investigation integrates literature review, specimen inspection, fieldresearch as well as analyses at both morphologicaland molecular phylogenetic level (utilizing nuclear
ITS and plastid trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH sequence). Through these methodologies, the study
leads the description of several species in the genus

new to science and resolves taxonomic ambiguities
surrounding I. notolopha. Meanwhile, the distributionof I. nasuta and I. compta in Shaanxi is clarified. Ourdata also elucidate morphological and biogeological distinctions between I. linocentra and I. pterosepala. Moreover, three species are herein reported as
new records of Shaanxi.

P.0599 Floristic diversityof Overa-Aru Wildlife
Sanctuary in Kashmir
HimalayaTajamul Islam1, Anzar A. Khuroo1, Irshad A.
Nawchoo1
1 Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
Protected areas are one of the prime repositories
to conserve biodiversity and furnish life-supporting
ecosystem services. The Overa-Aru wildlife sanctuary is one of the largest protected areas in termsof area in Kashmir Himalaya, however little is known
about its biodiversity. Here we present an integrative
study on floristic diversity of this sanctuary. In termsof taxonomic composition, a total of 397 taxa (392
species, 1 subspecies, 3 varieties and 1 forma) belonging to 254 genera in 76 families are recorded
from the sanctuary. A new species, Swertia pahalgamensis has been described from the sanctuary.
In addition, the utilization of plants in the sanctuary
for precious ecosystem provisioning services suchas fuel, fodder, medicine, and the community perception of these services have been studied. Hopefully, this comprehensive study will be immensely
useful in guiding suitable conservation strategies
and management decisions of this protected areain the region, with lessons for elsewhere.

P.0600 Vascular plants in
the Tyumen Region, Western
Siberia
Igor V. Kuzmin1
1 University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia.
Tyumen Region is located in southwestern of theWestern Siberia, beyond the mountains of the Middle
Urals. This is a large (160.122 sq. km) and inaccessible
territory, where natural zones change when moving

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from north to south. Southern taiga and subtaiga
are located in the north. Forest-steppe is located in
the south. Wild and cultivated plants of this territory
have never been fully studied. We studied all publications, old herbaria (LE, LEGB, MW, MHA, NSK, TK, etc.)
and collected our own herbarium (50000 specimens). Based on the results of the work, a checklist
was compiled that provided a critical review of 2041
taxa. The checklist includes 1222 wild species, subspecies and aggregate species (native and alien,
including 21 native species also in cultivation); 46
wild hybrids; 15 species whose diaspores are intentionally introduced, but they are not cultivated andgerminate on their own; 462 cultivated species and59 hybrids. 55 microspecies are noted inside aggregates. 122 wild and 1 cultivated species, 11 hybrids
were excluded from the flora because they wereincorrectly indicated in the literature. 10 species are
excluded from the wild flora, but are grown. 36 species and 2 hybrids discovered in adjacent territories
are potentially possible for our flora. Our research
has shown that even in flat areas, plant habitats are
dependent on the terrain and local climate. Comparison with data from 100-300 years ago showeda change in the species composition of plants due
to climate change. Nowadays, southern steppe species are actively spreading to the north, but sudden
weather changes prevent them. Boreal thermophobic species are becoming rarer. The history of settlement of a region also has implications for plantcomposition. The richest local floras are found in Tobolsk, the old capital of Siberia, and in Tyumen, themost ancient city in Siberia.

P.0601 First record of natural
hybrids of Dryopteris from
Korea

sity in eastern Asia and is one of the largest genera
in Dryopteridaceae. The base chromosome number
of Dryopteris is n=41, but polyploidy is common; andDryopteris is considered extremely prone to hybridization. The potential roles of reticulate evolution andpolyploidy in the genus have long been recognized. In
Korea, hybrids of Dryopteris have been unknown so far.
However, we have recently found two new hybrids andseven unrecorded hybrids (D. x fujipedis, D. x kominatoensis, D. x mayebarae, D. x mitui, D. x watanabei, D.
crassirhizoma x D. monticola, and D. monticola x D. uniformis) in Korea. For one new hybrid, D. goeringiana x D.
lacera is newly given based on their morphology. Theirmorphology is newly found from Yeongwol, Korea,
which is distinguished by several vegetative characters such as shrunken upper parts of lamina with sporangia, widest pinnule bases, and decreased teeth ofsegment margins. We have extensively analyzed one
new hybrids and relative taxa of Dryopteris populations from China, Japan, and Korea. Descriptions andillustrations of these hybrids and photographs in the
habits are provided. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the hybrids should be clarified to evaluate therelationships of evolution among parental taxa.

P.0602 First record of
three fern taxa from
Korea: Crepidomanes
bipunctatum,
Coniogramme affinis, andAsplenium capillipes
Chang Shook Lee1, Kanghyup Lee2,
Youngsim Hwang3, Kyong-Sook Chung41 Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul, Korea. 2 Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea. 3 Geobook, Seoul, Korea. 4
Department of Medicinal Plant Science, Jungwon
University, Goesan, Korea.

Chang Shook Lee1, Kanghyup Lee2, Chae
Eun Lim3, Chunghee Lee4, Kyong-Sook
Chung5
1 Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea. 2 Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea. 3 National Institute of
Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea. 4 Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea 5. Departmentof Medicinal Plant Science, Jungwon University,
Goesan, Korea.
The genus Dryopteris Adans. (Dryopteridaceae),
known as wood fern, contains 225 to 300 species
that are widely distributed in the temperate Northern
Hemisphere. The genus has the highest species diver-317

For the first time, three fern species were found in
Korea. Crepidomanes bipunctatum (Hymenophyllaceae), Coniogramme affinis (Pteridaceae), andAsplenium capillipes (Aspleniaceae) were collected from the forests in Jeju-do island, Taebeck, andSamcheok, Gangwondo. Crepidomanes bipunctatum (vernacular name: ‘Teol-goe-bul-i-kki’) was
distinguished from other Korean congeners of thegenus by stipes winged almost to the base, shorthairs, submarginal false veinlets continuous, ovate
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gins and obtuse or acute apexes, narrowly elliptic
involucres. Coniogramme affinis (vernacular name:‘San-go-bi-go-sa-li’) was distinguished by havingsummer-green, pinnule margin dense, sharp andfine teeth, hydathodes slightly thicker than veins, extending to tips of teeth and fused with teeth pinnaearrangement. The last, Asplenium capillipes (vernacular name: ‘Gag-si-kko-li-go-sa-li’) was similar
to A. tenuicale Hayata, but it was distinguished fromthe other taxa of Asplenium by smaller sizes, triangular laminae, missing extended gemmiferous rachises, basal acroscopic pinnules largest, cordiform
or elliptic, and entire margins. Descriptions and illustrations of the three taxa and their photographs in
the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of Crepidomanes, Coniogramme, and the similar taxa with A. capillipes of Asplenium from Korea.

P.0603 First comprehensive
floristic survey using abelt transect method on
Iriomote Island, Okinawa,
southern Japan
Akiyo Naiki1, Takenori Yamamoto2, Koji
Yonekura3, Takuto Shitara4, Hironori
Toyama5, Shuichiro Tagane2, Atsushi
Abe3, Yui Kajita1, Naoko Sashimura1,
Masaharu Amano3, Ryo Furumoto6
1 Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Universityof the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. 2 The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. 3 Department of Plant Science,
Okinawa Churashima Foundation Research Institute, Okinawa, Japan. 4 Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. 5 College of Arts and Sciences,
J. F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan. 6 Forest Tree
Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan.
There has been limited information available about
the flora of Iriomote Island (Okinawa, Japan), despite its rich forest ecosystems and designation
as one of the World Natural Heritage Sites in 2021.
To gain a better understanding of the vascular flora of Iriomote Island, quantitative and comprehensive surveys were conducted using a belt transect
method (5m x 100m, 208 sites placed approximately
per square kilometer, covering the whole island) andgeneral samplings. A new list of vascular plant species, distribution maps for each species, a species

richness map, and a vegetation map were made forthe island based on the survey data. 1,375 species ofvascular plants (1,109 native and 266 alien species)
were identified on the island, including three newly
recorded native species to the island and two to Japan. The observed number of vascular plant species
per belt transect was 40 to 166. The species richness
within a belt transect was higher in the northeastern and south-central higher-elevation parts of theisland and lower in the peripheral regions and thedownstream areas of large rivers. Through our survey, 183 species of endangered plants listed in the
Red List by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan,
were confirmed. They occurred mainly in limestone
areas on the island’s periphery or in valleys, especially on rock walls and earthen cliffs near waterfalls
in the inland areas. The number of endangered species per belt transect ranged from 0 to 11, with an
occurrence rate of 0 to 7.4%, and 84% (175/208) of
the belt-transect surveyed sites showed at least one
endangered plant. The species richness was weakly
correlated with the number of endangered species.
On the island’s periphery, some locations in lowland
forests possessed several endangered species,
while they had a low number of the total species
within a belt transect.

P.0604 Floral Composition
and Diversity of Ultramafic
Forests in Homonhon Island,
Eastern Samar, Philippines
Roanne B. Romeroso1,2, Jorge Anton
D. Ordas3, Danilo N. Tandang4,5, Ian A.
Navarrete6, Cecilia B. Moran1, 3
1 The Graduate School and Research Center for the
Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo
Tomas, Manila, Philippines. 2 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Eastern Philippines, Northern Samar, Philippines. 3 Department of
Biological Sciences, College of Science, Universityof Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. 4 Botany Division, Philippine National Museum of Natural History,
Manila, Philippines. 5 Biodiversity Program, Taiwan
International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei,
Taiwan. 6 Department of Environmental Science,
Southern Leyte State University, Hinunangan Campus, Ambacon, Southern Leyte, Philippines.
The Philippines has suffered tremendous deforestation due to rampant anthropogenic impacts such as
mining. In particular, the forests of Homonhon Island
are threatened by mining activities. In this study, we

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assessed its ultramafic vegetation’s floristic composition and diversity to initiate its conservation efforts
on Homonhon Island. In five sampling areas on theisland, we have documented 181 species in 148 genera and 83 families, with 176 native species. Twenty-two species are classified as threatened basedon the IUCN. On the other hand, in DENR-DAO 2017-11,
38 are classified as threatened. Homonhon Island
exhibits a very high species diversity overall, and theforests in Barangay Bitaugan revealed the highest
species diversity among the sampled areas. Alstonia macrophylla and Terminalia surigaensis chiefly
dominates the island’s forests. Despite being threatened by mining, Homonhon Island’s ultramafic forests exhibit a diverse floristic composition worthy ofprotection. It serves as a sanctuary for many of thePhilippines’ highly threatened species. Its local government agencies should implement strict protection and management policies to prevent further
disturbance to its flora. We can anticipate this study
to be used in the restoration, rehabilitation, and conservation of the remaining forest on the island.

P.0605 Unveiling theenigmatic world of
Impatiens of Western
Himalayas: exploring
diversity, endemism andhabitat preferences

nomic study of balsams solely based on herbarium
specimens has been greatly hampered as the main
distinguishing floral characters like shape of spur,
lower sepal and colour of corolla are often untraceable in herbarium specimens which sometimes also
leads to errors in delimiting the species. Thus, owing to difficulties in identification of Impatiens species it was also referred as ‘a terror to botanists’ by
Sir J.D. Hooker. Based on our extensive field surveys
in the Indian Western Himalayan region from 201823 covering different habitats and altitudinal range(700–4,500 m elevation) we present here species
diversity of Impatiens in Western Himalayas alongwith species morphology, endemism, habitat preferences and change in composition of the species
along altitudinal gradients.

P.0606 Yield performanceand regeneration of alfalfa
experienced the monsoon
season in the Jianghuai
region of China
Jiaqing Li 1,2, Zhenwu Wei 1,2, Xueyang Min
1,2, Chuanjie Wang 1,2, Haowen Cheng 1,2
1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. 2 Institute of
Grassland Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou,
China.

Ashutosh Sharma1, Wojciech Adamowski2,
Noorunissa S. Begum1, K. Ravikumar1
1 FRLH Herbarium, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bengaluru, India. 2 Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland.
Impatiens Riv. ex L. (Balsaminaceae) commonly
known as ‘balsams’ is among the largest, diverseand complex genera of angiosperms with morethan 1000 species, most of which are distributed in
Africa, Southeast Asia and India. In India, the genus isrepresented by about 280 species with the Western
Ghats and the Himalayas being hotspots with very
high endemism. Impatiens in the Western Himalayas comprises 38 species, half of which are endemic and one third of these endemics are only known
from century old herbarium records with incomplete descriptions. In fact, a few species are solely
known by their types e.g. Impatiens violoides Edgew.
ex Hook.f., I. reidii Hook.f., and I. vexillaria Hook.f. Taxo-

Cultivated alfalfa, as a legume crop originating fromthe temperate continental climate region, is often cultivated in China in the northwestern part of the country, where the diurnal range is large. In the southeastern China, where summers are rainy, there is a lack ofreports on alfalfa yield and growth before and after
the entry of the monsoon season. This study describes
research on the growth of cultivated alfalfa in Jianghuai region of China in June-July. The dynamics ofgrass yield, protein accumulation, and SPAD values
were investigated in 4 rainfed farmed alfalfa materials that were experimentally proven to be suitable
to the climate of the Jianghuai region, represented
by Yangzhou. Additionally, the number of stems perplant, leaf area, and FW/DW ratio before cutting wereascertained, as were variations in plant height overthe monsoon season. The results demonstrated significant differences in grass yield of cultivated alfalfa
before and after the monsoon season (p < P.01); additionally, it was established through fitting a linear
function of plant height that the Huaiyang No. 4 alfalfa,
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generated more quickly than the other two (p < P.5);
The protein accumulation results indicated that, withthe exception of BC, the materials under test differedin growth changes to varying degrees; there were no
statistically significant differences in the FW/DW harvested from the various materials, nor in the 2 resultscomparing the number of stems per plant during the
growth of regenerated plants over the rainy season
and between SPAD. The findings demonstrated thatgrown alfalfa in the Jianghuai region can adapt to its
unique growing conditions; yet it may be affected tovariable degrees by heavy precipitation during themonsoon season, which could have an impact on
output and protein accumulation.

P.0607 Taxonomy of thelargest lycophyte genus
Selaginella in China
Xianchun Zhang1
1 The National Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Selaginella is the sole genus of the lycophyte family Selaginellaceae, with about 800 species all over
the world, but mainly centered in tropical humid forests. Molecular phylogenetic studies resolved themonophyly of Selaginella and divided it into seven subgenera. Although the infrageneric classifica-tion has been settled, the species level taxonomy isvery unclear, especially in the species rich subgenus
Stachygynandrium and some species complexes orgroups. Recently we adopted an integrative taxonomy approach and successfully revised the taxonomy
of some difficult groups, such as the Selaginella helvetica group, S. labordei group, S. delicatula group, S.
monospora group, S. tamariscina group and S. sanguinolenta group. First, we studied herbarium collections, literatures, type specimens, and collectedmaterials from the type locality if possible. Second,
we performed morphological observations by microscope and morphometric analysis such as linear
discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component
analysis (PCA). Third, chloroplast and nr DNA markers were sequenced using different analysis methods including concatenation and coalescent-based
methods, the concatenation phylogenetic trees wereconstructed using Neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum
likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods,
and coalescent-based phylogenetic trees generated
by software ASTRAL. Additionally, Flow CytoMetry (FCM)
was used to detect genome size variation and polyploidization, MaxEnt model was used to predict theprobability distribution of the target species based on
existing occurrence records. Combining morphology,
molecular, cytological, and ecological evidence, we
proposed species delimitations and recognized formal taxa according to nomenclature rules.

S.067. FROM DEVELOPMENTAL SWITCHESTO BROAD EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORIES:UNDERSTANDING MECHANISMS OF SEX
DETERMINATION
1 Département de phytologie, Université Laval,
Québec, Canada. 2 Institut de Biologie Intégrative
et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. 3 Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur lesvégétaux, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. 4 Institut intelligence et données, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. 5 Faculté des Sciences, Université
Catholique de Lyon, Lyon, France. 6 Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.

P.0608 Decoding sexualplasticity in dioecious plantCannabis sativa as a casestudy
Adrian S. Monthony1,2,3,4, Marilou Ledeuil5,
Maxime de Ronne1,2,3,4, Olivia Carlson6,
Susan Murch6, Davoud Torkamaneh1,2,3,4

This research explores the phenomenon of sexual plasticity in Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis),wherein plants develop sex organs opposite totheir sex chromosome karyotype. As a dioecious320

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plant with a XX/XY sex chromosome complement,
cannabis typically exhibits sex organ development concordant with its genetic sex. However,sexual plasticity has been observed in responseto ethylene, leading us to hypothesize a key roleof ethylene-related genes (ERGs) in controlling
this plasticity. Despite the apparent critical role ofethylene, the interplay between phenotypic andchromosomal sex, and the ERGs involved in thebiosynthesis and perception of ethylene remain
largely unexplored. This study delineates the phenotypic effects of ethylene and its inhibition on
cannabis, from seedling to flowering, while alsodetailing in silico and transcriptomic approaches that, for the first time, model the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways in cannabis.
We present the results of transcriptomic changes during flowering, where transcriptomes fromplants treated with ethylene and its signaling inhibitors were analyzed over the course of floral
induction. Together with metabolomic data fromkey ethylene precursors in our plants, we provide
a detailed look at the role of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during sexual development incannabis. Our model elucidates the mechanisms
by which ethylene and ERGs govern sex determination and plasticity in both XX and XY cannabis plants. Our research not only sheds light on
the complex sexual development of cannabis but
also offers a model for investigating sexual plasticity in other important dioecious plant species.

P.0609 The transition
from dioecy to monoicy
in liverworts is a case of
convergent evolution
Giacomo Potente1, Yasui Yukiko2, Rachel
N. Walstead3, Jane Grimwood3, Jeremy
Schmutz3, Jim Leebens-Mack4, Eita
Shimokawa2, Tomoha Tanaka2, Yuka
Umeya2, Shogo Kawamura2, Katsuyuki
T. Yamato5, Katsushi Yamaguchi6,
Shuji Shigenobu6, Masaki Shimamura7,
Takayuki Kohchi2and Peter Szovenyi1

6 Trans-Scale Biology Center, National Institute for
Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan. 7 Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Sex chromosomes have evolved independently
in many groups of plants and animals. Genetic
sex determination ensures obligate outcrossingthat may confer advantages against selfing. In
liverworts, sex is expressed in the haploid phaseand genetically determined by the presenceof a single U (female) or V (male) sex chromosome. The UV sex determination is ancestral inliverworts and represents the oldest sex chromosome system ever described (430 million yearsold). Although the transition to monoicy occurred
repeatedly in liverworts, its genomic basis has
been investigated only in one species (Ricciocarpos natans). Here we report on the chromosome-scale genome assembly of the monoicous
liverwort Marchantia quadrata, which diverged
from the dioicous M. polymorpha 125 million
years ago. We show that the M. quadrata genome consists of eight large and one (9 th) small
chromosome (1/10th of the size of the large eightchromosomes). The eight large chromosomes
are collinear with the eight autosomes of M. polymorpha showing many intra- but few inter-chromosomal rearrangements. By contrast, the small
9 th chromosome contains genes homologous to
the M. polymorpha V chromosome. Many genes
homologous to U-chromosome genes of M. polymorpha are absent from the M. quadrata genome or are relocated to the autosomes, including the major sex determining gene (Feminizer,
BPCU). These results imply that the transition from
dioecy to monoicy was achieved by the translocation of few crucial U-genes to the autosomes
and the loss of the U chromosome, while a larger
proportion of V-linked genes was retained on asegment of the V chromosome as chromosome
9. Our findings are remarkably similar to the recent observation made on R. natans, raising thepossibility that genomic changes underlying thetransition from dioecy to monoecy in liverworts
may be highly predictable.

1 Dept. of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 2 Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 3 Hudson Alpha Institute for
Biotechnology, Huntsville, University of Georgia,
Athens, USA. 5 Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan.

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S.068. FROM MULBERRIES TO FIGS: STUDIES IN
THE EVOLUTION OF MORACEAE
P.0610 Vegetative andflower structures: Moraceae
inflorescences and its link toplant shape

P.0611 Secretion dynamics
in the laticifer system of
Dorstenia cayapia Vell.
(Moraceae)

Thibaud Gaudry1,2, Yves Caraglio1, Artémis
Anest1

Felipe P. Ramos1,2*, Simone P. Teixeira2
1 Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,
Brazil. 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,
Brazil. *felipepramos@usp.br

1 AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD,
Montpellier, France. 2 University of Montpellier,Montpellier, France.
Moraceae is one of the largest and most diversified Angiosperm families. Some genera within thefamily, such as the genus Morus, are recognised
as having a highly conserved inflorescence: thefig. The acquisition of this inflorescence type
likely involved radiation within this genus. However, vegetative structural features in the family Moraceae are often disregarded: while the fig
is an extremely conserved innovation, the Morus
genus has been shown to express a huge varietyof architectures, defined by Hallé et al. (1978) as
the spatial and temporal arrangement of plantorgans across space and through time, whichis stable at the species scale. Plant architectureis acknowledged as holding traits resulting fromenvironmental selection and has also been attributed as a factor increasing speciation rates
under specific biotic conditions (e.g., herbivory).
The vegetative structural diversity of the genus
Morus and the entire family Moraceae may thus
have played a decisive role in explaining its current species diversity. In this study, we used descriptions of inflorescences in relation to plantstructure, along with comparative phylogenetic
analyses, to establish the first relations between
plant vegetative diversity and inflorescence conservatism in the genus Morus and inflorescencediversity in the whole Moraceae family. Here,
we propose that sexual reproduction efficiency might have been supported by an effective
space occupation strategy and functional partitioning within the whole plant architecture.

Secretory structures produce, storage and/or release specialized metabolites that mediate theinteraction between plants and their environment.
Studying the detailed cellular events in the secretion process are crucial for a better understandingof their functions. In this study, we aimed to characterize the microscopic diversity of forms involvedin laticifer differentiation and latex production in
Dorstenia cayapia Vell. This monoecious widelydistributed herb is relevant due to its pollination bysmall insects and the presence of white milky latex, a significant characteristic of Moraceae. Developing staminate and pistillate inflorescences were
processed for anatomical (light microscopy) andultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) analyses. The laticifer is articulated, branched,and occur close to the vascular bundles. The precursor laticifer cells are numerous, with ameboid
nuclei, pecto-cellulosic walls and dense cytoplasm
that contains dictyosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, amyloplasts and mitochondria.
Microtubules are observed rearranging plasma
membranes, possibly allowing the branching of thelaticifer. Developing laticifer cells show a high number of small vacuoles, which later fuse to form a
massive vacuole. The cytoplasm of fully developed
laticifers is less dense, maintains the ameboid nuclei, and the latex is found exclusively inside vacuoles. Most organelles persist but are less frequent.
As the vacuoles expand and fill with latex, the nuclei
and organelles get closer to the cell wall. In the pistillate inflorescences, the latex appears to become
denser as the floral organs develop. Laticifer growthand latex production are events that happen simultaneously. The cytoplasm reduction may be

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associated to a degree of autophagy, commonlydescribed in articulated laticifers. Despite that, thepersistence of dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum
and mitochondria reveals a constant production oflatex. Our data show that several metabolites foundin the latex of D. cayapia are continuously produced,
indicating that they are not strictly tied to a specificlaticifer developmental stage.

S.069. FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF
NECTARMEDIATED PLANTPOLLINATOR
INTERACTIONS
P.0612 Cross-taxon
congruence between
plants and bumblebees inmountain grasslands along
an elevation gradient
Edoardo Asquini1,2, Simone
Ghassempour2, Desiderato Annoscia2,Davide Frizzera2, Silvia Parenzan2, Elisa
Seffin2, Tatiana Trifonova2, Giacomo
Trotta2,3, Marco Vuerich2,4, Pietro
Zandigiacomo2, Virginia Zanni2,4,
Francesco Nazzi2,4, Francesco Boscutti2,4
1 University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. 2 University of
Udine, Udine, Italy. 3 University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
4 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
Climate change is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. The alteration of plant andanimal fitness and their range shift are prominent
evidence of climate change ecosystem alterations.
Climate-driven impacts on biodiversity are exacerbated by the interplay of climate change andland use and management. This research aims at
parsing the congruence between plant and bumblebees’ biodiversity in mountains grassland along
an elevation gradient, here used as a proxy of thevariation induced by climate change. The study wasset in the South-Eastern Alps (Italy) where plant andbumblebee communities were sampled in 25 secondary grasslands distributed along an elevation
gradient of 1,500 vertical meters (i.e. from 100 m to1,600 m.a.s.l., 5 elevations x 5 mountain areas). Plant
species were recorded in 10 x 10 m plots at the growing peak; bumblebees were sampled in the same
areas on flowering plants, along a 100 m transect atfour points during the season (May, June-July, Au-

gust, and October). The preliminary results showedthat plant diversity was mainly driven by elevation,evidencing a positive relationship between α andβ diversity indices and elevation, while bumblebee diversity showed a weak response to elevation. Cross-taxon analysis suggests that plant andbumblebees diversities are linked together, but thestrength of the correlation varies along the elevation. These preliminary results suggest that climatechange might exert a direct effect on plant communities, potentially decreasing their diversity at
different scales; the aftermaths on bumblebees’
communities will thus be both indirect (i.e., mediated by plants) and direct (i.e., mediated by temperature and other environmental variables). This study
provides some useful interpretative tools to inform
concrete conservation actions in order to maintainthe ecosystem’s functionality.

P.0613 Compositionof the floral nectar in
Lithospermeae tribe(Boraginaceae) and theirpollinators
Daniele Calabrese1,2, Massimo Guarnieri1,
Massimo Nepi1,2
1 MAEC Lab - Department of Life Science, Universityof Siena, Siena, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future
Center, Palermo, Italy
In recent years, a central role was recognized to thestudy of nectar chemistry in shaping the interactions
between plants and pollinators. This work describes
the chemical profile of the floral nectar of Mediterranean Lithospermeae used to identify possible associations with pollinators’ guild. The pollinators thatinteract most with the studied Lithospermeae spe-

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cies are long-tongued bees (Apidae and Megachilidae families) but also specialized or non-specialized dipterans and moths and some short-tongued
bees. A particular adaptation has been identified
in some instances linking plant and pollinators in avery specialist relationship (e.g., Andrena solenopalpa and Lithodora fruticosa). The hexose-dominant
profile of nectar is restricted to A. purpurocaeruleum,and it is associated with a purely generalist guild ofpollinators. The sucrose-rich profile is typical of Echium species, and it is the most interactive, as well as
the most widespread. The sucrose-dominant profile,typical of Onosma spp. it is the one that is the mostdependent on specialist pollinators. The Onosma
species, with corolla tubes up to 23mm, are visited
only by species morphologically suited to reachingnectar, such as Osmia apicata (Megachilidae: Osminii). The amino acid profile is more diversified andnot very constant among the Lithospermeae species of the collection. Among the most ubiquitous
amino acids are histidine, valine and tyrosine. The
concentrations also vary greatly, with proline being
the most concentrated amino acid. In general, in
the Lithospermeae species it seems that the floral
morphology rather than the sugar and amino acidprofile of floral nectar, describes the pollinator guild,
nonetheless species with highly sucrose-dominant
profile (>90%, i.e., Onosma species) are those mostdependent on specific pollinators.

P.0614 Aging nectar candy –17-year-old viscous nectar
discovered on an herbarium
sheet at University of AlaskaMuseum herbarium (ALA)

unique roles is paramount to maintaining the fragile plant-animal mutualism as a fitness benefit. Can
these roles be extended to avoid spoilage of nectar in
herbarium specimens? The primary goal of this study
was to analyze the nectar constituents in 17-year-old
viscous nectar candy in an herbarium sheet of Arctous rubra (Ericaceae). The chemical profiles of sugars and amino acids in the nectar samples included
glucose, sucrose and fructose and a predominanceof serine, alanine, proline and tyrosine over the otheramino acids. The total concentrations of sugars andamino acids are by one order of magnitude lower ascompared to the average content of these substances in floral nectar. The nectar contained extremely highconcentrations of secondary metabolites, three orders of magnitude higher than previously reported forany nectar sample. We hypothesize that the extremely
high concentrations of biogenic amines and the low
concentrations of sugars and amino acids obtained
from the 17-year-old nectar samples was accelerated
in the 17-year time span since the flowers were collected, possibly by nectar-dwelling microorganisms.
Although not often collected for the purpose of preserving nectar in flowers, this study shows another newuse of (old) herbarium specimens.

P.0615 Chemicalcomposition of floral nectarin Datura (Solanacea)
species.
Evelin Buitrago 1, Vania Jiménez Lobato
1, Juan Núñez-Farfán 2, Violeta PatiñoConde 3, José J. Virgen-Ortiz 4, Citlali
Colín-Chávez 4.
1 Autonomous University of Guerrero-CONAHCYT-LANASE, Guerrero, Mexico. 2 National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. 3
National School of Higher Studies Morelia Unit ENES,
Morelia, Mexico. 4 CONAHCYT - Food and Development Research Center, A.C - CIDAM, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.

Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond 1, Massimo
Guarnieri 2, Emanuelle Giordano 2,
Massimo Nepi 2,3
1 University of Alaska Museum of the North and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA. 2 Department of Life
Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. 3 NBCF,
National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
Nectar constituents have long been considered as amajor factor influencing plant-animal mutualism. For
many pollinators nectar represents the main source ofcarbohydrates, as well as a nutrient source of aminoacids. The chemical composition of nectar also makes
nectar attractive to nectar-infecting microorganisms
and fends of some nectar robbers. Balancing these

El género Datura (Solanaceae) es un grupo de hierbas anuales y arbustos perennes con sistema deapareamiento mixto. Filogenéticamente, se divide
en dos grandes clados, que se diferencian en el
tamaño de las flores. Las especies de Datura producen alcaloides tropano, siendo la escopolamina
y la hiosciamina las más abundantes. Los alcaloides
se sintetizan en las raíces, se almacenan en vacuolas y luego se trasladan a las hojas y las estructuras

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reproductivas, incluido el néctar floral. El néctar floral puede influir en interacciones tanto mutualistas
como antagónicas. De esta manera, el néctar floral
puede atraer a polinizadores especializados, disuadiendo a los herbívoros generalistas y a los ladronesde néctar. Asimismo, las características del néctar
floral pueden controlar el crecimiento de microorganismos que modifican la composición química
del néctar, afectando potencialmente la atracción
y/o comportamiento de los polinizadores y el éxito
reproductivo de las plantas. Se estudiaron cuatro
especies de Datura, dos de tamaño de flor grande(Datura discolor y Datura inoxia) y dos de tamaño
de flor pequeño (Datura kymatocarpa y Datura
pruinose). La composición química del néctar de lasflores y del tejido vascular (azúcares, aminoácidos yalcaloides) se determinó mediante HPLC. Los resultados indican una variación en la concentración dealcaloides entre el néctar floral y el floema, durante la ontogenia de las plantas y entre y dentro delas especies según su sistema de polinización. Los
resultados también apuntan a algún tipo de regulación de la composición química que controla ladiversidad y abundancia de la microbiota asociada. Asimismo, la concentración de azúcares y aminoácidos presentes en el néctar varía en el tiempo
entre especies, dependiendo de las preferencias
nutricionales del polinizador principal.

len was analyzed using both, light microscopy andscanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains were
found to be radially symmetrical and heteropolarwith the distal and proximal poles being different inshape and aperture presence. They are small in size,with an average polar axis length of17.9±0.8 μm, andan equatorial diameter of 12.8±0.4 μm. The P/E ratiois 1.42, indicating prolate shape with circular to triangular convex outline in polar view. The aperture
type is 3-syncolporate, with the colpal apices converging at the wider distal pole, and weakly definedpores positioned closer to it. Colpi range from 13.5 to
16.5 μm in length by 0.3 to 2.2 μm in width. Exine ornamentation was found as generally scabrate, predominantly in the equatorial area, with sparse perforations all over the surface. Sculptural elements,
recognized as scabrae, range from 70 to 260 nm
in length. Starting from the the narrowest equatorial region, where they are most densely distributed, towards the poles, scabrae appear smaller andrarer, being found sporadically at the proximal pole.
Based on SEM micrographs, the average number ofscabrae per 1 μm2 in the central mesocolpial area is
14,4. The exine layer covering the aperture has noticeably distinct ornamentation of the same pattern
as on the rest of the grain surface, but with more
densely distributed scabrae. Based on LM observation, exine thickness is 1.2±0.3 μm in average.

P.0616 Pollen
micromorphology of
Onosma stellulata Waldst.
& Kit. (Boraginaceae), an
endemic species of theBalkan Peninsula

P.0617 Standardizing themethod for the descriptionof microorganisms diversity
in Onosma spp. nectar andtheir pollinators guild
Samuele Pignedoli1, Daniele Calabrese1,2,Massimo Nepi1,2Marina Mačukanović-Jocić1, Snežana
Jarić2, Dragana Rančić1, Maja Terzić1
1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agrobotany, Belgrade, Serbia. 2 Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University ofBelgrade, Serbia.
Palynomorphological characteristics of the Balkan
endemic plant species, Onosma stellulata Waldst.
& Kit., was described for the first time in order tocontribute the taxonomy of Boraginaceae and melissopalynological investigation. The flowers werecollected from plants growing on the cliffs of theKomarnica River Canyon in Montenegro, and pol-1 Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
The study of microorganisms inhabiting floral nectar and their influence on floral visitors has been
extensively developed in the last decade. Nectar
microorganisms modify nectar chemistry consuming sugars and amino acids, shaping a new nectar
composition. Nectar acts as a selective filter against
microorganisms due to its high sugar concentrationand the presence of proteins and secondary compounds (NSC’s), the latter not only act as antimicrobials but may also have a controlling function on325

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visitors behavior. Studying the potential correlation
between the diversity of microorganisms in nectar,
on floral surfaces, and on visiting insects could provide valuable insights into the mutualistic relationship between visitors, nectar, and microorganisms.
Standardizing a method for collecting and describing microorganisms from nectar, floral surfaces andvisiting insects is thus necessary. The objective of
this study is to outline effective sampling and sample manipulation methods that can simplify subsequent research. Plants of the genus Onosma spp.
(Boraginaceae: Lithospermeae) can be particularly
suited for this study, as they produce a significant
amount of nectar and are pollinated by highly specific visitors. This feature offers an advantage by reducing random variables such as visits from generalist pollinators and the potential for significant
errors caused by small nectar quantities.

cies and between the two pollination strategies, aswell as variations across populations. Deceptive
species present larger inflorescence sizes, but fewer
and larger flowers. This might suggest that pollinators are attracted through more prominent visualsignals than in food-rewarding species. Conversely,
taxa that offer floral rewards display shorter inflorescence lengths but a higher number of small flowers,
a strategy possibly linked to increased reproductive
success through the visitation of multiple flowers.
In conclusion, this study shows the relevance of theanalysed variables in the reproductive success oforchids, revealing specific adaptations to different
pollination strategies depending on the species andthe environment.

P.0618 Deceptive vs.
rewarding Orchids: acomparative analysis of
reproductive strategies

P.0619 A comparative
reproductive study ofsympatric Mussaenda
taihokuensis and M.
parviflora var. formosana(Rubiaceae)

Elvira Sahuquillo Balbuena1, Eva Pardo1,2,
Manuel Pimentel Pereira1David W. Taylor1, Chia Hsin Tsai, Gregory J.
Anderson2, Jer-Ming Hu3.

1 Evolutionary Biology Research Group, Universityof A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. 2 Evolutionary Biology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre ofChemistry and Biology, University of A Coruña, A
Coruña, Spain.

1 Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, USA. 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, USA. 3 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National
Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Orchids represent one of the most diverse andwidely distributed plant families, and they show remarkably different reproductive strategies and pollination mechanisms. Some orchids deceive theirpollinators (sexual deception or mimicry), whereas others are nectariferous and offer rewards. This
study explores the impact of plant and inflorescence architecture in the reproductive successof four food rewarding and deceptive orchids. We
conducted a multivariate statistical analysis considering different morphological variables, such as
plant size, inflorescence length and number of flowers, and using the number of ripe fruits as an indicator of reproductive success. We focused on four
populations of two food-rewarding (Coeloglossum
viride and Gymnadenia conopsea) and two deceptive (Dactylorhiza cantabrica and Orchis mascula)species from Serra do Courel (Lugo, NW Spain). Our
results show significant differences in inflorescencelength and number of flowers among the four spe-

The approximately 200 species of Mussaenda(trees, shrubs, or lianas distributed in parts of
Old World subtropics and tropics) are characterized in part by having some or all flowers of an
inflorescence with one or more enlarged, white
to colored, petaloid calycophyll(s), and there isevidence that these calycophylls are importantin floral visitor recruitment in at least some Mussaenda species. However, Mussaenda taihokuensis Masamune, a Taiwan endemic, lacks these
calycophyll(s), and we here compare aspectsof its reproductive biology, including floral visitor
recruitment, to that of the calycophyll-bearing
and partially sympatric M. parviflora var. formosana Matsumura. Through crossing and selfing
experiments, pollen viability studies, and SEM examination of stigmatic structures, both of thesetaxa were confirmed to be functionally dioecious,
despite having morphologically hermaphroditic
flowers. The size, coloration, UV reflectance, and326

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other morphological features of flowers and inflorescences of functionally female and male individuals of both taxa were compared. Observations on floral phenology and measurements ofnectar volume and sucrose concentration overthe lifetime of flowers indicate that both of thesetaxa are adapted to diurnal pollination, which is
supported by our multiple 24-hour floral visitor
studies. Over 200 hours of floral visitor observation in three field seasons demonstrated that M.
parviflora var. formosana is visited by both bees
and butterflies whereas M. taihokuensis is almost

exclusively visited by bees. No particular butterfly species was found to be a consistent visitor
to M. parviflora var. formosana. A single speciesof carpenter bee was found to be the most consistent visitor to flowers of both taxa. The flowering season of M. taihokuensis was found to startearlier and to be shorter than that of M. parvifloravar. formosana, including where these taxa growsympatrically. Hybridization experiments between
these taxa yielded fruit and seeds with embryos
normal in appearance.

S.070. GENOMIC APPROACHES TO
UNDERSTANDING THE ECOLOGYAND EVOLUTION OF SYMBIOTIC ANDNONSYMBIOTIC MICROALGAE
P.0620 New species of
symbiotic Symbiochloris(Chlorophyta) associatedwith four genera of lichensin the Iberian Peninsula
María Honrubia-Martínez1, Patricia Moya2,
Sergio Pérez-Ortega3, Francisco Gasulla4,
Eva Barreno2, Isaac Garrido-Benavent1
1 Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain. Contact: mahonmar@alumni.uv.es 2 Instituto Cavanilles deBiodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva (ICBiBE) – Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Universitat deValència, Burjassot, Spain. 3 Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
4 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
The chlorophyte genus Symbiochloris was formallyerected in the last decade to encompass a cladeof free-living and/or lichenized coccoid green microalgae characterized by their lobed chloroplasts
and particular reproduction type. The genus currently includes 10 species, of which some are involved in symbioses with a wide range of lichenized
fungi, especially those forming relatively large foliose thalli in the genera Crocodia, Lobaria, Lobariella, Dendriscosticta and Sticta. A few Symbiochloris

species have also been found in crustose and granular-verrucose lichens. Here, we performed phylogenetic and transmission electronic microscopy
analyses to investigate the taxonomic identity of thephycobionts associated to four lichens occurringin Mediterranean forest ecosystems of the Iberian
Peninsula: Waynea stoechadiana (Abbassi Maaf
& Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux & P. Clerc, which forms minute,squamulose thalli, which are epiphytic on the barkcrevices of oaks, olive and carob trees; Phlyctis argena (Ach.) Flot., which often occurs on oak barkand forms whitish, smooth and sorediate thalli; Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & van den Boomthat forms epiphytic crustose and apotheciate thallion the bark of several trees and shrubs; and Leprocaulon quisquiliare (Leers) M. Choisy, whose thalli
are dimorphic, with the primary thallus forming soft,
leprose-granular crusts on acidic to neutral soils.
Despite these four lichens being unrelated phylogenetically and showing substantial differences intheir morphology and reproduction mode, we foundthat they associated with at least three new, undescribed Symbiochloris species. These new species
have been isolated into pure cultures that are kept
at the Symbiotic Algae Collection of the Universityof Valencia (ASUV). Our findings serve as a precedent for the importance of the study of rare, minutelichens for unravelling the diversity of lichenized microalgae of the Mediterranean.

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P.0621 Fungal, algal andbryophyte transport via
bird vectors revealed
using environmental
DNA metabarcoding andmicroscopy

P.0622 Relative abundance
and the partner quality
variation of Lotus japonicusassociated rhizobia in soil

Niko R. Johansson1,2, Ulla Kaasalainen1,
Jouko Rikkinen1,2

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,
Japan. 2 Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku
University, Sendai, Japan.

Chiharu Ota1, Masaru Bamba2, Shusei
Sato2, Takashi Tsuchimatsu1

1 Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland. 2 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Birds appear as intuitive dispersal vectors for various plants, fungi, algae and other organisms, but
concrete evidence of bird-mediated transfer ofbiological material is scarce for most taxa. Thisis especially true for biota producing microscopic propagules, such as fungi, lichens, bryophytes
and terrestrial algae. To produce concrete evidence on what taxa can be associated with bird
vectors, we used a dual approach of light microscopy and environmental DNA metabarcoding to
identify biological material present in bird feathers and feet. Firstly, fresh preserved bird specimens from the Finnish Museum of Natural History
were screened with light microscopy. Secondly,swabs of live birds sampled during bird ringing
were analyzed using environmental DNA metabarcoding targeting fungal taxa. Based on bothsurveys, a diverse set of transported organisms
were identified. Using microscopy, most common recovered propagules were fungal spores,
bryophyte fragments and lichen symbiotic dispersal units. eDNA survey identified diverse taxa
with multiple ecologies and lifestyles, including
wood-decaying fungi, saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi, plant and animal pathogenic fungiand lichenized fungi. Numerous terrestrial green
algal species, symbiotic and non-symbiotic, werealso discovered. Our results identify a large anddiverse pool of species for which birds may function as a dispersal vector. For many taxa, this is
the first evidence of their potential interaction
with birds. Birds could be especially important in
the dispersal of specialist taxa, providing directed transport to suitable microsites for establishment, or as strong fliers contribute to long-distance dispersal events.

Interactions between legumes and rhizobia are
the remarkable example of mutualism, in whichrhizobia fix nitrogen in legume root nodules andlegume plants allow them to grow in the nodules.
The legume-rhizobia mutualism has often reported to be highly specific, such that a rhizobial
species interacts with specific groups of legumes.
It has also been suggested that there is extensive rhizobial variation in partner quality in termsof returning benefits to a partner. Since rhizobia
in nodules are released back into soil, such hostspecificities and partner quality variation may
influence the composition of microbiota in soil
through the feedback of legume-rhizobia interactions. In this study, we used Lotus japonicus of
natural habitats in Japan to quantify the relative
abundance of its symbiotic rhizobia in soil and thedifferences in their performance on host growth.
16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis revealed
that the abundance of Mesorhizobium bacteria,
symbionts of L. japonicus, greatly varied among
samples collected from the nearby local habitats.
Inoculation experiments of the soil-extracted microbiome showed that the relative abundance ofMesorhizobium bacteria in microbiomes and thepresence of L. japonicus in local habitats had significant positive effects on plant growth, supporting the influence of plant-soil feedback on the relative abundance and partner quality of rhizobia.

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S.072. GENOMICS OF LOCAL ADAPTATION.
P.0623 Migration andinterbreeding shaped thephylogeography and niche
adaptation of the ancestral
grass Brachypodium stacei
Campos Cáceres1,2, Ernesto PérezCollazos1,2, Antonio Díaz-Pérez1,3,4, Diana
López-Alvarez1,5, Ali Oumouloud6, Luis Mur7,
John Vogel*8, Pilar Catalán1,2
1 Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del MedioNatural. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca.
Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca. Spain. 2 Grupo
de Bioquímica, Biofísica y Biología Computacional(BIFI-UNIZAR y EEAD-CSIC). 3 GESPLAN S.A., Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 4 Universidad Central de Venezuela, Instituto de Genética, Facultadde Agronomía, Maracay, Venezuela. 5 Universidad
Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Palmira, Colombia. 6 Institute Agronomique etVétérinaire Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco. 7 Instituteof Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences,
Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth, UK. 8 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, USA.
The annual diploid species Brachypodium stacei isthe most ancestral lineage of the Brachypodium
grass model genus but also the less investigatedtaxon of the B. distachyon complex. B. stacei showsa wide circum-Mediterranean distribution, ranging from Macaronesia to Israel. Our study aimed touncover the phylogeographic history of 17 B. stacei
populations (46 individuals) using a genome-wide
SNP data set and full plastome sequences. Phylogenetic and genetic structure analysis of nuclear
SNP data revealed the existence of six main genetic
groups, indicating a successive diverging pattern of
B. stacei lineages from Sicily and Balearic Islands toGreece, Canary Islands, Israel, and the western Mediterranean. Coalescence-based dating analysis revealed a very recent split of B. stacei lineages fromthe crown ancestor in the Late Quaternary (0.27
Ma), suggesting the occurrence of repeated extinctions followed by radiation of young populations.
Genetic diversity estimators indicated low levels of
population genetic diversity and high selfing rates
for this strongly inbred species. However, phylogenomic analysis using whole plastome sequence

data showed incongruent evolutionary relationshipsof population samples with those retrieved by the
nuclear data, pointing to the plausible existence ofinterbreeding and chloroplast capture events between populations. Dispersal and demographic
models of B. stacei populations selected the best
scenario for an early split of sister lineages in thewestern Mediterranean continental islands and the
Canary Islands, followed by two independent colonization events to the eastern Mediterranean region
by LDD, and bottlenecking events. Climatic datasuggest that B. stacei is adapted to warm climaticconditions in the southern Mediterranean region although ecological niche models differentiated between an aridic Eastern niche, a less aridic Western
niche, and a Macaronesian-type niche. Our findings
indicate that the phylogeography of B. stacei populations was shaped by recent radiations, extinctions,long-distance dispersal events, occasional interbreeding, and adaptation to local climates.

P.0624 Chromosome level
genome assembly of
Megacodon stylophorus
identified two rounds ofwhole genome duplications
in tribe Gentianeae.
Chunlin Chen1,2, Minghui Kang2,
Pengchuan Sun2, Landi Feng2, Jianquan
Liu2
1 Escuela Politecnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain. 2 Key Laboratory
for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College ofLife Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Whole genome duplications are increasingly being unraveled in the diversification of many plantclades and were associated with plants adapting to
extreme environments. However, the extent to whichwhole genome duplications influenced the species
radiation of plants in the harsh Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is largely unknown. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of Megacodon
stylophorus from tribe Gentianeae, an iconic plantlineage that is widespread among the Qinghai-Tibet
Plateau. The assembled genome size of Megaco-329

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don sylophorus is 2,240.42 Mb, with a scaffold N50
length of 164.5Mb. We revealed two rounds of wholegenome duplications specific to tribe Gentianeae
based on synteny analysis and Ks analysis. In addition, we further identified eight aspects of high-altitude adaptation based on gene family expansion
analysis and positive selection analysis. Specifically, seven out of the eight aspects were contributed
from gene family expansion, which is likely resulted
from the two rounds of whole genome duplication
events. Our results highlight the role of whole genome duplication in the radiation of plant lineages
occurring in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

This dual focus may explain why tetraploids exhibita robust adaptation to cold environments, yet notsignificantly stronger compared to their diploid relatives.

P.0626 Effect of glaciermelting on the genetic
structure and differentiationof Macrocystis pyrifera in
the Patagonian Andes, Chile
Diana Coral-Santacruz1,2, Máximo
Gonzales3, Nicolas Segovia1,4, Pilar A.
Haye1,4, Andrés Mansilla5,6

P.0625 Thermal
effects on the origin
and establishment of
Arabidopsis arenosa

1 Laboratorio de Diversidad Marina, Departamento
de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar,
Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile. 2
Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile. 3 Centro de Estudios de Zonas Áridas, La Serena, Chile.
4 Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera, Coquimbo, Chile. 5 Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Departamento deCiencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. 6 Cape Horn International Center, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta
Arenas, Chile.

Yu Cheng1, Filip Kolář1,2, Roswitha
Schmickl1,2
1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic. 2 Institute ofBotany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice,
Czech Republic.
The effect of temperature on the establishment ofpolyploidy has been a long-term mystery, and it
has been hypothesized that polyploids are better
adapted to temperature extremes than their diploidprogenitors. Given the increasing challenges thatplants and animals face due to global warming, thisstudy explores polyploids’ molecular basis of theiradaptation to thermal fluctuations, using Arabidopsis arenosa from the family Brassicaceae as themodel system. This species crosses multiple temperature zones along its distribution, and its various
intraspecific lineages adapted to diverse environmental conditions, including northern latitudes. In
this study, I utilized genotype-environment association analysis and 222 genome-sequenced diploidand 410 tetraploid populations (total 632 individuals) to investigate the impact of harsh environmentson the adaptation of A. arenosa, namely selected
genes. Based on the initial findings from this analysis, significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with the coldest
temperature in the coldest month were observed
between diploids and tetraploids. Our preliminary
findings indicate that genes strongly associatedwith cold temperatures in tetraploid A. arenosa encompass both stress response and DNA regulation.

During the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years ago),
the Patagonian Andes (between 46º and 55ºS)
were covered in ice. Currently, this area presents
heterogeneity of marine ecosystems with different
habitats distributed among fjords, channels, and archipelagos, as a result of the advance and retreat ofice masses since the Quaternary. Chilean Patagonia
represents 88% of the total glaciated area and harbors a great diversity of fauna and flora, including
important endemisms, being declared a Biosphere
Reserve for being a hotspot of cryptogam species.
However, anthropogenic climate change has accelerated global warming, causing a significant increase in glacier melting (GM) since 1961, which has
intensified in the last decade. In this study, the effect of GM on the genetic-environmental response
in Macrocystis pyrifera, a brown macroalga that
forms abundant biomass underwater forests, inhabiting protected and exposed zones of the subtidal rocky area, considered a key species and susceptible to environmental changes, was evaluated.
Tissue samples were collected from the fronds ofyoung individuals of M. pyrifera from six populations,
three located in the Mountains Fjord (MF) (51º10’53”S,
73º17’08”W) and three in the Beagle Channel (BC)330

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Poster presentations(54º52’32”S, 68º08’11”W). Through massive sequencing using GBS, 2,444 SNPs dispersed throughout the
genome of M. pyrifera were obtained and used formarine landscape genomics analysis. Adaptive divergence was detected among populations of M.
pyrifera that are exposed to GM versus those populations not exposed to these conditions. At thegenetic-population level, differences attributed togeographic distance (between MF and BC) andvariations in salinity and turbidity, mainly in populations influenced by GM, were detected. These results
suggest that M. pyrifera exhibits putative signals of
local adaptation that have allowed it to persist in
this changing environment.

P.0627 Impact of mining
activities on the genomic
diversity of black spruce(Picea mariana) in Arctic
and Sub-Arctic ecosystems

in these vital but vulnerable ecosystems. Preliminary
results are pending, promising to offer significant
contributions to the field of conservation genomics
and sustainable management practices.

P.0628 Genetic andmorphological investigationof seed shattering incommon buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum).
Gunko Elizaveta M.1, Logacheva Maria D.1,2,
Fesenko Alexey N.3, Fesenko Ivan N.3
1 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia. 2 IITP RAS, Moscow, Russia. 3
All-Russian Research Institute of Leguminous andCereal Crops, Orel, Russia.

Mingming Cui1, Juan Carlos Villarreal
Aguilar2, Ilga Mercedes Porth1, Damase P.
Khasa1
1 Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt,Lavel University, Quebec, Canada. 2 Département
de Biologie, Lavel University, Quebec, Canada.
The Ecogenomics of Mining Areas for Sustainable
Canadian North (GENOSCAN) project aims to explore
the ecological consequences of mining activities,
compounded by climate change, on the soil-plantmicrobiomes within Arctic and sub-Arctic ecosystems. This study focuses on the genomic analyses of black spruce (Picea mariana) populationsin Northern Quebec, employing advanced omics
tools to assess genetic variation under environmental stress. Utilizing a double-digested genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach on the NovaSeq 6000 platform, we analyzed 268 samples fromtwo distinct populations, Schefferville and Fermont,each under natural and mine-impacted conditions.
With approximately 15 individuals from 10 sites per
population, including both natural and mine-impacted sites, this comprehensive dataset provides
a unique insight into the effects of mining on plant
genetic diversity in northern ecosystems. The goalof this investigation is to elucidate the genomic alterations in black spruce as a response to mining
activities, thus contributing to the understanding ofenvironmental resilience and adaptation strategies

Seed shattering is an important mechanism serving to disperse seeds far from the mother plant.
In domesticated cultivars however this trait is unfavorable because it leads to the loss of yield. As
well as many other agriculturally important traits,
it underwent selection independently in different
species, being the part of the domestication syndrome. The subject of our study is common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), an orphan cropfrom the family Polygonaceae. While nearly all
cultivated varieties of buckwheat are non-shattering, shattering habit is retained in wild ancestor, F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale. Despite being
an important trait for breeding, seed shatteringin buckwheat is poorly studied. We studied theprocesses which happen in the pedicels during
abscission from anatomical and genetic point ofview. Using histological sectioning of pedicels wecharacterized abscission zone (AZ) in F. esculentum ssp. ancestrale. Comparative transcriptome
analysis of shattering and non-shattering buckwheat samples using RNA-seq allowed us to describe the dynamics of AZ development. We foundthat abscissic acid (ABA) response genes are important contributors to this process at early steps;
later steps are characterized by the involvementof cell wall modifying enzymes. Also we have performed bulk segregate analysis to locate the genomic region which contains the gene responsible
for seed shattering. The most plausible candidate
to be a regulator of fruit abscission in buckwheat
is JOINTLESS, which was previously described in tomato. Its ortholog in buckwheat is located in theassociated region.

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P.0629 Genetic architectureof ecological divergence
between Oryza rufipogon
and O. nivara

P.0630 Population genomics
of a cosmopolitan weed
Lucas M. S.1,2, Hensen I. 1,2, Barratt C. D.
1, Durka W.1,3, Nagy D. U.2, Onstein R. E.
1,4, Rosche C. B. 1,2Lucas M. S.1,2, Hensen I.
1,2, Barratt C. D. 1, Durka W.1,3, Nagy D. U.2,
Onstein R. E. 1,4, Rosche C. B. 1,2

Qing-Lin Meng1,2, Cheng-Gen Qiang1,2, JiLong Li1,2, Song Ge1,2
1 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China. 2 University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China.
Ecological divergence due to habitat difference
plays a prominent role in the formation of new
species but the genetic architecture during ecological speciation and the mechanism underlying
phenotypic divergence remain less understood.
Two wild ancestors of rice (O. rufipogon and O. nivara) are a progenitor-derivative species pair withecological divergence and provide a unique system for studying ecological adaptation/speciation. Here, we constructed a high-resolution linkage map and conducted a quantitative trait locus(QTL) analysis of 19 phenotypic traits using an F2
population generated from a cross between the
two Oryza species. We identified 113 QTLs associated with interspecific divergence of 16 quantitative
traits, with effect sizes ranging from 1.61% to 34.1%
in terms of the percentage of variation explained(PVE). The distribution of effect sizes of QTLs followed a negative exponential, suggesting thata few genes of large effect and many genes ofsmall effect were responsible for the phenotypic
divergence. We observed 18 clusters of QTLs (QTL
hotspots) on 11 chromosomes, significantly morethan that expected by chance, demonstrating theimportance of coinheritance of loci/genes in ecological adaptation/speciation. Analysis of effectdirection and v-test statistics revealed that interspecific differentiation of most traits was driven by divergent natural selection, supporting theargument that ecological adaptation/speciation
would proceed rapidly under coordinated selection on multiple traits. Our findings provide new
insights into the understanding of genetic architecture of ecological adaptation and speciation inplants and helps effective manipulation of specific genes or gene cluster in rice breeding.

1 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Germany. 2 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. 3 Helmholtz Center for
Environmental Research, Germany. 4 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands.
Understanding genetic mechanisms of high throughput data facilitates landscape genomic approaches to infer how dispersal is controlled by adaptive vs.
non-adaptive drivers of gene flow. Invasive plant species are suitable study models because non-native
populations are often prone to rapid genomic changes as a result of colonizing a novel range. However,many studies on invasive plants compared only a few
populations in large distributions, underestimating
variation within each range, and restricting their ability
to predict the native source region and the identification of drivers of gene flow. We explore the genomic
structure of 109 native and 183 non-native populationsof Conyza canadensis across the Northern Hemisphere using ddRADseq. Conyza canadensis is an interesting model to investigate global gene dispersal
because it is a successful invader with a cosmopolitan distribution and an economically significant agricultural weed. We test the hypothesis that an interplay
between environmental gradients and non-adaptive,
demographic processes dictates its global genomic
structure. Results suggest strong differentiation among
populations and low variation within populations. We
also found pronounced differentiation between the
genomic structures of native vs. non-native populations. Partial Mantel tests showed a significant correlation between genetic distances and both spatial
and climatic distances of the populations. However,isolation by environment was more pronounced in thenative ranges whereas isolation by distance was predominant in the non-native ranges. Furthermore, clustering analysis using admixture coefficients shed lighton how population history dictates biotic interactions
across large spatio-environmental scales. Our results
suggest that high selfing rates determine the global
genomic structure. Gene flow among native populations is controlled by functional connectivity whereas
non-deterministic dispersal probabilities drive genetic differentiation in the non-native ranges. Upcoming332

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analyses will be presented at IBC 2024 including geneflow to illustrate the magnitude of relative migration
rates and the clustering of similar sampled areas.

P.0631 Genomic signaturesof adaptation in English
yew (Taxus baccata L.) at
different spatial scales
Thomas Francisco1, Santiago C.
González-Martínez1, Miquel Riba2,8,Katharina B. Budde3, Marco Heurich4,
Sara Pinosio5, Giovanni G. Vendramin5,
Marjana Westergren6, Stephen Cavers7,
Maria Mayol2,8
1 INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France. 2
Univ. Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès,
Spain. 3 Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Münden, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Biology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 5
Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources IBBR-CNR,
Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. 6 Slovenian Forestry Institute,
Ljubljana, Slovenia. 7 UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK. 8 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Studies on how tree species adapt to major environmental drivers have acquired great relevance in thelast years. This has been fostered by increasing societal
demands to produce sound forest management andconservation plans in the context of climate change.
However, most of the studies involve widespread spe-

cies of economic value, which have substantial geneflow among populations and therefore large effective
population sizes. The importance and scale of local
adaptation in non-model tree species with distinctive life-history traits and usually occurring as small
and isolated populations, has received comparatively
less attention, despite its relevance for conservation.
English yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a long-lived tree native to Eurasian temperate and Mediterranean forestsfrom North Africa to Scandinavia, and from the Iberian
Peninsula to the Caspian Sea. Despite its wide range,
the species is typically distributed in small stands and/or isolated populations. As a result, genetic diversity
in English yew is highly structured, both at the local
and the species-wide scales. A high degree of environmental heterogeneity within the species’ range,
together with reduced gene flow among populations,seems to have promoted adaptation to local environments. This is evident in phenotypic variability in acommon garden and climate-associated SNPs fromseveral candidate genes. Here, we combine genomic
and phenotypic data to provide novel evidence regarding adaptation in this iconic tree. We characterized variation at 1,077 candidate genes (~12,000 SNPs)
in 40 populations (~600 trees) covering an extensive
environmental gradient in Europe. We used this data
to test how admixture between previously identified
divergent lineages affects the adaptive potential of
populations. Finally, at the Iberian Peninsula scale,based on a sampling of 33 populations (341 trees) and~8,000 SNPs, we searched for associations between
genetic polymorphisms and phenotypic variation
found in key leaf functional traits.

S.073. GEOPHYTIC MONOCOTS: TAXONOMY
AND THE EVOLUTION OF SUCCULENCE
P.0632 Overexpressionof ABA receptor PYL1_5m
enhances drought tolerancein Nicotiana benthamiana
through agonist
combinations
Reyes Mora1, Constanza Martin-Vasquez1,
Jordi Sevilla2, Pedro L. Rodríguez1.

1 Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC/UPV), Valencia, Spain. 2 Unidad Mixta“Infección y Salud Pública” FISABIO-Universitat deValència (I2SysBio), Valencia, Spain.
Climate change and global warming are imposing
severe challenges on agricultural productivity. Escalating temperatures and increased drought incidence are major constraints on crop yields. Plants
respond to abiotic stress, particularly drought, byorchestrating adaptive mechanisms through theabscisic acid (ABA) hormone, enhancing survival
and productivity in water-stressed environments.

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The PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor family and the type 2C
phosphatase (PP2C) subfamily mediate the ABA response. Targeting ABA signaling presents a promising avenue in plant biotechnology to alleviate theadverse effects of drought on crops. This includes
the development of chemical compounds mimicking ABA action and genetic strategies, such as theconstitutive activation of ABA-mediated plant responses via ABA receptor overexpression. This study
focuses on the overexpression of the ABA receptor
PYL15m in Nicotiana benthamiana, assessing drought
response using innovative agonist molecules, iSB09
and X1. The synergistic combination of these agonists significantly enhances water use efficiency inagriculture. Physiological, photosynthetic, and gene
expression parameters were meticulously measured to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying these interventions. Our findings contribute toadvancing the fundamental understanding of plant
responses to water stress and hold practical implications for the development of more resilient andresistant crops. This innovative perspective contributes to the ongoing efforts to create crops capableof withstanding the challenges posed by global climate change and ensuring global food security.

P.0633 Artificial Intelligencein plant genomics:
assessing mutational
effects beyond modelorganisms

genomic data, the application of computational
methods becomes crucial. In recent years, several tools have been developed with a clear inclination towards the integration of artificial intelligence
techniques, focusing on human variants or modelorganisms without a standardized methodology. To
test their performance in plants and compare theeffectiveness of different methods, we applied themost promising tools in a curated diverse dataset ofplant variants, annotated with their effect based on
experimental evidence. This will provide insight into
the extent to which artificial intelligence designed
for human variants or model species can be extrapolated to the genomic context of plants, enabling anassessment of whether its adoption should be further explored in the plant community.

P.0634 The geneticarchitecture of somephenological andreproduction-related
morphological traits inChouardia litardierei(Hyacinthaceae) as
revelaed by GWAS
Sara Laura Šarančić 1, Nikolina Pleić 2,3,
Krešimir Križanović 4, Ivan Radosavljević 1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 2 Department ofMedical Biology, School of Medicine, University of
Split, Split, Croatia. 3 University of Applied Sciences ASPIRA, Split, Croatia. 4 Department of Electronic Systems and Information Processing, Faculty ofElectrical Engineering and Computing, University ofZagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Eva Pardo Otero1, Verónica Bolón
Canedo2, Rosalía Piñeiro Portela3
1 Evolutionary Biology Research Group, Center of Information and Communication Technologies, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. 2 Laboratory
for Research and Development in Artificial Intelligence, Center of Information and Communication
Technologies, University of A Coruña, A Coruña,
Spain. 3 Evolutionary Biology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Chemistry and Biology,
University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
In plants, the study of the genomic basis of adaptation has mostly focused on the identification of favourable genetic variants. However, the role played
by deleterious mutations is less explored. The accumulation of unfavourable mutations leads to a
genetic load that can reduce fitness. In this context, predicting the mutational effect is a significant
step and, given the increasing availability of plant

Chouardia litardierei (Hyacinthaceae) is a bulbous, perennial species of the western parts of
the Balkan Peninsula. It is characterized by a pronounced ecological plasticity since its populations
are distributed across contrasting habitat types:
karst poljes, wet meadows near the seashore, anddry mountain slopes. Thus, C. litardierei presents avaluable model for addressing one of the central
questions of evolutionary biology: what genomic
mechanisms underlie local adaptation and ecological divergence? Here we present the resultsof a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that
aimed at elucidating the genetic architecture ofsome complex traits in studied species. For this334

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purpose, we set the common garden experimentwith 214 individuals from nine selected populations, three representing each assumed ecotype.
We performed comprehensive morphometric andphenological analyses and genotyped all individuals using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach. Finally, we combined all the obtained results in a comprehensive study to characterize thegenotype-phenotype relations of selected traits.
For the analysis, we used 24,660 SNPs, five reproduction-related morphological, and five phenological traits. All traits were considered polygenic,
and GWAS analyses were performed assuming
an additive genetic model. For each association
analysis, we considered two different statistical
approaches: the frequentist single-locus models
and Bayesian multi-locus models. Within the single-locus models, for each trait, we fitted a standard linear mixed model (LMM) in GEMMA, as well
as a Poisson linear mixed model in GMMAT for traits
that represented count data, to correctly model
the trait’s distribution. Within the multi-locus models, we fitted a Bayesian sparse linear mixed model(BSLMM) and a latent Dirichlet Process Regression(DPR) model for each trait. Results were visualizedusing Manhattan and QQ plots. Multiple candidateloci were detected for different traits, and the results are being discussed.

ae) is a bulbous perennial monocot species thatoccupies contrasting habitats. Its populations occupy wet meadows in coastal areas of the eastern
Adriatic, periodically flooded karst poljes across the
Dinaric Alps, and rocky and arid slopes of limestone
and dolomite mountains in southern parts of its distribution range, thus forming three distinct ecotypes.
Although morphologically hardly distinguishable,
they thrive in highly contrasting climatic and soil environments. To investigate the genomic backgroundof their local adaptation, we performed a comprehensive genome-environment association analysis.
After sampling 33 selected populations across theentire distribution range, sequencing of 129 samples
following the ddRAD-seq approach was performed.
A set of 8,357 SNPs was obtained and used in several
different approaches with the goal of detecting lociunder possible selection. Finally, we annotated recognized loci against the available C. litardierei draft
genome and online databases.

P.0636 Conservation
genomics of the narrowendemic Zoysi’s harebell(Favratia zoysii Feer)
Garima Singh1, Marco Canella1, Sara
Natale1, Nicoletta La Rocca1, Alessandro
Alboresi1, Barbara Baldan1, Špela
Pungaršek2, Francesco dal Grande1

P.0635 Genomeenvironment association
study uncovers lociassociated with local
adaptation in Chouardia
litardierei (Hyacinthaceae)

1 University of Padova, Padova, Italy. 2 The Slovenian
Museum of Natural History, ljubljana Slovenia.

Sara Laura Šarančić1, Damjan Mitić1,
Krešimir Križanović2, Ivan Radosavljević1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 2 Department
of Electronic Systems and Information Processing,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing,
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Environmental heterogeneity is considered to be
one of the major stimuli of the speciation process.
By purging genes maladapted to specific environments and supporting the ones that underlay
the well-adapted traits, natural selection enables
adaptive divergence as a crucial step in lineages’
differentiation. Chouardia litardierei (Hyacinthace-

Alpine plants with small, disjunct populations areamong the most vulnerable to extinction due toclimate change. In fact, under the global change
scenario, it is predicted that several alpine species may decline and be replaced by those fromlower elevation through upward range extension.
Such species therefore require immediate efforts
for assessing their fitness and vulnerability to climate change to plan adequate biodiversity management and recovery. Here we studied Favratia
zoysii, a narrow endemic chasmophyte plant ofSouth-east Alps to evaluate its adaptive potential
and conservation status. Briefly, after obtaining ahigh-quality reference genome, we implemented
a low-coverage whole genome resequencing approach on 150 individuals from the entire distribution range. We found that the F. zoysii populations
show signatures of genetic vulnerability and char-335

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acteristics of declining populations. We propose aroad map to management and recovery for thisspecies that could be extended to alpine endemics having small population sizes.

P.0637 Population genomics
reveals the evolutionary
history of climate
adaptation in JapaneseArabidopsis halleri
Ryo Suda1, Shosei Kubota2, Shin-Ichi
Morinaga3, Takashi Tsuchimatsu1

trasting allelic distributions among the regions.
Furthermore, the distribution areas during the LGP
were estimated to be the lowland plains. Thesefindings indicate that Japanese A. halleri expanded its distribution during the LGP and adapted towarmer climates in the lowlands of WJ and KR following the postglacial climate change.

P.0638 Exploring adaptiveroles of terpene volatiles inthe diversification of plantpollinator interactions in
Asarum sect. Herotropa

1 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 2 Fasmac Co., Ltd.,
Kanagawa, Japan 3 Department of Natural & Environmental Science, Teikyo University of Science,
Tokyo, Japan.
Plants widely distributed in the climatically diverse
Japanese archipelago can provide insights into
the mechanisms of local adaptation. Arabidopsis
halleri subsp. Gemmifera is ideal plants for analyzing the genetic background of local adaptation, as it is distributed widely across Japan andis closely related to the model plant A. thaliana.
Although previous studies have reported various
morphological and ecological variations in wild
populations of this species, comprehensive analysis of its evolutionary history and genetic basisof adaptation has been limited. This study aims
to understand geographical differentiation andclimate adaptation of Japanese A. halleri. We analyzed whole genome resequence data from 141
wild strains across the archipelago to elucidate
population structure, evolutionary history among
subpopulations, genomic regions showing correlations with environmental gradients or selection
signatures, and potential distribution areas basedon climate variables. We found clear geographical differentiation, classifying individuals into four
subpopulations: Northern Japan (NJ), Central Japan (CJ), Kansai Region (KR), and Western Japan(WJ). Population demographic analyses suggested that NJ population first diverged and that all
differentiations occurred during the Last Glacial
Period (LGP). Signatures of selection were enrichedin the genomic regions correlated with higher
temperatures in WJ and KR populations, as well aswith lower precipitation in CJ and NJ populations.
These genomic regions included genes related tohigh-temperature and stress responses, with con-Anna K. Valchanova1,2, Satoshi Kakishima3,
Kanako Sekimoto4, Yudai Okuyama2
1 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 2 Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature andScience, Tsukuba, Japan. 3 Mt. Fuji Institute for
Nature and Biology, Showa University, Fujiyoshida, Japan. 4 Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
The genus Asarum sect. Heterotropa (Aristolochiaceae) is highly diversified across the Japanesearchipelago and exhibits remarkable variation infloral phenotypes, especially floral scent. This isthought to be an adaptive mechanism to attract
local pollinators, by oviposition-site mimicry. However, the pollinators of most species remain unknown. Terpenes make up a significant componentof the floral scents, and their expression acrossthe phylogeny is highly variable. This study investigates how terpene floral volatiles can function
as an adaptive trait by facilitating plant-pollinatorinteractions, and their evolutionary significance.
To establish the link between the terpene volatiles
and the pollinators, we characterised the floral
scent profiles of over 30 Heterotropa species using
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), from which we found that terpene content
varies significantly. We are collecting pollination
data by time lapse photography and identification of eggs laid inside flowers sampled from fieldsites around Japan. We have tentatively identified
dipteran pollinators for three Heterotropa species(Phoridae and Mycetophilidae). Preliminary datafrom other species, including terpene-rich species, suggests that Heterotropa rely principally on
species-specific dipterans for pollination, and that
there may be a link between terpenes and certain
Phoridae species. To determine the evolutionary336

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significance of the terpene volatiles, we should
characterise the genetic basis of terpene emission. Therefore, we identified candidate terpene
synthase genes from the floral transcriptomes ofterpene-rich species. We then isolated and characterised their function by heterologous expression in E. coli, followed by an enzymatic assay
with the crude protein extract. One gene, TPS10B,
showed unique monoterpene synthase activity,
producing volatiles which correspond to the floral
scent profiles of the Heterotropa species in which
it is highly expressed. Having identifiedTPS10Bas
one key component of the terpene genotype, weare currently characterising the other candidate
genes, and will then test for evidence of natural
selection.

P.0639 Cytotaxonomyof the Cape-pondweed
family (Aponogetonaceae)
in India: scopes andlimitations56) and A. undulatus (2n = 86) with high ploidy
were sterile and propagated vegetatively. Meiosis in these species was abnormal and anomalies like bridges, laggards, precocious separation,
stickiness, ring formation, etc. were frequent. Pollen viability ranged from 88% to 99% except for A.
undulatus which had a pollen viability of 30%. Ourfindings suggest that Aponogeton is a polybasic
genus and thorough investigations are needed tounderstand chromosomal evolution.

P.0640 Complete plastid
genome of Iris orchioides
and comparative analysis
with 19 Iris plastomes
Tae-Young Choi1, Soo-Rang Lee1
1 Department of Biology Education, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.

Rupali N. Chougule1, Shrirang R. Yadav1,
Manoj M. Lekhak1
1 Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.
Aponogeton L.f. (Alismatales: Aponogetonaceae)
is an aquatic tuberous plant distributed mainly intropical and subtropical regions of the Old World.
It comprises about 60 species worldwide whereas
in India there are ten species. Cytogenetical studies on the family are far from complete. The basic
chromosome number x = 8 has been reported forthe genus. Chromosomes are usually small (0.52.5 μm long) and have a strong tendency to stick
together that makes analysis of even the best
metaphase spreads difficult. Cytogenetical studies on ten species revealed the somatic chromosome numbers of 2n = 26, 30, 32, 40, 42, 44, 56, 80,
84 and 86. Aponogeton satarensis had the lowest
chromosome number, i.e. 2n = 26 and A. undulatus
the highest chromosome number, i.e. 2n = 86. A.
satarensis female plants also showed triploidy (2n=3x = 39) and did not set seeds. Karyotype wasrepresented by metacentric (m) and submetacentric chromosomes (sm). Polysomaty was reported in A. microphyllus with root-tip cells showing 2n = 40, 42 and 44 chromosomes. Species
with low ploidy (2n = 26-42) reproduced sexuallyand exhibited normal meiosis. A. bruggenii (2n =Iris is a cosmopolitan genus comprising approximately 280 species distributed throughout theNorthern Hemisphere. Although Iris is the most diverse group in the Iridaceae, the number of taxa
is debatable owing to various taxonomic issues.
Plastid genomes have been widely used for phylogenetic research in plants; however, only limited number of plastid DNA markers are available
for phylogenetic study of the Iris. To understandthe genomic features of plastids within the genus, including its structural and genetic variation,
we newly sequenced and analyzed the complete
plastid genome of I. orchioides and compared
it with those of 19 other Iris taxa. Potential plastid
markers for phylogenetic research were identified
by computing the sequence divergence and phylogenetic informativeness. We then tested the utility of the markers with the phylogenies inferred fromthe markers and whole-plastome data. The average size of the plastid genome was 152,299 bp, andthe overall genomic content and organization were
nearly identical among the 19Iris taxa, except forminor variations in the inverted repeats. We identified 5 highly informative regions (rpoC2, ycf1, matK,
rpoB-trnC IGS, and petA-psbJ IGS) and inferred aphylogeny from the regions. Notably, the phylogeny
was mostly consistent with the phylogeny reconstructed from the whole plastome data. Our results
suggested that the 5 selected regions may be used
as an alternative to the whole plastome data particularly for molecular diagnoses between closely
related Iris taxa at low cost.

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S.074. GLOBAL CHANGE AND EVOLUTIONARY
ADAPTATION OF PLANTS IN COASTAL AREAS
P.0641 The effects ofurbanization on plant
diversity in Florida Gulf
Coast salt marshes

P.0642 Seawater effect on
the development of plant
species from Mediterranean
coastal dunes

Bethany Burns1, Kelsey Bonini1, Kyle A.
Keefer1, Erica Molnar1, Andrew M. Kramer1,
Christina L. Richards1,2

Marcello Dante Cerrato1,3, Iván CortésFernández1, Pere M. Mir-Rosselló1,3, Arnau
Ribas-Serra1, Carles Cardona1,2, Cyril
Douthe3, Jaume Flexas3, Lorenzo Gil1

1 University of South Florida, Tampa, USA. 2 University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
The Gulf Coast of Florida has continuously been
growing in human population, especially directlyon the coast. One of the dominant intertidal habitats facing threats along this coast is salt marshes.
Plant diversity is threatened by human activities
however the effects of current and future urbanization on plant biodiversity in salt marshes are
not well known. We surveyed plant species at six
conservation parks around Tampa Bay in Florida
to determine the diversity of coastal plant communities at each location. We then categorized
the sites into low and high surrounding urbanization using the ArcGIS Human Footprint Index. We
found a total of 18 species among the sites, including grasses, succulents, and mangroves. We
found a larger variance in Simpson’s Diversity Index within sites than between sites however, thehigh urbanization sites had more variation within
the sites than the low urbanization sites. The low
urbanization sites had much higher abundancesof coastal grass which decreased the Simpsons
Diversity Index due to its sensitivity to large abundances. This finding may indicate that the highurbanization sites have more variation in diversity
due to lower amounts of coastal grasses. Coastal
grasses play an important role in ground stabilization and provide habitat for many organisms that
other plant species cannot replace ecologically.
Thus, our results suggest that species diversity as
a whole may not be the best indicator to quantify
the effects of urbanization and instead conservation efforts should focus on key species.

1 Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of
Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma,
Spain. 2 Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Institut Balear de la Natura, Palma, Spain 3 ResearchGroup On Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de lesIlles Balears-Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute, Palma, Spain.
The encroaching influence of seawater poses anescalating threat to coastal regions. Dune ecosystems serve as pivotal barriers between seawaterand inland environments, holding immense significance. Understanding the response of dune species
to salinity is of key importance in anticipating dune
evolution amidst heightened coastal salinity scenarios. This study investigates the response of Mediterranean dune plant species to salinity-induced
stress. Over a 180-day period, seven Mediterranean
coastal dune species alongside a halophytic outlier
were cultivated under both control conditions andsalt-exposed settings (20% seawater). Assessmentsof gas exchange, leaf fluorescence response, andbiomass production were conducted every 60 days.
Utilizing various ratios, indices, and resemblance
analyses, the study sought to delineate similarities
and tolerance discrepancies among these species.
The primary outcomes indicate distinct biomass
and physiological traits for dune species, regardless of their position within the dune system, underboth control and salt-exposed conditions. Species
were classified into fast and slow growers, with theformer predominantly inhabiting embryonic dunes.
Water relations emerged as critical during initialdevelopmental stages, while assimilation and biomass-related parameters gained prominence inlater stages. Despite salinity exposure, allocation
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physiological resemblance among species wasnoted. Species that evade stress and those adept
at coping with it were identified. While salinity disproportionately impacted biomass in fast-growing species, lower salinity tolerance was observedin two slow-growing, stress-coping taxa based on
the ETR/An ratio. This study underscores the intricate
nature of dune systems, unveiling diverse responses
to salinity stress. Anticipated effects of salinity stressare likely to shape dune habitats based on specificspecies compositions, rather than only their location
within the dune system or presence on a specificphytosociological plant community.

eas appeared to have less BL than beaches farther
away. The CCI’s analysis revealed that six beaches
far from inhabited areas were extremely dirty (only
two were moderately clean), whereas three beaches near inhabited areas were moderately clean,
three were dirty, and only two were extremely dirty.
Furthermore, in the two groups of beaches, the vegetated zone contained more BL than the aphytoic
zone. Overall, a long-term monitoring plan is crucial for obtaining comprehensive data on this new
ecological component, which can aid in developing
sustainable management strategies for this fragile
ecosystem.

P.0643 Abundance ofbeach litter in coastal
habitats and its impact
on psammophilous plantcommunities

P.0644 Crithmum
maritimum: biologicalactivities and metabolic
diversity along
Mediterranean and French
Brittany coasts

Giulia Calderisi1, Joana Cursach2,
Donatella Cogoni1, Giuseppe Fenu1

Killian Auzende1, Clément Lemoine2, Xavier
Dauvergne1, Christian Magné1

1 University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. 2 University ofBalearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
Beach litter (hereafter BL) is a serious issue that
affects coastal ecosystems and psammophilous
plant communities. In fact, different plant species
can catch BL, determining variations in its distribution across the dune ecosystem. In this general context, the aims were to investigate the compositionand distribution of BL across dune habitats and theeffect of summer tourism and proximity to inhabited areas on the distribution and composition of BL.
To do this, we selected 16 beaches in Mallorca andSardinia (western Mediterranean Basin), divided into
two distinct groups: (i) beaches near inhabited areas and (ii) beaches far from inhabited areas. We
devised a monitoring plan that includes two surveys,
before and after the summer tourist season, usingtransects randomly set in the dune system and considering all consecutive plots (4 m2 in size) present
within each transect. For each plot, we estimatedthe coverage percentage of each plant species using the Braun-Blanquet index, and we took a photo to measure the surface-area occupied by eachobject using ImageJ. Besides, we used the CleanCoast Index (CCI) to assess the cleanliness of thebeaches. Our results indicated that plastic was themost common waste collected on the investigatedbeaches. Surprisingly, beaches near inhabited ar-

1 Laboratoire Geoarchitecture, Brest University, Brest,
France. 2 Evonik Advanced Botanicals, Parçay-Melay, France.
Plants have been a source of medicines for thousands of years and phytoproducts are widely used in
the food industry, nutraceuticals, and medicine. The
latest trend of returning to natural sources for healthhas generated development in the recovery of bioactive components from plants. For instance, theantioxidant potential of plants has received a great
deal of attention for the last two decades. In that
context, halophytes represent a renewable sourceof bioactive molecules. Recent works showed thatthey contain high levels of secondary metabolites
which are responsible for many biological effects.
Crithmum maritimum L., commonly known as sea
fennel or rock samphire, is a widespread perennial
halophyte which grows along the coastal areas of
the Mediterranean Sea and of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The PRIMA-SEAFENNEL4MED project aims
to develop a new sustainable cultivation system forsea fennel. In this context, we have characterized themetabolites and antioxidant activities of different
populations of C. maritimum (Croatia, France, Italy, Tunisia, Turkey). Metabolites were extracted withethanol 30% (v/v) and fractionated by chromatography. These metabolites were identified and quan-339

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tified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DDPH and FRAP
assays on whole extracts and fractionated extracts.
Metabolic composition and antioxidant activity revealed major differences between C. maritimum
populations. In order to explain these differences,
greenhouse cultures were carried out to assess the
responses of different populations to salt stress.

P.0645 Germination ecology
of a range-restricted
species from coastal dune
Antoni Josep Far1, Marcello Dante
Cerrato1, Carles Cardona1,2, Llorenç Gil1,
Joana Cursach1

soil cores, number of emerged seedlings during thefirst three months was very variable, ranging from 0(32% of cores) to >20 (4% of cores) with a mean value of3.96 (±0.84). Most seedling emergence ocurredin the first week (12.5-100%). In conclusion, S. migjornensis has restricted salinity tolerance, coupled withsignificant photoinhibition and morphophysiological dormancy, which guarantees rapid autumn germination when optimal conditions occur.

P.0646 Current situation of
Stachys maritima Gouan
in Spain: the need to create
an international network of
research on the species
Carles Barriocanal1, Jordi López-Pujol2,
Xavier Sanjuan3, GemmaDíaz-Martínez1,
Cristina Durà-Lahoz1

1 Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. 2 Centre Forestal de les Illes
Balears, Institut Balear de la Natura, Palma, Spain.
Understanding germination ecology of plant species
is crucial, especially for annual species with limited
distribution. This study focuses on the germination
ecology of Silene migjornensis, an endemic annual species of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western
Mediterranean Basin) that occurs solely within theEs Trenc-Salobrar de Campos Maritime-Terrestrial
Natural Park’s white dunes. Controlled germination
experiments were conducted to study (i) germination requirements (seed age, photoperiod and temperature) and (ii) salinity effects (NaCl, MgCl2, MgSO4
and Na2SO4 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.4-M) on seed germination. Besides, 50 soil cores (785
cm3 each) collected near S. migjornensis plants
were monitored weekly for seed bank evaluation.
Results revealed negligible germination within fivemonths from seed collection, moderate germination(40-60%) after six months, and optimal germination(c. 80%) after seven months onwards. Artificial aestivation at 40ºC failed to expedite germination, causing reduced germination and increased seed death
after nine weeks of heat treatment. Silene migjornensis exhibited strong photoinhibition, with no germination under light exposure. In darkness, optimal
temperature ranged from 16 to 20 ºC, with moderate
germination (40-70%) at lower temperatures (5-14ºC) and lower germination (20%) at higher temperatures (23 ºC). In optimal conditions, seed germination occurred within six days, with a mean T50 of 1.85(±0.11) days. Salinty significantly inhibited seed germination, with moderate reductions at lowest concentration and notable reduction starting at 0.2 M. In

1 University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Botanical Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-CMCNB), Barcelona, Spain. 3 Corps of Rural Agents of the Generalitat
de Catalunya in Baix Empordà, Girona, Spain.
As its name suggests, Stachys maritima Gouan (Lamiaceae) is often found in coastal areas, particularly
in sandy habitats along the coasts of the Mediterranean region. In its native habitats, Stachys maritima
plays a role in stabilizing coastal dunes and provides
habitat and food for various wildlife, including pollinators such as bees and butterflies. The species has
the ability to withstand the challenging conditions ofcoastal environments, such as salt spray, sandy soils,
and high winds. Its gray-green leaves and deep rootsystem help it adapt to these conditions by minimizing water loss and stabilizing the soil. Unfortunately,
most of the sandy beaches of the Mediterranean region have been deeply transformed for human use,such as the tourist industry, which has profoundly
affected its populations. Nowadays, the species isprotected in most of its range, but not uniformly andwith different protection statuses. In Spain, despite
being considered “endangered” (EN) in the most
updated (2010) Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora, the few remaining populations—all fragmented
and having very small population size—show genetic erosion, and there are no effective conservation measures. All populations are located in small
patches in the Costa Brava region (Girona province)and basic monitoring has not been continuous overtime. We present the update of the Stachys mariti-340

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ma population in its Spanish range and discuss theneed to tackle a network of research on the species
along its whole distribution range.

P.0647 Storms on theWestern Black Sea shore:
an opportunity for longdistance dispersionof coastal dunes
psammophytes?

Convolvulus persicus and Silene thymifolia are able
to establish new populations through vegetativefragments or seeds, whilst in case of Alyssum borzaeanum no vegetative regeneration was observed,
relying only on seeds for dispersal and propagation.

P.0648 Local adaptation
between coastal and inland
populations of the endemic
Brazilian orchid Epidendrum
fulgens Brongn.

Andreea Sandu1, Ciprian C. Mânzu1, MariaM. Zamfirache1, Alina G. Cîșlariu2

Thales M. de Lima1,2, *, Simone F. da
Silva1, Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro1, Julia
Sanchéz-Vila3,4, Fábio Pinheiro1

1 Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza Universityof Iași, Iași, Romania. 2 Department of Botany andMicrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Coastal areas are considered to be among theplanet’s most dynamic yet vulnerable environments,
the shape of the sand dunes being typically modeled by two sets of forces: the relatively constantaction of wind and waves, and the disturbances
caused by infrequent but powerful storms. These
meteorological events, whether extreme or not, affect the plant communities, but also can play an important role in the long-distance dispersal of some
psammophytes. The action of waves and wind can
expose, uproot, break apart into pieces and spread
plant fragments, whole plants or seeds throughsea water. Then, depending on the resilience of theplant to seawater immersion, the time of immersion,
the temperature of the water, the type of fragment
transported and the suitability of the new habitat,
new populations can be established. This study
aimed to assess the resilience to seawater and theability of long-distance dispersion by seawater ofthree psammophytes: Convolvulus persicus, Alyssum borzaeanum and Silene thymifolia. The experiments tested the viability of vegetative fragments
and the reproductive capacity of seeds under different exposure periods (5, 10 and 15 days) and temperature conditions: 4°C (average surface seawatertemperature during winter and early spring whenstorms on the Black Sea Coast occur), 13°C (average surface seawater temperature) and 23°C (average summer surface seawater temperature). The
increase of both seawater temperature and theexposure time had a significant negative influenceon the viability of the vegetative fragments and on
germination capacity. After exposure to seawater,

1 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia,
Campinas, Brazil. 2 Current adress: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United
Kingdom. 3 Organisms and Environment Division,
Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir
Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, United Kingdom. 4
Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Facultade de
Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain. *Email: tdelima@rbge.org.uk
Few studies on local adaptation in plants investigate
in depth which environmental factors generate theselective pressures that lead to the evolution of thisphenomenon. We analyzed local adaptation between coastal and inland populations of Epidendrum
fulgens Brongn., an orchid species endemic to Brazil.
The hypothesis tested is that coastal plants would
be more resistant to salt in the form of salt spray.
To do this, we carried out an experiment in a greenhouse, exposing 96 plants – two populations fromeach region – to salt spray for 60 days. Plant performance was evaluated by measuring maximum PSII
yield (Fv/Fm), leaf expansion rate, osmotic potential(OP), relative water content (RWC), leaf chlorophyll
index, leaf concentration of Na+ and relative growthrate (RGR). In both groups, OP, RWC and chlorophyll
index were not affected by salt. In sprayed plants,
leaf expansion rate, RGR and Fv/Fm were lower, but
the reduction was similar between groups. Furthermore, plants sprayed with salt had leaves with Na+concentrations approximately 3 times higher thancontrol plants. On the other hand, coastal plants had
lower foliar Na+ concentration than inland plants inboth control and treatment conditions. Overall, bothgroups were considerably resistant to salt. The difference in Na+ concentration between coastal and341

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inland plants could suggest that those on the coast
are better adapted to salt, preventing its absorption
by the leaves. However, this difference in absorption does not appear to provide an advantage tocoastal plants as leaf expansion rate, RGR and Fv/Fmof coastal and inland plants were equally affectedby salt. Therefore, taken together, the physiological
data do not demonstrate local adaptation of coastal plants to salt spray.

P.0649 Recovery andConservation Plan forthe species of dunes,
sandbanks and coastal
cliffs in Andalusia.
Fernando Sanz1, Hedwig Schwarzer2,
Miguel Arrufat2, Laura Fernández2,
Guillermo Ceballos1, Working team of
the Recovery, Conservation Plan for the
species of dunes, sandbanks and coastal
cliffs in Andalusia2
1 Consejería de Sostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y
Economía Azul, Junta de Andalucía, Spain. 2 Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Junta
de Andalucía, Spain.
Recovery and Conservation Plan for the species ofDunes, Sandbanks and Coastal Cliffs in Andalusia(hereinafter, Dunes Plan), approved by Agreementof March 13, 2012, of the Governing Council, establishes protection measures for 35 species of floraand 1 of invertebrate fauna, as well as measures forthe conservation of the ecosystems that host them,especially pine forests, juniper groves, cork oakgroves and coastal wild olive groves. The Dunes Plan
includes 10 lines of action: 1. Cataloguing. The aimof this line is to determine the criteria to establish
when a species should be re-evaluated.; 2. Habitat
management. This includes measures aimed at improving the territories.; 3. Population management.
To achieve the persistence of the different population nuclei.; 4. Ex situ conservation measures. Aimedat conserving the greatest genetic variability of the
populations and to develop protocols related to thereproduction of the species for reintroductions andpopulation reinforcements.; 5. Monitoring. Both toknow the status of each of the species and to beable to detect the threats that affect them and how
the actions carried out are working.; 6. Research. In
collaboration with research groups.; 7. Dissemina-tion and communication. To publicize the plan andits progress.; 8. Education and awareness. To getsociety to recognize the importance and become
involved in the conservation of species associatedwith dunes, cliffs and coastal sandbanks.; 9. Social
participation. To achieve the participation of thesectors that could be involved in the execution of
the Plan.; 10. Cooperation and coordination. This lineof work seeks the connection between the different
national and international projects aimed at species
associated with dunes, cliffs and coastal sandbanks.
This paper presents the most significant advancesin some of these lines of work.

P.0650 Community
phytochemistry of Japan’s
mangrove guild: ecologicaland evolutionary patterns
Katharine M. Saunders1, Helene F. Bee1,
Callum J. Hudson1, Amy H. Morrell1, David
W. Armitage1
1 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
Graduate University, Onna, Japan.
Relative to other traits, comparative studies of metabolic traits in plant guilds remain scarce, yet holdpromise as a nexus for clarifying the joint effectsof evolutionary and environmental factors shaping
community assembly and geographic distributions.
To better understand roles of ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to the phytochemistry ofplant communities, we quantified the joint influences of geography, local scale environmental gradients, and evolutionary history on the evolutionarily
diverse mangrove guild of the Ryukyu Archipelago
in Southwest Japan. We collected leaf samples frommangrove trees, non-mangrove associates, andterrestrial trees from Okinawa-jima, Ishigaki-jima,and Iriomote-jima islands and performed untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography
mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize the bulk phytochemical traits of our focal taxa. We encountereda strong phylogenetic signal in mangrove metabolomes that was more pronounced than those ofgeographic or environmental gradients. Mangrove
secondary chemical profiles were clustered independent of family, hinting at potential parallel evolution of metabolic traits during a shift to the mangrove habit. Further analysis also revealed various342

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compounds, including some important secondary
metabolic pathways, that were reliably differentiallyexpressed across a local salinity gradient. Our results
are a first step toward integrating phytochemistry
into the evolutionary ecology of mangroves. Future
work will use this community metabolomic approach to investigate mechanisms of climate-driven range shifts and parallel evolution in this uniqueand important guild.

P.0651 The influence ofmacroclimatic driverson the macrophyte
phylogenetic diversity inSouth African estuaries
Dimitri A. Veldkornet1
1 Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Naturaland Agricultural Sciences, Bloemfontein, South
Africa.
The geographical distribution of plants is influenced
by macroclimate and dispersal limitations, whichhave led to lineage isolation and subsequent diversification within and across various environmental

gradients. Macroclimatic variables in coastal wetlands influence plant species and lineages acrossbiogeographical boundaries. This study aimed todetermine the influence of macroclimatic variables
on species and phylogenetic richness in South African estuaries. Open-source chloroplast DNA barcoding sequences, species distribution and climatic
data layers were used to determine the relationshipbetween species richness, MPD, MNTD and eachbioclimatic variable. Temperate species richness
and phylogenetic diversity were positively correlated with temperature bioclimatic variables whereas
subtropical and tropical species were associatedwith increased precipitation. Phylogenetic niche
conservatism is evident in malvids and rosids which
are restricted to tropical and subtropical regions
due to their physiological adaptations to tropical climates. Caryophyllales was mostly associated withtemperate regions. Poales and Alismatales showedwide distributions that are likely attributed to traits
related to wind pollination and hydrochory, rapid,
clonal, and high reproductive output, tolerance tostressful conditions, and intraspecific genetic diversity. The findings highlight the importance of considering macroclimate and phylogenetic factors in understanding the distribution and diversity of coastal
wetland plants.

S.075. GLOBAL CONSERVATION CONSORTIA:
INTEGRATED PLANT CONSERVATION ON A
GLOBAL SCALE
ences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
7 Wilder Institute / Calgary Zoo, Calgary, Canada.
8 Department of Biological Sciences, University ofCalgary, Canada 9 IUCN Species Survival Commission, Caracas, Venezuela. 10 Instituto Venezolanode Investigaciones Científicas, and Provita, Caracas, Venezuela. 11 Botanic Gardens Conservation
International, Surrey, UK. 12 IUCN SSC Conservation
Translocation Specialist Group, Calgary, Canada.

P.0652 A task force forextinct-in-the-wild species
Thomas Abeli1,12, Sarah E. Dalrymple2,12,John G. Ewen3,12, Tania C. Gilbert,4,5,12,
Carolyn J. Hogg6,12, Natasha A. Lloyd7,12,
Axel Moehrenschlager7,8,12, Jon Paul
Rodriguez9,10,12, Paul P. Smith11,12
1 Department of Science, University of Roma Tre,
Roma, Italy. 2 School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. 3 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Societyof London, London, UK. 4 Marwell Wildlife, Hampshire, UK. 5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 6 Facultyof Science, School of Life and Environmental Sci-

Of the 157,190 species listed under the IUCN Red List,
44,000 are classified as threated but only 84 species
are listed as Extinct in the Wild (EW). Species that
only exist in ex situ populations in zoos, aquaria, botanic gardens, private collections, and seedbanks.
Long-term human care is risky. Most EW species arein a precarious state because they were founded bya small number of individuals, have small/poorly integrated populations, and are held by a small num-343

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ber of institutions. Of the 95 that have entered thisspace since 1950, we’ve lost (11) approximately as
many as we have reintroduced in the wild (12). There
are various options for EW species recovery, butpoor attention has been given to this group of taxa.
A IUCN/SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist
Group Taskforce for Extinct in the Wild Species has
been created, to inform, promote and advise thelong-term recovery in the wild of EW taxa through afour Rs strategy: -Rescue species close to extinction
into ex situ care; -Revitalise existing ex situ populations (increase their size, ensure they are well managed across more institutions. Store plant species
in seed banks where possible); -Release EW species back to the wild, including using introductions
or assisted colonisations for species where habitat/climate is no longer viable; -Reinforce and manage the wild populations that we have established.
The Task Force has promoted a motion supporting
reestablishment of EW species by 2030 at the 2021
IUCN World Conservation Congress and members of
the task force have been involved in the rediscovery and reassessment of Nymphaea thermarumin
Rwanda and in the delisting from EW to Endangered(EN) of the Scimitar-Horned Oryx in December 2023.

P.0653 Threatened C4 plant
species and their habitatsof conservation concern inArmenia
Anna Asatryan1, Mehdi Dehghani2, Hripsik
Qosyan1, Razmik Papikyan1, Yekaterina
Shcherbakova1, Alexander Rudov1,3
1 Institute of Botany after A.L. Takhtajyan NAS, Republic of Armenia. 2 University of Zabol, Islamic Republic of Iran. 3 University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic
Republic of Iran.
Armenia is a mountainous country a with rich floraand remarkable diversity of habitats. The country’s
C4 flora is of particular interest and importance forconservation. It includes about 94 plant species, 10of which are threatened and included in the Red
Data Book of Armenia. They are mainly found in thesemidesert belt: mountain plateaus and foothills ofmountain ranges at about 400 – 1300 m above sea
level. Historically these areas have been sensibly
affected by human activity and because of habitat destruction only small fragments of aboriginal
vegetation survived. Some of the threatened C4plant species play a forming and/or dominant rolein plant communities, others occur with single specimens, but all are threatened because of restricted
area of occupancy and continuous influence of agricultural, recreational and construction activities. At
least 10 C3 plant species are found at the same habitats where the threatened C4 species occur – mainly found on sands, clay, gypsum and saline soils,
they include also riverine areas, rocks and screes
in deep gorges. In spring – autumn of 2023 during
fieldwork aimed at research of extremophile plants
and their habitats in Armenia we collected data on
distribution, ecology and condition of threatened C4plant species. Their habitats of conservation concern have been studied too. New populations of thetarget species have been found, the habitats were
described and seeds of both rare C4 and C3 species
were collected for ex-situ conservation and creationof a model biotope in Yerevan Botanical Garden. A
very small part of the areas with presence of threatened C4 species overlaps state protected areas.
One of the main goals of the ongoing project is tocollect data and to prepare recommendations forconservation and monitoring of these ecosystems.

P.0654 Dr H. K. Baruah
Regional BotanicalResource Centre of
Gauhati University,
Assam, India: Scope for
integrating research,
germplasm conservation,
environmental educationand public recreation
Buragohain R.1,*, Tanti B.1
1 Regional Botanical Resource Centre. Departmentof Botany, Gauhati University. Assam, India. *rubul10@gauhati.ac.in
The Gauhati University Botanical Garden is one of
the largest and oldest Botanical Gardens of theNorth East India in particular and the country ingeneral. The Garden was developed with an objective to study the rich and diverse flora of N.E. India
and to conserve the rare, endangered and threaten plant species of the region and at present, it isspread over an area of ca 62 acres situated in thehills and valleys of Jalukbari hills within the university campus at an altitude ranging from 213 to 247
ft msl. Total 210 trees, 56 shrubs, 120 herbs species

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have been recorded so far. Out of all these 56 species are medicinal. During individual tree count wefound highest no of Caryota urens with 130 trees
followed by Milletia pinnata with 58, Putranjiva roxburghii with 28, Lagerstroemia speciosa with 27 andMonoon longifolium with 25 recorded. The highest
species belongs to Fabaceae with 12 and Moraceae
with 8 shows maximum number of species. About
15 species are conserved which are under threaten
category. Along with the plant diversity the centre
has ca.120 birds, ca.150 butterflies and ca.25 snakes
are also remarkable in this centre which varies fromseason to seasons.

P.0655 How do we achievesustainable management of
non-timber forest products?
A typology of recommended
management targets

agement strategies informed by ecologists’ assessments of the effect of harvest and IPLC harvester
decision making. This generalized typology for NTFP
plant species across species’ life-form, life-history,organs harvested, and ecological system will facilitate access to disciplinary, inter-, and trans-disciplinary knowledge for conservation and restoration
efforts. We also assess whether there is evidence
that the proposed IPLC and scientific management
strategies result in conservation of NTFP plant populations and community wellbeing.

P.0656 Strengthening
the population of thethreatened mangrove
Pelliciera benthamii
through ex situ and in situ
conservation strategies
Maria Paula Contreras1, Camila Rueda2Michael A. Coe1, Irene Teixidor-Toneu2,
1 IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Marseille, Franc.e 2
IMBE, Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD,
Marseille, France.
Non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting contributes to local livelihoods and subsistence strategies for Indigenous peoples and local communities(IPLC) worldwide. NTFP have been managed by IPLC
for thousands of years and often serve as primary sources of food, medicine, and income for millions of people around the globe. Over the last three
decades, a growing number of studies by applied
ecologists and ethnoecologists have used quantitative tools to measure the impacts of NTFP harvest on the demography of wild plant populations
including matrix projection and integral projection
models, elasticity analyses, and life table response
experiments. In some cases, these harvest impact
assessments also incorporate harvester decision
making guided by local ecological knowledge (LEK).
While these studies often define sustainable harvest
limits and recommend sound management strategies useful for conservation and restoration efforts of
NTFP populations, few conservation managers andrestoration efforts have incorporated these suggestions in developing management plans or in guiding
restoration efforts. Further, LEK and knowledge holders have often been overlooked, under-emphasized,
ignored, or used marginally and unconsciously in
informing species conservation management decisions. We provide a global synthesis of NTFP man-

1 Horticulture and Science Department, Cartagena
Botanical Garden, Colombia. 2 Universidad de losAndes, Bogotá DC, Colombia.
Although not evaluated by the IUCN, Pelliciera benthamii (Triana & Planch.) Cornejo, is likely the mostthreatened of the mangrove species present in the
Colombian Caribbean region due to its limited distribution and severe threats to its ecosystem causedby expansion in construction and unsustainableeconomic activities. Conservation activities areneeded at a broad front, including research, education, in-situ and ex-situ conservation and ecosystem protection. Piñuelo, P. benthamii, a segregatedspecies from Pelliciera rhizophorae Triana & Planch,
is a mangrove species restricted to small populations in the Panamanian Pacific and the Colombian
Caribbean. P. rhizophorae was listed as vulnerable
by the IUCN due to isolated populations, reduced
range, and decline in habitat quality. We are re-assessing P. benthamii, and its conservation status will
most likely change from vulnerable to endangered.
The Cartagena Botanical Garden’s science and horticulture teams have worked together to strengthen the population of P. benthamii in the Colombian
Caribbean region. We identified three localities forseed collection near Cartagena, where we madephenological annotations and the recognition ofpotential planting areas. To accomplish mangrove
conservation, we established propagation protocols and nursery line guides and submitted a new345

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Red List assessment for P. benthamii. Additionally,
we have propagated other mangrove species, as it
may be beneficial that restoration initiatives focus
on ecosystem restoration rather than planting individual species. In addition to in-situ initiatives, wewill strengthen ex-situ through the establishment of
a new living collection of mangrove species in the
Cartagena Botanical Garden, and installation of
educational displays to educate visitors about thisimportant ecosystem. We aim to increase the information regarding propagation strategies and conservation actions to provide input for future restoration and protection initiatives.

P.0657 Description ofpistillate flowers andconservation status of
two Mollinedia species(Monimiaceae) from
Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Letícia Guimarães Barbosa1,2, Patrícia da
Rosa3,4, Danilo Alvarenga Zavatin1,2, Joelcio
Freitas2,5, José Augusto de Andrade Souto
Maior2, Elton J. de Lírio1,2
1 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2
Conservação de Espécies Ameaçadas da Mata
Atlântica (CEAMA), São Paulo, Brazil. 3 Universidade
Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 5 Instituto Nacionalda Mata Atlântica, Santa Terresa, Brazil.
Mollinedia ruschii and Mollinedia dolichotricha areendemic to the Atlantic Forest. Both species were
described in the last decade based on staminate
flowers and fruits. Mollinedia ruschii is microendemic and occurs in two Protected Areas in Santa Teresa, in Espírito Santo state (ES), and was assessed
as Critically Endangered (CR). Mollinedia dolichotricha also occurs in ES and the states of Bahia andMinas Gerais, having been assessed as Endangered(EN). Recently, during fieldwork, members of CEAMA found previously unknown pistillate individualsof both species, which were collected and photographed. Furthermore, new individuals and threats
were recorded for both species. The study aimed toreassess the risk of extinction based on IUCN criteria
and carry out the redescription of the species, including the description of the pistillate flowers andnew characteristics of the fruit of M. ruschii. Twelve

new individuals of M. ruschii and six of M. dolichotricha were found. For both species, the first pistillate
individual was found, which allowed the descriptionof the pistillate flower. In addition, for M. ruschii, it waspossible to observe in loco morphological characteristics of fresh fruits such as color and shape, also
unknown until then. The extinction risk reassessment
showed a change in the criteria for both species,
but the risk category was maintained. Mollinedia
ruschii has been categorised as CR, B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);
C2a(i); D, while M. dolichotricha was reassessed as
EN, B2 ab(ii,iii,v). The new data on the morphologyof the flowers and fruits of the species are essential to establish comparisons between other species
within the genus, facilitating the development of
new identification keys, morphological phylogenies,and character evolution. Despite discovering new
individuals for the species, the extinction risk reassessment revealed that both are still at high risk ofextinction; therefore, protective measures are necessary for the species.

P.0658 Effect of climatechange on the spatial
distribution of plantendemism in the coastal
Mediterranean strip in Egypt
Mohamed M. El-Khalafy1, Kamal H.
Shaltout2, Marwa w. Halmy3, Heba Bedair2
1 Botany and Microbiology Department, Facultyof Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh,
Egypt. 2 Botany and Microbiology Department,
Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. 3
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of
Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
The Mediterranean region is characterized by aheavy endemism of plant diversity, where the majority of its species are narrow endemic species.
The distribution of these endemic plants in Egypt
has declined significantly over the previous century across its geographical region. This decrease
is related to changes in natural resources, such as
water and foraging site capacity, due to continuous climate change. In addition, human impacts(urbanization and tourism) are effective threatsthat impacted these taxa. The mediterranean
coastal strip in Egypt includes 15 endemic plants.
We used species distribution models (SDMs) tostudy plant endemism reaction to projected climate change over the next few decades in the346

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Mediterranean region in Egypt. To reduce uncertainty and bias in our SDM predictions, we fitted
ensemble SDMs with freshly developed climatic
data based on more accurate climate models
and diverse dispersal scenarios. Furthermore, ourmodels anticipated that the distribution range ofplant endemism would drop by more than 20 %during the next few decades. Our findings advocate for immediate conservation action of reintroduction and in-situ conservation planning forthese endemic taxa.

P.0659 The cycads
collection at the Marimurtra
Botanical Garden a resourcefor ex situ conservation.

est assessment carried out by the IUCN, the threat
levels of cultivated taxa are as follows: VU, 22; EN, 19;
CR, 8. All this makes the cycads collection of Marimurtra an ex-situ resource to be considered for theconservation of this important taxonomic group.

P.0660 Overview of thedatabase on conservation
actions on threatened plant
species in Europe
Maja Lazarević1*, Boštjan Surina2, Sandrine
Godefroid3, Andreas Ensslin4, Justyna
Wiland-Szymańska5, Marcin Klisz6,
Joaquim Santos7, Sílvia Castro7
1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade,
Serbia. 2 University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Koper, Slovenia, Natural History Museum Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. 3 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise,
Belgium. 4 Conservatory and Botanic Garden of
the City of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. 5 Adam
Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology & Botanical
Garden, Poznań, Poland. 6 Forest Research Institute,Dendrolab IBL, Raszyn, Poland. 7 University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.*majat@bio.bg.ac.rs

Iván Soto1, Jordi Fàbregas1, Anna Sans1,
Carles Burguera1, Pere Fraga1,2
1 Jardí Botànic Marimurtra, Fundació Privada Carl
Faust, Blanes, Spain. 2 Institut Menorquí d’Estudis,
Maó, Spain
One of the main functions of botanical gardens is
the ex-situ conservation of threatened plants in thewild, so those populations in cultivation can be aresource for the reintroduction or reinforcement ofexisting populations. Cycads have been present in
the Marimurtra Botanical Garden since its foundation, now 100 years ago. Its microclimatic conditions
make it possible to grow many of these plants outdoors. This open-air cultivation allows individuals tobe shown in more natural conditions and their development is better. In recent years the collection ofthese plants has significantly increased thanks to
the dedication of the gardeners and technical staff.
An important part of the new additions has been
thanks to the exchange with other collections, bothpublic and private. Today, a significant number ofindividuals have already reached sexual maturity and are active reproducers, this has allowed toincrease the operations of exchange of reproductive material. This activity serves both to increase
taxonomic diversity and to improve genetic diversity, so the collection could be more useful for ex-situ conservation. Currently, the cycads collection ofMarimurtra consists of 117 taxa, the distribution by
genera is as follows: Ceratozamia, 6; Cycas, 30; Dion,
16; Encephalartros, 43; Lepidozamia, 1; Macrozamia,
14; Stangeria, 1; Zamia, 6. Cycads are of special conservation interest due to the threatened situation inwhich are many of the species. According to the lat-

At a time when the state of biodiversity is constantly deteriorating, the Database on Conservation Actions on threatened plant species and institutions
dealing with plant conservation represents a valuable source of information about plant conservation
activities in Europe from the year 2000 until today.
Defining conservation actions as specific activities
undertaken to help a threatened plant species survive, the main aim of this initiative is to provide conservation practitioners and stakeholders of different backgrounds with information about past andongoing conservation actions, enabling the easy
and free exchange of knowledge and experienceamong them. The Database currently hosts information about c. 3,500 conservation actions from
32 European countries, about more than 900 taxa
belonging to almost 100 plant families. For each ofthem, various data are available such as basic information about the locations where the activities
took place, typology of involved institutions, financial structure, information about the species and its
conservation status, details about the implemented in situ and ex situ conservation measures, aswell as about monitoring and success evaluation.
The Database can be collaboratively updated in
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the plant conservation activities throughout Europe
in the long run, and contributing to the promotionof best practices for the benefit of all stakeholders
and biodiversity conservation.
Acknowledgments: The research was supported
by COST Action CA18201 “ConservePlants – An integrated approach to conservation of threatened
plants for the 21st Century”, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Serbia, and the National Park
Tara (project “Revitalization of population of Cardamine serbica”).

P.0661 WANTED (alive):
Pollinators and flower
visitors of European
threatened plants

teractions reported is Androsace brevis (VU in Italy)
with 150 interactions, being visited by 55 different insect species, followed by Dianthus morisianus (CR in
Europe) with 120 interactions and visited by 14 insect
species. In this poster, interaction networks between
threatened plants and their floral visitors will be presented to evidence species interdependence andthe most threatened interactions. Information gathered so far is valuable and should be integrated into
conservation programs. However, the majority of
species still lack sufficient information, requiring ourattention and efforts to fill these knowledge gaps.

P.0662 Filling gaps for theevaluation of “Endangered
Living Fossils” from theMediterranean Basin

Sara B. Lopes1, Ana Afonso1, Boštjan
Surina2,3, João Loureiro1, Fatal attraction
team, Sílvia Castro1

Enrique Maguilla1, Mónica Míguez1

1 Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 2 Natural History Museum
Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. 3 FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.
Developing integrated conservation programs requires a holistic approach. In the case of European threatened plants, considering that the majority
are angiosperms that depend on animal pollinators
to assure successful reproduction, information regarding their pollinators must be included. The main
goal of this study is to compile data on pollinators/
flower visitors of threatened European plants (CR, EN
and VU) to assess the current situation and identify knowledge gaps. The information was obtained
through bibliography revision and the compilationof data provided by several collaborators from different European countries, who have been responding to the call ‘Fatal attraction: endangered plant’s
lovers’. Until now, we have compiled data for 16% of
the European animal-pollinated threatened plant
species and for 114 species considered threatenedat the national and regional level. More than 2000
interactions were obtained, with information at theplant species level for 72% of them. Orchidaceae
was the family with the most reported interactions.
Regarding the identity of the flower visitors, almost
a quarter of the interactions comprise species fromthe Order Diptera, followed by Hymenoptera. Preliminary results from the analysis of the interactions
show that the species with the highest number of in-

1 Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería
Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla,
Spain.
Vargas et al. defined in 2020 the concept of “Endangered Living Fossils” (ELFs), aiming to preserve uniquetaxa from a phylogenetic perspective. ELFs must meet
three requirements: (1) they must be scarce and havea restricted distribution; (2) evolutionarily well-differentiated lineages with low or no diversification rate; (3)the diversification origin must be ancient and predates
drastic environmental changes associated with a specific geological epoch. Considering a species as an ELF
adds a threat component, not intrinsic to the traditional concept of living fossil, helping to identify and preserve potentially threatened taxa. Vargas et al. studied
six potential ELFs in the Iberian Peninsula, identifying
nine other monospecific genera in the Mediterraneanbasin, excluded from the Iberian Peninsula, listed on
red lists of threatened species, and thus, potential ELFs
(Crambella (Brassicaceae), Degenia (Brassicaceae),
Horstrissea (Apiaceae), Kremeriella (Brassicaceae),
Petagnaea (Apiaceae), Phitosia (Asteraceae) Pseudoridolfia (Apiaceae), Rytidocarpus (Brassicaceae)
and Saccocalyx (Lamiaceae)). The main objective of
the proposed research is to confirm the considerationof these nine taxa from the Mediterranean region as
ELFs, filling knowledge gaps regarding phylogenetic
relationships, lineage dating, and demographic anddiversity data on these species, at the time that we
assess or re-assess the threat status for each taxon.
A combination of traditional Sanger sequencing, phylogenomics based on Hyb-seq and the use of RADseq

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Institute, Panamá, República de Panamá. 5 Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, México. 6 Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
7 Centro de Ensino Superior de Juiz de Fora, Juizde Fora, Brazil 8 Department of Biology, Edge Hill
University, UK. 9 Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia 10 Universidade Federal do Paraná,
Paraná, Brazil. 11 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da
Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. 12 Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 13 Universidad de Antioquia,
Antioquia, Colombia. 14 Autonomous University of
Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, Mexico. 15 SUMPA S.A.C,
Lima, Peru 16 Universidade Regional de Blumenau,
Santa Catarina, Brazil. 17 Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 18 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria. 19 El Colegiode la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Chiapas, Mexico. 20
Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 21 Centre of Biodiversity
and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 22 Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México 23 Universidade Federalde Lavras, Lavras, Brazil. 24I nstituto de Pesquisas
Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Rio deJaneiro, Brazil. 25I nstituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Santa Teresa, Brazil. 26 Universidade
de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. 27 Departamento de
Ecología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
28 Working group Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. 29
Programa de Maestría en Biología Vegetal, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Panama
30 Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. 31 Jardín
Botánico “Octavio Velarde Núñez”, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú 32 Universidade
Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil 33 Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Bonn, Germany. 34 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem
Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands. 35 ForestGEO, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. 36 Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC/UO/PA), Mieres, Spain.

for demographic studies, combined with results fromniche distribution modelling, dating analyses and theeffort for the estimation of extinction probability in anear future, are the backbone of the project, hoping toobtain strong results contributing to the knowledge ofthe study species and related ones, at the time that ithelps to preserve these unique taxa. Additionally, phylogenetic reconstructions will be explored to detectlong branches with taxa that, although currently notclassified under any threat category, may be evolutionary and conservational significant.

P.0663 Drivers of vascularepiphyte assemblages
across the Neotropics
Glenda Mendieta-Leiva1, Flavio N. Ramos2,João P. C. Elias2, Gerhard Zotz3,4, Margoth
Acuña-Tarazona5, Francine Seehaber
Alvim6, Daniel E. F. Barbosa6, Geicilaine
A. Basílio7, Sven P. Batke8, Ana María
Benavides9, Christopher T. Blum10, Carlos
R. Boelter11, Pedro H. S. Brancalion12, María
Judith Carmona13, Luciana P. Carvalho6,
Edilia de la Rosa-Manzano14, Helena J. R.
Einzmann3, Manuel Fernández15, Samyra
G. Furtado6, André L. de Gasper16, Valeria
Guzmán-Jacob17, Peter Hietz18, Mariana
V. Irume11, Derio Antonio Jiménez-López19,
Michael Kessler20, Holger Kreft17,21, Thorsten
Krömer22, Giesta Maria O. Machado16,
Nayely Martínez-Meléndez19, Pedro Luiz S.
S. Martins6, Rodrigo de Macêdo Mello23,
Alex F. Mendes12, Luiz Menini Neto6, Sara
R. Mortara24,25, Camila Nardy2, Rodolfo dePaula Oliveira3,26, Ana Clara A. Pereira6, Luis
Pillaca27, Adriano C. Quaresma28, Calixto
Rodríguez Quiel29, Edier Soto Medina30,
Amanda Taylor17, Michael S. Vega31, Márcio
S. Werneck32, Florian A. Werner33, Jan H. D.
Wolf34, Charles E. Zartman11, Daniel Zuleta35,
Borja Jiménez-Alfaro36
1 Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. 2 Universidade Federal de Alfenas,
Alfenas, Brazil. 3 Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. 4 Smithsonian Tropical Research

Vascular epiphytes grow non-parasitically on otherplants, mainly in tropical forest canopies, constituting about 10% of the world’s vascular plant diversity
and up to 39% in the Neotropics. They provide criticalecosystemic services and add complexity to forest
canopies. Factors determining their distribution, including adaptations to low water availability andlow temperatures, may act together. While global
patterns of epiphyte richness mirror latitudinal diversity gradients, epiphyte richness decreases threetimes faster with increasing latitude compared toterrestrial plants, with a mid-elevation bulge observed. Despite recent global studies, regional heterogeneity’s role in epiphyte diversity remains poorly understood due to predominantly local research.
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and abundance exist at regional or continental
scales. Understanding biodiversity mechanisms is
crucial, particularly in global change scenarios. We
aim to assess drivers of Neotropical epiphyte diversity using a new database encompassing data fromapproximately 9,000 host trees, 150,000 epiphyte individuals, and 1,500 species across 25 ecoregions.
We’ll evaluate elevational and latitudinal patterns
using generalised additive and mixed-effect models, incorporating environmental, geographical, andhistorical predictors. We anticipate climatic variables related to precipitation and temperature to
influence richness and abundance differently, withtemperature favouring abundance and precipitation limiting richness.

P.0664 Systematics, natural
history, and conservation ofErica (Ericaceae)
Michael D. Pirie1, Anina Coetzee2,3, Jaime
Fagúndez4,5, Félix Forest6, Seth Musker7, E.
Charles Nelson8, Timotheus van der Niet9,
Fernando Ojeda10
1 University Museum, University of Bergen, Postboks
Bergen, Norway. 2 FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, Universityof Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa. 3 Conservation Management Department, Nelson Mandela
University, George, South Africa. 4 Universidade daCoruña, BIOCOST research group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), A Coruña, Spain.
5 Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain. 6 Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 7
Department of Biological Sciences, University of CapeTown, Rondebosch, South Africa. 8 Tippitiwitchet Cottage, Sutton, UK. 9 School of Life Sciences, Universityof KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa. 10 Departamento de Biología-IVAGRO, Universidad de Cádiz,Campus Río San Pedro, Spain.
Worldwide, a sobering proportion of plant species
are threatened with extinction in the wild, and thosethat are naturally rare or have narrow distributions
are particularly vulnerable. The flowering plant genus Erica is a prime example of challenges associated with conserving large, complex, plant groups,
given its wide North-South disjunct distributions,and its numerous species concentrated in South
Africa’s spectacular Cape Floristic Region. The Erica
research and conservation community is rallying to
the call for a multi-disciplinary approach to these
multifaceted challenges. We need to better under-

stand, describe, and name species diversity, to enable accurate identification, and to understand thecomplexity of ecological interactions in the wild. We
can then more effectively obtain and target fundingfor conservation efforts in natural habitats, and as
a last resort, secure the most critically endangered
species in seed banks and botanic gardens. In a
topical collection of papers showcased in the Open
Access journal PhytoKeys, we present a multi-disciplinary, maximally accessible resource representing
the coming together of a substantial body of research on themes in nomenclature, taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology, and conservation of Erica species.
As summarised in this poster, the themes are closelyinter-dependent: by coordinating such an effort andensuring that the results are maximally accessible
we can provide a lasting resource and reference for
future work, as well as a clear indication of wherethat work might lead to fill the most critical knowledge gaps. Acknowledgments: The collection will
also serve to disseminate and honour the enormous
contribution to Erica taxonomy of our longstanding
collaborator E.G.H. (Ted) Oliver and his late wife Inge.

P.0665 Global data sources
underestimate fern andlycophytes conservation
priorities: The contribution of
local sources of knowledge
Juan Reyes-Valentin1, Javian GallardoValdivia1, Paulette I. Naulin1
1 Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Biosphere integrity recomposition is one of the main
glocal challenges. The increasing functional andstructural biodiversity affectation demands urgent
conservation actions, which must set clear priorities
for an effective conservation. Several approaches
for the establishment of evidence-based conservation priorities have been created in recent years.
Some of them are metrics that integrate species
extinction risk and evolutionary information, throughphylogenetic (e.g., EDGE Index) or taxonomic data.
Measurement of these metrics is sensitive to data
quality, so the data source is a critical factor to consider. The study purpose was to evaluate the effectof local (LDS) and global data sources (GDS) in theestablishment of species conservation priorities,
using the ferns and lycophytes from Chile as study
case. Species from both clades were reviewed in na-

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tional catalogues and in the Catalogue of Life, alongwith their conservation status from the classification
systems of the Chilean government department responsible for risk assessment and the International
Union for the Conservation of Nature. The weighted
taxonomic singularity of each species was calculated using the LDS and GDS data, to subsequently
establish its conservation priority according to eachof them. A total of 162 and 154 species were obtained
from LDS and GDS, respectively. According to LDS,
12% of the ferns and lycophytes have a high priority
and 19% a medium priority. In contrast, practically all
species evaluated with GDS have a very low priority (99%). Furthermore, 20% of the species with highpriority from LDS are not registered in GDS. The huge
difference in species quantity in Near Threatened
and Threatened categories explain the discrepancy
between LDS and GDS priorities (101 and 0 respectively). The results highlight the importance of LDS for
conservation priority setting. Coordination and datatransfer between LDS and GDS should be strengthened to inform cross-scale conservation actions

P.0666 Investigating of thephenological growth stages
in Iris hymenospatha in
its natural habitat basedon BBCH scale in two
consecutive

during the dormant season. The results showed,
sprouting was not the same in two consecutive years.
In the first year, it occurred in the second decade ofFebruary, but in the second year, it happened about
ten days later. In comparison to the second years,
the leaves development occurred ten days earlier inthe first year. In the first year, blooming occurred in
the early of May but in the second year it occurred
after 12 May. Also, seed maturity was recorded two
weeks earlier in the first year (after middle May). The
summer dormancy approximately occurred in latespring in two consecutive years. The results of t-test
showed that there were significant differences inleaf number, plant height, flower length, and flower diameter in the first years in comparison with thesecond year (P ≤ P.5). So, the analyses of the phenological stages of Iris hymenospatha provided better understanding of the climate change effect on
the growth cycle of this vulnerable species and use
these data for conservation projects.

P.0667 Plant Atlas 2020:
Mapping changes in the
distribution of the British
and Irish flora
Kevin Walker1, Pete Stroh2, Tom
Humphrey3, Oli Pescott4, Rich Burkmar5
1Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Harrogate,
UK. 2 Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge, UK.
3 Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Wallingford, UK. 4 UKCEH Wallingford, Crowmarsh Gifford,
UK. 5 UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg,
Lancaster, UK.

Nasim Safari1, Sajad Alipour1
1 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty ofAgriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
The study of plant phenology helps to understandthe plant biology, interrelationships of species, andthe effect of climate change on life cycle of them.
Additionally, the phenology data is used in various
subjects such as agriculture, biology and botany. Iris
hymenospatha B.Mathew & Wendelbo is one of theendangered and endemic species of Iran with ornamental and medicinal value. According to BBCH
(Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt undCHemische Industrie) scale, from sprouting to winter rest, six main principal stages are described forsprouting, leaf development, flowering, fruit development, seed maturity and dormancy. This research
was done from February 2020 to December 2022.
Data on this study were collected every three daysin the vegetative season and with a every thirty days

In 2023 the BSBI published its third distribution atlas of
the British and Irish flora based on fieldwork undertaken by almost 9,000 botanical recorders between theyears 2000 and 2019. The findings were published as a
two-volume book and on a dedicated website (plantatlas2020.org). The project covered around 3,500
taxa that had been recorded in the wild in Britain and
Ireland; these comprised roughly equal numbers ofnative and non-native taxa and included many hybrids and infraspecific taxa. Species distributions were
mapped as occurrence in 10 km x 10 km grid squares(hectads) and modelling to adjust for survey effort(Frescalo) was used to determine species trends
over the long- and short-term (1930-2019, 1987-2019);
whether increasing, stable or decreasing. Information
published for each taxon included distribution maps,
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and short-term), conservation status, phenology (leafand flowering), altitudinal range and key references.
The trend analysis identified over 50% of native species
as having declined since the first atlas was publishedin 1962. The project was an outstanding success andthe data produced will provide a vital evidence-basefor conservation and research in the years ahead. The
Atlas is perhaps unique in Europe, even world-wide in
the detail and amount of information provided.

P.0668 Conservation
challenges and priorities
for Rafflesia species(Rafflesiaceae) in thePhilippines

cover loss. To ensure the sustainable conservationof these unique species, urgent actions are recommended to address the drivers of habitat loss, promote sustainable land-use practices, and establish
more protected areas. Effective monitoring and collaboration among local communities, government
agencies, and conservation organizations are vital for achieving positive conservation outcomes.
Furthermore, strengthening legal frameworks andenforcement, habitat restoration efforts, regularmonitoring, and raising awareness are identified
as essential steps towards the recovery of Rafflesia
species in the Philippines.

P.0669 An updated DNA
barcoding tool for Aloevera and CITES-restricted
relatives

Adriane B. Tobias1,2, Pastor L. Malabrigo
Jr.2,3,4, Lerma SJ. Maldia2,5, Inocencio E.
Buot Jr.6, Chris Thorogood7,8
1 Graduate School, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, Philippines. 2 Department of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
Philippines. 3 Museum of Natural History, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines. 4 Land Grant
Management Office, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, Philippines. 5 Makiling Center for Mountain
Ecosystems, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
Philippines. 6 Institute of Biological Sciences, Collegeof Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, Philippines. 7 University of Oxford Botanic Garden, Rose Lane, Oxford, UK. 8 University of Oxford Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, UK.
This paper presents the outcomes of a comprehensive study aimed at understanding the taxonomy,
distribution, and conservation status of Rafflesia
species in the Philippines. Through meticulous taxonomic review, field surveys, and data compilation, 16
Rafflesia species have been identified in the country, with the addition of a newly discovered species,
R. balatociana. The IUCN Categories and Criteria
assessment categorizes ten species as CriticallyEndangered, five as Endangered, and one as Vulnerable, emphasizing the urgent need for conservation actions. The study highlights various threats
faced by Rafflesia, including deforestation driven bycommodities, shifting agriculture, urbanization, illegal forest harvesting, and plantation establishment.
Alarmingly, half of the recorded Rafflesia sites arelocated outside designated protected areas, underscoring the necessity for conservation efforts beyond protected areas. Even within protected areas,
Rafflesia species face habitat degradation and tree

Yannick Woudstra1,2, Paul Rees1, Solofo
Rakotoarisoa3, Nina Rønsted2,4, Caroline
Howard5, Olwen M. Grace1
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United
Kingdom. 2 Natural History Museum of Denmark,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
3 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew, Madagascar
Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
4 National Tropical Botanic Garden, Kalaheo, Hawai’i, United States of America. 5 Wellcome Sanger
Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
DNA barcoding has revolutionised the identificationof illegally traded material of endangered species
as it overcomes the lack of resolution encounteredwith morphological identification. Unfortunately,
in some recently evolved and highly diverse plantgroups, such as the relatives of Aloe vera, the lackof interspecific sequence variation obtained withstandardised markers compromises its efficacy.
Here we present a new DNA barcoding tool using
189 nuclear markers, optimised for aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae). We built a comprehensive
sequence reference dataset from taxonomicallyverified source material covering >300 species ofaloes, and validated this for identification throughphylogenomic inference with anonymised samples. Ten CITES-regulated plants seized at London
Heathrow Airport were subsequently identified to
species level, including a critically endangered
Aloe species from Madagascar. Other samples
purchased commercially were confirmed to be thespecies they were advertised as. An accurate, reli-352

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able DNA barcoding method for aloe identification

introduces new assurance to regulatory processes
for valuable plants in trade.

S.076. GLOBAL MYRTACEAE SYSTEMATICS:
PURE AND APPLIED PERSPECTIVES FORMANAGING AND CONSERVING THE EARTH’S
PLANT DIVERSITY
P.0670 Development of
SSR markers for rare andendangered Myrtaceae
species from the Brazilian
Atlantic Forest
Ana Flávia Augustin1,4,*, Duane F. Lima1,
Roberta Gargiulo2, Valdir M. Stefenon1, Fábio
C. S. Vieira3, Mayara Krasinki Caddah1
1 Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 3 University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 4. *afaugustin@
gmail.com.
Understanding genetic diversity, especially in rare
and/or threatened species, is extremely important for their long-term conservation. Microsatellite markers (or Simple Sequence Repeats – SSRs
markers) have become an important tool in thiskind of studies, as they are highly polymorphic,
distributed throughout the genome and codominant, allowing to identify hetero- and homozygotes. Within the context of rare species, two recently described taxa of the Myrtaceae family
were selected for this study: Myrceugenia basicordata F.C.S. Vieira, Molz & Sobral, and Myrceugenia
joinvillensis F.C.S Vieira. Both of them are endemic
to the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, occuring
in regions close to major urban centers, with limited available biological information. Our objective was to describe genetic diversity in these two
species by developing molecular SSRs markers, tosupport future studies in conservation genetics. To
achieve this, individuals from all eight known populations of both species were collected. One individual of each species was sequenced throughthe Illumina platform. The search for SSR markers was conducted using specific software pro-grammes, and the validation of the markers was
performed in two stages: in a virtual environment
and in laboratory. The sequencing resulted in
11,026,738 reads for M. basicordata and 15,862,298
for M. joinvillensis, with an average length of 100
base pairs per read. The search for SSR regions resulted in 184 loci for M. basicordata and 218 for M.
joinvillensis. A total of 20 markers for each species
were pre-selected in silico, most of them of di-, tri, and pentanucleotides; 12 of which showed good
amplification patterns in laboratory. This is the first
SSR-focused work on Myrceugenia species. It is an
important initial step for future population genetic characterization studies that will generate datathat can be used in the long-term conservation ofthese and other species of the genera.

P.0671 Elucidating the origin
and function of seminal
structures in the polyploid
specie Psidium cattleyanum
Sabine (Myrteae,
Myrtaceae)
Claudia Da Luz-Graña1, Magdalena Vaio1,
Gabriela Speroni1
1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad deAgronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
A sexual or asexual (apomictic) seed is a mature
ovule with seed-coat, nutritive tissue, and embryo.
Embryo shape and seed-coat consistency havebeen used in taxonomic classifications of Myrtaceae. The few studies on Psidium cattleyanum
have been carried out on mature seed, where theorigin of each structure is not known. An ontoge-353

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netic analysis generates information that might
contribute to the phylogeny of the family. The goalof this work is to describe the stages of the ontogenetic development of the embryo, endosperm,
nucellus and seed coat in seeds produced byheptaploid plants of P. cattleyanum f. cattleyanum
and octoploid plants of P. cattleyanum f. cattleyanum, to establish the origin of the seminal structures described at maturity for the species andto contribute to the taxonomic knowledge andreproductive biology of the species. Developing
seeds, obtained from directed crosses between
two octoploid and two heptaploid accessions of
P. cattleyanum, were collected at 22, 29, 36, 43, 50,
57, and 67 days post-pollination. They were fixedin FAA and processed by the paraffin embedding
technique. The seeds adopt a campylotropic form,
with a ‘C’-shaped interior. The embryo follows a
globular, cordiform and torpedo-shaped development, to finally curve the hypocotyl-radicle axis
and adopt a ‘C’ shape. The cotyledons, at maturity,
are well developed and lie on the hypocotyl-radicle axis. The nucellus forms a hypostase and thenuclear endosperm persists in the mature seed.
The seminal cover is formed by the external integument, which sarcotestal epidermis and mesotegument lignificated. The micropyle is surroundedby an operculum The seeds of P. cattleyanum areof the mesotestal-seed type, they present sarcotesta, hypostase, operculum and endosperm.

P.0672 Redescription andextinction risk reassessmentof Plinia renatiana(Myrtaceae)
Heitor Lisboa da Fonseca1, Amélia Carlos
Tuler2, Patricia da Rosa3, Joelcio Freitas4,
Elton J. de Lírio1
1 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2
Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil. 3 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico
do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4 Instituto
Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa, Brazil.

phology, which raises doubts about the correct
application of the name. Issues related to the taxon’s circumscription and the need to reevaluate
its conservation status in light of new data havebeen identified. Therefore, it was necessary to expand the species description by incorporating
new field-collected data and analyzing a greaternumber of herbarium specimens. A comprehensive survey of all herbarium specimens of the species available in databases and in the herbaria
RB, ESA, SP, CVRD, MBML, and SPF was conducted
and the literature was reviewed. Field expeditions
were also carried out in two subpopulations of thespecies. Based on the collected data, we have expanded the morphological description of species
and reassessed its risk of extinction following IUCN
guidelines. The redescription of P. renatiana provides more details about its morphology, contributing to more accurate identifications facilitating
new records, and promoting new studies in thearea. In addition to the morphological description,
taxonomic comments, phenology, a distribution
map, photographs, and illustrations are provided.
In our reassessment, the species was categorized
as EN (A2c; B1(i,iii,v) + 2ab(ii,iii,v)), with changes tothe criteria used in the 2012 assessment, presenting three subpopulations in a fragmented population. Despite the review and inclusion of new data,
the species has remained in the same threat category in which it was assessed more than a decade ago, underscoring the need for conservation
efforts.

P.0673 Morphologicaldiversity in Eugenia
sect. Eugenia (Myrteae,
Myrtaceae): approach toleaf venation patterns andfloral colleters

Plinia renatiana is a species endemic to the stateof Espírito Santo (ES) and has been assessed as
endangered (EN). The species was described in the
1990s based on two samples from the municipalityof Linhares, ES. Subsequently, other materials wereidentified as belonging to the species. However,this set of materials exhibits heterogeneous mor-

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Fiorella F. Mazine1, Everton D. C. da
Silva1, Vinicius L. Denardi1, Natália F.
Mazzaro1, Mariana A. B. da Silva1, Adriano
Maruyama1, Mario Tommasiello2, Karinne
S. Valdemarin2
1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba,
Brazil. 2 Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz deQueiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba,
Brazil.

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With more than 1,100 species, Eugenia is one of thelargest genera in angiosperms and currently circumscribes 11 sections. Eugenia sect. Eugenia encompasses 41 species, with Brazil recognized as
the center of diversity of this section, with greater species diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Eugenia
uniflora L. (popularly known as ‘pitanga’) is oneof the species of this section. The species in thisgroup stand out for the presence of long calyx
lobes, leafy bracts (cataphylls) at the base of theracemes and pedicels and the central axis of the
inflorescence that recovers vegetative development, a characteristic known as auxotelic inflorescence. Due to the remarkable uniformity in theirmorphology, the taxonomic analysis of this groupfaces considerable difficulties. The present study
aimed to present a morphological characterization of the species of E. sect. Eugenia contemplating: 1) leaf venation patterns, 2) characterizationof floral buds, and 3) characterization of colletersin floral parts. All data were obtained from herbaria specimens; the veins were analyzed using
2D X-ray images and the other structures with
the naked eye or stereomicroscope. This study
included an analysis of 31 species of the section.
Regarding leaf venation, the results indicated adefinition for 1st order leaf vein. This vein exhibiteda variation in its course, varying between monopodial (in which the path is straight and does notundergo significant changes after the emergenceof the secondary vein) and sympodial (characterized by the deviation caused by the divergence ofthe secondary vein). This distinction represented
a useful attribute for categorizing species within
the section. For the floral parts, the buds of all species of E. sect. Eugenia exhibited a partial fusion of
the calyx lobes in the flower bud, pairs of sepalsof equal size, and the presence of colleters in all
reproductive structures. CAPES, CNPq, FAPESP.

P.0674 Taxonomic studyof the widespread andvery variable Eugenia
punificifolia (Myrtaceae)

Eugenia P.Micheli ex L. (Myrtaceae), comprising ca.
1.200 species and with a Pantropical distribution, isthe world’s second largest genus in number of arboreal species. Eugenia is a taxonomically complex
group due to the high morphological homogeneity
between its species, leading to common misidentification throughout its history. Eugenia is subdivided
into 11 sections, with exclusively Neotropical Eugenia
sect. Umbellatae O.Berg being the most challenging,with ca. 600 species. The section is characterized
by non-showy flowers and inflorescences fasciculate, glomerulous or umbellate, or short racemes.
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. has wide distribution(Cuba and North South America to Argentina) andbroad morphological variation that is represented
by 100 synonyms resulted from the publication of‘new species’ usually based on morphological extremes. Until now, no detailed systematic study of
E. punicifolia has been undertaken; this study addresses that gap. Synonyms and protologues of E.
punicifolia were collated from literature and online
platforms (Plants Of The World Online and Tropicos) and 33 nomenclatural types were analysed inperson, the remaining were analysed from images
accessible at Jstor, SpeciesLink and the Reflora Virtual Herbarium. All available specimens were used
to collect comprehensive morphological and distribution datasets. As a result, 18 morphotypes wereidentified in E. punicifolia, these are geographically
representative of the species and encompass variations in leaf shape (obovate, oblanceolate, oblongor elliptic), inflorescence architecture (solitary flowers, fascicle or short raceme), number of flowers per
axil (2-6), floral bud and flower size, pedicel lengthand presence or absence of indumentum on leaves,hypanthium, sepals and staminal ring. Nomenclatural studies reveal that ca. 70 lectotypifications are
required. Future steps will include a comparison ofthis baseline data with a phylogenomic hypothesis
based on A353 targeted sequencing and ultimately
an approach integrating macroecological considerations will likely be needed to separate taxonomically meaningful entities

Janine D.O. Melo1, Eve J. Lucas2, Augusto
G. de Oliveira3, Nádia Roque4
1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew,
Richmond, UK. 3 Universidade Federal da Grande
Dourados, Dourados, Brazil. 4 Universidade Federal
da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.

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S.077. GRAPEVINES (VITIS SPP.): A MODEL
FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACHESTO CONSERVING AND USING CROP WILDRELATIVES
P.0675 Bioclimaticcharacterization of Spanish
heroic viticulture
Aitor Álvarez-Santacoloma1, Giovanni
Breogán Ferreiro-Lera1, Ángel Penas1 ,Saradel Río González2
1 University of Leon, León, Spain. 2 University ofLeon, Mountain Livestock Institute CSIC-UNILEON,
León, Spain.
The title of heroic viticulture was proposed in 1987, at
which time the Center for Research, Safeguarding,
Coordination and Valuation of Mountain Viticulture(CERVIM) was established, with the aim of preserving and promoting the traditional viticulture that is
carried out in places whose orographic conditions
cannot enable the mechanization of vineyard work.
This organization has implemented a quality sealthat certifies production from vines located in areas with tall slopes, therefore crops in terraces, aswell as high landscape value. In Spain, there are fiveProtected Denominations of Origin (DOP), which are:Arribes del Duero, Canarias, Priorat, Ribeira Sacra
and Vinos de Cangas. Using the bioclimatic classification system proposed by Rivas-Martínez et al.
(2011), and other variables traditionally used in viticulture, the qualitative and quantitative bioclimaticcharacterization of the Spanish DOPs that have theheroic viticulture certification was carried out. For
this, the CHELSA v.2.1 climate database was used forthe period 1980-2018. The geographical information
system (GIS) software ArcGIS Pro v.3.1.0, was used
for the computation of the different bioclimatic parameters and indexes. Continentality Index, Annual
Ombrothermic Index and Compensated Thermicity
Index were selected as key bioclimatic predictors
for vineyard characterization, in addition to others
traditionally used. Therefore, the method proposedby Rivas-Martínez et al., substantiated on the distribution of natural vegetation, can be applied in agronomic studies. The statistical analysis has been
done using the IBM SPSS Statistics and RStudio soft-

ware. The mean, maximum and minimum values
were calculated for each of the analyzed environmental factors, as well as the interquartile range.
Thus, allowing the definition of the suitable and optimal ranges for the survival of the vines in each of thedenominations of origin was studied. References: Rivas-Martínez, S., Rivas, S. & Penas, A. (2011) “Worldwide
bioclimatic classification system”, Global Geobotany, 1(1), pp. 1-638.

P.0676 First genetic reservesof crop wild relatives in
Spain
Elena Torres1, Ada Molina2, José M. Iriondo2
1 Dpto. Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. 2 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, Spain.
Natural populations of crops and their wild relatives
are a source of genetic diversity for plant breeders, whose main challenge is to develop varieties
adapted to new scenarios resulting from climatechange. Consequently, the conservation of thesecrop wild relatives (CWR) is of great importance for
future food security, particularly in areas where they
have developed unique properties. In this context,
a pioneering pilot project in Spain led to the establishment of six genetic reserves in Sierra del Rincón
Biosphere Reserve. Over three years, several activities were undertaken: 1) identification of priority CWR
from the floristic inventory of the biosphere reserve;2) localization of high CWR species richness spots inboth public areas and fields managed by farmers; 3)
census and habitat characterization of target populations; 4) interviews to understand the land uses
and agricultural practices; 5) collection and ex situ
conservation of seeds; 6) training for professionals
working in the territory; and 7) communication andcitizen participation. As a result, the selected areas,
which include a livestock trail, a public-private educational farm, and four private farms, cover an area356

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Poster presentationsof 6.9 ha and provide habitat for 38 CWR populations. The main risks identified are related to changes in land use or management, such as an increaseof the livestock load or cultivated area, mowing before seed dispersal, land abandonment, etc. Basedon the information gathered, a management plan
was prepared for each genetic reserve in collaboration with the land managers. These plans, which are
the guidelines for the long-term conservation of the
populations, will be reviewed every five years at thetime of the monitoring of the genetic reserves. Providing continued technical support to participantsis also an important task. Taking this project as amodel, five additional genetic reserves are currently
in progress in Salamanca, León, and Cáceres.

P.0677 The official strategy
of Spain for the conservation
and use of crop wild
relatives
Elena Torres1, Ada Molina2, María Luisa
Rubio Teso2, Clara Álvarez Muñiz2, Lucíade la Rosa3, Esther Pajares4, Javier
Tardío5, Luis Guasch3, José M. Iriondo2
1 Dpto. Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Áreade Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey
Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. 3 Centro de Recursos
Fitogenéticos y Agricultura Sostenible, Alcalá deHenares, Spain. 4 Subdirección General de Medios de Producción Agrícola y Oficina Española deVariedades Vegetales, Madrid, Spain. 5 Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural,
Agrario y Alimentario, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
Crop wild relatives (CWR), which include crop ancestors and other closely related species, havebeen specifically targeted for conservation both by
the Convention on Biological Diversity (Aichi Target
13) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG
Target 2.5). Compared with commercial cultivars,
CWR have faced natural challenges for thousandsof years and maintain a much higher level of genetic diversity. Thus, they can be used as a sourceof genes to improve crop adaptability in the current
context of climate change. Given the importanceof CWR for food security and sustainable agriculture, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture approved anational strategy in 2022 to preserve this group ofplants and promote their use in breeding programs.
The strategy includes 42 actions to address six targets: 1) Enhance the knowledge of the prioritized spe-

cies to support conservation decisions and promote
their use; 2) Establish an efficient network of genetic
reserves with active management guidelines; 3) Improve the representativeness of CWR in germplasm
banks; 4) Identify useful genetic variation and makeit available for breeding programs, considering theaccess and benefit-sharing; 5) Integrate the strategy into the policies of different sectors across all levels of government; 6) Provide training to professionals working in conservation and farmers so they canmanage the genetic reserves themselves, and raiseawareness among the public. The strategy adopts
two different approaches: one focuses on a specificgeographical area and the CWR conserved within
its boundaries, while the other concentrates on the
CWR of a particular crop. To measure progress, 76
indicators have been defined. Furthermore, an official checklist of priority CWR and wild food plants
has been generated. The list contains 521 species
that can contribute desirable genetic traits to 141
crops (including food, forage, industrial and ornamental crops) or have the potential to be cultivatedfor food.

P.0678 First steps in theimplementation of the
Spanish strategy forconservation and use ofcrop wild relatives and wild
food plants
Elena Torres1, María Luisa Rubio Teso2,
Carlos Lara-Romero2, Dolores Cuadra2,
Ada Molina2, José M. Iriondo2
1 Dpto. Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Universidad
Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, Móstoles, Spain.
Given the importance of crop wild relatives and wild
food plants (CWR/WFP) for food security, in 2022,
the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture approved a national strategy to conserve them and promote theiruse in breeding programs. In this context, we present the priority actions for the period 2023-2026 andthe first results of their implementation. To improve
the knowledge of the 521 target species, occurrence
data from GBIF and other sources were integrated
into a database containing over 1.8 million records.
The resulting chorological maps were used to estimate the coverage of the Natura 2000 network and357

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other protected areas for CWR/WFP. The gap analysis results show that most species (421) have between 75% and 100% of their ecogeographical variability represented in protected areas. Additionally,
the Natura 2000 network provides semi-active protection for 47 CWR/WFP as they are characteristic
species of habitats listed in Annex I of the Habitats
Directive. Importantly, only 11 of the 57 legally protected CWR/WFP species have recovery or conservationplans in place. Based on these data and applying
complementary algorithms, 40 hotspots will be selected as potential sites for the establishment of genetic reserves (10 of which will be visited to confirm
their suitability). A similar analysis will be carried out

to assess the ecogeographical representativenessof CWR/WFP in germplasm banks, and to identify
priority sites for seed collection. Also, information on
the biology, ecology, vulnerability to climate change
and traits of interest to plant breeders will be compiled in a database for each species. The databaseis already designed according to FAIR principles. The
remaining actions focus on defining the minimum
requirements for a site to be designated as a genetic reserve, developing an official register of genetic
reserves, and providing guidelines for farmers andenvironmental technicians on how to manage andmonitor CWR/WFP.

S.078. GRASSROOTS MULTIDISCIPLINARY
AND INTEGRATIVE RESEARCH ON THE GLOBAL
DIVERSITY OF THE GRASSES (POACEAE)
P.0679 Investigating thegenetic diversity in two
species of Avena from thecereal family in Iran
Zahra Aghajani1, Maryam Keshavarzi1,
Samaneh Mosaferi1
Department of Plant Ecology and Systematics,
Al-Zahra university of Tehran, Iran.
Avena sometimes called the common oat, are annual plants that have been cultivated and consumed as human and animal food sources forthousands of years. There are 27 species of Avena
around the world 7 of which are found in Iran. The
dispersal of this genus extends throughout Europe,Asia, and northwest Africa. In this study, we examined different populations of A. fatua and A. sterilis
from Iran. These two species show great similarities, based on previous experiments and morphological studies. Therefore, molecular and genetic
analysis can be very effective in distinguishing
between these two species. In this research, we
examined these two species by applying 10 ISSR
molecular markers. We administered the CTAB
method for DNA extraction and multiple software
including DARwin, GenAlex, PAST, POPGene, and
STRUCTURE for statistical analysis. AMOVA test
showed high genetic diversity within the studied

populations, indicating that 22% of the genetic
diversity is interspecific and 78% is intraspecific.
Mantel test discloses a direct correlation between
geographic distance and genetic distance, where
genetic distance increases along with geographic
distance. Based on the Nm value obtained in thisstudy (Nm: 0.1117), gene flow between species isvery low. A. fatua and A. sterilis showed relatively
high genetic similarity and are located near eachother. Such studies on these two species wereconducted for the first time in Iran.

P.0680 Multidisciplinary
reconstruction of theevolution and systematics
rearrangement of
Heteropogon and Themeda(Andropogoneae)

358

Watchara Arthan1, Elizabeth A. Kellogg2,
Caroline E. R. Lehmann3, 4, Jonathan
Mitchley5, Maria S. Vorontsova6
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Facultyof Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 2 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St.
Louis, USA. 3 Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 4 School of Geo-XX International
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sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 5
School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading,Whiteknights, Reading, UK. 6 Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
Grasses in the genera Heteropogon and Themeda make a significant contribution to the world’s
C4tropical grassy biomes. Phylogenomic analysis reveals non-monophyly of both Heteropogon
and Themeda. Heteropogon melanocarpus andH. ritchiei form a clade with Themeda and theremaining Heteropogon species are placed outside this clade. Discordant phylogenetic positions
suggest possible hybridization history in H. contortus, H. triticeus, and T. triandra. These phylogenetic relationships reflect evolutionary histories
shaped by associations between climatic niches
and morphological traits. Pantropical H. contortus and H. fischerianus populations are grouped
in a single clade that encompasses diverse morphotypes characterized by distinct leaf shape,
indumentum, and awn length. Such morphological plasticity may facilitate adaptations to low
or high precipitation and seasonality regimes.
The Themeda triandra clade includes two morphologically distinct species T. quadrivalvis andT. unica, suggesting an ongoing speciation process and diverse morphology in a single species
adapting to different climatic regimes. A biome
shift from savannas to wetlands is associatedwith the origin of the Southeast Asian Themeda clade which developed greater culm height,
leaf size and straight awns absent from savanna
counterparts outside this clade. Ecological analysis supports quantitative characters such as
culm height, awn type, and awn length as meaningful for species classification. Morphologicaldiversity in inflorescence branching patterns, fertile spikelet arrangement, and indumentum also
effectively delimit species. Better understandingof the phylogenetic relationships and the related
morphology enables us to update the classification. The circumscription of Themeda is broadened to include H. melanocarpus and H. ritchiei,
and Heteropogon encompasses the remaining
Heteropogon species. Numerous homogamousand fertile spikelets delimit Heteropogon whilethese are reduced to 2-4 pairs in Themeda. This
study highlights multidisciplinary integrative approaches that can be applied to other to use theevolutionary and ecological history to improveclassifications.

P.0681 Generic delimitationof Oropetium (Poaceae)
based on molecularphylogeny and its
biogeography
Alok R. Chorghe1, S. Surveswaran2, R. N.
Kulloli3
1 Regional Museum of Natural History, Gangtok,
Sikkim, India. 2 School of Life Science, University ofHyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 3 Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
An interesting study on the phylogeny of resurrection Oropetium grasses using barcoding loci and on
the correlation of species distribution models andfunctional traits in desert to dry and tropical Africanand Asian biomes.

P.0682 Plagiarism in the
Poaceae: the role of lateralgene transfer in grass
evolution
Catherine Collins1, Lara Pereira1, Luke T.
Dunning1
1 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Lateral gene transfer (LGT) has been reported in
multiple eukaryotes. This process seems particularly widespread amongst grasses where thetransfer of large DNA fragments has been shownto spread functional genes across the family, inwild and crop species alike. However, we know very
little about the underlying dynamics. Using multiple reference genomes within the grass Alloteropsis semialata we show that the rate of LGT varies
among lineages, and that LGTs are more likely toappear as accessory genes in a species pan-genome than those vertically inherited. By comparing
expression patterns between the donor and recipient species, it also appears that trans-regulated
genes are more likely to be retained post transfer
than those that are cis-regulated. Finally, we also
propose that ‘reproductive contamination’ is theunderlying mechanism behind these transfers. Ultimately, the sharing of adaptive genetic material
within grasses has the potential to accelerate ad-359

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aptation and drive evolutionary shifts in this globally important group of plants.

P.0683 The DNA barcodingof the genus Festuca L. in
TurkeyP.0684 Novelties in thegenus Festuca L. (Poaceae)
in Turkey
Jelena Erdal1, Gencer Yaprak1,2, MusaDoğan1
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East
Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Nature Conservation Centre, Ankara, Turkey.

Jelena Erdal1, Gencer Yaprak1,2, Esra MineÜnal3,4, Emre Keskin3, 4
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East
Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Nature Conservation Centre, Ankara, Turkey. 3 Evolutionary
Genetics Laboratory, Ankara University, Ankara,
Turkey. 4 AgriGenomics Hub, Animal and Plant Research Innovation Center, Ankara, Turkey.
A DNA barcoding analysis was conducted on thegenus Festuca L. in Turkey as part of a comprehensive review of the genus in the same region. Following extensive field surveys and sampling, along withdetailed morphological, micromorphological, anatomical and ecological analyses, a total of 75 fescue
specimens were chosen. These specimens included
representatives of known fescue taxa, new records
for Turkey, and several specimens from populations
that exhibited notable distinctions from recognizedfescue species. These distinctions potentially suggest the presence of new taxa. The technique of DNA
barcoding has been employed to genetically analyze the distribution of the genus Festuca L. in Turkey.
rbcL loci present in the chloroplast DNA were amplified from genomic DNA samples extracted fromtissue samples of fescue specimens and examined
to determine the effectiveness of DNA sequences in
identifying species. The phylogeographic relationship was determined by calculating the distance
between populations and comparing them withspecimens from different countries and populations. The study also examined the effectiveness of
DNA barcoding in detecting intra-genetic differences within the species. These differences were thenutilized to create evolutionary relationship trees andmedian joining networks. Our expectations are thatthe results of this study will help in resolving taxonomic problems and obtaining a contemporary
systematic account of the genus Festuca L. in Turkey, based on the integrative approaches. Besides,
we hope that our data will be a humble contribution to the global genetic sequence databases andfuture phylogenetic studies regarding both fescues
and grasses in general.

We present preliminary results of the ongoing revisional study of the genus Festuca L. in Turkey. Overthe past five years, extensive field surveys have been
conducted across the country, with an aim to detect, collect, and examine all known and potentially new fescue taxa. The comprehensive collectionof approximately 2500 specimens that reflects thediversity and variability of fescues from various regions of Turkey has been established. Analyses of
the assembled material and herbarium collections
have been performed using morphological, micromorphological, anatomical, and ecological methods. Phylogenetic analyses are also in progress. In
Turkey, we currently recognize the genus Festuca L.
sensu lato, comprising four subgenera, five sections
and 59 taxa (47 species, nine subspecies and threevarieties). The preliminary fescue checklist in Turkey
includes three new taxa, Festuca timoniona J.Erdal,
G.Yaprak and M.Doğan, Festuca woronowii subsp.
rizensis J.Erdal, G.Yaprak and M.Doğan, and Festuca adanensis var. alexandretta J.Erdal, G.Yaprak
and M.Doğan and two new records, Festuca pseudodalmatica Krajina and Festuca rupicola Heuff.
The nomenclature statuses of two taxa have beenchanged as Festuca pseudorivularis (Markgr.-Dann.
ex H.Scholz) J.Erdal, G.Yaprak and M.Doğan and Festuca uluana (Markgr.-Dann.) J. Erdal, G. Yaprak and
M. Doğan. The presence of the two species Festuca sommieri Litard. and Festuca ziganensis Markgr.-Dann. is now considered doubtful, while Festuca
decolorata Markgr.-Dann. has been rediscovered
and neotypified. We anticipate that the number offescue taxa in Turkey will increase further as integrative approaches yield new findings. Eventually,
we aim to provide a contemporary systematic account of Festuca L. in Turkey and suggest conservation measures for threatened taxa. Furthermore, we
expect that this study will contribute to the understanding of fescues diversity in Turkey and set thefoundation for future botanical research and conservation efforts.

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P.0685 Conservation
status of populations of theendangered F. vasconcensis
subsp. actiophyta (M.I. Gut.)
Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa(Poaceae)

P.0686 Festuca sect. Eskia
under the scope: phylogenyof fine-leaved Loliinae(Poaceae) with focus on
south-eastern European taxa
Ivana Rešetnik1, Maja Mucko1, Dmitar
Lakušić2, Sandro Bogdanović3, Marko
Doboš4, Ivica Ljubičić3, Nevena
Kuzmanović2, Božo Frajman5

Eva Martínez-Veiga1, Iván RodríguezBuján2, Manuel Pimentel Pereira 1, Elvira
Sahuquillo Balbuena1

1 Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,
Croatia. 2 Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden,
Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia. 3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia. 4 Papuk Nature Park, Velika, Croatia. 5 Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck,
Innsbruck, Austria.

1 Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Investigaciónde biología evolutiva, Facultade de Ciencias, A
Coruña, Spain. 2 Universidade da Coruña, BIOCOST
research group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química
e Bioloxía, A Coruña, Spain.
Festuca vasconcesis (Markgr.-Dann) Auquier subsp. actiophyta (M.I. Gut.) Mart.-Sagarra & Devesa(Poaceae) grows exclusively on ultrabasic rocky
outcrops in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.
Its limited range, the specificity of its habitat andthe pressures and threats to its populations have
led to it being declared as vulnerable species.
This entails an obligation to regularly monitor theconservation status of its populations. This study
presents the results of the most recent census andcompares them with previous ones in order to understand the impact of land use changes on thisvulnerable taxon. Several problems were identified
during the survey: First, being a caespitose plant,
it was very difficult to determine what was an individual, so the number of panicles was used toassess the number of specimens. Tussocks werealso considered in some populations in order tocalibrate an alternative method of counting. Other problems were the definition of the size of thesampling area to be used during fieldwork and thedetermination of the right survey period. Forty-one
1x1km grids were surveyed during the peak flowering period (June-August 2023), the most appropriate time to detect the presence of the species.
The comparison with previous data reveals theimpact of using different methodologies in the final results, and it stresses the need to standardise
the protocol for working with caespitose endangered species.

Grasslands, encompassing roughly 30% of the
Earth’s land area, play a pivotal role in biodiversity serving as vital ecosystems for numerous plants
and animals. One of the largest globally distributed genera dominating various types of grasslands
is Festuca (Loliinae, Poaceae). Recent phylogenetic studies revealed two main evolutionary lineages
within Festuca, corresponding to broad-leaved andfine-leaved species. Within fine-leaved fescues, theearliest diverging groups included species of theEuroasian F. sect. Eskia and F. sect. Dimorphae, collectively named the Eskia-Dimorpha Group, comprising 34 species. These species often coexist in
sympatry, sharing morphological similarities thatpose challenges for taxonomic classification due tofrequent interspecific hybridization and polyploidization events. In this study, we inferred phylogenetic
relationships using nuclear ITS and plastid trnT–trnF
regions of 157 taxa, encompassing the systematic
diversity of Loliinae, with a specific focus on elucidating interspecific relationships within the Eskia-Dimorpha Group. Additionally, we investigated the incidence of polyploidy and inferred relative genome
size variation and its evolutionary dynamics within F.
sect. Eskia. Our findings support the early sequential
divergence of Eskia-Dimorpha Group lineages within fine-leaved Loliinae, revealing several well-supported and geographically segregated groups ofspecies from the Alps, the Pyrenees or the Balkan
Peninsula. We uncovered instances of phylogenetic incongruence, notably pronounced among Balkan species, suggesting complex evolutionary processes at play. This study revealed for the first time
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within F. sect. Eskia on the Balkan Peninsula, with tetraploids restricted to the southern Dinaric and adjacent north Scardo–Pindic ranges, and hexaploids
found only on Mt Pirin (Bulgaria). Overall, our study
underscores the intricate evolutionary history anddifferentiation of species within the Eskia-DimorphaGroup, emphasizing the need for further research torefine phylogenetic hypotheses and taxonomic circumscriptions, thereby enhancing our understanding of grassland biodiversity and evolution.

equivalent analysis for the grasses is lacking. Here,
we use comparative methods to test for correlated
evolution between life history and photosynthesis
type using Pagel’s method. Should these two traits
be correlated, we determine if C4 photosynthesis
evolves more frequently in annual lineages, annuality evolves more frequently in C4 lineages, or neither.
We use methods to address known type I errors. Our
results provide new insights into the evolution of annuality in the context of photosynthetic mode.

P.0687 Are annuality andC4 photosynthesis jointly
beneficial or independent
strategies for grasses in hot,dry climates?

P.0688 Morphometricanalyses help to elucidate
species delimitation in
Eriochrysis (Poaceae,
Andropogoneae)

Laura Schat1, Siri Fjellheim2, Aelys M.
Humphreys1

Lisandra P. Souza1, Tamara Pastori2,
Cassiano A. D. Welker1

1 Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant
Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
2 Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.

1 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia,
Brazil 2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Porto Alegre, Brazil.

An annual life history and C4 photosynthesis areboth common strategies in hot, dry climates. Annual plants avoid the hottest, driest periods by staying
dormant as seeds, and C4 photosynthesis is mosteffective in climates with drought and high temperatures. Both of these traits have been linked to(sub)tropical and Mediterranean climates, and C4
photosynthesis has been linked to transitions toopen habitats. Around half of all known C4 species
are grasses (Poaceae), and C4 species account for
42% of the circa 11,000 grass species. Overall, ca. 17%
of Poaceae are annuals but their distribution differs
among subfamilies: the largest subfamilies in the
PACMAD clade (both C3 and C4) comprise arounda third annual species (Micrairoideae, 32%; Panicoideae, 29%; and Chloridoideae, 26%), compared
to only 11% in the largest subfamily (Pooideae) inthe BOP clade (exclusively C3). This suggests that
there are more annuals in C4 than in C3 lineages.
Both annuality and C4 photosynthesis have evolved
multiple times within the grasses; however, it is unclear whether the two traits evolve independently
and represent alternative strategies, or are jointly
favoured, in warm, dry climates. The two traits also
co-occur in the Amaranthaceae (s.l.). However,there are probably not more C4 than C3 annuals in
the amaranths and C3/C4 transitions happen at thesame rate in both annual and perennial lineages. An

Eriochrysis (Poaceae, Andropogoneae) is a monophyletic genus with about 11 species distributed intropical and subtropical regions of the Americas,
Africa, and India. The genus is characterized mainly by its inflorescences with golden-brown to lightbrown trichomes and heterogamous spikelets. The
main morphological features used to distinguishits species are the density of trichomes in the inflorescences and the shape and size of the spikelets.
Although it is a small genus, Eriochrysis has many
species delimitation problems, which require studies
with multiple approaches. Morphometric analyses
including multiple individuals of New World Eriochrysis taxa were performed, based on 34 characters(16 qualitative and 18 quantitative). Data were analyzed with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) anddiscriminant analysis (DA), using characters thatdiffered statistically significantly between groups
by SPSS software version 29. Scatter plots of PCoA
analyses performed with qualitative and quantitative characters showed that the multiple individualsof Eriochrysis cayennensis (the type of the genus)
formed a group distinct from the group formed byindividuals of E. villosa, indicating a strong morphological differentiation between these two groups ofspecimens. This suggests that E. villosa is a distinct
species rather than a synonym of E. cayennensis, as
proposed by some authors. Likewise, scatter plots

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Poster presentationsof PCoA and DA analyses demonstrated discrimination between individuals of E. warmingiana andE. laxa, suggesting the recognition of two distinct
species, contrary to what is accepted by some authors. These results are in agreement with molecularphylogenies carried out with Eriochrysis taxa, which
demonstrates the relevance of morphometric anal-

yses to assist in species delimitation in the genus.
Morphometric analyses also indicated strong discrimination between a group of specimens from
Brazil and individuals of other species of the genus
already described, suggesting that these plants
may be a new species, which needs to be further
investigated.

S.079. HABITATBOUND BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION
P.0689 Speciation linked
to altitudinal gradients: thecase of Lewinskya hookeri(Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta)
in southeast Asia
Pablo Aguado-Ramsay1,2, Francisco
Lara2,3, Ricardo Garilleti4, Isabel Draper2,3
1 Doctoral School (EDUAM), Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Centro de Investigación
en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4 Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Universidad de
Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Lewinskya F. Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet is one of themost diverse genera of Orthotrichoideae Broth. (Orthotrichaceae Arn.). It includes ca. 80 globally distributed taxa, some of which are potential species
complexes. This is the case for L. hookeri (Wilson ex
Mitt.) F. Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet, a species reported to be widespread in the eastern Himalayas, theHengduan Mountains and the high plateaus of Tibet(Sino-Himalayan region). It is characterized by conspicuous sporophytic features (long seta, cylindricalcapsules, and endostome with 16 wide segments),
but it is considered to be a highly variable species
in some other aspects, such as calyptra hairiness,seta length or leaf shape. Despite its great variability,
only two varieties are so-far recognised: L. hookeri
var. hookeri and L. hookeri var. granulata (Lewinsky)
F. Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet, separated by differencesin spore papillosity. Results from recent altitudinaltransect surveys in Nepal, India and China suggest
much greater complexity, with ca. ten morphotypes
identified that succeed each other in altitude. Thus,

what is currently known as Lewinskya hookeri could
represents a complex of pseudo-cryptic species
that segregate at altitude due to microenvironmental factors. Previous differentiation of these morphotypes may have been hampered because someof the most conspicuous shared characters havebeen considered to be of great taxonomic significance. The aim of this work is to unravel the diversity
found in these transects using integrative taxonomy. At the same time, it explores the relationshipof these morphotypes with the environment, which
may have played an essential role in speciation andin the observed changes in morphology.

P.0690 Epiphyllous bryoflora
in a forest in the Amazon
basin – Colombia.
Marco T. Estepa-Ruiz1, Laura V. Campos1
1 Escuela de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Maestría
en Ciencias - Biología, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.
Bryophytes form an inconspicuous group of theplanet’s flora; however, their contribution is fundamental to the balance of ecosystem services, mainly in water cycle. Given this importance and seeking
to respond to the composition of mosses and epiphyllous liverworts in a forest in the Colombian Amazon, 16 trees (canopy) and 16 shrubs (understory)
were chosen, which were distributed in 4 plots of 50
x 50 m, each of these separated by 500m. Epiphyllous bryophytes were collected on leaves of boththe canopy and understory, in small plots of 10cm2.
From 200 samples collected, 28 species of liverworts
and 2 species of mosses were identified, obtaining
a total of 30 species distributed in 14 genera and 5
families. The bryoflora was represented in 93.3% by363

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the Marchantiophyta division, presenting the Lejeuneaceae family as the most representative in the
study (86.7%). The genera with the highest numberof species were Cololejeunea (36.7%), Archilejeunea,
Ceratolejeunea, Cyclolejeunea, Drepanolejeunea,
Lejeunea and Leptolejeunea (6.7%). In addition, a
new record was found for Colombia Cololejeunea
papillosa and for the Colombian Amazon a total of
18 new records. For the distribution between the epiphyllous bryoflora of the canopy and understory of
the 30 species identified 11 species were shared followed by 12 canopy species and 7 understory species; the only 2 species of mosses were identified in
the understory. These records provide valuable information to the understanding of the diversity anddistribution of epiphyllous bryophytes in the Colombian Amazon.

tinental Asia (China, Nepal, Bhutan, etc.) thendiverged farther south into the archipelagos ofMalesia and Australia.

P.0691 Diversification andbiogeography of Asian
Meteorium species

1 Biosciences Institute of São Paulo University, SãoPaulo, Brazil. 2 Environmental Research Institute,São Paulo, Brazil.

Thien-Tam Luong1, Sanna Huttunen1, Lars
Hedenas2
1 Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,
Sweden.
Meteorium Dozy & Molk. is a pantropical moss genus consisting of many epiphytic species with acenter of diversity in Asia. Together with Papillaria
Lorentz., they form a major clade in the Meteoriaceae subfamily Meteorioideae. The confusion
between the two genera is more or less resolved(Huttunen et al. 2004, Quandt et al. 2004), andwhile Papillaria has been treated systematically(de Olivera et al. 2020), taxonomy, evolution andphylogenetic relationships within the genus Meteorium remain ambiguous although the generic delimitation is clear. Hence, our project aims
to provide a fundamental systematic framework
including taxonomic solutions, evolutionary andbiogeographical knowledge for the genus Meteorium. We combine a morphological taxonomical
revision with molecular data from four regions(nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 & 3A3 regions; plastid
trnL-F & rpl16 regions) to reveal and clarify evolutionary history, species diversification and biogeography within the genus. We could resolve theAmerican species altogether in a clade separate
from Asian taxa. The analysis also shows that the
species diversification has originated from con-

P.0692 Reviviscence
determination of theBrazilian endemic moss
Polytrichadelphus
pseudopolytrichum (Raddi)
G. L. Sm. (Polytrichaceae)
Tamara M. Matos1, Bianca K.A. Paulino1,
Fungyi Chow1, Denilson F. Peralta2,
Déborah Y.A.C. Santos1

Bryophytes are considered pioneer embryophytes tolead with land environment stresses such as desiccation. Approximately 158 moss species are described
as revivescents, plants that remain viable for longanabiosis periods, activating the vital processes whenwater is again available. Polytrichaceae presents species able to survive under extreme desiccation conditions and, when rehydrated, recover themselves ina few seconds (Wood, 2007). Considering the intrinsic
characteristic of desiccation tolerance of this family,
the main goal of this study was to verify resurrection
ability in the Brazilian endemic moss Polytrichadelphus
pseudopolytrichum. For that, gametophytes were acclimatized in the greenhouse (30 days), transferred toa growth chamber (15 days), and distributed in threegroups: control (15 days), desiccation (15 days), andrehydration followed by collect (t= 0 minutes and 24
hours). Afterward, photosynthetic parameters, total
pigment content, relative water, lipid peroxidation,
antioxidant enzymatic activities, and cuticular wax
profiles were analyzed. During desiccation, P. pseudopolytrichum gametophytes presented preserved photosynthetic parameters (p= 0,300/Fv/Fm, p= 0,100/Y(II),p= 0,400/ETRmax), chlorophyll contents (p= 0,0540/
Chla, p= 0,0547/Chlb), and lipid peroxidation rate (p=0,700). However, carotenoid content (p= 0,0078), antioxidant enzymatic activity (p= 0,0011/CAT, p= 0,0001/
SOD, APX, GR), and cuticular waxes (p= 0,0001/content,
p= 0,0124/alkanes) were statistically changed under
the desiccation state, returning after 24 hours of rehydration to control values (p= 0,300/carotenoids; p=0,350/CAT, p= 0,0510/SOD, p= 0,050/APX, GR; p= 0,1000/
wax content, p= 0,0563/alkanes). Our data suggest364

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P. pseudopolytrichum is a revivescent moss, activating repair mechanisms such as photoprotection,
cell membranes conservation, scavenging free radicals, and avoiding non-stomatic water lost, essentials during the desiccation/resurection in revivescentplants (Marks et al. 2021).
References: Wood, A.J. (2007). The Bryologist. 110, 163–167.); Marks, R.A. et al. (2021). Am. J. Bot. 108, 346–358.

P.0693 Photosynthetic
capacity of mosses along a
Year of Elevated CO2

as it seems to impose multifaceted impacts on photosynthesis and, consequently, could have negative
implications on bryophyte flora productivity and acclimation potential.

P.0694 Offsite landscapesaround mines: A focus on
boreal forest understory
biodiversity
Xiangbo Yin1,2,3, Christine Martineau4,
Abdul Samad4, Nicole J. Fenton1
1 Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue,
Rouyn-Noranda, Canada. 2 National Institute of
Scientific Research, Quebec City, Canada. 3 Philipp
University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. 4 Natural
Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, Canada.

João Paulo S Souza1, José Ángel MoralesSánchez1, Kristiina Mark1, Ülo Niinemets1,2
1 Institute of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences,
Tartu, Estonia. 2 Estonian Academy of Sciences,
Tallinn, Estonia.
Concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) are globally constantly increasing with major impacts on terrestrial vegetation. While the elevated CO2 effects on vascular plants have been
extensively studied, there is only limited information
for bryophytes. Yet, globally, bryophytes store large
amounts of carbon. To assess how the photosynthetic capacity of mosses behave along a year ofelevated CO2 concentration, we carried out in vitro
growth chamber experiment with eight common
boreal forest floor species with differing ecology andstructure collected from different habitats in Estonia.
The moss specimens, collected as cushions in earlysummer, were acclimatized in growing chambers at
400 ppm for seven months until half of the plants
were exposed to 1000 ppm (as the treatment) andthe other half were kept at 400 ppm (as the control) for another 12 months. During the elevated CO2
treatment, photosynthesis measurements (net assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence) were conducted every two months. The exposure to elevated CO2 had a positive effect on carbon assimilation
during the first six months for most species. However,a decrease in assimilation rate occurred during theexperiment and in the last months, the long-term
elevated CO2 had a negative effect, showing lower CO2 assimilation (A) values than the control. The
maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII)
and electron transport chain (ETC) did not exhibit
significant changes over time. These results underscore the importance of measuring the effects oflong-term exposure to elevated CO2 in bryophytes,

More landscapes will be exposed to mining disturbances with increased mining activities for thegreen energy transition. The ecological effects
associated with mining could extend beyond theedge of the immediate mine location and reach
into surrounding (offsite) landscapes because
dust, salt, excess nutrients, or other contaminants
move from mines into surrounding ecosystems
via air, water or human activities (e.g., vehicle
movement). However, how mining affects understory biodiversity in offsite landscapes is largely
unknown especially in Canada’s boreal forest –the world’s largest intact forest ecosystem. Here
we selected six gold mine sites in Quebec, Canada. To address this gap, we investigated threegroups of bryophytes, vascular plants and phyllosphere microbiota in the understory layer within
1-km mosaic landscapes around six mines at different mining stages in the Canada’s boreal zone.
We found three potential mechanisms of mining
affecting surrounding understory biodiversity: 1)
Changing or reshaping the community structure
directly, e.g., invasive species occurred and bryophyte ground cover was reduced near mines;
2) Integrating with global ecosystem shifts, e.g.,
the shifting from coniferous forests to deciduous forests could exacerbate mining effects on
bryophyte community structure; 3) Affecting associated microbial community composition, e.g.,some important functional microbial groups (e.g.,
Cyanobacteria) that provide nutrients to support
biodiversity in boreal forest were affected by mining. Therefore, offsite landscapes around mines365

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should receive more attention on biodiversity inecological assessment. Beyond the boreal forest,
it’s crucial to assess the effects in other eco-bi-

omes to understand and mitigate the impact ofhuman activities on global biodiversity.

S.080. HERBARIOMICS, AN INVALUABLERESOURCE FOR PLANT RESEARCH
P.0695 MAF Herbarium.
Collections for botanicalresearch: 19th and 20th
centuries

rest of the historical material (e.g., L. Née, H. Ruiz &J.A. Pavón, J.M. Pérez Lara, B. Lázaro Ibiza, M. Rivas
Mateos, P. Font Quer, S. Rivas Goday, J. Borja, J. Cuatrecasas) is integrated into the general herbarium.
Currently 30% of the total is digitalized.

Paloma Cantó1, David Cossío-Felipe1,
Jorge Romero-Morte1, José M. Pizarro1

P.0696 Oceanic island
herbariomics: diversity,
evolution and humanimpact on Trochetiopsis(Malvaceae) from SaintHelena1 Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University of Madrid,
Madrid, Spain.
The MAF Herbarium was founded in 1892. The origin was the Herbarium of the Linnean Society of
Madrid which was set up in the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Complutense University of Madrid. The
number of currently preserved specimens is near
223000, among which historical collections standout. In 1970 it became a member of the Index Herbariorum, in 1993 it participated in the creation of
the Ibero-Macaronésicos Herbarium Association
AHIM. In 2003 it joined the GBIF (Global Biodiversity
Information Facilities) database. Our general aim is
the digitization with images of the nomenclatural
types of the MAF Herbarium, in order to facilitate its
accessibility to researchers who need it. Previous
to this study, we presented, in tribute to Professor
Rivas-Martínez, the types of the species describedby him. Our current objective is the digitization of
the most relevant botanical types from the late 19th
century and first half of the 20th century. Firstly, athorough bibliographic search of the new species
described by the aforementioned authors has been
carried out, secondly, they have been located in
the MAF-general collection, then the images havebeen obtained with an EPSON Expression scanner.
12000 XL. Finally, distribution maps of the specimens
have been made by authors. The results obtained
will be uploaded to the MAF Herbarium website,
as well as to scientific platforms such as GBIF. Of
the total amount of specimens in MAF Herbarium,
just over 10000 make up the historical collectionsof Pourret and the Linnean Society of Madrid. The

Annabelle R. de Vries1,2,3, Mark Carine2,
Robin G. Allaby1
1 School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, United Kingdom. 2 Departmentof Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. 3 Tropical Botany, Naturalis
Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Oceanic islands have been, and continue to be,used for in-situ studies of evolution. They provide
striking examples of adaptive radiations, while at thesame time, their endemic diversity is globally endangered. This project aimed to better understandhow human impact has affected island biodiversity
patterns and questions how robust islands are asmodel system for studying evolution. St. Helena hashistorical records of human impact and a history of
botanical collection spanning the last three centuries. Additionally, it highlights classic examples of
evolutionary processes such as adaptive radiation.
Here we focused on the plant genus Trochetiopsis,
endemic to St. Helena, as example study of an island
plant lineage, which is currently endangered due topast anthropogenic pressure. Trochetiopsis consistsof three species, one globally extinct (T. melanoxylon), one extinct in the wild (T. erythroxylon) and one
recently re-discovered (T. ebenus). Trochetiopsis’
herbarium collections spanning 320 years, allow

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us to look closer at these extinction events. Ancient
DNA was obtained from 14 herbarium specimens of
the Trochetiopsis species using Novaseq. This data
was aligned to the de novo assembled genome
obtained for Trochetiopsis ebenus. PCA, Admixture,
and Treemix analyses based on genotype likelihood
showed that T. melanoxylon is more distinct from T.
ebenus and T. erythroxylon than the latter two species are from each other. Watterson’s estimator ofheterozygosity showed a loss of genetic diversity over time for the genus and for T. erythroxylon.
Throughout the analyses modern samples showed
different patterns compared to the herbarium material, suggesting the modern material is not representative of the historically diverse plant lineage.
This indicates the importance of herbaria to fill in thegaps of extinct lineages or lost diversity when studying evolution on oceanic islands that have beenheavily impacted by humans.

P.0697 DigiHerb: apilot project to digitise
specimens in a consortiumof small European herbaria

tents. The main output of the project will be this unified digital portal and data management system tofacilitate access to the herbarium collections within
the consortium. Small herbaria hold unique collections of great scientific and historical significancethat cannot be found anywhere else. This project willaddress the outlined issues for smaller herbaria bydemocratising funding and technical capacity, thus
making freely accessible these precious biologicalcollections and opening doors to new botanical andhistorical research.

P.0698 Overcoming liquid
nitrogen dependency:
development of anaffordable modified DNA
extraction protocol for driedplant specimens
Renerio P. Gentallan Jr.1, Kristine Joyce
O. Quiñones1,2, Emmanuel Bonifacio S.
Timog1,3, Juan Rodrigo A. Vera Cruz2,4,
Nadine B. Coronado5, Michael Cedric
B. Bartolome1, Daryl B. Ceribo1, Roselle
E. Madayag6, Jessabel B. Magtoltol6,
Teresita H. Borromeo1

Eva Dreyer1, Rainer W. Bussmann2,
Christina Campbell1, Lars Chatrou3, Colin
T. Kelleher1, Darren Reidy1, Wuu Kuang Soh1

1 Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture
and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 2 Department of Science and Technology, Science Education Institute,
Taguig, Manila, Philippines. 3 Department of Forest
Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural
Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
Laguna, Philippines. 4 Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva
Ecija, Philippines. 5 Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of thePhilippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. 6 Agricultural Systems Institute, College of Agriculture
and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, Laguna, Philippines.

1 National Botanic Gardens (OPW), Dublin, Ireland.
2 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe,
Karlsruhe, Germany. 3 Department of Biology,
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Digitised herbarium collections can be used to address important research questions on biodiversity
issues across diverse disciplines, benefiting both science and societal needs. However, the knowledge
on specimens is highly skewed towards large herbaria, which have resources to fully catalogue anddigitise their collections. Thus, a common challenge
is to mobilise biological data from smaller herbaria (less than ~1,000,000 specimens), which are often
limited in resources and capacity. The DigiHerb project aims to build innovation capacity in a small consortium of herbaria in North-West Europe (NWE) in
the areas of digitisation and biodiversity informatics.
Our approach is a pilot joint digitisation project between three herbaria in the Interreg NWE region: Dublin (DBN), Karlsruhe (SMNK) and Ghent (UGhent). The
project will utilise a novel high-throughput conveyor-belt digitisation technology to digitise specimens
and create a unified digital portal for the digital con-

The availability of liquid nitrogen poses a limitation for developing countries interested in
conducting herbariomics research. Hence, we
present a cost-effective method of CTAB DNA extraction from silica-dried samples and herbarium
specimens, eliminating the need for liquid nitrogen. Two protocols were evaluated to determine
the effectiveness of grinding dried plant samples
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lysis. Protocol 1 involved grinding fresh leaf samples with liquid nitrogen, while Protocol 2 entailed
incubating dried plant samples at -20°C for 1 hour
before grinding in the absence of liquid nitrogen.
Both protocols produced comparable DNA yields
suitable for short-read sequencing. Using Illumina sequencing, chloroplast genomes from fresh,silica-dried, and ten-year-old herbarium samples were successfully assembled and annotated. Moreover, the extracted DNA from silica-driedsamples using Protocol 2 produced a library sizethat met the quality requirement for PacBio HiFi
sequencing. The quality achieved was adequate
for the assembly of 15 complete chloroplast genomes. Thus, the developed liquid-nitrogen-freeprotocol from dried plant samples can serve as
an alternative DNA isolation method for barcoding and genome assembly. It is particularly advantageous for research workflows involving thecollection of samples in the field as a long-termsource of genetic material, and it offers a practical solution for resource-limited laboratories.

P.0699 Phylogenetic
analysis of Deschampsia(Poaceae) in the Southerncone of South America
through Angiosperm353
target sequencing
Pablo C. Guerrero
Palma1,2,3

generating taxonomic complexes within the genus. This work aims to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the species of the genus Deschampsia, focusing geographically on the southern coneof South America. This research was conductedusing historical herbarium samples from the Herbarium of the University of Concepción (Chile)and the National Herbarium of Paris (France). We
sequenced a total of 30 samples corresponding to 17 species. We used the Target Sequencing genomic technique and the “Angiosperm353”
probe set, which allow sequencing hundreds ofpreviously identified genes highlighted for their
phylogenetic informative value. We performed
Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction to infer theevolutionary relationships between the species.
Our results show a well-resolved consensus treewith high posterior values at the nodes. The species present in the Southern Cone of America do
not form a monophyletic group. The clade withthe highest number of southern cone species includes D. elegantula, D. setacea, D. patula, D. cordillerarum, D danthonioides, and D. pulchra. However, other species were positioned in different
clades. The genomic analysis tool used allowed
sequencing old samples, one of them over 100
years old. Additionally, it provided a robust treehighlighting that native species of the southerncone have different evolutionary and biogeographic histories.

P.0700 How to distinguish
Himalayan birches?

, Micaela Conejeros-

1,2,3

Norbert Holstein1, Narender Kumar2,
Hester van Schalkwyk1, Nian Wang3

1 Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
2 Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas
Antárticos y Subantárticos, Concepción, Chile. 3
Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Concepción, Chile.
The genus Deschampsia, characterized as a lineage of grasses common in areas subject tofreezing, constitutes a monophyletic group withcosmopolitan distribution. This genus thrives incold and temperate regions of both hemispheres.
It consists of at least 30 species, of which 15 arepresent in South America, with the southern Andes of Chile and Argentina considered a significant hotspot of diversity for the genus. The main
disagreements on the systematic delimitation of
Deschampsia are related to the high degree ofmorphological similarity, the overlap of diagnostic characters, and the high phenotypic variation,

1 Natural History Museum, London, UK. 2 CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology,
Palampur, India. 3 Shandong Agricultural University,
Tai’an, China.
Two species of Betula section Acuminatae (6species in total) are currently considered to occur in the Himalaya. Betula alnoides and B. cylindrostachya are hard to distinguish and are sometimes even considered to be subspecies. They
are supposedly differing in flowering time, number of female catkins, diameter of fruiting catkins
and mainly leaf characters. However, neither typematerial nor protologue of B. cylindrostachya offer any clue to flowering times, and leaf characters appear to be variable and overlapping with
B. alnoides. Also, catkins characters are found368

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to overlap. In addition, some Betula sect. Acuminatae populations in India, considered to be B.
cylindrostachya, have a shaggy bark. However,types of B. alnoides and B. cylindrostachya do notcontain bark data, and material from type localities have a smooth bark. The recent discovery of
the Chinese species Betula mcallisteri differingfrom B. luminifera (both also sect. Acuminatae)
only in ploidy and bark characters raises additional questions. Here, we use next-generation
sequences from material from types to field collections to try to unravel the taxonomic identity ofIndian birches.

P.0701 The relations ofcontemporary hops withwild populations andarchaeological hop finds in
Finlandin field for part of hop populations, and therefore our analyses has potential to reveal possible
domestication events and farmed hops derived
from wild populations. Genetic structure among
Finnish hop samples and their relationship withhops from neighboring areas may reveal migration routes to and within Finland, origins due tothe trade and exchange as well as potential lossof diversity in this species.

P.0702 Herbariomics andthe taxonomic status
of Alisma wahlenbergii(Alismataceae)
Samuli Lehtonen1, Zhi-Zhong Li2
1 University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2 Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan, China.

Sanna Huttunen1, Lidija Bitz2, Mia
Lempiäinen Avci1 Tanja Ratilainen1, 3
1 University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2 Natural Resources Institute, Jokioinen, Finland. 3 Archaeology
and Turku Museum Centre, Turku, Finland.
Almost any kind of ancient organic remains foundfrom archaeological excavations are potential
source for ancient DNA (aDNA). In this project wehave used hop seeds found from archaeologicalexcavation sites in Finland to study the relationsof contemporary hops with wild populations andarchaeological hop finds in Finland. We did DNA
extractions for archaeological hop finds fromeight excavation sites in Finland: four in Turku,
one from Kokkola, Porvoo, Kotka and Oulu. Hop remains from these localities were obtained fromcontexts dating back to 1200 – 1800 centuries.
Genotypes of archaeological specimens werecompared with already existing genetic data on
modern cultivars in extensive genetic databaseand DNA gene bank by the Natural Resources Institute, Finland, and with historical material deriving from natural history museum collections.
Historical samples included 347 hop samples
collected from wild and cultivated populations
from Finland and neighboring areas in Russia.
The hops were genotyped using 13 microsatellite markers and, in case of archaeological material, using next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Wild origin has already earlier been confirmed

Species delimitation in the aquatic plant genus
Alisma (Alismataceae) has historically been difficult due to morphological plasticity. In more recent molecular phylogenetic studies, poor sampling and limited genetic variation in the few
studied markers have hindered progress. One
peculiar taxon with questionable taxonomic status is Alisma wahlenbergii. It is considered a narrow endemic in the Baltic sea and nearby lakes
in Sweden and Russia, where it grows as a submerged plant in rather shallow water. However, it
is often treated as subspecies of A. gramineum,an amphibious species widely distributed in thenorthern hemisphere. Here, we have investigated
the systematics of this species group by applying
genome skimming sequencing for a set of specimens mostly originating from herbarium collections. We obtained complete plastid genomes,
nearly complete mitochondrial genomes, andover 8,000 bp long sequences containing 18S–26S
nuclear ribosomal DNA with the external transcribed spacer regions, from up to over 100 years
old herbarium specimens. Results of the phylogenetic analyses showed that Alisma wahlenbergii
is nested within A. gramineum and, furthermore,that A. wahlenbergii populations from the Gulf ofBothnia and Gulf of Finland did not group together. Hence, we conclude that there is no molecularsupport for recognising Alisma wahlenbergii at
any taxonomic rank.

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P.0703 Monitoring genetic
diversity loss using
herbarium samples

P.0704 From tradition
to innovation: exploring
diverse applications of BC
herbarium material

Melissa Viveiros Moniz1, Ana GarcíaMuñoz1, Andrea Mira-Jover2, Juan Lorite1,
Mohamed Abdelaziz1, A. Jesús Muñoz
Pajares1

Neus Nualart1, Laura Gavioli1,2, Alba Martín1,
Javier Martinez1, Edgard Mestre1, Iván
Pérez-Lorenzo1,2, David Pérez Prieto1, Jordi
López-Pujol1,3

1 University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 2 MiguelHernández University, Elche, Spain.
It is well known that climate change has had
far-reaching consequences on all living beings, altering ecosystems, habitats, and biodiversity worldwide. The disappearance of populations and particular alleles leads to the loss of genetic diversity andemphasizes the importance of monitoring genetic
diversity to protect overall biodiversity. Monitoring
genetic diversity over time also provides information about the extent to which populations or species may be threatened, leading to more effective
conservation actions. By analyzing the genetic diversity of herbarium samples, and comparing themto present-day samples, we can help determine if
the low genetic diversity observed in current populations is a result of natural variation or a decline indiversity over time. High mountain species are highly vulnerable to climate change, and Sierra Nevada in particular faces a significant risk of increased
climatic stress for key species, especially in thesummit areas, which house most communities andendemic species. Therefore, we have assessed theintra-individual genetic diversity using herbarium
samples from two Sideritis species located in Sierra Nevada. Sideritis hirsuta has a wide distribution
across the Iberian Peninsula while Sideritis glacilalisis endemic to high-altitude areas of the South andEast of the Iberian Peninsula. We found a significant
decrease in genetic diversity solely in S. glacialis samples, while S. hirsuta has maintained stablethroughout the years. This poses a unique threat toS. glacialis since, in addition to its limited distribution
throughout the Iberian Peninsula, we also detect it
at a greater altitudinal range than S. hirsuta. These
preliminary findings highlight the challenges thatisolated communities face when genetic diversity
is reduced, even in the short term. We also emphasize the importance of herbaria as genetic material
sources from past populations that can be compared to the present, to foresee the Anthropocene’s
impact on biodiversity.

1 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat deFarmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat deBarcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3 Escuela de Ciencias
Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.
The BC herbarium of the Barcelona Botanical Institute is the second most important botanicalcollection in number of specimens (800,000) in
Spain and represents a source of basic information to understand the plant biodiversity of thewestern Mediterranean basin. In addition to thegeneral vascular plant collection (continuously
growing), it includes 14 historical collections, different cryptogam collections (containing bryophytes, lichens, fungi and algae specimens) andother collections preserved separately due totheir nature (xylotheca, tissue bank, etc.) or origin (tropical plants, cultivated plants, etc.). All thismaterial is available to researchers through online portals, in-person visits or email queries andhas been widely used in different research fields
such as taxonomy, floristics, phylogeny, biogeography, evolution, conservation, ethnobotany, biological invasions and climate change (Pérez-Lorenzo, 2021). Over the last few years, the uses of
the BC herbarium material have been expanding to other non-conventional approaches notnecessarily related to botanical research. New
queries based on various topics such as chemistry, toxicology, history and archaeology, among
others, have been addressed, and even some art
performances have been produced through collaborations with artists who got inspired by different BC herbarium collections. In this contribution,
our objective is (1) to provide an overview of thematerials preserved within the BC herbarium and(2) to assess the multifaceted uses of these materials, encompassing both traditional applications and non-conventional innovative ones.

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P.0705 Whodunit? Hyb-Seq
with Angiosperms353 probe
set helps solve 200 year oldbotanical mystery

P.0706 Genetic variability of
Heracleum sosnowskyi andrelated species in context ofgiant hogweeds invasion

Leopoldo Medina Domingo1, Elena
Quesada Chicharro1, Mónica GarcíaGallo Pinto1, Lisa Pokorny1

Elena V. Ptytsyna1,2, Sergey V. Dudov2,
Margarita A. Ezhova1,5, Sofia R.
Prokopchuk1, Anton A. Gladilin3, Dmitry
V. Geltman4, Aleksey A. Penin1, Maria D.
Logacheva5

1 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
The historical collections of the Herbarium of Madrid’s Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC) include
a large number of specimens belonging to the
Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru
(1777–1788), headed by botanists Hipólito Ruiz andJosé Antonio Pavón. This expedition, of great importance for taxonomic and nomenclatural studies of South American plants, resulted in 3K specimens and 2.5K life-sized botanical illustrations,as well as many living plants. These collections
also include ~3 Kg of underground plant structures, likely engrossed stems, that rarely present remains of roots or leaves. These materials,
known colloquially at RJB as “chufas”, due to their
original identification as genus Cyperus, have remained unidentified for well over 200 years. Here,
we present a herbariomic approach to molecularly characterize historical collections. DNA wasextracted relying on a modified CTAB protocol
with extended incubation times to increase yieldfrom suboptimal tissue template. Following extraction, dual indexed genomic libraries wereprepared and pooled for hybridization with theAngiosperms353 probe set. The resulting enriched pool was then processed in a short-readhigh-throughput sequencing platform. Raw
reads were quality filtered and HybPiper wasused to assemble our 353 nuclear orthologs. We
then used phylogenetic placement algorithms toposition our mystery collection in a pre-existing
family-level angiosperm phylogeny. Then, we repeated this placement exercise in a genus-level phylogeny we generated just for the resulting
family from data publicly available in open access repositories. Additionally, we downloaded
ITS sequences from NCBI for closely related taxa.
The resulting data matrix was then used to both
assemble ITS from off-target reads for our historical collections and to more closely pinpoint theiridentity. Please, come see our poster if you wish
to know what we learned.

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1 Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission
Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, Russia. 2 Department of Ecology and Plant
Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Moscow, Russia. 3 Volunteer non-profit organization “StopHogweed”, Moscow, Russia. 4 Komarov
Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia. 5 Skolkovo Instituteof Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
Heracleum sosnowskyi and related species(H. mantegazzianum, H. persicum), collectively
called giant hogweeds, are invasive plants thatpose threat to human health and biodiversity.
The study of their genetic characteristics is important for understanding the phenomenon ofinvasiveness. Here we analyzed genetic diversity of H. sosnowskyi and related species from different territories within Russia and neighboring
countries. More than 160 herbaria (LE, MW, YALT)
samples ranging in the year of collection from1836 to 2022 as well as recent volunteer-collected
samples were taken for the analysis. They cover
all major regions within the primary (native) andsecondary (introduced) areas. Using low-coverage whole genome sequencing we analyzed thevariability of the plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal operon; for a smaller subset of plants,
we performed a deeper sequencing that allowed
to infer the variability on single copy genomic regions. The results show that: 1) neither rRNA, norplastid genome data allow to distinguish between H. sosnowskyi and 2 species: H. mantegazzianum, considered as separate species invasive
in western Europe, and H. pubescens, considered
as Crimean endemic; 2) the genetic diversity of
H. sosnowskyi does not show a decrease in thesecondary area; this is the result of multiple introductions; 3) patterns associated with the role offirst introduction centers (Komarov Botanical Institute and Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden) werevisible in the territorial distribution of groups; 4)
events of hybridization and/or introgression of

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plastids could be observed in the evolution of thegenus Heracleum.
Acknowledgments: Supported by RSF grant 2174-20145.

P.0708 Digital plant models:a tool for modernizing
herbaria
Ricardo Rivera-Martínez1, Karen V.
Trejo-Yudiche1, Andrea Salas-Sánchez1,
Mariana Salas-Sánchez1, Rebeca SalasSánchez1, Pablo Fornés-López1, José M.
Karam-Pacheco1, David Poot-Herrera1

P.0707 Speaking ofDiospyros… What do weknow about Diospyros in
Colombia?

1 Prepa Anáhuac Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.

Jorge E. Ríos-Cervera1, Magda EscobarAlba1
1 Universidad del Tolima, Colombia Universidad
Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia.
The Diospyros genus has simple, alternate leaves;blades with abaxial glands, unisexual axillary inflorescences and with a persistent calyx. The differences withthe other genus present in the neotropics (Lissocarpa)
are its globose fruits, and with a more expanded calyx, in addition to its flowers with shorter petals and agreater number of glands. This genus is cosmopolitan
in distribution, consisting of more than 500 species andwidely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of theworld, 100 species in America (Bakhuizen van den Brink,
1936–1955, White, 1980, White, 1993, White, 1993, Singh,2005) and 21 for Colombia (Bernal, R., Gradstein, S. R., &Celis, M. (2015). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá). It is a genus of nutritional
interest, its species are important components in forests between 0 and 1300 m. The collections of Diospyros
specimens in the country date back to 1800 by botanists such as Schlim L. or Triana J., with a peak in the 80s
and 90s deposited in the herbaria COAH, COL, JAUM,
UDBC, the 60% are identified at the species level and theremaining one has yet to be reviewed with two species
entered that are not reported by the Colombian Plant
Catalog. The mountain range that concentrates thegreatest wealth is the central one in the department of
Antioquia, although the greatest diversity is found in thedepartments with “Amazon influence” possibly linked tosampling intensity. The above denotes that it is a groupof plants of important contribution to the floristic diversity of the country, whose study is briefly explored andthe identity of the Colombian specimens requires verification, and curation, allowing to elucidate their patterns of richness and distribution and with understandits ecological and social importance.

Since the 17th century, herbaria have served as vital biological collections safeguarding botanical specimens
for study and preservation. These collections housecomplete specimens or their parts through a process
known as herborization, involving the dehydration ofplants to later mount and store them alongside specific origin data. However, it is important to note that thisprocess alters the plants’ natural physical appearance,
resulting in the loss of color, texture, dimensions, andeven distinctive features. In an effort to compensate
for this loss of information, photographs have been included to visually represent the specimens. Despite
these efforts, photographs fall short of capturing all
the necessary information to comprehensively portraythe plant. Recognizing this challenge, we propose theincorporation of three-dimensional digital models tocomplement herborization and photography. The significant advantage of using this technology lies in theability to interact with the 3D model, enabling actions
such as zooming, rotating, and more, providing a morecomprehensive experience in studying the specimen.
In this context, we developed digital models of two
endemic cacti from the Yucatán Peninsula: Pilosocereus gaumeri and Mammillaria gaumeri. The choiceof these species is rooted in the difficulty of herborizing cacti due to their physical characteristics, such as
succulence, globular or cylindrical shapes, and easily
breakable or detachable structures like spines or wool.
Both digital models were created using 3D design programs such as 3D Max and Blender, and they were
uploaded to the cloud via the CoSpaces platform. To
enhance accessibility and interactivity, we linked bothmodels to an object called the Merge Cube, serving as
a QR code that allows viewing and interaction with themodel from any smart device. Our future plans involve
creating more models and assembling a more comprehensive catalog.

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P.0709 Typification of
Malvastrum thurberi(Malvaceae): a stroll
through some confusion
in 20th- and 21st-century
history and nomenclatural
practiceand J.C. Schleicher. Additionally, 18th century specimens collected by J.F. Ehrhart, at least one from
Upsala, probably collected under the supervisionof Linnaeus, where found. The most diverse lichenfamilies were represented most with Parmeliaceae(38 specimens), Lecideaceae (29 specimens), Verrucariaceae (26 specimens), Pertusariaceae (24specimens), and Lecanoraceae (22 specimens).
Due to the new order and the improved storage
system in the lichen collection, the specimens are
now easier accessible than before. The identification of type or original material will hopefully attract
specialists to visit the collection for further studies.

Colin M. Robinson1, Roy E. Gereau1,
Charlotte M. Taylor1
1 Science & Conservation, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA.
The typification of Malvastrum thurberi A.Gray is finally resolved by the effective designation of a lectotype.
The status of its typification and its country of collection have been misinterpreted by authors for seven decades. We use this species to highlight the importanceof considering how the Code has and has not changed
over the years, and use it as an example to show why
the Code is an effective tool to clarify questions when
it is adhered to correctly. Additionally, we highlight thegood representation of specimens of North American
plants studied by Asa Gray in George Engelmann’s herbarium at MO, and note the importance of consideringhistorical events for detailing species distribution. Finally,
this case demonstrates why it is always important tocheck others’ work before taking it at face value.

P.0710 Lichen specimens of
the Goettingen Herbarium(GOET) revised
Bastian Steudel1*, Marc S. Appelhans2
1 Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
2 Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen,Germany. *bastian.steudel@xjtlu.edu.cn.
During the last two years, we revised the lichen
holdings of the Herbarium GOET enabling the index
fungorum (www.indexfungorum.org) to determine
the current name of the specimens and to identify
historically important specimens and original material. In total, about 1P.00 specimens have been revised and ordered according to their current determination. We identified more than 260 specimens
representing type or original material. Most of thetype material is from the 19th century, distributed by
F.C.G. Arnold, G. Wahlenberg, W. Borrer, L.E. Schaerer,

P.0711 A phylogenetic
exploration of Hibiscus
section Azanzae (Malvaceae)
using ancient DNA fromherbarium specimens
Fernando A. Vélez-Esperilla1, Koji
Takayama1
1 Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Hibiscus (Malvaceae, Malvoideae), a widely recognizedgenus among angiosperms, it is, however, a paraphyletic taxon that encompasses various nested genera.
Within Hibiscus, section Azanzae currently includes
species from three genera (Hibiscus, Talipariti, andPapuodendron). The species in Talipariti have been
segregated from Hibiscus, forming two subgroups: H.
tiliaceus group and the little-known malesian group.
Meanwhile, species remaining in genus Hibiscus havebeen overlooked over half a century, leaving their relationships within Hibiscus section Azanzae unclear.
Although the genus Papuodendron exhibits a different
morphology compared to the subfamily Malvoideae,
it has been related with the Hibiscus section Azanzae in broad phylogenetic studies. However, many ofthese species, particularly from Southeast Asia and
New Guinea, have never undergone molecular analysis, rendering the classification system outdated. Traditionally reliant on herbarium specimens, the recent
development of museomics approaches offers new
avenues for study beyond morphology. In this study, werevisit previous classifications based on morphological characters within this section, and present the firstcomprehensive phylogeny of Hibiscus section Azanza,
incorporating little-known species from Southeast Asia
and New Guinea. Using DNA extraction from ancientherbarium material, our results elucidate the complex

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relationships within this taxonomic group. We revealed
that some species previously classified under the genus Hibiscus were more closely related to different sections, while others grouped with genera Papuodendronand malesian Talipariti. This phylogenomic framework
not only sheds light on morphological and ecologicalevolution of section Azanzae species, but also provides
insights into the phylogeography of this section throughSoutheast Asia. Our findings underscore the imperativeneed for a taxonomical reassessment within this section, ensuring that tis classification remains reflective of
its evolutionary history.

P.0712 RedHAr (Argentine
Herbaria Network):working towards curatorial
management focused on
herbarium-based research
Alicia López Méndez1,4, Eliana de Lujan
Exner2,4, Agustina Yañez3,4
1 Herbario BAL, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Facultadde Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar
del Plata - EEA Balcarce, INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2 Herbario SF “Arturo E. Ragonese”, Facultad deCiencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral,
Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina. 3 Herbario BA, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4 Red de
Herbarios de Argentina
Argentine Herbaria Network (RedHAr as in Spanish)
was created in 2017 as an initiative of the Argentine
Botanical Society with the purpose of bringing to-gether people linked to herbaria to create a community to maintain and enhance collections throughsharing experiences. Currently, RedHAr is integrated
by 52 herbaria, located in 11 provinces, with a combination of affiliations (both public and private) andgoing to big herbariums with over 450,000 vouchers,
to small herbariums with less than 5,000. Over the last
few years, as RedHAr, we put our efforts into organizing workshops for small and emerging herbaria, database management, digitization, conservation, andregulations for the import/export procedures. We
have also organized conferences given by specialists
in topics related to the activities of herbaria, open to
all public. Our main goal in the near future is to makeall the argentine herbaria databases (from small tolarge ones) accessible to our colleagues and to thegeneral public in a simple way, through a sovereign
open access repository. We are working to reunite in
the same place the internal management of collections and the open access repository. Here we present the results of the first collections held in herbaria
survey carried out as a first step in the constructionof that repository. More than 1.5 million specimens areheld in 32 of the 52 RedHAr herbaria, among which,the predominant ones are vascular plants, stored as
dried and pressed specimens, in envelopes or in fixative liquids. Geographic representation of the flora is
in most cases regional (neighbor countries), national (Argentina) or local (provinces). The conservation
status of the collections and data digitization process
was generally self-defined as very good or good, but
in most cases such digital data or specimens’ images cannot be accessed remotely, reinforcing theneed of a national repository.

S.081. IAPT EARLY CAREER INVESTIGATORSYMPOSIUM: THE EDGE OF THE UNKNOWN IN
PLANT, ALGAE, AND FUNGAL SYSTEMATICS
P.0713 Exploring Chlorella
for biotechnologicalapplications in biofuels andfood supplements
Portia Alanyo1, Gabriel K. Ameka1

1 Department of Plant and Environmental Biology,
University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
The species of Chlorella are photosynthetic microalga
widely known for their biotechnological application andability to grow in different environmental conditions. The
growing population and increasing demand for energy
and alternative food sources to meet the growing demand called for the study of chlorella in large biomass
to analyse the protein, carbohydrate, and fat compo-

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sition of chlorella as an alternative source of food andenergy. This study aimed to grow on a large biomass
and examine the crude composition of chlorella cells,
emphasising the protein, carbohydrate, and fat content. From the study, chlorella was found to have ahigh carbohydrate content (68.475g) and 0.142 g of fat,which could be explored for the production of biodiesel. (2.972g) of protein, which could also be explored forsupplements and food. The findings of this study will bea steppingstone to exploring the biotechnological applications of chlorella in Ghana, as there is a rising needfor an alternative source of clean energy and food.

species richness decreases. Effective conservation oflichen richness should prioritize the maintenance ofexisting older, less-disturbed stands within large, contiguously forested areas.

P.0715 Cultivation of Pleurotus
pulmonarius utilizing
substrates derived from local
agricultural waste
Anukwuorji A. Chidozie1, Ebije Inikpi2,
Okigbo N. Raphael3, Ogbuozobe O
Gabriel4, Eze N Hope5, Ndubuisi C. Joel6

P.0714 Disturbance anddiversity: lichen species
richness decreases withincreasing anthropogenic
disturbance

1 Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. 2 Department of Botany, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. 3 Department of
Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
4 Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. 5 Department of Botany, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. 6 Department of
Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College ofAgriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Laura Boggess1, James Lendemer2
1 Mars Hill University and City University of New
York, New York, USA. 2 New York State Museum,
New York, USA.
Anthropogenic disturbance is rapidly increasing
through habitat degradation, development, and deforestation. Gaps remain in understanding the effectsof this disturbance on diverse and ecologically important organisms such as lichens. In North America, studies have focused on epiphytic macrolichens and catastrophic disturbance, largely ignoring microlichensand less-severe disturbances. Here we examine theeffects of anthropogenic disturbance on overall lichen
richness, including microlichens, and species richnessof eight lichen functional groups (scored based on
growth form, type of photosynthesizing partner, reproductive mode, substrate, lobe width, lobe size, chemical
protection, and structures for physical protection). The
study draws on a comprehensive data set of 872 species, in 208 one-hectare plots throughout the Southern
Appalachian Mountains, a global biodiversity hotspot
in eastern North America. A habitat disturbance index
based on an established forestry metric was used
as a proxy for anthropogenic disturbance. The index
was quantified using a 10-part score including categories such as percent native tree canopy cover anddegree of fragmentation. Linear models were used tocompare habitat disturbance scores to overall species richness and to richness of functional groups. Results show that instead of following the Intermediate
Disturbance Hypothesis, all groups uniformly follow anegative linear relationship: as disturbance increases,

The study was carried out to determine the most suitable substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Three substrates were used for this study: palm
fruit waste, maize cobs and yam peels. The three substrates were packaged in heat resistant polythenebags and pasteurized for four hours at 100 °C. The substrates were inoculated with mycelia under aseptic
conditions. The spawn of Pleurotus pulmonarius wasused to inoculate each bag of substrate. The substrates were incubated in darkness and covered withnewspapers to keep carbon dioxide concentrationhigh (15 - 20 %) in the room to promote mycelia running. Small incisions were made on the bags to givea cold shock to initiate fruiting. The result of the study
showed that palm fruit waste produced the highest
fresh weight of mushrooms (147.67 ± 24.583 g) whilemaize cobs produced the lowest fresh weight (119.01 ±23.065 g). Maize cobs produced the highest dry weightof mushrooms (106.67 ± 4.041 g) while palm fruit gavethe lowest dry weight (93.67 ± 2.082 g). Furthermore,
palm fruit waste gave the highest biological efficiency of 91.60 ± 13.022 % while yam peels gave the lowest biological efficiency of 82.13 ± 35.072 %. The effectsof the various substrates were discussed in relation
to the dry weight and the biological efficiency of thecultivated mushroom. The impacts of the substrates
especially palm kernel waste in the growth and yieldof the cultivated mushroom recommends their use as
suitable in the cultivation of mushroom.

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P.0716 Building a deeplearning classifier for >200 species of freshwater
phytoplankton perspectives for taxonomy
and biomonitoring

Our ultimate goal is to develop a robust deep learning classifier that can accurately identify phytoplankton species from images, regardless of their naturalenvironment, laboratory culture conditions, or image
acquisition. We believe this will significantly contributeto the advancement of phytoplankton taxonomy andbiomonitoring in freshwater ecosystems.

P.0717 Proximate analysis
of Chlorella species insynthetic municipal
wastewater (SMWW).

Ladislav Hodač1, Susanne Dunker2,3,
Edwin Carreño4, Lara Kösters1, Marie
Jamroszczyk5, Maike Lorenz6, Patrick
Mäder3,4,7, Jana Wäldchen1,3
1 Department of Biochemical Integration, Max
Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany. 2 Department Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ,
Leipzig, Germany. 3 German Centre for Integrative
Biodiversity Research – iDiv (Halle-Jena-Leipzig),
Leipzig, Germany. 4 Data-intensive Systems andVisualization Group, Technical University Ilmenau,
Ilmenau, Germany. 5 Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain. 6 Experimental Phycology and SAG Culture Collection of
Algae, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
7 Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Identifying microscopic phytoplankton species is essential for monitoring freshwater ecosystems, butbuilding a reliable deep learning classifier to automatically identify microscopic algae remains a challenge.
Two major hurdles are the lack of a comprehensive
image database (for training and testing) and the difficulty of assessing morphological variation within species. To address these challenges, we are conducting
experiments using both monoclonal strains and phytoplankton samples. We are working towards a deeplearning classifier that can identify over 200 freshwater phytoplankton species, representing all major algal
groups. We are also exploring how deep learning cancapture variation within species cultured as monoclonal strains and imaged using light microscopy andhigh-throughput imaging flow cytometry. We are also
investigating the relative merits of both imaging techniques for real-world applications of our deep learningclassifier. Focusing on monoclonal strains allows us tocompare the effectiveness of genetic barcodes andimages for identifying different species. While for somespecies genetic barcodes may provide more accurate automated identification than images, the opposite is true for other species. Therefore, we are also
fusing both genetic barcodes and images for moreaccurate classification with deep learning models.

Lartey Olivia Naadu1, Ameka Gabriel
Komla1
1 Department of Plant and Environmental Biology,
University of Ghana, Legon - Accra, Ghana.
In recent years, microalgae, particularly the genus
Chlorella sp., have garnered increasing attention
for their diverse applications in nutrition, biofuel
production, and environmental remediation. This
study investigated the growth of Chlorella sp. ina synthetic medium waste water (SMWW) under controlled conditions, with a focus on understanding the nutritional composition, pigments,
and growth dynamics. The research revealed asignificant increase in optical density, indicating active growth, with replicate A exhibiting thehighest growth rate. Chlorophyll analysis demonstrated substantial accumulation, suggestingenhanced photosynthetic activity. Notably, there
was a decrease in total chlorophyll concentration, indicative of pigment adaptation. Carotenoids increased significantly, potentially as an
adaptive response to changing environmental
conditions. Proximate analysis of Chlorella sp. in
SMWW indicated low crude fat content, making it
a promising option for low-fat dietary considerations. The high fiber content suggested potential benefits for human and animal nutrition, while
the ash content provided insights into the mineral composition. The protein and carbohydratecontent positioned Chlorella sp. as a valuable
source for food and feed applications, with implications for bioethanol production. These findings
underscored Chlorella’s versatility and potential
for sustainable solutions in nutrition, bioenergy,
and environmental management.

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P.0718 Exploring the
Evolution of Saprolegniales:
were ancestral Oomycetes
Plant Parasites?

1 School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. 2 Department of Botany,
Achhruram Memorial College, Purulia, India.

Paula Ortega López1,*, Jose Vladimir
Sandoval-Sierra2, Javier DieguezUribeondo1
1 Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Madrid, Spain, *portega@rjb.csic.es. 2 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá,
Colombia.
Saprolegniales (Oomycetes) are a group of oomycetes that comprises plant and animal parasites
and also saprotrophs. Due to their devastating effects on agriculture and wildlife, there have been
numerous studies on plant parasitic oomycetes,
including Saprolegniales. However, little is known
regarding how lifestyles have evolved in this group.
To study patterns and rates of the evolution and diversification of the saprotrophic and parasitic lifestyles, we have performed comparative phylogenetic methods (Bayesian inference and Maximum
likelihood) on a large nuclear internal transcribedspacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA sequence databasegenerated by our group. The results indicated thatin the Saprolegniales there is a strong phylogenetic
signal for the trait lifestyle indicating that ancestral
oomycetes were parasites, most likely plant parasites while the saprotrophic lifestyle seems to be aderived character. In addition, the acquisition of thesaprotrophic lifestyle appears to be first adopted byancestral Saprolegniales. However, plant parasitism
in the Saprolegniales seems to be a recent innovation acquired during events of diversification of thegenus Aphanomyces. The mechanisms leading thistransition to a parasitic lifestyle are unknown but
appear to be different from those that occur in theirclose relatives, i.e., the Peronosporales.

P.0719 Almyronema
epifaneia gen. nov., sp. nov.
(Nodosilineaceae) isolated
from an Indian mangrove
forestArup R. Roy1, Sandeep Chakraborty2,
Joydeep Mukherjee1

Three simple thin thread-like filamentous three
cyanobacteria were isolated from the intertidal
soil of the lower Gangetic plain of the Indian mangrove forest, the Sundarbans. The three cyanobacterial strains formed a new cluster within thephylogenetic tree developed on the 16S rRNA genesequence which was distinctive from the clade of
the reference strain belonging to the Euryhalinema genus. Moreover, the sequence similarity of
the 16S rRNA gene showed less than 94.4% similarity with the reference strain which confirmed thetest strains to form a separate genus. The folded
secondary structure of Box-B, D1-D1’ and V3 helices of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region
was unique in comparison to the reference genus
as well as other members of the Nodosilineaceae family. P-distance analysis of the ITS region of
the test strains showed 22% dissimilarity with thereference genus Euryhalinema which exceeded
the cut-off (3%), strongly supporting the claim ofa novel species. Differential morphological and ultrastructural characteristics such as the presenceof various cellular inclusions (prominent large
cyanophycean granule, glycogen α granules, lipid β granules and mucilaginous sheath), conical-shaped apical cell as well as cell width were
supportive of the designation of novel species.
Therefore, based on morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular analysis we proposed that S1, S6
and S10 cyanobacterial strains be affiliated as a
new monophyletic genus Almyronema epifaneia
gen. nov., sp. nov. under the newly established Nodosilineaceae family.

P.0720 Promoting diatom
studies throughout theworld and facilitating theexchange of information
about diatoms.
Young ISDR1
1 International Society of Diatom Research.
The idea for “Young diatomists/Young ISDR” wascreated at the European Geosciences Union general assembly in Vienna in 2015 as a possibility ofbringing the energy of early-career researchers
and technicians dealing with diatom research into

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the council of the International Society of Diatom
Research (ISDR). The aim was to create a platform
for early career scientists and technicians in orderto facilitate networking for them. In relation with
this, the Young ISDR team core prepare presen-tial and online activities for everyone and also it´sso active creating post in social media. With thisposter we want to promote our community andmake diatom research and its importance visible.

S.082. IAWA SYMPOSIUM THE CONTRIBUTION
OF WOOD IN FOREST: FROM WOOD
DYNAMICS TO TRAIT DIVERSITY AND CARBON
GAINS
P.0721 Bronze age
waterlogged wooden canoefrom Sarno plain (Longola– Poggiomarino; Southern
Italy): Insights fromanatomical character
Angela Balzano1*, Maks Merela1, Alessia
D’auria3, Valeria Amoretti2, Antonino
Russo2, Paola Sabbatucci2, Stefano
Mazzoleni3,4
1 Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana,
Slovenia. 2 Parco Archeologico di Pompei, Pompei, Italy. 3 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universityof Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy. 4 Centro Museale –Musei delle Scienze Agrarie MUSA, Portici, Italy.
The excavation site of Longola (in the Sarno plain, about
10 km north-east of Pompeii), discovered in 2000, reveals a perifluvial village from the 2nd millennium BC.
The Archaeological Park of Pompeii, MUSA Center, andthe University of Naples Federico II are leading the valorisation and conservation of a Bronze Age wooden
canoe from Longola. The 7 metre-long canoe (originally 13 metres) with a flat bottom, made from a single
oak trunk, is considered one of the longest and oldest
in the Mediterranean and was used for navigation on
the River Sarno. The University of Ljubljana’s Department
of Wood Science and Technology conducted a complete anatomical characterization on small (1 cm3),
pre-restoration wood samples. Three wood samples
were analysed, including SEM, optical microscopy and
X-ray spectroscopy. A post-restoration sample with
Kauramin® treatment assessed anatomical differenc-

es. The wood, which was identified as European whiteoak (most likely Quercus pubescens), showed characteristic features such as porous ring structure, multiseriate trunks and vessel lumens containing tyloses. The
cellular degradation was characterised by thinning of
the cell walls, granular secondary cell walls and theexclusive preservation of lignin. SEM revealed detailed
structures such as pits and degraded cell walls, while
X-ray spectroscopy identified significant Fe, S and Ca
on the surfaces of the inclusions, indicating the possible onset of fossilisation processes. After Kauramin®
treatment, the wood samples showed colour changes(lightening) and increased degradation of the cell wall
structure, possibly due to the long period of time thatelapsed between the deposition of the artefact and theconservation measures. This emphasises the crucialrole of rapid and careful conservation strategies in preserving our cultural heritage.

P.0722 Secondary sexual
dimorphism in woodand leaf anatomy ofMediterranean dioecious
species may be responsible
for gender-specific stressresponse

378

Angela Balzano1, Chiara Amitrano2, Maks
Merela1, Riccardo Motti2, Veronica De Micco2
1 Department of Wood Science and Technology,
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 2 Department of Agricultural Sciences,
University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Napoli), Italy.

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Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3.Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Niterói, Brazil.

Secondary sexual dimorphism has evolved in response
to many constraints, including those related to energy
requirements. Plants with different morpho-anatomical traits can perceive and respond to stress factors
differently. The stress-response in dioecious plants
is an even more complex interplay of factors with
sex-specific differences that can influence stress tolerance mechanisms. In Mediterranean ecosystems,
the challenges to stress tolerance in dioecious species are exacerbated by changes in temperature andprecipitation patterns and by the increase in extreme
weather events due to climate change. Studying thewood anatomy of male and female plants in dioecious plants can reveal different sex-specific responses to these stress factors, which can reveal different
vulnerability in male and female plants. Differences inthe size, density, arrangement of vessels and composition of the secondary xylem may indicate sex-specific adaptations to environmental stress. The aim of
this study was to investigate whether male and female
plants of the Mediterranean shrubs Pistacia lentiscus
L. and Rhamnus alaternus L. exhibit secondary sexual
dimorphism in wood and leaf anatomy that would indicate different water use and gas exchange control.
Therefore, we analysed the wood and leaf anatomy ofmale and female individuals of the two species growing in a Mediterranean site in southern Italy. Microscopy and subsequent image analysis allowed the quantification of functional anatomical traits related to thecontrol of water efficiency/safety against embolism
and photosynthetic efficiency. Parameters measured
included stem vascular size and distribution, reaction
wood formation, stomata characteristics, leaf tissue
thickness and mesophyll density. The results indicated a sex-specific coordination of anatomical features
leading to either efficiency or safety of water flow aswell as different control of gas exchange. This understanding is crucial to better protect the diversity andresilience of these plant populations when confronted
with the multiple impacts of climate change.

The São Bento Monastery in Rio de Janeiro, establishedin the 16th century, is renowned for housing numerous wooden artifacts found in both the cloister andthe Church of Our Lady of Monserrate, serving various
purposes: structures, coverings, furniture, and sacredimages. Wood anatomy plays a crucial role in identifying the woods used and discerning preferences associated with specific historical periods or artists. This
study aimed to identify wood samples from artifactsof the São Bento Monastery through macroscopic
anatomical analysis and comparison with the wood
samples of RBw. A total of 144 samples were collectedor analyzed on-site, resulting in the identification of 142
samples belonging to 17 genera across nine families.
Remarkably, all analyzed samples were sourced from
Brazilian native trees, except one identified as Quercus sp. At least three pieces were produced overseas
in Portugal and Italy, and even they were made using Brazilian woods, showcasing the relevance of theBrazilian wood trade since the 16th century. Cedrela
sp. emerged as the most frequently used wood. The
most common woods for each category were Dalbergia nigra (Brazilian rosewood) for furniture, Cedrela sp. (cedar) for coverings, and Cedrela sp. (cedar)and Cordia sp. (freijo) for sacred images. The use of
Cordia in sacred art is not common in Brazil. The study
identified four sculptors frequently cited in the monastery’s records: Frei Domingos da Conceição, whoworked for the Benedictine monks between 1669-1718
and favored Dalbergia nigra; José da Conceição andSimão da Cunha (1734-1774), who preferred Cordia
sp.; and Inácio Ferreira Pinto (1787-1794), who showeda preference for Cedrela sp. In conclusion, this study
not only provides valuable insights into the materials
and preferences of artists but also contributes to ourunderstanding of the native trees’ uses over the centuries and its cultural context of woodworking in Brazil.

P.0723 Wood identificationfrom the historical heritageof São Bento Monastery in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

P.0724 Differences in fire
regime impacts radial
growth and recruitment offire-resistant species

Thais Síston1, Mauro M. Fragoso2, Arno F. N.
Brandes3, Caudia F. Barros1

Rafael P. Albuquerque1, Arno F. N.
Brandes2, Leonardo B. Nascimento1,
Jerônimo B. B. Sansevero3, Andrea
Sánchez-Tapia1, Louise Klein Madureira1,
Cláudia F. Barros1

1 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Mosteiro de São
Bento/Faculdade de São Bento do Rio de Janeiro,

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1 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Niterói, Brazil. 3 Universidade
Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento
de Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Florestas, Seropédica, Brazil.
Fire-resistant trees play a significant role in the regeneration of fire-prone secondary formations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. These trees possess characteristics such as thick bark, high wood density, resprouting
ability, and efficient seed dispersal, which enable themto withstand wildfires and establish themselves in unfavorable environments. However, alterations in fire
regimes can have an impact on the growth of thesetrees and interfere in the ecological processes of forest regeneration. In this study, we used tree-ring analysis to compare the radial growth and age structureof a fire-resistant species under different fire regimes.
We collected samples from 90 trees of Moquiniastrum
polymorphum in two areas: one that experienced
a single fire event and another that was subjected
to wildfires in four different years. Trees subjected tomultiples fires exhibited reduced radial growth compared to those in areas with a single fire event. It wasobserved a higher number of young individuals in the
single burn area compared to the multiple burn area,
highlighting negative effects of multiple burning intrees recruitment. The recruitment of new trees did notpresent clear pattern, suggesting that the propagules
are able to germinate in the pastures. Despite functional traits that allows M. polymorphum trees to overcome wildfires, multiple burning reduce trees growthand jeopardize forest regeneration. Therefore, it is
crucial to continue advocating for wildfire prevention
measures within protected areas to enhance the effectiveness of passive restoration in the Atlantic Forest.

P.0725 Vascular cambium
anatomy: a starting point
for studies of the seasonalityof radial growth and wood
production

The speed of plant responses to the environment canvary significantly. Some of these responses can be recorded in the plant’s body, and tree species, due totheir longevity, have been the most indicated for understanding how forests have developed and how
they will respond to future environmental changes.
This is because tree species have cambial cells that,
directly or indirectly influenced by the environment,
integrate various signals into the produced structure. Thus, vascular cambium activity is crucial forthe quantity and quality of wood produced, and understanding it is essential for elucidating aspects ofanatomy and the periodicity of growth rings. However,unlike the anatomical study of wood, where there areadjusted processing protocols and manuals with parameters that must be analyzed and quantified, anatomical studies of vascular cambium often restrictto evaluating the number of cells in the cambial zone.
Difficulties in collecting and processing samples arealso on scientific agendas. Some of these difficulties
are attributed to the heterogeneous resistance of tissues in the sampling zone. The cambium consists oflayers of cells with small radial dimensions and no intercellular spaces. Because they are constantly dividing and differentiating, cambial cells are fragile, andtheir handling in the field and laboratory is challenging. The analysis of histological sections also deserves
scientific standardization, regarding which anatomical aspects should be considered and which parameters show the greatest response to environmental
fluctuations. This study aims to be a starting point for
cambium analyses to be replicable and comparable.
Here, we compile the main analysis protocols fromcollection to fixation and histological sectioning of thecambium. Additionally, we highlight the main measurable characteristics of this tissue that may provide
clues to the records that can be retrieved in the xylem.

P.0726 Characterisationof the wood of Cordia
L. species that occur incontrasting environments
Andrieli L. da Silva1, Aline R. de Almeida1,
André L. Carvalho1, Carmen R. Marcati1

Thaís J. Vasconcellos , Monique S. Costa ,Cátia H. Callado1
1

2

1 Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil.

1 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil, andrieli.lima14@gmail.com
The genus Cordia L. has around 350 species distributed from humid to dry forests. In dry regions, the species have morphological and physiological attributes
that suggest adjustments to cope with recurrent peri-380

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ods of drought, such as the presence of narrower xylem vessels. Drought events have become more frequent and are associated with the mortality of large
populations of trees. Thus, the anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem of plants that occur
in different locations may contain information about
the trees’ adaptations to the climate. In this study, wecharacterized the wood anatomy of Cordia species inenvironments with different water availability. We usedsamples of Cordia wood collected in the Caatinga, aSeasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Brazil. C. oncocalyx(Allemão) Baill., native to the northeast of Brazil, occurs
in the “Depressão Sertaneja”, where the average rainfall is 817.7 mm/year (rains occur in 3 months of theyear), and the average temperature varies between
26 °C and 28 °C. Meanwhile, C. bicolor A. DC. occurs inhumid forests, but in the Caatinga it is found in milder environments, such as “altitude swamps”. In thisplace the average rainfall is 1.483,5 mm/year (rains
occur in 5 months of the year), and the average temperature varies between 24°C and 26°C. Both species
have semi-porous rings, but the transition from wider to narrower vessels in C. oncocalyx is abrupt. This
species, which occurs in semi-arid areas, has characteristics associated with drought resistance, such as
narrow vessels and connective parenchyma between
the vessels. C. bicolor, on the other hand, which occurs
in humid environments, has wider and more widely
spaced vessels, as well as a wide radius and procumbent cells, which help to translocate solutes between
the xylem and phloem. Studies like this contribute tounderstanding the anatomical adaptations of the xylem to drought events.

P.0727 Foss-AI, an
exploratory project using
deep learning to extract
paleobiological andpaleoenvironmental datafrom fossil woods

their study is time consuming and relies on a small number of experts worldwide, meaning that the paleobiological and paleoenvironmental information recorded
in fossil woods remains largely unexploited. The exploratory project Foss-AI aims to automate the extractionof relevant qualitative (e.g., cell types) and quantitative(e.g., cell size) data from fossil wood sections using deeplearning, the part of artificial intelligence that replicates
the way humans gain certain types of knowledge. Recent studies have already demonstrated the feasibilityof this approach on photos of histological thin-sectionsof extant plants, but fossil woods pose a few additional
challenges due to their variable preservation and to theway they are prepared. In the first stage of the project,
we are concentrating on the analysis of transverse sections of Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian woodsfrom key localities. High-resolution images of slides acquired with a digital microscope are labelled by humanexperts and used to train the AI. Results of the AI based
analysis of new images will then ben compared toanalysis by the human experts to assess the validity of
the results on different types of fossil wood material. The
long-term goal of this project is to develop tools that
can help and promote the work of fossil wood experts
by facilitating large-scale analyses, with significant implications for our understanding of past plant communities and their dynamics.

P.0728 Unveiling thewood anatomy of theoverlooked agarwood
Aetoxylon sympetalum(Thymelaeaceae)
Sarah D. Wilson1, Peter Gasson1, Teresa
Terrazas2
1 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
Richmond, United Kingdom. 2 Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.

Anne-Laure Decombeix1
1 CNRS-UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France.
Fossil wood is one of the most common types of plantfossils and often preserves fine features of the tissue(e.g., growth-ring boundaries) and of the individual cells
themselves (wall thickness, ornamentation, etc.). Fossil
wood provides information on the systematic affinities
of extinct plants but also on their physiology and on theenvironmental conditions in which they grew. However,Agarwood is one of the most valuable non-timber forest products due to its gratifying aroma.
This has led to overexploitation of agarwood produced by species from Thymelaeaceae such as
Aquilaria spp., Gyrinops spp., Gonystylus spp. anda mostly unnoticed species, Aetoxylon sympetalum. Although a candidate, A. sympetalumhas
not been included in CITES, in contrast with other agarwood. This could be due to the difficultyin identifying this species owing to a lack of information regarding its wood anatomy. The aim

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Poster presentationsof this study is to elucidate the wood anatomyof A. sympetalum and there by determine thefeatures that distinguish this species from other agarwood species. Three wood samples of A.
sympetalum were examined and sectioned. The
resulting slides were then compared with the reference sample in the slide collection of the Jodrell Laboratory in the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew. More samples were prepared for observation under scanning electron microscopy. The
anatomical features were described according
to the standard IAWA terminology. A. sympetalum is a diffuse-porous wood, with alternate andminute intervessel pits, vestured pits, very thick-walled fibres; mostly uniseriate rays and prismatic crystals within ray cells. The absence of diffusely arranged islands of phloem differentiates
A. sympetalum from Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops
spp. The only noticeable difference with Gonystylus spp. is the thickness of the fibres which resultsin very high-density wood. The wood anatomy
described agrees with Mandang & Wiyono (2002)
but varies greatly from Tian et al. (2021) which isarguably a misidentification. This study is a reference point for identifying A. sympetalum which isparamount to its potential conservation and thus
encourages its inclusion within CITES.

S.083. INTEGRATING CONSERVATIONBIOLOGY AND SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT TOENHANCE PROTECTION OF AT RISK FLORA
P.0729 Biodiversity of
aeroterrestrial algae on
selected ancient megalithic
complexes in Bulgaria(South-Eastern Europe)
Miroslav I. Androv1, Kristian R. Ivanov1,
Blagoy A. Uzunov1, Georg Gärtner2, Maya
P. Stoyneva-Gärtner1
1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, Bulgaria. 2
Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
The peculiar ecological group of the aeroterrestrial algae comprises heterogeneous species
inhabiting various substrates (rocks, tree barks,soil, etc.), which differ in chemical composition,
humidity, temperature and illumination. This unusual group of algae contributes to the formationand enrichment of the soil by playing a part in theprocess of rock weathering and erosion. Although
their key role in such crucial for the development
and well-being of mankind events is acknowledged, aeroterrestrial algae are oftentimes overlooked and remain unexplored or poorly studied
due to the need of cultivation for their correct
identification. Considered a “white spot” for thebiodiversity of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula as a whole, the general data on this peculiar
ecological algal group remain scarce and incomplete. The presented studies serve as a natural continuation of previous research done on
the topic and are aimed at achieving a betterknowledge on the biodiversity of algae that colonize and thrive in such diverse and often times
inhospitable for other plant life habitats. Samples
were taken during the summer of 2022 and 2023
from 16 ancient megalithic complexes located in
Haskovo province (Bulgaria), considered to be
the richest in such monuments. These man-madestructures are completely exposed to the various
environmental factors all year round, allowing theformation of various “pocketed” microhabitats,which might be housing unique and undescribed
species. The collected material was cultivated in
the laboratory environment under artificial conditions, until visible growth was present. So far,
31 species were identified: Cyanoprokaryota (8),Chlorophyta (15), Streptophyta (5) and Ochrophyta (4). The isolated species were deposited
as monocultures in the Living algal collection of
Sofia University (ACUS).
Acknowledgements: This study is financed by theEuropean Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republicof Bulgaria, Project No BG-RRP-2.004-0008”.

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P.0730 A biotope in a
museum: positive feedback
between conservation andscientific outreachP.0731 Biodiversity
conservation assessment toprotect two micro-endemic
oaks from western Mexico:
Quercus cualensis and Q.
tuitensis

Lisa Angelini*1, Helen C. Wiesinger1, Chiara
Steffanini1, Jessica Zanotti1, Alessandro
Cavagna1

Maribel Arenas-Navarro1,2, Jhenifer
Reyes-Galvez2, Javier Piña-Torres3,
Andrés Torres-Miranda2

1 MUSE - Museum of Science, Trento, Italy.
Trento is a small city and capital of the Autonomous Province of the same name, located southeast of the Alps. The new science museum wasbuilt in 2013 and the biotope in 2022. The main
wetland habitats of the Alpine valley floors in theregion have been recreated here. It covers 2,000
square meters and includes a 2m high body ofwater (at its deepest point). The biotope represents a small oasis of biodiversity in the city
center and is ecologically connected to othernearby wetlands. It is home to 76 typical wetland botanical species, half of the marsh species
recorded in the Province. In all, there are morethan 4,000 specimens. Of these as many as 53
accessions come from native genetic material,
often from declining sites. The importance of the
project, from a conservation point of view, lies in
its status as a reservoir of biodiversity for aquatic
ecosystems. In fact, 31 species are listed on thelocal red list, of which 26 are in the first three degrees of threat (VU, EN, CR) and 2 are regionally extinct. The communicative objective, on theother hand, is to bring society closer to an understanding of the importance of residual ecosystems such as wetlands, which were once considered useless and often cleared to make way
for agriculture in particular. Of great interest is
the complementarity of research activities, which
also include the monitoring of invertebrate fauna,with educational activities and the social component. The activation of one element has so far led
to the increase of others in a positive feedback
system. The biotope was created in collaboration
with the Employment Support and Environmental
Enhancement Service of the Autonomous Province of Trento and can be freely visited every day.

1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
2 Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad
Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Michoacán, Mexico. 3 Red de Biología Evolutiva,
Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico.
Oaks are recognized as a key species and playvital ecological roles across several ecosystems.
In Mexico, oaks mainly inhabit temperate forests,
although they can also be found in scrublands,
dry forests, and humid tropical mountain forests.
In western ranges from Mexico (Jalisco), at least
30 oak species have been recorded, considereda high richness and endemism center for redoaks (Lobatae section). Quercus cualensis andQ. tuitensis are two micro-endemic species inthis region. The 2020 IUCN evaluation classified
Q. cualensis as endangered and Q. tuitensis asvulnerable. However, neither species is protected under Mexico’s standard norms, leaving themvulnerable to threats like deforestation, land usechange, and climate change. The main objective of this study was to carry out a risk assessment method through the robust analysis of its
current distribution (ecological niche modeling)
and their projection to different climate change
scenarios (optimistic and pessimistic), along withintrinsic and anthropogenic threats. This analysis
will facilitate its inclusion in the Mexican standard
norms. As a result, the risk method analysis determined that both species are in danger of extinction due to the reduced habitat and recent
anthropogenic pressures such as the reactivation of an old gold mine and the illegal extractionof pine wood in the forests. These two species
have very small distribution areas (between 125- 154 km2), and with the climate change models, they reduced their environmental suitability
by 100 % in pessimistic scenarios, even thoughthese species inhabit different environments butwith very narrow tolerance ranges. As a first step383

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into conservation actions, we established educational strategies in the local schools with kids andadults about the importance of endemic species
in the region, the importance of preserving species with local knowledge, and a legal frameworkto achieve their long-term protection.

P.0732 Evaluation andmonitoring of populations of
Huperzia selago in the Ayllón
mountain range, Spain
Cristina Benavente-Mena1, Sara GarcíaMatesanz1, Joaquín Castelo-Schremmer2,
Enrique Valencia-Gómez1, José Mª
Postigo-Mijarra1, Felipe Martínez-García3.

populations, indicating differences among different plots based on their conservation status.
The presence and conservation status of these
populations of Huperzia selago suggest that protective measures need to be implemented in the
study area as soon as possible, given that current
land uses may be detrimental to the species.

P.0733 Monumental trees:a research project of theMonumental Trees Working
Group of Italian BotanicalSociety
Giuseppe Brundu1, Ignazio Camarda1,
Michele Lonati1, Bernabè Moya1, Antonio
Morabito1, Gianluca Piovesan1, Giovanna
Pezzi1, Francesco Tarantino1

1 Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Segovia, Spain. 3 Polytechnic University of Madrid,
Madrid, Spain.
Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh is a boreoalpine lycophyte whose southern distribution limit in the
Iberian Peninsula is found in the Central Range.
Its presence in these mountain ranges is very
scarce, with only two relictual populations in the
study area, the Sierra de Ayllón. It is protectedunder various regional conservation figures, although it lacks national protection status. For instance, it is classified as a taxon of preferential
attention in Castilla y León, rare in the BasqueCountry and vulnerable in Castilla-La Mancha.
The objective of this study has been to assess
the viability and conservation status of Huperzia
selago populations in a specific area; the northern slope of the Sierra de Ayllón (Segovia, Castilla y León), which is the easternmost range of
the Iberian Central Mountain Range. To achievethis, monitoring of some of these populations was
conducted through the establishment of permanent monitoring plots, individual marking, andtracking throughout a vegetative period. Variables were measured to assess their development from a vegetative, phenological, and reproductive perspective, employing the chorologicaland demographic methodology outlined in the
AFA project (Atlas of Threatened vascular Flora of
Spain). In order to evaluate the viability of current
populations, spore germination essays were conducted on collected spores, and the results werecompared with previous data to understand thechorological and demographic trends of these

1 Italian Botanical Society, Working Group on Monumental Trees.
Primary and old-growth forests compared tosemi-natural forest formations account for a verysmall part of the surface area in Europe. Currently,
their scientific importance is also recognized dueto their rarity in relation to the dynamics of natural vegetation. At the same time, their role may beaffected by global change drivers such as the introduction of exotic species and climate change.
It is assumed that the process will become more
and more pronounced in the coming decades. An
important role, linked to climate warming, will beplayed by thermophilic sclerophylls of the Mediterranean maquis. The spread of new diseases
and exotic xylophagous insects is an increasingly pronounced problem, and it can affect morelarge trees. The unique structural characteristics
associated with old forests and monumental trees
support the existence of a whole series of exclusive habitats and microhabitats for many highly
specialized species, which have no place in theyounger phases of the forest. The scarcity of thistype of natural forest ecosystems means that
forest biodiversity related to senescent phases ishighly threatened. This is also the source of thenationwide census carried out by the Ministry ofForestry and the protection measures to preserve
old forests and monumental trees heritage, including its considerable scientific, feed, ornamental and cultural interest, including their role andimportance in natural and urban environments.

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P.0734 Digitalizationand methodologicalinnovation in protected flora
monitoring in Spain

P.0735 Conservation
approaches in species-richAnatolian steppe ecosystem
in Ankara, Turkey

Carmela Capistrós Bitrián1, Jorge MiguelIsabel Rufo1, Luz Mauro Gutiérrez1, Marta
Viu Cuerda2 , Noelia Vallejo Pedregal2

Hayri Duman1, Murat Doğan2,3, Özge Atlı4,Ferhat Celep5
1 Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Departmentof Biology, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Bülent Ecevit University, Department of Biology, Zonguldak, Turkey. 3
Ekoiz Environment, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey. 4 Kazan Soda Electric, Yenikent, Sincan, Ankara, Turkey.
5 Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Engineering andNatural Sciences, Department of Biology, Yahşihan,
Kırıkkale, Turkey.

1 Department of Natural Environment, TRAGSATEC,
Madrid, Spain. 2 Directorate-General of Biodiversity,
Forests, and Desertification, Ministry for EcologicalTransition and the Demographic Challenge, Madrid, Spain.
The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), community regulations (Directive
92/43/EEC), and national legislation (Law 42/2007
and Royal Decree 139/2011) emphasize the importance of implementing monitoring and assessment policies for the biodiversity conservation
status. Emerging technologies provide an opportunity to promote digitization and innovation in
the data collection and processing for this purpose. The Ministry for Ecological Transition andthe Demographic Challenge of Spain (MITECO)
launched an innovative project in 2022 to improve the knowledge of protected flora at national level. Digitization is the key element driving theentire process, from data collection in the field toobtaining results. The methodology for real-timedata collection relies on mapping and preset
forms in the ArcGIS Field Maps application as thecentral tool to optimize the field workflow. These
data will be compiled in the Integrated Information System of the Directorate-General of Biodiversity, Forests, and Desertification of MITECO,
enabling visualization, analysis, and automatic
download of results that will allow compliancewith Spain’s legal obligations and coordinatedconservation actions to be proposed. The implementation of this technology for the monitoring offlora species presents strengths and challenges.
Although it requires periodic maintenance andovercoming the digital divide, the app effectively replaces paper processes and enhances theconvenience, traceability, and efficiency of datacollection and processing. The complete digitization of the national-level protected flora monitoring programme is a milestone in biodiversity
management and establishes a new replicableparadigm for future projects.

Ex-situ conservation can provide a safety net for
species that are at high risk of extinction in thewild, while in-situ conservation can help maintain the ecological processes and biodiversityof natural ecosystems. There are around 13,000
plant taxa in Turkey, of which around 4,000 taxa
are endemic. However, despite its rich plant biodiversity, Turkey’s plant species are under threat
mainly from natural habitat destructions (i.e. deforestation, agricultural and mining activities, industrialization etc.), constructions (urbanization,
dam and road constructions), overgrazing andclimate change. Due to the rapidly growing population and surface area of Ankara city center,many plant species which are distributed the immediate surroundings of the Ankara city centerare under high extinction risk, particularly local
endemic species. Therefore, we aimed to establish a plant protection area with both ex-situ andin-situ conservation approaches in Kazan Soda
license area in Kahramankazan county of Ankara-Turkey. 185 plant taxa belonging to 43 families,
29 of which are local or regional endemic, weretaken under protection in this newly establishedplant conservation area. We also tried to raise
public awareness about biodiversity and conservation for local people and students. In this way,
we want to contribute to the continuity of someendangered taxa in their natural habitats.

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P.0736 Use andconservation of wild agavesthat are used to produce
mezcal. The case of Agave
potatorum and Agavemarmorata

P.0737 A small agriculturalland surrounded by urban
development in eastern
coastal Sri Lanka is abiodiversity refuge
Thanigasalam Shahirajh1, Neela deZoysa2

Juan A. Cruz-Rodríguez1, Areli Buenabad1,
Raymundo Hernández1, Atenógenes
Licona1

1 Mannankulam (Pvt) Ltd, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 2
Sudbury, USA.

1 Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México.
Mezcal is a drink that is produced in Mexico fromdifferent species of the genus Agave (Asparagaceae). It has a high demand in the national andinternational market and although there are domesticated species, much of the species used
are wild. Given that there are no strategies that
ensure the persistence of their populations, thiswork proposes management options to harmonize their use and conservation. For this reason,a study was carried out on the conditions underwhich individuals of Agave marmorata and Agave potatorum develop. These are wild species
from which high-quality mezcal is obtained. The
study was carried out in xeric shrubland areas of
the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, incentral Mexico. The results show that individualsof both species depend on nurse plants for theirestablishment. However, A. marmorata prefers
sites with deep soils and the presence of trees
and shrubs, while A. potatorum grows on shallow soils where low-growing shrubs dominate.
Although A. marmorata reproduces vegetatively,
both species maintain their populations throughseed production. Unfortunately, its inflorescences
are cut to feed goats, which limits this process. To
use and conserve these species, it is proposed:a) Guarantee the dispersal of seeds in the shrubland; b) Collect a small portion of seed to produce a plants in a nursery; c) To plant individuals
within the shrubland according to the conditions
that are favorable for each species; d) Do not establish monocultures; e) Incorporate agaves into
the agroforestry component of agricultural areas, favoring their association with nurse plants.
People will continue to consume mezcal if theconservation of agaves and the ecosystems inwhich they develop is guaranteed.

Agricultural lands are undervalued as potential
refuges for biodiversity. In a pioneering effort, themanagers of Mannankulam Estate, a private agricultural landholding in Akkaraipattu, on the east
coast of Sri Lanka, documented the flora and thehabitats of the 12.5 ha property. The area is surrounded by urban sprawl, and is a remnant ofextensive coconut plantations and rice fields forover a century, converted in the last two decades
to residential and commercial use. The site consists of 32% coconut plantation, 32% plantationedge with natural regeneration, 27% rice fields
and 9% lagoon edge with natural vegetation. The
farm has been certified as organic and regenerative agriculture has been practiced since 2009.
The in-depth 3-year (2021 – 2023) survey recorded 227 plant species belonging to 179 genera and63 families. The proportion of native flora is high(78.4%), and includes one endemic shrub Jeffreycia zeylanica. Seventeen species recorded at thesite are designated as Threatened on the National
Red List, amounting to 9.6% of the native flora. This
included 2 Critically Endangered (CR), 3 Endangered (EN), 6 Vulnerable (VU), 6 Near Threatened(NT). The Endangered woody climber Argyreia elliptica and epiphytic orchid Vanda tessellata arefound in significant populations. The high floristic
diversity was supported by regenerative cultivation practices, varied habitats with 40% semi-natural and natural areas, living fences, 900 coconut
trees, and large old trees. The trophic complexity and niche availability increased due to fruiting
trees, herbaceous and woody flowering species
and rice fields which attracted a variety of frugivorous and granivorous birds, insect and avian
pollinators, butterflies and caterpillars. This study
exemplifies the potential of small privately owned
agricultural areas to contribute to the researchand to serve as vitally important biodiversity refuges in the larger hostile landscape.

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P.0738 Conserving a
critically endangered
microendemic tree of thefamily Zygophyllaceae:
Guaiacum unijugum

P.0739 Evaluation andmonitoring of populationsof Swertia perennis in the
Ayllón mountain range,
Spain

Victor Garcia Balderas1, Kate Good1, Daniel
Wblesther Perez2, Silvia Alvarez Clare1

Sara García-Matesanz1, Cristina
Benavente-Mena1, Joaquín CasteloSchremmer2, Juan P. Martín-Clemente3,
Carlos Ruiz-López3, José Mª PostigoMijarra1, Felipe Martínez-García3

1 The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, USA. 2 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C., La Paz,
México.
Guaiacum unijugum is a critically endangered,micro-endemic shrub occurring in the southeastern coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Since
1995, only 29 living individuals have been documented, and the last known survey took place in2007, when a genetic study was conducted acrossthe genus. Before our study, the population’s status was unknown, even though threats continue
to expand in the region, and there are currently
no living ex situ collections for this species. The
goals of present study were to 1) document thestatus of the native population of G. unijugum,2) quantify the propagation success under threeexperimental treatments, and 3) establish living
ex situ conservation sites that will serve as an insurance policy against extinction. We conducteda plant survey in the area of occurrence to geolocate, measure, assess the reproductive status,and collect germplasm. We documented a totalof 53 individuals and successfully collected over2000 seeds. In order to quantify the propagation
success, we tested three treatments: storage for
30 days, exposure to 200 ppm gibberellic acid(GA) as a germination enhancer, and leachingwith water to reduce the effects of abscisic acidin germination inhibition. The seeds exposed to
GA had the highest germination rate both whenstored (73%) and planted fresh (74%). The leaching treatment decreased germination rate, resulting in 47% for stored seeds and 24% for fresh
seeds. Results from this study are summarized ina propagation protocol published in English andSpanish, which provides recommendations forthe reproduction of this species. We have also
shared seeds with three botanic gardens in Mexico, which will result in the first living ex situ collections for this rare and threatened shrub. Next
steps include working with local communities topromote in situ conservation and sustainable
management practices.

1 Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Segovia, Spain. 3 Polytechnic University of Madrid,
Madrid, Spain.
Swertia perennis L. (Gentianaceae) is a boreoalpine species whose most southerly populations in
the Iberian Peninsula are found in the Central and
Iberian mountain ranges. It is very scarce in thesemountains, with relictual populations in the Ayllón
range (province of Segovia, Autonomous Community of Castilla y León) and in the Albarracín range(province of Teruel, Autonomous Community of
Aragón). In Spain, this species is protected under
different regional protection categories: in Castillay León, as a taxon of Preferential Attention and in
the Foral Community of Navarra as Endangered.
The aim of this study is to assess the viability andconservation status of its populations located on
the northern slopes of the Ayllón range, the easternmost of the Central System. For this purpose,some of these populations have been monitored
by installing permanent monitoring plots, marking
individuals and monitoring them throughout thegrowing season. Variables that provide information on their evolution from a vegetative, phenological and reproductive point of view have beenmeasured, applying chorological and demographic work methodology proposed in the project Atlas of Endangered Vascular Flora of Spain.
In order to assess the viability of current populations, seed germination trials have been carriedout, the results of which have been comparedwith previous data to determine the chorologicaland demographic trend of these populations. In
addition, a preliminary study has been carried out
to determine the phylogenetic relationships of thispopulation nucleus with the rest of the known andcharacterised European populations, which arelocated from the Pyrenees to the north of Europe.

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P.0740 Social perceptionof ecological systems: theview of technicians andmanagers in Spain

P.0741 Current state of
the algal collection of the
Sofia University “St. Kliment
Ohridski”- ACUS

Ester Hernández-Correas1, Alicia M.
Navarro2, Adrián E. Alcántara1

Kristian R. Ivanov1, Blagoy A. Uzunov1,
Georg Gärtner2, Miroslav I. Androv1, Maya
P. Stoyneva-Gärtner1

1 Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan
Carlos University, Madrid, Spain. 2 Department ofPlant Ecology, Desertification Research Center (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
Drylands (precipitation/evapotranspiration < 0.65mm/mm) hold significant ecological importanceglobally due to their high biodiversity, which is a
crucial component for ecosystem functionality
and ecosystem services that provide to humansocieties. Despite their ecological significance,
drylands are generally undervalued comparedto other ecosystems. Recognizing that endorsement and social support are vital for effective
nature conservation, it becomes imperative tocomprehend and define the scope of this collective psychological bias. Environmental managers
and technicians have a direct impact in ecosystem conservation, so they constitute a priority group for evaluating whether they exhibit thisbias and identifying the factors that may modulate it. For this purpose, we conducted an online
semi-structured survey among environmental
professionals in Spain. It consisted of three sections: general questions, landscape perception
and management case studies. In the perception part, each landscape was always asked perse, without ever looking for a comparison. Here,
we present a descriptive analysis of the data andthe main patterns found in landscape perception
among professionals engaged in natural environment management in Spain, based in both
demographic and environmental variables.
Reference: Devesa, J.A. & Martínez-Sagarra, G.
2023. Plantas vasculares endémicas de Andalucía. Villa del Río, Córdoba: MG Marketing. https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/15691

1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, Bulgaria 2
Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Living algal collections are an important tool
for biodiversity studies and serve as an important genetic archive for species conservation. In
addition, they provide quick and easy access toalgal strains that can be used both for research
purposes, for bioremediation of contaminatedhabitats, for biotechnological purposes, etc. This
necessitates the maintenance and future development of the algal collections, which includes
their continuous enrichment with new strains andequipment updates. The Living algal collection of
SU “St. Kliment Ohridski” was established in 2006
and in 2010 it was registered in the WDCM (Word
Data Centre for Microorganisms) under number
965, with the acronym ACUS (Algal Collection of
the University of Sofia) (Uzunov et al. 2011). The
collection is also a member of the WFCC (World
Federation for Culture Collection) and the GCM(Global Catalogue of Microorganisms). To date,
the algal strains in the collection are nearly 300
including representatives from the blue-green,green and yellow-brown evolutionary lines. The
number of strains is constantly increasing witheach subsequent year being fulfilled by local
and foreign materials. Currently, the photo-documentation by electron microscopic images(SEM, TEM) is going-on, and the collection was
equipped with new growing chambers, inverted
fluorescence microscope with micromanipulator
and horizontal tubular photobioreactor.
Acknowledgements: This study is financed by theEuropean Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republicof Bulgaria, Project No BG-RRP-2.004-0008”.

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P.0742 Is peyote Lophophora
diffusa (Cactaceae)
a species destined for
extinction?
Cecilia Leonor Jiménez-Sierra1, Omar
Díaz-Segura1, María Loraine MatiasPalafox2, Erika Arroyo-Pérez1
1 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa,
Ciudad de Mexico, México. 2 CONABIO, Ciudad de
Mexico, México.
Lophophora diffusa (Croizat|) Bravo (peyote or peyote queretano) is a Cactaceae used by natives andcollectors for its chemical and ornamental properties.
However, its population dynamics are unknown. Data
were obtained by following a population of Querétaro
(Mexico) for nine years, and for this data we constructed four annual matrices, one five-year matrix and amean matrix. Individuals were categorized by size as:
seedlings, juveniles and adults (1-4). The finite population growth rates (λ) were calculated with transition
matrices. The relative importance of size categories
and demographic processes: stasis (S), growth (G), regressions (R) and fecundity (F) were determined using
sensitivity and elasticity matrices. Prospective and projection analyses of population size are presented. The
annual lambda (λ) varied from (0.8 - 0.98), and only
for one year this value was significantly < 1. The relative
importance of demographic processes was Stasis >Growth > Regression > Fecundity. In relation to the relative importance of individual by sizes, adult 2 (A2) had
the highest influence on the λ value. Projections indicatethat the population could disappear in < 50 years. To
conserve the peyote queretano, it is necessary protecting its habitat, and reconsidering the legal restrictions
to facilitate the cultivation of this species.

P.0743 Analysis of thedegree of compliancewith protected species
legislation in Spainof legislation at both national and regional (autonomous) level. These laws contain, among other things,
catalogues of protected species wich have been established at national level (National Legislation) and atregional level (Legislation of the Autonomous Communities). In all of them, taxa are classified in categories according to their degree of threat. The Laws also establish that these administrations, within the scope of theirrespective competencies, must approve management plans for these species. Therefore, by comparing the number of management plans approved andthose that should have been approved, we can assessthe degree of compliance with the legislation on protected species. This comparison shows that: 1.- Overall(national plus autonomous administrations): only 24%of the plans that should have been made have been
approved. 2.- At national level: the Ministry for EcologicalTransition has only approved 3.7% of the plans for the
species under its jurisdiction. 3.- At regional level: the 17
Autonomous Communities that make up the Spanish
state do not comply with the legislation either: 3.1. The
vast majority have only drawn up a maximum of 30%of the plans to which they are obliged by national legislation. Some administrations stand out negatively, suchas the Community of Madrid, which has not drawn up
any plans at all. 3.2.- The vast majority do not comply
with their own legislation. Only one of them (La Rioja)
has fully complied with its duty to approve all the management plans for the endangered species in its own
regional catalogue. In conclusion, therefore, we canstate that the degree of compliance with the legislationby the administrations is very low and varied.

P.0744 Important areasof flora: methodological
proposal and tool for theconservation of the Sierrade Guadarrama National
Park (Spain)
Felipe Martínez García1, José Luis
Izquierdo Moreno2
1 Polytechnic University of Madrid. Madrid, Spain. 2
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation Center, Sierrade Guadarrama National Park. Madrid, Spain.

Felipe Martínez García1, Álvaro Suero
Barrado1
1 Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Spain has an important biodiversity which, as in othercountries, is suffering from the impact of human activities. To conserve the natural heritage, Spain has a set

The Sierra de Guadarrama National Park and its Peripheral Protection Zone (SGNP-PPZ) (Iberian Central
System, provinces of Madrid and Segovia), harbors arich vascular flora (about 2000 native species) subjected to strong anthropic pressures. The aim of this work389

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has been to establish an objective methodology for theidentification and mapping of priority areas for the conservation of flora, as a basic tool for the managementof the National Park. Some 500 taxa of conservation interest have been analyzed. From these have been selected 189 that meet the following two conditions: being scarce: found in less than 100 UTM squares of the
SGNP-PPZ; being of chorological interest: taxa endemic
to the Iberian Peninsula or be a relict population. Eachof these has been evaluated using 4 criteria: Generalarea of distribution; Abundance within the SGNP-PPZ;
Habitat in which it is found; Degree of threat according
to the 2008 RedList. For each criterion a scale of 10, 7, 4 or
1 point has been established to indicate the degree of
threat to the survival of the species. All the populations(totaling 2474) were georeferenced in 1x1 km grids andvalued. Subsequently, the maps were cross-referenced,
adding the score obtained in each grid, which made it
possible to identify and map the priority territories forconservation. A total of 521 grids have been identified
with some population, 47% of those of the SGNP-PPZ.
The valuation range was 8 points the grids with the lowest scores and 602 points for the grids with the highest
number of populations of interest. All the 2,474 populations of the selected species were georeferenced in
1x1 km grids and valued with the proposed scale. Maps
were cross-referenced, adding the score obtained ineach grid, which made it possible to identify and map
the priority territories for conservation.

P.0745 Development of
new extinction threat
assessment based on
locality counts: A case studyof 3,180 vascular plants in
Kanagawa, Japansurvey periods, Phase 1(1979-1989), Phase 2(19962000), and Phase 3(2013-2017), for 3,180 vascular plant
species across 111 localities in Kanagawa. This database enables us to monitor transitions from presence(1) to absence (0) or from absence (0) to presence (1)at each locality between phases. Subsequently, we
calculated per-year increase and decrease rates for
species i, biand di, between phases. Consequently, we
obtained four rates for each species, bi,12, bi, 23, di,12,and di,23, where subscripts 12 and 23 indicate the transition from phase 1 to 2 and phase 2 to 3. We then calculated the medians of four rates, Mb,12, Mb,23, Md,12,and Md,23. As a result, Mb,12, Mb,23, Md,12, and Md,23
were P.040 (95%CI[P.003, P.170]), P.068(95%CI[P.005,
P.333]), P.284(95%CI[P.117, P.636]), and P.143(95%CI[P.036, P.497]), respectively. Notably, Mb,12 increasedto Mb,23, whereas Md,12 decreased to Md,23, suggesting an acceleration in new locality generation and a
deceleration in existing locality loss. However, medians of net changes, bi,12- di,12 and bi, 23- di,23,were-P.237(95%CI [−P.613, P.002]) and -P.077(95%CI[−P.484,
P.280]). This result indicates the locality loss exceeds
the locality generation in Kanagawa. Notably, bothbi,12- di,12 and bi, 23- di,23 are negative for 1,057 species, suggesting the potential extinction of these species in future. This calculation introduces a new indicator to quantify the extinction threat in vascular plants.

P.0746 Generating species
threat abatement andrestoration metri for Brazil’s
national red list of plants:
lessons learned andprospects

Chihiro Myotoishi1, Wataru Ohnishi2,
Tetsukazu Yahara3, Akiko Satake4
1 Department of System Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. 2 Kanagawa Prefectural
Museum of Natural History, Kanagawa, Japan. 3
Kyushu Open University, Fukuoka, Japan. 4 Facultyof Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Due to ongoing urban development, vascular plants
inhabiting Kanagawa Prefecture, adjacent to themegacity of Tokyo, are expected to have undergone
continuous decline in their localities. To quantify thisdecline, we utilized a database constructed throughpresence-absence surveys conducted during three390

Eduardo P. Fernandez1,2,3, Lara M.
Monteiro4,5, Eduardo T. Amorim2,3, Gláucia
F. Crispim2,3, Lucas S.B. Jordão2,3, Marinez
F. de Siqueira1,2,3, Monira Bicalho2,3, Pablo
H.A. Melo2,3, Vicente Calfo2,3, Renata de
T. Capelão4, Nina Pougy4, Bernardo B.N.
Strassburg4, Louise Mair6
1 Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden Research Institute,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Brazilian National Centre for
Plant Conservation - CNCFlora, Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3
IUCN Species Survival Commission, Brazil Plant Stand
Alone Red List Authority, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4 Instituto Internacional para Sustentabilidade, Rio de Ja-

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neiro, Brazil. 5 University of Vermont, Vermont, USA. 6
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK.
To effectively track the progress of the Convention
on Biological Diversity (CBD)’s 2030 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), the scientific community has
been working on creating a set of policy-relevant
indicators. The Species Threat Abatement and Restoration (STAR) metric was developed to quantify
the potential contribution of threat abatement andhabitat restoration actions at a particular site to the
reduction in species global extinction risk. Brazil, renowned for its vast biodiversity and as a signatory
member of the CBD, has been testing the application of such metrics to monitor conservation action
impacts. We discuss the outcomes of the application of the threat abatement component of STARto the Brazilian plants national red list, alongside a
debate of its caveats and potential applications.
We included in downstream analyses 2,791 endemic
species assessed as near threatened or threatened
between 2010-2020 by Brazil’s flora Red List Authority, CNCFlora/JBRJ. We found that tackling threats
from agriculture could reduce extinction risk for 29%
of evaluated species, while mitigating threats fromurban expansion and fires could reduce risk by 21%
and 10%, respectively –especially at the Cerrado andMata Atlantica Hotspots and in parts of the Amazon.
The full application of STAR nationally, including advancing with its restoration component, will involve
increasing assessments of endemic species to reduce selection and geographic data biases, effective translation of targets from global to national
level and further engagement of distinct societal
sectors to consistently track the regional impact of
threat reduction on global conservation goals.

P.0747 Conservation andrecovery of threatened cacti
from a global hotspot: therole of Rio de Janeiro Botanic
Garden and partners
Eduardo Fernandez1,2,3, Marcio Verdi1,2,3,
Eduardo Amorim2,3, Fernanda Wimmer2,3,Gláucia Crispim2,3, Lucas Jordão2,3, Luara
Tourinho3, Tainá Rocha3, Deyse Reis3,
Mario Gomes2,3, Marinez Siqueira1, Camila
Nardy Delgado2,3, Monira Bicalho2,3,
Gustavo Martinelli2,3

1 Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Brazilian National
Centre for Plant Conservation, Rio de Janeiro
Botanic Garden Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3 IUCN Species Survival Commission, Brazil Plant Stand Alone Red List Authority,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The IUCN Green Status of Species (GSS) enables the evaluation of the recovery potential of
threatened species and helps to refine needed/ongoing conservation actions. Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden (JBRJ) play a key role in furtheringresearch in plant diversity and conservation in
Brazil and relies in its national and international
plant conservation authority, the Brazilian National Centre for Plant Conservation (CNCFlora),
to detect at-risk species and to develop and implement Conservation Actions Plans (CAPs). The
current challenge of JBRJ/CNCFlora is to monitor
progress of these integrated frameworks in order
recover species’ populations and to attest actions’ efficiency. Here, we explore the role JBRJ/
CNCFlora played in promoting the conservationof 10 cacti species of the Cerrado Hotspot andapplied the GSS protocol to evaluate the recovery potential and the validity of in-place conservation actions. Species were selected based on
their conservation status, inclusion in conservation mechanisms and because they are the focus
of tailored and participatory conservation projects. These are Uebelmannia buiningii, Discocactus horstii, Discocactus pseudoinsignis (CriticallyEndangered - CR), Arrojadoa eriocaulis, Brasilicereus markgrafii, Micranthocereus auriazureus,
Micranthocereus violaciflorus, Pilosocereus fulvilanatus, Uebelmannia pectinifera (Endangered- EN) and Cipocereus minensis (Vulnerable - VU).
Our results showed that all target cacti are rare,with narrow distribution and/or with unknown
population tendencies, suggesting elevatedConservation Dependence and Recovery Potential because they are particularly sensitive to environmental changes. These results indicate that
it is highly likely that without these actions these
species’ situation would be twice worse as today.
It is urgent reinforcing conservation actions related to the 10 cacti, as if other conservation strategies are not taken urgently and effectively, it ispossible that in 10 years many subpopulations
will be extirpated. Further studies should help tocatalyze conservation actions that will drive sustained conservation for these iconic species of
the Brazilian flora.

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P.0748 Enhancing
biodiversity conservation in
Madagascar: MNP-Biodiv
database for improved
data management andknowledge exchange
Lantotiana Randriamanana1, Bernard
Riera2, Lalatiana Randriamiharisoa3
Timothée Le Pechon4,5, Sylvain G.
Razafimandimbison6, Florian Jabbour1.
1 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité,
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France. 2 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,mécanismes adaptifs et Évolution, Paris, France. 3
Madagascar National Parks, Ambatobe Antananarivo, Madagascar. 4 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise,
Belgium. 5 Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service
Général de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium. 6 Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
Madagascar, renowned for its rich biodiversity,
hosts 123 protected areas (PAs), with 43 under the
management of Madagascar National Parks (MNP).
Since its establishment in 1991, MNP has meticulously
curated a vital biodiversity database for these PAs.
Despite the wealth of data, the absence of a dedicated Database Management System (DBMS) has
hindered seamless data consultation and exchangewith external entities. This research project addresses this critical gap by introducing the “MNP-Biodiv”
database, with a specific focus on the botanicalcomponent, termed “MNP-Flora.” The primary objective is to enhance access to biodiversity informationand knowledge tools through the implementation ofa robust DBMS. This technological intervention aims
to facilitate efficient data retrieval, analysis, andsharing, ultimately fostering collaboration with otherinstitutions dedicated to biodiversity research andconservation. The study centers on the development and optimization of the MNP-Flora database,considering factors such as data accuracy, user-friendly interfaces, and compatibility with existingbiodiversity databases. By establishing a dedicatedDBMS, the research seeks to streamline the processof managing and disseminating crucial flora-related information, thereby contributing to informed
decision-making in biodiversity conservation efforts.
The implications of this research extend beyond theimmediate benefits to MNP, encompassing broader
implications for biodiversity research and conservation initiatives in Madagascar. The proposed database management system serves as a foundational
step towards creating a comprehensive and interoperable platform, fostering collaborative efforts
and advancing our understanding of Madagascar’s
unique and fragile ecosystems. The study also outlines the subsequent development of “MNP-Fauna,”
the second component of the MNP-Biodiv database,ensuring a comprehensive and integrated platform
for biodiversity management in Madagascar.This
research aligns with global efforts to leverage technology for conservation and underscores the pivotal
role of database management systems in enhancing biodiversity research, management, and conservation practices.

P.0749 Preserving the
Menabe ecosystem:
A community-driven
approach to baobab
habitat restoration
Onja Hariveloniaina Morilline
Razanamaro1, Nirintsoa Raharinomena2,
Stephano Andriamiadana2,
Tahiana Andriaharimalala3, Seheno
Andriantsaralaza2
1 Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza
Rue Fernand Kassanga, Tsimbazaza, Madagascar.
2 Mention Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Facultédes Sciences, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar. 3 Centre National de recherches sur l’Environnement, Fiadanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Understanding and predicting the consequences of
species extinction is crucial for conservation efforts
worldwide. The Menabe region of Madagascar faces
alarming deforestation rates, losing 4,000 hectares
in 2014 within the Menabe Antimena protected area,
one of the region’s largest. This highlights the urgent
need for solutions based on ecological restoration
principles to address both economic and conservation challenges. Our study investigates the success ofbaobab habitat restoration efforts in the Andranomena Special Reserve and the Mangoky Ihotry Protected
Areas Complex within the Andranopasy rural commune. Through close collaboration and empowerment of local communities, reforestation activities,392

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nursery programs, and monitoring have been implemented for the two sites. After two years in the nursery,
the seedling survival rate reaches an impressive 70%.
The implemented awareness strategy and active involvement of local communities near the restorationsites have proven effective in safeguarding the areafrom fire, livestock encroachment, and woodcutting.
This strong sense of ownership and stewardship fostered through community engagement ensures thelong-term protection of the restored baobab habitats,setting a remarkable example for conservation efforts
across Madagascar.

P.0750 Threatening factorsof Iranian bulbous plants
Khadijeh Riahi Rad1, Sajad Alipour 2
1 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty ofAgriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran,
Iran. 2 Department of Horticultural Science, Schoolof Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Iran, with its unique climatic and topographic conditions, is home to about 8200 species of vascular plants.
Approximately 400 of the 8200 species are classified
as Bulbous plants. Iran is home to a diverse rangeof bulbous plants, many of which are threatened byvarious factors. This paper provides an overview of
the threatening factors facing Iranian bulbous plants,
including habitat loss, overgrazing, illegal bulb andflower harvesting, flower smuggling and supply to themarket, climate change, urbanization, road construction, mining activities, drought and pests and diseases.
The impact of these factors on the conservation status of these plants is discussed, along with potential
conservation measures to mitigate these threats. The
paper also highlights the importance of addressingthese threatening factors to ensure the survival of Iranian bulbous plants and the preservation of their ecological and cultural significance.

P.0751 New records andnew localities of rare andthreatened algal species in
Bulgaria
Blagoy A. Uzunov1, Maya P. StoynevaGärtner1, Georg Gärtner2, Miroslav I.
Androv1, Kristian R. Ivanov1

1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’Sofia, Bulgaria. 2
Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
The poster presents selected unpublished data on
new findings in regard to the biodiversity and conservation of Bulgarian algae. They concern both thefirst records of some prokaryotic and eukaryotic
species and the new localities of algae consideredrare or threatened in the country. All data have beenobtained during the sampling campains conducted during the last twenty years in different regions
of Bulgaria from both aquatic and aeroterrestrial
habitats. The habitats include standing and runningwaters, such as large and small reservoirs, naturallakes and streams, but also some thermal waterbodies and rock formations. The selection of algae
for this presentation was based on their taxonomic
position combined with the rare global distribution,
findings in protected areas or significant reservoirs,
or on their extremophilic way of life. Some examplesof newly recorded for the country potentially harmful toxin-producing species or their localities arealso provided. For example, poster presents the firstrecords of the cyanoprokaryotes Merismopedia ferrophila, Asterocapsa sp., the chrysophycean Dinobryon annulatum as well as data on new localitiesof the cyanoprokaryote Nostoc zetterstedtii, the redalga Hildenbrandia rivularis, the green algae Macrochloris multinucleata and Paradoxia multiseta.
Acknowledgements: This study is financed by theEuropean Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republicof Bulgaria, Project No BG-RRP-2.004-0008”.

P.0752 Community workand orchid flowers listing inthe south region of Oaxaca,
MéxicoAlejandra Villafuerte-Salazar1, EmmanuelMéndez-García1, Héctor Elid OrduñaEslava1, Oswaldo R. Castro Martínez1
1 Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma
Chapingo, Texcoco, Mexico.
In Mexico, the family Orchidaceae is noteworthy
with 1,263 species. Its greatest diversity is reported
in the Mexican southeast; unfortunately, that region
presents one of the highest levels of marginalizationin the country. For this reason, we decided to carry393

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out a community work in the south region of Oaxaca, Mexico to do a diagnostic about the generalpanorama, the biodiversity and the orchids applications to propose conservation alternatives and asustainable management. The project was carriedout from June to December 2022 and 2023, monthly visits were scheduled in which the local people
were interviewed about orchid’s knowledge. Environmental education workshops and field trips to
document and photograph the species richness insitu were also organized. As a result, 14 visits weremade in which we included 6 environmental education workshops, the field trips and the assessmentof the Mexican orchids. We characterized 4 types ofvegetation, Mesophile Mountain Forest, pine Forest,
pine-oak Forest, tropical deciduous forest and we
documented 33 species, from which 10 are in risk ofextinction (i.e., Laelia dawsonii, Artorima erubescens,
Prosthechea karwinskii, Cypripedium molle, Rhynchostele cervantesii, etc.). With the information collected, we elaborate two manuals for intern use in
the community. Progress was made in the construction of a shade house to preserve specimens of rescued orchids for their protection and maintenanceby the communal authorities. In the ethnobotanic
part of the project, we documented the use of Laelia
dawsonii in the celebrations of the deceased saints
as part of the biocultural wealth of the region. For
2024 we planned the consolidation of the Environmental Management Unit as a strategy for the exploitation and conservation of community species.

tronic microscope and combining information on exsitu conservation of threatened species in Spain, (2)to create a morphological seeds digital atlas anda (3) identification guide available on the RJB, CSIC
website and printed, (4) to set an educational programme for secondary school students to help themlearn about the floristic diversity of Spain and the riskof threats to wild plants; their vulnerability and thethreats to their populations and habitats, as well as
the need and importance of developing conservation strategies through scientific knowledge. Plants
and their seeds will be used as teaching resources
and will promote inquiry-based learning to develop
critical thinking. And finally (5) to develop library resources and dissemination of the project. The different actions will make it possible to show differences
and numerous facets of seeds unknown to society
and most of the time not visible to the human eye,such as the beauty, rarity and variety of forms andornamentations of a vital organ for the life of plants.

P.0753 Seed banks:
conserving the threatened
flora of Spain

China is one of the most biodiversity-rich nations
worldwide, with the third largest inventory of vascular plant species (ca. 35,000). The country is recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots
and a conservation priority region globally. Despite
unprecedented efforts aimed at conserving endangered species, the loss of biodiversity in China is aserious problem. Plant Species with Extremely Small
Populations, PSESP, is a conservation concept developed in China from 2005, aimed at rescuing mostthreatened plant species of China. Species qualify
as PSESP if they are less than 5000 mature individuals in total and fewer than 500 individuals in eachisolated population. In 2012, the China government
began the Implementation Plan of Rescuing andConserving China’s PSESP (2011–2015), which specified 120 PSESP and assigned their conservation priorities. Located at the Himalaya region and having halfof the plant species in China, Yunnan Province, hastaken a major lead in rescuing and conserving PSESP.
From 2009 to 2017, Yunnan Province invested 21.58
million RMB (ca. 3 million USD) in special funds for theSilvia Villegas-Navarro1, Yolanda Ruiz2,
Carlos De Mier3
1 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid. Spain.
The seed bank together with the laboratory unit at
the Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC (in the future RJB,
CSIC) are developing a project to raise awarenessin society about the need for the work carried out
in the field of ex situ conservation at the RJB, CSIC.
The project brings scientists, technicians, teachersand students from five secondary schools in Madrid, Spain working in ex situ conservation together
to share knowledge and expertise. It is structured infive actions: (1) to develop a photography exhibition
with images of seeds capturing different techniquessuch as macrophotography and scanning elec-

P.0754 China’s conservation
on Plant Species with
Extremely Small Populations(PSESP)
Yang Jing1
1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Kunming, China.

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rescue and conservation of PSESP and implemented
92 conservation projects. Several species are partof successful conservation programs including Acer
yangbiense, Cyclobalanopsis sichourensis, Craigia
yunnanensis, Manglietia ventii, Manglietiastrum sinicum, and Paphiopedilum armeniacum. In 2022, newgovernment plans for conserving PSESP in China
and Yunnan Province were issued, including 100 national and 101 provincial species in the lists respectively. In 2023, the first International Training Course

on Conservation and Utilization Techniques of PSESP
was held in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, where
techniques, case analysis, practical experience andaccording theories or researches of China’s PSESP
conservation system were introduced. Hopefully,
with the experience gathered in the last decade,the China’s conservation practice of PSESP could
achieve more results and dedicate its success to
global biodiversity conservations.

S.084. INTEGRATING ECOLOGY INTO
MACRO AND MICROEVOLUTIONARY STUDIESPROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN CURRENT
AND PAST DATA SOURCES
P.0755 Adaptive potentialof the Leaf Economics
Spectrum in the
Brassicaceae
Luis Chausson Garate1, José Miguel
Valderrama1, Urte Schlüter1, Andreas P.M.
Weber1
1 Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCM) refer tothe diverse mechanisms plants have evolved to maximize the efficiency of CO2 assimilation in photosynthesis, avoiding or compensating the photorespiratory
loses derived from the oxygenase activity of RuBisCO.
C4 photosynthesis is the utmost example of carbon
fixation efficiency. Plants displaying intermediate carbon compensation points (CCP) between C4 and C3
species (10-40 ppm) have been described, termed as
C3-C4 intermediates. These plants achieve carbon
concentration via the photorespiratory glycine shuttle,
a CCM that requires fewer and less complex modifications than C4 photosynthesis. Convergent evolution of the photorespiratory glycine shuttle indicatesa substantial improvement of carbon economy undercertain environmental conditions. Trade-offs between
resource allocation to growth, reproduction and survival are key in determining plant ecological strategies
and evolution. The Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES) isa set of six leaf traits that provides a quantitative ba-

sis for evaluation of interspecific differences acrossecosystems based on leaf trait trade-offs. Variationin several LES subtraits between C3 and C3-C4 intermediate species has already been reported in the
Brassicaceae, linked to differences in physiology andgenome structure. Interspecific variance in the LES
across environmental conditions can facilitate theidentification of correlations between photosynthesis
type and fitness in the Brassicaceae. The family of theBrassicaceae, where C3-C4 intermediates do not encounter C4 relatives, defines an excellent framework
for addressing this question. Overall, a combinationof morphological features, together with molecularand physiological data, will be employed to elucidate
the interspecific differences in the LES across various
environmental conditions in a panel of species of theBrassicaceae.

P.0756 Drivers of variationin the ecological strategy
of a Mediterranean early
flowering geophyte across acoast-inland gradient

395

Gabriel Cainelli1, Paola De Giorgi1, Gianni
Bedini1,2, Daniela Ciccarelli1,2
1 University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 2 Centro interdipartimentale per lo studio degli effetti del cambiamento climatico (CIRSEC), Pisa, Italy

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Crocus etruscus Parl., an early-flowering geophyte
endemic to central Italy, may serve as a pivotal focus for conservation efforts amidst the ongoing challenges posed by climate change. This
study aims to elucidate the ecological adaptationsof C. etruscus by investigating its leaf functional
traits and employing the Competitor-Stress tolerant-Ruderal (CSR) systems. Through this research,
we seek to decipher the relationships between C.
etruscus and its environment. We selected 12 locations spanning a coast-inland gradient within
the distribution range of C. etruscus. At each site,
vegetation surveys were conducted, encompassing soil sampling and the collection of leaves fromboth C. etruscus and the dominant species in thelocal communities. We measured key functional
traits, including Leaf Area, Leaf Dry Matter Content,
and Specific Leaf Area. Furthermore, we calculated
the CSR strategy of C. etruscus and the Community Weighted Mean CSR strategy of the surrounding
communities. Additionally, relationships among soil
variables (R matrix), species abundance (L matrix),
and traits (Q matrix), were studied using RLQ analysis to discern the impact of soil properties on the
CSR strategy of the surrounding plant communities. Crocus etruscus showed a SC/CSR strategy,
while the surrounding communities exhibited higher
variability, mainly on the S-R axis. Our investigation
underscores the robust influences of soil nutritional
properties on the functional traits of both C. etruscus
and the surrounding plant communities. Specifically, we observed a shift towards more conservative
strategies in nutrient-poor soils and a prevalenceof more acquisitive strategies in nutrient-rich soils.
This study pioneers the application of a functionalframework to analyze an early-flowering geophyte
within the context of Mediterranean forest communities, providing a crucial baseline for assessing thepotential impacts of climate change on this species
and for guiding future conservation efforts.

P.0757 Evaluating theperformance of hindcasts
in ecological models
combining phytogeographic
and palaeobotanical data
Simone De Santis1,2, Carlos Vila-Viçosa3,4,João Gonçalves3,5, Salvador ArenasCastro6, João Honrado1,3, Francesco
Spada7, Donatella Magri2

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 2 Departmentof Environmental Biology, Sapienza University ofRome, Rome, Italy. simone.desantis@uniroma1.it.
3 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity andLand Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal. 4 Museu deHistória Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do
Porto – Herbário PO, Universidade do Porto, Porto,
Portugal. 5 proMetheus—Research Unit in Materials,
Energy, and Environment for Sustainability, Instituto
Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal. 6 Department of Botany, Ecology, andPlant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of
Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. 7 Department of Ecology
and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are often used to
predict present and past geographic ranges, although
they are rarely validated with paleodata. By combining current occurrence data, fossil records, and SDMs,
we investigated the postglacial dynamics of Arbutus
and the bioclimatic constraints that shaped its demographic history as an important representative of
the Mediterranean broadleaved evergreen element.
We applied an ensemble-modelling approach (BIOMOD2) to obtain present and past predicted distributions for the whole genus Arbutus in the Mediterranean regions, along the Atlantic coast of Europe, andin Macaronesia. SDMs were based on double-checkedoccurrence records from literature and bioclimatic
variables that were retrieved from the CHELSA and PaleoClim databases. Spearman correlation allowed us
to select three subsets of variables with moderate/low
correlation (|r|<0.7) for model development. Past distribution maps for the last 30 ka at 1000-year intervals
were obtained from >1000 chronologically controlled
pollen and macrofossil records. First, we trained thecurrent model with modern occurrences to provide
hindcasts for each Paleoclim period (LGM, HS, BA, YD,
EH, MH, and LH), which were further validated throughmetrics retrieved by a 2x2 confusion matrix (modelled presences/absences vs. observed presences/absences). Secondly, we trained models for each PaleoClim period using past occurrences and then validated them through the 2x2 confusion matrix. Results
show excellent performance for the BIOMOD2 models(TSS>0.9) and the balanced accuracy of the confusion
matrix, which does not show a linear correlation between the hindcast performances and the distancein time. This result indicates that the combination offossil records and modelling techniques is an effective
tool to depict the Quaternary demographic history oftree taxa, to explain the modern biogeography of theMediterranean evergreen ecosystems, to anticipate
potential range shifts in relation to ongoing climatechange, and to raise hypotheses to inform phylogeographic research.

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P.0758 Study of theecological condition of thevegetation present in the
Cantoblanco campus prior
to the reintroduction ofgrazing

P.0759 Are we readyfor macrogenetics? A
meta-analysis of genetic
databases for macrogenetic
analyses in Europe
Marvin Klümpen1, Laura Rose1, Piyal
Karunarathne1

Celia González López1, César A. López
Santiago1, Francisco M. Azcárate1,2
1 Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Centro de Investigación
en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The mosaic structure of Mediterranean dehesa
systems is greatly dependent on the presence ofherbivores. Abandonment of traditional pastoralist practices, such as transhumance, results in adecrease in ecosystem diversity, altering its multifunctionality and causing a loss of its resilience
to changes. In the frame of this social and ecological context, we propose the reintroduction ofthese low-intensity practices in the Cantoblanco
campus of the Autonomous University of Madrid
as a tool for ecological restoration. This work centres on the characterization of the plant communities found before the arrival of herds and its
comparison with natural grasslands with a historyof traditional grazing practices. We obtained results that concur with what was expected basedon previous knowledge. The campus plant community was scarcely diverse and the more abundant species present showed a clear dominanceabove the rest. This makes for an ecosystem witha marked homogenous structure. Comparison
with grazed grasslands showed significant differences with the abandoned system. Not only did
grazing enhance species richness and functional
diversity, but it also improved evenness between
plant families’ occurrence rates. Reintroductionof herbivory under a correct management that
ensures an intermediate grazing intensity has theobjective of restoring lost ecological processes that regulate the ecosystem to ensure futurefunctionality in a context of global change. Moreover, the maintenance of traditional pastoralist
practices has a broader goal of bestowing these
activities with a higher value as providers of cultural and regulation ecosystem services.

1 Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine
University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
The rapid increase in publicly accessible genetic data
in recent years has spurred the emergence of macrogenetics, focusing on large-scale genetic analyses
to understand evolutionary questions, including theimpact of environmental factors and life-history on
genetic variation. Such large-scale analyses not only
enhance our broader understanding of population genetics but also offer insights for biodiversity monitoring
and conservation strategies. Despite abundant genetic
data, large-scale analyses remain rare. Within this context, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis
of Europe’s vascular plants using the NCBI nucleotide
database. The primary objective of this study was toevaluate the potential of public genetic data for largescale biogeographical analyses. For a total of 9,763
native plant species occurring in Europe, we systematically examined 23.5 million sequences, focusing on
georeference indexing and the presence of barcoding
genes, crucial for spatial genetic diversity studies. Our
initial results show that over 13% of the data is either
georeferenced or traceable to their location. The percentage of native species with at least 10 sequence hits
ranges between 40-80% in most countries, gradually
decreasing with the number of hits. We identified themost common gene markers used in studies and thegeoreferenced data for these markers are available forca. 30% of the species within Europe, making it possible
to conduct large-scale genetic diversity analyses.

P.0760 Regeneration nicheof Abies religiosa (Kunth)
Schltdl & Cham. in a highmountain forest of Mexico
Lauro López-Mata1, Gabriel ArroyoCosultchi1
1 Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco Estado deMéxico, Mexico.

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The regeneration niche is a concept closely related toecological processes of seed germination and the establishment and recruitment of seedlings. The seedling stage is a demographic bottleneck, where highrisks of death and high mortality rates occur, causing
significant impacts on the natural regeneration processes of forests. Based on a survival and mortality
risk analysis of a cohort of seedlings, we investigatedwhich variables are most important for their survival,
under two conditions of canopy openness, and theirlight environment and soil properties. We placed 17
1-m2 plots in which all seedlings of A. religiosa from the2019 cohort were marked, numbered and followed fora year. Seedlings were measured for height, embryonic leaves, nodes, visible damage, and survival at
3-week intervals. We evaluated the light environment
with hemispheric canopy photographs taken fromeach plot, and based on these, we stratified the canopy into two categories: partially closed and open canopy. The soil properties per plot were analyzed fromcomposite samples taken from the corners of theplots. Soil humidity and temperature were evaluatedwith data loggers placed 10-15 cm from the soil surface. Analyzes were performed using the SAS LIFETEST
and LIFEREG procedures. Survival curves differed between canopy categories (Log-Rank: X2 = 8.35, df = 1,
P < P.5). Survival was higher under open canopy (0.29± P.1) than under partially closed canopy (0.20 ± P.1).
The most important variables, with positive effects on
seedling survival, were associated with seedling heightand number of nodes, proportion of direct incident
light, soil bulk density, average soil temperature andsoil humidity. Such a set of variables clearly defined
the regeneration niche of A. religiosa.

P.0761 Current distribution
and future range shiftprojections of six common
soil moss species in Europe.

tential distributions under future climatic scenarios,
emphasizing the impact of geographic habitat suitability shifting in this region. Our focus on bryophytes
allows accounting for their unique dispersal mechanisms, particularly the role of spores in overcoming
geographic obstacles. The six species include Ptychostomum capillare, Hypnum cupressiforme andSyntrichia ruralis widespread across temperate areas;
Dicranum scoparium, from cool temperate areas inNorthern Hemisphere; and Homalothecium aureum
and Tortella squarrosa which are restricted to temperate and warm temperate areas of Europe and North
America, associated to the Mediterranean climate. We
apply Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to estimate
and project habitat suitability in present conditions
and under different climate change scenarios. Then,
we assess the likelihood of future suitable areas beingcolonized by each species in the future by calculating
the minimum distance to a future cell with a habitat
suitability value equal or greater than the current one,thus accounting for the proximity of potential source
cells for colonizing future suitable areas. Further, wemeasure the distance of known populations (i.e. occurrence records) to future suitable cells. We foundthat all species show cells with adequate habitat suitability (>0.5) that are closer than 1 km from future cellswith higher or equal habitat suitability than present.
However, the analyses based on known populations
show that T. squarrosa and H. aureum populations arelocated far from future cells with high habitat suitability
0.8. This analysis indicates that Mediterranean species
such as T. squarrosa and H. aureum are at increased
risk due to climate change, as their current populations are situated significantly further from areas projected to have high habitat suitability in the future.

P.0762 Population genetics,
thermotolerance andacclimation: an integrative
approach to study
diversification of tropicalplantsManuel Molina-Bustamante1, Rosa M.
Chefaoui2, Cristina Ronquillo3, Jennifer
Morales-Barbero1, Nagore G. Medina1,
Joaquín Hortal3

Sara S. Pedraza Narváez1

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2
Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. 3 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
We assess the climatic determinants influencing thecurrent geographic distribution of six moss species in
Europe, and use this information to project their po-

1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Understanding the mechanisms of species diversification in the tropics is a fundamental goal in ecology and evolutionary biology. Tropical mountains havegained special attention due to their vast number of398

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species and the varying conditions along elevation
gradients, making them valuable for studying the influence of abiotic factors on species evolution. Janzen’s
seasonality hypothesis provides crucial insights into
the mechanisms of speciation in tropical montane
species and the role of temperature in the diversification process. This hypothesis states that the stabilityof climate in the tropics results in narrower elevation
ranges in tropical mountains, limiting the migration of
species across elevation due to marked physiological
adaptations in organisms. The limited dispersal andspecific thermal adaptations in montane tropical organisms can drive speciation in isolated populations
via parapatric or allopatric speciation. My research
project aims to integrate phylogenomics, ecology,
and physiology to evaluate these two mechanismsof speciation and rigorously test the connection ofJanzen’s seasonality hypothesis with speciation. Usinga comparative phylogeographic approach on several
co-distributed, unrelated tree species, I will link phylogeographic patterns with organismal performance
to examine signals of isolation along elevation andacross geography. Specifically, I will quantify gene flow,
genetic divergence, and thermotolerance (T50) of
plant populations from eight species across elevation
gradients to assess the prevalence of isolation alongelevation (i.e., parapatry) vs. isolation across mountain
ranges (i.e., allopatry). In addition, harnessing the power of a transplant experiment in the Colombian Andes,
I will assess the thermal plasticity of these montane
species at both physiological and genetic levels by
analyzing transcriptomes, gene expression, and thermotolerance (T50) of plants transplanted at different
elevations. This integrative approach will shed light on
the mechanistic role of thermal performance in plant
speciation and will contribute to understanding theevolution of tropical flora in the Anthropocene.

P.0763 Areas of endemismof Angiosperms in the U.S.A.

in the U.S.A. by conducting endemicity analysis (EA).
We compiled a dataset with 775 species belonging to 321 genera and 93 families of seed plantsfrom the U.S.A. floras. We chose unrelated taxa inorder to reveal patterns that might not be apparent from single taxon analyses. Half of the species
came from Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Apocynaceae, Ranunculaceae, Melanthiaceae,
Boraginaceae, Rosaceae, Ericaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Cactaceae, Grossulariaceae, Cornaceae, andGentianaceae. Digitized herbarium specimen data
were downloaded from iDigBio and cleaned. With
the final dataset, which included 223,929 specimen
point records, we performed six endemicity analyses with different parameters using the NDM/VNDM
program. Obtained consensus areas (CAs) wereconverted into shapefiles (.shp), mapped with QGIS,
and used to identify areas of endemism (AoEs) byselecting each AoE under the grid size that yielded the highest number of high-scoring endemic
species. We identified 31 AoEs and 12 nested AoEs.
The study area splits into three floristic centers, theNorthwestern and Eastern, both supporting the Boreal subkingdom, and the Madrean, supporting theMadrean subkingdom of the Holarctic Kingdom of
Takhtajan. All analyses recovered AoEs with thehighest scores in the Madrean region (endemicity score 90; 164 endemic species) with particularlyhigh numbers of narrow endemics in dryer areas.
The Madrean region showed two significant centersof accumulation of nested or partially overlapping
AoEs: the Southwestern and Southcentral CAs. Most
significant in endemism AoEs, the Sonora–Mojave
arid center, Chihuahuan Desert, California Floristic
province, Gulf Coastal Plain, and southern Appalachians, harbor basally branching taxa of several
genera, subfamilies, and even families, based on theobservations of some species, which allowed identification of the AoEs.

Anna Saghatelyan1, Tania Escalante2,
Gerardo Rodríguez-Tapia3
1 Biology Department, McMurry University, Abilene,
USA. 2 Grupo de Biogeografía de la Conservación,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 3 Instituto de Ecología, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
The use of large databases and quantitative methods might help resolve some disagreements in thedelineations of North American floristic provinces.
We aimed to find spatial patterns of a set of plants399

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S.085. INTEGRATING FLORISTIC,BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND ETHNOBOTANICALSTUDIES FOR CONSERVATION
P.0764 Dilemmas andchallenges in the knowledgeof the genus Cinchona in Peru
Joaquina Alban-Castillo1,2, Isabeu CruzRíos1, Eder Chiquillo1,2, Mery Suni2, Giovana
Vadillo2, Julio Torres1, Lizeth Huamán1,
Elizabeth Cochachin1
1 Natural History Museum. UNMSM. Lima, Peru. 2
Faculty of Biological Sciences, UNMSM, Lima, Peru.
The quinas and pseudoquinas (Cinchona L., Ladenbergia Klotzsch and related species) belong tomonophyletic genera included in the Cinchoneae tribe, Rubiaceae. Their origin is myocenic andthe diversification of recent lineages is concordant
with the final stages of the elevation of the Andes.
Currently, the genus Cinchona in Peru comprises 18
species that are scarcely collected and restricted
to the eastern montane forests, 30% of which areendemic. Recent collections in the tropical Andes
have allowed the recognition of new species, bothin Cinchona and Ladenbergia, demonstrating that
there are still many gaps in knowledge in the delimitation of their species, which need to be understood
before establishing adequate conservation and reforestation plans. This study proposed to determine
the diversity of quinas (Cinchona L.) species in Peru,
their current and potential use value, and in particular those species that are endemic or categorized atsome level of vulnerability. Determining the uses andforms of use by local populations has defined thedegree of utility that these species represent for said
populations. Likewise, it has contributed to know how
intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the propagationof quinine, providing answers for the correct formof seed storage and seedling establishment. Three
new species of quinas were described for science:
Cinchona sholletsii sp nova, Cinchona aticochensis
sp nova and Cinchona reynelii sp nova. The distribution of four species is extended for the Peruvian
territory: three of them registered only for Ecuador(Cinchona officinalis L., Cinchona capuli L. Andersson, and Cinchona mutisii Lamb.) and one species

registered so far in Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador (Cinchona lancifolia Mutis.). A total of 20 species of the genus Cinchona were recorded for Peru,
establishing the differences and similarities amongthem.

P.0765 Documenting thefloristic diversity of theancient Minoan city of
Faistos, Crete
Eleftheria Antaloudaki1, Emmanouil
Avramakis1
1 Natural History Museum of Crete – University ofCrete, Crete, Greece. eri@nhmc.uoc.gr
The Minoan city of Faistos in Crete was the second
most important city of the Minoan civilization dated
back from 2.000 BC to the 1st century BC. Archaeological sites often preserve, indirectly, the biodiversity ofan area as human activities are restricted by theirlegal protection status. The research project entitled“Biodiversity and Archaeological Sites - Documenting the Flora and Fauna in Archaeological Sites”
was implemented for twenty archaeological areas
across Greece and it was funded by the Natural Environment and Climate Change Agency (NECCA).
The first stage of the project has already finishedand the present contribution is a preliminary inventory of the floristic research of Faistos archaeological site, located at Messara Valley, south-central
Crete. The area shows a quite remarkable varietyof species and a floristic catalog has been created by field observations and search of the relevant
literature. In Faistos archaeological site, ca. 100 taxa
(species and subspecies) belonging to more than
70 genera and 45 families have been recorded sofar. Apart from the wild flora documented in the site,many alien species have been recorded, as they
were planted as ornamental and the overall alien
flora constitutes ca. 15% of the total recorded flora.
The field investigation will continue in spring 2024,
aiming to record as far as possible the complete
flora of the area.

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P.0766 Assessment of thepotential of plant resources
for human nutrition in the
Ethiopian highlands throughthe past millennia until thethe vegetation types of higher altitudes. In a further
step, we plan to use ecological niche modelling tosimulate the probability of occurrence of species
with high potential to be used as staple food under the effect of changing climatic conditions of
the past 22,000 years. This will allow us to estimate
which species were more likely to occur in the area
where archaeological sites are located and which
ones were more likely to have played a key role as
food resource for humans.

Casas-Gallego, Manuel1, 2, Bruch,
Angela A.3, Neumann, Katharina1, Bodin,
Stéphanie1, Demissew, Sebsebe4,
Schmidt, Marco5, Hahn, Karen4
1 Department of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg
Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
2 Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy andPaleontology, Complutense University of Madrid,
Spain. 3 ROCEEH Research Centre “The role of culture in early expansions of humans” of Heidelberg
Academy of Sciences at Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 4 Department
of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management,College of Natural and Computational Sciences,
National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. 5 Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 6 Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am
Main, Germany.
Ethiopia is a hotspot of biodiversity and home tomore than 6,500 vascular plant species. It comprises numerous endemic species and harbours thelargest area of Afromontane forests in Africa. Ethiopia is also a location of great archaeological significance and, therefore, it has the potential to shedlight on the use of plant species as food resources
by prehistoric humans. In this study, we assess thepotential availability and distribution of plant foodresources for humans in the vegetation units of theEthiopian highlands for the past 22,000 years. To
do so, we compiled comprehensive lists of species
that occur in each vegetation unit. An extensive database currently under development (PlantBITES)
gathers ethnobotanical information of these species, mainly on edibility and other uses of plantsthat occur in natural environments. Based on suchrecords it is possible to analyze and quantify the potential availability of plant resources for humans in agiven vegetation unit. The identification of wild edible plants with high utilization potential is also useful to current nature conservation and sustainable
plant use, as vegetation units with higher utilization
potential of wild plants are more easily classed as
worthy of protection. Our data show that dry andmoist Afromontane forests have a similar but muchhigher exploitation potential of food resources than

P.0767 Spanish hñahñu ethnobotanicalmicroherbarium from El
Olivo, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo,
MexicoSonia Rojas1, Carlos Castillejos1, Reynalda
Roldán1, Carolina Rojas1
1 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
Mexico is home to great plant and traditional diversity, in terms of the use of plants; and ethnobotanyis responsible for recording that interaction. In Mexico, xerophilous scrub is favored by this activity, as itcovers approximately 40% of the territory, but Hidalgo stands out for its flora, and it also shows a great
variety of ethnobotanical uses. In Ixmiquilpan, specifically in El Olivo, Hña-Hñu is spoken, a variant ofOtomi, which is one of the 68 indigenous languagesof Mexico. Here the population actively and traditionally uses its flora and in its language, but despite
this, there are no records that allow this knowledge
to be preserved, since it is transmitted orally andmuch of it is lost. Therefore, a bilingual floristic-ethnobotanical study of the xerophytic flora of El Olivo
was carried out, which was recorded in a microherbarium to preserve its local use. Interviews werecarried out in Spanish and Hña-Hñu with residents
where common names, uses, plant organs used,photographs, among others, were obtained. A microherbarium was built with 31 species grouped into
19 families and 29 genera, it contains information on
the species in Spanish and Hña-Hñu and is accompanied by the pressed specimen and organized ina handmade book. The microherbarium, containing
the pressed specimen, taxonomic, morphological,
ethnobotanical information and an image of thespecimen, allows for a quick consultation without
the need to have experience in the area, and also401

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helps to preserve the use and management of thespecies in the locality in the regional language andto the development and consultation of future works.

P.0768 Traditional edible
plants from home garden
and ecosystems provide
food for Riacho do Mel
Quilombola Community,
Brazilian Northeast

P.0769 An updated
inventory of the cultivatedplants of Cuba
Miguel Esquivel1, Karl Hammer2
1 National Center for Laboratory Animal Production,
CENPALAB, Havana, Cuba. 2 The Leibniz Institute of
Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.

Rodrigo Mortari1, Consuelo L.N. Andrade1,
Nildon C.S. Pitombo1, Abel A. Conceição1
1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feirade Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
The knowledge of traditional edible plants benefits
the subsistence of the people to meet an adequate
nutrition, especially in local rural communities, as quilombolas communities in Northeast of Brazil. Thus, ourobjective was to survey the edible plants used as traditional food in Riacho do Mel Quilombola Community(Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Northeast Brazil)
to evaluate the plant parts used and to identify theenvironment where these plants can be obtained.
We interviewed 21 informants from Riacho do Mel Quilombola Community who cited 83 species (495 citations) which were grouped into eight plant parts categories (root, stem, cladode, leave, flower, fruit, seed,
and oil) found in four environments (home garden,
carrasco [forest], gerais [savanna], and caatinga).
Fruit was the main plant part used (75%), followed byleave (18%) and cladode (4%). Fruit and cladode werethe unique parts used that can be get in the four environments, while root, stem and leave parts were exclusive from home garden, which was the environment
with the most diversified plant parts used (six). The
most frequent food acquisition environment was thesavanna (40% [256/640]), followed by home garden(29% [183/640]), forest (26% [166/640]), and caatinga(5% [32/640]). So, the ability to get food from different
species and parts of plants, in three ecosystems andin the home gardens, enable feed supply, showing theimportance of biodiversity and the traditional plantknowledge in the Riacho do Mel Quilombola Community. Our study highlights the savannas, home gardens,
and forests as environments to get traditional food, thesavannas and forests offering a high variety of fruits,
while the home gardens are easier and provide morediversified plant parts and the totality of leave supply,
the second plant part most cited by informants.

As a result of the exploration, collection and systematic study of plant genetic resources in Cuba fromthe 80s of last century, an unexpected diversity was
discovered, that arose from the combination of varied
ecological conditions throughout the Cuban archipelago, as well as the influence of diverse cultural groups
that have made up the Cuban ethnos along centuries. An Inventory of Cultivated Plants in Cuba (ICPC)
was compiled in 1992, that includes 1,045 taxa, from 531
genera and 117 families, associated to 727 synonyms
and 1,671 folk names. In the last three decades, numerous actions have been carried out related to thespheres of agricultural production, the environment,
health and popular religions, among others, whichhave involved the intensive use of new and diverse
plant species. This information has allowed us to update the ICPC with 167 new taxa, belonging to 65 families and 131 genera, which adds 18 new families and 72
new genera, as well as 62 new synonyms and 268 new
folk names. The current figure of the ICPC amounts to
1,212 taxa, belonging to 603 genera and 135 families,
which has 789 associated synonyms and 1,939 common names. Many of the new species included are not
only new reports of cultivated plants in Cuba, since 89of the new 167 reported taxa (53 %), are not includedin the Mansfeld’s World Database of Agricultural andHorticultural Crops. Very interesting is the presence on
15 endemic taxa from Cuba, that reflex the very wideused made of natural plants resources. These results
have made it possible to recommend that Central
America and the Caribbean be considered as a new
extended region of cultivated plant diversity.

P.0770 Vanilla genetic
resources from Cuba

402

Miguel Esquivel1, Thaisbel Esquivel1, Edgar
López Herrerea2
1 National Center for Laboratory Animal Production,
Havana, Cuba. 2 Autonomous University Chapingo,
Texcoco, México. elopezh@chapingo.mx

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The Vanilla genus is represented in Cuba by a totalof 11 species, of which nine grow in the wild, and two(V. planifolia and V. pompona) are mainly cultivatedin collections. The first reports of Vanilla in Cuba weremade by Alexander von Humboldt, who during his
first trip to Cuba in 1800, found it growing in the surroundings of Havana, but did not publish it until after
visiting Mexico years later. Ramon de la Sagra y Periz,
Director of the Botanical Garden of Havana, promoted its cultivation without success. Juan Tomas Roig y
Mesa, at the Agronomic Experimental Station of Santiago de Las Vegas, studies its cultivation in detail already in the second half of the 20th century, without
it becoming a crop of economic importance. In conjunction with the Autonomous University Chapingo
and Veracruzana University, among other Mexican
entities, and the support of the Spanish companies
Eyaika Salnés and Fabrez, a project for the collection,
maintenance and evaluation of Vanilla genetic resources in Cuba is being developed, with a view to
its potential use in the gastronomic, biotechnology
and cosmetics industries. To date, we are working
with five Vanilla species (V. dilloniana, V. phaeantha,
V. planifolia, V. poitaei, and V. pompona), which aremaintained and multiplied in vitro and in vivo. Other Cuban institutions such as the National Botanical
Garden and the Soroa Orchid Garden, among others,
participate in the project, with whom a Germplasm
Bank of the species present in Cuba is organized. Preliminary results are presented.

P.0771 Eleven millennia oflandscape and peatland
vegetation dynamics inthe Xistral Mountains (NW
Spain)
Álvaro Hernando Bartolomé1*, Álvaro
Moreno Martín1, Saúl Manzano Rodríguez2,
Antonio Martínez Cortizas3, Lourdes
López-Merino1

sponses to environmental disturbances is key for effective management. Palaeoenvironmental researchin these peatlands have focused on ombrotrophic
mires (bogs), revealing climate- and human-induced
vegetation changes during the Holocene. However,minerotrophic mires (fens) in the region remain understudied, despite their sensitivity to local environmental changes, often linked to slope processes. Our
study presents the results of a palynological study ofa fen, supported by geochemical and charcoal records, along with radiocarbon dating. Results indicatethat the landscape was dominated by a grassland at
the onset of the Holocene, transitioning to deciduous
Quercus forests around 10.4-9.0 cal. kyr BP, coeval tothe establishment of the fen. Wildfires were recurrent
during this period. From 9.0 cal. kyr BP, Betula and Corylus joined the tree assemblages, and Sphagnum
became a crucial peatland species. At 4.7 cal. kyr BP,
both the forest and the Sphagnum-dominated peatland stability were disturbed as attested by increased
values of Calluna vulgaris, Ericaceae, and Cyperaceae. This change is coeval with an episode of rapid
sedimentation of coarse sands, indicating an abruptchange in slope dynamics, followed by an increase in
the fire regime that lasted until 3.2 cal. yr BP. Despite
the partial recovery of Sphagnum after this fire episode, increased fire recurrence at 2.5-1 cal. kyr BP led
to a subsequent decrease. While the last millennium is
not reconstructed as a pyrogenic phase, Sphagnum
recovery is not detected, possibly linked to indicatorsof recurrent soil erosion impacting the fen. Further
analysis is needed to understand the role of fire disturbance and soil erosion on Sphagnum-dominatedfens to prevent their damage.

P.0772 Medicinal andfood potential of endemic
species from the Natural
Municipal Park of Niterói(PARNIT) - Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil

1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Universidad de León, León, Spain. 3 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago deCompostela, Spain.*alvahe06@ucm.es.
The Xistral Mountains host a significant cover and diversity of peatlands that act as active carbon sinks insouthwestern Europe. However, these peatlands arereceding due to anthropogenic pressures. Consequently, understanding peatland dynamics and re-Andre Hoffmann1, Adriana Q. Lobão1,
Odara H. Boscolo1, Selma R. de Paiva1
1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade
Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Plants represent a valuable source of substances
beneficial to human health, and their importance asfood and therapeutic resources is noteworthy. The
Brazilian flora, the richest in the world, has been dras-403

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tically reduced, mainly due to human actions. With
increasing global environmental impacts, a significant portion of biodiversity is being lost before it iseven known to science. Protected areas, especiallythose located in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, face
obstacles stemming from both the lack of knowledge about the species that make up these plantcommunities and the scarcity of biological and ethnobotanical data that indicate potential medicinal
and food uses of this flora. In this sense, the present study aimed to develop a floristic inventory for
the Niterói Municipal Natural Park (PARNIT) - Rio deJaneiro, Brazil, focused on evaluating the medicinal
and food potential of native species from the Atlantic Forest. The inventory was conducted throughsurveys in herbaria and field collections carried out
in the Park. Identified species were categorized interms of their potential for medicinal and food uses,
habitus, cultivation data, and conservation status,with the aim of calculating the Medicinal and Food
Potential Value (MFPV) associated with them. Prior
to the study, 131 species were known for the entire
area of PARNIT. After the survey, there are 427 species recorded for the area, with 221 being endemic
to Brazil. A total of 97 families of vascular plants were
found, with Fabaceae (40) as the largest in termsof diversity, while Myrtaceae (31) scores higher when
only endemic species are considered. Preliminary
assessments of species’ MFPV evidentiate the local
flora’s potential to integrate Living Pharmacies andprovide new, sustainable options for small farmers,
positively impacting life quality for the populationand the quality of ecosystem services provided.

P.0773 Paeonia in Kosovo:
A comprehensive study on
distribution, habitats andthreats
Elez Krasniqi1, Naim Berisha1, Fadil Millaku1
1 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
As part of our ongoing research into the flora andvegetation of Kosovo (2000-2023), we have undertaken numerous research expeditions. Based on our
research, within the floristic diversity of Kosovo, thegenus Paeonia L. is distinguished by the presence of
three species: Paeonia officinalis L, Paeonia mascula(L.) Mill. and Paeonia peregrina Mill. According to theinformation available to us, these species are distributed in the vertical profile from the hilly mountain-

ous region to the mountainous-subalpine region.
They grow on different substrates, more frequently
on limestone and silicate, less frequently on serpentine substrates. The plant species P. peregrina and
P. mascula were found in several locations in Kosovo, in the hilly mountainous region, mainly in deciduous forests and less frequently in grasslands. The
species P. officinalis was found in Kosovo (in several
places in the Pashtriku Mt.) in the mountainous-subalpine region, mainly in deciduous forests and subalpine pastures. All three plant species are under thenegative influence of the anthropogenic factor due
to their ornamental merits. The above-mentioned
species of the genus Paeonia have been evaluatedaccording to the IUCN criteria in the Red Book of the
Vascular Flora of the Republic of Kosovo.

P.0774 Habitat andecology of Agavegenus (Asparagaceae:
Agavoideae) in Bahoruco
Mountains, Dominican
Republic
Berleni V. Lebrón Liriano1,2, Edmundo
García Moya1, Mireya Burgos Hernández1,
Jorge Nieto Sotelo3
1 Postgrado de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Estado de México, México. 2 Herbario Dr. Henri
Alain Liogier, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez
Ureña, Santo Domingo, México. 3 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Ciudad de México, México.
The species of the Agave genus, endemic to theAmerican continent, are ecologically important due
to its soil retention capacity, its adaptation to xerophytic conditions, its association with some animals
like mammals and birds, its association with other plants, and the uses humans have been giving
them, principally. The objectives of this study are tocharacterize the habitat and determine the ecological variables influencing the growth of Agave
species in the Bahoruco Mountains, a biodiversity
hotspot in the Caribbean region located on the Hispaniola Island. For this, we considered the variablesof soil, topography, temperature, relative humidity,
wet bulb globe temperature, barometric pressure,dominant vegetation, anthropogenic impacts seenin the area, forest status, elevation, vegetation cover percentage and luminance of localities where404

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Agave species were found. We performed principal
component, factor, and correlation analysis for all
ecological variables. Our results showed microclimate variations between the localities in Bahoruco
Mountains, such as temperature, topography andelevation, that may be influencing the species distribution in the protected area, although the similarity
between vegetation is highly dominated by Pinus
occidentalis. The principal soil components wereexplained by potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus
content. Also, we found a high correlation between
some soil components such as potassium/copper,
potassium/manganese, and nitrogen/zinc. Morestudies are still needed to identify a distribution pattern of Agave species along the Bahoruco Mountains that will allow us to understand its relationshipwith continental species.

most diverse with 13 species. The useful species withthe highest Aristolochia odoratissima, Pseudobombax millei, Annona muricata, Bacharis genistelloides,
Handroanthus chrysanthus and Trialis cumingiana.
The most important uses were medicinal, food andornamental, mainly using leaves (34%), stems (27%),
fruits (23%) and flowers (7%), prepared in various forms
such as infusion, food, beverages, cooking and condiments. Cultivated vegetation type accounts for thehighest number of species of ethnobotanical use in
the reserve, followed by scrub and dry forest. The usesof phytodiversity were documented for the families in
the reserve, whose form of conservation and management depend on the family context, mainly influenced and supported by their traditional knowledge.
Note: This abstract was translated using IA.

P.0776 How best to survey
modern vegetation to
backcast palaeocologicalecosystem functioning? An
example from NW Spain

P.0775 Ethnobotany in
the Churute-Guayas
mangroves ecologicalreserve, as a contribution
to the conservation ofphytodiversity

Saúl Manzano Rodríguez1*, Álvaro Moreno
Martín2, Álvaro Hernando Bartolomé2,
Rosina Magaña Ugarte2, Rosario G.
Gavilán2, Martyn P. Waller3, Kerry A.
Brown3, Antonio Martínez Cortizas4,
Lourdes López-Merino2

Sirli Leython Chacón1, Antonio Caicedo2
1 Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Herbario Misael Acosta Solís (AMAS), Universidad Técnica deAmbato, Ecuador. 2 Profesional de ejercicio libre deprofesión, Ecuador.
The Churute Mangrove Ecological Reserve (REMCH)
was the first mangrove protected area on the Ecuadorian coast (1979), and with the largest area nationally at 49,389 hectares. It is an ecosystem sensitive
to anthropogenic intervention. However, despite its
importance for conservation, little ethnobotanical research has been carried out on the communities settled there. Therefore, this study focused on documenting the forms of use of ethnobotanically important
species and thereby establishing a list of categories
and interactions that will allow conservation strategies
to be established for the most vulnerable species. Participatory research techniques, key informant surveys
and interviews, participant observations and ethnobotanical collections were applied. The data were analysed with statistical tests of abundance and diversity,and a species similarity index will be considered according to their uses. A total of 147 plant species mentioned by informants were recorded, corresponding
to 63 botanical families, with Leguminosae being the

1 Universidad de León, León, Spain. 2 Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames,
UK. 4 CRETUS, EcoPast, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
*saul.manzano@unileon.es.
Peatlands are priority protection habitats within European legislation, characterised and typified undervarious European directives, such as Natura 2000,
based on their unique flora. The flora serves as anindicator, reflecting time-transgressive pedogenic
processes that led to peat accumulation, shaping
these distinctive ecosystems. Consequently, vegetation surveys stand as one of the first steps in recognising them as conservation targets. Despite theirsignificance, surveying peatlands poses challenges, primarily due to environmental factors operating at different spatial scales, that result in complex
vegetation mosaics. Variables such as the location
within the drainage network, microtopography, andthe composition of vegetation itself influence the405

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intricacy of plant microhabitats, complicating theendeavour to recover a representative survey of a
specific peat-forming environment. Moreover, thewaterlogged nature of peatlands adds complexity
to the task, making them difficult to survey at times.
Therefore, a detailed survey becomes imperative
for accurate estimates of plant richness and abundance. Here, we present findings derived from aseasonal (spring and autumn) modified point quadrat survey methodology applied to the floristically unique peatlands of the Xistral Mountains (Lugo,NW Spain), dominated by the local endemic Carexdurieui. Despite being a labour-intensive approach,this method has previously demonstrated its efficacy in reconstructing ecological properties over palaeoecological timescales. We calculate biodiversity
metrics, identify patterns within the studied region,and further discuss the results within the frameworkof previous studies on Erico mackaianae-Sphagnion
papillose peatlands, performed using other, less labour-intensive, vegetation survey methodologies.
Acknowledgments: This research is part of a broader initiative (PALAEOFUN project, Ref.: PID2020115580RB-I00) focused on reconstructing the longterm ecological functioning of peatlands through amodern-calibration approach using plant functional
traits. The aim is to contribute valuable insights into theintricate functioning of peatlands over time, fostering
a deeper understanding of these vital ecosystems.

P.0777 Provisional inventoryof the vascular flora of theAlto Turia Biosphere Reserve(E Spain)
Berta Miralles1, Javier Fabado1, Anna
Nebot1, Jesús Riera1, Jaime Güemes1
1 Jardí Botànic de la Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
A provisional list of the vascular flora taxa present in
the Alto Turia Biosphere Reserve is the first step to provide a tool in order to facilitate the management ofplant biodiversity in the subject area. We started fromthe data obtained from the Biodiversity Data Bankof the Valencian Community, which contains bibliographic and plant occurrence information. In parallel, we explored the herbaria with the largest numberof collections in the area, highlighting the Herbariumof the University of Valencia (VAL). A critical revisionof all the herbarium specimens and an update of thenomenclature is carried out, as well as the last time a
specimen was observed or collected. This resulted ina preliminary list of the flora of the reserve, composedof 1200 taxa of vascular flora. Each taxon has been
assigned its category of protection and its degree ofrarity or uniqueness in the territory, according to thenumber of populations found in the reserve as well as
its origin i.e. if it is a native or alien taxon and in thelatter case its invasive potential. We have also noted
those taxa considered crop wild relatives (CWR) present in the reserve. All this allows us to draw up lists oftaxa in order of priority, review their threat category or
prevent the possible spread of invasive alien species.
In addition, an analysis of areas with hardly any floristic
data has been carried out in order to prospect in the
future and complete the chorological information of
the vascular flora of the reserve.

P.0778 Drivers of understory
vegetation composition
after novel silvicultural
treatments in Canadianboreal forests
Marion Noualhaguet1, Enrique
Hernández-Rodríguez1, Miguel Montoro
Girona1,2
1 Universidad du Quebec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue,
Rouyn-Noranda, Canada. 2 Universidad de Huelva,
Huelva, Spain.
Ecosystem-based management uses a wide diversity of harvesting practices to maintain forest ecosystem integrity by reducing differences between
natural and managed forests. The success of thisapproach requires comprehensive assessments offorest community regeneration dynamics after harvesting. Understory vegetation plays a critical rolein forest regeneration due to its major implications
in biotic and abiotic interactions and is directly impacted by harvest. To guarantee the maintenanceof biodiversity, a clear and long-term understandingof understory vegetation evolution post-harvest is
crucial. We examined the impacts of novel harvesting patterns, in terms of intensity and spatial configuration of stem removal, over 18 years post-harvest,
on understory vegetation diversity and composition
in young and old stands of the Eastern Canadianboreal forests. Path analyses were used to assess
the indirect impact of harvesting via soil substrate,
light condition, live and dead wood covering a pe-

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riod of one year before and 18 years after harvesting. The understory vegetation was divided into thethree layers: bryophytes, herbaceous and shrubs.
Our analyses revealed that the effects of harvesting patterns on understory diversity were positiveor negative depending on the layer, diversity scale(richness, common and dominant species), timeafter harvest, and stand age. The path analysis revealed that soil substrate was a driver of understory
community changes across the 18 years post-harvest. However, herbaceous and shrub communities’changes were mostly explained by the precedingunderstory composition, especially by bryophytes.
These results highlight the complex biotic and abiotic interactions among understory species, underscoring the importance of considering both
environmental factors and pre-existing understory
composition when guiding sustainable forest management strategies aimed at balancing economic
interests with ecological conservation.

P.0779 Herbarium-based
analysis of the flora of the
Aysén region, Chile: a stateof the art.
Carla Novoa Sepulveda1,2, Gloria Rojas
Villegas2, Alicia Marticorena Garri3
1 Bavarian State Collection for Botany, Bavarian
Natural History Collections, Munich, Germany. 2
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile.
3 Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
The Aysén region in Chile is home to a variety ofhabitats, such as the Patagonian Steppe and theMagellanic subpolar forests. Despite its unique ecosystem in Latin America, the region remains largely
unexplored in terms of its flora. Our objective is toaddress this gap by conducting a floristic analysis of
the Aysén region, and we present the findings fromthe initial phase of our project. This consisted of ananalysis of the geographical distribution of the available herbarium vouchers. Our aims were twofold: i)
to pinpoint areas requiring further sampling, in order
to increase the floristic and vegetational representation across the entire Aysén region; and ii) to study
species distribution in extreme regions. Our analysis
draws upon over 7,000 vouchers collected between
1834 and 2022, stored in the following institutions: the
SGO herbarium at the National Museum of Natural
History in Santiago de Chile, and the CONC herbarium at the Department of Botany of the Universityof Concepción, Chile. Together, these collections
provide the most comprehensive dataset on floristic distribution in the Aysén region available to date.
Our findings reveal that a few percent of the region
is present in collections, underscoring the need for
additional fieldwork. We also provide a list of locations where further investigation is warranted.

P.0780 New records andconservation status of two
endemic species of Croton
from Brazil
Joesili C. P. Oliveira1,2, Karen Y. S.
Contento1,2, Yuri Rossine2,3, Sarah M. AthiêSouza1,4
1 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,
Recife, PE, Brazil.
Croton L. is the second largest genus of Euphorbiaceae Juss., with over 1,200 described species. Brazil is
one of the centers of endemism of the genus Croton, with approximately 300 species distributed in
all of its states and phytogeographic domains, with230 being endemic to the country. Considering thediversity of the genus and the need for taxonomic
and distribution studies of endemic species in Brazil, this work aimed to present two new records ofendemic Croton species, along with estimating theirconservation status. During expeditions in Brazilian
states, visits to Brazilian herbaria, and surveying online databases (SpeciesLink and Reflora), new records of two endemic Croton species were identified. The conservation status of the two species wasestimated using the GeoCAT platform (cell width 2km). Croton imbricatus L. R. Lima & Pirani, was previously considered endemic to the state of Bahia;
however, in the present study, it was recorded in thestate of Minas Gerais, in rocky field vegetation, while
C. burchellii Müll. Arg. had occurrences confirmed
only in the states of Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, andGoiás until now, and in this study, it was recorded in
the state of Bahia in cerrado vegetation. Both species are categorized as Least Concern (LC) concerning extent of occurrence and Endangered (EN)when considering area of occupancy. The resultspresented highlight the importance and necessityof studies with greater sampling for the genus Croton, providing primary data for a better understanding of geographic distribution and conservation ofendemic species.

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P.0781 Changes of theherb community in a highAndean forest, after 23 years
Catalina Quintana1, Renato Valencia1
1 Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito,
Ecuador.
We examined two full censuses of herbs in 1996 and2019 in a one-hectare forest plot at 3300 m elevation on the Pasochoa Volcano, Ecuador. We found
50 species (20 families) and 56 species (23 families)
of vascular plants in the two censuses, respectively.
Orchidaceae in both censuses was the most species rich family. Herbs in 2019, increased >100% (from31119 to 66257) in individuals, even though they cover a similar area in both censuses (8,50% vs. 8.54%).
The Cyperaceae, Uncinia hamata had the highest
Importance Value Index (IVI) for both censuses. Obligately terrestrial herbs increased in 13% by 2019,
fallen climbers and epiphytes, which had rooted
in the ground decreased by 13% in 2019. We tested
the influence of light intensity (LI) and topographic
habitats inside the plot; for both censuses 12% of thespecies were exclusively found in places with highLI, whereas the rest of species grew under medium
to low LI. Between topographic microhabitats (ridge,
slopes, erosion gully) the floristic composition was
relatively uniform. Just a few, rare species (densities<50 individuals/ha), grew exclusively in the erosion
gully and on the slopes. Climate change can influence the colonization and reproduction of new species inside the forest. The forest remnant is a refugeof unique herb species, where 71% of the herb species are presumably rare or not easily found in theirgeographical distribution range.

port the development and efficient application of
the World Conservation Strategy for Nature and theConvention on Biological Diversity. These gardens
and protected areas contain a good representationof the flora and of endangered plant species of Andalusia (South Spain). As centres for conservation,
recovery and reintroduction of wild species, the Network includes 10 botanical and 1 mycological gardens, which take part in the conservation strategyof the Regional Ministry for the Environment and coordinates actions with other regional, national andinternational organizations and institutions. Andalusia’s prime location, between the Atlantic Ocean
and the Mediterranean Sea, as well as between two
different continents, allows for a huge range of ecosystems and environments, with a great variety ofclimates and terrains, where a rich botanical andmycological heritage has developed. The region has
around 4.500 different species of higher plants andaround 2.700 species of fungi. Many of these species are endemic to Andalusia and some of them
are endangered due to several factors. The botanicand mycological gardens contribute to the conservation of this natural heritage. They are organised
according to ecological criteria, to improve awareness, to promote conservation and to exhibit plants
and fungi which make up the Mediterranean Forestof Andalusia. Each of the different gardens in the
network is dedicated to local flora and vegetation,
paying special attention to rare and endangered
flora, in coordination with all the other gardens. The
Mycological Garden is a regional showcase of fungiin Andalusia. The total Network of Botanic Gardens
contains at present a collection of 2.300 different
Andalusian species. This work shows the evolutionof the Andalusian Network of Botanic Gardens overmore than 20 years.

P.0784 Updated Red Lists of
Bulgarian algae

P.0782 20 years of theAndalusian Network of
Botanic Gardens

Maya P. Stoyneva-Gärtner1, Blagoy
Uzunov1, Georg Gärtner2, Miroslav I.
Androv1, Kristian R. Ivanov1

Cristina San José1, Sonia Tobar2, Workteam of the Andalusian Network of
Botanic Gardens1
1 Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Junta de Andalucía, Spain. 2 Consejería deSostenibilidad, Medio Ambiente y Economía Azul,
Junta de Andalucía, Spain.
The Andalusian Network of Botanic Gardens in Natural Areas, started in 2001, is firmly committed to sup-1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, Bulgaria. 2
Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Despite lacking a legislative power, Red Lists arevaluable tools for designating the threatened status of species, which face the risk of extinction andare commonly used to raise the public awareness408

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for their conservation. In Bulgaria, regarding the prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae, two Red Lists havebeen published. First of them was oriented towards
macroalgae and was based on standard IUCN criteria comprising 88 taxa (Temniskova et al. 2008), The
second one was focused on microalgae and useda novel, original method for an objective evaluationof their threatened status and contained 756 taxa
(Stoyneva-Gärtner et al. 2016 a, b). Both published
Red Lists embraced 15% of the total algal diversityof the country with more than 5,500 encounteredspecies (Stoyneva 2014). Currently, both Red Lists
have been re-evaluated according to the criticalreading of the new findings on Bulgarian algae (except diatoms) collected or published during the last
20 and 10 years, respectively. The results from thisre-evaluation and suggested updates are provided
in the present poster. It has to be noted that smallchanges in the formulas reflecting the threatened
status concern only 15 microalgae and 3 macroalgae, which can be accepted as a prove for the reliability and objectiveness of the previously proposed
method and threatened species. In the same time,
finding of more than 60 new for the country microalgae from both aquatic and aeroterrestrial habitats,many of which rare, led to the discussion of theirconservation status. As a result, the updated Red List
was enriched by 36 microalgae from the following
phyla: Cyanoprokaryota, Chlorophyta, Streptophyta,
Ochrophyta, Euglenophyta and Pyrrhophyta.
Acknowledgements: This study is financed by theEuropean Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republicof Bulgaria, Project No BG-RRP-2.004-0008”.

Most flora studies developed in natural forests
tend to focus on woody plants with a defined minimum diameter (2.5 cm), so other important components such as lianas, terrestrial grasses, shrubs
and juvenile individuals of tree species are excluded from sampling and, therefore, from floristic analyze. In this research, we present the contributionof different growth habits in the total terrestrial
species richness in three oak forests dominatedby Quercus humboldtii and located in the northwest of the Eastern Cordillera de Colombia. The
RAP methodology was implemented, recording all
individuals with DAP <2.5 cm, for an area of 0.1 hafor each forest. A total of 769 individuals were recorded distributed in 38 families of angiosperms
with 133 species, for Pteridophytes 37 species distributed in 10 families. Trees represented between
13 and 27% of the total richness, while non-tree
species represented between 74 and 87% of thetotal richness, which shows their importance in thecomposition, structure and diversity of the oak forests studied. The results obtained here are similar
to those presented by other authors and support
the proposal of including individuals with diameters different from those established in traditional methodologies in order to more accurately
estimate the total species richness. The diversity
found is directly related to the sampled diameters, allowing us to know all the life forms present
in a forest, which is an indispensable instrumentfor decision-making in generating policies for theconservation and sustainable management ofAndean forests.

P.0785 Floristic differences
between growth habits
in montane forests ofColombia
Diego Suescún Carvajal1, Heidy C. Caro
Ayala1, Susana Arango Carvajal2, Boris
S. Villanueva Tamayo3, Fernando Álzate
Guarín2
1Universidad industrial de Santander, sede Málaga. Instituto de Proyección Regional y Educacióna Distancia, Málaga, Colombia. 2 Universidad de
Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia. 3 Jardín Botánico de
Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia.

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S.086. INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF
MEDITERRANEAN PLANTS
1 Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.

P.0786 Unveiling the genetic
tapestry: Exploring SNPs in
the Cyclamen genus.
Khalid Aldhuwaib1, Alastair Culham1
1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
Cyclamen is a genus of 23 perennial flowering
plants belonging to the Primulaceae family valued
both horticulturally and evolutionarily. Cyclamen
species are found throughout Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, from the Caucasus to Iran, with
one species found in Somalia. However, despite its
significance, understanding the underlying genetic
diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Cyclamen species remains a challenge. Here, we investigate plastid single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) using paired-end sequencing data in orderto unravel the complex evolutionary relationships
and variation among Cyclamen species. These SNPs
were subjected to strict filtering criteria to ensure
robustness and reliability in subsequent analyses
and to remove low quality and false positive calls.
Our findings could provide pivotal insights for futurestudies and conservation efforts, as well as a deeper understanding of the evolutionary history forming this genus. Phylogenetic methods and network
analyses based on plastid SNPs would enable assessment of genetic structuring and species delimitation concordant with earlier morphological andmolecular classifications.

P.0787 First preliminary
phylogeny of Frankenia
L. (Frankeniaceae) in
Africa and Eurasia, basedon plastid and nuclear
molecular datasets

Frankeniaceae Desv., nom. cons., is a family of
mostly halophytic plants, which was usually accepted to include two to five genera. However,partial molecular phylogenies recovered members of those genera embedded in a single clade
among species of Frankenia, and therefore thelatter is currently accepted to be the only genus in the family. It includes ca 70-80 species
broadly distributed through arid and semiarid areas worldwide, and most taxa belonging
here occur on saline environments (rich in chloride and sulphate compounds), and hence theyshow salt glands on stems, leaves and calyxes.
Scarce phylogenetic data are currently available on Frankenia, the present being perhaps thefirst preliminary approach to the phylogeny of
the family and the genus in Europe, eastern Asia,
and Africa (incl. Macaronesia). Molecular analyses of nuclear ribosomal (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region)and plastid (matK and trnL-F regions) DNA sequence data yield preliminary phylogenies withseveral lineages that fit well with biogeography.
Most South African taxa form a compact cladethat is connected to North African-Iberian taxaof the genus, excepting the outstanding edaphic
specialist F. fruticosa that forms an independent
lineage. The Macaronesian taxa form a compact
clade that relates to some Atlantic taxa of northwestern Africa, all those being sister to a group
including members broadly distributed in northern Africa plus the Mediterranean group of F. laevis s.l. Further, samples of the cosmopolitan annual F. pulverulenta (multiple accessions from awide geographical area) are nested in a cladesister to Mediterranean representatives of thegenus. Beside the ongoing phylogenetic work on
Frankeniaceae, taxonomic research has revealed
several neglected or new species that have been
recently described by the authors, this being apromising way to a better understanding of boththe phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic arrangement of this genus in the studied territories.

Mª Ángeles Alonso1, Jordi Abad1, MarioMartínez Azorín1, José Luis Villar García1,
Manuel B. Crespo1

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P.0788 Crete Island still
surprises: Ornithogalumchristinii, a new species toscience has been discoveredfrom an offshore islet

Hyères, France. 4 Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse, Corte, France. 5 RENECO North Africa,
Rabat, Morocco. 6 RENECO International Wildlife
Consultants, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. 7
EcoGozo Directorate, Victoria, Malta. 8 University of Cagliari, Italy. 9 University of Palermo, Italy. 10
University of Genova, Italy. 11 Montpellier University,
Montpellier, France. 12 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
United Kingdom.

Zacharias Kypriotakis1, Dimitrios
Tzanoudakis2, Eleftheria Antaloudaki3*

Molecular systematics and species delimitation arehighly dependent on phylogenetics. However, incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, polyploidy,
and taxon identification difficulties can combine to
make phylogenetics uncertain. We used the HybSeq methods using the Angiosperms353 bait kit toelucidate the relationships between Romulea taxa
in the Mediterranean. In the first year of the project,
282 accessions from 19 taxa, including narrow endemics and widespread species, were sequenced.
Initial results, based on in silico sequence extraction,
revealed significant phylogenetic conflicts due tothe high level of individual heterozygosity probably
caused by homo or polyploid hybridization. A second
approach, based on variant calling and genotyping
with mixed ploidy levels, revealed a pattern of differentiation with several robust genetic groups, someof which matched with the taxa. This work, currently
in progress, will be complemented with phylogenetic reconstructions using plastid genomes, genome
size estimates, and biometry. This first molecular assessment of the Mediterranean Romulea taxa provides a much improved systematic of these small,
discreet but charismatic geophytes.

1 School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Crete, Greece. 2 Department of
Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. 3 Natural History Museum of Crete – University of Crete,
Crete, Greece. *eri@nhmc.uoc.gr
Ornithogalum christinii (Hyacinthaceae) sp. nov.,
collected from the offshore islet of Agria Gramvousa at the Northwestern Crete, is described and illustrated as a local endemic species, new to science.
It is related to the species Ornithogalum montanum,O. atticum and O. pumilum, however, it can be distinguished from those by having wrinkled and corrugated leaf surface, thickened fruiting pedicels atbase, flexuose rachis of infruitescence and winged
capsules. The relationships between the new species and the aforementioned are discussed and information regarding its ecology, conservation status
and karyotype is also given.

P.0789 Is there a phylogeny
behind this diversity? A
molecular assessmentof Romulea in the
Mediterranean

P.0790 Review ofbenthic microalgae(Bacillariophyceae)
investigations along the
Adriatic Sea coasts

Alex Baumel1, Frédéric Médail1, Anouar
Toumi1, Cécile Chemin1, Manon Candas1,
Virgile Noble2, Henri Michaud2, Katia
Diadema2, Germain Waroquier2, Annie
Aboucaya3, Alain Delage4, Lisandru
Leandri4, Mathieu Chambouleyron5,
Jean-François Léger5,6, Stephen
Mifsud7, Andrea Lallai8, Gianluca Iiriti8,
Gianniantonio Domina9, Gabriele
Casazza10, Baptiste Pierre11, Juan Viruel12

Ana Car1*, Aydin Kaleli2, Iris Dupčić Radić1,
Dubravka Hafner3
1 Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia. 2 Departmentof Marine and Freshwater Resources Management,
Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 3 Bartulovići 4, HR-20357 Blace, Croatia. *ana.car@unidu.hr
The microphytobenthic community plays a central ecological role within the aquatic ecosystem
by regulating nutrients and oxygen flow at the water-substrate interface and contributing significant-1 Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France. 2 Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen,
Hyères, France. 3 Parc National de Port-Cros,411

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ly to primary production. The benthic microalgae are
generally dominated by diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) which colonises the surface sediment layer (2-3mm thick), characterized by strong chemical-physical gradients. Distinct groups among diatoms are
based on sediment typology and include Epipelon(diatoms that live on the sediment), Epipsammon(sand-grain-adhering diatoms) and Epiphyton (diatoms residing on other photosynthetic organisms).
In recent years, the discovery of numerous species
in coastal marine waters through the applicationof light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has improved our understandingof diatom communities in different coastal environments. This review aims to consolidate and update knowledge on Mediterranean benthic diatoms
with contribution from the Adriatic Sea, synthesizing findings from studies conducted over the past
33 years. This study systematically analyzes literature data, presents distribution patterns, and compiles a checklist of more than 800 diatom species
belonging to 162 genera in the Adriatic. Focused on
the reviewed literature, our study highlights gaps inknowledge, emphasizing areas requiring further investigation. Our literature review uncovered a scarcity of studies in the southern Adriatic coastal waters
before 2008, with a lack of continuous observations
over extended periods. The evolving systematics
of diatoms have led to numerous synonyms andtaxonomic transfers, underscoring the need forcontinual updates. The checklist, incorporating thelatest data, will serve as a valuable reference for researchers. However, maintaining and expanding thisresource over time is crucial for tracking changes
in microphytobenthic taxa and deepening our understanding of coastal ecosystem ecology. Despiteover three decades of research, a comprehensive
understanding of the composition and spatial distribution of benthic diatoms in the Mediterranean,
sub-basin of the Adriatic Sea remains elusive.

P.0791 Understanding
the distribution
and morphologicaldifferentiation of native
species of alder (Alnus Mill.)in the Iberian Peninsula
Macarena Cuerdo1, José Ignacio
Márquez-Corro2, Francisco Lara1,3,

Ricardo Garilleti4, Ilia J. Leitch2, Eduardo
Cires5,6, David G. del Olmo1, Alba Romero7,
Carmen Andrés7, Eduardo Ballesteros8,Álvaro Prado9, Juan A. Calleja1,3
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, United
Kingdom. 3 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4 Universidad de Valencia,
Valencia, Spain. 5 Instituto de Recursos Naturalesy Ordenación del Territorio, Mieres, Spain. 6 Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 7 Madrid, Spain. 8
Alcalá de Henares, Spain. 9 Paracuellos del Jarama, Spain.
The riparian environments of the Iberian Peninsula
host a remarkable richness of plant communities,
typically characterised by the predominance of asingle species. In the case of alder groves, while inWestern Europe are dominated by Alnus glutinosa(L.) Gaertn., in the Iberian Peninsula, the species recently described A. lusitanica Vít, Douda & Madák,
appears to be more common. Based on scatteredsampling, A. lusitanica might be the prevalent alder in the western and southern regions of the Iberian Peninsula, whereas A. glutinosa has been recorded in scattered locations in the Pyrenees (Vítet al, 2017) and in the Cantabrian Range (Sannaet al. 2023). Vít et al. (2017) have also noted somemorphological differences, although both species
seem to be reliably distinguishable only by theirploidy levels: A. lusitanica is tetraploid and A. glutinosa is diploid. The previous studies consider
only part of the Iberian range of the alder forests.
Therefore, we aim to improve the knowledge on:1) the detailed distribution of both species in the
Iberian Peninsula; 2) the morphological differentiation of A. glutinosa and A. lusitanica; and 3) the
detection of putative hybrids (triploids), as has
been demonstrated for other Alnus species (Šmídet al., 2022). For these purposes, alder fresh andherbaria samples have been obtained from theentire Alnus’s range in the Iberian Peninsula plus
additional sites from other European regions. Ploidy levels of samples have been analysed by flow
cytometry. Likewise, a morphometric study has
been carried out considering 26 variables and ratios. Preliminary results indicate a west - east geographic distribution of A. lusitanica and A. glutinosa respectively.
References: Sanna, M., et al. (2023). Naturalia Cantabricae, 11(3), 41-52; Šmíd, J., et al. (2022). Eur J
Forest Res141, 641–648; Vít, P., et al. (2017). TAXON,
66(3), 567-583.

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P.0792 Sarcocornia pruinosaand Sarcocornia fruticosa:
taxonomical, ecological,
and morphological featuresof two misunderstoodspeciesGümüş4, Arzu Huseynova4, Validae
Alizade4
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Forest Development Service under the Ministry of Ecology andNatural Resources of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan.
3 Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of
Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan. 4 Institute of Botany,
Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan. 4 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of
Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan.

Vicenta de la Fuente1, Claude Lemmel2,
Esteban Ramírez1, Irene Sánchez-Gavilán1,
Daniel Sánchez-Mata3, Nuria Rodríguez4,
Ricardo Amils5
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Atlas-sahara.org, Boudnib Morocco. 3 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4
Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
5 Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
Our study evaluates the taxonomical, ecological, andmorphological disparities between Sarcocornia pruinosa and Sarcocornia fruticosa, two species within thegenus Sarcocornia. Confusion between these species
has been prevalent in the scientific literature covering
the Mediterranean and Atlantic territories of Western
Europe and North Africa. Notably, Sarcocornia fruticosa has been incorrectly referenced in scientific literature for the southwestern Iberian territories, including
Spain and Portugal. However, a comprehensive analysis of taxonomical, molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics has established that Sarcocornia pruinosa is the correct species for these areas.
We provide a key including micromorphological characters for Sarcocornia species frequently misidentified. Furthermore, our study updates the geographic
range of these species covering northern Africa, eastern Mediterranean territories, and the coastal zones ofWestern Sahara.

P.0793 Biological legacy,
challenges, opportunities,
and future perspective forplant diversity in Caucasia:
The ase of Maleae tribe(Rosaceae)
Ali A. Dönmez1, Vahid Farzaliyev2, Vugar
Karimov3, Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın1, Shehla

The Caucasus is globally recognized as one of
the most important regions in terms of species
diversity. Extensive habitat diversity, hosting various types of climates, and being a meeting pointof various floral and faunal provinces are contributing to the glamorous biodiversity of the region.
Azerbaijan is the largest part of the Caucasuswith an 86,600km2 area. Beyond its geographicalexpanse, the country stands out as a cradle of
the Caucasian biodiversity since its extraordinarily diverse habitats range from semi-desert areas
around the Caspian Sea to humid subtropicalforests in Hirkan National Park. One of the mostnoteworthy endeavors in the Caucasus has been
the exploration of its flora within the frameworkof the Flora of the U.S.S.R. term, resulting in significant revisions culminating in the volumes ofthe flora. The local botanists and the plant hunters from abroad have continued to discoveries in
the region. Presently, ongoing conservation studies, local floristic research, taxonomic revisions,and other studies, especially at the national level
have contributed to a deeper understanding of
the floristic diversity of the region. Considering
tremendous developments in digitizing historicalscientific documents and increased accessibility to scientific materials, such as type specimens
and other original materials, identification, andtypification of the taxa have become more manageable than ever. Furthermore, advancements
in scientific instruments, particularly moleculartechniques for plant taxonomy, enable a moreobjective delineation of taxa compared to traditional taxonomic evaluations. Through extensive
field surveys in Azerbaijan and the evaluation ofcollected specimens, a total of 39 species fromseven genera belonging to the Maleae tribe (Rosaceae) have been identified, with potential new
taxa and new records for the country. Alongside
the taxonomic study, observations on the flora
and the potential threats to this extraordinary
biodiversity area have been discussed.

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P.0794 Relationship between
benthic microalgae andenvironmental variables inseawater lakes (Mljet island,South Adriatic, Croatia)
Iris Dupčić Radić1, Ana Car1, Dubravka
Hafner2

P.0795 From bulbs toblooms: a preliminary
morphological andanatomical revelations of
Crocus chrysanthus Herb.
in Türkiye
Rachel Mollman1, Almıla Çiftçi2,3, Bilge
S. Kaleli 1, Ceyda Yazici1, Levent Şık4,
Osman Erol2

1 Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia. 2 Bartulovići 4,
HR-20357 Blace, Croatia.
The community structure of epilithic microscopic algae (= diatoms; class Bacillariophyceae,
kingdom Chromista) on an immersed artificial
substrate under the influence of different physico-chemical properties was studied in the marine
lakes Malo Jezero and Veliko Jezero (Small Lakeand Great Lake) in Mljet National Park (South Adriatic, Croatia) monthly from April to October 2019.
Biofilm development was studied on two typesof surfaces: Plexiglas and glass. During the study,
glass and Plexiglas slides of the same size 75 mm
x 25 mm x 1 mm were attached to Plexiglas platesof size 50 cm x 30 cm and placed at two depths
in seawater lakes: at the bottom (4 m deep in the
Great Lake and 2 m deep in the Small Lake) and
0.5 m below the water surface at both stations.
Once a month, microscopic slides and Plexiglas
plates were removed from the substrate at both
depths and stations and the taxonomic composition of the benthic diatoms was analysed in thelaboratory of the Institute for Marine and Coastal Research. In order to determine the relationship between the diatom communities and theenvironmental variables, temperature and salinity were measured monthly during the field trips
using a CTD probe (Seabird Seacat 19plus) andseawater samples were taken for the analysis ofphysico-chemical parameters (nitrates, nitrites,
ammonia, phosphates, silicates, oxygen saturation, chlorophyll concentration) in the laboratory.
In the analysed samples, 157 taxa (species andlower taxonomic categories) of diatoms within 51
genera were identified. The largest number of taxa
was found in the following genera: Mastogloia (29taxa), Diploneis (12), Nitzschia (11), Navicula (9),and Amphora and Licmophora (7 taxa each). The
physico-chemical parameters varied significantly
between months and stations and had a major influence on the diatom communities in the periphytic community.

1 Istanbul University, Institute of Science, Istanbul, Türkiye. 2 Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
3 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research, Gatersleben, Germany. 4 Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye.
The Crocus chrysanthus Herb. species complex
is a systematically contentious group of 13 taxa
containing ornamental plants distributed in the
Balkans and Türkiye. This complex contains many
species exhibiting great variation and distinguished by minor features. The fact that these
species boundaries were defined by characters,
especially anther color, tepal shape and stigma
length compared to the anther, which show great
variation even within a single population, is among
the factors resulting in taxonomic problems, although this broad variation also contributes to
its value in the gardening trade as a source ofcountless hybrids and cultivars. Within the scopeof an ongoing project (TÜBITAK 222Z016) the relationships between different populations fromacross their distribution range throughout Türkiye
have been collected and examined both morphologically and anatomically. The initial results
showed that floral characters are variable within
populations as well as between populations. Leaf
anatomy, which was considered useful in crocus
systematics, also found to be questionable forthis group. The upcoming phases of this projectwill add molecular and cytological investigations
to these initial results with the aim of resolving therelationships between taxa and eliminating thetaxonomic confusion among the species of the
C. chrysanthus species complex.

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P.0796 Taxonomy,
phylogeny, and diversityof the genus Phlox(Polemoniaceae)
Carolyn J. Ferguson1, Mark H. Mayfield1
1 Herbarium and Division of Biology, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, USA.
Phlox is the largest genus of the family Polemoniaceae, with over 60 species distributed mostly inNorth America. The genus exhibits intriguing morphological and ecological diversity, and polyploidy
is widespread (including cytotypic variation in somespecies). These factors have confounded taxonomy, but a present framework enables further development of the genus as a system for evolutionary study. Here we present an overview of diversity
in the genus, with context in terms of phylogenetic data and the Flora of North America treatment.
We discuss several examples of cryptic (or at least,
previously underappreciated) diversity, relating topolyploidy, undescribed taxa, disjunct distributions,and rare species. Finally, we outline some priorities
for ongoing study in this group.

P.0797 Leiothrix(Eriocaulaceae) since theFlora do Brasil 2020: microand macro-evolutionary
history
Ana M. Giulietti-Harley1, Patrícia L. Ribeiro1
2, Daniele M. Silva1, Lamarck Rocha3, MariaJ. G. de Andrade4
1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do
Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil. 3 Instituto Nacional do Semiárido, Campina Grande,Brazil 4 Universidade do Estado da Bahia, PauloAfonso, Brazil.
The genus Leiothrix includes 38 species in SouthAmerica, with the greatest diversity occurring in theCampo Rupestre of the Espinhaço mountain range(ER) of Brazil. Most species are micro-endemics andconsidered in danger of extinction due to habitat
loss. The Flora do Brazil laid out our knowledge ofthe taxonomy of the genera and suggested variouslines of future study. Today, studies on species de-limitation, phylogenetics, biogeography and cytogenetics are revealing both new taxa and the evolutionary history of the group. The phylogeny (37 taxa
of Leiothrix and eight other genera) was inferredusing nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastidial (trnL-trnF,
psbA-trnH and rpl32-trnL) markers. The dating of
Leiothrix used secondary data inferred from Eriocaulaceae. Leiothrix is monophyletic, sister group to
Syngonanthus and is characterized by striate seeds
and a gynoecium with a column where the nectariferous and stigmatic branches diverge at different
heights. The Leiothrix lineage originated ca. 45 Mya.
and probably occurred in the mountains of northernof South America, becoming widely distributed until
the early Oligocene, when it geographically divided
into two lineages. One in the ER of Minas Gerais, diverging first at the start of the Miocene, but retaining
its distribution principally in this area, with microendemic species. The other lineage started to diverge
during the Mid-Myocene, but reached a wider distribution, with species occurring in the area of the
ER of Bahia, but also, in the “tepuis” and the coastal“restingas”. In this lineage, the delimitation of L. angustifolia reveals four evolutionary units, elucidating
the biogeography of widely distributed taxa within
the genus. Chromosome counts suggests that polyploidy and especially disploidy act as important
evolutionary mechanism in the genus. Thus, environmental requirements, disjunction, populational
structuring, dispersal capacity and microevolutionary mechanisms are probably at the basis of microendemic diversity of Leiothrix.

P.0798 Cytotaxonomic
investigation of two criticalendemic species Allium
trichocnemis Gay and A.
seirotrichum Ducell. & Mairein Algeria
Thinhinan Khedim1
1 Departement of Biology and Physiology of Organismes, BPO Laboratory. University of Sciences andTechnology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria.
In the Mediterranean region, several species complex and critical groups belong to the Allium section
Brevispatha Valsecchi. Species previously referredto this section are undoubtedly among the mostcryptic and taxonomically difficult to circumscribe.
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to Northern Algeria, namely A. trichocnemis and A.
seirotrichum are examined by morphological andkaryological approaches. Living material was sampled in sites including the loci classici. Morphological measurements were made using characters ofvegetative parts (bulb, leaf) and reproductive structures (umbel, perigone, stamen, pistil and capsule).
Karyomorphometric measurements, karyotype formulas and chromosomal asymmetry parameters
were established. The two studied species sharemany morphological similarities as their small size,
usually hairy leaves, and fibrous bulb tunics withspecies from A. cupanii group (sect. Brevispatha).
Karyological data characterized the two endemic
species, Allium trichocnemis and A. seirotrichum, as
distinct taxa that were well separated from the related A. cupanii and A. hirtovaginatum. The tetraploid
chromosome number 2n = 4x = 32 is reported here
for the first time for the two endemics. Our results
point to the relation between polyploidy and threatened narrow endemics. That is what challenges us
to further cytogenetic and phylogenetic research
for more comprehensive evolutionary trends of thegenus Allium at the whole Mediterranean area.

skipetarum, described in 1959 based on the material collected by Doerfler on ultramafic rocky grasslands near Bardanjolt in Albania. It was identified by
Degen as Balkan endemic, S. tenuifolia, due to thepresence of reticulate old basal leaf sheaths and aninterrupted inflorescence. The species was neglected in Flora Europaea, while in most recent checklists(Euro+Med, World Checklist of Vascular Plants) it wassynonymized with S. insularis. We reconstructed relationships among populations of S. latifolia fromthe central part of the Balkan Peninsula, populations
from ultramafic bedrock in Albania corresponding
to S. skipetarum, and a population of S. insularis from
Sardinia using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs). Our data revealed that the populations growing on ultramafic substrates in Albania
are more closely related to S. latifolia, but are nevertheless distinct and should be recognized as separate species. The genetic differentiation was reflected in morphological differentiation, which led to theconfirmation of the specific status of S. skipetarum.
It is an obligate serpentinophyte and an endemic
Balkan species distributed in northwestern Albania.

P.0800 Malesherbia Ruiz
& Pav. (Passifloraceae):
discovery of an unexpecteddistributional gap in the
Mediterranean-Temperatetransition

P.0799 Neglected diversity
in the Balkans: Sesleriaskipetarum (Poaceae) isa morphologically andgenetically distinct species
Nevena Kuzmanović1, Peter
Schönswetter2, Božo Frajman2, TijanaĐenader1, Romeo Di Pietro3, Ivana
Stevanoski1, Dmitar Lakušić1

Kester Bull-Hereñu1, Carla Novoa
Sepúlveda2

1 Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Belgrade,
Serbia. 2 Faculty of Biology University of Innsbruck,
Innsbruck, Austria. 3 Faculty of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
Sesleria is one of the most species-rich grass genera on the Balkan Peninsula. It is taxonomicallycomplicated due to the frequent hybridisation andpolyploidisation. According to the most recent phylogenetic study, within Sesleria sect. Argenteae threewell defined groups were singled out: Argentea
group, Latifolia group and Robusta group. Membersof the Latifolia group are distributed in Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean and supra-Mediterranean
areas from the Apennine Peninsula to the Caucasus.
The most enigmatic species in this group is Sesleria

1 Laboratorio Flores, Fundación Flores, Santiago,
Chile. 2 Bavarian State Collection for Botany, Bavarian Natural History Collections, Munich, Germany.
We report the extension of the distributional rangeof two Malesherbia species in Chile based on therevision of the plant collection of Professor Jürke
Grau stored at the Munich Herbarium. We noticed
the existence of unknown vouchers of M. linearifolia (Cav.) Pers. and M. lirana Gay that evidence
for the first time the occurrence of these species
in the Maule region in Chile at around 35°S. The
new locations are situated about 100 and 200 km
beyond the species’ previous known southern limit, respectively. Interestingly enough, a third species of Malesherbia, M. humilis Poepp., is known
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one southernmost population in the Maule region
and a similar gap towards the north of about 300
km. It is still not clear whether this distributional
gap is the consequence of a diminished collection effort in the area or a natural biogeographic
disjunction. However, the latter explanation seems
plausible as 34-36°S marks the transition between
Mediterranean (to the north) and temperate (tothe south) climates in Chile. Given that Malesherbia species are adapted to dry environments, it isreasonable that 34°S would represent a natural
climatic barrier for the genus, whereas unusual
xeric spots in the Maule region at 35-36°S could
facilitate the establishment and persistence ofMalesherbia individuals there. These alleged extraordinary arid conditions in the Maule region
could in turn be orographically related to the locally more pronounced longitudinal extent of theAndes, which would provide enhanced rain shadow to the precipitations incoming from the west
and allow a westwards introgression of the Southamerican ‘arid diagonal’ from Argentina. Remarkably, the here addressed southernmost isolated
Malesherbia populations could also represent relict communities that locally survived after the climate transition in the early Holocene when morearid conditions dominated in the region.

P.0801 Taxonomic revisionof Berberidaceae in Ecuador
Carmen Ulloa Ulloa1, Nora H. Oleas2
1 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA. 2 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio
Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica,
Quito, Ecuador.
The family Berberidaceae comprises shrubs, rarely
trees, and also perennial herbs, exhibiting both evergreen and deciduous characteristics. It consists of
13–19 genera and approximately 700 species. While
the family is well represented in the North Temperate Zone, only one genus, Berberis, extends into tropical Africa, Asia, and South America. Berberis stands
as the largest genus within the Berberidaceae, withapproximately 500 species. This poster presents thelatest taxonomic revision of Berberis in Ecuador. We
review specimens collected from across Ecuador’s
distribution range and deposited in herbaria anddigital databases, we aim to address the limited understanding of this group. We identified 15 species,
seven of which are endemic to Ecuador. Additionally,
we provide a key to differentiate these species.

P.0802 The Festuca stricta/
valesiaca complex in the
Alps and Appenines: fillingin the gaps with integrative
taxonomy.
Pallanza Mattia1,2, Foggi Bruno3, Šmarda
Petr4, Rossi Graziano1, Orsenigo Simone1,2
1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 2 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy. 3 Department of
Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 4 Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Festuca subgenus Festuca, commonly known as fineleaved fescues, is a diverse group of grasses that
dominates various xerophytic and alpine communities
across Europe. The shared xerophytic and cryophytic adaptations of this group make individual taxa very
similar, giving fine-leaved fescues the status of one of
the taxonomically most critical groups in Southern Europe. These characteristics also make fine-leaved fescues important in ecological restoration, particularly in
relation to grassland environments. In Italy and neighboring territories, many have dedicated their efforts tounravel the taxonomy and systematics of fine-leaved
fescues. However, the stricta/ valesiaca complex remained inadequately addressed. The stricta/valesiacacomplex comprises nine naturally occurring taxa in the
Alps and Appenines [F. valesiaca Gaudin, F. pseudodalmatica Domin, F. stricta Host subsp. stricta, F. stricta
subsp. trachyphylla (Hack.) Pils, F. stricta subsp. sulcata (Hack.) Pils], 4 of which are endemic to the Alps [F.
bauzanina (Pils) S. Arndt, F. bauzanina subsp. rhaetica S.
Arndt, F. guinochetii (Bidault) S. Arndt, F. ticinensis (Markgr.-Dann.) Markgr.-Dann.]. Species of this group arecharacterized by three separate sclerenchyma strands
in tiller leaves (F. valesiaca, F. stricta subsp. sulcata)which in some species can conflue and form even andunevenly thickened sclerenchyma ring (F. stricta subsp.
trachyphylla, F. stricta subsp. stricta). Our aim so far has
been to revise these taxa and identify clear boundaries
between them utilizing an integrative taxonomy-based
approach that combines morphometry and ploidy
level analysis. While most of the morphological data is
still under processing, preliminary ploidy level analyses
reveal significant gaps in our current knowledge. Flowcytometry analyses have underscored discrepancies
between the actual and expected ploidy levels, highlighting numerous misidentifications of the taxa, particularly in the Apennines subregion.

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P.0803 Leaf architecture
and anatomy of Tilia L.
(Malvaceae): a numericalapproachP.0804 Morphology andnomenclature within
Dianthus ciliatus s.l.
(Caryophyllaceae)

Marysol Ramírez-Díaz1,2, Jorge Gutiérrez3,
Teresa Terrazas1

Ivana Rešetnik1, Ana Terlević1, Ivica
Ljubičić2, Sandro Bogdanović2

1 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 2 Posgrado en
Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 3 Universidad
Autónoma Chapingo, Mexico State, Mexico.

1 Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,
Croatia. 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Systematic anatomy and leaf architecture havesupported the separation of species by using leaf
morphological and anatomical characters, suchas, the arrangement of vascular bundles or the
venation pattern. The genus Tilia (Malvaceae)
consists of approximately 23 species with unclear
boundaries between some of them. The purposeof this work was to find leaf morpho-anatomical
characters that contribute to Tilia species delimitation. Leaves of 11 taxa were collected and theirarchitecture was described using cleared-leaves
and their anatomy using transverse and paradermal sections. Multivariate analyses and agglomerative clustering analysis were performed
to recognized species or species groups. Results
showed that leaves are variable in shape with
first and second order teeth, secondary venation
mostly craspedodromous and well-developed
areole. Leaves were hypostomatic and heterobaric, with three types of midvein. Multivariate
analyses revealed that number of teeth per cm,
tooth base width and the length of the trichomearms with four arms were important characters for species separation. The combination ofcharacters favored the recognition of species.
For example: T. platyphyllos subsp. platyphyllos
is characterized by teeth with narrower bases, T.
mongolica is the only species with a deltoid lamina and without domatia and T. caroliniana subsp.
occidentalis is separated by lamina with 3 teeth
per cm and four-armed stellate trichomes with alength of 296 μm. The characteristics of the leaf
lamina should not be the only ones used in thetaxonomy of the genus; it is proposed to explore
the inflorescence and the fruits.

Dianthus L. is the second largest genus in Caryophyllaceae and comprises more than 330 species
distributed in Eurasia and Africa. The genus represents one of the fastest radiations of flowering
plants, with high diversity in the Mediterranean
Basin, which is a hotspot of European biodiversity.
Many Dianthus species are endemic within thisregion, and among themare several morphologically and taxonomically well-defined groups. Oneof them is the endemic amphi-Adriatic D. ciliatuss.l., which occurs in the Apennine and the Balkan
Peninsulas. Presently, the taxonomic classification designates it as a single species with threemorphologically very similar subspecies: thenominal D. ciliatus Guss. subsp. ciliatus, D. ciliatus subsp. dalmaticus (Čelak.) Hayek and D. ciliatus subsp. medunensis (Beck & Szyszył.) Trinajstić. Despite this classification, numerous validly
published names exist within D. ciliatus s.l., andthe morphological variability within these populations remains largely unexplored. This study
presents a comprehensive morphometric analysis of twenty-seven populations spanning the entire distribution range. Petal limb shape and denticulation, the woody base of the plant, epicalyx
scale’s length and height of the epicalyx itself
turned out to be the most informative charactersin distinguishing the investigated populations of
D. ciliatus s.l. Based on significant differences inmorphological characters, a new identification
key is offered. Moreover, the typification of fivenames belonging to D. ciliatus s.l. is provided.

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P.0805 Integrative
taxonomy approachof the genus Oxalis L.
(Oxalidaceae) in Argentina

ue to collect data and analyze the results combining all the sources of information to make inferences
about the evolutionary history and make contributions to the biogeographic history of the genus.

Agostina B. Sassone12, Sonia Rosenfeldt3,
Marta Bianchi4, Marisa G. Bonasora5, M. Lis
Echeverría1, Alicia López Méndez1,6
1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina. 2 Leibniz
Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research,
Leipniz, Germany. 3 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y
Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires,
Argentina. 4 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina. 5 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos
Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 6 Consejo Nacional deInvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
The genus Oxalis L. (Oxalidaceae) is cosmopolitan
and includes ca. 500 species that live from sea level to the snow line and in all climates, including annual herbs, woody shrubs, cushions, and vines. They
may have tubers, rhizomes, or bulbs. Currently, in
Argentina, 67 species are recognized. We are bringing together diverse sources of evidence to achievea large-scale diversity analysis of the genus Oxalis.
Our final aim is to generate a stable classificationthat reflects the evolutionary relationships of the Oxalis taxa currently distributed in Argentina, using an
integrative taxonomy approach to make inferences
about the evolutionary history and make contributions to the biogeographic history of the genus. So
far, we reunited new data on 1. micro-morphology
of pollen grains (5 sp.), and orbicules (15 sp.), and 2.
herkogamy (6 sp., 22 populations) and, 3. cytogenetics (cytomixis in 1 sp). As preliminary results, 1. thestudy of pollen and orbicules reinforces the hypothesis of the current sections; .2. within the analyzed
populations, the three morphotypes and, to a lesser
extent, plants with semihomostyly were recorded. In
some populations, there are significant differencesamong the frequencies of floral forms. The low frequency of some of the morphotypes, together withthe presence of intermediate morphotypes (semihomostyly), would indicate a transition process fromtristyly to distyly in some populations; 3. the alternation of normal interfaces with irregular divisions,
together with cytomixis, could limit the diversity ofreports for the number of chromosomes and constitute one of the probable mechanisms of polyploidization within the genus, so its study is of interest in
the context of the integrative taxonomy. We contin-

P.0806 Preliminary
insights into the diversityof Pampean Zephyrantes(Amaryllidaceae)
Juan M. Goyenetche1, Cecilia M. Acosta1,
Rosa L. Scaramuzzino1, Silvia C. ArroyoLeuenberguer2, Agostina B. Sassone3,4
1 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional delCentro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Azul, Argentina. 2 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET-ANCEFN), Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3 Facultadde Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar
del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina. 4 Leibniz Instituteof Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK),
Gatersleben, Germany.
Subfamily Amaryllidoideae is one of the three within
the family Amaryllidaceae and is of great economic
importance. The genus Zephyranthes Herb. includes
ca. 170 species, currently circumscribed to 7 subgenera. Most of the species and subgenera have acontroversial taxonomy, and taxa circumscription
has been a source of confusion for various reasons. We have focused our studies on species of thesubgenera Zephyranthes, Habranthus (Herb.) Nic.
García, and Neorhodophiala a Nic.García & Meerow,
sympatrically distributed in the Pampas grasslandof South America. The final aim of this research isto present a multidisciplinary study of Pampean
Zephyranthes to define the number of species, contributing to a better knowledge of the genus. Morphological and genomic analyses were conducted.
We performed phenetic analyses including 81 specimens on the base of 28 vegetative and reproductive
morphological characters (three qualitative and 25
quantitative) analyzed with Principal Coordinates
analysis. Furthermore, 25 individuals were gathered,and we inferred their phylogeny and genomic structure based on GBS (Genotyping-by-sequencing)loci. Our morphological results show that the analyzed species can be differentiated on the base of
the selected features. also included different populations to investigate variation within species but
no clear morphological features were found among
them. When exploring genomic data, Z. barrosiana(Hunz. & DiFulvio) S.C.Arroyo, Z. bifida (Herb.) Nic.

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García & Meerow, Z. minima Herb, and Z. tubispatha(L’Hér.) Herb. resulted monophyletic. As regards, genomic structure, Z. bifida may be genetically different from the rest of the analyzed species, and theother species show some level of admixture. Our
next step is to continue collecting data at species
and population levels from the species distributedin the Pampas region.

Islands. In this study, we present phylogenetic andmorphological evidence from a population foundon the island of La Gomera, confirming the identityof R. intermedia. We also review the historical context of this taxon in the Canary Islands. Building uponthese findings, we propose to re-incorporate thisspecies as an additional taxon within the Reichardia
genus in the Canary Islands.
References: Gallego, M. J., Talavera Lozano, S., & Silvestre Domingo, S. (1980). Revisión del género Reichardia Roth (Compositae). Lagascalia, 9 (2), 159-217.

P.0807 The rediscovery of
Reichardia intermedia (Sch.
Bip.) Samp. in the CanaryIslands

P.0808 A systematic studyof Coriandreae (Apiaceae)
tribe in Turkey

Guillermo Sicilia-Pasos1, 2, Yurena Arjona2,
Miguel A. Padrón-Mederos3, J. Alfredo
Reyes-Betancort3, Louis S. Jay-García1,
2, Javier Tuero-Septién2, Ángel García4,
Jairo Patiño1,2

Sefa Sönmez1,2, Emine Akalın3, Sabiha
Esra Sönmez4

1 Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología(IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Spain. 2 Departamento de
Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Universityof La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain. 3 Jardín de
Aclimatación de La Orotava, Instituto Canario deInvestigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Puerto de La Cruz,
Tenerife, Spain. 4 Parque Nacional de Garajonay,
La Gomera. 6 San Sebastián de La Gomera, La
Gomera, Spain.
The Canary Islands currently host four species of thegenus Reichardia, three of which are endemic to thearchipelago (Reichardia crystallina, R. famarae andR. ligulata), and one is considered as non-endemic native (R. tingitana) according to data compiledby the Biodiversity Data Bank of the Canary Islands.
Upon revisiting the historical context, it has been
observed that there are additional taxa that havebeen cited in the past for the archipelago but are
not currently considered present, such as Reichardia intermedia. In the description of this species’ basionym, Picridium intermedium, the presence in thearchipelago is mentioned but no locality is specified. Subsequent authors also mentioned the occurrence of this species for the islands of La Palma, La
Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria. To complete its
historical record, the identity of R. intermedia and its
potential confusion with other species of the genus
is not clear in some cases, possibly due to its broad
morphological variability. Despite the various citations in the past regarding this species, the revisionof the genus conducted by Gallego et al. (1980) did
not include this taxon in the context of the Canary

1 Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences,
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 2 DUAGEM, Natural Products Research and Development Center,
Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey. 3 Faculty of
Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 4
Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
The aim of this study is current systematic investigation of the Coriandreae tribe in Turkey. The tribe
consists of two genera and five species worldwide,with two species in the Coriandrum genus andtwo species in the Bifora genus that are native toTurkey. Bifora americana (DC.) A.Gray is the only
species not found in this tribe in Turkey. Plant materials are collected in different regions of Turkey.
Classic and modern techniques in systematic areused in this study. In morphological analysis, basal and stem leaves, fruit measurements are used.
Cross-section of fruits are photographed and investigated. In addition to morphological and anatomical studies, molecular analysis is conducted.
DNA was isolated from the fruit or leaf. Molecularanalyses were conducted, with a focus on the ITS
gene region of the isolated DNA. After amplification and sequencing, a phylogenetic tree wasconstructed. Coriandrum species are identified
by difference on stem leaves and ray numbers onumbels. Coriandrum sativum L. have ovate segmented basal leaves and linear segmented stem
leaves. Coriandrium tordylium (Fenzl) Bornm. haveovate segmented leaves both in basal and stem.
2-6 rays in C. sativum and 6-12 rays in C. tordylium
have founded. Bifora species are identified by fruit
numbers and fruit apex types. Bifora radians M.

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Bieb. have many fruits in umbel and B. testiculata(L.) Spreng. have 2-3 fruits in umbel. In anatomical
analysis, Coriandrum species have 2 commissural and 5 dorsal vittae. Conversely, Bifora species
have numerous dorsal vittae and 2 commissural
vittae. Dorsal vittae of Bifora species has a different structure. Molecular analysis results support
the morphological and anatomical analysis.

P.0809 Environmental nichecomparison between diploidand tetraploid cytotypesof Dianthus ciliatus s.l.
(Caryophyllaceae)
Martina Temunović1*, Ana Terlević2, Ivica
Ljubičić3, Božo Frajman4, Ivana Rešetnik2,
Sandro Bogdanović3
1 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 2 Faculty of Science,
University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 3 Faculty ofAgriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 4
University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Polyploidisation is one of the main evolutionary forces in flowering plants, often followed byniche evolution of polyploids in relation to theirdiploid progenitors. We here inferred ploidy levels, their geographic distribution, and relative genome size (RGS) variation in three subspecies of
the amphi-Adriatic Dianthus ciliatus s.l. (Caryophyllaceae): D. ciliatus subsp. ciliatus, D. ciliatussubsp. dalmaticus and D. ciliatus subsp. medunensis. We analysed a total of 84 populations, ofwhich 67 were included in the RGS analysis. We
identified 24 diploid (2x) and 60 tetraploid (4x)
populations of D. ciliatus, with diploids confinedto the Balkan Peninsula. We further comparedenvironmental niches between pooled diploidand tetraploid populations, as well as pairwise
between the three subspecies. In particular, wetested for niche conservatism pattern, the tendency of polyploids to preserve niche traits of
their diploid ancestors, which is more expected
for autopolyploids than for allopolyploids. Niche
overlap between pooled di- and tetraploids waslow (26.3%), with diploid niche nested almost
completely within the wider tetraploid niche. In
pairwise comparisons between the subspecies,
the results suggested different environmental
requirements of each subspecies. Niche conservatism was not confirmed between diploids andtetraploids globally. However, niche conservatism
was significant between diploid and tetraploid D.
ciliatus subsp. ciliatus, suggesting autopolyploidorigin of tetraploids that showed 76% of niche expansion in relation to the ancestral diploids. Significant niche conservatism was also detected
between diploid D. ciliatus subsp. ciliatus and D.
ciliatus subsp. medunensis, suggesting their close
relatedness, whereas in other pairwise comparisons niches were not conserved. Our results thus
suggest allopolyploid origin of tetraploid D. ciliatus subsp. dalmaticus. In conclusion, wider nichesof polyploids likely facilitated their dispersal andestablishment in novel environments marginallyoccupied by their progenitorsand likely facilitated their expansion to the Apennine Peninsula.

P.0810 Senecio ser.
Otopteri (Asteraceae): newmolecular hypotheses
Florencia T. Mendoza1, Susana E. Freire2,
Raúl E.Pozner1, Stephan Beck3, Estrella
Urtubey1
1 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, San Isidro, Argentina. 2 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales,
Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3 Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.
Series Otopteri (Senecio) comprises 14 species:
S. attenuatus, S. bangii, S. belenensis, S. deferens, S. herrerae, S. kosterae, S. lorentzii, S. otites,
S. otopterus, S. pensilis, S. pseudotites S. sepium,
S. sinapoides and S. tucumanensis mainly distinguished by its lower leaves with well-differentiated petiole, usually auriculate or decurrent along
the stem. Previous molecular studies of Senecio
using ITS marker, only included S. bangii, S. deferens, and S. otites in the phylogeny of Senecioneae, in which S. deferens remains included in
Senecio s. str. and S. bangii and S. otites are remotely related to the core of Senecio. Our investigation using 8 of the 14 species of series Otopteri
and markers (ITS and ETS) shows: 1. Senecio deferens, S. otopterus and S. sepium belong to series Otopteri; 2. Senecio lorentzii, S. pensiles, S.
pseudotites would be excluded from this series
but belong to Senecio s. str.; 3. The exclusion of
Senecio otites and S. bangii (= Lomanthus bangii)
from Senecio s. str. was confirmed by our results.
Finally, we propose S. otopterus as the type species for series Otopteri.

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P.0811 Repeatome diversity
in the Myrtaceae family
Magdalena Vaio1, Natali Baz1, Mathias
Mangino1, Héctor Oberti1, Sebastián Pita2,
Clara Pritsch1
1 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2 Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Myrtaceae is one of the largest plant families(5,500 species, 15 genera, 17 tribes). Genome size inthe family is fairly small (200-600 Mbp) and basic
chromosome number is constant with x=11. Repetitive DNA sequences (or repeatome) are one of themain components of all plant genomes. Transposable elements and satellite DNAs from repeatome, are key players on evolutionary changes of genome organization and function. Despite
its relevance, the Myrtaceae repeatome has beenpoorly analysed. The aim of this study was to annotate and compare the repeatome of four tribesof Myrtaceae. We analysed 15 species assigned totribe Myrteae (9), tribe Eucalypteae (4), tribe Melaleuceae (1) and tribe Metrosidereae (1). For the
analyses, we randomly sampled raw reads fromshort-read libraries extracted from either public
databases or built in our study. To characterize therepeatome composition and abundance, we used
RepeatExplorer2 while satellite DNA was identified
with TAREAN. The repeatome ranged from 15 up to
37%. LTR retrotransposons were the most abundantrepeats (5- 26%). The lineages Tekay, Ogre, Ikeros
and SIRE, were the most relevant in explaining theobserved abundance differences. Differences in
repeatome composition were also detected evenbetween botanical varieties (Psidium cattleyanum). Satellite DNAs ranged from 8 % (Melaleuca
alternifolia) to P.4 % (Metrosideros polymorpha).
We identified for the first time in Myrtaceae, 58
DNA satellite families, with 1 to 10 families/species
with monomer sizes from 55 to 1800 bp. Also, we
detected a number of within-genus (Eucalyptus)
and within-tribe (Myrteae) shared DNAsat families.
Our results showed a high diversification of Myrtaceae repeatome despite both genome size andchromosome stability.

P.0812 Unveiling the rapid
radiation of the subgenus
Eriocarpum (genus
Helianthemum) throughtarget capture sequencing
María Valerio de Arana1, Sara MartínHernanz1,2, Juan Viruel3, Polina Volkova4,
Zhihao Su5, Encarnación Rubio1, Amelia
Shepherd-Clowes3, Rafael G. Albadalejo1,
Abelardo Aparicio1
1 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 2 Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, United Kingdom. 4 Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia. 5 Xinjiang
Normal University, Urumqi, China.
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of biodiversity is essential to prevent
its loss. The genus Helianthemum is an ideal lineage to decipher the role of three main eventsin plant evolution and speciation that took placein the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent areas(the Messinian salinity crisis, the establishment of
the Mediterranean climate and the Pleistocene
climate changes). Previous phylogenetic reconstructions of the genus at species level confirmed
its monophyly and its division in three monophyletic subgenera: Eriocarpum, Plectolobum andHelianthemum. Further studies of each subgenus
could expand our understanding of these paleoclimatic events as well as the relationships between species. Here we focused on the subgenus
Eriocarpum, integrated by fruticose deserticolous
plants inhabiting arid and semi-arid ecosystems from the Macaronesian archipelagos, theMaghreb to the Middle East and the Horn of Africa until Central Asia. Since previous phylogenetic approaches have been very sample-limited,
we have newly generated target capture datafor 29 species (> 90%) and c. 80 populations of
the subgenus using the universal Angiosperms
353 kit. Our preliminary phylogenetic reconstructions confirm the monophyly of the two largest
sections within subgenus Eriocarpum (i.e., sect.
Pseudomacularia and sect. Eriocarpum), andthe existence of major disjunctions between the
Mediterranean, Saharo-Arabic and Iranian-Turanian regions. However, within sect. Eriocarpum,
some widespread species are not monophyletic (H. lippii, H. stipulatum and H. ellipticum). This422

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likely reflects a taxonomic problem rather thana complex evolutionary history, where there is alack of consensus on the diagnostic characterson which the flora of each region is based. Furthermore, the species H. dagestanicum clusteredin the section Pseudomacularia whereas it previously belonged to the subgenus Helianthemum.
Overall, our results suggest a deep restructuringof the systematics of this subgenus and provide asolid basis for further downstream analyses.

S.087. INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHESIN THE VISUAL ARTS AND THE BOTANICALSCIENCES
P.0813 Greening lost worlds:
paleoart for the vegetation
landscape of early hominins
in Europe
Gabriela Amorós1, José S. Carrión1,
Victoria Sánchez-Giner1, Ariadna Amorós1,
Juan Ochando2, 1, Manuel Munuera3,
Ana Belén Marín-Arroyo4, Juan ManuelJiménez-Arenas5
1 University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. 2 University of
La Sapienza, Roma, Italy 3 University Polytechnic
Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain. 4 University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain. 5 University of Granada,
Granada, Spain.
There is a notable scarcity of pictorial reconstructions specifically centered on Iberian vegetation
during the Quaternary. However, our paleobotanical understanding of the region has substantially improved in recent decades, providing a solid
scientific foundation that can serve as a source ofinspiration. Here we present results of paleoartistic
research aimed at visually reconstructing the vegetation landscapes surrounding the Orce Archaeological Zone (OAZ), dated between 1.6 and 1.2 Main the Early Pleistocene of the Guadix-Baza Basin insouthern Spain. The OAZ is a depression surrounded by forested areas of the Betic cordillera, but thepresent-day landscape is characterized by badlands and a largely treeless vegetation. However,during the Early Pleistocene, the region featured
wetlands when the large Baza Lake was active andcyclically receded, giving rise to freshwater springs,
ponds, and pools. Within this context the remains of
numerous mammals, are located. Notably, OAZ includes human remains among the oldest in western Eurasia for the Homo genus. The scientific foun-dation supporting the artwork relies on fossil pollen
data from three OAZ sites: Venta Micena 1, Barranco
León, and Fuente Nueva 3. We pay due attention to
the potential distribution of vegetation zones, thetaxonomic and structural diversity of the vegetation,
including taxa with widely disparate current biogeographic definitions, taxa that have become extinct
in the Iberian Peninsula in later phases, or thosethat had previously gone extinct in higher latitudes
in the European continent. This paleoartistic essay
also aims to visualize the coexistence of mesophytic, thermophytic, and xerophytic plant communities
during the early Pleistocene at this meeting point in
the southwestern corner of the European continent.

P.0814 Floral morphology asa modern signature tool intherapeutics
Kester Bull-Hereñu1
1 Laboratorio Flores, Fundación Flores, Santiago,
Chile.
Flowers obviously generate a reaction in the subject when looked at and have thus always beena mean for human communication, improvement of life quality and health. Ample and diverseis the history of cultural meanings of flowers andstrong is the evidence of the various physiologic
reactions of the psyche to them. Dr. Edward Bachalleged in the 1930’s that flowers may alleviate
uncomfortable states of mind by changing themood of the person in question. Under his view,
twelve angiosperm species (i.e. ‘the twelve healers’), arranged in groups of three species each,deal with four main mood states. In this work I try
to diagnose floral attributes common to each oneof these groups that could possibly stand for the423

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respective alleged therapeutic reactions. The firstgroup is represented by the yellow color in flowersof Mimulus (Phrymaceae), Agrimonia (Rosaceae)
and Cistus (Cistaceae), which tend to ease fearfulstates of mind. The second group is characterized
by flowers with rather stiff parts arranged in a funnel shape as the case of Scleranthus (Caryophyllaceae), Clematis (Ranunculaceae) and Ceratostigma (Plumbaginaceae), which help to centera dispersed mind. The third group presents flowers
with apparent elevating hairy structures such as
the fimbriate corolla of Gentiana or curled styles
of Centaurium (Gentianaceae) and Chicorium(Asteraceae), that relieve a general state of bitterness. The last group shows pink to violet flowersthat tend to generally calm the mood as the caseof Hottonia (Primulaceae), Verbain (Verbenaceae)
and Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). In sum, it is possible to identify general floral attributes that could
be understood and further be tested as plausible
mood modulators when contemplating at them.
This opens the possibility of conceiving the floral
morphology as part of a therapeutic-signaturefield that operates balancing the state of mind.

P.0815 Conception anddestiny of Dr Louis Auzoux’s
botanical models
Diane Courtin1
1 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.
The botanical models of Dr Louis Auzoux (17971880) are papier-mâché objects designed in the1860s to facilitate the instruction in natural sciences. Since their creation, they have been appreciated by teachers for the solutions they provide andtheir adaptability to a wide range of plant-related
topics. Exhibited in a variety of contexts throughout
their history, they are also well known to the general public, who praise their aesthetic and technical qualities. After several decades of neglect
due to the development of new teaching aids,
they are gradually becoming part of our cultural
heritage. Their resurgence has been made possible by a change in perception of their status. They
are no longer seen simply as educational tools,
but as ancient objects of historical and artistic
interest. As a result, they are being preserved in
educational establishments and museums. In thisposter, we look back at the history of these pedagogical models. Louis Auzoux was a doctor anda businessman, but he also taught comparative
anatomy. His reasons for creating such botanicalobjets remain unclear, but the public’s perceptionof them reveals creative intentions that go beyond
the merely practical.

P.0816 The use ofphotography in plant
conservation involving
communities in the Brazilian
Atlantic Forest
José Augusto de Andrade Souto Maior1,
André V. Suzuki2, Joelcio Freitas3, Elton J.
de Lírio1,2,4
1 Conservação de Espécies Ameaçadas da Mata
Atlântica, São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil. 3 Instituto Nacional daMata Atlântica, Santa Teresa, Brazil. 4 Universidadede São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Certain plants have the ability to capture people’s
attention, stimulating curiosity and encouraging
them to learn more. It can occur due to the visualconnection established when using photographs,
which plays an important role integrating the community in the conservation of threatened plants.
We used photographs in a conservation approachwith seven threatened species from the Brazilian
Atlantic Forest. We visited and photographed thehabitat where these species occur as well as the
specimens found. Among the captured pictures,
we highlight an individual of Cariniana legalis(Pink Jequitibá) with more than 47 m and with anestimated age of 800 years in the Espírito Santostate. The pictures were used to produce an identification guide with the seven threatened species
that is virtually available and also was distributed
to local people in a printed version. The guide andthe pictures were used to engage people throughsocial media (Instagram, 414 followers) and inpractical lectures in local schools in the municipality of Santa Teresa, in Espírito Santo. Besides,
we produced a scientific/artistic exhibition at theInstituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo). Many of the threatened species
may be closer to people than they think. However,lack of knowledge often prevents this connection.
The image can help overcome this obstacle, allowing people to identify species that are aroundthem and awaken interest in their conservation.

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P.0817 Wood identificationof the coffin-reliquary of theholy Serbian king Stefan of
Dečani (14th century)

P.0818 History andimportance of the Iberianflora scientific illustration
González L1,3, Montero Muñoz Iris2, Cardiel
JM1,4

Milan Gavrilović1, Dragana Rančić2, Alexei
Oskolski3,4, Miljana Matić5, Milodarka
Kocev6, Aleksa Jelikić6, Pedja Janaćković1
1 Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University ofBelgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 3 Department of Botany
and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
4 Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academyof Science, St. Petersburg, Russia. 5 Museum of the
Serbian Orthodox Church, Belgrade, Serbia. 6 Institute for the protection of cultural monuments ofSerbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
The coffin-reliquary for the relics of the holy Serbian king Stefan Uroš III of Dečani (r. 1322–1331) is
made around 1343 as a rectangular chest witha gable cover. It originally stood at the Dečani
church of Christ Pantokrator, in front of the templon, and today is situated at the Serbian Orthodox Church Museum in Belgrade. The dimensionsof the coffin-reliquary are 197 × 60 × 43.5 cm (thechest of the coffin-reliquary is 197 cm long, 60 cm
wide and 43.5 cm high, and the lid is 196 cm long,
61.5 cm wide and 20 cm high). The lid, the front
and the right side of the coffin-reliquary are decorated with the use of woodcarving technique,gilding and various colors, dominated by red. The
inside of the coffin-reliquary is undecorated. For
the purpose of wood identification three samples were anatomically studied. The wood of all
three samples is anatomically identical. Combination of key characters: diffuse-porous wood,radially orientated vessels multiplies and clusters, distinct spiral thickenings in vessels, simple
perforation plates, 3- to 4-seriate noded rays anddiffuse-in-aggregates apotracheal axial parenchyma occur only in the genus Tilia (Malvaceae).
However, based on the anatomical characteristics of the wood, it cannot be determined withcertainty to which of the three species (T. cordata Mill., T. platyphyllos Scop. and T. x europaea L.),
which occur in Europe, the sample belongs. It canbe assumed that linden wood was used due tothe ease of processing and that it is considered
one of the sacred trees in Serbian culture.

1 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain. 2 Real Jardín
Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 3 BasqueCentre for Climate Change, Lejona, Spain. 4 Centro
de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
The botanical diversity of the Iberian Peninsula haspromoted the interest of botanists since ancient times.
From the 16th century to the present, works dealing with
Iberian plants have evolved at the same time as thescientific advances, including the tools employed suchas the creation of botanical collections and the use ofscientific illustrations. Botanical scientific illustration isan indispensable tool for representing plant species
with a visual, precise, clear, and objective approximation, that allows us to understand common features
among all individuals and helps in the description andclassification of the taxa. Over the centuries, illustrations of the Iberian flora have changed, not only in its
knowledge and technical aspect but also due to the
pictorial and engraving trends that were conditionedby the historical events of each century. The work here
presented compiles and analyze the illustrations of the
Iberian flora from the 16th century until the most recent
volumes of the Flora iberica by Castroviejo (1986-2021),
discussing tools and techniques employed over about
450 years. The extensive work Flora iberica probably
contains the largest number of illustrations publishedof any other modern flora to date.

P.0819 Illustrating the
botanical richness ofSierra Nevada: selection ofendemic alpine flora
Ana M. Mingorance-Paredes1
1 Department of Drawing. University of Granada,
Granada, Spain.
Sierra Nevada, the only alpine mountain in southern Iberian Peninsula, is recognized as a biodiversity
hotspot that boasts over 2,350 plant species, among
which approximately 4% are endemic. This project425

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is developed within the framework of the ongoing
research of the PhD thesis ‘Endemic flora of Sierra Nevada. Illustrated botanical guide’, which aims
to present a compendium of the endemic flora ofthis mountain range, highlighting the interrelationship between Art and Science, and promoting theuse of scientific illustration as a dissemination tool.
This artistic discipline, which through a series ofstrategies allows to configure archetypes capableof being universally understood, becomes an ally toraise awareness about the importance and fragilityof nature, particularly of this unique flora, much ofwhich is threatened. Out of the 62 endemic species
that can be found in the alpine zone, 23 have been
selected. Fieldwork for the study of these plants has
been based on the collection of documentationin their natural habitat and in the Hoya de Pedraza Botanical Garden. Working with various samplesof fresh material, with the aid of a binocular microscope, both to achieve the most accurate visualmessage possible. As a result, we have obtained
detailed and high quality watercolour representations for these species that have been included in
two publications entitled ‘Unique flora of Sierra Nevada; a natural treasure’ that take part of the Smart
EcoMountains project associated with the European
Research Infrastructure LifeWatch-ERIC. One of themis a brochure that serves as a field guide with essential information for the species identification, and theother is a set of illustrated prints where the composition is distributed based on the vegetation’s colour,
creating a collection of artistic and scientific value.
Also, we emphasize the crucial value of this type ofimages for dissemination and awareness.

grounded in botanical experimentation are explored. The graphs generated when studying thecomposition of repetitive elements in a genome
allow us to identify genetic variations, thus aidingin the identification of hybrids and cryptic species. These graphs, constructed from the similarity between DNA sequences, bear resemblance tocompositions in abstract art, prompting reflection on the inherent beauty in data structure. The
study of invasive plants and herbarium conservation techniques forms the scientific backdropof the artistic installation “A Modern Dance.” In it,pressed specimens of Araujia sericifera Brot. andKalanchoe × houghtonii D.B.Ward are presented
as “phyto-monsters” dancing to the rhythm ofmodernity in a choreography of zombies exhibiting their superiority over humans. The work, combining science, art, and fiction, invites consideration of ecological conflicts from non-humanperspectives to reconsider their managementfrom less anthropocentric viewpoints. Finally,
nocturnal monitoring of plant-animal interactions revealed unexpected diversity in the number of species visiting Achillea millefolium L. when
the human eye is unable to see. Based on the recordings obtained, the video installation “Noctes
Achilleienses’’ was created, a large-scale projection allowing viewers to immerse themselves in
the nocturnal stories of arthropods visiting the
synflorescences.

P.0820 Art as an exploratory
tool of science: a synergy
between Botany andcreative expression
Iván Pérez-Lorenzo1,2, Pol Fernández1,2,Paula Bruna1,3
1 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat
de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat
de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3 CREAF-CSIC-UAB,
Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Art has enormous potential to generate andconvey knowledge through senses and emotion,complementing and enriching scientific production. In this work, three artistic manifestations

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S.088. INVENTORYING THE PLANT DIVERSITY
OF THE EUROMEDITERRANEAN AREA:
INTEGRATING TAXONOMIC PROGRESS INTO
DYNAMIC WEB CHECKLISTS AND ELECTRONICFLORAS
P.0821 Some endemic planttaxa growing in Cungus
District of Diyarbakır
province in Turkey

in order for these endemic taxa to continue theirgeneration, it is extremely important to protect themboth in-situ and in gene banks (ex-situ).

A. Dogan Karahan1, Mehmet Basbag2
1. Dicle University Institute of Science and Technology, Diyarbakir, Turkey. 2. Dicle University Faculty ofAgriculture Department of Field Crops, Diyarbakir,
Turkey.
This study was conducted in four different directionsof Savrucak Mountain in Çungus District of Diyarbakır Province in 2021 and 2022. In the research, a
total of 12 taxa belonging to 7 families were found as
endemic, all of these taxa are perennial and are in
the invasive group in terms of meadow-pasture forage plants. Among the families, the Astracea family (Gundelia cappadocica, Helichrysum arenarium
subsp. aucheri, Tanacetum cadmeum subsp. orientale, Tanacetum densum subsp. cadmeum, Achillea
pseudoaleppica) had the highest number of taxa,
followed by Boraginaceae (Alkanna megacarpa,
Paracaryum cristatum subsp. cristatum), Araceae(Arum rupicola var. rupicola), Brassicaceae (Isatis
aucheri), Lamiaceae (Phlomis linearis), Liliaceae (Tulipa sintenisii) and Plantaginaceae families (Linaria
genistifolia subsp. praealta), respectively. When we
examine endemic taxa according to their botanical compositions; Helichrysum arenarium subsp.
aucheri 15.26% in the east direction, 8.81% in the south
direction, 2.46% in the west direction and 1.59% in thenorth direction; Phlomis linearis 1.91% in the west,
0.64% in the south, 0.62% in the east and 0.40% in
the north; Gundelia cappadocica 0.96% in the southand 0.16% in the east; Tanacetum cadmeum subsp.
orientale is 4.05% in the east and 0.55% in the west;
Tanacetum densum subsp. cadmeum 2.34% in theeastern direction; Tulipa sintenisii 0.96% in the south;
Linaria genistifolia subsp. praealta was detected at
a rate of 0.16% in the eastern direction. As a result,

P.0822 Determination of
forage quality values ofsome flax genotypes (Linum
spp.) in meadow-pastureand natural vegetation in
the Southeastern Anatolia
region of Turkey
Mehmet Basbag1, Sema Basbag1
1 Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Departmentof Field Crops, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
In this study, some forage quality characteristics
were examined in herbage samples taken from 6
genotypes of 3 different flaxes (Linum spp.) species
collected from meadow-pasture and natural vegetation of the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2023.According to the results obtained, crude
protein (HP) in the genotypes was 14.66-23.54%, drymatter (DM) was 89.68-91.84%, acid detergent fiber(ADF) was 19.38-29.53%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF)
was 28.38-36.32%, acid detergent protein (ADP) 0.330.79%, digestible dry matter (DDM) 65.89-73.81%, drymatter intake (DMI) 3.30-4.23%, relative feed value(RFV) 168.8-241.7, potassium (K) 2.05-3.70%, calcium(Ca) 1.63-1.89%, magnesium (Mg) 0.29-0.51%, phosphorus (P) 0.24-0.39%, Ca/P 4.40-7.21 and K/(Ca+Mg)
0.96-1.82. The highest value in terms of crude protein, which is one of the most important criteria interms of animal nutrition, was obtained from Linum
hirsutum subsp. pseudoanatolicum genotypes andLinum usitatissimum species, while the lowest value
was obtained from Linum mucronatum subsp. armenum genotypes. As a result, although these genotypes, which grow naturally in the region’s mead-427

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ow-pasture and natural vegetation, show statisticaldifferences from each other in terms of the examined characters, it has been observed that all ofthem can be useful in animal nutrition in terms of
the forage values they contain.

P.0823 Contribution to theknowledge of Morocco flora
by the Emirates Center for
wildlife propagation

P.0824 Contributions
to the knowledge of thebiodiversity of León province(Spain)Ángel Penas1, Saúl Blanco Lanza3,
María Borrego Ramos3, Raquel AlonsoRedondo1, Alejandro González-Pérez1,
Aitor Álvarez-Santacoloma1, Giovanni B.
Ferreiro-Lera1, Norma Y. Ochoa-Ramos1,
Sara del Río González 2

Mathieu Chambouleyron1, Jean-François
Léger2

1 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental
Management. Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León, León, Spain.
2 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management. Faculty of Biological and Environ-mental Sciences. University of León. Institute of
Mountain Livestock (CSIC-Ule), León, Spain. 3 Diatomology Laboratory, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity, University of León,
León, Spain. sblal@unileon.es; mborr@unileon.es;
sriog@unileon.es; apenm@unileon.es; ralor@unileon.es; gferl@unileon.es; agonp@unileon.es; aalvas@unileon.es; nochor00@estudiantes.unileon.es;
blopem02@estudiantes.unileon.es;mherng09@
estudiantes.unileon.es.

1 Reneco North Africa, Rabat, Morocco. 2 Reneco
IWC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Ranked among the top Mediterranean countries interms of plant biodiversity, and the first in North-Africa, Morocco still has a high potential for floristics and chorological discoveries. Among its least
known regions, Eastern Morocco is being studied
since the 2000’s by the Emirates Center for Wildlife
Propagation / Reneco. These thorough plant studies have enabled to add 200+ taxa to local inventories, including seven taxa new for Africa and 16 for
Morocco. Additional results are in preparation, withthe objective to produce an up-to-date checklist of
Eastern Morocco flora. Whether they concern common or rare taxa, the numerous discoveries done
confirm that the knowledge of Eastern Morocco
flora is still unsatisfactory and highlights the needfor further studies. These studies have led to thedescriptionof five taxa new for science. In parallel,
systematic revisions of selected little-known plantgroups are underway or planned. One of these revisions is given as an example. It concerns the studyof the Stipeae (Poaceae) of North Africa, carriedout in partnership with one of the specialists of thisgroup, F.M. Vázquez Pardo (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura- Spain). The monograph in preparation, based on
the study of 2,000+ herbarium vouchers, provides
an updated taxonomy, original descriptions and illustrations, distribution maps and an identification
key for the 49 taxa recognised. The results include
the description of a new species, seven new combinations and 14 typifications. Though a partnership with the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniquesde Genève, these results are used to update andexpand the African Plant Database (https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en).

A deeply examination was conducted on the livingorganisms within the León Province (Spain), covering Algae (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes), Fungi(Ascomycota, including Lichens, and Basidiomycota), Bryophyta, Vascular Flora (including native,
alloctonous, and introduced), and plant communities, following a comprehensive bibliographicalreview and incorporating personal contributions
from the authors. This study establishes a novelty
contribution to the overall “plant” biodiversity ofLeón Province. To ensure systematic consistency,
the most widely recognized taxonomy for eachgroup was adopted. Algae taxonomy stuck to theclassification proposed by https://www.algaebase.org/; Fungi and Lichens followed the taxonomy outlined in https://www.indexfungorum.org/
names/names.asp; Bryophytes were classified
according to Flora Briofítica Ibérica (J. GUERRA,(ed), vascular flora referenced information fromhttps://www.emplantbase.org/home.html(Euro+Med Plantbase), with certain exceptions madefor specific taxa. Plant communities were classified following the proposal of S. RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ &AL. (2002). In brief, this study aimed to delineate
the biodiversity within the study area, bearing a
total of taxa as follows: 743 for Algae, 2412 for Fun-

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gi (including lichens), 543 for Bryophyta, 3408 for
Vascular Flora, and 449 for plant communities.
These taxonomic groups were further divided into
representative subgroups and the Shannon index
was used to measure their diversity.
References: Guerra, J. (ed.). (2007, 2015, 2006, 2010,2014, 2018). Flora Briofítica Española. Volumen I, II,
III, IV, V, VI. Ed. UMU & SEB. ISBN: 978-84-697-9126-4(Ed. UMU & SEB). ISBN (I, II, III, IV, V, VI)): 978-84-6118462-0.; 978-84-608-2198-4; 978-84-609-90974; 978-84-614-1023-1; 978-84-616-8434-2; 97884-697-9126-4; Rivas-Martínez S. et al. (2002).
Vascular plant communities of Spain and Portugal. Addenda to de syntaxonomical checklist of
2001. Itinera Geobotanica 15: 1-922. León (España).

P.0826 An updated
distributional database for
the Balearic and Iberian
Spanish vascular flora
Ignacio Ramos1,2, Alejandro Alonso1,
Jaime Boyano1, Elvira Castillo-Almansa1,
Marina Coca de la Iglesia1, Angélica
Gallego-Narbón1, Moisès Guardiola3,
Manuel Marquerie1, Rubén G. Mateo1,2,
Andrés V. Pérez Latorre4, Llorenç Sáez3,
Estrella Saiz5, Carlos Salazar Mendías6,
Lluis Serra7,8, Virginia Valcárcel1,2, Juan
Carlos Moreno Saiz1,2

P.0825 Maianthemum
bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt
and Satureja thymbra L.,
two new species to flora ofAlbania
Marjol Meço1*, Lefter Kashta2, Alfred Mullaj2
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Albania. 2 Research Center of Flora and Fauna, Faculty of Natural Sciences,
University of Tirana, Albania. leka.kashta@yahoo.
com, alfredmullaj@gmail.com.
Albania is a small country but with rich and interesting flora. The new documented findings of thelast 20 years are greatly increasing the number ofplant species in the country. Maianthemum bifolium (Asparagaceae) and Satureja thymbra (Lamiaceae) are two new records to the flora of Albania. Maianthemum bifolium was found in the herb
layer of a mixed forest with Fagus sylvatica andPicea abies that lies on a stabilized gravel substrate along the Valbona River, Tropojë, N Albania.
It is the first species of Maianthemum genus reported in Albania. This finding represents the mostsouthern extension area of the species in Balkan.
Satureja thymbra was found on the southwestern
hills slope of Thumanë, northern part of central Albania. It occurs in some disturbed degraded low
shrubland, on limestone substrate. This finding
represents the most northern extension area ofthe species in Balkan and increases the number ofSatureja species in Albania to four.

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Biodiversity & Global Change Research Center(CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain. 3 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. 4 Universidad de
Málaga, Málaga, Spain. 5 Universidad de León, León,
Spain. 6 Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain. 7 Generalitat Valenciana, Alicante, Spain. 8 Font Roja Natura
UA Scientific Station, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
Within the Mediterranean hotspot, the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands stand out as a centerof biodiversity (6,456 native species and subspecies) and endemism (30%) of vascular plants. The
AFLIBER database, published with open access (Ramos-Gutiérrez et al., 2021), made 1,824,549 uniqueplant occurrence records available to managers
and researchers. These records are distributed
among 6,316 UTM grid cells of 10 km side-resolution.
To ensure the database remains current, the Spanish
Botanical Society (SEBOT) has established a working
group tasked with periodic updates. This involves
incorporating non-digitized publications, obtaining
additional databases with public or restricted access, and rectifying errors detected in the previous
version. The outcomes of the SEBOT working groupwill be published in a data paper, and the distributional information will be freely accessible on the society’s website. The latest update comprises 141,000
citations (88,000 after removing repetitions). Notably, only 18,800 occurrences (20%) are new to thedataset, emphasizing the high completeness of the
AFLIBER database. However, these new additions are
crucial for filling gaps in areas that were previously
less sampled, particularly in the inland plateaus ofIberia. Medium-term challenges faced by the SEBOT
working group include: i) updating the taxonomy
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within SEBOT; ii) incorporating the Spanish bryophyte
flora; and iii) increasing the detail of chorological information with citations for the 1 km-sided grid cell.
References: Ramos-Gutiérrez, I. et al. (2021). Atlas ofthe vascular flora of the Iberian Peninsula biodiversity hotspot (AFLIBER). Global Ecology and Biogeography 30, 1951–1957. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13363

P.0827 The current
knowledge about the
distribution of Pteridium
taxa (Dennstaedtiaceae) in
EuropeMykyta Peregrym1,2, Ingrid Turisová3,Peter Turis3, Olesya Bezsmertna4, Heorhii
Bondarenko5
1 Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Myrhorod, Ukraine. 2 University of Oulu, Oulu,
Finland. 3 Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica,
Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. 4 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine. 5 V.N. Karazin
Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
The genus Pteridium Gled. ex Scop. has been considered as a monotypic one with the cosmopolitan species P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. for many years.

However, morphological divergences observed invarious regions since the 1940s have led to the description of new species, subspecies, and varieties.
Molecular investigations, while not conclusively settling taxonomic debates, have underscored the extensive genetic diversity within the genus, affirming
the status of several previously described species
and subspecies globally. This wealth of data has
prompted revisions of the Pteridium genus in regional floras, with Northern Eurasia serving as a central arena for such studies in the last 30 years. Whileno final agreed-upon conception exists, recent datasuggest that the European flora comprises a single
species, P. aquilinum, with two subspecies, P. aquilinum subsp. aquilinum and P.a. subsp. pinetorum(C.N.Page & R.R.Mill) J.A.Thomson. But, their distribution within the continent remains unclear. To address
this uncertainty, our study aims to analyze herbarium, literature, and citizen science data regarding
the distribution of Pteridium taxa in Europe, seeking to establish their current ranges. As a result, theeastern border of P. aquilinum subsp. aquilinum has
been clarified, as well as the southern and easternborders of the spreading of P. aquilinum subsp. pinetorum was set. Furthermore, it is clearly evidenced
the presence of P. aquilinum subsp. pinetorum within the Netherlands, Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania for the first time.

S.089. KEY MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN
FLOWER EVOLUTION
P.0828 Bract formation in
Houttuynia cordata f. viridis
Mizuho Endo1, Akitoshi Iwamoto1
1 Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Houttuynia cordata usually has apetalous flowers
consisting of three stamens and one pistil and formsa spike inflorescence. Flowers usually develop inconspicuous small bracts in their axils, but four bracts
subtending the first four flowers in an inflorescence
become large and white petaloid. In H. cordata f.
viridis, it has been reported that all bracts also become white petaloid, and some of them become
green. Our preliminary observation on this form, H.
cordata f. viridis, revealed that some bracts become

not only green but also foliage leaf-like in shape. In
this study, we observed the inflorescence development of this form with SEM, focusing on the variationof bract formation. We confirmed three types in the
inflorescences of this form as follows. Type 1: Only the
first four bracts in inflorescence become large andwhite petaloid as in the normal H. cordata. Type 2:
All bracts of inflorescence become large and white
petaloid, and some of them partly become green.
Type 3: Bracts become foliage leaf-like organs, andwhite large petaloid bracts develop at later stages in the same inflorescence. The morphology ofthe primordium of foliage leaf-like organ in Type 3
was completely different from that of normal foliage
leave. The phyllotaxis of the foliage leaf-like organs
was spiral, which was common in bracts, while thatof foliage leaves was dichotomous. On the other430

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hand, the foliage leaf-like organs didn’t subtend any
flower in their axils, but developed vegetative buds.
These results suggest that the foliage leaf-like organs should be intermediate between bracts andleaves to be named as “intermediate leaves”. We
will elucidate the identity of all types of bracts in thisenigmatic form of H. cordata including the intermediate leaf with in situ hybridization to assess the expression of related genes for floral, leaf, and bract
development.

P.0829 Spots, stripes,
rosettes or checkerboard
patterns. Solving shapeformation with plant species
Pierre Galipot1
1. UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Campus Beaulieu, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
Shapes and colors diversity is tremendous in Eukaryotes and serve many biological functions. Here
we propose to illustrate how plant species are perfect to decipher morphogenetic processes. First, we
will present how Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) elaborate petals allowed us to show the links
between micro-patterns (cell number and sizes)
and macro-patterns (petal shape and size). Then,we will show what are and how diverse are PGTCPs(Putative-growth Turing-like Color Patterns) in Eukaryotes and how Scutellaria rubropunctata (Lamiaceae) allows us to study their formation. Finally, we
will present how rounds are changed into squares
to form checkerboard patterns in Fritillaria (Liliaceae) tepals. Together, this shows the importance toexplore the biodiversity of plants to select the best
possible models to solve morphogenetic questions.

MADS-box genes are transcription factors that
control eukaryote development and growth, particularly in regulating flower development in plants
through the ABC(D)E model. Revealing the functions of MADS-box genes and their regulatory network, together with other related genes, will play a
key role in understanding the evolution of angiosperms. Scutellaria is the second largest genera in
the Lamiaceae, encompassing over 460 species.
This genus is morphologically distinct from othergenera in the family by having scutellum, a skullcup-like specialized upper calyx. Some species in
the genus, such as S. baicalensis and S. barbata,
have been widely used as medicinal plants in Asia.
We identified a complete set of MADS-box genes
in five Scutellaria genomes, three of which (S. cypria, S. insignis, and S. strigiliosa) from newly sequenced genomes in this study using both longread (Nanopore) and short-read (MGI) sequenced,
and two of them from a previously reported genome (S. baicalensis and S. barbata). The three
newly sequenced genomes, ranging from 0.26 to
0.33 Gbps, are of high quality (83 to 475 contigs
and > 96.3% of BUSCO values). We addressed lineage-specific deletion, addition and duplication
events of MADS-box genes in Scutellaria basedon phylogenetic analyses of genes detected fromgenomes in five Scutellaria species, Solanum lycopersicum (the closest high-quality genome
published to Scutellaria), Arabidopsis thaliana(a representative of the dicots) and Amborella
trichopoda (a sister to all other angiosperms). Expressions of MADS-box genes were addressed using RNAseq of each floral organ. This study showsthe evolution, diversification, and expression of
MADS-box genes in Scutellaria and provides insights into the relationship between these genes
and the floral morphology of Scutellaria.

P.0830 Evolution anddiversification of MADSbox genes in Scutellaria(Lamiaceae): focusing onfive representative genomes
Jeongwoo Seo1, Sangtae Kim1
1 Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea.

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S.090. KIN DISCRIMINATION AND KIN
SELECTION IN PLANTS
P.0831 Kin recognition
influences sex allocation in
Moricandia moricandioides

hood is prevalent in other populations of this species
or in other species that exhibit a positive pollination
effect in dense plant clusters.

Camilo Ferrón1,*, José María Gómez2,**
John R. Pannell3, Rubén Torices1,***
1 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química
Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles,
Spain. 2 Departamento de Ecología Funcional y
Evolución. Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain. 3 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
*camilo.ferron@urjc.es,**jmgreyes@eeza.csic.es,***ruben.torices@urjc.es
Plants may potentially enhance the pollination
success of other neighbours in the same patch
through a ‘magnet effect’. This effect indicates thata plant’s investment in attractive floral structures
may increase pollinator visits to its own flowers andthose of its neighbours, leading to benefits at boththe individual and group level. This phenomenon isobserved in Moricandia moricandioides, a self-incompatible and hermaphroditic species, which exhibits larger floral displays when surrounded by kin
compared to non-kin. This increased investment in
attraction when growing among relatives could bea result of selection due to its impact on inclusive
fitness. However, it is not yet clear whether plants
might modify their sex expression based on the kinship of their local neighbours. We hypothesized thatthe greater investment in pollinator attraction seen
when growing with kin should lead to a male-biased sex allocation if the increased advertising effort enhances male fitness returns. To test this, we
examined floral sex allocation in plants under various experimental neighbourhood conditions where
the number and mother identity of the neighbours
were controlled. Contrary to our hypothesis, plants
growing with kin produced significantly more ovules
but not pollen grains, indicating an increase in plant
femaleness. This finding supports the potential existence of kin recognition in this species and its influence on reproductive strategies. Nevertheless, additional research is required to determine whether the
adjustment of floral sex allocation to the neighbour-

P.0832 Inosculation andcooperative dynamics inconspecific mature tree
communities
Anna Finke1
1 Minimal Intelligence Lab, Department of Philosophy, University of Murcia, Spain.
Inosculation, the fusion of tree parts, represents a broad
spectrum of interactions including root grafting, andserves as a crucial but undervalued indicator of kin
selection and cooperative dynamics within tree communities. I posit inosculation as a key adaptive behavior
fostering resilience and alliances among conspecificadult trees, with genetic similarity enhancing the probability of such unions. I suggest that this phenomenon
has largely been overlooked as in modern managed
forests, inosculation is less prevalent due to human intervention and the relative short rotation of tree stands,
signaling a significant gap in our understanding of forest ecology. Mature trees engaged in inosculatory behaviors display a reduction in competitive tendencies,
preferring instead to establish resource-sharing networks indicative of a cooperative existence. This mutualistic interaction, particularly evident in root grafting,contrasts with the competitive isolation experienced
by younger, solitary trees and underscores a shift fromcompetitive to cooperative behavior and the importance of communal networks in mature stands. The
shared resources and stability afforded by these connections confer a collective competitive advantage,
challenging the long-held belief that competitive exclusion is the predominant interaction within tree canopies, especially in forests dominated by few species.
The implications of this research are profound, proposing a more frequent occurrence of cooperation among
adult conspecifics than previously recognized. It calls
into question the traditional interpretations of treecompetition and dominance, potentially prompting
a significant reevaluation of forest management andconservation practices. In light of these considerations,

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inosculation emerges as a potentially transformative
element in our understanding of forest communities,
and could catalyze a paradigm shift in the ecologicalmanagement of forests.

P.0833 Root exudates
composition within andamong four genetic clustersof Arabidopsis thaliana fromthe Iberian Peninsula
Harihar Jaishree Subrahmaniam1*, F.
Xavier Picó2, Thomas Bataillon3, Camilla
Lind Salomonsen4, Marianne Glasius4,
Bodil K. Ehlers1
1 Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. 2 Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain.
3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University,
Aarhus C, Denmark. 4 Department of Chemistry,
Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Root exudates are a critical yet understudied component of terrestrial ecosystems, playing importantroles in nutrient acquisition, microbial symbiosis, andinter-organism communication. Despite their significance, comprehensive insights into the natural variation and eco-evolutionary factors driving the composition of root exudates are scarce. Our study addressed
this gap by exploring the chemical diversity of root exudates from 105 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions of the
Iberian Peninsula. Employing ultra-high performanceliquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified 373 putative chemical compounds,
unveiling the complex chemical ecology of root exudates. Our findings reveal a significant influence ofthe genetic structure of Iberian accessions on root
exudate composition, with 25 compounds showing
notable heritability estimates. We observed variationin the mean abundances of nine compounds acrossthe four genetic clusters, suggesting unique metabolic signatures tied to specific genetic clusters. Thisfinding hints at the potential of root exudates in facilitating differential interactions among plants, including kin recognition. A genome-wide association study
illuminated specific single nucleotide polymorphisms
located in or near 26 known genes with diverse functions, encompassing metabolism, defense, signaling,
and nutrient transport, hinting at the multifacetedroles of root exudates in mediating plant physiologicalprocesses and ecosystem functioning. Integrating genetic, environmental, geographic, and life-history trait
variation among accessions, we identified significant
correlation between genetic distance and terpenoid
composition distance. Our study offers the first comprehensive exploration of root exudate variation at
an ecologically large scale, providing first insights into
the potential roles of these exudates in below-groundplant-plant interactions. Understanding the genetic
and physiological underpinnings of root exudates is
crucial for predicting plant responses to environmental changes and resource dynamics. Our findings emphasize the need for multidisciplinary exploration inthis field integrating ecology, genomics and chemistry
to fully comprehend the ecological and evolutionary
facets of root exudates.

S.091. LARGESCALE GENERATION ANDUTILISATION OF REFERENCEQUALITY GENOMESFROM PLANTS
P.0834 Evolution of splicesite choice in eukaryotes

Sarwade1, Joseph Rosenbluh2, Mauro
D’Amato3, 4, 5, Partha P Das6, 7, Ya-Long
Guo8, Alex Fournier-Level9, Richard Burke1,
Sridevi Sureshkumar1, David Powell10,
Sureshkumar Balasubramanian1

Craig I Dent1,11, Stefan Prodic1,12, Aiswarya
Balakrishnan1, James Georges1, Aaryan
Chhabra1, Sourav Mukherjee1, Jordyn
Coutts1, Michael Gitonobel1, Rucha D

1 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University,
Clayton, Australia. 2 Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia. 3 De-

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partment of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University,
Casamassima, Italy. 4 Gastrointestinal Genetics
Lab, CIC bioGUNE – BRTA, Derio, Spain. 5 Ikerbasque,
Basque foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain. 6
Department of Anatomay and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia. 7 Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia. 8
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Beijing, China. 9 School of Biosciences,
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Monash University, Clayton, Australia. 11 Max-Planck Institute for
Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cologne, Germany. 12
The Centre for Computational Biomedical Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Splicing is a key gene regulatory process in which certain sections of the synthesised RNA referred to as introns are removed with the joining of the adjacentexons. There is extensive variability in splicing that can
result in different proteins being produced by the samegene. Sequence variation can cause variability in splicing. Given the functional relevance of splicing, it becomes an important evolutionary mechanism throughwhich phenotypic variability could be achieved bothwithin and between species. Typically, splicing is lookedat an individual species level or at a molecular level,
but there are relatively few studies, who take a global approach and compare distinct species on theirsplicing variability and choice. We have exploited large
scale genome wide transcritomes and GWAS to decipher patterns of splicing and reveal some of the basic
features that govern splice site choice. Comparision of
GWAS hits reveal potential mechanisms of phenotypicvariation from flowering to human disease. Our studies provide experimentally verifiable principles of splicesite selection from yeast to plants to humans. Our latest comparative analysis and their evolutionary significance would be discussed.

P.0835 Comparative
analysis of simple sequence
repeats in the chloroplast
genomes of selected
Dracaena species

a key role, i.a. in genome evolution and gene expression. They are also widely used in DNA profiling, genetic
linkage or kinship analysis, and in forensic identification.
SSRs provide a broad resource for developing molecular markers necessary for species monitoring andconservation. Due to high reproducibility and high polymorphism with many alleles per locus and the possibility of transfer between species, SSR markers have foundwide application in genetic diversity studies and population structure analysis. The genus Dracena L. sensu
stricto (Asparagaceae) collects ca. 116 species distributed in Africa, Asia, Australia and Central America. Manyof its members are recognized ornamental plants e.g.,
D. fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl., while others are used for medicinal purposes and social functions e.g., D. cinnabariBalf.f. These variable plants inhabit different habitats
from equatorial forests to semideserts, but their taxonomy, pollination and dispersal modes as well as distributions are not fully known. Some of them are quite
widespread, while others are restricted to small areas.
The wild species of Dracaena are actual wild relatives
for ornamental varieties and an important source ofincome for collectors of “dragon’s blood”. The survivalof some species is threatened by the overexploitationof natural populations and climate change. The main
aim of the study was to analyze the distribution anddiversity of simple sequence repeats in the chloroplast
genomes of selected species of the Dracaena genus.
The obtained results expand knowledge about microsatellites and may help in both understanding the phylogeny of these taxa and in their conservation.

P.0836 Towards acomprehensive reference
genome for Reseda genus:
unravelling the genomic
landscape for conservationand evolutionary study

Konrad Celiński , Luiza Wolska , Joanna
Sikora1, Justyna Wiland-Szymańska1
1

1

1 Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), also known as microsatellites, are very important DNA segments that play

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Degli Alberti, Martina1,2, Martínez-García,
Irene, Martínez-Nieto, Isabel3, Soriano, Pilar3,
Bombarely, Aureliano2, Manrique, Silvia1
1 Instituto Universitario para la Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universidad
Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 2 Institutode Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP)
Primo-Yufera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC)- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 3 Jardín Botánico, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

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Reseda is a genus of flowering plants containing
more than 60 species, native to the temperate region of the north hemisphere. The genus has a biodiversity hotspot in the Mediterranean area, withthree related species native to the Iberian Peninsulawith interesting evolutionary properties. R. hookeri,
critically endangered, and R. barrelieri are hypothesized as tetraploid species adapted to coastal
cliffs and limestone habitats, respectively. These two
species coexist with R. alba, a wide-range species,
described as octoploid. Despite their significancein ecosystems, the genomic resources for Reseda
species remain limited. Here, we present our ongoing efforts towards generating high-quality reference genomes for R. alba, R. hookeri and R. barrelieri
to progress in the characterization and conservation of these species. For that, we have explored
best practices for the obtaining of good quality,
high-molecular-weight DNA from these plants, amandatory first step for the posterior sequencing
with the newest long-read sequencing platforms,
such as PacBio Revio. Through this, we aim to overcome the inherent complexities associated with
polyploidy within the Reseda genomes. The establishment of a high-quality reference genome willserve as a foundational resource for advancing research in the Reseda genus. Our initiative represents
a significant step towards unlocking the genomic
mysteries of the Reseda genus, paving the way forcomprehensive genomic and translational studies
aimed at harnessing the biodiversity and evolutionary innovations of these remarkable plant genus.

servation of Canadian species. CBP is currently generating the first set of high-quality genome assemblies of ~400 Canadian species, including over 100
Canadian land plants, to demonstrate how genomics can aid in conservation, biodiversity research,
restoration, and species monitoring. Species selection was coordinated in consultation with stakeholders and experts to select species of relevanceto Canada. We focused on species that are either
native or invasive/established. Selection criteria include economic importance (crops, weeds), conservation status, cultural significance, and scientific interest to Canadian researchers, with a special
interest in Arctic plants. While the focus for vascular plants is on diploid plants with small genomes,
we are including several polyploids and/or plants
with large genomes as proof-of-concept for futurephases of CBP. The goal is to produce high-quality(haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level) assemblies that are publicly available to researchers andother stakeholders. The project also aims to develop
genomic information and bioinformatic tools to inform policy, conservation and monitoring. We provide an update on the status of the selected Canadian species, development of collection protocols,and progress on test species—including axenicallygrown bryophytes.

P.0837 Progress on theplant side of the Canada
BioGenome project

Benjamin Jackson1, Adam Bates1,
Isabelle Clayton-Lucey1, Amy Denton1,
Juan Pablo Narvaez Gomez1, Jessie Jay1,
Graeme Oatley1, Priyanka Sethu Raman1,
Elizabeth Sinclair1, Abitha Thomas1, Halyna
Yatsenko1, Caroline Howard1

P.0838 Plants of the Treeof Life Programme: past,present and future

Sean W. Graham1, Marco Todesco1,2,Samantha Jones3, The Land-Plant Panelof the Canada BioGenome Project4,
Steven Jones3,5

1 Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire, UK.

1 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 2 Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
Canada. 3 BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver,
Canada. 4 Multiple Canadian Academic Institutions 5. Department of Medical Genetics, Universityof British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
The Canada BioGenome Project (CBP) is part of the
Earth BioGenome Project, which aims to sequence
the genomes of all the eukaryotic biodiversity. The
project is relevant to scientific exploration and con-

The Darwin Tree of Life Programme is a collaboration of scientific partners producing high-quality
reference genomes for all 70,000 known eukaryotic
species of animals, plants, fungi and protists in Britain and Ireland. Having publicly released 1,000 reference level genome assemblies in October 2023, andwith thousands more in the pipeline, the development of bespoke procedures has proven crucial inmeeting the demands of simultaneously processing
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ly. A key challenge has been the isolation of pure,high-quality and high molecular weight genomic
DNA; a prerequisite to generating adequate longread sequencing data. For plants, the exceptional
heterogeneity observed amongst species at all taxon levels has presented a unique set of challenges
that each require bespoke solutions. For example,
the abundance of inhibitory sugars, oils and otherendogenous biochemicals present in the tissuesof recalcitrant plants often impede the extractionof DNA and its aligned procedures. Whilst the arrayof resilient structures often owed to the extracellular matrix of plants necessitates the use of laborious, mechanical cryogenic disruption procedures.
Meanwhile, further complexities are introduced by
the abundance of species with exceptionally large
genome sizes, such as Viscum album (ca. 90 gigabase pairs), or species with specimens of exceptionally small size, such as non-vascular plants.
Reaching 100 complete plant genome assemblies inJanuary 2024, with over 800 species being actively
processed, the laboratory team continues to systematically innovate and optimise its methodologies to meet ever more complex challenges. A suiteof modular procedures has been developed focusing on the reception, preparation and homogenisation of specimens, along with the extraction, purification and processing of nucleic acids. This poster
will investigate ToL’s plant extraction pipeline within
the context of long-read sequencing for reference
level genome assembly, challenges and obstacles
met along the way, and methods for standardisingthese approaches at scale.

P.0839 A chromosomescale genome assembly
and recombination map
of Pedicularis cranolopha
reveals determinants ofgenetic diversity

has radiated throughout temperate and alpine
regions of the northern hemisphere, most notably
the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains of China, where >300 species are endemic.
Here we present the first chromosome-scale genome assembly and recombination map of Pedicularis cranolopha as a new genomic resource
for this clade. Using genome-wide re-sequencing data from P. cranolopha, and RAD-seq datafrom ~100 additional species, we examine genome-wide patterns of diversity and divergencein sliding windows along chromosomes. We examine correlates of diversity across the genome,
including gene content, repetitive elements, andrecombination rate. Windows with high recombination in P. cranolopha exhibit greater diversityand divergence both within P. cranolpha (acrosspopulations) as well as across the diversity of
species examined. This suggests that the recombination map is relatively conserved acrossthis clade, and that patterns of diversity acrossgenomes may be influenced more by genome
structure than adaptation.

P.0840 Optimization of
nuclei isolation for highmolecular weight DNA
extraction from wild plants
Irene Martínez-García1; Martina
Deglialberti2; Aureliano, Bombarely2;
Mario Xavier Ruiz-González1; SantiagoVilanova1; Silvia Manrique1
1 Instituto Universitario para la Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universidad
Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 2 Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas Primo-Yufera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas -Universidad Politécnica de Valencia,
Valencia, Spain.

Jason Leung1, Jianjun Jin1, Patrick
McKenzie2, Jared Meek1, Deren Eaton1
1. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA
2. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University,
Cambridge, USA
The genus Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) is a diverse clade of hemiparasitic flowering plants that

Obtaininghigh-quality,
high-molecular-weight(HMW) DNA is mandatory for constructing reference
genomes, yet it remains a significant challenge,
particularly for non-model plant species. Many
plants contain polysaccharides and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and tannins, whichhinder DNA extraction. Exposure to multiple environmental stresses along their lives exacerbate thisissue in wild plants collected from nature, as they
may synthesize additional compounds that impair
DNA extraction. This study investigates the efficacy

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angustifoliaand Limbarda crithmoides—each possessing unique traits complicating DNA extraction(e.g., succulence, lignification, coloration). Samples
were collected from El Saler (Valencia), and multiple protocols for nuclei isolation and DNA extraction
were tested. The results were systematically evaluated to compile a comprehensive best practices
guide, aiding researchers in selecting optimal methods tailored to their species of interest. This guideserves as a valuable resource for future endeavours
in genome research, facilitating advancements inunderstanding and conservation efforts for diverse
plant species.

P.0841 The Darwin Treeof Life project: progressin sequencing the wholegenomes of the flora of
Britain and Ireland

the Plant Working Group has collected >1,100 plants,of which >100 have been fully sequenced and are
now publicly available (see portal.darwintreeoflife.
org). These include some of our most emblematic
species, such as the orchard apple (Malus domestica) and the shamrock (Trifolium dubium), as wellas other ecologically important species such ascommon ivy (Hedera helix) and twisted bogmoss(Sphagnum contortum). In addition, a complete
chromosome-level genome assembly of the parasitic mistletoe Viscum album has been released. Witha genome size of ~90 Gb and therefore ~30x the sizeof a human genome, this represents the largest genome assembled so far. The genomic information
retrieved from the high-quality genomes will be invaluable for helping to understand the origins andfuture of plant biodiversity and how species are best
preserved in the face of climate change. It provides
key resources to enable step-changes in the fields ofconservation, biology, medicine and biotechnology.

P.0842 Development ofgenomic resources in
Mexican Bursera (section
Bullockia: Burseraceae)

José I. Márquez-Corro1, Ilia J. Leitch1,
Michelle L. Hart2, Maarten J.M.
Christenhusz1, Alex Twyford2,3, David
Bell2, Laura L. Forrest2, Sahr Mian1,
Andy Griffiths2, Markus Ruhsam2, Peter
Hollingsworth2, Paul Kersey1

Yessica Rico1, Gustavo P. Lorenzana2,
Bode A. Olukolu3
1 Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Instituto de Ecología, Michoacán, Mexico. 2
School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, USA. 3 Department of Entomology and Plant
Pathology, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, USA.

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Royal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, UK. 3 Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Under the umbrella of the Earth Biogenome Project(earthbiogenome.org), whose ambition is to sequence the genomes of all eukaryotic life on earth,the Darwin Tree of Life consortium is a collaborative
project between biodiversity, genomics and analysis partners from across Britain and Ireland. The
overall aim is to generate platinum-grade chromosome-level genome assemblies of the ~70,000 eukaryotic organisms that inhabit the archipelago ofislands that constitute Britain and Ireland.
With a focus on the ~2,700 native land plants (comprising ~1,600 vascular plants and ~1,100 bryophytes),
the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (the Plant Working Group) coordinate the collecting of plants. These are then sequenced, assembled, curated and released into the
public domain by the Wellcome Sanger Institute in
Cambridge, UK. Since the start of the project in 2019

Bursera comprises ~100 tropical shrub and tree species with the center of species diversification in Mexico. Genomic resources developed for the genus are
scarce and have limited the study of gene flow, local
adaptation, and hybridization dynamics. In this study,
based on ~155 million Illumina paired end reads per
species, we performed a de novo nuclear genome
assembly and annotation of three Bursera species of
the Bullockia section: B. bippinata, B. cuneata, and B.
palmeri. We also characterized their complete chloroplast genome structure and functional annotation. The total length of the genome assemblies was
253, 237, and 229 Mb for B. cuneata, B. palmeri andB. bippinata, respectively. The assembly of B. palmeri
retrieved the most complete and single-copy BUSCOs (87.3%) relative to B. cuneata (86.5%) and B. bipinnata (76.6%). The ab initio gene prediction identified between 21,000–32,000 protein-coding genes.

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For the chloroplast (Cp) genome sizes, they ranged
from 159,824 to 159,872 bp in length. The three Cp
genomes consisted of 135 genes, of which 90 werefunctional, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. A comparison of
the three Cp genomes revealed that they were relatively conserved, with the LSC region exhibiting thegreatest nucleotide divergence. Moreover, for boththe nuclear and chloroplast genomes, we identified
simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Phylogenetic relationships within Burseraceae using Bayesian inference confirmed that Commiphora is the sister taxa
of Bursera. Our work contributes to the developmentof Bursera’s genomic resources for taxonomic, evolutionary, and ecological studies.

life history strategies among clades. The results of thisstudy also have practical implications for phylogenetic analyses of combined plant organellar genomes,
as plant mitochondrial genomes are usually excluded
from phylogenetic inference due to their slow rates of
evolution and disparate evolutionary dynamics.

P.0843 Rates of nuclear,plastid, and mitochondrial
evolution are linked in land
plantsBrian du Preez 1,2, Brian D. Schrire 3, Léanne
L. Dreyer 2, Charles H. Stirton 1, Samson
B.M. Chimphango 1, A. Muthama Muasya 1

P.0844 Biogeography of theCape Clade of Indigofera:
Exploring patterns that
resulted in an immenseradiation in the GCFR

1 Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. 2
Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch
University, South Africa. 3 Honorary Research Associate, Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.

Yasmin Asar1, Hervé Sauquet1,2,3, Simon
Y.W. Ho1
1 University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 2 Botanic
Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, Australia. 3 University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Mutation rates in plants can be affected by factors
such as UV irradiation, temperature, rate of growth,and the efficiency of DNA repair systems. A link between evolutionary rates across the nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes would indicatethat these genomes respond to mutagenic factors insimilar ways, or that they share systems of DNA repair.
By using the most accurate and powerful methods todate, we tested whether the evolutionary rates of nuclear and organellar genomes are coupled in plants.
We sampled major clades from land plants (Embryophyta), including angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns,
and bryophytes, as well as three parasitic angiosperm
clades (Rafflesia, Orobanchaceae, and Opiliaceae).
We found that evolutionary rates of nuclear and chloroplast genomes were linked in each group of land
plants we tested, except for the parasitic angiosperms.
Overall, rates of nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial evolution were linked in plants, but these patterns
are less pronounced for mitochondrial markers. We
found that mitochondrial genes displayed the highest
rate variation across lineages, followed by nuclear andthen chloroplast genes. Overall, these findings indicatethat nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes inland plants are similarly affected by factors that alter rates of mutation, despite considerable variation in

The genus Indigofera L. is globally distributed, comprising over 750 species. Three of the four main globally
recognized clades display intercontinental distributions, while the Cape Clade (140 species) is restricted
to southern Africa. Most species in this clade are endemic to the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), a
small area in the south-western corner of South Africa
that is characterized by a winter rainfall regime andunique Fynbos Biome flora. The Cape Clade has aninferred origin in the Succulent Biome at the southernedge of the Namib Desert approximately 22 mya, with
I. nudicaulis representing the earliest diverging lineage, predating other extant Cape Clade lineages by
ca. 10 my. Lineages within the Cape Clade, classified
as sections and subsections, show remarkable biogeographic patterns, based on biome preference andassociated edaphic and climatic conditions. Sections
Digitatae and Oligophyllae, which have Succulent Biome origins, are most diverse, but are not restricted
to this biome, with multiple shifts into Temperate andgrass-rich Subtropical Thicket and Grassland Biomes
taking place. Section Juncifoliae appears to represent an early dispersal into the Temperate Fynbos
Biome, particularly in seasonally wet areas. Sections
Productae and Brachypodae are recent and diverse
radiations derived from a Succulent Biome ancestor,
that are endemic to Fynbos, but not in seasonally wet
areas. The only areas that have mixing of Succulent
and Temperate lineages are along the coast of the438

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Temperate Biome, typically in Fynbos and Strandveld
vegetation types. Lineages from the three other global clades show similar patterns, having origins in the
Succulent or grass-rich Biomes, before dispersing into
Temperate Fynbos. This suggests that the Temperate

Fynbos Biome is a sinkage area for multiple Indigofera
lineages, that have adapted to the edaphic conditionsof the region to such an extent, that they are unable todisperse back into other biomes.

S.092. LEGUME SYSTEMATICS: FROMCOLLABORATIVE NETWORKS TO GENOME
SEQUENCING
P.0845 The significance ofrepeatome differentiation of
Albizia s.l. (Leguminosae) in
Neotropical colonization
Géssica S. Santos1,2, Lucas Costa1,
Magdalena Vaio Scvortzoff3, Ana Paula
Moraes4, Gustavo Souza1, Maria J. G. deAndrade2
1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 2 Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Paulo Afonso, Brazil. 3 University of the Republic, Montevideo,
Uruguay. 4 Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio deMesquita Filho, Botucatu, Brazil.
The repeatome corresponds to the most dynamic portion of plant genomes, due to its rapid evolution, andits activity can be impacted by environmental aspects.
Albizia s.l. encompasses ~140 species with conflicting
phylogenetic relationships. Recently the group has undergone taxonomic changes, including the relocationof neotropical taxa into a new genus, Pseudoalbizia. We
comparatively analyzed the repeatomes of 31 taxa of
Albizia s.s., and representatives of closely related genera covering different continents and aimed to discusspossible biogeographic implications in repeat evolution. We used RepeatExplorer to characterize the lineages of repeats in a temporal and phylogenetic context. For this, we constructed a dated phylogenetic tree
based on complete plastomes. This topology showedstrong support for two main clades: A (Pseudoalbizia +Hydrochorea obliquifoliata – 10.5 Mya) and B (Albizia s.s.
– 7.5 Mya). Transposable elements (TEs) represented
the most abundant portion of the all repeatomes, especially the Ty3-Gypsy and Ty1-Copia superfamilies of
LTR retrotransposons. High abundances and variability
in the Tekay (52% - 17%), Athila (46% - 17%), and SIRE (9.4%- 0.22%) lineages suggest they contributed to genomic

diversification in the group. A clear differentiation was
revealed between the repeatomes of neotropical taxa
compared to others, with genomic synapomorphies including the sharing of unique clusters of TEs, and DNA
satellite (satDNA). While specific satDNAs were detected in Old World species. Our data suggest that the plesiomorphic geographic distribution of Albizia s.s. (Africa
and Asia) is associated with more similar repeatomes,
while the colonization of the Neotropical region appears
to have been accompanied by strong differentiation inthis genomic fraction. This scenario corroborates withfossil records that highlight Asia as the center of origin
for Albizia. Suggesting that colonization of a new environment with differentiation in ecological conditions
can impact repeat evolution.

P.0846 Does adaptive
radiation impact repeat
evolution? Comparative
genomic analysis of Acacia
subg. Phyllodineae (DC) Ser.
(Leguminosae)
Géssica S. Santos1 2, Yennifer MataSucre1, Lucas Costa1, Maria José Gomes
de Andrade2, Andrea Pedrosa-Harand1,
Gustavo Souza1
1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 2 Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Paulo Afonso, Brazil.
Plant genomes composition shows high variability, especially due to the diversity of repetitive elements andtheir abundance fluctuations across evolutionary time.
However, it is unclear how certain evolutionary events,
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repeatome. Acacia subg. Phyllodineae (1,084 species)
underwent adaptive radiation in Australia about 5
Mya. Most of the subgenus belong to the Pilbara clade,which had an increased rate of diversification in dry
environments. The main repetitive DNA classes of 50
taxa of the subgenus Phyllodineae were characterizedthrough a comparative genomic analysis. Low coverage (genome skimming) reads were comparatively
analysed and the repeat evolution was interpreted
under a full plastome phylogeny. Overall, the repetitive fraction comprised (15 - 48%) of the genomes, witha higher proportion of LTR Ty1/copia/SIRE retrotransposons in most species. Approximately 90% of the clusters included transposable elements (TEs) and mostof these were shared between species, with a small
variation in abundance among genomes. In contrast,
satellite DNAs (satDNAs) were highly dynamic, withlow phylogenetic reach. The early diverging lineages
had the highest diversity of satDNA families, with somebeing subclade-specific. The Pilbara clade showed alower diversity of satDNAs, as well as more conserved
TEs abundances. Our results support the satellite library hypothesis as an explanation for the evolution ofthese repeats. Compared with plastome topology, thisclade showed no phylogenetic resolution in both repeat abundance or similarity topologies. The low rates
of repeat evolution identified here could be related to
the recent age and arboreal habit of the Pilbara clade.
In this scenario, the homogeneity in the repetitive genomic fraction can be explained by mutation/drift, but
the generated patterns of repeat abundance/similarity
were insufficient for phylogenetic reconstruction. Thus,
despite the ecological/morphological diversification,
our data suggest that adaptive radiation is not necessarily accompanied by repeatome diversification.

P.0847 Phylogenomics ofGenisteae (Fabaceae)
and implications for the
distribution of quinolizidine
alkaloids

nism against pests, and can be very beneficial for crop
species. One of the major challenges to understanding the evolution of QAs is that there still has not been
a comprehensive phylogeny of Genisteae; thus, many
relationships remain unresolved among the genera.
This study aims to build a phylogeny for Genisteae
and then use it as a framework for assessing the distribution and major classes of QAs. We have sampled
41 species representing 24 genera of Genisteae. This
contains representatives from nearly every genus withthe exception of Argyrocytisus, which was unavailable.
The plastomes have been assembled and have an
average size of 152,153 base pairs, and 1,546 low-copy
nuclear genes have been retrieved using PhyloHerb.
Phylogenies were constructed for both the plastomeand nuclear data using maximum likelihood (ML), coalescence, and Bayesian methods. The resulting trees
were then compared for congruence using several topology testing methods, including RELL approximation,
Kishino-Hasegawa (KH), Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH),expected likelihood weight (ELW), and approximately
unbiased (AU). The phylogenetic trees identified several
monophyletic groups, including the Lupinus clade, theCytisus-Genista complex, the Argyrolobium group, and
the Anarthrophyllum group. The Argyrolobium group is
in its predicted position at the base of Genisteae andthe newly identified Anarthrophyllum group, containing
Anarthrophyllum, Polhillia, and Sellocharis, is sister to theremaining genera of the tribe. Alkaloids were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. QAs were then plotted on
the plastome and nuclear trees to examine their phylogenetic distribution. QAs are present in almost all thetaxa, which agrees with existing literature. Intermediate
compounds have also been found in almost all taxa,
including taxa without QA compounds present, which
may suggest a partially present biosynthetic pathway.

P.0848 Unraveling theevolution of Arthroclianthus
and Nephrodesmus: New
Caledonia’s only endemic
Leguminosae

Sarah Hunter1, Brian Sedio1, Domingos
Cardoso2, Tracey A. Ruhlman1, Robert K.
Jansen1
1 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA. 2 Jardim
Botanico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Genisteae is a legume tribe whose members are
known for producing quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs).
These compounds act as a natural defense mecha-

440

Zalko J1, Deroin T2, Favre A3, Jabbour F2,
Malem J4, Vandrot H5, Sarthou C2
1 Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech,
Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, IDEEV,
Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 2 Institut de Systématique,
Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire
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té des Antilles, Paris, France. 3 Regional Nature Parkof the Trient Valley, Salvan, Switzerland. 4 Okinawa
Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan. 5 Institut
Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), UMR AMAP Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
In the Pacific archipelago of New Caledonia, the combination of a specific geological history and diverse
landscapes has favored a rich and unique flora withalmost 75% of endemic vascular plant species. Arthroclianthus Baill. and Nephrodesmus Schindl. form theonly endemic group of Leguminosae of the archipelago. They exhibit distinct morphological characters andtheir specific delineation is challenging. While supporting the Arthroclianthus-Nephrodesmus clade, previous phylogenetic reconstructions based on nuclear
and chloroplastic markers questioned the monophyly of each genus and dated the diversification of thegroup within the last 10 million years. In this study we
aim to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within
the group using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
data. We retrieve various loci, including full chloroplast
genomes for all the 17 morphological species in thegroup and we explore new diagnostic morphologicalcharacters, with a particular focus on understudied
fruit morphology. We identify morphological groups
supported by the phylogenetic reconstructions, yet
incongruences between chloroplast and nuclear
markers suggest introgression events, potentially influenced by shared ecological preferences within sympatric populations. The observed diversity in the groupis likely influenced by the unique ecological and geographic conditions in New Caledonia.

North and South America. In the phylogenetic tree oflegumes, the tribe Loteae is located close to the IRLC.
The genera Robinia and Sesbania, phylogeneticallyclose to Loteae, showed the presence of large rearrangements in the LSC (large single copy) region of
the plastid genome: 36 kb inversion in Robinia and 50
kb reversion in Sesbania. The slow evolution of plastid
sequences has led to a lack of proper resolution in therelationship between the large evolutionary branches
within Loteae by plastid markers, which can be overcome by whole genome sequencing. The main objectives of the study include: 1. Complete reading and annotation of ca.15 plastid genomes of representatives oflarge genera of the tribe Loteae. 2. Conducting structural and phylogenetic analyses of the plastomes. All
plastomes were sequenced using Illumina platform. To
date, we have 22 plastid genomes (including six from
GenBank), which belong to 20 species from six genera of the tribe Loteae (Acmispon, Anthyllis, Coronilla,
Hippocrepis, Hosackia and Lotus), as well as Sesbania
cannabina and Robinia pseudoacacia as ougroups.
The results obtained and preliminary conclusions: 1.
The plastomes of representatives of the tribe Loteae
have a conservative structure with only minor rearrangements, unlike those of the closest related groups(Robinia and Sesbania). 2. The genome-wide plastid
data showed a good phylogenetic signal, which allowed to resolve the relationship between the large
evolutionary branches of the tribe, such as Hippocrepis, Coronilla and Anthyllis.
Acknowledgements: The study is supported by the
Russian Science Foundation, project 23-24-00052.

P.0850 Characterizationand phylogenetic analysisof the complete chloroplast
genome of Colutea triphylla(Fabaceae: Coluteae)

P.0849 Structural andphylogenetic analysis ofplastid genomes in Loteae(Leguminosae): the first
results

Mahtab Moghaddam1, Shahrokh
Kazempour-Osaloo1, Atsushi Ohta2, Motoki
Shimizu3, Ryohei Terauchi2

Tatiana Kramina , Yury Kopylov-Guskov ,Tahir Samigullin1
1

1

1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow,
Russia.
The subfamily Papilionoideae of Leguminosae is characterized by numerous rearrangements of the plastid genome, especially in the IRLC (Inverted Repeat
Lacking Clade). The tribe Loteae includes 16 genera
and about 280 species of herbs, semi-shrubs andshrubs, common in Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Oceania,

1 Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Kyoto
University, Japan, 3 Iwate Biotechnology ResearchCenter, Japan.
The chloroplast genome (plastome) is an essential organelle in photosynthetic cells, playing a vital role in maintaining life. Plastome typically has
a circular quadripartite structure composed of
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gions (IRa and IRb) separating large single-copy
region (LSC) and small single-copy region (SSC).
Compared with the nuclear and mitochondrial
genomes, the plastome across seed plants arehighly conserved in gene structure and composition. However, different rearrangements havebeen reported at the genome and gene levels ofsome angiosperm lineages. Fabaceae (legumes),
the third largest angiosperm family, demonstrateextreme structural variations in the plastome. Inverted repeat lacking clade (IRLC) with 52 genera and over 4,000 species and nine tribes, is thelargest legume lineage which the plastomes ofmost important genera of this clade (at least one
species) have been sequenced to date. Thus, it isessential to investigate representatives from other taxa to better understand plastome evolution
within the IRLC, and more broadly within legumes.
In this context, the genus Colutea which is poorly
studied, is a good candidate for sequencing theplastid genome and investigating plastome evolution in the IR-loss clade. Here we report the firstcomplete chloroplast genome of Colutea triphylla Bunge ex Boiss. is sequenced using Illumina
Hiseq 2000 platform. This species with shrubby/
sub-shrubby habit, is endemic to Iran.The wholechloroplast genome is 123,929 bp in length andcontains 110 genes, including 76 protein coding
genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. In addition, the atpF intron was absent. The overall GC
content of the whole genome is 34.1%. Phylogenetic
analysis based on protein sequences of 34 chloroplast genomes indicated that C. triphylla andSphaerophysa salsula were closely related, whichis congruent with previous studies. This study provides valuable information to the molecular phylogenetic and genetic diversity in future.

generated vegetations and serves as a forage
shrub. To understand the genomic basis underlying its drought-tolerant adaptability, we produced
a chromosomal-scale genome assembly andannotation for C. korshinskii. Our synteny analyses rejected the occurrence of a genus-specificwhole-genome duplication (WGD) event that was
proposed by the recent transcriptome analyses of this species and other congeners. Despite
the lack of a WGD, more than 3,000 gene families expanded their copy numbers in C. korshinskii,
among which numerous ones respond to drought
stress and elevate their expressions. These genes
increase their expressions during drought and are
involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis, osmoticbalance, reactive oxygen species scavenging, andcellular protection and damage repair. Additionally, we demonstrate that the overexpression ofeight tandemly duplicated dehydrin genes greatly
improves the survival rates of C. korshinskii seedlings under drought stress. Therefore, these tandem duplications likely contribute to drought-tolerance by increasing gene dosage. Together, ourresults provide new insights into how this legume
shrub has obtained long-term drought adaptationin desert regions. Ultimately, the stress-responsive
gene repertoire in C. korshinskii may serve as apotential genetic source for genetically breeding
drought-tolerant crops.

P.0851 Genomic insights
into the drought adaptationof Caragana korshinskii(Fabaceae), a forage shrub
widely planted in drylands
Shengdan Wu1
1 State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement
and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
The highly drought-tolerant Korshinsk peashrub(Caragana korshinskii) is commonly planted inarid and semi-arid regions to restore locally de-442

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S.093. LET PEOPLE COME TO BOTANY II:
IMPROVING FLORA KNOWLEDGE THROUGHINATURALIST
P.0852 Introduction of
citizen science using
iNaturalist for teaching at
higher education
José Blanco-Salas1, Míriam HernándezDel-Barco2, Isaac Corbacho-Cuello3,
Jesús Sánchez-Martín3
1 Área de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura. Badajoz, Spain. 2 Departamento de Física y Matemáticas, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Alcalá. Madrid, Spain. 3Área de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales,
Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad deExtremadura. Badajoz, Spain.
Botany has traditionally been seen by students
as a boring and difficult subject, although it is
crucial for understanding ecosystems and biology. Citizen science is a method used in scienceeducation to engage students with botany. The
Biomarathon of Spanish Flora is a successful example of this. The aim of this work is to describe,
analyse and offer a teaching strategy for teaching botany in higher education, emphasising
the value of citizen science projects. The study
was developed at the University of Extremadura(Spain) with 61 prospective teachers (80.3 % of
the students enrolled). The sample was chosen
intentionally among students in the fourth yearof the Degree in Primary Education, enrolled in
the subject of “Knowledge of the Natural Environment” who voluntarily decided to participate in
the activity. This activity involves observing andrecording information of different botanical using a mobile application (iNaturalist). The participants made a total of 1829 observations, of which
148 have so far reached “research grade”, whichmeans that they are scientific contributions withpotential use for scientific purposes. Remarkably,
one of the observations has already been confirmed as a chorological novelty for a Spanish
province. The evaluation of the students by theteacher, which was carried out by means of arubric, gave very positive results for this activity.

The success achieved in evaluating and qualifying the students confirms that using iNaturalist
in higher education, with prior training and a defined and clear objective, can serve to generatequality scientific data. This can also help to ensure that citizen science is given the value that it
deserves. Of course, it is necessary to supervise
and check the contributions of the participants.
But the validation of these contributions will allow
them to be considered for what they are: scientific data with real applicability.

P.0853 InvaPlant: citizen
science for the detection ofinvasive alien flora in Spain
Adrián García Rodríguez1, Sara
Santamarina1, Andrea Fernández Gómez1,
Jorge Miguel Isabel Rufo1, Carmela
Capistrós Bitrián1, Marta Viu Cuerda2,
Noelia Vallejo Pedregal2
1 Department of Natural Environment, TRAGSATEC,
Madrid, Spain. 2 Directorate-General of Biodiversity,
Forests, and Desertification, Ministry for EcologicalTransition and the Demographic Challenge, Madrid, Spain.
Invasive alien flora presents a threat to biodiversity. Citizen science is a valuable tool to raiseawareness and engage society to confront thischallenge. In line with this, the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challengeof Spain launched “InvaPlant” in 2023, a citizen
science initiative for the detection and monitoring of invasive alien flora in the national territory. Target species, referred to as “invaplants,” areflora taxa from the Spanish Catalog of Invasive
Exotic Species (Royal Decree 630/2013) and thosefrom the List of Invasive Alien Species of Union
Concern (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141) detected in Spain. Presence
records are automatically collected through an
iNaturalist collection project (https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/invaplant). Users may contrib-

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ute by taking clear photographs of representative parts of specimens, facilitating identification,and capturing the surrounding environment toestimate abundance and improve knowledge ofinvasion-prone environments. Hundreds of members got involved with InvaPlant in its first year
and over 2000 observers have contributed to theinitiative. “Invaplanters” have revealed provincial and regional chorological novelties in Spain,
highlighting their key role in early detection. Validated data from iNaturalist will contribute tomeet Spain’s conservation legal commitments.
Increased social engagement has boosted thedetection of invasive alien plants in Spain. If you
wish to contribute to the search for “invaplants”
join the iNaturalist project and encourage yourcolleagues to explore their environment interactively, promoting environmental awarenessabout this issue. You can find more informationon our social media channels (@InvaPlant).

P.0854 In the head ofAsteraceae: Citizen
science data as a tool tostudy plant-arthropodinteractions
Iván Pérez-Lorenzo1,2, Luis Palazzesi3,
Neus Nualart1, Jeanne de Montaignede Poncins1,4, Teresa Garnatje1,5, Jaume
Pellicer Moscardó1,6, Oriane Hidalgo1,6

animal on a plant, to screen those on Asteraceae
species. Out of approximately 37,500 verified arthropod observations (insects and crab spiders)from our study area encompassing the Pyrenees
and surrounding territories, 2305 records of Asteraceae-arthropod interactions were gathered.
They span altitudes from 116 to 2903 m and a time
range from 1982 to 2023. The objectives of thisstudy were: (1) to assess the completeness of thesampling by using species accumulation curves,(2) to examine the diversity of capitulum visitors
across different groups of Asteraceae using rarefaction-extrapolation estimates based on sampling coverage and effective number of taxa and(3) to analyze the interaction patterns throughbipartite network properties. A list of 366 floral
visitor species from 68 families is reported andgrouped as “pollinators”, “phytophagous”, “insect
predators”, “complex relationship” and “apparently neutral interactors”. 48 species of Asteraceae have been identified in these interactions,with the remaining observations identified at thegenus or tribe level. The properties of the interaction network were compared to a null model
to study the effect of randomness on the results
obtained. Finally, iNaturalist data were comparedwith those obtained from our own field observations to discuss the usefulness, bias and limits ofcitizen science as a source of information for the
study of plant-arthropod interactions.

1 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat deFarmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat deBarcelona, Barcelona, Spain 3 Museo Argentino deCiencias Naturales, CONICET, División Paleobotánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4 AGRAPOLE - ISARA
LYON, Lyon, France. 5 Jardí Botànic Marimurtra Fundació Carl Faust, Blanes, Spain. 6 Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.
The growing use of citizen science platforms enables scientists to obtain large amounts of quality data, optimizing sampling efforts to cover increasingly larger spatial and temporal extensions.
This research focuses on characterizing plant-arthropod interactions, and more specifically thosethat may impact reproductive success (e.g., pollination, pollen feeding), for one of the most diverse botanical families, the Asteraceae, throughthe use of iNaturalist. We took advantage of thefact that arthropod observations often show the444

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S.095. MALVACEAE: PROGRESS & PROSPECTS
IN EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH IN THE COTTON& CACAO FAMILY
P.0855 Effect of organic
fertilizer applications onyield and fiber quality
in cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.)

P.0856 Phylogeny of
the Pachira sensu latoclade (Bombacoideae,
Malvaceae) with new
infrageneric classification
based on DNA sequences

Suat Daskin1, Sema Basbag2

Vania N. Yoshikawa1, Júlia S. Siqueira1,
William S. Alverson2, Alexandre W. S.
Hilsdorf1, Letícia R. Morais1, Flávia F. Pezzini3,
Marília C. Duarte1,*

1 Dicle University Institute of Science and Technology, Diyarbakir, Turkey. 2 Dicle University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Failure to replace the decreasing plant nutrients inthe soil with mineral and organic fertilizers leads tolosses in soil fertility and consequently in the product.
The use of environmentally friendly organic fertilizers
that can be an alternative to the use of chemicalfertilizers is of great importance for the realization ofsustainable agriculture. This study, which was carried out to determine the effect of different dosesof organic fertilizer (liquid seaweed) application onyield and fiber quality in cotton, was established in
the 2018-2019 cotton growing season in Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Experimental
areas according to the Split Plots Experimental Design in randomized blocks with 3 replications. In the
study, varieties (BA440, BA119, Gloria) constituted themain plots and treatment doses (Control, 300ml,
200ml, 100ml) constituted the sub-plots. The treatments were carried out during the cotton combing
period. The effects of organic fertilization on plant
yield and fiber quality were examined. The effects oforganic fertilizer doses on yield, fiber durability, ginning yield, first fruit branch internode height and bollnumber were found to be significant. In the study,
the highest values of cotton mass yield were obtained from 300 ml/da dose application of BA119 variety with 493.69 kg/da; the highest ginning yield was
obtained from 300 ml/da dose application of BA119
variety with 44.91%; the highest number of bolls was
obtained from 300 ml/da dose application of BA119
variety with 14.4 pcs/plant; the most resistant fibers
were obtained from 100 ml/da dose application of
Gloria variety with 36.3 g/tex.

1 University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil. 2 University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburg, UK,*mariliacd@umc.br.
The Pachira s.l. clade (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae)
comprises ca. 73 species and includes the genera
Eriotheca and Pachira. Pachira is the richest genus
within the subfamily Bombacoideae, with ca. 45
species mainly in the Neotropical region. Eriothecacontains ca. 26 species, most of them occurring in
Brazil, predominantly in Atlantic Rainforest and Cerrado biogeographic regions. In previous phylogenetic analyses, Pachira emerged as paraphyletic, in
two distinct lineages: an Amazonian Pachira clade,and its sister clade comprising Eriotheca and Extra-Amazonian Pachira. However, those results werebased on a sample of less than 50% of all species
in Pachira s.l. clade. This study explores relationships
within the Pachira s.l. clade, specifically testing themonophyly of the genera Eriotheca and Pachira,and investigates the biogeographic history of theclade. In this current study, we sampled ca. 70% of
the species diversity in the clade and used nuclear and chloroplast molecular markers to infer new
phylogenetic hypothesis under Maximum Likelihood
and Bayesian frameworks. We inferred ancestralmorphological states and areas/biogeographic regions. Our analysis indicates that neither Eriothecanor Pachira is monophyletic. However, the subgenera described by Robyns (1963) are monophyletic
as are the clades of Pachira proposed by Carval-445

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ho-Sobrinho (2016). The ancestral areas reconstruction showed that the expansion of Dry Diagonal may
have been a catalyst that drove the evolution ofclades within Pachira s.l. Our analysis of morphological traits also supported the monophyly of seven subgenera. The “Amazonian Pachira clade” has
two-colored free part of stamens as synapomorphy;
the “Extra-Amazonian Pachira clade” is characterized by green petals; Pachira calophylla constitutes
a monospecific subgenus, by its longest petioluleamong Pachira; and all subgenera and species of
Eriotheca are now combined under Pachira, which
now has ca. 73 species.

P.0857 An overview
of digital collection ofpreserved specimens of
the Sida cuneifolia complex(Malvaceae, Malvoideae)
from Paleotropics

and S. cuneifolia (6). Except for S. cuneifolia, whichis restricted to India, the other species occur in Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Congo, Rwanda, Somalia, andUganda. Sida massaica is found only in Kenya andS. shinyangensis in Tanzania. Almost all the material was collected in the 20th century as part of local
flora, the most recent being in 2001, therefore, mostly
lack coordinate information. Thus, further update incurrent records of African flora in global repositories is needed, and to encourage more studies on
endemic species. Our study contributes to a better
understanding of the paleotropical flora and can beused to advance taxonomic, ecological, phylogenomic and evolutionary studies in Sida.

P.0858 Floral merosity
variation, taxonomy, andevolution of the Neotropicalgenus Mollia Mart.
(Malvaceae, Grewioideae)
Maria Tereza R. Costa1, Massimo G. Bovini1,
Elsie Franklin Guimarães1, Javier Fuertes
Aguilar2

Rafaela P. Camargo1*, Flávia F. Pezzini2,
Vania N. Yoshikawa3, Marília C. Duarte1
1 University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SãoPaulo, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland, Edinburgh, UK. 3 University of São Paulo, SãoPaulo, Brazil. *rafaela-camargo12@hotmail.com
Sida is one of the largest and most complex genus
in Malvaceae with about 200 species divided into
11 sections, including section Malachroideae, with23 species distributed in Brazil, Africa, India and Sri
Lanka. Sida cuneifolia Roxb., included in the sect.
Malachroideae, was described in Flora Indica as asmall, irregular, shrubby species with wedge-shaped
leaves. Because of its similarity to the African species Sida schimperiana A. Rich., they were treated as
the same taxon, until Vollesen in 1986 described the
Sida cuneifolia-complex with six species, including S.
schimperiana, and S. cuneifolia as endemic to India.
There has been no revision of this group since then,and there seems to be no consensus on treating S.
cuneifolia and S. schimperiana as separate species, as some databases consider them the same.
Therefore, we created a dataset of occurrence records of herborized species of the S. cuneifolia complex using global digital repositories. We curated 129
records of six species and verified their identifications. The most abundant species was S. tenuicarpa (56 records), followed by S. schimperiana (47),
S. massaica (8), S. tanaesis (6), S. shinyangensis (6),1 Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. 2 Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Mollia Mart. is an almost exclusively Amazonian genus
with 17 species described. The genus belongs to thesubfamily Grewioideae of Malvaceae, and is characterised by rudimentary stipules, simple leaves, androecium divided in two distinct whorls, capsule bilocularwith loculicidal dehiscence, and seeds distributed in
two rows. The genus lacks a recent taxonomic revision,so we have revised its taxonomy using molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses of individuals
from natural populations and herbarium specimens.
We concluded that the current number of species thatdeserves recognition is 19. From a morphological perspective, the species of the genus can be grouped into
two main groups: one with leaves completely serrate,
globular capsules, and seeds winged; and other withleaves with margin entire to serrate at the apex, sulcate capsules winged or not, and seeds non-winged.
In our phylogenetic study, plastid and ribosomal genes
suggest the presence of two main lineages, although
not completely congruent with those previously defined by morphological characters. The most striking
finding was the detection of some populations in alarge extent of occurrence about 1752 km2, in the northof Manaus (Brazil), by individuals which consistent-

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ly presented flowers with a reduction in the numberof pieces of the calyx, corolla and outer androecium
whorl from 5 to 3. The number of pieces by whorl tends
to be a constant trait within genera of Malvaceae. Although there some cases of within-species variationin corolla and/or calyx between 4-6, there are a few
cases among members of Grewioideae of a shift in
the number of pieces from pentamerous to trimerous
whorls (e.g. Entelea arborescens). This taxon has been
recently recognized as a new species, M. trimera.

first description to brevistylous flowers is presented,
being similar to longistylous flowers but with staminal tube longer than gynoecium and free filaments.
Waltheria glabribracteata is now accessed as Least
Concern according to IUCN criteria, due to its Extent
of Occurrence of 290,000,000 km2. This record highlighted the importance of botanical collection intaxonomic or floristic searches, with novelties to local flora and providing new data about distribution,
morphological variation, and conservation.

P.0859 Occurrence ofWaltheria glabribracteata(Malvaceae) in Colombia:
first record and descriptionof brevistylous flowers

P.0860 Comparative
proximate and chemical
analysis of two speciesof Corchorus olitorius(Malvaceae)

Miguel A. F. Jimenez1, Arthur Macedo2,
Thales S. Coutinho3

Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu1, Olalekan Yusuf1,
Akinyemi, Dorcas Obabi 1, Fagbemide,
Opemipo Mary1, Okonkwo Uchenna1,
Coker, Herbert2

1 Nacional University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. 2 Botanic Garden of the University of Coimbra,
Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 3
Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.
Waltheria L. is a genus of the Malvaceae family withapproximately 60 species, mainly distributed in the
Neotropical region. It is characterized by its heterostylous flowers, penicillate stigma and 1-carpelar
ovary. In Brazil, novelties have been published in thelast years, as Waltheria glabribracteata T.S. Coutinho& M. Alves. This species was described recently onlywith longistylous flowers, occurring only in limited areas from Brazil and Bolivia. During the floristic searchof Waltheria in Colombia carried out by the first author, a distinct species was recorded, and based onmorphological analysis and specific literature thistaxon was determined as W. glabribracteata, especially by its glabrous bracts and bracteoles, uniquecharacter in the genus. This record represents thefirst occurrence of this species to Colombia. The
morphologic description was based on samples
housed in COL, COAH and FMB herbaria, and theconservation status was accessed with geographic data from its total distribution (Brazil, Bolivia, andColombia). In Colombia, W. glabribracteata occurs
in rocky outcrops, habiting transition areas between
Savanna and Amazonian Forest, similarly in Brazil
and Bolivia (type areas). When described, W. glabribracteata had rounded blade leaves, however,in Colombia different morphotypes were presented,
with ovate to lanceolate blade leaves, but with glabrous bracts and bracteoles persistent. Besides, the1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria. 2 Department ofPharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Corchorus olitorius is a staple vegetable in the
sub-Saharian African region. It is consumed for
nutrition and also has varied medicinal properties.
There are scientific reports of its blood-boosting andantihypertensive effects. Numerous chemical analyses of the leaves showed significant amounts offolates, iron and proteins. In Western Nigeria, it wasobserved that two morphologically different plants
bear the same common names and are even identified as the same at a University Herbarium. One ofthe plants has distinct serrated leaf (SL) edges andthe other has smooth leaf (ML) edges. This study
aims to compare the chemical constituents of thetwo plants using phytochemical assays, proximate
mineral analysis, vitamin contents assays and Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to ascertain
their Chemotaxonomy and if possible differentiate
the two plants concretely. Also, the results of thechemical analysis will confirm the lore of the plant’s
blood-boostingandhypertension-modulating
properties. Preliminary chemical analysis showedthat SL and ML both do not have cadmium and only
ML has lead. They both had varying amounts of Arsenic, Copper, Zinc, Manganese and Cromium. SL
had 0.201 ppm, 1,311 ppm, 1.093 ppm, 2.045 ppm and447

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1.461 ppm while ML had, 0.503 ppm, 0.813 ppm, 1.107
pm, 3.001 ppm and 1.342 ppm, respectively. Thesefindings suggest differences in the chemical components of both plants and it is necessary to verify
which of the two is the original Corchorus olitorius.

P.0861 Unraveling Okra’s
adaptive strategies: insightsfrom SWEET17 expression
in response to dehydrationstressHagar T. Elhefnawi1, Diaa Abd el-Moneim2,
Mahmoud Magdy1,3
1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture,
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 2 Department ofPlant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University,
El-Arish, Egypt. 3 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), a member of theMalvaceae family, renowned for its culinary and nutritional value, possesses inherent resilience to dehydration stress, making it a valuable crop in regions
prone to water scarcity. In our study, we investigate
the molecular mechanisms underlying okra’s natural tolerance to dehydration stress, focusing on
the regulated patterns of gene expression. Utilizing
RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technology revealed asignificant upregulation of SWEET17 in response to
dehydration, indicating its pivotal role in mediatingwater stress tolerance in okra plants. A member of
the SWEET family (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported
Transporters), a group of transporters responsible
for the efflux of sugars across cellular membranes inplants. They play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed filling, and stress responses. To validate
the involvement of SWEET17 in the dehydration response, ongoing experiments employ CRISPR technology and overexpression transformation. These
endeavors aim to conclusively establish SWEET17’s
function in okra’s adaptive response to water scarcity, providing valuable insights into the genetic basis of stress tolerance in this resilient crop. The discovery of SWEET17’s upregulation in dehydrated okra
plants not only enriches our understanding of plant
adaptation mechanisms but also holds promise forenhancing crop resilience against environmental
challenges, such as drought. By unraveling the roleof SWEET genes in stress tolerance, researchers canpave the way for targeted breeding strategies todevelop drought-tolerant okra varieties, thus ensuring food security in water-limited regions. Moreover,these findings extend beyond okra, potentially influencing research in related crops within the Malvaceae family, such as cotton and cacao. Understanding
the genetic underpinnings of stress tolerance in okra
can inform comparative genomics studies acrossdiverse plant species, facilitating the identification ofconserved pathways and candidate genes for enhancing resilience in agriculturally important crops.

P.0862 A review of digitizedherbarium collectionsof the genus SpirothecaUlbr. (Malvaceae,
Bombacoideae)
Vania N. Yoshikawa1*, Flávia F. Pezzini2,
Matheus Colli-Silva3, William S. Alverson4,
Marília C. Duarte5, José R. Pirani1
1 University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland, Edinburgh,
UK. 3 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United
Kingdom. 4 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA. 5 Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi
das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil. *vania_nobuko@hotmail.com.
Spirotheca Ulbr. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) is aneotropical genus with six species found in Andean rainforests, Central America, and Brazil. Uniquein the family by its hemiepiphytic habit and spirally
arranged anthers (each with two superposed pairsof thecae), the most recent revision was in 2006. Inview of this nearly two-decade informational gap,
we constructed a dataset of occurrence records
from preserved specimens stored as of 2023, relying on global biodiversity repositories. We reviewed
taxonomic determinations and georeferencing procedures to yield maximum spatial accuracy. Downloads of 1,147 records allowed us to review, curate,and clean the data, guided by literature and author
expertise. The most recorded species include S. rosea (582 records), followed by S. rivieri (262), S. awadendron (52), S. elegans (20), S. michaeli (9), and S.
mahecae (2). Most specimens (713) were collectedin the 20th century, funded by US and European projects that facilitated South American fieldwork. Since
the 21st century, local support prevailed for new collections (305 specimens), with Brazil leading (281),
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76 specimens are identified only to genus, 52 are
identified with basionyms, and 117 with synonyms.
Conservation assessments categorize S. mahecae
as Critically Endangered, S. rosea as Least Concern,with other species unevaluated. Regarding to geographic precision, 559 records (48.7%) have coordi-

nates and 15 (1.3%) have zero coordinates. Our study
underscores the significance of enhancing SouthAmerican research for a deeper understanding ofNeotropical flora. This collaboration holds potential
for advancing taxonomic, ecological, phylogenomic, and evolutionary studies in Spirotheca.

S.096. MECHANICAL FORCES IN PLANTGROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
P.0863 The effect of
mechanical stress on the
anatomy and morphology
of Urtica dioica L.
Urszula Zajączkowska1, Dominika Dmitruk2,
Alicja Dołkin-Lewko1, Barbara Łotocka2
1 Department of Forest Botany, Warsaw Universityof Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. 2 Department of
Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw,
Poland.
Anatomical, morphological, and gene expression
changes in Urtica dioica plants subjected to mechanical stress were examined. The mechanicalimpact was simulated using a specially designed
device in which a sheet of paper was attached to a
40 cm long rotating link. The paper was constantly
moving and making gentle contact with the surfaceof the plants. The overall anatomical composition of
the touched plants was similar to that of the control
plants. There was a noticeable variation in the shapeof the internode cross-section. The stress-treatedplants initially had a four-ribbed structure. However, as the internodes advanced, their shape gradually changed into a rectangular configuration. The
epidermis of the control plants was decorated withdifferent types of trichomes, including simple setulose, glandular, and stinging trichomes. However, thetouched plants lacked stinging trichomes and thecallose accumulated more heavily on the setulose
trichomes. Cell wall lignification was observed at an
earlier stage in stress-treated plants than in the older internodes of control plants. According to genetic
analysis, UdTCH1 expression was significantly upregulated in contacted plants compared to control
plants, suggesting that the UdTCH1 gene is involvedin the mechanical stress response of plants. In contrast, the UdERF4 and UdTCH4 genes showed down-

regulation of expression under stress conditions. According to our findings, mechanical stress induces
a variety of anatomical, molecular, and morphological changes in nettle plants. However, additional
interdisciplinary research is needed to understandbetter the functional effects and mechanisms underlying these changes.

P.0864 Investigating thepresence of calcium oxalate
crystals in the Magnoliales
order
S. Aristidou1, R.H.J. Erkens1,2, G. Perversi1
1 Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Scienceand Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht,
The Netherlands. 2 System Earth Science, Facultyof Science and Engineering, Maastricht University,
Venlo, The Netherlands.
Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) is a crystalline biomineralfound in various plants. It occurs in five distinct morphologies, which are hypothesised to be regulated
by genetic processes. CaOx presence is recognised
in magnoliid species but little is known about their
phylogenetic distribution. Here we studied CaOx
morphologies within Magnoliaceae and Annonaceae to find out more on this. To extract the crystals,
5 dried and 37 freshly collected magnoliid species
were subject to a heavy liquid solution protocol
which utilised the densities of Caesium Chloride andCalcium Chloride, to collect the crystals. Extracted
crystals were identified by bright field microscopy.
This extraction process was further conducted on
Magnoliaceae leaves of varying ages and a branchfrom the same tree, to assess potential differencesin crystal morphologies with leaf aging, and whether the presence of crystals in the leaves differed tothose in the branches. Results revealed the pres-449

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ence of CaOx crystals in all sampled species. In
general, there is no significant difference in a crystal
morphology between any two clades of the magnoliid, possibly due to the small sample sizes thatwere used in each category. As leaves aged, theabundance of CaOx crystals increased accompanied by the development of additional distinct crystal morphologies. Furthermore, crystal morphologies
differed between leaves and branches, suggestingtissue-specific influences on crystal growth. We did
not reconstruct a clear phylogenetic pattern, whenusing the latest magnoliid phylogenetic tree. So
far there is, therefore, no evidence that CaOx crystals can reliably serve as markers for determining aplant’s phylogenetic position.

P.0865 Needles in theangiosperm haystackwhere do calcium oxalateraphides hide?

reveals raphide occurrence has been studied in 33
orders, 76 families and 1305 species, with raphides
presence confirmed in 24 orders, 46 families and797 species. These taxa represented less than 1 %of known species per family. Leaves are the mostprominent raphide-containing primary locationin all three major angiosperm clades investigated:
Eudicots, Magnoliids, and Monocots. Roots are least
reported to contain raphides. The collation of suchinformation lays the groundwork to unveil the genetic origin and evolution of raphides in plants, andhighlights targets for future studies of the presence
and role of plant raphides.

P.0866 Lace plant: a novel
model system to study
programmed cell death inplantsArunika Gunawardena1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

N.S. Lawrie1, N. Medrano Cuetos1, F. Sini1,
G.A. Salam1, H. Ding1, A. Vancolen1, J.M.
Nelson1, R.H.J. Erkens1,2, G. Perversi1
1 Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Scienceand Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht,
The Netherlands. 2 System Earth Science, Facultyof Science and Engineering, Maastricht University,
Venlo, The Netherlands.
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are biominerals
present in a wide variety of plants. Formation of thesecrystals is a biomineralization process occurring invacuoles within specialized cells called crystal idioblasts. This process is dependent on two key components: deprotonated oxalic acid, and calcium ions
(Ca2+), and can result in multiple crystal morphologies. Raphides are needle-like CaOx crystals foundin various plant organs and tissues. Though theirfunction is highly debated, they can potentially store
calcium, sequester heavy metals, protect against
herbivory and possibly programmed cell death. The
last review of the taxonomic and anatomical distribution of raphides across the plant kingdom dates
back to 1980, in a review by Franceschi and Horner,
prompting an updated systematic review of raphides in plants. We conduct a broad literature search
to record plant taxa and tissue locations containing
raphides. We provide an overview of raphide-forming plant taxa, discussing phylogenetic distributionof raphides at the order level, and report on the specific locations of raphides within plants. Our review

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a significant rolein plant development and defense. One fascinating
example of developmentally regulated PCD is perforation formation in the leaves of an aquatic laceplant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) in the family Aponogetonaceae. The formation of complex leaf
shape through PCD is a rare event across vascularplants and occurs only in a few species of Monsteraand in the lace plant. The evolutionary significance ofleaf perforations remains unknown, although several
hypotheses have been proposed. During early development, the lace plant leaf forms a pattern of equidistantly positioned perforations across its surface, giving
it a lattice-like appearance. Lace plant leaves emerge
from the corm in a heteroblastic series. The first 3–4
leaves that emerge are called juvenile leaves and do
not produce perforations as they mature. Early-stage
adult leaves are tightly furled and red due to anthocyanins and show no visible signs of cell death. As
the leaves unfurl, PCD is initiated in the center of areoles, located between the longitudinal and transverse
veins. The first visible sign of PCD is the disappearanceof anthocyanins at the center of each areole, whichthen develops outwards and stops 4-5 cell layers fromthe veins. These peripheral cells that do not undergo
PCD are named NPCD (non-PCD) cells. Many unanswered questions remain. Why does cell death always
start at the center of areoles? Why does cell deathstop from 4-5 cells from the veins? Why do cells dis-450

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play substantially different responses to PCD signals?
At the mature stage of leaf development, perforation
formation is complete, cells no longer undergo PCD,
and mesophyll cells at the perforation border transdifferentiate as epidermal cells. The lace plant’s suitability as a novel model to study PCD in plants will be
discussed, covering plant morphology, evolutionary
and molecular biology, and biophysics.

P.0867 Iridescence in
Hibiscus: understanding themechanics of nanoridge
formation
Bhavani Natarajan1, Beverley J. Glover1
1 University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Iridescence is a form of structural colour found in various organisms. In Hibiscus trionum, iridescence isproduced due to interference of light by nanoridges
present on the petal epidermal cells. Nanoridges areformed by buckling of the cuticle, and mechanics plays
an important role in this. A mathematical model fromprevious work in the lab had identified five parameters
crucial for nanoridge formation, namely cuticle thickness, cuticle stiffness, extracellular matrix stiffness, cell
elongation, and turgor-induced deformation. In thiswork, we aim to experimentally test this model. We plan
to modify nanoridges – and thereby iridescence – byproducing transgenic H. trionum plants defective in cuticle biosynthesis, as well as by treating buds with hormones and drugs. To check if iridescence has any rolein pollinator attraction, we will conduct experiments withbumblebees and assess their preference for wild type
and transgenic lines. Overall, these approaches would
be the first to test the mechanical model of nanoridge
formation in any organism.

triggered by mechanical force has been documented since Darwin. Those stigmas often consistof multiple lobes, which are sensitive to touch andcan close rapidly within seconds. Previous studies explored the adaptive significance of stigma
movement; however, the genetic nature of sensitive
stigmas remains mysterious. Here, we investigate
Torenia fournieri that possesses typical sensitive
stigmas. We monitored the cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]) dynamics using a Ca2+sensor. Mechanostimulacyt
tion that deforms the stigma lobe leads to a rapid
increase of [Ca2+]cyt on the touched lobe followed by
movement, which can be blocked by Ca2+ channel
inhibitors. To characterize potential genes involved
in mechanosensation, we further performed RNASeq and identified a candidate gene, JUE1, which
encodes a mechanosensitive ion channel specifically expressed in stigma parenchyma cells. Stigma
ofjue1mutantsshows no response to force whereas
can be triggered by wound or electrical shock, suggesting the function of JUE1 as a mechanical sensor. We finally demonstrate that JUE1 is required forforce-triggered [Ca2+]cyt signature. To conclude, wereport a molecular genetic basis for force-triggeredorgan rapid movement via a mechanosensitive
channel in plants.

P.0868 Force-triggered
floral rapid movement via amechanosensitive channel
Xuan Zhou1, Tetsuya Higashiyama2,
Shihao Su1
1 School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University,
Shenzhen, China. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Plants have evolved various approaches and mechanisms to move. Rapid movement of floral stigmas

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S.097. MECHANISMS AND CONSEQUENCES
OF DISPERSAL IN LAND PLANTS: TOWARDS A
MORE UNIVERSAL UNDERSTANDING
P.0869 PAICE, an innovative
tool to estimate interisland colonization events
accounting for sampling biasof organisms (e.g., analysis for the whole flora of anarchipelago) and it will be fundamental to test classical hypothesis, including consideration of sampling bias (e.g., are plant species with long-distancedispersal syndromes more successful colonizers?).

Alberto J. Coello1, 2, Mario FernándezMazuecos2, 3, Ruben H. Heleno4, Pablo
Vargas5

P.0870 When the goinggets tough, the tough getgoing: Factors that drive
the distribution of North
American Ephedra species

1 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C., USA. 2 Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Centro deInvestigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain. 4 University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal. 5 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC),
Madrid, Spain.
Colonization is a central topic in ecology and one of
the cornerstones of island biogeography. However,
it is difficult to evaluate how successful an organism
is in colonizing across oceanic archipelagos. Scholars have traditionally assumed that plant species
without dispersal syndromes are not successful colonizers, but recent studies using floristics and genetic data have revealed more complex patterns. One
source of uncertainty is the estimation of colonization events without considering appropriate sample
sizes, namely: a significant number of samples forboth individuals/populations and DNA regions sequenced. Specifically, an increase in the number ofindividuals and DNA sequences studied increases
the number of detected colonization events, hindering comparisons among studies and organisms.
With PAICE (Phylogeographic Analysis of Island Colonization Events), we propose a new tool to estimate
the number of colonization events across islands ofthe same archipelago accounting for these sampling bias. PAICE is developed in R and available asa package in CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/package=PAICE). To estimate the number of inter-islandcolonization events, PAICE uses rarefaction curves forboth genetic and field sample sizes. The first analyses with PAICE resulted in sample-unbiased estimations that allow the comparison among organisms.
This tool will be useful for future analyses comparing
island colonization success among a great variety

Petra Führding-Potschkat1, Stefanie
Ickert-Bond2
1 Frontier Botany, University of Alaska Fairbanks,
Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, USA. 2 University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA.
The genus Ephedra are mainly dioecious, profusely
branched shrubs with photosynthetic stems distributed in arid biomes, differing primarily in the nature of
the strobilus bracts, which have been documented
to be associated with different dispersal syndromes.
The strobilus bracts in Asia, Europe, North Africa,and South America are either fleshy and red (rarely
white or orange) or dry and papery-winged. Only inNorth America (southwestern USA and Mexico), anintermediate coriaceous dry bract type evolved inaddition to the previous two. Thirteen species occur
mainly across the North American Deserts, Great
Plains and Southern Semi-arid Highlands, temperate forests and sierras, and Mediterranean California. We aim to understand which factors differentiate the ranges of North American Ephedra species.
We hypothesize that precipitation, temperature, theresulting water availability to the plant, and the particular strobilus type play an important role. We used
562 expert records of twelve species as calibration
data and 6,602 GBIF records as test data. The habitats were analyzed using 19 bioclimatic variables(CHELSA), plant-available water, and strobilus type.
We used GLM and MaxEnt to predict the species’
spatial distribution drivers. The study showed a low
impact of the annual mean temperature (bio1) on

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eight Ephedra species and a moderate effect on
two species (R2: 0.51 to 0.75). Also, the annual precipitation (bio12) moderately impacted all species witha fleshy strobilus (R2: 0.53 to 0.59), and the precipitation of the driest month (bio14) showed a moderate impact on E. californica (R2: 0.64). Data uncertainties like false-positive localities in the GBIF data
may have contributed to the low to moderate R2s.
We suggest identifying the false positives, fine-tuning the climate variables, and testing further factors,e.g., soil types, influencing the distribution of North
American Ephedra.

P.0871 Zoochoric trees,
anemochoric vines, andautochoric herbs andshrubs: a Caatinga patternthat persists in different
substrates

the caatinga, herbs and sub-shrubs are typically annuals, so the fruit development and the seed release
are fast, creating a seed bank from many autochoric
fruits. On the other hand, the trees are perennial and ingeneral have deep roots for water acquisition, so they
have time and resources to produce zoochoric fruits.
Climbing vines are found mainly at edges or ascending into the canopy, with anemochoric fruits exposed
to wind. Despite having different floristic compositions
and structures depending on the substrate, the predominance of the same dispersal modes by habit indifferent substrates reinforces the important role of water availability, morphological features, and vegetation
stratification on fruit and seed dispersal in the caatinga.

P.0872 ‘Out-of-Australasia’again? An investigation
into the distinctive
biogeography of Libertia
and Orthrosanthus(Iridaceae)Grênivel M. Costa1, Ligia S. Funch2, Abel A.
Conceição2

Sophie C. Newmarch1, Richard C.
Winkworth1, Dan J. Blanchon3, Joanne L.
Birch4, Nicolás García5, Jennifer A. Tate1,2.

1 Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia,
Cruz das Almas, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de
Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
The timing and the mode of plant dispersal in arid andsemiarid regions are particularly influenced by environmental factors, highlighting a general anemochory
predominance. Our study evaluated the proportion ofvascular plant species per habit and seed dispersal
syndromes in two physiognomies of caatinga (Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in the crystalline basement
and Woodlands in the sedimentary basin), in Tucano,Bahia State, Brazilian northeastern. We determined thedispersal syndromes and the plant habits of all species
collected in each physiognomy. We sampled 201 species in the crystalline basement, while in the sedimentary basin were sampled 172 species. In the crystalline
basement, autochory predominated among shrubs(54%) and herbs (59%), zoochory among trees (49%),
and anemochory among vines (45%). In the sedimentary basin, autochory prevailed among shrubs (48%)
and herbs (57%), anemochory and autochory amongvines (40%), and zoochory among trees (69%). The contrasting substrates, but similar patterns among habit
and dispersal modes (zoochoric trees, anemochoricvines, and autochoric herbs and shrubs) may be related to niche partitioning between the herbaceous andarboreal components, mainly related to water availability and different micro-environmental conditions. In

1 School of Natural Sciences, Massey University,
Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2 MPN Herbarium,
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
3 Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland, New
Zealand. 4 MEL Herbarium & Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 5 Herbario EIF & Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y dela Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad deChile, Santiago, Chile.
Taxa with disjunct distributions have long fascinatedbiologists and have provided important insights into
biological evolution, particularly patterns of dispersal.
Based on molecular phylogenies, it has been suggested that the Iridaceae came ‘out-of-Australasia’ despite
the majority of the family’s diversity occurring in theAmericas. Less well understood is the biogeography of
Libertia and Orthrosanthus, two understudied genera
that are the only members of Iridaceae (~70 genera)
disjunct between Australasia and the Americas. Bothgroups occur naturally in Australia and South America;
Libertia is also found in New Zealand and New Guinea
with Orthrosanthus also occurring in Central America. Previous studies have suggested that Libertia andOrthrosanthus are sister within the tribe Sisyrinchieae,
which likely arose in South America ~21.6 million years
ago. Because these studies included just one species453

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from each genus, their historical biogeography remained uncertain. We present biogeographical analyses based on whole plastome and Angiosperms353
nuclear phylogenies with comprehensive species-level sampling of Libertia and Orthrosanthus. We investigated maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches,
broadening the sampling in some analyses to accountfor the biogeographic context and the notoriously poor
fossil record of the Iridaceae. The results provide novel
insights into the biogeography of Libertia and Orthrosanthus, aligning with patterns seen for other plantgroups in the southern hemisphere and extending ourunderstanding of the biogeography of Iridaceae. Goingforward, these findings will also serve as a foundation
for studies into polyploidy and floral evolution in these
two genera.

P.0873 The biogeographyof fruit colour in the Iberian
Peninsula
María Sánchez-Gracia1, Francisco
Rodríguez-Sánchez2
1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain 2 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
The ecological and evolutionary drivers behind fleshy
fruit types and characteristics have attracted extensive
research, mainly in the context of disperser agents andadaptative hypotheses. Many studies have analysed
fruit characteristics (morphology, chemistry, colour,
scent, etc.) in relation to frugivores; abiotic variables
have perhaps received less attention. In this study weinvestigate the geographical distribution of fruit colour
across the Iberian Peninsula in relation to several climatic variables that can affect fruit development andcolour. After compiling an exhaustive list of 206 nativeplant species producing fleshy diaspores across the
Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, we examined
the role of winter temperatures, growing season length,
and accumulated heat sum along the year on theprevalence of the two most common fruit colour categories: black/dark and red/pink/orange. We found thatblack fruits are more abundant in regions with warm
winters and mild summers, while red fruits are associated with northern, cooler regions with shorter growing
seasons. We also found strong phylogenetic inertia in
the probability of producing black fruits; for red fruits,
phylogenetic inertia was considerably weaker. Our results are congruent with other studies performed at
global, macroecological scales that have also established a relationship between fruit colour and different
climatic variables – but do so by contributing with information at a smaller scale and high resolution. Our work
reinforces the idea that factors influencing fruit characteristics are not restricted to their disperser environment but can also include environmental abiotic factors, phylogenetic constraints and evolutionary history.

S.098. MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PLANT
DIVERSITY PATTERNS IN THE EAST ASIAN–
AUSTRALASIAN REGION
P.0874 Tree species
composition of two
kerangas forest in southernpart of Sarawak, Malaysia
Nur Safinas Binti Jelani1, Meekiong Kalu2,
Yahud Bin Wat1, Yazid Bin Kalbi1, Halipah
Binti Bujang1, Mohizah Binti Mohamad1,
Noorhana Binti Mohd Sapawi1, Stafannie
Nilla Anak Marshall Rio1, Dami Anak Jude1,
Michiko Nakagawa3

1 Research and Development Division, Forest Department Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia. 2 Facultyof Resource Science and Technology, University
Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia. 3 Graduate
School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
Heath forest, also known as kerangas, is one of theforest types in Borneo and is described as havingvery poor, acidic soils that are typically podsolic andcomposed of course, white sand covering, to different depths, a thick, hard, severely acidic pan. The diversity of tree species in Sarawak’s heath forest is asubject of ongoing research; however, comparisons
between the sites are rarely made. This study eval-454

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uates the tree species in two heath forests in southern Sarawak, namely, Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS), and Kelingkang Forest Reserve (KFR). A
1-hectare plot with 100 10 m × 10 m quadrats wasestablished. The total basal area of both sites, which
consisted of 1,251 trees with a diameter of at least 10
cm, was calculated to be 26.78 m2ha-1 for SWS and14.08 m2ha-1 for KFR, respectively. With a mean diameter for trees at both sites of about 18.00 cm, Dipterocarpaceae predominated as the highest group.
In the kerangas forest, KFR and SWS shared species
such as Whiteodendron moultonianum and Hopea
kerangasensis. Endemic species like Dryobalanops
fusca and Vatica adenanii were identified during
this plot assessment. Despite the poor soil qualities,
it is crucial to conserve the kerangas themselves;
hence, more species need to be studied.

P.0875 Characterizationof a flower of fossil genus
Sahnianthus by microCT and placement in
Lythraceae

ing the fossil flowers through thin-section and light microscopy, techniques that while standard may exclude
some information that we seek to recover throughmicrocomputed tomography scanning (micro-CT).
Specimens for this study have been studied with micro-CT and reconstructed digitally to further characterize their morphology, and existing thin sections havebeen studied with light microscopy to characterize
anatomy. In addition, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) has been used to visualize pollen grains from fossils. This study contributes to the understanding of overall paleoclimatic and paleogeographic change in thearea, and confirms the affinity of reproductive material
to the family Lythraceae, expanding the known fossil record and geography of the family.

P.0876 The macrofossil
flora investigation and theresearch progress in Taiwan
Y.-P. Lo1, J.-M. Hu1,2 *1 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei city, Taiwan. 2 NTU
Herbarium (TAI), National Taiwan University, Taipei
city, Taiwan *jmhu@ntu.edu.tw

Chandana Karumanchi1, Ashley
Hamersma2, Steven Manchester2
1 Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 2 Florida
Museum of Natural History, University of Florida,
Gainesville, USA.
The Deccan intertrappean beds of India are a series ofsedimentary layers deposited between volcanic eventsfrom the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to Paleocene(Danian) as the Indian subcontinent drifted northward
over a mantle plume or hotspot in the present-day location of Réunion Island. The intertrappean cherts of
the locality produce abundant morphologically andanatomically preserved fossil woods, as well as plant
reproductive material including fruits, seeds, and flowers. Paleobotanical study of this locality is important inorder to provide high-resolution insight into the rapid
climatic and biotic change brought on by repeatedand extensive volcanism. Extensive research has been
carried out spanning several decades (1940s-2010s)
on the fossils of the Deccan plateau. The fossil genus
Sahnianthus has been recorded from the Deccan intertrappean beds and is represented in the University
of Florida collections. It has been hypothesized to belong to the family Lythraceae, and this project seeks touse new techniques to confirm that placement. Prior
research has been focused primarily on characteriz-

Taiwan is located in the East Asia island arcs, neighboring China, Japan and the Philippines, and the uniquenatural history of Taiwan was shaped by its mixture oftemperate and tropical elements from the surrounding regions. The highest peak in Taiwan reaches nearly4000 m, thus providing extremely diverse habitats thathouse more than 4000 vascular plants with 26% of endemic species. Many relic lineages of plants survived
in Taiwan after they migrated from the Himalayas andJapan, even though the geological age of the island
formed only a few million years ago. The research of
paleontology in Taiwan began in the 19th century. Mostof the investigations so far are focused on animal fossils, and plant fossils research is mainly concentrated
on microfossils, like spores and pollens, which are fromlake sediments. Plant macrofossils from Taiwan were
scarce because of common fragmentation and difficulty in identification. We made thorough literature
reviews and a few field expeditions to excavate more
plant macrofossil specimens, particularly from the Miocene (Tertiary) and Pleistocene (Quaternary) in Taiwan.
There are less than 20 reports of plant macrofossils
and most of them were published after 1960. Only a
few reports contain more completed specimens andinformation (all specimens are from the Miocene formation) are as follows: the Miocene fossil vegetation innorthern Taiwan published in 1968, the leaves and cone455

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fossil records of Metasequoia occidentalis (Cupressaceae) published in 1972, the petrified wood of Taxodioxylon sequoianum (Cupressaceae) published in 1999,
the petrified woods of Bischofia (Phyllanthaceae) and
Camellia (Theaceae) published in 2003, and the petri-fied wood of Podocarpoxylon nageioides (Podocarpaceae) published in 2021. As more macrofossils of plants
are discovered, we hope to use these data, along withthe microfossils, to reconstruct the paleovegetationand paleoenvironment in Taiwan.

S.099. METAL HYPERACCUMULATORS: NEW
ADVANCES ON A BOTANICAL CURIOSITY
P.0877 Features of thallium
tolerance and accumulation
in metallicolous and nonmetallicolous accessions ofSilene latifolia
Ilaria Colzi1, Gaia Regini1, Isabella Bettarini1,
Beatrice Chiavacci1, Marco Dainelli1,
Federico Selvi2, Antony van der Ent3,
Cristina Gonnelli1
1 Department of Biology, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy. 2 Department of Agriculture, Food,
Environment and Forest Sciences, University of
Florence, Florence, Italy. 3 Laboratory of Genetics,
Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Thallium (Tl) is one of the most toxic elements on Earthand has recently been attracting more and more attention because it is considered both an emerging pollutant and a valuable element for the ecological transition. The possibility to exploit natural technologies forthe remediation of polluted soils (phytoextraction) andeven the recovery of Tl from the plant biomass wouldbe, therefore, desirable. The species Silene latifolia hasrecently been indicated as a potential Tl-hyperaccumulator, and therefore as a plant suitable for phytoextraction purposes. Since a complete characterizationof the Tl-tolerance strategies of this species has neverbeen carried out, the aim of this work was to compare
the tolerance and accumulation capacity of metallicolous plants from a Tl-rich mine dump (Saint-Laurentle-Minier, France) and non-metallicolous plants from a
non-contaminated area (Barraux, France). Seeds fromboth sites were sown in peat soil and seedlings were
exposed to a range of TlNO3 concentrations (0-60 μM)
in hydroponic culture for seven days. At the end of thetreatment, different growth (e.g. leaf area, root length
increment) and physiological (e.g. chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigment content indices) parame-ters were analysed as indicators of plant Tl-tolerance.
Plants from the metallicolous site had an exceptional
higher growth ability when exposed to Tl compared to
non-metallicolous ones, which showed a significantly
lower EC50 parameter (2.5 ± 0.3 vs 22.5 ± 0.8 μM of metallicolous plants). The reduced growth of non-metallicolous plants was partly explained by the significant
negative effect of Tl on photosynthetic parametersand pigment content. Our results show that S. latifolia
metallicolous plants have evolved Tl tolerance and ongoing analysis of Tl accumulation in roots and shoots
will reveal whether such tolerance is linked to the metal
hyperaccumulation. Moreover, further accessions from
Italian Tl-rich mine dump are now under study to widen
the comparison.

P.0878 Effects of elevation
on growth, photosynthetic
and Ni-accumulation
responses in Bornmuellera
emarginata (Brassicaeae)
Ilaria Colzi1, Nadia Bazihizina1, Isabella
Bettarini1, Federico Selvi2, Cristina Gonnelli1
1 Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 2 Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest Sciences, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy.
Bornmuellera emarginata is a Balkan Ni-hyperaccumulator indicated as a promising candidate foragromining practices. Here, two elevation-contrasting
accessions (250 m, Low Elevation plants LE, and at 1600
m, High Elevation plants, HE) were compared in termsof growth, photosynthetic activity, and Ni accumulationin controlled conditions to assess possible differences
exploitable in practical applications. After two monthsof pot cultivation on garden and serpentine soil, plant456

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biomass, gas exchanges and Ni concentrations were
evaluated. Plants grown on serpentine soil showed
reduced biomass as compared to those from garden soil, without any difference between LE and HE. In
both accessions, growth in serpentine soil resulted inphotochemical/biochemical limitations and reduction
in stomatal conductance, especially in LE. HE showed
low stomatal conductance in all the conditions, despite a greater stomatal density. Shoot Ni accumulation was higher in HE (~1600 μg Ni g-1 d.w. and 1200 μg
Ni g-1 d.w. in HE and LE respectively), thus resulting in asignificantly higher metal content per plant in respect
to LE (~120 and ~85 μg plant-1 in HE and LE respectively).
Furthermore, a hydroponic trial with increasing NiSO4
concentration was performed to evaluate Ni tolerance
and accumulation. In this case, HE possessed higher Ni
tolerance and accumulation in respect to LE. In conclusion, underlying the higher shoot metal amount of HE,
Ni tolerance seemed to play a pivotal role, overtaking
possible negative effects of reduced transpiration rates
compared to LE. Our results point to the opportunity of
exploring and exploiting the variation in accumulationlevel among B. emarginata accessions for the implementation of environmental restoration and metal
cropping practices.

P.0879 Assessment ofmorphology and heavy
metals (lead and copper) inselected mangrove species
in Malaguit river, Camarines
Norte
Andrea L. Gamboa1, AJ Lexee O. Gonzales1,
Jannah Czerlin A. Palomar1, Ana
Dominique M. Quibot1, Alyssa Marie A.
Lola2,3cies and their environment in Malaguit River, Camarines
Norte, and assess their morphological characteristics.
Pneumatophores (root above ground), roots below theground, and leaves were subjected to wet digestion
before undergoing the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) to determine their heavy metal concentration. The mangrove species found in the Malaguit
River were determined as Rhizophora stylosa, Ceriops
tagal, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Bruguiera sexangula. Among all the samples, Pb was predominantly
observed in leaves and Cu was concentrated in theroots below. In a comparative analysis, the B. sexangula
accumulated more Pb, whereas C. tagal accumulated more Cu. The overall observation of the mangrove
species present in the study site tends to accumulate
higher concentrations of Pb than Cu. Bioconcentration
factor (BCF) values resulted in all samples’ low ability
to accumulate Pb and Cu from their external environment. R. stylosa and C. tagal also displayed the ability totranslocate Pb from their roots to leaves based on theirtranslocation factor (TF) values. This is the first study on
heavy metal analysis of mangroves from Camarines
Norte. It showed the potential environmental risk to themangroves due to their inability to hyperaccumulate
such heavy metals. Therefore, regulatory and restoration activities are necessary to protect these species
from contaminated urban and industrial areas.

P.0880 Allchar unveiled:
two-year comprehensive
exploration of rarearsenic and thallium
hyperaccumulation in
North Macedonia’s uniquemetalliferous site
Tomica Mišljenović1, Ksenija Jakovljević1*,
Katerina Bačeva Andonovska2, Guillaume
Echevarria3, Mirko Salinitro4, Antony van
der Ent4

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Far Eastern
University, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines. 2 Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan. 3 Plant Sciences Laboratory, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines.
Mangroves are commonly found in the coastal barangays of Camarines Norte. However, limited data about
the assessment of heavy metals on the different mangrove species from this locality have been published.
Certain mangroves can accumulate heavy metals
in their environment that can induce physiologicalchanges in plants. This study aims to assess the presence of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in mangrove spe-

1 University of Belgrade – Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia. 2 Research Center for Environment
and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia. 3 Econick SAS,
Lunéville, France. 4 Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
The abandoned Allchar mine (North Macedonia) is a
globally unique deposit with the highest known contents of thallium and arsenic mineralisation. During the457

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two-year extensive study, plant and soil samples werecollected, followed by elemental composition analyses.
Our analyses confirmed the hyperaccumulation of Tl
in three Viola taxa endemic to Allchar, with the highest
concentration found in V. arsenica (58,900 mg kg−1). In
V. allchariensis and V. tricolor subsp. macedonica, theseconcentrations exceeded the hyperaccumulationthreshold, with maximum concentrations of 23,100 and
11,800 mg kg−1, respectively. Very variable concentrations
were found for As, with the highest concentrations in V.
tricolor subsp. macedonica (408 mg kg−1) and V. arsenica (381 mg kg−1), but below the hyperaccumulationthreshold. Synchrotron μXRF analysis confirmed that Tl
in all three Viola taxa is endogenous and not the resultof surficial contamination with fine substrate particles.
Hyperaccumulation of Tl was also detected in Plantago
lanceolata, Hesperis matronalis, Clinopodium alpinum,
Dianthus carthusianorum, Thymus thracicus var. alsarensis as well as in Silene latifolia with an extremely highTl concentration (79,200 mg kg−1). Concentrations of As
above the hyperaccumulation threshold were found in
Silene vulgaris, Alyssum kavadarcensis and Myosotis
nemorosa. An extremely rare simultaneous hyperaccumulation of Tl and As was found in M. verna. For the firsttime, the novel Z-spec technology was applied to analyse a large number of plant and soil samples, whichsignificantly reduced costs and processing time. The
identified As and Tl hyperaccumulators could be usedin the reclamation of former mining sites in the Allchar
area and these rare phenomena should be further investigated, including dosing trials.

P.0882 Can the membersof the coffee family
accumulate heavy metals?
- Hyperaccumulation on
Philippine Rubiaceae spp.

lection of species and the evolution of hyperaccumulators. Hyperaccumulators are a group of plants withthe rare ability to extract certain metals and metalloids
and accumulate them in normally toxic shoot tissue
concentrations without any evidence of physiologicalstress. In the Philippines, many Rubiaceae spp. wereobserved thriving in extreme ultramafic conditions
such as mining sites, suggesting the possibility of heavy
metals accumulation. The study aims to determine
the heavy metals concentrations and to evaluate theevolution of heavy metals using the Bioconcentration
Factor (BCF) of the collected plant samples. The specimens were obtained from selected Philippine ultramafic islands. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray
fluorescence (XRF) analysis were used for the hyperaccumulation analysis. The notable detected elements
were Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Strontium (Sr), Manganese(Mn), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Silicon (Si), Aluminum(Al), Molybdenum (Mo), and Tin (Sn). There were also
some traces of Titanium (Ti) and Vanadium (V) in someof the samples. Interestingly, based on their concentrations, several of them exceeded the threshold limits forheavy metals set by Reeves et al. 2018. To evaluate thecontent of heavy metals, BCF was also calculated fromall the samples. Results showed that many of the Rubiaceae spp. accumulate the mentioned heavy metals
significantly such as Ixora, Timonius, and Wendlandia
spp. This study showed that the members of the coffee family are sources of heavy metals accumulation
which can be of greater importance in the development of so-called ‘green technologies’ such as phytoextraction, phytostabilisation, and phytomining.

P.0883 Herbarium tofield journey in the
discovery of a novel zinc
hyperaccumulator Cardamine waldsteinii

Alyssa Marie Lola1,2,3, Cecilia Moran3,4,
Noriaki Murakami1,2
1 Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan
University, Tokyo, Japan. 2 Makino Herbarium, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan. 3 Plant Sciences Laboratory, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Manila, Philippines.
The Philippines is one of the most megadiverse countries in the world and consists of many ultramafic areas. Ultramafic is a term used to describe igneous or
metamorphic rocks with high concentrations of heavy
metals. Ultramafic regions promote the differential se-

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Tomica Mišljenović1*, Ksenija Jakovljević1,
Guillaume Echevarria2, Alan Baker2,3,4,
Sandro Bogdanović5, Gordana Tomović1,
Antony van der Ent6
1 University of Belgrade – Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia. 2 Econick SAS, Lunéville, France. 3
Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France. 4 The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. 5 University ofZagreb – Faculty of Agronomy, Zagreb, Croatia. 6
Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands *tomica.m@bio.bg.ac.rs.

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Hyperaccumulation of Zn is an extremely rare plant
phenomenon with to date, less than 30 known examples. The discovery of new hyperaccumulators could
be a difficult and time-consuming task, but a novel,
non-invasive method of elemental analysis of herbarium samples using portable XRF devices has provenextremely useful, and has contributed to the discovery of a number of new hyperaccumulators of various
elements. Systematic XRF scanning of Brassicaceae
collections in two herbaria in Belgrade, Serbia (BEOU
and BEO) revealed unusually high concentrations of
Zn in the specimens of Cardamine waldsteinii. The
highest Zn concentration exceeding the notional hyperaccumulation threshold was detected in a specimen from Bosnia and Herzegovina near Tuzla (3050
mg kg−1), with high Zn concentrations also detected
in several specimens from Mt Jelova Gora in W Serbia. Subsequently, fresh material was collected from
non-metalliferous soil on Mt Jelova Gora and 2210 mg
kg−1 Zn was detected in the leaf dry matter by atomic
absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, XRF scanning of
C. waldsteinii specimens from the Paris herbarium (P)revealed one sample with 4000 mg kg−1 Zn from Croatia. Following these results, further fresh material wascollected from three non-metalliferous locations in
Croatia. The dried leaves of these plants analyzed by
Z-spec spectroscopy showed the highest Zn concentration of 7000 mg kg−1, with an average of 3100 mg kg−1.
These results obtained confirm Cardamine waldsteinii
as a new Zn hyperaccumulator. Further studies withdosing experiments will provide additional insights
into the Zn tolerance of different populations and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms
of Zn hyperaccumulation. This study shows that XRF
screening of herbarium collections can provide rapid
and valuable data which will lead to the discovery of
new hyperaccumulators that would probably remain
hidden without extensive chemical analyses.

P.0884 Biomonitoring ofheavy metals with Evernia
prunastri (L.) Ach. in situ
and transplants in theenvironment of a recycling
company

The concentration of six heavy metals (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pby Zn) was analysed using the lichen Evernia prunastri(L.) Ach. as bioaccumulation in order to evaluate theenvironment quality in the surroundings of a recycledindustry located in León, Spain. The methodology was
based on two techniques: the use of the lichen in situ
and the placement and subsequent collection of transplants after four months. Sampling was systematicallydivided into eight transects according to the cardinalpoints, being the industry the central point. Pollution
maps and cluster and correlation analysis were madein order to evaluate element’s dispersion and identified
common sources, respectively. The results showed thatthe closest sampling points to the industry accumulated the higher concentration, decreasing with distance,with the elements pattern deposition in the directionof the prevailing winds. In situ samples showed higher
concentrations than transplant ones. Among elements,
Cu was significantly higher around the industrial zone,
followed by Zn; while the other ones showed normal
concentration. Elements with similar behaviour andcommon sources were detected. This study highlights
the presence of anthropogenic atmospheric pollution,with the recycled industry as the main source which
can be a risk to the nearby population if there is prolonged exposure.

P.0885 Screening of wild
plants colonizing Sb minetailings for the selection ofsuitable phytoextractors
Gaia Regini1, Ilaria Colzi1, Isabella Bettarini1,
Maria Beatrice Castellani1, Elisabetta
Bianchi1, Pierluigi Cortis2, Antonio De
Agostini2, Donatella Fibbi3, Alexandra
Antal3, Gabriele Petracchi3, Marco
Dainelli1, Cristina Gonnelli1
1 Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 2 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. 3
GIDA, Prato, Italy.

Rubén Pérez González1, Ana Belén
Fernández Salegui1
1 Biodiversity and Environmental Management Department, Universidad de León, León, Spain.

Metallophytes are plants surprisingly well adapted tometalliferous soils, due to the selective pressure thatthese unfavourable substrates exert. Based on different
metal tolerance strategies, these plants can be mainly divided in “excluders”, that limit metal uptake and/or
its translocation to the shoot, and “accumulators/hyperaccumulators”, able to accumulate metals in theirshoots at extraordinarily high concentrations. More-459

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over, “indicator” plants accumulate metal concentrations that reflect the metal content in the environment.
The features of metallophytes make of these plants an
optimal choice for environmental technologies for soil
remediation purposes, such as phytoextraction. The
aim of this work was to investigate spontaneous plants
colonizing mine wastes and to identify suitable accumulating species for antimony (Sb) phytoextraction of
sewage sludge. Antimony is commonly used in various
industrial activities, causing wastewaters and sewage
sludge contamination, as observed at the wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) of Prato, managed by GIDA
SpA. Although the sewage sludges are regularly disposed by incineration, phytoextraction may provide
an alternative low-cost remediation approach. To thisaim, Su Suergiu mine (Villasalto, Sardinia) was selectedbased on Sb contamination of the mine tailings. There,
different spontaneous plant species and a representative substrate sample were collected and analyzed by
ICP for determination of Sb concentrations. The analyses allowed to discover the “excluder” or “accumulator”
behavior of each collected plant. Almost all the species
showed to be Sb excluders, except for Dittrichia viscosa, whose Sb concentration in shoots suggested that it
may be an indicator species. Therefore, further investigations in hydroponic culture are in progress to effectively test the Sb tolerance and accumulation capacityof D. viscosa. This preliminary kind of investigations arefundamental for selecting the most suitable species for
Sb phytoextraction. In the next step, D. viscosa will betested by cultivating it directly in the sewage sludges
from GIDA WWTP.

studies on plant adaption to abiotic stress. Celosia argentea Linn. was recently discovered to hyperaccumulate both manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd). However, the molecular mechanisms
underlying Mn and Cd detoxification in C. argentea
are poorly understood. Laboratory studies wereconducted using C. argentea seedlings exposed
to 360 μM Mn and 8.9 μM Cd hydroponic solutions.
Plant leaves were analyzed using transcriptionaland metabolomic techniques. A total of 3960 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in plants wereidentified under Cd stress, among which 17were
associated with metal transport, and 10 belonged
to the ATP transporter families. Exposures to Mn or
Cd led to the differential expression of three metal transport genes (HMA3, ABCC15, and ATPase4). In addition, 33 and 77 differentially expressed
metabolites (DEMs) were identified under Mn andCd stresses, respectively. Metabolic pathway
analysis showed that the ABC transporter pathway was the most affected in Mn/Cd exposed
seedlings. Conjoint transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that the glutathione (GSH)
metabolic pathway was over-represented in the
KEGG pathway of both DEGs and DEMs. Our results
confirm that the ABC transporter and GSH metabolic pathways play important roles in Mn and Cd
detoxification. These findings provide new insight
into the molecular mechanisms of tolerance to
Mn and Cd toxicity in plants.

P.0886 Integrated
transcriptome andmetabolome analysis
reveals the mechanism oftolerance to manganeseand cadmium toxicity in the
Mn/Cd
Guo Yu1, Habib Ullah2, Asfandyar Shahab1
1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China.
2 Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Understanding the molecular mechanism of tolerance to heavy metals in hyperaccumulators
is important for improving the efficiency of phytoremediation and is interesting for evolutionary460

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S.100. METHODS IN INTEGRATIVETAXONOMY: BRIDGING THE PHYLOGENY TO
CLASSIFICATION GAP
P.0887 Inga: Unfolding the
chocoensis clade and theissue of cryptic diversity
Bocanegra-González K.T.1
1 The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 3
Research Group on Biodiversity and Dynamics ofTropical Ecosystems -University of Tolima, Ibagué,
Colombia.
Crypticism refers to the presence of species thatare morphologically similar or indistinguishable,
but genetically different, or vice versa. Althoughcommon in highly radiated groups, it had notbeen evidenced in the tropical tree genus Inga,
although there were some hints in the species
Inga chocoensis Killip ex T.S. Elias, which shows
subtle but considerable differences throughout
its distribution. Even in the past, a separate species Inga coprocarpa N. Zamora & Poveda wasproposed. In this study, 50 individuals classified
as I. chocoensis were morphologically evaluated, and next-generation molecular analyses
were conducted using target capture techniquewith 1320 loci, with which a phylogeny was subsequently constructed. Morphologically, characteristics that separate three species were distinguished, but these features are subtle and unlessthe identifier is an expert, they are imperceptible.
On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis delimited 4 species within the clade, which include
the 3 species delimited morphologically. In thisway, the species I. chocoensis, I. coprocarpa, described in the past were delimited, and the new
species I. calimaensis and I. crassanectaria weredelimited and described. The results demonstrate
the presence of crypticism in the genus Inga, especially in the so-called chocoensis clade, andhighlight the importance of combining morphological and molecular approaches for accurate
identification. Especially because underestimating real diversity leads to a lack of adequate species protection and limits their conservation andmanagement.

P.0888 Anthoceros
fusiformis Austin(Anthocerotophyta) inJapan consists of two
undescribed species
Taichi Ikematsu1, Masaki Shimamura1
1 Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life,
Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
Anthoceros fusiformis, a species of hornwort, has a disjunct distribution from the West Coast of North America
to northern parts of Japan. In Japan, this species has
been distinguished from the other species of Anthoceros by the following characteristics: 1) the strap-shaped
thalli with deeply dissected lobes, 2) lacking gemmae, 3)
the sporophytes growing over 1 cm, 4) smooth stripeslike regions without protuberances along either side of
the spore trilete mark. In the course of our study for ataxonomic revision of Anthoceros in Japan, it became
clear that the plants previously thought to be A. fusiformis were distinguished into two undescribed species. DNA sequence data for a phylogenetic analysis
were newly obtained from three plastid loci (rbcL, trnL–
matK, and rps4) from specimens of Anthoceros species collected throughout Japan. Regarding the plants
treated as A. fusiformis in Japan, the analysis strongly
supported that they were divided into two clades that
excluded the accession of authentic A. fusiformis. The
one clade consisted of plants growing in mountainous
areas, such as near streams, and the other clade consisted of plants growing in anthropic habitats, such asparks or abandoned agricultural fields. The mountainplants were nested in the clade of subg. Sphaerosporoceros and sister to A. caucasicus Steph. The anthropic
plants were nested in the subg. Indici. Consequently, A.
fusiformis should be excluded from the flora of Japanand two sp. nov. should be added. Each of the two newly recognized species and A. fusiformis can be easily
distinguished by the ornamentations on their spores.
The proximal facets of spores of the mountain plants
have spines that coalesce to be cristate, those of theanthropic plants were covered with round papillae, andthose of A. fusiformis were vermiculate and papillate.

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P.0889 Unmasking
the diversity of genus
Ulota (Orthotrichaceae,
Bryophyta) in Australasia

P.0890 The tribe Solandreae(Solanaceae) in
Mesoamerica

Nikolay Matanov1, Isabel Draper2,3, Juan
A. Calleja2,3, Francisco Lara2,3 , Ricardo
Garilleti1

1 Department of biology, University of Cartagena,
Cartagena, Colombia. 2 Natural History Museum,London, UK.

Andrés Orejuela1, Sandra Knapp2

1 Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Centro de Investigación
en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Orthotrichoideae is a complex group of mosses,
both taxonomically and biogeographically, whichplays an important role in epiphytic communities
in temperate regions and high tropical mountains worldwide. Four genera notably contributeto the subfamily’s diversity: Orthotrichum, Zygodon, Lewinskya and Ulota. The current diversity
of Ulota s.l. (including Atlantichella, Rehubryum
and Plenogemma) encompasses 70 taxa mostly
found in temperate and temperate-cold regions.
In the southern hemisphere, the genus Ulota has
two major centers of diversity with endemism
rates of 100%: Patagonia (predominantly Chile)and Australasia (New Zealand and SE Australia).
In the latter, 13 taxa have been reported. Indeed,although there have been several taxonomic
revisions conducted on this group on these areas, its true diversity remains not fully understood. New taxa have been recently discovered,emphasizing the challenging nature of its understanding. The morphological complexity andhigh taxonomic diversity within Ulota and its close
relatives make this group one of the most taxonomically intriguing. An integrative taxonomy approach is being employed. This approach combines morphological, ecological, and molecularanalyses to ascertain the true biodiversity of thegenus Ulota and its relationships with the ulotoid
genera (morphologically cryptic genera). Additionally, we also aim to understand the genetic
diversity, biogeographic patterns, and the adaptive and evolutionary history that have led to thecurrent diversity in the southern hemisphere. The
aim of this poster is to unveil the cryptic diversity of this group in Australasia through integrative
taxonomy, taking into consideration morphology,
ecology, and biogeography, along with phylogenetic reconstructions.

The Solandreae tribe, part of the Solanaceae family, comprises approximately 80 species,
mainly epiphytic or hemi-epiphytic lianas andshrubs. These species, currently undergoing taxonomic revision, are native to the Neotropics,
ranging from Mexico and the Caribbean to Bolivia and southern Brazil. A significant portion, about
60%, is found in the Andean regions of Ecuador
and Colombia. Distinct within the Solanaceae,
Solandreae is notable for its diversity in floral
forms, pollinators, and unique ant associations. In
the Solanaceae, epiphytes, which include about
90 species across three tribes, are dominated by
Solandreae, accounting for 90% of these species.
Morphologically, Solandreae exhibits substantial
variation in corolla features such as shape, size,and colour, ranging from large infundibuliform or
campanulate to small campanulate forms in colours from pale or dull to bright. This suggests acomplex coevolution with various pollinators including bats, hummingbirds, and bees, highlighting its ecological significance. This study presents
a taxonomic revision of the Solandreae tribe aspart of the ongoing revisionary studies for the Solanaceae within the Flora Mesoamericana project. This project is a pioneering effort in creatinga large-scale regional flora written in Spanish. In
Mesoamerica, Solandreae is represented by 3-5
genera, depending on the generic circumscriptions, and approximately 15 species, including a
few taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural adjustments. This revision offers a comprehensive
overview of Solandreae in Mesoamerica, featuring a distribution map, an identification key for all
genera and species, live photographs, and preliminary conservation assessments.

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P.0892 Old methods
learn new tricks: applying
traditional microscopy
methods to lichens for the
first time
Eva Troner1
1 Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lichens are chimeric organisms typically consistingof at least one fungal and one algal partner. However, only few studies are focused on how they interact with each other, and most were done in thelast century. Here, we combined traditional microscopy and staining methods to compare four lichenswith distinct morphology and ascertain the chemical nature of the lichen symbioses and interactions.
Additionally, the specimens were examined for thepresence of penetrative haustoria to confirm or
deny the hypothesis that haustoria formation is mycobiont-driven, i.e., mycobiont relationships predictthe presence / absence of haustoria.

P.0893 Diversification of thegenus Eriosyce (Cactaceae)
in relation to morphologicaldisparification and climaticniche
Heidy M. Villalobos-Barrantes , Beatriz
M. Meriño1,4, Helmut E. Walter6, Aron CádizVéliz1,4,5, Jorge Avaria7, Pablo Guerrero1,4,5
1,2,3

1 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias
Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 2 Escuela de Química,
Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. 3
Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa
Rica. 4 Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Concepción, Chile. 5 Millennium Institute Biodiversity of
Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems, Concepción, Chile. 6 The EXSIS Project: Cactaceae ex-situ &in-situ Conservation, Emmerthal, Germany. 7 University of Reading, Reading, UK.
One of the most widely distributed biomes on the planet is the arid and semi-arid zones. Chile, with its particular geography and the set of orographic, paleoclimatic, and geomorphological processes, has a florawith high levels of biodiversity and endemism. Study-

ing the processes involved in the origin of biodiversity can be a laborious task in groups with similar andoften convergent morphologies such as the genus
Eriosyce (Cactaceae). Few studies integrate the ecological and diversification mechanisms of arid zones,
as well as the evolution of morphological charactersand the niche that explains the diversity observed inplants adapted to this biome. Our study focused on:i) species delimitation using molecular data from theglobose cactus “E. curvispina” with which we madeBayesian phylogenetic inferences on 87 individualsof Eriosyce, including nine populations of E. curvispina, and analyzing three plastidial non-coding introns,
one plastidial gene and one nuclear gene. ii) relationship between morphological traits with environmental
variables using the phylogenetic comparative method, to evaluate the evolution of traits such as length,volume, root type, and stem type of cacti of the genus
Eriosyce and whether temperature and precipitation
affect their evolution. iii) diversification was evaluated in terms of climatic and morphological niche. The
results are: i) we developed 12 nuclear microsatellite
pairs to evaluate the genetic structure. ii) we identified
four groups that originated in independent cladogenetic events occurring at different temporal depths. iii)
we observed that temperature has an impact on thelength and volume of the cacti, and precipitation on
the shape and type of stem, and iv) that these traits
have evolved giving an adaptive advantage to theseplants to colonize new places and survive over timeand diversify.

P.0893bis DNA barcodingof the genus Parmelina(Parmeliaceae,
Ascomycota)
Ruth Del-Prado1, Zahira Rebollo1, Guillermo
Amo de Paz1, David Pizarro1, Pradeep K.
Divakar1
1 Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The species delimitation in lichen-forming fungi is currently in flux. A growing body of evidence based on theuse of molecular data has demonstrated that the morphology-based species circumscription underestimate
diversity in lichenized fungi, hiding distinct phylogenetic
lineages under a single species name. In some species complexes, re-examination of characters has revealed previously overlooked morphological or chem-463

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ical characters that support the recognition of these
species-level lineages. However, there are also cases ofcryptic species in which no characters could be identified to distinguish distinct lineages. In Parmeliaceae, thelargest family of lichen-forming fungi, species boundaries have been intensively studied. As a result, species
complexes and cryptic species have been reported
from different genera. Additionally, the use of genetic
distances using short, standardized gene regions (DNAbarcodes) has provided complementary support for
species identification, especially useful for detecting
overlooked taxa in species complexes and cryptic species. In this regard, a threshold between intraspecificand interspecific genetic distances (barcode gap) wasestablished in parmeliod lichens (Parmeliaceae) for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The genus
Parmelina, belonging to the parmelioid lichens, is an example that includes several species that remain taxonomically controversial. Previous studies have revealed
the presence of species complexes and cryptic species
within P. coleae - P. carphorrhizans, P. tiliacea - P. pastillifera, and P. carporrhizans - P. atricha. In this study, ITS
sequences generated from specimens collected from

Europe and North America have been analyzed applying molecular phylogeny and estimation of genetic
distances approaches to explore species boundaries
and cryptic lineages in the above mentioned complexes. Using a fast and accurate method we aimto identify
candidate species within problematic groups and confirm the efficiency of the ITS region forthe identificationof species in Parmelina. Complementarily we provide
a DNA barcode reference library with well-identified
specimens.
Acknowledgments: This research was supported by
the grant number PID2019-103993GB-I00 funded by
MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.
References: Ångström J. 1876. Prima lineae muscorum cognoscendorum, qui ad Caldas Brasilia suntcollecti. Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 33: 3–55;
Churchill S.P., N. Sanjines A. & C. Aldana M. 2009.
Catálogo de las Briofitas de Bolivia: Diversidad, Distribución y Ecología. Missouri Botanical Garden &Museo de Historia Natural, St. Louis & Santa Cruz;
Costa D.P. 2016. A synopsis of the family Pottiaceae
in Brazil. Phytotaxa 251: 1–69.

S.101. MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL, AND
EVOLUTIONARY BASIS OF HABIT TRANSITIONSIN PLANTS
P.0894 Systematic
wood micro-anatomicalevaluation of Diospyros
species in Southwestern
Nigeria
Akinwumi J. Akinloye1, Opeyemi P.
Akinsulire1, Chukwuma H. Illoh1
1 Department of Botany, Obafemi Aolowo University,
Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Wood micro-anatomy of 14 species of Diospyros inSouthwestern Nigeria were investigated while diagnostic features of the genus identified. Transverse, tangential longitudinal as well as radial longitudinal sectionsof each matured Diospyros wood were obtained using
Reichert sliding microtome and at 10 μm thickness. The
woods were also macerated with Schulz’s fluid. The cut
sections and the macerates were stained with Phyto-dyes while the micro-anatomical differences in the tissue arrangements, shape, as well as cell inclusions werenoted for delimitation purposes. The results showedthat all the 14 Diospyros species studied had essentially similar generic micro-anatomical features. However,such wood micro-anatomical characteristics as tyloses, crystal types, fibre lengths and percentage of solitary vessels distinguished the taxa studied. Tylose wasabsent in Diospyros. monbuttensis, D. nigerica and D.
physocalicina, separating the three taxa. However, thepresence of crystal druses in D. physocalycina, and in D.
suaveolens, druses and styloid in D. tricolor and crystal
druses, styloid and prismatic crystal in D. undabunda
is classificatory for the four taxa. Fibre length was significant (p= 0.478) in separating D. iturensis and D. piscatoria from the other taxa with the former having thelongest fibre length while the latter had the shortest. It
was concluded that wood micro-anatomical features
are important parameters of characterization andclassification and can be used in the identification of
the studied taxa.

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P.0895 Leaf anatomy ofgenus Glyphochloa
Maria A.A.R. Fonseca1
1 Department of Botany, St. Joseph Vaz College,
Cortalim, Goa- India.
The genus Glyphochloa W.D.Clayton of the subtribe
Rottboelliinae, tribe Andropogoneae and sub family Panicoideae (Watson & Dallwitz, 1994), is restricted
to Peninsular India. All the species of this genus were
earlier recognized under Manisuris L.Clayton (1981) reduced this to a single species and transferred others to
the genus Glyphochloa W.D.Clayton. This paper bringsout the anatomical studies of the genus Glyphochloa
for the first time, relating to its taxonomy and ecology. This Genus is seen distributed along hard lateritic
rocks in Peninsular and Central India, growing in theraining season. Free hand sections of leaf were taken,
processed and observed under the light microscope.
The genus Glyphochloa can be divided into two groups
based on morphology: as single awned or two awned,
growing at low and high altitude respectively. The anatomy of the leaf midrib shows prominent U or V shaped
region in two awned species. The vascular bundles arewell supported by sclerenchymatous patches on eitherside of the midrib. Epidermis in surface view is divided
into longitudinal zones which distinguishes the intercostal zones from the costal zones, showing silica cells.
Epidermal cells are barrel shaped, in few cases inflated.
The mesophyll shows chlorenchymatous cells that radiate around all vascular bundles surrounded by bundle sheath cells. Single awned species, showed sclerenchyma for all vascular bundles, while in two awned
species, sclerenchyma strands girders were seen atconstrictions on either side of the leaf.

tative adaptation. However, more than four thousand
parasitic plants have evolved unique mechanisms
to exploit their hosts of photosynthesis products. How
does the ground plan of their leaves respond to sucha fundamental shift in selective regimes? In this study,
we investigated the evolution of leaf architecture inparasitic plants using a combination of quantitative
morphology, systematics, and collection-based science. Orobanchaceae provided a unique comparative
framework spanning the entire spectrum of parasitism
from photosynthetic free-living plants to three independent evolutions of full parasites. Using high-resolution
images from digitized specimens, we mathematicallyanalyzed leaf geometry from more than one thousand
samples across Orobanchaceae. In addition, we alsocollected venation statistics from chemically cleared
leaves using a deep learning-based technique. These
high-resolution leaf morphology data were then combined with phylogeny and climate data to form an integrative understanding of the relative importance oflife history and abiotic factors in shaping the vegetative
body plant. Our study highlights the importance of leaf
architecture in the adaptation of parasitic plants to different modes of lifestyle.

P.0897 Comparative
anatomical andhistochemistry study of
Zephyranthes fosteri, Z.
alba and Z. fosteri × Z. alba
(Amaryllidaceae)
Lucía Y. Centeno-Betanzos1*, Teresa
Terrazas Salgado2, Carlos E. LozadaBecerra1, Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa3

References: Clayton, W.D. 1981. Notes on the tribe
Andropogoneae (Gramineae). Kew Bull. 35: 813-818.
Watson, L. and M.F. Dallwitz, 1994. Grass genera of theWorld. CAB International.Wallingford

P.0896 Life history sculpts
the body plan of leaves in
non-photosynthetic plants
Liming Cai1, Saneeva George1
1 Department of Integrative Biology, The Universityof Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
Plants’ life is a constant battle for water and light, andtheir leaf architecture is a critical component of vege-

1 Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico. 2 Institute of Biology, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico. 3 Institute of Chemistry, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
In this work, the anatomy and histochemistry of thespecies Zephyranthes fosteri, Zephyranthes alba andZ. fosteri × Z. alba (Amaryllidaceae) were studied in order to characterize these taxa and present elementsthat supported or refuted the hypothesis that Z. fosteri× Z alba is a hybrid of the first two and locates its alkaloids in tissues. These three taxa coexist in the Pedregal
de San Ángel Ecological Reserve (REPSA) located in the
University City of the National Autonomous Universityof Mexico (UNAM). The anatomical structure of the leaf,
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and compared. For histochemistry, fresh hand-cut tissues were used and the Warner, Dragendorff and Jeffrey reagent was applied to locate the alkaloids. The
results showed that the main characters to distinguishZ. fosteri from Z. alba were: a) in the leaf, the differences in the size of the mesophyll and the diameter ofthe scape, b) the presence of veins and the striatedshape of the cuticle in Z. fosteri, and c) the absence ofpalisade parenchyma in Z. alba. There was a positive
reaction for the alkaloids in all the tissues studied in thethree species, but in the bulb there was a greater reaction. In the aerial leaves the reaction was observedin the parenchyma close to the vascular bundles andin the palisade parenchyma. Z. alba presented more
precipitates in its tissues compared to the other taxa.
At a structural level, the results support the proposalthat Z. fosteri × Z. alba could be a hybrid, due to theintermediate anatomical character it presents andthe similarity in the internal structure with both parental species. The reaction of the alkaloids allowed us tovisualize their location in the tissues and locate theirhighest concentration in the plant organs.

phellogen cells is maintained and active for years.
We hypothesize that cork oak’s phellogen cells undergo frequent anticlinal divisions. As a strategy,
early developmental stages of phellogen/cork tissue pattern are being compared between two oaktree species: the cork oak and the round-leaf oak(Quercus rotundifolia Lam.). Both species are iconic in Mediterranean landscapes, they are phylogenetically related (Eurasian Subgenus Quercus), butdisplay contrasting periderms (triplet tissue composed from phelloderm- phellogen- phellem). The
round-leaf oak produces a rhytidome (successive
periderms) because the phellogen cell ring collapses periodically, as opposed to the single peridermof the cork oak. Young branches of cork oak andround-leaf oak were collected for light microscopy
observation and analysis. Image analysis methods
were optimized for a robust comparative analysis oftissue pattern features (orientation of cell division,
cell types, cell numbers and cell size) between thetwo oak tree species. This poster communication will
present our results so far.

P.0898 Cell division
patterns during earlycork development in two
Quercus spp.

P.0899 Genomic adaptationof mangrove sea-floating
propagules in transition tointertidal zones

Davide Botticelli 1,2,3,4, Carlos VilaViçosa1,2,3,5, Ana Campilho1,2,3

Jiayan Wang1, Suhua Shi1, Zixiao Guo*1

1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidadee Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado,
Vairão -Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 2
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências,
Portugal. 3 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal. 4
Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-foodand Forest system, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. 5 MHNC-UP - Museu de História Natural e daCiência da UP, Porto, Portugal.
More than 350 hundred years have passed since
Hooke’s examination of a slice of cork under a microscope, and despite being the “first cells” to becalled as such, little is known about the mechanisms regulating cork cells pattern formation. The
main objective of this study is to address a distinct
feature of the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) phellogen (the lateral meristem that produces phellem/cork). This tree’s unique genetic program allows
the same ring of meristematic cells to keep up with
the inner trunk enlargement as long as the tree isalive. However, it is unknown how the same ring of

1 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
Guangzhou, China *guozx8@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Successful propagation is the prerequisite condition
to maintain long-term population existence for plantsthat transit into extreme environments. Mangroves
have invaded the intertidal zones, which are very narrow habitats linearly distributed along ocean coasts.
Mangrove propagules must float in sea water andeven disperse across seas before they can be fixed in
the soil. How have the genomes of mangrove species
evolved and adapted to develop sea-floating propagules? We used multi-omics methods to uncover
the underlying molecular adaptations using Heritieramangroves as the model. Heritiera mangroves havea strong ability for long-distance dispersal because
their fruits have hard woody epicarp, fibrous mesocarp, and air spaces. We de novo sequenced and assembled high-quality genomes for Heritiera littoralis
Aiton and Heritiera fomes Banks. Phylogenomic analysis indicates H. littoralis and H. fomes originated (at~6.08 Mya) just before the start of Quaternary sea-level fluctuations. Whole genome duplication occurred466

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earlier, permitting gene copy gains in the two species.
Many of the expanded gene families are involved inlignin and flavonoid biosynthesis, likely contributing
to buoyant fruit emergence. By examining H. littoralis fruits at three different developmental stages, wefound that the upregulation of WRKY12 and E2Fc likely
constrains the production of p-Coumaroyl-CoA, thekey internal substrate for lignin biosynthesis. Hence, toincrease fruit impermeability, methylated lignins biosynthesis is shut down by downregulating the genes
CCoAOMT, F5H, COMT, and CSE, while unmethylated
lignins are preferentially produced by upregulating
CAD and CCR. Similarly, cutin polymers and cuticularwaxes accumulate with high levels before maturationin epicarps. In summary, our integrative multi-omics research elucidates the molecular mechanisms
underlying mangrove propagation by sea-floating
propagules. These new insights will be useful in mangrove restoration and protection.

P.0900 Unveiling liana
wood anatomy: insights
into convergence, woodconfiguration, andtranscriptional modulationby physical support

strongly suggests the adaptive potential of such characteristics in habit evolution. Nonetheless, the factors
governing the transition in xylem type formation andthe regulation of xylem differentiation remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the impact of physical support fixation on lianescent xylem productionin Bignonia magnifica W. Bull (Bignoniaceae) liana by
integrating detailed anatomical analyses of secondary xylem formation with the study of differential gene
expression profiles in the cambium and differentiatingxylem in the two phases. Our findings reveal that theinitiation of lianescent xylem formation is triggered byphysical support fixation, leading to a reduction in fiber
content, the production of larger vessels, the inceptionof vessel production by the interfascicular cambium,and higher potential specific hydraulic conductivity. These changes are linked to a downregulation ofgenes associated with cell division and cell wall biosynthesis, alongside an upregulation of transcription
factors, defense/programmed cell death genes, andhormone-responsive genes during the lianescentphase.

P.0901 Natural grasslandsof Brazil: macroscopic wood
anatomy of twenty-fivesmall plants species

André C. Lima1,2, Sónia C. S. Andrade1,
Caian S. Gerolamo1, Diego T. de Souza1,
Luiz L. Coutinho3, Magdalena Rossi1,
Veronica Angyalossy1

Tiago M. G. Pinto1, Davi N. de Lemos1,
Maycon S. Teixeira1, Giselda Durigan2,
Mario Tomaazello-Filho1

1 Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo,
Brazil. 2 School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil. 3 Luiz de Queiroz College ofAgriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Lianas display pronounced anatomical convergencewithin their vascular systems. In the xylem, this convergence manifests as a decrease in fiber content,
an increase in vessel density, wider vessels linked withsmaller diameter ones, and a heightened presenceof parenchyma and phloem tissues interspersed
throughout the xylem. We term this particular xylem
configuration as lianescent xylem. Another lesser-explored characteristic is the initial developmental stage
wherein the xylem is fibrous, and vessels are scarceand diminutive, present in most lianas and referred tohere as non-lianescent xylem. Moreover, the transition
between these phases is abrupt when examined incross-section. The prevalence of these traits across lianas, regardless of family or order which they belong,

1 Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo, Brazil.
In natural fields, small plants –herbs, subshrubs, andshrubs– consist of stems and roots with wood (secondary xylem) displaying a characteristic anatomical
structure and applied in taxonomy and ecologicalstudies. Botanical materials were collected from twenty-five species of small plants occurring in areas ofthree natural grassland physiognomies of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Goiás. The woodof stem and root of small plants was cross-sectioned
into 1 cm length segments, polished with sandpaper(increasing series: 80-1200 grains/mm2) for contrast
and visualization of the anatomical structure. Similarly, sections of the tangential longitudinal plane of thewood were cut using a scalpel. The analysis of the anatomical structure was carried out with the naked eye
and with a thread-counting magnifying glass (10x). The

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macroscopic anatomical description of the wood wasadapted from the standard guidelines (Coradin andMuniz 1991), analyzing the growth rings and the anatomical constituents of the wood (secondary xylem),such as vessels, fibers, longitudinal and radial parenchyma (shape, dimensions, and distribution). The
macroscopic anatomical characteristics of the transverse plane of the wood (secondary xylem) observed
were: (i) radial parenchyma (visibility); (ii) pores/vessels (visibility; porosity; arrangement and grouping);(iii) growth rings (distinction and characterization ofdelimitation). The macroscopic characteristics of thetangential longitudinal plane of the wood observed
were: (i) radial parenchyma (visibility and distribution).
Small plants exhibit distinct anatomical wood structures characteristic of their species, with potential applications in taxonomy, distinct growth rings in somespecies with potential in herbchronology. The macroscopic dimensions of the anatomical wood elements
indicate the importance of their microscopic analysis.

tain partial anatomical results. The cephalium region
showed, in comparison with the vegetative portion, intense development of the periderm, discontinuous hypodermis with undefined layers, absence of palisadecortex, increased number of mineral inclusions andcortical bundles and decreased mucilaginous cells inthe spongy cortex. These traits are most evident at thebase of the cephalium but are also observed at apicaland median regions. Studies like this can help to elucidate the role of cephalium as a potential synapomorphy for subgroups of Cactaceae.

Reference: Coradin, V.T.R.; Muniz, G.I. Procedure standards in wood anatomy studies: I.Angiospermae ; II.
Gymnospermae. Brasilia: IBAMA. DIRPED, LPF, 1991. 19p.
(IBAMA. Technical Series , 15).

Kyeonghee Kim1, Min-Kyeong Oak2,
Sungyu Yang1, Goya Choi1, Jun-Ho Song3

P.0902 Anatomical studiesof floriferous zones in
Cactoideae (Cactaceae)
Rafaella Munhoz1, Natália Bonfante2,
Patricia Soffiatti2, Mariana R. Fantinati3
1 Department of Biological Sciencies, Unesp, Assis,
Brazil. 2 Department of Botany, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil. 3 Botanical Museum “Frederico Carlos Hoehne”,
Unesp, Assis, Brazil.
Cephalium is a specialized reproductive portion (floriferous zone) exclusive to Cactaceae Juss. It is present in some groups of the subfamily Cactoideae Eaton. and can be defined as a continuous region withconfluent areoles and dense production of spines,
trichomes and flowers, in addition to periderm production. However, there is a lack of anatomical studies
on this structure. The aim of the present work was toinvestigate the anatomical traits of the dermal systemand part of the fundamental system of the cephalium of specimens of Coleocephalocereus fluminensis(Miq.) Backeb. to provide a better understanding of
its anatomy. Anatomical traits of the apical, median,and basal regions of the vegetative and reproductive(cephalium) portions of the stem were studied in longitudinal and cross sections and it was possible to ob-

P.0903 Leaf epidermal
micromorphology in
Peucedanum and related
genera (Apiaceae): diversity
and taxonomic significance

1 Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Republic ofKorea. 2 Garden Education Office, Sejong National
Arboretum, Sejong, Republic of Korea. 3 Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University,
Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Peucedanum L. comprises 100–120 species, mostly in
Eurasia and Africa. This study is the first to examine
the leaf epidermal micromorphology of 14 Peucedanum taxa, including two new endemic species, themedicinally significant P. praeruptorum, and related genera. This study used a large-area and multiscale automated field-emission scanning electron
microscopic data. The leaves of all Peucedanum
taxa except P. chujaense were amphistomatic, whereas P. chujaense, Sillaphyton podagraria,
and Heracleum moellendorffii were hypostomatic.
Anisocytic and staurocytic stomata complexes are
the most frequent type; rarely actinocytic and anomocytic also occur. Convex periclinal cell wall was
found in all Peucedanum taxa; however, Sillaphyton podagraria and Heracleum moellendorffii had
epidermal cells of a central conical periclinal wall.
Non-glandular trichomes on leaves were only foundin P. praeruptorum. Two types of epicuticular waxes
were observed: scales and granules. Although most
Peucedanum species share a similar epidermal
morphology, the stomatal complex, epidermal celland trichome types, and epicuticular waxes provide
essential information for systematic and taxonomic
investigations in this genus.

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P.0904 The role of far-red
and blue wavelengths
in negative shootphototropism in atemperate liana Hedera
helix

P.0905 Leave anatomy of
the genus Gundelia
Golshan Zare1, Metin Armağan2, AslıDoğru-Koca3, Osman Tugay4
1 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Botany, Ankara, Turkey. 2 Necmettin
Erbakan University, Ereğli Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Konya, Turkey. 3 Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey. 4 Selçuk University, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Botany, Konya, Turkey.

Tomasz P. Wyka1
1 Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University,
Poznań, Poland.
For climbers, supporting structures are a key environmental resource because they are needed
for proper display of leaves and flowers. Several climber species have been shown to detectsupporting structures remotely. The common ivy(Hedera helix L.), a temperate shade tolerant liana, uses negative phototropism (i.e., growth awayfrom light and into darker areas) to locate nearby support (Wyka 2023; Tree Physiology 43:1874–
1885). Whereas positive phototropism is common
in plants and is controlled by blue light absorbedby phototropins, negative shoot phototropism
has rarely been reported, and little information isavailable on its action spectrum. The purpose ofthis study was to test the activity of representative
wavelengths in controlling phototropic responsesof H. helix. Seedlings of H. helix were exposed to lateral overhead white fluorescent light in a growthchamber and presented with a black surface on
the opposite side. This arrangement created aspatial light gradient that stimulated growth towards the black surface in control plants. Monochromatic LEDs were mounted on the black surface and directed towards the plants. Green (520nm) and red (630 nm) light did not affect the direction of shoot growth. UVA (365 nm) and blue
(460 nm) light disrupted the directional growthand caused disorientation of the shoots. Far-red(730 nm) light caused reversal of growth direction – shoots grew away from the black surface on
which the LEDs were mounted. These results are
consistent with blue, UVA and the far-red radiation guiding the shoot growth direction in negative
phototropism. However, while gradients of blueand UV may indicate the location of opaque objects, such as trees, with respect to the solar asimuth, far-red light is also scattered from neighboring vegetation. To permit tree detection in thenative understory environments of H. helix, thesesignals must be interpreted by plants separately.

Gundelia tournefortii was described by Linnaeus andhas long been known as a monospecific. This genus isa controversial genus whose number of taxa has increased to 16 in Turkey in the last decade. Morphological characters such as inflorescence characteristics,
flowers and fruits have been widely used to introduce
new taxa. But all these characters show a wide rangeof variation in inter- and intra-species level. In this study,
we try to find more reliable characters for the identification of these taxa. The leaf anatomy of 16 species of
Gundelia grown in Türkiye was studied in detail. All theplant materials collected from different parts of Türkiye
were kept in 70% ethanol for anatomical studies. Cross
section of leaf, leaf epidermis, stomatal density, size
and index of the studied taxa were examined by safranin and astra blue. In this study, we report a detailed
anatomical property of the leaf and epidermis, suchas stoma index, guard cell size, crystal type and density. These characters provided valuable characters forthe identification of taxa in Gundelia. Although the anatomical characters of these taxa are not sufficient as
diagnostic characters, they can be used together withmorphological characters.

P.0906 Leaf anatomy of
Mexican species of thegenus Iresine P.Browne(Amaranthaceae s.l.)
Silvia Zumaya-Mendoza1, Alicia Rojas
Leal2, Teresa Terrazas Salgado2
1 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Mexico. 2 Instituto de Biología,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
Iresine belongs to the Amaranthaceae s.l. family, its
species are distributed in different environments, so theleaf anatomy is expected to be diverse. The aims of thisstudy were to describe the leaf anatomy of 25 species

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Poster presentationsof Iresine present in Mexico. Mature and healthy leaves
were removed from the herbaria and processed withconventional paraffin embedding techniques to obtaintransverse and paradermal sections. The results show
leaves of variable shapes and sizes, tomentose to glabrous; with cuticle thin to thick and stomata anomocytic
at the same level as the epidermal cells. The mesophyll
is heterogeneous, the palisade parenchyma has one tofour layers of cells and occupies 20 to 70% of the mesophyll and the spongy parenchyma is loose or compact as in I. ajuscana, I. pringlei, I. latifolia, the crystals,
druses or sandstones, are predominantly found in themesophyll. The vascular bundles may or may not havesheath extensions of parenchyma or sclerenchyma
as in I. pringlei. The midvein contour is round to square;
immediately below the epidermises there is collenchyma in some species such as I. orientalis and one to four
central vascular bundles are present (I. diffusa, I. flavescens, I. palmeri) with or without sclerenchyma. The
combination of leaf characters could have diagnostic
value in some species and other characteristics as for
cuticle thickness, presence of sheath extensions andabundance of palisade parenchyma could be related
to the environment in which Iresine species grow.

S.103. MOUNTAIN BIODIVERSITY ANDEVOLUTION.
P.0907 Studies ofarchitectural models of
Azerbaijan bellflowers ofsubgenus Campanula(Campanulaceae)
Asya E. Akbarova1, Rashad A. Salimov2
1 Institute of Botany, Baku, Azerbaijan. 2 Departmentof Science, Sumgayit State University, Sumgayit,
Azerbaijan.
The genus Campanula L. is the most species-rich genera of the Campanulaceae Juss., with about accepted
names of 458 species including 110 species in Caucasus and 46 species in Azerbaijan flora. Representativesof this genus grows in various environmental conditions: forests, meadows, rocks and rarely in deserts
and semi – deserts. Most of them are numerous andvaried in high mountains, in the subalpine and alpine
belts. Plant samples collected during expeditions fromdifferent regions of Azerbaijan in 2018-2022, and Campanula herbarium specimens stored in the BAK of theInstitute of Botany were used in this study. The life forms,
habitat and bioecology of species were analyzed in
the context of available relevant literature references.
The wide distribution of bellflowers species correlateswith the diversity of their life forms. The structural basisof life forms is the architectural model that determines
the basic growth strategy of a plant. Campanula species are characterized by various architectural models,
which indicates the genus is polytypic for architecture.
Our findings show various architectural models can beobserved in one section of the genus and/or the same

one can be shared by species belonging to several
sections. The studied species are grouped based on
the architectural models as follows: model Tomlinson– C. latifolia L., C. bononiensis L., C. odontosepala Boiss.
(all are in sec. Campanula), C. glomerata L. (sec. Involucratae (Fomin) Charadze), C. alliariifolia Willd., and C.
sarmatica Ker.-Gawl. (both of them in sec. Cordifoliae(Fomin) Charadze); model Holltum – C. sibirica L. (in sec.
Campanula); model Mc. Clure – C. rapunculoides L. (insec. Campanula); model Aubreville – C. collina Sims.
(in sec. Cordifoliae (Fomin) Charadze); model Troll – C.
kolenatiana C.A. Mey., and C. bayerniana Rupr. (both ofthem in sec. Symphyandriformes (Fomin) Charadze).

P.0908 Echoes fromthe heights: digitizing
specimens from the 1955
Karakoram expedition
Ashley Bales1, Craig Meyer1, Ashlyn
Weaver2
1 Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort WorthBotanic Garden, Fort Worth, USA. 2 Rock Hill HighSchool, McKinney, USA.
The Himalayan-Hengduan (H-H) mountain range contains unparalleled biodiversity due to its unique topology and environmental conditions. The region’s geology
and prolific rate of speciation translates to biodiversitythat rivals rainforests, even in harsh conditions and highelevations. Due to ongoing effects of climate change,
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ened in the world. Between change in precipitation, retreating glaciers, and temperature increase, the clockis ticking on these unique plants. A Harvard University’s
Mountaineering Club (HMC) expedition originating in“good climbing, good company, and good adventure”
collected a critical snapshot of the flora in the summerof 1955 in the Karakoram Range, the most heavily glaciated part of the world outside the polar regions. Rather than focus solely on ascending the highest peaks of
the Karakoram, the HMC “committed the expedition toa scientific program.” They were accompanied by botanists Dr Grady L. Webster of Harvard and Dr Eugene
Nasir of Gordon College, who conducted a botanicalstudy of the area. Webster and Nasir collected over 800
specimens of vascular plants and bryophytes between
7,000-16,000 feet of altitude, with duplicates distributed
to herbaria around the world. These collections represent over 100 species with several later discovered as
new to science. Students and volunteers have beena key part of the BRIT Philecology Herbarium’s effort todigitize its holdings as part of the NSF-funded All Asia
grant (Award No. 2101846). Our work reconstructs theHarvard Mountaineering Club’s path and places the
specimens in historical, social, and scientific context.
This expedition-centered project can be a prototype ofoutreach and engagement with curious but otherwise
inexperienced students and volunteers. We discuss theunique challenges of the project, including georeferencing and consulting institutional archives.

ture of Myrtaceae and its well-established taxonomic
and phylogenetic understanding, in this study, we used
Myrtaceae as a model to examine species distribution
patterns within the Mantiqueira Mountain Range situated in Southeastern Brazil. In southeastern Brazil, theMantiqueira Mountain Range is a highland area among
Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Espírito Santo states. We compile the database of Myrtaceae registers at SpeciesLink and Jabot for each municipality (398in total) limited by the Mantiqueira Mountain Range. To
compile the database, online registers were consulted
and marked on a grid measuring 0.25º x 0.25º, overlapping with Conservation Unit boundaries. A total of 354
species were identified; 38 of them are threatened, andtwo are endemic to the Mantiqueira Mountain Range.
Of the 398 municipalities in the Mantiqueira Mountain
Range, 259 (65.08%) had records of Myrtaceae. The
grid squares with the highest species richness were located in areas previously sampled by experts or within
Conservation Units. Removing records from these locations would reduce the sample by half (6627 registers),
indicating that the sample is not biased solely due tothe “museum effect” but also due to the availability ofstructure and logistics facilitated by the Conservation
Units. Both sets of records highlight the importance ofcomprehensive data collection during fieldwork andthe role of Conservation Units in floristic research.
Acknowledgments: Funding: CAPES, CNPq, FAPEMIG.

P.0910 Highlights of thehighest tree inventory
stablished in Brazil: thecloud forest particularities
and future concerns at 2,330m altitude

P.0909 Conservation Units
play a vital role in plant
conservation: a Myrtaceae
family case study in the
Mantiqueira Mountain
Range (Southeastern Brazil)

Nina Caldeira1, Kelly Antunes1, Lucas D.
Santana1, José Hugo C. Ribeiro2, Walef D.
Vieira1, Fabrício A. Carvalho1

Nina Caldeira1, Kelly Antunes1, Pamela
Tavares da Silvia1, Luiz Menini Neto1,
Fabrício Alvim Carvalho1

1 Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora,
Brazil. 2 Southeastern Federal Institute - Rio Pomba
Campus, Rio Pomba, Brazil.

1 Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
In a megadiverse country such as Brazil, species knowledge and geographical distributions are vital to support biodiversity conservation and sustainable use decisions. Myrtaceae is the seventh biggest angiosperm
family in the world (ca. 6000 species); in Brazil, there
are ca. 1200 species, 83% endemic. The Atlantic Forest
domain is considered one of the biggest centers of the
Myrtaceae diversity. Given the widely distributed na-

Occurring above 1,000 m high in Brazil, tropicalmontane cloud forests (herein, cloud forests) arefrequently immersed in fog. They are one of themost threatened ecosystems in the world dueto their strict distribution allied to human disturbances. Cloud forests are deeply dependent
on fog coverage, low temperatures, and rainfall

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patterns. These particular environmental conditions enable cloud forests to be home to uniqueand threatened plant lineages. Here, we characterized different aspects (floristic composition, structure, and carbon stock) of the highest
forest ever sampled in Brazil (Serra do Papagaio
State Park, southeastern Brazil). In total, 450 trees
with circumference ≥ 15.5 cm in ten 20x10 m plots
were measured and identified. The carbon stock
was estimated using allometric equations. The
sampled trees represented 18 families, 22 genera, and 37 species. The forest has high density(2250 ind.ha -1) and high basal area (63 m 2.ha-1);
both values are higher than the literature values
for Brazilian cloud forests. The families Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Solanaceae, and the genera Myrceugenia, Miconia, and Solanum were therichest and representative of high-montane forests. Myrceugenia bracteosa (O.Berg) D.Legrand& Kausel, an endangered species, was the mostimportant species (highest basal area, density,and frequency) and is dominant in the community. The estimated carbon stock of the forest,
2992 Mg.ha-1, is outstanding and higher than inforests across several biomes, including the Amazon. With the ongoing scenario of global warming and climate emergencies, climate modelinghas already revealed that the Brazilian cloud forests might disappear until 2080, with already severe adequability lost in 2030. We highlight thatthe Brazilian high-montane biodiversity and core
ecosystem services (as the massive potential ofstocking carbon) are severely at risk. Such impressive findings reinforce the increasing concern for cloud forests worldwide.
Acknowledgments: Funding: FAPEMIG, CNPq, CAPES.

P.0911 Genome architecture
and population genomic
structure of a bromeliad
species adapted to anelevation cline
Paulo Aecyo1, Marilia M. Tavares1,
Jacqueline S. Mattos1, Fernando DellaRosa2, Alessandro Varani3, Fábio
Pinheiro1, Cleber J. N. Chaves1, Aureliano
Bombarely4, Diego M. Riaño-Pachón2,
Clarisse Palma-Silva1

1 Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and Genomics ofPlants, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual deCampinas, Campinas, Brazil. 2 Laboratory of Computational, Evolutionary and Systems Biology, Center for
Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil. 3 Laboratory of Genomics andBioinformatics, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal,
Brazil. 4 Laboratory of Crops, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnicade Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Local adaptation is a complex process led by natural divergent selection, and can culminate in an
ecological speciation event. However, the paceof climate change may pose significant risks tohighly specialized populations. Populations of
the diploid bromeliad Pitcairnia flammea Lidl.
exhibit distinct phenotypic traits associated withecological strategies across the elevation gradient of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Despite this,the genomic basis of these adaptations remain
unexplored. Our research aims to elucidate thegenomic basis of adaptation in P. flammea, focusing on how Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(SNPs) and Structural Variations (SVs) contributeto genetic divergence and adaptation across anelevation cline. To achieve this, we assembled
highly contiguous genomes of two individuals
from contrasting altitudes using PacBio HiFi andOmni-C sequences and resequenced 74 individuals (Illumina short-reads) from eight populations in an elevational cline (sea level to 2,200m).
Macrosynteny analysis with other bromeliads uncovered several gaps in pericentromeric regions,potentially enriched with repetitive elements. In
fact, transposable elements account for ~75% of
the genome of P. flammea. The demographic history inferred for each diploid genome suggested a notable decline in the effective population
size of both populations since the late Miocene,potentially linked to climatic variations and restricted gene flow. Principal Component Analysis(PCA) identified three distinct groups within our
samples, distinguishing the highland and lowland
populations, and isolating a single midland population. STRUCTURE analysis identified six clusters,
indicating limited gene flow among populations.
Moreover, 48.83 Gbp of the short-read sequences
did not align with the reference genome and will
be used to characterize the SVs among the individuals together with PacBio HiFi sequences from
one individual from each population. With that,
our study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the resilience of tropical mountain spe-

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cies to climate change, particularly in the world’s
most biodiverse region.

P.0912 Airborne pollen
trends in Sierra de las Nieves
National Park (southern
Spain)
Enrique de Gálvez Montañez1, Marina
Muñoz García1, Rocío Ruiz Mata1, M. Mar
Trigo1, Marta Recio1, Antonio Picornell1

P.0913 Species composition
and altitudinal distribution
patterns of wild Allium
L. relatives in the Kyrgyz
Alatau mountain ridge
Nadezhda G. Gemejiyeva1, Gulnara T.
Sitpayeva1, Liliya A. Dimeyeva1
1 Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty,
Kazakhstan.

1 Department of Botany and Plants Physiology. University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Sierra de las Nieves (southern Spain) is a protected space recently declared National Park withemblematic high and mid-mountain species
and relevant forest masses surrounded by unfavourable environmental conditions. In a global warming scenario, it is important to determine
how climate change can affect these forest species to establish conservation guidelines. In thisstudy, airborne pollen was sampled by meansof a Hirst-type volumetric pollen trap installed in“Las Conejeras” recreational area, bordering thedomains of the National Park. In this study, datafrom 2018 to 2023, both inclusive, were considered
to calculate trends in the Main Pollen Season(MPS) parameters. The MPS was defined by fitting
a logistic regression to the accumulated sum ofpollen concentrations as well as the calculationof derivatives. Data were managed by means of
the AeRobiology package, implemented in R software. Different responses to climate change wereobserved within the most abundant pollen types
with forest interest. Pollen types such as Pinus andCupressaceae did not show any significant trend
while others, such as Olea, showed an incipient
trend, and others, such as Castanea and Quercus presented clear significant trends to bringforward the start of their pollination period due tothe increase in temperatures. According to theseresults, the responses to global warming showed
diverse behaviours in this protected area, there
being species whose conservation measures
should be considered as a priority, given theirgreater sensitivity to temperature increases.

The Allium species indigenous to Kazakhstan present substantial economic potential and a rich species diversity within the Tien Shan mountains. This
investigation, utilizing data from the Herbarium (AA)and recent field studies, delineates 27 Allium species in the Kyrgyz Alatau region (A. atrosanguineum
Kar. et Kir., A. barsczewskii Lipsky, A. caesium Schrenk,
A. carolinianum DC., A. decipiens Fisch., A. fetisowii
Regel, A. filidens Regel, A. filifolium Regel, A. kokanicum Regel, A. hymenorhizum Ledeb., A. karataviense
Regel, A. longiradiatum (Regel) Vved., A. obliquum L.,
A. oreophilum C. A. Mey., A. oreoprasum Schrenk, A.
pallasii Murr., A. platyspathum Schrenk, A. sativum L.,
A. schoenoprasoides Regel, A. schoenoprasum L., A.
semenovii Regel, A. suworowii Regel, A. turkestanicum Regel), encompassing noteworthy endemic (A.
oreoprasoides Vved.) and subendemic (A. leptomorphum Vved., A. parvulum Vved., A. trachyscordum
Vved.) plants. A. barsczewskii exhibits an altitudinalrange of 1030-2500 m a.s.l., spanning from savannoid steppes in the low-mountain belt (Festuca
valesiaca, Stipa capillata, Elytrigia trichophora, Bothriochloa ischaemum) to subalpine grass-rich forb
meadows (Phlomoides oreophila, Bistorta elliptica,
Dactylis glomerata) and steppes (Festuca valesiaca, Helictochloa hookeri). Widespread at altitudes
ranging from 1140 to 1839 m a.s.l., A. caesium thrives
in rich forb floodplain meadows and intermountainvalleys (Phlomoides fetisowii, Betonica betoniciflora,
Dactуlis glomerata). High-mountain species like A.
atrosanguineum and A. hymenorhizum are found inalpine meadows (Alchemilla retropilosa, Potentilla
crantzii, Carex alatauensis), including those at the
Kumbel pass (3247 m a.s.l.). Certain species such as
A. oreophilum, A. platyspathum, A. semenovii, andA. carolinianum are observed in proximity to snowfields. In steppes and steppe meadows of foothills
and the low-mountain belt (800 – 1140 m a.s.l.), species like A. parvulum, A. suworowii, A. oreoprasum, A.
longiradiatum, A. leptomorphum, and A. karataviense are distributed.

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P.0914 Trees andshrubs of the Siberia
and surroundings,
Cochabamba- Santa Cruz,
Boliviaregion deserves special attention to continue botanical research and promote the conservation of
its ecosystems.

P.0915 Meeting the plantsof the “Martín Cárdenas”
Botanical Garden

Erika Fernández1, Jesus Jamachi1,
Mauricio Caballero1, 2, Rosario Saravia1,
Vania Torrez1, Leydi Flores1, Adriana
Llanque1, Carmen A. Castillo1, Nelly de la
Barra1

Erika Fernández1, Isabel Bellot1, Mariana
Zelada1, Fernanda Bustos1, Camilo Avalos1,
Martín Arteaga1, Camila Sosa1, Mauricio
Caballero1, Nelly de la Barra1

1 Departament of Biology, Faculty of Science andTechnology, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia. 2 National Forest Herbarium
Martín Cardenas, Center of Biodiversity and Genetics, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Siberia is a region with a large extension of cloudforests in the Yungas located between Yungas delIchilo biogeographic sector and the first foothills of
the Yungas del Piray-Río Grande sector in Bolivia.
It is comprised of the southern limit of the Yungas
biogeographic province in South America, where
numerous biodiverse ecosystems rich in endemic
species of plants, birds, reptiles, amphibians and insects develop. This paper presents an analysis of therichness, conservation status and endemism of thearboreal and shrub stratum. Collections were madefrom our own samplings, systematization of information and data from collections already recorded by other researchers, which gives us a total of
17 localities studied. The ecosystems sampled correspond to hillside forests, ravines, rocky walls androadsides, located between 2,200-3,080 m altitude.
Seventy-two families, 139 genera and 233 species
were recorded. The families with the greatest richness of genera are the Asteraceae 18 (13%), Rubiaceae with 13 (9.4%) and Solanaceae with 8 (5.8%). The
families with the highest species richness are Asteraceae with 32 (13.7%), Solanaceae with 20 (8.6%), Rubiaceae with 15 (6.4%), Rosaceae with 11 (4.7%), Fabaceae with 10 (4.3%) and Myrtaceae with 8 (3.4%). The
data show that 206 (88%) are native species, 23(10%) endemic, 2 (1%) naturalized and 2 (1%) cosmopolitan. Regarding conservation status, 18 (8%) species have some degree of threat, of which 9 (4%) are
ENDANGERED and 9 (4%) are VULNERABLE. The highspecific richness for trees and shrubs in the area iscomparable to that reported for other areas of the
Yungas in Bolivia, the percentage of endemisms andthe estimation of the degree of threat show that the1 Department and Career of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San
Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Botanic gardens are institutions serving a fundamental role in the conservation of a country’s regional flora, having an impact in the environmental education of its society. The Martín Cárdenas
botanical garden was founded in 1962, being thefirst in Bolivia, currently sheltering a collection ofnative, introduced, and endemic plants; being an
indispensable place to promote their conservation. The objective of the study was to strengthen the knowledge on the collected species in the
botanical garden, considering its rich abundance
and its state of conservation. As methods, an inventory was carried out between September 2021
and May 2022, recording a total of 346 species
belonging to 87 families. According to the analysis of status, most species are introduced and ina smaller proportion native and endemic; in thelatter, the cactis with important species such as
Neoraimondia herzogiana and Pereskia diazromeroana are stand outs that form part of thefirst collection of Bolivian cacti. The species withthe most abundance are Jacaranda mimosifolia
and Parajubaea torallyi. We denominate emblematic native species plants which are representative inside the Bolivian context, for example, thosewhich form part of the national symbols. The plants
under the threatened category are Parajubaea
torallyi (VU), Cantua bicolor (CR) and Polylepis
subtusalbida (VU). In conclusion, highlighting thescientific, environmental, and social value of the
botanical garden that represents a live collectionof native and emblematic species holding value
in relation to their conservation status. The species
present in the garden have various geographicalorigins, emphasizing a varied and representativeflora of the region and nation.

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P.0916 Phylogenetics andcharacter evolution in thediverse Neotropical genus
Monnina (Polygalaceae)

P.0917 DNA barcoding,phylogenetic, andmorphological analysis of
selected Timonius Rumph.
ex DC. spp. and its related
alliesAlina Freire-Fierro1,6,7,*, Felix Forest2, José
Floriano Barea Pastore3, James W. Horn4,
Xue-Jun Ge5
1 Herbario UTCEC and Grupo de Investigación “Diversidad Biológica y Conservación de Ecosistemas”, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga, Ecuador. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
Richmond, UK. 3 Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina, Curitibanos, Brazil. 4 Department of
Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Myers, USA. 5 South China Botanical Garden,
Guangzhou, China. 6 Natural History Museum,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA. 7 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA.
Monnina the second largest genus of Polygalaceae, is a Neotropical group widely distributed ata geographical and altitudinal ranges. Though
the genus was described over 250 years ago,molecular phylogenetic hypothesis about its origin and the evolution of its morphological features had not been investigated in depth until
recently. Following Bayesian and ML analyses ofnuclear ITS and plastid trnL–F regions comprising ~ 40% of Monnina species we present here themain findings: Monnina is a monophyletic genus
with the presence of indehiscent, 1–seeded fruit
as a synapomorphy. Six clades were recovered.
While Clades A, B, D and E include mostly herbaceous species, members from Clades C and F areprimarily shrubby. While Clades A, B, D and E include few taxa each, Clade C and Clade F are themost diverse. Clade C is distributed in the Central
Andes, and Clade F is primarily distributed in themountainous regions from the Northern Andes
and Central America. The same Clades C and F
include species with fleshy fruits. These two character-states, shrubby growth form and fleshy
fruits are phylogenetically correlated and probably contributed towards the increase in diversification rates in Clades C and F. The newly createdniches result from the uplift of the Andes and theabundance of dispersal agents might have also
contributed towards the diversification of Monnina in the Neotropical mountains.

Alyssa Marie A. Lola1,2,3, Noriaki Murakami1,2
1 Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan
University, Tokyo, Japan. 2 Makino Herbarium, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan. 3 Plant Sciences Laboratory, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
Guettardeae DC. remains one of the most problematic tribes of the Rubiaceae (coffee) family. Several
taxonomists argued about the true positions of its
members including the genus Timonius and its related genera namely, Antirhea and Guettarda (Rovaet al. 2002 & 2009, Achille et al. 2006, Chavez et al.
2021). Timonius DC. is comprised of approximately 300 species worldwide, 30 of which are endemic
in the Philippines, and many stay undescribed both
locally and internationally. In the present studies
about the genus and its close allies, a better representation of samples from Southeast Asia, especially in the Philippines is needed. This pushed the study
on Timonius, specifically to identify the best barcode, update the existing phylogeny, and examine
the morphological characters of the collected samples. DNA barcoding revealed that atpB-rbcL was an
ideal barcode for Timonius based on the sequencecharacteristics of each locus. More importantly,
phylogenetic analysis showed that all the collected samples belong to the Paleotropical dioecious
clade as supported in the study of Achille et al. 2006
and Chavez et al. 2021. Moreover, the constructed tree revealed that Timonius can be divided into
two subclades. This was backed up with morphological data wherein the defining characters were
the plant’s surface, stipule shape, floral and fruit arrangement, and pyrenes (number, orientation, andfilling). Additionally, the species described as Guettarda strigillosa grouped under the Timonius clade
instead of the Guettarda clade. This suggested that
Guettarda strigillosa must be Timonius strigollosus.
Morphological results corroborated with molecular
data also revealed the possibility of divergent Timonius spp., which are proposed as new to science.
Overall, this study provided a wider circumscription
and an update on the systematics of Timonius spp.
and its related genera.

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P.0918 A snapshot of theendemic vascular flora ofAndalusia (Southern Spain)

P.0919 Taxonomic species
turnover along elevational
gradients across the Andes

Gloria Martínez-Sagarra1, Juan A. Devesa1

Alba Martínez-Castro, Jesús Muñoz, Luis
Cayuela, Manuel J. Macía, Guillermo
Bañares-de Dios, Íñigo Granzow-dela Cerda, Itziar Arnelas, Carlos Iván
Espinosa, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Gabriel
Arellano, Jürgen Homeier, Selene Baez,
Jaime Peña, Marijn Bauters, Miro Demol,
Hans Verbeeck, Cecilia Blundo, Agustina
Malizia, Lucio Malizia, Rudi Cruz, William
Farfán, Yadvinder Malhi, Alex Nina, Norma
Salinas, Miles Silman

1 Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Cordoba, Spain
The Mediterranean region has long been recognized as one of the world’splant biodiversity
hotspots, hosting around 25,000 species of vascular plants. The floristic diversity of the Iberian
Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) comprises over
6,120 species of vascular plants (6,950 taxa), 26%of which are endemic.
Andalusia (southern Spain) stands out as theautonomous community with the highest plant
diversity and number of endemic species in
Spain. This is a result of geological and climatic
factors, as well as the high diversity of ecological environments which have facilitated multiple
speciation events. Devesa & Martínez-Sagarra(2023) conducted the most recent assessmentof endemic plant richness in Andalusia, providing updated information for each taxon. Building
upon this study, we provided an overview of thenumber, taxonomic composition, and geographic representation of vascular plant endemisms in
Andalusia. Thus, the number of strict endemics(i.e., not exceeding the Andalusian autonomous
community boundaries) amounts to 364 species (395 taxa). This territory also hosts at least
631 Ibero-Maghrebian endemic taxa and around
537 Iberian endemic taxa. Three endemic genera
have been recognized: Hymenostemma, Rothmaleria (Asteraceae), and Gadoria (Plantaginaceae). Regarding taxonomic composition, Linaria,
Centaurea, Teucrium, Armeria, Arenariaand Narcissusare the most representative genera (morethan 10 species each). The distribution of thestrict endemics is highly uneven across the major geographical units in the territory, including
Sierra Morena, the Guadalquivir Depression, theCádiz-Huelva coastline, and the Baetic mountain ranges. Notably, the latter, characterized byheterogeneous orography, lithology, and altitude
ranges, harbors the vast majority of strict Andalusian endemisms (around 370 taxa; almost 94%
of the total), which are distributed in varying proportions across its different mountains.

1 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física yQuímica Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,
Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Centro de Investigación
en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM),
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
4 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, USA. 5 Real Jardín Botánico– CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 7 Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica
Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador. 8 Departamento
de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador. 9 Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru. 10
ECI, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
Species turnover affects diversity at large scales.
In mountain forests, rapid changes in abiotic conditions across short geographical distances contribute to significant species turnover. High species
turnover in tropical forests may result from narrower
environmental niches. Climatic niches result fromcumulative physiological adaptability to climatechanges. When species share a similar range ofclimatic conditions, their niches overlap, often resulting in competition for resources and the evolution of differences in resource used to avoid directcompetition. Along elevational gradients, climaticconditions undergo significant changes, potentially constraining the climatic niche of certain species
and thus playing a crucial role in species turnover.
The tropical Andes exhibit remarkable environmental heterogeneity, characterized by significant variations in elevation and humidity, as well as a complex
mosaic of geology and soils. These factors, coupledwith historical climate variability in the Andes, have476

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contributed to the formation of a region characterized by vast biological diversity. Our study focuses
on examining species turnover along elevational
gradients across a broad latitudinal range in thetropical Andes. Specifically, we provide numericalassessments of species turnover in tropical montane forests and examine how narrow environmental niches contribute to this turnover. We conducteda large-scale comparison of nine elevation gradients in tropical montane forests across the Andes,from central Colombia to northern Argentina. We
observed that elevation shifts of approximately 500
m along the elevational gradient resulted in a highturnover of species composition, close to 80%, in theareas nearest to the equator, which decreases as
we move away from the equator. This is a result of
the reduced niche of tropical species, for which achange in altitude represents a change they do nottolerate in climatic conditions.

P.0920 Soil organiccarbon in tropical Andean
ecosystems study methods
and approaches: asystematic review
Víctor Alfonso Mondragón
Figueroa Casas1

Valencia1,study should be clarified, understanding that there
are various techniques for the determination of C,
but little is addressed from the socio-ecological systems and there is diversity of information regarding
the C models, this research suggests addressing thesequestration of COS within an interdisciplinary andsystemic approach. This implies the development ofmethodological, sociological, ecological and technological processes that allow us to understand the
problem from a holistic and integrative perspective,
which allows us to understand the dynamics of thecommunities in the territories surrounding the conservation of ecosystem services.
Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

P.0921 Partitioning
variation of leaf traits
across biological scalesin Cantabrian Mountains
grasslands
Miguel A. Ortega Moreno1, Rocío Peña
García1, María R. Pérez Vallejo1, Ximena
Baquero González1, José R. Obeso Suárez1,
Paola Laiolo1

Apolinar

1 Doctorado en ciencias ambientales UNICAUCA

1 Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Oviedo-CSIC-Principality of Asturias, Mieres, Spain.

Soil is the most important carbon (C) reservoir in theterrestrial biosphere, soil organic C (COS) is the result of the balance between organic matter inputs
to soils and C loss through decomposition, leaching and erosion of organic matter. the main sourceof organic matter is dead plant material from bothabove and below ground tissues. The potential ofsoils as carbon sinks has attracted considerable scientific attention in recent years as an alternative to
mitigate warming and as a key factor for soil health,there are areas that can be strategic to achieve
this goal. Like tropical Andean ecosystems with soils
mostly derived from volcanic ash and important
carbon reservoirs and stabilisers, due to their highorganic matter content, these ecosystems have highbiological, cultural and agricultural diversity. These
ecosystems are altered by the high concentrationof human settlements and changes in land use; Given this situation, research questions were raised in
the review, a gap in knowledge about the sequestration of COS in tropical Andean ecosystems was
identified and the methods and approaches for its

Trait variability can determine the potential of populations to respond to climatic changes and there
is increasing evidence on its role in maintaining thestability of population, community and ecosystem
dynamics. Most research on functional diversity addresses the variation at the specific and individual scale, but few studies include the lower levels of
biological organization, such as the intraindividual
scale. This study focuses on the relationship amongleaf trait variation across hierarchical scales, including the intraindividual scale, examining how it relates to the elevation gradient. Our objectives were:(1) to determine which biological scale best explains
the variability in leaf traits (community, population,individual, intraindividual); (2) to analyze changes
along the elevational gradient (population, individual, intraindividual); and (3) investigate the relationship among trait variation (population, individual,
intraindividual) and species richness (community).
Samplings were carried out in 23 locations acrossa broad range of altitude, from 40 to 2178 meters, in
the Cantabrian Mountains. A total of 22 128 leaves

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were collected from 2 855 individuals in 342 populations of 140 herbaceous plants species. Results
reveal that interspecific and intraindividual variation
are both high when compared with interindividual
variation. Furthermore, this relationship varies withelevation: at lower ranges, intraindividual variation ismore relevant, where the harsh climate likely constrains the range of trait values that individuals can
exhibit. The partitioning of variation among biological scales also depends on local species richness,showing an interaction between community scale
properties and variation at lower scales. This study
underscores the importance of leaf variation at low
biological scales in herbaceous plants. In a context
in which climatic harshness in mountains potentiallydeclines, we may anticipate a scenario where variation at the intraindividual scale increases in significance over to the species scale.

P.0922 Plant colonization
after Aneto glacier retreat:
Bottom up and Top down.
Palacio Sara1, Alvarez Aina1, DeschampsBerger César1, López Alba1, López-Moreno
José Ignacio1, Vidaller Ixeia1, Revuelto
Jesús1, René Pierre2, Lavergne Sebastien2,
Tejero Pablo1.
1 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia-CSIC, Jaca, Spain.
2 Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine-CNRS, Saint-Martind’Hères, France.
Glacier retreat allows plants to colonize new areas.
In the context of global warming, this phenomenon
is becoming increasingly relevant, causing changes in high mountain landscapes and dynamics. This
study investigates the relationship between the retreat of Aneto glacier (3400 m.a.s.l., central Pyrenees)
over the last 150 years and vegetation colonizationof previously ice-covered terrain. Five zones corresponding to different thawing periods have been
identified based on the analysis of archive photos
from the XIXth century and more recent aerial andsatellite images. Vegetation sampling was carriedout to determine the species present and the vegetation composition of each retreat belt. Additionally, basic functional traits of the species found werecollected to perform a functional analysis of thecolonization process. High-resolution drone images were also acquired to evaluate the representativeness of the sampling areas. There was a gradualreduction in plant diversity towards recently melted

areas. However, looking at species composition, we
observed evidence of bidirectional colonization inthis terrain, from the ridges downwards (upper margin) and from the lower margins upwards in the alpine/subalpine belt. Additionally, we noticed that thefloristic composition was more similar in the mostadvanced stages of succession than it is in the recently thawed areas. Finally, the study of functional
traits helps to understand the colonization capacity of the species that have occupied this previously
ice-covered area over the last 150 years. The results
have two important implications, i) they prove theexistence of nunataks in the central Pyrenees highlighting their role in postglacial colonization and ii)
demonstrate the significant differences in the rateof colonization and origin of the species that haveoccupied the space released by the ice. Future workthat integrates topographic, edaphic and genomic
variables will contribute to a better understanding of
the processes of periglacial colonization.

P.0923 Plant agrobiodiversity can beresource for the sustainable
development of mountainareas: the case of“Copafam” landrace(Phaseolus coccineus L.)
Davide Pedrali 1, Luca Giupponi 1,
Annamaria Giorgi 1
1 Researcher Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain
Areas, University of Milan, Edolo, Italy.
Nowadays about 80% of global plant-biodiversity
has been lost. Landraces are dynamic populations ofplants that had not a crop improvement but rather
they have adapted by evolving with the environment.
Hilly and mountain areas of Italy are rich in plant biodiversity but many of these traditional cultivars are little
or no characterized. The “Copafam” is a variety of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) that can be grown
only in the mountains and it is now at risk of extinction.
The main objective of this work was the characterization and enhancement of “Copafam” to evaluate its
possible input as a raw material for the creation of innovative and functional products. The phytochemical
and nutritional characteristics of “Copafam” was explored. Moreover, a sensory evaluation of model food478

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formulation (biscuits) made by this landrace was assessed using a citizen science approach. The results
show that the “Copafam” bean had a high dietary fiber and protein content (34.83 ± 2.48 g/100 and 21.93± 0.41 g/100 g dw) and it resulted in a great source of
secondary metabolites as polyphenols (121.36 ± 5.31
mg GAE/g dw), flavonoids (6.51 ± 0.17 mg/kg dw), andanthocyanins (28.11 ± 0.16 mg Cy3 G/kg dw), having
remarkable antioxidant activity too (76.42 ± 1.27 %).
Biscuits made from “Copafam” flour were considered
acceptable by consumers and were characterized
by a darker colour, and crunchy texture. Considering
the increasingly important impacts of climate change
and the fast changes of the socio-economic contexts,
landraces are becoming even more important. The
high amount of functional molecules found in “Copafam” could represent innovative forms of consumption such as fortified foods to enhance products forhuman health. This research showed that the result of
evolution can represent a valuable resource to preserve plant biodiversity and promote the sustainable
development of mountain areas.

P.0924 Phylogenomics andbiogeography of the arcticalpine genus Androsace(Primulaceae)
Chuan Peng1,2, Chihchieh Yu1, Yaowu
Xing1,3, Sébastien Lavergne4
1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China. 2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China. 3 Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical
Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China. 4 Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine,
CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
This work focuses on the Androsace genus (Primulaceae), which is largely distributed throughout
the arctic and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Based on well-improved species sampling,
especially for Asian species (103 species, ~160 globally), we constructed a highly supported maximum
likelihood phylogenetic tree using chloroplast andnuclear genes. Our results confirm the inclusion offormerly known genera Pomatosace Douglasia andVitaliana into Androsace. We show that the genome
size of Androsace s. l. ranges from 0.5G to 7G, withhigh-elevation species having larger genomes
and more repetitive sequences. More generally, our
phylogeny provides novel insights into the biogeo-

graphic history of the genus, with repeated migrations between Asian, European, and North-American
mountains. It also unravels important patterns ofconcerted life-history and habitat evolution.

P.0925 Exploring the last
stand: Plant diversity, andconservation in Cagayan’s
Wangag watershed forest
reserve, Philippines
Adriane B. Tobias1,2,3, Arthur Glenn A.
Umali1,3*, Gerald T. Eduarte3,4, Pastor L.
Malabrigo, Jr. 1,3,5,6
1 Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Universityof the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines. 2 Graduate School, University of the Philippines, Los Baños,
Philippines. 3 Pro-Seeds Development Association,
Incorporated 4 Institute of Renewable Natural Resources, College of Forestry and Natural Resources,
University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines.
5 Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines. 6 Land Grant Management Office, Office of the Vice Chancellor for
Planning and Development, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines.
This paper examines the transformative impact of acentury of land use changes on the lowland primary
forests of the Philippines, with a specific focus on the
Wangag Watershed Forest Reserve (WWFR) in Cagayan. Spanning 6,992 hectares, the WWFR serves as a
crucial refuge for lowland dipterocarp forests, facing
imminent depletion. Our research employs a meticulous plant diversity assessment methodology, utilizing
nine strategically placed quadrats along a 2-kilometertransect to document trees and understorey plants.
Complementing this, a 2-hectare permanent biodiversity monitoring area (PBMA) facilitates ongoing research initiatives. Results underscore the rich biodiversity within the WWFR, with 122 morpho-species identified
through systematic sampling and an additional 174
morpho-species through opportunistic sampling. The
PBMA stands out for its prevalence of premium timber
species, such as Dipterocarpus gracilis and Shorea
polysperma, with Tanguile (S. polysperma) emerging as a dominant species. Notably, the PBMA records
7,067 trees per hectare, revealing a dense and diverse
tree population, while also documenting five endemic species and 11 threatened plants, though large-sized
threatened trees are notably scarce. A comparative
analysis with a 2-kilometer transect highlights a mod-479

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erate level of plant diversity within the WWFR-PBMA. To
bolster conservation efforts, we introduce a geodatabase and interactive map storing essential baseline
data accessible through ArcGIS software. This researchendeavors to contribute significantly to the understanding and preservation of Cagayan’s critical lowland dipterocarp forests, providing valuable insights forsustainable management and conservation practices.

P.0926 The diversity oflichen flora at the National
Park of Mount Merbabu,
Central Java, Indonesia
Ludmilla Fitri Untari*1, Kristina Dewi2,
Japareng Lulang3, Ari S. Nugraha4
1 The Plant Systematics Laboratory, Departmentof Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas
Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 2 The National Park of Mount Merbabu, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.
3 School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 4 The Facultyof Pharmacy, University of Jember, Krajan Timur,
Sumbersari, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. * ludmilla.untari@ugm.ac.id.
Lichens are symbiotic organisms between algae(the phycobionts) and fungi (the mycobionts). Algae provide chlorophyll for photosynthesis, while
fungi provide a supply of minerals and water fromtheir environment, protection from desiccation, andreproduction. This symbiotic relationship tends to in-crease the ability of both organisms to adapt to different environmental conditions, due to the structure of
the thallus, the physiology, and the specific chemicalcompounds. The objective of this research is to study
the diversity of lichen species in Mt. Merbabu National Park (TNGMb). This study was conducted between
December 2022 and December 2023 using a purposive sampling technique. Species identification was
based on morphological, anatomical, and chemical
characteristics. Several environmental parameters
were also measured: pH, humidity, air temperature,
rainfall, and altitude. A total of 36 species were identified from Mt. Merbabu National Park (TNGMb) andgrouped into fifteen families, i.e. twenty species of foliose –squamulose lichens consisting of five families i.e.
Pannariaceae (one species), Parmeliaceae (thirteen
species), Peltigeraceae (one species), Physciaceae(three species), and Verrucariaceae (two species); ten
species of crustose lichens consisting of eight families i.e. Arthoniaceae (one species), Caliciaceae (onespecies), Fuscideaceae (one species), Graphidaceae(one species), Lecanoraceae (one species), Ochrolechiaceae (two species), Pertusariaceae (two species),
and Phyctidaceae (one species); and six species offruticose lichens belonging to three families, namely Parmeliaceae (three species), Ramalinaceae (twospecies), and Sphaerophoraceae (one species). The
measurement of the diversity index using the Shannon-Weiner is that the diversity index is 3.30 (high) withdetails of foliose lichens of 2,789 (moderate), crustoselichens of 2,064 (moderate) and fruticose lichens of
1,643 (moderate). Species descriptions and key species identification are presented in this article.

S.104. MTZ FLORAS, A WARNING LIGHT OF
GLOBAL CONSERVATION FUTURE
P.0927 Bridging the gap:
recent advances inextinction risk assessment
and plant biodiversity
conservation in Greece

1 Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, Division of Plant Biology, University of Patras, Patras,
Greece. 2 Department of Biology, National andKapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece,*gfassou@ac.upatras.gr. 3 Laboratory of Systematic Botany, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural
University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 4 Departmentof Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Panayotis Dimopoulos1, Georgia Fassou1*,
Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis1, Ioannis
Bazos2, Maria Panitsa1, Panayiotis Trigas3,
Ioannis Tsiripidis4

Greece ranks among the most biodiverse countries
in Europe, hosting ca. 6,900 vascular plant taxa, 21% of
which are endemic. Despite this rich plant diversity, no
attempt has been made until recently to assess the extinction risk of the total or major part of its vascular flora based on the IUCN criteria. The previously published480

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Greek Red List Books (1995 & 2009) cover assessmentsfor only 466 plant taxa. However, these evaluations
were either not conducted in accordance with the current IUCN criteria or are now considered outdated, as
more than ten years have elapsed since the last red
book was published. Recently, 54 experts from both
Greece and abroad, under the coordination of the Hellenic Botanical Society and the support of IUCN, conducted an assessment of the extinction risk for the vast
majority of vascular plant taxa in Greece, applying current IUCN criteria and methodology, as part of the project “Compilation of Red Lists of Threatened Species ofPlants, Animals and Fungi of Greece”, funded by Natural
Environment & Climate Change Agency (N.E.C.C.A.). This
comprehensive assessment has revealed that nearly
40% of the assessed endemic and 12% of the assessed
non-endemic species fall under a threatened category. Consequently, we are now able to identify specificregions acting as biodiversity hotspots for threatened
plant taxa and prioritize them accordingly. Furthermore,this work enables the assessment of the effectivenessof Greece’s established network of protected areas
in covering and safeguarding these critical regions
through gap analysis. Our findings underscore thesepivotal areas, and this expert-led, collaborative effort
establishes a fundamental baseline for future conservation research. It also serves as a foundation for thepreservation of ecosystem services and could prove instrumental in the timely, systematic, and effective prevention of plant extinctions in Greece.

icated to extensive agriculture and livestock farming,
but in recent years have seen the installation of industrial uses, landfills, etc. The plants of such salt marshes
have not been thoroughly studied in Madrid, and there
are hardly any examples of protected halophytic species in the region. With the aim of improving their knowledge, we set out to assess the conservation status of
species that are very rare in the region, whose level ofrisk has not been evaluated at least recently, and which
serve as indicators of both changes in land use andclimate change. All of them are species with very narrow ranges in Madrid, with one or very few populations
sometimes recently discovered: Arthrocaulon macrostachyum (Moric.) Piirainen & G. Kadereit (Amaranthaceae), Cressa cretica L. (Convolvulaceae), Frankenia
laevis L. (Frankeniaceae), and Limonium latebracteatum Erben (Plumbaginaceae). During 2023 and 2024,
we conducted field studies to census their populations,map their locations, and determine the pressures andthreats looming over the plants and their habitats. With
this information, we were able to classify the species
according to the IUCN criteria and assign the most appropriate regional risk category. We also managed topropose the most suitable measures for in situ and exsitu conservation of these plants, as well as suggesting general management strategies for the halophytic
communities in central Iberia, which have been experiencing habitat degradation while undergoing periodsof increasing drought and desiccation.

P.0930 Forest management
and conservation of Pinus
sylvestris forests in Sierra de
Guadarrama

P.0929 Conservation statusof halophyte species in theCommunity of Madrid
Laura Tartilán García1, Juan ManuelMartínez Labarga2, José Araújo Díaz de
Terán3, Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz1,4
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3
Corps of Forestry Agents of the Community of Madrid, Spain. 4 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Plant communities associated with endorheic wetlands
and saline substrates in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula are of great biogeographical and conservation interest, as they harbor species with notable disjunctions
and reduced populations. Many of these areas are partof the European network of protected areas Natura
2000. In the Community of Madrid, they are located tothe south and southeast of the territory, in areas ded-

Sandra Navas Sastre1, Rut Sánchez deDios1, Felipe Domínguez Lozano1, Laura
Hernández Mateo2, Fernando Montes
Pita2
1 Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 CSIC-INIA, Spain
Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris) constitute the mostemblematic tree formation in the Sierra de Guadarrama. They also have high biogeographical value. These
forests have been subject to various types of management since ancient times, and some of them havebeen included in the Sierra de Guadarrama National
Park. In recent times, there has been a great interest in
developing management approaches that simultaneously support biodiversity, production, and optimize the481

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benefits of climate mitigation. However, the direct andindirect effects that forest management has on biodiversity are not yet fully understood. Thus, our objective is
to assess the effects that forest management has hadon understorey plant biodiversity of these pine forests
between two locations with different silvicultural treatments. Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity have been compared using multivariate statisticaltechniques. Our results show significant differences between pine forests subjected to more intensive management versus those managed with techniques thatgenerate homogeneous stands. The latter forests are
more diverse and maintain a higher conservation value.
In a global change context, where the southern populations of Pinus sylvestris hold significant biogeographical value, our findings underscore the importance ofmanagement strategies focused on the conservationof species and communities.

P.0928 Rewilding urban
ecosystems with nativeseeds

cracks. The survey identified 240 species of vascularplants growing spontaneously in the city. Of these, we
selected 60 native species that occurred with high frequency, assuming their adaptation to urban conditions.
For these species, we measured functional traits (plantheight, specific leaf area, seed mass, seed production,
seed dispersal), phenological traits, germination requirements and ecosystem services/disservices (pollination and allergenic potential). We used these criteria
to select 29 species with the highest potential for restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services. We also
conducted a public opinion survey to determine citizen
perception of these plants and used this information to
select a final mix of 15 species to produce and test in restored urban lots. This seed mix is being used for rewilding actions of the project “Gijón Ecoresiliente”, supported by the Biodiversity Foundation of MITECO within theframework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan (PRTR) - European Union -NextGenerationEU.

P.0931 Iberian flora on
the EDGE: prioritizing
the conservation of
Evolutionarily Distinct andGlobally Endangered plants

Zuzana Ferencova1, Clara Espinosa delAlba2, Víctor González-García2, Sara
Gutiérrez-Cruz3, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro2,
Eduardo Fernández-Pascual2

Ana Otero1, Antoni Buira2, Ignacio Ramos1,
3, Lisa Pokorny2, Carmen Acedo4, Llorenç
Sáez5, Santiago Martín Bravo6, Irene VillaMachío7, Tamara Villaverde8, Virginia
Valcárcel1, Félix Forest9, Rafael MolinaVenegas1, 3, Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz1, 3,
Pedro Jiménez-Mejías6, Mario FernándezMazuecos1, 3

1 Atlantic Botanic Garden of Gijón, Spain. 2 IMIB Biodiversity Research Institute (University of Oviedo –CSIC – Principality of Asturias), University of Oviedo,
Mieres, Spain. 3 City Council of Gijón, Spain.
In urban environments, spontaneous flora mainly occurs within human-designed green areas, in abandoned lots or as remnants of pre-urban vegetation.
These ecosystems are highly disturbed by mowing,
trampling or nutrient deposition, leading to reduced
native biodiversity and limited ecosystem services. In
recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on
ecological restoration and urban rewilding within cities,
intending to establish self-sustaining and resilient urban ecosystems. Native seed mixes can be used to restore the taxonomical, structural and functional diversity of urban green spaces, but their supply depends on
previous knowledge of urban floras and their seed biology. Here we present a streamlined workflow to designa native seed mix for the city of Gijón/Xixón (Spain). We
conducted a floristic survey of spontaneous vegetation in seven urban habitats with different levels of anthropogenic disturbance: forest remnants, meadows,
city parks, abandoned residential lots, abandoned industrial lots, margins of traffic corridors and pavement

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2
Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 3 Centro
de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain. 4 Universidad de León,
León, Spain. 5 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
Bellaterra, Spain. 6 Universidad Pablo de Olavide,
Sevilla, Spain. 7 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis,USA. 8 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
9 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
Almost 20% of Iberian vascular plants are consideredthreatened under IUCN categories CR, EN or VU. Unfortunately, limited economic resources entail the needto prioritize conservation actions. Most regional Red
Lists follow IUCN categories and criteria, mainly basedon population size, area of occupancy and extent of
occurrence. Although these parameters are appropri-482

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ate to evaluate threat status, it is also crucial to explore the evolutionary legacy of taxa to prioritize theirevolutionary singularity and thus, ensure its long-termpreservation. This can also help adapt management
actions to protect genomic and evolutionary peculiarities. The Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) metric integrates two components: evolutionary distinctiveness (ED), based on phylogenetic
branch lengths, and global endangerment (GE), representing extinction risk derived from IUCN categories.
Recently, the EDGE metric has been updated (EDGE2)
to incorporate uncertainty in both components andconsider the extinction risk of closely related taxa. Under this framework, we aim to calculate regional-level
EDGE scores for all endemic and threatened vascularplants from mainland Spain and the Balearic Island.
Our workflow is divided into three main steps involving
the collaboration of main Spanish herbaria (MA, LEB,
UPOS, among others) and academic institutions: (1) toelaborate the list of target species based on the Atlasof the Vascular Flora of the Iberian Peninsula (AFLIBER),
the Red List of the Spanish Vascular Flora, and thelatest taxonomic updates; (2) to reconstruct a large
phylogenetic tree representing more than 70% of the~6.5K taxa (species and subspecies) found in the Iberian vascular flora, including nearly all threatened taxa(~1K), using a combination of genomic Hyb-Seq dataat the genus level (~1K genera), and Sanger sequencing data at species level (~5K taxa); and (3) to calculate EDGE scores, thus implementing the evolutionary
history in the prioritization of conservation efforts for
Iberian Spanish vascular plants.

contribute to the high turnover of both native andnon-native species, favoring plants better adapted
to these conditions. These “urban exploiters” gradually displace other types of flora, promoting greater urban homogenization. Little is known about how
this homogenization could affect biogeographicalpatterns or the distribution of less common flora.
Urban connectivity could be key in determining thepotential effects of this homogenization. Traditionally, increased connectivity has been considered apositive factor for biodiversity, but considering homogenization, it could play a negative role. In urban environments, connectivity depends not only
on natural factors but also on anthropogenic ones,
which amplifies its effects. Madrid is a medium-sized
European city located between two distinct biogeographical regions with a barrier separating two different soil floras. This city has an extensive systemof parks and urban green areas, as well as a comprehensive inventory of urban flora. For these reasons, Madrid is the ideal study area to test several
hypotheses related to homogenization, the originof urban biotas, biogeographical barriers, and connectivity. Our main objective is to determine if biogeographical homogenization has been occurringin an urban environment, and if so, to what extent
and for which group of flora. Another objective is tosee if urban connectivity promotes the reduction ofbiogeographical barriers and the relationship between homogenization and connectivity in urban
environments.

P.0932 Biogeographicalurban homogenization andthe role of green spaces
connectivity in the city
Roberto Zeferino Leandro1, Felipe
Dominguez Lozano1, Aitor Gaston
Gonzalez2, Miguel Berdugo Vera1
1 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal
y del Medio Natural, Madrid, Spain.
Biotic homogenization is closely linked to non-native
species, which are more likely to establish themselves in urban habitats. However, native species
may also play a significant role in the homogenization of urban habitats. The high dynamism andanthropogenic disturbances of urban habitats

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S.105. NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION AND SPECIESCONSERVATION.
P.0933 Hybridisation
breaking the ploidy barrier:
new insights into historicallyoverlooked interploidy
hybridisation

P.0934 Hybrid breakdown innatural interspecific hybridsin the Dimorphandra genus
Aldineia Buss1; André C. Muniz2, Tiago
Vilas-Boas1; Alexandre A Duarte1, Maria B.
Lovato2; José P. de Lemos Filho1

Elizabeth Davies1,2, Peter Hollingsworth2,
Alex Twyford1,2
1 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Whole genome duplication, otherwise known aspolyploidy, is a mutation underlying much of thebiodiversity that spans the tree of life. Present inplants, animals, fungi, and prokaryotes, polyploidy increases the adaptive potential of organisms
exposed to stressful conditions due to increased
genetic variation. Whole genome duplication is
also a major force of speciation, as a differencein chromosomal copies usually confers a strong
and instantaneous barrier to reproduction. However, recent research has uncovered instances ofhybridisation and introgression between speciesof different ploidies, despite this assumed reproductive barrier. This raises many questions as tothe strength of ploidy differences in preventing
hybridisation and to the role interploidy hybridisation may have played in the evolution of species
diversity. As research increasingly shows interploidy hybridisation to be an underestimated evolutionary process, our research investigates the interaction between hybridisation and ploidy acrossa broad time scale. Using population sampling
and whole genome sequencing in the speciesrich genus Euphrasia (eyebright), we investigate
how hybridisation leads to the establishment ofpolyploid species, how new species arise throughpreviously overlooked interploidy hybridisation,and how species of different ploidies hybridise innatural, cross-ploidy zones. Our research expands
our understanding of this overlooked process byinvestigating how recurrent interploidy hybridisation affects plant evolution and diversity.

1 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Estimates of hybrid ﬁtness contribute to knowledge
about the role of natural hybridization in the evolutionary trajectory of species, including reproductive isolation, adaptive trait introgression, and hybrid speciation.
In the ecotonal area between the Brazilian savanna(Cerrado) and the Atlantic Forest three Dimorphandra
tree species are found, D. mollis, D. exaltata, and D. wilsonii. This last taxon was recently identified as a population of inter-specific hybrids between D. mollis and D.
exaltata. In this hybrid zone are found mainly F1 hybrids,
with a few hybrids of later generations. To examine theoccurrence of putative heterosis and hybrid breakdown in this hybrid zone, we evaluate the fitness of theparental species, and their F1 and backcross hybrids,
by comparing biometric data of fruits and seed traits,
and evaluating seed germination at different temperatures. We found the occurrence of heterosis, since
the fruits of F1 hybrids compared to their parents were
almost a third larger, contained more seeds, and theirseeds were heavier. The putative parental species
showed different germination responses to temperatures. The F1 hybrid, in general, showed intermediate
germination performance to D. mollis and D. exaltata, for both, the maximum percentage achieved andthe amplitude of the germination range. Comparedto parental species and F1, the backcrossed hybrids
showed a loss of vigor in fruit traits, seed production,and germination fitness, consistent with hybrid breakdown. Our results suggest that heterosis for fruit traits
may be a factor that promotes the establishment of
F1 hybrid plants in the field. Introgression can be an
important factor for the increase of genetic diversity
in the parental species, mainly the threatened D. exaltata, although the hybrid breakdown represents animportant barrier to gene flow.

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P.0935 Developmentof male and female
gametophytes of aneotropical orchid hybrid:
permeability of postzygotic
reproductive barriers

P.0936 Genomic
introgression, local
adaptation, and climateinduced vulnerability of two
closely related pine species
in SEA

Mariana Ferreira Alves1, Fábio Pinheiro2,
Karen Lúcia Gama De Toni1, José
Fernando Andrade Baumgratz1

Jie Gao1, Wei Zhao2, Kyle W. Tomlinson2,
Jing-Fang Guo4, Zheng-ren Zhang1, Yaowu Xing1, Xiao-Ru Wang3

1 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brzsil. 2. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun,
Yunnan, China. 2 Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,
Menglun, Yunnan, China. 3 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University,Umeå, Sweden. 4 Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,
China.

The study of hybrid zones presents a unique opportunity to obtain information about reproductive
barriers and the mechanisms involved during plant
speciation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation in thenatural hybrid Epidendrum x purpureum, which occurs in sympatry with Epidendrum denticulatum andEpidendrum orchidiflorum, the parental species. To
investigate the pollen viability of hybrid specimens,
floral buds and flowers at anthesis were collected.
To analyze the development of the megagametophyte, self-pollination was carried out on first day
flowers. Fruits were collected10 to 40 days after pollination. Flowers and fruits were processed following
the usual methodology for performing light anatomy
and confocal microscopy. The results indicate thatmost microgametophytes develop regularly, but inthe same pollinia, non-viable microgametophytes
are also observed. Inviable microgametophytes are
result of a symmetrical mitotic division, which produces a microgametophyte with two identical cells.
Occasionally, microgametophytes have been observed with only the formation of cell walls without
any cytoplasmic content. The development of themegagametophyte occurs about 15 days after the
self-pollination process. The megagametophytes
undergo regular meiosis and mitosis, forming amature megagametophyte of the Polygonum type.
Eventually, up to four megagametophytes may beobserved developing in the same ovule. At the endof development, it is possible to see ovules with two
mature megagametophytes presenting two egg
cells. Our results show that the development of microgametophytes and megagametophytes canbe abnormal, suggesting incomplete post-zygotic
reproductive isolation, with E. x purpureum showing
partial fertility.

Understanding how adaptive introgression and local adaptation influence climate change resilienceis vital for conserving forest trees. Here, we aim toinfer the historical divergence and genomic introgression patterns of Pinus kesiya, a tropical pine
species across Southeast Asia that has received
limited attention thus far, and its closely related species, P. yunnanensis, in subtropical China. Moreover,
we endeavor to identify specific genomic variations
that potentially facilitate local adaptations, thereby
enabling us to predict the extent of their adaptive
vulnerability under impending climate changes. We
conducted genotyping by sequencing, identifying
20,037 SNPs from 357 individuals across 42 sites.
Our analysis unveiled a 15.5 Myr evolutionary history
marked by continuous gene flow and a broad hybrid zone in southern Yunnan. Through Bayesian genomic cline analysis, we identified 1664 loci displaying exceptional patterns of introgression, indicating
their potential roles in either adaptive introgression
or reproductive isolation. Additionally, we detected
628 and 900 SNPs associated with climate variation in P. kesiya and P. yunnanensis, respectively.
Subsequently, we employed nonlinear multivariate
Gradient Forest modeling to map turnover in allele
frequencies along environmental gradients andpredict areas most sensitive to climate change. Our
predictions highlighted areas where future populations of P. kesiya in the contact zone and marginal
populations of P. yunnanensis might be at risk under climate change. Our study sheds light on the
genomic differentiation, historical divergence, andasymmetric introgression between P. kesiya and485

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P. yunnanensis, contributing to our understanding of their evolutionary dynamics and adaptation
processes. Furthermore, our study underscores theimportance of integrating genomic, environmental
data, and transplanting experiments, to predict theadaptive capacity of key forest species in the faceof rapid climate change in the future.

P.0937 Plathymenia trees
in the Cerrado and Atlantic
Forest are threatenedby the high risk of nonadaptedness and ecologicalvulnerability to climatechangeadaptations to the current and the future climate ispredicted for both species. In addition, P. reticulata
showed a higher RONA than P. foliolosa. We suggest
the reevaluation of the two Plathymenia species in
the IUCN red lists. This should consider the genomic and ecological vulnerability of the two species
for the elaboration of conservation strategies andmanagement.

P.0938 The hybrid
hypothesis of the Santolina
rosmarinifolia aggregate in
the Iberian plateau revisited
Miguel Serrano1, Lucía Pérez-Pardal2,3,4,
Roi Carballal5, Santiago Ortiz1, Celestino
Quintela-Sabarís6, Sofia DuarteCoimbra2,3,4, Albano Beja-Pereira2,3,7André C. Muniz1, José P. Lemos-Filho2,
Maria B. Lovato1

1 Department of Botany. University of Santiago deCompostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 2
Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 3 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning,
Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal. 4 Faculdadede Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
5 Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 6 Grupo deEcoloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
7. DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do
Porto, Porto, Portugal.

1 Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
The response capacity of a species to climatechange can be evaluated by the usage of the projection of ecological niche models and through theevaluation of the risk of non-adaptedness (RONA)
using genomic data. The main goal of this work was
to evaluate the ecological and genomic vulnerability of Plathymenia reticulata, a species from the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna, and P. foliolosa, fromthe Brazilian Atlantic Forest, to determine their ability
to cope with climate change. The current and future
habitat suitability and the genetic changes needed to adapt to climate changes were predicted forboth species. The habitat suitability was predictedusing species distribution model algorithms implemented in the BIOMOD2 package using records
from the GBIF database and bioclimatic data fromWorldclim as predictors. The RONA was evaluatedusing 45 individuals from nine populations of P. reticulata and 24 individuals from six populations of
P. foliolosa using polymorphism of single nucleotide
obtained with the ddRad sequence protocol. The
distribution of both species will greatly decrease in
the period 2080-2100 according to the future projections, even in the less pessimistic models. P. reticulata and P. foliolosa populations are adapted todifferent climates based on the redundancy analysis with genomic data. Based on the genomic offsets of the adaptive loci, a mismatch between local

Despite the propensity of plants to hybridise, the detection of well-defined hybrid zones has been proveda relatively elusive task. The present work addresses
this aspect in the genus Santolina (Asteraceae), specifically within the so-called S. rosmarinifolia aggregate in NW and Central Iberia. A hybrid hypothesis has
been explicitly proposed for this species aggregate, aprocess that would have taken place on the northern
Iberian plateau. Thus, between two species, Santolina
semidentata in the Northwest and S. rosmarinifolia
in the Centre-East, there would be a presumably hybridogenetic taxon that would bring together a seriesof traits of both species. This phenotype has been described as S. rosmarinifolia subs. castellana, although
its morphological heterogeneity in different populations could suggest that it is not fully stabilized. We
used ddRADseq sequencing approach to characterize
the population structure and to determine the presence of a hybrid zone, trying to detect either clines or
genomic mosaics along the ranges of the taxa. Overall, the “castellana” phenotypes are recovered within

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the variability of S. rosmarinifolia, and there is no clear
evidence of a cline pointing to a well-defined hybridzone between the core ranges of S. semidentata or S.
rosmarinifolia. We detect signatures of hybridisation,
which would have been bidirectional, but which mainly affect populations at the edge of the area, evenin territories without nearby populations of the otherspecies. In fact, the tree structure inferred by Treemix
analyses suggests that gene flow has occurred at different historical moments, so that the traces of introgression of S. rosmarinifolia into S. semidentata populations would respond to older events than vice versa.
This is supported by introgression in areas without current proximity or overlap in distributions. Past historicalbiogeographical processes appear to have shaped
the hybrid genomic variability in the group.

P.0939 The maintenanceof ecological divergencein hybrid zones involving
widely distributed andnarrowly endemic species:
the case of two petunias

indicate post-zygotic barriers linked to hybrid necrosis
involving genes physically linked to the pigmentation
genes. However, the permanent presence of hybrid individuals in nature leaves the question of how species
integrity is upheld in this system unanswered. Adding to the intrigue is the persistent asymmetric geneflow toward the narrowly endemic species P. exserta,
as consistently disclosed by numerous demographic
reconstructions. We investigated the influence of demographic and selective factors in two contact zones
between P. exserta and P. axillaris using GBS genomic
scanning. Our results highlight the significant impactof selfing on shaping the genetic diversity of populations in the contact zones. Consequently, genetic
drift likely plays a crucial role in maintaining species
divergence despite ongoing gene flow. Furthermore,high differentiation patterns in auxin transport-related
genes introduce an additional factor linked to habitat preference that may have initiated the divergence
between these species.

P.0940 Understanding
hybrid origins: integrative
taxonomy of Stipa in Central
Asian mountains

Silva-Arias GA1,2, Caballero-Villalobos L3,4,
Turchetto C4,5, Giudicelli GC4, Bombarely
A.6, Freitas LB4

Patar Sinaga1,2, Ewelina Klichowska1,
Arkadiusz Nowak3,4, Marcin Nobis1

1 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia.
2 Population Genetics, Department of Life Science
Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany. 3 Subdirección Ecosistemas, Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología yEstudios Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia. 4 Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 5 Department of Botany, Universidade Federal
do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 6 Instituto de Biología
Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC and Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.
Hybrid systems provide valuable insights into theevolutionary forces driving species divergence. An intriguing hybrid model in the Brazilian Pampa region
involves two sympatric and recently diverged Petunia
species with distinct ecological preferences, suggesting an ecological speciation scenario. This system
has been a well-studied model of pollinator shift due
to the evolution of tightly linked genes related to floral
pigmentation, which led to the development of highly
distinctive floral morphologies and a pronounced differential pollinator preference. Additional studies also

1 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian
University, Kraków, Poland. 2 Doctoral School of Exact
and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków,
Poland. 3 Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in
Powsin, Warszawa, Poland. 4 Botanical Garden of the
Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland.
Plant families frequently undergo hybridization, which
increases genetic diversity but can also result in genetic swamping and lower fitness. One of the genera thathas over 30% of its species derived from hybridizationis Stipa (Poaceae), which is found in warm temperateareas of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. We examinedhybridization and introgression using an integrative
taxonomy approach based on Central Asian Stipa
samples. The results of this study contribute to a betterknowledge of hybridization in the Stipa genus, particularly in the sect. Smirnovia. Based on SNP markers andmorphological characters, we were able to identify two
novel nothospecies: S. lingua × S. caucasica subsp. nikolai and S. magnifica × S. caucasica subsp. nikolai. The
majority of S. magnifica × S. caucasica samples were
backcross hybrids; however, all S. lingua × S. caucasica
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SNP markers. Ultimately, by illuminating the complex hybridization dynamics and bringing attention to the evolutionary processes that occur within this diverse genus,
this work advances our knowledge of the taxonomy of
Stipa.

P.0941 Genetic diversityof Pyrus pyraster and P.
spinosa based on SSR
markers: evidence of geneflow from cultivated to wild
populations
Antonio Vidaković1, Zlatko Šatović2,3, Zlatko
Liber4, Igor Poljak1
1 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 3 Centreof Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant
Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia. 4 Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Southern Europe is home to two naturally occurring pear species: the European wild pear (Pyrus
pyraster (L.) Burgsd.) in the continental and the almond-leaved pear (P. spinosa Forssk.) in the Mediterranean region. In addition to these two species,

the cultivated pear (P. communis L.) is also grownthroughout Europe. Since wild pears grow in the vicinity of orchards, gene flow between the cultivated species and their wild relatives is to be expected.
The aim of this study was to determine the genetic
diversity of natural populations and whether geneflow from the cultivated pear can alter the genetic composition of wild pear populations in close
proximity. We collected samples from 21 populations of European wild pear and 22 populations ofalmond-leaved pear as well as of cultivated pears
from three orchards. DNA fingerprinting based onnine microsatellite markers (SSR) was used to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the wild
pear populations and to assess the relationshipbetween wild and cultivated pears. In general, we
found a higher genetic diversity of the European wild
pear compared to the almond-leaved pear. In three
Mediterranean European wild pear populations, significant introgression of the cultivated pear genome
into wild populations was observed, whereas in thealmond-leaved pear it was rare and only observedin a few individuals. Furthermore, in regions where
the ecological niches of the two wild pear species
studied overlap, hybrids between them were also
found. This study provides valuable insights into thegenetic variability of these species and can significantly advance their use in sustainable forest management, conservation, and breeding programs.

S.106. NEOTROPICAL BOTANICALINVENTORIES: DOCUMENTING WHAT IS LEFT?
PERSPECTIVES FROM ACROSS TROPICALAMERICAS
P.0942 Flora of Patos deMinas (Minas Gerais, Brazil):a new important floristic
hotspot in the Cerrado
biome

Bosquetti, Rafael Felipe de Almeida2,
Higor Antonio-Domingues2
1 Centro Universitario de Patos de Minas, Minas
Gerais, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.

Álvaro Pereira de Carvalho1, Norma
Aparecida Borges Bitar1, Amanda
Aparecida Vieira Dias1, Lorrayne de Barros

South American savannas cover ca. 2.9 million km2
representing 10% of savanna coverage worldwide.
The Brazilian Cerrado biome is the largest savanna block in South America, representing almost two
thirds of the savannas in South America with 14.000
plant species, 7.500 of them represented by endemics. Patos de Minas is a Brazilian municipality

488

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located in the heart of South American savannas,
in the State of Minas Gerais, with most of its naturalvegetation cover been already replaced by coffeeand soy farming. Some floristic studies in this area
have been carried out in the last decade, but mostly of them still unpublished and representing a gap
on the knowledge of the Brazilian savannic flora. To
continue the cataloguing of the flora of Patos deMinas, we performed a floristic survey in a riparian
forest of a Cerrado fragment at the Areado District.
All specimens’ sheets were deposited in the UNIPAM herbarium from Centro Univesitario de Patosde Minas. A total of 108 species were catalogued
distributed among ca. 70 genera and 37 families offlowering plants and lycophytes.
The most species rich families in the study area
were: 1. Asteraceae (12 spp.), 2. Orchidaceae (7), 3.
Leguminosae (5), 4. Undetermined sterile specimens(5), 5. Malpighiaceae (4), 6. Myrtaceae (4), 7. Rubiaceae (4), 8. Bignoniaceae (3), 9. Convolvulaceae (3),
10. Euphorbiaceae (3). A single species of the rare
lycophyte family Selaginaceae was also recorded.
Five woody sterile specimens remain unidentified
and will be followed up the next flowering season.

P.0943 A savannic jewel: achecklist of the flowering
plants from Quirinópolis
and surroundings (State of
Goiás, Brazil)

and lowland wetland savannas (i.e., veredas) used
for cattle grazing. Over the last 14 years, several field
expeditions have been made monthly to the natural areas of Quirinópolis for flowering specimen collection, all of them currently deposited at the JAR
herbarium at Universidade Estadual de Goiás. After the digitisation of all its specimen labels at the
JAR herbarium in 2022, we were able to compile
the first checklist of flowering plants for Quirinópolis and surroundings with 877 species, 435 genera,
and 101 families collected. The most species-richfamilies were 1. Asteraceae (108 spp.), 2. Leguminosae (86), 3. Cyperaceae (72), 4. Melastomataceae(55), 5. Myrtaceae (41), 6. Poaceae (39), 7. Lamiaceae (34), 8. Malpighiaceae (34), 9. Bignoniaceae(29), 10. Apocynaceae (28). A total of 30 families (i.e.
Balanophoraceae, Bixaceae, Caryocaraceae, Chloranthaceae, Connaraceae, Dioscoreaceae, Heliconiaceae, Asparagaceae, Icacinaceae, Krameriaceae, Lacistemataceae, Loganiaceae, Loranthaceae,
Menispermaceae, Moringaceae, Myristicaceae, Olacaceae, Peraceae, Polemoniaceae, Portulacaceae,
Rutaceae, Santalaceae, Sapotaceae, Smilacaceae,
Solanaceae, Styracaceae, Triuridaceae, Turneraceae, Urticaceae, and Violaceae) were represented
by a single species in the studied area. Even thoughmore than half of the natural area of this municipality has already been replaced by human activities,
its flora is still very rich and shows recently recorded
endemic species.

P.0945 Herbarium records
and the extreme habitat
loss in the north of Espírito
Santo, Brazil

Rafael Felipe de Almeida1,2, José
Silonardo Pereira de Oliveira1, Fernanda
Rosa Moraes1, Thais Alves-Silva1, Isa L. deMorais1

Julia Meirelles1

1 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Quirinópolis, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom.
South American savannas cover ca. 2.9 million km2
representing 10% of savanna coverage worldwide.
The Brazilian Cerrado biome is the largest savanna
block in South America, representing almost twothirds of the savannas in South America with 14.000
plant species, 7.500 of them represented by endemics. Quirinópolis is a Brazilian municipality located in
the heart of South American savannas, in the Stateof Goiás, with most of its natural vegetation coveralready replaced by sugar cane and soy farming.
Few natural vegetation patches are still preserved
within areas of the Serra da Confusão do Rio Preto

1 Herbário MBML, Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa, Brazil. julliameirellesbot@gmail.
com
Brazil, despite having one of the largest flora in theworld, has huge habitat loss for soil usage. In the
Atlantic Forest (MA), Espírito Santo state (ES) in thesoutheastern region is one of the most biodiverse
with several taxa been described recently. It is also
one of the most deforested, especially the northern
region, where only one protected area is located.
Vouchers of vascular plants from the herbaria CAP,
CVRD, MBML, SAMES and VIES were analyzed on theSpecieslink. Pinheiros municipality is the best sampled, specially Córrego do Veado Biological Reserve,489

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reinforcing the importance of protected areas in the
Atlantic Forest. It is a preserved and isolated fragment, managed by Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). Montanha is thesecond largest municipality in area (>1 million km2)
and only 0.1 specimens/km2 probably due to intense
deforestation of this territory. Ponto Belo municipality with 359km2, has the lowest collection density,with P.2 specimens/km2. Despite being restricted toa few tabuleiro forest fragments and inselbergs, thevascular flora diversity in the North region is considered high, with 132 families (>50% of ES and MA total),
537 genera (ca. 25% of the MA) and 955 species (ca.
6% of the MA and ca. 15% of ES). At least 80 species
are extinction threatened following IUCN criteria (>8%). The results obtained highlight the importanceof conservation units to document and save biodiversity from habitat loss and herbaria as a source of
information for creating preservation policies and abasis for the recovery of degraded areas. Based on
the georeferenced data, matrices for seeds of native species can be made available to the community in future restoration efforts. This work is the initialstage of a project that seeks to understand the distribution patterns of ES flora.

virtual herbarium network, we searched for previous records in the 20 municipalities that composed
this region. Historical collections have been madesince the 19th century, often random, increasing in
number after 2000. There are only two systematicand long-term floristic studies in this region, in Conceição do Coité, the municipality with the highest
density of collections, and Tucano, showing highest
number of records. ST currently includes 1,092 species, 514 genera and 114 families of Angiosperms,
with the greatest richness of non-woody species;
56 spp. are naturalized and 18 cultivated. Amongthe native species, 134 are endemic to the Caatinga
Domain and 14 are threatened with extinction. The
richest family is Fabaceae (178 spp); the most representative genus is Chamaecrista (L.) Moench (20spp,), and the most collected species was Colicodendron yco Mart. (Capparaceae). A new speciesof Apocynaceae was recently described based oncollections made in that region. These data demonstrate the high richness of Angiosperms occurring in
ST, with novelties for science and indication of areas
within the Brazilian Semi-arid that have been little
collected, with potential for floristic studies and conservation priorities.

P.0946 Historical collections
and fieldwork display richangiosperm diversity inthe previously overlooked
Brazilian Semi-arid region

P.0947 A sinetometric studyof pseudofilamentous
Desmids(Zygnematophyceae): The
Brazilian caseIlana C. Oliveira1, Grênivel M. Costa2, Denis
N. Carvalho1, Reyjane P. Oliveira1

Carlos W. do N. Moura1, Geraldo J. P.
Ramos2, Kátia L. M. Brito1, Maria A. dos
Santos1, Daniele M. da Silva1, Ivania B. de
Oliveira3, Camila B. de Araújo4, Thaís G. da
Silva5, Márcio F. dos Santos6, Kleber R. de
S. Santos7, Paulo H. S. Vieira1, Bruna F.de
Souza2, Larissa A. do O. Santos2, Ariane F.
dos Santos1, Carlos E. de M. Bicudo8

1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal do
Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil.
Brazil is the country with the richest flora in the world,with many areas still poorly analyzed in floristic studies, as is the case of a region within the Semi-arid
from Bahia state, known as the Sisal Territory (ST). It
is totally included in the Caatinga Domain, the largest and most isolated area of seasonally dry tropical forest, which is part of the SDTF global biome.
The native vegetation of ST has been historicallyreplaced on a large scale by planting sisal (Agavesisalana Perrine ex Engelm), a naturalized xerophytic
species in Northeastern Brazil. To better understandthe flora of ST we made collections of Angiosperms
in selected areas, and using databases from the490

1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feirade Santana, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil. 3 Universidade do Estado da
Bahia, Irecê, Brazil. 4 Universidade Federal de São
Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil. 5 Aix-Marseille Université,France. 6 Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Bahia,
Brazil. 7 Centro Universitário Leonardo da Vinci, Indial, Brazil. 8 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, SãoPaulo, Brazil.

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Desmids are a diverse and polyphyletic group of
green algae that inhabit terrestrial (subaerial) andfreshwater ecosystems. The family Desmidiaceae(Zygnematophyceae) is made up of unicellular orgrouped individuals forming pseudofilaments andBrazil is recognized as one of the main centers ofdiversity for this microalgae group. A scientometricstudy of the literature on pseudofilamentous desmids was made with the review of 71 articles of taxonomic or floristic studies published over 150 years.
We catalogued 82 taxa encompassing the genera
Bambusina, Desmidium, Groenbladia, Hyalotheca,
Mateola, Onychonema, Phymatodocis, Sphaerozosma, Spondylosium and Teilingia. The results showthat approximately 14% of taxa are endemic to Brazil.
The most representative genera are Desmidium (23species), followed by Spondylosium (21), Bambusina
and Sphaerozosma, both with 10 taxa. Most taxa areconsidered rare (60), with up to five citations, followed by taxa of occasional occurrence (24), withup to 10 citations. Only eight taxa are considered
common: Bambusina borreri, Desmidium baileyi, D.
graciliceps, D. grevillei, Hyalotheca dissiliens, Spondylosium desmidiiforme, Spondylosium pulchrum,
and Teilingia granulata. Regarding the geographic
distribution of pseudofilamentous desmids in Brazil,
we identified gaps, mainly in the northeast region,
where only Bahia State has 23 taxa citations. This
disparity is also reflected in the different Brazilian
biomes, highlighting the lack of collections in the
Caatinga (seven taxa), Pampa and Pantanal (20),Atlantic Forest (49), Cerrado (60), and Amazon (65).
Although these last two biomes have the great majority of records, nowadays they are facing serious
challenges in conserving their sources and rivers. To
overcome these gaps and challenges, a study integrating morph-molecular taxonomy (polyphasic
approach) are required for a true understanding ofBrazilian pseudofilamentous desmids, especially inunderexplored areas. Acknowledgments: Financial
support CNPq -Process 405654/2023-5.

P.0949 The family
Lauraceae in the Atlantic
rain forest of Espírito Santo,
BrazilDepartamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista“Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil.
Lauraceae are a pantropical family of economic
importance with about 55 genera and 2500-3500
species. They are one of the richest angiosperm
families in the Neotropics with ca. 470 species in
Brazil. Espírito Santo is a state in southeastern Brazil
within the Atlantic Rainforest domain. This region is akey, though much fragmented, biodiversity hotspot
in which Lauraceae are an important structural andfunctional component. There are still taxonomic
knowledge gaps in the state, including under-sampled sites, unidentified herbarium material, and theabsence of a published flora. Therefore, a broader
understanding of the family considering researchand conservation is still necessary. This study aims
to expand the knowledge of Lauraceae in that statethrough taxonomic treatment, including descriptionof taxa, identification keys, illustrations, brief comments, and evaluation of the number of species andtheir geographical distribution through new floristic
surveys and specimens deposited in herbaria. Until
the moment, 16 genera (Aiouea, Aniba, Beilschmiedia, Cassytha, Cryptocarya, Damburneya, Endlicheria, Licaria, Mezilaurus, Nectandra, Ocotea, Persea,
Phyllostemonodaphne, Rhodostemonodaphne, Urbanodendron, and Williamodendron) and ca. 130
species have been recorded for the state, of which
18 species are threatened and 15 are endemic. From
over 6800 records in the speciesLink database, 57%
are from two municipalities, Linhares and Santa
Teresa, evincing a biased sampling. All Lauraceae
collections from herbaria of the state (CVRD, MBML,
SAMES, VIES) will be analyzed and field expeditions
will be undertaken to collect new specimens in its
least sampled regions. An interactive multiple-entry key will be created with the software Lucid v.4,
in order to facilitate the recognition of the species,
considered complex from a morphological and taxonomic point of view.

P.0950 Flora of Bahia: thetribes Capsiceae, Lycieae,
Physaleae and Solandreae(Solanaceae)

Lilian S. Santos1, Pedro L.R. de Moraes2

Tânia R. S. Silva1, Gabriel B. Silva1

1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal (Interunidades), Universidade Estadual Paulista“Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil. 2491

1Department of Biology, Universidade of Feira deSantana, Feira de Santana, Brazil

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Solanaceae Juss. comprises 100 genera and 2,500
species, many of which are of significance in termsof food, medicine, and ornamental use. In Brazil,
there are 36 genera and 509 species. The objectiveof this study is to survey the species of four tribes(Capsiceae, Lyciae, Physaleae, and Solandreae) occurring in the state of Bahia. Field expeditions wereconducted to collect plant material. Specimensfrom the ALCB, BHCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, HURB, and RB
herbaria were analyzed, along with type specimensfrom other herbaria available in online databases.
The occurrence of 24 species in these tribes was recorded as follows: Capsiceae, with 2 genera (Capsicum L. and Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassl) and 10 species;
Lycieae, with Lycium L and 1 species; Physaleae, with
3 genera (Athenaea Sendtn., Iochroma Benth. andPhysalis L.) and 10 species and Solandreae, with 2
genera (Dyssochroma Miers and Solandra Sw) and4 species. Of these, 12 are endemic to Brazil, and two
new species: Dyssochroma caatinga and D. jardimii.
This work is part of the master’s thesis, developed in
the Postgraduate Program in Botany.
Acknowledgements: CNPQ, CAPES, FAPESB and UEFS.

P.0951 The impact of the
Flora da Bahia project onscience and education forcrafting a comprehensive
Flora of Brazil

treatments at various hierarchical levels. The synergy of the FBA with other flora programs in Brazil, suchas PPBIO, PROTAX and REFLORA, culminated with theestablishment of the Flora e Funga do Brasil project in 2015. The assessment and impact of FBA are
grounded in a thorough bibliographic search fromthe inaugural treatment published in December
2003. All this investment subsidised the descriptionof at least 927 new species of Angiosperms, whosetypes were collected in Bahia, including Bromeliaceae (114 species.), Melastomataceae (78), Orchidaceae (72), Myrtaceae (68), Leguminosae (58) andEuphorbiaceae (53), among many others. So far,
110 treatments have been published regarding FBA,
mainly in the periodic Sitientibus Serie Ciências Biológicas. The prolific output of this project encompasses 1,265 descriptions (17 algae, 2 gymnosperms
and 1246 angiosperms), representing c. 13% of the9957 angiosperm species reported to Bahia. Severalof them are rare, endangered or useful species. The
increase of specimens housed at HUEFS herbarium– currently the largest plant collection in Northeastern Brazil – is highlighted as a significant impact of
FBA. More than a hundred postgraduate students
were associated with the FBA project, studying distinct plant groups.
Acknowledgment: CNPQ, CAPES, FAPESB and UEFS

Tânia R. S. Silva1, Lucas C. Marinho2, Reyjane
P. Oliveira1, Daniela S. Carneiro-Torres1, Ligia
S. Funch1, Luciano P. de Queiroz1, Alessandro
Rapini1, Ana M. Giulietti-Harley1
1 Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual de
Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
The Flora da Bahia (FBA) project was started in
1997 under the guidance of the Sociedade Botânica do Brasil to update the knowledge of Brazilian
flora. Centred in Bahia state, in an area of about
560,000 km2 in Northeastern Brazil, this project united a network of all state institutions, herbaria andtaxonomists. Researchers have devoted themselvesto collecting and identifying specimens along distinct environments in the Atlantic forests Caatinga
and Cerrado for at least three decades. It increased
herbaria, DNA and in-spirit collections, fostering
the training of skilled taxonomists in postgraduate
courses and producing comprehensive taxonomic492

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S.107. NEW DIRECTIONS IN EARLY MODERNBOTANY COLLECTIONS AND ARCHIVES
P.0952 Herbariograph:
A deep-learning tool forclassifying images from
specimen items

P.0954 Representative
Mutisiana plants from thedepartment of Cauca inthe Álvaro Fernández Pérez
Herbarium (AFP) PopayánColombia

Fabio Andrés Ávila1,2, John Park1,3, Leanna
Feder1, Damon P. Little1
1 New York Botanical Garden, New York City, NY,
10458, USA. 2 The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY, 10017, USA. 3
USDA Scientific Computing Initiative (SciNet) /Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education(ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
Herbarium specimens are the physical evidenceof plant diversity worldwide and a rich source of
research data. With approximately 400 million
items across 3,500 registered herbaria, in 185
countries, only an estimated 10% have associated digital images. Despite this low proportion, information in those images facilitates numerous
avenues of research aimed at understanding thehidden complexity and variation of plants. The
first step in harnessing this information is to sort
images by the types of items represented in them.
To address this challenge, we introduce Herbariograph, a new image dataset and deep-learningmodel designed to automatically recognize all of
the image types commonly served by collection
databases. The dataset consists of 18 image categories with 12,288 images each retrieved frompublicly available repositories. The model is asmall convolutional neural network (CNN) scaled
to the dataset. Preliminary analyses produce anaccuracy score of 0.9853 on the test dataset. The
use of tools such as Herbariograph will help toautomate specimen image processing to maketargeted dataset creation faster, better, andmore accessible.

Luis Gerardo Chilito López1, Iván Darío
García2, Anacristina Bayona3, José
Joaquín Varela4
1 Alvaro Fernández Pérez Herbarium. Popayan.
Colombia. 1-4Popayán University Foundation, Popayan, Colombia. 2-3 Minuto de Dios University
Corporation, Bogota, Colombia.
The Great Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdomof Granada chaired by José Celestino Mutis, as the
beginning of explorations and knowledge of thenational flora, is the most important legacy of theCountry, hence its importance of preserving it. The
Álvaro Fernández Pérez Herbarium (AFP), founded
in 1994 in honor of the Colombian chemist, botanist
and naturalist, houses nearly 8,000 exsicados, especially from the south-west of the national territory,
including representative species allusive to the expedition. The objective was to identify the representative Mutisiana plants from the department of
Cauca deposited in the AFP Herbarium. The reviewof the material in the collection and the database
was carried out. Subsequently, the scientific names
were updated in virtual botany databases and thecomposition, distribution and sampling localities
were determined. Results showed 415 specimens,
distributed in 18 families and 52 species. Amongthe families, Campanulaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, Orchidaceae, Passifloraceae, Rubiaceae and ingenera Begonia, Centropogon, Cinchona, Passiflora,
Ficus, Maxillaria and Psychotria stood out. The mostrepresentative species were Alnus acuminata, Cinchona pubescens, Ficus Americana, Lozania mutisiana, Persea mutisii, Quercus humboltdii, Passiflora
magnolifolia, Trichantera gigantea. These species
derive their importance from occupying different
strategic ecosystems, conservation and urban areas in the territory of the department, in addition
to their history, abundance, ornamental, medicinal,493

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nutritional, ecological uses and threat status. The
majority of specimens collected were made in the
Botanical Garden of Popayán, Colombian Massif,
Pacific Caucano, Gorgona Island, urban area of Popayán, Munchique and Puracé National Natural Park,in paramo ecosystems, tropical humid forest, tropical dry forest and Andean forests. of the Central andWestern Cordilleras. The herbarium as a research
center is a fundamental input for the developmentof research aimed at safeguarding the informationthat represents the Nation’s heritage, especially thevegetation of the region.

P.0955 Bridging the pastand future: Kew herbarium’s
innovations in collections
management

digitisation of new acquisitions, including those from
the Millennium Seed Bank and DNA voucher specimens. Our next steps focus on the adoption andincorporation of digital data records captured fromthe field for incoming specimens. This initiative aims
to create streamlined and effective workflows thatleverage our new Integrated Collections Management System.

P.0956 Mobilizing
international Australian
historical and typecollections - online
activation!
Shelley A. James1, Lauren Gardiner 2,
Amber Horning2

Mariana H. Santana1, Ellie Graves1

1 Western Australian Herbarium, Department of
Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Australia. 2 Cambridge University Herbarium, Cambridge, UK.

1 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London, UK.
Kew Herbarium holds a collection of approximately 7
million vascular plant specimens, with 330,000 designated as type specimens, covering about 95% ofvascular plant genera. This comprehensive collection is a reference resource that reflects global plant
diversity, and its richness continues to expand as
we receive species new to our collections from researchers and institutions worldwide. Currently, Kew
Herbarium is amid a four-year project to digitise its
entire collection. The project aims to transform ourscience collections into a global online resource
allowing researchers to tackle some of the biggest
challenges facing our planet today. In addition tothis digitisation effort, Kew is actively pursuing museum accreditation. This requires the review and development of current and new procedures to ensure
best practice in the management of our collections.
Each year the herbarium receives approximately 1520,000 new acquisitions, comprising not only freshlycollected Kew material but also loaned items fromother institutions, as well as gifts and donations. To
ensure the maintenance of digitised collections andto meet the criteria essential for accreditation it is
crucial to develop workflows that capture and process new material before its incorporation into thecollections. To achieve this goal, the New Acquisitions team has reviewed historical unstandardised
workflows, developed, trialled, and implemented
agreed-upon Collection Operation Procedures incollaboration with relevant stakeholders. These procedures specifically address the management andFrom the earliest days of Australian colonization andexploration, botanical collections have been sent
to herbaria overseas for western scientific study.
Where there is a duplicate set, collections havebeen repatriated back to Australia with time, butmany specimens remain housed overseas. These
specimens document the floral diversity of Australian ecoregions that have now been altered, and of
species that have not yet been described and may
now have been lost to our ecosystems. Many suchcollections are type specimens, and others havehistorical exploration and botanical significance,
all of which are not readily available for taxonomic and cultural research. The Cambridge University
Herbarium (CGE) is the fourth largest herbarium in
the UK and contains an estimated 12,000 specimensof Australian origin. A collaborative project between
the Western Australian Herbarium (PERTH) and CGE,
supported by the The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust, Australia, will enable Australian collections
to be located, updated, digitized, mobilized, andshared - decolonization and repatriation in digital form. Data and high-resolution images will bemade available to the scientific community, historians, and the public via a citizen science platform
for curation and annotation by taxonomists and the
public alike. Access will be invaluable for botanicalresearch in this age of accelerated biodiversity loss,
and as travel to, or shipping of, physical specimens
is increasingly fraught and costly.

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P.0957 Pyotr Kostromitinov’s
wood collection from Fort
Ross: An evidence of theearly botanical explorationof northern California

P.0958 Colección Viva UAM- A living collection to teachBotanyManuel Molina-Bustamante1, Julia G.
de Aledo1,2, Darío Martínez-Atienza1,
Ignacio Ramos1,2, Alejandro Alonso1,
Celina Ben-Saadi1, Juan Antonio Calleja
Alarcón1,2, Alberto J. Coello1, Raúl Díaz1,
Belén Estébanez Pérez1, Mario FernándezMazuecos1, Angélica Gallego-Narbón1,
Nagore García Medina1,2, María Leo
Montes3, Laura Matas-Granados1,2, Ana
Otero1, Jimena Mateo-Martín1

Ksenia N. Kuznetsova1,2, Anna V.
Stepanova1,3, Ekaterina L. Kotina1,4, Alexei A.
Oskolski5
1 Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.
2 State museum of the history of St. Petersburg, St.
Petersburg, Russia. 3 The State Hermitage museum,
St. Petersburg, Russia. 4 Saint-Petersburg State Forest
Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia. 5 University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Systematic attribution of the wood samples collectedin 1830 by Pyotr Kostromitinov, the Manager of Fort Ross,a Russian settlement on the Pacific coast of northern
California, as been carried put. As some wood samples
belong to the taxa which had not been described at theperiod of their collection, their labels provide interesting
evidence for the first steps of botanical exploration ofan exotic flora by the Russian colonists who were notprofessional naturalists. Particularly, Garrya has beenrecognized by them as Viburnum, Lyonothamnus as
Arbutus, Torreya as Taxus, whereas different species of
Ceanothus have been referred not only to this genus,
but also to Rhamnus and Laurus. The meanings of someRussian vernacular plant names mentioned in the published historical documents have been clarified. For instance, the settlers of Port Ross used the name pal’ma(palm) not only to Arbutus menziesii (as it was evidenced by many documents) but also to Lyonothamnus floribundus. Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii has
been called by them as yel’ (spruce) rather than as
pikhta (fir). The Russian name lavr (laurel) was used not
only for California laurel Umbellularia californica, butalso for some Ceanothus species (probably C. velutinus). The reference of vernacular name chaga to Sequoia sempervirens has been confirmed. Unlike mostearly wood collections, Pyotr Kostromitinov’s samples
are made of thin stems and branches having no conspicuous surfaces showing their wood appearance.
Such pieces are hardly suitable for demonstration ofaesthetic or technical properties of timber. It’s highly
likely that Pyotr Kostromitinov’s samples represent oneof the earliest cases of collecting woods as the objectsof particular interest for botany and, more generally, fornatural history. It was an important novelty for 1830s, as
the botanical exploration of woods did not have any
sufficient conceptual background in those times.

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC,
Madrid, Spain.
The Colección Viva Project (CV-UAM) is an initiative
led by early career researchers that aims to createa living plant collection for educational purposes at
the Biology building of the Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid (UAM). This collection currently includes 78
species (spanning 68 genera and 48 families). They
represent diverse features of educational interest,
including evolutionary convergence, morphological
adaptations, phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity,and cultural or ecological significance. Every plant islabelled with data on taxonomy, distribution and a
QR code for additional information. Nowadays, thecollection serves as teaching material in laboratory
practices of various Biology and Environmental Sciences courses and is on permanent display at the
Biology building of the Faculty of Science. The acquisition of specimens and infrastructure is financiallycovered by UAM through the laboratory practices
budget, and complemented by personal donations.
Since its inception in March 2022, the CV-UAM has
had the support of the Botany unit and the Department of Biology. However, its implementation andmaintenance have been filled with challenges: theofficial approval to establish the collection within the Biology building, the provision of funding, theprocurement of materials and infrastructure and its
maintenance under harsh indoor conditions (fluctuating heating conditions and poor isolation), theacquisition of relevant specimens, the involvementof new members and their appropriate training. The
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its objectives have evolved. This project provides
opportunities to conduct cooperative and interdisciplinary work across all scholarly levels. We now intend to collaborate with other entities to enhance its
performance, and exchange specimens and goodpractices. In the future, we wish to establish a network of educational living collections. In fact, CVUAM has recently inspired similar initiatives in otheracademic institutions in Spain (UIB, URJC, UCM). Updates can be followed at @coleccionviva (Twitter/X).

P.0959 The botanical legacyof the scientific expeditionsin the Portuguese Overseas
Territories (1783-1808)

decline of the Royal Museum of Ajuda. The herbarium itself remained at Ajuda until 1874, when it wastransferred to the Escola Polytechnica. The recovered specimens are currently at LISU, pertaining to
the “Herbarium Brasiliense Dr. Alexandre Rodrigues
Ferreira”, which encompasses 1275 exsiccatae of 972
species (390 attributable to him).

P.0960 Multidisciplinary
research on historicalherbaria preserved in
the Botanical Institute ofBarcelona
Neus Nualart1, Laura Gavioli1,2, Alba Martín1,
Javier Martinez1, Edgard Mestre1, Iván
Pérez-Lorenzo1,2, David Pérez Prieto1, Jordi
López-Pujol1,3Pedro L.R. de Moraes1,*
1 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil. *pedro.r.moraes@unesp.br.
In 1783 four “Philosophical Expeditions” departurefrom Lisbon to Portuguese overseas territories, Brazil,
Angola, Mozambique-Goa and Cape Verde Islands,
in order to explore and catalogue the untapped
natural resources. They were led by four young naturalists, students of Domingos Vandelli at the University of Coimbra. Numerous shipments of natural
products of the flora and fauna were sent to theRoyal Museum and Botanical Garden of Ajuda, including specimens, drawings, maps, and reports. In
1808 during the French occupation of Portugal, thebest specimens and manuscripts from the Museum of Ajuda were expropriated by Étienne Geoffroy
Saint-Hilaire for the Paris Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. The official documents of the French requisition of specimens from the Portuguese collections
informed a number of 2815 herbarium specimens:
1360 from Brazil (1114 – Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira,
129 – Joaquim Vellozo de Miranda, 117 – José Mariano
da Conceição Vellozo), 88 from Cochinchina (Joãode Loureiro), 216 from Angola (Joaquim José da Silva), 289 from Peru, 35 from Goa (Manuel Galvão da
Silva), 562 from Cape Verde (João da Silva Feijó),
83 from Cape of Good Hope, and 182 from Uppsala.
Up to the present, considering only the collectionsof the Philosophical Journeys, 1281 specimens of theso called Herbarium Lusitanicum in Paris have been
located, belonging to 869 species attributable to
Ferreira. From the other expeditions, 151 specimensfrom Angola, 345 from Cape Verde, and 15 from Goa
have also been located. Among the disastrous consequences of that requisition, there was a gradual

1 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat deFarmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat deBarcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3 Escuela de Ciencias
Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.
The Botanical Institute of Barcelona (IBB) preserves avariety of herbaria dating from the 17th century to theearly 20th century, of which four include plants collected prior to the year 1800. The oldest one is the herbarium of the Salvador family, which is considered thebest-documented pre-Linnaean herbarium of Spain;
it includes 4,960 specimens collected either by thebrothers Joan (1683–1726) and Josep Salvador i Riera(1690–1760) and their father Jaume Salvador i Pedrol(1649–1740) or obtained by exchange with important
contemporary botanists. The herbarium of Miquel Bernades Mainader (1708–1771) and his son Miquel Bernades i Clarís (1750–1801) comprises 817 specimens
collected mainly in Spain that were used to prepare
their unpublished manuscript entitled Specimen Florae Hispanicae, currently lost. The Ruiz & Pavón herbarium was produced thanks to the botanical expedition called “Expedición Botánica al Virreinato de Perú”(1777–1788) and includes 698 specimens from the current Ecuador, Perú and Chile. Finally, the herbarium of
the Catalan pharmacist and naturalist Francesc Bolòs
i Germà (1773–1844) contains information on medicinal uses and folk names in the labels, although manyof them lack the collection locality. This contribution
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labels but also some associated documentation preserved in the IBB archive. This research spans various
topics including taxonomy, nomenclature, history, floristics, ethnobotany, and linguistics, underscoring thesignificance of historical herbaria in advancing knowledge across diverse fields.

P.0961 PHYLOPYR: The
genetic information of
Pyrenean flowering plants
accessible worldwide.
Tejero P1,2, Viruel J3, Hidalgo O4, Pokorny L5,
Villaverde T6, Martínez-Ortega7, M Palacio
S1, Murienne J8, Pladevall C9, Nualart N.4,
Jiménez-Alfaro B10, Calvo J7, Ezquerra V,
Ferrández JV, Illa E11, Perez11 A, Cambecèdes
J12, Catalán P13, Etxeberria M2, Mitxelena A2,
Otamendi M2, Arrieta M.2, García A2.
1 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología-CSIC. Jaca. Spain.
2 Botanika Saila. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi
Zientzia Elkartea. Donostia, Spain. 3 Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew. UK. 4 Institut Botanic de Barcelona(CSIC), Barcelona Spain. 5 Real Jardín Botánico(CSIC), Madrid. Spain. 6 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. 7 Departamento de Botánica y
Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad
de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 8 Laboratoire
Evolution et Diversité Biologique- IRD-UPS-CNRS,
Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. 9 Andorra
Recerca + Innovacio. Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra. 10
Biodiversity Research Institute (Univ.Oviedo - CSIC
- Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Spain. 11 Dept. de Biologia
Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (secció
Botànica). Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain. 12 Conservatoire botanique national desPyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées, Bagnères de Bigorre,
France. 13 Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca.
Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.
Herbaria provide the witness and assurance of the existence of a plant in a place at a certain time, helping
science being reproducible. Unfortunately, literature
is full of examples where Voucher documentation ofreferred plants is missing. Moreover, most of genomic studies providing voucher support don’t identify theconcrete individual from where the DNA comes from.
Particularly in the current “-omics” era, the need to
identify and preserve the specimen from where molecules are obtained (i.e., DNA) is essential to enhance
the potential future multidisciplinary work and evenrevise its classification. The PHYLOPYR project aims toreconstruct the Tree of Life of all flowering plants (circa 3,600) recorded in the Pyrenees using the Angio-

sperms353 probe set for target capture sequencing(TCS). With this universal prove set, sequence data canbe generated for up to 353 nuclear low-copy orthologous genes, as well as complete organelles. All plant
species will be freshly collected, except in the caseof threatened and rare species for which herbarium
specimens may be used. Initially, we intend to sample
one population per species, vouchering three to fiveindividuals. One individual per taxon will be designatedas the molecular voucher and will be processed in the
wet lab and sequenced. Sequenced will be accessible in open repositories in less than 2 years. The initialcore team is formed by 23 researchers belonging to
13 institutions, including floristic and taxonomy experts(across the Pyrenees) and methodological and analytical experts (across Europe). Three herbaria (JACA[IPE-CSIC], ARANZADI, and BC [IBB, CSIC-CMCNB]) will
safeguard the vouchers of the project. PHYLOPYR sequence database may contribute to cutting-edge
research in many disciplines, such as plant systematic, biogeography, conservation, plant identificationor phylogenomics. In this contribution we provide detailed information about the methodology willing topromote interactions and similar attempts worldwide.

P.0962 Correspondenceof D.F.L. von Schlechtendal
in the herbarium of Halle,
Germany (HAL)
Natalia Tkach1, Martin Röser1
1 Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
D.F.L. von Schlechtendal (1794–1866) was a prominent
19th-century botanist. He held the position of Professor of botany at the University of Halle-Wittenberg
from 1833 to 1866. His plant collection, which consistsof approximately 70,000 specimens, is still preservedat the university. Schlechtendal is credited with describing over 1,600 new taxa, including 78 new genera, mostly from the New World, despite his limited
travels. Schlechtendal’s extensive scientific network is
well-documented through his correspondence, which
includes ca. 5,500 letters from about 500 individuals.
Among these correspondents are numerous renowedbotanists, natural scientists, travelers, and plant collectors, such as A. von Humboldt, A. von Chamisso(who is also known as a poet), A.H.G. Grisebach, A.L.P.P
de Candolle, R.F. Hohenacker, and C.F.P. von Martius.
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questions concerning the journals ‘Linnaea’ and ‘Botanische Zeitung’ edited by Schlechtendal. The authors
submit their manuscripts and, frequently, the specimens of new taxa as gifts, which are stored in ourherbarium. The letters from scientists studying African,
Central and South American plants serve as a valuable source of information. The texts are written in old
German Kurrent script, the ink is fading and the paper
is disintegrating. Therefore, we aim to transliterate allletters (63% are already finished), index them, digitize
them and make them available online. Older ladies
and gentlemen, who can still read the texts in Kurrent
and transcribe them for us are a great help in our project. Some publications have already been released
regarding these letters. This correspondence holds
significant and supra-regional importance for current
research and scientific study of the flora in their countries of origin.

P.0963 Specimens from
Philip Miller’s herbarium andwhere to find them
Wajer, J.1
1 Science Department, Division of Algae, Fungi and
Plants, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road,
London, UK.
Philip Miller (1691-1771) was a famous British gardener
and the director of the Chelsea Physic Garden from1722 to 1770. Under his leadership, this small, three-acre plot of land in a quiet corner of West London wastransformed from a suburban allotment into an internationally renowned hub through which thousands of
new species of plants from around the world, particularly from South Africa and North America, were introduced into British and European horticulture. Miller’s influence, however, stretched far beyond shaping
the way our gardens look today. He was also a skilled
botanist and during his long reign at Chelsea he discovered over a thousand new species of plants, all ofwhich were diligently recorded in successive editionsof The Gardeners Dictionary (1731-1771), his most famous work. The specimens upon which Miller based
the descriptions of his new plant species were deposited in his own herbarium that included over ten
thousand samples, according to a letter he sent toJohn Bartram in 1758. This invaluable collection waspurchased by Sir Joseph Banks at an auction in 1774
and incorporated into his own herbarium, which later formed the basis of the Natural History Museum’s
General Herbarium, now one of the largest in the world
with over five million sheets and counting. This poster
will explore various idiosyncratic ways in which Banksand his assistants annotated Miller’s specimens before they were mixed with the rest of his own collection.
It will form a practical guide into finding and selecting
the most appropriate material that correctly typifies
the myriad of plants described by Miller in various editions of his Gardeners Dictionary. Additional elementsof original material and the whereabouts of the specimens distributed by Miller to his scientific collaboratorsin the UK and throughout Europe will also be discussed.

S.108. NEW FRONTIERS IN PLANTPHYLOGENOMICS
P.0964 From Asparagales
to Hyacinth: Phylogenomic
insights in the evolutionary
and biogeographic
history of Scilloideae(Asparagaceae)
Tim Böhnert1, Maria-Anna Vasile1,
Maximilian Weigend1
1 Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, University ofBonn, Bonn, Germany.

Asparagales, comprises ca. 10% of all angiosperm
species – roughly 36,000 spp. in 1,122 genera and
14 families, with Orchids accounting for nearly twothirds of the species (ca. 25,000 spp.). The second
largest family are Asparagaceae (ca. 2,900 spp.),currently subdivided into seven subfamilies, including Scilloideae (ca. 1,000 spp.). Scilloideae comprise
iconic ornamentals such as hyacinths, star-of-Bethlehem, harebells and bluebells and are quite conserved in their basic morphology. Accordingly,
genus concepts diverge dramatically between taxonomic treatments and are in a state of constantflux. Current concepts of the basic phylogeny andclassification of Asparagales and Asparagaceae

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are widely, but not universally, accepted. Numerous
individual relationships remain unresolved and, genus- and species level coverage remains unsatisfactory. Dating Asparagales has also been challenging, and published estimates of crown node ages
range from 60 to 130 million years. Overall, although
our understanding of this order has improved dramatically in recent decades, we are still far from acomprehensive systematic and biogeographic understanding of the group. The aims of this study are,(1) to construct a densely sampled (> 600 spp.), order-wide phylogeny of the Asparagales based on
the Angio353 data of the PAFTOL project. (2) to use
this expanded phylogeny to apply molecular clock
dating for a time-calibrated, in-depth phylogenyof the entire order. (3) Based on a well-resolved,
densely sampled and time-calibrated backbone,
we plan to study the hyacinth subfamily Scilloideae in detail to resolve relationships, evolutionary
patterns, and historical biogeography. Preliminary
results confirm current family-level classifications,provide a highly supported backbone for Asparagaceae, and solve several long-debated inconsistencies between genera (e.g., Scilla) within Scilloideae.
Finally, by adding a substantial number of newly sequenced species from the Geophyte Collection ofBonn Botanic Gardens, among others, we emphasize the importance of botanical living collections forlarge-scale phylogenetic studies.

P.0965 Dual use of
Angiosperm353 data: fromphylogenetics to speciesdelimitation in the Acacia
Microneurae groupand for species delimitation using tests of coalescence, including reciprocal monophyly followed by
reducing the data to SNPs for population genetic
approach comparisons. The study focuses on theMicroneurae group of the genus Acacia, a dominant and widespread group in the semi-arid andarid zones in Australia. Firstly, we aim to elucidate
the group’s systematic relationships through the reconstruction of gene and species trees. Secondly, totest species delimitation of Acacia georginae andA. cambagei from individuals in allopatry and sympatry across their wide geographic range. We expect that species would be reciprocal monophyletic
if alleles within each taxon share a closer common
ancestor or coalesce more recently than with alleles
from the other species. A lack of reciprocal monophyly would suggest potential recent divergence.
To explore this, we assess reproductive isolation, especially in sympatry. Interbreeding might show low
allele fixation, while distinct fixed alleles imply no interbreeding. This framework holds promise for moreaccurate systematic revisions by incorporating theunderlying factors driving species divergence.

P.0966 Genetic diversityand distribution of Buniumand Elwendia (Apiaceae)
in Iran: a phylogennomic
perspective
Reza Haghi1, Farkhondeh Rezanejad2,
Dörte Harpke1, Frank R. Blattner1,3
1 Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant
Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben,
Germany. 2 Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar
University, Kerman, Iran. 3 German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig,
Leipzig, Germany.

Barbara Azevedo de Oliveira1, RodFensham1,2, Lyn Cook1
1 The University of Queensland, Australia. 2
Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, Australia.
Phylogenetics and population genetics have long
used different types of data, but next-generation
sequencing approaches provide the opportunity tocapture data that can be used for multiple purposes based on extensive sequence coverage. These
approaches have the potential to decrease time,effort and costs associated with addressing questions both above and below the species level. In thisstudy, we utilise data from conserved exons andvariable flanking regions to conduct phylogenetics

The genera Elwendia and Bunium encompass diverse species with aromatic properties distributed
across Asia, Europe, and North Africa. This study focuses on elucidating the phylogenetic relationships
within Elwendia and Bunium, which were previously considered as a single genus. Iran is ecologicallyand geographically important for these genera. A
total of 195 populations representing eight different species of Elwendia (E. afghanica, E. badghyzi,
E. kuhitangi, E. caroides, E. cylindrica, E. intermedia,
E. persica, E. wolffii), and three species of Bunium (B.
paucifolium, B. cornigerum, B. rectangulum) werecollected from different provinces in Iran, with 15 ad-

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ditional samples from Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was employed toanalyze genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed thedivision into two separate genera: Bunium (consisting of the western species) and Elwendia (easternspecies). While most populations in Iran belonged
to the Elwendia and were distributed in the eastern provinces, geographic overlap of Bunium andElwendia was observed throughout the country. Although E. persica, a prominent species within Elwendia used for its secondary compounds, and its close
relatives (E. cylindrica, E. afghanica, E. badghyzi, E.
kuhitangi, E. intermedia) are morphologically similarand challenging to distinguish in some populations,the analysis clearly differentiated them. Additionally, population structure analysis revealed that someElwendia species are hybrids of other species, indicating genetic mixing within the genus. Furthermore,sharing of subpopulations between Elwendia andBunium genera was observed in certain populations, highlighting potential gene flow between thetwo genera. This study provides valuable insights
into the evolutionary history and taxonomic relationships of Bunium and Elwendia species, particularly inclarifying the classification of Elwendia persica andits close relatives as medically and economicallyimportant species.

P.0967 Intracellular genetransfer (IGT) events fromthe mitogenome into
the plastome of subtribe
Ferulinae Drude (Apiaceae)

plastome’s inverted repeat (IR) region. Partial mitogenome sequences with lengths ranging from 2.8
kb to 5.8 kb were imported. Furthermore, unlike other Scandiceae subtribes, Ferulinae plastomes werediscovered to have two distinct mitogenome sequences. We named those sequences Ferula Mitochondrial Plastid (FeMP). FeMP1 lengths ranged from
336 to 1,100 bp, whereas FeMP2 lengths ranged from50 to 740 bp (no FeMP2 in F. conocaula and F. kingdon-wardii). FeMP2 contains the entire rps7 genefrom the mitogenome. Ferulinae was monophyleticin the maximum likelihood (ML) tree generated using 79 protein-coding genes, however Dorema andFergania were nested within the Ferula clade. Ferula
plastome features are shared by Dorema and Fergania. Based on these findings, Dorema and Fergania must be reclassified. Overall, our findings can beused as a hypothesis to explain the plastome evolution of Scandiceae using the atypical plastome of
Apiaceae. These findings will also aid in our understanding of plant organelle genome evolution.

P.0968 Phylogenetic
relationships in the
strawberry subtribe
Fragariinae (Rosaceae, tribe
Potentilleae) from wholegenome sequences
Geraldine A. Allen1,Aaron Liston2, L. Torsten
Eriksson3
1 University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada. 2 Oregon
State University, Corvallis, USA. 3 University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Sangjin Jo1, Minsu Park1, Komiljon Sh.
Tojibaev2, Ziyoviddin Yusupov2, Sangho
Choi1, Jin-Hyub Paik1*
1 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea. 2 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. *corresponding author: jpaik@kribb.re.kr
Intracellular gene transfer (IGT) is a phenomenon of
genome evolution that occurs between plant nuclear and organelle genomes or between organelle
genomes. The plastome is highly conserved, making
it rare for foreign DNA to be introduced. The subtribe
Ferulinae includes Ferula, which is one of the largest genera in Apiaceae. We discovered IGT occurrences in the rps12-trnV IGS region of the Ferulinae

The subtribe Fragariinae consists of approximately
800 species and 12-14 genera, including the strawberries (Fragaria) and their relatives. We conducted
whole genome shotgun sequencing of 28 species
from all genera in the subtribe. Complete plastomes were recovered with GetOrganelle; nuclear
genes were retrieved with HybPiper2 using 12353
Fragaria vesca genes as reference. Nuclear genesequences were aligned with MAFFT and alignmentsthat included genes for ≥ 90% of samples were retained for analysis. Maximum likelihood analyses
of both plastome and nuclear trees revealed two
main subclades within the Fragariinae: the Drymocallis subclade (including Chamaecallis, Chamaerhodos, Dasiphora, Drymocallis and Potaninia) andthe Sibbaldia subclade (including Comarum, Farin-

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opsis, Sibbaldia, Sibbaldiopsis and Sibbaldianthe).
As shown by others, the highly diverse Alchemillalineage (Alchemilla, Aphanes and Lachemilla) is
included in the Sibbaldia subclade as sister to thecentral Asian genus Farinopsis. The placement of
the two genera Fragaria and Sibbaldianthe was notclearly resolved. In the nuclear phylogenetic tree,
Fragaria is weakly supported as sister to the Sibbaldia subclade, whereas in the plastome tree it
is sister to the Drymocallis subclade with stronger
support. Although Fragaria clearly diverged from therest of the Fragariinae early in the history of the subtribe, the exact relationships are currently unclear.
The Asian genus Sibbaldianthe is sister to Sibbaldia/
Sibbaldiopsis in the nuclear tree, and sister to Comarum/Farinopsis/Alchemilla in the plastome tree.
These conflicts and uncertainties suggest hybridization, in combination with polyploidy, has played
an important role in the evolutionary history of the
Fragariinae. Polyploid species or a mixture of diploids
and polyploids occur in several genera, including
Fragaria, Sibbaldianthe, and the Alchemilla group.
Sibbaldiopsis is hypothesized to be an allopolyploid(and possibly polyphyletic) genus descended inpart from Sibbaldia. Analyses are ongoing to identify
the origins of these genera.

P.0969 Exploring
phylogenetic backbone anddeep reticulation of a nonmodel plant lineage using
multi-source genomic data
Chao Xu1,2, Ze-Tao Jin1,2,3, Hui Wang1,2,4,
Si-Yu Xie1,2,5, Xiao-Hua Lin1,2,5, Richard G.J.
Hodel6, Yu Zhang1,2,5, Dai-Kun Ma1,2,7, Bing
Liu1,2, Guang-Ning Liu2, Shui-Hu Jin4, Liang
Zhao5, Jun Wu3, Chen Ren8, De-Yuan
Hong1,2, Bin-Bin Liu1,2
1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Beijing, China. 2 China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China. 3 State Key Laboratory of
Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University,
Nanjing, China. 4 College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China. 5 College of Life Sciences &Herbarium of Northwest A&F University, Northwest
A&F University, Yangling, China. 6 Department of
Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. 7 Universi-

ty of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
8 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservationand Sustainable Utilization & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China
Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guangzhou, China.
Phylogenetic networks, rather than purely bifurcating trees, more accurately depict the intricate
evolutionary dynamics of most lineages, especially those characterized by extensive hybridization
and allopolyploidization events. However, the challenges of achieving complete taxon sampling, andlimited financial resources for studying non-model
plant lineages, have hindered comprehensive androbust estimation of phylogenetic backbones withguidance from networks. The bellflower tribe, Campanuleae, characterized by a reticulate evolutionary history, serves as an ideal model to investigate
how to diagnose nested ancient reticulation events.
Here, by integrating multiple genomic data sources and a range of phylogenetic inference methods,
we produced a robust phylogenetic backbone forthe tribe Campanuleae. Our investigation of reticulate evolution indicates that hybridization and allopolyploidization were instrumental in shaping thediversity of the bellflower tribe, particularly during
the initial diversification of the subtribe Phytematinae. Additionally, we ascertained that conflicting
topologies resulting from distinct genomic datasets
and inference methodologies significantly impact
downstream estimates of divergence dating, ancestral area construction, and diversification rates.
This study offers a universally relevant framework for
deciphering how to use network-based phylogenetic structures using various genomic sources and inference methods.

P.0970 The Clusioid626
probe set: disentangling
recalcitrant phylogenetic
relationships in the clusioid
clade (Malpighiales)
Irene Villa-Machío1, Irene Masa-Iranzo2,3,
Lisa Pokorny2, Andrea S. Meseguer2
1 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA. 2 RealJardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 3 Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The clusioid clade (Malpighiales) includes five families, Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae, and comprises

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94 genera with -2.2K mostly tropical species. From aphylogenetic perspective, Malpighiales is known as
one of the most challenging angiosperm orders to resolve. Recent studies suggest that the clusioid clade
may not be an exception (putatively paraphyletic).
To resolve phylogenetic relationships in this clade, wehave implemented a genomic approach, combining
target capture and genome skimming (Hyb-Seq) torecover hundreds of low-copy nuclear orthologs andorganellar DNA. We designed a custom probe set, theClusioid626 kit, composed of 39.936 120-mer probes,
for a total ~6.6M nucleotide data matrix, and mapping to 626 nuclear targets, including all targets in
the Angiosperms353 probe set. Targets were selectedbased on size evenness and phylo-informativeness toprevent methodological biases in the phylogenomic inference. We tested our probe set on 49 samples
from 24 clusioid genera representing all the tribes described in the clade, including data from 17 species
downloaded from the NCBI SRA, and 32 newly generated accessions. Both nuclear and plastid datasets
were analysed using the HybPiper pipeline. On average, 34.5% of reads mapped to our targets, recovering ~600 orthologs. Additionally, a new plastid target
file was created to mine plastid coding regions from
off-target reads. This plastid target file was based on
the complete plastome sequence of 13 species fromfive Malpighiales families. Phylogenomic analyses of
the nuclear dataset suggest that Podostemaceae
may not belong to the clusioid clade. Relationships forthe remaining families are fully resolved and strongly supported. Further, we infer Clusiaceae, rather than
Bonnetiaceae, as sister to the remaining families. Similarly, we infer Calophyllaceae as sister to Hypericaceae, rather than Podostemaceae, which may point toboth analytical artefacts and to biological processes.

P.0971 An assessmentof a newly designed
hybrid capture bait set for
Urticaceae

has become an important tool for plant systematics
and evolution. Notably, Hyb-Seq technology, utilisinga designed probe for DNA region capture, has been
considered a cost-effective method and is widely
applied in non-model organisms. This study aims
to design a probe set to enrich nuclear loci for Urticaceae, a group of plants notorious for challenging
DNA extraction due to polysaccharide abundance.
Based on the published transcriptome of Urtica dioica and the newly assembled transcriptome of Boehmeria nivea and Elatostema rivulare in this study, we
attempted to search for single-copy nuclear lociin Urticaceae by MarkerMiner. Meanwhile, we also
identified Urticaceae homologs corresponding to
Angiosperms353 loci as reference. Overall, 542 lociwere retained, including 268 loci of Angiospems353.
The representative Urticaceae taxa were collectedfrom the field and herbarium, and, subsequently, we
prepared the libraries for NGS and used these specific probes to capture the target loci. The reads obtained after sequencing will be assembled throughdifferent pipelines that are based on different assembly dependencies to evaluate the effect of different assembly pipelines, phylogenetic relationshipand sequence analysis. This study systematicallycompares assembly and pipelines will lead to theunderstanding and identification of the potential
factors affecting Hyb-Seq analysis that have been
overlooked by researchers for a long time, to provide
the strategies for future study of phylogenomics inthe analysis and sampling.

P.0972 Effects of gene flow
on inference of phylogeny,
divergence times andhistorical biogeography inbeeches
Ai-Ying Wang1, Yu Liang2, Mu-Qing Liu2, XiaoXi Yang2, Xiao-Yong Chen3, Chien-Hsun
Huang4, Da-Yong Zhang2, Wan-Jin Liao2

Han-Chun Chien1, Geng-Xi Zhu1, Yu-Hsin
Tseng1

1 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing
Forestry University, Beijing, China. 2 College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. 3 Schoolof Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai, China. 4 School of Life
Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

1 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Over the past decade, advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the continuous advancement of technology have made reduced-representation sequencing a highly efficient method
for obtaining hundreds of nuclear loci. This method

Gene flow widely occurs among plant and animal taxa
causing significant effects on phylogenetic analyses.
Estimations of divergence time and historical biogeography patterns are strongly influenced by phyloge-502

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netic reticulation. However, existing approaches have
not resolved such effects on evolutionary history. Here,a gene-partitioning-based backbone tree pipeline
was used to reconstruct the phylogeny of beeches.
Furthermore, the divergence time and ancestral area
was estimated by considering the effects of gene flow
based on 114 whole-genome sequences of the ten
Fagus taxa worldwide. Beeches showed a reticularphylogeny with two main gene flow events. Two East
Asian species (F. longipetiolata and F. lucida) formed
the sister clade to other taxa in the subgenus Fagus
after taking the effects of gene flow into account. The
existing beech species are inferred to originate from
East Asia in the early Oligocene, then spread to North
America and Europe during the mid-Miocene. The estimated divergence time for the subgenus Fagus was
15.42 Mya under reticulated evolution, which is moreancient than previous estimates. Our findings highlighted the effects of gene flow on phylogeny, divergence times, and ancestral area reconstruction.

P.0973 Plastid genome
evolution in the
Polygalaceae family and its
phylogenetic implicationsum). However, the plastomes of the heterotrophic
Epirixanthes spp. have lost the inverted repeat (IR)regions, resulting in significant reduction and rearrangement, with lengths varying from 33,131 bp (E.
elongata) to 95,420 bp (E. pallida). All Polygalaceae species’ plastomes showed varying degrees ofIR expansion, gene loss, and rearrangement, except
for those of the early-diverging genus Xanthophyllum. Plastome data proved effective in resolving thephylogenetic relationships among sampled species. Additionally, plastome features can serve as
synapomorphies for certain clades. In summary, ourstudy provides valuable insights into the structural
diversification of plastomes and underscores theimportance of plastome data in phylogenetic reconstruction within Polygalaceae.

P.0974 Reconstructing
phylogenetic trees basedon hierarchical and nested
repetitive genetic structures
Zhuoxin Zhang1, Jieyu Wang2, Yu Liu3
1 South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou,
China. 2 BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China. 3 Beijing
Normal University, Zhuhai, China.

Yin-Huan Wang1
1 School of Primary Education, Chongqing Normal
University, Chongqing, China.
Polygalaceae is a nearly cosmopolitan plant family
consisting of 30 named genera and over 1,200 species. Many species within this family are of economic importance, particularly in medicine and timber
production. In recent years, the infra-family classification of Polygalaceae has undergone significant
changes, primarily due to the redefinition of several
genera, notably the polyphyletic Polygala s.l. Plastomes, the complete DNA sequences of plastids,
exhibit variability in length and architecture within
this family. To investigate the structural characteristics of plastomes and their potential for resolving
phylogenetic relationships within Polygalaceae, thisstudy assembled the plastome of P. tatarinowii andconducted comparative and phylogenetic analyses
with 25 other plastomes of Polygalaceae and four
plastomes from three other families within Fabales
available in GenBank. In comparison with the typicalangiosperm plastome, the plastomes of the majority of Polygalaceae species exhibited a quadripartite structure with lengths ranging from 143,284 bp(Salomonia cantoniensis) to 171,893 bp (P. karensi-

In phylogenetic studies, popular mathematical frameworks such as Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and the Bayesian Method typically rely onstates of single nucleotide, amino acid, or morphological character. However, these methods may not fully
account for evolutionary events like sequence repetition, deletion, and chromosome regions exchange.
Such events can lead to inaccuracies due to the overemphasis on individual state calculations in phylogenetics. In contrast, a recently proposed approach
named “Ladderpath” (within the broader categoryof Algorithmic Information Theory), motivated by theconcept of “evolutionary tinkering”, offers an alternative mathematical framework. Similar methods havebeen successfully applied to the study of the evolutionof compound structures (Liu et al., Sci. Adv. 2021) andstructural symmetry (Johnston et al., PNAS 2022). Our
study introduces a novel algorithm and accompanying online tool, the Ladderpath Calculator, designed forconstructing phylogenetic trees from DNA sequencesand genomic colinearity data. By iteratively extracting repetitive substructures and reconstructing theminto a network structure with hierarchical relationships,
Ladderpath can define and calculate the evolutionary
distances between sequences. Testing revealed that503

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Ladderpath can process unaligned data by effectively
identifying repetitive structures in sequences, yielding
results comparable to those obtained from traditional algorithms. However, it shows ambiguity in cases ofrecent evolution due to the absence of distinct repetitive patterns. Notably, Ladderpath effectively utilizes
syntenic blocks in genomic data, providing reliable

results in colinearity scenarios. In summary, Ladderpath emerges as a novel approach in molecular phylogenetics, particularly advantageous for analyzing
repeated data blocks. It also holds potential for future
hybridization studies by facilitating the mapping of hierarchical and nested repetitive elements.

S.109. NEW INSIGHTS INTO PHYLOGENOMICS,
SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF
SALICACEAE.
P.0976 The role of sex ratio
bias for sex chromosome
evolution

P.0977 Repeated evolutionof arctic-alpine dwarfism
Vinciane Mossion1, Xiaomeng Mao1,
Sophie Karrenberg1

Xiaomeng Mao1, Sophie Karrenberg1
1 Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sex ratio selection is one of the important forces inthe evolution of sex-determining systems. Strong female-sex ratio bias is common in natural populations of Salix, with no or only limited association withsexual dimorphism or environmental conditions. We
investigated sex ratios in the arctic-alpine dwarf willow Salix herbacea L. and tested whether sex ratio was
associated with germination, survival or flowering. We
detected a strong and consistent overall female bias
(proportion of females: 0.71-0.82) in both natural populations and under controlled conditions, but variable
sex ratios in families (0.25-1). We did not find evidence
for habitat segregation of the sexes or sexual dimorphism in survival or flowering. This suggests that sex ratio bias is already present in seeds. Candidate mechanisms that can lead to both overall female bias andvariation in sex ratio among families are meiotic driveor cyto-nuclear interactions. To identify the mechanisms underlying sex ratio bias, we currently trace thetransmission of maternal and paternal alleles to theiroffspring, using whole genome re-sequencing anda recently established draft genome of S. herbaceawith putative ZW sex determination. We specificallyfocus on the transmission of sex-linked haplotypes to
explore to which extent these regions are associatedwith the control of sex ratio. With this study, we will gain
insights into mechanisms generating sex ratio bias
and their association with sex chromosome evolution.

1 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
The repeated evolution of similar form and function indivergent lineages has long fascinated researchers
because it might imply that evolution is predictable.
Similar phenotypes can arise through new mutations
or shared variation, either as shared ancestral variation or hybridization. A prominent example of repeatedevolution is the dwarf stature of plants growing in arctic
or alpine environments. In willows (Salix), such dwarfism
has evolved multiple times in unrelated lineages. Here,
we investigate the evolution of dwarfism in willows using whole genome re-sequencing (WGS) of four putative dwarf-shrub pairs and an outgroup (6 individuals
per species) as well as published WGS data from about
40 additional Salicaceae species. First, we created aphylogenetic framework based on orthologous genes
and confirmed multiple dwarf-shrub species pairs in
distinct lineages. As a second step, we searched for signatures of repeated evolution along the genome using
unsupervised recognition of local relationship patterns.
We identified several genomic regions displaying tree
topologies in which species are grouped by growthform rather than by species relatedness, which suggests a contribution of shared variation to the repeatedevolution of dwarfism. We further tested orthologous
genes for positive selection in branches leading to
dwarf species by analyzing synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates. We found strong evidence
for 60 candidate genes under positive selection. Further
analyses are ongoing to test whether regions or genes
controlling dwarfism are associated with lineage diver-504

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gence. Moreover, we will explore the role of hybridization and ancestral standing variation for the repeatedevolution of dwarfism using D and ƒ-branch statistics
and reticulate network analysis. Together, these analyses allow us to make inferences on the evolutionary
processes underlying the common arctic-alpine dwarf
forms in the genus Salix.

therefore be overlooked—their frequency in the field isstill unknown. We have confirmed hybrids from Czechia and Italy, but apparently they occur in other European countries (e.g. Romania). This phenomenon
was previously unknown in ornamental willows and isimportant to consider as it may represent a potential
threat to the native willow gene pool in Europe.

P.0978 Spontaneous
hybridisation of Salix
babylonica with native
European willows(Salicaceae)—an overlookedrisk for new alien hybrids?

P.0979 Allopolyploidizationfrom two dioecious
ancestors leads torecurrent evolution ofsex chromosomes andreversion to autosomes

Jana Geržová1, Radim J. Vašut1

Li He1,#,*, Yuàn Wang1,#, Yi Wang1,2, RenGang Zhang3, Yuán Wang1, Elvira
Hörandl4, Judith E. Mank5, Ray Ming6

1 Department of Botany, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
Hybridisation, an important evolutionary process inplants, also has a downside—the possibility of hybridisation between native and exotic species poses a
potential threat to native populations or habitats. In
Salicaceae, not only is Populus ×canadensis having anegative impact on European floodplain forests, butalso exotic willow hybrids are a serious threat to alluvial habitats in South America and New Zealand. Some
allochthonous willows are widely cultivated in Europe,
particularly ornamentals of the S. babylonica group.
However, despite their frequent contact with autochthonous European taxa, their spontaneous hybridisation has not yet been documented. Recently, we haverepeatedly found suspect morphotypes in the fieldwith morphological characteristics of such hybrids (S.
babylonica × ‘wind’). We therefore investigated whether such hybridisation occurs in Europe by comparing
the genome size (GS) of the expected parental taxa
and hybrids by flow cytometry, and by comparing
genetic differences using genome-wide DArTseq genotyping. We have documented that all plants tested are tetraploids, slightly smaller GS of S. babylonica
suggesting that some of the samples represent ‘alien’
hybrids. This was further confirmed by statistical analyses of SNPs generated by DArTseq, resulting in anintermediate position of putative hybrids between S.
babylonica f. tortuosa and European willows. It confirmed the formation of novel hybrids between nativeand exotic willow species, with three types of hybrids
between S. babylonica f. tortuosa and S. alba/S. fragilis being formed via different pathways. These hybrids are morphologically difficult to identify and may

1 Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan
Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China. 2 Laboratory of
Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody
Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. 3 Yunnan
Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant
Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Yunnan, China. 4 Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium),
University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany. 5
Department of Zoology and Biodiversity ResearchCentre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
Canada. 6 Centre for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops,
Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China *lhe@cemps.ac.cn#Contributed equally to this study.
Polyploidization presents an unusual challenge for
species with sex chromosomes, as it can lead to complex combinations of sex chromosomes that disrupt
reproductive development. This is particularly true forallopolyploidization between species with different
sex chromosome systems. Here we assemble haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genomes of a female allotetraploid weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
and a male diploid Salix dunnii using Hi-C and PacBio HiFi reads. We use phylogenomics of nuclear andplastid genomes to show that weeping willow arosefrom crosses between a female ancestor from theSalix clade, having XY sex chromosomes on chromosome 7, and a male ancestor from the Vetrix clade,505

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having ancestral XY sex chromosomes on chromosome 15. Our analysis reveals that weeping willow has
one pair sex chromosomes, ZW on chromosome 15,that derive from the ancestral XY sex chromosomesin the Vetrix-clade male ancestor. Moreover, the an-cestral X chromosomes on chromosome 7 from theSalix-clade female ancestor have reverted to autosomal inheritance. Taken together, our results point to
the rapid evolution and reversion of sex chromosomes
following allopolyploidization in weeping willow.

S.110. NEW INSIGHTS ON BIG PLANT GENERA 1:
DIVERSITY & DISTRIBUTION
P.0980 New circumscriptionof Tribe Cassieae in thehigher-level classificationof Caesalpinioideae(Leguminosae)
Juliana Gastaldello Rando1, Matheus
Martins Teixeira Cota2, Alexandre
Gibau de Lima3, Roseli Lopes da Costa
Bortoluzzi4, Brigitte Marazzi5, Adilva deSouza Conceição6
1 Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia,
Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. 3 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim
Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa
Catarina, Brazil. 5 Natural History Museum of Canton Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland. 6 Universidade do
Estado da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of
legumes with ca. 4,680 species and 163 genera. It is an
ecologically and economically important group with
global distribution. Following the recent re-circumscription of a new higher-level classification as presented in Advances in Legume Systematics 14 (2), thesubfamily now comprises 11 tribes. The tribe Cassieae
was traditionally divided into five subtribes which included a total of 20 genera. However, ever since thefirst molecular phylogenies, the tribe has never been
supported as monophyletic and all recent analyses
support as monophyletic what was then considered
subtribe Cassiinae (Cassia, Chamaecrista and Senna), but only with the inclusion of four other genera
previously placed in the tribe Caesalpinieae (Batesia,
Melanoxylum, Recordoxylon and Vouacapoua). The
new classification is based on a phylogeny inferredusing hundreds of nuclear genes. Cassieae is the richest non-mimosoid clade (702 spp.), Cassia, Chamaecrista and Senna are the largest genera. The recog-

nition of Cassia, Chamaecrista and Senna is now wellestablished and each of the three genera is supported as monophyletic. Although the three genera weretraditionally considered closely related, phylogenetic
analyses have shown that they do not form a clade.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural information, morphological descriptions, Illustration, maps and notes
are given for each genus. Cassieae is morphologically heterogeneous, with only a few features shared
among all or nearly all. All Cassieae have once pinnate
or bifoliolate leaves, most species have yellow petals,
with only a few having other colors. Three genera haveporicidal anthers (Cassia, Chamaecrista and Senna).
Batesia, Melanoxylum, Recordoxylon and Vouacapoua
are restricted to the New World, occurring in the Tropical Rain Forests of South America.Cassia, Chamaecrista and Senna are widely distributed, however withhigh diversity in the Neotropical region.

P.0981 Taxonomic revisionof the mega diverse genus
Begonia (Begoniaceae) in
Northern Myanmar
Mya Bhone Maw1, Tan Yun-Hong2, Yu
Wen-bin3
1 Biodiversity Research Group, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
2 Plant Diversity and Conservation Research Group,
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese
Academy of Sciences 3 Biodiversity Research Group,
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, China.
Myanmar is one of the most biodiverse areas in Southeast
Asia. However, biodiversity research in Myanmar has been
hindered for many decades compared with other countries in East and Southeast Asia. Consequently, its flora andfauna are significantly underexplored. Northern Myanmar
is a botanically important area with species richness and506

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diversity, but little is known regarding the biodiversity ofthis region due to its high topography and political restrictions. The Begonia flora in Northern Myanmar is expected to be very rich but still poorly known compared to theother regional areas such as Northeast India and Southwest China. Moreover, it has never been systematically
explored and still lacks awareness by the local community. In a combination of botanical explorations in Northern
Myanmar – above all northern parts, Putao District, Kachin
State, and Hkamti District, Sagaing Region – literature andherbarium specimen’s examination, a total of 36 speciesof Begonia, belong to 3 sections (sect. Platycentrum, sect.
Dysmorphia, and sect. Petermannia) has been recorded,with 14 being endemic and seven new to science. Habitat
degradation must be a concern for the Begonia species
in northern Myanmar. The field survey is a fundamental
task in any biodiversity research considering Myanmar
urgently needs to conduct field exploration as its many
flora and fauna are still awaiting to be discovered and described. However, the ongoing crisis in Myanmar, following
the military takeover, has further hampered research efforts and led to an increase in illegal mining and logging,
resulting in forest fragmentation and threatening habitats. International projects are being reevaluated due tothe crisis, potentially impacting biodiversity research in the
country. Urgent field surveys are needed to discover andprotect the unique flora and fauna of Myanmar, and promoting citizen science initiatives could help engage local
communities in conservation efforts.

P.0982 How many
Philippine Begonia sectionPetermannia species are
there and where to findthem?
Mark Arcebal K. Naive1,2, Mark Hughes3,
Daniel C. Thomas4, Wen-Bin Yu1
1 Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan
Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China. 2 University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 4 Researchand Conservation, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore.
A taxonomic synopsis of Philippine Begonia sectionPetermannia (Begoniaceae) is presented. Following a
study of 88 published names and their types, we accept 69 Begonia section Petermannia species for thePhilippine flora. Except for B. dimorpha and B. rieckei, allare endemic to the archipelago. Lectotypes or neotypes will be designated for all names for which thisis necessary. In addition, we propose the synonymy ofseveral species under this section and report for theoccurence of B. aptera as a new record for the country.
A list of additional specimen examined to facilitate correct referencing and a map showing the distribution of
the species will be provided. Furthermore, a preliminary
phylogenetic relationship of endemic Philippine Begonia section Petermannia species based on plastome
will be presented.

P.0983 Conservation
Assessment of Philippine
Begonia
Rosario R. Rubite1, Mark Hughes2, KuoFang Chung3, Danilo N. Tandang3,4,5,6,
Mark Angelo C. Bucay3,5,6
1 Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila,
Philippines. 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 3 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. 4 Philippine
National Herbarium, Botany and National Herbarium Division, National Museum of Natural History,
National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines. 5 Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International
Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National
Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. 6 Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
After almost 20 years of extensive fieldwork, we now
have sufficient data to assess the conservation statusof the Philippine Begonia. Out of 166 taxa, 163 species areendemic to the Philippines. Ninety-two (92) species are
known only from the type locality, 54 taxa are known
from fewer than five localities. The conservation assessment of each taxon was made following the IUCN Red
List Categories and Criteria v15.1 (2022). Each species
was assigned to one of the seven categories namely, Extinct (EX), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered(EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern (LC) and Data Deficient (DD). Preliminary assessments were carried to calculate the area of occupancy
and extent of occurrence of each species. These wereexpanded by using information gathered from fieldobservations, herbarium specimens and literatures. A
large 105 species are threatened including 24 Critically Endangered taxa, 34 are Endangered while 47 are
Vulnerable. The remaining 59 species include 4 Near
Threatened, 21 Least Concern and 34 Data Deficient.

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S.111. NEW INSIGHTS ON BIG PLANT GENERA 2:
GENOMICS & TRAIT EVOLUTION
P.0984 Genomic insightof the ratooning ability ofsugarcane

P.0985 Complete plastome
sequences of seven
Juniperus species from
Kazakhstan

Md. S. Islam1*, Keo Corak2, Per McCord1,3,
Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp2,4, Alexander E.
Lipka5
1 Sugarcane Field Station, USDA-ARS, Canal Point,
USA. 2 Genomics and Bioinformatics Research
Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, USA. 3 Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington
State University, Prosser, USA. 4 Department of
Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA. 5 Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,
USA. *md.islam@usda.gov.
Ratooning ability (RA) has a significant impact on
the productivity and profitability of commercial
sugarcane. The genetics underlying RA can bebetter understood to facilitate genomics-assisted
breeding. Using 432 sugarcane clones throughout three crop cycles (plant cane, first ratoon, andsecond ratoon), a genome-wide association andgenomic prediction study of five sugar and yield
parameters of RA from a repeated field trial was
carried out. The yield and sugar data were used toestimate the RA characteristics for the economic
index (EI), stalk population (SP), stalk weight (SW),tons of cane per hectare (TCH), and tons of sucrose per hectare (TSH). Six potential quantitative
trait loci (QTL) and seven nonredundant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were foundto be connected to five examined RA samples forthe first time. Significant SNPs linked to the five
RA characteristics were co-located with sevenpotential candidate genes. For those evaluatedtraits, the genomic prediction accuracies varied
from 0.21 to 0.36, which is considered moderate.
Prediction models with fixed effects did not outperform conventional models without fixed effects. With the help of this work, we may begin tocomprehend the intricate genetic and genomic
foundation of RA in sugarcane.

Shyryn Almerekova1, Moldir
Yermagambetova1, Saule Abugalieva1,
Yerlan Turuspekov1.
1 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Juniperus L. species are mainly distributed from sea
level to above the timberline in the Northern Hemisphere and play an important role in forest ecosystems. There are approximately 75 species all over
the world, which belong to three sections: Sabina,
Juniperus, and Caryocedrus. In Kazakhstan, genus isrepresented by eight species J. communis L., J. sibirica Burgsd., J. x media Dmitr., J. pseudosabina Fisch.
et C.A. Mey., J. sabina L., J. semiglobosa Regel., J. seravschanica Kom. and J. davurica Pall. In this study,
we report the comparative plastome sequencesof seven Juniperus species collected in Kazakhstan(J. communis, J. sibirica, J. pseudosabina, J. sabina,
J. semiglobosa, J. seravschanica, J. davurica). The
length of the sequenced Juniperus species plastomes ranged from 127,469 bp (J. semiglobosa) to
128,097 bp (J. communis). Each Juniperus plastome
contained 119 genes, including 82 protein-coding
genes, 33 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes(16 genes contained one or two introns, 2 tRNA genes
were duplicated). Comparative analysis of Juniperus species plastome sequences revealed 1145 simple sequence repeat markers. Phylogenetic tree for
Juniperus samples was reconstructed based on 82
protein-coding genes and resulted in the segregation of Juniperus samples into two major clades,
corresponding to the Juniperus and Sabina sections. The analysis of plastome sequences indicatedthat accD and ycf2 were the two most polymorphic
genes. Utilizing these two genes for phylogenetic
assessment of Juniperus species confirmed theirefficiency as DNA barcodes for this genus. The sequenced plastomes of Juniperus species have provided substantial genetic data, promising significant
value for future genomic studies within this genus.

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Acknowledgments: This research has been fundedby the Science Committee of the Ministry of Scienceand Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan(Grant No. AP09259027).

S.112. NEXT GENERATION ZINGIBERALES: FROMTAXONOMY TO EVOLUTION
P.0986 Comparative leaf
lamina micromorphology
and anatomy of
Goeppertia Nees species(Marantaceae) from theAtlantic Forest, Brazil
Julia R. da Costa1, Giselle B. de Araújo1,
Mariana N. Saka2, Alessandra I. Coan3
1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal(Interunidades), Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Departamento deCiências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal deSão João del-Rei - UFSJ, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais,
Brazil. 3 Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto deBiociências de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Goeppertia is the most diverse genus of Marantaceae with ca. 250 species distributed throughout the
Neotropics. Goeppertia presents six informal groups,of which the “Breviscapus” clade is the most morphologically heterogeneous. This clade comprises
ca. 90 species with high representation in the Atlantic Forest. The objective of the present study was
to describe the leaf lamina micromorphology andanatomy of Goeppertia species occurring in the
Atlantic Forest, in order to characterize them anddiscuss possible taxonomic applications. Standard
scanning electron and light microscopy techniques
were used. Nineteen species were sampled, seventeen of which are endemic to the Atlantic Forest –around 35% of the species diversity of this formation– and two that also occur in the Cerrado. All sampled species share the following set of micromorphological and anatomical characters regardlessof whether they are exclusive to the Atlantic Forest or
occur in the Cerrado: uniseriate epidermis, coveredby a thin cuticle, and formed by cells with slightly thickened walls; sinuous anticlinal epidermal cell
walls (“s” type) in cross section; paracytic stomata;presence of hypodermis; dorsiventral mesophyll;
collateral vascular bundles; presence of aquiferous

parenchyma formed by oblique cells in the midrib;
presence of phenolic idioblasts, and crystalliferous
cells. The other characters varied, such as: the presence of malpighiaceous trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface of G. fatimae; papillose cells on the
adaxial leaf surface of G. zebrina; obtuse leaf margin
in cross section of G. bachemiana; convex-convex
outline of the midrib of G. applicata in cross section.
These results add information to the knowledge ofanatomical characterization of Goeppertia in the
Atlantic Forest and indicate that anatomical data
can be used as a tool to distinguish sympatric or
morphologically related species of the genus.

P.0987 What is the correctscientific name for the redginger?
Rudolph Valentino A. Docot1,2, Thomas
Haevermans1, Axel D. Poulsen3
1 Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité,
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France. 2
Institute of Art and Sciences, Far Eastern University,
Manila, Philippines. 3 Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
The justification for conserving names is often open to
discussion. The red ginger, Alpinia purpurata, is probably the most widely cultivated ornamental memberof the family in the world because of its eye-catching
inflorescence bracts and easy propagation. It was firstdescribed by Eugène Vieillard as Guillainia purpurata
based on a specimen from New Caledonia. Subsequently, Hellenia bracteata (now Alpinia ludwigiana)
from Java, Indonesia, has been consistently associated with A. purpurata in various taxonomic revisions but
was never considered conspecific. Alpinia ludwigiana
is mainly distinguished by its single flower per bract (vsseveral in A. purpurata). A closer examination revealed
that the type of A. ludwigiana represents a cultivated form that rarely has flowers and instead multiplies
asexually viviparously by plantlets in the inflorescence.

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With no other difference observed, A. ludwigiana andA. purpurata are no doubt conspecific and the former
has priority and is the correct name for the red ginger. Additional four taxa, Guillainia novo-ebudica, Alpinia grandis, Alpinia purpurata var. albo-bracteata,and Alpinia purpurata var. anomala have been considered synonyms but should be reevaluated. Usinga targeted enrichment NGS approach, the red ginger
should be placed in another genus. Since A. purpurata
has been used for a long period of time especially inthe horticulture industry, the question is if the epithet
should be conserved even if placed in a different genus. This study has yet to decide on this matter andis also focusing on determining its natural distribution
and differentiating wild and cultivated forms.

P.0988 Phylogenomics, a
new classification, and aconservation assessmentof the tropical genus
Heliconia (Zingiberales:
Heliconiaceae)

of Heliconia were mapped across 147 ecoregions withindividual species distributed in 1 to 61 regions. Using
data on distribution, habitat loss, and protected habitat
status, we conducted global IUCN conservation assessments following IUCN Red List categories and criteria(IUCN 2012). We also calculated using the PlantSearchtool the number of botanical gardens and living plantcollections holding ex situ specimens of each species.
We found that 49% of Heliconia (91 species) are threatened with extinction and that most species maintainedin ex situ living collections are of “least concern” with respect to conservation. A phylogenetic signal appears tobe present in the conservation status with some cladescontaining more threatened species than expected bychance. We will continue to explore the impact of evolutionary history and habitat degradation on current
day conservation status and the future of Heliconia.

P.0989 The Phylogeny of the
Carolinensis Clade of Alpinia
Roxb. (Zingiberaceae)
Seni K. Senjaya1,2, Marlina Ardiyani2, Axel D.
Poulsen3, Tomáš Fér4, Quentin Cronk1

Gary Krupnick1, Monica Carlsen-Krause2,
Tomáš Fér3, W. John Kress1
1 Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, USA. 2 Latin American Department,
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA. 3 Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czech
Republic.
Heliconia, a charismatic genus in the monotypic plantfamily Heliconiaceae, is a primarily neotropical taxon
with ~187 species distributed in the Caribbean islands,
Mexico, Central America, and South America, with six paleotropical species in Malesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia.
Many species are widely cultivated as ornamentals. Using tissue sampled from field and herbarium collections
for genomic sequencing, we have determined phylogenetic patterns of relationships within Heliconia, whichhave served to erect a new evolutionary classificationof the genus and a phylogenetic-based conservationassessment of all species. To conduct the conservationassessments, specimen data were accumulated fromherbarium collections world-wide and supplemented with information from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for all 187 species. Species distributions were mapped, and the extent of occurrence(EOO) was calculated using GeoCAT. The i-Terra layer in
GeoCAT was utilized to visualize land-cover vegetation
loss resulting from human activities. In addition, species

1 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 2 Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research andInnovation Agency Bogor, Indonesia. 3 Royal Botanic
Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 4 Department of
Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Recent molecular-based studies of the ginger genus,
Alpinia, have established that it is polyphyletic with six
clades, one of which is the Carolinensis clade. Despite
recent progress, a comprehensive understanding of
this clade, its constituent species, and their relationships is hindered by limitations in taxonomic sampling.
Our hypothesis posits that the clade comprises species
distributed east of Huxley’s biogeographical line, classified by Smith as the subgenus Dieramalpinia (proparte) sensu Smith. This taxon is morphologically distinctive in having densely packed flowers along zigzag
monochasial cyme branches (cincinni), tubular bracteoles, and an inconspicuous labellum. To better understand the clade, our study employs a combinationof Sanger and high-throughput sequencing, coupledwith an expanded taxonomic sampling approach. We
include 96 accessions, representing approximately 45
species, with a selected subset of 52 accessions usedfor Hyb-Seq analysis. These accessions were sourced
from various Botanic Gardens and collections acrossdiverse regions, including Sulawesi, Maluku, West Papua, Papua New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago

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Amomum s.l., the second largest genus after Alpiniain the ginger family, is widely distributed in South andSoutheast Asia. In India, the members occur mainly
in North-East India, Peninsular India and Andaman
and Nicobar Islands. The genus Amomum has always posed challenges for classification based onmorphological characters. De Boer et al. (2018) investigated Amomum in a multi-marker phylogenetic framework using matK and nrITS including multiple accessions of the type and recognized seven
genera, of which three are represented in India viz.
Amomum, Meistera and Wurfbainia. Thomas andSabu (2023) reported 31taxa of Amomum s.l. in India. Fruit is a fleshy capsule showing variations. The
capsule is dehisced by 3 valves in M. cannicarpa but
is usually indehiscent in other species. The fruit wallis smooth (e.g., M. koenigii), echinate (e.g., M. fulviceps), ridged (e.g., A. hypoleucum), winged (e.g., A.
maximum) or tubercled (W. aromatica). The shapeand colour of the capsule are important in the classification of A. Subulatum cultivars. The shape of the
fruit is generally globose. A smooth capsule with anapical depression is found in A. sabuanum. The fruit
wall is usually pubescent or puberulous. The calyx
may be persistent or deciduous. The seeds are aromatic, arillate and closely packed in the fruit. The
seeds are brown to black. The aril is white, sweet andis regarded as the aid for seed dispersal.

(primarily by A.D. Poulsen and teams). An initial phylogenetic tree, utilizing ITS data, robustly supports themonophyletic nature of the Carolinensis group, backed
by strong bootstrap support. The finding also supports
our hypothesis that the clade members morphologically largely belong to subgenus Dieramalpinia. Further
morphological analysis groups the species members
based on floral traits, particularly inflorescence branching patterns and the presence of the flower-subtending
bract, into three distinct groups. However, the resolutionof the evolutionary history within this clade remains unclear, posing a challenge to further tree interpretationand correlation analysis. Ongoing Hyb-Seq analysis isanticipated to provide additional resolution within theclade, and the comprehensive results are set to be presented at the upcoming conference.

P.0990 Fruit morphology ofthe genus Amomum Roxb.
s.l. (Zingiberaceae) in India
Valukattil P. Thomas1, Mamiyil Sabu2

1 Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta, India. 2 Malabar Botanical Garden & Institute for Plant Sciences, Kozhikkode, India.
Zingiberaceae are the largest of the order Zingiberales with about 56 genera and over 1,377 species.

S.113. ORCHID PHYLOGENOMICS:
DIVERSIFICATION, TRAIT EVOLUTION AND
BIOGEOGRAPHY
P.0991 Factors determining
orchid species richness inthe central Balkans

environmental factors on the spatial distribution
and richness of orchids in the Central Balkan region
have not been studied so far. The main aim of thisstudy is to determine the factors influencing the
spatial variation of the richness of 56 orchid species
and subspecies in the Central Balkans. A regression
analysis was used to analyse the effect of altitude
and 19 bioclimatic factors (minimum value, maximum value, mean value) on taxa richness in theCentral Balkans using the UTM grid at a 10 × 10 km
spatial resolution. In addition to the total number oftaxa, orchids with specific underground strategies(rhizomatous orchids, orchids with palmately lobed
and fusiform tubers (“intermediate orchids”) andorchids with spherical tubers (“tuberous orchids”))
were analysed separately. This study demonstrat-

Vladan Djordjević1, Spyros Tsiftsis2,
Vladimir Stevanović3, Dmitar Lakušić1
1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Instituteof Botany and Botanical Garden, Belgrade, Serbia.
2 Department of Forest and Natural Environment
Sciences, International Hellenic University, Drama,
Greece. 3 Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Kneza Mihaila, Belgrade, Serbia.
The Balkan Peninsula is one of the most importantcentres of orchid diversity. However, the effects of511

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ed that altitude, including its minimum value, maximum value, mean values, and altitudinal range significantly affects orchid taxa richness. The effects ofaltitude and climate factors are most pronounced
in the “intermediate orchids”, where the maximum
values of the altitude and the minimum values of
the temperature variables have the strongest influence on orchid richness. The results confirm the
hypothesis about the evolutionary development oforchids and prove that orchids with palmately lobed
and fusiform tubers are best adapted to cold conditions. This research provides a good basis for better
orchid conservation planning and emphasises theimportance of underground strategies as a featureof orchid life history that should not be ignored whenstudying patterns of terrestrial orchid diversity.

P.0992 Diversification rates
and key innovations explain
rich diversity of Arethuseae(Orchidaceae)

nance of mountain biodiversity in Asia. ATSME serve
as both cradles and museums for diversification in
Arethuseae. This study provides new insights into how
biotic and abiotic factors drive the evolutionary radiation of tropical and subtropical mountain plants in
Asia, and is important for the development of conservation strategies in Asian mountains.

P.0993 Studies onmorphological andanatomical variations
among the Bulbophyllum
fimbriatum from Western
Ghats of India
Shivram Khadke1, Pooja Nikade1
1 Department of Botany, Smt. Kasturbai WalchandCollege, Sangli M.S. India.

Chongbo Ma1,2, Jian-Wu Li3, Himmah
Rustiami4, Arief Hidayat4, Xiao-Hua Jin1,2
1 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 2 China National
Botanical Garden, Beijing, China. 3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Yunnan, China. 4 Research Center for
Biosystematics and Evolution, National Researchand Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia.
Asian tropical and subtropical mountain ecosystems (ATSME) cover a diverse suite of complex ecosystems, ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine
meadows, with well-developed evergreen broadleaf
forests and monsoonal climates. Although the complexity of mountain ecosystems is closely related torich biodiversity, the mechanisms underlying such
associations remain poorly understood. Here, species diversification in orchid tribe Arethuseae withapproximately 700 species mainly endemic in ATSME
was investigated. Our results indicated that dramatic increases in situ diversification rates of Arethuseae were accompanied by a gradual decrease in theextinction rate at the Oligocene–Miocene boundaryand mid-Miocene. The innovation of pseudobulbs
and epiphytic habit may have provided evolutionary
opportunities for adaptive radiation of Arethuseae.
The intensification of the Asian monsoon and expansion of montane rainforests as well as their interactions were important for the formation and mainte-

The plants of the genus Bulbophyllum have threadlike, fibrous roots that creep over the surface of trees,
rocks or hang from branches. The stem is divided
into rhizomes and pseudobulbs. There are usually only one or two leaves present at the top of thepseudobulb. The thin sections of root, pseudobulb and leaf were stained and observed under thecompound microscope and cell dimensions measured with the help of a scanning electron microscope. Internal features such as cuticles, epidermal
layers, cortex, endodermis and thickening levels ofwater storage cells in roots of B. fimbriatum were
examined. Cuticle was developed from 2 to 3 layers of cells provides smooth pattern. Epidermis is
uniseriate and developed from elongated/polygonal cells. The progressive correlation was found between root area and cortex thickness (16 to 21 layersof mesophyll cells). The arrangement of vascularbundles is radial in shape with 9 to 11 arch surrounded by bundle sheath cells. Size of the vascular bundles was found to be expanded towards pith of B.
fimbriatum. The pholems are found to be coveredby sclerenchymatous cells, while the xylem is covered by parenchymatous cells. The velamen tissues
are developed from elongated cells. The variationin epidermal layers, endodermis, thickening level ofstorage cells and developmental pattern of vascular bundles observed in the present study showedwide range of xerophytic adaptaion in B. fimbriatu.
These anatomical features will be helpful for taxonomic identification of Bulbophyllum species.

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P.0994 Advances in theunderstanding of thephylogenetic relationships
and diversification patternsof the genus Epidendrum

P.0995 Orchidaceae in
Ipanema National Forest,
Iperó, São Paulo, Brazil
Fiorella F. Mazine1, Alexandre S. Medeiros1,
Lina P. Cinosi1, Carlos H. C. Martins1, André
Guilherme1

Liza M. Linares Rosales1, Gerardo
A. Salazar Chávez2, Eric Hágsater
Gartenberg3, Eder Chilquillo Torres1, Lidia
I. Cabrera Martínez2, José D. Édquen
Oblitas4, Jessy P. Arista Bustamante4

1 Herbário SORO, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil.

1 Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. 2 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Ciudad de México, México. 3 Herbario AMO, Instituto
Chinoin, A.C., Ciudad de México, México. 4 Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza deAmazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú.
Epidendrum is the largest genus of orchids in the Neotropics, comprising approximately 2,400 species withremarkable morphological diversity and wide distribution (from North Carolina in the United States to Argentina), thriving in a variety of habitats from sea level tohigh Andean environments at 4,200 meters above sea
level. It represents a significant biological model for investigating evolutionary diversification in species-richlineages. The intrageneric classification and elucidationof its evolutionary history are still ongoing tasks. In thisstudy, for the first time, an exploration of the phylogenetic relationships of 105 Epidendrum species was conducted, with an emphasis on Andean taxa, analyzing
DNA sequences of the Internal transcribed spacers of
the ribosomal DNA (ITS) using Maximum Likelihood andBayesian Inference criteria with the GTR+I+G nucleotide
substitution model, obtaining terminal supports greater than 0.92 in 91% of cases. The resulting phylogenetic relationships recover species associations (clades)that coincide with several groups recognized based onmorphology sensu Hágsater, including Schistochilum,
Anceps, Geminiflorum, Spathiger, Oerstedella, Aquaticum, and Difforme, as well as others ungrouped due
to taxonomic sampling biases. An analysis of distribution areas using a Bayesian Binary MCMC method forancestral states (BMM) infers that the ancestral distribution would be located in the northern Andes, from
where centripetal dispersion originated, with a derived
South American diversification and a significant diversification event towards Central America. These hypotheses generated from a nuclear marker can be contrasted with ongoing studies analyzing markers of theplastid genome.

The Ipanema National Forest (FLONA Ipanema) is
a Federal Protect Area (PA) for Sustainable Use,with 5,179.93 ha, located in the Brazilian state ofSão Paulo, especially in the municipality of Iperó.
Designed for the preservation and conservation ofarchaeological and historical heritage, the PA has
rich biodiversity, with important areas of Seasonal
Forest and Cerrado. Naturalists in the 19th century
visited Ipanema region, including Auguste SaintHilaire, Carl von Martius, Friedrich Sellow and Ludwig Riedel. The main objective of this study was tosurvey the Orchidaceae species of FLONA Ipanema, offering data that will contribute to the management and conservation of the species. The
work aimed to produce a list of species, as well asa species identification key and plates with photosof plants in the field. The species survey involved:1) bibliographic survey, 2) consultation of the main
herbaria with species collected in the area and 3)
collection of material in the field. The collected materials were identified based on taxonomic keys,
consultations with herbaria, specialized literatureand consultation with specialists. To illustrate thespecies, plates of photographs taken in the field
and of herbaria specimens were prepared. Orchidaceae is represented in Brazil by 2,666 species,of which 1,493 are endemic. In FLONA Ipanema thefamily is represented by 15 species, circumscribedin 12 genera: Aspidogyne (1 species), Bulbophyllum(1), Capanemia (1), Cyclopogon (2), Cyrtopodium(1), Epidendrum (2), Maxillaria (1), Oeceoclades(1), Phymatidium (1), Prescottia (2), Trichocentrum(1) and Vanilla (1). Among these species, nine are
epiphytes, five terrestrial, one rupicolous and one
hemiepiphyte. It is worth noting that nine species
have not yet been evaluated for their conservation
status and Aspidogyne kuczynskii (Porsch) Garay
had its last collection in the area in 1905, with Ipanema being the type locality of the species.
Acknowledgments: CAPES, CNPq, FAPESP.

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P.0996 Floral card
specimens for the study ofAustralian terrestrial orchids

P.0997 The Orchid Flora of
Bahia, Brazil: an outstanding
diversity in a habitat-rich
state

Andrew E. McDougall1

Denis Nunes de Carvalho1, Thiago E. C.
Meneguzzo2, 3, 4, Cássio van den Berg1

1 The Faculty of Sciences, Engineering, And Technology, The University of Adelaide. Australia.
Australia boasts a rich orchid flora, with close to
2,000 species, predominantly terrestrial. During asignificant period of taxonomic activity in Australian terrestrial orchids (1985—2006), the focus fordiagnostic features became increasingly minute.
For the Caladenia R.Br. genus, the character statesof tepaline osmophore cell configuration and number require microscope aid for determination. Unfortunately, sub-optimal collection and preservation practices prevailed during this time, including
inadequate pressing methods. As a result, many
specimens were poorly presented on sheets, evenaffecting some type specimens intended for naming purposes. Consequently, numerous diagnostic
characters are not visible on these sheets. I adopted of a method involving dissection and preservation of orchid flowers on cards, initially proposed
during the aforementioned taxonomic period. In
this approach, the collection process starts by documenting the plant’s location and capturing digital
photographs of it in its natural habitat. The flower
stem is then tagged with an identification marker
before being cut and placed in a cool container.
In the laboratory, detailed drawings and micrographs are produced, and the flower is dissected.
The dissected segments are then affixed to sections of transparent acid-free archival tape, which
are in turn attached to A5-sized acid-free rag-linen
cards for preservation. Utilizing this method in ourreview of Caladenia patersonii R.Br. species complex in South Australia, along with digital photography, ensured preservation and measurement of
diagnostic characters. I extended this method toother selected monocotyledonous geophytes, including Arthropodium R.Br., Thysanotus R.Br., andCalostemma R.Br., spp. The adopted method successfully preserves floral segments, with colours
and diagnostic characters well-maintained andvisible on the cards, facilitating easy microscopic examination. This technique ensures accurate
and comprehensive documentation of orchid species and other unrelated monocotyledonous geophytes.

1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Biologia, Bahia, Brazil. 2 Instituto de
Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil. 3 Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro,
Departamento de Botânica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4
Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Botânica, Brasilia, Brazil.
In our updated checklist of Orchidaceae of the state
Bahia, Brazil, we enumerate 518 species (spp.), 4 subspecies, 2 varieties. Of those, 62 new occurrences at
specific and nothospecific level are new occurrences.
A total of 66 (~13%) out of the 518 specific, infraspecific, and nothospecific taxa are endemic to Bahia, which
includes the monotypic Adamantinia and Thelyschista.
The most diverse genera are Habenaria (~50 spp.), Epidendrum (~40 spp.), and Gomesa (23 spp.). The genera with more endemics are Cattleya (10 spp.), Encyclia(5 spp.), and Gomesa (4 spp.). In the latest checklist by
the Brazil Flora Group (2020; doi: 10.1002/tax.12640) 540
orchid species were listed for Bahia, but herein we accept about 100 less species names due to synonymizations, misidentifications, and names without voucher
specimens. A study of the Bahian orchid specimens
shows that most of the collections coincide with areasthat are the most species-rich ones, being the Atlantic
Rainforest followed by Caatinga, the ecotone Caatinga-Atlantic Rain Forest, and the Cerrado. This can also
be explained by the niche and habitat variation as aconsequence of different kinds of soils, terrains, and altitudinal range. The most diverse and collected areasof the phytogeographic domain Atlantic Rainforest
are along the coast, in the areas surrounding the state
capital of Salvador (northern) and the Ilhéus (southern).
For the Caatinga domain they are mostly concentrated
in the Chapada Diamantina mountain range, a montane elevated area among the drylands. The third mostcollected and species-rich area is ecotone in the Serrada Jiboia (northeastern). The western region of the Cerrado is marginal to this domain has very few collections
and diversity, which is explained by being an under collected area that has been deforested for agriculture,despite the fact that the central areas of the Cerrados
are considered a global hotspot.

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P.0997 The orchid floraof Brazil: a challenging
ongoing taxonomic
monograph in a
megadiverse country

newly found heterotypic synonyms, workable longlength keys plus short descriptions that encompasses morphological diagnosable features

P.0999 The evolutionary
origins of Orchidaceae
in the Caribbean Islands
hotspot

Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo1, 2, 3, Cássio van
den Berg4
1 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Museu Nacional,
Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Botânica, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil. 3 Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Botânica, Brasilia, Brazil. 4 Universidade
Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de
Biologia, Bahia, Brazil.
Orchidaceae is one of the three most species-richplant families of the world. In Brazil it is the second
more rich (Flora e Funga do Brasil, reflora.jbrj.gov.br,
14 February 2024) after Fabaceae (212 genera, 2,877
species, 681 infraspecies) and followed by Poaceae (176 genera, 1,300 species, 93 infraspecies). Orchidaceae is represented in Brazil by 204 genera,
2,342 species, and 36 infraspecies when accounted
only to native taxa. The endemic orchid taxa are 23
genera (~11% of total), 1,493 species (~64%), and 32
infraspecies (~89%). Nearly all the occurring genera
are restricted to the Neotropics or adjacent regions,
except by the pantropical Bulbophyllum, Corymborkis, Eulophia, Liparis, Malaxis, Tropidia, and Vanilla.
The most species-rich area is the Atlantic Rainforest with 145 genera (~71% of the Brazilian taxa; 13 endemic), 1378 species (~36%; 851), and 16 infraspecies(50%; 6), with the of the Southeast region considered a biodiversity hotspot (5 genera, 410 species,
2 infraspecies endemic). The richness in absolute
numbers is followed by the phytogeographic domains Amazon Rainforest (133 genera, 779 species,
8 infraspecies), Cerrado (109 genera, 636 species,
20 infraspecies), Caatinga (49 genera, 144 species,
3 infraspecies), Pampa (31 genera, 78 species), andPantanal (3 genera, 4 species). We speculate that
the Caatinga and Pantanal are underrepresented incollections which is likely caused by undercollection,difficulties on finding specimens in field in strongly
seasonally marked areas, and proper study of thealready collected specimens. Many challenges are
faced on monographing such a rich family, e.g.,names only known from the type specimen, accessto type specimens, access to specimens deposited
at small collections, undercollected areas, proper
knowledge of some species morphological variation
along its distribution range, increasing number ofCharlotte Phillips1, 2, Natalia A. S.
Przelomska1, 2, Betsaida Cabrera3, Olivia
Fitzpatrick2, Frank Schubert1, Steven
Dodsworth1, Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar2
1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK. 2 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK. 3 Jardín Botánico
Rafael Maria Moscoso, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
The Caribbean Islands hotspot hosts 4.3% of all vascular plant biodiversity on Earth yet covers only 0.2%of the land area. The region is also highly threatened with biodiversity loss as less than 10% of the
primary vegetation remains in a pristine state, andtogether with high species diversity this is why thearea is considered a hotspot. Despite the known
high levels of biodiversity, the origin and evolutionof this diversity still remains poorly understood. This
unique study system hosts around 700 species oforchid, making them one of the most diverse plantgroups in the region, both in terms of species richness and endemism. Yet roughly 93% of all Orchidaceae species still require DNA sequencing in order
to be placed within the phylogenetic framework of
the family. We use the Angiosperms-353 target enrichment approach to obtain novel DNA sequences from both field-collected and herbarium tissue.
Maximum likelihood gene trees were reconstructed
and then used to infer a species tree using ASTRAL.
Here, we place over 160 species, 25 of which havenever been sequenced before, and 90 genera, representing a fifth of the Hotspot’s orchid diversity. We
present an updated framework with particular focus
on the Caribbean Islands Hotspot, with insights into
the origins and diversification times of Caribbean
Orchidaceae. Wider sampling of unplaced taxa, especially monotypic clades is needed for better representation of the orchid tree of life. Understanding
migration and dispersal patterns of these taxa will
give further insight into the source of Caribbean orchid diversity, and the drivers of high levels of endemism and species richness. Furthermore, the frame-

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work produced here can now be used to address
wider issues such as taxonomic inflation, accelerating the identification of species through barcoding,and understanding natural extinction patterns in atime of human-driven mass extinction.

S.114. MICROMORPHOLOGY AND PALYNOLOGY
OF MAJOR INDIAN POLYGONACEAE: IDENTITY
AND INTERRELATIONSHIP
P.1000 Micro-morphology
and palynology of major
Indian Polygonaceae:
identity andinterrelationship
Monoranjan Chowdhury1, PayelPaul2
1 Professor, Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics
Lab. Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India. mchowdhury@nbu.ac.in. 2
Assistant Professor, North Bengal St. Xavier’s College, Rajganj, Jalpaiguri, India. payelbot@nbu.ac.in.
The family Polygonaceae comprises a group of
flowering plants integrated in the order Polygonales in the Magnoliophyta of the kingdom Plantae
and is prevalent in temperate regions of the world.
They have an extensive array of distribution in India
stretching from the coastal plains to the subtropical, temperate to sub alpine regions of Himalaya.
Present study aims to study 34 taxa of seven genera, Antigonon Endl., Bistorta Adans., Fagopyrum Mill.,
Fallopia Adans., Persicaria Mill., Polygonum L., Rheum
L. and Rumex L. of Indian origin. Accurate species
level identification and to understand their interrelationship comprehensive qualitative and quantitative investigation of Leaf architecture, stomata,trichomes and detailed pollen morphology using
both light microscope (LM) and scanning electron
microscope (SEM). The variable epidermal cells, six
different stomatal patterns, among the trichomesvariation especially peltate, capitate spheroidal
and stellate types of glandular trichomes were observed. Pollen morphological attributes including
aperture number, pollen shape, size in polar andequatorial view, colpi length, exine thickness havebeen observed. Based on aperture type and exine sculpturing pattern in SEM, 3 main pollen types
and 12 subtypes have been identified. Pollen grains
were recorded monad, isopolar and radiosymmet-

ric type. Pantoporate, tricolpate, tricolporate aperture type and exine ornamentation appears to bevaluable and unique characters were found useful
tool for the delimitation and differentiation of closely
related taxa. The studied characters under LM andSEM were further statistically analyzed through ANOVA, PCA, Pearson Correlation Matrix to understandthe interrelationship among the taxa. The analyzed
characteristics attributes have systematic value,as they are constant at specific and generic level
therefore much helpful in species level identification
and understanding of their interrelationship.

P.1001 Comparative studyof the leaf epidermis
characteristics andmicromorphology in speciesof Sorbus L. (Rosaceae)
from Bulgaria
Tsveta Ganeva1, Krassimira Uzunova1
1 Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment
Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria.
The structure and micromorphology of the leaf epidermis of Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz, S. chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz, S. domestica L., S. aucuparia L. and S.
torminalis (L.) Crantz from Bulgaria were studied bylight and scanning electron microscopy. The leavesof S. aria had smooth cuticle of the upper epidermis
unlike striated one on the lower surface. Also highstomatal and trichomes densities were counted. S.
chamaemespilus had the largest epidermal cellsof the lower epidermis and the lowest stomatal andtrichomes densities of all studied species. Cyclocytic stomatal type was observed only in S. domestica.
The lower epidermis only of S. aucuparia had distinctive papillae, covered by tubular waxes. S. torminalis had the smallest size of the stomata and high516

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stomatal density. The observed cuticular ornamentation and crystalloid epicuticular waxes on the leaf
surface, combined with the results of the morpho-

metric analyses of the epidermal cells, stomata andtrichomes allow a clear distinction of the species.

S.115. PARADIGM SHIFTS IN FLOWER COLOR
P.1002 Phylogeny andevolution of flower color
polymorphism in thesubfamily Linoideae(Linaceae)

ecological aspects of the subfamily. Our reconstruction constitutes the first scenario to explore theevolution of flower color, leading to new hypotheses
for future research on flax.

Mireya Burgos Hernández1, Alejandra
Villalvazo-Hernández1
1 Department of Botany, Colegio de Postgraduados,
Texcoco, Mexico.
Linoideae is one of the two known subfamilies in
Linaceae and the larger of the two. The taxonomyof the subfamily at the intergeneric and sectional
levels has been questioned over the years. Furthermore, knowledge of the evolution of floral charactersis still incipient. In particular, the evolution of flower
color is still uncertain, despite its ecological importance and being a conspicuous and variable trait inangiosperms. We evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of genera and sections using a Parsimony
Analysis and Bayesian Inference, and the ancestral
states of flower colors were reconstructed based on
S-DIVA model on a phylogenetic tree with branch
lengths proportional to time. Four of the five currently accepted sections were monophyletic (Cathartolinum, Dasylinum, Linum, and Syllinum). The
results suggest reassessing the taxonomic status of
the segregated genera and re-incorporating theminto Linum. We propose to accept the Stellerolinon
section and re-evaluate Linopsis, whose representatives were recovered in three separate clades. Our
results show a close relationship between Linum bienne and L. villarianum with the cultivated flax, L. usitatissimum, with strong support. Knowing the phylogenetic relationships of this species is essential
to explore the potential use of available resourcesfrom its sister species. The ancestral flower color of
Linoideae was yellow-white. Purple and yellow-whitecolors were recovered in the deep nodes. Meanwhile, the colors pink, blue, and red were the mostrecent to appear. These results seem to be related
to diversification events, biogeographic history, andP.1003 Red flowers differ inshades between pollination
systems and acrosscontinents
Zhe Chen1, Yang Niu1, Chang-Qiu Liu2,
Hang Sun1
1 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany,
Kunming, Yunnan, China. 2 Center for Gardens andHorticultural Studies, Guangxi Institute of Botany,
Guilin, Guangxi, China.
Floral colour serves as a pivotal signal in plant–
pollinator interactions. The well-known association between red flowers and bird pollination has
been explained by the ‘bee avoidance’ and ‘bird
attraction’ hypotheses. We reevaluated the two
hypotheses from the perspective of colour perception. We conducted a comprehensive analysis
by collecting reflectance spectra for 130 red flower
species across different continents, categorizingthem based on their pollination systems. Using
colour vision models tailored to bees and birds,
we estimated how these pollinators perceive thefloral colours. Additionally, we examined differences in colour conspicuousness and spectral
properties within and across continents. To delve
deeper into the features of bee-pollinated red
flowers, manipulation experiments were meticulously conducted. Red flowers tend to be pollinated by birds, but rarely by bees. Red flowers exhibit
high conspicuousness to birds and significantly
lower conspicuousness to bees when comparedto other floral colours. Notably, red flowers pollinated by either bees or birds are more conspicuous to their respective pollinators. Furthermore,
New World bird flowers are less conspicuous tobees than their Old World counterparts, attributed

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to differences in the secondary reflectance peak(SP) intensity. Transitioning from high to low SP in
red flowers induces chromatic contrast changes,
more pronounced in reducing bee attraction thanenhancing bird attraction. Manipulation experiments confirm that ultraviolet SP enhances the visual attractiveness of red flowers to bumblebees.
Our study underscores the nuanced differences inshades of red flowers associated with distinct pollination systems. Remarkably, red bird flowers are
more specialized in the New World than in the Old
World. The evolution towards colour specialization
is more likely to result in higher efficiency of bee
avoidance than bird attraction.

P.1004 Reinventing
colour: the evolution oftranscriptional regulation
across origins of betalain
pigmentation

have different regulatory mechanism across origins of betalain biosynthesis. Further research isneeded to characterize the transcriptional regulators of betalain biosynthesis across all origins ofbetalain biosynthesis to fully understand evolutionof novel metabolites through transcriptional networks and regulatory mechanisms that influence
evolution of metabolic pathways.

P.1005 Decoding the colours
of Caryophyllales
G.J.L. Garnett1, M.A. Guerrero Rubio1,
N. Walker-Hale1, H. Sheehan2, S.F.
Brockington1
1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK. 2 Institute of Chemical, Environmental
and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University ofTechnology, Austria.

Jasmina Dzurlic1, Samuel F. Brockington1
1 University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
In the flowering plant lineage of the Caryophyllales,
betalain pigments are specialized metabolites
that replace the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanins that occur in all other land plants. It has recently been shown that the betalain biosynthesis
pathway has evolved multiple times. Convergent
origins of betalain biosynthesis provides a naturalexperiment to study repeated evolution of a metabolic pathway. While the betalain pathway is wellstudied, further investigation into and characterization of the transcriptional network of genes that
regulate betalain biosynthesis is needed to fully
understand the production of betalain pigmentation. Members of the myeloblastosis (MYB), basic
helix-loop-helix (bHLH), WD40 repeat transcription
factor complex (MBW) have been linked to both theregulation of anthocyanin and betalain biosynthesis genes. However, it remains unclear whether
all partners of the MBW complex and/or additional
or different regulators activate genes in the betalain pathway. Here we have investigated how specialized metabolism has evolved by studying transcriptional regulation between origins of betalain
biosynthesis. It is known that BvPAP1 independently
regulates betalain biosynthesis genes in Beta vulgaris in the Amaranthaceae origin. But our results
suggest different origins of betalain biosynthesis

Specialised metabolites are common in plants,
with many of these compounds conferring some
fitness benefit to the individuals that produce
them. My work focusses on two plant specialised
metabolites: anthocyanins and betalains. Together, these pigments are responsible for muchof the red colouration visible in plants. Despite
their similar appearance, there are importantdifferences between these two pigments. Anthocyanins are ubiquitous in plants; contrastingly, betalains are rare, being found only in theorder Caryophyllales where they have evolved
convergently up to four times. Curiously, betalains and anthocyanins are mutually exclusive,
having never been found to co-occur. Somehave attributed this to functional redundancy;
however, the role of betalains in plants is poorly
understood. The replacement of anthocyaninswith betalains in some members of the Caryophyllales could suggest that betalains possess
novel adaptive advantages over anthocyaninsthat favoured their repeated recruitment. My research seeks to better understand the functionalsignificance of betalains, using several interdisciplinary approaches. This knowledge should reveal the extent to which natural selection played
a role in the convergent evolution of betalains. It
is hoped this will improve our understanding of
the evolutionary forces that drive convergence
more generally; in turn helping to answer a fundamental biological question – how repeatable
is evolution?

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P.1006 The Evolution of
camouflage in plants
Yang Niu1, Hang Sun1, Martin Stevens2
1 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan,
China. 2 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universityof Exeter, Penryn, UK.
Like animals, plants also use camouflage as a defensive strategy. In the last decade, several cases of camouflaged alpine plants were found in the Hengduan
Mountains, SW China. Using Corydalis benecincta withleaf color dimorphism, we found that cryptic individuals have higher survivorship than green ones but show
similar photosynthetic performance. With Corydalis
hemidicentra, we found that leaf color diverged among
populations, showing local-adapted camouflage. The
efficacy of camouflage correlates with the damage
rate by caterpillars or Parnassius butterflies. With Fritillaria delavayi, a traditional medicinal herb, we foundthat leaf color divergence and the efficacy of camouflage are associated with the harvest strength by local
people. Camouflaged flowers in F. delavayi are hard tovisually locate by bumblebees, which are pollinated byflies instead. We revealed that there are at least fourcommon camouflage strategies shared by both plants
and animals: crypsis, disruptive coloration, masquerade, and decoration. Plant camouflage exhibits many
commonalities with animals, and this understudied
parallel phenomenon can inform key questions in ecology and evolution.

of attracting animal pollinators by visual and/or chemical hints and by providing a landing site. These cells
contain a central vacuole (CV) filled with anthocyanins,
and numerous small vacuolar compartments, calledvacuolinos, which lack anthocyanins but are involved
in determining cell shape. Proton pumping P- ATPases
acidify vacuolar lumen resulting in reddish colour because of the high protonation of anthocianins. The
inactivation of this pump results in blue petals due tohigher vacuolar pH and consequent lower protonationof anthocyanins. While anthocyanins are responsible
for reddish/blue colours, other pigments can contribute to produce a further range of shade from yellow toorange, as carotenoids. The aim of our research is tounderstand, in Petunia, whether the acquisition of carotenoid accumulation in petals affects the genesisof organelles devoted to their storage (chromoplasts)
and results in new colours due to the coexistence ofchromoplasts and vacuolinos in the same cell. Flowers
at anthesis were collected from lines accumulating anthocyanins, carotenoids, or none of the two. Small portions of petals were embedded in epoxy resin. Semithin
and thin sections of these samples were observed inlight and electron microscopy, respectively, to identify
the presence of vacuolinos and chromoplasts and tocompare cell shape. First observations revealed thepresence of numerous plastids only in yellow (carotenoid rich) flowers; no plastids were observed in whiteflowers. Vacuolinos are instead present only in purple
flower. We are currently analysing some genotypes withbrown flowers, which accumulate both pigments, tofind out whether these have both plastids and vacuolinos, and to elucidate how and if they affect each otherby, for instance, determining the localisation in the cell.

P.1007 Carotenoids andanthocyanins: effect on
Petunia flower colour andcell shape

P.1008 Anigozanthos:Kangaroo paw of a different
color

Martina Cerri1, Eleonore Cinti1, Francesca
Quattrocchio2, Ronald Koes2, Tijs Bliek2,
Lara Reale1

1 Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Cameron A. Stern1

1 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. 2 Department of Plant Development and Genetic, SILS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
Petunia flower colour is useful to understand the protein
trafficking pathway in petal epidermal cells. Cells in theepidermis of flower petals have also the important role

Anigozanthos (kangaroo paw) is a genus of flowering plants native to Western Australia (WA). The
genus consists of 11 species and 19 subspecies.
Like many species native to the area, kangaroo
paw plants are well adapted to the arid and fireprone climate. Understanding their evolutionary history, as well as their functionally adaptive
traits, will help provide insight into their ability for
future adaptation to a changing climate and how
they can best be conserved. Flower color is a key

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phenotype shown to be an adaptive trait in many
species and is considered relatively simple forgenetic and biochemical analysis. Color is alsoa very important trait for the horticulture industry. The recent development of a blue-flowered
kangaroo paw by Kings Park and Botanic Gardens has led to increased interest in understanding the genetic architecture of these uniquely
colored flowers while providing the necessaryplant populations to further the goals of boththe public and private sector. To understand thebiochemical variability of floral pigments in Anigozanthos, we collected over 200 flower samples
representing each of the species and subspecies from across WA. Additionally, an F2 mapping
population from the same genetic backgroundas the original blue kangaroo paw was sampled.
Both wild and cultivated samples are undergoing
quantitative phenotypic and biochemical analysis (HPLC-MS) to get a clear picture of the floral pigments present in the genus and whether
phenotypically similar colors are determined by
the same pigments. HPLC-MS is also being done
to characterize the pigments responsible for blue
flowers. The genes contributing to this novel blue
color will be mapped using reduced-representation genome sequencing of the F2 population.
The results of this project will aid future breeding
and conservation efforts of kangaroo paw andmay provide a road map to conserving other native WA species.

biochemical analyses. We have quantified thefrequency of UV patterning across the California
flora. In addition, we reveal the relative contributions of anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other rarer pigments to the coloring of the California flora.
We compare the distribution of flower colors inlight of their habitat, background coloration, lightenvironment, elevation, conspicuousness to pollinators, and other factors. Preliminary results reveal the near absence of yellow flowers in forest
shade, an excess of UV absorbing flowers in sanddune backgrounds, widespread floral blushing,
the biochemistry of hummingbird red flowers,
and many more exciting patterns. Overall, examining flower color on a floristic scale from multiple perspectives has led to several discoveries inflower color ecology and evolution.

P.1009 Coloring theCalifornia Flora
Justen B. Whittall1, Victor Rossi1, Katie
Conrad1, Joey Hernandez-Mena1, Melissa
Ospero Leon2, Eduardo Narbona2
1 Department of Biology, Santa Clara University,
California, USA. 2 Department of Molecular Biology
and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
Flower color variation is a hallmark of angiosperm diversity. However, the majority of our understanding of flower color ecology and evolution comes from a few, select species. Evaluating
the roles of pollinators and non-pollinator agentsof selection on flower color requires sampling on
a much broader, floristic scale. Herein, we report
the flower colors of over 500 species of California
native plants. Color was quantified by combining
UV & Vis digital images, reflectance spectra, and520

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S.116. PATTERNS AND PROCESSES DRIVING
CLIFF PLANT COMMUNITIES: APPROACHES FOR
THE CONSERVATION OF ENDEMIC CLIFF FLORA
P.1010 Reticulate evolution
in Western Mediterranean
populations of Pinguicula
species (Lentibulariaceae)
based on genomic analyses
Guillaume Besnard1, Mario Martínez
Azorín2, Evgeny Mavrodiev3, María Ángeles
Alonso Vargas2, Manuel B. Crespo2, José
Manuel Segura4, Leonardo Gutiérrez5
1 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
2 University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain. 3 Florida
Museum of Natural History, University of Florida,
Gainesville, USA. 4 Urbanización Jardines del Edén,
Ogíjares, Granada, Spain. 5 Junta de Andalucía,
Sevilla, Spain.
Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) comprises ca. 100 species, mostly with Holarctic and Neotropical distributions. The genus includes many narrow endemics,
mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. Today, thirteen
species (eight being narrow endemics) occur in the
Iberian Peninsula, and one is endemic to the moroccan Rif mountains. Genomic analyses of organellar
DNA sequences based on genome skims (low coverage sequencing data) were generated on 15 Iberian
and North African accessions of taxa of Pinguicula.
On each sample, we reconstructed a plastome and anearly complete nuclear ribosomal cluster. The phylogenetic analyses show some incongruences between
data sets. A population growing with P. grandiflora inwestern Sierra Nevada (provisionally named ‘P. pallidescens’) shows intermediate morphology between
the former and the narrow endemic P. nevadensis,
which points out to a recent hybrid origin and is congruent with nrDNA analyses. However, plastome results
relate ‘P. pallidescens’ to P. grandiflora plus the central
Iberian P. casperiana, being the relationships to P. nevadensis weaker. Regarding P. submediterranea from
Sierra de Cazorla, nrDNA analyses show two ribotypes,
one approaching the southern Iberian P. tejedensis
and the other to the riffean endemic P. fontiqueriana,
this again supporting ancestral hybridization origin.
Conversely, plastome analyses recover P. submediter-

ranea closer to the clade P. tejedensis-P. mundii, with
distant connections to P. fontiqueriana. Considering P.
casperiana, plastome analyses show two populations
included in a clade merging P. dertosensis and P. vulgaris, all restricted to the Iberian Mountains. Whereas,
nrDNA analyses recover one sample related to P. fontiqueriana, P. vulgaris and P. dertosensis and the other as sister to P. grandiflora plus P. pallidescens. Our
results evidence a reticulate evolutionary pattern of
the Western Mediterranean species of Pinguicula, withpossible explanations on allopolyploidy and lineage
exchange.

P.1011 Conservation status
and threats of the Atlantic
willow formations of theAsperillo cliff (Doñana,Huelva)Juan M. Chaparro1*, Pablo J. Hidalgo2,
José Antonio Adame1, Cristina PérezCarral3, Nuria Montiel2 , Irene Herrera2
1 National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Huelva, Spain. 2 University of Huelva, Dpt. Ciencias Integradas, Huelva, Spain. 3 University of Huelva, Dpt.
Ciencias Agroforestales. Huelva, Spain.
The Atlantic willow formations are coastal habitatsof community interest in Andalusia (Spain). This typeof community is present in the Asperillo cliff, from
Mazagón to Matalascañas (Huelva), where we canfind some Atlantic ravines and seepage from thephreatic layer that harbour a rich and interesting riparian flora in an environment where it is not usual.
Climate change and the overexploitation of the aquifer in the Doñana Natural Area, could lead to the disappearance of these unique endangered formations
within a few decades. The diagnostic species was thegrey willow (Salix atrocinerea), which grew abundantly
along the Atlantic Ocean coast until it began its decline. In this study, the residual presence of this uniquespecies on the cliff front has been assessed in order toobtain a detailed mapping for its evaluation. Further-521

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more, other species of interest and invasive alien species have also been recorded. For this purpose, during
a period of one month (September 2022) weekly samplings were carried out along the 24 km of coastline of
the study area. The analysis was conducted with themost recent false-colour infrared orthophotography.
Drone flies (DJI P4 Multispectral) were used to update
the digital cartography or the most difficult areas toaccess. During the field work, polygons of each species were carried out. In order to get more accurate
results, the polygons were reviewed with ArcGIS Pro.
The results obtained were 421 polygons with an areaof 9.46 hectares and showing an alarming decline.
The current decline in grey willow cover is 42 % of thearea compared to the expected potential area, andthe sum of invasive alien species dominates 34.5 % of
the sampled area. This study aims to highlight the importance of this community and to take measures toprotect or restore it.

success and survival. Our phenomorphological studyof P. crassifolia populations combined the analysis ofplant phenology with the assessment of morphological changes over time, thus characterizing the phenological cycle, morphology, growth and longevity fortwo populations separated from more than 1000 m inheight within the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National
Park, Spain. The work is part of the PRIOCONEX project
for the development of strategies and criteria for theconservation of endemic, rare or vulnerable plants.
We contributed to this task documenting differencesin the development and phenology of populations under very contrasting environmental conditions, whichshow marked differences in growth rates, longevity,
reproduction and phenological activity in response to
the environment. Our results support the idea that rockplants benefit from high plasticity to compensate forniche limitation.

P.1013 Rupicolous
communities of thesoutheastern end of Sierrade Gádor (Almería, Spain):analysis of an unusual
richness

P.1012 Phenomorphology
and growth patterns ofPetrocoptis crassifolia Rouy
growing at the edges ofan altitudinal gradient in
Ordesa and Monte Perdido
National Park, Northeast
Spain.

Francisco J. Pérez García1, Encarna Merlo1,
Fabián Martínez Hernández1, Antonio J.
Mendoza Fernández1, Esteban Salmerón
Sánchez1, Juan F. Mota Poveda1

Maite Gonzalez1, Sara Palacio1, Pablo
Tejero2,3

1 University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.

1 Biodiversity and Conservation Department, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology-CSIC, Zaragoza & Jaca,
Spain. 2 Herbarium of Jaca, Pyrenean Institute of
Ecology-CSIC, Zaragoza & Jaca, Spain. 3 Botany
Department, Aranzadi Science Society, San Sebastián, Spain.
In the current context of global change, it is essential tounderstand the adaptive capacity and plasticity of alpine rock plants to develop appropriate conservation
strategies. Petrocoptis crassifolia Rouy is a rupicolous
endemism of the central Pyrenees. The phenotypic
plasticity of the species seems to determine the capacity of populations to adjust to varying conditions
in water availability and temperature of the environment in which they are established. It is possible thatphenological events in the populations are determining growth rates and longevity, as well as various
morphological adaptations related to reproductive

Sierra de Gádor has been recognized as one of
the most important areas for the conservation of
Spanish flora. Contributing to this is the presenceof several endemic and/or rare plant species thatlive in rocky habitats. To evaluate the diversity offlora and vegetation, 69 relevés was carried out
in all rocky environments. The surveys were located at the SE end of Sierra de Gádor, close to thecity of Almería, under a semi-arid Mediterranean
climate. Six rupicolous plant communities could
be differentiated: a) com. of Hypericum hispanicum (calcarenites rocky outcrops, “lastras”); b)
com. of Sonchus pustulatus (rocks near the sea
in shade but sheltered from sea-breezes); c)com. of Teucrium intricatum and T. rotundifolium (calcareous walls, more rarely dolomitic); d)com. of Pallenis marítima, Crithmum maritimum
and halophile taxa (sea cliffs and saline calcare-522

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ous schists); e) com. of Sarcocapnos enearphylla (little caves and calcareous overhangs, more
rarely dolomitic); f) com. of Launaea lanifera
and thyme-scrubland species colonizing rocky
outcrops. The first two are the most dissimilar to
the rest, precisely those that are not describedin the phytosociological bibliography. There is an
important floristic value: 126 taxa were recorded.
Among those that stand out are nine that havebeen classified in some risk category. Highlighting
Hypericum hispanicum (EN) and Sonchus pustulatus (CR). These results show an unusual rich-ness for a small area. This richness is attributableto environmental heterogeneity, which is due to agreat environmental diversity, from three pointsof view: geological (limestone - with and without
caliche crust -, calcarenites, dolomites, calcareous schists and phyllites); geomorphological(walls, little caves, overhangs and “lastras”) andmicroclimatic (sunny/shady positioning and exposed/protected from sea-breezes). Althoughrock environments are considered less affectedby human activities, the presence of a large city
next to these communities poses a great risk.

S.117. PERSPECTIVES ON PLANT BIOME
TURNOVER IN AN ERA OF MASSIVE DATA AND
NEW METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
P.1014 Development ofefficient breeding methods
for fruit trees using
genomics and image
analysis: application inapple and citrus
Mai Minamikawa1, Miyuki Kunihisa2, Shigeki
Moriya3, Keisuke Nonaka4, Tokurou Shimizu4,
Minoru Inamori5, Hiroyoshi Iwata5
1 Institute for Advanced Academic Research,
Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. 2 Institute of Fruit
Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture andFood Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan. 3
Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Iwate, Japan. 4 Institute of Fruit Tree and
Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shizuoka, Japan. 5 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
The University of Tokyo, Japan. Genomics-based
approaches, such as genomic selection (GS)and genome-wide association studies (GWAS),
have paved the way for the efficient breeding ofplants, especially perennial fruit trees. As new genotyping platforms are developed, genotyping
data from different genotyping platforms need
to be combined for GS and GWAS. We assessed
the potential of GS and GWAS for fruit traits us-

ing the combined apple datasets from the different genotyping systems. The accuracy of genomic prediction (GP) and the detection powerof GWAS were increased for most fruit-quality
traits of apples when using the combined data.
To further improve the accuracy of GP and GWAS
for practical breeding, we need to increase thenumber and quality of phenotypic data. We developed a method to automatically measure themorphological features of citrus fruits by the image analysis of citrus fruits. Then, we evaluatedthe accuracy of GP and the detection power of
GWAS using the fruit morphological features. The
high GP accuracies and the significant associations were detected in several morphologicalfeatures. These results suggest that marker genotype integration and fruit morphological features obtained from image analysis are usefulfor GS and GWAS.

P.1015 Patterns and driversof beta diversity in theforests and savannas ofAfrica.

523

Mathew Rees1,2, John L. Godlee1, David J.
Harris2, Casey M. Ryan1, Kyle G. Dexter1,2
1 University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK.

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Understanding what drives the differences within and between biomes is crucial to predict how
plant communities will react to disturbance andclimate change. In Africa, savannas remain understudied relative to forests, despite their important roles for storing carbon and sustaining
livelihoods. Here, using biome information forover 3200 species, we divide patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity between
forests and savannas for continental Africa, using a combination of herbarium specimens andplot data. We find that savannas have on average higher taxonomic and phylogenetic dis-persion than forests. Floristic ordinations reveal
the ancient links between West and South West
Africa for both forests and savannas, whilst the
Cameroon volcanic line appears to be a regionof strong taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover.
Generalized dissimilarity models show that Calcium and Phosphorous are important drivers ofdifferences between forests and savannas. In an
age where tree planting is being promoted as a
viable solution to climate change and woody encroachment is threatening to invade savannas,
our study highlights the importance and uniqueness of savanna diversity in Africa.

S.119. PHYLOGENOMICS AND ADAPTIVEEVOLUTION OF THE WOODY PLANT GENUSRHODODENDRON
P.1016 The character
evolution of thegenus Burmannia(Burmanniaceae)
Supakan Simachai1, Saroj Ruchisansakun1,
Thaya Jenjittikul 1, Nicha Thawara1, Vincent
Merckx2

data. The phylogenies established in BEAST2 forBayesian inference and RaxML for Maximum Likelihood analysis. Subsequently, ancestral states ofsome morphological characters, e.g. the presenceof rosette leaves, the colors of stem, flower shapes,
outer and inner perianth shapes and colors, werereconstructed and mapped onto the phylogenetic
trees using in RStudio.

1 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Thailand. 2 Naturalis Biodiversity
Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Burmannia is a genus primarily mycoheterotrophic plants, with approximately 61 accepted species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.
The interaction between the genus Burmannia
and mycorrhizal fungi has deep roots in their evolutionary history. This fascinating behavior is generally found among all sister genera in the Burmanniaceae family. The goal of this research is tounderstand the evolutions of mycoheterotrophic
lifestyle and morphological shifts on Burmannia
through phylogenetic approach. In this study weconstructed phylogenies for 27 species, including
nine species collected in Thailand and the remaining acquired from GenBank database. Bayesianand Maximum Likelihood trees were generated
based on the DNA data of three sources: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for nuclear
data, and matK and rbcL genes for chloroplast524

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S.120. PHYLOGENOMICS AND EVOLUTION OF
GYMNOSPERM
P.1017 The phylogeny ofextant gymnosperms
poster: a visual overview
of diversity and genus
relationships

P.1018 Application of the
genome skimming method
to investigate diversity andrelationships in the Pinus
mugo complex

James Byng1,2, Ehoarn Bidault3,4, Rogier
van Vugt5, Erik Smets2,6, Mark Chase7,8,Maarten Christenhusz1,8

Joanna Sikora1, Konrad Celiński1

1 TU Delft Hortus Botanicus, Delft, The Netherlands.
2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis,USA. 4 Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. 5 Hortus botanicus Leiden, Leiden, The
Netherlands. 6 KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 7 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 8 Curtin
University, Perth, Australia.
Gymnosperms are widely distributed and commonly encountered plants. Many species canform dominant communities, particularly in theextensive conifer woodlands in the Northern
Hemisphere, but phylogenetic diversity is higher among Southern Hemisphere groups. They
are usually woody, seed-bearing plants differing from the other group of seed plants — angiosperms (flowering plants) — by lacking anovule enclosed in a carpel. Despite being a widely studied group, molecular data frequently uncovers new insights into their relationships. Thereare currently twelve extant families recognised ineight orders following the most recent classification. This poster provides a visual overview of therelationships of all extant gymnosperm families
and genera. It shows current phylogenetic relationships of all extant gymnosperm subclasses,
orders, families and genera following the mostrecent literature. Important characters are listed
for families and all genera are illustrated with 349
images showing the diverse range of vegetativeand reproductive morphology across gymnosperms. It is presented as a comprehensive anduseful educational tool for botanists, ecologists,horticulturists and other relevant fields.

1 Department of Genetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Poznań,Poland.
Species delimitation is an extremely important step inbiological research. However, establishing taxonomic
relationships solely by examining morphological traits
often poses challenges, given issues related to phenotypic flexibility and the absence of distinct morphological features at the species level. The developmentof advanced next-generation sequencing techniques
has revolutionized the rapid study of genetic diversityof entire genomes, greatly facilitating the identificationand designation of plant species. Genome skimmingis based on the generation of multi-copy and highly
repetitive genome sequences, including complete organellar genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) clusters, through shallow genome sequencing.
This allows for a large amount of genomic data to beobtained with relatively low genome coverage and at
a reasonable price. In recent years, the usefulness ofthe genome skimming method in obtaining genomic
data from herbarium samples has been demonstrated and its effectiveness in distinguishing taxonomically complex plant species has been proven. The
Pinus mugo complex consists of closely related pinesof various taxonomic ranks and morphological forms
occurring in peat bogs and mountain areas of Central
and Southern Europe. Numerous studies on the Pinus
mugo complex do not fully explain the mutual relations
between these taxa. The present study used a genome skimming approach to identify genetic diversityand determine taxonomic relationship in closely related taxa of the Pinus mugo complex – Pinus mugo, Pinus uncinata, Pinus uliginosa, Pinus rotundata, Pinus ×rhaetica, from Polish, Czech and German populations,based on the obtained chloroplast and mitochondrial
coding sequences, chloroplast intergenic spacer sequences and the complete nuclear cistron (nrDNA).

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S.121. PHYLOGENOMICS AND SYSTEMATICS OF
LILIACEAE
P.1020 Chromosomal
evolution, environmental
heterogeneity, andimmigration drive spatial
patterns of species richness
in Calochortus
Nisa Karimi1,2, Christopher P. Krieg2,
Daniel Spalink 3, Alan R. Lemmon4, Emily
Moriarty Lemmon5, Evan Eifler2, Adriana
I. Hernández 6, Patricia W. Chan2, Aarón
Rodríguez7, Jacob B. Landis8,9, Susan R.
Strickler 9, Chelsea D. Specht8, Thomas
J. Givnish 2
1 Science and Conservation, Missouri Botanical
Garden, St. Louis, USA. 2 Department of Botany,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA. 3
Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology,
Texas A&M University, Texas, USA. 4 Departmentof Scientific Computing, Florida State University,
Tallahassee, USA. 5 Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.
6 California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 7 Departamento de Botánica y Zoología,
Universidad de la Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco,
Mexico. 8 School of Integrative Plant Science andthe L. H. Bailey Hortorium Herbarium, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA. 9 Boyce Thompson Institutefor Plant Research, Ithaca, USA.

environmental heterogeneity (e.g., elevationaland climatic ranges) and/or base chromosome
numbers, which presumably provides the basis for
immediate reproductive isolation. We test theseideas using the first nuclear phylogeny for the
genus Calochortus based on targeted sequence
capture of hundreds of loci. Results suggest the six
major lineages within Calochortus correspond to
broad geographic areas and have diverged in climate and other environmental conditions. As predicted, the number of species co-occurring locallyincreases with both environmental heterogeneity
and number of chromosomal clades. In addition,
the extent of species overlap in geographic distribution increases with phylogenetic distance,
supporting the idea that local sympatry occurs
after secondary contact following divergence inclimate or fine-scale patterns of habitat distribution. Hotspots of Calochortus diversity – within the
California Floristic Province (CFP) and the mountain ranges of central Mexico – are marked bysubstantial elevational and climatic diversity. The
most diverse regions for Calochortus – in partsof the CFP – correspond to areas where several
clades of differing chromosome numbers overlap
in range, and where substantial topographic relief
provides a wide range of environmental conditions to be partitioned.

Geographic variation in species diversity within a lineage reflects both evolutionary processes(speciation, extinction, geographic spread, selection for reproductive and ecological isolation) andecological processes (e.g., the ability of individual
pairs of competing species to coexist). The number of locally co-occurring species in any given
area should reflect the net rates of species diversification in the lineages found there, the amountof time since divergence, the extent of pre-existing reproductive barriers, and the range of local
environmental conditions that can be partitioned.
The genus Calochortus (~68 spp.) provides an
outstanding opportunity to test these ideas. Here
we investigate whether the number of species
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S.123. PLANT AWARENESS RESEARCH AND
CHALLENGES IN SCHOOL EDUCATION
P.1021 Plant-A-Question:
Promoting environmental
education through a newengaging board game

TION has proven to be an engaging and effective
educational tool with potential for broader adoption. Its contribution to SDGs 13 and 15 underscores
its significance in promoting students’ awareness ofplants, climate change, and sustainable development. Future research should focus on refining thegame and explore its impact across different age
groups and educational settings.

Andrea Fernández-Gutiérrez1, Raquel
Alonso-Redondo2, Aitor ÁlvarezSantacoloma2, Sara del Río González3,
Giovanni B. Ferreiro-Lera2, Norma Y.
Ochoa-Ramos2, Ángel Penas2, Alejandro
González-Pérez2
1 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences. University of Leon,
León, Spain. 2 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and En-vironmental Sciences, University of Leon, León Spain. 3
Department of Biodiversity and Environmental, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, Mountain Livestock Institute CSIC-UNILEON,
León, Spain. agonp@unileon.es; apenm@unileon.es;
gferl@unileon.es; ralor@unileon.es; nochor00@estudiantes.unileon.es; aalvas@unileon.es; anfeg@unileon.es; sriog@unileon.es
The development and implementation of the educational board game PLANT-A-QUESTION aims toaddress the challenge of student engagement inenvironmental sciences while simultaneously contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). Targeting students aged 10 to 17 and extendable to the general public, the game incorporates
principles of active learning, collaborative problem
solving, and thematic content related to biodiversity,
climate change, and botany. The methodology involved a thorough review of the curricular content,
categorization of questions by difficulty levels, andformulation of group participation rules. Expociencia
Unileón events provided a dynamic platform to test
the effectiveness of the game with diverse student
groups. Survey results from 86 participants indicated a positive reception, with the majority expressing
a desire to replay the game and willingness to purchase it for family or social play. The inclusive design of the game, ensuring equal opportunities for
all genders, and its ability to foster teamwork anda holistic understanding of environmental concepts
received highly favorable feedback. PLANT-A-QUES-

P.1022 A “positive-action”
approach to paleoart:
Pleistocene vegetation
landscapes in the
Mediterranean Basin
Gabriela Amorós1, Victoria SánchezGiner1, Ariadna Amorós1, Juan Ochando2,1,
Manuel Munuera3, Juan Manuel JiménezArenas4, Ana Belén Marín-Arroyo5, José
Carrión1
1 University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. 2 Universityof La Sapienza Roma, Italy. 3 University Polytechnic of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain. 4 University ofGranada, Granada, Spain 5. University of Cantabria,
Santander, Spain.
The pictorial representation of past ecosystems has,since its inception, been an activity with a strong
zoocentric bias. We speak of a zoocentrism that historically had deeply permeated the praxis of evolutionary sciences. In everyday reality, an overwhelming majority of works, whether published or displayedin museums or exhibitions, depict the habitat ascontext, ornament, or simply the background of thepainting to position animals in intentionally more
conspicuous perspectives. The details of anatomy
or morphology are sometimes genuine zoologicalstudies. However, plants are occasionally depictedvaguely, leaving the botanist unable to identify the
species or group of species. In other instances, thebotanical record is well-defined but clearly insufficient. Very often, this is the case even when paleobotanical data exist, allowing for a more precise paleoecosystem adjustment. It becomes pertinent to527

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reconsider this zoocentrism in light of the future of
paleoartistic research. Here, we present paleoartistic works for different Pleistocene sites in the Mediterranean basin linked to the presence of Homo.
We reconstruct the plant landscape with attention
to taxonomic and structural components through apaleoecological speculation based on paleobotanical information from the study sites. Regardless of
the aesthetic success of the artistic design and theuncertainties associated with the scientific inquiry
method, we believe that such representations of thepast can contribute to the development of paleobotanical vocations. Simultaneously, they can help
understand the historically contingent serendipity ofeach species or living form, each plant community,and each ecosystem as a result of a set of fortunate circumstances. This perspective can strengthen the conservation impulse in the general public
and, above all, in future generations who will have toconfront challenges of social survival in a scenario
of accelerated environmental change.

P.1023 Ethnobotany asa tool: presentation andevaluation of a gamebased didactic proposal toteach the scientific method
and botanical contents

to analyse the emotions aroused by the activity. This
proposal, tested with primary school prospective
teachers at the University of Extremadura, consists ina game whose main objective is to motivate about
science, understand the scientific method, and learnbotanical contents. First of all, participants were informed that the game, called “Morisk Holmes”, hadalready been used in an previous experience carried out during the Science Week of Extremadurawith students from the “Los Moriscos” High Schoolin Hornachos (Badajoz) with excellent results. Subsequently, the development of the game was explained, highlighting that the game was structured
following the scientific method, based on contents
about aromatic and medicinal plants and the traditional knowledge linked to them. Then, the activity
was carried out, and right at the end, the participants filled in a form to assess the didactic proposal
and explain the emotions they felt. Positive results
were obtained related to content’s acceptance andassessment, methodology and proposal design,both from a didactic and sustainable point of view,
awakening activating emotions such as curiosityand fun, to the detriment of others with a negative
connotation such as rejection.

P.1024 Digital games as a
strategy to reduce botanicalunawareness and value
biodiversity

Lorena Gutiérrez-García1, José BlancoSalas2, Isaac Corbacho-Cuello1, Jesús
Sánchez-Martín1

Juçara Bordin1, Elisa T. Aires1, Vanessa P.
C. Oliveira1, Cassiano R. Oliveira1, Talita
S. Dewes2, Felipe Gonzatti3, Daiana
Maffessoni1, Paulo H. Ott1, Camilo V.
Rebouças4

1 Area of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology. University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. 2 Area of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz,
Spain.
The perception of science by Spanish society clearly needs to be improved, especially when there is a
widespread idea that learning science is boring anddifficult. In addition to this, Botany usually is among
the science subjects one of the least valued by students. Therefore, different approaches and methodologies are being implemented to fight against
the rejection of scientific contents. Moreover, since
the publication of the SDGs, educational methodologies aimed at promoting sustainable education
have been implemented, and ethnobotany has ahigh potential as didactic tool. The objective of thispaper is to evaluate a game as a didactic tool, and1 State University of Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, Brazil. 2 Federal University of Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 3 University of
Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 4 Lastlighthouse Games, São Paulo, Brazil.
Brazil has incredible biodiversity with more than 39
thousand species of plants. However, plant unawareness makes people unable to perceive the presence
and importance of plants in their daily lives. Botanicalunawareness is the result of teachers’ difficulty in addressing plant-related topics due to countless concepts, difficult nomenclature or simply the fact thatplants attract less attention. Furthermore, there are
few resources available for teaching Botany. Aiming toprovide an accessible educational resource of interest

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to students, we developed four digital games with anenvironmental theme through which teachers use ina playful way, raising students’ awareness of environmental issues and reducing botanical unawareness.
The games are available for free on Google Play Store.
Content was carried out through research in literatureand technical visits to specific locations. All games areplayed by the character Laura, who travels throughdifferent environments, knows species and facessome challenges. The species represented have an
informative table with name, general characteristics,
geographic distribution and if endangered. The Jornada Biomas game presents Brazilian terrestrial biomes,
emphasizing the heterogeneity of the landscape dueto the vegetation and presenting endemic and endangered species. Jornada bryophytes Pampa highlights hornworts, liverworts and mosses in the context
of the ecosystems of the Pampa biome. The Jornada
Aratinga aims to promote an important protectednatural area in southern Brazil which is home to endangered species such as Araucaria angustifolia. Jornada Cânions do Sul (in prep.) discloses the natural
aspects of the UNESCO World Geopark Caminhos dos
Cânions do Sul and among the species represented
is Gunnera manicata, distributed in southern Brazil, Africa and Australia. The games can be used in formal
and non-formal education spaces and we intend tosensitize players to develop a new look at plants, perceiving them in the environment and thereby mitigate
botanical unawareness.

P.1025 What’s in yourgreenhouse? The who, what,
where, when and why ofliving plant collections
Hilary S Callahan , Nicholas Gershberg ,Carolyn Dolt1, Jared Meek2, Aneeza Asif1,3,
Tiffany Vo1
11

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, USA. 2 Department of Ecology, Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA. 3
Department of Computer Science, Fu Foundation
School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, USA.

2018, we began comparing its taxonomic inventory tocounterpart collections at 31 other institutions. Analyses were conducted in an undergraduate summer
mentoring program complementing a course in plantsystematics and floristics. Students pursued projectsaligned with personal interests while training in herbarium practice, APG4 classification, and tenets ofopen and reproducible science. Our compilation totalled 16,000+ accessions, 7,366 taxa at the species
level, 2,091 genera, 326 families and 85 orders. A Jenks
natural breaks classification binned collections basedon species-level richness: large (> 1,500, 3 institutions),
medium (~500-1,000, 9 institutions) and small (< 450,
20 institutions). We discerned eight orders and eightfamilies present in all collections, and Euphorbia andTradescantia tied for most ubiquitous genera, missing from two collections. All collections but two had atleast one taxon uniquely held, sometimes at the levelof genus (820), family (63) and order (8), and generally skewing toward institutions with more ambitious
and formal collection management policies and larger holdings. Phylogenetic diversity within each collection and category was, generally, over-dispersed rather than neutral or clumped. To further contextualize
these contemporary education-oriented collections,
we compared them with lists of species displayed in
the Enid Haupt Conservatory at the New York Botanical
Garden and in Harvard’s 19th century Ware Collectionof Blaschka Glass Models of Plants. Next steps include
re-updating Barnard’s inventory and partial re-compilation of 2024 data, to examine trends through timein species gain or loss. We also aim to analyze theseeducational collections relative to the 10 plant-use
categories of the recent report on the Global Distribution of Plants Used By Humans (S. Pironon et al. 2024).

P.1026 Exploring the Wood
Collection of UENF (HUENFw)
as an Informal Learning
Environment in BotanicalCollections

A few North American universities and colleges maintain full-scale botanical gardens with glasshouseconservatories, and many more have greenhouses
supporting diverse living collections, including Barnard College’s Arthur Ross Greenhouse. Beginning in

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Maura Da Cunha1, Camilla R.
Alexandrino1, Gustavo D. Franco1, Amanda
A. Vento1, Amanda S. Victorino1, Gleice K.
C. M. Ferreira1, Cleiton Q. Bastos; Gabriel A.
Ferreira1
1 Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, CBB Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy
Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.

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The informal learning environment encompasses
educational spaces outside the traditional system,
providing a valuable learning experience. A woodcollection records biodiversity and serves as an essential source for species identification and inventory development, acting as a tool for local community outreach. Teaching in botanical collections
is enriching, allowing for a practical and engaging
exploration of plant diversity. This study aims tohighlight the scientific collection of the “Dra. Cecília
Gonçalves Costa” Wood Collection and promote
playful teaching to students, contributing to humanresources development and engaging with diverse
audiences in the region’s municipalities. Our woodcollection, gathered from fieldwork in the North/
Northwest region of Rio de Janeiro and various partsof Brazil, results from the Wood Collection team’s
field efforts (HUENFw), including collaborations withother institutions. The HUENFw houses 903 specimens, utilizing the space as a training center andoffering the workshop “Unveiling the Incredible Worldof Woods” and a booklet on the importance of the
Wood Collection. These resources not only disseminate scientific knowledge and the significance ofspecies preservation but also serve as learning environments and connections between students, theUniversity, and the community. Exhibitions in schools
and public squares expand knowledge while thespace maintains the botanical collection, enhancing understanding of regional tree diversity andcontributing to regional conservation efforts.

gardens (PG) are being implemented almost everywhere. The PG represent opportunities for: 1) being
reservoirs of native wild and ornamental plants into
the urban infrastructure (like schools, streets, parks
and neighborhoods) and 2) for improve ecologicalconditions in the almost inhospitable urban system.
In Mexico, for three years ago, there is a National
Strategy for the Conservation and Sustainable Useof Pollinators (ENCUSP by the acronym in Spanish),and a national record of PG. One of them is theClub-POLI PG, located in the National Polytechnic Institute campus Oaxaca. It has around 70 m2, and it
is surrounded by buildings and conventional green
areas (dominated by grass, bougainvillea, and cypresses). Here, by the collective action of the scholar community, at least 50 native plants are being
harbored, included wild plants, which commonly
were removed during the pruning grass. These wild
plants included some Asclepiadaceae family members, like Asclepia curassavica, A. glaucescens andA. oenotheroides, which are important for butterflies’
species like the monarch endangered, Danaus plexippus. Also, in the Club-POLI PG, the butterfly monitoring exhibited the presence of 50 different species
that egging, eat as larvae and adults, refuge, andadult mating. This study case showed that transition
from conventional green areas to PG in urban areas,
is a fast opportunity for the conservation of plants
and insect-plant interactions, resulting in improve
the social-ecological resilience in school spaces
and better nature appreciation among students.

P.1027 Rethinking
strategies for native plants
conservation in urban areas:
A case in Oaxaca Valley,
MexicoP.1028 Plant awarenessand botanical sense ofplace in biology education
students in Frankfurt/Main(Germany)

Elvira Duran1, Liceth Hernández-Olguín1,
Sandra Idrogo1, Mayra Cerero1

Marilú Huertas de Schneider1, Volker
Wenzel1

1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional (campus CIIDIR-Oaxaca), Oaxaca, Mexico.

1 Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Urban areas concentrate large part of the humanpopulation around the world; here, the infrastructuretransform, diminish or eliminate the original ecosystems and, elements like the native plants (NP). WhenNP reduce their presence a cascade of ecologicalimplications results, mainly in the pollinators impact.
With the global pollinator’s crisis awareness, governmental and citizen strategies for promote pollinator

The concept of Botanical Sense of Place (BSP) was
introduced by Wandersee et al. (2006) to improvestudents’ botanical understanding and prevent thelack of plant awareness, also known as ‘plant blindness’. By the means of a writing template, students’affective and intellectual relationships with plants
were explored. This template includes the writingof small essays about childhood memories andthe selection of biological concepts in association

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with the students’ own BSP. It was intended to be auseful tool to help botany teachers to estimate the
BSP of their students for a further development of
their botany courses. Nevertheless, few data about
the applicability of this template exists. As a part ofschool garden seminars for biology education students, the applicability of this concept was evaluated in 66 students. They responded an expanded
and modified form of this questionnaire. A list of themost minting plants in their childhood, an analysisof students‘ personal reflections regarding plantawareness, and their suggestions to increase it atschool and university education, are presented.
References: Wandersee, J., Clary, R.M, and Guzman
S.M. (2006): A Writing Template for Probing Students’
Botanical Sense of Place. The American Biology
Teacher, 68:7, 419–422.

P.1029 Incorporating naturebased solutions in schools:
evaluation of student
learning, climate adaptationand environmental
awareness.
Raquel Marijuan Cuevas1, Esther San José
Carreras1, José Fermoso Domínguez1,
Miguel A. Vega Ruiz2, Jesús Muñoz2,
Sara Tena Medina3, Miguel Angel Anton
Gamero3
1 CARTIF Technology Centre, Valladolid, Spain. 2
Royal Botanical Garden (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 3
Provincial Government of Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain.
The inclusion of vegetation in schools provides numerous benefits associated to hands-on experiential learning. This approach ranges from plant
identification to an in-depth comprehension of theiruses, evolution, and life cycles. Moreover, it promotes
understanding of the ecosystem services provided by plants, their fundamental role in sustainable
development and environmental preservation. In
particular, the incorporation of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in educational buildings extends theseadvantages, addressing climate change adaptation, enhancing well-being and environmental conditions. However, students are presented with little
plant and innovative systems content, contributing
to our separation from the natural world, ignoranceof the biodiversity crisis and an inability to restore it.

Therefore, it is important to include NbS in schools,
not only for climate adaptation and thermal comfort but also to encourage botanical education andstudents’ knowledge of ecosystem services. Within
the LIFE -my BUILDING is GREEN project, we evaluated the environmental and social impacts resulting
from NbS implementation and related educational
workshops and demonstration activities at Gabriela
Mistral school in Solana de los Barros, Badajoz, Spain.
To assess how NbS influences students’ understanding of ecosystem service provision and their comfort
perception, we conducted surveys in the initial andfinal stages of the project. Additionally, to complement the information collected from the surveys, wemeasured the impact of NbS on indoor, outdoor andsurface temperatures, and local biodiversity, comparing pre- and post-implementation conditions.
Survey results indicate an enhancement in students’awareness of NbS benefits throughout the Project,coupled with an improvement in thermal comfort
perception. Temperature measurements confirm
a reduction in both indoor and surface temperatures within the school and biodiversity samples
showed an increase in the presence of pollinatorsand bio-indicator species. Therefore, NbS proves tobe an effective approach not only for enhancing
ecosystem services in schools but also for fostering
botanical knowledge through active learning basedon experience.

P.1030 Botanical University
Challenge: supporting
botany students throughquizzing
Jonathan Mitchley1
1 University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading Berkshire, UK.
Botanical University Challenge (BUC) was devised in2016 by academic botanists in the UK and has sincegrown into an exciting new way to celebrate plants
and the next generation of botanists and otherplant-aware students. BUC brings together students
in a friendly and fun annual plant-focussed contest
celebrating the diversity of ways to be fascinated byplants. It connects institutions offering plant-related
courses in UK and Ireland and highlights the urgency
to educate future generations in botany and plantscience to meet global needs. The early rounds areheld online and the finals are held live and combinedwith a student botany festival including a range of531

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hands on plant-focused activities, and is offered
free of charge to all student participants thanks tosupport from our dedicated funders. Twenty-eightteams from across the UK and Ireland registered for
BUC 2024, and the early rounds ran online in February 2024 and the live finals will be held at the University of Oxford in August 2024. All the quiz rounds are
livestreamed to our BUC YouTube channel and thevideos of the contest have been viewed by 1000’s ofpeople in more than 30 countries around the world.
BUC has stimulated similar approaches in Spain,
Switzerland and the USA and we will present a shortonline questionnaire to explore the options and potential for rolling the BUC model out more widely anddeveloping an international BUC.

P.1031 Lichen blindness –is traditional knowledge
reflected in recordings ofthe citizen science? Case of
Lithuania

ly reflected traditional knowledge. There are 17,557
observations of lichens (Lecanoromycetes, Lichinomycetes, Arthoniomycetes and Verrucariales) by
1,099 observers (of the total 368,567 observations
and 7,453 observers). Macrofungi (Agaricomycotina) are represented by 27,583 observations and1,864 observers. X. parietina is the most recognised
and most observed lichen species in Lithuania (1,358
observations, 536 observers), while C. islandica(163 observations, 82 observers) and C. rangiferina(150 observations, 87 observers) do not even rank
among the most observed lichens. The reasons forthe differences between traditional knowledge andcitizen science recording are: 1) the age of the respondents/observers; 2) the areas where the lichens
are observed/sighted; 3) the purposes for which thespecies are observed or recognised.

P.1032 Promoting plantawareness and educational
self-regulation inundergraduate students ofPharmacy

Jurga Motiejūnaitė1, Vita Džekčioriūtė2,
Reda iršėnaitė1

Lourdes Rufo1

1 Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania. 2 Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, Vilnius,
Lithuania.
In temperate regions of Europe, lichens are little
used and therefore little recognised in the traditional knowledge. While investigating the traditional
knowledge of macrofungi in Lithuania, we have included three photos of common lichens (Cetraria
islandica, Cladonia rangiferina and Xanthoria parietina) along with 50 photos of macrofungi. Of the 103
respondents, 15 said they had never seen any of thelichens shown and did not know what to call them;three recognised at least one species but did notknow what it was; 85 knew at least one species andhad a traditional name for it (usually a generalised
and taxonomically incorrect one, e.g., mosses). C.islandica and C. rangiferina were better recognised
than X. parietina. The former two species were also
traditionally used (19 and 27 respondents identified
the uses of C. islandica and C. rangiferina, respectively). The word ‘lichen’ was used by 14 respondents
to refer to non-lichenised bracket fungi (e.g. Fomes
fomentarius). In contrast to lichens, there were no
respondents who did not identify and name (at species level) at least a few mushrooms. Meanwhile, thecitizen science records (iNaturalist.org) only partial-

1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
At present, there is no degree in Spain specifically
aimed at training future botanists, although botany or plant biology is included in the curricula ofsome university degrees of different types, including
pharmacy. The approach to this discipline may varydepending on the degree, the profile of the graduate and the entry profile. In most cases, botany isconsidered basic and/or compulsory and is usually
included in the first courses. Although the specialization in this science is framed in postgraduate education, the initial approach is of vital importance tosow the interest in this discipline. On the other hand,the student entering university is very different fromthe student of a few decades ago in terms of competencies, acquired knowledge, particular interests,
and vision of reality. Among the peculiarities is their
low capacity for self-regulation, which hinders theirautonomous study and their resilience in the face of
unattained goals. In response to this, an educational
experience has been carried out for three consecutive years with an adaptation of the program of thesubject Plant Biology, of the first year of the degreein Pharmacy, in order to attract students to the dis-532

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cipline based on i) the deep knowledge of plants
as sensitive living organisms; ii) the importance ofknowing and preserving their diversity; iii) the reasons why plants have been, are and will continue tobe medicinal sources. The development of the program is based on the pedagogical methodologyof the flipped classroom to promote the self-regulation of the students. The results indicate that, in
terms of the students’ perception, they improve theirunderstanding of the subject and their interest in it.
The activities carried out, especially those aimed at
thinking about plants as living beings, help the students to increase their level of awareness of plants.

P.1033 Angiosperm diversity
in Miraflores, Colombia, andanalysis of leaf morphology
as teaching strategies in
BotanyEuphorbiaceae (6). Regarding leaf organization, 99
species exhibited simple leaves (Asteraceae 14.28%,
Rubiaceae 8.57%), while six species had compound
leaves (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae 28.56%). Alternatearrangement predominated (53%) over opposite(44%). As a strategy to enhance Botany II teaching
and learning processes, an interactive key for family
identification based on evaluated vegetative characters was developed. Preliminary results suggestthat Miraflores harbors high biological diversity, facilitating the analysis of adaptations to the environment, teaching of the subject, and development ofpedagogical tools to enhance learning and disseminate scientific knowledge.

P.1034 Hands-on botany!
Instructional material forbotanic classes
Aline S. Tajima1, Flora A. G. de Queiros1,
Alessandra I. Coan2

Yessica A. López1. Diana M. Arias 1. Andrea
L. Simbaqueba2, Liliana Rosero2
1 Facultad de Educación. Universidad Pedagógica yTecnológica de Colombia. 2 Facultad de Ciencias
Básicas. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica deColombia.
Floristic diversity refers to the assembly of plant species coexisting in a specific geographic region, while
foliar morphology encompasses the physical andstructural characteristics of leaves. We assessed
floristic diversity and variation in foliar morphology of angiosperm species in the Sub-Andean Forest (1,000-2,500 m) in the municipality of Miraflores,
Boyacá. Sampling was conducted during both dry
and rainy seasons between 2022 and 2023 as partof Botany II field practices. Specimens with reproductive structures were collected in accordancewith international curatorial standards, and data on
locality, geographic coordinates, elevation, vegetation type, collectors, site description, and human interventions were recorded. Taxonomic keys and online collections were utilized to identify the minimal
taxonomic categories. For foliar variation analysis,
characteristics such as organization, arrangement,
adhesion, shape, size, base type, venation, apex,
margin, and texture were examined. A total of 105
species were recorded, distributed across 40 families and 86 genera, with 15% classified as Liliopsida
and 85% as Magnoliopsida. Families with the highest genera richness included Asteraceae (15), Rubiaceae (9), Orchidaceae (7), Solanaceae (7), and1 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SãoPaulo, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Biodiversidade,Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Universidade
Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
Botany teaching in Brazil is often associated with boring and uninteresting classes, even in college. Mainly
because teachers rather use examples linked to zoology to teach basic biology principles. The use of didactic material, such as games, is a strategy to makecontent more interesting during classes and motivate
active participation from students. Our aim was to develop instructional material for basic education teachers and professors to use them during botany classes.
Points widely applied in botanical identification, including typology of both phyllotaxis and inflorescenceswere chosen as the theme. A practice manual, a crochet model kit, and a deck of cards were created. The
crochet models represent different types of phyllotaxis
or inflorescences; a set of cards contains morphological definitions of types of phyllotaxis and inflorescences and another set contains photos of plants that arecommonly present in everyday life. The manual contains recipes for crochet models, diagrams of bothphyllotaxis and inflorescences, description of activities
and games that can be worked on in the classroom
with the material. The games were applied in undergraduate classes of Biological Sciences and Ecology
courses at Unesp in Rio Claro. The students showed
a lot of interest, the feedback was positive regarding
the use of the game, and they had an active learning
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and hands-on activities was particularly effective instimulating interest during class and helped students
to grasp complex concepts more easily.

P.1035 Fighting plant
blindness at school:
educational resources forhigh school students
Beatriz Vigalondo1,2, Belén Albertos3, Juan
Antonio Calleja Alarcón2,4, Isabel Draper2,4,
Ricardo Garilleti3, Francisco Lara2,4
1 IES Jose Luis Sampedro, Tres Cantos, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 3 Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 4
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio
Global (CBIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Secondary education classrooms reflect societal
attitudes towards botany, revealing its limited recognition among students and even teachers, de-spite its fundamental role in our daily life and ecosystems. The lack of familiarity with common plant
species, let alone lesser-known ones like bryophytes,
mirrors a broader oversight of women’s contributions to science, particularly in botany and bryology. To address this plant blindness, engaging educational resources are essential. These resources
should integrate students’ personal interests andeveryday experiences while employing active discovery methodologies to teach botany effectively.
Moreover, combining the study of botany with recognition of women’s scientific achievements canhelp address social blindness on both fronts. This
communication outlines three educational experiences aimed at high school students: i) integrationof Pokemon into botany lessons as an introduction
to the study of biodiversity; ii) knowing plant diversity and taxonomy by the contributions of womenin botany; and iii) practical laboratory sessions on
bryophytes diversity and their role in ecosystems.
Through these initiatives, we aim to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of botany while
highlighting the significant role of women in science.

S.124. PLANT CONSERVATION GENETICS:
FROM INSITU AND EXSITU CONSERVATION TO
REINTRODUCTIONS AND RESTORATIONS.
P.1036 Drivers of planttranslocation outcome: ananalysis of more than 3000
translocation cases from
EuropeSandrine Godefroid1,2,3, Timmy Lacquaye1,
Hannah Branwood4, Sarah E. Dalrymple4,
Andreas Ensslin5, Thomas Abeli6
1 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium. 2 Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Service général de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique,
Brussels, Belgium. 3 Université libre de Bruxelles,
Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Biogeochemistry,
Brussels, Belgium. 4 Liverpool John Moores University, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom. 5 Conservatory and
Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva, Chambésy,
Switzerland. 6 Department of Science, Roma Tre
University, Rome, Italy.

Plant translocations are a conservation techniqueincreasingly used around the world. In Europe, many
initiatives have taken place without having been published, with the result that the information remains very
scattered in grey literature to which access is not easy.
This represents a major obstacle to the exchange of
information and experience among scientists andpractitioners. To help fill this gap, we launched a largescale continent-wide survey with 39 questions relating
to methods, motivations, problems encountered andoutcomes, supplemented by a screening of scientific publications, grey literature and national/regional
databases. This made it possible to locate and gather
data on 3,220 plant translocations across the European continent carried out on 1,185 taxa in 28 countries,
which represents the largest dataset ever collected
globally. Target species most often were forbs fromgrassland habitats and they had a higher threat status nationally than globally. Practitioners mainly usedplug plants (less than 100) originating from a single
source (geographically closest to the target site).
Weather events and plant disease were the unantic-

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ipated problems most often noticed by respondents.
Monitoring revealed that most populations did notsurvive more than 5 years, demonstrating the challenge translocations are still representing for conservationists. However, this large database allowed us to
identify the most relevant drivers of translocation outcome in terms of plant survival and recruitment thatwill inform future plant translocations.

P.1037 Population genomicsof the threatened
Verbascum charidemi(Scrophulariaceae)
provides insights forconservation management

bascum charidemi is characterized by very low levelsof genetic diversity in all population nuclei, with slightly
higher diversity levels in the North. It also shows evidence of significant levels of inbreeding, very likely due
to mating among relatives within family clusters, since
this species is allogamous and lacks mechanisms
for vegetative reproduction. The five population nuclei were poorly connected by gene flow. Clustering
analyses indicate population structure (geographically discrete nuclei), separating populations from theNorth, Centerand South areas. Based on this genomic
information, we suggest cultivation in botanical gardens for future reintroductions and reinforcement actions of wild populations, and translocations in suitablelocations.

P.1038 A new era for cycad
genomics – custom crossspecies marker set

Serafín Olías-Valencia1, Hedwig
Schwarzer2, Rocío Juan1, Encarnación
Rubio1, Sara Martín-Hernanz1,3, Mario
Fernández-Mazuecos4, Jose Luis BlancoPastor5, Abelardo Aparicio1; Clara de
Vega1, Rafael G. Albadalejo1

James A. R. Clugston1,2, Rachael V.
Gallagher1, Vanessa Handley2, Jian Liu3,
John S. Donaldson4, Matt G. Johnson5,Michelle Van der Bank6, M. Patrick Griffith2

1 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 2 Red Andaluza de Jardines Botánicos y Micológicos en Espacios Naturales, Almería, Spain. 3 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4 Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 5 Universidadde Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.
Many taxa at risk of extinction are exclusively categorized using demographic and ecological factors. However, the use of genomic information to evaluate thegenetic diversity of endangered species is increasingly being advocated for a more precise conservation
management. We conducted a genomic study of theendangered Verbascum charidemi, a species strictly
endemic to the littoral area of Sierra del Cabo de Gata,
SE Spain. The species is seriously threatened by the low
number of individuals (about 100) distributed in five
population nuclei in a very small extent of occurrence.
We collected and genotyped almost all individualsof this species using the genotyping-by-sequencing
technique and implemented phylogenomic and population genomic approaches. This allowed us to provide new insights on the taxonomy and relationshipsof this species within the taxonomically complex genus Verbascum, and to determine population genetic
structure and diversity for prioritization of in situ andex situ conservation measures. Our preliminary results
support the monophyly of V. charidemias a species
sister to V. nevadense, also endemic to SE Spain. Ver-

1 Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western
Sydney University, Penrith, Australia. 2 Montgomery
Botanical Center, Coral Gables, USA. 3 Yunnan Key
Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, Yunnan, China. 4 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences,
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University,
Lubbock, Texas, USA. 6 African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
The Cycadales represent an enigmatic group of seeds
plants with an interesting evolutionary history. But
many cycads exist in small, fragmented populations,thus quantifying patterns of genetic diversity is criticalfor understanding their population biology and to support conservation efforts. Cycads are one of the mostthreatened groups of organisms globally, with continuing declines in populations driven by natural andhuman meditated activates. Therefore, new tools areurgently required to help understand genetic diversity
and conserve this unique lineage, as existing genomic
approaches do not provide sufficient depth and clarity on the genetic structure of cycads. This is primarily due to genetic complexity of cycads which makes
repeatable genomic level sequencing intractable andnot cost effective. Thus, to help in joint conservation
efforts for cycads a universal approach for answering genomic level questions is needed, that can beapplied using fresh and degraded genetic material.

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Here we seek to create a new standard approach forconservation of cycads using genomics to generatea custom target enrichment probe set. The design ofthis universal probe will be set to work across all extant cycad lineages (Cycadaceae and Zamiaceae)
and will combine with universal maker sets designed
for angiosperms. The use of targeted enrichment has
quickly become the standard for both phylogenomics,
population genomics and for population genotyping.
The use of target enrichment has many advantages
including very is very consistent maker recovery andthe ability to recover from highly degraded herbarium
specimens or stem fragments from illegal trade. The
probe set we are developing will be used to addressconservation related questions, with a main aim todifferentiate interspecific and intraspecific level differences in populations to better understand species
boundaries, evolutionary relationships, detect hybridisation and create forensic applications for tackling
illegal trade in cycads.

P.1039 In situ & Ex situ
conservation of imperiled
plant species in theSoutheastern United States

tect imperiled species through diverse conservation
approaches. A pivotal part of ABG’s conservation work
involves diversifying ex situ collections. This includes
extensive living collections tracked by maternal line,
a seed bank with both conventional and cryopreservation techniques, micropropagation, and tissue
and DNA banks. These measures ensure a holistic approach to species preservation. ABG also focuses on
capacity building, organizing workshops, providing insitu training, and setting up tissue culture laboratories
in biodiverse regions. These initiatives develop plantmaterial for in situ augmentation at protected sites,
aid in the outplanting of plants, and assist in monitoring natural populations. ABG’s multifaceted approach
integrates state-of-the-art science with practicalconservation measures, aiming to ensure the survival
and stability of imperiled plant species in both naturaland managed settings.

P.1040 A translocation
project for Geum rivale L. in
the Guadarrama Mountains
Aitor García Goyenechea1, Isidoro
Colmenero Martín2, Felipe Martínez
García1

Emily E.D. Coffey1, Laurie Blackmore1,
Carrie Radcliffe1, Lauren EsermanCampbell1, John Evans1, Loy Xingwen1,
Jason J. Ligon1

1 Polytechnic University of Madrid. Madrid, Spain.
2.-Rural, Agrarian, and Food Research and Development Institute from Madrid. Madrid, Spain.

1. Atlanta Botanical Garden, Southeastern Centerfor Conservation, Atlanta, USA.
At the Atlanta Botanical Garden (ABG), the Southeastern Center for Conservation (SECC) leads in advancing plant conservation science through innovative
research collaborations, native species recovery programs, and sophisticated horticultural practices. ABG
specializes in propagating often under-represented
endangered plant groups, restoring and managing
their habitats, and focusing on the conservation genetics of these rare taxa. Both in situ and ex situ conservation methods are employed, encompassing fieldcollection, laboratory research, and conservation horticultural practices of imperiled species. With over 30
years of experience, ABG has honed a comprehensive
strategy for conserving rare and threatened species.
This strategy includes propagation, habitat management, and collaborative restoration efforts, extending
across the southeastern United States to the Neotropics. The goal is to address the urgent need to pro-Geum rivale L. is an eurosiberian herbaceous plantfrom the Rosaceae family, which is very rare in the Iberian peninsula. Its main Spanish populations are locatedin the north, in the Cantabrian Ledge, where the climate
has an Atlantic character (eurosiberian). However, thepopulations located in the south are situated in small
microclimatically favourable areas, where they can beprotected from the characteristic mediterranean climate of the most part of the peninsula. Therefore, these
populations are relictual and very isolated from eachother, which survive in wet settlements, such as thoselocated in the Guadarrama and Ayllón mountains(both located in the Madrid and Segovia provinces). For
these reasons, Geum rivale is protected by the Regional Catalogue of Endangered Species from the Madrid
Community. This protection implies the responsibility forelaborating a specific conservation plan for this species. The objective of this study is to contribute to thisplan by designing a translocation project. In order toachieve our objective, we have done germination tests
for establishing which pretreatment allow us to producing individuals ex situ in the most efficient way. Sub-

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sequently, we have elaborated a potential distribution
model for the species (niche model) using the MAXENT
program, which allowed us establishing the ideal places where the translocation project could be accomplished: where to do a population reinforcement or, on
the other hand, where to introduce or reintroduce thisspecies. Finally, we have elaborated the translocation
design, considering the results all the analysed parameters (climate, soil, etc) and a first stage has been accomplished, using the individuals produced in the first
germination tests.

P.1041 Conservation
genomics of the criticallyendangered Limonium
estevei Fern. Casas(Plumbaginaceae)

distributed congener, L. cossonianum Kuntze, is considered a potential threat to L. stevei, as it faces the possibility of genomic swamping. In this study, we sampled
all known extant nuclei of L. stevei and used genotyping-by-sequencing to assess levels of population genetic diversity and implemented Bayesian approaches
to infer the population structure, demographic history,
and degree of introgression with L. cossonianum. We
aim to present insights on the genomic variation of L.
estevei to provide important information for its conservation and the application of in situ and ex situ strategies, and the suitability of potential reintroductions andreinforcement actions.

P.1042 Validating priority
areas for the conservationof Butia (Arecaceae)
genetic resources

García-Rodríguez, Rosanna1,6; Schwarzer,
Hedwig2; Rubio-Pérez, Encarnación1; MartínHernanz, Sara1,3; Fernández-Mazuecos,
Mario4; Blanco-Pastor, Jose Luis5; Aparicio,
Abelardo1; Albaladejo, Rafael G.1

Gustavo Heiden1,3, João Iganci2,3
1 Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Brazil. 2
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, 3Pampa Singular

1 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 2 Red Andaluza de Jardines Botánicos y Micológicos en
Espacios Naturales, Almería, Spain. 3 Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 5 Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria, Campus de Excelencia
Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidadde Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. 6 Herbario Erik
Leonard Ekman, Universidad ISA, Santiago, República Dominicana.
The conservation of endemic species is of utmost importance as they are often at risk of extinction, primarily
due to habitat alteration and fragmentation and low
genetic diversity. Genomic analyses are increasingly used in biodiversity conservation to provide unparalleled resolution on patterns of genetic diversity andstructure, offering new tools to explore for conservation
applications and management. Limonium estevei Fern.
Casas (Plumbaginaceae) is a species strictly endemic to Sierra de Cabrera and the nearby coastal area ofMojácar, SE Andalusia (Spain). This species occurs ina single population in increasingly fragmented nuclei,
with an estimated census of only 7000 individuals andan area of presence ca. 1.7 km2. Anthropogenic habitat
loss and fragmentation, and low reproductive success,have brought the species to Critically Endangered status. Furthermore, natural hybridization with its widely

Butia (Arecaceae) is a palm genus of 24 South American species, occurring in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
and Uruguay. According to the historical records, thedistribution of Butia palm groves was greatly reduced in
the last decades compared to the current area occupied by the last remnants. We mapped the specimens’
records with natural occurrence in South America andare reevaluating the conservation status of the species and their respective threat criteria based on historical records to map priority areas for conservation.
The results based on historical records are guiding thesearch of recent populations visible in satellite images. Then, fieldwork is being conducted to confirm andvalidate the current persistence of Butia palm grovesin the priority areas, validating the proposition of theseareas for in situ and ex situ conservation. According topreliminary data, ten species were evaluated as Vulnerable (VU), seven species as Critically Endangered(CR), three species as Endangered (EN), two species
were assessed as Near Threatened (NT) and one species could not be assessed due to Deficient Data (DD).
The priority areas for in situ conservation chosen basedon the species distribution and threat status are being
validated as viable or not. Thus, current persistence ofremaining viable populations is the first condition tovalidate an area as priority for the in situ conservationof genetic resources and as a source of germplasm forex situ conservation, restoration and rewilding projects.

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P.1043 Genetic diversity of
the critically endangered
endemic Tripleurospermum
heterolepis (Asteraceae): a
preliminary assessment
Fatih S. Beris1, Rabia Sagan2, Huseyin
Inceer2
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences,
Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, KaradenizTechnical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
Tripleurospermum heterolepis (Asteraceae) is known
only from the type locality in Gumushane proviencefrom Türkiye. It is a local endemic species classified as
CR (critically endangered) category of IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature) and isfacing high risk of extinction due to several anthropogenic threats. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of this species using five inter simple sequence
repeats (ISSR) markers in thirteen individuals to contribute with information useful for the establishmentof conservation actions. Within the population, thesimilarity indices among thirteen genotypes were between 0.396 and 0.700, according to the cluster analysis based on UPGMA. The present results obtained from
ISSR analysis indicate that the conservation of T. heterolepis requires in situ strategies, such as implementing a monitoring program and establishing a ‘botanical reserve’, and ex situ strategies, such as collection
and long-term storage of seeds. Acknowledgments:
This study was partly supported by the Scientific andTechnological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK,
project no.122Z845) in the frame of 2519-COST CA18201“An integrated approach to conservation of threatened plants for the 21st Century”.

the endangered category. Therefore, conservation
measures should be taken focusing on native andendemic orchid species. Aerangis hologlottis orchid
species native to Sri Lanka and distributed in Kenya,
Mozambique, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania. It is growing
as an epiphytic subshrub. Populations of the species have been recorded in Royal Botanical Garden,
Nalanda and Aluthgama in Sri Lanka. The species isin the endangered category according to the IUCN
2020 Red List. The study aims to develop an in-vitro
seed germination medium for A. hologlottis. Mature
seed pods of A. hologlottis were collected from anaturally grown plant population at the Royal Botanical Garden, Peradeniya. Seeds were used to growusing five different treatment methods and five replicates as a completely randomized design underlaboratory conditions at the Royal Botanic Gardens.
Different media were used in this experiment to test
the most suitable medium for further use. Successfully germination was observed after 115 days in themedium supplemented with BAP P.02 mg/l, NAA P.01
mg/l, and IBA P.01 mg/l, 250 ml of coconut water.
The study supports identifying a method to multiply
this plant in vitro and introduce the industry of floriculture use. Hence this plant is small in size it canbe suggested to use as a terrarium plant. Since it’sunder the category of endangered, it’s important tofind methods to develop the population in ex-situ
conservation. This type of study provides the intention to develop new methods to conserve this kindof plants further.

P.1045 Population geneticsof rare and threatened
Cardamine serbica in the
Balkan Peninsula
Mira Fiškalović1, Judita Zozomová-Lihová2,
Marek Šlenker2, Ivana Džaković3, Predrag
Lazarević1, Maja Lazarević1*

P.1044 In vitro seeds
germination of native
endangered Sri Lankan
orchid Aerangis hologlottis

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade,
Serbia. 2 Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
3 Public Enterprise for National Parks of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro. *Contact: majat@bio.
bg.ac.rs.

Jayalath J.M.S.M.1, Wijeratne I.L.1,
Maddumage P.M.1
1 Royal Botanical Garden, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Among the 193 of Sri Lankan orchid species, 137 arein the threatened categories and 72 species are in

Cardamine serbica Pančić (Brassicaceae) is a critically endangered plant species inhabiting steep
screes in mountains and gorges in only several places in the Balkan Peninsula. Survival of the species
in its locus classicus near Lake Perućac (Mt. Tara),

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which is the only known locality in Serbia, is under
threat due to habitat destruction and the extremely small population size. Implemented conservation
measures, based on the removal of surrounding
vegetation, ex-situ seed propagation, and translocation of these individuals to the original population,
led to an improvement in habitat quality and an increase in the number of individuals. This study aimed
to investigate the genetic structure and diversity inall populations of C. serbica, consider their genetic
suitability in the case reinforcement with individuals
from other populations is needed, and investigate
the impact of the implemented conservation measures on the genetic diversity of the population in
Serbia. Microsatellite and ddRADseq analyses were
performed on 114 individuals of C. serbica originating from seven populations throughout the species’
range. The results show that the population in Serbia
is genetically highly impoverished and distinct fromall other populations of the species, even from thegeographically closest one on the other side of lake
Perućac in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strong genetic bottlenecks and genetic drift in this small population have probably led to its genetic uniqueness.
Recent habitat restoration and translocation of individuals (from 2019 to 2023) have kept the diversity
stable with minor fluctuations, but the real impact
can only be expected over a longer period of time.
Acknowledgments: The research was supported by
COST Action CA18201 ConservePlants, the Ministry ofEnvironmental Protection of Serbia and the National
Park Tara (project “Revitalization of the population of
Cardamine serbica”), and by the Slovak Researchand Development Agency (APVV-21-0044).

P.1046 Deciphering the roleof ecological, geographicaland climatic factors on
genetic structure of T.
baccata in the Iberian
Peninsula
Eudald Bach1, Miquel Riba1,2, Carmen
Bouza3, Javier Ferreiro4, Francesco
Maroso3, Paulino Martínez3, Pablo RamilRego4, Manuel Vera3, Maria Mayol1,2

sidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus deLugo, Lugo, Spain. 4 IBADER (Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus deLugo, Lugo, Spain.
English yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a long-lived dioecious gymnosperm presently found in a variety of habitats throughout most of the European
continent. Despite its wide distribution, populations are often small and isolated, particularly in
the Mediterranean area. Therefore, it is included
in several conservation actions and laws in European countries. As a result of its fragmented
distribution, gene flow among English yew populations is limited, and genetic diversity is highly structured both at the local and the regional scale. Inference based on distinct molecularmarkers support a consistent demographic decline of English yew populations, suggesting that
habitat suitability for this species has been worsening during the last millennia. In East-Central
Europe, it has been suggested that the overall
genetic variation of yew populations tends to decrease with mean tree size/age, due to a greater
impact of founder effects in younger populations.
This is consistent with the theoretical predictions
for a metapopulation with extinction-recolonization dynamics, and fits well the expected recolonization history of northern latitudes after the lastglaciation. Genetic diversity in populations fromsouthern refugia, however, might reflect different and more complex evolutionary scenarios.
Identifying the main factors that determine the
distribution of genetic diversity in this area is fundamental to guide conservation and management actions, as well as to predict the species’
response in the future. To further investigate themain factors affecting genetic diversity in southern English yew populations, we used SNPs andnuSSRs to disentangle the relative contribution of
ecological, geographical and climatic factors on
the genetic structure of English yew in the Iberian
Peninsula. Contrary to northern latitudes, genetic
patterns were not determined by tree size/age.
Instead, genetic diversity patterns were mainly
explained by past and current climatic conditions
experienced by populations, particularly by theamount and variability in precipitation.

1 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. 2 Univ.
Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
3 Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Veterinaria, Univer-539

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P.1047 Genetic diversity
and structure of natural
Shorea robusta populationsin India as revealed by
microsatellites markers

P.1048 Critical carnivores:
The conservation potentialof Nepenthes in ex situ
collections
Olivia G. Murrell1,2, Philip J. Esseen2,
Rebecca N. Lewis2, Jennifer K. Rowntree3,
Leah J. Williams2, Francis Q. Brearley1

Garima Mishra1, Shailesh Pandey2, Rama
Kant1, Rajendra K. Meena1, Maneesh S.
Bhandari1
1 Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Forest
Research Institute, Dehradun, India. 2 Forest Protection Division, Forest Pathology Discipline, Forest
Research Institute, Dehradun, India.
The foundation for effective selection practices,
breeding, and conservation of forest trees lies in understanding genetic variations, which can be evaluated through the use of molecular markers. Shorea robusta, a wind-pollinated timber species ofsignificant commercial value in southern Asia, hasexperienced a sharp decline in stocks. It is attributed to factors such as excessive logging, inadequate
natural regeneration, overexploitation, and habitat
fragmentation. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement to develop robust genetic conservation
approaches. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and structure of fifteen populations
using microsatellite-based marker in the state of
Uttarakhand (India). Out of 60 primers, 24 showedpolymorphisms. Notably, ten primers were usedomitting 14 null alleles. Estimates of genetic diversity (NA=3.69, HO=0.377, HE=0.555) were similar whencompared to other tropical tree species. The polymorphism information content (PIC) was noted as
0.252. Also, the gene flow estimate was Nm=0.728
migrant per generation that suggested a very limited gene flow with very low value of genetic differentiation (FST=0.281). In the structural analysis, bar plot
for estimated Q-matrix at K=2 for different sampled
populations revealed two distinct clusters. Moreover, the AMOVA revealed that most of the genetic
variation (76%) was confined within population. The
accessibility of sequence information and novel SSR
markers through our study, potentially enriches thecurrent knowledge of the genomic background for S.
robusta and for implying conservation programme
when extrapolated on a large scale. Based on results, protection of populations is recommended forthe sustainable conservation of genetic resources
and rare alleles.

1 Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester,UK. 2 Chester Zoo, Chester, UK. 3 University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
The monotypic Nepentheaceae is the largest
family of pitcher plants, with its center of diversity in Southeast Asia. Many species of Nepenthes
are endangered at some level, given their often
narrow endemism, threats to native habitats, andprevalence in the illicit plant trade. Despite theirprecarious position in the wild, this genus is widely held in botanic garden collections worldwide,
though little is known about its ex situ status. The
objective of this study is to determine which species are held in collections and to what extent
they represent the genus in the wild. To achieve
this objective, we have adapted the zoologicalmodel for endangered species conservation byconsolidating known accession-level data about
Nepenthes in collections, with the aim of informing breeding decisions and material exchanges. In this first stage of research, we gathered
accession data from 55 institutions worldwide,with the largest collections held at Chester Zoo(Chester, UK) and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew(Richmond, London, UK). We found that 66% of
the genus is represented in gardens, but 40% of
these represented species have fewer than 5 individuals in living collections. Additionally, 81% of
the species evaluated for the IUCN’s Red List are
represented. While this indicates good coveragein terms of number of species, there are still relatively few individuals in collections. Populations
are small and are at risk of inbreeding depression
if not managed effectively. An action plan for the
long-term sustainability and conservation valueof these collections is needed, and this research
begins to address that need.

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P.1049 Genetic
characterisation andconservation of New
Zealand Pimelea
Jessica M. Prebble1, Rob Smissen1, Carina
Davis1
1 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Lincoln,
New Zealand.
Rapid species radiations often present challenges for species delimitation, and the genus Pimelea (Thymelaeaceae) in New Zealand is a good
example of this. A recent taxonomic revision identified c. 54 taxa, but despite being based solely onmorphology these can still be difficult to identify in the field. More than 60 percent of the species are considered threatened or at risk of extinction, and additional un-named entities havebeen identified, which if they prove to be species

would also be endangered. Prior attempts to resolve the phylogeny using ITS and plastid markers
have shown the New Zealand species plus several Australian endemics form a clade nested
within the main Australian phylogeny, but thesemarkers do not have sufficient variation to aid in
species delimitation. We have developed a set of
low copy nuclear markers in an attempt to help
resolve species boundaries, and are using theseto test the morphological species hypothesisedin the recent revision. The first example, the P. villosa complex, is a coastal species group that has
undergone a significant decline, and there are
numerous community groups involved in its conservation and restoration around New Zealand.
We compare the genetic diversity of in situ wild
remnant populations to those being cultivated exsitu for conservation. In addition, Pimelea in New
Zealand is it a host to several endemic Notoreas
moths, which are themselves endangered.

S.125. PLANT CONSERVATION IN
MEDITERRANEAN AND MACARONESIAN ISLANDS
P.1050 Biogeography andgenetic diversity of therange-restricted species
Diplotaxis ibicensis basedon genotyping-bysequencing (GBS)
Lucía Bezares1, Mario FernándezMazuecos1, Emilio Cano2, Joana Cursach3,
Joshua Borràs3, Pablo Vargas2
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 3 Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
Population genetic analyses are essential in orderto design conservation measures for threatened
species. Here, we investigate Diplotaxis ibicensis(Pau) Gómez-Campo, a range-restricted species
distributed in the western Mediterranean Basin,
specifically in the Balearic Islands (Mallorca, Ibiza, Formentera and Cabrera) and eastern Iberia(Alicante). It has a conservation interest as it isprotected by national law (Real Decreto 139/2011)
and international conventions (European Council
Directive 92/413/CEE). Sixteen populations distributed in five geographic areas were sampled, andthree objectives were addressed: (1) to evaluate
the geographical and evolutionary origin of the
populations; (2) to estimate the levels of genetic
diversity and differentiation among populations;and (3) to reconstruct colonization patterns explaining its current distribution range. On the
one hand, the ITS region was sequenced for thisspecies and Diplotaxis relatives, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted (objectives 1, 3).
On the other hand, genome-wide DNA polymorphisms were obtained using a high-throughput
sequencing technique, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and analysed using phylogenetic andpopulation genetic approaches (objectives 2, 3).
Taking into account both phylogenetic and population genetic results, we propose specific measures useful to enhance conservation strategies
for the studied species.

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P.1051 Feral goats and flora
conservation: A study ofherbivory impact in insularMediterranean landscapesmanagement of feral populations in the Tramuntana
mountains must be adapted to each area according
to flora characteristics.

Joshua Borràs1, Miquel Capó2, MiguelIbañez3, Jordi Bartolomé4, Elena Baraza1
1 Research Group of Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions. Departament de Biologia. Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain. 2 Plant &Animal Ecology Lab. Centro para la Conservaciónde la Biodiversidad y el Desarrollo Sostenible. Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales.
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
3 Forest Research. Forestry Commission, Roslin,
United Kingdom. 4 Grupo de Investigación en Rumiantes, Departamento de Ciencia Animal y delos Alimentos. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
Bellaterra. Spain.
Changes in land use have led to an increase in ungulate
populations in Mediterranean landscapes and, in somecases, negatively affecting plant communities. This issue is exacerbated on islands where native herbivores
are extinct, and the present are of domestic origin. Mallorca’s mountain ranges are home to feral goat populations (Capra hircus L.). Our study aimed to analyze therelationship between the presence of ungulates, andplant diversity and community composition. We established 80 plots of 25m2 using a random sampling method, evaluating herbivory pressure (using the number of
fecal pellet groups as a proxy), plant species diversity, habitat type, altitude, trees’ basal area, NDVI, slope,and orientation. Our data did not reveal a significant
effect of the number of fecal pellets on plant diversity
and composition. However, we observed a significant
positive relation with species number in pine forests.
The number of plant species increases signifyingly withattitude and decreases with adult tree density. One hypothesis is that the Mediterranean flora, well adapted toherbivory, presents a high degree of resilience against
the pressure from wild goats on our plots. On the other
hand, it could also happen that plots currently with noor low presence of ungulates have been grazed in past
years, currently presenting a plant community alreadymodelled by herbivory. Otherwise, we could be observing a selection by goats for higher-altitude areas thatare also areas with greater species richness.
In conclusion, despite the possible negative effects
that the presence of feral goats can have on the conservation of certain vulnerable species, at the level ofplant diversity, the pressure levels observed in our study
plots do not have a negative impact. Therefore, theP.1052 Conservation
status of Limonium(Plumbaginaceae) in
Greece: an updated
synthesis
Efstathios Apostolopoulos1, Nikolaos
Gkournelos1, Anna-Thalassini Valli2,
Theophanis Constantinidis1
1 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,
Athens, Greece. 2 Agricultural University of Athens,
Athens, Greece.
Limonium Mill., the largest genus of the Plumbaginaceae family, incorporates annual or perennial herbaceous
plants. It is represented in Greece by 85 species, inhabiting predominantly coastal environments and foundin salt-rich soils and rock crevices. Currently, there are
no Greek Limonium species in the IUCN Red List, but 13
species are included in National Red Data Books. Our
involvement in the project “Compilation of Red List of
Threatened Species of Plants of Greece” conductedby the Natural Environment & Climate Change Agency in collaboration with the IUCN, allowed us to assess
the conservation status of all Greek Limonium species,
register the threats they face, and focus on targeted
conservation measures. Our assessment utilized datafrom the bibliography and our fieldwork and revealed
that 56.5% of Greek Limonium species are under threat.
Specifically, 29.4% are classified as Vulnerable (VU),
21.2% as Endangered (EN), and 5.9% as Critically Endangered (CR). Additionally, 4.7% are categorized as Near
Threatened (NT), while 38.8% are deemed Least Concern (LC). When considering endemic species alone,
the threat level increases to 60.5% (32.0% VU, 23.0% EN,
5.5% CR), with 5.5% NT and 34% LC. In contrast, non-endemic species exhibit lower threat levels, with 18% classified as threatened (9% VU, 9% EN, 9% CR), and 73%
deemed LC. The primary threats identified are residential and commercial development (including tourism)
affecting 56.2% of the threatened species, followed by
the impact of invasive species (37.5%), and human
intrusions and disturbance (18.8%). Notably, 15% of thethreatened species possess extremely narrow distribution ranges. This, coupled with the high vulnerability of
their coastal habitats, underscores the pressing necessity for effective conservation measures. Regarding the542

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LC Limonium species, 48% of them are widespread, and
52% are range-restricted but not currently facing any
known threat.

P.1053 Pollination andreproductive success of therange-restricted species
Diplotaxis ibicensis in two
different coastal habitats

P.1054 An inventory ofassessing the conservation
status and extinction risk ofthe endemic plant species
in Egypt: Mediterranean
coastalMohamed M. El-Khalafy1, Yassin M. AlSodany1, Dalia A. Ahemd2, Heba Bedair2,
Soliman A. Haroun1, Salma K. Shaltout2

Miquel Rodríguez1, Marcello Dante Cerrato1,
Antoni J. Far1, Miguel Á. González-Estévez2,
Samuel Pinya1, Joana Cursach1
1 Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain. 2
Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (UIB/
CSIC), Esporles, Spain.
Deeping on the knowledge of the reproductive biologyof plant species is a key issue in conservation biology.
This study focuses on Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gómez-Campo, a taxon endemic to Mallorca Island, Pityusic Islands and Alicante coast (western Mediterranean
Basin), located mainly in satellite islets, that has a conservation interest as it is protected by national law (Real
Decreto 139/2011) and international conventions (European Council Directive 92/413/CEE). It is an entomophilous species, although there is no information about its
reproductive biology. Two study populations were selected in Mallorca: in a rocky coastal habitat in the westof the Island (El Toro) and on fixed dunes in the south(Es Marquès). During the flowering peak of the species, pollinators were collected for taxonomical identification and focal censuses were carried out to gather
information related to the visitation rate. Reproductive
success was evaluated through fruit set and seed set.
During autumn, 385 plant-pollinator interactions wereobserved in Es Marquès (40 h of censuses) and 364 in
El Toro (29 h of censuses). Overall, we identified morethan 20 pollinator species, and Hylaeus (Paraprosopis)
taeniolatus Forster, 1871 (Colletidae; Hymenoptera) was
the most frequent pollinator in both studied populations. Although the visitation rate was similar between
populations (0.24 (± P.8) (n=16) visits per flower andfor 10 minutes in Es Marquès vs. 0.31 (± P.7) (n=16) in El
Toro), the fruit set was higher in Es Marquès (55.56% ±7.13) (n=18) than El Toro (35.83% ± 4.96) (n=17) (p-valueP.31) as well as the seed set (29.72% (± 6.01) (n=15) in Es
Marquès vs. 11.20% (± 5.15) (n=16) in El Toro; p-value P.26).
Further analyses of collected pollinators’ pollen load will
reveal their specific contribution to the reproductive
success of this range-restricted species.

1 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of
Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. 2 Botany
and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Having valid and up-to-date information on the ecological and conservation status of threatened species
is one of the most important elements in the establishment of an effective conservation programme The
IUCN Red List is a critical indicator of the health of theworld’s biodiversity which provides information about
range, population size, habitat and ecology, use and/or trade, threats and conservation actions that will help
to inform necessary conservation decisions. The Plant
diversity in the Mediterranean region depends heavily on endemism. The majority of species belonging
to this area are narrow endemic species. The present
study aims at evaluating the conservation status, degree of risk to extinction of Mediterranean plant species
in Egypt and changes of these species over the past
50 years. Twenty Field visits have been carried out frombetween February 2017 till September 2022 including
different locations in the Mediterranean region for investigation as well as evaluation of all studies in theinvestigated area, scientific literatures, and different
herbaria were visited. Main habitats, coordinates andthreats were recorded through visits, while evaluationof conservation status was based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. A complete IUCN assessment for 15
Mediterranean endemic taxa was conducted including:Geographic range, population characteristics, habitat,
ecology, threats and Conservation actions. Assessment
showed that 13 taxa are threatened (7 endangered, 2
critically endangered and 4 believed to be extinct). On
the other hand, two species as Data Deficient. Human
impacts (especially urbanization and tourism) and climate changes (especially drought and extreme temperature) are the most severe threats that impacted
the taxa in this region. taxa. The present study has thepriority for complete evaluating these taxa according
to IUCN categories.

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P.1055 Plant site
preparation and population
reinforcements within the
Life+ SEEDFORCE in Sardinia:
first results and lessons
learntP.1056 10 years ofmonitoring of threatened
vascular flora in Menorca:
some results andconclusions

Mauro Fois1, Maria E. Boi1, Alba CuenaLombraña1, Ludovica Dessì1, Andrea Lallai1,
Francesca Meloni1, Lina Podda1, Marco
Porceddu1, Gianluigi Bacchetta1

1 Institut Menorquí d’Estudis, Maó, Menorca, Spain.
2 Jardí Botànic Marimurtra, Fundació Privada Carl
Faust, Blanes, Spain.

Pere Fraga i Arguimbau1,2

1 Department of Life and Environmental Science,
Cagliari State University, Cagliari, Italy.
Developing successful plant conservation projects
is a challenging task and requires an inclusive andmultidisciplinary approach, bringing together diverse expertise to address all critical issues. The Life+SEEDFORCE project aims to improve the conservation status of 29 threatened plant species from Italy,
Malta, Slovenia and France through an integrated
approach that includes in situ and ex situ studies
and conservation actions. Six endemic plants listed
in Habitats Directive 43/92/EEC from Sardinia weretargeted: Astragalus verrucosus Moris, Centranthus
amazonum Fridl. & A.Raynal, Limonium strictissimum(Salzm.) Arrigoni, Linaria flava (Poir.) Desf. subsp. sardoa (Sommier) A.Terracc., Linum mulleri Moris andRibes sardoum Martelli. Threats to each taxon were
initially identified and addressed, followed by theestablishment and implementation of protocols for
propagating the species and reinforcing populations. Although the project is still ongoing, early results have shown that: 1) preliminary actions, such as
reproductive biology, demographic, and ecologicalniche modelling studies, are critical to better identify
target populations and sites, and to enhance the reintroduced plants’ survival; 2) establishment of germination protocols in the laboratory improves the
success of larger-scale replications; 3) site preparation, such as alien species removal and population reinforcement, achieve better results in termsof awareness and cost-effectiveness by involving
local stakeholders. The here presented activities are
increasingly needed in the Anthropocene Era. However, the growing crisis in many areas of the planet
leads to better use the limited resources devoted
to plant conservation. It is therefore imperative tomonitor and share the experiences gathered fromthis and similar projects.

In 2015, the Menorca threatened flora monitoring program was launched, promoted by the Menorca Biosphere Reserve Agency of the Menorca Insular Council. Its main objective is to continuously assess the levelof threat and the state of conservation of the taxa ofthe vascular flora under threat, to have solid information for a better long-term management time limit.
The selection of the taxa to be monitored was basedon their rarity in the island territory, that is, those withless than five known populations. For all of these, a firstassessment has subsequently been made according to the IUCN criteria, those that have been classified as threatened (VU, EN, CR) have been included in
the monitoring program. The monitoring consists ofperiodic in-situ visits in which a census is taken of thecash, the threats are determined, the possible negative effects of these and the conservation status of
the habitat and the surrounding environment are also
assessed immediate Based on this data, the state ofconservation is determined annually according to thecriteria established by the AFA project and the levelof threat according to the criteria established by the
IUCN. Based on these results, the information collected in situ and the evolution of the taxon’s situation,
management measures are proposed to improve thestate of conservation and reduce the level of threat. A
total of 151 taxa have been evaluated so far. In the most
up-to-date information, the distribution by threat levelis: 37% VU, 13% EN, 58% CR, while for the state of conservation, 20% is worrying and 18% is alarming. In themost critical situation categories (CR and alarming),
non-endemic taxa predominate (90% and 85%) compared to endemics (10% and 15%).

P.1057 Conserving paleflax (Linum bienne) in the
Mediterranean Basin

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1 Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre (AAFC).
Pale flax (Linum bienne) is long known to be the wildprogenitor of cultivated flax (L. usitatissimum) and is
expected to harbor an important source of genetic variability for flax genetic improvement. Literature
review shows that little exploration has been done,
particularly regarding its utilization and conservation. Currently, there are only 350-400 accessions
available in seed genebanks worldwide and 114 lessduplicated pale flax accessions with GPS coordinates. Clearly, the existing germplasm collections
have poor coverage in the European and Mediterranean regions and large geographical gaps in thespecies distribution. No germplasm was collectedfrom the regions of northern Africa, Jordan, Iraq,
Syria, and Iran. Also, no reports were found on thedevelopment of in situ conservation strategies toprotect pale flax natural populations. Thus, urgent
actions are clearly needed to assess the species’
vulnerability, particularly in those regions without
any collected germplasm, and to develop effective
in situ conservation strategies.

P.1058 Phylogenetics,
phylogeography
and conservation of
Chaenorhinum rodriguezii,
a neoendemic species fromthe island of Mallorca

C. origanifolium. A phylogeographic study of the three
populations of C. rodriguezii was also carried out using the plastid DNA regions trnQ-rps16 and trnV-ndhC.
Results show that C. rodriguezii belongs to a recently
diversified clade of Chaenorhinum species from thewestern Mediterranean Region, with C. origanifolium
as one of the closest relatives. The divergence of C.
rodriguezii is estimated to have occurred during the
Pleistocene, and therefore it should be considered aneoendemic species. The phylogeographic study indicates relatively high plastid DNA variability (considering the small population sizes) and significant isolation among the three populations. Based on thesepatterns, conservation measures are suggested forthis endangered species.

P.1059 GO-Argan:
operational group rescuingargan tree, an alternative
crop for climate change
Mediterranean agriculture
adaptation
Yalbeiry Labarca-Rojas1,2,4, Esteban
Hernandez-Bermejo1,2,4, Francisca
Herrera-Molina2,3,4, Jose L. Quero1,3,4, Rocío
Hernández-Clemente1,2,4, Alfonso Jiménez
Ramírez4
1 University of Cordoba. Córdoba, Spain. 2 Red CultIVA – CYTED (www.cyted.org/es/cultiva). Cordoba,
Spain. 3 Andalusian Plant Germplasm Bank (BGVA).
Cordoba, Spain. 4 Go-argán Andalusian Operational Group supported by Operational Groups of
the European Innovation Partnership in the field ofagricultural productivity and sustainability.

Francisco Gómez Prieto1, Llorenç Sáez2,
Mario Fernández-Mazuecos1
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain.
Chaenorhinum rodriguezii (Porta) L. Sáez & Vicens(Plantaginaceae, Antirrhineae) is an endangered endemic species from the Tramuntana mountain range,in the north of the western Mediterranean island of
Mallorca. It is classified as a narrow endemic, as only
three extant populations are known, each with a verysmall number of individuals. Some authors consider it a subspecies of Chaenorhinum origanifolium(L.) Kostel., but morphological and reproductive traits
support its consideration as a distinct species. In thisstudy, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of thegenus Chaenorhinum using the nuclear ITS region
and the plastid rpl32-trnL region to clarify the evolutionary origin of C. rodriguezii and its relationship with

Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is a species with current
natural distribution in Morocco and Algeria. It has
been mainly introduced in Tunisia, Israel, and Spainfor productive purposes, although it is still underutilized in these countries today. The species is highly spiny and has a high genetic diversity showing
high polymorphism in size, shape, and size of leaves
and fruits. Nowadays, argan can still be considered
non-domesticated due to the difficulties in propagation, variety selection, and direct harvesting (fromthe tree canopy) in part because of the peculiarities
of its biology, ecology, and phenology. This high economic-value oilseed species is collected from thetrees that make up forest formations and pastures.
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ways after the fruit has been consumed by livestock(goats, camels). Recent studies about argan distribution models and its presence in circum-Mediterranean countries have extended its strategic
value compared to other species more sensitive toclimate change. For this reason, it has been established in Andalusia, Spain, as a species with a highpotential for economic development. According tothis, the Andalusian Argan Tree operational groupwas set up in Spain in 2019, bringing together various academic and scientific institutions, and joining them with agricultural and breeding companies,
with the common aim of advancing the processesof domestication of the species for its cultivation.
The cluster is working on the construction of predictive models regarding the future evolution of its
natural formations and the analysis of its potential
cultivation or agroforestry use in other territories.
This communication presents some of the resultsin the last five years, including several publications,experimental cultivations, advances in propagation
protocols, analysis of its genetic diversity in ex situ
populations, and identification of new uses and industrial and medicinal properties.

P.1060 Reproduction biologyof the narrow endangered
endemic Scrophularia
oxyrhyncha Coincy as firststep to its conservation
Eusebio López Nieto1, Tomás RodríguezRiaño1, Francisco J. Valtueña Sánchez1,
Josefa López Martínez1, José L. PérezBote1, Ana Ortega-Olivencia1
1 Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Scrophularia oxyrhyncha is a narrow endemic species from SW Iberian Peninsula with few and, generally, small populations habiting areas with major anthropic disturbance (habitat fragmentation,
grazing disturbance, among others). It is classified
as “Vulnerable” in Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha
and Extremadura, and as “Insufficient Data” at thenational level. Therefore, knowing its reproductive biology is essential for initiating conservation
processes. Its reproductive biology has been analyzed in an Extremaduran population subjected tointense grazing by sheep during 2019 and 2021. We
selected five inflorescences in each of 15 different
individuals. Each inflorescence was designed for adifferent pollination test: spontaneous self-pollination, hand-geitonogamous pollination, hand-crosspollination and agamospermy, as well as a control. Additionally, we carried out a forced xenogamy in another individual with a single inflorescenceto check if fruit/seed set was limited by pollinators.
We evaluated fruit and seed set from each of thepollination tests and control. Both parameters varied significantly among treatments and years. Fruitset after hand geitonogamy and xenogamy was
about 74%, clearly demonstrating that this species
is self-compatible. By contrast, it was practically nullafter spontaneous self-pollination, highlithing thepollinator importance for sexual reproduction andthe effectiveness of protogyny. Seed set after control and hand-xenogamy was significantly higher
than those from forced xenogamy and geitonogamy demonstrating pollinator limitation and greater
reproductive success with cross-pollen. These results highlight not only pollinators necessity for thesurvival of this species, but also to achieve greater
reproductive success, by facilitating cross-pollination. In recent decades, both climate change andintensive grazing, are greatly reducing the presenceof pollinators, posing a serious danger to the survival of endemic, rare and endangered species. In ourcase, the pollinators are being displaced and without them the plant cannot reproduce sexually, endangering its survival.

P.1061 Conservationtranslocations of Anchusa
sardoa (Illario) Selvi& Bigazzi, a criticallyendangered Sardinian
endemic species
Emmanuele Farris1, Arianna Amadori1,
Antonella Cosseddu1, Martina Deplano2,
Alfredo Maccioni1,*, Mariano Mariani3,
Sergio Ortu3, Marco Porceddu2, Gianluigi
Bacchetta2
1 University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. 2 University of
Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. 3 Azienda Speciale Parcodi Porto Conte, Alghero, Italy. *Presenting author:
amaccioni@uniss.it
Plant translocations are rising as a common conservation practice, and are needed when the conservation
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ened categories. Anchusa sardoa (Boraginaceae) is anarrow endemic plant that grows only on coastal sandy dunes in the Regional Park of Porto Conte (NW Sardinia). Previous research demonstrated a dramatic
decline of its population size > 80% in < 10 years, mainly
caused by increasing mass tourism pressure. Due tothe very restricted range and evidence of Allee effects
caused by habitat fragmentation, more pronounced
on juveniles, the plant was categorized as CR. A dramatic decline of the total population was observed
from 2005 to 2015, when -92.1% of the individuals disappeared (from 9,200 to 725) and six out of 14 population patches underwent extinction. To contrast decline
processes, a first attempt of translocation was undertaken in winter 2015: 104 adult individuals, obtained
from wild seeds, were planted in five sites, of which
two where the plant experimented extinction andthree with already present individuals. After two years,
0% of the planted individuals survived in the first twosites and 0.3 new individuals per each planted adult
were found near these areas, whereas in the last threesites survival was 94.4% with 1.52 new individuals per
adult plant. A further translocation plan was plannedin 2023-24, because, based on detailed total counts ofremnant population patches and despite an increaseof the total population, the number of adult individuals
did not vary in eight years. To reinforce extant populations and reintroduce extinct populations, a total of
3,634 seeds was collected in spring-summer 2023: themajority was stored ex-situ at the Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), whereas ca. 100 were used for
multiplication and the juvenile plants will be translocated in the winter 2024-25.

P.1062 Restoration ofpotential vegetation indegraded semi-arid areas
on the island of Tenerife,
Canary Islands, Spain
Victoria Eugenia Martín Osorio1, Wolf H.
Wildpret Martín2, Rocío González Negrín1,
Alberto de la Rosa Padilla1, Alejandro T.
Martín Umpierrez1, Wolfredo Wildpret dela Torre1

The EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 sets targets to further
protect nature in the EU. However, it stresses that protection alone would not be enough, in order to reverse
the loss of biodiversity, efforts must be redoubled andnature restored across the Union, both in protected areas and beyond. The Commission therefore committed
to proposing legally binding targets to restore the EU’s
degraded ecosystems, especially those with the greatest potential for carbon capture and storage, as well as
to prevent natural disasters and reduce their impact.
The territory being restored on the island of Tenerife, ischaracterized by being a degraded area due to themultiple interventions and disturbances of anthropic
origin that have been carried out in the area, having
been predominantly used for agricultural and currently
being in a state of abandonment, greatly affected bychanges in topography and soil properties. Its naturalvalues are focused on the coastal strip, with the presence of a protected habitat classified as of “community
interest” made up of fragments of vegetation formedby potential species of the coastal halophilic belt, although it is also heavily affected by anthropogenic impacts. The purpose of the project is to be able to restore
the territory to a more natural state, with the different
units of the plant landscape that must have existed
before the successive anthropic interventions and with
this, contribute to the natural regeneration of one of themost altered areas of the Canary Islands, such as thecoastal strip. Furthermore, it supports a typical halophilic geopermaseries vegetation and habitats that represent a very appropriate biotope for the establishmentof ornithological fauna, crustaceans and mollusks, andon the other hand, the area corresponding to succulent
shrubs, typical of the arid basal zones with Infra- andThermo-Mediterranean bioclimate of Tenerife, of great
endemicity value.

P.1063 Comparison of theclimate change toleranceof native species fromarid zones of the Iberian
Peninsula with potential use
as orname
Pilar Soriano1, Elena Estrelles1, Marina
Martín1, Reyes Mora1, Mariola Monllor1, José
Aparici1, M. Isabel Martínez-Nieto1,2

1 Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna,
Spain. 2 Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.

1 ICBiBE – Jardí Botànic, Banco de Germoplasma,
Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain. 2 Depart-547

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ment of Agroforestal Ecosystems, EPSG, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
As consequence of climate change, temperatureand rainfall regimes are being modified, threaten
the survival of the current gardening concept inmany areas of the world. This situation highlights
the need to investigate the potential of other interesting species, especially in more sensitive
areas such as the Mediterranean Basin. For thisreason, the aim of this study is to promote sustainable gardening with adapted species. The
use of native Mediterranean flora offers a good
opportunity to find plants that are resistant to thecurrent conditions of increasing temperaturesand decreasing water availability. To achieve
this objective, four autochthonous species fromarid zones of the Iberian Peninsula, with potential use as ornamentals, were selected to compare their tolerance in the germinative phase todifferent levels of temperature and water stress.
The species were Salsola oppositifolia, Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, Mesembryanthemum
crystallinum and Halogeton sativus. Germination tests were carried at constant temperatures
between 10 and 40ºC. The effect of water stress
was studied by creating a low osmotic potential
environment with PEG 6000 between -0.10 and -3
MPa. Germination percentage, mean germination time, base temperature, thermal time, basewater potential and hydrotime (Tb, S, Ψb and ѲH)were calculated. The results showed an extremely
good response to high temperature and low osmotic potential for Salsola oppositifolia.

P.1064 Biogeography andecology of the Algerianisland flora

Two independent classifications of 30 islands
and islets were derived from PCA and HCPC performed on a matrix of physiographic variables(longitude, latitude, elevation, area, isolation,
steepness index and area/perimeter ratio) and amatrix of flora descriptors including species richness, functional traits (life form, seed dispersal,
pollination) and biogeographic range. We performed an RDA to explain the variation in flora
characteristics by a set of physiographic, biotic
and survey variables. The floristic inventory encompassed a total richness of 288 vascular planttaxa. Three main groups of islands and islets canbe distinguished from either intrinsic botanicaldescriptors or physiographic descriptors, resulting in two different typologies. RDA revealed thatthe combination of five variables (seabird density, longitude, area, isolation and survey duration)
explained 16.1% of the variation in flora characteristics. Taken alone, the density of yellow-leggedgull colonies and the island area were the main
drivers of this variation. Results showed that floristic richness was associated with larger islandarea and distance to mainland, with importanceof some plant functional traits, such as zoochoryand entomogamy, and with a lower proportion ofMediterranean species. In the context of island
flora conservation, some of these small islands
can be considered as “modern refuges” fromhuman pressures, and this pattern is particularly
important in the context of Mediterranean ecosystems characterised by a quasi-permanenthuman impact in various habitats. Two new important plant areas (IPA) for Algeria are proposed
following the results of these floristic inventories.

P.1065 Patterns andprocesses of extinction in
the flora of Macaronesia

Mohamed Hamimeche1,2, Errol Véla3,
François Gillet4, Riadh Moulaï1
1 LZA lab, Abderrahmane Mira university, Bejaia, Algeria. 2 Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia university,
Jijel, Algeria. 3 AMAP lab, University of Montpellier/
CIRAD/CNRS/INRAE/IRD, Montpellier, France. 4 University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
In spite of their proximity to the coast, the flora of
the Algerian islands and islets had been poorly
studied. This work is the first to provide an overall view of the richness and the determinants of
the Algerian island flora, based on a compilationof original and recently published floristic data.

548

Raúl Orihuela-Rivero1,2, Javier MorenteLópez1, J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort3,
Hanno Schaefer4, Alfredo Valido1,
Miguel Menezes de Sequeira5, María M.
Romeiras6, Carlos A. Góis-Marques5,7,
Marcos Salas-Pascual8, Alain
Vanderpoorten9, José María FernándezPalacios2, Jairo Patiño1,2
1 Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología(CSIC), La Laguna, Spain. 2 Universidad de La La-

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guna, La Laguna, Spain. 3 Jardín de Aclimataciónde La Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones
Agrarias, Puerto de La Cruz, Spain. 4 Plant Biodiversity, Department Life Science Systems, Technical
University of Munich, Freising, Germany. 5 Madeira
Botany Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universityof Madeira, Funchal, Portugal. 6 Universidade deLisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. 7 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos,
InBIO Laboratório Associado, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. 8 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 9 University ofLiège, Liège, Belgium.

P.1066 Genetic
characterization of
Teline stenopetala in the
Canary Islands: a new
approximation.

The number of studies on plant extinction haveso far been very limited compared to other taxonomic groups such as animals. In addition, thesestudies reveal relatively lower extinction rates.
However, extinction debt (i.e., the extinction of
species in the future due to events that occurredin the past), together with the lack of exhaustive
studies, could have led to an underestimationof its magnitude. Under this framework, oceanic islands are particularly important environments as they are home to numerous endemic
species, which contribute significantly to global
biodiversity and which, besides, are particularly
vulnerable to extinction processes. In this study,
we carry out an exhaustive review of both plant
extinction and extirpation events that have occurred in Macaronesian islands as well as a biological trait characterization of all the native flora of the Canary Islands and Azores. Specifically,
we analyze (i) which geographic and biologicalintrinsic factors potentially influence the risk of
disappearance of a taxon, and (ii) the existenceof temporal-altitudinal patterns of extinction/
extirpation linked to socioeconomic changes in
the islands. Among the biological traits analyzed,
the endemicity, habit and pollination mechanism
were closely linked to a high risk of extinction. Besides, the island’s geological age and the humanpopulation density were the most important factors explaining the number of extinction eventsfor each island. We identified the existence ofdifferentiated patterns of extinction in the altitudinal gradient over time, highlighting a recent
coastal hotspot of extinction possibly associated with tourism development and expansion ofinvasive species. Through this work, the need toincrease knowledge about the functional traits of
the island floras is highlighted to predict possible
future extinction events more efficiently and accurately.

1 Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava, Instituto
Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias. Puerto de la
Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.

Verónica Pérez1, Miguel A. PadrónMederos1, J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort1

In the Canary Islands, a young volcanic oceanic archipelago, all plant species arrive through diverse dispersion mechanisms. Once established, these plants undergo diversification or radiation in adaptation to new
ecosystems. An example is Teline stenopetala (Webb& Berthel.) Webb & Berthel., a wild shrub legume species traditionally used for animal feeding and natural
ecosystems regeneration. This species has five endemic subspecies in the Canary Islands (microphylla, pauciovulata, sericea, spachiana and stenopetala), identified in a morphological study (Del Arco, 1981)and distributed across the four westernmost islands(Tenerife, La Gomera, El Hierro and La Palma). Genetic
data about this species (considered in this work as Teline despite that this genus shows inconsistency as amonophyletic group) provides insufficient support for
the infraspecific taxa considered (Percy & Cronk, 2002;
Pardo et al. 2004). Consequently, a new approach will
be performed with chloroplast DNA analysis to detectpronounced differences, and ISSR genetic markers todetect subtler variations. The objective is to clarify thetaxonomy and diversity within this group, while also
exploring their potential as fodder.
References: del Arco, M.J. (1981). Revisión del género
Teline Medikus (Fabaceae-Genisteae) en la región
macaronésica. Estudio biométrico, taxonómico,iconográfico, corológico, ecológico y fitosociológico.
PhD (unpublised). Department of Botany. Facultad de
Biología, Universidad de La Laguna. Pardo, C., Cubas, P.,
Tahiri, H. (2004). Molecular phylogeny and systematics
of Genista (Leguminosae) and related genera basedon nucleotide sequences of nrDNA (ITS region) andcpDNA (trn L-trn F intergenic spacer). Plant Systematics
and Evolution,244, 93-119. Percy, D.M., Cronk, Q.C. (2002).
Different fates of island brooms: contrasting evolutionin Adenocarpus, Genista, and Teline (Genisteae, Fabaceae) in the Canary Islands and Madeira.American
Journal of Botany,89(5), 854-864.

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P.1067 Impact on the wild
vegetation of the Balearic
Islands (Spain) of thephytopathogenic bacterium
Xylella fastidiosa

P.1068 Considering plantplant interactions toimprove the restoration ofplant communities
Jairo Robla1, Inés Ibáñez2, Alejandro
Rodríguez1

Juan Rita1, María Cañellas1, Mauricio Ruiz1,
Francesc Adrover2, Diego Olmo2, Andreu
Joan2, Margarita Gomila1
1 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain. 2
Conselleria d’Agricultura, Pesca i Medi Natural.
Govern Balear, Palma, Spain.
Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram-negative aerobic plant
pathogenic bacterium. It multiplies inside the xylem
vessels, clogging them and obstructing the flow ofwater. It is transmitted naturally by insects that feedon xylem sap. X. fastidiosa seriously affects a manydifferent plants species, some of great economic interest (olive, vineyard, citrus, almond, etc.), but also
many wild species. The latest update of the hostplant database (EFSA, 2023, EFSA Journal 21(6):8061)
rise to 690 species. An assessment of the impactof this bacterium on the natural vegetation of the
Balearic Islands (Spain) has been carried out within
a broader project developed by the Department ofAgriculture, Fisheries and Natural Environment of theGovernment of the Balearic Islands. 1,857 samples of
147 plant species, 24 of them endemic to the Balearic Islands, have been collected in 236 locations on all
the islands. All tests were performed followingEPPO
PM 7/24 standard usingqPCR Harperet al. 2010 protocol. 190 samples have been found that have tested positive, which represents 10% of the samples. We
have located 24 affected plant species, 18 were wild
species, 3 of them endemic and another 6 cultivated as ornamentals but which are also naturalized.
10 of these species were not known until now to besensitive to X. fastidiosa. The wild olive (Olea europea var. sylvestris), with a positivity rate of 46.2% of
the symptomatic trees, and the ash (Fraxinus angustifolius), with 37.1%, are two of the most affected
species. No oak (Quercus ilex) sample has tested
positive so far. Regarding endemic species, we havefound a worrying affectation of Santolina magonica
on the island of Menorca, with plants seriously affected both wild and cultivated plants. The endemics Genista valdes-bermejoi and Phlomis italic arealso sensitive to this bacterium.

1 Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville,
Spain. 2 School for Environment and Sustainability,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Active restoration is a commonly employed practice for reclaiming disturbed and degraded areas.
This approach typically aims to expedite the establishment of plant communities, leading to self-sustaining ecosystems over time. However, many restoration efforts lack ecological considerations, focusing
solely on plant identity in relation to abiotic factors.
Understanding how interactions between plants (i.e.,
facilitation or competition) can influence the survival and growth of neighbouring plants presents a
beneficial opportunity to enhance restoration programs and achieve greater success. To advance
this understanding, we conducted a study along the
36 km-long Guadiamar Green Corridor, an area impacted by a mine toxic spill in 1998 that underwent acomprehensive restoration program during 1999 and2000. Ninety-four plots of 20 x 20m were designated,
where all existing woody plants were geolocated andmonitored for growth and survival from 2009 to 2018.
We analysed the growth performance of various target species based on the identity of neighbouring
plants and their distance from the focal plant. Additionally, we examined the recruitment of new woody
plants in 2018 in relation to the existing plant community in 2009, as well as the size and distance among
them. Results revealed high survival rates for all species, probably because all plants in our sample had
passed the critical period for survival during the earlyyears after the plantation. Neighbourhood effects on
growth indicated that neighbours can exert either
positive or negative influences on various growth parameters (height, crown area, diameter). Recruitment
was shaped by the identity and size of existing plants.
Compositional changes suggested that diversification in community composition could take place inly
in the mid- to long-term. Examining plant-plant interactions through neighbourhood analysis emerges as
a valuable tool for crafting more effective restorationplans. Recognizing the impacts of these interactions
during revegetation efforts could inform and optimize future programs.

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P.1069 Morphometricanalysis of the Canarianjuniper (Juniperus cedrus
subsp. cedrus): Exploring
adaptations to ecologicalgradients

P.1070 Phylogenetic
framework and genomic
diversity of an endangered
endemic species (Silene
migjornensis) from theBalearic Islands.

Guillermo Sicilia-Pasos1, 2 , Agustín
Naranjo-Cigala3 , Javier Morente-López2, AbrahamPadilla1 , David P. Padilla1 ,Javier Martín-Carbajal1 , Manolo MarreroGómez4 , Jairo Patiño1, 2Inés Herrero1, Mario FernándezMazuecos2, Emilio Cano1, Joana Cursach3,
Lorenzo Gil3, Pablo Vargas1

1 Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología(CSIC), La Laguna, Spain. 2 University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain. 3 University of Las Palmas deGran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
4 Teide National Park, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
The Canarian juniper (Juniperus cedrus Webb &Berthel.) is a species endemic to the Canary Islands. The distribution of this gymnosperm taxon isthought to have been much more extensive in thepast. However, logging, fires, and the presence ofwild herbivores have led to a significant reduction
in both its range size and abundance. Despite thecurrent declining situation, it is evident that this species maintains a broad distribution across the mostimportant elevational vegetation belts in the Canary Islands. Surprisingly, there is a lack of studies
investigating potential morphological adaptations
that might indicate the species’ ability to adapt todiverse ecological conditions within the Canarianarchipelago. To fill this gap, we conducted measurements using morphometric tools, focusing onlife traits such as leaves and reproductive structures.
These are traits that are hypothesized to play a roleas indicators of potential adaptation of this species
to the strong ecological conditions across Juniperus
cedrus’ distribution. To achieve such a goal, samples
were collected from different populations acrossthe islands where the species occurs, including La
Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife, and Gran Canaria. The
ultimate goal was to explore potential signatures ofmorphological diversification and their relationshipto environment and geography. Compiling information about these key aspects related to the Canarian juniper is crucial for implementing effective
conservation measures tailored to the specific environments where it thrives in the archipelago.

1 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3
University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
Silene migjornensis (≡ Silene sericea var. balearica) is a recently recognized species endemic tosoutheastern Mallorca Island (western Mediterranean Basin) that belongs to Silene sect. Dipterospermae, which includes 15 species from small
geographical areas of the Mediterranean Basin.
This annual plant is a narrow endemic occurringon maritime sandbanks and catalogued as Vulnerable (VU) in the Red Book of the vascular floraof the Balearic Islands. Indeed, it is known from asingle locality in a protected area (Parque Natural Marítimo-terrestre d’Es Trenc Salobrar deCampos). To advance in the conservation of S.
migjornensis, three objectives were addressed in
the present study: (1) To perform a phylogenetic analysis and evaluate its systematic status,(2) to study the genetic diversity of the only extant population, and (3) to propose management
and conservation measures for the species. We
studied the genetic diversity using ITS sequencesof Silene sect. Dipterospermae species, we obtained genome-wide nucleotide polymorphisms
by high-throughput DNA sequencing using the
genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique, andwe investigated whether the population structure
is better characterized by a panmictic model orby within-population differentiation. The endemic flora of the Balearic Islands, especially coastal
plants, is particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation and loss due to anthropogenic activities.
Therefore, conservation studies using genomic
data like this one are of paramount importance.

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P.1071 Epiphytic invasive
species on the Canarianpalm tree, Phoenix
canariensis H.Wildpret, in
the Canary Islands andAndalusia, Spain.
Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre1, Victoria
Eugenia Martín Osorio1, Wolf H. Wildpret
Martín2
1 Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain. 2
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen,Germany.
Over the years we carried out a study and monitoring of
epiphyte vascular plants installed naturally in the trunkof the Canarian palm tree. The Canarian Palm Tree,
Phoenix canariensis H.Wildpret., is an endemic speciesof the Canary archipelago distributed by the world as
an ornamental plant. In the Canaries their artificial distribution extends from sea level up to 1,000 m.a.s.l. Exceptionally some specimens have reached 1,600 m.a.s.l.
(Vilaflor, Tenerife). There are some semi-anthropic
palm groves that are renewed naturally. It corresponds
to the terminal community of the arid to semiarid Infra-

mediterranean and semiarid to dry Thermomediterranean edaphohygrophilous colluvial and riparian seriesof the Canary Palm (Periploco laevigatae-Phoenico
canariensis sigmetum). Phoenix canariensis is also acharacteristic species of Juniper thermo-sclerophyllous woodland Junipero canariensis-Oleo cerasiformis
sigmetum preferably located in island medium elevation in the company for example, Dracaena draco, Olea
cerasiformis, Juniperus turbinate ssp. canariensis, Pistacia lentiscus, Pistacia atlantica, Gymnosporia cassinoides. We have explored more than five thousand individuals of palm trees in the Canary Islands and about
six hundred in the province of Málaga, Andalusia. Epiphytic species growing on the Canarian Palm Tree,base, trunk, treetop and occasionally on the ascendingroots of old specimens of large size have been inventoried. Epiphytism on the palm tree has been detectedin over 2,000 specimens from near sea level on coastal
walks to those in the midlands. At these altitudes they
are subject to the humid climate of the trade winds andthere are a higher number of epiphytic species of cyanobacteria, briolichenic communities and even somebasidiomycetes. Until now we have recorded someeighty different vascular plant species established on
the stipe phorophyte mentioned. The high presence of
three invasive species stands out: Ficus microcarpa, Ficus rubiginosa and Nicotiana glauca.

S.126. PLANT DIVERSITY IN SPECIALIZEDHABITATS ECOLOGY TO EVOLUTION
unileon.es; apenm@unileon.es; agonp@unileon.es
sriog@unileon.es.

P.1072 Geobotanicalcharacterization ofplant communities usedin traditional sheep
pastoralism
Raquel Alonso-Redondo1, Ángel Penas1,
Alejandro González-Pérez1, Sara del Río
González2
1 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental
Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, León, Spain.
2 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental
Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Leon, Mountain Livestock Institute CSIC-UNILEON, León, Spain. ralor@

The work presented herein is part of a research project entitled: Ecosystem Services of Traditional Grazing:
Biodiversity, Carbon Footprint, and Socioeconomic
Sustainability (ECOSPAS) (TED2021-131388B-I00). This
project, classified as a Strategic Initiative for EcologicalTransition, is funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, along with European NextGeneration funds.
It is led by the Institute of Biodiversity Research (IMIB)
under the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
and involves collaboration with 16 national and international institutions. The primary objective of the project is to investigate how pasture management canpromote biodiversity, minimize carbon footprint, andensure socio-economic sustainability. In Spain, there islimited information across extensive regions regarding
grazing intensity, grazing patterns of traditional pastoralism, and their impact on biodiversity. The study

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encompasses 489 farms located throughout the nine
provinces of Castilla y León (Spain). The region has alongstanding tradition of livestock farming, with theovine sector, primarily through milk and meat production, exerting significant socio-economic influence on
the territory. It represents nearly one-third of livestock
production and 60% of sheep milk production in Spain.
To assess the impact of traditional pasturing on thelandscape, it is essential to understand the diversityof the flora and vegetation associated with the plantcommunities exploited by sheep. This study conducts
geobotanical characterization of the plant communities present on each farm, incorporating a 2 km buffer. It was applied the latest approaches in Bioclimatology, Phytosociology and Biogeography. The results
highlight that the plant communities most palatable
for sheep farming in Castilla y León belong to the phytosociological classes of grasslands and natural andsemi-natural meadows. These include: Poetea bulbosae, Stipo-Agrostietea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Nardetea strictae, Festuco-Brometea, Festuco-Ononidetea, Lygeo-Stipetea and Tuberarietea. It is noteworthy
that, from a bioclimatic perspective, these communities predominantly exhibit a Mediterranean character.

distribution models (JSDMs) based on geographical,
climate, and soil variables, to test how both common
OrM fungi and their communities vary according togeographical and ecological factors. 79 OrM OTUs
were found associating with O. italica, 35 of which weremembers of the Tulasnellaceae. Five Tulasnellaceae
OTUs and one Ceratobasidiaceae OTU were found inevery population. Abundance of these OTUs, as measured by number of reads, increased from west to eastand decreased from south to north. OrM community
composition varied according to precipitation, annual
mean temperature, and soil phosphorous content. This
indicates that OrM fungi are influenced by a combination of soil chemical and climatic variables. Likewise,
JSDMs revealed that OrM OTUs responded differently toecological variables, but that there were both positive
and negative co-occurrences among OrM. Thus, theoccurrence of OrM may be determined by interactions
beyond the influence of abiotic factors. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of quantifying
and identifying the distribution of belowground mutualists, such as mycorrhizas, in understanding and predicting plant distributions.

P.1074 Towards acomprehensive cartographyof the riparian vegetation of
Spain

P.1073 Geographicalgradients and ecologicalfactors determine thediversity of mycorrhizal fungi
associated with Orchis italica

Juan A. Calleja1,2, Francisco Lara1,2, Ricardo
Garilleti3, Carlos Gonzalo Gil4, Marina
Coca de la Iglesia4, Carmen Andrés4,Álvaro Prado4, Alba Romero4, David G.
del Olmo1,4, Macarena Cuerdo1,4, Eduardo
Ballesteros4, Juan C. Veláquez4, Ruth
Martín4, Elena Bermejo4, Cristina Moreno5,
Blanca Ruiz5

Marco G. Balducci1, Karl J. Duffy1
1 University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
The distribution and abundance of plant populations are often linked to the availability of mutualists.
Semi-anthropogenic grasslands are havens of plant
diversity, and in the Mediterranean, frequently containmany orchid species and the mutualists on which they
depend. As their seeds lack endosperm, orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination andsubsequent development. These orchid mycorrhizal(OrM) fungi are free-living saprotrophs; hence theirdistributions may vary according to both abiotic andbiotic variables. We investigated the abundance anddiversity of OrM communities associated with Orchis
italica, which has a distribution limited to Mediterranean
grasslands. We used metabarcoding of the ITS region
to identify OrM fungi associated with adult individuals
in 23 populations of O. italic across the Mediterranean.
We used both multivariate analyses and joint species

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,
juan.calleja@uam.es. 2 Centro de Investigación
en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Universidad
de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. 4 Tragsatec, Madrid,
Spain. 5 Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el
Reto Demográfico, Madrid, Spain.
The Spanish riverine vegetation is extraordinarily diverse due to the floristic and environmental heterogeneity present throughout the territory. The remarkable
set of riparian forests and scrublands includes a highproportion of unique communities in the European
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approached with different methodologies and represented very partially at both the state and regional
levels, usually including only some riparian communities located within the Natura 2000 Network. The Nature
Data Bank (MITECO) of Spain, through Tragsatec, haspromoted the development of the first comprehensive
and homogeneous cartography of habitats of the entire national territory including those characterized byriparian forests and shrublands. The project involves
experts in riparian communities from CBIC-UAM and UV
and focuses on mapping the plant communities of rivers, streams, and wadis. It contributes to the objectivesof the Spanish Inventory of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, which seek to organize and harmonize information on the biodiversity of the country. The cartography
integrates two habitat typologies: i) 65 types of riparian communities recognized in the Spanish Standard
List of Habitats (known in Spain as LPEH and based on
the European EUNIS habitat classification) that covers
both native (e.g. Alnus glutinosa forests, Salix cantabrica groves) and exotic communities (e.g. Populus x
canadensis and Robinia pseudoacacia stands); andii) 8 types of riparian Habitats of Community Interest(HIC). Its recognition (presence and occupied surface)is addressed by extensive field work and photointerpretation. The collected data are feeding the 33.701 riparian
polygons previously defined in the Forest Map of Spain(MFE). Likewise, new sections (1,459) with riparian vegetation are being set in numerous fluvial courses. To date,more than 18,000 polygons have been covered frommost provinces of the different Autonomous Communities of Spain. As detailed example, the cartography ofCastilla-La Mancha is presented.

P.1075 Wetlands: diversity
and conservation status ofvascular plants - Buenos
Aires Argentina

the society. According to that, in Argentina the wetlands are going to be considered of National interest,
however until now there is no legislation in the province of Buenos Aires that includes their protection andconservation. With the objective of collaborating with
the National initiative for the preservation of wetlands,
the aims of this work focus on the record and conservation status of vascular flora associates in that ecosystem in Buenos Aires region. For this purpose, thespecies registered in platforms (i.e. GBIF, IRIS Darwinion,
DBHERB), bibliography and herbaria (i.e. BA, BAA, BAB,
BBB, CORD, CTES, SF, SI) was analyzed. The research
included georeferenced specimens (Map of Wetland
Distribution a Deep-Water Bodies in the Argentine Republic - version 1.0 - INTA) examined with open-access
QGIS program, and the geographic data and wetland
areas for further analyses were associated. The resultof this study has identified: 144 Families, 517 genera and853 species, increasing the number of taxa and newrecords to the previous works cited. Furthermore, ourevaluation as novelty included Gymnospermae andPoaceae taxa and it is the first florist inventory with an
integrative work covering all wetland systems in theprovince of Buenos Aires. The ecosystem services andthe rich biodiversity present in wetlands are the main
focus that encourages conservation awareness. Our
results are a source of information about the vegetation cover currently present in these environments
and serve as a tool for decision-making at a national
and international level.

P.1076 Spaciation ofAnaphalis (Asteraceae) tothe islands of Japan
Toshifumi Kataoka1, Katsuhiro Yoneoka1,
Tao Fujiwara2, Shun K Hirota3, Yoshihisa
Suyama4, Tetsukazu Yahara5, Noriaki
Murakami1

Aldana M. Elisei1, 2, María A. Ficher3, Renée
H. Fortunato1, 2
1 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2 Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias Agroalimentarias,
Universidad de Morón, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 3 Instituto de Clima y Agua, Hurlingham,
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Wetlands are ecosystems that are covered by water(salt, fresh or intermediate) on a seasonal or permanent basis. In recent years these environments havebeen increasing their studies, especially in benefit to

1 Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University,
Tokyo, Japan. 2 Center for Molecular Biodiversity
Research, National Museum of Nature and Science,
Tokyo, Japan. 3 Botanical Gardens, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan. 4 Graduate Schoolof Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi,
Japan. 5 Kyushu Open University, Kyushu, Japan.
Japan archipelago, with its many islands, is known
as one of the world’s most biodiverse regions withdiverse environments. Three species of Anaphalis (Asteraceae) are distributed in Japan and arealso found on some Islands. The presenters haveconducted molecular phylogenetic analysis of the554

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Jananese Anaphalis species, and have shown thatseveral taxa may be recognized as new species. In
this presentation, we examine the actual status of
Anaphalis species growing on the islands of Rishiri
and Rebun in Hokkaido, the Izu-Island in Honshu, andYakushima in Kyushu. In this study, molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS and ETS region
sequences, genome-wide SNPs analysis by MIG-seq
method utilizing a next-generation sequencer, andcomparison of morphological traites were conducted. As a result, the Hokkaido population, including
Rishiri and Rebun Islands, was genetically differentiated from the Honshu population, forming a clade
distinct from the conventional Anaphalis margaritacea. The Mikurajima (Izu-islands) population, although a taxon closely related to the Japanese A.
margaritacea, was genetically and morphologicallydistinct from any of the A. maegaritacea varieties.
Anaphalis sinica var. yakushimensis from Yakushima Island, which has been considered a variety of
A. sinica, is genetically related to A. margaritacea,
but is genetically and morphologically distinct fromboth vareties of A. margaritacea, and is differentiated at the species level. Thus, different species ofgenus Anaphalis are distributed on each of the Japanese Islands.

P.1077 The flora of Zuid
Limburg: documenting abotanically diverse regionof valleys at the edge of theNetherlands
Phil Klahs1
1 Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands.
The Dutch province of Limburg is located in thesoutheast of the Netherlands. Plant biodiversity is
positively influenced by a combination of topological variation, the presence of different soil strata,
and regional proximity to other European countries. Dutch Limburg contains the highest elevation
point (322.4 m) in the European section of the Netherlands. This increase in elevation, although small,provides a different environment than the coastal /lowland habitats available across much of the restof the Netherlands. Unique growing situations arealso afforded by exposed limestone, which support a distinctive plant community known as chalkgrasslands. Together these characteristics makethe Dutch province of Limburg an interesting intersection of plant distributions, and a worthy locale
for floristic research. To support future science andeducation the herbarium of the NatuurhistorischMuseum Maastricht (MAAS) is expanding to include
a satellite teaching collection at the Maastricht Science Programme.

P.1078 Quantitative
Assessment of Nurse
Species’ Influence on
Tree Regeneration andBiodiversity in Socotra
IslandDario La Montagna1, Michele De Sanctis1,
Petr Maděra2, Kay Van Damme3, Fabio
Attorre1, Luca Malatesta1
1 Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza
University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 2 Department ofForest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology,
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel
University in Brno, Brno, Czechia. 3 Centre for Academic Heritage and Archives and Ghent University
Botanical Garden, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
The intriguing role of thorny or poisonous shrubs asnurse plants in promoting tree regeneration is evident in the ecosystems of Socotra Island. There is,nevertheless, a lack of information in the quantitative evaluation and identification of the best nurse
species for tree regeneration. Six shrub species werechosen and carefully examined in this study in order to fill this gap. Phytosociological surveys werecarried out in randomly chosen shrubs to evaluate species abundance and shrub characteristics.
Corresponding control plots were also established.
Multivariate analysis and weighted means at thecommunity level were utilised to analyse functional traits, and the Relative Interaction Index (RII) was
utilised to comprehend the dynamics between the
shrub and its surroundings. Plot positions and nurse
species significantly affected the results of multivariate analyses. Different patterns of plant communities were revealed by the Indicator Species Analysis, with graminoids predominating outside shrubs
and forbs being more common inside. The diversity
indices showed that species’ levels of biodiversity varied, and the RII results helped in the selectionof beneficial nurse shrubs. The facilitation effect ofnurse species on tree and shrub growth forms is555

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highlighted in this study and it has been determinedthat some species are less effective at preventing
overgrazing. Endemic tree species on Socotra areendangered due to the lack of natural regeneration
with the majority of individuals over-matured. This
work provided a thorough grasp of the facilitation
potential of multiple nurse species. The next step
will be focused on planting seeds within this nurse
species, checking the survival of seedlings. This will
be useful for future ecological restoration project on
the island, implementing this nature-based intervention fostering climate resilience and sustainableecosystem management on Socotra Island.

P.1079 Compositionand structure of plantcommunities in the moist
temperate forest ecosystemof the Hindukush Mountains,
Pakistan
Matiullah1, Amjad U. Rahman2, Zahid
Ullah3, Rahmatullah Qureshi1, David F. R. P.
Burslem4, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani1
1 Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 2 University of Swabi,
Department of Botany, Swabi, Pakistan. 3 Universityof Swat, Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity,
Swat, Pakistan. 4 University of Aberdeen, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Aberdeen, United
Kingdom.
We investigated the relationship between Plant
communities and the environment from the moist
temperate vegetation of Lakoo mountainous forest
District Swat. We sampled data from 162 sampling
units (Quadrates) using1x1m2 for herbs 5x5m2 andshrubs, while 10 x10m2 for trees, systematically considering six elevation gradients between the altitudinal from 1970m to 3095m. We performed statistical analysis like Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) and TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species
analysis) for ecological assessment and clusteringof plant communities. To check upon the correlationof species (CR) with topographic and edaphic variables we used statistical software PC-ORD version
7. We recognized 264 species plants belonging tothirty families. We recorded key sampling measurements of density, frequency, and cover for all these
species which are vital for community description.
The results showed Shannon-Winner’s, and Simp-son diversity values as 19.18 and 3.17respectively. The
importance value indexes (IVI) were used to identify
the leading and rare species of plant in each community or cluster group. In total we recognized eleven different communities as: Berberis-Abies-Bergeni, Picea-Indigofera-Poa, Abies-Parrotiopsis-Poa,
Quercus-Viburnum-Poa, Picea-Salix-Primula, Abies-Viburnum- Poa, Viburnum-Taxus-Poa, Pinus-Viburnum-Lithospermum, Abies-Berberis-Carex, Pinus- Viburnum-Poa and Parrotiopsis-Picea-Poa
through hierarchical cluster analysis (TWINSPAN).
CCA analysis revealed that of all studied edaphic and topographic variables altitude, silt, calcium
carbonate, and organic matter were the strongest
factors determining plant community diversity andcomposition in each microclimate of the elevencommunities. Visually the vegetation of the forest was dominated by small-sized trees followedby shrubs, and regenerates indicating the stage of
secondary regeneration. We found severe humaninterference in disturbing the existing biodiversity,
which requires immediate conservation to ensuresustainable management and utilization of natural
resources of the Lalkoo moist temperate forest.

P.1080 Population Structureof Shorea robusta
across thirteen Indian
domains: A key indicatorfor regeneration andconservation
Garima Mishra1, Shailesh Pandey2, Rama
Kant1, Rajendra K. Meena1, Maneesh S.
Bhandari1
1 Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Forest
Research Institute, Dehradun, India. 2 Forest Protection Division, Forest Pathology Discipline, Forest
Research Institute, Dehradun, India.
In developing countries, numerous people depend
on woody resources for their livelihoods. Monitoring
human impact on the populations of socio-economically vital species is therefore imperative for the conservation of vulnerable trees. Shorea robusta (Sal) is
a valuable forest timber and has innumerable uses
in global livelihood. In order to assess the population
structure and regeneration patterns of this multipurpose species in the distribution range of Uttarakhand(India), we used size-class distribution method (SCD).
Diameter at breast height (DBH) of adult individu-

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als were sampled on 100 m2 (10m*10m) plots (total
387) in each domain. Recorded DBHs were distributed among thirteen size-classes of 10cm intervals. The
slope of the ordinary least-squares regression (OLS)
of SCD was considered to be an indicator of the population structure. The regeneration status of species
was determined based on population size of seedlings and saplings in all the sites. This was observed tobe quite adequate with an average of 1056 seedlings
per site. The species had significant (p<P.01) negative
SCD slopes with an inverse J-shaped distribution in all
the expanses; characterizing stable populations withgood regeneration encompassing more individuals
in the smaller than in the larger size-classes. Thus, thedynamics indicate an overall steady population trend
for Sal, which foretells future expansion and stability.
Nevertheless, the species is still exposed to borer attack, mortality, dieback phenomenon, anthropogenic
interferences etc. We therefore recommend that conservation campaigns be used to encourage the sustainable resource management practices to healthify
the establishment and growth of Sal.

P.1082 The Betpakdala
desert is the centre ofconcentration of endemic
Chenopodiaceae of
Kazakhstan- Arthrophytum betpakdalense Korovin et Mironov:AA - Betpakdala, Sarysu r. Red clays (Baitenov M.S.,
24.09.1954); Eastern part of Betpak-Dala desert, vicinity of Sary-Tuma springs (Kubanskaya Z.V., 21.09.1941);
Central Betpak-Dala. Kok-Ashik tract, (Rubtsov N.I.,
3P.8.1940); South-eastern Betpak-Dala, (Kubanskaya
Z.V., 25.08.1949); Betpak-Dala, Kogashik r. (Katyshevtseva V.G., 17.07.1952); MW0823233-MW0823235; East
Betpak-Dala, Keshir-mola settlement, (Mironov B.,
21.08.1933 (isotype)). (LE); TASH000807-TASH0008089;
TASH000819- TASH000821; - Arthrophytum pulvinatum Litv.: TASH00005659; - Arthrophytum subulifolium Schrenk: AA - Southeastern part of the
Betpak-Dala Desert. Kurmanchite Mountains, onstony-rubble slopes (Kubanskaya Z.V., 03.08.1941);
TASH000000005746; TASH00005748; - Halimocnemis mironovii Botsch.: Eastern Betpakdala (Pratov
U., 1972); - Petrosimonia hirsutissima (Bunge) Iljin:
Betpakdala (Pratov U., 1972); Betpakdala (Smirnov
V.I., 14-19.08.1929); - Climacoptera kasakorum (Iljin)
Botsch: Betpakdala (Pratov U., 1972); (AA0001827AA0001829). Thus, there are 5 endemic species in
the western part of Betpakdala and 4 in the eastern
part. Acknowledgments: This study was carried out
within the framework of grant AR19679078.

P.1083 Molecular ecology ofendemic shrubs in isolated
OCBIL populations

Polina V. Vesselova1, Gulmira M.
Kudabayeva1, Bektemir B. Osmonali1

Peter Pemberton1, Rose L. Andrew1, Manu
Saunders1, John Hunter1, Liz Wandrag2

1 Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty,
Kazakhstan.

1 University of New England, Armidale, Australia. 2
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.

Endemic species, reflecting the specificity of theflora, play an important role in the development of
biodiversity protection issues. 44% of the territory of
Kazakhstan lies in the zone of deserts, in which representatives of Chenopodiaceae predominate, accordingly, the issue of its endemism deserves close
attention. Among Kazakhstani desert regions highendemism of Chenopodiaceae is characterised by
the flora of Betpakdala. The analysis of distributionof its representatives showed concentration hereof 8 of 12 species endemic for Kazakhstan. Here is
the list of the corresponding herbarium specimens(with the inventory number): - Anabasis gypsicola Iljin: LE00054884-LE00054887; - Arthrophytum
balchaschense (Iljin) Botsch.: AA - Western Betpak-Dala. Tamgaly-jar tract, at foot of chink, near
spring on solonchaks (Kubanskaya Z.V., 22.08.1946);

Old Climatically Buffered Landscapes (OCBILs) often exist as terrestrial islands that are isolated in alarger landscape matrix, and plants confined to OCBILs have a high incidence of endemicity and rarity.
Shrubs are a significant component of OCBIL vegetation, yet many have restricted gene flow due to alack of seed dispersal mechanisms, and a relianceon insect pollinators with limited ranges. We hypothesise that the persistence of these shrub species insmall and isolated populations limits the adaptive
potential that arises from gene flow between populations. We conducted a systematic review of molecular ecology papers on OCBIL species to identify where the research has occurred and what themolecular ecology revealed about OCBIL flora. We
identified geographic gaps and a paucity of studies focusing on shrubs, whilst species pollinated by557

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insects alone tended to have highly structured populations with low gene migration rates, underlining
the need to understand how OCBIL shrubs diversify and persist. On the basis of this review, we will
now research the genetic diversity and gene flow
at multiple scales in the New England Tableland
region of Australia, a region with relatively understudied OCBILs. Fine-scale analysis of relatedness
and spatial autocorrelation at centimetre precision
will investigate patterns of gene flow and dispersal
within granite outcrop populations. In concert withobservations of flower visitors, comparisons among
age cohorts will illustrate the influence of geography
and insect-mediated pollination on gene flow at thefinest scale. Using coalescent estimates of migration rates and population divergence in OCBIL andnon-OCBIL taxa, we can begin to understand thedemographic history and adaptations of terrestrial
island flora. This research sheds light on the mechanisms by which small, isolated populations persist,and their capacity to adapt to novel conditions under global climate change.

seven Sarcocornia species (S. alpini, S. carinata, S.
fruticosa, S. hispanica, S. lagascae, S. perennis, andS. pruinosa) and two Halocnemum species (H. strobilaceum and H. cruciatum). In addition, we include
ecological requirements, vegetation units, biogeographical data, and some taxonomical and nomenclatural comments. This comprehensive analysis willcontribute to a deeper understanding of these plantgroups and their conservation implications.

P.1085 Taxonomic list
and conservation statuson the beach forest floraof Homonhon Island,
Philippines
Roanne Benesisto Romeroso1,2, Danilo
Niem Tandang3, Ian Ausa Navarrete4,5
1 The Graduate School and Research Center for the
Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo
Tomas, Manila, Philippines. 2 Department of Biology, University of Eastern Philippines, Catarman,
Philippines. 3 Philippine National Herbarium, Botany
and National Herbarium Division, National Museumof Natural History, Manila, Philippines. 4 Departmentof Environmental Science, Southern Leyte State University-Hinunangan Campus, Hinunangan, Philippines. 5 Center for Smallholder Horticulture andAgroforestry Research and Extension, Southern
Leyte State University-Hinunangan Campus, Hinunangan, Philippines.

P.1084 Salicornioideae in
Western Europe and North
Africa: exploring diversity,
ecological traits, andbiogeography of perennial
taxa
Esteban Ramírez1, Irene Sánchez-Gavilán1,
Lourdes Rufo2, Daniel Sánchez-Mata3,
Nuria Rodríguez4, Ricardo Amils5, Vicentade la Fuente1
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain. 3
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
4 Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 5
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.
This study aims to understand the distribution andecological behavior of the main genera and species
within the subfamily Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae) in the Mediterranean and
Atlantic territories of the Western European areas
and North Africa which show a woody habit. Specifically, we focus on Arthrocnemum, Halocnemum,
and Sarcocornia genera. In this contribution, we provide new data and perspectives on two Arthrocnemum species (A. macrostachyum, A. meridionale),

A total of 44 families, 89 genera and 103 beach forest
species were identified. The most numbered family is Euphorbiaceae (9), Leguminosae (8) species,
Compositae and Poaceae (7) and Rubiaceae (6),Malvaceae (5) Araceae, Convolvulaceae (4), while
the rest of the genera have three to fewer species.
Among the sites, Habag beach forest is the most diverse with 38 families, 80 genera, 95 species followed
by Pagbabangnan beach forest with 25 families, 32
genera and 32 species and Casuguran beach forest
with 21 families, 30 genera, 33 species. Thefindingsof the study would be a great help to at least fill thegap on the scarcity of data on the beach flora species on the Philippine Island. The forest of Homonhon Island is affected by mining activities, with thedepressing threats of extinction at hand. It is hopedthat the findings of this study will encourage more
researchers to perform a floristic survey of the Philippine beach forest to catalogue the species before
they become prey to extinction.

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P.1086 Checklist of theEcuadorian Páramo
vascular flora
Katya Romoleroux1, Priscilla Muriel1, Petr
Sklenář2, Carmen Ulloa Ulloa3, David
Espinel1,4 Chaquira Romoleroux1, Joel Calvo5
1 Laboratorio de Botánica Sistemática, Herbario
QCA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito,
Ecuador. 2 Department of Botany, Charles University of Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic. 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA. 4
Bonn Institute of Organismic Biodiversity, Universityof Bonn, Bonn, Germany. 5 Conservatoire et Jardin
Botaniques, Département de la Culture et de laTransition Numérique, Geneva, Switzerland.
The Páramos is a neotropical mountainous biome of
the northern and central Andes that plays an essential role in regional and global cycles of water, carbon and nutrients. The Páramos and their plants act
as water reserves, delivering water and environmental services to communities and settlements at lower
altitudes. The Ecuadorian Páramos are integrated byseveral ecosystems, whose plant composition vary
according to climate, altitude, geology, biogeographic
history, and disturbance degree. The present investigation is based on field work, bibliographic data andsearch of collections in herbaria. We have recorded 1,865 vascular plant species, which is the highest
number of species cited for this biome in Ecuador(1,649 Angiosperms, 211 Pteridophytes and five Gymnosperms), of which 1,119 are native, 708 are endemic to
Ecuador, and 38 are introduced. We have found thatthe five most diverse families in this biome were: Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae, Melastomataceae,
and Campanulaceae; whereas the five richest genera are: Epidendrum, Elaphoglossum, Phlegmariurus,
Calceolaria, and Senecio. Ecuadorian Páramos have ahigh percentage of endemism (40%), especially in the
narrower and more fragmented altitudinal belt, theseunique species contribute to the formation of complex
communities that change from north to south andalong altitudinal gradients. Although these Páramos
contain one of the highest numbers of native and endemic species in relation to their area, they are very
vulnerable to environmental changes and other anthropogenic processes, that is why most of these species are now endangered. It is necessary to continue
with the study of the Páramos to have a complete andupdated checklist of the flora species, which will serve
as a basic tool for conservation and decision-making
processes in this important Andean landscape.

P.1087 Water ecologicalrequirements of Characeae
taxa in Spain and theirvariations at infraspecificand geographical levels
Borja Sanz1, Herminio Boira1, María Ferriol1
1 Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
Characeae are basic components of continental
underwater meadows. Their presence is strongly
influenced by quality and chemical compositionof water. Spain has a great variety of water ecosystems with different hydric conditions. The aim of
this study is to assess the ecological requirementsof Characeae taxa growing in different Spanish
water basins, and to analyse whether infraspecificlevels or localities affect these requirements. Single pairs of the presence of a given Characeae
taxon in a given location and the chemical composition of water at that location were searchedin the literature. More than 600 pairs data wereobtained from 25 publications, which included 33
different taxa belonging to genera Chara, Lamprothamnium, Nitella, Nitellopsis, and Tolypella.
Water electric conductivity, which correlated toconcentrations of salt, chloride, and magnesium,
was one of the most determinant parameters
for the distribution of Characeae taxa. The mosttolerant species to salinity was L. papulosum. Nitellopsis obtusa and some taxa of Tolypella andChara showed an intermediate tolerance, while
the rest of the taxa could not tolerate salinity. Most
taxa developed in alkaline, basic waters althoughsome were able to grow in slightly acidic waters
in some locations. Although the water concentrations of calcium could also affect the distributionof some Characeae taxa, Ca2+/Mg2+ was moreable to detect ecological differences. Differences in water electric conductivity among locations
from central Spain and the south-east coast was
detected for T. hispanica. Water in which C. hispida populations grew showed different levels ofelectric conductivity and Ca2+/Mg2+ according togeographical areas and irrespectively of varieties,
probably due to a high phenotypic plasticity in thisspecies. The opposite occurred for C. vulgaris, inwhich more differences were found among varieties than among locations.

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P.1088 The contribution ofold and new residential
areas in urban flora
diversity: A case study in
Bucharest, Romania
Mihaela Urziceanu1,2, Petronela CamenComănescu1,3, Alina Georgiana Cîşlariu1,
Ioana-Minodora Sîrbu1, Eugenia
Nagodă1,3, Daniela Clara Mihai1, Maria
Raicu3, Paulina Anastasiu1,3
1 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Bucharest, Romania. 2 Research Institute of the Universityof Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. 3 University of
Bucharest, Botanic Garden “D. Brandza”, Bucharest,
Romania.
Urban biodiversity research has gained global recognition for its positive impact on human well-being
and ecosystem services. Our study addresses the increasing importance of urban flora in the context of a
rapidly changing society. Urban environments, characterized by both native and introduced species, offer
favorable conditions for diverse plant species. In thisstudy, we focused on understanding the floristic diversity in old and new residential environments, including
the historical center and areas with houses, apart-

ment buildings and boulevards in Bucharest, Romania.
A comprehensive floristic inventory was conductedduring the year 2023, covering a 1 ha plot in each designated area. The results revealed a total of 560 planttaxa, including 260 alien species, and also 20 native
species of conservation value. Comparative analyses
using various biodiversity metrics revealed different
levels of resemblance and disparity among the areas.
Old residential areas, especially old houses and apartment buildings, exhibit higher homogeneity, while thehistorical center shows similarities with new residential
zones, differing from new or old boulevards. Correlation analyses reveal negative correlation between theage of residential areas and the total species richness
and alien species richness, respectively. In contrast, a
positive correlation exists between the age of residential zones and the number of species of conservation
value, indicating an increase in rare species richness
with the aging of residential areas. Notably, new residential areas predominantly feature horticultural ornamental species; surprisingly, there are also occasional appearances of spontaneous native species,
even though they may be few, maintaining a touch ofnaturalness in the urban landscape. Our findings emphasize the influence of human urban managementon plant diversity and richness. This study contributes
valuable data to the understanding of urban flora in
Bucharest, offering insights that can inform conservation policies and urban development strategies.

S.127. PLANT DIVERSITY, BIOGEOGRAPHY ANDEVOLUTION IN THE TROPICS FOR CONSERVATION,RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE.
P.1089 Linking beta diversityof plant community
composition withanthropogenic actions intropical high-elevation
peatlands
Carlos Victor Mendonça Filho1, Alexandre
Christófaro Silva2, Diego Tassinari2,
Fabiane Nepomuceno Costa1, Lucia
Porto1, Yasmine Antonini3

1 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e
Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil. 2 Laboratório Integradode Pesquisas Multiusuário dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales
do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil. 3
Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio
Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto,
Ouro Preto, Brazil.
The plant community of peatlands is poorly studied in
the tropical regions. Nonetheless, these environments
provide valuable ecosystem services, including supporting biodiversity. In these habitats, an apparent environmental filtering effect limits non-adapted species
from occurring, generating a taxonomic-functional
mismatch. Despite being very rich in species, these560

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environments have been vectors of human activities
that can contribute to the destruction of peatlands,
but they can also have different effects on the different
groups of plants. Little is known about the drivers that
determine plant distribution patterns in peatlands. To
fill these knowledge gaps, we conducted vegetation
surveys at 12 peatland sites both in protected andimpacted areas in the high elevations of Espinhaço
Mountain Range in Brazil. To test whether the dissimilarity of plants between protected and impacted
peatlands is driven by species turnover or nestedness
over impacted and protected peatlands, we calculated the beta (β) diversity of plants using the multiplicative partitioning of diversity. In addition, to test whether
the β-diversity of the plant is determined by the variation of abiotic conditions (C, Slope, Fertility, and Elevation) we built Generalized Linear Models (GLM). The
total beta diversity was significantly different between
protected and impacted bogs due to the changes
in C content, fertility, and slope. Also, species turnover
was explained by changes in C content and fertility.
In summary, our investigation into the plant communities of tropical peatlands has uncovered critical insights into the ecological dynamics of these poorly
studied ecosystems. Despite their inherent biodiversity and the provision of valuable ecosystem services,tropical peatlands are facing a pressing challenge
due to anthropogenic activities that contribute to theirdegradation. Our study reveals a notable taxonomic-functional mismatch in these environments, highlighting an environmental filtering effect that shapes
the morphological similarity of phylogenetically diverse peatland species while limiting the occurrenceof non-adapted species.

P.1090 Preliminary
phylogenetic andtaxonomic studies of
the genus Hypoestes(Acanthaceae) with a focus
on Malagasy species.

Madagascar, with 91 endemic species in the flora
area. The last taxonomic work on Hypoestes in Madagascar was done by Benoist, who described many
new species between 1920 and 1962 but never published a key. The difficulty of identifying Hypoestes has
meant that the genus is undercollected, and mostMalagasy collections are not identified to species level. While numerous floral and vegetative characters
useful for species delimitation exist, they do not varyin concert; homoplasy appears to be widespread.
Here, we present a phylogenetic and biogeographic
study of Hypoestes using the Angiosperms353 universal probe set to amplify DNA extracted from over 200
herbarium specimens, with outgroups including species of Rhinacanthus Nees, Dicliptera Juss., and Justicia L. We conducted preliminary studies of herbarium
material to provide determinations for as many sampled specimens as possible, and briefly describe theunpublished identification resources created for thispurpose. However, many Malagasy specimens remain
unidentifiable, and it appears that a significant number of undescribed species are present in herbarium
material. Our preliminary phylogenetic results identify
monophyletic subclades and demonstrate that somenames have been misapplied to distinct lineages,
both in Madagascar and elsewhere, particularly in Africa. These results will facilitate future taxonomic studies in the group and provide us with a more complete
understanding of the diversity of Malagasy Hypoestes.

P.1091 Exploring acoustic
features of buzzing bees as
an indicator of bee diversity
and their efficiency inporicidal flower pollination
César A. Arvelos1, Vinicius L. G. Brito1
1 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia,
Brazil.

Wendy L. Applequist1, Michael Landis2,
Emily Warschefsky1
1 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, U.S.A. 2 Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, U.S.A.
Hypoestes Sol. ex R.Br. (Acanthaceae, Justiceae) is aherbaceous to shrubby genus characterized by resupinate corollas and monothecal anthers. It is widespread in the Old World tropics but most diverse in

Biodiversity is often measured by species richness
and abundance, yet indirect methods like acoustic analysis can offer an alternative approach to
studying communities and the role of species intheir ecosystem. Bee acoustics are relatively understudied but provide a vital functional contribution to ecosystems. Sonicating bee species produce different sounds during their interactions
with flowers. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the acoustic features of bee
sonication and the diversity of visiting species on

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pollen release. We observed and recorded bee
visits in a population of Rhynchanthera grandiflora, calculated acoustic indices, and examined
their associations with bee diversity as well as theamount of pollen released from the anthers. The
acoustic indices proved to be reliable predictorsof bee diversity. However, we believe these indicesbetter predict functional diversity rather than species diversity. Pollen release is positively related toacoustic diversity when there are few bee visitors,
but this relationship becomes inverted when visitors are abundant. In summary, this study highlights the utility of vibrational features of sonicating bees in assessing functional diversity within
the community and its effect on pollination.

P.1092 New floristic records
and phytogeographicalnotes on the vascular floraof the Maamora-ZemmourZaer regionlis Hook.f. and Euphorbia hypericifolia L.) belonging to five families and seven genera. These taxa
have been reported as new in several localities in
Man-3, in particular in the two cities of Rabat and
Kenitra. According to IUCN Red List criteria, one ofthese species (Dysphania multifida) is Least concern (low risk of extinction) and three species arenaturalized weeds in Morocco (Galinsoga quadriradiata; Aphanes australis and Cestrum parqui).
The species Euphorbia hypericifolia, native to
tropical and subtropical America, is mentioned
for the first time in Morocco in this work as an introduced species. Information on the distribution,
ecology, habitat and conservation status of thesetaxa are provided. These new data complete thebiogeographical distribution of certain taxa of the
Moroccan vascular flora.

P.1093 Functional strategies
and environmental
adaptation: intraspecificvariations of Amazon
restinga species.

Benkhnigue Ouafae1,*, Boudik Soukayna2,Zidane Lahcen2, Moujahdi Chouaib1, El
Oualidi Jalal1

Luane Botelho1, Mateus C. Silva2, Handria
J. A. da Costa3, Ely Simone C. Gurgel3,
Grazielle Sales Teodoro4

1 Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat,
Morocco. 2 Plant, Animal Productions and Agro-industry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Facultyof Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco. *benkhnigue@gmail.com.
Morocco, with its geographical and climatic diversity, is one of the Mediterranean countries withthe greatest diversity of flora and is home to an
exceptionally rich (5280 species according toFennane et al. (2023). The vascular flora of Morocco seems to be relatively well known in North
Africa, but it is still less studied than that of European countries such as Spain, France and Italy. In this context, we provide in this work several
information on the systematics, biogeographicaldistribution and chorology of exotic species newly
reported in the Maamora-Zemmour-Zaer region
in Morocco. Recent fieldwork in this region, which
is a part of the geographical division known as
North Atlantic Morocco-3 (Man-3), has enabled us
to report for the first time the presence of sevenexotic species (Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin& Clemants; Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.;
Aphanes australis Rydb. Cestrum parqui (Lam.)
L’Hér.; Ambrosia psylostachya DC.; Cotula austra-

1 Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil. 2
Department of Geography, Faculty of Environment,
Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter,
UK. 3 Botany Department, Museu Paraense Emílio
Goeldi, Belém, Brazil. 4 Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Functional
morphophysiologicalcharacteristics play a crucial role in the life of plants, influencing their growth, establishment, and survival,
especially in the face of environmental heterogeneity. Plants adopt various strategies to copewith these variations, such as acquisitive strategies, more associated with forests, and conservative strategies, common in savanna areas. These
strategies directly impact the productivity andtolerance capacity of plants in environments withlimited resources. Intraspecific variation is essential for plants to adapt to different environments,
influencing their distribution and abundance. The
restinga, due to its vegetation diversity, serves as
an excellent model for investigating intraspecificvariation. In this study, we investigated how environmental gradients affect the plasticity of functional leaf and wood attributes of two abundant562

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species in the Amazon restinga: Clusia grandiflora
Split. (Clusiaceae) and Anacardium occidentale L.
(Anacardiaceae). We conducted our study in therestinga areas of the Environmental Protection
Area (APA) of Ilha de Algodoal, Maracanã, on the
coast of Pará state, Brazil. We evaluated attributes
such as leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter
content, and wood density in three physiognomies:
dunes, shrubland, and forest. We used analysis ofvariance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test tocompare functional attributes between species,
respecting the assumptions for parametric analyses. We observed that C. grandiflora maintains
more conservative characteristics, while A. occidentale exhibits more acquisitive traits, varying
according to physiognomy. Our results indicatethat species respond differently to environmental
limitations, demonstrating a diversity of responses to environmental heterogeneity. These findings
highlight the importance of understanding intraspecific variations in species, which is still poorly
studied, and the adaptive strategies of plants fortheir survival and success in different ecosystems.

P.1094 Commonness as areliable surrogacy strategy
for the conservation
planning of rare tree species
in the subtropical Atlantic
ForestGuilherme Salgado Grittz1, Giesta Maria O.
Machado1, Alexander Christian Vibrans1,
André L. de Gasper1
1 Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau,
Brazil.
Global biodiversity is declining at rates never seen
before. At the same time, resources directed at conservation planning still fall orders of magnitude short.
Thus, efficient allocation of resources is needed toprioritize regions that can shelter more biodiversity.
A usual approach to identify priority areas for conservation is to map species distribution and use thisinformation as input in spatial prioritization software.
Since data on common species are more readily
available, final maps of priority areas for conservation are heavily biased towards this group, overlooking rare species. Thus, we created ranking priority
maps for common and rare tree species separately, aiming to comprehend if prioritizing areas for theconservation of common trees is enough to protect
rare trees all at once. Then, we overlapped our priority
maps with maps of current protected areas (PAs) to
identify if the latter already cover areas designated in
our models. Our results show that common tree species can act as surrogates for rare tree species sinceboth groups priority maps overlap with more than
70% of their area. Yet, most of the current PAs do notcover significant areas for protecting tree species, revealing an urgent need to expand or create new PAs
to safeguard the local biodiversity.

P.0944 Fifteen years
inventorying: How can aforest inventory improve asmall herbarium collection?
André L. de Gasper1, Alexander C. Vibrans1,
Giesta Maria O. Machado1, Guilherme S.
Grittz1
1 Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau,
Brazil.
Since 2007, the Floristic and Forest Inventory of Santa Catarina (FlorestaSC) has been dedicated to
studying the subtropical Atlantic forests of Brazil, ashrinking biodiversity hotspot. By employing 449 systematically distributed plots, the project conducted
a comprehensive sampling of the entire state’s area
on two occasions, encompassing all forest vegetational types. In the first cycle of measurements (2007– 2011), 24,686 specimens were sampled, while thesubsequent cycle (2014 – 2020) featured a reduced
yet substantial sample size of 6,108 specimens. Despite the sampling decrease, 303 new species wereincorporated into the project’s findings. Jointly, bothmeasurement cycles amounted to more than 30
thousand specimens, distributed within 2,923 uniquespecies, constituting 40% of the entire state’s flora,and encompassing 244 botanical families. FlorestaSC, beyond its extensive representation of 2,501
angiosperms species collected, also gathered 308
pteridophytes, 23 lycophytes, and six gymnosperms.
Over 90% of the inventoried flora is native to the region. Taxonomically, the project made significant
contributions, including four holotypes, one isoneotype, one isotype, and 16 paratypes. Simultaneously, it distributed more than 20 thousand duplicatesto 63 Brazilian herbaria. In addition to its substantial
contributions, it is noteworthy that FlorestaSC has
played a crucial role in improving a small herbari-563

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um collection. Today, the project stands as a major
contributor to FURB herbarium collection. Created in1991 at the Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, the herbarium wasnamed after Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein, a notorious
botanist who extensively studied the flora of the region together with Raulino Reitz. Nowadays, nearly
half of all FURB herbarium samples originate from
FlorestaSC efforts. Evidently, the project stands asa foundational resource for the state’s flora studies,
further enhancing and enriching the understandingof the region’s unique biodiversity.

areas of endemism are located in the central andnorthwest part of the country.

P.1095 Areas of endemismof the Mexican bromeliads

Axel Gualdoni-Becerra1, Nathaly
Guerrero-Ramirez1, Holger Kreft1.

Ivonne N. Gomez , Mario A. Espejo , Tania
Escalante2, Claudia Ballesteros1

The loss and fragmentation of natural ecosystems
caused by the expansion of agricultural frontiers
has become one of the main threats to global biodiversity. The rate of forest loss in the South American Chaco Dry Forest is among the highest in theworld. Deforestation is mainly due to the expansion of agriculture and cattle ranching, generating highly fragmented landscapes. This land-use
change together with regulations that promote
the creation of linear forest strips with native vegetation remnants, lead to forest forest fragmentation and create strong edge effects. Yet, the effect of fragmentation on multiple facets of plant
diversity remains understudied in the area. Here,
we analyse the vegetation of the Dry Chaco forest
across a precipitation and deforestation gradient to understand the role of fragmentation andedge effects on the community assembly, theimpacts of multiple facets of biodiversity on thefunctioning of a disturbed ecosystem, and how remote sensing indices capture these disturbances.
The main hypothesis is that multifaceted diversity
decreases along the precipitation gradient, witha greater decrease in the forest patches than in
the forest strips, who initially have a lower diversity
than the forest patches. We are conducting comprehensive woody species´ diversity inventories
along a 380 km precipitation transect in the Dry
Chaco Forest of Argentina. Our study covers forest
strips, patches and natural reserves, incorporatingtaxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity,
alongside remote sensing indices. Soil parameters
are also measured to control for grazing intensity.
NDVI is obtained by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
and structural complexity indices by a LiDAR scanner. The expected findings will provide deeper insights into the processes and mechanisms under-

1

P.1096 The Dry Chaco
Forest: multiple facetsof plant diversity andecosystem functioning
along a deforestation &precipitation gradient

1 University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

1

1 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de
México, Mexico. 2 Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Mexican bromeliads include 460 species, 70% ofthem restricted to the country. Many of them haveclose relationships with their pollinators (hummingbirds, bees and bats), and a high economic andcultural value. Areas of Endemism (AE) are distributional patterns based on homopatry, and theiridentification allows to identify the areas for bromeliads conservation. In order to identify areas of endemism of bromeliads restricted to Mexico, we used
the Endemicity Analysis (EA) by means of the NDM/
VNDM software. A data matrix with 6,394 geographic records of Bromeliaceae including 325 Mexican
species, was analyzed using three cell sizes (2° latitude-longitude, 1° and 0.5°). The cell with the highest
number of records was 799, 370, 198 and a richnessof 91, 56, 35 species, in 2°, 1º y 0.5º grades cells respectively. Five consensus AE were identified for Mexican
bromeliads for the 2º grid, which are located in thecenter and northwest of the country. While for the 1ºgrid, 9 consensus areas were obtained, one locatedon the borders of Sonora and Chihuahua, and theothers in the states that face the Pacific slope, from
Jalisco to Chiapas. For the 0.5º grid, 6 consensus areas were obtained, which are located on the limits
where the following entities Jalisco-Colima, Guerrero-Morelos, Puebla-Oaxaca-Veracruz join. For eachgrid size there are Consensus Areas that include thegreatest number of species, 17 and 10 endemic species for 2º grids, 16 and 9 for 1º, and 7 and 6 for 0.5.
With this preliminary analysis it is observed that the564

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pinning biodiversity changes in highly fragmented
areas with a strong anthropogenic influence.

P.1097 Nuclear
phylogenomic allows
breakthrough ontaxonomy and evolution
on neotropical Hyptidinae(Lamiaceae)

phylogenies and the need of a solid morphologicalbase to propose taxonomic decisions based on phylogenetic results.

P.0098 The Costa Brava(coast of NE Spain) as afocus of plant invasions:floristic novelties resulting
from the first steps of the
LIFE

Guilherme Antar1, Raymond M. Harley2,
Felix Forest2, Alexandre Zuntini2, José F.
Pastore3, Arthur S. Soares4
1 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond,
UK. 3 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,
Curitibanos, Brazil. 4 Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Hyptidinae is a mostly neotropical subtribe currently
with 19 genera and ca. 400 species. When the group
was first monographed by Benth, the segregation of
Hyptis in different genera, was already discussed due
the huge diversity of the problematic genus Hyptis,
which was instead segregated in 20 sections. Two
phylogenies based on Sanger sequencing established a new classification for this subtribe, however
the recognition of some genera, and the relationships
between taxa remained poorly supported and controversial. We present a new phylogeny for Hyptidinae
based on a broad sampling and high-throughput sequencing with a target-capture methodology basedon the Angiosperms353 probe kit. We recovered sequences for 67 samples, covering all Hyptidinae genera, plus nine outgroups obtained via PAFTOL project
or available transcriptomic data. The species tree wasinferred using multispecies coalescence (in Astral),based on individual gene trees inferred with maximum likelihood. Our results support the subtribe as
monophyletic and most of genera proposed in previous studies with the exception of Hyptis and Hypenia. Hyptidendron is recognized as monophyletic for
the first time and the backbone relationships between
genera are improved. Based on all the phylogenies
produced and morphological data, we provide a new
key to Hyptidinae genera as well as an update to thetaxonomic status of the subtribe, with the propositionof the new monospecific genus Myriohyptis. Additionally, three new species combinations and one reestablishment are proposed. Our results highlight thepotential of genomic data to solve poorly supported

Carlos Gómez-Bellver1, Neus Ibáñez1, Neus
Nualart1, Arnau Bosch-Guiu1, Jordi LópezPujol1
1 Botanic Institute of Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain.
The Costa Brava, the coastal strip of ca. 250 km
stretching from the French-Spanish border toBlanes, is known for its rugged appearance, with
abundant sea cliffs, in clear contrast to othernearby coastal areas characterized by long sandy beaches. As a result of the interaction of various factors, including a complex topography, aprofound transformation of the habitat and an
enormous tourism development, the Costa Brava
has become a focus of plant invasions, probably the most important in the whole Iberian Peninsula. In order to prevent new introductions ofalien plants and improve the management ofinvasive species already present, a project within the LIFE Program of the European Union is underway. This project is focused on Vegetated sea
cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic
Limonium spp. (EUNIS, 2019). The initial phase ofthis project (LIFE medCLIFFS; https://lifemedcliffs.
org/es/) required the design of a set of transects(about a hundred) of 0.5–1 km in length distributed throughout the coast of the Costa Brava;
these small strips of coastline are being monitored by volunteers (trained citizen scientists)
with the aim of early detection of new invasiveplants and monitoring the different species already observed. Since early 2022, as a result of
the fieldtrips derived from the design of the transects and the volunteers’ observations, we wereable to detect a large number of species observed as subspontaneous for the first time in thiscoastal region, some of which are novelties evenat a European scale (such as Agave parryi and
Heptapleurum arboricola).

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P.1098 Assessment ofsample completeness andspecies diversity of woody
plants in Angola

P.1099 Characterization,
kinetics and catalytic
application of silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs)
synthesized from Crinum
moorei

Edwin Imfumu1, Tsutomu Enoki2, Buntarou
Kusumoto3
1 Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan. 2 Ashoro Research Forest, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu
University, Japan. 3 Kasuya Research Forest, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan.
Angola has been identified as one of the tropical African nations with the most limited data availability on
biodiversity. To evaluate the current state of knowledge of woody plants in Angola, this study seeks toquantitatively assess the extent of available data by i)quantifying sample completeness and ii) estimating
species diversity. We compiled species occurrence
data for woody plants from the existing databases,
including Global Biodiversity Information Facility, andother published materials. The final dataset included
14,364 occurrence points from 2,865 woody speciesof 146 families. We estimated the sample completeness and species diversity at province level using the
Hill number approach based on species incidence
data at a scale of 10 km × 10 km grid cells. We evaluated the woody plant data by a four-step framework:
1) assessing sample completeness with changing
sensitivity to species incidence frequencies, 2) drawing sample-size-based rarefaction/extrapolation
curves, and comparing empirical and asymptotic diversity profiles, 3) performing non-asymptotic coverage-based rarefaction/extrapolation analysis, and 4)
evaluating evenness among species incidence frequency distributions. The sample completeness profile shows substantial variability in the coverage rateof detected species across the 18 provinces ranging
from 12% in Zaire to 46% in Luanda Norte and Lunda
Sul, and 89% in Huíla, suggesting that each dataset
contained many undetected species. Focusing on
the highly frequent species group, the undetected
species range from 31 to 342 for Cuando Cubango
and Lunda Norte, respectively. Unsaturated sample-diversity curves indicate the existing data is not
sufficient to accurately infer the true woody species
diversity at the province level. The evenness profileshows that the species are evenly distributed in eachprovince. The results provide insights into the need formore botanical collections across the country with ahigh priority in the Eastern half of the country.

Sailee S. Raut1, Utkarsha M. Lekhak1
1 Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, India.
Nanoparticles such as carbon, metal, bio-originated,etc. have been synthesized by a variety of physical,
chemical and biological methods. Biological methods
that employ bacteria, fungi and plants for the synthesisof metal nanoparticles are sustainable and eco-friendly. Among the biological methods, plants being acleaner and greener source are widely accepted. We studied the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using
the root and leaf extract of 15 different Crinum species.
Among all the species, the highest synthesis was observed in the case of Crinum moorei which was detected by a peak at 390 nm under a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optimization of AgNP synthesis from
C. moorei root extract was performed based on extract
concentration (1 %), salt concentration (1.5 mM), pH (9)and temperature (30°C). The kinetics study of AgNPs
exhibited a rate constant of P.609 h-1. AgNPs were alsocharacterized using TEM, SEM, FTIR, XRD, NTA and DLS.
AgNPs catalysed the decolorization of Congo red, anazo dye. Our studies provide an additional approachfor controlling pollution caused by dyes and colorants.
These green synthesized nanoparticles are biocompatible and therefore can be used in various fields suchas food industry, medicine, cosmetics, textile, etc.

P.1100 An integrated
approach to theclassification of potential
vegetation in western
Mexico566

Norma Y. Ochoa-Ramos1, Miguel Á.
Macías-Rodríguez2, Joaquín Giménezde Azcárate3, Alejandro González-Pérez1,
Sara del Río González4
1 Department of Botany, University of Leon, Leon,
Spain. 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. 3

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Department of Botany, University of Santiago deCompostela, Lugo, Spain. 4 Department of Botany, University of Leon, Mountain Livestock InstituteCSIC-UNILEON, Leon, Spain.
Western Mexico includes the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Colima and Aguascalientes, covering
an area of 178,000 km2 with an altitude range fromsea level to 4260 m (Nevado de Colima). The regionis characterized by mountain ranges and volcanoes
that converge in two directions: one parallel to the
Pacific Ocean coast, consisting of the Western Sierra
Madre and the Southern Sierra Madre, and the other running east to west, known as the Trans-Mexican
Volcanic Belt. The geographical location and physiographic diversity of the area contribute significantly toits bioclimatic diversity and phytocenosis. This study
aims to identify different types of vegetation or plantformations and establish the characteristic climacic
domain of the study area using a hierarchical system.
The domains were defined by considering dominant
species, biogeography and bioclimatic characterization. This approach is based on the informationfrom the land use and vegetation map of Mexico, INEGI Series VII. We also considered works proposed for
Mexico by Miranda and Hernández X., Rzedowski, andGonzález-Medrano, as well as the Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System by Rivas-Martínez andother complementary sources of information. The
proposal provides a comprehensive and up-to-date
perspective, improving the understanding of the present biological wealth. Furthermore, this methodology
could be effectively applied throughout Mexico.

P.1101 Urban ecologicalrestoration of a coastal
vegetation: the Fundão
islandGisele Paixão1,2, Dulce Mantuano2

1- UERJ, Brazil. 2 - Plant Ecophysiology Lab, UFRJ,
Brazil.

shrubby restinga area in an urban environment.
We conducted a preliminary floristic survey andselected restinga species based on functional
attributes of water resistance and pollution resistance. Fifteen native restinga species were planted in the sandy coastal line on Ilha do Fundão.
The location is heavily impacted by the arrival ofsolid waste during tidal variations. Its urban use
includes fishing, ritualistic use, sports use, andpedestrian traffic. Exotic species and native species of herbaceous and arboreal life forms were
found. Planting included a diversity of life forms,
was done in clumps, the seedlings were not fertilized. Survival rates varied among species, with
Eugenia uniflora, Senna pendula, Guapira opposita being the most successful and Ouratea cuspidata having the highest mortality rate (22%).
The rates of individual loss were low despite thehigh summer temperatures and the absence of
irrigation. The choice of specific restinga species
appears to play an important role in the successof reforestation in this environment, although
the availability of seedlings is a challenge prior
to planting. It is urgent to preserve and restore
coastal ecosystems, as the occurrence area ofnative vegetation contributes to environmental
resilience, biodiversity, and urban quality of life.
Reforestation of Ilha do Fundão’s restingas creates a new area of occurrence for this flora on
the coast of Rio de Janeiro, where this ecosystem
is virtually nonexistent.

P.1102 Understanding
carbon storage dynamics
in Ayeyarwady Delta’s
mangrove ecosystem
in Myanmar: insights forrestoration efforts

The restoration of urban restingas requires specific techniques due to extreme modifications inbiotic and abiotic factors in the urban ecosystem, in addition to contemporary environmental
changes in coastal environments. Until 2016, thecity of Rio de Janeiro had a significant shortageof remaining restinga vegetation areas, representing only 0.78% of the municipality’s natural
coverage. The aim of this study was to develop
methodology and assess the effectiveness of restoring a closed creeping psammophilous and567

Bikram Pandey1, Saroj Koirala2,3, Htay
Aung4, Li Rong1, Arbindra Timilsina5, Soe
Thaw Thaw Htun4, Joacim Kontny3, Htun
Thiri Naing3
1 CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany,
Kunming, Yunnan, China. 2 University of Jyväskylä,
Finland. 3 Worldview International Foundation, Yangon, Myanmar. 4 Department of Marine Science,
Pathein University, Pathein Township, Myanmar. 5
Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics

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and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
Mangroves are highly valued for their ecosystem services, providing a wide range of ecological, social, andeconomic benefits, including their role as carbon-richecosystems. Recent research suggests that preserving mangrove forests can offer a cost-effective strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions. However, extensive
deforestation has placed mangrove ecosystems under severe global threats. Currently, the assessmentof mangrove restoration outcomes, particularly regarding soil carbon stocks, is inadequate. Therefore,
this study aims to investigate the impact of restoration
on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the Shwe Thaung Yan,
Ayeyarwady coastal region of Myanmar. The study
aimed to quantify and compare carbon stocks in different soil layers, examine the carbon sequestration
potential of various mangrove species, and evaluate
the effectiveness of mangrove restoration efforts. Soilsamples were collected in 2015 (pre-restoration) and
2021 (post-restoration) at various soil depths and analyzed for SOC concentration, organic matter content, and bulk density using the Loss on Ignition (LOI)
procedure. Significant changes in soil properties wereobserved between 2015 and post-restoration in 2021,
with higher SOC and carbon concentrations observedin 2021. The average soil carbon stocks in 2021 (1954.43± 33.24 Mg C ha-1) were approximately 2.7 times higher than the estimated carbon stocks in 2015 (732.26± 6.99 Mg C ha-1). Furthermore, the study revealed
variations in SOC accumulation among different soil
depths, with higher carbon stocks found in the upper
soil layers. This study highlights the positive impact ofmangrove restoration on SOC accumulation and emphasizes the significance of considering soil carbon
dynamics in restoration initiatives. The findings offer
valuable insights for the conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems, especially concerning
their potential for carbon sequestration and their contribution to mitigating climate change.

biodiversity hotspot have been the focus of scientificinterest for many years. Four main, non-mutually exclusive mechanisms played a role in the assemblageof Caribbean flora: late Cretaceous vicariance, colonization through land bridges like GAARlandia and GRANOLA, long-distance overwater dispersal, and in-situ
speciation. During the last decade, with the development of new sequencing methodologies and biogeographical modelling, the evolutionary knowledge ofan increasing number of Caribbean plant groups has
improved considerably. However, scant research has
merged this new information to elucidate the relative
importance of the above mechanisms on the origin
of Caribbean flora. We hypothesize that species isolation during the Mid-Miocene climatic optimum could
have triggered most of the in-situ speciation eventsin Caribbean plant lineages. We also hypothesize that
long-distance overwater dispersal was the predominant mode of arrival of plant lineages into the Caribbean. To test this, we propose to compile publisheddated molecular plant phylogenies that sample Caribbean endemic lineages and their proposed areasof origin to estimate speciation and colonization event
accumulation through time. BioGeoBEARS will be used
for those lineages with an available dated phylogenetic tree but not a formal ancestral area range reconstruction. Our analysis will reveal any period in geological time when speciation and colonization eventswere high and link this period to specific climatic andgeological events. Timeframes of increased speciation and colonization of biota could guide the temporal framework for detailed geomorphological reconstructions in the Caribbean which are incomplete.

P.1104 Note on themorphology and molecular
data of the genus Paris in
ThailandSaroj Ruchisansakun1, Supajit Sraphet2,
Chatchai Yothawut3, Chompunooch
Thamanukornsri4, Nawarat Suksee2,
Panida Kongsawadworakul1, Nattaya
Srisawad2, Nicha Thawara1, Puangpaka
Umpunjun1, Supaporn Rodpradit5, Winai
Sangkaew6, Kanokporn Triwitayakorn2

P.1103 What do recent dated
phylogenetic trees tell us
about the assembly of the
Caribbean flora?
Víctor Pérez-Calle1, Julissa Roncal1
1 Department of Biology, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada.
The geographic origin and assembly mechanisms
behind the rich and unique flora of the Caribbean568

1 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 2 Institute of
Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon
Pathom, Thailand. 3 Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan,
Thailand. 4 Institute of Science, School of Mathe-

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matics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. 5 Queen Sirikit Botanic
Garden, Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang
Mai, Thailand.
The genus Paris presents an important and challenging taxonomic issue, as there is high variation within
species and distinguishing between species can bedifficult. Consequently, the classification of some taxa
has changed over time. In order to bring clarity to thestatus of Paris species for the purpose of plant conservation and effective management of this genus
in Thailand, we conducted a comprehensive survey
in northern Thailand. We analyzed the morphologicalcharacteristics and constructed a molecular phylogenetic tree, which we compared to recently published findings on this genus. Our study reveals that
Thailand is home to two species: P. yunnanensis and a
newly discovered species, P. siamensis. This study provides detailed descriptions, illustrations, and the phylogenetic position of these two species.

P.1105 Revision on the genus
Paris in Thailand
Saroj Ruchisansakun1, Supajit Sraphet2,
Chatchai Yothawut3, Chompunooch
Thamanukornsri4, Nawarat Suksee2,
Panida Kongsawadworakul1, Nattaya
Srisawad2, Nicha Thawara1, Puangpaka
Umpunjun1, Supaporn Rodpradit5, Winai
Sangkaew6, Kanokporn Triwitayakorn2
1 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.
2 Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. 3 Doi Phu
Kha National Park, Pua Nan, Thailand. 4 Institute of
Science, School of Mathematics, Suranaree University of Technology, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima,
Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. 5 Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Botanical Garden Organization, Mae
Rim, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 6 Faculty of Agricultural
Production, Maejo University, San Sai District, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
The genus Paris is a taxon of great importance andcomplexity, primarily due to the high variation observed within species and the challenges in defining
boundaries between different species. Consequently, the classification of certain taxa has undergonechanges over time. In order to shed light on the status of Paris species for the purposes of plant conservation and effective genus management in Thailand, we conducted an extensive survey in northern

Thailand. This study involved the examination ofmorphological characteristics and the constructionof a molecular phylogenetic tree, which we compared to recently published findings on this genus.
Our findings reveal the presence of two species inThailand: P. yunnanensis and a newly identified species, P. siamensis. In this article, we provide detailed
descriptions, illustrations, and the phylogenetic position of these two species.

P.1106 State of ourknowledge on theevolutionary relationships ofChrysobalanaceae
Cynthia A. Sothers1, Ghillean T. Prance1
1 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
Over the last years molecular phylogenetics has
played a major role in the changing taxonomic
landscape of the Chrysobalanaceae. The well-established morphological classification based onfour tribes was upturned and genera previously
thought to be close were found to be distantly related. Analyses using plastomes and more recently nuclear genomes show congruent results as wellas incongruences across analyses. We investigate
these results and propose hypotheses on the evolutionary relationships of the well-supported cladesand discuss putative reasons for the incongruenceof some genera. Chrysobalanaceae has a pantropical distribution and comprises 540 species in 27
genera. The Neotropics harbours the greatest number of taxa, represented by over 400 species in 16
genera. Africa is represented by ca. 50 species inseven genera and Australasia ca. 60 species in ten
genera. The megadiversity of the family in the lowland neotropics is discussed. It is among the top ten
most abundant families in terra firme forests of the
Amazon region. The flowers of all genera share one
distinct and stable character, the gynobasic style,and diversity in floral morphology among genera
centres on the position of the ovary on the receptacle (basal, apical, midway on wall of receptacle),number of ovary locules (1- or 2-locular), and presence/absence of petals. Parinari and Maranthes
are the only two pantropical genera in the family
and display distinct morphological adaptations for
germination, a character lacking in the neotropicalgenera. The Neotropical-Australasian clade is themost enigmatic of the family, from a morphological569

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and biogeographical viewpoint, and relationships
among genera are still unclear.

P.1107 Diversity, endemism
and conservation of
Pogostemon Desf.
(Lamiaceae) in Peninsular
India

P.1108 Complex evolutionary
history of Chusquea,
the most diverse genus
of Neotropical woody
bamboos (Poaceae,
Bambusoideae)
Kaio V. A. Vidal1, Lynn G. Clark2, Cassiano
A. D. Welker3, Evandro M. Pianissola1,
Reyjane P. Oliveira1Ashna Toms1, P Sunojkumar1
1 Department of Botany, University of Calicut,
Malappuram, Kerala, India.
Peninsular India (PI), once part of the Gondwana supercontinent, now forms the southern region of the
Indian subcontinent. Acting as a biotic ferry, PI facilitated floral exchange from Africa to Asia during
its collision with the Eurasian plate, and since then,it has been mediating the African-Asian biota exchange by overland migration or trans-oceanic dispersals. The genus Pogostemon (Lamiaceae,
Lamiales), originated in Southeast Asia, comprises
over 90 species distributed primarily in tropical andsubtropical Asia extending to Africa (5 spp.) andnorthern Australia (1sp). The genus has dispersed,
colonized and diversified throughout the Indian subcontinent, thriving with the highest diversity in PI. This
study aims to document the diversity and distribution of Pogostemon in PI, identifying its major centresof diversification and endemism. Through extensive
field surveys and herbarium consultations conducted as part of the study, 24 species and 4 varieties
were recorded from PI. The Western Ghats - Sri Lankan biodiversity hotspot emerged as the centre of diversity in PI, hosting all 28 taxa, representing 31% of
the global Pogostemon diversity. Moreover, PI also
showcases notable endemism, with 22 taxa endemic to the region, among them 19 taxa being endemic to the Western Ghats. A preliminary phylogenetic
analysis was also performed to explore whether PI
served as a secondary centre of origin. The study
also assessed the conservation status and threats
faced by the narrow endemics, revealing habitat
loss as a major threat, attributed to natural calamities, infrastructure development and conversion ofnatural land for agriculture. These findings contribute to our understanding of plant diversity and evolution in PI, highlighting the significance of the conservation of these regions.

1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil. 2 Iowa State University, Ames,
USA. 3 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) includes
about 200 accepted species widely distributed inmontane forests from Mexico to Argentina, Chile,and Brazil. Phylogenies involving this genus recover its monophyly, with five subgenera recognized inits circumscription. Two of them, C. subg. Chusquea
and C. subg. Swallenochloa, are non-monophyletic and together represent the Euchusquea clade.
Our main objective was to investigate internal relationships within the Euchusquea clade based on amolecular study using plastid (trnD-trnT and 3’ final
portion of ndhF) and nuclear (ITS) markers, as well as
to increase the sampling of species belonging to thesubgenera Chusquea and Swallenochloa, in order totest evolutionary hypotheses that better explain thegeographical structuring observed in this clade. Our
results corroborated the monophyly of Chusquea
and its main lineages, especially in the Euchusqueaclade. Within this clade, the relationships recovered here do not reflect the traditional classification
based on morphology, reinforcing geographicalstructuring as the main factor in species groupingin this clade. As a novelty, the inclusion in our studyof Peruvian species of this genus made it possible
to recover a clade containing only these species
with high support, named as clade (VII) C. simplicissima. Another important result was the inclusionof almost 85% of the accepted species of both subgenera Chusquea and Swallenochloa from Brazil,
confirming the monophyly of clade (VI) C. meyeriana, although the interspecific relationships in thisclade remain unclear. Additionally, from our data it
was possible to hypothesize multiple long-distancedispersal events as an important factor in the radiation and diversification of the main lineages inEuchusquea, which could also explain the grouping570

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Poster presentationsof its species based on their geographical proximity. Phylogenomic studies using plastomes are alsoin progress with members of Chusquea, in order tobetter understand its evolutionary history.

P.1109 The genetic profile
of an important oil nut
Rubroshorea: plastid
genome and MIG-seq
analysis of Rubroshorea
macrophylla

P.1110 Comprehensive
population analysis of S.
holostea in the herbaceous
layer of forest ecosystems in
Goettingen forest, DE
Nataliia Yaroshenko1, Viktoriia Skliar1
1 Department of Botany and Ecology, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine.

Wong Sin Yeng1, Ogary Kinshen1,2, Malcom
Demies3, Liu Jie4
1 Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Samarahan,
Sarawak, Malaysia. 2 Sarawak Forestry Corporation,
Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. 3 Forest Department
Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. 4 Kunming
Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
The Dipterocarpaceae is the foremost family of
hardwood timber trees of the humid Asian tropics.
Despite the seemingly wealth of publication material much remains to be accomplished in the dipterocarps, especially in species which are known to
produce Engkabang/Tengkawang/Teglam-fat richfruits, a high-quality high-melting-point fat. The first
aim of the study focused on the phylogenomic analysis of a subset of Rubroshorea species which produce Engkabang fats (R. macrophylla, R. splendida,
R. stenoptera, and R. pinanga). Plastid genomic dataof eight Rubroshorea and Shorea species (17 out of
18 accessions) were obtained and analysed. For thesecond part of the study, we have also carried out
de novo polymorphism in Rubroshorea macrophylla using multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing(MIG-seq). Ninety-six leaf samples were taken fromR. macrophylla grown in five different geographicallocations. The number of SNPs reported is 421 polymorphisms with a range of allele frequency from 1P.
% to 5P. %. It is hoped that this study will promote
non-timber uses among Rubroshorea and Shorea
spp. and thus conserve the diversity of these species in Sarawak.

In this study, we conducted plant population investigations in the Goettingen forest, located in Low
Saxony, Germany, in 2022-2023. Our research focused on six distinct populations of Stellaria holostea L. across six plots within the forest. These plots
encompassed varying tree species and forest management conditions, including a managed young
beech forest (Plot #1), a virgin beech forest (Plot #2),
and four managed old beech forest plots (Plots #36) subjected to different anthropogenic influences.
To assess these coenopopulations’ ontogenetic andvitality structures, we employed a range of scientificmethodologies, including geobotanical description,
morphometry analysis, complex vitality assessment,
and statistical data analysis. Morphometric analyses allowed us to discern the characteristic size parameters of S. holostea plants within each specifichabitat. Notably, our findings revealed that the ontogenetic spectra of S. holostea in areas varying in theintensity of anthropogenic influence exhibited incompleteness, except in the virgin forest plot, where
all ontogenetic stages were observed. We conducted a factor analysis to gauge vitality, identifying
critical morphological parameters unique to each
population. Our results indicated a pronounced level of resilience in coenopopulations residing in areas
devoid of forestry activities. Specifically, five of thesix S. holostea populations were classified as having
low vitality (class c). In contrast, the highest vitality
class (class a) was predominantly observed among
the populations residing in the virgin forest. This
study, utilizing S. holostea as an exemplar species,
highlights the considerable disruption that forestry
management imparts upon the herbaceous layerof forest ecosystems and underscores the resultant
degradation in population quality.

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S.128. PLANT ECOLOGY HOW AND WHY
GENOME SIZE MATTERS
P.1111 Larger genomes
evolve under temperaturestable environments inallohexaploid Rorippa indica

P.1112 On the evolutionary
significance of Pteronia
polyploids in the Greater
Cape Floristic Region

Ting-Shen Han1,2, Yao-Wu Xing1

Eliška Havlíčková1,2, Kristýna Šemberová1,Vojtěch Zeisek1,2, Terezie Mandáková3,4,
Douglas Euston-Brown5, Zuzana
Chumová1, Pavel Trávníček1

1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan,
China. 2 Department of Chromosome Biology, Max
Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
A common character across organisms is that weall have genomes. However, size and componentof genome change hugely. Why genomes vary solargely is an intriguing but less known question.
Here we used a group of Rorippa species, to decipher the evolutionary and ecological significancesof their cytological variation, including naturalvariation in genome sizes and ploidy levels acrosspopulations. Plants of Rorippa are naturally distributed in subtropical to tropical areas. Using flow cytometry, genome sizes of multiple individuals were
quantified, which showed as large as 128 Mb intraspecific variation among accessions than that of23 Mb in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome size variation of Rorippa plants was positively related withannual mean temperature, but negatively relatedwith temperature seasonality, suggesting larger
genome preferred under temperature-stable environments. Furthermore, genome size variation wascorrelated with genomic repeat content, particular
the Ty1-copia type belonging to long tandem repeat. Common garden experiment was performedin temperate (SWFU, Kunming) and tropical (XTBG,
Menglun) sites to test the adaptive bases of genome size variation in Rorippa. The results revealed
local adaptation of larger genomes to temperature-stable environments at XTBG. Accessions withlarger genomes performed well in terms of several
fitness components (e.g., fruit number and plantheight) under tropical environment. In summary,study on natural variation of genome size in Rorippa suggests that plant genome size may tend to
be large due to the expansion of repeat elements
and in response to the extended growing period
under temperature-stable environments.

1 Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic. 2 Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
3 Central European Institute of Technology, Brno,
Czech Republic. 4 Masaryk University, Brno, Czech
Republic. 5 Independent botanist, Scarborough,Cape Town, South Africa.
The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) is wellknown for its enormous biodiversity with a highlevel of endemism and substantial diversification within limited plant lineages, a phenomenon
ascribed to historical radiation events. Polyploidization, generally recognized as one of the major
forces in angiosperm evolution, is considered to
be infrequent in the Cape flora. This investigation focuses on the South African endemic genus
Pteronia, a prominent Cape representative of Asteraceae, the most species rich family in the GCFR.
Pteronia radiated in the Cape and is adapted tomain local biomes, fynbos and succulent karoo,
with transitions to deserts or Nama-karoo. Pteronia species demonstrate a wide spectrum of genome sizes, which are associated with polyploidy(up to the octoploid level) and local adaptation
to diverse environmental conditions. In particular, the species complex around Pteronia adenocarpa provides a perfect study opportunity withseven closely related species transitioning main
biomes where we revealed multiple polyploidorigins. Employing next-generation sequencing-based Hyb-Seq and RADseq methodologies,
flow cytometry, karyology, and ecological modeling, we scrutinize the intricacies of its polyploidevolution and search for patterns of spatial andecological distribution of polyploids across Capein each species and the whole complex.

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P.1113 Genome size evolution
in the tropical ginger genus
Curcuma L.

porting the LGCH. Furthermore, TEs quantified for 20
species from shallow-level genome sequencing using the RepeatExplorer2 pipeline, revealed a patterncongruent to phylogeny with lineage-specific TEs
and satellite composition, and also a relationshipwith GS, polyploidy and TEs.

Bijay Khadka1*, Marcos V. DantasQueiroz2, Jana Leong-Škorničková3, 4, Axel
D. Poulsen5, W. John Kress6, Otakar Šída7,
Eliška Záveská2, Tomáš Fér1
1 Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 2
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany,Průhonice, Czech Republic. 3 The Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore. 4 National
University of Singapore, Singapore. 5 Royal Botanic
Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 6 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, USA. 7 National Museum in Prague,
Prague, Czech Republic.*khadkabi@natur.cuni.cz
Genome size (GS) is an important feature of organisms that impacts cell-level processes and thus
determines their biology and ecology. In plants, stochastic genomic processes like whole genome duplication and differential proliferation, and/or removal of repetitive regions of the genome (in particulartransposable elements (TEs)) are thought to be potential factors influencing GS variation. Further investigation into the evolutionary and ecological foundations of this variance is an intriguing challenge. In
temperate plant groups it has been demonstrated
that organisms with smaller genomes are naturally selected in response to drought, which constitutethe basis for the ‘Large genome constraint hypothesis’ (LGCH). Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the validity of the LGCH in tropicalregions and the potential influence of seasonality
on the evolution of GS in tropical monsoon-climate
plants. Here we aim to test LGCH on tropical rhizomatous herb genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) native to the monsoonal tropical Asia adapted to long
periods of drought via dormancy. For this study, GS
was measured for ca. 387 accessions of the genus
Curcuma covering all three subgenera and morethan 50% of the known species. GS, climatic and soil
variables extracted for the localities of the samples
were used in the phylogenetically corrected generalized least-square (GLS) model. Results indicatethat areas with strongest seasonality (i.e. Western
Ghats in India) are not occupied by polyploid species with bigger genomes. Moreover, GLS analysis
with and without phylogeny indicate the significant
role of precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and soil nitrogen and phosphorus content forseasonal dormant tropical plant GS variation, sup-P.1114 Patterns of genome
size evolution in the genus
Helianthemum: relationshipwith chromosome number,climate, and morphology
Sara Martín-Herranz1,2, Rafael G.
Albadalejo1, Juan Viruel3, Rafael Matos4,
Sara Lopes4, Encarnación Rubio1, Mariana
Castro4, João Loureiro4, Abelardo
Aparicio1
1 Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. 3 University of Coimbra,
Portugal. 4 Royal Kew Gardens, Richmond, United
Kingdom.
Inferring the patterns of genome size evolution andexamining its relationship with ecological and phenotypic traits provide insights into the processes
driving the rapid diversification of plants. Recent
studies have revealed that variation in genome size
can result from adaptive responses to various selective pressures, as well as from neutral evolution.
The genus Helianthemum is a recently diversified
lineage within the Cistaceae family, distributed in
the Palearctic region. It comprises three subgenera, 10 sections and over 100 species inhabiting different environmental niches, including subdeserts,
Mediterranean regions, subtropical-insular areas,and humid-montane ecosystems. The genus exhibits significant variability in life form, ranging fromtherophytes to chamaephytes, and diverse breeding systems, including autogamous, facultatively xenogamous and xenogamous plants. However,the underlying causes of their rapid ecological andphenotypic diversification remain enigmatic. In thisstudy, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships for approximately 95% of the species using
353 Angiosperms genes. Additionally, we measured
nuclear DNA content (2C) through flow cytometry to
explore the evolution of genome size variation. Ourfindings reveal that genome size in Helianthemum,
irrespective of chromosome number, contains
valuable systematic and evolutionary information.

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Poster presentations‘Small’ genomes are prevalent in desert specialists(sect. Eriocarpum), therophytes (regardless of theirtaxonomic position), and the species radiation of the
Canary Islands (sect. Helianthemum), characterized
by predominantly autogamous breeding systems.
On the other hand, ‘large’ genomes are characteristic of the rest of species of sect. Helianthemum andthe whole subg. Plectolobum, mostly xenogamous
chamaephyte species with a Mediterranean andEurosiberian distribution.

P.1115 Genome size
impacts on the functional
composition of leaves in
species with large genomes

cell sizes. Notably, cycad stomatal guard cells exhibited pronounced enlargement relative to their genome
sizes, potentially augmenting the rates of CO2 diffusion
into their leaves. This adaptive trait may have been a
key innovation that could have facilitated rapid radiation during a period of declining atmospheric CO2
and increasing aridity. Taken together, these findings
highlight the diverse approaches that species withextensive genomes may employ to address the constraints imposed by their big genomes on cell sizes,
consequently influencing their physiological and biomechanical capabilities.

P.1116 Genome size diversity
and its effects undernutrient limitation in wheat

Arezoo Dastpak1, Guo-Feng Jiang2, Mae
Camacho1, Kevin Simonin3, Adam Roddy1
1 Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, USA. 2 State Key Laboratory of Conservationand Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources,and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology andConservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 3 Department of Biology, San
Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA.
Across diverse taxa, cell size has been recognized as apivotal factor influencing physiological performance.
Notably, species with larger cells typically have lower
rates of photosynthetic metabolism. Moreover, beyond the repercussions of cell size on diffusion, the mechanical attributes of a cell may exhibit variance as afunction of cell size. As genome size imposes a primary constraint on cell size, species with large genomes
may showcase alternative phenotypes to accommodate the physiological and mechanical constraintsof enlarged cells. This investigation encompassed an
examination of over 300 species of tropical and subtropical gymnosperms and angiosperms, with a specific focus on species with 2C genomes larger than 11
pg. Confirming prior findings, species with larger genomes manifested larger stomatal and epidermal
pavement cells. However, a discernible trade-off wasobserved between genome size and leaf epidermal
pavement cell shape, wherein species with smaller
genomes exhibited more rounded cells with diminished undulating margins. Such cellular configurations, featuring reduced solidity, likely serve to alleviatemechanical stress on cell walls, thereby mitigating theconsequences of cellular enlargement. Furthermore,
We also found that cycads revealed unusual and distinctive profiles of stomatal and epidermal pavement

Sayed Tahir Shah1, Nesrin Orcen2, Lubna
Faizullah 1, Joseph Morton 1, Ilia Leitch 3,
Simon Orford 4, Andrew Leitch 1
1 Queen Mary University of London, London, United
Kingdom. 2 Ege Univeristy, Bornova, Turkey 3 Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom. 4
John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one widely grown staple food crops and provides nearly 20% of daily humancalorie intake. Wheat cultivation started about 10,000
years ago, probably in south-eastern part of Turkey
and was then spread by humans to other parts of
the world. Bread wheat is composed of three distinct
subgenomes and its evolutionary history suggests thatit originated from two polyploidization events. Landraces of wheat have a higher degree of genetic diversity
compared to modern cultivars. Roughly 70% of wheat
genome is composed of DNA repeats, but the precise
genome size (GS) remains unclear, despite extensive
genome sequencing projects and it is not known how
much variation there is between landraces and cultivars. Previously, GS measurements of wheat have reported values of 15.4 Gb/1C, 16 Gb/1C and 17.3 Gb/1C, a
1.9 Gb/1C difference, equivalent to about 12 Arabidopsis
thaliana genomes. In addition, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat have large differences in GS. Such differences can affect their physiology irrespective of their
genic content (= nucleotypic effects). For example, inother plant species, GS diversity has been reported toinfluence where and how a plant can grow. This poster
demonstrates GS diversity between wheat landraces
and elite cultivars. It also shows how ploidal diversity inwheat affects biomass production and photosynthesis under nutrient limitation.

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P.1117 Join the polyploid
party! Polyploid sympatry
and persistence in an
African geophyte

P.1118 Adaptive evolution of
intraspecific genome size
variation in Roscoea tibetica(Zingbiberacea)

Damian Vaz de Sousa1, Michelle Greve1,
Kenneth C. Oberlander1

Qing-Song Xiao1, Wen Guo1, Wen-Jing
Wang1, Mei-Yuan Huang1, Qing-Jun Li1, Li
Li1, Jian-Li Zhao1

1 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Universityof Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Polyploidy plays a major role in plant speciation
and adaptation. A fundamental question is how
polyploids can persist when faced with the challenges of minority cytotype exclusion. Multiple
abiotic and biotic factors can contribute to polyploid persistence and shape cytotype distribution
patterns. The aims of this investigation were to
explore and document the distribution of cytotypes of Oxalis obliquifolia across Gauteng Province, South Africa, and assess potential mechanisms that may have contributed to polyploid
persistence in local populations. Oxalis obliquifolia cytogeography was assessed using standard
flow cytometry (320 individuals from 25 sites), andchromosome counts determined using meiotic
chromosome squashes. Potential abiotic niche
differentiation between cytotypes was assessedusing GIS data and soil samples. Morphologicaland phenological differences between cytotypes
were assessed in a common garden experiment.
Inter-cytotype reproductive isolation was assessed using crossing experiments. The numberof potential polyploid origin events were analysedusing Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA. Substantial cytotype diversity (six different cytotypes)
was identified, with most sites having mixed
ploidy populations. Chromosome squashes revealed a monoploid chromosome number of x =7. Abiotic variables did not predict cytotype distribution. Clear size differences between diploids
and polyploids (the Gigas effect) were observed.
Larger vegetative and floral structures, and differences in flowering phenology, suggest biotic
interactions (both competitive and pollinator interactions) could facilitate polyploid persistence.
Crosses between cytotypes do yield (low) seed
set, however DNA analysis suggests strong barriers to reproduction in situ. Remarkably, diploids
and polyploids are behaving as distinct biological entities across Gauteng Province, despite highlevels of sympatry, little observed niche differentiation and non-zero inter-cytotype seed set.

1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan
Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptationand Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion
Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University,
Yunnan, China.
Although there are several hypotheses for explanations of adaptive evolution of genome size, their universality is questioned and applicability in intraspecific genome size evolution is unknown. This study
aims to test these hypotheses through variations of
the intraspecific genome size. Intraspecific genome
sizes were collected from 53 Rosocea tibetica populations using flow cytometric approach. Stomatalsize and density were measured from individuals in
the field and common garden. Quantitative indicators of local adaptation and niche suitability wereextracted from previous researches. Associations
between intraspecific genome size and environmental factors, local adaptation and niche suitability
were explored thoroughly though multiple statistical
data analysis including (partial) Mantel tests. Large
variations of intraspecific genome size of R. tibetica
significantly positively correlated with altitude, latitude, precipitation, average temperature and water
vapor pressure, but negatively correlated with solar
radiation of growth season of R. tibetica. There wasno correlation between genome size and oil nutrients. Mantel tests indicated environments controlled
the variations of intraspecific genome size rather
than the geography. Average temperature has themost contribution to variations of intraspecific genome size. Stomatal size and density from the fieldpresent significant correlation with genome size,
while these two stomatal traits from the common
garden have no clear correlation with genome size.
Moreover, intraspecific genome size showed positive association with local adaptation. Our findings
violate prevalent hypothesis about adaptive evolution of genome size, nucleotypic hypothesis and thenucleoskeletal hypothesis, that stomatal size should
not be the predictor of genome size. This study refreshed our knowledge about evolution of genome575

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size that close relationship between stomatal traits
and genome size was likely the casual result mediated by environmental factors, and the large ge-

nome size may be detrimental for survival in futureclimate changes.

S.129. PLANT RESPONSES TO STRESSES AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
P.1119 Allelopathic activityof Euphorbia hirta against
Avena fatua and Rumex
dentatus and identificationof potential allelochemicals

when grown side by side with wheat. The Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysisof E. hirta extract depicted the presence of potent
allelochemicals, the major ones including quercetin, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, β-sitosterol, afzelin, gallic acid, neophytadiene, stigmasterol, trans,
trans-2, 6-Dimethyl-2, 6-Octadiene-1, 8-Diol, and2,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrrole.

Muhammad Akbar1, Taqdees 1, Tayyaba
Khalil 1
1 Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat,
Pakistan.
Phenomenon of allelopathy can be utilized to develop eco-friendly herbicides and there are number of reports of allelopathic effects of many weeds
against other weeds but no reports are available
that show the allelopathic effects of Euphorbia hirta against Avena fatua and Rumex dentatus. In thepresent research, allelopathic activity of Euphorbia
hirta was investigated against Rumex dentatus andAvena fatua. E. hirta extract was prepared in dH2O
(10g:100mL w/v) as 100% extract concentration. Lower
concentration (50%) was prepared by adding dH2O
to 100% extract. The allelopathic activity of E. hirta
was evaluated by growing R. dentatus and A. fatua
either alone or grown side by side with wheat plants
in pots. The experiments were repeated twice. There
were 5 treatments viz., dH2O, half dose herbicide, full
dose herbicide, 50% plant extract, and 100% plant
extract. In in vivo bioassays, the effect of 50% and100% plant extract of E. hirta on shoot dry biomassof A. fatua and wheat was non-significant in general, while there was 50% and 67% significant decline
in shoot dry biomass of R. dentatus, respectively,
when grown alone. Moreover, when R. dentatus wasgrown side by side with wheat, there was 71% and
86% decrease in shoot dry weight of R. dentatus at
50% and 100% extract concentrations of E. hirta, respectively. The reference herbicides, Sulfosulfuron,at full dose, significantly inhibited shoot dry weight of
A. fatua by 14%, while, Fluroxypyr Meptyl + Florasulam+ MCPA Isooctyl, completely eradicated R. dentatus,

P.1120 Citric acidamendment reshapes
willow metabolism undercadmium stress
Danijela Arsenov1, Milan Župunski1, Dejan
Orčić2, Milan Borišev1, Nataša Nikolić1,
Marko Kebert3, Slobodanka Pajević1
1 University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia. 2
University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia. 3 University of Novi
Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment,
Novi Sad, Serbia.
The ongoing rise of heavy metals in the environment
underscores the urgent need to discover effective
solutions for removing pollutants. A promising approach for phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil involves the use of safe chelating
agents in combination with the cultivation of tolerant trees. To address the impact of citric acid (CA)on the cadmium (Cd) tolerance of willows (Salix viminalis, S. matsudana, and S. alba), we conducted
a potted soil experiment involving Cd (3 and 6 mg/kg) and CA (20 mmol/kg soil) treatments. The study
delved into plant growth, Cd accumulation, antioxidant systems, and metabolic pathways in leaves
and roots. The results underscored that exogenous
CA alleviates Cd stress by enhancing the activityof antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic compounds, boosting the levels of osmotic metabolites

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like proline, and the amount of cysteine, ultimately resulting in the promotion of stress tolerance.
However, the observed changes showed dose andplant-species-dependent manner and were more
prominent in S. viminalis and S. matsudana, while
S. alba can be distinguished as a less tolerant species regardless of the CA application. Metabolomic
findings indicated that CA application alters the activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by providing the necessary energy under adverse conditions,
ultimately contributing to a notable enhancementof Cd resistance. The overall findings support thenotion that CA lessens Cd-induced stress in willows
and can help elucidate mechanisms governing
Cd-induced stress.

P.1121 Genes-at-Extremes:
An ecological multi-omics
approach to uncover
climate change relevant
stress resilience genes
Lauren Audi1,2, Tim Jeffers1, Gil Eshel1,3,
Viviana Araus4, Dennis Stevenson2,
Manpreet Katari1, Samantha Frangos1,
Veronica M. Sondervan1,2, Richard W.
McCombie5, Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez4, Gloria
M. Coruzzi1
1 Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York,USA. 2 New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, USA. 3 Cytoreason, Azrieli Round Tower Begin, Israel. 4 Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile. Inst.
for Integrative Biology (iBio), Institute of Ecology
and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas,
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago,
Chile. 5 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring
Harbor, USA.
Climate change is projected to threaten global food systems with a projected 17% increase inglobal desertification of the total land surface.
Currently, over 50% of major crop yields are lost
due to exposure to drought, salinity, and extreme
temperatures. The genes of plants adapted to extreme environments can reveal underlying mechanisms involved in stress resilience that may otherwise remain hidden in model organisms. Chile’s
Atacama Desert is an ideal system, characterized
by hyper-arid conditions, high UV irradiance, andextremely low soil nitrogen content, yet plants
across diverse Angiosperm families have adapted

to these conditions. We use comparative phylogenomics to identify genes under convergent positive selection for low nitrogen and drought tolerance in five major plant lineages. Transcriptome
sequences from 28 Atacama species were compared to closely-related triplet sister species fromother Mediterranean ecosystems— California Xeric,(drought tolerant, not nitrogen deficient) and California Mesic (not drought-adapted). Within the
agriculturally-relevant Lamiid clade (tomato), we
identified 67 Positively Selected Ortholog Groups(PSOGs) for specific adaptation to the Atacama,
while 276 PSOGs were globally adapted to drought(Atacama and CA Xeric). Some of these PSOGs are
orthologs to Arabidopsis genes with functional relevance to stress tolerance, including transcription
factors (TFs). GO enrichment analysis, Protein Family (P-Fam) selection analysis and network analysis
provide additional support for functional relevanceof the PSOGs. Validation of the regulated targets of
3 TFs under positive selection was performed via
the plant cell-based TF perturbation assay, TARGET (Transient Assay Reporting Genome-wide Effects of Transcription factor). In planta testing via
agrobacterium mediated plant transformation will
provide functional validation of TFs roles in drought
and low nutrient tolerance. Identification and validation of these Atacama genes could improve thebioengineering of crop cultivars that are resilient
to changing temperatures, water scarcity and nutrient limitation, improving the sustainability of ouragricultural systems.

P.1122 Leaf pattern variationin vegetation according topluviometric gradient in the
Caribbean of Colombia
Mary Lee Berdugo-Lattke 1,2, J. Orlando
Rangel-Ch 2
1 Grupo de investigación de agua y desarrollo
sostenible, Semillero Tygua, Programa de Biología,
Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá, Colombia. 2 Grupo de investigación de biodiversidad y conservación, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
The leaf pattern was characterized in the vegetation(37 surveys) of localities of the pluviometric gradient of the Colombian Caribbean, defined such as
the average annual rainfall in dry (600 – 1,000 mm),semi-humid (1,000 – 1,400 mm), humid (1,400 – 1,800

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Between 5 to 20 leaves and one branch fragment
were collected per survey to estimate leaf area(cm2), specific weight (gr/dm2), succulence (gr/dm2), dry mass (%), thickness (mm) and wood density (gr/ml). A total of 1699 leaf samples were processed, belonging to 67 families, 213 genera and562 species. The biotypological pattern found corresponds to simple, mesophyll leaves (45.01 - 182.2
cm2), elongated shape, with entire margins, pointed
apex, with acute or obtuse base, membranous consistency, unprotected, thickness type A (P.05 - 0.15mm) and B (0.16-0.35 mm). In the pluviometric gradient, a linear trend was detected with the increasein specific weight values (gr/dm2), succulence (gr/dm2), dry mass (%), leaf thickness (mm) as precipitation increases; in drier areas, wood density andleaf area are smaller. In the most humid sites, aprevalence of coriaceous/sub-coriaceous consistency, pointed apex and irregular margins (serrulate
and wavy) related to the effective drainage of wateron the leaf lamina; the predominant shape is elongated and the thickness is greater (> 0.35 mm). In
sites with less precipitation, microphyll leaves (2.26- 20.25 cm2), angled apex, A-type thickness, andprotection on both sides of the leaf blade prevail. A
novel pattern is documented with the prevalenceof coriaceous/sub-coriaceous conditions in humid
environments, contrary to the association that considered membranous characteristics indicative ofhigh humidity in Colombia.

P.1124 Trade-offs between
leaf traits and wood density
in secondary forests in the
Eastern Amazon
Botelho, Luane G.1, Silva, Karoline C.2,
Barbosa, Beatriz V.3, Negrão-Rodrigues,
Vanessa2, Elias, Fernando4, Ferreira, Joice
N. 4; Barlow, Jos5; Teodoro, Grazielle S.3
1 Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil. 2
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil. 4 Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil. 5 Lancaster
Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK.

resent about 4.1% of the total forest cover, making
them crucial for large-scale climate change mitigation in the biome. Despite this, there is limited understanding of species’ demands for establishment
and survival in these forests, especially regarding
trade-offs between different functions highlighted
by leaf economics and wood economics spectra.
Here we model the relationships between leaf area(LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content(LDMC), and wood density (WD) in five secondary
forests across different recovery stages (ages 9 to
60 years) in the Bragantina region, Pará, Brazil. The
age of the secondary forests was defined by the
Sustainable Amazon Network (RAS; rasnetwork.org)
team through interviews with the owners during
the installation of the permanent plots. In addition,
confirmation of these ages was performed using
high-resolution Landsat temporal images. The results revealed significant relationship patterns between leaf traits and wood density (p<0,005). Alltraits measured showed a positive relationship with
WD, indicating a dissociation from the expected leaf
and wood economics spectra, at least concerning
SLA. Understanding these trade-offs is crucial forthe sustainable management of secondary forests
as it directly influences ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration capacity. The observed variations in leaf traits and WD are attributed
to ecological succession processes, revealing distinct adaptive strategies across different recovery
stages. This complexity underscores the importanceof considering temporal dynamics and diverse
adaptive strategies in secondary forests. Our results
offer valuable insights for forest management andrestoration practices, emphasizing the need for anuanced approach that aligns with specific characteristics of each recovery stage.

P.1125 Variation in adaptive
leaf anatomical traits
influencing photosynthesis
in Taxus baccata L.
clones from contrasting
environments

Secondary forests are crucial for forest recovery,
playing a key role in global warming mitigation, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation. Covering around 234,795 km2 in the Amazon, they rep-578

Marc Carriquí1,2, Maria Mayol3,4, Miquel
Riba3,4
1 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Institut d’Investigacions Agroambientals i d’Economia de l’Aigua,
Palma, Spain. 2 Instituto de Ciencias Forestales,
CSIC, Madrid, Spain 3 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès,

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Spain. 4 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Leaf anatomy is a key determinant of CO2 diffusion
through leaves, hence influencing photosynthesis.
Traits such as mesophyll surface area exposed tointercellular airspaces (Sm/S), cell wall thickness(Tcw), and chloroplast thickness (Tchl) significantly affect the effective CO2 pathway length inside
the leaf. Identifying the genetic basis of such traits
is of great interest to uncover how they can influence tree ability to adapt, particularly in the current context of climate change. Exploring the effects of natural intraspecific genetic variability inthe leaf anatomy of species with broad climatic
distribution gradients in common garden experiments holds promise in addressing this objective.
In this study, we investigated the variability of leaf
morphoanatomical traits potentially related to local adaptation in Taxus baccata L., a non-model
dioecious gymnosperm tree exhibiting high phenotypic variation. We sampled 65 mature male andfemale clones from 19 natural populations with diverse climates and altitudes that are growing in acommon garden (Valsaín Clonal Bank) since 1992.
Morphoanatomical traits were measured in 1-yearold leaves, and mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion (gm) was modelled from leaf anatomy. Taxus baccata exhibited the highest Tcw ever reported
for a vascular plant, and particularly high Sm/S. The
variability observed in traits such as leaf thickness,tissue proportions, leaf dry mass per unit area, or
Sm/S was correlated with the climate of origin, whileother key traits like Tcw and Tchl showed no significant correlations with climate. This might explain
the limited impact of climate of origin on gm. The
results suggest that trees can respond to the needsof local conditions by modifyingSm/S, but not Tcw.

P.1126 Limonium
vulgare: high frequency
micropropagation, shootneoformation from leaf
explants and biologicalactivities

Halophytes are submitted to high stress in theirnatural habitat characterized by severe abiotic conditions, including salinity, high light intensity
and temperature, drought and mechanical stressin windy areas. The control of plant micropropagation, successfully achieved in relatively few halophytic species, is a prerequisite for many purposes. Thus, tissue culture of halophytes may be used
for fundamental studies of their resistance to salt
stress but also for applied objectives such as saline agriculture, salinized site rehabilitation, endangered plant preservation or production of bioactive
secondary metabolites extracted from selected
genotypes, in the respect of natural resources. The
genus Limonium comprises over 350 species highly represented in the Mediterranean area. Previous
in vitro studies focus on various ornamental or endangered species, but only few concern L. vulgare
Mill. (Plumbaginaceae). In this study, a large-scale
propagation system of L. vulgare was developed
using two tissue culture processes: (i) from leafy
shoot fragments (side shoots cuttings) from stock
plants with a x30 multiplication rate every 6 weeks
and (ii) via an original efficient neoformation process from leaf explants, producing 50 new buds
per leaf. The plants were successfully acclimatizedin greenhouse for biomass production, metabolite
extraction and analysis. Strong antioxidant activities were identified in the crude extract of L. vulgare,as active as the commercial extract of rosemary.
The methanolic fractions Fr20 and Fr60 present anti-radical activities equivalent to those of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) or resveratrol and are richin phenolic compounds. Anti-tyrosinase activity
was also described for the first time in this species.

P.1127 Transcriptomic
analysis reveals an effect of
the scion on rootstock gene
expression in maritime pine
(Pinus pinaster Ait.)

Gilbert Charles1, Christian Magné1, Xavier
Dauvergne1, Clément Lemoine2
1 Geoarchitecture Laboratory, Brest University (UBO),
France. 2 Evonik Advanced Botanicals, Parçay-Melay, France.

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Irene Cobo-Simón1, Laura Piccoli2,
Daniel Ramírez3, Nuria de María1, MaríaÁngeles Guevara1, María Dolores Vélez1,
José Antonio Cabezas1, Paula Ramos1,
José Antonio Mancha1, Alberto Pizarro4,
Miriam López-Hinojosa1, Lorenzo Federico
Manjarrez1, Carmen Díaz-Sala4, María
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1 Institute of Forest Science - National Institute for
Agricultural and Food Research and Technology,
Spanish National Research Council (ICIFOR-INIA,
CSIC), Madrid, Spain, 2 University San Pablo
CEU, Madrid, Spain, 3 Complutense University of
Madrid, Spain, 4 University of Alcalá, Alcalá deHenares, Spain
Climate change is threatening the adaptive capacity of several forest tree species due to increasing drought and rising temperatures. Especially in the Mediterranean region, subjected
to recurrent droughts which, according to future
predictions, will progressively increase. Therefore, understanding the molecular and functional
mechanisms that control the adaptation of trees
to drought is highly valuable for conserving Mediterranean forests. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster
Ait.) is one of the conifers with the greatest socioeconomic and ecological importance in southwestern Europe. It is the main source of softwoodin this region and shows a remarkable ability toadapt to different environments. In a previous
study using a full-sib family design, and two P.
pinaster individuals, from contrasting precipitation regions, as progenitors, we found transcriptional activity on drought stress-related genes,
even without water deprivation, in tolerant genotypes. Here, we aim to improve our knowledge
between above- and below-ground organ communication on maritime pine by analyzing four
graft-type constructions. To this end, we used
two siblings with contrasting response to drought(tolerant and sensitive), from the previous pedigreed design, as rootstocks, and their progenitors
as scions. Then, we study the effect of the scion
origin in the rootstock’s gene expression by analyzing the transcriptional profile of the roots. The
results showed that the gene expression of bothtolerant and sensitive rootstocks was modified by
the scion origin, regardless the existence of water deprivation. They also showed activation ofgenes involved in tolerance to abiotic stress. This
study sheds light on the effects of grafting in thegene expression and tolerance to abiotic stresson conifers, as well as on their organ-organ molecular and functional communication. This information can be also useful to design conservation and management programs, since trees,
as long-lived sessile organisms, would greatly
benefit from drought tolerance improvement by
grafting.

P.1128 A flammable
desiccation-tolerant seeder
drives fire across vegetation
islands on rock outcrops
Abel A. Conceição1, Soraia, C. Dias1,
Jamine M. Rocha1, Pedro, M. Villa1, Thiago
F. Araújo2
1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana- UEFS,
Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. 2. Instituto Federal
de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia- IFBA,
campus Irecê, Bahia, Brazil.
Rock outcrop vegetation present in grasslands andsavannas are often regarded as “fire-free habitats”.
However, a recent study in Brazilian campo rupestre
showed that islands of vegetation burn and regenerate after fire on rock outcrop vegetation, where
the desiccation-tolerant seeder post-fire strategy
was described, mainly represented by a dominant
Vellozia punctulata Seub. Here, we evaluated theflammability of V. punctulata to assess the proneness of fire spreads across the vegetation islands
on rock outcrops. We collected branches of 15 individuals of V. punctulata in three campo rupestre areas in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil,
and measured flammability components using adevice for a standard measurement of shoot flammability (metallic structure with, grill, burners, and a
blowtorch, constructed to simulate a forthcomingfire). We put the branches on grill for two minutes
at a150 oC and then ignited them with a blowtorch.
We measured the time to burn (ignitability), theburning time (sustainability and combustibility),
the maximum temperature (combustibility) andthe proportion of fuel consumed (consumability).
The branches of 13 individuals ignited immediately, while two delayed one second. The fire reachedmean maximum temperatures of 532°C, 554°C
and 685°C in each population and burned for 45,
49 and 121 seconds. All fuel was consumed in one
population, and 92% and 96% in others. The highignitability of V. punctulata indicates high proneness of fire occurrence, and the high sustainability, combustibility and consumability suggest highcapacity to fire spread and release heat sufficient
to flame the neighboring vegetation island. Considering the high flammability and dominance of V.
punctulata in vegetation islands, our results highlight the key role of desiccation-tolerant seeder V.
punctulata driving wildfires on rock outcrops in the
campos rupestres of Chapada Diamantina.

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P.1129 Plant diversity
and forest structure: acomparison between
reforestations and mature
forests in the central Iberian
PeninsulaP.1130 Biotic and abiotic
protection of colleters in
Rubiaceae species within
the Amazonian Savannaand Atlantic Forest
Maura Da Cunha1*, Lucas L. Reis1, Ana
L.C. Silva1, Laís A. Bezerra1, Saulo Pireda1,
Renata P. Amélia, Marcos J.G. Pessoa2,
Fabio L. Olivares1, Valdirene M. Gomes1

Estrella Conde1, Ana I. García-Cervigón1,
Jesús López-Angulo1, David S. Pescador1,2,
Adrián Escudero1
1 Biodiversity and Conservation Area, ESCET, Rey
Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain. 2 Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botanic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense Universityof Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Forest conservation represents one of the most effective tools to mitigate biodiversity loss resulting
from Global Change. Given the extensive degradation and widespread destruction of forested areas
worldwide, substantial and effective reforestation
efforts are needed. Despite the historical implementation of reforestations in Spain, the extent of theirsuccess in improving biodiversity remains unknown.
Plants are an essential component of the forest andsupport the entire trophic structure of the community. However, we do not know whether historical reforestations have been successful in recovering thestructure and diversity of forests. We expect thatreforestations with a structure similar to reference
mature forests will exhibit higher diversity indices. To
approach this question, we compared the diversityof vascular plants and forest structure among reforestations and reference mature forests. Based on aperennial plant inventory conducted in 30 mature
forests and in 33 reforestation plots with ages up to
75 years in Castilla-La Mancha and Madrid regions,
we calculated taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity metrics. In addition, heights and diameters of tree
species were measured in each plot. A comparative
analysis was carried out to classify diversities basedon forest type and their relationship with plot structure. We found that mature forests had higher levelsof biodiversity, and although species composition ofvascular plants varies more with geology and climatology, it also varied between mature and reforested
forests. However, there are no significant changes inphylogenetic diversity between mature and reforested forests. These promising results will be highly valuable in adapting forest management to address theimpacts of Global Change and biodiversity loss.

1 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy
Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. 2 Univesidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta,
MT, Brazil. *maura@uenf.br.
This study focuses on the characterization of
stipular colleters in Rubiaceae species from Amazonian savannas and the Atlantic Forest, specifically examining Ladenbergia amazonensis
Ducke, Ferdinandusa chlorantha (Wedd.) Standl.,
Ferdinandusa elliptica (Pohl) Pohl, Bathysa mendoncaei K.Schum and Palicourea tetraphylla
Cham. & Schltdl. Colleters, specialized secretory
structures, were found to exude a mixture of mucilage, lipophilic substances, and proteins, playing a crucial biological role in protecting meristematic tissues and organs from desiccation,
herbivory, and pathogens. Additionally, the study
revealed the interaction between colleters andmicroorganisms in their surroundings influenced
by the exudates. The colleters exhibited standard
and reduced types, with a distinctive translucent
hue at the first nodule and a brownish-brown appearance from the second nodule onward. The
first node displayed active exudate synthesis
and secretion, while the second node exhibited
cellular disarray and the onset of senescence.
Histochemical analyses identified phenolic compounds, crystals, mucilage, proteins, lipids, andalkaloids within the colleters. Moreover, the outercell wall of the colleter developed a reticulated
network of polysaccharides in its cuticular layer, displaying arborescent, reticulated, and cuticle-proper divisions. The extraplasmic space between the plasma membrane and the cell wallcontained secretory material with fibrillar structures, housing microorganisms embedded within
the secretion. While the ultrastructure of secretory cells adhered to the norm, the unique behavior of the outer cell wall suggested an activerole in the secretion process. The study concluded that colleters in Rubiaceae species retained581

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taxonomical structural attributes, suggesting two
main functions: combating fungi and creating anenvironment conducive to beneficial organisms.
These roles align with the additional function of
averting desiccation, emphasizing the ecologicaland taxonomic significance of colleters in theseplant species from diverse habitats.

P.1132 Street trees of Romeand their relationship withthe changes of urban
climatic parameters
D’Amato Luca1, Flavia Bartoli1,2*, Valentina
Savo3, Giulia Caneva1,4

P.1131 Mitigating role ofsilicon nanoparticles insoybean under cadmium
contamination

1 Department of Science, University of Roma Tre,
Rome, Italy. 2 Institute of Heritage Science, National
Research Center, Rome, Italy. 3 Department of Education Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. 4 National Biodiversity Future Center, Università
di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. *Corresponding Author:
flavia.bartoli@cnr.it.

Jaqueline Santos1, Salete Gaziola1,
Ricardo Azevedo1
1 University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Soybean, one of the most economically important crops in the world, may be subject to cadmium (Cd) contamination from different sources,
including fertilizers containing trace metals. SiO2
nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) are described as mitigating various types of stress in plants. Therefore,
we investigated spherical SiO2-NPs, 5-20 nm (Sigma-Aldrich ®) in mitigating Cd oxidative stress ina Non-transgenic soybean (Non-TS) and anothertransgenic (Roundup Ready®) (TS). The soybeansin the V1 stage received the treatments, each
one with 25 specimens. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for two months. The TS
treated with SiO 2-NPs 200 mg/kg wet substrate
had a 20% reduction in SOD activity comparedto the control (without SiO 2-NPs and Cd), in contrast, Non-TS increased 5% in SOD activity. For thesame treatment, CAT increased 30% for TS and by
12% for Non-TS. For TS, treatments with 4, 8, and32 Cd mg/kg substrate when compared to plants
treated with SiO 2-NPs had a reduction in SOD activity of 47%, 54%, and 63%, and for CAT 27%, 34 %,and 55%, respectively. In Non-TS exposed to 4, 8,
and 32 mg of Cd there was a reduction in SOD of
16%, 21%, and 24%, respectively, while CAT had a
28% reduction for 32 mg of Cd. For TS, treatmentswith Cd and SiO2-NPs combined (Cd 4, 8, and 32+ SiO2-NPs 200 mg/kg substrate), compared totreatments with Cd alone, showed an increase for
SOD of 157%, 73%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, CAT for TS increased 36% and 29%, and SOD
for Non-TS increased by 15% and 21% for 4 and 8
mg Cd with SiO2-NPs. Therefore, SiO2-NPs attenuated Cd toxicity.

Natural ecosystems nowadays are being damaged by the increasing urbanization and environmental quality of cities. The purpose of this work
is to understand What relationship exists between
plant chorotypes (as indicators of adaptation todifferent conditions) found in different municipalities and local climatic conditions. We elaborated on both meteorological data and ecological data. Meteorological data were processed
between 2008 and 2013 and from 2019 and 2022.
Rivas-Martinez thermicity and ombrothermicity
bioclimatic indices on which it was possible to define the bioclimatic context of the different areas
identified by the stations. Our data show a heatisland effect in the stations in the center, belonging to the upper Thermomediterranean thermotype. These data bring to light not only a certain
ombrothermal variability but also a transitionalsituation toward a less xeric bioclimatic region
in the western area, closer to the coast and thus
more subject to maritime influence, toward theeastern area (Nimis, 1989). For ecological data,
we performed an analysis of species chorotype
based on a previous dataset (D’Amato et al. 2023,
Bartoli et al 2021, Caneva et al 2020). As for themost represented chorotypes, considering the
distribution for the whole city, we find the mostsignificant presence of E-Asiat (24.35%), N-Amer(19.09 %), Eurimedit (15.14 %), Silv-cult (14.03 %) andSteno-Medit (11.01 %). Regarding alien species, we
can see that they exceed 60% in all municipia. We
believe that it would be interesting to be able tofavour species more adapted to warm climatesin more critical bioclimatic zones highlighted
than others. Therefore, this preliminary analysis
could lead to greater attention in the planting
and design of roadside tree plantings.

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P.1133 Germination
dynamics of Neoglaziovia
variegata: impact ofthermal and saline limits on
the ecology of the species

P.1134 Harnessing beet’s
biochemistry: betalains andcatecholamines in plant
defense
Saswata Dey1, Alfonso Timoneda2, Jiafu
Tan1, Hana Azuma1, Sebastian Evesvan den Akker1, John P.Carr1, Samuel F.
Brockington1

Raquel A. Gomes1, Williane A.S. Oliveira2,
Marcos V.C. Freitas3, Maria A.R. Ferreira1,
Jamille C. Silva1, Jailton J. Silva4, Bárbara F.
Dantas4
1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feirade Santana, Brazil. 2 Instituto Federal de Educação,Ciência e Tecnologia, Petrolina, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina,
Brazil. 4 Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, Brazil.
Global warming significantly impacts the environment, constantly altering weather patterns and inducing more frequently extreme events. Temperature,
water availability, as well as nutrients and salts in thesoil are some factors that directly affect germination,
development and growth of plants. Neoglaziovia variegata (Arruda) Mez is a Bromeliaceae endemic to
the Caatinga Domain that has highly resistant fibersthat are used to generate income for several families, in addition to having landscaping and medicinal
potential. Therefore, the objective was to identify thethermal and saline limits that influence the germination response of this species. To simulate thermal
stress, the seeds were allowed to germinate at constant temperatures between 15 and 40°C. Salt stress
was evaluated using a NaCl solution from 0 (distilledwater) to 14 dS/m-1. The experiments were set up in
a completely randomized experimental design, withfour replications of 25 seeds in each trial, for 28 days,
with germination being considered by the emission of
2mm from the main root. The germination data wereanalyzed according to the thermal and halo (saline)
time models and then the limits for germination were
established. The results showed that the estimatedbase and ceiling temperatures for N. variegata germination are 14.3 and 41.7 °C, respectively. The optimum
temperature for germination of N. variegata seeds
was 31.1 °C. The estimated germination limit in saline
media is 16.2 dS.m-1. The wide range of temperatures
observed, as well as the high germination limit in saline environments, demonstrate that N. variegata isa species that can maintain its survival in the mostpessimistic scenario of climate change for brazilian
semiarid region, such as +3.5°C in air temperatureand reduction in 50% of rainfall and more saline soils.

1 University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 2 Virginia
Tech, Hampton, USA.
L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), dopamine,
norepinephrine, and epinephrine belong to a groupof compounds known as Catecholamines that arecommonly studied in the context of animal biology.
They are universally present in all animal groups andtheir functions are well understood in mammaliansystems as neurotransmitters. It is often underappreciated that plants also synthesize and accumulate these compounds in low to high amounts. The
biosynthetic pathway of these compounds begins
with the amino acid L-tyrosine, as in animal systems.
The plant order Caryophyllales is one lineage thatexcels at specialised tyrosine metabolism, owing
to the relaxed regulation of tyrosine in this clade,making them an attractive model system to study
these compounds in planta. Additionally, this groupharbours a unique pigment class, Betalains (thecharacteristic colour of beetroot), that has replaced
the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanins. Interestingly, these betalains and catecholamines share thesame precursors at multiple points. The synthesis of
L-DOPA with its genes and enzymes is quite well understood in the model plant Beta vulgaris in the context of betalain biosynthesis. In this present study, we
express betalain and catecholamine metabolites
in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana totest their potential against biotic stressors. Thesetransgenic lines expressing betalains (RUBY) andcatecholamines were challenged with Heterodera
schachtii (parasitic nematodes) and Myzus persicae(green peach aphids). Our results reveal interesting
differences in the responses of these pests to betalains and catecholamines. The Heterodera pathosystem in conjunction with transgenic lines expressing betalains also revealed interesting observations
such as asynchronous pulse-feeding phenotype incyst nematodes and syncytia-specific differential
metabolic pattern of betalains. This reinstates that
betalains are much more than just a special colour.

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P.1135 Resistancemechanisms of three moss
species to lead and copper
soil pollution

P.1136 Response to drought
along a climatic gradientthrough an analysis of wood
anatomy and leaf traits in
two gypsum shrubs

Isabel Domarco Sagra1, Diego Sánchez
Sánchez1, Belén Estébanez Pérez1

Sara Escada1, Ana I. García-Cervigón1,
Silvia M1.

1 Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Mosses are widely used in biomonitoring programs to estimate the deposition of heavy metals. However, certain species exhibit resistancemechanisms distorting the estimations of heavy
metals in the environment. Here we study these
resistance mechanisms to copper and lead soil
pollution in three common Mediterranean moss
species. We conducted an experimental study involving artificial soil pollution in seedbeds grownin a greenhouse, using Tortella squarrosa, Homalothecium aureum, and Ptychostomum capillare.
We used different doses of lead, copper, and a
combination of both. To detect the presence oflead and copper in the plant tissues, and explore
possible resistance mechanisms, we performedsome histochemical tests, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses. After 8 weeks,
all three species survived in high concentrationsof heavy metals. We confirmed the presence ofresistance mechanisms depending on the moss
species and the specific heavy metal used. Twopotential strategies were identified: metal exclusion through barriers (such as mucilage or waxes),
and metal accumulation in senescent regions of
the mosses. The exclusion strategy was observedin all three species when exposed to lead. In contrast, at least T. squarrosa and P. capillare exhibited a dual strategy—metal exclusion in apicalparts and accumulation in basal parts—when exposed to copper. We confirmed the existence ofdistortion mechanisms in all three species, which
may impact heavy metal estimates using them inenvironmental biomonitoring programs.

1 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Gypsum soils tend to be associated with arid
and semi-arid climatic conditions and harbor arich flora adapted to these conditions. However,plants growing in these soils are vulnerable to the
expected increase of drought intensity and frequency, triggered by ongoing climate change.
The chamaephytes Helianthemum squamatumand Ononis tridentata are two endemic species
that grow in gypsum soils of the Iberian Peninsula. We studied four populations along a latitudinal gradient (northeast, center and southeast),
varying in temperature and rainfall. We aim todetermine how leaf and wood traits vary in response to environmental conditions along thisgradient, and whether there is a coordination between these groups of traits. We collected wood
samples from the root collar and leaves from 15
individuals of both species at each of the four locations. We measured four leaf functional traits:
specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content(LDMC) and 13C and 15N isotopes, chemical traits
associated with acquisitive resource strategies.
Using images of anatomical cross-sections of
the last growth ring of each individual, we measured several wood anatomical traits related tohydraulic function, such as vessel density, vessel
lumen area and diameter, vessel grouping, percentage of conductive area and an estimation of
hydraulic We expect that individuals that inhabit the driest area will show more efficient water
strategies, having smaller and thicker leaves aswell as smaller and more abundant vessels. Independency of group traits allows plants to develop a more efficient allocation of resources;
therefore, we expect to find a lower leaf:stem trait
coordination in the location with the most stressful, driest climatic conditions.

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P.1137 Adult plants of themoss Tortella squarrosa
accumulate calcium as a
response to heavy metalsoil pollution

P.1138 Variability in leaf
minimum conductance(gmin) in vascular plant
species across different
island habitats

Isabel Domarco Sagra1, Belén Estébanez
Pérez1

Antoni Josep Far1, Miquel Capó2, Carles
Cardona3,4, Jaume Company1,5, Jaume
Flexas1, Luis Flor1, Llorenç Gibanel1, Javier
Gulías1, Rosana López2, Pere M. MirRosselló1, Joan Pons1, Faustino Rubio6,
Guillermo Toro6, Marc Carriquí1,7

1 Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Recent research has shown that mosses possess
diverse resistance mechanisms enabling them totolerate relatively high concentrations of heavy
metals in terrestrial environments. To further expand our understanding in this field, we conducted an analysis of the presence and distribution ofvarious chemical elements in the tissues of theterrestrial moss species Tortella squarrosa growing on soil contaminated with lead and copper.
We compared samples of T. squarrosa cultivated in a greenhouse on decalcified soil artificiallycontaminated with different doses of lead, copper,and both in synergy, with uncultivated, wild samples from locations not contaminated with heavy
metals. In one location the moss was growing on
soil rich in calcium carbonate, while in the otherit was collected from calcium carbonate-poorsoil. We conducted semi-quantitative analyses
on the presence and distribution of elements inthe tissues of these plant samples using scanningelectron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). In the analysis of all samples from soils treated with heavy
metals, significant amounts of various elements
were recorded, including silicon and potassium,
but especially calcium. This contrasts with thecontrol samples (without heavy metals) and thewild samples, where the presence of calcium andother elements apart from carbon and nitrogen,remained consistently low, with no influence ofthe calcium content in the soil. Additionally, in thecase of samples cultivated with copper, we observed the formation of mineral accumulations
rich in copper and calcium, apparently excretedby the moss, adhered to the surface of the leaves.
Considering that calcium has been described as
partially neutralizing the toxic effects of lead andcopper, our results suggest that calcium accumulation represents a new resistance mechanism
against heavy metal contamination, previously
undescribed in mosses.

1 Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, Institut d’Investigacions Agroambientals
i d’Economia de l’Aigua, Palma, Spain. 2 Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Centre Forestal de les Illes Balears, Institut Balear dela Natura, Palma, Spain. 4 Department of Biology,
University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. 5
Departament de Geografia, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, Palma. 6 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en
Fruticultura, Rancagua, Chile. 7 Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Habitat location is significantly influenced by climatic stability. In Mediterranean environments
where dry periods coincide with warm seasons,aridity profoundly impacts habitat area and consequently, species distribution. The xylem cavitationthreshold and the dehydration rate of a plant determine species survival during acute droughts. Whilethe cavitation threshold correlates with climate, therelationship with dehydration rates remains unclear.
Leaf minimum conductance (gmin), a critical trait defining dehydration rates after stomatal closure, may
provide insights into habitat vulnerability to climatechange, especially as longer and more intense
drought events are anticipated. This issue is particularly critical for islands, where habitat migration islimited. Here we characterized the gmin in over 100
species, including, gymnosperms and angiosperms,
ranging from herbs to trees across 18 habitats from
Mallorca Island (Balearic Islands, Spain) were annual mean temperature ranges from 13.2 to 16.8 ºC,
and precipitation from 413 to 792 mm. Data werecollected during June and July of 2023, focusing on
sun-exposed leaves. Additionally, anatomical leaf
mesures where taken. This comprehensive sampling
facilitated an in-depth exploration of the variability in gmin across patchy habitats, commonly foundin islands with complex orography, and its potential585

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correlation with climate. Preliminary results revealed
variability in gmin throughout different habitats fordifferent life forms (herbs, vines, shrubs and trees)
but surprisingly we did not find the expected trendof decreasing gmin with increasing habitat aridity.
However, we observed that gmin was closely related
to lifeform. Herbaceous plants exhibited the highest gmin followed by vines and shrubs, whereas trees
showed the lowest gmin. This observed trend could
be explained by lifeform-specific adaptations. The
increase in complexity of hydraulic segmentationand cuticle investment may explain the observed
trend in gmin and its link to dehydration rates.

P.1139 Climate changeinduced decrease ofphotosynthetic pigments in
Iberian conifer forests
Cristopher Fernández-Blas1, Miguel A.
Zavala1, Elena Granda1, Marina RodesBlanco1, Eva Samblás-Vives1, César
Morales-Molino1, Pedro Rebollo-Orozco1,3,María J. López-Caro1, Julián Tijerín-Triviño1,
Mariano García Alonso1, Inmaculada
Aguado1, J. J. Camarero3, Antonio Gazol
Burgos3, Mercedes Uscola-Fernández1,4,
Paloma Ruiz-Benito1
1 Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Alcalá de Henares,
Spain. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), Madrid, Spain. 3 Instituto Pirenaico deEcología, (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain. 4 Universidad
Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain.
Climate change is affecting ecosystem dynamics
at different biological levels, from individual trees
to mixed communities. In the Mediterranean basin, and especially in Spain, climate change is expected to increase drought severity, frequency, andlength. Although Mediterranean vegetation is generally adapted to withstand significant long andintense dry periods, this shift in the climatic conditions may affect Mediterranean ecosystems. The
increase in evapotranspiration caused by climatechange is putting plants under a more severe water
stress that can condition their growth and responseto perturbations. Reduced vigor can be appreciated when quantifying the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, as a reduction inthese is pigments is commonly correlated with ahigher crown transparency. In this work, we sampled

paired healthy and damaged conifer forests due
to drought in the Iberian Peninsula (four sites of Pinus sylvestris, one site of P. pinea, and two of Abies
alba). To assess differences between paired sites
we measured radial growth rates, specific leaf area
(SLA), leaf nutrient concentrations and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, and xanthophylls and carotenes), leaf water content and water
use efficiency in 462 target trees. We obtained higher growth rates, SLA, photosynthetic pigments, andnutrient concentration in trees from healthy forests
than in damaged ones. The reduced concentrationof photosynthetic pigments is related to a decreasein overall tree growth and, probably, in ecosystem
function. Thus, these parameters might serve as an
early warning of tree mortality induced by drought
and climate change.

P.1140 Methods for droughtresistance screening in
lentils
Andrea Fernández-Gutiérrez1, Juan J.
Gutiérrez-González1
1 Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics, University of León, León, Spain.
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) ranks the fifth in legume
production worldwide being a principal source ofprotein in developing countries. Nevertheless, predictions on the forthcoming increase in frequency and intensification of drought periods endanger its production. Lentil is considered moderately
drought-resistant, however, marked differences
between accessions have been observed. The multifaced character of drought resistance hinders accurate phenotyping. Traditional drought-resistancephenotyping involves plants growing until maturity
to check yield loss under drought-stress. However,these techniques represent big inputs of work, time,and material. Consequently, the actual trend is todevelop early selection methods. In this study, we
carried out two different approaches employing thesame six lentil accessions to check whether seedlingselection in lentil accession is achievable. In the first
approach, drought was imposed at seedling stage
by adding 15% polyethylene-glycol 6000 to the hydroponic medium for a week; relative water content(RWC), root length, stomatal density and stomatal aperture were measured at the end of the experiment. In the second approach, at reproductive
stage, accessions were submitted to 40% soil mois-

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ture field capacity for two weeks. After the treatment,
RWC, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance,water use efficiency, root biomass and water potential were measured. Watering was restored until theend of the life cycle, where seeds were harvested
and weighted. Correlations among all the parameters were established. RWC at reproductive stage
was the most highly correlated with yield loss (R=0.92). At seedling stage, correlation between yield
loss and RWC was also significant (R=-0.80), implying that an early screening is achievable for lentils.
We also found that the 100-seed weight is severely affected by drought stress, and the magnitudeof the effect is genotype-dependent. Interestingly,
seed weight reduction appears to be more correlated with seedling parameters that reproductive
ones. Our findings provide valuable information fordrought-resistance studies.

for each of the four months. The areas have significant differences in depth, salinity, and dissolved
oxygen, which are related to the composition andabundance of the SAV. Area 4 (Dzilam de Bravo) has
the highest biomass in SAV and the lowest is Area 2(Champotón). Phytoplankton biomass was higher in
Area 1 (Laguna de Terminos) and epiphyte biomass
was higher in Area 2. Vulnerable seagrass communities are the ones that are less protected and havehigh anthropogenic activities like Area 2. The mostabundant are communities in Area 3 (Petenes) and
4, which are related to conserved areas and haveless anthropogenic impacts.

P.1142 Desiccation tolerance
in the family Gesneriaceae
Nora Larrañaga1, Miren I. Arzac1, Beatriz
Fernández-Marín1, Antonio Hernández1,
Usue Pérez López1, Daniel Ballesteros2,
José I. García Plazaola1

P.1141 Conservation andvulnerability of seagrass
communities on the coast of
the Gulf of Mexico.
Margarita E. Gallegos Martìnez1, Sergio
A. Fuentes Agueda1, Gabriela Márquez
Labastida1, Francisco J. Ordoñez Gasca1,
Iliana Pérez Espinosa2
1 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa México City, Mexico. 2 Comisión Nacional parael Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad México
City, Mexico.
Seagrass communities are relevant for protecting the coastline and are important carbon sinks.
Nowadays, they are experiencing a strong decline
globally, due to global warming and anthropogenic
changes. However, the current state and ecosystemservices they provide in both tropical and temperatezones are unknown. The objective was to analyze thevulnerability of seagrasses with biotic and abiotic
variables in the Gulf of Mexico. In 7 areas along 63
stations of The Gulf of Mexico, with an ecosounder BioSonics model DT-X, the relative coverage ofSubmerged Aquatic Vegetation was registered.
Also, environmental parameters (temperature pH,
depth, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nutrients in the water column, interstitial water, type of sediment, andorganic carbon) and biotic parameters (Distribution and abundance (g/m2) of Submerged Aquatic
Vegetation, phytoplankton, and epiphyte biomass)
were registered at each site, the years 2016 and 2019

1 Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain. 2 Department of Botany and Geology, University of Valencia,
Valencia, Spain.
Desiccation tolerance (DT) is defined as the capacityof some plant species to almost fully dehydrate andrecover all physiological functions after rehydration.
Widespread among terrestrial algae or bryophytes,
this is an extremely unusual trait in angiosperms.
Desiccation tolerant species, also called resurrection plants, are grouped in a few families. One of thefamilies for which more resurrection species havebeen characterised is Gesneriaceae. All resurrection gesneriads described so far belong to the tribe
Trichosporeae, being mostly distributed in Africa, SE
Asia and southern Europe. In the present survey we
aim to describe the extent of DT among gesneriads,
and specifically whether this trait is a constitutive
character of the family and it is present in species
belonging to the other tribes of the family or not. We
have used a standard protocol for quantitative determination of the degree of desiccation tolerance
in leaves from a large collection of plants collectedin the field or cultivated in our Campus or in several
Botanical Gardens. Despite the tropical origin of thefamily, some species can be found in temperate/
cold climates (such as those of the mountains ofcentral Europe and Asia). Since, we speculate thatthe primary ability these species have to tolerate
desiccation permits them to tolerate freezing too, inparallel to DT we also tested freezing tolerance.

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P.1143 Cold and freezing
tolerance of photosynthetic
apparatus in Balkan
resurrection plants of thegenus Ramonda

P.1144 Explaining altitudeadaptation of Toniniopsis
separabilis and its apparent
association with symbiotic
cyanobacteria

Bekim Gashi1, Fitim Kastrati1, Gergana
Mihailova2, Katya Georgieva2, Erza Çoçaj1

Julia Gerasimova1,2, Andreas Beck2,3, Ulla
Kaasalainen4, Jouko Rikkinen4,5

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematicaland Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina “Hasan
Prishtina”, Prishtinë, Kosovo. 2 Institute of Plant
Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

1 Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 2 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,
Germany. 3 Botanische Staatssammlung München,
München, Germany. 4 Finnish Museum of Natural
History, University of Helsinki, Finland. 5 Organismal
and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme,
University of Helsinki, Finland.

In the Balkan Peninsula, the genus Ramonda isrepresented by two species, R. serbica and R. nathaliae, known as resurrection plants due to theirremarkable ability to tolerate both drought andfreezing stress. In contrast to desiccation tolerance, the mechanisms of freezing tolerance of
these resurrection plants are scarcely investigated. Only a few resurrection species are exposed
to subzero temperatures in their natural environments, making them interesting models for studying the photosynthetic mechanisms of freezing tolerances. In this study, we analyze the influence ofcold and freezing temperatures on photosynthetic
activity and chlorophyll fluorescence parametersin the leaves of both Ramonda species under natural conditions during autumn and winter periods
Based on the results for both Ramonda species, itappears that the net CO2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) slightly decreased duringcold acclimation, but freezing stress significantly
reduced the CO2 assimilation, reaching values toabout 1 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1. Moreover, the maximum
quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) andthe quantum yield of PSII (PhiPSII) were not affected during cold acclimation, but strongly declined
when temperatures dropped to freezing, especially in R. nathaliae leaves. The results indicate thatthese plant species have evolved physiologicaland biochemical adaptations that improve theirability to maintain photosynthetic processes incold conditions. This resilience to low temperatures underscores Ramonda species as promising
subjects for further research into the mechanismsof cold tolerance. Unraveling these adaptations
may have broader implications, including identifying strategies to boost cold resistance in otherplants or informing agricultural practices in coldprone regions.

Ramalinaceae is the fourth largest family of lichen-forming fungi with a worldwide distribution,
containing 39 genera and more than 900 species(Lücking et al., 2017; Kistenich et al., 2018), including
genera of various growth forms. For our study, we
have collected specimens in the Alpine area (Europe) and Caucasian mountains (Asia) for comparison and found that Toniniopsis subincompta (previously Bacidia subincompta) is one of themost common species in these regions. Based on
microscopical analyses and phylogenetic data, wedemonstrated that this traditionally circumscribedtaxon represents two distinct species, Toniniopsis
separabilis and Toniniopsis dissimilis (the name T.
subincompta was a synonym of a different species,
and this epithet could no longer be used). Our research revealed that T. separabilis is the more prevalent species found at various elevations, ranging
from sea level to high altitudes, although we only examined a limited number of specimens. On the other hand, T. dissimilis is less common and is limited tohigher elevations above 1000 m or in colder climatessuch as Sweden. Additionally, we have observedthat T. Separabilis exhibits a symbiotic relationshipwith free-living cyanobacteria, which may help explain its wider distribution, whereas T. dissimilisdoes
not show this association. Based on these results,
we formulated the following three hypotheses: 1)
Toniniopsis separabilisis warm-adapted and occurs
in various habitats from sea level to moderate elevations (<1000 m a.s.l), 2) the presence of cyanobacteria is somehow linked to warm adaptation in T.
separabilis, and therefore, the frequency of cyanobacterial associations will increase with decreasing
altitude, 3) Toniniopsis dissimilisis more cold-adapted and restricted to higher elevations (>1000 m a.s.l)588

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or high latitudes. To address these hypotheses, we
examined extensive herbarium collections (over 500
specimens) from the last three centuries and applied more advanced metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches.

and studying if they suffer from the change. Leaves
in plants at 900 at 500 were withered in atmosphericplants, but tanks were adapting. Also, atmosphericplants at 26 and 29 °C were withered, but plants at
23 °C were in a good state.

P.1145 Effect ofenvironmental variables
on bromeliads in a lower
montane cloud forest in
PanamaP.1146 Response to extreme
conditions of drought andsalinity of the invasive
species Carpobrotus sp.pl.
from different genetic
clusters

Diana C. Gómez González1, Henry
Velásquez1, Darielis Lezcano1, René Araúz1,
Omar Galán1

Sara González Orenga1,2,3, Sara
Rodríguez-Arias2, David López González2,3,
Fabrizio Araniti4, Luís González2, Adela M.
Sánchez Moreiras2,3

1 Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Investigación e Innovación, Chiriquí,
Panamá.
Since the ‘60s, it was mentioned that slight changes
in the composition of the atmosphere could cause
climatic variations, in the 90´s it was suggested forthe first time that changes in atmospheric carbon
dioxide levels could modify the temperature of thesurface. Currently, it is known that these climatechanges cause the greatest damage to biodiversity, both for animals and plants. Epiphytic plants,
depend on the atmosphere to obtain nutrients andwater and for this reason, have been called sensitive
to these changes. However, some epiphytes havedeveloped structures that serve to adapt, this is thecase for some bromeliads. The purpose of this study
was to evaluate the sensitivity of epiphytic bromeliads from a lower montane cloud forest to environmental variations and to identify species thatcan be used as indicators of climate change. Twotypes of experiments were carried out, in the field
and the laboratory with two species of bromeliads,
one atmospheric Guzmania stenostachya and one
tank bromeliad Werauhia macrochlamys were collected at 1200 m a.s.l. and they have placed again
at that elevation (control) and 900 and 500 m a.s.l.
variables such as light, temperature, and relative
humidity were monitored in each site to evaluate
whether the species adapt to climate change or toestablish. The plants at the laboratory were placedat different temperatures 23 °C as in the control siteand 26 and 29 °C and with different water supplies,
simulating climate changes. The dynamics of the
response mechanisms of plants were evaluated,
quantifying the morphological changes in plants

1 Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto deConservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain. 2 Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo,
Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain. 3 Universidade
de Vigo, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación,
Ourense, Spain. 4 Università Statale di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Milano, Italia.
Carpobrotus is one of the most dangerous genera in the world due to their rapid propagation,
low resource requirements and high tolerance tostress factors such as drought and salinity. Nativefrom South Africa, it was introduced for dune stabilisations and as an ornamental plant worldwide.
Presently, high-value coastal habitats are invaded
by Carpobrotus species with the associated ecosystem damage. Many studies demonstrated theirinfluence in the germination and survival of native
studies as well as the alteration of soil characteristics. Developing successful conservation efforts
requires an understanding of the invasion mechanisms and ecological repercussions. In this study,
seedlings from two genetic clusters of Carpobrotus
sp.pl. – cluster A (Cádiz and A Lanzada) and cluster
B (La Marina and Samil) – from different climatic regions (Mediterranean and Atlantic) were subjected
to high-level of salinity, 800 mM of NaCl, to drought
and their combination over 50 days. Tolerance
mechanisms were evaluated using morphologicalparameters and various biomarkers associated toabiotic stress such as photosynthetic pigments andmalondialdehyde. In addition, metabolomic profile589

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and root plasticity at the microscopic level was include in the study to a better understanding of theadaptability process to salinity soil conditions. Morphological differences were found between populations in reference to the climatic region of origin.
Plants from the Atlantic region were more affectedby salinity than Mediterranean plants. The effect of
the treatments was also evident in the accumulation of metabolites and in the anatomy of theroots. Metabolomics could simplify future analysis
in Carpobrotus sp.pl., focusing on the compounds
that have significant results between populations
and treatments. The results underline how crucial
genetic variety is to the invasion process, how important acclimatization is, and how important it is totake genetic variation and adaptability into accountwhen managing invasive species.

in rice shoots revealed that, in Cd treated plants, thepresence of A. filiculoides raised the concentrationof this heavy metal in rice shoot tissues. Overall, ourresults suggested a complex interaction between A.
filiculoides intercropping and Cd responses in rice.
It can be concluded that the beneficial association
between A. filiculoides and rice in non-polluted paddy soils transforms into a detrimental relationship in
Cd-polluted soils.

P.1147 From friend to foe:
the negative effect of Azolla
filiculoides in rice (Oryza
sativa) co-cultivation in thepresence of cadmium

Tatiana Rondon1, Manuel Guzman1,
John Diaz1, Maria C. Torres2, Maria
Casamitjana1,3P.1148 Spectral imaging
for root phenotyping
in common bean andavocado under diverse
stresses

1 Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), Rionegro, Colombia. 2 Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano de Medellín, Medellin, Colombia. 3 Universidad de Girona, Girona,
Spain.

Giorgia Guardigli1, Gabriella Pellino1,
Diego Comparini2, Stefania Caparrotta2,
Camilla Pandolfi2, Stefano Mancuso2,
Ilaria Colzi1, Nadia Bazihizina1, Cristina
Gonnelli1
1 Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 2 Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
High concentrations of Cadmium (Cd) in paddy soils
and its uptake and accumulation in rice are considered an important and widespread problem in agriculture. In this study we evaluated how intercropping
rice with the floating pteridophyte Azolla filiculoides,a practice commonly used to sustainably improverice yields, alters rice responses to Cd. For this purpose, experiments were conducted by co-cultivating rice with azolla in a hydroponic system undercontrol conditions and increasing Cd concentrations (up to 1 μM). Our results indicate a synergistic
negative interaction between A. filiculoides and Cd,
with Cd-induced growth reductions in rice substantially greater when in presence of the fern, both at
the shoot and root level. Additional results indicatedthat A. filiculoides boosts Cd translocation in shoots.
Confirming this, the analysis of the Cd concentration

In recent decades, scientific interest in plant rootsystems has grown. However, quantifying thesesystems is still highly time-consuming and often does not meet the throughput requirements
for comparative structural-functional root system analysis. Currently, technological advancesin root measurement methods are linked to imaging analysis. High-throughput imaging, basedon common 2D RGB allows a simple dissection
between roots and background. The objective of
this study is to validate the use of spectral images
for the quantification of traits of the root system,
under the effect of different stresses. Greenhouse
experiments were conducted in 2022 in Rionegro, Colombia. Three experiments involved plantsfrom a nursery of avocado cv. Hass grafted on
two rootstocks and stressed by: (E1) avocado red
mite, Oligonychus yothersi, (E2) water-regulated,and (E3) nutrient-regulated. A fourth experiment
was conducted on (E4) five common bean genotypes infested with Thrips palmi. Each experiment
included a control treatment. In all cases, roots
were manually extracted and photographed using a RGA digital camera. The REST v.1 software
processed the root images, determining up to 15
traits. Previous experiments have validated a highcorrelation between image analysis using this590

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software and manual measurements for all traits.
The software differentiated between the roots ofdifferent genotypes and under various stresses
in each experiment. Statistical differences (p<P.5)
were observed among genotypes and treatments
for total opening, left and right root angle opening, total root length, and depth with maximum
root density in all experiments. The total root area
was statistically significant in each experiment,with an exception in E4. Our results demonstrate
the efficiency of the REST software for rapid root
phenotyping in different crops and under various
stresses. This approach could be utilized in plant
physiological and breeding programs across different phenological stages to study root changes
induced by stress.

P.1149 Paradigm shift inforest tree resistanceresearch: embracing
epigenetic and microbiome
approaches

cies provide insights into the molecular basis ofresistance and guide our research. Field trials areunderway to evaluate the efficacy of our strategies and assess their potential for practical application. By embracing epigenetic and microbiome
approaches, we can accelerate the developmentof resistant forest tree populations, ensuring theirlong-term survival and contributing to a resilientand sustainable forest ecosystem.

P.1150 Ectopic expressionof a bacterial thiaminmonophosphate kinaseenhances vitamin B1
biosynthesis in plants
Yi-Hsin Chung1, Ting-Chieh Chen1, WenJu Yang1, Soon-Ziet Chen1, Jia-Ming
Chang1, Wei-Yu Hsieh1, Ming-Hsiun Hsieh1
1 Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia
Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

Hans Hoenicka1
1 Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
Forests face an array of pressing challenges due
to climate change and the introduction of invasive pathogenic fungi and pests. Conventional
breeding methods, which rely on long generation
times, are inadequate for addressing these urgent
issues. Genetic engineering and genome editing, while offering promising solutions, are often
restricted by regulatory constraints. A paradigm
shift in forest tree resistance research is essential to expedite the development of resilient tree
populations. Epigenetic modifications, which alter
gene expression without altering DNA sequence,
offer a rapid and viable alternative. However, theirstability is a critical consideration. The microbiome, comprising the community of microorganisms that reside on and within plants, plays a crucial role in plant health and resilience. Neglecting
microbiome research in resistance induction isdetrimental as this interface can be harnessed for
rapid resistance enhancement. Our research focuses on developing innovative methods for epigenetic and microbiome modification to induce
resistance in forest trees. Comparative molecularanalyses of resistant and susceptible tree spe-

Plants and bacteria have distinct pathways tosynthesize the bioactive vitamin B1 thiamin diphosphate (TDP). In plants, thiamin monophosphate (TMP) synthesized in the TDP biosynthetic
pathway is first converted to thiamin by a phosphatase, which is then pyrophosphorylated to TDP.
In contrast, bacteria use a TMP kinase encodedby ThiL to phosphorylate TMP to TDP directly. The
Arabidopsis THIAMIN REQUIRING2(TH2)-encoded phosphatase is involved in TDP biosynthesis.
The chlorotic th2 mutants have high TMP and
low thiamin and TDP. Ectopic expression of Escherichia coli ThiL and ThiL-GFP rescued the th2-3
mutant, suggesting that the bacterial TMP kinase
could directly convert TMP into TDP in Arabidopsis. These results provide direct evidence thatthe chlorotic phenotype ofth2-3 is caused by
TDP rather than thiamin deficiency. Transgenic
Arabidopsis harboring engineered ThiL-GFP targeting to the cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondrion, or nucleus accumulated higher TDP than thewild type (WT). Ectopic expression of E. coli ThiL
driven by the UBIQUITIN(UBI) promoter or an endosperm-specificGLUTELIN1(GT1) promoter alsoenhanced TDP biosynthesis in rice. The pUBI:ThiL
transgenic rice accumulated more TDP and total
vitamin B1 in the leaves, and the pGT1:ThiL transgenic lines had higher TDP and total vitamin B1 inthe seeds than the WT. Total vitamin B1 only in-591

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creased by approximately 25–30% in the polishedand unpolished seeds of the pGT1:ThiL transgenic
rice compared to the WT. Nevertheless, these results suggest that genetic engineering of a bacterial vitamin B1 biosynthetic gene downstream of
TMP can enhance vitamin B1 production in rice.

P.1151 Characterizing rolesof Ethylene Response
Factors (ERFs) in regulating
submergence tolerance of
cabbage

P.1152 Prairie grass ecotypes
across the rainfall gradientof the US great plains shows
decadal evidence of local
adaptation
Jack Sytsma,1 Matthew Galliart,2 Trevor
Heffley5, Sara G. Baer,3 Nora Bishop1, Helen
Winters1, Eli Hartung,1 David Gibson,4Adam B. Smith6, Hannah Tetreault7,
Loretta Johnson1 Jack Sytsma,1 Matthew
Galliart,2 Trevor Heffley5, Sara G. Baer,3Nora Bishop1, Helen Winters1, Eli Hartung,1David Gibson,4 Adam B. Smith6, Hannah
Tetreault7, Loretta Johnson1

Yun-Rou Chou1, Chi-Hsuan Lu1, Fu-Chiun
Hsu1
1 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
As the global climate continues to change, extreme rainfall and floods wreck crop production,
resulting in issues of food security and economic
losses. Ethylene has long been known to mediate multiple flooding-adaptive traits. However,such knowledge is limited to studies for model
plant systems, such as Arabidopsis, Rumex, andrice, but not to studies on vegetables or applications of farming practices. In this study, we
carried out a translational agriculture study on
major vegetables and cultivation recommendations to strengthen climate resilience. We foundthat 5 mg·L-1 ethephon spray, an ethylene-releasing compound, at 2 hours prior to 48 hours
of submergence, increased the submergence
tolerance of ‘228’ intolerant cabbage. A group ofethylene response factors (ERFs) were responsive to submergence, and some ERFs were induced higher in the tolerant cabbage variety. The
N-degron-mediated ERF protein destabilization,
considered an oxygen-sensing mechanism inplants, is also observed in cabbage in responseto oxygen levels. The reconstruction of ERF regulatory machinery in cabbage derived from thisstudy will not only provide insights into tolerance
mechanisms in cabbage but also have potential
applications to accelerate the breeding of submergence-tolerant Brassica. The ethylene-related plant growth regulator strategy being developed from this study has the potential to becomea farming practice to improve the submergence
tolerance of Brassica.

1 Division of Biology, Kansas State University, USA. 2
Department of Biological Sciences, Fort Hays State
University, Kansas, USA. 3 Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology, University of Kansas, USA. 4 School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, USA 5 Department of Statistics, Kansas
State University, USA. 6 Missouri Botanical Garden,
Fort Collins, USA.
Understanding ecotypic variation is critical for ecosystem restoration and conservation, especially acrossecosystems that span vast climatic gradients, such as
the US Great Plains. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) is a dominant grass growing across a steep rainfall gradient spanning ~500-1,200 mm yr-1 across 723
km. We used reciprocal gardens with natural communities to test for local adaptation of A. gerardii toprecipitation. Reciprocal gardens were established in2010 and canopy cover and aboveground biomass
were measured through 2022. Our objectives were tocharacterize climatic ecotypes that were reciprocally transplanted into four sites (dry to wet; Colby, Haysand Manhattan, KS, Carbondale IL, USA). To examine performance of ecotypes under drought, rainout
shelters reduced rainfall. Finally, we determined theimpact of local adaptation on the surrounding plantcommunity. First, we expected to detect local adaptation in response to rainfall. Second, we predicted thewet ecotype would be most poorly affected by the
drought imposed by the rainouts. Finally, strong adaptation of the local ecotype would result in competitive dominance over the surrounding community. The
study supports several lines of evidence documenting
strong local adaptation to climate. Local adaptationof wet and dry ecotypes became stronger over time,and in some sites, detected as much as three years592

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into the experiment. Under rainouts, the dry ecotype in
the wet site had higher performance compared to theother ecotypes, independently demonstrating adaptation to reduced rainfall. Local ecotypes suppressedneighboring plants compared to non-local ecotypes,
also corroborating strength of local adaptation. This
decadal study is amongst the longest running testsof local adaptation in communities. Long-term reciprocal gardens are necessary to draw proper conclusions in long-lived perennial grasses on relevant timescales for ecological communities. Ecosystem restorations should consider using ecotypes that would befavored under future climate scenarios.

P.1153 Identification of
Orobanche crenata variants
using ISSR-DNA molecularmarkers
Mahmoud Ahmed Khater1
1 Botany Dept. National Research Centre, Giza,
Egypt.
The study aimed to detect, identify and characterize
the genetic similarity and genetic variability in Orobanche crenata collected from naturally infested
fields in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Five different
ISSR primers were used in this study. Obtained results
showed that in general, significant genetic variation
was detected by these ISSR primers; moreover, there
was a clear relationship/genetic similarity between
and within all collected O. crenata parasite plants.
However, the results revealed that there were highrelationships where similarity matrix ranged from
0.837 (the highest) between R4 and R17 followed by
0.831 for R4/R25 and at the end the lowest one was
R1/R29 which similarity matrix scored 0.655. It wasobserved that the relationship and similarity didn’t
reach 100% but the maximum was 83.7% (there wereno identical plants). Therefore, each Orobanche
plant in this study considered as different genotype
than neighboring plant within location.

P.1154 Production of Datura
stramonium L. alkaloids via
cell suspension culture
Mahmoud Ahmed Khater1
1 Botany Dept. National Research Centre, Giza,
Egypt.

This study aimed to in vitro production of tropane
alkaloids from cell suspensions of Datura stramonium L. There were markedly increases in thegrowth of cells in cell suspension. Putrescine, as
alkaloids stimulate, caused a markedly increases
in the growth of cells (packed cell values, cell fresh
weight and cell density) by increasing putrescine
concentration until 2.0 mg/l. The same effect ofpotassium nitrate concentrations was recorded,
increasing of cell fresh weight (gm) and packed
cell volume (ml) by increasing Potassium nitrateconcentration until 2.0 mg/l. compared with basal
media. There were also, a markedly increases inboth Hyoscyamine and Hyoscine concentrations
by increasing putrescine concentrations until 2.0
mg/l. Hyoscyamine value in suspension cultures,that containing putrescine, was increased thanbasal media as a control, about three times. In addition, hyoscine value with 2 mg/l putrescine treatment possessed approximately two times andhalf than basal media. There were more increasein Hyoscyamine and Hyoscine concentrations byadding putrescine up to 2.0 mg/l, due to that polyamines (Putrescine) consider as the main source
in alkaloid (Hyoscyamine) biothynsis pathway.

P.1155 Recent climatechange and reproduction
patterns of mediterranean
plant communities.
María Landa Barrio1, Arne Saatkamp1
1 Institut Méditerranéen de la Biodiversité et d’écologie, Avignon, France
Recent global warming, caused by human activity, is one of the main threats to biodiversity
today. These climate variations are not homogeneous and can vary greatly at regional level.
In Mediterranean France, warming has alreadyexceeded 1.7ºC and is beginning to affect plant
species’ phenology. In this study, we test the links
between the reproductive patterns of Mediterranean vascular flora and recent warming, taken
into account by meteorological observations andspecies’ thermal and humidity niches. We showthat species reproducing in the region are significantly more thermo-xero-philic than those who
weren’t observed in a reproductive phase. Thisphenomenon in amplified around the meteorological stations where there has been a greater
increase in temperature over the last 12 years.

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In addition, factors such as altitude, mean temperature and shade influence reproduction, with
it being more frequent at lower altitudes and in
warmer locations. Forest environments appear
to buffer the effects of aridification, and species with hygrophytic tendencies continue to beable to reproduce under the canopy. These results may point towards a possible turning overof plant communities composition, with only thethermo-xerophytic species managing to reproduce in the region. Despite the study’s temporal
limitations, these results are promising and add a
new observation of the traces of climate change
on plant phenology and raise some concerns
about the conservation of mediterranean flora.
Nevertheless, the program needs to be continued
in order to calculate temporal trends and reachmore robust conclusions.

P.1156 Spatial and temporal
response of leaf traits
to climate change andecosystem implications

temperature and water available, and we further
confirmed a strong link between ecosystem primary productivity and leaf size variation acrossspecies with different life-forms and evolutionary
history. Additionally, we revealed spatiotemporalvariation of leaf size and shape in response to climate change, with temporal variation of leaf size
significantly positively correlated with precipitation, while leaf shape variation primarily responded to temperature. We also emphasized the importance of herbarium specimens in studying
plant responses to climate change.

P.1157 Carbon nanosol
promote plant growth by
regulating the content ofendogenous hormones inplantsTaibo Liang1, Huaxin Dai1, Yadi Guo1,
Yanling Zhang1
1 Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,
Zhengzou, China.

Yaoqi Li1,2, Zhiheng Wang1
1 Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth
Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing, China 2 Department of Healthand Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
Leaves as the important functional organs forcarbon fixation in plants are diverse in morphological, ecophysiological and biochemical characteristics. Botanists have sought to explore thebiological significance of leaf traits and their environmental drivers. However, large-scale studies
on leaf trait variation across China have been
limited by data quality. Based on online databases, herbarium specimens, published floras andadditional literature, we obtained leaf morphological traits for 11,405 Chinese woody plants andextracted data from over 6,000 leaf sampling of 7
species spanning approximately 100 years. By integrating species distribution maps, environment
data (i.e. climate, soil and terrain) and dated phylogenies, we mapped the spatial patterns of leaf
traits, explored their environmental drivers, discussed the influence of plant life-forms and evolutionary history, and evaluated their potential topredict ecosystem productivity. Our findings indicate that leaf trait variations are driven by bothIn the hydroponic conditions, the effects of carbon nanosol on endogenous hormone content
and plant growth were studied using model plant
tobacco. Carbon nanosol can promote the synthesis of endogenous hormones such as auxin
and cytokinin in tobacco. After 8 days of carbon
nanosol treatment, the IAA content in tobacco
leaves increased by 150%, and the CTK content
increased by 120%. Carbon nanosol can negatively regulate the synthesis of endogenous hormones such as ABA, ACC, SA, and JA, reducing
their content in tobacco plants. After 8 days ofcarbon nanosol treatment, the ACC content decreased by 75%, and the SA content decreasedby 44%. Carbon nanosol can significantly promote the growth of tobacco roots and the biomass accumulation of both aboveground andunderground parts of the plant. After 8 days oftreatment, the fresh weight of the abovegroundpart and root of tobacco plants increased by 45%
and 80% respectively compared to the control.
The regulation of endogenous hormones in tobacco by carbon nanosol is an important reason
for its promotion of plant growth, but its underlying mechanism still needs further research.

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P.1158 The responseof savanna juvenile
Dichrostachys cinerea andTerminalia sericea to single
cutting

P.1159 Amaranth´s face toface with climate change:
Deciphering its floodadaptation strategies
Andrea C. López-Díaz1, NormaMartínezGallardo,1 John F. Délano-Frier1

Maanda Hadzhi Ligavha-Mbelengwa1,
Ochanda Ogola2, Peter Milingoni
Tshisikhawe1, Aphonce Bere3
1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of
Venda, Faculty of Sciences, Agriculture and Engineering, Thohoyandou, South Africa. 2 Departmentof Crop Sciences, 3 Department of Statistics andMathematical Sciences. University of Venda, Faculty of Sciences, Agriculture and Engineering, Thohoyandou, South Africa.
The objective of this study was to investigate how
the resprouts heights and number of leaves ofwoody tree juveniles depend on season of cutting
and tree species. The investigation was conducted at Nylsvley Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province,
South Africa. The study site is a savanna ecosystem. The study focused at two species, namely
Dichrostachys cinerea and Terminalia sericea.
For each species, 11 random samples of 35 juveniles were selected. One of the 11 samples was cut
in each of the months from March to November
and then January and February of the following
year. The resprout height of each plant was thenmeasured one year after cutting. It was foundthat these plants regrew following cutting at any
month of the year and that their average resproutheights varied by season and species. In all seasons except autumn the average regrowth heightof T. sericea exceeded that of D. cinerea. Acrossthe species, plants cut in winter (79.9 cm) had
the highest resprout height followed by autumn(56.3 cm). Plants cut in summer (18.3 cm) had
the smallest average resprout height. The wintercut plants also had the highest average numberof sprout leaves followed by autumn. The least
number of sprout leaves was for juveniles cut insummer. The winter season therefore proved tobe the most favourable season to cut savanna
woody plants, whilst summer showed to be least
favourable season to cut these plants. These results are useful to communities who want to cut
and utilize these tree species in a conservative
manner.

1 Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry,
Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the
IPN (CINVESTAV), Guanajuato, Mexico.
Climate change is causing drastic changes in
the precipitation patterns worldwide, resulting
in severe floods, damaged crops and significant
economic losses. Grain amaranths, i.e., Amaranthus hypochondriacus, A. caudatus and A. cruentus, are known for their high nutritional value
and ability to tolerate various stress conditions,
including flooding. The latter was found to induce
species-specific morphological changes known
to improve gas exchange under hypoxic conditions, such as root autophagy and adventitious
roots formation. However, the mechanisms behind the activation of these adaptations remain
unknown. Microscopy assays showed divergent
alterations in the cellular structure and organization of two contrasting flood-tolerant grain amaranths: A. cruentus, resistant, and A. caudatus,
susceptible. Additionally, the expression levels ofgenes associated with root degradation and adventitious root formation were strikingly different
in the two grain amaranth species tested. Thesefindings suggest that root morphological adaptations, in addition to the induction of genes
involved in autophagy, ethylene signaling, reactive oxygen species generation and fermentation
metabolism, play a crucial role in grain amaranth’s flood-stress resistance. The present study
led to a further understanding of the adaptive
responses to flooding stress in grain amaranths.
This knowledge could be employed to improve
the performance of other economically important crops under adverse ambient conditions,
including flooding, ultimately strengthening theWorld´s food security in the face of the looming
climate crisis.

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P.1160 When things happen
belowground. Shifts in root
strategy reflects better thanleaf function the healthstatus of Fagus sylvatica

a shift in roots strategy from conservative to acquisitive in decaying trees. Vigorous trees showed thicker roots, with longer lifespan at the expense of absorptive capacity, whereas decaying trees showed
higher root turnover rates and higher specific root
length. Overall, the understudied belowground processes in tree dieback processes seem to be crucial
in determining plant health and play a critical rolein connecting tree physiology and soil functioning.

Rosana López1*, Marta Pastor-García1,
Martin Venturas1, Juan Piñeiro1, GonzaloMonteoliva2, Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado1,
Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada1, Clara
Martínez-Arias2, Juan Sobrino-Plata1, 3,
Roberto Salomón1, Juan Antonio Martín1
1 Grupo de Investigación FORESCENT, Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad
Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Centro de
Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad
Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología. Facultad deCC. Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid,
Madrid, Spain. * contact: rosana.lopez@upm.es
Concerns about mortality of beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests have risen in the last decade as a resultof the stalemate of growth and long-term increase
in atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. Beech sensitivity to drought and climate change may jeopardize beech populations inhabiting marginal sites orthe driest limits of its distribution range. We selected
centennial trees with different health status, decaying vs. vigorous, in one of the southern-most beech
populations in Europe, Montejo de la Sierra (Madrid,
Spain), characterized by a sub-Mediterranean climate. Annual secondary growth of the last 100 years
was measured from tree-ring cores. We characterized aboveground processes regulating tree photosynthesis and water utilization during a growing
season. Water relations, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at the beginningof summer and at the end, coinciding with the leastand the most stressful periods. Xylem vulnerability
curves and the relationship between transpiring andconductive tissues at the branch level were measured at the beginning of summer. Additionally, we
compared fine root morphology, production andturnover during two consecutive years. While annual
growth was lower in decaying trees than in vigorous trees during the last decades, changes in leaf
and branch physiology followed a common trend
throughout the season in trees with contrasted
health status. Contrary to our expectations, neither
xylem vulnerability to embolism or the safety margin
differed among groups. However, our results showed

P.1161 Root anatomical
features of the sunflower
seedlings for prediction ofdrought tolerance
Jadranka Luković1, Aleksandra
Radanović2, Sandra Cvejić2, Anna
Galinski3, Jelena Jocković2, Kerstin Nagel3,
Dunja Karanović1, Dragana Miladinović2,
Lana Zorić1
1 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Novi
Sad, Serbia. 2 Institute of Field and Vegetable
Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. 3 IBG-2: Plant Sciences,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
To improve crop’s vitality and productivity, due tothe constant climate changes, plants need to copewith instantly fluctuating conditions of the environment. Sunflower is characterized as a moderate
drought-tolerant crop. However, its yield is significantly affected by water deficit. The aim of this research is to determine whether selected sunflower
genotypes with higher yields in a range of conditions with limited water availability have differencesin root morpho-anatomical features. The phenotyping tools included the digital root morphology androot anatomical characterization on fourteen days
old seedlings grown in rhizotrons. For the detailed
root anatomical characterization, we analyzed inbred lines that differ in maturity: early, medium early and late maturing. Along with the root seedlings
maturity, three sections per root were made to prepare cross-sections using cryotechnic procedure.
The proportion of tissues along maturity gradientwere estimated by point-counting method. The obtained results of the classical and stereological root
anatomy revealed significant phenotypic variability
among genotypes. The theoretical hydraulic conductance (kh), the volume density (Vv) of xylem andvessel diameter, increase along the maturity gradient for all genotypes. According to the results ob-

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tained by an application of the Discriminant Analysisof the main components, characteristics: Vv of cortex, number of cell layers cortex parenchyma, Vv ofxylem, and % of vessels with lumen <1000 μm2 contributed to the discrimination among the genotypes.
For breeders, it is important to find connections between variation in root anatomy, especially divisionof vascular cambium initials within and among
genotypes, and adaptive and physiological traits
that determine how they respond to environmental
variation. Considering that sunflower root anatomical characteristics have not been directly used inbreeding programs, these findings open the way for
new breeding strategies.

P.1164 Role of gibberellicacid biosynthesis in growthand metabolic content of invitro grown catmint (Nepeta
nuda L.)
Anna Zaharieva1, Georgi Ivanov1, Ioanna
Ivanova1, Margarita Popova1, Ivanka
Malincheva1, Velina Chingarova1, Mila
Rusanova2, Krasimir Rusanov2, Desislava
Mantovska1, Miroslava Zhiponova1
1 Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment
Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria 2 Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

P.1163 Nutrient resorption
efficiency in Quercus
ilex along a north-south
gradient and its relation
with climate
Esteban Manrique1, Mohamed Alifriqui2,
Christian Kindler3, Francisco I. Pugnaire3
1 Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid, Spain. 2 Biology Department, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. 3 Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, La
Cañada, Almería, Spain.
Plants in nutrient-limited environments have developed strategies to maximize nutrient efficiency; forinstance, by avoiding losses through nutrient resorption from senescent leaves. There seems to be
no relationship between resorption efficiency andnutrient availability in soils and, therefore, other factors should control the process. Experimental manipulations have evidenced impacts of temperatureand rainfall changes on nutrient resorption efficiency. We addressed the effects of these two climate
factors on nutrient resorption efficiency in holm oak(Quercus ilex L.) forests, an evergreen species that
dominates wide areas of the western Mediterranean
Basin along with Q. rotundifolia Lam. Our objective isto analyze the importance of nutrient resorption efficiency (NRE) in Q. ilex along a latitudinal gradientfrom Bordeaux (France) in the north to Ain Asmama (Morocco) in the south, with several points in the
Iberian Peninsula that differed in mean annual temperature and rainfall. Our results show that nutrient
resorption efficiency (NRE) differed across sites andnutrients. NRE of N, P and K is linked to the nutrient
pool in the green leaf and to N-S gradient, suggesting a water-controlled resorption mechanism.

Plant hormones play a crucial role in modulating various facets of plant growth and development. A recent
study on the medicinal plant Nepeta nuda L., commonly known as “catmint”, revealed different endogenous hormonal levels in plants cultivated in vitro and innature. Namely, the in vitro plants had increased gibberellins (GA) level, and the wild-grown plants had amuch higher abscisic acid (ABA) content. In this work,
we aimed to study in vitro N. nuda to assess the growthand metabolic impact of exogenously applied (4-6μM) GA, paclobutrazol (PBZ) which is a GA biosynthesis
inhibitor, and ABA acting as a GA antagonist. The application of GA notably changed plant architecture byheightening N. nuda stem but decreasing leaf area. On
the other hand, PBZ and ABA caused a compact plantstature with lower water content. All the phytoeffectors
reduced plant biomass compared to the untreatedcontrol indicating growth retardation at high concentrations. Conversely, the three regulators enhanced
the levels of reducing sugars known to be involved in
growth, acting as free radicals-scavengers, and increasing the solutes during dehydration. Both PBZ and
ABA significantly raised the phenolic antioxidants. In linewith the evidence for role of GA biosynthesis in the plantdrought response, a differential pattern in the accumulation of volatile metabolites was observed. The specificfor N. nuda iridoid nepetalactone was higher in control
and GA-treated plants, while it was reduced by PBZ, andnot affected by ABA. Other species-specific iridoids as
eucalyptol, caryophyllene, and germacrene D, reported to accumulate in dry environments, were stimulated
by PBZ. These findings indicate that a decline in GA
biosynthesis may contribute to N. nuda adaptation toharsh environmental conditions and provide valuable
insights for enhancing the respective production of bioactive compounds.

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Acknowledgments: The work is supported by BNSFKP-06-N56/9/12.11.2021, and BG05M2OP001-1.002-0012.

P.1165 A global synthesisof climate change effects
on plant reproductive
traits and plant-pollinatorinteractions
Silvana Martén-Rodríguez1,Martín Hesajim
de Santiago-Hernández1,3, Lucero
Clemente-Martínez1, Gary Krupnick2,
Orley Taylor4, Martha E. LopezaraizaMikel5, Estrella E. Paramo-Ortiz1, Guillermo
Huerta-Ramos1, Eugenia M. SentíesAguilar1, Sergio Díaz-Infante1, Armando
Aguirre Jaimes6, Samuel Novais6, Edson
Jacob Cristobal-Pérez1, Jorge CortésFlores7, Francisco Javier Balvino-Olvera1,
Karen D. Pérez-Arroyo1, Oliverio DelgadoCarrillo1, Jorge Lobo-Segura8, Ilse RuizMercado, María J. Aguilar-Aguilar1,
Roberto Sáyago-Lorenzana5 , Yvonne
Herrerías-Diego1,3, Mauricio Quesada1
1 Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico. 2 National
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
USA. 3 Laboratorio de Vida Silvestre, Facultad de
Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolásde Hidalgo, Morelia Michoacán, Mexico. 4 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, USA. 5 Escuela Superior de Desarrollo
Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero,
Técpan de Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico. 6 Red deInteracciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología,
México. 7 Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología,
Sede Tlaxcala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Mexico. 8 Universidad
de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
Climate change is expected to affect the ecological, physiological, morphological, and life history
traits of plants and animal pollinators. We surveyed
the published literature on the effects of climatechange on plant reproductive traits and plant-pollinator interactions at a global scale. We recorded
impact directions and patterns of change acrossdifferent plant and animal traits, latitudes, and world
ecosystems. We found ample evidence that warm-

ing temperatures are associated with reduced
geographic ranges of plant and pollinator species
worldwide and with advanced flowering and pollinator phenologies in temperate regions (75% ofplant and pollinator species); in contrast, there is a
paucity of studies that directly evaluate the effects
of climate change on flowering or pollinator phenologies in tropical regions. Results also suggest thatfloral rewards mainly experience adverse effects
under warming and drought but scent emissions
either increased or changed in composition. Flower
production, plant reproductive success, and pollinator abundance exhibited diverse responses under
different warming and water availability levels. In
contrast, pollinator physiologies and life history traits
mostly showed negative responses under warming
temperatures. Drought, extreme weather events,and synergistic effects with land-use change had
predominantly adverse effects on plant and pollinator traits. In conclusion, global warming is having significant consequences for plant reproduction across the globe, although the effects are notalways negative. Few cases of spatial or temporalplant-pollinator mismatches have been confirmed;
however, the widespread occurrence of geographic and phenological displacements suggests thatmismatches will probably be frequent in our warming world. The review underscores the urgent needfor further research in tropical and subtropical regions and underrepresented plant and pollinatorgroups worldwide.

P.1166 Towards a more
efficient Montreal Protocol:
simulating “ozone holes”
in Antarctica for a better
evaluation of ultraviolet-B
damageJavier Martínez-Abaigar1, Laura Monforte1,
Rafael Tomás-Las-Heras1, Mª Ángeles
Del-Castillo-Alonso1, Gonzalo SorianoSancha1, Encarnación Núñez-Olivera1
1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of
La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-315 nm) represents only
about 0.33% of the solar photosynthetic radiation,
but has strongly determined the evolution of life on
Earth. The discovery of the anthropogenic strato-

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spheric ozone degradation (“ozone hole”) and theconsequent UV-B increase in the biosphere greatly
stimulated the research on its effects on the environment, which was strengthened by the signing of
the Montreal Protocol in 1987. However, despite theMontreal Protocol is being the most efficient international agreement signed to date and has also
contributed to mitigate global warming, the current interactions between “ozone hole” and climatechange will probably cause a further UV-B increaseat the ground level. Thus, the Montreal Protocol parties need new and realistic information to assess
how organisms and ecosystems will respond to theongoing changes in UV-B radiation and climate,
and to implement the most adequate measures tominimize risks. This can be particularly referred to
Antarctica, where “ozone holes” have recently (2020
and 2021 austral springs) been much more severe
than expected. Given this background, we simulated “ozone hole” episodes on 12 Antarctic species (10mosses, one lichen and the only two native flowering plants) under field conditions and analysed theireffects in terms of both damage (through the measurement of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, Fv/Fm) and protection (evaluating thebulk amount of potentially protecting UV-absorbing
compounds). Our study was performed in the vicinity of the Spanish Antarctic Station “Juan Carlos
I” (Livingston Island, 62º 40’ S, 60º 23’ W) during the
XXXV Spanish Antarctic Campaign (February-March
2022). Clearly, the responses strongly depended on
the species considered, and thus the implementation of conservation measures should contemplatethese differences.

P.1167 Bridging past andpresent: a methodology forinterpreting flowering timefrom herbarium specimens

and collection sites of specimens. We introduce anovel method for interpreting flowering timing fromherbarium specimens, focusing on the species Arthropodium strictum R.Br. This method determines
the difference between the collection date and thedate of a chosen earlier flowering phase, basing thedifference on the timing, (in days), of the transitionof one flowering phase to the next observed on living plants. Using this difference to place herbarium
observations onto an intra-annual timeline enables
true comparison among specimens. We coupled thetimeline placed observations with temporally andspatially appropriate climatic and elevation datafor pheno-climatic assessment. The climatic and elevation variables were modelled against the timeline placed flowering dates. At the few sites where
repeat sampling has occurred, we detected changes in flowering timing. However, the spatial heterogeneity among the remaining collections prevents
direct detection of change elsewhere. Higher spring
temperatures were associated with earlier floweringtiming. Most late-year flowering occurred at higher elevations compared to early-year flowering. Our
methodology provides a clearer understanding of
historical flowering timing and facilitates comparison with contemporary observations. This method
establishes a framework for phenological data collection that could be applied to other species andwill have defined, meaningful and interpretable results, because it enables realistic estimates of thetiming of the individual phases of historic flowering
events. Furthermore, it allows revisiting sites corresponding to the herbarium collection to collect contemporary observations for comparison with a single visit.

P.1168 Photosynthetic
response of Quercus suber. L
seedlings
Zaineb MHALHLI1, Issam TOUHAMI1,
Hammadi Achour2, Zouhair NASAR1,
Touhami RZIGUI1,2

Andrew E. McDougall1, Steven Delean1,Michelle Waycott1,2
1 Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology,
The University of Adelaide, Australia. 2 The State
Herbarium of South Australia.
Understanding the timing of plant flowering is crucial for gaining insights into climate responses, particularly in the face of global climate change. Utilizing herbarium records presents a promising avenue
for studying phenology, yet their interpretation has
been hindered by the diverse phenological phases

1: National Research Institute of Rural Engineering,
Water and Forests (INRGREF), LR16INRGREF01 Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest
Resources, Carthage University, Ariana, Tunisia 2:
Institute Sylvo-Pastoral of Tabarka, University of
Jendouba, Tabarka, Tunisia.
Photosynthetic traits of four years Quercus Suber. L
greenhouse seedlings coming from seven different
Tunisian provenances were investigated: JES: Djebal599

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Essarej, SZD: Sidi Zid, KER: Kef Errand, DCH: Djebal Chahid, MEJ: Majel Essaf, FEJ: Feija, BEL: Bellif. JES, SZD, KER
and DCH are the provenances originated from thedriest sites meanwhile MEJ, FEJ and BEL are the ones
originated from the wettest sites. Using the Farquhar
analysis model Farquhar et al., (1980), we reported achange in the maximum rate of carboxylation, Vcmax, from 63μmol m-2 s-1 for JES provenance to 82
μmol m-2 s-1 for MEJ provenance. Also, a shift in the
maximum rate of electron transport, Jmax, was observed from 119 μmol m-2 s-1 for JES provenance to155 μmol m-2 s-1 for MEJ provenance as well. A strong
correlation between Vcmax and Jmax was recorded. However Specific leaf area (SLA) and relative
stomatal limitation (Ls) did not show any differences
between the seven provenances. Additionally, MEJ
and JES provenances had shown the highest andlowest CO2 assimilation rates at both natural ambient (An) and saturated CO2 (Asat), respectively. These
results indicate that provenances-specific differences in the CO2 uptake are due to the differencesof the biochemical reactions capacities that regulate the gas-exchange process.

P.1169 The abiotic stressfactors and the genetic
changes generated ingrassland plants belonging
to the Fabaceae andPoaceae families

photosynthesis, and transcription. In relation of abiotic
stress and genes, plants often respond to environmental stress by altering the expression of specific genes.
The expression of genes involved in energy metabolism,
photosynthesis, and stress response pathways may be
upregulated or downregulated in response to various
stressors. In the present study, we evaluate changes
induced by abiotic stress factors at the SNP`s level ingenes (nad1/2-3, cox1, rbcLa, rpoC1, psbA-trnH, trnL-trn)
which could be involved in stress response pathways
in plants species (together with genes already known
to be involved in abiotic stress as NAC, DREB1/2) in the
spontaneous pastoral flora belonging to the Fabaceae
and Poaceae families. During the study we evaluatedthe existing differences between spontaneous species
compared with the same species from different plant
breeding programs and their genetic evaluation indifferent environmental conditions (altitude, water regime, photo-period, temperature, soil, etc.). The statistical component is made with reference to the genes
sequences similarity by similarity matrices to highlightthe genetic distance or proximity between the species
from our study. An association analysis of two matrices(Mantel test) between the SNPs profiles (from analyzed
genes) correlated with the geoclimatic parametersfrom the places where the samples were collected.
Concluding, this study output can be valuable for developing improved pastoral perennial stress-tolerant
plant species and improving agricultural practices, also.

P.1170 Investigating theimpact of environmental
stress on pollen
development in Cakile
maritima

Ciprian Valentin Mihali1, Neculai
Dragomir1, Dana Elena Ilie1, Radu IonelNeamț1, Alexandru Eugeniu Mizeranschi1,Rareș Dumea2, Gheorghiță Angheluș
Olenici2, Monica Alexandrina Tod2

Diana-Maria Mircea1, Ricardo Mir1, Monica
Boscaiu2, Oscar Vicente1

1 Research and Development Station for Bovine–
Arad, Romania. 2 Research-Development Institutefor Grassland Brașov, Romania.
Abiotic stress in plants refers to environmental factorsthat can negatively impact plant growth and development. These stressors are non-living factors, and they
include extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, heavy
metals, and other conditions that can affect plant
health. When plants are exposed to abiotic stress, theyoften undergo physiological and molecular changes
as part of their adaptive responses. The genes nad1/2-3,
cox1, rbcLa, rpoC1, psbA-trnH, trnL-trn play crucial roles invarious cellular processes, including energy production,

1 Institute for Conservation and Improvement of
Valencian Agrodiversity, Universitat Politècnica deValència, València, Spain 2 Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València,
València, Spain.
Environmental stresses like salinity, drought or increasing temperatures, exacerbated under thecurrent climate change scenario, present a growing threat to Cakile maritima, a halophytic species
that thrives in coastal habitats (Arbelet-Bonnin etal. 2019). This prospective study aims to clarify how
abiotic stress, particularly salt and water stress, affects C. maritima’s reproductive biology, empha-

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sising pollen formation and gametophytic function.
To address this question, C. maritima plants arebeing exposed to different stress levels and theirreproductive responses monitored over time. The
complex interactions between abiotic stressors
and plant reproduction represent an active field ofstudy in plant biology, and the general negative effects of stress on pollen function and other reproductive traits are well-known for many crop species.
However, similar studies are lagging far behind in
halophytes. Therefore, it is likely that environmental
stress also disturbs the reproductive phenology of
C. maritima, potentially affecting flowering time andthe number of flowers formed. A detailed study of
microspore and pollen development within anthers
will be conducted to detect possible stress-inducedchanges in morphology, pollen viability and germination capacity in vitro and in vivo, which are criticalfor efficient pollen reproductive competence. This
study aims to provide valuable insights into the link
between environmental stress and C. maritima reproductive biology and may be relevant for predicting how resilient coastal plant communities will beto environmental disturbances.
References: D. Arbelet-Bonnin, I. Ben-Hamed-Louati, P. Laurenti, C. Abdelly, K. Ben-Hamed, F. Bouteau,
Chapter Two - Cakile maritima, a promising modelfor halophyte studies and a putative cash crop forsaline agriculture, Editor(s): Donald L. Sparks, Advances in Agronomy, Academic Press, Volume 155, 2019, p
45-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2019.01.003.

P.1171 A step toward
understanding heavy metal
tolerance in violets basedon metabolome analysis
R. Miszczak1,2*, B. Slazak3,4,**, K. Sychta2,***, U.
Göransson4,****, A. Słomka2,*****
1 Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences,
Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Cracow, Poland,*rebecca.miszczak@doctoral.uj.ed u.pl. 2 Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty ofBiology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Cracow,
Poland, ***klaudia.sychta@uj.edu.pl, *****aneta.
slomka@uj.edu.pl. 3 W. Szafer Institute of Botany,
Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, Poland, **b.
slazak@botany.com. 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, ****ulf.goransson@uu.se.
Viola genus (violets) includes species known as obligate metallophytes or pseudometallophytes dis-playing different levels of tolerance to heavy metals(HMs). Because of onlya few studies, the specific tolerance mechanisms rendering the violets tolerant
to metalsremain unclear. It remains an open question whether violets use universal metal tolerance
mechanisms (metallothioneins, phytochelatins, organic acids) and/or have specific tolerance mechanisms, e.g. the production of low-molecular-weight
peptides – cyclotides. In the current experiment,
sterile seedlings were obtained from seeds of V. tricolor from metallicolous (Bukowno mine heap; M)
and nonmetallicolous populations (Botanical Garden in Cracow; NM). The following treatments wereapplied: 0 (control), 100 or 1000 ppm of Zn(NO3)2 orPb(NO3)2 for 3 or 7 days. The content of heavy metals in the treated seedlings was measured using
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Metabolite
contents in methanolic extracts were analyzed using LC-MS and compared between samples. The
statistical analysis of results included PCA and univariate analyses performed using RStudio. Under thetreatment 1000 ppm (3 days), lead content was very
high, both in roots and leaves, twice as much in M as
in NM. Zn’s content in both concentrations (100 ppm,
1000 ppm), genotypes (M, NM), and organs (roots,
leaves) was comparable between all samples except M root treated with 1000 ppm. The pool of identified metabolites mainly consisted of flavonoids,
lignans, and sterols. High Pb concentrations accumulated within plant organs had the most cytotoxic
effect on metabolite content. Some substances did
not occur in leaves. Further in-depth bioinformatics
analyses will identify key compounds involved in Zn
and Pb tolerance in violets. Acknowledgements: This
work was funded by National Science Centre (grantno. 2021/41/B/NZ8/01737).

P.1172 Genomic structureand diversity of Quercus
suber across its complete
latitudinal distribution
Melissa Viveiros Moniz1, ÁngelaSánchezMiranda2, A. Jesús Muñoz Pajares1,
Mohamed Abdelaziz1, Luis Matías2
1 Departamento de Genética, Universidad deGranada, Granada, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología,
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
Drought conditions caused by climate change posea threat to many plant species across the world. This601

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global trend is prompting scientists to look at the potential involvement of local adaptations through intraspecific differences in functional traits, which could
improve conservation methods by increasing plant
resilience to the decreasing availability of water. Corkoak (Quercus suber L.) is an economically and ecologically valuable woody species that is endemic to
the Mediterranean region. For the last 80 years, theentire surface area of cork oak woodlands has been
reduced from 140,000 ha to 70,000 ha. In recent years,
there has been considerable research on the declineof Q. suber to understand how climate change impacts the distribution and viability of cork oak populations. Studies have shown that Quercus suber populations exhibit latitudinal variation in their response todifferent environmental stressors, including drought,
which is possibly attributed to adaptations to specific environmental conditions. This evidence suggeststhat certain populations may have developed genetic
variants that enable resistance to drought conditions
prevalent in their specific latitudinal range. Hence,
this study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of natural populations of cork oak and to compare
genomic patterns across populations in a latitudinaltransect covering the complete latitudinal distributionof the species. Particularly, we have sequenced the
genomic DNA of a total of 97 individuals from sevenpopulations to evaluate the genetic structure of theentire transect as well as the genetic diversity of every
population. Our sequencing strategy also allows us to
explore the genetic mechanisms involved in the different tolerance to drought conditions of the studied
natural populations.

P.1173 Current and future
prospects of ethnomedicinal
potential of Mistletoe, an‘intriguing and mystic allpurpose herb’
Maeleletse G. Mopai1, Semakaleng Mpai1,
Ashwell R. Ndhlala1
1 Department of Plant Production, Soil Sciences
and Agricultural Engineering, University of Limpopo,
Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Mistletoe is a common name for parasitic plant species that belong to the families Loranthaceae andViscaceae, which are both taxonomically related.
The most common Viscaceae genera is Viscum,
which comprise of approximately 120 species andan estimate of 100 species under Loranthaceae.
Mistletoe plants are known for their ethnomedicinal
purpose for treatment of various ailments including
cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, asthma, hypertension,
headaches, menopausal symptoms, infertility, dermatitis, arthritis, and rheumatism. Mistletoe is abundant in forest regions and orchards as a hemiparasite and has long been used. The aim of this study is
to comprehensively generate documentation of thedispersal and establishment mechanism on a host,nutritional and phytochemical composition andethnomedicinal potential of some Mistletoe species
in a consensus. Researchers have reported on theeffect of tissue culture on nutritional composition of
the most Viscum species, in comparison with mistletoe plants and hosts. Moreover, the major phytochemical constituents of some extensively exploited
mistletoe plants that have been reported previously include gastric-irritating alkaloids, cardiac toxins (viscotoxins, phoratoxins), saponins, and lectins
as well as tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The morphology, ecosystem and economic impact, and mistletoe-host relationship of somemistletoe species has been intensively studied anddocumented. Therefore, this review will briefly show
up research gaps in relation to the objectives herein.

P.1174 Phyto-nutrient
profiling of two amaranth
species grown under theorganic medium enclosed
trough system
Maeleletse G. Mopai1, Semakaleng Mpai1,
Ashwell R. Ndhlala1
1 University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South
Africa.

P.1175 Phenotypic
differences in presence andabsence of drought stressacross different populationsof Solanum chilense

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Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Aurelien Tellier1
1 Dept. of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Population
Genetics, Freising, Germany.

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Drought stress presents a significant challenge to
agriculture globally due to its limiting effects on crop
yields, which will be reinforced by climate change.
Wild tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon),and Solanum chilense in particular, are good model
systems for studying plant demography and local
adaptation to abiotic stresses. Solanum chilense
has colonized habitats around the Atacama Desert,
and thus this species is considered one of the mostpromising genetic resource for tomato selection oftolerance to abiotic (drought) stresses. In this study,
we compared the effect of normal watering versus
drought under controlled climatic conditions on thephysiology of different populations of S. chilense,
each characterized by a distinct local habitat. We
use seven accessions of parental populations
LA4107, LA3111, LA1963, LA4330, LA4117A, LA2932, LA2755
from coastal up to highland habitats. Five individuals from each accession and three replicates per
individual are studied and grown in climatic chambers, with measures of plant physiology taken from4 to 6-week-old cuttings (from mother plants). Plant
growth parameters (Shoot length, shoot diameter),physiological responses (Seed germination, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate), and morphological characters of leaves, shoot and leaves freshand dry biomass are observed and analyzed. Our
results demonstrate strong variability between populations (accessions), with central plant generally
showing vigorous growth as compared to all otherpopulations. We also observe nonetheless a large
variation within the population reflecting the known
intra-population genetic diversity. Overall, our findings indicate that the tolerance of S. chilense towater stress and adaptability to local habitat is notbased on one individual trait but a combination ofseveral polygenic loci governing plant growth, morphological and physiological traits.

P.1176 Change in coastal
dune vegetation invaded
by invasive tall grass over 17
years in northern Japandunes at Ishikari Beach, Hokkaido of Northern Japan. To clarify the temporal changes in the community structure with reference to the invasion ofinland plants, we investigated species composition
and abundance of individual plant species within a
10 m square plot over a 17-year period since 2000.
M. sinensis increased the abundance from year toyear by 2006 and replaced coastal species, such as
Lathyrus mollis. Additionally, the distribution of invasive grasses, Carex microtricha and Poa pratensis,
also expanded at the understory of M. sinensis. A total percent cover of these inland species exceeded
70% by 2017. The NMDS ordination analysis revealed
that coastal vegetation in this area has changed toinland-plant dominated community with homogeneous species composition during the 17 years. On
the other hand, many coastal species continued tosurvive, although their abundance was decreasing. The temporal patterns of these coastal plants
varied depending on the growth characteristics ofindividual species. Coastal plants with creeping belowground rhizomes or aboveground stems wereable to survive against the invasion of inland grasses owing to the ability of flexible mobility. However,continuous impacts of invaded plants may make it
difficult for coastal plant populations to survive. For
the conservation of coastal vegetation, trials of vegetation management, such as artificial control of invasive plants, are urgent.

P.1177 Assessing thecontribution of deterministic
vs. stochastic processes
to local species assembly:
a field experiment withannual-plant dominatedcommunities
Laura Ortiz1, Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga1, Pablo
Ferrandis2

1 Hokkaido Research Organization, Sapporo, Japan.

1 Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física yQuímica Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,
Móstoles, Spain. 2 Instituto Botánico de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Jardín Botánico deCastilla- La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.

Coastal dune vegetation has changed drasticallyworldwide due to the stabilization of dune systems
and rapid replacement of species growing there. In
recent years, Miscanthus sinensis, a tall inland grass,has invaded and expanded its distribution on the

Understanding the processes involved in the formation of communities is still a hot topic with many unresolved questions. Assembly of plant communities isgenerally approached within the frame of a conceptual gradient defined by two opposing postulates: theYoko Nishikawa1, Takashi Shimamura1

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deterministic (Clements, 1916) versus the stochastic
views (Gleason, 1926). Although both approaches havereceived much attention, species assembly theory
has grown mainly based on observational studies dueto the difficulty of manipulating entire communities.
In this study, we designed a novel field experiment ina semi-arid Iberian gypsum system lasting four consecutive years, to evaluate the relative contribution ofboth stochastic events (here represented by the arrival of seeds) and biotic (represented by the presenceof Macrochloa tenacissima perennial tussocks and biological soil crust) and abiotic (yearly rainfall) environmental filtering to the assembly of the annual-plant
dominated communities. Our field experiment was
performed on paired plots (i.e., seed free soil vs. homogenised natural soil with the complete seed bank)testing the effects of tussocks vs. BSC vs. open areas
on plant assemblages. Results demonstrated that, inyears without water stress, stochastic processes weremore active than deterministic processes. Although
the latter affected cover and taxonomic diversity inassemblages, they did not clearly select for specieson the basis of their functional traits. Furthermore, therole played by the presence of BSCs in the community assembly should be highlighted, as their presence
substantially accelerated the reconstitution of major
plant community features.

P.1178 Tracing 30 years ofgenetic diversity changes
along pollution gradientsin brown algae: A poolsequencing approachin the North Atlantic coastal environments, making its
genetic health vital for the entire ecosystem. In thisstudy we analyzed samples of F. vesiculosus from anenvironmental specimen bank to investigate changes in genetic diversity over a 30-year period acrossa pollution gradient. Specifically, we examined samples from five populations of F. vesiculosus (~50 thalli
per population) collected in 1990, 2005 and 2021 in the
North Atlantic Ocean (Galicia, NW Spain), assessing
genetic variation and their pollutant concentrations.
Levels of the latter in F. vesiculosus tissues ranged from
0.31 to 2.4 to mg kg-1 for Cd, from 0.22 to 6.5 mg kg-1 forPb and from 7.2 to 372.5 ug kg-1for Hg during the 30year period. We hypothesize that populations in polluted areas have could experienced a loss in genetic
diversity as a result of chronic pollutant exposure, andthat populations from areas that varied from polluted
to unpolluted have not recovered genetic variability
yet. The ongoing pool-sequencing analysis will allow
us evaluate the impact of anthropogenic activities on
genetic variability. Loss of genetic diversity can limit
adaptative potential, which is particularly relevant in
the context of global change and in this specie given
its essential roles in coastal ecosystems. By elucidating
temporal patterns of genetic diversity, we gain valuable insights into the mechanisms driving evolutionary
processes. This study highlights the broader implications of utilizing environmental specimen banks to understand genetic temporal patterns to offer valuable
contributions to ecological and evolutionary researchunder a reliable and cost-effective method.

P.1179 Mercury
concentration declines
in brown algae along theNorth Eastern Atlantic
Coast: Three decades ofobservations

Carme Pacín1,2, M. Teresa Boquete1,
Jesús R. Aboal1, J. Ángel Fernández1, Bodil
Cronholm3, Thomas Wernberg4, SamuelStarko4
1 CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 2 CIQUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago deCompostela, Spain. 3 Department of Bioinformatics
and Genetics, Swedish museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. 4 UWA Oceans Institute andSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Western
Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Studying the temporal evolution of genetic diversity
is crucial for predicting adaptative potential and mitigating future ecological changes, particularly in ecosystem engineer species like the brown algae Fucus
vesiculosus. This alga serves as a foundational species

604

Carme Pacín1,2, Zulema Varela1, Inés G.
Viana3, Rita García-Seoane3, Carlos Real4,
Rubén Villares4, J. Ángel Fernández1, Jesús
R. Aboal1
1 CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 2 CIQUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago deCompostela, Spain. 3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A
Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. 4 Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago deCompostela, Lugo, Spain.

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Mercury pollution poses a significant threat for themarine ecosystem due to its toxicity and persistencein the environment. This study investigates temporal trends in mercury (Hg) concentrations within over
450 samples of brown algae (Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus ceranoides, and Fucus spiralis) collected fromthe Northeastern Atlantic coast (Galicia, NW Spain)from 1990 to 2021 at consistent sampling sites, providing high resolution data. The results indicate substantial decreases in Hg concentrations across most
sampling locations, with a median reduction of ~50%
over time and total median values ranging from 17.78
μg kg-1 in 2021 to 60.75 μg kg-1 in 1990. The observed
decline is likely attributed to reductions in metal concentrations within marine environments because of
the emergence of environmental policies such as the
Minamata Convention or the Regulation (EU) 2017/852.
However, factors associated with global change, suchas declining pH, increasing sea surface temperature,and heat content, might also have a role in these declines. In addition, the emergence of adaptations in
the algae could also be explaining a decrease in the
uptake of metals by the algae. In any case, the reduction in Hg concentrations in brown algae is significant
itself given their key role as ecosystem engineers andtheir potential trophic transfer of these contaminants
to consumers. Due to the scarcity of studies on thetemporal trends in metal contamination in coastal
ecosystems, this data provides valuable insights for
future environmental conservation strategies and environmental policy assessment.

P.1180 Better soon thannever: climate change
induces strong phenologicalreassembly in the floweringof a Mediterranean shrubcommunity

so those regarding the consequences of phenologicalchanges for emerging ecological interactions. In the
Mediterranean region, the effects of climate change
are stronger than the global average and there is anurgent need to understand how biodiversity will be affected in this area. In this study we investigated how
the entire flowering phenology of a community comprising 51 perennial species from the south of the Iberian Peninsula changed from the decade of the 1980s
to the 2020s. Furthermore, we have analysed the consequences of these changes for flowering order andco-flowering patterns. We have found that the flowering phenology of the community has advanced byabout 20 days, and was coherent with the increasing
temperatures related to climate change. Individual
species have generally advanced their entire flowering phenology (start and end) and increased theirflowering duration. The early flowering has resulted in are-organisation of the flowering order of the community and generated a new co-flowering assemblagesof species, with a slight trend towards an increase ofshared flowering time among species. The advanced
flowering phenology and changes on flower duration
reported here were of unprecedented magnitude,
showcasing the extreme effects of climate change on
Mediterranean ecosystems. Furthermore, the effects
were not similar among species, which could be attributed to differences in sensitivities of environmental
cues for flowering. One consequence of these changes in flowering times is the ecological mismatches indicated by the changes in flower order and co-flowering between decades. The novel scenario may lead tonew competition or facilitation interactions and to theloss or gain of pollinators.

P.1181 Biased retention ofenvironment-responsive
genes following genome
fractionation

Daniel Pareja-Bonilla1, Montserrat Arista1*,
Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato2, Pedro
L. Ortiz-Ballesteros1

Rimjhim Roy Choudhury1, Marc Beringer1,
Terezie Mandáková2, Sandra Grünig1, Ilia J.
Leitch3, Martin A. Lysak2, Christian Parisod1

1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología,
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. 2 Instituto deBiociencias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júliode Mesquita Filho”, Rio Claro, Brazil.

1 Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. 2 Central European Institute ofTechnology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 3 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, United
Kingdom.

Flowering is a key process in the life cycle of a plant.
Climate change is shifting flowering phenologies in
the northern hemisphere, but studies with long data
series at community level are scarce, and even more

The molecular underpinnings and consequences ofwhole-genome duplication (WGD) cycles and subsequent gene loss through subgenome fractionation re-605

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main largely mysterious. Endogenous drivers, such astransposable elements, are well-studied as they shape
genome-wide dominance and expectedly result in aconserved least-fractionated (LF) and a degenerated
most-fractionated (MF) subgenome (biased fractionation). However, the role of exogenous factors, such as
those induced by environmental stresses, continues
to be overlooked. A chromosome-scale assembly of
the alpine Buckler Mustard (Biscutella laevigata; Brassicaceae) that underwent a WGD event about 11 million years ago, coupled with transcriptional responses
to heat, cold, drought and herbivory, show that bothendogenous and exogenous drivers of gene expression have led to differential gene retention acrossthe MF and LF subgenomes. Apart from the impactof transposable elements in reducing the expression
and retention of nearby genes across the MF subgenome, transcriptional changes among 3,334 pairs ofduplicated genes highlight the endogenous stoichiometry of gene products under purifying selection(dosage balance) as the chief driver of duplicate retention. About one third of the retained duplicates exhibit novel expression patterns, indicating that genesthat respond to the environment have turned “theirhobby into a job” and typically show one constitutively-expressed supporting the increased gene dosage
after WGD, whereas the other copy remains conditionally-expressed. This mesopolyploid genome shows
uneven patterns of fractionation, with some regions
remaining unbiased whereas others are highly biased
and significantly enriched in environment-responsive
genes. The specialization of the MF subgenome in response to drought supports the link between stress
tolerance and WGD.

P.1182 New records ofvascular flora from wild
coastal areas of theMediterranean-temperate
phytogeographic belt inChile.

The study of floristic diversity is key to understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of plantcommunities, especially in the context of climatechange. The lack of systematic and updated inventories has hindered the assessment of these changes in diversity. This study focused on the diversity ofclimbing plants, vascular epiphytes and associatedspecies in five wild areas of the Mediterranean temperate coastal phytogeographic belt of Chile, areasthat had not been surveyed for more than 25 years.
Our hypothesis was a possible reduction in species
richness over time, influenced by a north-south latitudinal gradient, due to the potential effects of climate change. The sampling design was based ontransects, with 100 circular quadrats of 3 m diametercreated for analysis. Results showed that, contrary
to hypothesis, the data revealed unexpectedly highspecies richness, with 34 previously undocumented
records. This may be due to a combination of factors, including differences in sampling methods between studies, advances in taxonomic knowledge,
and variations in microhabitats that may have favoured the presence of new species. Although climate change remains a critical factor in species
distributions, these results question the validity of direct comparisons between inventories, both in timeand space. They also highlight the need for more
systematic botanical studies using standardised
methods to monitor vascular plant biodiversity.

P.1183 Phenotypic plasticity
is predicted from plant life
history and traits of theeconomics spectrum
Javier Puy1, Mónica Medrano1, Carlos
Herrera1, Conchita Alonso1
1 Estacion Biológica de Doñana- CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.

Jimmy M. Pincheira-Ulbrich1,3,4, Ulises R.
Zambrano2, Fernando A. Peña-Cortés F3
1 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile. 2 Universidad Católica de Temuco, Geografía, Temuco, Chile.
3 Laboratorio de Planificación Territorial, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile. 4 Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales, facultad de Recursos Naturales,
Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.

Phenotypic plasticity is a key mechanism by whichplants respond to changing or heterogeneous conditions. Knowing functional plasticity of the species
allows understanding their adaptive capacity, predict population responses to changing drivers andguide preventive conservation measures. Efforts topredict phenotypic plasticity across plant species
have mainly focused on computing their environmental niche range. However, within sites, trait andmagnitude of plasticity of the species might greatly
differ. because of their different selective pressures.
For example, plants with different life-history or on
distant in the resource-use strategy are thought

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to differ in their plasticity. In order to test whether
functional traits values might be associated withphenotypic plasticity, we conducted an experiment
where nine different species of similar distribution
but contrasting traits from the Erodium and Geranium genus (Geraniaceae), experienced two opposing environments (extreme drought stress or not) toquantify their maximum phenotypic plasticity. We
found that acquisitive traits (e.g. higher SLA) was associated with increased phenotypic plasticity in biomass allocation, leaf morphology and physiology,
although dependent of the life-history of the species. Our results show the potential of building predictive frameworks for phenotypic plasticity basedon easily measured plant functional characteristics.

P.1184 Anthropogenic landuse changes negatively
affect pollination anddecrease male and female
fitness in angiosperms
Mauricio Quesada1,2,3, Ramiro Aguilar1,4,5,
E. Jacob Cristóbal-Pérez1,2,6, Victoria
Marquez4, Lucas M. Carbone4, Isis Paglia7,
Leandro Freitas7, Lorena Ashworth1,4,
Silvana Martén-Rodríguez1,2, Geraldo
Wilson Fernandes1,5, Jorge Lobo1,2,6, Eric J.
Fuchs1,2,6
1 Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis
Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores
Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Morelia, Mexico. 2 Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, México-Costa
Rica. 3 Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas
y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Morelia, Mexico. 4 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de
Córdoba–CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina. 5 Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 6
Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San
Pedro, Costa Rica. 7 Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim
Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico, Brazil.
Today, most of the planet has been modified andoccupied by humans. Measuring how angiosperms
reproduce in these pervasive environments is essential for predicting the evolutionary potentialof plant populations and their ability to adapt tochanging environments. In this study, we conduct-

ed hierarchical and phylogenetically independentmeta-analyses to assess the overall effects of anthropogenic land-use changes on pollination, andmale and female fitness in terrestrial angiosperms.
Our results found negative global effects of land
use change, mainly associated with habitat loss
and fragmentation, on pollination and female andmale fitness of terrestrial flowering plants. Negative
effects were stronger in plants with self-incompatibility (SI) systems and pollinated by invertebrates,
regardless of life form and sexual expression. Pollination and female fitness of pollination generalist
and specialist plants were similarly negatively affected by land-use change, whereas male fitnessof specialist plants showed no effects. Our findings
indicate that angiosperm populations remaining
in fragmented habitats produce on average lower quantity and quality of progeny as both female
and male fitness are significantly depleted, which islikely to reduce the recruitment, survival, and longterm viability of plant populations remaining in fragmented landscapes. We underline the main current
gaps of knowledge for future research agendas andcall out not only for a decrease in the current ratesof land-use changes across the world but also toembark on active restoration efforts to increase thearea and connectivity of remaining natural habitats.

P.1185 Landscape-level
vegetation dynamics in fireaffected zones of the Santa
Monica Mountains usingsynergistic remote sensing
methods
Kamal Humagain1, Dylan Stephens2,
Zach Raposo1,3, Samuel Ericksen1,3, Kyle
Nessen1,3, Mark Mendelsohn4
1 Althouse and Meade, Inc., Paso Robles, USA. 2 University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 3 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo,USA. 4 National Park Service, Thousand Oaks, USA.
Chaparral landscapes in Southern California, vital forbiodiversity and ecosystem services, face challenges
from disturbances such as more frequent fires andprolonged droughts. To comprehensively study land
cover dynamics in these landscapes, we implemented data acquired from a multitude of remote sensing
platforms. Employing multispectral imagery captured
by UAV-mounted sensors in conjunction with NAIP im-

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agery within the Santa Monica Mountains (SAMO) region, we utilized a Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index (NDVI) threshold value of 0.3 for woody coverestimation. This approach facilitated the creation of
a second-degree polynomial regression model (R2 =0.51) for estimating woody cover percentages using
NDVI generated from NAIP imagery. Our analysis ofwoody cover changes in the SAMO Ecological Monitoring zone and areas affected by fire between 2012 and2022 indicated a decreasing trend of the high woody
cover areas even multiple years after the fire. Additionally, we leveraged a random forest classifier, integrating field data and Landsat 8 imagery within NPS
vegetation monitoring sites from 2014 to 2022 (overall
accuracy = 0.77). An examination of woody vegetationin relation to grasslands and other vegetation types
indicates a notable decline in woody vegetation. In achanging world characterized by increased fires anddroughts, these models and analyses provide valuable landscape-level insight that can be repeatedly
applied. This valuable information guides land managers and policymakers in proactive planning and theimplementation of necessary mitigation measures toprotect and effectively manage ecologically significant landscapes vulnerable to these challenges.

P.1187 Stem and root
anatomical traits of 24
young tree species of
Cerrado Legumes in relation
to fire.
Aline R. Martins1, Tainah Eduarda B.
Carneiro1, Liliane S. Camargos1, Wesller S.
Paiva1
1 Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, UNESP, Ilha
Solteira-SP, Brazil.
Plant communities in flammable environments present morphological adaptations that allowed themto survive and resprout after fire. The present study
aimed to anatomically investigate 24 young tree
species from the Cerrado that were submitted to afire experiment under controlled conditions. Plantsfrom fire experiment were anatomically analyzed
and the stem and underground structures weresectioned using a sliding microtome and stainedwith safranin and alcian blue. The obtained crosssections were photographed in a light microscopewith an attached camera. The underground struc-ture observed in the 24 species studied was characterized by roots. For some analyzed species, such
as E. contortisiliquum, an increase in root bark thickness was observed in plants from fire experiment,
while for other species, such as P. parviflora, a decrease in bark thickness was observed in seedlings
after fire. Regarding vessel elements in the secondary xylem, almost all species, except for E. mulungu and S. alata, presented changes in the quantity
and size of these structures after fire experiment.
For the stem anatomical characteristics, it was observed well developed buds with variable degrees
of bark protection. The root crown cross sections, of
12-month-old plants after fire experiment, presented
self-grafting anatomy. Thus, it was concluded that
Fabaceae species exhibited some plasticity traits
related to fire, including changes in bark thickness
and the density and diameter of vessels in the xylem
for some species and the bud bank of young leguminous species from the Cerrado was located in the
root-crown region in 23 of the studied species.

P.1188 Characterization of
the flammability of woody
species in a pine-oak forest
in Michoacán, Mexico
Esthela Rodríguez1, Moisés Méndez1,2
1 Bajío Regional Center, Ecology Institute (INECOL
A.C.), Michoacán, Mexico. 2 National Council of Humanities, Sciences, and Technologies, Mexico City,
Mexico.
Flammability can be defined as the ability of a fuelto ignite and sustain a flame. The intensity, spreadand impact of fires depend in part on how susceptible plants are to fire: more flammable plants benefit fire and its spread. The flammability of thirty-nine
woody plants in the pine-oak forest of the Protected
Natural Area “Parque Nacional Barranca del Cupatitzio” in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, was evaluated and compared. Portions of plants measuring
50 cm in length were preheated and burned in astandardised manner. Measurements of maximum
temperature, burning rate and percentage of biomass consumed were taken to calculate overall
flammability values ranging from 0 (no flammability) to ~3 (maximum flammability). Ignition time andflame sustainability variables were also used to assess their susceptibility to ignition and heat transfer
and/or flame. Fifty-nine percent of the total woody
species assessed in this forest have a moderate to608

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high degree of flammability (1.01-2.83), while the remaining 41% are slightly flammable (1<). The highest
flammability is observed in five species of the genus
Pinus , which are dominant in this vegetation type,with Pinus lawsonii being the most flammable andhaving the shortest ignition time (P.1 seconds). The
longest sustainability time was recorded by Arbutus
xalapensis with 870.74 seconds (14.5 minutes). The
species Clusia salvinii showed no ignitability. Our results provide valuable information that will contribute to improve the efficiency of prevention activities
and evaluation of fire behaviour and managementin the area, identifying the most vulnerable sites according to their plant composition.
Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

P.1189 Seawater acidification
affects nutritional value ofSkeletonema tropicum fromcoastal upwelling
Zuoxi Ruan1, Yi Wang1
1 STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Marine
Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
Upwelling areas play a critical role as fishinggrounds and are also among the regions most
severely impacted by seawater acidification (SA).
By the end of this century, the H+ concentration inthese areas is predicted to be twice that of other waters. We thus hypothesize that SA may potentially alter the macromolecular compositionof phytoplankton, consequently influencing nutritional value—a key factor governing the efficiencyof nutrient and energy transfer between trophic
levels. In experiments where the pH dropped from
8.2 to 7.9, macromolecule contents, such as proteins and carbohydrates, of Skeletonema tropicum from coastal upwelling, decreased, while thelipid pool size increased by 71%. Concomitantly,
key genes related to photosynthesis (including
light reactions and the Calvin cycle), glycolysis,
and fatty acid synthesis were significantly upregulated. Various fatty acids, such as linoleic acidand hexadecane, also exhibited an increase, indicating enhanced photosynthesis and glycolysis
to support lipid accumulation. As the pH further
decreased to 7.6, lipid content increased by anadditional 59%, while protein and carbohydratecontent remained constant. These changes canbe elucidated by the upregulation of key enzymes
in glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis (e.g., ace-

tolactate synthase). Our findings revealed that S.
tropicum tended to accumulate lipids at the expense of proteins and carbohydrates, while containing less toxic polyphenols and Si, implying an
improvement in nutritional value under seawater
acidification conditions.

P.1191 Evaluation of nitrogencompounds in Canavalia
ensiformis (L.) DC and
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.
cultivated under different
doses of manganeseThalita F. S. Mendes1, Nayane Cristina
P. Bomfim1, Jailson V. Aguilar1, Liliane S.
Camargos1
1 Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo
State University, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mn is considered an essential trace element, as
it plays an important metabolic role in the life ofplants, however, when present in high concentrations in the soil, it generates symptoms of toxicity.
With regard to the regulation of ion transport andradical mitigation, total soluble amino acids operate as signaling molecules, including in stresssituations. Therefore, the objective of the present
study was to evaluate the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds and the production of biomassof Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC and Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp., identifying possible non-enzymatic defense mechanisms linked to nitrogen metabolism,
under concentrations of 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160
mg kg-1 of Mn applied to the soil. The metabolic
response when analyzing nitrogen compounds
between C. ensiformis and C. cajan was different
between the species. The metabolism of nitrogencompounds under excess Mn in the soil was more
systematically affected in Cajanus cajan, with significant differences in shoot, root and nodules foramino acids, total soluble proteins and ureides
and a significant variation in the concentrationof biomass in the root system. In Canavalia ensiformis, stability in the concentration of compounds
was observed, mainly ureides and proteins, as thedoses of manganese in the soil increased. These
results demonstrate that the metabolism of amino acids in the legumes studied can be a central
point for understanding the mechanisms of tolerance to Mn in soil.

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P.1192 Tree ring-climate
relationship in Atlas
cedar and Aleppo pine inNorthwestern Algeria

P.1193 The role of the
microsite in reproductive
effort of the legume
Neltuma chilensis (Molina)
C.E. Hughes & G.P. lewis

Mohamed Sarmoum1, Fatiha Abdoun2,
Julio Camarero3, Frederic Guibal4, Rafael
Navarro-Cerrilo5

Maite D. I. Sepúlveda1, Juan I. Reyes1,
Paulette I. Naulin1

1 Plant physiology and soilless culture laboratory,
FSNV, Ibn Khaldoun University Tiaret, Algeria. 2 Plant
ecology and environment laboratory, FSB, University of Science and Technology, Algiers, Algeria.
3 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain. 4 Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity
and Marine and Continental Ecology, CNRS-IRD,
Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France.
5 Laboratory of Silviculture, Dendrochronology andClimate Change, Department of Forestry Engineering, University of Cordoba, Spain.
In the context of global and climatic changes, forest species are showing changes in theirproductivity, growth and range distribution. The
Aleppo pine is a typically Mediterranean species with a wide geographical distribution. Atlas
cedar is an endemic species in Algeria and Morocco. Tree-ring and climate relationships werestudied in Atlas cedar and Aleppo pine populations in northwestern Algeria. The aim of this work
is to understand the response of each of the two
species to climate change marked by persistent
drought over the past three decades. Although
the two species are exposed to similar ecological conditions, their response to climate is not
the same. Atlas cedar show positive relationships
with annual and monthly precipitation for several months, especially in winter and spring. Thissensitivity is more marked in populations locatedat low altitude and/or on a sandstone substrate.
The Aleppo pine has positive relationships withmonthly precipitation in spring and negative relationships with minimum temperatures in its upper altitudinal limit. The two species could therefore show mixed responses to climate change,these responses are modulated by environmental conditions such as substrate and altitude.
These results can improve our knowledge of the
response and resilience to drought for both species and guide future reforestation and ecological restoration projects.

1 Laboratorio Biología de Plantas, Universidad deChile, Santiago, Chile.
Neltuma chilensis is a tree native to Chile andadapted to the Mediterranean climate. The flowering and fruiting season of the species occurs insummer, when the stock of resources is limited.
This factor limits the reproductive fitness of thespecies and the survival fitness of the next generation. This study evaluated the reproductive effort of N. chilensis in three different microsites after the megaseason (2010-2022). Microsites werelocated 500 m (BS) and 50 m (LA) from a lagoon,and in an irrigated plantation (PL). Thirty fruits
were harvested from 6 trees in each microsite.
Fruit and seed mass and size were measured,and seed development, seed health, germinationand survival were assessed. The percentage ofhealthy and viable seeds (HVS) was 40% for BS,
86% for LA and 81% for PL, meaning an averageof 5, 17 and 18 HSV per fruit in each microsite, respectively. The initial seed stock decreased due
to aborted, vain and parasitized seeds. The percentage of germinated HSV was 92% for BS, 90%
for LA and 92% for PL, of which 84%, 71% and 76%
survived, respectively. Reproductive efficiency of
N. chilensis was positively related to the available
resources in each microsite, and resource allocation influenced seed characteristics and seedgermination and survival ability.
Acknowledgment to FNBN-010-2019. Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

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P.1194 Quantification of
the relative expression of asalinity stress-responsive
Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX) in
Amaranthus dubius

stressed clones maintained the traits of chlorophyll and protein levels, and NHX1-like expression.
One stress tolerant genotype also sustained thegenetic fidelity in recovered plants after controlled-rate cooling of nodal explants and storage
in liquid nitrogen.

P.1195 Mechanism of OsABT
gene to improve the salt
tolerance of roots at riceseedling

Shakira Shaik1, Ashiq Haripershad1,
Muhammad Nakhooda2
1 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. 2 Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula
University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.

Danni Wen1, Bo Shen1,*

Amaranthus dubius is an easy-to-grow, annual
shrub and a highly nutritious food source. It contains elevated leaf nutrients, and can tolerate salinity, water-deficit and high temperature stresses,
rendering it cultivable on marginal land. Despite
these advantages, this species is categorized as
an orphan (undervalued) crop in South Africa.
Moreover, agricultural propagation of A. dubius
has thus far not been realised due to high hybridisation frequency, leading to unpredictable genotypic and phenotypic variability. To realize its
agricultural potential, particularly on high-saline
soils, the present study aimed to screen, identify
and clonally propagate salinity-tolerant genotypes of A. dubius, coupled with elucidating theunderlying gene expression of the stress responseat the different experimental stages, using degenerately primed Real Time-qPCR. Importantly, a
direct organogenesis approach was used in theclonal propagation phases to ensure genetic fidelity in the regenerated populations. Fifty, fourweek-old A. dubius seedlings were subjected to100, 200 and 400 mM NaCl treatments to determine their degree of salt tolerance against a control (0 mM NaCl). Fifteen genotypes demonstratinghigh growth rates and biomasses under the salinity treatments, were clonally propagated throughnodal cuttings before being subjected to the samerange of salinity treatments as the seedlings. Theirvigour, and protein and chlorophyll concentrations matched those of the non-stressed control
plants. Quantification of the relative expressionof an NHX1-like transcript in the clonal genotypes
revealed some with salinity stress tolerance capabilities rivalling established halophytes by regulating the constitutive or inducible expression of
an NHX1-like protein. Four of these genotypes weremicropropagated through direct organogenesis
using nodal explants for which the acclimatised

1 Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,*bshen65@hznu.edu.cn.
Salinity is a major factor that affects rice yield.
Proteins containing WD40 repeats play important roles in eukaryotic development and environmental adaptation. Here, we identified OsABT
and found that its overexpression significantly enhanced salt tolerance in rice seedlings. To
identify the functions of OsABT, the roots of OsABT
overexpressing rice and Nipponbare were usedas materials. The root activity, malondialdehyde
content, O2•- production rate, sodium-potassium
ion content and ABA content were measured andthe expression of related genes were analyzed.
Transcriptome analysis, proteomic analysis andyeast two-hybrid experiment were conducted to
explore the mechanism of salt tolerance mediated by OsABT in root system of rice seedling. Basedon our experimental results, OsABT can inhibit
ROS accumulation, thereby reducing the damage
caused by ROS to cells under salt stress. Moreover,
OsABT maintains the intracellular Na+ and K+ balance by enhancing the expression of OsSOS1 andOsHAK5 in roots. OsABT also inhibits the expressionof the ABA synthesis genes OsNCED3 and OsNCED4
and promotes the expression of the ABA catabolic gene OsABA8ox2, thereby inhibiting the accumulation of ABA. Meanwhile, OsABT interacts withOsPYL4/10 and OsABIL2, and negatively regulates
the expression of ABA signal transduction-related
genes and ABA responsive genes, resulting in theattenuation of ABA signaling. Furthermore, it wasreported the ABA signaling pathway is related to
ROS and SOS signaling pathway. Thus, OsABT may
affect the ROS levels and Na+/K+ balance throughthe ABA signaling pathway to regulate root salt
tolerance in rice seedlings.

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P.1196 Multivariate analysisof physiological responsesof wild tomato species
to moderate salinity
under reduced watering
conditions

gerated accumulation of proline in leaves. Proline
buildup was more notorious in S. habrochaites, but
in both cases it did not relate to improved antioxidant or growth performances, indicating sensitivity.S. neorickii showed an improved antioxidant potential under salt stress and could sustain a higher
K+/Na+ ratio, but revealed a negative correlation
between growth and oxidative stress. These findings unveil distinctive stress responses amongwild species.

Sofia Spormann1, Cristiano Soares1,
Manuel Azenha2, Viviana Martins3,
Fernanda Fidalgo1
1 GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production
Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto,
Portugal. 2 CIQUP - Research Center in Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
3 CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental
Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho,
Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
Exploring wild germplasm of crops has emerged
as an attractive strategy in the search for abiotic
stress tolerance mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of moderate salinity stress under different watering conditions on the ion distribution, redox homeostasis, osmoregulation,
and antioxidant defenses in tomato and its wild
relatives Solanum galapagense, Solanum habrochaites, and Solanum neorickii. A principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in five PCs witheigenvalues>1, explaining 84.4% of the total variability. S. neorickii and S. galapagense formed distinct clusters on the right side of the PCA biplot,
showing higher hydrogen peroxide levels and activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes, while S. habrochaites, in contrast, showed
increased superoxide anionlevels, superoxide dismutase activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant
metabolites.PC2 highlighted the higher levels of
pigments in S. galapagense and S. lycopersicum.
When plotting PC3, which is influenced by Na+, K+
and proline, the ellipses from each genotype (except S. neorickii) scattered down the y axis in accordance with salt application. S. galapagense
sustained growth despite accumulating Na+in
shoots under salinity, which compromised K+ uptake but correlated positively with enzymatic antioxidants, suggesting an efficient Na+ compartmentalization. The domestic cultivar reached thehighest Na+ content in roots and the lowest ability
to sustain K+ uptake and K+/Na+ ratio under stress,
leading to high growth inhibitions and an exag-

P.1197 Physiologicalcharacterization of selectedisolates of microalgae from
Lake Tai (Jiangsu province,
China)
Dongling Li1,2, Bastian Steudel1*
1 Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
2 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States ofAmerica. *bastian.steudel@xjtlu.edu.cn.
Microalgae blooms are a frequent thread to ecosystems. Interestingly, algae mats growing on thewater surface consist of different species. These
consortia and the interaction of the species involved need to be studied in more detail. One
prominent and dangerous species often involved
in algae blooms is Microcystis. This cyanobacterium is of specific interest as it may produce
toxins threatening the whole lake ecosystem andfood and drinking water supply. However, the algae floating on the lakes surface are a mixtureof different species, probably indicating, that all
species need to be faced to their optimal growing conditions to build a bloom. By understanding the physiological properties of microalgae
a sound management can be implemented to
avoid the blooming of algae. We isolated microalgae strains from Taihu, the third biggest lakeof China, in summer 2022. Then we faced themto different growth conditions to identify possible
water treatment strategies allowing a management of algae blooms. Further, we determined
the optimal growth conditions of selected strains
regarding temperature and light intensity.

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P.1198 Water stress alters
leaf element concentrationsin Silene

P.1199 Similar climategrowth couplings but
divergent drought resiliencestrategies in coexisting
Mediterranean shrubs

Janet C. Steven1, Jenna R. Miladin1,
Katherine E. Ransone1
1 Christopher Newport University, Newport News,
USA.
Plants across many habitats have plastic responses to drought stress that span morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. Some of these
responses, such as reduced leaf size, are also
well-studied as adaptations to arid habitats.
However, less is known about whether plastic
physiological responses to drought are also thephysiological mechanisms involved in adaptation to arid habitats. For example, osmotic adjustment through increasing vacuolar concentrations of ions occurs in drought stressed crop
plants, suggesting that wild species growing inarid habitats could also have increased concentrations of ions as an adaptation to dry conditions. In this study, we explore whether ion uptakeof both essential and non-essential elements is
associated with tolerance to drought and aridity in the genus Silene. We conducted a drought
stress experiment in Silene latifolia in a growthchamber, and used herbarium specimens to determine how concentrations vary across a precipitation gradient in North American Silene species. We measured leaf elemental composition
with a hand-held X-ray fluorometer calibrated
for leaf tissue, which reports concentrations ofelements heavier than sodium. We found thatdrought-stressed Silene latifolia leaves contained
more potassium and chlorine than control leaves.
Plants in both treatments also accumulated silicon in their leaves. We found that North American
Silene species generally contained high concentrations of chlorine, magnesium, and potassium.
In addition, we found that most of these species
contained aluminum, and concentrations weregreater in species growing in more arid habitats.
In Silene, adaptation to dry conditions potentiallyinvolves high ion concentrations and the uptakeof non-essential elements. These traits are similar to the plastic response to drought stress seenin Silene latifolia, suggesting that responses favored by microevolution may also play a role inlineage evolution.

Elisa Tamudo Mínguez1, Antonio Gazol
Burgos1, Cristina Valeriano Peñas1, Ester
González De Andrés1, Michele Colangelo2,
Jesús J. Camarero Martínez1
1 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), Zaragoza,
Spain. 2 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food andEnvironmental Sciences, University of Basilicata,
Potenza, Italy.
Anticipating future impacts of climate warming andaridification on drylands requires understanding
how coexisting woody plant species respond to climate variability. However, we lack knowledge of thegrowth resilience capacity of Mediterranean shrubs.
Do coexisting trees and shrubs differ in their response to climate? Do coexisting shrub species havecomparable post-drought growth resilience? This
study was conducted in two Mediterranean shrublands with sparse trees in semi-arid north-eastern
Spain. We selected two sites situated in formerly agricultural or grassland areas. We sampled six shrubs’
species (Juniperus phoenicea, Juniperus oxycedrus,
Pistacia lentiscus, Pistacia terebinthus, Rhamnus lycioides, Rhamnus alaternus) and one tree species(Pinus halepensis) to measure their radial growth
and to reconstruct their past growth patterns using
dendrochronology. We quantified climate-growthcouplings of trees and shrubs, as well as the growthresilience capacity after drought events. Growth
patterns differed between species but a prevalent
trade-off between growth and longevity was found.
Growth responses to climate were comparable
between species but differed between sites. Most
species responded positively to precipitation andnegatively to temperature. The most negative correlations of growth with a drought index were foundat the driest Valcuerna site. Shrubs differed in theirresilience capacity. Across sites, species were moreresistant and resilient in Alcubierre, the wettest site.
The shrubs P. terebinthus and R. lycioides were moreresistant and resilient than the rest of species, which
required longer growth recovery times and accumulated stronger growth reductions, particularly J.
phoenicea. These results highlight the importanceof drought as a driver of growth in Mediterranean
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between species with junipers being less resilient todrought than other coexisting angiosperms. Further
research should investigate how this difference inpost-drought resilience is related to functional traits,
particularly those related with water-use strategies.

P.1200 Drought response
in Arabidopsis displays
synergistic coordination
between stems and leaves
Ajaree Thonglim1, Giovanni Bortolami1,
Sylvain Delzon2, Maximilian Larter2,
Remko Offringa3, Joost J.B. Keurentjes4,
Erik Smets1,5, Salma Balazadeh6, Frederic
Lens1,5
1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Research Group
Functional Traits, Leiden, The Netherlands (ajaree.
thonglim@gmail.com, frederic.lens@naturalis.nl). 2
BIOGECO INRA, Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
3 Leiden University, Institute of Biology Leiden, Plant
Developmental Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands.
4 Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University,
Wageningen, The Netherlands. 5 Leiden University,
Institute of Biology Leiden, Plant Sciences, Leiden,
The Netherlands. 6 Leiden University, Institute of Biology Leiden, Molecular Plant Stress Biology, Leiden,
The Netherlands.
The synergy between drought-responsive traits
across different organs is crucial in the whole-plantmechanism influencing drought resilience. These
organ interactions, however, are poorly understood,
limiting our understanding of drought response
strategies at the whole-plant level. To address thisgap, we investigated inflorescence stems and rosette leaves of eight Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance and comprehensively analyzed anatomical and hydraulictraits in well-watered and water-deficit conditions.
Our study revealed remarkable findings, demonstrating that multiple strategies can be employedto achieve their respective levels of drought tolerance. These strategies primarily involve two key
approaches: the development of xylem resistancethrough specific anatomical traits, and the maintenance of high and stable leaf water potential (Ψl) toprevent sap pressure from reaching critical thresholds through precise stomatal regulation. Among
the Arabidopsis genotypes studied thesoc1fulknockout mutant demonstrates the greatest tolerance todrought based on its synergistic combination of low
stomatal conductance (gs), largest stomatal safetymargin (SSM), more stableΨl during non-watering, in
combination with the highest embolism resistance,
most pronounced lignification, and thickest intervessel pit membranes. In contrast, in the sensitive
genotypes, including Col-0, Cvi, Kel-4, and jub1kd,
we observed the traits that contribute to increased
water loss through transpiration, and a rapid decline inΨl during drought, resulting in immediate
wilting. Interestingly, unlike the other drought-resistant genotypes, the resilient JUB1OX does not possess hydraulic and stem anatomical traits that havebeen associated with increased drought resilience.
Instead, it compensates for those traits by only displaying a stably highΨl with a lower initial gs that
gradually decreases during drought. These distinct
drought response strategies within a single annual
species highlight the remarkable adaptive capabilities of plants to respond to challenging environmental conditions.

P.1201 Myrosinase isogenes
identified in Wasabia
japonica Matsum (wasabi)and their putative roles inglucosinolate metabolism
To Quyen Truong1,2, Yun Ji Park2, Sang Min
Kim1,2
1 Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology,
Korea Institute of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic ofKorea. 2 Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung,Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
Wasabia japonica (wasabi), a Brassicaceae member, is well-known for its unique pungent smell andhot flavor derived from glucosinolate (GSL) hydrolysis. Myrosinase (MYR) is a principal enzyme catalyzing the primary conversion of GSLs to GSL hydrolysis products (GHPs) which is responsible for plant
defense system and food quality. Given the limited
information regarding MYR present in W. japonica,
this study aimed to identify MYR isogenes in wasabi plant and unravel their roles in GSL metabolism.
The identification of MYR sequences in W. japonica
was performed using de novo assembly. Expression
levels of identified MYRs, GSL accumulation, and GHP
formation were investigated across vegetative organs of wasabi plants, subjected to various abiotic treatments. Our results revealed three potential
isogenes (WjMYRI-1, WjMYRI-2, and WjMYRII) encod-

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ing for different MYR isoforms identified in W. japonica. Particularly, WjMYRI-1 was abundantly expressedin all organs, whereas WjMYRI-2 showed only trace
expression levels. WjMYRII was highly expressed in
the aboveground tissues. Interestingly, WjMYRII expression was significantly upregulated by certain
abiotic factors, such as methyl jasmonate (morethan 40-fold in petioles and 15-fold in leaves) andsalt (10-fold in leaves). Young leaves and roots contained 97.89 and 91.17 μmol/g of GSL, whereas less
GSL was produced in mature leaves and petioles(38.36 and 44.79 μmol/g, respectively). Notably, despite the non-significant changes in GSL production,
abiotic treatments significantly enhanced GHP content in samples. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation among WjMYRI-1 abundance, and GSL and GHP contents, indicating the
primary role of WjMYRI-1 in GSL hydrolysis. In contrast,
WjMYRII expression level showed no correlation witheither GSL or GHP content, suggesting another physiological role of WjMYRII in stress-induced response.
In conclusion, W. japonica possesses at least threedifferent MYR isoforms: WjMYRI-1 and WjMYRII abundantly expressed and markedly responded to abiotic treatments.

P.1202 Deciphering abovetreeline vegetation
greenness trends: Insightsfrom the Carpathian
Mountainsmugo) and woodlands dominated by Picea abies.
Our analysis revealed widespread greening andhigh spatial variability associated with land covertypes. Overall, the most pronounced greening signal
was detected within Ericaceae-rich shrublands, withvarying intensity observed across different mountain ranges and other land cover types. Our findings
highlight that high-resolution distribution models ofland cover types are pivotal to unravel the complexity of greening in mountains.

P.1203 Photosynthesis insessile oak and common
beech provenances underdrought in relation todifferent soil phosphorus
concentrations
Antonia Vukmirović1, Željko Škvorc1,
Saša Bogdan1, Daniel Krstonošić1, Marko
Bačurin1, Magdalena Brener1, Ida Katičić
Bogdan1, Tomislav Karažija2, Krunoslav
Sever1
1 University of Zagreb Faculty of Forestry and Wood
Technology, Zagreb, Croatia. 2 University of Zagreb
Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia.

Pavel D. Turtureanu1, Arthur Bayle2, MihaiPușcaș1, Philippe Choler2
1 A. Borza Botanic Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 2 Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, LECA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont
Blanc, Grenoble, France.
The long-term increase in vegetation greenness is a
topic of considerable interest in ecology. This study
aims to decipher the spatial distribution patternsof greening and their relationships to land cover in
the above-treeline ecosystems of the Carpathian
Mountains, a range that has been understudied so
far in greening studies. We calculated the greenness trends using Landsat imagery dating backto 1984 and employed a large training dataset for
high-resolution land cover classification. The land
cover types included screes, grasslands, low shrublands (mainly composed of Ericaceae and Juniperus communis), tall shrubs (composed of Pinus

Inhibition of photosynthesis is the primary physiological consequence of drought stress. This research aimed to examine the response of photosynthesis of common beech and sessile oaksaplings from two provenances, Karlovac (KA) andSlavonski Brod (SB) under the impact of drought
and phosphorus fertilization (P). During the growing season of 2022, the saplings were treated withregular watering (W) and drought (D). Half of theplants treated with regular watering or drought
were fertilized (+P), and the other half were not
fertilized with P (-P). Accordingly, the saplings were
subjected to four treatments (W/+P, W/-P, D/+P
and D/-P). The dry period was interrupted on September 1st by re-watering. Every 10 days during thegrowing season, the photosynthetic performanceindex (PIabs) and rate of net photosynthesis (Anet)were measured. The significance of the main effects (provenance and treatment) and their interactions on the PIabs and Anet in drought and postdrought periods in common beech and sessile
oak was tested by factorial ANOVA. In both species, during the drought period, the highest val-615

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ues of Anet and PIabs were recorded in W/-P treatment and the lowest in D/+P treatment. During
the drought period Anet and PIabs in oak, as well as
PIabs in beech, were higher in KA compared to SBprovenance. During the post-drought period Anetand PIabs in both species, regardless of the provenances, were still lower in drought (D/+P and D/P) compared to regularly watered (W/+P and W/P) treatments. However, PIabs in both species washigher in the D/-P compared to D/+P treatment inboth provenances. Our results indicate that elevated P concentrations did not have a significant
effect on photosynthesis in oak and beechsaplings in drought and post-drought periods.

P.1204 Altered trends inspring- and autumnflowering species in Japanin response to global
warming
Ai Nagahama1, Hitomi Uemura2, Taro
Nikaido2
1 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, lbaraki, Japan. 2 Tsukuba Botanical Garden, National Museum of Nature and Science, lbaraki, Japan.
Recent phenological studies have shown that theonset of flowering is significantly affected by global warming, which causes plant phenological shifts.
It has been reported that spring-flowering species
bloom earlier and autumn-flowering species bloom
later when the temperature increases, but it was
unclear whether both trends were prevalent in Japan. In this study, we examined responses to temperature increase and trends in phenological shifts
using the flowering records of 350 Japanese native
species collected at the Tsukuba Botanical Garden
over the past 20 years. We observed that 64 species
showed a significant negative correlation with temperature and advanced trends, whereas 17 species
showed a significant positive correlation with temperature and delayed trends. The former bloomed
mainly in spring (March–June), whereas the latterbloomed mainly in autumn (September–November). The distributions of 57 species that were significantly correlated with temperature increases but
did not show any clear advanced/delayed trends
were spring-biased, suggesting that spring-flowering phenology should be carefully monitored.

P.1205 High-latitude plants
evolve faster in temperatureniches than those in lowlatitudes
Yin Wen1,2
1 Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China. 2 South China
Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guangzhou, China.
Under the background of global climate change,
the rise of land surface temperature and frequent
extreme weather events threaten the growth andsurvival of plants. It’s essential to assess the temperature adaptability accurately for predicting their
response to climate change in plants. Temperatureniches are critical indicators, especially their evolutionary rates, which can be used to indicate temperature adaptability, with high research value. In
this study, we selected diverse plant lineages fromtropical, temperate, and alpine regions, equippedwith comprehensive distribution data and robust
phylogenetic trees. We used phylogenetic comparative analysis and macroecology approach, to analyze the global distribution pattern of the evolutionary rate of temperature niche. Our findings reveal alatitudinal trend: evolutionary rates of temperatureniches increase from the equator towards the poles,
inversely correlated with local environmental temperatures, particularly in niches associated with cold
tolerance. This pattern provides new insights into thelarge-scale adaptive strategies of global plants andcontributes significantly to our understanding of latitudinal biodiversity patterns and plant adaptation
to environmental changes across latitudes.

P.1206 Screening of lupin(Lupinus spp.) lipases forfunctional analog of yeast
Atg15
Karolina Wleklik1, Katarzyna Nuc2,
Małgorzata Pietrowska Borek1, Szymon
Stefaniak1, Sławomir Borek1
1 Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland. 2
Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Autophagy is a survival-promoting process of eukaryotic organisms, including plants, during which616

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cell components, like organelles or macromolecules,
are degraded and recycled. The molecular courseof autophagic body degradation, one of the last but
crucial step of autophagy, is significantly less known
in plants than in other organisms as no enzymes
involved in this process are yet identified. However, comparative studies can help fill this knowledge
gap about plant autophagy. The early 1990s studies on yeast identified vacuolar putative lipase Atg15
as one of the enzymes involved in autophagic bodydegradation. Despite ATG (AuTophaGy) genes andproteins being well conserved among eucaryotes,
Atg15 homologs are not found outside the fungi.
We conducted screening for yeast Atg15 analogs
in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and Andean lupin(Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) embryonic axes cultured
in vitro under various carbon (sugar) and nitrogen(asparagine) conditions. We performed RNA-Seq to
identify gene transcripts encoding lipases in lupin
embryo axes and bioinformatic analysis to predict
the subcellular localization of their protein products. We found 90 and 111 transcripts for white andAndean lupin embryonic axes, respectively, demonstrating probable vacuolar localization. Three transcripts coding potentially vacuolar lipases in lupins
represented significant similarities with yeast Atg15,
especially at the enzyme active-site motif. References: Wleklik K, Stefaniak S, Nuc K, Pietrowska-Borek
M, Borek S 2024. Identification and potential participation of lipases in autophagic body degradation inembryonic axes of lupin (Lupinus spp.) germinating
seeds. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 90, doi:10.3390/ijms25010090.
Acknowledgments: The research was financedby the Polish National Science Centre (grants no.
2016/23/B/NZ3/00735 and 2021/41/N/NZ3/01929).

P.1207 Analysis of the
starch synthase genefamily reveals that NtGBSS2
positively regulates
resistant starch synthesis
and enhances drought
resistance in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)

1 China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China. 2 Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing,
China. 3 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China.
Starch synthase is a crucial enzyme in plant starchbiosynthesis and has been well-documented inplant development and stress responses. Under
the backdrop of global warming, drought andhigh temperatures severely restrict growth, development, yield, and quality formation of tobacco. This study performed a genome-wide investigation and conducted an integrated analysisof starch synthase in tobacco. A total of 15 putative starch synthase genes unevenly distributedon chromosomes were identified in the tobacco
genome, classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic tree. The same subfamily
displayed some similarities in gene structure andmotif composition, while different subfamily exhibited variations. Gene duplication analysis indicated that segmental duplication was the primarydriving force for the expansion of tobacco starchsynthase gene family with all segmental duplication gene pairs undergoing purification selection
during evolution. The promoter regions of starchsynthase genes contained abundant stress- andhormone-related cis-elements. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis further
revealed the expression patterns of 10 potential
candidate genes under several abiotic stresses.
NtGBSS1, NtGBSS2, NtSS2 and NtSS12 were upregulated under both stress conditions, while NtSS4,
NtSS7 and NtSS10 were upregulated at certain
stress. Gene interaction network analysis revealed
that NtGBSS2 is likely the core gene involved instarch metabolism. Further subcellular localizationand genetic transformation experiment showedthat the NtGBSS2 was localized in the chloroplastand stable overexpression NtGBSS2 enhanced
the resistant starch content and improved thedrought tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants.
These results comprehensively analyze the starchsynthase genes in tobacco, and also provide thetheoretical basis and provide valuable information for understanding resistant starch metabolism and suggest targets for altering starch qualityand drought resistant breeding.

Xin Xu1,2, Bingyu Li1,2, Haiying Xiang3, Zefeng
Li1,2, Zhaopeng Luo1,2, Zhong Wang1,2,Mingzhu Wu1,2, Xiaodong Xie1,2, Qian Gao3,
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S.130. PLANTS IN FOSSIL LAGERSTÄTTEN
P.1208 Diversity of inclusionsof fruits in the Mioceneamber of Chiapas, México

P.1209 Lagerstätten of
microbial plants: the case of
Early Oligocene diatomites

Emilio Estrada-Ruiz1, Naylet K., CentenoGonzález2, Leonardo Osvaldo AlvaradoCárdenas3

Irena Kaczmarska1, James M. Ehrman2

1 Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional deCiencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional,
México. 2 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
3 Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultadde Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, México.
The outcrops of amber of the Miocene from Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico, contain a diversity of plant, fungal, arthropod and vertebrate inclusions that suggest a complex ecosystem. The
reconstruction of the past environment, based on
the fossil record of the amber, suggest estuarine
system, similar to the mangrove formation near
the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Here we present
new records of different reproductive structures
such as a cypsela and winged fruits from the Los
Pocitos, Montecristo, Guadalupe Victoria minesof the Simojovel Formation, located in Simojovel
de Allende, Chiapas. Several winged fruits represented by pseudosamaras of Podopterus genus(Polygonaceae) characterized by achenes withobovate to elliptical shape, three wings, thin withentire to undulate margin, decurrent towards thepedicel of the fruit, as well as a fruit with longitudinally elliptical to widely elliptical shape, with twowings coriaceous belonging to Combretaceae.
While the samara fruits we describe here, are butterfly-shaped with three wings, one is a small dorsal wing, and two well developed thin lateral wings
belonging to Malpighiaceae, while that the fourth
fruit, is lanceolate-winged samara belonging toPetiveriaceae. The last fruit belongs to Asteraceae
and it is characterized by a cypsela with a fusiform
obovoid shape, hairy, with phytomelanin layerswith persistent radial pappus. The presence of acypsela and winged fruits, facilitated dispersal tocolonized other areas over long distances by thewind. The new records increase the diversity of the
proposed sturine environment and underline thepaleobotanical importance of the Simojovel site.

1 Biology Dept., Mount Allison University, Sackville,
Canada. 2 Digital Microscopy Facility, Mount Allison
University, Sackville, Canada.
Even though featured in every botany textbook, it issometimes debated whether colored micro-photoautotrophs are in fact plants. This is despite theircommon global ecological functions: carbon fixation, airing, and feeding the world. Diatoms are oneof such primary producers, with an impact on the
Earth’s ecosystem on par with the terrestrial plants
combined. Diatomites are sedimentary rocks madeprimarily of fossilized diatom cell walls, sometimes
with silicified components of other micro-eukaryotes
as minor contributors. The Early Oligocene occurs
near the end of the Eocene-Oligocene transition,a major stage in a sequence of changes in global
paleoceanography. These changes also affected
regional land-ocean interactions, occasionally providing conditions for exceptionally good preservation of delicate nanno- and microfossils. In Rupelian(Early Oligocene) diatomites from the Central Paratethys (now in southeastern Poland) we recovereda wide range of microbial siliceous remains in addition to diatoms. In these diatomites, we discovered a new family of parmaleans in only the second
record of fossil remains left by this division. We recovered nano-size scales from nucleomyceans andfrom organisms of unknown affinity. Ours is the firstrecord of silicoflagellates for the Central Paratethys
and includes more than a dozen species. We also
discovered one of the most diverse assemblagesof fossilized archaeomonads, with ~25% of species
new to science. Furthermore, we recorded remainsof very delicate valves of planktonic diatoms (e.g.,
Leptocylindrus), among 200+ other species, including an unprecedented number of raphid taxa withminute (< 15 μm) valves. Although the work is not
yet completed, it is already clear that these exceptionally rich and diverse diatomites will significantly
contribute to better understanding of the evolutionof many microbial lineages, the Rupelian coastal
marine environment, and their communities in theCentral Paratethys.

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P.1210 The Dibona section(Dolomites, northern Italy)
records the transformationof the conifer flora during
the Carnian Pluvial EpisodeP.1211 New data on conifer
evolution from the Late
Triassic of Poland
Grzegorz Pacyna1
1 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian
University, Kraków, Poland.

Guido Roghi1, Piero Gianolla2, Evelyn
Kustatscher3,4,5, Alexander R. Schmidt6,
Leyla J. Seyfullah7
1 Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Padova, Italy. 2 University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. 3
Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
4 Ludwig–Maximilians–Universität, Munich, Germany. 5 Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany. 6 University of
Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. 7 University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) has been identified as a time of plant radiations and originations of new lineages, likely related to observed
rapid changes from xerophytic to more hygrophytic floras. Increasing humidity, causally resulting from LIP (large igneous province) volcanism, isconsidered the likely trigger for these changes interrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the cause
and effects of the CPE on the plant realm requires
study of well-preserved floras that are preciselyaligned with the CPE. To understand the floristic
compositions within the CPE, we studied the Dibona succession of the Italian Dolomites, whichis considered the best age-constrained section within the CPE for the terrestrial to marginal
marine environment. This succession also preserved the oldest fossiliferous amber worldwide
which delicately preserved palynomorphs andallowed combining palaeobotanical data fromsediments and amber inclusions. Our integrated study of palynomorphs and macro-remains
related to the conifer families of the fossil resin
bearing level revealed a mixture of diverse taxa
of predominantly late Palaeozoic (Majonicaceae,
Voltziaceae), Mesozoic (Cheirolepidiaceae), andextant (Araucariaceae, Pinaceae, and Podocarpaceae) conifer families. These findings suggest
a transformation of the conifer flora during the
CPE and underline firmly the effects of the LIP-induced climatic changes on the evolution and radiation of conifers.

After the Carboniferous, the Triassic is the second
most important period in conifer evolution. Conifers
originated in the Carboniferous and were represented by extinct Walchian Voltziales. In the Triassic, more evolutionarily advanced Voltzian Voltziales reached their peak of diversity and gave rise tomodern conifer families. New fossil conifer material
from the Upper Triassic of southern Poland provides
important new data, extending our knowledge ofthis group’s diversity during that time and illuminating evolutionary processes during the origination ofmodern families. The specimens are compressions
with well-preserved cuticle details. They provide
new data about scale–bract complex evolution;some specimens allow us to modify Florin’s viewson Triassic conifer evolution. At least four new typesof male cones were found, all atypically very small
for the Triassic, and with pollen preserved in situ inpollen sacs. Some seeds and ovules with preserved
anatomical details have pollen grains in micropylar canals. Additionally, some organs are preservedin organic connection, e.g. with cones attached toshoots, enabling reconstruction of complete plants.
Especially interesting are taxa that combine seedscale–bract complex morphology typical for Voltziales, leafy shoots of Brachyphyllum – Pagiophyllum
type characteristic of younger Mesozoic conifers
and modern families, and evolutionarily advanced
very small male cones. For taxa with such a mixtureof features the new family Patokaeaceae was pro
Allchar unveiled: posed. The array of characters of
Patokaeaceae shows that during the origination ofmodern conifer families, many new taxa appearedwith different combinations of plesiomorphic andapomorphic features. The presence of Patokaeaeceae only in the Late Triassic indicates that somecombinations of features did not prove to be evolutionarily effective; such plants became extinct quite
quickly. The material also contains one of the oldest
members of Cheirolepidiaceae.
Acknowledgments: The study was financed byfunds from the National Science Centre, Poland (No2021/43/B/ST10/00941).

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P.1212 Vegetation andclimate in the Zanclean(Early Pliocene) at Puerto dela Cadena (SE Spain)

P.1213 Mesozoic fossil woodsfrom the Iberian Peninsula:
new research insights
José Mª Postigo-Mijarra1,*, Manuel CasasGallego2, Rafael P. Lozano Fernández3,
Eduardo Barrón3

José Mª Postigo-Mijarra1, Rafael MorenoDomínguez2, Ignacio Fierro3,4, Yul
Altolaguirre5, Manuel Casas-Gallego6,
Eduardo Barrón7
1 Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Biology, Madrid, Spain. 2 Universidad de Zaragoza,
Zaragoza, Spain. 3 Fundación Cidaris, Elche, Spain.
4 GeaLand Patrimonio, Alicante, Spain. 5 Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 6 Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 7 Instituto Geológico y Minero de España,
Madrid, Spain.
The palaeontological site of Puerto de La Cadena
is located on the northern edge of the Carrascoy
mountain range (Murcia Region, SE Spain). It is best
known for the abundance and diversity of small andlarge vertebrates, making it an international reference site for Early Pliocene faunas. A large number ofplant macrofossils, mainly cuticle-free impressions
in varying degrees of preservation, were also recovered from the so-called level VLP3B during the fieldworks at the site between 2010 and 2011. The recent
analysis of these plant remains has allowed us todescribe the palaeoflora and also to infer other aspects related to the palaeoenvironment of the site.
Most of the remains found correspond to hygrophilous and/or mesohygrophilous taxa, with genera
such as Alnus, Populus, Salix, Ulmus, Daphnogene,
Quercus or Acer being represented. The applicationof CLAMP analysis to the set of plant macroremains
allows us to infer a mean annual temperature ofaround 12 ºC for the site as a whole, with clear seasonality for temperature and precipitation. From ageological point of view, the set of facies occurringin the outcrop and the characteristics of the restof the overlying and underlying subunits suggest aformation process that could be related to hyperpycnal flows. In this process, the plant remains, originally deposited in the continental environment, aretransported during a period of flooding of the fluvial
system and subsequently deposited in the marine
aquatic environment. The complete lack in the Iberian Peninsula of site studies with palaeobotanicaland climatic information regarding the age of thisdeposit gives it a special relevance. It is also one of
the few fossil records with macroflora for the entire
Pliocene of the Iberian Peninsula.

1 Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Biology, Madrid, Spain. 2 Complutense University of
Madrid, Faculty of Geology, Madrid, Spain. 3 Museo
Geominero, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España– CN IGME-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. *jpostigo@ucm.es
Within the broad framework of palaeobotanicaland palaeoecological studies of Mesozoic palaeofloras, the study of fossil woods is a field of research with few general studies, especially whencompared with other types of research such aspollen analysis. The low level of movement thatwoods undergo in the sedimentary basins where
they are produced allows us to obtain reliabledata on the characteristics of the flora at a local
scale. In addition, they sometimes allow relatively
precise taxonomic ranges to be established at a
generic and/or specific level, making them a typeof remains of clear scientific interest. In the Iberian Peninsula, as in other parts of the world, studies focusing on wood macroremains are scarce.
The Jurassic fossil record is particularly scarce.
Two studies stand out, one in the north of thepeninsula (Ribadesella, province of Asturias) andanother in the west of the peninsula (Guimarota,
Portugal). On the other hand, the group of studies
on Cretaceous wood is more numerous, although
there are less than ten sites. Most of them are of
Early Cretaceous age, mainly located in the Iberian system and its foothills, with occasional occurrences in Portugal, around Lisbon and Aveiro.
Some of the genera of fossil wood mentioned are
Agathoxylon, Protocupressinoxylon, Prototaxodioxylon or Protopodocarpoxylon. The work on fossil
wood macrofossils, carried out within the framework of the Cretaceous Resin Interval (CREI) research project, allows us to increase our knowledge of this type of palaeoflora in areas far fromprevious sites, such as the Duero depression, thus
completing the taxonomic and ecological spectrum already known from previous studies.

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P.1214 From historicalroots to a digital future conserve, digitize and link
the herbarium BHUPM at
the Museum für Naturkunde
Berlinthe herbarium collection as well as the process ofdigitising and opening it up.

P.1215 Diversity of conifers
and their pollen in the Late
Triassic of Southern Poland.
Alicja Warzecha1,2, Grzegorz Pacyna2

Sabine von Mering , Nora Lentge-Maaß ,Frederik Berger1, Ludwig Luthardt1
1

1

1 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.
The Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN) houses a little known historical herbarium collection(herbarium code BHUPM) that comprises about
45.000 specimens and serves as a reference collection for palaeobotanical research. Apart fromthe herbarium specimens, BHUPM holds a seed
and micropreparation collection. The general
herbarium originates from a collection gatheredby head librarian and botanist (Johann Eduard) Julius Schrader (1808-1898) who worked at
the Royal Prussian library, today the Berlin State
Library. Even though the herbarium is small, it
comprises the majority of vascular plant clades
on family level, collected from localities all over
the world, with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere flora. Around 5 % of the specimens in thecollection are supposed to represent type material, mostly isotypes. As part of the museum’s
so-called future plan, digitisation of the complete
herbarium collection is currently ongoing. Following a curatorial process including restoration
and relabelling, all specimens are currently imaged and prepared for online publication in thenear future. At the same time the object metadata are transformed and prepared for the import
into the collection management system Specify. To increase the accessibility and usability of
the collection, all specimens are receiving stable
identifiers. The open knowledge base Wikidata isused to connect to relevant entities such as thecollectors, the herbarium itself and the archive of
the MfN. Once the digitisation process has been
completed, all scans of the specimens will be
published together with the metadata on the MfNData Portal and shared with other platforms andaggregators such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The poster presents bothinformation on the history and the contents of

1 Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences,
Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. 2 Instituteof Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Southern Poland is rich in Upper Triassic localities
where significant amounts of plant and animal
fossils are found. At locations such as Poręba, Patoka and Siewierz, material containing pollen andspores can be obtained; those locations are of
Norian age and belong to one local palynological zone. The Late Triassic is an especially interesting epoch for research on the evolution anddiversity of conifers. Its vast taxonomic diversity
includes numerous extinct Voltziales and early members of modern conifer families. Due toclimatic changes occurring throughout the Late
Triassic, starting from humid climate during theCarnian Pluvial Event and gradually becoming
drier during the Norian, conifers were forced toadapt to changing conditions, resulting in a variety of forms observable in their macrofossils andin their abundant, diverse pollen, which includes
many bisaccate (e.g. Tradispores, Brachysaccus),monosaccate (Enzonalasporites) and asaccate
forms. We analysed the diversity of Norian conifer pollen from several southern Poland outcrops
yielding many palynological samples. Previously,pollen of conifers from that area has been studied
mostly from borehole material, containing fewer
specimens and exhibiting lower species diversity.
Borehole material limits the ability to study natural intraspecific variation, which can lead to excessive splitting of pollen species. Here we present the intraspecific variation found in our studyof pollen preserved in situ in pollen sacs of malecones from Patoka and Poręba. Acknowledgments: The study was financed by funds from the
National Science Centre, Poland (No 2021/43/B/
ST10/00941).

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S.131. POALES: FROM ADDRESSING GLOBALSCALE QUESTIONS TO UNRAVELING THE
EVOLUTIONARY SECRETS OF NEGLECTEDFAMILIES
P.1216 Look for rarity
in herbs: A case studyof the neotropicalgenus Actinocephalus(Eriocaulaceae)

considering taxonomy in ecological analysis. In this
scenario, we propose a new species of Actinocephalus, exploring its morphological relationship with two
commonly studied species. These results not only advance our understanding regarding Actinocephalus
diversity and distribution, but also highlights the importance of using taxonomically curated data in ecological analyses.

Roberto Baptista Pereira Almeida1, Paulo
Takeo Sano1
1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Why are some species rare, and why are others common? These questions have been pondered throughout the history of science. Notably, Rabinowitz’s sevenforms of rarity represent the most comprehensive andwidely used method to assess species rarity in ecological and systematic studies. Evaluating geographic
distribution, local abundance, and habitat specificity enables insights into the ecological niche, evolution, and diversification of common species. In turn,this allows us to hypothesize about morphologically
key innovations for those species and identify criticalspecies for conservation. However, while extensive research has been conducted on trees, comparatively
less attention has been given to herbs and shrubs. To
address this gap, we propose investigating the patterns of rarity in the neotropical genus Actinocephalus(Eriocaulaceae) with a center of diversity in campo
rupestre in Brazil, a unique ecosystem on the eastern mountaintops of South America. This ecosystem
is characterized by shrublands in the northern portionand grasslands in its meridional portion, where Actinocephalus are predominantly found. Moreover, thisecosystem occupied less than 1% of Brazilian territory
but has 15% of all Brazilian angiosperms and ca. 1750
endemic species. We compiled a database of the 54
genus species and used Rabinowitz’s seven forms ofrarity to classify all species and assess their conservation status. These species are mostly confined tosmall areas along the eastern mountaintop and facepressures derived from human activities, like fire andmining. Our data also emphasizes the importance ofP.1217 Systematics ofJuncaceae, phylogenetic
relationships inferred fromhyb-seq data
Reed J. Kenny1, Lenka Záveská Drábková2,
Daniel Potter1
1 University of California Davis, Davis, USA. 2 Botanica Nova, Mnichovice near Prague, Czech Republic.
This project is focused on resolving the subgeneric clades within the genusJuncusas well as the correct placement of genera in the Juncaceae. We used
targeted sequence capture methods to amplify andsequence hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci from
81 taxa across Juncaceae, focusing on Juncus. We recovered a mean of 196 nuclear loci, as well as a meanof 44 chloroplast coding sequences across all taxa.
We used iqtree and ASTRAL III to generate gene trees
and species tree respectively, as well as a concatenated chlorplast tree. Previous studies have shown
Juncus to be paraphyletic (Drabkova et al. 2006, Roalson, 2005). Brožová et al. (2022), recently proposed a
new classification to resolve the paraphyletic nature of
the genus Juncus, naming six new genera. Our study
confirms the paraphyly of Juncus as currently circumscribed, and generallyconfirms the monophyly of the
proposed new genera. Notable exceptions include thepolyphyly of Juncinella, Australojunucs and Boreojuncus, caused byone or two taxa each. We believe thisreflects a need for more robust morphological studyof the clades within Juncus s.l., in order to define robust synapomorphies for the newly proposed gen-622

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era, as well as continued sampling across the family.
References: Roalson, E. H. Phylogenetic Relationships in
the Juncaceae Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal DNA
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence Data. International Journal of Plant Sciences 166, 397–413 (2005);
Drabkova, L., Kirschner, J. & Vlcek, C. Phylogenetic relationships within Luzula DC. and Juncus L. (Juncaceae):
A comparison of phylogenetic signals of trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, trnL intron and rbcL plastome sequence
data. Cladistics 22, 132–143 (2006); Brožová, V., Proćków,J. & Záveská Drábková, L. Toward finally unraveling thephylogenetic relationships of Juncaceae with respect
to another cyperid family, Cyperaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 177, 107588 (2022).

demonstrated that stomatal size and density covary
with genome size, positively and negatively, respectively, with genome size explaining 72–75% of the variation in stomatal size. Larger-genomed species had
lower gwmax and C:N ratios, particularly in culms. We
interpret differences in vegetative physiology between
the genera to evidence more conservative strategies
in CFR Schoenus compared to the more acquisitive
Tetraria. As Schoenus exhibit smaller, reduced leaves,they likely rely more on culm photosynthesis than
Tetraria. Across the CFR Schoeneae, ecophysiology
correlates with genome size, but confounding sourcesof trait variation limit inferences about causal relationships between traits.

P.1219 Genome size variationin Cape schoenoid sedges(Cyperaceae: Schoeneae)
and its ecophysiologicalconsequences

P.1218 The evolution of
holocentricity in Luzula
sylvatica (Huds.) Gaudin(Juncaceae Juss.)

Yennifer Mata-Sucre1,2,3, Marie Kratka4,5, Ludmila Oliveira6, Pavel Neumann6, Jiri Macas6, Veit Schubert7,
Andreas Houben7, Andrea Pedrosa-Harand2, Gustavo Souza2, André Marques11 Max Planck Institutefor Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany. 2
Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 3
Genetics, Reproduction and Development Institute,
Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand,
France. 4 Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. 5 Masaryk
University, Brno, Czech Republic. 6 Institute of Plant
Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. 7 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop
Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.

Ruan van Mazijk1,2, Adam G. West1, G.
Anthony Verboom1, Tammy L. Elliott1,3Petr
Bureš3, A. Muthama Muasya1
1 Department of Biological Sciences, University ofCape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 2 C4 EcoSolutions, Cape Town, South Africa. 3 Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
Increases in genome size in plants—often associated with larger, low-density stomata and greater water-use efficiency (WUE)—could affect aspects of plant
ecophysiological and hydraulic function. Variation inplant genome size is often due to polyploidy, known
to have occurred repeatedly in the austral sedge
genus Schoenus in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR),
while the other major schoenoid genus in the region,
Tetraria, exhibits smaller genomes. Comparing thesegenera is useful as they co-occur at the landscapelevel, under broadly similar bioclimatic conditions. We
hypothesise CFR Schoenus to exhibit greater WUE, asa function of lower maximum stomatal conductance(gwmax) imposed by larger, less dense stomata. We
investigate relationships between genome size andstomatal parameters in a phylogenetic context, reconstructing a phylogeny of CFR-occurring Schoeneae. Species’ stomatal and functional traits were measured from field-collected and herbarium specimens.
Carbon stable isotopes were used as an index of WUE.
Genome size was derived from flow-cytometric measurements of leafy shoots. Evolutionary regressions

Centromeres are highly specialized chromosome
regions that ensure genome stability during cell divisions. Concerning their organization, centromeres
may be restricted to one region of the chromosome(monocentromeres) or they may assemble at multiple sites throughout the chromosome (holocentromeres). While most plants possess monocentricchromosomes, Juncaceae Juss. species exhibit either
monocentric (Juncus L.) or holocentric (Luzula DC.)chromosomes, offering the opportunity to investigate
the evolutionary transition to holocentricity. To elucidate the evolution and organization of Luzula sylvatica(Huds.) Gaudin holocentromeres, we performed genome assembly, repetitive DNA analyses, epigenetic
profiling, and comparative genomics analysis with themonocentric Juncus sister species. Our findings revealed an irregular distribution of genes, centromeric units, and repetitive elements along the L. sylvatica
chromosomes. The DNA satellite repeats called Lusy1
and Lusy2 (monomeric lengths of 124 bp and 174 bp

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long, respectively) associate with CENH3-containing
nucleosomes, whereas other satellite repeats do notinteract with centromeric chromatin. Comparative
genomic analysis between the genomes of L. sylvatica and Juncus effusus revealed that for a chromosome number reduction in Luzula, likely multiple fusion
events involving Juncus-like ancestral chromosomes
occurred. We propose that the transition to holocentricity in Luzula includes (i) fusion of small chromosomes with extended and atypical monocentromeres,similar to those observed in J. effusus; (ii) spreadingout of centromeric units toward holocentricity; and (iii)
subsequentcolonization of satellite DNA for the stabilization of centromeric regions.

P.1220 NeotropicalEriocaulaceae: advances inpast decades and insights
for the future
Caroline Oliveira Andrino1, Fabiane
Nepomuceno Costa2, Paulo Takeo Sano3
1 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de
Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales
do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil. 3
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Eriocaulaceae in Neotropics exhibit remarkable diversity, constituting around 70% of their richness, making them a focal point for botanical research. Recent
decades witnessed significant advancements in understanding their taxonomy, evolution, reproductive
biology, and ecology. Here, we present an overview
of Eriocaulaceae in the Americas, highlighting recent
progress and future exploration prospects. Intensive
floristic investigations in ecosystems of South America
from the 1980s onwards revealed high richness and anotable degree of endemism. Since then, numerous
new species have been described. Many morphological studies have shown cohesion among geographically isolated groups, and with the advent of molecular
data, phylogenetic hypotheses regarding the family’s
evolution have become consolidated. As these data
were tested, the need for taxonomic realignment toreflect lineage evolution and adhere to phylogenetic
systematics became apparent. Paepalanthus Mart.,
previously challenging, was recognized as a non-natural group and recircumscribed, with the monophyletic lineages comprising the genus being split into new
genera. The family underwent classifications contain-

ing 2 genera in the 19th century, passing through 12, 10
genera in recent years, and now comprises 18 genera,
all monophyletic: Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano, Comanthera L.B.Sm., Coracoralina Andrino & Sano, Cryptanthella (Suess.) Andrino, Eriocaulon L., Floralia Andrino& F.N.Costa, Giuliettia Andrino & Sano, Gnomus Andrino & Sano, Hydriade Andrino, Lachnocaulon Kunth,
Leiothrix Ruhland, Mesanthemum Körn., Monosperma(Hensold) Andrino, Nisius Andrino, Paepalanthus Mart.,
Rondonanthus Herzog, Syngonanthus Ruhland, andTonina Aubl. Major taxonomic changes were facilitated by expanding our focus to include morphological,
reproductive, ecological, and biogeographic aspects.
This shift led to a greater emphasis on inflorescencestructure and seed morphology. In reproductive biology, insect pollination has supplanted wind pollination
hypotheses. Regarding biogeography, Eriocaulaceae
emerge as a promising group for elucidating Neotropical open area dynamics, particularly due to theirassociation with areas referred to as “cradles” and“museums” of lineages.

P.1221 Disentangling theJuncus bufonius L. complex
Billy Williams Marland1, Raúl Sánchez
Garcia2, Andy J. Green2, Jennifer
Rowntree3, Karin Tremetsberger 4, Casper
van Leeuwen5, M. Ángeles Ortiz1
1 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 2 Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Seville, Spain. 3 University of
Plymouth, Plymouth, UK. 4 Universität für Bodenkultur
Wien, Vienna, Austria. 5 Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.
The systematics of the toad rush Juncus bufonius L.
polyploid species complex of section Tenageia hasremained unclear for decades. Toad rushes have ahighly variable morphology with overlapping characteristics, apparent hybridisation, and seemingly holocentric chromosomes. Thus, classification and identification of specimens is hard and controversial. Toadrushes are often considered weeds and are widespread in wet or temporarily inundated soils (often saline), with a variety of dispersal mechanisms including
endozoochory by waterbirds. Most previous studiesof the complex have centred on Central and Western European specimens, and few on Mediterranean
ones. However, the Mediterranean region is a hotspot
for the complex, especially the Iberian Peninsula where
almost all its members can be found. The objective of
the present study was to ascertain whether the different taxa of the J. bufonius complex can be segregated624

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based on morphological and genetic information. For
this purpose, qualitative and quantitative characteristics were measured from specimens from Andalusia(Spain) and other parts of Europe including the United
Kingdom and the Netherlands. Specifically, characteristics of the habitat, such as the pH and the salinity ofthe soil, in addition the height, colour, length and widthof the inner and outer tepals, and capsules, from thespecimens were measured. The ploidy level was also
obtained as well as the sequences of two plastid and
one nuclear markers from individuals of the different
collected populations.

S.133. POLYPLOIDY AND HOMOPLOIDHYBRIDIZATION AS EVOLUTIONARY DRIVERS IN
MEDITERRANEAN PLANTS
P.1222 Biosystematics of
wlid wheat (Aegilops) from
Algeria
Nourdine Baik1,2, Houda Bandou2, Miriam
Gonzalez Garcia3, Elena Benavente4, Juan
Manuel Vega3
1 University of Akli Mohand, Bouira, Algeria. 2 Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari
Boumediene, Alger, Algérie. 3 Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. 4 Escuela Técnica Superiorde Ingenieros Agronomos, Universidad Politécnica,
Madrid, Spain.
The genus Aegilops L, belonging to family Poaceae,
represent the main genetic reserve for the improvement of cultivated wheat. In this work, morphologicaland genetic study of 53 populations of four Aegilops
species (A. geniculata, A. triuncialis, A. ventricosa andA. neglecta) sampled in different eco-geographicalsite in the north of Algeria was carried. The multivariate
analysis allowed the separation of the vegetative andinflorescence characters in two groups and the individuals are grouped into two mainly clusters. Chromosome counting showed that the three species, A. geniculata, A. triuncialis and A. ventricosa were tetraploid(2n = 4x = 28), whereas A. neglecta is hexaploid (2n= 6x = 42). Karyo-morphometric analysis of somatic
metaphase chromosomes revealed four cytotypes
in A. geniculata and two cytotypes in A. triuncialis, A.
ventricosa and A. neglecta. Chromosomes pairings indiakinesis, metaphase I and anaphase I, revealed aless regular meiosis of tetraploid and hexaploid samples, with univalent, chromosomes lagging and chromatin bridges anomalies. However, the in situ hybridization “FISH” showed a large genetic polymorphism of
the sequences of two rDNA loci (5S and 45S) correlated to bioclimatic conditions, reflected by a variationin the hybridization patterns which differentiate populations by deletion and/or duplication of some loci.
This analysis allowed us to identify the new loci of ribosomal RNAs genes in each of the four Aegilops species
sampled in northern Algeria. Finally, the results show
the high genetic diversity of Aegilops populations from
Algeria, suggesting that environmental factors andgeographical location might have an effect on thegenetic structure and evolution of chromosomes andinterest for the cytogenetic in the identification andcharacterization of populations, to assess and enhance plant genetic resources.

P.1223 Interspecifichybridization andpolyploidy: major factors
in the diversification ofJuniperus
Perla Farhat 1,2,3, Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev
2, Thierry Robert 2,5, Magda Bou Dagher
Kharrat 1,5*
1 Laboratoire Biodiversité et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph,Campus Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos,
Mkalles, Beirut, Lebanon. 2 Ecologie Systématique
Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech,
Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
3 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biologyof Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff,
Roscoff, France. 4 Biology Department, Sorbonne
Université, Jussieu, Paris, France. 5 European Forest
Institute, Mediterranean, Sant Pau Art Nouveau Site,
Barcelona, Spain.
Polyploidy has long been recognized as a significant
driver in the evolution of Angiosperms. Although the625

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study of this phenomenon is limited in Gymnosperms,
recent research has revealed that Juniperus is the
only genus within this group that exhibits a high frequency of polyploidy. Here we aimed to assess the potential origin of five polyploid Juniperus taxa, including
the only hexaploid taxon (J. foetidissima), using AFLP
markers. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate gene flow
between two Juniperus taxa that were suggested to
be involved in the origin of the tetraploid J. sabina var.
balkanensis. We utilized four chloroplasts and nrDNA
markers, along with flow cytometry measurementsfor ploidy level determination on samples from three
populations in France and Spain where these two taxa
are present in sympatry. Bayesian analysis of admixture based on AFLP data suggested an allopolyploidorigin for the hexaploid species J. foetidissima, involving J. thurifera and J. sabina lineages. The tetraploid
cytotypes of J. seravschanica were shown to originate
from an allopolyploidy event, while no clear evidenceof hybridization in the origin of the tetraploid J. thurifera and J. chinensis was detected. Furthermore, flow
cytometry measurements on samples from the threestudied populations in France and Spain revealed thepresence of three ploidy levels: diploid for J. sabina
samples, tetraploid for J. thurifera, and a rare triploidlevel found in few individuals. Based on chloroplast andnuclear markers, the triploid individuals were identified
as hybrids resulting from a cross between the diploid
J. sabina and the tetraploid J. thurifera. These findings
contribute to our understanding of the polyploidy origin of Juniperus taxa and highlight the potential role ofallopolyploidy in the evolution of this coniferous genus.

P.1224 Unravelling thereticulate evolutionary
history of the Iberian
endemic genus
Phalacrocarpum(Anthemideae, Asteraceae)
David Criado-Ruiz1,2, Irene Villa-Machío1,
Jaume Pellicer Moscardó3, Oriane Hidalgo3,
Rosalía Piñeiro Portela4, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner1
1 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2 Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,
Madrid, Spain. 3 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 4 Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.

evolutionary history of plant groups that contain reticulations. However, because it is restricted to mountains
in the northwestern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, it
provides a suitable spatial framework for inferring past
range shifts and forced secondary contacts between
populations along these chains. Current recognition of
one species (P. oppositifolium) with three subspecies(oppositifolium, anomalum, hoffmannseggii) resultsfrom early reports of hybridization in contact areas. A
recent study revealed unexpected results. The easternmost subsp. anomalum populations are so geneticallydistinct that they can be considered a cryptic subspecies; morphological and Sanger sequencing data suggested a contact zone between two subspecies in the
Sanabria Valley and showed that populations from alarge area in southern Galicia and northern Portugal do
not match any of the three subspecies. We performed
an integrative study based on 37 populations (263 samples) to investigate these findings. This includes phylogenomics —based on SNPs from genotyping-by-sequencing and full plastome sequences—, Bayesian
genetic clustering, introgression tests, genome size estimation, environmental niche modeling, and geometric morphometrics. The phylogenetic frame obtainedshows two monophyletic groups —the early diverging eastern cryptic subspecies and the oppositifolium
populations of central Portugal— connected by a large
grade that runs from NW to SE, roughly in line with anincrease in genome size. Populations along this grade
tend to constitute recognizable genetic groups, but not
to group into monophyletic assemblages. This picture
is consistent with a dynamic history of partial isolationand hybridization. Such a dynamism has also affected (1) the contact zone in the Sanabria Valley, which is
better interpreted as a vestigial hybrid zone, and (2) the
Galician and northern Portuguese populations, which
resulted from ancient hybridization between subsp.
hoffmannseggii and a sub-atlantic geneticgroup.

P.1225 When, where andhow an allopolyploid
species was born: the caseof Gypsophila bermejoi G.
López

Phalacrocarpum (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) illustrates
the difficulties of achieving a fine reconstruction of the626

Miguel de Luis1, Carmen Bartolomé1, JulioÁlvarez-Jiménez1
1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá deHenares, Spain.

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Gypsophila bermejoi G. López is an allopolyploid (2n= 68) species derived from the parental G. struthium L. subsp. struthium (2n =34) and G. tomentosa
L. (2n =34). All these plants are gypsophytes endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. We have used ordination techniques to model their niches and potential distributions in the current climate, the Last
Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Middle Holocene.
The niche of G. bermejoi is markedly smaller thanthat of its parental species. Models indicate that environmental conditions during the LGM did not allow
the presence of this plant in the Iberian Peninsula.
In that period the distribution areas of its parental
species overlapped and could theoretically produce individuals of the hybrid species, but climaticconditions prevent the hybrid species from thriving.
Therefore, we consider that the populations of G.
beremejoi have a recent origin, after the end of theLGM. There is data pointing to an increase in the rateof unreduced gamete formation by plants underconditions of stress. Accordingly, a higher frequencyof polyploid individuals would be expected in populations living under extreme environments. We haveused Species Distribution Models and GIS to locate
areas with low bioclimatic suitability for both parental taxa during the LGM, hypothesizing that the rateof tetraploid hybrid formation would be higher than
expected where low suitability areas of both parental species overlap. That locations could be centers
for hybrid tetraploid formation or potential cradles ofthis species. Indeed, potential Mid-Holocene cradles
were also identified in this manner. The evolution of
bioclimatic suitability in both LGM and Mid-Holocene
cradles was studied to assess the possible survivalof the hybrids, and the current distribution of G. bermejoi proved to be consistent with our hypothesis.

P.1226 Exploring thechromosomal diversity of
Crocus chrysanthus Herb. in
Turkeyfound in Turkey and Balkans. The Crocus chrysanthus
Herb. complex grows primarily across southwest Anatolia and Turkey-in-Europe, and its cultivars and hybrids are also prized as ornamental plants. Althoughseveral C. chrysanthus populations distributed in Turkey have been published as distinct species, they areusually considered doubtful at best due to insufficient
specimens or gaps in comparative analyses, andmost have been synonymized or transferred to subspecific status. Considering the wide distribution andfluctuating reports on its chromosome number (2n=822), further exploration is necessary to find the natural
boundaries of the taxa nestled within, and to determine ploidy levels across this complex. Chromosome
number and morphology are considered reliablecharacters for distinguishing closely related taxa andhave been especially useful for the genus Crocus. This
complex has long been in need of detailed and geographically widespread cytogenetic studies, which willaid in the delimitation of what is most probably several
closely related species. The current work, which aims
to fill this gap through comprehensive cytogenetic
studies across the known distribution of the complex inTurkey, is one part of an ongoing multidisciplinary scientific project (TÜBITAK 222Z016) which plans to resolve
the relationships within the C. chrysanthus complex
in Turkey. This study uses fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and flow cytometry in order to reliably
determine and compare chromosomal morphology
and genome size. Results indicate significant differences between karyotypes and genome sizes among
the observed C. chrysanthus populations.

P.1227 Role of the
reproductive strategies andgene flow in the evolutionof endemics in the oroMediterranean region

Bilge S. Kaleli1, Almıla Çiftçi1, Rachel
Mollman1, Levent Şık2, Osman Erol1
1 Istanbul University, Department of Biology, Botany
Division, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey. 2 Manisa Celal
Bayar University, Biology Department, Botany Division, Manisa, Turkey.
Crocus L. (Iridaceae) is a geophyte genus with a wide
distribution across Europe, Asia and North Africa; however, the greatest diversity and number of taxa are

627

Adam Kantor1, Jaromír Kučera1, Zuzana
Gajdošová1, Roswitha Schmickl2,3, Andrea
Melichárková1, Ali A. Dönmez4, Sırrı
Yüzbaşıoğlu5, Zübeyde U. Aydın4, Marek
Slovák1,2
1 Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava,
Slovakia. 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia. 3 Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences,Průhonice, Czechia. 4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Tur-XX International
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key. 5 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
The evolution of mountain endemics has been thesubject gaining considerable attention within abroader context. This project aims to bring novel insights into the mechanisms behind diversification andadaptation of these key components of biodiversity
in the oro-Mediterranean belts, which are renowned
for being part of the global biodiversity hotspots andhosting centers of endemism. Our studies focus on
the endemic representatives of this region from thegenera Daphne (Thymelaeaceae) confined to rocky
slopes, and Picris (Asteraceae) inhabiting craggy
grasslands. We use phylogenomic-based methods(Hyb-Seq, RADseq) combined with other cytogenetic,
karyological and morphological analyses to investigate the significance of selected intrinsic and extrinsic traits in evolutionary history of the target groups.
We are interested about the role of peculiar environmental conditions that they live in, as well as specific reproductive strategies of the individual genera or
particular lineages within them (chasmogamy / cleistogamy; seed dispersal mediated by zoochory/anemochory; sexual / asexual reproduction). We want toelucidate how have these factors shaped the extant
genetic diversity of the focused groups, and if andhow they might facilitate or hamper gene flow among
the closely related species or lineages. Answering thestated questions will result in better general understanding of the evolution of endemics inhabiting challenging habitats in mountains of the temperate zone,
which will be beneficial also for the management ofconservational efforts.

P.1228 Enhanced clonality
explains the spatial genetic
structure of polyploids
in the largest diploidautopolyploid primarycontact zone

successfully in nature. As a consequence of whole-genome multiplication (WGM), neoautopolyploids sufferfrom reduced fitness due to disrupted meiosis and thenegative effect of majority-minority cytotype interaction. However, this negative effect of WGM can potentially be counterbalanced by the emergence of a newtrait that enhances the reproduction of neo-autopolyploid and/or reduces the negative effects of interploidy crosses, thereby increasing its successful establishment. Our previous studies showed that Pilosella
rhodopea (Asteraceae), an oro-Mediterranean species, forms the largest diploid-autopolyploid primarycontact zone ever recorded in angiosperms. Furthermore, our experiments revealed a strong trade-off
between generative and vegetative reproduction in
autopolyploids expressing a novel clonal trait – root
sprouts. Increased vegetative clonal growth in autopolyploids appears to be a key mechanism for theirsuccessful establishment over large spatial scales. We
hypothesize that the shift towards more intense clonality in autopolyploids should also be reflected in theirclonal structure over small spatial scale. Here, we investigate the effect of contrasting vegetative growth
between diploids and autopolyploids on their spatial
structure using acombination of microsatellite genotyping in natural populations and acommon garden
experiment. Our results confirmed our hypothesis: (i)diploid plants in natural populations are represented
by unique multilocus genotypes and propagate via
axillary rosettes at short distances in cultivation (up to
several centimetres over season); (ii) in contrast, autopolyploids show a clonal pattern of genetic diversity, with some large clones (up to several metres) in
the field and very rapid propagation via root sprouts
observed in experimental cultivation (several tens ofcentimetres). Enhanced clonality of autopolyploids
thus influences cytotype and genetic patterns at bothglobal and local spatial scale.

P.1229 Deciphering theallopolyploid origin ofDactylorhiza cantabrica: a
Hyb-Seq approach

Barbora Šingliarová1,2, Judita ZozomováLihová1, Marek Šlenker1, Patrik Mráz2
1 Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. 2 Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague,
Czechia.
Given the ubiquity of polyploidy in plants, it is paradoxical that we do not know which evolutionary mechanisms allow newly formed autopolyploids to establish

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Eva Pardo Otero1, Manuel Pimentel
Pereira2, Elvira Sahuquillo Balbuena2,
Rosalía Piñeiro Portela3
1 Evolutionary Biology Research Group, Center of Information and Communication Technologies, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. 2 Evolutionary
Biology Research Group, University of A Coruña,

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A Coruña, Spain. 3 Evolutionary Biology ResearchGroup, Interdisciplinary Centre of Chemistry andBiology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.

Průhonice, Czech Republic. 4 Department of Botany
and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch,
Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa.

The orchid Dactylorhiza cantabrica H.A. Pedersen isa narrow endemic occurring at western Cantabrian
Mountains in NW Spain. Previous allozyme and morphological studies suggest that it results from the hybridization of two widespread congeners: the triploid
D. insularis and the diploid D. sambucina. However, thishypothesis has not been tested using multiple genetic
markers, necessary to analyse phylogenies in complex
genera such as Dactylorhiza. In this study, the Hyb-Seq
technique is applied together with the universal Angiosperms353 probe kit to sequence multiple plastid
and low-copy nuclear genes. The phylogenetic relationships between the three species, estimated basedon 269 and 266 nuclear genes under concatenationand coalescent-based approaches, respectively, revealed highly-supported clades containing each putative parent, D. insularis and D. sambucina. The position of D. cantabrica was not well resolved, suggesting
the existence of mixed inheritance, where different
genes come from each parent. Phylogenetic networks,
used for visualizing the conflict between nuclear genetrees, placed D. cantabrica between the two parents
and revealed high levels of reticulation. In addition, nuclear genetic variation within and among species was
explored with allele frequencies-based tools further
supporting the intermediate position of D. cantabrica
and the hypothesis of a recent hybrid origin. Finally, 75
plastid genes revealed that either D. insularis was thematernal donor or the existence of ancient introgression. Altogether, our results point to the allopolyploidorigin of D. cantabrica from D. insularis and D. sambucina, as well as to the clear genetic differentiation of
the two parental species.

Carpobrotus (family Aizoaceae), also known as ice
plants, is a genus of succulents comprising from 12 to
25 species mainly native to South Africa, although a few
are autochthonous to America and Oceania. Several
species have become naturalized outside their native
area, forming hybrid complexes in these regions andconstituting one of the most concerning cases of plantinvasions worldwide. Among these hybrids, the Carpobrotus aff. acinaciformis complex stands out, with awidespread presence in the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula as well as in the Mediterranean region,a current hotspot of invasive alien plant species. The
ecological aspects of the genus have been extensively
studied, but there is a lack of genomic and cytogenetic
knowledge. Interestingly, all Carpobrotus species andhybrids share the same chromosome number (2n = 2x
= 18), making up an example of homoploid hybridization. Here we aim to understand the evolutionary history of native and hybrid (invasive and non-invasive)
Carpobrotus populations. To achieve this goal, we used
genomic and cytogenetic tools, including genome size
assessments by flow cytometry, whole genome sequencing and karyotype/chromosome analyses byfluorescent in situ hybridization. We reconstructed thewhole plastome and the repeatome, provided a preliminary phylogenetic framework, analysed the repeat
composition, and in particular, leveraged the information of 5S ribosomal RNA genes diversity to understandthe genomic composition of the studied populations.
Additionally, this work contributes the first pictures of
Carpobrotus chromosomes, including the labelling with
5S and 35S rDNA probes.

P.1230 Unveiling molecularand cytogenetic aspects of
Carpobrotus invasiveness in
the Mediterranian Basin

P.1231 Hybrid seed failurein Arabidopsis arenosa:
molecular mechanisms ofleaky triploid block
Susnata Salony1, Filip Kolář1, 2, Clément
Lafon Placette1

Laura Valenzuela , Joan Pere PascualDíaz1 2, Ana Novoa3, Nokwanda P.
Makunga4, Jordi López-Pujol1, Neus
Nualart1, Daniel Vitales1, Sònia Garcia1
1

1 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. 3
Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,

1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic. 2 Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice,
Czech Republic.
Hybrid seed failure due to polyploidization, such as
whole genome duplication, is a significant post-zygotic reproductive barrier in plants. The imbalance
between maternal and paternal contributions in

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the endosperm (nourishing tissue in the seeds) often leads to triploid inviability, known as the triploid
block, especially in inter-ploidy crosses between
diploids and their tetraploid descendants. This phenomenon is frequently observed in mixed-ploidy
plants. While the mechanistic basis of the triploid
block has been documented in model species, it remains unexplored whether natural ploidy-variable
species share a similar mechanism. To investigate
this, reciprocal crosses were conducted between
diploid and auto-tetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa,
followed by whole genome transcriptome profilingof young hybrid seeds (collected at 14 days after
pollination). Gene ontology analyses revealed distinct pathways associated with reciprocal hybrids.
Specifically, photosynthetic machinery-related processes were downregulated in transgressive paternal-excess hybrids, while defense-like responses
were upregulated in transgressive maternal-excess
hybrids. Notably, the lack of mitochondrial function
associated with photosynthetic machinery could
be linked to embryo arrest in paternal-excess hybrids as opposed to viable maternal-excess hybrids.
These findings provide a foundation for further exploring whether different species share a common
molecular mechanism behind the triploid block.

P.1232 New insights into theevolution and hybridizationof daffodils using
phylogenomic approaches

to the high levels of natural hybridization Narcissus
presents, as well as the extensive artificial selection it has been subject to, given its ornamental
use, and further scape into the wild. The advent ofhigh-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies,
coupled with the development of high-performance computing (HPC) approaches (to process
the resulting wealth of data), have made it possible to address the evolution of complex groups,
such as Narcissus. In here, we (i) implement both
RADseq (with the SbfI restriction enzyme) and HybSeq (with the universal Angiosperms353 probeset) approaches, (ii) reconstruct the phylogeny ofthis genus and address sources of phylogenomic conflict, relying on maximum likelihood basedon concatenated gene sequences and multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods, as well as phylogenetic networks; and (iii) analyse diversification
drivers in this emblematic Mediterranean genus,
focusing on hybridization. Hyb-Seq was used toprocess 192 accessions, while 176 accessions wereanalyzed using RADseq, representing 58 and 56
taxa, respectively. Our bioinformatic workflow reconstructs the phylogenetic history of the genus
with much higher resolution than previous attempts. Additionally, we compared the topologies obtained under either approach (Hyb-Seq vs.
RADseq) and were able to confirm hybridization
events within Narcissus. Our results shed light on
the taxonomy, systematics, and evolution of Narcissus, and will inform further studies on criticalaspects of its reproductive ecology, for which thisgenus is of paramount importance.

Ana Valdés-Florido1, Letícia R. Novaes1,
Lisa Pokorny2, Violeta Simón-Porcar1,
Enrique Maguilla3, Gonzalo Nieto-Feliner2,
Isabel Larridon4, Isabel Marques5, Cristina
Andrés Camacho1, Zoila Díaz-Lifante1,
Juan Arroyo1, Marcial Escudero1
1 University of Seville, Seville, Spain. 2 Real Jardín
Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 3 Pablo de Olavide
University, Seville, Spain. 4 Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, Richmond, UK. 5 University of Lisbon, Lisbon,
Portugal.
Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae), a bulbous Mediterranean genus with ~80 species, has its centreof diversity in the Iberian Peninsula and NW Africa. In spite of abundant studies relying on morphology, karyology and Sanger sequencing approaches, the taxonomy of this morphologicallyvariable genus remains unsettled. This is likely due

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S.134. PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF
TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN
THE ERA OF OPEN SCIENCE: BENEFITS AND
CHALLENGES
P.1233 Communitarianexperiences of biodiversity
conservation in the
Lacandon and Guatemalan
Jungles. Diverse Historyof Salicaceae Sex
Chromosomesthat most of the sex chromosomes of these species
originated recently, and there were significant differences in the sequence composition and gene content
of their sex determining regions. The diversification history and possible driving forces of sex chromosome
turnovers in Salicaceae were further analyzed throughcomparisons between species. Our studies improved
the evolutionary trajectory of sex chromosomes in Salicaceae species, explore the evolutionary forces driving the repeated turnovers of their sex chromosomes,
and provide a valuable reference for the study of sex
chromosomes in other species.

Deyan Wang1, Yiling Li1, Jiale Zhao1,Wenlu
Yang1,Mengmeng Li1,Lei Zhang1,Ran Zhou2,
Brian J Sanderson3, Ken Keefover-Ring4,
Tongming Yin5, Lawrence B Smart6,
Stephen P DiFazio2, Jianquan Liu1,
Matthew Olson3, Tao Ma1
1 Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation andResearch Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China. 2 Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA. 3
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA. 4 Departments of Botany andGeography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA. 5 The Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics
and Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province and Education Department of China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China. 6 Horticulture Section, School ofIntegrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell
AgriTech, Geneva, USA.
Salicaceae species have extremely diverse sex determination systems and frequent sex chromosome
turnovers, providing an ideal model for studying theorigin and evolution of plant sex chromosomes. Overthe past few years, we have studied the sex determining systems and sex determining regions of multiple
species using the phylogenetic relationships of Salicaceae as a framework. By accurately assembling
the sex determining regions of these species, we conducted a comparative analysis of their sequence
composition, gene content, and expression differences between males and females. The results showed

P.1234 Taxonomic analysisof the useful native floraof Mexico through the
BADEPLAM ethnobotanicaldatabase
Luis A. Bernal-Ramírez1, Diana G. FloresCamargo2, Andrea Martínez-Ballesté2
1 CONAHCyT - Jardín Etnobotánico y Museo de Medicina Tradicional Centro INAH Morelos, Mexico. 2
Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México,
Mexico.
There is a close relationship between biologicaland cultural diversity in Mexico, which allows an
ideal setting for the study of biocultural processes. The ethnobotanical database Base de Datos
Etnobotánicos de Plantas Mexicanas (BADEPLAM)of the Botanical Garden at the Institute of Biology, UNAM, systematizes biocultural information inthis country for more than 40 years. The analysisof their data allows us to understand the taxonomic trends in the use of biodiversity with original distribution. We validate the quality of theinformation by verifying the accepted taxonomic
names. Synonyms and misspelled names werecorrected. The distribution attributes of the species and the IUCN risk categories were assigned

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through specialized information. BADEPLAM has
6950 species distributed in 1929 genera and 248
families, where 85% are native and only 15% exotic. The useful native flora in Mexico amounts to5936 species, of which 1841 are endemic and 2137
are in some IUCN risk category. The best represented families are Fabaceae, Asteraceae andPoaceae, a pattern that persists in a large part ofthe ethnofloristic lists of the country and throughout America. The native floristic richness used isequivalent to 25% of all Mexican flora, which canbe compared with that of other regions such as
China, where 28% of its flora is used, a fact worthhighlighting if we consider that the Chinese territory is four times larger than the Mexican. We inferthat there are cultural coincidences in both nations, such as the relevance of traditional medicine and the consumption of foods with significant cultural value.

S.135. PRIORITISE, PLAN, ACT AND MONITORPROMOTING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO
THREATENED TREE CONSERVATION
P.1235 Population census
of oak Quercus humboldtii
Bonpl. (Fagaceae) inthe Botanical Garden of
Popayán-Colombia
Luis Gerardo Chilito López1,2,* JuliethAlexandra Chacón Paja2
1 Botanical Garden of Popayán, Popayan, Colombia. 2 Popayán University Foundation, Popayan,
Colombia. *luis.chilito@docente.fup.edu.co – jardinbotanico@fup.edu.co.
The oak forests in Colombia are of great importance due to the ecological dynamics that they
contain, and they also have a series of threatsthat have led them to be endangered. In the department of Cauca there are some oak relics andone of them is located in the Botanical Garden. The
objective was to determine the population census
of Quercus humboldtii Bonpl., in the Botanical Garden of Popayán. During the months of April to July
2022, the total count of individuals was carried out
in different ex situ collections, in situ of the botanical garden and areas surrounding crop covers,
taking as data: circumference at chest height, total height, cover of canopies and analysis of population structure, vertical stratification, and diameter distribution, dispersion pattern, phytosanitary
status, abundance and density using the Acocks
scale. The data were stored in an Excel spreadsheet. A total of 128 individuals registered. The exsitu Arboretum collection recorded 22 individuals(17%), the in situ Renacer microbasin 75 (58.5%),
Corazones microbasin 2 (1.5%), Wettú 16 (12.5%) andareas surrounding crops 13 (10%). The vertical stratification 60% are found in the tree canopy stratum(18-25 m), the diameter distribution was recordedwith 58% in class 2 (56 -110 cm), four stages werestructured (seedlings, juveniles, adults 1 and adults
2), the dispersion pattern was grouped and 95% are
in good phytosanitary condition. In terms of density
and abundance, the Acocks scale presents occasional significance with 11 individuals/hectare. The
distribution shows that the species’ habitat has
suffered alterations due to fragmentation of forest
covers, due to the influence of anthropic factors,
generating low abundance and regenerants, little connectivity between them and changes in the
population structure.

P.1236 The timbre, Acaciellaangustissima (Mill.) Britton& Rose (Fabaceae), is apotential flagship species
for conserving and restoring
Rafael F. del Castillo1, Sonia TrujilloArgueta1
1 CIIDIR Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México.
Conserving and restoring semi-desertic shrublands areurgent due to the increasing land use pressure. These
ecosystems are biodiversity rich, offer important ecosystem services, and are sources of useful species the632

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local people. Promoting flagship species, i.e., “taxonomically distinctive, threatened, and charismatic species
that can serve as icons for conservation efforts” is apromising strategy. Usually, flagship species are animals. Yet, some plant species fulfil the above characteristics. We explore this possibility in the timbre, Acaciellaangustissima. This species is dominant in Mesoamerican scrublands, such as those of Central Valleys of
Oaxaca, Mexico, which have been severely deforested
by land use change and urbanism. Thus, conservation
and restoration actions are urgently needed. We obtained the DNA barcode using rbcla and MATK of thisspecies. Through photographic records and interviews
with local people, we collected the uses of this species
and gathered information about the plants, fungi, andanimals directly associated with this species in Monte
Albán, Oaxaca. The DNA sequences and their metadata were deposited in GenBank and BOLD. BLAST analyses gave 100 % similarity to sequence registers for A. angustissima. At least two vines and two bromeliads use
this species for support. The timbre is associated withat least 35 insect species belonging to Hemiptera (6),Coleoptera (4), Lepidoptera (10), Diptera (4), Hymenoptera (2), and Orthoptera (4), through phytophagy (plantsap, leaves, or nectar), predation, pollination, cleptoparasitism, or support. At least four lichen morphospecies
grow on the timbre cortex. Zopherus nodulosus (coleoptera) camouflages with the lichen Heterodermia
diademata, which lives on the timbre cortex. Timbre isa main source of firewood, and exclusively hosts the tigrillo Umbonia reclinata a rare edible hemiptera. Acaciella angustissima is a valuable flagship species thatprovides shelter, food, or other resources to >40 species,
including humans.

P.1237 Climate modellingas a tool for conservation inhighly threatened regions:a case study for the EuroMediterranean
Giovanni B. Ferreiro-Lera1, Aitor ÁlvarezSantacoloma1, Ángel Penas1, Sara del Río
González1,2
1 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental
Management (Botany), Faculty of Biological andEnvironmental Sciences, University of León, León,
Spain. 2 Mountain Livestock Institute (CSIC-ULE),
León, Spain.

the World Climate Research Program (WCRP; https://
esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6), outperforms its predecessors with improved simulated atmospheric circulation. However, species distribution studies are hardly
in line with these developments. In fact, it is uncommon
to assess the performance of the climatic models prior
to their incorporation into Species Distribution Models(SDMs). Nevertheless, to avoid the “garbage in-garbage out” effect of SDMs, present and projected climatic data must be reliable. In this context, finding which
GCMs are optimal for a specific study area at an appropriate resolution is essential. Furthermore, in regions
highly threatened from both climatic and ecologicalperspectives, such as the European Mediterranean, risk
assessments for species and habitats need to be as
close to reality as possible to adopt early and effective
protection and land management measures. In thisstudy, 25 CMIP6 GCMs have been assessed regarding
their ability to simulate Euro-Mediterranean bioclimate.
Using a bioclimatic approach instead of raw climaticparameters will allow correlating changes in bioclimatic units with potential changes in Mediterranean vegetation. Köppen-Geiger and Rivas-Martínez bioclimatic classifications, as well as the ERA5-Land reference
database, were applied. Skill-Scores (SS) used included chi-square value, Heidke SS, Peirce SS and Gerrity
SS. ACCESS-EMS1-5, BCC-CSM2-MR and IPSL-CM6A-LR
proved to be the most suitable globally. Subsequently,
a consensus Random Forest model was obtained. Thismodel was projected for three scenarios (SSP1-RCP2.6,
SSP2-RCP4.5, and SSP5-RCP8.5) and three future timeframes (short, medium, and long term). Key findings inthis regard include: i) loss of Temperate climates in favor of Arid/Mediterranean; ii) an increase in arid-thermal climates on the south; and iii) an increase in continental climates. With this synthesis we want to highlightthe potential of modern climate simulations as part ofan integrated approach to plant conservation.

P.1238 An integrated
protocol for the noninvasive comprehensive
characterization of the rootsystem together with its
interactors

CMIP6 General Circulation Models (GCMs), the most recent cutting-edge climate open-access models from633

Gabriella Sferra1, Daniele Fantozzi1, Dalila
Trupiano1, Gabriella S. Scippa1
1 University of Molise, Pesche, Italy.

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Plant growth and development rely on the plastic response to abiotic and biotic interactors. In this perspective, the plants are considered as a part of an ecologicalunit which resilience is based on the mutual interaction
among the unit components. A comprehensive analysis of the different units together with relationships
among them would be beneficial to link the different
unit functionalities with the overall performance of theplant, especially in the case of trees. Nowadays, specificdemands about ecosystem services drive afforestation
and reforestation projects in the direction of effective
operational strategy (where and how use specific tree
species) combined with careful tree management/
monitoring and this is taking particular relevance dueto the increasing urbanization process and due to theclimate change scenario characterized by exacerbate
impacting events. In this perspective, the root system
is pivotal in the forest ecosystem functioning and thepossibility to evaluate root health is crucial not only totree stability and management but also to the safetyof forests and environments in both urban and non-urban contexts. Thus, as part of the recovery and resilience plan (PNRR) driven by National Biodiversity Future
Center (NBFC) of which the University of Molise (UNIMOL) is partner, we developed and tested an innovative
non-invasive tool to identify and map the root systemand to analyze its interactions with the biotic and abiotic components. We combined traditional methods
based on the inspection of root morphology and physiology descriptors with bioinformatics-assisted methods which rely on omics data analysis and integration
with imaging-based data and modelling. Collected
data implement a database of root functional traits
that will be exploited by machine learning approaches
to model or to infer growth and developmental trends.

P.1239 Nutritional status
of Pinus sylvestris andQuercus pyrenaica isimproved in heterospecificneighbourhoods
Marina Tallón1, Carmen Ureña1, M. Esther
Pérez-Corona1, Enrique Andivia1
1 Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Tree species admixture is considered as a key management strategy for improving forest ecosystem
functioning under climate change due to nichecomplementarity between species. Mixing species
with different leaf habit can increase carbon andnutrient stocks in forest soils. However, the effect ofadmixture on tree nutritional status has been less
explored. In this study, we compared the foliar nutrient status of Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica
in mixed and monospecific stands in Mediterranean
mountains. Our results showed interspecific differences in foliar nutrient concentration. Pines showed
higher C concentrations while oaks had higher P
concentrations in leaves, which resulted in higher
C:N and N:P in pines. Despite no significant differences were found in the nutritional status of study
species between mixed and monospecific stands,
we found an improvement in the nutritional statusof the trees of both species in mixed stands as the
proportion of basal area of the other species increased in the vicinity. These results show that complementarity between these two species occurs at
the local scale, which has practical implications forthe design of forest management actions aimed atdiversifying monospecific stands.

S.136. RANUNCULALES: FROM MORPHOLOGYTO PHYLOGENOMICS AND EVODEVO
P.1240 Alkaloid evolution in
Ranunculales: a literaturemining approach
Laetitia Carrive*1, Karina GonçalvesGaspar2, Pierre Champy2, Sophie Nadot2

1 Université de Rennes, Rennes, France. 2 Université
Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
Ranunculales are an order of angiosperms comprising ca. 4,500 species including common plants
like buttercups and poppies. This order displays avast diversity of specialized natural products, mainly
alkaloids. For example, species containing isoquin-634

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olines such as opioids and curares, or diterpenoid
alkaloids such as aconitins, have been used respectively as painkillers and narcotics, arrow hunting poisons, and animal managing poisons. Thesemolecules may have played an important role inplant evolution, as they provide defense against
herbivores. Although there is a rich phytochemicaland ethnobotanical literature on specialized natural
products, surprisingly little is known about their evolution. Here we explore this literature using a “literature mining” approach. We compare this strategy
of dataset building to using a well referenced database (Dictionary of Natural Products). Substances
found in Ranunculales are treated as phenotypicalcharacters. Ancestral states are reconstructed on aphylogeny, and the presence of phylogenetic signal is tested. Results strongly vary among classes ofmolecules, from random evolution to well-supported synapomorphies for some clades. We state that
adaptive hypotheses should be discussed in thelight of the phylogenetic pattern of the charactersthey involve. This study also raises questions about
the coding of chemical characters: how categories should be defined and how absence should be
dealt with. The evolution of phytochemical characters opens new prospects for the understanding ofplant natural history.

two types of branching chirality. Although branching
chirality is a hallmark of the genera, how to achieve
the chirality from bAC initiation position throughbAC division rotation remains to be elucidated. Here
we generated a 3D map of cell geometry, topology, and cell lineage of Kurzia makinoana to assess
their roles in the division orientation and chirality. We
found that AC rotational divisions are stably oriented in both the main axis and branches, even if thecell shapes are irregular. In contrast, the merophyte
division orientation follows the own shape asymmetry or sometimes disrupted at branching, probably
related to the irregular shape. These observations
suggest that the division orientation in merophytes
varies depending on the own geometry, while thatin AC is regulated independently of its geometry.
To infer how the AC rotational divisions achieve thebranching chirality, we developed a mathematical model assuming that the age of surrounding
cell walls biases the bAC division orientation. Thesemodel simulations reproduced that the bAC derived
at the anodic and kathodic side inevitably resulted
in homodromy and antidromy, respectively. These
results suggest that geometry-dependent merophyte division initiates the age-dependent AC division rotation to achieve branching chirality thereby
controlling the species diversity.

P.1241 How cell divisionorientations achievebranching chirality inleafy liverwort: 3D tissue
analysis and mathematicalmodeling

P.1242 Evolution of pollen
in the Adesmia clade(Leguminosae, Dalbergieae)
Higor Antonio-Domingues1,2, Ana Paula
Fortuna Perez3, Monica L Rossi4, Rafael
Felipe de Almeida1, Adriana P Martinelli4,
Gwilym P. Lewis1, Cynthia F.P. Luz2

Naoya Kamamoto1, Koichi Fujimoto1,
Masaki Shimamura1

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo, Brazil.
3 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil. 4
Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.

1 Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
The bryophyte apical stem cell (AC) rotates the division plane and arranges its differentiated daughters(merophytes) on the growing axis. When a merophyte divides to initiate a branch apical cell (bAC)
in leafy liverworts, bAC also divides rotationally in a
specific direction to develop shoot branching, depending on the initiation position. A bAC is initiated from the divided half at the forward side of themain axis rotation (anodic) produces the identicalrotational orientation (homodromy), whereas thatat the backward side (kathodic) produces the opposite rotational orientation (antidromy), indicating

Legumes comprise different pollen morphological types due to Leguminosae being one of themost diverse families of flowering plants. Taxa of
the Adesmia clade (Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae)
have been extensively palynologically studied in
the last few years, evidencing pollen morphology’s taxonomic relevance in this group. Buildingon these studies, we scored, coded, and mapped
16 pollen characters related to general morphology, ultrasculpture and ultrastructure into themost recent molecular phylogeny of the Adesmia

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clade. Quantitative and qualitative palynological
data were also scored from our results for the
ingroup (Adesmia, Amicia, Poiretia, Nissolia andZornia) and outgroup (Tipuana and Pterocarpus)
genera. All lineages of the Adesmia clade wererecovered with at least one or more pollen homoplasies/apomorphies, except for Adesmia. The
Adesmia clade was morphologically supported
by colporus length, operculum ultrasculpture andnexine thickness. The Adesmia + ZAP clade (Zornia + Amicia + Poiretia) was supported by endoaperture length and the latter by features of thepolar and equatorial axes. The remaining genera
are characterised by nexine thickness (Poiretia),
endoaperture type (Amicia), P/E, endoaperture
type, and operculum ultrasculpture (Zornia). Morphological synapomorphies for Adesmia were
unclear due to the reduced sampling in a genus
with 206 accepted species. Even though mostcharacters were found to be homoplastic acrossthe Adesmia clade, they helped characterise allclades and most genera of this informal group.
Future pollen studies on the Adesmia clade will
enable the scoring and coding of additional
characters and the proposition of a new classification system (subtribal) for this group.

P.1242 Testing different
strategies to efficiently
assemble high-quality plant
genomes
Karbstein, Kevin1,2,4*, Tomasello, Salvatore1,
Wagner, Natascha D.1, Barke, Birthe H.1,
Paetzold, Claudia3, Bradican, John P.1,2,
Preick, Michaela5, Himmelbach, Axel6,
Stein, Nils6,7, Irisarri, Iker8,9,10, Pucker, Boras11,
Jan de Vries8,9,12, Hörandl, Elvira1

Science, Göttingen, Germany. 10 Leibniz Institute for
the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Hamburg, Germany. 11 TU Braunschweig, Institute of Plant Biology,
Braunschweig, Germany. 12 University of Göttingen,Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany. *kkarb@bgc-jena.mpg.de.
Currently, it is still a challenge - in terms of laboratory effort and cost, as well as assembly quality- to reliably reconstruct large and complex genomes from non-model plants. This often hampers the study of evolutionarily complex groups
characterized by hybridization, polyploidy, and/or
apomixis. The large polyploid Ranunculus auricomus complex (Ranunculaceae) is an angiospermmodel system for the study of apomixis, evolution,and biogeography. However, neither plastid, mitochondrial nor high-quality nuclear genomes areavailable, limiting phylogenomic, ecological, andtaxonomic analyses. We tested different Illumina
short-read, Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) or
PacBio (HiFi) long-read, and Illumina-ONT/PacBio
hybrid assembly approaches on the diploid species R. cassubicifolius, a sexual progenitor of theR. auricomus complex. Here, we will predominantly
show results of different genome assembly strategies in terms of completeness, contiguity, and
BUSCO quality scores. The best of 14 strategies will
be presented in detail, which is characterized by>99% completeness with a haploid genome size of
3.2 Gbp, 99% single-copy and duplicated complete
BUSCO genes found, a median contig length (N50)
of 20 Mbp, and 40k predicted genes. The genomic
information presented here helps to improve phylogenomic analyses in this species complex, andwill enable advanced functional, evolutionary, biogeographic, and population genomic analyses for
the R. auricomus complex, the genus, and beyondin Ranunculaceae in the future.

1 University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany. 2
University of Göttingen, Georg-August University
School of Science (GAUSS), Göttingen, Germany. 3
Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Dresden, Germany. 4 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany. 5 Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam,
Germany. 6 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics andCrop Plant Research, Gatersleben/Seeland, Germany. 7 Center of integrated Breeding Research,
Germany. 8 University of Göttingen, Institute forMicrobiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany.
9 University of Göttingen, Campus Institute Data

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S.137. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE
MEGADIVERSE LEGUME SUBFAMILY
PAPILIONOIDEAE
P.1243 Evolution of pollen
in the Adesmia clade(Leguminosae, Dalbergieae)
Higor Antonio-Domingues1,2, Ana Paula
Fortuna Perez3, Monica L Rossi4, Rafael
Felipe de Almeida1, Adriana P Martinelli4,
Gwilym P. Lewis1, Cynthia F.P. Luz2of additional characters and the proposition of a newclassification system (subtribal) for this group.

P.1244 A PhyloCode-based
system for infragenericclassification of Astragalus(Fabaceae)
Nasim Azani1, Daniele Buono2, Diego
F. Morales-Briones2, Gudrun Kadereit2,
Anne Bruneau3, Martin F. Wojciechowski4,
Shahin Zarre1

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo, Brazil.
3 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil. 4
Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Legumes comprise different pollen morphologicaltypes due to Leguminosae being one of the most diverse families of flowering plants. Taxa of the Adesmia
clade (Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae) have been extensively palynologically studied in the last few years, evidencing pollen morphology’s taxonomic relevance inthis group. Building on these studies, we scored, coded, and mapped 16 pollen characters related to general morphology, ultrasculpture and ultrastructure into
the most recent molecular phylogeny of the Adesmia
clade. Quantitative and qualitative palynological data
were also scored from our results for the ingroup (Adesmia, Amicia, Poiretia, Nissolia and Zornia) and outgroup (Tipuana and Pterocarpus) genera. All lineagesof the Adesmia clade were recovered with at least one
or more pollen homoplasies/apomorphies, except for
Adesmia. The Adesmia clade was morphologically supported by colporus length, operculum ultrasculpture
and nexine thickness. The Adesmia + ZAP clade (Zornia+ Amicia + Poiretia) was supported by endoaperture
length and the latter by features of the polar and equatorial axes. The remaining genera are characterised bynexine thickness (Poiretia), endoaperture type (Amicia),
P/E, endoaperture type, and operculum ultrasculpture(Zornia). Morphological synapomorphies for Adesmia
were unclear due to the reduced sampling in a genus
with 206 accepted species. Even though most characters were found to be homoplastic across the Adesmia
clade, they helped characterise all clades and mostgenera of this informal group. Future pollen studies on
the Adesmia clade will enable the scoring and coding

1 Department of Plant Science, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran. 2 Fakultät für Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. 3
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. 4 School of Life
Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
With about 3,000 species worldwide, Astragalus(Fabaceae) stands out as a highly diverse genus offlowering plants distributed throughout Eurasia andthe Americas, representing a remarkable example of
rapid species-level continental radiations. The genus
is well-known for its complicated taxonomic history associated with outstanding ecological and morphological variation. In such big genera, recognizing
infrageneric taxa is essential to achieve identification
and an effective classification of species. Phylogenetic
studies utilizing different nuclear and plastid markers
have demonstrated that neither the traditional subgenera nor most of the previously recognized sections
are supported as monophyletic. Here, we reconstruct
the phylogenetic relationships of major clades within
Astragalus based on analyses of a dataset of 400 taxa
using both nuclear rDNA region (ITS) and plastid trnK/
matK gene sequences to produce a new clade-basedclassification that reflects the current knowledge ofrelationships in the genus. Although the relationships
among the clades, especially among nested lineages,
are still not well resolved, the composition of the mainclades remains consistent across all studies. In this updated classification system, the clade names chosen
are primarily based on the former subgeneric groups637

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represented by the current constituent taxa. However, selecting other names from classical literature wasnecessary for some clades. Thus, within the currently defined monophyletic Astragalus, we recognize 12
well-supported subclades: Glottis, Pseudosesbanella,Phaca, Trimeniaeus, Hamosa, Contortuplicata, Hemiphragmium, Cercidothrix, Brachylobium, Astracantha,
Diholcos and Hypoglottis. It is worth mentioning that
11 of these subclades are Eurasian in origin and distribution while about 450 species found in the Americas (the so-called Neo-Astragalus) are nested within
the Diholcos clade, which also comprises a subcladeof predominantly annual or short-living perennials
showing a Mediterranean-North African distribution.

P.1245 Strategies forrediscovering missing
species in the Brazilian
Cerrado: a case study with
Lupinusmight influence the peculiar pattern of occurrence of
these species in Cerrado. The five species of Lupinus
endemic to the Cerrado were assessed as endangered or critically endangered according to the IUCN
criteria. Our study suggests that additional rare taxa
might be missing from the red list, requiring more conservation attention.

P.1246 Taxonomic
and spatiotemporal
evolutionary studies on
liquorice (Papilionoideae,
Glycyrrhizeae) based on
genomic data
Lei Duan1, Hong-Feng Chen1, AJ Harris1,
Jun Wen2
1 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China. 2 Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA.

Tânia M. Moura1, Daniel P. Silva1, Anderson
R. Silva1, Marcelo F. Simon2
1 Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, Brazil. 2 Embrapa
Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil.
Five of the thirteen Lupinus species occurring in theBrazilian Cerrado are endemic to this biome. Three
species are known from some occurrences: L. elaphoglossum (1), L. ovalifolius (2), and L. insignis (3). We
questioned whether the climatic conditions of Cerrado are still suitable for the occurrence of these endemic species or not. Lupinus elaphoglossum and L.
insignis were last collected 50 years ago, while L. ovalifolius, known from only its type collection, was finallyre-collected after 207 years (the last collection known
in 2020). We used statistical models and methods
based on time series and principal component analysis to determine areas suitable for the occurrence of
L. elaphoglossum and L. insignis. Forty-nine environmental variables were gathered to predict the distribution of these two species. We analyzed climatic
variation using data from several weather stations.
We detected suitable areas where these two species
may occur. We have detected that the maximum andthe mean wind speeds were the only significant environmental variables, allowing us to infer the areas withthe weather conditions most similar to those where
the species were registered. Cerrado is still climaticallysuitable for these endemic species of Lupinus. Still, other physical or biological factors not considered here

Liquorice was represented by the tribe Glycyrrhizeae.
Its long, strong root has been widely has broad economic importance for its utility in traditional medicine,
as well as modern pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, food additives, and popular confectioneries. This
tribe widely distributes in every continent except for
Antarctica, but its spatiotemporal evolutionary history was unclear, also, its inter-tribal, inter-generic andinter-specific taxonomy are controversial. First, basedon NGS data, we reinstated the long-forgotten tribe
Glycyrrhizeae, including two genera: Glycyrrhiza and
Glycyrrhizopsis. Then, by integrating machine-learning-based image recognition with phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast genomes and low-copy nuclear
genes, which is the first application of the approachin plant systematic study, we merged the Central
Asian endemic Meristotropis into Glycyrrhiza (13 species), and recognized two species within the Anatolian
endemic Glycyrrhizopsis. Third, our historical biogeographic study indicated that the liquorice tribe wasoriginated in Tethys region during the late Eocene. A
vicariance event, possibly a response to the uplifting of
the Turkish-Iranian Plateau, may have driven the divergence between Glycyrrhiza and Glycyrrhizopsis in the
Middle Miocene. The third and fourth main elevationsof the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau may have led to therapid radiation within Glycyrrhiza, the genus dispersed
to eastern Asia, North America (through Bering Land
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tance dispersal during the Pliocene. The ancestor of
Glycyrrhiza lacked glycyrrhizin, a key secondary metabolite that marks the medicinal efficacy of liquorice,
and revealed that presence of glycyrrhizin evolved
twice within Glycyrrhiza. Only the Old World medicinal clade is qualified for the medicinal liquorice, andaccording to solid molecular phylogenetic results, we
treated the whole clade as the same species, G. glabra. The morphologically diverse species experienced
rapid radiation and massive hybridization within thelast million years, providing a good model for study on
reticulate evolution.

P.1247 Erythrina
L. (Phaseoleae,
Papilionoideae,
Leguminosae) of the world:a synoptic nomenclaturalrevision

the species of the genus, resulting in 412 names. Afterthe revision, we recognize 119 species and four subspecies for the world, proposing 83 new lectotypes (74first-step, nine second-step), two epitypes, and 21 newsynonyms. Of the 412 names analyzed, we maintained
258 as synonyms, nine as unplaced, and excluded 26of them for several reasons. For the Neotropical region,
we recognize 72 species and two subspecies, proposing 34 new lectotypes and six new synonyms. For the
African region, we recognize 35 species and one subspecies, proposing 39 new lectotypes, two epitypes,
and three new synonyms. For the Asian-Pacific region,
we recognize 15 species and one subspecies, proposing 10 new lectotypes, and 12 new synonyms. This work
highlights the importance of digital databases, herbaria, and libraries, which made it possible for us toeasily analyze protologues and preserved specimensfrom all over the world.

P.1248 Late Quaternary
climate-change velocity inthe areas of endemism of
the orchids of Megamexico

Ramon Guedes-Oliveira1, Ana Paula
Fortuna Perez2, Leandro C. Pederneiras3,
Vidal F. Mansano3
1 Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Instituto de
Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Universidade Estadual deSão Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil. 3 Diretoria de Pesquisas,
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Erythrina L. consists of a papilionoid legume genus
whose species are spread across the tropical andsubtropical regions of the world in a wide varietyof habitats, from savannah lowland vegetations todense moist montane forests. Before the establishment of the genus by Linnaeus in “Genera Plantarum”,
the species were generally known as “coral trees” or“Corallodendron” in America, and “Mouricou” or “Gelala” in Asia. Since the first binomial names published
for the genus in Linnaeus’ “Species Plantarum”, many
authors around the world have made several works
regarding Erythrina species across the centuries, fromregional floras to taxonomic treatments, describing dozens of new species, besides the publicationof new genera which were based on species of thegenus. However, we acknowledged that many issues
still remained concerning the nomenclatural status ofmany published names in Erythrina. Hence, we carried out a comprehensive search for all the scientificnames, protologues, and type specimens related toBrandon E. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez1, Marilyn
Vásquez-Cruz2, Victoria Sosa1
1 Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología,
Xalapa, Mexico. 2 Tecnológico Nacional de México
ITS de Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico.
Megamexico is a biogeographic region characterized
by an elevated biodiversity, complex geological history, rugged topography, and climatic heterogeneitythat have favored the presence of 1,732 species of orchids; more than half are endemic. The objective of
this study is to determine whether climatic stability differed in areas of endemism from surrounding areas,
to understand the role of climate in the maintenanceof these areas of endemism for the orchids distributed in this biogeographic region. Areas of endemism
and phylogenetic endemism were determined, andclimate change velocity was estimated. A database
was compiled to identify current climate preferences
and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify
the most significant variables. Climate change velocity was calculated in R using Climetric. The relationshipbetween climate change velocity and areas of endemism was determined by regression analysis. Results
showed that climate change velocity was low in themost important areas of endemism and phylogenetic
endemism located in the southeast of Mexico in Chiapas, along with an area in of Guatemala and anoth-639

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er in Nicaragua. These areas have probably acted as
refuges over evolutionary time for the Orchidaceae ofMegamexico, so they should be considered importantin conservation planning.

P.1249 Understanding
drivers of diversificationin Astragalus (Fabaceae)
on the Colorado Plateau ofWestern North America
Ross A. McCauley1
1 Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, Durango, USA.
With over 120 species and 60 endemic taxa, the Colorado Plateau is a center for species diversification of
Astragalus in North America. To help understand thepatterns and drivers of speciation in this region, I focused on a set of 60 species occurring within a radius of ca. 150 km from the Four Corners, where the US
states of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico
meet near the center of the Colorado Plateau. Geographical distribution, species morphological characteristics, and substrate preferences were analyzed
for each taxon. This data was combined with separate molecular phylogenies based on nuclear (ITS andETS) and chloroplast (ycf1) regions. Analysis shows thatdiversification is driven my multiple factors including edaphic specialization, pollinator shifts driven bychange in floral color, geographic isolation, and interspecific hybridization. These analyses help to provide
insight into the patterns of species diversification andthe environmental and organismal interactions giving
rise to evolutionary novelty in this speciose group.

P.1250 Similar but not
the same: Floral andinflorescence ontogeny
in the Adesmia clade(Dalbergieae, Leguminosae)
Thiago Cobra e Monteiro1, Marcus J.A.
Falcão2, Vidal F. Mansano2, Ana Paula
Fortuna Perez1

lo, Brazil. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Papilionaceous flowers with a banner, two wing petals,
and two fused keel petals, which involve the gynoecium and the androecium, characterize the subfamily Papilionoideae. However, changes in size and colorand structural variations such as developmental suppressions, abortions, reductions, torsions, or acquisitionof floral parts occur in Papilionoideae. Those changes
are driven by pollinator preferences and protection
against herbivory (e.g., pollen and nectar pillars andseed predators). In the Adesmia clade of tribe Dalbergieae, the flowers are yellow and papilionaceousand do not change much between genera except forsome androecium variations (free stamen in Adesmia
and heteroanthery in Zornia and Poiretia). However,after conducting floral and inflorescence ontogenyof one representative of four of the five genera within
the clade, we found several unique features. All species investigated have short plastocrony between thedevelopment of sepals and other floral organs, which
is highly abnormal in Papilionoideae. Nissolia longiflora presented a unique inflorescence type, never described accurately before. Adesmia psoraleoides did
not present bracteoles development, and the calyx
has a lateral initiation. These two rare features suggest a morphogenetic role of the bracteoles shaping
the unidirectional sepal development in other Papilionoideae. We also found disk-shaped nectaries in N.
longiflora and A. psoraleoides, a novel feature for the
Adesmia clade that may be a useful morphologicalcharacter to taxonomy. Poiretia coriifolia and Zornia
reticulata present distichous inflorescences, with twowell-developed bracteoles and abortion of the bract
early in development. Both genera do not present
disk-shaped nectaries, but Zornia has osmophores inthe standard petal. Secondary pollen presentation occurs in Poiretia and Zornia but is more pronounced in
Zornia, where it appears to have the same phases ofdevelopment reported to Crotalaria juncea.

P.1251 Bioprospecting inboth domestic and wild
species of the genus Vigna
Savi: the Bowman-Birk
inhibitors

1 Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística,
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Pau-

640

Elisa Toini1,2, Davide Panzeri1,2, Giovanni
Zecca1,2, Massimo Labra1,2, Fabrizio
Grassi1,2

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1 Università degli studi Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
2 National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
The Vigna Savi genus, of the Fabaceae family, includes
different important crops, such as Vigna unguiculata(cowpea), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), and others. They can grow in dry climates and poor soils, andtheir seeds are abundant both in nutrients and nutraceutical compounds. Variants of these plants arealso present in the wild while the majority of the Vigna
species were never domesticated. Among the usefulcompounds of these plants are the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors (BBI), molecules produced as defensive mechanism against insect attacks. Various nutraceutical effects of these proteins on humans havebeen demonstrated, including chemopreventive andanticarcinogenic ones. This study analysed the natural
genetic variability of two BBI isoforms in different species of the genus Vigna. In particular, the two isoforms
encode for a trypsin-trypsin BBI, characterized by two
trypsin-specific domains (BBI-TT) and the second
one, a trypsin-chymotrypsin BBI, characterized by one

trypsin and one chymotrypsin-specific domain (BBITC). For this purpose, the sequences of both genes
were first obtained from 12 published genomes. Then
DNA was extracted from 44 Vigna species and different primers were used to amplify and then sequenceboth genes. Ultimately, the BBI-TT were obtained from34 species, revealing 55 haplotypes corresponding to
40 isoforms and 32 mature proteins. Meanwhile the
BBI-TC were obtained from 40 species, revealing 70
haplotypes corresponding to 56 isoforms and 39 mature proteins. A phylogenetic tree of both genes wasconstructed to study their evolution and to apply anancestral sequence reconstruction analysis. Furthermore, sites under selective pressure were identified
with different algorithm approaches. In conclusion, thiswork provided insights about the evolution of thesegenes in Vigna and allowed the detection of several
natural forms of BBI. These natural proteins could potentially be used to improve the defences of cultivatedplants or for pharmaceutical and nutritional purposes.

S.139. RELICT PLANT VULNERABILITY TO
CLIMATE CHANGE
P.1253 Vulnerability andmesomorphy of selected
tropical plants: A guide tochoice of plant for desert
encroachment control andrevegetation
Jonathan O. Adinde1, Osita J. Uche1, Uche
J. Anieke1
1 Enugu State Polytechnic, Iwollo, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Desert encroachment is a major challenging environmental problem facing sub-sahara Africa resulting inclimate change and conflicts between farmers andherders. Attempts to control it through tree planting
often fail due to wrong choice of plants among otherfactors hence, the need for the application of Woodanatomy indices in the choice of plants. In the study,
Vulnerability and Mesomorphy of selected tropicalplants namely: Ixora coccinea, Gmelina arborea, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Ceiba pentandra werestudied to determine their adaptability to desert en-

croached areas. Slides of transverse sectioned samples and macerated samples from the plants wereprepared and viewed under light microscope with 20
replications. Vessel diameter, vessel length and vessel density per square millimeter of the plants wereobserved for each of the samples and used to calculate Vulnerability and Mesomorphy values. The
results showed that Gmelina arborea has vessel diameter of 203.4μm, vessel length of 378.2μm, vessel
density of 7.85, high Vulnerability value of 25.91 andhigh Mesomorphy of 9,799.162. Pentaclethra macrophylla has vessel diameter of 379.8μm, vessel length of
304.6μm, vessel density of 16, high Vulnerability valuesof 23.74 and high Mesomorphy value of 7,230.44. Ceiba pentandra has vessel diameter of 229.2μm, vessel
length of 697.8μm, vessel density of 6.8, high Vulnerability value 33.71, high Mesomorphy values 23,522.84,
while Ixora coccinea has vessel diameter of 113.4μm,
vessel length of 216.8μm, vessel density of 161.9, low Vulnerability value of 0.6877 and low Mesomorphy valueof 149.09. The relationship between Vulnerability andMesomorphy values and plants adaptability in conditions of water stress was discussed. Gmelina arborea,
Pentaclethra macrophylla and Ceiba pentandra withhigh mesomorphy and vulnerability values are vulner-641

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able to water stress condition characteristic of desertified areas while Ixora coccinea with low mesomorphy and vulnerability values is not vulnerable to water
stress condition.

P.1254 Life cycle andphenological growthstages in Arum rupicola inits natural habitat basedon BBCH scale in threeconsecutive years

P.1255 Seed biology ofrelict Juniperus drupaceain the westernmost area ofits global distribution (Mt.
Parnon, Greece)
Evangelia N. Daskalakou1, Spyridon
Oikonomidis2, Costas A. Thanos2
1 Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DIMITRA, Athens,
Greece. 2 Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Sajad Alipour1, Nasim Safari1
1 Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty ofAgriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Studying the phenology of valuable native plants isvery important and effective for better introduction
and protection of theirs. Arum rupicola Boiss. is oneof the native bulbous plants with ornamental andmedicinal value. According to BBCH (Biologische
Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische
Industrie) scale, from sprouting to winter rest, six
main principal stages are described for sprouting,leaf development, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development, fruit maturity, senescenceand beginning of dormancy. This research wasdone from January 2020 to December 2023. Data on
this study were collected once a week in the courseof the vegetative season and with a 30-day interval during the dormant season. The results showed,
sprouting was approximately the same in threeconsecutive years (late February). In comparison to
the second and third years, the leaves’ development
and inflorescence appearance occurred ten days
earlier in the first year. In the first year, blooming occurred in the first decade of May but in the second
and third year it occurred after 15 May. Also, seedcapsule formation was recorded ten days earlier inthe first year (late of May). The summer dormancy
approximately occurred in late spring in three consecutive years. And, the results of t-test showed that
there were significant differences in leaf number,plant height, flower stem length, and flower diameter in the first years in comparison with the second
and third year (P ≤ P.5). Therefore, the aim of thisstudy is to investigate the phenological stages of
the Arum rupicola in order to deeper understandingof the climate change effect on the growth cycle ofthis vulnerable species.

Juniperus drupacea Labill. is a dioecious tree (orshrub) predominantly found in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel, with its European native range
limited to Greece, specifically in Mt. Parnon anda small section of Mt. Taygetos (SE Peloponnese).
In Europe, J. drupacea is classified as endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List, facing primary
threats such as sapling grazing, timber overexploitation, and climate change. Cone collectionsof J. drupacea were carried out during the fall(Oct-Nov) over a 4-year period (2020-2023). For
the examination of cone and seed morphology,
20 mature cones were randomly gathered from
10 sites across the entire massif of Mt. Parnon.
An additional batch of 829 cones was analysed
for the seed count per cone. The average conemass was determined to be 3539 mg, each conecontaining 1-5 sound seeds (average of 2.3 seeds
per cone), with an average seed mass of 33.9 mg.
Furthermore, seeds underwent varying periods ofpre-chilling (up to 32 weeks) and were subsequently germinated at 15 °C in darkness. In addition, germination was tested without pre-chillingat two alternating temperatures (25/15 and 20/10°C, 12/12 h) and the effect of GA3 (1000 ppm) on
germination, with or without prior chilling, wasinvestigated as well. J. drupacea seed germination is indifferent to light conditions and althoughchilling for up to 16 weeks leads to a faster germination rate, final germination percentage is
not increased compared to non-chilled seeds.
Based on viability tests (TTZ), seeds stored within
the woody cones (with their external leathery layer either intact or removed) demonstrated highviability for a long period (>15 yrs). Finally, experimental data are analysed through the lenses ofboth climate change and conservation purposes.

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P.1256 Will warming affectthe reproduction of plants
at high elevations in theAndes?

P.1257 A new infragenericclassification of Paullinia(Paullinieae, Sapindaceae)
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez1, Genise
Somner2, Joyce G. Onyenedum3, Chun Su3

Karol D. Dueñas-F1, Eloisa Lasso1

1 Department of Botany, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA. 2
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Botânica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3
Department of Environmental Studies, New York
University, New York, USA.

1 Laboratorio de Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad deLos Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
Páramos are tropical high-mountain ecosystems
particularly vulnerable to global warming. Páramo
plants sustain a diverse array of animals, regulate
the local climate, and trap and retain water, ensuring that the páramo acts as a key water reservoir
for the region. Successful reproduction is essential toensure the continued existence of these plants andthe services they provide. Hence, it is pivotal to understand how warming will impact their reproductive biology to understand the potential effects ofclimate change on biodiversity and ecological stability in the Tropical Andes. To this end, we studied
the reproduction of plants that have been growing
for seven years inside open-top chambers (OTCs)
and in control plots beside them. These OTCs act as
greenhouses, warming the air temperature by approx. 2oC, simulating the temperatures expected at
the end of this century. We followed the phenology of
Arcytophyllum nitidum, Castilleja integrifolia, Diplostephium phylicoides, Geranium multiceps, Pernettya prostrata, Vaccinium floribundum and Valeriana
pilosa to understand if flowering time is changing
in response to warming. Additionally, we recorded
flower, fruit, and seed production for P. prostrata, V.
floribundum and C. integrifolia in warmed and control plots. We assessed female fertility by analyzing
ovule production and male fertility by evaluating theamount of viable pollen. Two species, V. pilosa, andD. phyllodes, flowered earlier in warmer conditions.
Most species reduced flower and fruit production
in warmer conditions. Ovule production was not affected by the warming, but some species show alower percentage of pollen grain germination. Seedquality seems to decrease in the OTCs. Preliminary
data indicates that the reproduction of some Páramo species will be negatively affected by warming.
The findings from this research are crucial to assess
if páramo plants can maintain theirpopulations
over time in a warmer world and provide valuable
insights for conservation.

Paullinia (Sapindaceae) is a monophyletic genus oftendrilled climbing plants that currently include about
220 species native to the Neotropics from Mexico
south to northern Argentina and the Antilles. The infrageneric classification of Paullinia dates back to thework of Radlkofer (1895, 1931) who proposed 13 sections,primarily based on fruit morphology. Recent analyses
based on two molecular markers and the sampling of
few species (5-22%) suggest that most of Radlkofer’s
sections are polyphyletic, as the resulting clades cluster together species that may have either similar ordifferent fruit morphologies. In this study, we generated new nuclear DNA sequence data, covering ~56% of
species, using target sequence capture method with
the Angiosperms353 universal probe set. Through theanalyses of coalescence-based and concatenatedphylogenetic trees, constructed from the 353 recovered genes across 271 samples (126 species), we expect to resolve the intrageneric relationships within
Paullinia. The resulting topologies will be evaluated on
the light of all possible morphological characters inorder to propose an infrageneric classification for the
genus.

P.1258 Floral glands
anatomy, fragrance, andpollinators in two sympatricspecies of Pilocarpus(Rutaceae)

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Éllen S. Garcia1,*, Anelize Barboza1, Mariana
T. Araújo1, Maria JF Caliman1, Milton
Groppo1.
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, Universidadede São Paulo, Brazil.*ellengarcia@usp.br.

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Angiosperms use many floral signals that can attract both floral visitors and effective pollinators,
such as floral odor, which allows insects to identify
flowers as a source of resources. With this in mind,
the aim of this work was to study the floral biologyof Pilocarpus pennatifolius and Pilocarpus spicatus, species from the Rutaceae family, identifying
the characteristics used by these species to attract pollinators. To this end, an anatomical study
was carried out using cross-sectional histologicalsections of the flowers, made using a rotary microtome, analysis of floral fragrance compounds using
the Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) techniqueand a study of floral visitors using the “Fixed Sample” observation method. As a result, both species
had the nectary fused to the ovary, but only visually distinguishable in Pilocarpus pennatifolius, which
also had a greater number of stomata and secretory cavities, as well as the presence of druses andpapillose epidermis, not, observed in Pilocarpus spicatus. Both species presented compounds belonging mainly to the terpene group in their fragrances.
Pilocarpus pennatifolius had ten more compounds(37), with trans-caryophyllene having the highest
concentration (24.89%). In Pilocarpus spicatus, thecompound with the highest relative percentage
was alpha pinene (42.18%) and, in both species, thecompound alpha cubebene had the lowest concentration, P.2% and 0.16%, respectively. In Pilocarpus
pennatifolius, 13 more families of flower visitors wereobserved, the most representative being the order
Diptera. These data suggest that, in the species
studied, the quantity of compounds in the fragrances and their unique combinations may interfere withthe diversity and quantity of floral visitors and, consequently, with effective pollinators. Finally, this study
reaffirmed the information obtained about the species, as well as defining the compounds that makeup the fragrance of Pilocarpus spicatus.

P.1259 Laticifers in vascularplantsErika Prado1, Diego Demarco1
1 Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences,
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Laticifers are specialized latex-secreting structures
whose primary function is defense against herbivory
and microorganisms. Laticifers are found in several
families of vascular plants and have taxonomic andphylogenetic importance. However, several misinterpretations are found in the literature, in which laticifers

had been reported for families that do not have them.
Thus, a review of this secretory structure is needed toaccess its real distribution and evolution. The aim of
this study was to characterize and distinguish laticifersfrom other secretory structures, identifying their typology, ontogeny and distribution. We analyzed 63 families described as having at least one latescent species
but confirmed the occurrence of latex in only 34 families, many times without phylogenetic relationship. Thisfinding showed that laticifers appeared multiple times
in the evolution of vascular plants. We demonstrated
that 18 so-called latescent families actually have resin
ducts or secretory idioblasts. All laticifers investigatedare articulated and can be classified as anastomosing or non-anastomosing, branched or unbranched.
No evidence of non-articulated laticifers and intrusive
autonomous growth was observed. Our results contributed significantly to the knowledge on laticifers andpromotes a better understanding of their distribution,mode of growth, and evolution in vascular plants.

P.1261 Occurrence of bundle
sheath extensions in leavesof Anacardiaceae
Rosa Mateos Escobar1, Teresa Terrazas1
1 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico.
Bundle sheath extensions are vertical prolongations of
the bundle sheath that contact one or both epidermises. In the presence of extensions, the leaf is termed
heterobaric; in their absence, it is termed homobaric.
The presence of bundle sheath extensions has an impact on the mechanical and physiological propertiesof the leaf (when the extensions contact both epidermises the gas exchange in the mesophyll is diminished). The tissue that constitutes extensions can beparenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma. It has
been reported that heterobaric leaves are most likely
found in shrubs and trees at the top of the canopy andin canopy gaps, whereas homobaric leaves have been
associated with species growing in sub-canopies andunderstories. Since most of the species in Anacardiaceae are shrubs or trees we hypothesize that theleaves of the family are heterobaric. Our purpose wasto determine if the presence of bundle sheath extensions is a common feature of the Anacardiaceae.
Fifty-eight of the 79 genera recognized in the family
were studied. The leaves were removed from herbaria. Cross sections of the medium third part of theleaf blade were made and stained with safranin-fast644

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green. Leaf sections were analyzed under bright fieldand polarized light microscopy. Bundle sheath extensions were identified in 93% of the studied species.
Only 10 species in 8 different genera, as Drymicarpus,
Operculicarya, and Solenocarpus, lack extensions. The
type of cells in the extensions varies, being more than
80% of sclerenchyma. Most of the species possessing

extensions are shrubs and trees of the canopy. Homobaric leaves occur in monotypic genera, such as
Haplorhus and Malosma, and polytypic genera, as in
the case of Buchanania and Mangifera. It is concluded
that bundle sheath extensions are a conserved trait in
the Anacardiaceae.

S.141. SEEDS, SALINITY AND SURVIVAL: A
FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
P.1262 Understanding theincrease of plant density of
Hoffmannseggia aphylla(Fabaceae): Evidence of “elniño Southern oscillation”
years

results highlight the transcendence of the ENSO in
the regeneration of leguminous plants.

Felipe S. Carevic1,2, Roberto Contreras2,3
1 Laboratorio de Ecología Vegetal, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad ArturoPrat, Iquique, Chile. 2 Millennium Nucleus on Applied Historical Ecology for Arid Forests, Santiago
de Chile, Chile. 3 Centro Regional de Investigacióny Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama, Universidad
de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile.
Studies on the natural regeneration of plant species
under hyperaridity conditions have been scarce,
mainly because of the low germination percentageof the species under these conditions. Presumably,sporadic phenomena such as the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) could have a positive effect on
the natural germination of these species, although
this effect has not yet been satisfactorily explored.
To test the crucial assumption of our statement,a hyperarid region (average rainfall below 5 mm/year) was used as a model to determine the effect of ENSO years on the natural regeneration rateof adult individuals of the endemic legume Hoffmannseggia aphylla (retama) in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Thus, the vegetation density ofan endemic leguminous species in a sector of the
Pampa del Tamarugal, Tarapacá Region, northern
Chile, was analyzed for six years. The density of thisspecies increased during ENSO years, mainly duetowater ﬂows from the highest sectors of the Tamarugal pampas, such as the town of Pica, in addition
to the increase in humidity and summer rainfall. Our

P.1263 Salinity toleranceof seeds and seedlings
and their integration ina biosaline production
system aimed at dry forest
restoration
Bárbara F. Dantas1
1 Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, Brazil.
Dry forests are highly threatened by climatechange and agricultural pressures. The Brazilian
Caatinga is a largely threatened, highly complex, diverse and endemic dry forest ecosystem,
which is vulnerable to desertification and has
surpassed the longest drought (2011-2022) in thepast 100 years. Drought and deforestation havedecreased c. 40% the amount of original surface
potable water over the last 35 years and groundwater is usually brackish. In the desalination process, besides the potable water, a highly saline
and pollutant water (brine) is generated, which
can be used in biosaline agriculture with careful monitoring of crops and soil. We propose a‘biosaline restoration’ by an alternative use of
non-potable brackish water to produce native
tree seedlings for Caatinga revegetation. In thisstudy we selected species and tested several
alternative sources to potable water to irrigate
forest seedlings in nurseries, which have highwater expenditure. The trail was performed in acompletely randomized design with three irrigation water sources (biosaline fish cropping wa-

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ter; brackish groundwater and tap water) and
four replications with five seedlings. We foundFabaceae species which have fast germinating
salt tolerant seeds had similar seedling growthin tap or brackish water. Also, an irrigation water
source with conductivity levels of up to 7 dS.m 1
did not compromise the seed germination andseedlings growth of the Caatinga native Fabaceae Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan;
Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis; Cenostigma microphyllum (Mart. ex G.Don)
Gagnon & G.P.Lewis and Erythrina velutina Willd.
Furthermore, biochar, produced from agro-industrial waste, can be added to the substrate toenhance seedlings tolerance; minimize the effectof brackish water on development; promote thesequestration of C in the soil and increase water and nutrient retention. This therefore is an alternative and low input technique for restoration
aiming native tree seedling production.

P.1264 Mechanisms oftolerance to increasinglevels of salinity in Spartina
patens (Aiton) Muhl.
seedlings
Adrián Sapiña-Solano1, Oscar Vicente1,
Monica Boscaiu2, Mario X. Ruiz-González1,
Sara González Orenga1,3,4
1 Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto deConservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain. 2 Universitat Politècnicade València, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Valencia, Spain. 3 Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo,
Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain. 4 Universidade
de Vigo, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación,
Ourense, Spain.
Invasive species are promoters of biodiversity loss
and ecosystem degradation worldwide. Coastal
habitats such as dunes, saltmarshes and wetlands,
have become highly threatened environments. The
Mediterranean basin is very vulnerable to biologicalinvasions, due to altered conditions as consequenceof climate change effects. In addition to their ability to outcompete native vegetation and efficientdissemination strategies, invasive species typicallyexhibit high levels of stress tolerance. On the coastof the Valencian Community can be found an invasive species native to the Atlantic coast of North

America that has spread worldwide, due to its rapid
propagation in the last few decades, Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. Thus, it deserves special attention,
particularly in protected areas like the Albufera Natural Park included in Natura 2000. Its colonisation reduces ecosystem’s biodiversity and has an impact
on vulnerable or protected species, e.g., the reduction of Limonium albuferae populations, a criticallyendangered species, was detected during the lastyears. Both native and invasive species are exposed
to climate change effects such as salination anddrought. Plants face abiotic stresses by displaying
different mechanisms: 1) the regulation of the cellular osmotic pressure through ion transport, regulation of photosynthetic pigments concentration andthe change in osmolytes concentration; 2) the inactivation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to faceoxidative stress by the activation of enzymatic andnon-enzymatic antioxidant machinery. Understanding the tolerance of invasive plants to abiotic stressmight contribute to ecosystem management andconservation policies. S. patens was sampled from
Albufera Natural Park (València, Spain) and exposed
to 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mM of NaCl for 18 days.
When plants began to show signs of withering, werecorded biomass parameters and analysed theirmechanisms of tolerance. The blockage of sodium,
chloride and calcium at the root level was the main
defence against salt of S. patens

P.1265 Tolerance andrecovery capacity to waterand salt stress of Juncus
balticus, a dominant Salarde Atacama salt flat plant
Adrian Sanhueza1,2, Francisco A. Squeo1,2
1 Biology Department, University of La Serena, Chile.
2 Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Chile.
In Andean salt flats (Salar), water deficit conditions
and high salinity can negatively affect plants’ fitness, inhibiting them. These conditions could be
likely aggravated by industrial activity and climate change. To understand the vegetation Salar plant’s cope mechanisms to this type of stress,
we made an experiment of hydroponic growing of
Juncus balticus, adding different concentrationsof polyethylene glycol and NaCl that reach waters potentials of 0, -1, -1.5, -2 and -2.5 MPa, simulating rising intensities of water deficit and high646

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salinity conditions. After two months under these
conditions, half of the plants were subjected to arecovery stage, in which we maintained them in anutrient solution at a water potential of 0 MPa. Our
results show that below a water potential of -1.5
MPa, plant growth stops and below -2 MPa, plantsurvival drops below 50%. Aswell thus, the results
were confirmed by another functional traits measurement performed. On the other hand, the recovery study found that plants can restart growththrough aerial biomass turnover, however, thisgrowth is less vigorous in plants subjected to lower water potentials and in those subjected to salt
stress.

P.1266 Salinity tolerance
strategies of the halophyte
Suaeda maritima during
seed germination
Charlotte Seal1, Camille-Madeleine
Szymansky1,2, Adele Muscolo3, Margaret
Yeo1, Louise Colville1, Innes Clatworthy4,
Tobias Salge4

1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. 2 University of
Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, France. 3 Mediterranean
University of Reggio Calabria, Italy. 4 Natural History
Museum, London, UK.
Coastal ecosystems, such as saltmarshes, provide a number of ecosystem services including a
critical role in ‘blue’ carbon storage, but are under
threat from global sea level rise. Their vegetationis comprised of halophytes, salt-tolerant plants,that are exposed to high concentrations of salt
and frequent flooding. Many halophytes naturally regenerate from seed, yet the combination of
traits associated with salinity tolerance in seeds isstill poorly characterised. Here, we focus on elucidating two mechanisms that are commonly utilised by adult halophyte plants: (1) ion accumulation and elemental localisation, and (2) enhanced
antioxidant capacity to protect against oxidative
stress, in seeds of the saltmarsh halophyte Suaeda maritima during over-wintering and germination. Our approach uses a halotime model tocharacterise the saline germination niche, alongwith techniques in microscopy, spectrometry andbiochemistry to provide a mechanistic understanding. We show that seeds of S. maritima utilise seawater to their benefit during germination,
thriving in highly saline environments.

S.142. SOLANACEAE: BIOLOGY, SYSTEMATICSAND EVOLUTION
P.1267 Preliminary
cytological studies inthe tribe Browallieae(Solanaceae)
David Hoyos1, Rocío Deanna1,2, Franco
Chiarini1
1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal,
Córdoba, Argentina. 2 Departamento de Ciencias
Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas,
UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
Browallieae belongs to the subfamily Cestroideae andcomprises Browallia L., with 23 accepted species, andthe monotypic Streptosolen Miers. Although the tribe ismonophyletic, its genera do not form separate clades.
The cytological knowledge for this group is limited tochromosome counts for three species, two diploids(2n = 22) and one tetraploid (2n = 44) whereas chromosome measurements are known for only one species. Karyotype analyses can elucidate synapomorphies among the tribes of Cestroideae and provide
evidence to clarify the boundaries between speciesof Browallieae. We aim to infer ploidy level and chromosome morphology for the three most conflictive
species of Browallieae: B. americana L., B. speciosa
Hook. and S. jamesonii (Benth.) Miers. Chromosome
preparations were made from root meristems andpretreated in 8-hydroxyquinoline. The basic chromosome number of the three species was x = 11; B. americana and S. jamesonii are diploids and B. speciosa
is a tetraploid; this latter presented the highest chromosomal asymmetry indexes. Concerning size, werecorded chromosomes between 0.9–6.4 μm, where
diploids had the longest and the tetraploid species thesmallest chromosomes. Assuming x=12 as the basic
number of the family Solanaceae, our results suggest
at least two events of chromosome rearrangements:

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one number reduction in the divergence of Browallieae and its sister clade Cestreae, and another one in
the divergence of Cestreae, whose basic number is
x=12. The differentiation between Browallia and Streptosolen may be limited to small cumulative cryptic
rearrangements, which are not evident with classicaltechniques. In addition, ploidy level played an important role in the differentiation of species within Browallieae. Our chromosome data supports the similarity
between Browallia and Streptosolen, already noticed
in molecular phylogenies, and outstands the importance of integration of cytological analyses with molecular and morphological evidence to resolve circumscription problems in Browallieae.

P.1268 Preliminary
phylogenetic hypothesis of
the genus Chamaesaracha(Solanaceae)

ies, obtaining a non-monophyletic Chamaesaracha.
Within the genus, the clades resolved were poorly resolved, highlighting the need for more molecular data
to resolve this complex group. Most of the species resulted in non-monophyletic taxa, although we found
two clades clearly distinguished by their indumentum.
Although we did not resolve the species’ circumscriptions, this is the basis for further studies integrating genomics with morphological information to resolve therelationships and propose taxonomic changes.

P.1269 Building a global
online multi-access
identification key tothe mega-diverse andeconomically important
genus Solanum
Rebecca Hilgenhof1, Sandra Knapp2,
Leandro Giacomin3, Xavier Aubriot4,
Eric J. Tepe5, Lynn Bohs6, Iris E. Peralta7,
Christopher T. Martine8, Rocío Deanna9,Franco Chiarini9, Gloria Barboza9, YuriGouvêa10, João R. Stehmann10, Andrés
Orejuela11, Clara I. Orozco11, Tiina Särkinen1

Camila Ogas , Carolina Callegari , Rocío
Deanna1
1

1

1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal(UNC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
Chamaesaracha (A.Gray) Benth. is a genus that belongs to the tribe Physalideae and is native to theUnited States, Mexico, and Central America. It contains 12 species with conflictive taxonomic circumscription. These species are herbs with flowers withyellowish-white rotate corollas, and fruiting calyx appressed around a greenish berry. Chamaesaracha
is not monophyletic; most of the taxa form a clade of‘arid’ species, sister to the genus Quincula Raf., but asingle species escapes this main clade and is closely
related to other genera in Physalideae (C. rzedowskiana Hunz. with Leucophysalis Rydb., Capsicophysalis(Bitter) Averett & M.Martínez, and Cataracta Zamora-Tav., O.Vargas & M.Martínez). However, the majortaxonomic challenges lie at the species level due tomorphological similarities that make the specific limits diffuse. Therefore, our objective was to resolve thecircumscription of the species by incorporating morecollections and molecular data. DNA was extracted
from at least three populations of 10 species, and fourmolecular markers (Leafy, waxy, trnLF, ITS) were amplified. Alignments and phylogenetic analyses wereconducted using Maximum Likelihood. Sequences
available in Genbank were added, including one species of each genus of the subtribe Physalidinae. Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassl. was used as the outgroup. The
subtribe resolves as in previous phylogenetic stud-

1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith
Row, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. 2 Natural History
Museum, London, United Kingdom. 3 Departamento de Sistemática & Ecologia, Universidade Federal
da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Paraíba, Brazil. 4
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, Orsay, France. 5
University of Cincinnati, Department of Biological
Sciences, Cincinnati, U.S.A. 6 University of Utah, Department of Biology, Salt Lake City, U.S.A. 7 Facultyof Agricultural Sciences, National University of Cuyo,
Luján, Mendoza, Argentina; and IADIZA CCT CONICET Mendoza, Argentina. 8 Department of Biology,
Bucknell University, Lewisburg, U.S.A. 9 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC),
Córdoba, Argentina. 10 Departamento de Botânica,
ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas
Gerais, Brazil. 11 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Identification keys are important taxonomic tools that
aid in the identification of unknown biological entities to varying ranks. Traditional dichotomous keys
are limited by their single point of access, where thesequence and structure of identification steps andcharacters used are fixed by the author. Those that
address large numbers of taxa become lengthy and648

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complex to follow, making their application challenging, especially when dealing with species-rich groups
that display high intraspecific plasticity. Solanum is agenus of such magnitude. With 1,245 currently accepted species displaying high morphological diversity, it
is considered a mega-diverse genus. Accurate identification is crucial within this economically importantgroup, which includes the cultivated tomato and potato as well as many other crops and crop wild relatives. To aid with the identification of Solanum species, we have built two freely available global online
multi-access identification keys constructed using thetaxonomic management software Xper3. The first key
allows the identification of all 68 clades currently recognized within Solanum. The second serves to identify
752 individual species, including all non-spiny species
worldwide, as well as African and Asian spiny species.
To enable effective identification, we recorded geography for each taxon, in addition to 52 characters
covering 21 vegetative and 27 reproductive structures.
Terminology used within the keys is explained using both text and photographic plates, rendering thekeys user-friendly for both experts and non-experts
alike. The Solanum keys are hosted at the Solanaceae
Source website, where users can access detailed information such as individual species descriptions andphotographs. The species-level key presented here isa first identification key framework for Solanum andwill be followed by “add-ons” for the groups that are
still lacking up-to-date taxonomic treatments such as,
for example, the Geminata, New World spiny, and Australian spiny clades.

P.1270 The value ofmorphological traits toseparate species in Cestrum(Solanaceae)

resolved topologies or with very low support, even including multiple molecular markers. Our objective wasto test if species phylogenetically unresolved with onlymolecular markers, can be separated using morphological characters. To pursue this, we morphologicallyanalyzed and compared five closely related species
found in Bolivia resolved as a polytomy in the last phylogenetic studies. We recovered 17 continuous andthree discrete characters for 10 specimens of these fivespecies: C. strigulatum, C. concglomeratum, C. reflexum, C. rigidum and C. megalophylum. The data wereobtained through measurements in Image J and analyzed using a Non-metric Multidimensional Scalling(NMDS) in R. Cestrum reflexum and C. rigidum exhibited strong morphological similarities, particularly emphasizing the size of the corolla in both species. Notably, C. rigidum was the only species consistently foundwith stipules among the five studied. Additionally, C.
conglomeratum and C. megalophyllum displayed remarkable similarity, mainly due to their larger leaves
compared to other species. Cestrum megalophyllum
stood out prominently in this category. Conversely, C.
strigulatum was the only species that did not show
clear morphological similarities with the other analyzed species. The NMDS analysis revealed distinctive
morphological similarities of these species, allowing
us to identify clusters that correspond to each species
and providing a deeper insight into their Similitudes.

P.1271 Unraveling themolecular basis ofandromonoecy induction
under heat stress conditions
in Solanum melongena
Silvia Manrique1, Gloria Villanueva1, Marina
Martínez-López1, Mariola Plazas1, Pietro
Gramazio1, Miguel Chapa1,2, Aureliano
Bombarely2, Santiago Vilanova1, Jaime
Prohens1

Hector J. Lazarte1, Carla Maldonado1,
Rocío Deanna2
1 Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instittuo de Ecología,
Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia. 2 Instituto Multidisciplinario de
Biología Vegetal, Córdoba, Argentina.
Cestrum L. is a genus of Solanaceae widely distributed throughout the Americas. Extending from southern
Florida to Chile, Cestrum is the second largest genus
of Solanaceae, reaching almost 220 species. Less than
40 species (ca. 15%) of Cestrum have been includedin the phylogeny of the family and a small section
was further studied. Previous results have shown un-

1 Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain. 2 Institutode Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSICUPV), Valencia, Spain.
Climate change poses a significant challenge to global agriculture, and the Mediterranean region is particularly susceptible to its adverse effects. In this context,
understanding plant responses to stress becomes
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Poster presentationsof the genus Solanum, exhibit andromonoecy, a sexual system characterized by the coexistence of hermaphrodite and male flowers. Specifically, Solanum
melongena displays functional andromonoecy, where“male” flowers possess a non-functional gynoecium
because the reduced development of the stigma andthe style avoids the fertilization of the ovules. Under
heat stress conditions, there is an observed increasein functionally-male flowers, suggesting that this increase is a mechanism to optimize resource allocation in response to environmental challenges. Our lab
developed an early-flowering, dwarf eggplant variety,(“Micromel,”) more amenable for molecular studies.
Utilizing Micromel plants, we performed transcriptomic
and metabolomic analyses on pistils of flowers grownunder control or heat stress conditions. Our findings
reveal that heat stress induces autophagy, contributing to the increase of functionally-male flowers.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of functional andromonoecy in response to heat stress not only provides insights intoplant reproductive strategies but also offers avenues
for enhancing stress tolerance in agricultural systems.
By deciphering how plants allocate resources understress, we can develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on plants both for agricultural and conservation purposes.

P.1272 Exploring
morphological variationin three related species ofSolanum sect. Petota ser.
Commersoniana and ser.
Tuberosa (Solanaceae)
Rodrigo Nicolao1, Morgan R. Gostel2,
Caroline M. Castro3, Gustavo Heiden3
1 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. 2
Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth,USA. 3 Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, Brazil.
Solanum sect. Petota (Solanaceae) comprises potatoes (S. tuberosum), the third most important foodcrop on Earth, five domesticated potato species, and
107 wild relatives. Potatoes are widely distributed in theAmericas. Solanum sect. Petota ser. Commersoniana
is unique as one of the few South American groups
that occur outside of the Andes, extending into Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Southern Brazil. This group
has a complex taxonomic history and the number
and rank of taxa belonging to series Commersoniana(currently two spp., S. commersonii and S. malmeanum) remains unclear. Solanum chacoense is sympatric with both species in series Commersoniana, butmorphologically distinct and recognized in a distinct
taxonomic series Tuberosa. Interestingly, a hybridization event between S. commersonii and S. chacoensehas been proposed to explain the origin of S.
malmeanum. Solanum commersonii and S. malmeanum (1EBN) are compatible to each other and partiallycompatible with S. chacoense (2EBN) under artificial
crosses, but the mechanisms involved and barriers tohybridization are poorly understood. A morphologicalstudy was conducted to clarify the taxonomy of S. ser.
Commersoniana. 254 individuals from S. chacoense, S.
commersonii, and S. malmeanum were studied fromherbarium vouchers for comparative morphometric analysis. A multivariate morphometric approach
was used to reveal species-specific patterns among
53 morphological traits. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed no separation of two morphological groups overall, with S. chacoense represented in
the first and S. commersonii in the second. Solanum
malmeanum was observed across both coordinates.
Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) identified themost distinct groups, with S. chacoense in one group
and S. commersonii and S. malmeanum in anothergroup, but with lower support. Overall classification
success rate exceeded 84%. S. chacoense is morphologically distinct from S. commersonii and S. malmeanum. Further molecular and geographic analyses areneeded to explore distinction among these wild species of potato.

P.1273 Advancing eggplant
genetics, domestication andbreeding research throughthe development of a first
MAGIC population
José Luna1, Andrea Arrones1, Giulio
Mangino1, Virginia Baraja1, Mariola
Plazas1, Jaime Prohens1, Pietro Gramazio1,
Santiago Vilanova1
1 Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica deValència, Valencia, Spain.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a globally important crop that, despite its significance, lags behind otherimportant crops in the development of experimental
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ing research. Addressing this gap, our research teamhas developed an eight-parent Multiparent Advanced
Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) population to investigate the genetic architecture of complex traits in eggplant, as well as to provide insights into the domestication process. The parents of this first eggplant MAGIC
population are seven genetically diverse accessions of
eggplant and one close wild relative (S. incanum). The
eight parents were intercrossed using a funnel scheme
to obtain a segregating eight-way hybrid generation,
which was subsequently selfed for five generations using a single seed descent (SSD) approach to maximize
variation in the MAGIC population. As a result, 325 S5 recombinant MAGIC lines were obtained, each of which
is a genetic mosaic of the eight founder genomes. This
S5 generation of the MAGIC has been genotyped using skim whole-genome resequencing at 3X coverage.
Furthermore, parental genomes were resequenced
at high coverage (20X). Therefore, 433,335 high-quality markers were found to be polymorphic. In addition,
the MAGIC population was phenotyped in two environments for 56 traits, which span a wide range of characteristics, from morphological features to fruit composition traits. First results reveal a large variation in the
MAGIC population, with new phenotypes and transgressive individuals for many of the traits evaluated.
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) were performed to identify quantitative key genomic regions forthe traits evaluated and for identifying novel candidate
genes. Apart from the significance of this first eggplant
MAGIC population for eggplant research in genetics,
domestication and breeding, some of the recombinant
MAGIC lines may be of interest for being incorporated
into breeding pipelines.

P.1274 Development of
an inter-specific MAGIC
population combining
Solanum lycopersicum
var. cerasiforme and S.
pimpinellifolium genomes
Andrea Arrones1, Oussama Antar1,
Leandro Pereira-Dias1, Andrea Solana1,
Paola Ferrante2, Giuseppe Aprea2, Mariola
Plazas1, Jaime Prohens1, María José Díez1,
Giovanni Giuliano2, Pietro Gramazio1,
Santiago Vilanova1

1 Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica deValència, Valencia, Spain. 2 Agenzia Nazionale Per
Le Nuove Tecnologie, L’energia e Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Casaccia Research Centre,
Rome, Italy.
We developed an interspecific Multi-parent Advanced
Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) population by inter-crossing four accessions each of Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (SLC) and S. pimpinellifolium(SP) spanning the range of geographical diversity andphenotypic and genetic variation of both taxa. These
two taxa are the closest relatives to cultivated tomato S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum (SLL), offering aunique opportunity to provide insights into the genetics of traits involved in the early domestication process.
Our selection of the eight MAGIC founders was strategically based on representing the genetic diversity andgeographical distribution of SLC and SP, maximizing
variation in origin, morphology, and genetic diversity.
This selection strategy was instrumental in capturing abroad spectrum of diversity, with the founders demonstrating a wide morphological diversity. Whole-genome resequencing of the eight accessions unveiled
over 12 million variants, with a significant proportion(46.3%) being private. The MAGIC population, comprising 354 lines developed through successive generations of inter-crossing and selfing, was genotyped
using Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) anda new tomato panel developed by ENEA composed by
12k SNPs and resulted in 6,488 polymorphic SNPs. The
genotyping data revealed high homozygosity (average 93.69%) and a balanced representation (11.62% to14.16%) of the founder genomes. GWAS analysis identified strong associations for key domestication traits
like fruit weight, plant anthocyanin, and flowering time,
pinpointing both previously known and novel QTLs andcandidate genes. The new intraspecific tomato MAGIC
population has a high potential for tomato researchers
and breeders, aiding in the understanding of tomato
domestication and allowing the detection of new
genes and alleles of potential interest in breeding.

P.1275 Genome andchromosome size evolution
on the Cyphomandra clade(Solanaceae): architectureof the genome

651

Mariela Sader1, Amalia Ibiapino1, Mariana
Baez2, Amanda Camara3

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1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina, msader@imbiv.unc.edu.ar. 2 Plant Breeding Department, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany. 3 Leibniz
Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research,
Gatersleben, Germany, camara@ipk-gatersleben.deSome genomes can accumulate a high number ofrepetitive sequences. These gather at heterochromatic, inactive regions serving organizational roles beyond
forming centromeres and telomeres. But their tendency to aggregate suggests that there must be a limit
to their abundance. Over recent years, polymer simulation of chromatin has become a powerful tool tounderstand chromatin dynamics. Previous models, reproducing the higher compaction of heterochromatic
regions compared to euchromatic regions in interphase nuclei, indicate that the differences in compaction drive phase separation. With polymer simulations,
we analyzed varied distributions of heterochromatic
regions over the genome, regarding nuclear position,compaction, and diffusion to understand their effects
on the dynamics of the nucleus and in the evolutionof repetitive fractions within a clade. We compare theorganization of euchromatin and heterochromatin in
the nucleus with a genomic composition analysis, focusing on the repetitive fraction of the genome, in different species of the clade Cyphomandra. This clade
is composed of a group of plants within the Solanum
L. genus (Solanaceae family), commonly known as
the nightshade family. The Cyphomandra clade includes several species of shrubs and small trees native to Central and South America and bears a broad
variation in the repetitive fraction of its genomes,
Cyphomandra genome sizes mean=10.71 pg, range
6.80-24.80 pg (Solanum genome sizes mean = 1.40
pg, range 0.60-24.8 pg). So, considering this variationin genomic sizes, in this project, we are searching forcorrelations between the physical nuclear organization of their chromatin and influences on the evolutionof the species in this clade.

P.1276 Repetitive DNA in
the Cyphomandra clade(Solanum, Solanaceae)
M.A. Sader1,*, M. Vaio2, J.D. Urdampilleta1,**
1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina, 2 Laboratorio de Evolución y Domesticaciónde las Plantas, Departamento de Biología Vegetal,
Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. * msader@imbiv.unc.
edu.ar, **jurdampilleta@imbiv.unc.edu.ar

The genus Solanum is quite diverse, containing awide range of species including important crops liketomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants, as well as many
wild species. The Cyphomandra clade is a group within the Solanum (Solanaceae), commonly known as
the nightshade family. One of the most well-known
members of this clade is S. betaceum (tree tomato or
tamarillo). Members of the Cyphomandra are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions and theirfruits are generally edible and used in culinary applications. Genome sizes (GS) within Solanum can varysignificantly and Cyphomandra has giant genomes(Solanum GS mean=1.40pg, range 0.60-24.8pg, andCyphomandra GS mean=10.71pg, range 6.80-24.80pg)
compared to its cultivated relatives: tomato (S. lycopersicum, 950Mb), potato (S. tuberosum, 844 Mb) andeggplant (S. melongena, 1,120 Mb). Giant genomes
are characterized by often containing a high number of repetitive sequences and non-coding DNA. To
understand and characterize the repetitive fraction,
we sequenced DNA from four species (S. betaceum,
S. glaucophyllum, S. confusum, S. stuckertii) using low
coverage (0.1×). We also estimated the genome size,
performed a clustering analysis, and mapped themost abundant repeats using FISH. The estimated GS
were 12.5pg, 17.3pg, 21.7pg and 23pg for S. glaucophyllum, S. stuckertii, S.confusum, and S. betaceum respectively. The repetitive fraction constitutes 54%, 53%, 63%,
and 76% of the genome respectively, with the Ty3/gypsy-Tekay retrotransposon being the most abundant
except in S. glaucophyllum (Ty3/gypsy-Ogre). Furthermore, we identified four distinct satellite DNA families in
S. confusum, S. stuckertii and S. betaceum, with 0.45%,
1.93%, and 0.85% of repetitive fraction respectively, and9 families in S. glaucophyllum (1.52%). We observedthat in the species exists an accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences, especially retrotransposons, anddifferent satellite families, confirming that these genomes are highly dynamic in their repetitive fraction.

P.1277 Solanaceae:
trichome morphology andthe acyl-sugar pathway,
associations between gene
expression and form

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Gina P. Sierra-Reyes1, Federico RodaFornaguera1
1 Max Planck Tandem Groups. Universidad Nacionalde Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.

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Acyl sugars (ASs) are defense metabolites typicallyfound in species with glandular trichomes. They holdgreat potential as natural pesticides that can enhance
adaptability and crop productivity. ASs have a relatively
short pathway and few constituents: sugar cores andacyl chains. However, they exhibit a vast diversity andvariability within and across species. ASATs are the most
crucial enzymes in creating diversity in the ASs pathway. These metabolites have been primarily studied in
the Solanaceae family. Specifically, type I/IV trichomes
in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) produce ASs. Nevertheless, ASs have been detected in other species withdifferent trichome types. Despite the implicit associations between the morphology of trichomes and theacyl-sugar pathway, the relationship between themhas not been tested across species. We have analyzed
the transcriptomes of leaf and trichome fraction from10 species from Solanum, and of leaves from 34 species of Solanaceae, which vary between simple, simple
glandular, stellate, and stellate glandular trichomes.
Through differential gene expression analysis, we foundthat there is not a perfect match between glandular trichomes and ASATs. This is the case in some Capsicum,
Jaltomata, Lycianthes and Solanum species which did
not present glandular trichomes but expressed ASATs.
However, there is a tendency to find ASATs in glandular
trichomes, for both simple and stellate trichomes. ASATs
and trichome types do not seem to be correlated, butsome ASATs were more associated with certain genera (Solanum, Brugmansia and the tribe Physalideae).
ASAT4 appears to be present in both glandular andnon-glandular trichomes. Using enrichment analysis,
we found some possible new enzymes that modified
the sugar core of acyl-sugars, belonging to the transferase and glycosyltransferase terms. In the future, we
aim to link genes from the acyl-sugar pathway withmorphogenic genes of trichomes to better understandtheir relationship.

Plants lack a mobile immune system, therefore theymust recognize pathogens and deploy defence responses at a cell-autonomous level. This strategy engages resistance genes (R-genes). Some R-genes
are dedicated to pathogen perception, while others
are dedicated to executing the resistance response. In
many cases, the resistance response results in a macroscopic region of cell death, called the hypersensitive
response. We evaluated the expression levels of resistance genes within and between species of tomato.
Within Solanum lycopersicum, a subset of resistancegenes is constitutively expressed at low to moderatelevels: these genes were defined as “core R-genes”.
Two core R-gene groups were conserved across species, suggesting a crucial role in plant defence. Notably,
one of these genes is homologous to the ZAR1 gene in
Arabidopsis thaliana. The ZAR1 protein forms a pentameric structure upon pathogen detection. This structure
is known as the resistosome and functions as a calcium channel, promoting cell death. Another class ofresistance genes, including 3 NRCs, appear to function
like ZAR1, but emerged more recently, after the division
between Rosids and Asterids. Our findings indicate thatcertain core R-genes are retained over evolutionarily
long periods of time and may perform similar or related
functions in plant defence. In our poster, we will present
data detailing the rate of evolution and patterns of protein substitution observed in these core R-genes within
and between groups of Solanum.

P.1278 Evolutionary
conservation and functionalsignificance of NLRs in
Solanum: insights into plant
immune responses
Giuseppe Trotta1,2, Laura A.
Randarevitch1,3, Laura E. Rose1,2, 3
1 Institute for Population Genetics, Heinrich Heine
University, Düsseldorf, Germany. 2 iGRAD-Plant. 3
Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS),
Germany.

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S.143. SPATIAL MODELLING OF PLANT NICHESAND DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE ANTHROPOCENE
P.1279 Patterns of floristic
inventory and plantcollections in Myanmar
Thant Sin Aung1,2, Alice C. Hughes3, Phyo Kay
Khine4, Bo Liu5, Xiao-Li Shen1, Ke-Ping Ma1,2
1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 2 University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 3 University ofHong Kong Department of Ecology and Biodiversity:
The University of Hong Kong School of Biological Sciences, China. 4 Center for Integrative Conservation,
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China. 5
Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
Myanmar is one of the most biodiverse countries in
the Asia-Pacific region, because of a wide range ofclimate and environmental heterogeneity. Floristic
diversity in Myanmar is largely unknown resulting in alack of comprehensive conservation plans. We developed a database of higher plants in Myanmar derived
from herbarium specimens and literature sources,
and analyzed patterns of diversity inventories and collection inconsistencies, aiming to provide a baseline
floristic data of Myanmar and act as a guide for future research efforts. We collected 1,329,354 records of
16,218 taxa. Results show that the collection densities
at the township level were variable and 5% of townships had no floristic collections. The collection density was lowest (1.3%) in the Kayah-Karen Montane
Rain Forests, which covered 8 % of Myanmar’s total
area and no ecoregion averaged greater than one
specimen/km2. The highest sampling densities were
found in the Mandalay Region, Chin State, and Yangon Region. Despite the past three centuries of floristic collections, knowledge of the distribution of thevast majority of plant taxa is still limited, particularly for
gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes. Morebotanical surveys and further analysis are needed tofill floristic-knowledge gaps to represent Myanmar’s
diversity. An important strategy to promote knowledgeof the biodiversity patterns in Myanmar is to improvethe collection and digitalization of specimens and tostrengthen cooperation among countries.

P.1280 Assessing
vulnerability to climatechange of the Atractylis
species in the CanaryIslands
Víctor Bello-Rodríguez1, Juan José
García-Alvarado1, Jonay Cubas1, Jorge
Rey Medina1, Juana María GonzálezMancebo1
1 Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología
Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, España
Climate change is significantly altering species
distribution and abundance, posing a particularthreat to endangered species which are characterized by their scarcity. An example of this are Atractylis preauxiana and Atractylis arbuscula, twoendangered endemics from the coastal scrublands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, and Gran
Canaria and Lanzarote respectively. In this study
we assess their vulnerability to climate change
following the methods proposed by (González
Mancebo et al., (2023), which consider several factors such as seed production, invasive herbivore
impact and species distribution models undercurrent (1990-2019) and future (RCP 8.5 2041-2060
and 2061-2080) scenarios. Models predict potential area losses greater than 50% in all cases, withnotable differences between islands for the same
species. Their halophilic nature limits the possibilities of migration to higher altitudes, but models predict the persistence of some populations.
Thus, among the main results is the recommendation of coastal areas to restore on each of theislands. However, both species have restrictions on
their adaptive capacity. Both are very palatable
to invasive herbivores such as the European rabbit, and although they can have moderate seedproduction, droughts significantly reduce productivity, even causing the mortality of juveniles andadults. The results also show the need for effective
control of the European rabbit and the restorationof the biodiversity of accompanying species that
could also persist in future scenarios.

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P.1281 Updated global maps
for the oak (Quercus spp.)
sections
Kristel van Zuijlen1, Jan Borgelt2, Thomas
Denk1
1 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,
Sweden. 2 Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
The more than 400 species of oaks (Quercus L.,
Fagaceae) are organized in two subgenera, Cerris and Quercus, which in turn are categorized ineight different sections: Cyclobalanopsis, Cerris,Ilex, Lobatae, Protobalanus, Ponticae, Virentes
and Quercus. With the recently updated oak phylogeny, we are able to provide updated maps
and climate envelopes for each of the sections.
We utilized open-access data on species’ native ranges in conjunction with geographic occurrence records to extract relevant bioclimatic variables and generated species distribution
models (SDMs) for each species. Here, we present
these distribution maps and explore their implications for forest management practices, focusing on risk assessment and the development ofsustainable afforestation strategies amid global
climate change.

P.1282 Spatial risk
modelling of plantinvasions: application in
Mediterranean sea cliffs
with endemic species

one of the objectives of LIFE medCLIFFS (see below)
involves the application of “Riskmapr”, a tool originally developed and tested by Froese et al. (2019) thatwas designed to map the risk of invasion of an alien
species, enabling a rapid response against plant invasions. The method considers that habitat suitability (i.e., invasion risk without considering propagulepressure) and habitat susceptibility (i.e., invasion risk
considering propagule pressure) are influenced byrisk factors that reflect the environmental and biological conditions needed for the invasive species togrow and spread. LIFE medCLIFFS is a five-year project (2021-2026) co-funded by the LIFE Programmeof the European Union, with the aim of enhancing
the management of invasive plant species in coastal areas while providing exportable models for similar projects seeking to manage plant invasions in
Mediterranean regions. The project focuses on the
habitat of community interest “Vegetated Mediterranean Sea cliffs with endemic Limonium spp.”(HCI 1240), specifically targeting the Costa Brava(NE Spain). This region is one of the most heavily impacted by invasive plant species along the Spanish coastline. In the initial phase, the project focuseson invasive Opuntia ficus-indica, Carpobrotus spp.,
and Gazania rigens affecting the Cap de Creus Natural Park and its surrounding areas. The obtainedrisk maps—by means of the “Riskmapr” tool—will beoverlaid with the distribution areas of endemic andthreatened species (Limonium geronense, L. tremolsii, and Seseli farrenyi) to improve management
practices in the natural park.

P.1283 Biogeographical andclimatic change impact
analysis on priority species
in Sierra de las Nieves
National Park (Málaga,
Spain)

Bosch-Guiu, A.*1, Rodríguez-González, R.1,
Nualart, N.1, Gómez-Bellver, C.1, Ibáñez, N.1,
García, S.1, Melero, R.1, Vitales, D.1, LópezPujol, J.1

Camacho-Romero, Miguel1, CasimiroSoriguer Solanas, Federico1, HidalgoTriana, Noelia1

1 Botanical Institute of Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB,
Barcelona, Spain. *arnau.bosch@csic.es.
The use of spatial risk models is a valuable tool for
predicting the likelihood of invasive plant species tospread, establish, and persist in the environment.
This predictive approach identifies priority areas
with a higher risk of invasion, aiding land managers
to make better decisions on prevention, early eradication, or containment interventions. In line with this,

1 University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
Sierra de las Nieves National Park (SNNP), locatedat the south-western border of the Baetic Range,
represents one of Iberian´s region with the greatest
number of ecosystems and species of interest. The
factors that explain such biodiversity are: historical655

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relevance as a glacial refuge area in a Mediterranean region; a high altitude with the representationof the thermo- to oro-Mediterranean thermotypes;
and its unique high diversity of lithologies, especially, given the presence of serpentine rocks highlight.
In our study, the Favourability Function was used
to analyse possible factors such as climate, lithology and topography that may be explain which
are the areas of establishment of several taxa ofinterest for conservation or priority species within
the boundaries of the SNNP, as well as to predictthe possible impact of climate change (CC) on the
distribution patterns of those species within the
SNNP. The results showed that, according to thefactors considered, more than 75% of the studied
taxa have their distribution patterns affected by theclimatic variables present within the boundaries of
the SNNP, being the aridity index the most frequent.
This highlights the relevance and the necessity ofpredicting the effects of CC, in the coming years,
inside this National Park in order to be able to establish management and conservation measures.

P.1284 Niche modeling ofHelichrysum (Compositae)
under future climate change
scenarios in the African skyislands
Elvira Castillo-Almansa1, Rubén G.
Mateo1,2, Mercè Galbany-Casals3, Carme
Blanco-Gavaldà3, Lucía D. Moreyra4,
Cristina Roquet3, Christian Brochmann5,
Abel Gizaw5, Desalegn Chala5, AlfonsoSusanna4, Juan A. Calleja1,2
1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 3. Systematics and Evolution of Vascular
Plants—Associated Unit to CSIC, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. 4. Instituto Botánico de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain. 5. Natural
History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

and peaks of East Africa (2,000 – 5,895 m) form
isolated high-altitude archipelagos (sky-islands)
with distinct climatic features. The total area is verysmall if compared to other ecosystems, but they
host an extraordinary biological uniqueness especially concentrated in the highest vegetation belts:
the Afromontane Region (ca. 1,000 – 3,200 m) which
encompasses high mountain forests up to the treeline, and the Afroalpine Region (ca. > 3,200 m) which
comprises shrublands and grasslands with sometaxa exhibiting gigantism. The genus Helichrysum(ca. 600 spp.) exhibits notable diversity in Africa(ca. 300 spp.). Different Helichrysum lineages haverepeatedly colonized the East African sky-islands,
leading to the diversification of Afromontane (ca.
60) and Afroalpine (ca. 12) species, many of which
are endemic. Recent research has unravelled theevolutionary and biogeographic origins of theselineages, but the vulnerability of these species toongoing climate change remains poorly understood. This study focuses on six Afromontane andnine Afroalpine Helichrysum species. Through the
integration of three statistical algorithms (generalized linear models, boosted regression trees andrandom forest), we generate consensus models to
depict their current climatic niche and project their
spatial evolution under different future climate scenarios. This effort contributes to our understandingof their vulnerability to climate change. Additionally, it provides insights into the broader impact ofclimate change on the Helichrysum lineage pooland the vulnerability of the unique sky-island archipelagos of Africa.

P.1285 Species distribution
modeling of Ligularia
sibirica and L. glauca inchanging climates

The current biodiversity crisis is driven by multiple
factors and one that is gaining relevance is climatechange. Extensive research has been conductedon the impact of climate pattern alterations on
species across diverse ecosystems. However, East
African mountain systems, despite their uniquecharacteristics, remain understudied. The plateaux656

Alina G. Cîșlariu1, Dragoș Ș. Măntoiu2,
Emanuel Ș. Baltag3, Iulian Gherghel4,
Ciprian C. Mânzu5
1 Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty ofBiology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
2 Wilderness Research and Consultancy, Bucharest,
Romania. 3 Marine Biological Station Prof. Dr. Ioan
Borcea, Agigea, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University ofIași, Iași, Romania. 4 Department of Exact Sciences
and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Iași,Romania. 5 Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iași, Iași, Romania.

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Ligularia genus has originated in the eastern Palearctic Region and currently has over 120 species. Only
two of these species, Ligularia sibirica and L. glauca have managed to naturally colonise the Western Palearctic regions through a series of dispersion
events. However, the potential routes and timing ofthese events remain unclear. This study aims to identify potential dispersal corridors from East to West
Palearctic for Ligularia sibirica and L. glauca, alongwith determining the timing of these events, using theavailable historical bioclimatic datasets. Ensemble
Species Distribution models were employed to project suitable areas under the current conditions, using
bioclimatic variables. These models were then projected onto past climatic conditions (Late Holocene,
Mid Holocene, Early Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum,
and the last Interglacial period) to recreate potential
suitable habitats, taking into account the current ecological niche. Potential dispersal corridors were identified by merging the least cost paths for all climatic
periods. The analyses were performed using ArcGIS
and R software. Our findings suggest both species
may have colonised Europe prior to the Last Interglacial period. Notably, Ligularia sibirica appears to havethrived during colder and more humid climates, facilitating connectivity through the Ural Mountains. In
the case of L. glauca, a potential corridor to Europe
appears to have existed through a southern passage(south of the Caspian Sea) across the plains north of
the Black Sea. The post-glacial trajectory of L. sibirica
in Europe can be explained by re-establishing connections with Asian populations and through relict
populations. Conversely, the post-glacial evolution of
L. glauca appears to have led to a concentration in
populations in the plains of western and central Asia,
while European populations remained isolated. The
study provides valuable information for establishingeffective conservation and management strategies,
particularly in the context of changing climatic conditions.

P.1286 From Sisyrinchium
to grasslands: Urgency inprotecting Brazil’s forgotten
grassland ecosystems

Neotropical grasslands are often overlooked interms of conservation, particularly in Brazil, despite
the presence of diverse grassland types representing biodiversity hotspots. Within these environments, especially in the campos sulinos, the genus Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) is well-represented,
hosting some endemic species. Nevertheless, theconservation of species within this genus remains
underexplored. Our main objective is to evaluate
the adequacy of Brazilian conservation areas forthe current and future occurrence range of two Sisyrinchium species: S. plicatulum Ravenna and S.
weirii Baker. The selection of these two species isbased on their distinct morphological groups within the genus and their widespread distribution in
Brazil, allowing for broader coverage. Ecologicalniche models (ENM) were developed using an ensemble approach for both species, with projectionsfor 2050 and 2070 employing the widely adopted
MIROC6circulation model. Two emissions scenarios(SSP126 - low emissions, SSP585 - high emissions)were considered, highlighting potential variations.
Projections were overlaid onto maps containing
all Brazilian conservation areas. The projections
indicate a decline in suitable habitats for the two
species, particularly under more pessimistic scenarios, especially S. weirii. Our findings underscorethe inadequate coverage of protected areas forboth S. plicatulum and S. weirii in all scenarios. The
disparity between current and future projections
emphasizes the urgent need to expand protectedareas, encompassing a larger territory to ensure
the preservation of Sisyrinchium. Critical investigations are required to propose new protected areas,
especially in campos sulinos, to secure lineage
preservation. Our study offers valuable insights into
Sisyrinchium conservation in Brazil and the grasslands of the South and Southeast. We emphasize
the importance of these environments, which is reinforced by studies emphasizing their urgent needfor conservation. We emphasize the vital role ofcurrent Brazilian protected areas for Sisyrinchiumconservation.

P.1287 Impacts of climatechange on floristic regions

Dani J. G.1, Esser L. F.2, Souza-Chies, T. T.1
1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 2
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais da Universidade
Estadual de Maringá, Brazil.

657

Samuel Minev-Benzecry1, Barnabas H.
Daru1
1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

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Poster presentations

Biogeographic regions reflect the organization of
biotas over long evolutionary timescales but facealterations from recent anthropogenic climatechange. Here, we model species distributions forplant species under present and future climatesand use this data to generate floristic regions basedon phylogenetic dissimilarity. We found declines inphylogenetic beta diversity, leading to a future homogenization of floristic regions. While some biogeographic boundaries will persist, climate change
will alter deeper boundaries. Such boundary alterations will track areas that experienced past climate
velocities, and sharp transitions in precipitation seasonality and elevation. Our findings suggest thathuman activities may now surpass the geologicalforces that shaped floristic regions over millions ofyears, calling for the mitigation of climate impacts
to meet international biodiversity targets.

P.1288 Spatial phylogeneticof the native flora in theSouthern Cone of SouthAmerica
Lone Aagesen , Diego Salariato , Amalia
Scataglini1, Juan Acosta1, Renée H.
Fortunato1, 2
1

1

1 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET-ANCEFN), San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2 Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias
Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Morón,
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Inspired by large scale studies from all over theworld, researches at the Darwinion Botanical Institute are currently assembling spatial and phylogenetic datasets, aiming to analyze the distribution of the native Southern Cone vascular flora
in a phylogenetic context. Working at genericlevel, we will explore several diversity metrics andrandomization tests within the framework of Phylogenetic Diversity. We aim to identify which areas contain the largest amount of vascular plant
evolution, which areas contain the oldest lineages and where new ones are evolving. However,
the history of individual plant families inevitably
gets lost, when the big picture of spatial phylogenetic diversity patterns is assembled for all
vascular plants. We therefor plan to analyze selected families such as Poaceae, Fabaceae, andAsteraceae on their own, because of their uniqueevolutions within different timeframes and/orin distinct ecoregions of the Southern Cone. We
have recently concluded the analysis of the grassfamily. Grasses appear to have been present inSouth America since its early evolution as tropical understory species more than 60 My years
ago. We found that tropical humid regions holdthe highest phylogenetic diversity with no observed bias in branch lengths, indicating thatniche conservatism dominates the diversity pattern of grasses in the Southern Cone. We foundsignificantly low phylogenetic diversity in the Arid
Chaco and in the Patagonian Steppe, which suggest ecological filtering in both warm and cold
arid regions. The Patagonian Steppe also holds
significantly longer branches than expected bychance, as the native grass flora is mainly composed of distantly related Pooideae genera witha northern hemisphere origin. Short branches arefound in the Uruguayan Savanna suggesting thatthese grasslands could be a cradle for grass diversity within the Southern Cone. We are currently
assembling the data for Legumes that appear totell a different history.

P.1289 Landscapeconnectivity of Spain’s main
vegetation formations:current and future
perspectives
Sergio González1, Teresa Goicolea2, Juan
Ignacio García-Viñas1, Aitor Gastón1,
Rubén G. Mateo2
1 ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Landscape connectivity of ecosystems plays a criticalrole in maintaining biodiversity and facilitating species
movement, especially in the face of environmental
changes. This study focuses on assessing the current
and future landscape connectivity of Spain’s 12 main
vegetation formations, considering both their current distributions and potential future scenarios. We
integrate hierarchical species distribution models to
predict the distribution of key species and utilize dynamic least cost path connectivity models to analyze
current and projected future connectivity. Our analysis accounts for the main dispersal vector for eachspecies, the influence of the landscape matrix and658

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the dispersal capacity of species on connectivity patterns to provide a comprehensive understanding of
how landscape features and species traits interact toshape connectivity across different vegetation formations. We assess the current state of landscape connectivity and project potential changes under futureclimate scenarios. This approach enables us to identify critical corridors and barriers to species movement
within and between vegetation formations, aiding in
the development of effective conservation strategies
and land management practices.

P.1290 Invasion history
and invasive potential of
Kalanchoe ×houghtonii
and its parental species(K. daigremontiana, K.
tubiflora)

graphic pattern of their worldwide distribution, (2)trace their spatial and temporal colonization history,(3) predict their potential distribution through Ecological Niche Modelling to different scenarios of climatechange, (4) compare their ecological niches and (5)classify their invasive risk through the IUCN’s Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT).

P.1291 Modelling thepotential area of occupancyof habitat types at abiogeographical scale
Jorge González Le Barbier1, José V. RocesDíaz1, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro1
1 Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain.

Isaac Ojea-Jiménez1, Estefany
Goncalves2, Laura Mena1, Joan Pere
Pascual-Díaz1, Mònica Utjés1, Neus
Nualart1, Jordi López-Pujol1, 3
1 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga,
Spain. 3 Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Equador.
Invasive alien species are considered one of themain threats to global biodiversity, and ornamental
horticulture has become one of the main introduction pathways of alien species. A paradigmatic example is that of the so-called “mother of thousands”,
Kalanchoe ×houghtonii D.B. Ward, a hybrid that until
recently was thought to be exclusively the result of
the artificial crossing between K. daigremontiana
Raym.-Halmet & H. Perrier and K. tubiflora Eckl. & Zeyh.
The two parental species are native to Madagascar
but have become established, as the hybrid, in several regions worldwide. The three taxa have been reported as invasive in several parts of the world, particularly in dry or relatively dry subtropical regions(e.g., Mediterranean Basin, Australia, southern US and
Mexico, southern China), given to their very extended
use as ornamental (and medicinal) plants and also
because of their vigorous asexual reproduction (bymeans of bulbils that are formed in the leaf margins).
With the main objective of analyzing which of thesetaxa shows the highest invasive potential, we haveproceeded for each of them to: (1) explore the geo-

Understanding the distribution of ecosystems in large
geographic areas is essential for biodiversity conservation. In Europe, ecosystem assessments are basedon the EUNIS habitat classification, a hierarchical system based on the relative dominance of plant species in functional or ecological habitat types. In thisstudy, we use a vegetation database linked to the
EUNIS classification to model the potential area of occupancy of habitat types in the Ibero-Atlantic biogeographic region of northern Spain. Our main aim wasto evaluate the role of climatic and edaphic drivers in
the distribution of habitat types related to forest, shrubland and grassland ecosystems. We also evaluatedwhether early- and late-successional habitats differed in their ecological drivers within the study area.
We computed distribution models based on habitat occurrences using multiple edaphic and climatic
predictors. The models were computed with Random
Forest (RF) using geographically stratified cross-validation, after preliminary tests with Generalized Linear
Models (GLM), Generalized Additive Models (GAM) andGradient Boosting Models (GBM). Our results detected the minimum temperature of the coldest monthas the most important driver in most habitat types, inagreement with the regional climatic gradient ranging
from warm temperate coastal areas to high mountainecosystems. The models computed for late-successional habitats outperformed the early-successional
ones (ROC-based AUC = 0.86 and 0.75, respectively).
We also found meaningful correlations between habitat types which are generally expected to be linked insuccessional stages. Our results suggest that correlative models based on the occurrence of ecosystem or
habitat types are useful to understand spatial patterns

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Poster presentationsof biodiversity and to test hypothesis about the climatic drivers of early- and late-successional habitats.
Modelling the potential area of occupancy of habitat
types is also a preliminary step for downscaling higher-resolution models based on remote sensing.

P.1292 From the present to the
future: bioclimatic mapping
and projections in the UnitedStates and Puerto RicoP.1293 Future prospectsof the conservation ofendangered vascular plants
amidst climate change in
the Iberian Peninsula
Heiko Hentschel1, Jennifer MoralesBarbero1, Rubén G. Mateo1,2
1 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Centro de investigación en Biodiversidad
y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Alejandro González-Pérez1, Norma Y. OchoaRamos1, Ángel Penas1 Sara del Río González2
1 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany Area). Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences. University of Leon, León, Spain.
2 Department of Biodiversity and Environmental
Management (Botany Area). Faculty of Biological andEnvironmental Sciences, University of Leon, MountainLivestock Institute CSIC-UNILEON, León, Spain.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) projections for the end of the century stated that global average temperatures over the period 2081-2100 are likely to be 1.5°C higher than the
pre-industrial values in pessimistic scenarios RCP4.5
and RCP8.5. Climate variables such as temperatureand precipitation, alongside factors like sea level are
disturbed by global warming in the United States. In
some areas, droughts are more frequent and severe, whereas others experience more torrential rains
and floods. Bioclimatology, the study of the relationship between climate and living organisms, plays acrucial role in understanding and mitigating the impact of climate change on ecosystems and humanhealth. The objective of this research was to design
the current bioclimatic map (1979-2018) for the United States and Puerto Rico, following the methodology of Rivas-Martínez. Moreover, we projected futurechanges with CMIP6 (GFDL-ESM4; IPSL-CM6A-LR; MPIESM1-2-HR; MRI-ESM2-0; UKESM1-0-LL) atmosphericcirculation models for the temporary horizon 20412070 and 2071-2100, and for three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 2.6; 7.0 and 8.5) data available
in the CHELSA database. For this purpose, we applied
Boolean logic and map algebra in ArcGISPro. The results were presented in maps and show a wide rangeof bioclimatic units, thermotypes, ambrotypes, continentality, and variants. Future projection outcomes
revealed in general an increase in both lower levelsof thermotypes and ombrotypes. The changes compared were detailed in this study.

Climate change poses a significant challenge toplant biodiversity, affecting it from chorological,
phenological, and physiological perspectives.
However, the effects of this threat remains poorly
understood for threatened Iberian flora. The potential impacts of climate change on the chorology of threatened Iberian plant species remain
unknown, with earlier studies such as Felicísimo etal. (2011) being outdated. Additionally, the effects
of climate change on conservation measures
for these taxa, particularly concerning the conservation objectives of Natural Protected Areas(NPAs), are not well understood. This study aims
to assess the vulnerability of threatened flora toclimate change and evaluate the effectivenessof the current NPAs as conservation tools in futureclimate change scenarios. For this purpose, wedeveloped species distribution models (SDMs) for
51 different taxa, considering climatic and edaphic variables, using an ensemble forecasting modelling technique. The SDMs for the future climatechange scenarios were projected considering two
different representative concentration pathway(4.5 and 8.5), two general circulation models (MITand HadGEM2) and two-time horizons (2050 and2070). The results of this work have the potential toidentify priority taxa for conservation efforts andserve as a guide in planning conservation measures considering climate change factors. The
SDMs could be used in the search for new populations of the studied taxa.
References: Felicísimo, Á. M. et al. 2011. Impactos,
vulnerabilidad y adaptación al cambio climático de la biodiversidad española. 2. Flora y vegetación. Oficina Española de Cambio Climático,
Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Madrid.

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P.1294 Crop wild relatives
and the role of herbaria in
future food crop security
Makenzie E. Mabry1, Tori M. Ford1, Jonathan
Barz1, Sebastian Fernandez1, Tyler Radtke1,
Douglas E. Soltis1,2, Pamela S. Soltis1
1 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of
Florida, Gainesville, USA. 2 Department of Biology,
University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Although Nicolai Vavilov recognized the potential ofcrop wild relatives (CWR) in the early 1900s, with theadvent of genome editing techniques like CRISPR, scientists worldwide are now able to fully leverage thepotential of CWRs as a source of diversity for cultivated populations. With global crop production facing increasing threats from climate change, plant biologists
are tasked with finding ways to continue productionof crops that can withstand changes to environmental conditions and to increase production to supply a
growing population. CWRs provide a source of diversitythat can be used to meet these demands. While there
are concerted efforts to increase collections of CWRs
in germplasms, herbaria have been an overlooked
resource. Additionally, many herbarium records now
have digital equivalents which can be used to address large research questions. Occurrence records
from iDigBio and the Global Biodiversity Information
Facility (GBIF) repositories were downloaded for CWRs
of several important crop species. Following data
cleaning, we performed ecological niche modeling todetermine global niche suitability for both current andfuture climate scenarios. We hope this study highlights
the important role of herbaria in future crop breeding
efforts, especially in the face of climate change.

P.1295 Plant facilitation
increases climatic
disequilibrium across a
broad geographic gradientthe extinction of certain species within the community, especially those that are already at theirenvironmental tolerance limits, either at their distribution edge or ecological niche limit. We might expect, therefore, that there is a relationship between
climatic suitability or niche-derived indices and thesurvival and/or resilience of populations being affected by these environmental changes. However,this relationship is not entirely clear in some communities because other non-abiotic factors, suchas plant-plant interactions or plant-soil community
interactions, may modulate the response of these
species to adverse conditions induced by climatechange. Indeed, in semi-arid or dry temperate environments, plant-plant interactions can be beneficial for certain species within the community. Some
species can generate changes in microclimate
and the pedosphere, enabling other species to live
in conditions they couldn’t inhabit otherwise. This
type of positive interactions is called facilitation.
In this way, positive interaction -facilitation- canprovoke a climatic disequilibrium in the community of recruits and saplings. We hypothesize that
recruits that grow beneath adult canopies (nurse
canopies) are more able to persist even if they are
far from their climatic optima, while recruits andsaplings in open areas - without facilitation - tend
to be closer to their climatic optima. Here, we test
whether facilitation can mitigate climatic stress induced by climate change. More specifically, we test
if the species that benefit from facilitation exhibit
more climatic disequilibrium compared to others
that live outside the nurse canopy effect-gap. Our
primary results shown that facilitation may mitigate
climatic change induced extinctions. Facilitation
generated below-canopy climatic disequilibrated
community and further, they can maintain morediverse species community in comparison with theopen community.

P.1296 Enhancing plant
atlases completenessthrough graph analysis tool

Jordi Margalef-Marrase1, Jorge PrietoRubio1, Miguel Verdú del Campo1
1 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación,
CSIC, Montcada, Spain.
Climate change is increasing stress on many plant
populations due to changes in abiotic conditions.
Locally, these environmental changes can lead to661

Jennifer Morales-Barbero1, Herlander
Lima2, Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz1, 3, Ignacio
Ramos1, Rubén G. Mateo1, 3, Miguel Á.
Rodríguez2
1 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 GloCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution
Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Al-

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calá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain. 3 Centro de investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Biodiversity atlases are crucial for both fundamental and applied research, including ecology,
biogeography and biodiversity conservation. Despite their significance, most biodiversity datasets are incomplete, limiting what can be learned
from them, hindering progress in ecology andevolutionary research, and compromising biodiversity conservation strategies and resources.
Assessing and understanding the spatial distribution and extent of knowledge gaps in biodiversity datasets is pivotal for guiding effective future sampling efforts. To tackle this challenge, we
present how novel graph analysis tools—a robust
yet underexplored approach in ecology—can effectively predict and identify missing information
within biodiversity inventories. When treating a
multi-species distribution dataset as a bipartite
graph of species by sites, graph reconstruction
algorithms have the ability to estimate the probability of species and sites being linked based on
their membership in specific “communities”, facilitating the identification of potential unrecorded species presences at specific sites. Amongst
the myriad of algorithms devised for network reconstruction and link prediction, the Hierarchical
Stochastic Block Models (HSBM) stands up for its
statistical rigor and proven effectiveness. Applying HSBM (implemented in the recent R’s hsbm
package) to the Atlas of the Vascular Flora of the
Iberian Peninsula biodiversity hotspot (AFLIBER),
our methodology reveals specific areas with under-sampled plant species (areas with a higher
likelihood of harboring unrecorded species), particularly in mountainous regions and the eastern
Iberian Peninsula. These findings can guide prioritization of future data collection efforts, improving AFLIBER’s completeness and enhancing ourunderstanding of plant biodiversity in the Iberian
Peninsula. Future perspectives involve expanding
this methodology to other biodiversity datasets
and atlases, integrating it into broader conservation and management frameworks.

P.1297 Impact of climate
and land use change on
the distribution of orchids inEstonia
Davide Nepote Valentin1, Chiara
Richiardi1,2, Martino Adamo1,3, Stefano
Mammola3,4, Tiiu Kull5
1 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology,
University of Torino, Torino, Italy. 2 Technology Laboratory for the Dynamics of Structures and Preventionof Seismic and Hydrogeological Risk, Bologna, Italy. 3
National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy. 4
Molecular Ecology Group, Water Research Institute,
National Research Council of Italy, Verbania Pallanza,
Italy. 5 Department of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
Terrestrial orchids are undergoing marked population declines worldwide, due to habitat loss andclimate change. In Europe, northward shifts in orchid distributions have been observed, suggesting
northern countries as refugia in the next decades.
Estonia is one of the orchid-richest countries innorthern Europe and can be regarded as a well
suited indicator of present and future impact ofclimate change on orchid distributions, despite
its populations are already declining. In this context, predicting species distributions under climate and land use change exposure can help us
implement effective conservation strategies. We
used species distribution modeling (SDM) to predict the distribution of 34 orchid species in Estonia. We used bioclimatic and land use variables
as environmental predictors, considering both climate predictions under fossil-fueled development
pathways and land use urban and agricultural expansion scenarios from present to 2100. Our results
indicate that the western Estonian islands andcoasts are the most suitable areas for orchid distributions, yielding the highest predicted species
diversity. However, western territories might also
be the most impacted by range losses for several orchid species. Wide expansions eastwards for
species growing preferentially on calcareous soils
are predicted. However, these shifts are unlikely tooccur due to a lack of calcareous soils connecting
western and eastern Estonia and due to dispersal
limitations, making it unrealistic for these orchids
to disperse over such large distances in a few
decades. As a result, western islands and coasts– currently the hotspot for calcicolous orchids inEstonia – might progressively become less suit-662

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able for several species. Additionally, wider range
losses are predicted for non-calcicolous orchids,
most of them with preference for woodlands or
wetlands and three of them at risk of disappearing
by 2060. Northern countries’ role as orchid refuges
might be not so straightforward, therefore further
conservation strategies are recommended.

P.1298 Poor georeferencing
overestimate species
potential distribution: theeffect of spatial uncertainty
in species distribution
modellinghigh data quality standards. For each database,the spatial uncertainty index was calculated, andan SDM was elaborated. Analysis focused on therelation between index value and SDMs suitability.
Spatial uncertainty index and SDM suitability presented big differences between databases. Index
value and suitability area were positively related.
Data with more uncertainty models bigger distribution area. The results highlight the importanceof georeferencing process for high quality spatial
data in species occurrences. Usage of deficiently georeferenced data produces overestimationof species distribution. This could lead to misinformed decision-making outcomes.
Acknowledgments: to Project Fondecyt 1211114

Renato Otárola1, Juan Reyes-Valentin1,
Sergio Estay2,3, Paulette I. Naulin1
1 Laboratorio Biología de Plantas, Universidad deChile, Santiago, Chile. 2 Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile,
Valdivia, Chile. 3 Center of Applied Ecology andSustainability), Pontificia Universidad Católica deChile, Santiago, Chile.
Data digitization, integration and sharing have exponentially increased data volume and availability, particularly in biodiversity sciences. However,this growth has raised concerns regarding potential “big errors,” such as data validity and accuracy. Ecological niche is a region inside a multidimensional space where various factors influencespecies development. Species distribution models(SDM) represent the geographic area where theenvironmental factors of the ecological niche of a
species are met. SDM have become a widely used
tool in various contexts, such as species conservation plans and guidelines, specimen sampling,
and prioritization for restoration areas. Biodiversity
data quality affects the usability of SDMs. Erroneous or incomplete georeferencing of data causes
spatial uncertainty of occurrence records, leading
to misrepresentation of the species distribution
after modelling process. The study purpose was toevaluate the differences between SDM suitability
for data with contrasting quality, using the Fabaceae tree Neltuma chilensis as a case study. Twodatabases were constructed. The first comprised
all the natural distribution occurrences containedin GBIF of the species. The second was the same
database, but with occurrences in Chile replacedby field data collected in the country following

P.1299 Exploring the futureof endangered epiphytic
moss: a climate and biotic
interaction perspective
Adrian Wysocki1, Sylwia Wierzcholska1,
Kamil Konowalik2, Jarosław Proćków1
1 Department of Plant Biology, Wrocław Universityof Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland. 2 Department of Botany and Plant Ecology,
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
Our research focusses on endangered epiphytic
moss Dicranum viride, a Natura 2000 species witha European conservation priority. We employedadvanced Species Distribution Modelling (SDM)
and niche dynamics techniques to investigate theintricate relationship between its potential distribution and the availability of specific phorophyte
species (living trees that serve as hosts for an epiphyte) in the context of future climate change.
We used the GFDL-ESM4 Earth system model inthe projections, which encompasses atmosphericand ecosystem dynamics, as well as ocean andland physics. The time span for our analysis extended from 2071 to 2100, allowing us to examine
long-term projections. Within this timeframe, we
considered three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. We implemented anovel SDM approach by incorporating biotic interactions (with preferred phorophyte species) into
the projections. To determine the impact of ourinnovative approach, we also made projections of
the species studied based solely on climate datafor comparisons. The predicted decline in the vast663

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majority of areas currently suitable for this endangered epiphyte is of great concern. Depending on
the scale of climate change induced by anthropogenic radiative forcing, the range of D. viride
may exhibit noticeable shifts toward the northern
regions of the European continent. Furthermore,
our analysis indicates that future refuges for thisspecies in central Europe may be limited only to its
mountainous regions. Our findings demonstratethat the inclusion of biotic interactions with phorophytes significantly enhances the performanceof distribution models compared to those that rely
solely on climatic data. This highlights the crucialrole of the availability of phorophytes in shaping
the potential distribution of epiphytic mosses, with
D. viride serving as a prime example. Furthermore,
we also emphasise the importance of incorporating biotic interactions into SDMs, rather than relying solely on climatic factors.

P.1300 Modelling thepresent potential habitat
distribution of the nearthreatened endemic species
Silene marizii: implications
for conservation.
Rubén Ramírez-Rodríguez1, João Rocha2,3,
Antonio L. Crespí2,4, Francisco Amich1
1 Evolution, Taxonomy and Conservation Group(ECOMED), Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
2 Herbarium, Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro,
Vila Real, Portugal. 3 Chemistry Center-Vila Real,
University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real,
Portugal. 4 Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences,
University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real,
Portugal. rubenrr2608@gmail.com
Species distribution models (SDMs) have been successfully used in spatial ecology, biodiversity conservation and environmental management. SDMs
are correlative models using species ocurrencesand environmental variables to understand how
the environment influences in the native distribution range of a target species. There are different
SDM algorithm methods, but Maxent is a machinelearning SDM algorithm that performs well in species with small sample size as rare and narrow endemic species, in which often presence-only data

are available (without absences). We selected asmodel species Silene marizii, a near threatened
endemic species distributed in the central-western Spain and north-western Portugal. The aims
were to: (i) model the current potential habitat
distribution; (ii) identify the main environmental
variables that determine its range of distribution; and (iii) suggest suitable areas for searching
new populations, prioritizing conservation areasand performing reintroduction and translocationsites, if necessary. A total of 90 occurrences wereused together with 34 predictors (23 bioclimatic,
7 edaphic and 4 topographic). The Maxent model performed well with a high predictive accuracy.
The predictors that most contributed to the model
were related to some aspects of the biology andecology of the species. Our results were robust
and the model had the sufficient predictive power
to be applied in conservation and management
proposes, such as searching for new populations
or identifying suitable areas for reintroductions
and translocations.

P.1301 Distribution changesof Pinus koraiensis in the
Quaternary: a case study
using a Species Distribution
Model
Takuto Shitara1
1 Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest
Products Research Institute, Japan.
Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc. (Korean pine) is
one of the dominant canopy tree species in thecool and cold temperate conifer and mixed conifer–broad-leaved forests in Northeast Asia (theAmur and Maritime provinces of the Russian Far
East, northeast China, the Korean Peninsula, andthe Japanese Archipelago). This species occurredin only a few montane areas of Japan, showing
present-day disjunct geographical distribution
patterns. In Japan, this species widely occurred
during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; approximately 22,000 years ago) and rapidly reduced
from most areas in response to global warming.
However, how and why post-LGM climate changes have influenced this distribution shift remains
controversial. I identified the climatic factors thathave influenced the distribution of P. koraiensis
and determined how paleoclimate change has664

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affected the distribution and development ofpresent-day species using a species distribution
model (SDM). Projected suitable habitats of thisspecies under the LGM showed broad distributionsin Japan expected Hokkaido. Furthermore, I identified that an increase in the minimum temperature in winter and precipitation in summer affected the retreat of their suitable habitats in Japan
post-LGM. On the other hand, the suitable habitats
expanded northward from the Korean peninsula
post-LGM. Differences in these distribution processes between Japan and mainland Northeast
Asia would have led to the formation of disjunctdistribution in the present.

P.1303 Ecological nichemodeling of 20 species of
medicinal plants from thestate of Hidalgo, Mexico

P.1302 Can species
distribution modellingrecreate the greening of the
Sahara?
Irene Solano Regadera1, Ignacio A.
Lazagabaster1,3, Chris D. Thomas2, Jakob
Bro-Jørgensen1
1 Department of Ecology and Behaviour, Universityof Liverpool, UK. 2 Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University
of York, UK. 3 Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre Evolución Humana CENIEH, Spain.
During the Holocene, a pronounced humid phaseoccurred in North Africa (12,000-5,000 BP), known as
the African Humid Period (AHP), which transformed
the Sahara into a vegetated region with diverse plantcommunities. The scarcity of fossil records and thechallenges in reproducing the AHP in paleoclimatic
simulations hinder the reconstruction of this Holocene Saharan environment. Some studies propose
that, aside from the African southern monsoon, additional moisture sources like Mediterranean winterrains contributed to increased precipitation during
the AHP. This study aims to reconstruct the Sahara’s
Holocene paleobotanical environment to establish
whether it was vegetated with both Mediterraneanand sub-Saharan communities, and thereby assess
the significance of southern monsoon versus Mediterranean winter rains in creating the AHP. In contrast
to previous research on the AHP, this study employs
Species Distribution Modelling, applying multiple algorithms and improved paleoclimatic simulation,
to hindcast the Holocene ranges of plant species inNorthern Africa using available evidence.

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Valdés-Vásquez I. F.1, Cuervo-Robayo
A.P.2, Monroy-Ata A.1, Defossez E.3,
Villaseñor J.L.4, Morrone J.J.5, Bye-Boettler
R.A.6, Calmé S.7, Osorio-Olvera L.O.8, ReyesChilpa R.9, De-Nova J.A.10, CouturierStéphane R.A.11, Ramírez-Barahona S.A.4,
Beltrán-Rodríguez L.A.12, Mas J.F.13, Yáñez
Arenas C.A.14, Aguilar-Contreras A.15,
Cristians-Niizawa S.6, Morales-Manilla
L.M.16, Bollo-Manent M.16 Heike-Vibrans L.17,
Torrescano-Valle N.18, Ortiz-Bermúdez
E.4, Estrada-Márquez A.S.4, EspinosaOrganista D.N.19, Santiago-Alvarado M.19,
Guevara-Fefer P.20
1 Unidad de Investigación en Ecología Vegetal,
FES Zaragoza Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. 2 Laboratorio Nacional
CONAHCYT de Biología del Cambio Climático,Instituto de Biología UNAM, México. 3 Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology,
University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
4 Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología UNAM, México. 5 Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM,
México. 6 Laboratorio de Etnobotánica, Jardín
Botánico IB UNAM, México. 7 Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. 8 Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología UNAM, México. 9
Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química UNAM, México. 10 Instituto deInvestigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México. 11 Laboratorio de Análisis Geoespacial, Instituto deGeografía UNAM, CDMX, México. 12 Laboratorio
de Etnobotánica Ecológica, IB UNAM, México. 13
Laboratorio de Análisis Espacial, ENES Morelia UNAM, Michoacán, México. 14 Laboratorio deEcología Geográfica, Unidad Académica Sisal,
ENES Mérida UNAM, Yucatán, México. 15 Unidad
de Investigación de Plantas Medicinales, Herbario Medicinal IMSS, México. 16 Laboratorio
Universitario de Drones, ENES Morelia UNAM, Michoacán, México. 17 Departamento de Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Universidad
Chapingo, Estado de México, México. 18 Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad,
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México. 19 Unidad de Investigación en Biogeografía y Conservación, FESXX International
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Zaragoza UNAM, México. 20 Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, México.
Mexico is the second country with the greatest diversity of medicinal plant species in the world after
China. We know remarkably little about how phytochemical diversity is distributed across the plant
kingdom and environment. The objective of thiswork was to analyze the ecological relationshipbetween phytochemical components of medicinal plants and climatic variables through ecological niche modeling of species present on a finescale, in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, is an areawith high floristic diversity. This was done basedon records of each species in international databases, to subsequently filter, purify, and clean withspatial data mining, to create thematic maps ofthe species at the state level, which belong to six
types of vegetation, from 400 registered species,
20 representative species were selected from thatarea in different ecoregions. In temperate andcool climate ecosystems, such as cloud forests,
native species of pteridoflora such as Pleopeltis polylepis (Polypodiaceae), Dryopteris filix-mas(Dryopteridaceae), an epiphyte Stanhopea tigrina(Orchidaceae); in the pine-oak forest are Montanoa tomentosa (Asteraceae) and Liquidambar
styraciflua (Altingiaceae) were selected; in thetropical forest are Passiflora exsudans (Passifloraceae), Tigridia azufrensis (Iridaceae), Tabernaemontana alba (Apocynaceae) and Agastache
mexicana (Lamiaceae); in arid and semiarid areas of xeric scrub, the endemic species native to
Mexico such as Agave salmiana (Agavaceae),
Ceratozamia latifolia (Zamiaceae), Echinocactus
platyacanthus and Myrtillocactus geometrizans(Cactaceae), Jatropha dioica (Euphorbiaceae),
Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae), Fouquieria splendens (Fouquieriaceae) and the state-endemic
epiphyte Tillandsia mauryana (Bromeliaceae); finally, in induced grassland was analyzed to Dysphania ambrosioides (Amaranthaceae), Yucca
filifera (Asparagaceae) and Castilleja tenuiflora (Orobanchaceae). The results were classified
according to the function of species, with spatial
analysis by botanical family and secondary phytochemicals. It’s concluded that species with anaffinity for a temperate and semi-arid climate
have a greater diversity of medicinal plants thanthose with a warm and humid climate.

P.1304 Tree species
abundance shifts are
influenced by functional
differences withincommunities
Albert Vilà-Cabrera1, Miriam BravoHernández1, Julen Astigarraga1, Cristina
Grajera-Antolín1, Susanne Suvanto2,
Thomas A.M. Pugh3,4, Miguel A. Zavala1,
Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert3, André
Thibaut5, Andrzej Talarczyk6, Leen
Govaere7, Emil Cienciala8, Georges
Kunstler9, Jonas Fridman10, Julien
Barrere9, Marta Rodríguez-Rey1, Mart-Jan
Schelhaas11, Sara Villén-Pérez1, Paloma
Ruiz-Benito1
1 Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. 2 Natural
Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.
3 University of Birminghan, Birmingham, UK. 4 Lund
University, Lund, Sweden. 5 Service Public de Wallonie, Jambes, Belgium. 6 Forest and Natural Resources Research Centre Foundation, Warsaw, Poland. 7 Nature and Forest Agency, Brussels, Belgium.
8 Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove,
Czech Republic. 9 Université Grenoble Alpes, INRAE,
Grenoble, France. 10 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. 11 Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Forest ecosystems are major C sinks of the terrestrial
biosphere, but climate- and land-use change strongly impact their structure and distribution. Therefore,
understanding the factors that regulate changes intree species abundances is essential to define mitigation and adaptation priorities. While the spatial variation in climate and forest stand development is wellknown to explain species abundance shifts over large
geographical areas, the contributing role of interspecific interactions remains unclear. Given that different
species tend to co-occur across their distributions,
it can be expected that species responses also depend on the identity and function of other species in
the community. Here we used National Forest Inventories across Europe to study how changes in tree
species abundances over large gradients of climate
and forest stand development depend on interspecific differences in key functional traits related to droughttolerance and resource use. We found that functional
differences within communities were consistently associated with species abundance shifts across for-666

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est types, climatic contexts, and stand development
stages. Our trait-based approach can improve ourpredictive understanding of species distribution shifts
and support conservation and management strategies targeting positive biodiversity effects on the C
storage capacity of forest ecosystems.

P.1305 Differential impactsof climate change on
specialist butterflies andtheir host plants
Linde N. Wieringa1, Harith Farooq 2,3, André
Freitas4, Alexandre Antonelli5,6,7,8
1
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München,München, Germany. 2 University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen, Denmark. 3 Lúrio University, Pemba,
Mozambique. 4 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. 5 Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 6 University ofGothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden. 7 Wuhan Botanical
Garden, Wuhan, China. 8 University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Climate plays a crucial role in shaping the distributionof species around the world. Biotic interactions further
impose constraints on the extent of a species’ range,
limiting its establishment. Even though the impacts ofclimate change on species range shifts and potential

mismatches of interacting species are increasingly acknowledged, the influence of biotic interactions on the
distribution of insect species in tropical biomes remains
largely unexplored. We investigated the impacts of climate change on the distribution of six monophagous(feeding on a single or small group of related larval
host plants) butterfly species endemic to Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. We generated validated data sets of species occurrences from museum specimens and othersources and then incorporated the co-occurrence ofthe studied butterflies and their respective larval hostplants, following an ensemble modeling technique forboth present-day and future climatic scenarios. We
predict that five out of the six butterfly species and all six
host plant species will experience range contractions
under the pessimistic climate scenario, with range losses of up to -89% (A. chalciope). In the optimistic climate
scenario, considerably fewer –7 out of 12 – species are
predicted to contract their range. Our results show thatboth biotic interactions and climate play a limiting rolein determining species distributions: butterflies make incomplete use of their host plant range, being simultaneously constrained by host availability. These findings
suggest that specialist species may be at greater risk
from climate change than currently assumed, and that
insect partners may be at greater risk than their hosts.
This study showcases the importance of incorporating
biotic interactions in biogeographical, ecological andconservation research.

S.144. SPEEDING UP CONSERVATION IN
POORLY KNOWN ORGANISM GROUPS – NEW
APPROACHES TO BRYOPHYTE CONSERVATION
P.1306 Functional traits
predicting mosses
extinction risk.
Sinan Gürlek1,*, Ana Claudia Araújo2,**, Neil
A. Brummitt2
1 Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK,*sg522@ic.ac.uk. 2 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, UK, **a.araujo@nhm.ac.uk
Mosses are an early lineage of plants, very diverse,
comprising around 13,000 species, and providing cru-

cial ecosystem services. Yet, less than 3% of known species had their extinction risk globally evaluated. Fromcirca 300 mosses species, presenting fully conservationassessments, over 30% are threatened (classified as
Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR)) while another 10% was classified as Data
Deficient (DD). Bryological functional traits have been
investigated to overcome the lengthy process of species risk assessment and improve outcomes speedilyand efficiently. Functional traits are known to predict
the extinction risk of species, thus a matrix was produced comprising of 15 functional traits acquired fromcirca 739 moss species from around the world. Traits
were extracted from morphological description found667

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in taxonomic references applying automated machinelearning techniques. Binary generalised-linear models
show as preliminary results that species sex (monoicous/dioicous); sexual reproduction, capsule and seta
length, as well as substrate breadth, are strong traits
to apply as indicative of species at risk of extinction.
The application of the models developed, as preliminary investigation, is valuable to speedily identify whichmosses species are more likely to become threatened,particularly when faced with habitat loss. Thus, humantime and effort, scientific investigation and financial investment could be directed effectively towards thosespecies more susceptible to extinction.

P.1307 In vitro investigationof the copper requirementsof the Endangered liverworts
Cephaloziella nicholsonii
and C. massalongoi
Christina Campbell1, Daniel L. Kelly2,
Noeleen Smyth3, Neil Lockhart4, David T.
Holyoak5, David Long6
1 National Botanic Gardens of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
2 Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland. 3 University College Dublin, Ireland. 4 National Parks and Wildlife Service, Dublin, Ireland. 5 Independent Researcher.
6 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
In addition to acting as a repository for rare and threatened species and their genetic diversity, ex situ conservation collections and techniques, such as in vitro cultivation (tissue culture), can be used to investigate life
history traits and nutrient requirements. Many rare specialised bryophyte species have adapted to metal-richsoil habitats, such as found at former mine sites, which
are toxic to most other plant species. Some of the bryophyte species found in these habitats are facultative
metallophytes, and others are regarded as strict metallophytes, the so-called ‘copper mosses’. It is a generalassumption in the literature that the liverworts Cephaloziella nicholsonii Douin and C. massalongoi (Spruce)
Müll.Frib, both categorised as Endangered in the IUCNRed List for Europe, are also strict metallophytes andobligate copper bryophytes. This in vitro experiment investigated the growth and gemma production of these
two species from different sites in Ireland and Britain on
treatment plates of 0 ppm, 3 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 24
ppm, 48 ppm and 96 ppm copper. Results show thatelevated copper is not an obligate requirement for
optimum growth. Differences in response to the copper treatment levels among populations evident withinboth species could possibly be due to ecotypic variation. The results have implications for the species’ conservation and also highlight the need for a taxonomic
revision of the Cephaloziella genus.

P.1308 Besides Brazilian
Pampa richness bryophyte:a functional structure
approach
Elisa T. Aires1, Talita S. Dewes2, Wanessa V.
S. M. Batista3, Jéssica S. Lima4, Denilson F.
Peralta4, Juçara Bordin1
1 State University of Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, Brazil. 2 Federal University of Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 3 University of
Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil. 4 Environmental Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
Studies and knowledge regarding the floristic diversity of the Brazilian Pampa Biome have increased inrecent years, revealing greater richness compared toother grassland ecosystems. However, studies on bryophytes are limited and focused on small areas. The
aim of this study is to present an ecological analysis of
the bryophyte functional composition and site types
where species were recorded. Based on literature data,
318 bryophyte species native to the Pampa (216 Bryophyta, 99 Marchantiophyta, and 3 Anthocerotophyta)
were classified according to seven morphofunctional traits related to humidity and sunlight conditions.
The relationships were then analyzed using Principal
Component Analyses (PCA) considering the community-weighted mean (CWM) per trait. Nonlinear and linear data were used at the biome and site type scales,
respectively. The PCA revealed that mat and thalloid life
forms, as well as costa, exhibited the highest correlation
with the first axis (20.4% variance), while turf life form,
pH and light tolerance guilds were more relevant in thesecond axis (16.52%). Regarding the functional composition per site type, considering hornworts and liverworts, and mosses separately, the cumulative variancein the first two PCA axes was quite explanatory (89.9 and84.5%, respectively). Differences in bryophyte functional
composition were observed between sites affected byhuman impact (trails, forest edge), and aquatic andinland forest sites. Our results are consistent with literature: species with life forms tolerant to desiccation (turfand cushion) predominated in sites affected by humanimpact (stressed/unstable areas), while forest interiors(preserved/stable places) were characterized by species with life forms vulnerable to desiccation (fan, den-668

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droid, pendant). This approach provides unexplored
new data to understand bryophyte functional structurein the Brazilian Pampa, which is essential to elucidating
the future effects of environmental change on this important group of plants and their implications for ecosystem processes.

abundance of these species to provide proper legislative protection and guide the implementation of conservation programs and protected areas. This study
stands for the first investigation into the threat status of
Antarctic plant species.

P.1310 Revisiting the flora of
two exceptional Antarctic
sites: Deception Island andElephant Island

P.1309 Working towards
a Red List for Antarctic
Bryophyta using IUCN
criteria

Maria Clara Gil Laydner1, Alan Camelo e
Silva1, Paulo E.A.S. Câmara1

Maria Clara Gil Laydner , Brenda Lopes
Emerick Neves1, Clara Katharina Vaz1,
Eduardo Toledo de Amorim2, Paulo
Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva Câmara1
1

1 Department of Botany, University of Brasília,Brasília, Brazil.

1 Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. 2 Centro
Nacional de Conservação da Flora/Instituto de
Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil.
The knowledge on Antarctic plants is limited due tothe extreme conditions of the continent, but recent
research has revealed important discoveries about
its biodiversity. Antarctic bryoflora has generally been
considered low threatened. However, this may not betrue for rare species. Considering this, our study sought
to understand the current conservation status of thefive endemic species of Antarctic mosses: Coscinodon
lawianus, Schistidium lewis-smithii, S. steerei, S. leptoneurum, and S. deceptionense. King George Island is
one of the areas most affected by anthropogenic activities on the continent, thus a regional assessment
was made for two common bryophyte species: Roaldia
revoluta and Bryum pseudotriquetrum. By assessing
their extinction risk following IUCN criteria, the endemic
species C. lawianus, S. lewis-smithii and S. leptoneurum
met the Critically Endangered category (CR), while S.
steerei and S. deceptionense were listed in the Data
Deficient (DD) category. For the regional assessment,
both species met the Vulnerable (VU) category. This diagnosis highlights the need for conservation measures
for these species. Regardless of two endemic species
being listed in the Data Deficient (DD) category, thisdoes not imply that they are free from threats. These
results reflect the exceedingly small botanical collections in the region, and difficulties in the identificationand taxonomic classification of these species create
uncertainties. Nevertheless, threats such as climatechange and increased human activity on the continent
are already affecting floristic diversity. Therefore, it is essential to better understand the current distribution and

Deception Island and Elephant Island are situated on
the South Shetland Archipelago, in the Antarctic Peninsula. Deception Island is one of few active volcanoes in
Antarctica, most recently erupting in 1967, 1969 and 1970,
with further eruptions expected. A unique feature is thepresence of localized terrestrial sites that are geothermally active, including several fumaroles. Their associated warmth and moisture provide ideal conditions
for mosses to grow. With the combination of its uniquebotanical diversity, aesthetic and scientific values, historical importance, the presence of active researchstations, and being one of the most popular visitor sites
in Antarctica, Deception Island has been designated as
Antarctica Specially Managed Area (ASMA 4). Within the
ASMA, Antarctica Specially Protected Area (ASPA 140)
has been designated, which includes 11 distinct subsites, each with distinct vegetation features. Elephant Island hosts a remarkable diversity of moss species andis one of the northernmost areas in Antarctica, making it
an important site to investigate climate change effects.
The island also has an important historical value, as it
was where the crew of Shackleton’s Endurance expedition sheltered. However, the island has no protectedareas. The island’s challenging terrain and its extensive
glaciers have made botanical collections difficult toobtain so prior knowledge was limited, with sparse collections. At present, 57 moss species are considered tooccur on Deception Island. Of these, 13 are not recorded
elsewhere in Antarctica and two are apparently endemic to the island. However, in recent collections fromthe past 10 years only 29 species from 10 families wereidentified. For Elephant Island, 50 moss species across
14 families were recorded, revealing it harbours nearly
half of Antarctica’s moss diversity, missing a legislated
protection. Here, we map these collections and update669

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the islands’ known diversity to better inform future conservation decisions and their management plans.

P.1311 Bryophyte account for
the Flora of Singapore
Boon-Chuan Ho1
1 Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board,
Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Singapore is a small low-lying tropical island-state sitting at the heart of Southeast Asia. The Singapore Botanic Gardens has embarked on the Flora of Singapore
project, which will treat all groups of embryophytes. It
is generally uncommon to include bryophytes in a flora project. In Southeast Asia, only a handful of regional moss floras are available but a complete regional
bryophyte flora, i.e. including liverworts, mosses andhornworts, has not been available so far. With an area
about 734.3 km2 including some 22 % of reclaimed land,
Singapore has recorded about 280 species of bryophytes, including 19 species and 7 genera that havebeen published as new records for the country landsince the commencement of the Flora project in 2017.
In the Flora account, all accepted species, genera andfamilies will be accompanied by descriptions and othergeneral information. Identification keys to genera andlower ranks, as well as selected illustrations will also be
provided. When completed, the bryophyte account for
the Flora of Singapore will be a useful guide and reference for the identification of lowland bryophytes oftropical southeast Asia.

P.1312 A systematic review ofthe success of translocation
experiments for bryophyte
species.
Izadora Kervin1,*, Jennifer Rowntree1,**
Scott Davidson1,***, Neil Bell2,****
1 Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of
Plymouth, Plymouth, UK. 2. Royal Botanical Gardens,
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. *izadora.kervin@plymouth.ac.uk;**jennifer.rowntree@plymouth.ac.uk;***scott.davidson@plymouth.ac.uk; ****Edinburgh.
nbell@rbge.org.uk

in the environment. Translocation and reintroduction
practices can be used to help reintroduce species into
their native ranges, and ultimately help reduce the riskof extinction. However, currently there are no available
guidelines specifically tailored towards the translocation and reintroduction of bryophyte species. We undertook a systematic review to advance our understandingof successful translocation and reintroduction projects.
Using a standardised methodology, we systematicallysearched literature databases for articles on bryophyte
translocations. The initial search of literature was filtered
to 138 relevant articles (WoS = 132, EthOs = 4, and Scorpus = 1), in which the subject and focus were assessed.
The remaining papers, the estimates of location of thetranslocation, distance transferred, reason for translocation, bryophyte species, duration of experiments andtransplant method were extracted. The results showthat most transplant experiments are for biomonitoring
projects, with very little literature dealing with bryophyte
transplants for conservation efforts. Most of these studies are short-term experiments with very limited longterm translocation projects. There were also disparities
between bryophyte species utilised, for example, outof the 138 journal articles there was a total of 30 bryophyte species, of which 84.06% were moss species andonly 15.93% were liverworts. This suggests that liverwort
species are underrepresented within translocation andreintroduction experiments. This systematic review has
highlighted a research gap in the frequency of academic papers focusing on conservation-based translocation experiments. To speed up bryophyte conservation we need to focus on increasing research efforts
for translocations and reintroduction projects. Furthermore, we need to develop standardized guidelines forbryophyte reintroduction and translocations.

P.1313 Sphagnum
magellanicum complex
at the edge: species
identification and genetic
diversity in the Pyrenees

An estimated one-fifth of all botanical species are at
risk of extinction with the most vulnerable of these species being bryophytes. This is due to them being poikilohydric, causing bryophytes to be sensitive to changes

670

Aaron Pérez-Haase1, Joan CuscóBorràs1,2,3, Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide4, Eulàlia
Pladevall-Izard1, Jordi López-Pujol2, Nil
Escolà-Lamora1, Kristian Hassel5, Víctor
Lecegui-Carnero1, Núria Garcia-Jacas2
1 University of Barcelona and IRBio, Barcelona, Spain.
2 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-CMCNB),
Barcelona, Spain. 3 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla,

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Spain. 4 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research,
Trondheim, Norway. 5 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
The taxonomic complex of Sphagnum magellanicum
Brid. is widespread across cold regions worldwide. Recent molecular and morphological studies have identified two species within this complex in Europe: Sphagnum medium Limpr. and S. divinum Flatberg & Hassel.
Both species have a distribution spanning the Northern
Hemisphere. In the southern European mountains, notably the Pyrenees and the ranges of the Iberian Peninsula, they reach their southern limit. Here, the species are less abundant, and their distribution remains
poorly understood. Moreover, because of its scarcity, S.
magellanicum is listed as a threatened species in thisregion. Recent morphological studies have identified
the presence of both European species within the region but have also highlighted numerous ambiguous
specimens. To elucidate the taxonomic identity of theS. magellanicum complex in the French and Spanish
Pyrenees and assess its genetic diversity, we genotyped a total of 252 ramets from 12 populations using
nine microsatellites. The selected populations covered
the primary ecological gradients and the whole Pyrenean distribution of the species. Microsatellite analysis
revealed the presence of S. divinum and S. medium
in the Pyrenees, but often in clear disagreement withprevious identifications based on their morphology.
Thus, most populations previously identified as S. medium are genetically identified as S. divinum. Regarding genetic conservation status, Pyrenean populations
exhibited reduced genetic diversity, consisting of one
or a few clones per locality. As for the ten populationsof S. divinum, structure analysis identified five distinctgroups demonstrating some geographical coherence
but also spatial gaps. We argue that Pyrenean populations deserve increased attention in the reassessment
and delineation of morphological boundaries between
the two European species within this group. Moreover,
new red list assessments are needed for the two species separately.

P.1314 Investigating the roleof epigenetic inheritance in
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis in
Cistanthe longiscapa

Cistanthe longiscapa is a charismatic annual plant in
the family Montiaceae. Native to the Atacama Desert
in Chile, C. longiscapa experiences drought stress after mass-flowering following El Niño events. This plant
performs CAM photosynthesis, which involves nighttime
fixation of CO2 into malic acid and its decarboxylation
during the day. This is beneficial because CAM limits
daytime water loss – C. longiscapa is a facultative CAM
plant, upregulating CAM during drought. Gas exchangemonitoring revealed that the CAM cycle remains activated after rewatering, even once daytime stomatal
conductance has returned to pre-drought levels. This
indicates changes in expression of CAM genes thatpersist after the cessation of the environmental signal.
One plausible explanation for the phenomenon is epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation. In this study,
we investigate the role of epigenetic modification in theregulation of functional CAM photosynthesis. We grew
parental C. longiscapa individuals in two treatments –under drought or fully watered – and monitored plant
growth. We characterized the CAM phenotypes bymeasuring overnight accumulation of titratable acidand tracking gas exchange data. We collected seeds
from both treatments, then grew the seeds in separate
batches such that F1 progeny from each treatment
were grown under full-water and drought, effectively
setting up four treatments. We compared CAM phenotypes of these F1 progeny, testing whether the magnitude of CAM remains upregulated in the progeny ofdrought plants compared to the progeny of wateredplants. We also compared the timing of onset of CAM
following the start of drought. In all, our experiment contributes to the literature on the role of epigenetics inconferring drought tolerance between generations byconducting the first epigenetic inheritance experimentin a facultative CAM species.

P.1315 Hyophila loxorhyncha (Pottiaceae) reinstatesamong neglected bryophytes of South America
Omar Rodríguez1, María T. Gallego1, Juan
A. Jiménez1, Juan Guerra1, María J. Cano1.
1 Department of Plant Biology, Botany Department,
Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

Dauerman, Sophie1, Chomentowska, Anri1,
Edwards, Erika1
1 Yale University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, New Haven, USA.

Assessing diversity in Pottiaceae family is among the
major tasks in our taxonomic study (https://pottiaceae.
com/). The currently ongoing morphological and molecular analysis of the genus Trichostomum Bruch inSouth America has allowed us to study material of thisgenus deposited in the main European and American
herbaria and our own collections kept at MUB. We havefound some specimens from Brazil, Bolivia and Para-671

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guay that do not match with any Pottiaceae species
presently recognized in these countries (Costa 2016;
Churchill et al. 2009). After carrying a study of the typematerial of Trichostomoideae reported in this area, wehave identified them as Hyophila loxorhyncha Müll. Hal.
ex Ångstr, a neglected taxon known only from the type
locality in Minas Gerais (Ångström 1876), and others in
Rio de Janeiro published by V. F. Brotherus at the endof the 19th century. We present a complete descriptionof this species, and its main distinctive morphologicalcharacters are discussed. Based on our results, we canconfirm that H. loxorhyncha has a wider distribution extending into central Brazil and is cited for the first timein Bolivia and Paraguay. A preliminary approach of thephylogenetic position of this species within the Pottiaceae based on molecular markers is also provided.

P.1316 Towards a new
bryophyte Red Data Book of
Slovakia
Pavel Širka1,*, Patrícia Singh2, MartaMútňanová3, Marko Sabovljević4,5, EliškaKolářová6, Katarína Mišíková7
1 Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia. 2 Masaryk
University in Brno, Czech Republic. 3 State Nature
Conservancy of the Slovak Republic, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. 4 Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in
Košice, Slovakia. 5 University of Belgrade, Serbia. 6
U Jam 24, Plzeň, Czech Republic. 7 Department of
Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. *pavel.sirka@tuzvo.sk.
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of
the bryophyte flora in Slovakia, focusing on selected

species of hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. The investigation contributes to the compilation of an updated
Red Data Book of bryophytes of the Slovak Republic,
shedding light on the ecological significance of thesetaxa from a wide range of habitats within such bryologically under-explored country. Based on new datafrom extensive field surveys, literature excerption andherbarium studies, we documented the geographic
distribution of 52 selected species and evaluated theirconservation status applying IUCN criteria. Species
selection was made upon the latest country red lists.
Furthermore, our study shows the potential threats tothese emblematic species, emphasizing the impact of
habitat destruction and global climate change. These
factors pose a significant risk to the survival of several species, particularly those with restricted habitats or
specific or narrow ecological requirements. Recognizing
the intricate relationship between bryophytes and theirenvironment, we underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts to mitigate these threats. In addition toits significance for researchers and policymakers, theRed Data Book can serve as a valuable tool for publicawareness and education. Non-vascular plants often
belong to the less-explored realms of biodiversity, andtheir inclusion in such publications provides a platform
to highlight their ecological importance. By bringing attention to these “unpopular” taxonomic groups, the Red
Data Book not only enhances public understanding of
biodiversity but also fosters a sense of responsibility towards the conservation of often-overlooked species.
This educational aspect is crucial in engaging the public and non-experts, cultivating a broader understanding of the complex web of life and the need for collective efforts to preserve even the most inconspicuouscomponents of our natural heritage. Here, we present
what has been done up to date and further plans on
bryophyte conservation in Slovakia.

S.145. SPEEDING UP OUR UNDERSTANDING OF
ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION WITH GENOMICS
P.1317 The interplay between
selection and the genomic
landscape during the domestication of grain amaranthCorbinian Graf1, Markus Stetter1
1 University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
The process of adaptation is vital for populations
facing changing environments. A number of poten-

tially adaptive traits have been studied intensively,
but intrinsic traits like the genomic landscape i.e.,the composition and structure of the genome, havereceived less attention. Multiple features of the genomic landscape influence the molecular outcomeof adaptation and recent evidence indicates thatsome features might be under selection themselves.
However, the interplay between the genomic landscape and adaptation remains unclear. To address
the effect of selection on the genomic landscape,we employ the domestication of crops as a model
to study adaptation. Grain amaranth is a pseudoce-672

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real from the Americas that has been domesticatedindependently three times from the same wild species. Our goal is to understand how parallel selection during the three independent domestications ofgrain amaranth changed their genomic landscape.
We combine quantitative and comparative genomics to estimate the recombination rates and chromatin structures along this adaptive gradient. We
are constructing recombination maps for each of
the three grain species and their wild relatives. Furthermore, we assess open chromatin of two tissuesof 19 individuals from wild and domesticated amaranth. We identified common and species-specificchromatin features, showing that overall chromatin composition is conserved along this adaptation
gradient. We find specific regions in the genomethat are differentially open between wild and domesticated amaranth, suggesting their involvementin the domestication process. The combination ofchromatin structure and recombination landscapes
along the selection gradient from wild to domesticated amaranth can give insights into the interplay
between the genomic landscape and plant adaptation. Hence, our model of repeated adaptation
provides the opportunity to understand if and how
genome space is shaped by selection.

P.1318 Comparativetranscriptomics reveals
conserved and dynamic
parts of the angiospermtranscriptome
Alexandra M. Kasianova1, Anna V.
Klepikova2, Alexey A. Penin2, Maria D.
Logacheva1
1 Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow,
Russia. 2 Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institutefor Information, Transmission Problems of the RAS,
Moscow, Russia.

gives cue to the understanding of the emergence ofmorphological or physiological novelties; it is however challenging based on gene sequence only. We
used the genome-wide data on gene expression
profiles as a complementary source of information
on gene function. To do this we selected genomic
and RNA-Seq data for 16 angiosperm species representing all major groups (basal angiosperms, rosids,
asterids, monocots). At first step genes from different species were combined into orthogroups basedon the sequence similarity. Within the resulting orthogroups, using the previously developed machinelearning tool ISEEML, we identified the sets of genes
with conservative expression profiles (expressogroups) that form an ancestral transcriptome anddivergent genes with species- or lineage-specificexpression profiles. We analyzed expressogroups
and genes with non-conserved expression profiles
and found that the expression pattern of divergent
genes is predominantly narrow. Also, divergent
genes are preferentially expressed in roots, stamens
and seeds. These genes are actively involved inplant defense processes against biotic and abiotic stresses and take part in the production of secondary metabolites. Conservative part has broad
expression patterns, mostly lacks organ-specific expression and is involved in the processes of organelle formation, the cell division and protein synthesis.
The reconstructed ancestral angiosperm transcriptome makes it possible to study both the biologicalprocesses basic for all flowering plants and to identify dynamic parts of the genetic networks specificto certain taxonomic groups.

P.1319 Beyond sweet potato:
origin, evolution anddevelopment of storage
roots in wild Ipomoea
speciesAngiosperms are the dominant group among land
plants, being the most numerous and occupying all
major ecological niches. This success is in many aspects mediated by their unique genome structure
shaped by multiple polyploidization events. Duplicated genes, resulting from polyploidization are a
substrate for evolutionary processes leading to theirstructural and functional divergence. The understanding of similarities or differences in biological
functions of orthologous genes between species

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Pablo Muñoz-Rodríguez1, Javier Fuertes
Aguilar2, Cristina Marinho2, Miguel Ángel
García García2, Aida Díaz Mansilla2,
Lluís García Mir2, Isabel Sanmartín2,
Elisa Román Gómez2, N. Ivalú Cacho
González3, Enoc Efer Jara Peña4, John R.I.
Wood5, Jaume Pellicer Moscardó6, Oriane
Hidalgo6, Pilar Cubas Domínguez7, Robert
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1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid-CSIC,
Spain. 3 Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 4 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. 5
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom. 6 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. 7 Centro Nacional de Biotecnología(CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 8 University of Oxford, Oxford,
United Kingdom.
Sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., is one of
the most consumed crops worldwide. Cultivatedin all tropical and subtropical regions of the world
for its edible storage roots, I. batatas is the bestknown species of the genus Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) but it is not the only species in the genus that develops storage roots nor the only one
consumed by humans. At least 80 wild Ipomoea
species have been reported to develop underground storage organs, some of them as big as
those in I. batatas or even bigger, and also edible.
The study of these wild undomesticated species
can provide important information to understandthe origin of the sweet potato roots and the roleof storage roots in species diversification and adaptation, and to identify new sources of genetic
diversity for crop improvement. Their conservation
is paramount for food security and preservationof genetic resources. In this poster, we will present preliminary results of an ongoing project that
integrates genomic and transcriptomic analyses
with morphological and anatomical study of herbarium collections and plants in the field and ingreenhouse environments. Specifically, the aimof this project is three-fold: 1) to generate a robust evolutionary framework to study the origin
and evolution of storage roots in Ipomoea; 2)
to investigate storage root development in wild
non-domesticated Ipomoea; and 3) to investigate
whether wild species of Ipomoea with edible roots
present traits of interest for sweet potato breeding-such as resistance to pathogens or adaptability
to changing environmental conditions.

Polyploidy is a critical and dynamic evolutionary
mechanism present throughout the tree of life.
While polyploids occur more frequently at higher
latitudes, Siberia remains largely unexplored withregard to polyploid occurrence. With field collections and widely distributed herbarium specimens,
we identified previously unknown tetraploid populations of Siberian Arabidopsis lyrata via genotyping and cytogenetic approaches. Selection scans
between diploid and tetraploid populations of Siberian A. lyrata revealed that loci under selection in
tetraploid populations include key players in meiosis. As polyploidy is also a recurrent state within
the genus Arabidopsis, we assessed adaptations
to whole genome duplication by comparing the
newly identified tetraploid Siberian populations to
the well described polyploids in Arabidopsis arenosa and European A. lyrata. Existing work showed A.
arenosa tetraploids manage polyploid meiosis bylimiting crossovers to one per chromosome, andEuropean tetraploid A. lyrata have benefitted fromintrogression with A. arenosa, facilitating adaptation to whole genome duplication. Given the vastgeographical distance between European and Siberian A. lyrata, and the fact that A. arenosa does
not occur in Siberia, we test the hypothesis that
Siberian A. lyrata tetraploids have independently
adopted a similar strategy to mitigate the impactsof polyploidy on meiosis and endoreduplication.
Preliminary data suggest repeated adaptation topolyploidy in Siberian A. lyrata and its European
counterparts alike, simultaneously drawing fromstanding variation, de novo variants, and longrange haplotype sharing from Europe to Siberia.

P.1320 Recurrent
adaptation to wholegenome duplication in wild
Arabidopsis
Alison D. Scott1, Polina Y Novikova1
1 Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research,
Cologne, Germany.

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S.146. STILL STANDING: RIBOSOMAL DNA
SIGNIFICANCE IN CURRENT PLANT RESEARCH
P.1321 Two types of 5S rDNA
repeats in ecotypes ofgreater duckweed, Spirodela
polyrhiza (Lemnaceae),
demonstrate contrasting
evolutional dynamics
Anton Stepanenko1,2,3, Guimin Chen2,
Nikolai Borisjuk2
1 Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine. 2
School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University,
Huai’an, China. 3 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics
and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany.
The greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, is a monocotyledonous aquatic plant in the family Lemnaceae,
which contains five genera that include 36 species.
Notwithstanding the reduced size and morphology,
duckweeds represent a surprisingly diverse group ofplants with huge potential to explore various genetic,
physiological and biochemical pathways and practical
opportunities. Because of the abundant representationin eukaryotic genomes and specific molecular organization of the highly conservative sequences encoding aribosomal RNA (rRNA) and a variable intergenic spacer(IGS), the 5S rDNA has been broadly used as a molecular tool to study genome organization, molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Here, we characterized 5S rRNA
genes in 25 S. polyrhiza ecotypes of worldwide origin bysequencing at least ten representative rDNA units foreach ecotype. Sequence analysis revealed 5S rDNA repeats with two types of IGS in each ecotype. The shorter(type-S) repeats contain the IGS of 400bp with very low
variability, whereas the longer (type-L) repeats of 10561084bp demonstrated significant intra- and inter-genomic differences. As revealed by quantitative PCR,
the number of 5S rRNA genes in the investigated duckweed ecotypes ranged between 63±12 and 198±25, oneof the lowest 5S rDNA copy numbers reported for theflowering plants. The separate measurement of type-L
and type-S rDNA units showed that 5S rDNA repeats
with type-L IGS are prevalent in the European ecotypes
compared to the ecotypes originating from the tropics.
However, this observation is rather a tendency than adirect correlation, suggesting a high level of the species

geographic mobility. The obtained data on the 5S rDNA
organization and molecular dynamics in greater duckweed will further stimulate research and discussions on
the evolution of plant rDNA and molecular forces driving homogenization of rDNA repeats.

P.1322 Drought stressregulation in oil flax:
Transcriptional differences
and the impact of LusP5CS1
gene overexpression
Wei Wang1, Meilian Tan1
1 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Oil
Crops Research Institute, Wuhan, China.
Oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an exceptionallydrought-tolerant oil crop, whose regulatory mechanisms under different drought stresses, such as persistent and repeated droughts, remain elusive. To
address this, we employed single molecule real-time
sequencing technology (SMRT) to analyze the transcriptomes of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive flax varieties under both drought stress andrepeated drought stress conditions. Our findings
indicate that oil flax responds differently to different drought stresses. Specifically, when exposed todrought stress for the first time, it primarily relies ontranscriptional regulation. However, under repeateddrought stress, it employs both transcriptional andalternative splicing mechanisms simultaneously. The
LusP5CS1 gene serves as a typical example of thisphenomenon. Our previous experimental results in
Arabidopsis thaliana and oil flax demonstrate thatoverexpression of the LusP5CS1 gene significantly enhances drought tolerance and yield in both species.
Under drought stress, the average seed weight perplant of Arabidopsis thaliana and oil flax overexpressing LusP5CS1 increased by 47% and 20%, respectively,
compared to wild type and control varieties. Under
non-drought stress conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana
and oil flax overexpressing the LusP5CS1 gene also
exhibit a more significant fitness advantage over wild
type and control varieties, with average plant yield increasing by 40% and 22%, respectively, compared towild type and control varieties.

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S.147. SUSTAINABLE USE, TRADE AND CONSERVATION OF FRANKINCENSE (BOSWELLIA SPP.)
P.1323 The online marketingof Mexican arboreal cacti
Susana López-Torralba1, Cecilia Leonor
Jiménez-Sierra2, José Alejandro ZavalaHurtado2, María Loraine Matias-Palafox3
1 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México. 2 Departamento de
Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México. 3 Comisión
Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, CONABIO, Ciudad de México, México.
The cactus trade has increased with the use of digital
media. We present an analysis of the online marketing(2022-2023) of seven species of arboreal cacti from
Mexico: Cephalocereus senilis (old man; Threatened
Species, A); C. tetetzo (roof); Lophocereus marginatus(organ); Myrtillocactus geometrizans (garambullo);
Pachycereus militaris (Species in Special Protection;
Pr), Pachycereus pringlei (cardón) and Stenocereus
queretaroensis (pitaya queretana), as well as an estimate of illegal collection in Mexico through confiscations data. Cactus sales sites were found on: Amazon,
eBay, Etsy, Mercado Libre, Sodimac and Plantadecor(total N = 652 promotional). The most offered plants
are: M. geometrizans (34.2%) > L. marginatus (17.5%) >P. pringlei (15.8%) > C. senilis (14.6%) > S. queretaroensis(10.7%) > C. tetetzo (6.7%) > P. militaris (0.5%). In addition to specimens, seeds (32%) and cuttings (29%) aresold. Only 43% of the sites are from Mexico and the rest
are foreign: USA (18.9%), followed by Spain (6.6%) andAustralia (6.0%). Between 1997 and 2022 in Mexico, 6,811
specimens were confiscated: 79% were M. geometrizans; 11% L. marginatus; 8% of C. senilis and in smaller
quantities S. queretaroensis and P. militaris. The supplyof arboreal cacti is permanent and generally the origin of the specimens (wild or cultivated) or compliance with national and international commercial regulations is not indicated, so it is necessary to develop
mechanisms to comply with the laws and ensure theconservation of these species. In Mexico, complying
with regulations for the cultivation of at-risk species
is complicated, which explains the low legal supplyof these plants. This puts natural populations at risk
due to clandestine extraction of individuals and at thesame time this does not favor the natural commercial
vocation of Mexico, which has the appropriate climaticconditions for the cultivation of these plants.

S.148. SYNANTHEROLOGY RELOADED:RECENT ADVANCES AND THE FUTURE OF
EVOLUTIONARY STUDIES IN COMPOSITAE
P.1325 Genetic diversity andstructure of three annualautogamous species that
constitute the FilagoLGC clade (Gnaphalieae,
Asteraceae)
Santiago Andrés-Sánchez1, Daniel
Pinto-Carrasco2, Javier Marcos Walias1,
Diego Sánchez Ganfornina1, Enrique

Rico1, Catarina Siopa3, João Loureiro3, M.
Montserrat Martínez-Ortega1
1 University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 2 University of Leon, Leon, Spain. 3 University of Coimbra,
Coimbra, Portugal.
Connectivity and gene flow among populations areforces that shape plant genetic structure. Additionally, gene flow is modulated by several factors (i.e. geographic distance and barriers, ability to colonize newareas, specific biological properties of the species orenvironmental factors), which interrupt or allow different
levels of genetic exchange among populations. How-676

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ever, the impact that some of them can have may be
uneven. In this work, we contrast the structure of genetic
diversity of three annual autogamous species of Filago(Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) that form the monophyletic“LGC clade” (F. lusitanica, F. gaditana and F. carpetana).
These species are distributed in the Western Mediterranean region. AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) markers were obtained for 524 individuals
from 61 populations. Our results confirmed the current
taxonomic status of the three species and allowed us
to evaluate the role that the Strait of Gibraltar and the
Spanish Central System range have played as barriers
against gene flow, as well as the different degrees of
their permeability for each species. The Strait of Gibraltar acts as a permeable barrier in the case of F. lusitanica, but it is very effective against gene flow in F. gaditana. The genetic variability of F. carpetana is structured
into two groups determined by the effect of the Central
System range, which exhibits a more substantial effectthan that of the Strait of Gibraltar over the other two
species. The observed differences in the effect of thesegeographical barriers on the studied species could
be due to their biological characteristics. This study
demonstrates that the same geographical barrier can
exhibit varying levels of permeability depending on other factors affecting a particular species.

tribution area, these species also display characteristic
structures with several genera containing arborescentspecies. This treelike habit, often considered anecdotal within Asteraceae, could indicate a strong selection
for arborescent development in this environment. Morpho-anatomical peculiarities also seem to suggest astrong selection pressure by disturbances in this environment. The objective of this study was to gather all
known taxonomic, structural, anatomical, and biogeographical knowledge of Lychnophorinae. Subsequently,
a preliminary architectural analysis (sensu Hallé et al.,1978) has been conducted to determine the structural traits, over time and space, of these species. Finally,
additional environmental data have been acquired via
online databases to more precisely define the major
ecological factors of the environment where these species grow. The final objective of this study has been to
identify the key elements necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the evolutionary history of Lychnophorinae in relation to environmental factors. In addition
to showing the potential of the architectural analysis toimprove the precision of the Asteraceae taxonomy, thisstudy highlights the importance of understanding theevolutionary history of plant clades to proposing conservation plans for any plant species and clade.

7.01328 Exploring the biotic
connections between
southern South America
and its neighboring islands
with Lagenophora Cass.
(Asteraceae)

P.1327 The architectural
analysis in Lychnophorinae(Asteraceae): a key method
for facilitating giant clades
taxonomy
Khalil Boughalmi1,2, Benoit Loeuille3,
Artémis Anest1

Gisela Sancho1, Rosa A. Scherson2,
Jessica N. Viera Barreto1, Mariano
Donato3, José M. Bonifacino4, J. Gordon
Burleigh5

1 AMAP, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 2 Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. 3 Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.
The family Asteraceae is the most diversified angiosperm family with approximately 30,000 species. Due toits diversity, it consists of a taxonomic challenge, especially at the specific level. While these species are distributed on all vegetated continents and occupy very
distinct biomes along a significant climatic and altitudinal gradient, some taxa show a high level of endemism with species sometimes displaying high degreeof microendemism. This is the case for the subtribe
Lychnophorinae: with 19 genera and 119 species, thisclade has almost all species endemic to the Espinhaço
region, east of Brazil. In addition to a characteristic dis-

1 Museo de La Plata, FCNYM, UNLP, Buenos Aires,
Argentina. 2 Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
3 ILPLA, Instituto de Limnología, FCNYM, UNLP and
CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4 Universidad dela República, Montevideo, Uruguay. 5 University of
Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Lagenophora (Asteraceae) has drawn researchers’ attention due to its austral, transpacific distribution and the absence of the family’s typical dispersal
mechanism, the pappus. Its sticky fruits seemly serveas an efficient dispersal mechanism involving several
potential dispersal vectors, such as birds. Alternatively,
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by the oily fruit cover. Lagenophora is found in Australia, New Zealand, SE Asia, and southern South America.
The three South American species are monophyletic and occur in Andean Argentina and Chile, usually
as elements of the understory and gaps of southernbeech forests. Two of these species extend to nearby
islands, such as Tierra del Fuego and State Island, andmore distant archipelagos like Malvinas/Falkland Islands, Gough and Tristan da Cunha islands, and Juan
Fernandez Archipelago. Previous studies provided evidence that Antarctica played a key role in the connections of Lagenophora between New Zealand andSouth America. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the biogeographic history of the South American species of Lagenophora. Through this research,
we aim to understand the impact of Quaternary climatic changes on the distribution of the southernmost South American biota. We generated nuclear
sequence data using target enrichment sequencing
with the GoFlag angiosperm 408 probe set to create
phylogenetic trees that included individuals of SouthAmerican Lagenophora species from continental andisland populations throughout the whole distributional range. We also conducted distributional modellingfor different past climate scenarios, ancestral area
reconstruction, and climatic space comparisons. Phylogenetic results show that the ancestors of Lagenophora in South America were probably settled in theAndes. Relatively early-branching clades colonized
the extreme South of Chile, i.e., islands by the CapeHorn, the Malvinas/Falklands archipelago, State Island,
and Juan Fernández Archipelago. Populations of State
Island are, apparently, a result of more than one colonization event.

P.1329 Hyb-Seq insights into
Helichrysum and related
genera (Gnaphalieae,
Compositae): implications
in systematics and genericdelimitationÒscar Castillo1, Carme Blanco-Gavaldà2,
Santiago Andrés-Sánchez3, Randall
J. Bayer4, Nicola Bergh5, Juan Antonio
Calleja Alarcón6, Pau Carnicero7, Glynis
V. Cron8, Susana E. Freire9, Kazumi
Fujikawa10, Rokiman Letsara11, Lucía D.
Moreyra1, Genís Puig-Surroca2, Sylvain G.

Razafimandimbison12, Cristina Roquet2,
Rob D. Smissen13, Alfonso Susanna2, Mercè
Galbany-Casals2
1 Botanical Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
2 Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants UAB– IBB CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain. 3 University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 4 University of Memphis,
Memphis, USA. 5 South African National Biodiversity
Institute, Cape Town, South Africa. 6 Autonomous
University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 7 University of
Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. 8 University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 9 MuseoArgentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 10 Makino Botanical Garden, Kochi, Japan.
11 Herbarium of the Parc Botanique et Zoologique ofTsimbazaza, Antananarivo, Madagascar. 12 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
13 Landcare Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
The systematics of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Compositae) has long presented challenges, particularly concerning the HAP (Helichrysum-Anaphalis-Pseudognaphalium) clade, which globally contains ca. 850
species. Its main component is Helichrysum, with ca.
600 species, identified as paraphyletic in previous
phylogenies, having several genera being embedded
within it. The existence of polyploidy and hybridisation,
which might cause of phylogenetic incongruence andlow support values in phylogenies, has further complicated our understanding of the evolutionary history of the clade. Additionally, a considerable morphological variation and the lack of synapomorphies foreach clade add other layers of complexity to providing a satisfactory generic classification. The advent ofhigh-throughput DNA sequencing methods has fostered significant advancements in plant systematics.
The substantial increase in the number of markers
sequenced enhances the robustness of phylogenetic reconstructions. We applied a target capture approach that resulted in the obtention of sequences for
hundreds of exons. We then analysed them with ParalogWizard pipeline, which facilitates the separationof paralog sequences and the creation of orthologousalignments. Building on such large molecular dataset, we inferred the most comprehensive phylogeny
to date for the HAP clade, with a total of 560 samples,
including representatives of eight additional genera
known to be part of it. Our phylogenetic tree recovers
Helichrysum as a paraphyletic genus, with eight additional genera embedded in its main clade. The results
obtained evidence the need of a generic recircumscription, and several options are presented considering current available data on chromosome numbers,
biogeography and morphology.

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P.1330 Out-of-the-Andes:
molecular phylogenetics
and historical biogeographyof Ecliptinae (Heliantheae)
Rafael Felipe de Almeida1,2, Maria Alves3,
João Bringel Jr.4, Cássio van den Berg3,Morgan R. Gostel5, Nádia Roque3,6
1 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Quirinópolis,
Goiás, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 3 Universidade Estadual de
Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
4 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária,Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil. 5 Botanical ResearchInstitute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas, United States ofAmerica. 6 Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Ecliptinae is one of the 14 subtribes within tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae), comprising 54 genera and ca. 570
species distributed worldwide. Even though these subtribes have been the subject of several molecular phylogenetic studies throughout the last two decades, several still show problematic circumscriptions due to large
polyphyletic genera such as Melanthera and Wedelia.
The latter comprises ca. 200 spp. with a very confusingtaxonomic delimitation due to conflicting circumscriptions proposed by several authors around the world. Inorder to understand the relationship of species of thepolyphyletic Wedelia in Ecliptinae, we ran a maximum
likelihood combined analysis using RAxML based on two
nuclear (ITS and ETS) and three plastid (matK, psbA-trnH,
and trnQ-rps16) markers. The resulting tree was used toestimate a calibrated molecular clock using BEAST togenerate a dated phylogenetic tree. Additionally, ancestral range reconstruction was run in BioGeoBEARS withthe dated phylogeny for biome and continental ranges. Our results show that Wedelia, Aspilia, Lundellianthus,
Oyedaea, Steiractinia, and Zexmenia comprise a single
well-supported clade (89% bootstrap support) that werefer to as Wedelia s.l. The Antillean Wedelia reticulata
was recovered as sister to Baltimora and Tilesia, rendering Wedelia s.l. paraphyletic. The dated phylogeny
recovered the most recent common ancestor of Ecliptinae originated approximately 8.16 Mya in dry/rainforestsof the Andes in South America. A single dispersal event
led to the radiation of most lineages of Ecliptinae in dry
forests of Central America, approximately 7.6-4.32 Mya.
Several lineages of Ecliptinae reached South American
dry forests a second time from 4.85-4.0 Mya via threedifferent dispersal events (Wedelia s.l., Dimerostemma
and Echinocephalum clades). Two lineages (Elaphandra and Riencourtia) radiated in South American savan-

nas between 2.95-1.65 Mya.Finally, four lineages reachedand radiated in old-world dry forests from 2.73-1.5 Mya.

P.1331 Achene and pollen
morphology in thegenus Psephellus Cass.
(Asteraceae) in Turkey
Kuddisi Ertuğrul1, Tuna Uysal1, Meryem
Bozkurt1, Nur M. Pınar2
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk
University, Konya, Turkey. 2 Department of Biology,
Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
The genus Psephellus Cass. is represented by approximately 100 species in the world and has a distribution centered mainly in Turkey, the Caucasus
and Northwest Iran. The genus is represented by 37
taxa in Turkey, and it has a distribution area centered mainly in Central and Eastern Anatolia. Additionally, a small number of species are found in theSouthern, Southeastern and Northeastern Anatolia regions. 28 of these taxa are endemic to Turkey.
In this study, achene and pollen characteristics ofPsephellus taxa in Turkey were determined by lightand scanning electron microscopy and data on
many characters related to these two structures
were obtained. A dendogram was created with theobtained data with the PRIMER program. The relationship among Psephellus taxa were revealed byevaluating the obtained dendrogram. Pollen andachene characteristics could be important in distinguishing the taxa of the genus. Acknowledgements:
We are also grateful to the foundation TUBITAK (Project Number: 109T958) and S.U.BAP (Project Number:
17401028) for financial support.

P.1332 Chemophenetic
significance of phenolic
compounds of the Balkan
Amphoricarpos Vis. taxa
(Compositae)

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Pedja Janaćković1, Milan Gavrilović1, Uroš
Gašić2, Dušanka Milojković Opsenica3,
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Poster presentations

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade,
Serbia. 2 University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute ofRepublic of Serbia, Department of Plant Physiology,
Belgrade, Serbia. 3 University of Belgrade,Faculty ofChemistry, Belgrade, Serbia. 4 Botanic Institute ofBarcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Spain.
The genus Amphoricarpos Vis. (Compositae-Cardueae-Xerantheminae) represents a natural group, wellcharacterized on molecular and morphological features. Amphoricarpos species are heterocarpic perennial chasmophytic plants, mountain endemics inthe eastern Mediterranean (the Balkans, Anatolia andthe Caucasus). Taxonomy of the genus Amphoricarpos is complex and ambiguous. Traditionally, Blečić
and Mayer recognized three taxa distributed on the
Balkan Peninsula: A. neumayerianus (Vis.) Greuter (A.
neumayeri Vis.), A. autariatus ssp. autariatus Blečić& Mayer and A. autariatus ssp. bertisceus Blečić &Mayer. Caković et al. (2015) treated all Balkan populations as a single species – A. neumayerianus (Vis.)
Greuter. Latest view separated A. neumayerianus into
three subspecies: neumayerianus (ANN), autariatus(ANA) and murbeckii (ANM) (Niketić, Gavrilović and
Janaćković 2022). In this work, we analyzed, for the
first time, phenolic compounds of the leaf extractsof the three Balkan Amphoricarpos taxa using HPLCLTQ Orbitrap-MS4. It was shown that phenolic profiles
were not identical. A total of 30 phenolic compounds
were identified (27 in ANA, 26 in ANM and 25 in ANN), of
which 22 were found in traces. Out of 30 compounds,
11 compounds belong to the group of phenolic acids and derivatives, seven compounds belong to thegroup of flavonoid glycosides, 11 compounds belong
to the group of flavones, and one compound belongs
to the group of flavanones. The dominant compoundin ANA and ANM was 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6.566
mg/L and 6.715 mg/L, respectively), while the dominant compound in ANN was chrysoeriol (4.216 mg/L).
In addition, five compounds, which were found in theextracts of ANM and ANA, were not detected in ANN extract, while one compound was detected only in ANN
extract. These differences support segregation of thetype subspecies from the other taxa of the complex.

P.1333 New Compositae
specific probe set reduces
paralogs in complex
systems

1 Department of Biological Sciences, University ofMemphis, Memphis, USA. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA.
Probe sets have been designed to broadly target gymnosperms, angiosperms, or specific plantfamilies (i.e., Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Ochnaceae, etc.), enabling great advances in our understanding of evolutionary relationships in large
plant groups. The Asteraceae specific probe set,Compositae-1061, is popular among researchers
studying members of Asteraceae, and has paved
the way for investigations at lower taxonomic levels and non-model organisms. Though Compositae-1061 has shown to be highly efficient at higher- and some lower-taxonomic levels within thefamily, it generally lacks resolution at the genus to
species level, especially in groups with complex
evolutionary histories including polyploidy andhybridization. In this study, we developed a new
Hyb-Seq probe set, Compositae-ParaLoss-1272,
designed to target known single-copy orthologous loci in Asteraceae family members. We
tested its efficiency across the family by simulating target-enrichment sequencing in-silico.
Additionally, we tested its effectiveness at lower
taxonomic levels in the genus Packera, which has
a complex evolutionary and taxonomic history.
We performed Hyb-Seq with Compositae-ParaLoss-1272 for 19 taxa which were previously
studied using the Compositae-1061 probe set.
Sequences from both probe sets, along with adouble-capture approach, were used to generate phylogenies, compare topologies, and assess
node support. We found that the newer probe set
captured loci across all tested Asteraceae members. Additionally, Compositae-ParaLoss-1272
recovered drastically less paralogous sequences than Compositae-1061, with only ~5% of therecovered loci reporting as paralogous with thenew probe set, and 59% with the Compositae-1061
probe set. Additionally, we found that discordance was lower and species relationships moreclosely followed previous studies when utilizing
the new probe set. Given the complexity of plant
evolutionary histories, assigning orthology for
phylogenomic analyses will continue to be challenging. However, we anticipate this new probe
set will provide improved resolution and utility forstudies at lower-taxonomic levels and complex
groups in the sunflower family.

Erika R. Moore-Pollard1, Daniel S. Jones2,
Jennifer R. Mandel1

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P.1334 Morphologicaldifferentiation of taxa of
the Centaurea calocephalacomplex from the Dinaric
Alps (SE Europe)

P.1335 Pollen morphology
of Senecio sect. Crociseris(Compositae, Senecioneae)
from Iberian Peninsula andits taxonomical implications

Jelica Novaković1,*, Bojan Zlatković2,
Dmitar Lakušić1, Nemanja Rajčević1, Petar
D. Marin1, Pedja Janaćković1

Rafael Pérez-Romero1, Carmen Pérez
Morales2, Rosa M. Valencia Barrera2, Saradel Río González2 , Ángel Penas2

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Instituteof Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”,
Belgrade, Serbia. 2 University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology andEcology, Niš, Serbia. *jelica@bio.bg.ac.rs

1 Department of Biology and Geology, IES Los
Sauces, Benavente, Spain. 2 Department of Biodiversity and Environment Management, Universityof León, León, Spain.

The Centaurea calocephala complex belongs to thesubgenus Acrocentron, subtribe Cardueae (Asteraceae). The species of this complex are characterisedby large capitula, ovate to oblong involucral bracts
with decurrent appendages covering the bracts. The
appendages are black, brown or yellow, mucronulate
to shortly spiny at the apex, and fimbriate at margins.
The complex has a Carpathian-Balkan distribution,with several species inhabiting open grasslands onthe mountains of the Carpathian, Dinaric, Balkan,
Rhodope, and Skardo-Pindian mountain range. The
largest species richness of this complex was registered in the mountains of the Dinaric system (Dinaric
Alps), where the following species were registered C.
calocephala Willd., C. zlatiborensis Zlatković, Novaković and Janaćković, C. melanocephala Pančić, C.
murbeckii Hayek, C. kotschyana Heuffel ex Koch, C.
crnogorica Rohlena, and C. gjurasinii Bošnjak. The aim
was to present the results of the morphometric study
on the morphological characteristics of the investigated taxa from the Dinaric Alps. The measurements
included 140 individuals and 47 traits (morphometric, meristic, and qualitative traits) that we analysed.
A canonical discriminant analysis of the a priori defined groups was performed. The first canonical discriminant analysis, which included all Dinaric taxa,
showed a clear differentiation of C. melanocephalain the positive part of the first and second axes andin the negative part of the third axis. C. kotschiana
and C. murbeckii formed a group in the negative partof the first and second axes, but these two taxa aremorphologically well differentiated. The other taxa
are morphologically close to each other and form the
Calocephala group. The next canonical discriminant
analysis included taxa that formed the Calocephalagroup in the previous analysis. The results showed aclear differentiation between the studied Dinaric taxa.

This investigation focuses on the palynologicalexamination of Senecio L. sect. Crociseris (Rchb.)
Boiss., specifically on the Iberian Peninsula, andextends its comparison to closely related species within Senecio and Doronicum. The study
analyzes the pollen morphology of eight species
and five subspecies from the Crociseris section
found in the Iberian Peninsula. The pollen was examined using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to capture detailed morphological features. To further discern
the relationships and distinctive palynologicalcharacteristics that could aid in differentiating
the studied taxa, a suite of statistical analyses
was performed, including Principal Component
Analysis (PCA), Discriminant Analysis (DA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and Hierarchical
Cluster Analysis (HCA). The research found thatthe pollen grains are isopolar, exhibit radial symmetry, tricolporate, and possess an echinate surface. The shape of the pollen varied from prolate-spheroidal to spheroidal, with significant
differences observed primarily in the size andornamentation of the spines. Through PCA, DA,
MDS, and HCA, three well-defined groups within
the Senecio sect. Crociseris were identified. Thesefindings are instrumental in understanding therelationships among the Senecio taxa and provide valuable insights for future taxonomic investigations within this group.

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P.1336 Systematics andevolution of Madagascanmontane ericoid
Helichrysum (Compositae)
based on Hyb-Seq andmorphometric analyses

conserved ortholog loci designed for Compositae toinfer a phylogeny of this group, including most taxa
and several specimens of each taxon when available.
We provide preliminary hypotheses on the phylogenetic relationships and diversification patterns of thisgroup in Madagascar mountains. All data point out tothe need of a comprehensive taxonomic revision of
the whole group and the urgency of a conservationassessment for most of the species.

Genís Puig-Surroca1, Mercè GalbanyCasals1, Carme Blanco-Gavaldà1, Òscar
Castillo2, Rokiman Letsara3, Lucía D.
Moreyra2, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison4,
Cristina Roquet1, Alfonso Susanna1,
Santiago Andrés-Sánchez5

P.1337 The taxonomic
importance of glandularhairy phyllaries in Cichorium
intybus (Asteraceae)

1 Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants(UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain. 2
Botanical Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 3
Herbarium of the Parc Botanique et Zoologique ofTsimbazaza, Antananarivo, Madagascar. 4 Swedish
Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. 5
University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Madagascar is one of Earth’s biodiversity hotspots,with high species richness and exceptional levels ofendemism. Despite this, there is an evident lack ofknowledge on taxonomy and evolution, particularly
on its mountains’ flora. Given the current biodiversity
crises, it is imperative to improve our understandingof species delimitation and evolutionary processes(plant diversification and speciation) in these areas.
The genus Helichrysum Mill. (Compositae, Gnaphalieae) constitutes an interesting case-study to addressthese knowledge gaps. With 111 species in Madagascar, all but one endemic, and more than 40% found inmontane habitats, including some exclusive to mountain summits, it offers valuable insights into these topics. This work focuses on a group of endemic Madagascan montane Helichrysum composed of 25 taxa,
all of them ericoid subshrubs, the Madagascan Montane Ericoid Helichrysum clade. They have different
habitat preferences and varied distribution patterns,
providing contrasting examples of plant evolution. Additionally, many of these taxa are rare and probably
threatened by human activities, but conservation assessment is lacking for most of them. The main objective of this study is to provide insights into the current status, systematics and evolution of the group,
through a multidisciplinary approach. We mademorphometric analyses and a chorological study of
all taxa based on herbarium material, as well as own
field collections and observations. Furthermore, weused a Hyb-Seq methodology targeting 1061 nuclear

Nilay Şen1, Aslı Doğru-Koca1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
The genus Cichorium L. is distributed worldwide withseven species. Among them, the species C. intybus L., C.
spinosum L., C. pumilum Jacq., C. glandulosum Boiss. &A.Huet grow naturally in Turkey. C. endivia L. is cultivatedin Istanbul and Europe. C. bottae Deflers and C. calvum
Sch. Bip. are endemic to Saudi Arabia-Yemen and Ethiopia respectively. It has been noticed that in different
herbarium samples of Cichorium intybus collectedfrom the coastal localities of the Black Sea region, there
are glandular hairs on their phyllaries, although there
are no glandular hairs in other populations all over Turkey. Twenty-five populations were collected from theentire Black Sea coast. These and previously collected
samples from all over Turkey were examined in detailmorphologically, and evolutionary relationships wererevealed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood
analyses based on sequences of ribosomal DNA (ITS15.8S-ITS2) and combined chloroplast DNA (trnL, trnLtrnF, psbA-trnH, rpl32, rpl16, matK, ndhF, rpoC1, rbcL, rps16,
trnK, trnQ).According to the chloroplast phylogeny tree,
four populations with glandular hairs and four populations with non-glandular hairs are placed in two separate monophyletic clades. However, the populations
from the Western Black Sea (Akçakoca) and the Central
Black Sea (Kastamonu) belonged to opposite lineages.
According to the ribosomal phylogeny, C. endivia wasnested within C. pumilum. Similarly, C. spinosumwas
nested in the C. intybus clade. The glandular-hairy populations of C. intybus did not generate a monophyleticclade according to ITS. As a result, the glandular-hairy
populations could be evaluated as a new variety of C.
intybus based on the combined phylogenetic resultand morphological data.

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P.1338 Helichrysum Mill.
on Balkans – a review ofcurrent taxonomy

P.1339 Phylogeography of
Schlechtendalia luzulifolia,
a member of the basal
subfamily Barnadesioideae(Asteraceae)

Milica Trajković1, Milan Gavrilović1, AlfonsoSusanna2, Peđa Janaćković1
1 Department of Morphology and Systematic ofPlants, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology,
Belgrade, Serbia. 2 Botanic Institute of Barcelona(IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Spain.
Helichrysum Mill. (HAP clade-Gnaphaliinae-Gnaphalieae) comprises 500-600 species. In the central
Balkan region (Serbia, Croatia and Montenegro)
there are four species of Helichrysum, H. arenarium(L.) Moench in Serbia, Croatia and Montenegro, H.
stoechas (L.) Moench and H. litoreum Guss. in Croatia, and H. italicum (Roth) G. Don with two subspecies H. italicum subsp. italicum in Croatia and Montenegro and H. italicum subsp. microphyllum (Willd.)
Nyman in Croatia. Helichrysum italicum complex
comprises three species sharing two morphological characters: cylindrical to cylindrical-campanulate capitula and outermost involucral bracts partially or completely herbaceous and covered witha dense indumentum. These species are Helichrysum serotinum (DC.) Boiss., found in Spain, Portugal, France and Algeria with two subspecies H. serotinum subsp. serotinum and H. serotinum subsp.
picardii (Boiss. & Reut.) Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí,
H. litoreum Guss. found in Italy and Croatia and H.
italicum spread across the whole Mediterranean.
According to Galbany-Casals et al. (2006) threesubspecies are recognized within H. italicum, H. italicum subsp. italicum (widespread in Italy, Croatia,
eastern Mediterranean coast of France and Corsica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece – mainly Aegan islands and Cyprus), H. italicum subsp. microphyllum (endemic to Crete) and H. italicum subsp.
siculum (Jord. & Fourr.) Galbany, L. Sáez & Benedí(endemic to Sicily). Herrando-Moraira et al. (2016)provided a taxonomic revision of the whole H. italicum complex. The Majorcan mountain populationsof H. italicum subsp. microphyllum is considered as
H. massanellanum Herrando, J. M. Blanco, L. Sáez
& Galbany, H. italicum subsp. tyrrhenicum (Bacch.,
Brullo & Giusso) Herrando, J.M.Blanco, L.Sáez & Galbany, comprises populations from Corsica, Sardinia, Majorca coastline and Dragonera islet, while
subsp. microphyllum is restricted to the island of
Crete. These observations indicate an ambiguous
relationship within the H. italicum complex whichneeds to be reexamined.

Klusch M. Celeste1, Salariato Diego L.
1, Stuessy Tod F. 2, Nicola Marcela V. 1,
Bonifacino Mauricio J.3, Freire Susana E. 4,
Delfini Carolina1, Urtubey Estrella1
1 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, San Isidro, Argentina. 2 The Ohio State University, Columbus, UnitedStates of America. 3 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. 4
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Ciudad de
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Schlechtendalia luzulifolia Less. belongs to the basal
South American subfamily Barnadesioideae (Asteraceae). It is a perennial herb that diverges morphologically, geographically and ecologically from the othernine barnadesioid genera. This monospecific genus ismainly distributed across the ecoregions of eastern
Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil (Rio Grande do
Sul and Paraná). The objective of this study is to understand the evolutionary history and genetic diversity
and structure of this taxon. We have conducted phylogeographic studies based on a wide populational
sampling, using nuclear and plastid markers for analysing genetic spatial distribution, diversity and structure, test for range expansion, and reconstruct ancestral areas. In addition, climatic niches of the main
phylogeographic groups were studied and comparedusing multivariate techniques in environmental space.
Our results reveal two main haplogroups associatedwith: (1) savannas (Argentina and Uruguay) and grasslands (Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil); and (2)grasslands of the northern portion of the Araucaria
moist forest (Paraná, Brazil). Likewise, ecological nichecomparisons in n-dimensional space showed that
populations belonging to these two phylogeographic
groups differ not only in the ecoregions where they are
distributed, but also in the climatic niches they occupy.
These results evidence a major genetic and ecological differentiation for Schlechtendalia populations into
two main phylogroups, which suggest historical processes that may have influenced divergence of these
two metapopulations. Furthermore, results emphasizethat for this species, which grows in grasslands strongly threatened by human activity, not only should conservation of the species itself be proposed, but also of
its main phylogeographic groups.

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S.149. SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF
EUPHORBIACEAE
P.1340 AfrotropicalEuphorbiaceae generaon the EDGE: singular andendangered species

among Afrotropical Euphorbiaceae. We present our
preliminary results based on molecular data for 157
species and 144 assessments for the IUCN (ca. 55%
and 51% sampling).

Ángela Aguado-Lara1*; Paloma Ruiz deDiego1; Irene Villa-Machío1,2; Patricia
Barberá2; Ricarda Riina1, Isabel Sanmartín1
1 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Despite being larger in size than South America, Africa
hosts a lower number of vascular plant species (47%less than the Neotropics), a difference termed the“Odd-Man-Out” pattern. The family Euphorbiaceae is aclear example of this disparity in species richness (1014in Africa vs. 2548 in the Neotropics). Even more striking
is the ratio species/genera: c. 80% of African genera
comprise less than 10 described species; some of theremaining genera include hyper-diverse genera thatare also present in other tropical regions (e.g., Croton). The drivers behind this pattern are still debated,
fueled by a knowledge gap on alpha taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and species distribution ranges in comparison with the better-studied Neotropicalflora. An ongoing study on Afrotropical Euphorbiaceae revealed that some of these species-poor genera
originated in the Paleogene. We suggestthat high-extinction rates associated to an increase in aridification
arebehind species depauperation in these genera,
and that these lineages fit the “dead clade walking”
concept, i.e., formerly diverse groups bottlenecked by
an extinctionevent without subsequent recovery. Here,
we focus on 70 Afrotropical genera, summing over 288
species, of which 22 genera are monotypic. We reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and divergencetimes for each genus, based on molecular data obtained with a target sequencing approach (Hyb-Seq),and use these reconstructions to estimate rates ofdiversification, background extinction, and migration
among biomes. Afrotropical Euphorbiaceae occurs
on a variety of bioregions, being the tropical rainforest
the most threatened by climate change and humanactivities. Using the information generated above, andconservation assessments, we aim to identify EDGE
(Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered) taxa

P.1341 From morphology tophylogenomics: a hidden
adaptive radiation of
Malagasy Alchornea withseven new species
Patricia Barberá1, Armand Randrianasolo1,
Olivier Lachenaud2,3, Irene Villa-Machío1,
Peter B. Phillipson1,4, Alexander G. Linan1,
Joan Garcia-Porta5
1 Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
2 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium. 3 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 4 Muséum
National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. 5 Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Madagascar stands as a significant biodiversity hotspot,with more than 9,000 species of endemic plants. At thesame time, many of these species face substantial
threats and remain poorly known, emphasizing the needfor biodiversity exploration and species discovery on theisland. Here we address this challenge, by establishingan integrated taxonomic framework, incorporating evidence from morphology, distributions, climatic niche,
and phylogenomics, to produce a taxonomic revisionof the genus Alchornea in Madagascar and the Comoros. Before the present study, only three species were
documented in the region; however, our study revealed
that this previously known diversity was greatly underestimated. Our findings include the description of seven
new species, significantly expanding the eco-morphological species diversity within Alchornea in Madagascar.
Through the morphometric comparison of the 13 Malagasy-Comoran species with their continental relatives,
we observe a notable and rapid expansion of morphospace of island endemic lineages, consistent with theexistence of adaptive radiation. This study underscores
the power of integrating multiple sources of evidence,
not only for the discovery of new species but also for
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four of the newly described species were assessed as
threatened, stressing even more the urgency for biodiversity discovery and conservation in Madagascar.

P.1342 Origin and evolutionof tropical plant lineagesof economic interest:
integrated studies on
the megadiverse genus
Acalyphasequence data and global biodiversity databases
to study the genus Acalypha at a global scale. Our
aim is to produce comprehensive molecular phylogenies, taxonomic monographs, and identification
tools that enable subsequent studies at both global and local scales. In addition, we also aim to study
how Acalypha originated and diversified throughout
history, and to better understand the chemical andpharmacological diversity existing in the genus andits potential applications.

P.1343 Ewangoa cardiophora,
a new genus and speciesof Euphorbiaceae from the
Democratic Republic ofCongo

José María Cardiel1, Iris Montero Muñoz2,
Emma Ortúñez Rubio1, Roberto Gamarra
Gamarra1, Francisco Pando de la Hoz2,
Patricia Barberá3, Geoffrey Levin4,
Leopoldo Medina Domingo2,5, Lucía
Villaescusa González5, Pablo MuñozRodríguez5

Olivier Lachenaud1,2, Paloma Ruiz deDiego3, Ricarda Riina3, Patricia Barberá4

1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
2 Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, USA. 4 Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada. 5 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Big tropical genera host a large part of the world’s
plant diversity. These genera often have a pantropical distribution and include species of economic
interest. Acalypha, the third largest genus in Euphorbiaceae, is one such example, with ca. 500 described
species present in all tropical and subtropical regionsof the world. Around a third of Acalypha species havebeen reported to produce metabolites of pharmacological or chemical interest. Despite its relevance andpotential economic importance, most Acalypha species remain poorly known, and new species are still
described regularly. In this context, we need to accelerate the pace at which biodiversity studies are done.
This, in turn, requires a good taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge of the group, which is missing formost species. Understanding the origin and evolutionof Acalypha species requires a comprehensive approach to the whole genus and not only the speciesof economic importance. In this talk, we will present
ACALPHARMA, an ongoing project to study the taxonomy and evolution of the genus Acalypha worldwide with a focus on the species of continental Africa
and Madagascar, where the genus likely originated,
and where more species with medicinal properties
are known. Our project integrates herbarium-based
morphological studies and field work with molecular

1 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium. 2 Université
Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 3 Real Jardín
Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 4 Missouri Botanical
Garden, St. Louis, USA.
Euphorbiaceae are a very diverse family with about
230 genera and more than 6,300 species worldwide,most of which occur in tropical areas. They are notvery well-known in the Congo Basin, both due to thegenerally low density of botanical collections in thearea, and to the relative rarity of recent taxonomic
studies. An enigmatic undescribed taxon of Euphorbiaceae from the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
represented by four relatively recent (1983-2015) herbarium collections, has been investigated. Molecularphylogenetic analyses based on trnL-F and rbcL markers confirmed that this taxon represents a new genus
and species, Ewangoa cardiophora, which belongs to
the informal ‘alchorneoids clade’ of Acalyphoideae,
and appears as sister to a group composed by the
Malagasy genus Amyrea and the two African genera
Discoglypremna and Cyttaranthus. Ewangoa is easily separated from all other genera in the family by its
leaf-opposed inflorescences surrounded by a single
cordiform involucral bract. Male and female inflorescences are similar, but due to the paucity of flowering
material, it is unclear whether the species is dioecious
or monoecious. The new taxon occurs in undergrowth
lowland rainforest, from 300 to 480 m in elevation,and is known from three widely distant localities in thecentral Congo Basin depression (the area known as“cuvette congolaise”). It appears to be the only genus
of Angiosperms endemic to this region, which has a685

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lower level of plant endemism compared to the moreelevated areas to the east and west. It is assessed as
Endangered according to IUCN criteria.

P.1344 Taxonomic andphylogenetic updatesof Euphorbia section
Anisophyllum for the Iberian
Flora
Martín-Muñoz Juan1,2, Montero Muñoz Iris1,
Riina Ricarda1
1 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2 Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Euphorbia section Anysophyllum is a monophyletic
lineage within the hyperdiverse genus Euphorbia. The
section is distributed worldwide and includes numerous weedy plants that are mostly herbs and occasionally subshrubs or trees. Due to its marked morphological differences from other groups of Euphorbia suchas opposite, usually basally asymmetric leaves, interpetiolar stipules, petiolar nectary appendages and C4
photosynthesis in most of the species, this section waspreviously classified as genus Chamaesyce, but molecular phylogenetic evidence places this group wellembedded within Euphorbia, as one of the major subclades of subgenus Chamaesyce. The section comprises about 350 species, of which nine are included in Flora iberica (treated as genus Chamaesyce).
Our goal with this study is to update the systematic
knowledge of this group for the Iberian Peninsula byrevising the herbarium specimens accumulated after
the publication of Flora iberica in 1997, documenting
recently introduced or previously unrecorded species,
and providing a phylogenetic framework using multiple samples per species and universal genetic markers used in previous Euphorbia studies. We will also update the identification key and include additional tools
for specimen identification.

P.1345 Taxonomic revisionof the genus Tragia(Euphorbiaceae) in Gabon
Iris Montero Muñoz1, Patricia Barberá2
1 Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, USA.

Gabon, including more than 7,000 plant species, is
one of the most diverse countries in tropical Africa.
Despite its high levels of biodiversity, extensive areas
remain either completely unexplored or insufficiently
studied, leaving significant gaps in the knowledge ofmany of the plant groups existing in the region. This is
the case for the genus Tragia, the sixth largest genus
within the Euphorbiaceae family (tribe Plukenetiae).
This pantropical genus of c. 150 nettle-like species
comprises twining, scandent, or erect herbs or subshrubs that are mainly distributed in dry habitats. It
includes c. 40-50 species in sub-Saharan Africa, butthey are relatively difficult to identify due to their variability in some morphological characters (female
flower and fruit bracts, bracteoles, and calyx) and by
the absence of a recent comprehensive taxonomic treatment. In the Checklist of Gabonese Vascular
Plants, published in 2006, five species of Tragia were
included. After revising all the material collected in
Gabon and adjacent countries for the treatment of
the flora, we recognize six species for the country. This
includesthe description of a new one and the exclusion of two previously cited in Gabon. We also recover
one name previously cited as a synonym.

P.1346 Solving the
puzzle: systematics andbiogeography of Acalypha(Euphorbiaceae) of theWestern Indian Ocean
RegionIris Montero Muñoz1, Patricia Barberá2,
José María Cardiel3, Ricarda Riina1
1 Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, USA.
3 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Acalypha is one of the biggest genera in the Euphorbiaceae family, after Euphorbia and Croton, and ispresent in all tropical and subtropical regions of theworld. It comprises mainly small trees and shrubs, butalso herbs. Species range from tropical humid forests
to sub-desertic areas, and from sea level to about
4000m in tropical mountains. The greatest diversity isfound in tropical America, with c. 250 species, followedby continental Africa, with c. 80 species, and the Western Indian Ocean Region (WIOR), with c. 51 species.
WIOR is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots and is
especially interesting in the case of Acalypha because
three of the four subgenera are present and includes

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a high number of endemic species, being one of themain centers of diversity in the paleotropics. Recently
a monograph of Acalypha of the WIOR has been published, which is the starting point of our phylogenetic
study. We have sampled 100% of the species including
more than one sample per species when available.
We also complement the genus-wide sampling of thelast phylogeny published in 2022. We sequenced one
nuclear region (ITS) and three plastid regions (trnLF,
ndhF, psbA). This comprehensive phylogenetic framework allows us to understand processes of diversification and speciation in the focal WIOR clades, as well as
the main biogeographic patterns and the identification of high-diversity areas within the WIOR.

P.1348 Unraveling the
sticky clade of Croton(Euphorbiaceae):
phylogenetics andclassification update ofsubsection Medea

morphology only. Our sampling included 82 species(115 specimens): 31 species (49 specimens) from C.
subsect. Medea; 23 species (36 specimens) from other subsections of sect. Barhamia; and 28 species (30specimens) from other Croton clades as outgroups.
Our results allow us to recircumscribe the subsection
Medea with 38 species ranging across South America,
with the highest diversity in Brazil. We also provide amorphological description and geographic range updated of the subsection Medea, and a list of currently
accepted species names in the group.

P.1349 An updated list of
Croton subsect. Barhamia(Euphorbiaceae) for
Neotropical region
Nicolas G. Burilli1, Amanda P. N. Pereira2,
Maria B. R. Caruzo1,2
1 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp. Institutode Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas,
Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, SãoPaulo, Brazil. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Unidade Jardim Botânico, São Paulo, Brazil.

Amanda da Paixão Noronha Pereira1,
Ricarda Riina2, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Caruzo1,3
1 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade
Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas
Ambientais – Unidade Jardim Botânico, São Paulo,
Brazil. 2 Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid, Spain. 3 Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp. Institutode Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Diadema, Brazil.
Croton is a megadiverse genus, with more than 1,200
species widespread mainly in tropical regions worldwide. Currently, 31 sections are recognized for the genus in the New World. Among these sections, C. sect.
Barhamia stands out as one of the three largest in
species number. Croton sect. Barhamia was divided
into 5 subsections, and the most diverse one is the C.
subsect. Medea. Species of subsection Medea sharea set of diagnostic characters, such as indumentum with often stellate or lepidote trichomes, reduplicate-valvate pistillate sepals, tetrafid to multifid styles,
and stand out by its stipules, bracts, and sepals withglands (colleters). We provide a revised assessmentof Croton subsect. Medea based on molecular data.
We used nuclear ITS and chloroplast (trnL-F, trnT-L)
data to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis to confirm the correct phylogenetic placement of the species previously included in the subsection based on

Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a megadiverse genus
with approximately 1200 species distributed mainly intropical regions worldwide. The genus is divided into
four subgenera and 31 sections for the New World, with
Barhamia standing out with about 80 species. The
section is an exclusively Neotropical group, from open
and dry vegetation, which can be recognized by a setof characters including leaf blade serrate to dentate,trichomes stellate, stipules glandular, sepals valvate,some species with bracts glandular and pistillate sepals often glandular. The section Barhamia is currently divided into 5 subsections (Astraeopsis, Barhamia,
Medea, Micranthi and Sellowiorum). Considering its
high morphological diversity, and scarce studies, we
focus on subsection Barhamia, where we identified agap in knowledge. This study focused on survey andupdate the species belonging to Croton subsection
Barhamia, which previously included 19 species. Recent studies have removed species from the subsection, in response, our work proposes an updated
list of species, as well as an identification key for themand comments on their geographic distribution. The
taxonomy study was based mainly on the analysis of
herbaria materials, original protologues, and photographs of the type specimens. Moreover, the observation of species in the field, in the states of Bahia andMinas Gerais, was a complement for understanding

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the morphological variation of some species. Our results pointed out an increase for 20 species belonging
to the subsection, besides a better understanding oftaxonomic delimitation and extend of geographicalrange of each species. This study expects to determine new morphological characters for species circumscription and increase knowledge about Crotonin the neotropical region.

P.1350 Relationships
among the Euphorbiaceae
illuminated by highthroughput sequencing
data: first steps towards a
new classification
Otávio Luis M. da Silva1,2, Kenneth J.
Wurdack3, Ricarda Riina4, Inês Cordeiro1,
Federico Fabriani5, Olivier Maurin5, Sue
Zmarzty5, Alexandre Zuntini5, Felix Forest5,
William Baker5
1 Núcleo de Pesquisa Conservação da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo,
Brazil. 2 Departamento de Botânica, Universidadede São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 3 National Museumof Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA. 4 Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid,
Spain. 5 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond,United Kingdom.
Resolving relationships among Euphorbiaceae arechallenging due to the family’s diversity, age, and wide

geographical distribution. Molecular studies from early 2000’s indicated the paraphyly of Acalyphoideae
and Crotonoideae, as well of many tribes and subtribes, and poorly supported relationships among theseven major lineages within the family. Based on genomic data generated by the Plant and Fungal Treesof Life (PAFTOL) project for 150 of the ca. 230 generaof Euphorbiaceae, we corroborated the inclusion of
Erismantheae as the first diverging lineage in Acalyphoideae, and therefore the monophyly of this subfamily. The sister relationship between Acalyphoideae
and Euphorbioideae is indicated, but with low support.
On the other hand, the monophyly of Crotonoideae
is strongly supported, with the articulated crotonoids
as early diverging within the subfamily, followed by aclade comprising Gelonieae and Adenoclineae, excluding Klaineanthus, which was recovered as sisterto the inaperturate crotonoids. Within the inaperturate
crotonoids, our data present advances on the relationships among the C2 clade, recovering two large
clades, one uniting genera mostly from Africa, and theother with genera from Asia, Australasia and Pacific.
However, some internal clades present low support
and notably indicate paraphyletic Aleuritideae andCodiaeae. Within the Euphorbioideae, Hippomaneae represents a gap in our taxonomic sampling, with
only nine of the nearly 40 genera sampled. Advancespresented here represent first steps towards a well-resolved generic phylogeny that would underly a newclassification for the Euphorbiaceae and support future studies concerning the evolution of the astonishing morphological diversity of the family and its biogeographic history.

S.150. SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF
LAMIALES
1 Department of Biology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale,
Turkey. 2 Department of Mats and Science, Ondokuz
Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. 3 Department of
Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University,
Erzurum, Turkey. 4 Department of Biology, Universityof Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, USA.

P.1351 Biogeographyof the genus Lamium(Lamiaceae) based on
the most comprehensive
phylogenetic analysis
Ferhat Celep1, Fergan Karaer2, Aslı Yılmaz3,
Jeff Rose4, Bryan Drew4

Lamium L., the type genus of the Lamiaceae, comprises 16–40 species, depending on the circumscriptionof the genus. Recent morphological and molecularphylogenetic studies shown that taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus needs extensive revision particularly on infrageneric and species delimitations. In this688

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study, all known Lamium species were used for phylogenetic analysis with 2 nuclear (ITS and ETS) and 4
chloroplast regions (matK, rpoA, ycf1 and psba-trnH).
ETS and ycf1 regions were used for the first time in thisstudy. We estimated divergence times using the software BEAST. There were some incongruences between
the nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies. Based on theanalysis, nrDNA regions provided better results whencomparing the morphology and taxonomy. Based on
nrDNA phylogeny and fossil records, we found ancestral areas and biogeographic pattern of the genus using BioGeoBEARS. According to the results, the genus
naturally originated in mostly crossroad of the Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian phytogeographic regions in Miocene (16-24 mya). Turkey isthe center of the diversity of the genus. Although somespecies are specialized in one phytogeographic region, some other species are distributed in three phytogeographic regions. For example, L. galeobdolon, L.
maculatum and L. ponticum are only grow in Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region, on the other hand, L.
garganicum complex, L. flexuosum, L. eriocephalum, L.
gevorense and L. bifidum are grow in Mediterranean
region and L. tomentosum, L. iranicum, L. orientale, L.
multifidum and L. aleppicum are grow in Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region. Lamium amplexicaule,
L. purpureum and L. album are grown in two or threephytogeographic regions.

P.1352 Systematics andbiogeography of Cyrtandra(Gesneriaceae) in Sumatra,Indonesia
Syadwina H. Dalimunthe1,2,4, Catherine
Kidner1,2, Hannah J. Atkins2, Gemma L.
C. Bramley3, Flávia Fonseca Pezzini2,
Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro4
1 Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The Universityof Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2 Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 3 Royal Botanic Garden
Kew, Richmond, UK. 4 Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution (BRIN), West Java, Indonesia.
Cyrtandra is the largest genus in the Gesneriaceae
family and has more than 800 species distributed
across Asia and the Pacific. It is a common elementin tropical Southeast Asian forests, including in Sumatra, Indonesia. Sumatra is the third largest islandin the Malesian region and has been recognized for
its high plant species richness, yet it lacks a comprehensive taxonomic treatment. Diversity in Sumatra ispoorly known due to low collecting density on the island. An updated taxonomic revision of Cyrtandra in
Sumatra and a well-sampled, robust phylogeny will be
an important contribution to our understanding of theevolution and biogeography of Southeast Asian plantgroups. The results of preliminary systematic and biogeography analysis are presented.

P.1353 Unravelingthe phylogeny andmorphological evolutionof the Neotropicalgenus Cuspidaria
DC. (Bignoniaeae,
Bignoniaceae)
Jéssica N. C. Francisco1, Luiz H. M.
Fonseca2, Lúcia G. Lohmann1,3
1 Department of Botany, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Systematic and Evolutionary
Botany Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 3 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
In this study, we integrated High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) data with targeted loci to reconstruct a robust phylogeny of Cuspidaria DC. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), a diverse clade of lianas and shrubs inSouth American wet and dry forests. We used HTS tosequence the chloroplast genome of seven Cuspidaria individuals, encompassing all main clades of thegenus, and used this data to reconstruct relationships
at the phylogeny’s deepest nodes (backbone). Sanger
sequences of chloroplast (ndhF and rpl32-trnL) andnuclear (PepC) markers from 64 individuals representing 18 of the 21 recognized Cuspidaria species
were then used to test individual species’ monophyly
and reconstruct interspecific relationships. Maximum
likelihood and Bayesian inferences of the combined
datasets, including 64 Cuspidaria individuals and 22
outgroup taxa, reconstructed a monophyletic Cuspidaria, excluding C. bracteata, placed within the outgroup. Ancestral state reconstructions for selectedcharacters identified 10 putative morphological synapomorphies across different Cuspidaria lineages.
For example, anther curvature emerged as a putative
synapomorphy for the entire Cuspidaria clade, whilefeatures like gland fields, leaf morphology, venation
patterns, and certain fruit characteristics served as
putative synapomorphies for specific clades within
Cuspidaria. This study demonstrates that even limited

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chloroplast genomic data, combined with extensive
Sanger data, can provide a robust understanding ofphylogenetic relationships. It contributes valuable insights into Cuspidaria’s phylogenetic relationships, enhancing our understanding of taxonomy, evolutionary
history, and morphological evolution within the group.

P.1354 Building bridges
and growing genomes: anawards program to support
international collections andgenomics infrastructure

and our partners as well as statistics that demonstrate
the relative impact of this award and the effectivenessof our strategic sampling approach that focuses oncurrent taxonomic gaps in existing collections.

P.1355 Abundant
incongruence in a clade
endemic to a biodiversity
hotspot: Phylogeneticsof the scrub mint clade(Lamiaceae)
Andre A. Naranjo1,2, Christine E. Edwards3,
Matthew A. Gitzendanner4, Douglas E.
Soltis2,4,Pamela S. Soltis2

Morgan R. Gostel1,2, Ray Mims3, Patricia
Malcolm4, Charlotte Ely4, Raakel Toppila5,
Elizabeth Thomas6, Devin Dotson3, Abby
Meyer5
1 Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Fort Worth, USA. 2 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA. 3 United States Botanic
Garden, Washington, USA. 4 Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK. 5 Botanic
Gardens Conservation International US, San Marino, USA. 6 University of Georgia, Athens, USA.
Access to high-quality tissue samples is a limiting
factor for plant genomics research in the 21st Century.
Recognizing this need, the Global Genome Initiative for
Gardens (GGI-Gardens) was founded in 2015 for the
purpose of collecting and preserving genome quality
tissues for all species of plants on Earth. Since this time,
GGI-Gardens has grown to an international partnership of more than 50 botanic gardens that has supported the collection of more than 15,000 herbariumand genomic vouchers and over 3,000 vascular plant
genera. The partnership is rooted in building capacity
to support collections at botanic gardens and foster
collaboration with the genomics community. Botanic
gardens are home to a remarkable proportion of plantbiodiversity and work on the front lines of plant conservation, which makes them ideally suited to support the
rapidly expanding opportunities for plant genomics
research. In 2017, GGI-Gardens started the GGI-Gardens Partner Award program in collaboration with theUnited States Botanic Garden and Botanic Gardens
Conservation International. To date, this award program has supported 36 botanic garden programsfrom 31 partners in 21 countries. This poster highlights
our plan for strategic success of this program that isdriven by a perspective focused on outcomes for ourpartners. We highlight statistics from these awards
that reflect the success of this collections program

1 Institute of Environment Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami,
USA. 2 Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 3 Missouri Botanical
Garden, St. Louis, USA. 4 Department of Biology University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
The Scrub Mint clade (Lamiaceae) provides a uniquesystem for investigating the evolutionary processes
driving diversification in the North American Coastal Plain from both a systematic and biogeographic
context. The clade comprises Dicerandra, Conradina, Piloblephis, Stachydeoma, and four species ofthe broadly defined genus Clinopodium (Mentheae;
Lamiaceae), almost all of which are endemic to theNorth American Eastern Coastal Plain. Most speciesof this clade are threatened or endangered and restricted to sandhill or a mosaic of scrub habitats. We
analyzed relationships in this clade to understandthe evolution of the group and identify evolutionary
mechanisms acting on the clade, with important implications for conservation. We used a target-capture
method to sequence and analyze 238 nuclear lociacross all species of scrub mints, reconstructed thephylogeny, and calculated gene tree concordance,
gene tree estimation error, and reticulation indices forevery node in the tree using ML methods. Phylogenetic
networks were used to determine reticulation events.
Our nuclear phylogenetic estimates were consistent
with previous results, while greatly increasing the robustness of taxon sampling. The phylogeny resolved
the full relationship between Dicerandra and Conradina and the less-studied members of the clade (Piloblephis, Stachydeoma, Clinopodium spp.). We foundhotspots of gene tree discordance and reticulation
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dra. Several instances of reticulation events were uncovered between annual and perennial Dicerandra,
and within the Conradina + allies clade. Incomplete
lineage sorting also likely contributed to phylogenetic
discordance. These results clarify phylogenetic relationships in the clade and provide insight on important
evolutionary drivers in the clade, such as hybridization.
General relationships in the group were confirmed,
while the large amount of gene tree discordance islikely due to reticulation across the phylogeny.

P.1356 The trichome
diversity in genus
Clinopodium L. from theBalkans with emphasison the transferred genus
Acinos Mill.

in the presence of different capitate trichomes andgeneral micromorphological appearance. In somecases, the indumentum of populations belonging todifferent taxa was identical (e.g., AC and ALH, AC and
ALA). Bearing in mind previous research on this issue inthe family Lamiaceae, these results suggest that micromorphological characters may be useful features
for delimiting taxa in some groups and not in others.
However, such a complex relationship between taxa
in the structure of the indumentum indicates a very
complex biology of Acinos taxa, and broader sampling may facilitate this taxonomic problem.

P.1357 Phylogenetic
investigation of Justicia(Acanthaceae) using
molecular, morphologicaland micromorphologicaldata

Janković Smiljana1, Rajčević Nemanja1,
Novaković Jelica1, Marin D. Petar1, Alimpić
Aradski Ana1

P. Soumya1, Y. Deng2, P. Sunojkumar3, S.S.
Dash4

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade,
Serbia, jelica@bio.bg.ac.rs.
The genus Clinopodium L. comprises 186 accepted
species, distributed in Europe, Asia, Indomalasia, the
New World and Africa. Through great taxonomic revisions, inter alia, the complete genus Acinos Mill. has
been transferred to Clinopodium. The taxa from theformer genus Acinos exhibit great morphological variability, and various transitional forms between taxa
are noticed. This study aims to provide insight into themicromorphological pattern of variability in a groupof former Acinos taxa and to examine whether thesecharacters could be useful for the taxa delimitation.
Additionally, more detailed knowledge of the micromorphological patterns of this group may be useful forunderstanding the diversity in the genus Clinopodium.
This study includes five taxa (15 populations) collected
in Serbia and Northern Macedonia: C. acinos (L.) Kuntze (AC), C. alpinum subsp. alpinum (L.) Kuntze (AL), C.
alpinum subsp. hungaricum (Simonk.) Govaerts (ALH),
C. alpinum subsp. albanicum (Kümmerle & Jáv.) Govaerts (ALA), and C. suaveolens (Sm.) Kuntze (SU). The
middle leaves of each population were selected, airdried, and analysed from both sides under a scanningelectron microscope. All populations showed peltate,
capitate and non-glandular trichomes. The great diversity is noticed in the morphology of the capitate trichomes, which have as many as nine subtypes. However, all studied taxa exhibit interpopulation variability

1 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey ofIndia, Howrah, West Bengal, India. 2 South China
Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China. 3 University of Calicut, Malappuram District, Kerala, India. 4
Botanical Survey of India, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West
Bengal, India.
Justicia L. is the most species-rich and taxonomicallycomplex genus within the tribe Justicieae (Acanthaceae) comprising 700 species worldwide (Kiel et al.,2017). It is mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions, extending into warm temperate zones
in Europe, Asia and North America (Graham, 1988). Dueto its extensive distribution, the taxonomic identity ofJusticia has long been debated among researchers,
ultimately leading to the recognition of numerous infrageneric groups within the genus. In India, the genus is represented by approximately 51 species and 5varieties (Karthikeyan et al., 2009), exhibiting high endemism. However, adequately assessing the identityof all these entities is challenging due to the extreme
phenotypic plasticity exhibited by this group. The latest infrageneric classification of Justicia by Graham(1988) was exclusively based on morphological characters, but many Indian species did not fit well into
any of these sectional treatments with morphologicalcharacters sometimes overlapping across sections.
Furthermore, previous phylogenetic studies by Kiel etal. (2017) have suggested the polyphyletic nature of691

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the genus, emphasizing the need for increased sampling from old-world countries to trace its evolutionary
origins. Even though India represents one of the largest
species diversity countries in the world, poor representation of Indian endemic forms in such wide studies
causes controversy regarding the generic delineationof Indian Justicia. Similarly, the placement of Rungia
within Justicia is also uncertain due to unclear relationships and the insufficient representation of Indiantaxa. Therefore, the present study focuses on: 1) conducting a well-sampled phylogenetic study of the genus Justicia in India; 2) re-evaluating the infragenericgroups present in Indian Justicia through an integrated approach involving morphological, micromorphological and molecular data; 3) determining whether
Indian Rungia species belong to Justicia or not?

P.1358 First steps towards
the conservation of endemic
Italian Salvia throughpopulation genomics

structure approach with phylogenomic analysis to assess whether there is divergence between S. pratensis populations that may support speciation of different endemic taxa. Moreover, we have sequenced
and assembled the genome of S. pratensis to use as
reference for GBS. We are also annotating the genes
related to pollination syndromes to assess the role ofplant-pollinator interaction in S. pratensis diversification. In the future, we are going to integrate the collection with a wider sampling range, potentially including
samples from outside of Italy. As a final goal, we would
like to identify markers from GBS to barcode species
and phylogeographic variation that can be easily produced with Sanger sequencing to better develop ex
situ collections.

P.1359 A study of phylogeny
and biogeography of
the genus Scutellaria(Lamiaceae)
Rashad A. Salimov1, Gerald Parolly2,
Thomas Borsch2

Chiara Paleni , Cristina Puricelli , Camilla
Pieri1, Silvia Manrique2, Larissa De Paola1,
Aureliano Bombarely3, Martin M. Kater1,
Carla Lambertini1
1

1

1 Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 2 Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain. 3
Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas(CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain.
Salvia is a common taxon in the collections of botanical gardens due to its long history of medicinal andculinary use across the world. Twenty-five species canbe found in the wild in Italy; S. pratensis is one of themost common and is closely related to some endemic taxa with debated species rank, defined by someauthors as the S. pratensis species complex (S. ceratophylloides, S. saccardiana, S. pratensis subsp. haematodes, S. pratensis subsp. bertolonii). We are interested in studying the distribution of genetic diversity inwild populations of Salvia pratensis and related taxa
to inform species delimitation and define a conservation strategy that can be applied by botanical gardens to conserve genetic variation and resources of,potentially, any ex-situ collection. We are characterizing a collection of samples from wild populations ofSalvia in Italy with Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS)
to obtain genetic variation data. Thanks to a networkof collaborators, this collection spans a large portionof the Italian territory and 15 Salvia taxa. We analysed
the genomic variation by combining a population

1 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Sumgayit State University, Sumgayit, Azerbaijan. 2 Botanischer Garten
und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Scutellaria L. (Scutellarioideae) is the second largest
genus of the Lamiaceae with a nearly worldwide distribution. The species numbers range from 360 species estimated by Paton and Harley to 617 accepted
names in the World Flora Online. Most species occur
mainly in mountain regions of the Caucasus and thewider Irano-Turanian region, particularly Central Asia
and Afghanistan, many of them considered endemic.
However, temperate region of the Eastern Mediterranean and in the tropics mountain regions of the Andes
represents the second centers of its speciation. Because of the highly variable morphology of the many
species and treatments in different Floras, Scutellaria
is one of the most difficult genera taxonomically. Several species complexes need study. Our studies werecarried out in nature and herbarium materials of theScutellaria in 2016-2020. Herbarium specimens deposited at the herbarium of BAK, B, NY, MO, LE, TBI, MSKU,
MSKH, MSK-V, MARK as well as other available Floraaccounts and the results of monitoring carried out by
authors in nature were analyzed. Based on fast-evolving DNA regions in the chloroplast genome (matK-trnK,
rpl16, trnL-F), we reconstructed the phylogenetics relationship of Scutellaria using 76 taxa representing most692

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infrageneric entities recognised by Paton and nearly
all subgenera, sections or series accepted by Juzepczuk and main geographical areas in the previous
classifications of the genus. In light of molecular andmorphological evidence, an infrageneric classification
with three major clades or subgenera of Scutellaria is
proposed. Currently accepted subgenus Scutellaria isparaphyletic to subgenus Apeltanthus. The detailed
infrageneric classification of Juzepczuk mostly does
not reflect natural groups. Ancestral states of 12 morphological characters frequently used as diagnostic
from subgenus to species level were reconstructedwith Bayes Traits.

regions with the highest taxon number are Irano-Turanian (88 taxa (37%)), Euro-Siberian (42 taxa (18%)
and Caucasian (39 taxa (16%)) regions.12 taxa are inthreatened categories (CR-4, EN1, and VU-7) and 12 arenear threatened (NT) according to IUCN. 7 species arelisted in the 2nd edition of Red Book of Azerbaijan. After
current nomenclatural updates, the result proved that
Azerbaijan with its landscape and habitat diversity
plays a significant role in speciation of the Lamiaceae
family in the Caucasus.

P.1360 Taxonomy,
Nomenclature andBioecology of Lamiaceae L.
species in Azerbaijan

P.1362 Phylogenetic
relationships within
Phlomoides (Lamioideae:
Lamiaceae): new insightsfrom nuclear and plastid
DNA sequence data

Rashad A. Salimov1, Sabina F.
Hajiyeva2, Lala Z. Isgandarova2, Ulkar E.
Ibrahimzada2

Yasaman Salmaki1, Maryam Almasi1,
Zohreh Pourghorban1, Maximilian
Weigend2

1 Faculty of Science, Sumgayit State University,
Sumgayit, Azerbaijan. 2 Institute of Botany, The Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan.

1 Department of Plant Science, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran. 2 Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology,
University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Azerbaijan is part of the Caucasus, which is one of the
36 biodiversity hotspots in the world and possesses aunique phytogeographic region within the South Caucasus. Azerbaijan consists of about 5,000 species ofvascular plants that represent ~79% of the total species known for the Caucasus region. By species count,
Lamiaceae is the fourth plant family with greater diversity in Azerbaijan flora. Based on the field investigations, ongoing molecular systematic studies, clarification and re-identification of herbarium specimens
lead to taxonomical and nomenclatural disputableissues regarding generic, infrageneric, specific, andinfraspecific classifications. The family is represented
by 37 genera, 241 taxa (204 (native and introduced)
species, and 37 subspecies) of which 19 taxa are endemics. 4,638 herbarium specimens of BAK and 1,245
specimens from various virtual herbaria have been
analyzed. 46 new taxa were added as a supplementary to the VII volume Flora of Azerbaijan after its publication. The largest three genera according to taxon
number are Salvia L. (38 taxa), Nepeta L. (30 taxa), andStachys L. (25 taxa). Mountain part of Nakhchivan (62taxa), Diabar (58), Guba part of the Greater Caucasus(37) are the most species-rich and genera-rich botanical-geographical regions. The phytogeographic

The genus Phlomoides, comprising approximately
150–170 species, is the second-largest and taxonomically most challenging genus in subfamily Lamioideae(Lamiaceae). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies
have led to the inclusion of a range of former segregate
genera - Eremostachys, Lamiophlomis, Metastachydium, Notochaete, Paraeremostachys, Pseuderemostachys, and Pseudomarrubium - into Phlomoides.
This reassignment has rendered Phlomoides one of
the most heterogeneous genera of Lamiaceae. Phlomoides is very widespread from the central Mediterranean to NE Asia with centres of diversity across mountainous and arid regions across Central Asia, Iran, andChina. However, its phylogeny and evolution remain
are poorly understood. Here, we present the phylogeny of Phlomoides utilizing nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast(trnT-A, trnK) regions, with an expanded range of taxa
and across its range. Based on Bayesian Inference
and maximum likelihood approaches, the monophyly of the expanded Phlomoides is strongly supported
in both the nuclear and plastid phylogenies. At thesame time, most previously defined infrageneric classifications were found to be non-monophyletic. In ourstudy five main clades were retrieved as consecutive
sister clades: Clade I include “Notochaete” and “Lamiophlomis”, along with the core group of Chinese Phlo-693

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moides (P. sect. Phlomoides). Clades II, III, and IV consistof species distributed across both East and Central
Asia. Clade II and III, comprise five resp. three species of sect. Phlomoides. Clade IV includes monotypic“Metastachydium”, along with P. tuberosa, P. puberulaand P. adylovii. Clade V predominantly comprises Central and southwestern Asian species, mostly from “Eremostachys”. The diversification of extant Phlomoides
lineages is suggested to have originated from an early
diversification in Eastern and Central Asia, with subsequent dispersal towards the west.

P.1363 Proposal toconserve the nameThymus marschallianus(Lamiaceae)
Vladimir M. Vasjukov1
1 Institute of Ecology of the Volga river basin of theRussian Academy of Science.
Thymus marschallianus Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 141. 1800 [Angiosp.: Lab.]. The species was described from the former Taurida province (Russia). Lectotypus (Vasjukov in
Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 45: 117. 2014): “ex Herb. Willdenow” (B barcode B-W 11029-02 0). Thymus marschallianus is a species of forest–steppe and steppe zone of

Eastern Europe, Western Siberia and Central Asia (fromthe Southern Bug to the Irtysh): Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang), Ukraine. The indications forCentral Europe relate to other, albeit similar species or
hybridogenic complexes of different origins. Jalas (inBot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 259. 1971; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort.
Regii Taur.: 6. 1773) reduces T. marschallianus to synonyms with the Central European T. pannonicus All. We
insist on the independence of T. marschallianus relative to T. pannonicus, taking into account the differences in life form (T. pannonicus is capable of vegetative reproduction, with the formation of large curtains,while T. marschallianus is not). The life form is important in the taxonomy of thyme and it is not entirely clear
why this feature is ignored. Nachychko & Sosnovsky (inTaxon 70(2): 439-440. 2021) even suggest rejecting thename T. marschallianus. We have shown (Vasjukov
in Novosti Sist. Higher. Rest. 45:117. 2014), that the sample previously selected as the lectotype of the nameT. marschallianus in the Herbarium of the Martin-Luther-Universität in Halle (Schmidt in Feddes Repert.
83:666. 1973; HAL barcode HAL 0014427; isolectotypus: B
barcode B-W 11029-01 0) does not correspond to either
the description of the species or the modern idea of
this taxon (and actually belongs to T. callieri Borbás ex
Velen.), therefore cannot be accepted as a lectotype.
We propose to keep the name T. marschallianus withthe selected lectotype from the original material for its
traditional use.

S.151. SYSTEMATICS, BIOGEOGRAPHY,
ADAPTATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE GRAPEFAMILY VITACEAE
P.1364 Unveiling theevolutionary andpantropical biogeographic
history of Cissus, the largest
genus of the grape family
Vitaceae
Alberto J. Coello1, 2,Gabriel Johnson1, Jun
Wen1
1 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington DC, United States. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Pantropical disjunction is a major biogeographic
pattern often attributed to the break-up of Gondwana, but vicariance is not the mechanism for thisdisjunction in many plant groups. One of the plant
genera with a pantropical disjunction is Cissus, thelargest genus of Vitaceae (c. 300 species). Currently, two main clades have been recognized in
Cissus s.l.: the Cissus antarctica – C. trianae clade
and the core Cissus clade. The Cissus antarctica– C. trianae has only eight species in Australasia
and the Americas and has been recently segregated as a new genus Apocissus. The core Cissus
is widely distributed in the Southern Hemisphereand tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
A possible hybrid origin for the smaller Cissus ant-

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arctica – C. trianae clade has been suggested
that involved the stem lineage of Cissus and thetropical ancestral lineage of Ampelocissus – Vitis. Additionally, within the core Cissus there are
two major biogeographic patterns: a disjunction
pattern between Africa and Asia, and radiationin the Neotropics. Therefore, we propose to unveil
the phylogenetic relationships of Cissus s.l. anduntangle the pantropical biogeographic patterns
using Cissus as a model. In particular, in this project we propose to: (i) test the hybrid origin of the
Cissus antarctica – C. trianae clade (Apocissus),(ii) explore the Cissus radiation in the Neotropics,and (iii) study the African – Asian disjunction of
the core Cissus. To achieve these goals, we employ the target-enrichment Hyb-Seq approach forc. 200 specimens of Cissus and analyze the phylogenomic data together with morphological data
in an integrative temporal and spatial framework.
The results will shed light on the assembly anddevelopment of tropical forests through time andacross spaces and contribute to the understanding of major pantropical biogeographic patterns.

P.1365 Resolving the Vitis
arizonica complex and the
Occidentales group of Vitis
in North America

Central and Western Mexico, including V. blancoi
Munson, V. bloodworthiana, V. jaegeriana, and V.
peninsularis. Here we included a geographicallyand morphologically broad range of representative populations of the Occidentales group andconducted phylogenomic analyses using a bait
set of 1013 genes. ASTRAL was used to infer a Maximum Quartet Support Species Tree, which resolved
V. californica as sister to the moderately supported Occidentales group. Within the Occidentales
group, Vitis arizonica did not form a monophyletic
group. Two samples of V. arizonica from western
Texas and Mexico are sister to a clade composedof four subclades. The earliest diverging clade ishighly supported representing samples of the California and Baja California endemic V. girdiana,
which in turn is sister to an unambiguously supported clade of three subclades of V. arizonica. We
recovered one weakly supported clade (PP 0.38)
of Vitis arizonica from Northern Arizona, sister toa weakly supported clade with several well-supported subclades. The easternmost population of
V. arizonica from Kimble Co., Texas was resolved
to be closely related to the V. cinerea complex.
The phylogenomic results call for reassessment ofspecies delimitations in the V. arizonica complex.

P.1366 The genus
Cyphostemma (Vitaceae)
in Gabon, with one new
species

Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond1, Alicia Talavera2,
Gabriel Johnson2, Zelong Nie3, Jun Wen2
1 UA Museum of the North Herbarium and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA. 2 Department of Botany,
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington DC, USA. 3 College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University,
Jishou, Hunan, China.
The grape genus Vitis L. has received considerable
attention from viticulturists, plant biologists, andgeneticists. Recent molecular sequencing efforts
have supported several novel relationships in thegenus in North America. Included was a monophyletic clade corresponding to the Occidentales group of subgenus Vitis, but only few samples
from the highly variable Vitis arizonica complex(the canyon grape and its close allies) were included. Species of the Occidentales group haveleaves with small stipules (1-3 mm long), small
fruits (4-11 mm in diameter) that ripe late, including V. arizonica, V. girdiana, V. acerifolia, V. riparia,
V. rupestris, V. treleasei, and several species from

Olivier Lachenaud1,2
1 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium. 2 Université
Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Cyphostemma is the second largest genus of Vitaceae with around 200 species, forming threemajor clades, one in Asia, one in Madagascar,and the third mostly in continental Africa, with afew species in Madagascar and the Comoros. The
genus is especially diverse in dry areas of eastern and southern Africa, with a markedly lower
diversity in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest zone,of which Gabon is part. Only three Cyphostemma
species have so far been recorded from Gabon:
C. adenocaule, C. adenopodum, and C. ukerewense. A new species, C. trigonospermum, is here
recognized based on one recent collection by
the author in the Mayombe range, in the extreme
south of the country; it is easily recognized by itsvery characteristic seed shape. An examination

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the occurrence in Gabon of C. perforatum, previously considered endemic to the Democratic

Republic of Congo. As a result, five species of Cyphostemma are now known from Gabon, one ofwhich is so far only known from the country.

S.152. SYSTEMATICS, EVOLUTION AND
DIVERSIFICATION OF MAGNOLIALES(ANNONACEAE, EUPOMATIACEAE,MAGNOLIACEAE, MYRISTICACEAE)
P.1367 What happened in
the tropical rain forestsof Africa during the last
25 Myr? Insights from
the Monodoreae tribe(Annonaceae).
Léo-Paul M. J. Dagallier1,2, Fabien L.
Condamine3, Thomas L.P. Couvreur1
1 DIADE, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier,France. 2 New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, USA. 3
CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Throughout the Cenozoic, Africa underwent several climatic and geological changes impacting
the evolution of tropical rainforests (TRF). African
TRF are thought to have extended from East toWest in a ‘pan-African’ TRF, followed by several
events of fragmentation during drier climate periods. During the Miocene, climate cooling andmountain uplift led to the aridification of tropical Africa and open habitats expanded at theexpense of TRF, which likely experienced local extinctions. However, in plants, these drivers werepreviously inferred using limited taxonomic andmolecular data. Here, we tested the impact of climate and geological changes on diversification
within the diverse clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae) composed of 90 tree species restricted to
African TRF. We reconstructed a near complete
phylogenetic tree, based on 32 nuclear genes,
and dated using relaxed clocks and fossil calibrations in a Bayesian framework. We inferred
the biogeographic history and the diversification
dynamics of the clade using multiple birth-deathmodels. Monodoreae originated in East African

TRF ca. 25 million years ago (Ma) and expanded
toward Central Africa during the Miocene. We inferred range contractions during the middle Miocene and documented important connections
between East and West African TRF after 15–13 Ma.
Our results indicated a sudden extinction event
during the late Miocene, followed by an increasein speciation rates. Birth-death models suggested
that African elevation change (orogeny) is positively linked to speciation in this clade. East Africa
is inferred as an important source of Monodoreae
species, and possibly for African plant diversity ingeneral. Our results support a scenario where increased aridification triggered extinction of TRF
species in Monodoreae. This was quickly followedby rainforest fragmentation, subsequently enhancing lagged speciation resulting from vicariance and improved climate conditions. The upliftof East Africa is also shown to have played a positive role in Monodoreae diversification.

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S.153. SYSTEMATICS, FLORISTICS, AND
CONSERVATION: FACILITATING DATAINTEGRATION TO PROMOTE SOUND SCIENCE
P.1368 Extinction risk
assessment of vascularplant species in Latvia: first
results
Liene Auniņa1, Valda Baroniņa5, Rūta
Katrīna Berga3, Aiva Bojāre2, Gunta
Evarte-Bundere2, Pēteris Evarts-Bunders2,
Iluta Dauškane3, Dzirkstīte Gritāne5, Laura
Grīnberga1, Sandra Ikauniece4, Ivars
Kabucis5, Julita Kluša5, Dace Kļaviņa6,
Dana Krasnopoļska2, Ilze Kukāre5,
Brigita Laime3, Otars Opermanis4, Ansis
Opmanis1, Agnese Priede4, Sanita Putna5,
Ieva Roze1, Nora Rustanoviča5, Uvis Suško5,
Inita Svilāne2, Lilita Svirževska5, Linda
Uzule4, Gunta Čekstere1
1 Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
2 Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia. 3 Faculty ofBiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia .4 Nature
Conservation Agency, Sigulda, Latvia. 5 Society ofBotanists of Latvia, Ilgas, Latvia 6 National Botanical
Garden, Salaspils, Latvia.
For the first time, the extinction risk assessment according to the IUCN criteria and categories has been
carried out in Latvia (2021-2023). We studied 345
vascular plant taxons: legally protected, included in
the previous Red Data Book of Latvia (2003), species
discovered after 1999 in Latvia, and other species
considered rare and endangered in the region. The
majority of the taxons met the criteria for EN (164),
less for VU (52), CR (47), LC (32), NT (22), RE (16), andDD (12). The B criterion was the most common criterion applied followed by criterion D. Mainly vascularplant species, included in Annex II of the Habitats Directive, are regularly monitored in Latvia. Regarding
the habitats, about half of the critically endangered
species were semi-natural grassland species, but
in categories EN and VU, also species of old-growthforests, clear-water lakes, mires, coastal habitats aswell as outcrops were well represented. There areeight endemic taxons of the Baltic Sea region in Latvia, such as Taraxacum lissocarpum, T. balticum, T.
suecicum, Tragopogon heterospermus, Saussurea
esthonica, Linaria loeselii, Anthyllis maritima, Dianthus arenarius subsp. arenarius, and one endemic
species of the Eastern Baltic region – Corispermum
intermedium, we assessed. Still, there are 50-100
species, for which extinction risk assessment is urgent, e.g., habitat specialists of semi-natural grasslands, and under-recorded species. Further studies
dealing with various aspects of plant species protection are necessary. Taxonomy, distribution, andpopulation size studies as well as studies on appropriate management practices and habitat requirements we consider a priority.
Acknowledgements: This research was done by the
LIFE project “Threatened species in Latvia: improved
knowledge, capacity, data, and awareness” (LIFEFOR SPECIES - LIFE19GIE/LV/000857), with the financial support of the EU LIFE program and the State Regional Development Agency (Latvia).

P.1369 A taxonomic
approach to species
conservation: the case of a
Brazilian regional red list
Mayara Krasinki Caddah1, Daniele R.
Drischel1, Ana Flávia Augustin1, Gabriela M.
Cardoso1, Gabriela Goebel1, Okesanna E.
Puhale1, Duane F. Lima1
1 Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis,
Brazil.
Poor taxonomy has hampered biodiversity conservation worldwide. Red lists (RL) of threatened species are among the main legal tools for species
conservation. Brazil has one of the richest floras in
the world and, considering its size, regional lists areimportant strategies for conservation policy andmanagement. However, Brazilian regional lists areusually taxonomically outdated, and have traditionally been prepared without clear methods, rais-697

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ing doubts on its effectiveness for conservation. Ca.
5300 native species of vascular plants are currently registered in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, including 125 Melastomataceae and 185
Myrtaceae. The official RL of the state lists 314 taxa
of vascular plants, with only five Melastomataceae
and four Myrtaceae. To shed light on the problemsof Brazilian regional RL we analyzed the current
taxonomic status of all species names of the RLof plants of the state of Santa Catarina. Moreover,
we are currently reassessing the extinction risk of
Myrtales species, following the IUCN criteria andcurrent taxonomy knowledge. For the taxonomic
update of the RL, we used mainly the Flora & Funga of Brazil online database. We have found, so far,that 55% of all the species names of the RL of Santa
Catarina are problematic, being either misspelled,synonyms or applied to species considered exotic,
compromising the RL application. For the Myrtales
reassessments, we have so far evaluated 48 species (28 Myrtaceae; 20 Melastomataceae), andfound that at least 25 of them are in some level of
threat. Up to now, our results have suggested that acareful taxonomic approach can reveal the threatened status of numerous species that currently
have no legal protection, which severely compromises their conservation. This study highlights thevalue of taxonomic knowledge when assessing extinction risk and compiling RL, especially regional
lists, in which several conservation plans rely on.

P.1370 Phylogenetic andtrait-based correlates ofextinction risk in Italian
flowering plants
Angelino Carta1, Simone Orsenigo2, Elena
Zappa3, Mariacristina Villani4, Simonetta
Bagella5, Sara Magrini6, Annalisa
Santangelo7, Emmanuele Farris5, Giulia
Calderisi8, Donatella Cogoni8, Maria Silvia
Pinna8, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo9,
Saverio Sciandrello9, Gianmarco Tavilla9,
Gianmaria Bonari10, Lorenzo Pinzani11, Silvia
Assini2, Domenico Gargano12, Giuseppe
Fenu8
1 Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 3 Hanbury Botanic
Gardens, University of Genoa, Ventimiglia, Italy. 4

Botanical Garden, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
5 Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematicaland Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. 6 Department of Ecological and Biological
Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. 7 Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico
II, Napoli, Italy. 8 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari,
Italy. 9 Department of Biological, Geological andEnvironmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. 10 Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental
and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. 11 Department of Science,
University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. 12Departmentof Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University ofCalabria, Rende, Italy.
Plants differ in their biological susceptibility to extinction. However, it is yet unclear which patterns
are common across lineages or ecosystems, andwhich are taxon-specific or restricted to specific context, with consequences to conservation
practice. Moreover, whilst extinction risk is not aheritable trait, there is emerging evidence that
it is not randomly distributed across the tree oflife, likely because extinction-proneness is shared
among closely related species. Here, we investigated the contribution of spatial predictors, adulttraits, reproductive traits, and habitat type on
the extinction risk of Italian flowering plants using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models accounting for the shared evolutionary history
among species. Specifically, we collected Red List
categories of the Italian vascular flora compiledby the working group for Nature Conservation of
the Italian Botanical Society for 472 angiosperm
species. Overall, extinction risk in the Italian flora
affects all species living in fragile and threatened
habitats regardless of their reproductive or vegetative traits but with similar susceptibility to extinction among phylogenetically related species
and with restricted ranges and habitat breath. Not
surprisingly, extrinsic predictors of extinction risk(habitat type as a proxy of human footprint) indicate that habitat degradation is one main threat
to plant species. However, in light of the phylogenetic clustering in extinction risk, we also show thatextinction-proneness is shared among closely related species likely because similar species share
intrinsic biological features. We conclude thatwhilst extrinsic and spatial predictors undoubtedly explain extinction risk, it is still not entirely clear
which intrinsic plant traits could explain phylogenetic clustering of susceptibility to extinction. The
integration of evolutionary and biological data
would thus facilitate more effective conservationand management strategies.

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P.1371 Cyperaceae of
Ukraine - diversity andcurrent classification

1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Jardín
Botánico, Universidad Uptc- Tunja, Boyacá Colombia.

Ivan M. Danylyk1
1 Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians National
Academy of Sciences of UKraine, Lviv, Ukraine.
The family Cyperaceae Juss. is one of the largest vascular plant families in Ukraine and within the class Liliopsida Batsch it is the third species-rich, after Poaceae Barnhart and Orchidaceae Juss. According to ourpreliminary data, the family Cyperaceae contains one
typical subfamily, 8 tribes, 19 genera, and 153 species in
Ukraine (Danylyk 2012). The development of moleculartaxonomy in more recent time has led to new insights
and changes in the nomenclature and taxonomy of
the Cyperaceae (Starr & Ford 2009, Larridon et al. 20112021, Hayasaka 2012, Shiels et al. 2014, Verloove et al.
2016, Reid et al. 2017, Villaverde et al. 2020). Based on the
results of these recent data, we have revised the taxonomic diversity of the family Cyperaceae in Ukraine,
now including one subfamily, 13 tribes, 16 genera, and148 species (Danylyk & Koopman 2023). A particularnumber of changes has been recorded in the genus
spectrum, for example, we have accepted the genera
Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla and Schoenoplectiella
Lye are listed by us as recognised taxa. On the other
hand, we consider formerly separate genera like Juncellus (Griseb.) Clarke, Mariscus Vahl, Pycreus P.Beauv.,
and Torulinium (M.Bieb.) S.S.Hooper in synonymy of thegenus Cyperus L. Significant changes in the classification of the genus Carex L., in particular its intrageneric taxa – 4 subgenera and 42 sections are taken into
account. Subgenus Psyllophorae (Degl.) Peterm. now
includes only one species (Carex curvula All.), and thespecies previously included in this subgenus (Sosnovska et al. 2013) are now placed in the subgenus Euthyceras Peterm. (sections Leucoglochin Dumort. and Rupestres Fr.) and subgenus Vignea (P.Beauv. ex T.Lestib.)Heer (section Physoglochin Necker ex Dumort.). Thus,
the Cyperaceae family in the flora of Ukraine reflects
its current state both in terms of number and placement of tribes, genera, intrageneric taxa.

P.1372 Plant fibres forbasketry from the Andean
region of Colombia

For years, palms, trees, vines, reeds, grasses and someaquatic plants have offered artisans a wide variety ofsoft and hard fibres, extracted from buds, leaves, inflorescences, stems and roots, woven by women andmen. The objects were registered and inventoried, withthe elaboration of ethnobotanical data sheets, fromtours and visits to artisans in marketplaces in threeAndean departments: Boyacá, Cundinamarca andSantander. As a result, 48 botanical families were identified among 142 fibre-producing species, including
plants from the following families: Arecaceae, Araceae,
Cyperaceae, Cyclanthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Clusiacea, Dioscoreaceae, Smilacaceae, Juncaceae, Malvaceae, Marantaceae, Meliaceae, Amnonaceae, Musaceae, Poaceae, Polypodiaceae, Cyatheaceae andThyphaceae. Artisans make a wide range of utilitarianand decorative objects, in multiple shapes and designs, sizes and colours: weavings, ropes, hats, masks,
paper, dresses, baskets, mats, packaging, bags, ornaments, backpacks, nets, belts, bracelets, fans, among
others. Fibres can be classified into systems according
to their use, such as for example textile fibres that are
long, resistant, fibres for making brushes and brooms,
rigid and resistant, where Iraca stands out. Fibres for
braided fabrics are the most widely used in the region.
These are divided into three types of fibres: fibres forhats such as iraca (Carludovica palmata), palmicho(Sphaeradenia laucheana), caña brava (Gynerium sagittatum), cañuela (Arthrostylidium sp.), enea
(Typha latifolia). Matting fibres such as rush (Juncus
bufonius), esparto (Juncus ramboi), fique (Furcraea
hexapetala). Fibres for basketry such as chin (Arundo donax), bijao (Calathea lutea), fern (Cyathea caracasana), gaques (Clusia multiflora) and estropajo(Luffa cylindrica). It is concluded that there is a need toelaborate conservation and development strategies
in cultivar protocols, one of the challenges, and how
to meet the demand for future fibres and non-forest
products without harming the ecosystem resourceand socio-cultural environment.
Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

P.1373 Exploring theBrassicaceae Tree of Life
onlineKasper P. Hendriks1, Brianne de Deugd2,
Robin Dekker2, Roosmarijn Hoekstra2,
Frederic Lens1

Galvis R. Manuel1

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1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 2 Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The mustard family (Brassicaceae) is one of the moststudied plant families in the world. It contains manymodel species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, as wellas important crop species, such as cabbage, canola, and mustard. In light of global climate change andassociated agricultural and conservational challenges, the role of this family as a model in plant scienceis expected to increase even further. Therefore, a solid
understanding of the family’s history, including knowledge of the relationships among species and trait
evolution, is essential. Great progress was recently
made by publications of comprehensive family-widephylogenies, indeed facilitating the dissemination of
crucial insights. However, the sheer size of these phylogenetic reconstructions now presents a new challenge, as it becomes increasingly difficult to distil thewealth of information contained within these gigantic network graphs. Here, we present a brand-new
interactive online tool, the Brassicaceae Tree of Life
(brassitol.vercel.app). While a work in progress, the firstversion already assists both students and scientists instudying the family’s evolution, relationships, taxonomy, distribution, and a first set of traits. Various intuitive filters allow swift selection of the taxa of interest atdifferent taxonomic ranks. The tool combines valuable
resources easily and effectively, including a calibrated
297-nuclear gene phylogeny representing 92% of thefamily’s genera (Hendriks et al. 2023), the most recent
taxonomic decisions (German et al. 2023), distribution, habitat, and growth form data (World Checklist of
Vascular Plants), and appealing images (iNaturalist).
Future versions will include more complete phylogenies, further filtering options, details of the specimensthat represent each species, and options to export
details in tabular format. We believe that our new, user-friendly tool to explore mustard family evolution
was long overdue and will serve a wide range of Brassicaceae students and scientists for years to come.

P.1374 The botany at GBIF
Spain

institutes, collections, projects, public agencies, associations, private companies…) actively engaged in
mobilizing, publishing, and using biodiversity data. The
glue in this endeavor is the “GBIF.ES Coordination Unit”(UdC, from its Spanish name). Since the inception of
GBIF.ES UdC in 2003, its main goal has been supporting
the involvement of the Spanish biodiversity community within the GBIF network. This is achieved by providing
the following services, adjusted based on the current
needs: 1) training workshops, 2) publishing services, 3)
portal data and specific data hubs, 4) ICT tools andbiodiversity information standards, and 5) supporting
citizen science through Natusfera (iNaturalist in Spain).
These components are intended to work together inan “organic” way, creating an interconnected framework where the outcomes of each service contributecollaboratively to the success of the others. The Spanish botanical community activity in GBIF is strong: currently publishing over 16 million records through 189
datasets contributed by 72 institutions (as of January2024). And just as significant is the utilization of thisdata by the scientific community: the number of citations of these datasets in peer-reviewed journals is
37,605, representing 67.6% of the total citations gathered by datasets from Spanish entities. We have learnt
many lessons along the way. Two to emphasize here:
1) Training serves as an open door to the outside world,
initiating numerous collaborations and partnerships.
In them, GBIF gets known at its best: partnership, data
sharing and capacity building in action, and directcontact with participants gives us excellent feedback
and ideas. 2) Looking just after data does not work. The
key to GBIF’s success lies in motivating and providing
skills to biodiversity researchers and data contributors
to disseminate their data.

P.1375 Selective-OCR
protocol for the massdigitization of herbarium
specimen labels
Miguel Murguía-Romero1, Diana G. FloresCamargo2
1 Unidad de Informática para la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico. 2 Jardín
Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Gloria Martínez-Sagarra1,2, Katia Cezón1,
Francisco Pando de la Hoz1
1 GBIF Spain, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid,
Spain. 2 Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant
Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain.
GBIF Spain (GBIF.ES) is not a team, it is a robust network
currently comprising 117 entities (including research

The herbarium specimens’ information contained indatabases has been very useful for understanding theworld’s biodiversity. However, the information on a high700

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percentage of specimens still needs to be incorporated into public databases in a more expedited way. In
this work, a protocol is proposed for the massive digitization of specimen label information using Optical
Character Recognition (OCR). Its efficiency was evaluated using a set of herbarium specimens. A selective-OCR protocol was applied to identify informationfrom only five fields including taxonomy and collectingsite classes. 1) OCR was applied to 8,451 herbarium labels of specimens housed at the National Herbariumof Mexico (MEXU), integrating all identified lines of text
into a working database. 2) Lines containing information on five target fields were identified: family, genus,
species, country, and state. 3) The identified information was cleaned using taxonomic catalogs (Kew’s
World Checklist of Vascular Plants) and geographic
catalogs (including the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names). 4) The number of successful cases wasquantified. 5) The information on the specimens properly identified and their associated images were integrated into the public database of the National Herbarium of Mexico (www.ibdata.ib.unam.mx). With theselective-OCR protocol applied, the information contained in the five target fields was successfully identified in 5392 (63.8%) specimens, in one to four of thetarget fields 2515 (29.8%) specimens, and only in 544(6.4%) none could be identified. With selective-OCR it
is not possible to automatically digitize all the information on the herbarium specimen labels; however,for the information on the most consulted fields (e.g.,
species and state), automatic identification is possible. Therefore, applying the selective-ORC protocol will
accelerate the integration of herbarium information
into public databases and manage capture efforts
toward particular objectives.

P.1376 Preliminary surveyof Asteraceae in themunicipality of Petrolina,
Pernambuco, Brazil

sified as Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, from whichpart of the population derives its livelihood throughextractivism. The landscape is softly undulating, andthe climate is hot and dry, with the rainy season from
November to April. The aim of the present work was
to carry out a preliminary survey of Asteraceae in themunicipality of Petrolina. The survey was conducted on
the SpeciesLink online platform (www.specieslink.net),
where the species of the mentioned family that havealready been collected in the area were summarized,
except those cultivated. Asteraceae is represented in
Petrolina, in principle, by 41 genera and 50 species, deposited in 22 different herbaria. The genus that stoodout the most was Bidens L., with three species, followedby Acanthospermum Schrank, Acmella Rich. ex Pers.,
Conyza Less., Emilia (Cass.) Cass., Lepidaploa (Cass.)
Cass., Mikania Willd., and Praxelis Cass., with two species each. Eleven tribes were recorded, with an emphasis on Heliantheae (11 spp.), Eupatorieae (8 spp.),
Vernonieae (8 spp.), and Astereae (5 spp.). Of the total
species, six are considered endemic to Northeast Brazil: Chresta martii (DC.) H. Rob., Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R. M. King & H. Rob., Isocarpha megacephala Mattf., Lepidaploa chalybaea (Mart. Ex DC.) H. Rob.,
Stilpnopappus pratensis Mart. ex DC., and Trichogonia
heringeri R. M. King & H. Rob. As for the growth habit,
the herbaceous habit stood out (28 spp.), followed bysubshrub (17 spp.), shrub (2 spp.), scandent (2 spp.),
and arboreal (1 spp.).

P.1377 Quantitative analysisof leaf shape variation in
Ipomoea: insights fromgeometric morphometrics
Kavi K. Oza1, Vinay M. Raole1
1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Edilton V. de Oliveira-Neto1, Joesili C. P.
Oliveira1
1 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Petrolina is a municipality located in the semi-arid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. It was foundedin 1870 and covers an area of 4,561.87 km2 within the
Caatinga biome, being considered one of the largest
fruit-growing centers in the country. It is irrigated by
the São Francisco River Basin and has vegetation clas-

Leaves are one of the most significant organs forplant identification due to their variability across different taxonomic groups. Leaf morphology provides
distinguishing features which help in the discernment of plant species. Traditional morphometrics
has contributed greatly to reducing the problems ofplant identification and morphology-based speciesdelimitation. Image analysis and digital morphometrics have made it easy to detect more characters tocomplement existing leaf data sets in recent years.
This study aimed to investigate leaf shape variation
between some species of the genus Ipomoea L. us-

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ing the geometric morphometric method (GMM). We
have examined leaves from different species of Ipomoea using morphometric techniques. We identified
different shape variations due to the result of differing length-to-width ratios, shape, and size changes.
The variations were mainly due to changes in the leaf
blade ratio, size, and shape of the posterior lobes ofleaves and anterior lobes differentiation. Obtained
results suggest that the leaf blade ratio was highly
correlated with the first principal component (PC1) ofmorphometric variation calculated using elliptic Fourier Descriptors (EFDs). Subsequent PCs corresponded
to complex shape variation which cannot be captured
by traditional linear measurements. ANOVA showeda significant difference (p = P.01159) among the analyzed species of the Ipomoea genus. Based on the
results obtained, we can suggest that the geometricmorphometric of leaf shape is effective in interspecificdiscrimination within members of the genus Ipomoea.
Further morphometric studies of leaf shape involving alarger number of samples especially in the study of intergeneric and inter-specific variation are suggested.

P.1378 Beyond thedigitization project: using
digitized specimen data
to inform collections
management of anaggregated herbarium
Tiana F. Rehman1
1 Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth,USA.
Specimen digitization expands the possibilities of research by increasing access to critical data from natural history collections across the globe in a standardized format. Beyond access for researchers, this troveof data can be mined by collections management
professionals to manage strategic growth of their repositories as they face restrictions on space, staffing,and other resources necessary to safely house specimens. For those repositories representing aggregatedcollections, the ability to use digitized specimen data
to inform the integration of their holdings cannot be
overstated. The Philecology Herbarium of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas at the Fort Worth Botanic Garden was established in 1987 and is an aggregate
composed of four separately recognized herbarium
collections totaling approximately 1.4 million specimens. These collections are in various stages of in-

ter-filing, and there is known duplication of specimens(collector name and number matches) across as
many as three of the collections. As a result of previously funded United States National Science Foundation grants, certain geographic areas and taxonomic
groups have been digitized in their entirety. We present the preliminary results of the use of these digitizeddata to inform collections management decisions tomore efficiently manage space and increase physicalaccess to specimens through duplicate distribution toother herbaria.

P.1379 Taxonomic
revision of Serpocaulon(Polypodiaceae)
David Sanín1,2, Alexandre Salino3 & Alan R.
Smith4
1 Herbario UIS, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander, Colombia. 2 Jardín Botánico delMagdalena, Caldas, Colombia. 3 Herbário BHCB,
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. 4 University Herbarium, University of California,
Berkeley, USA.
We present a taxonomic revision of Serpocaulon(Polypodiaceae), a tropical American fern genus. Our
work is based on a morphological analysis of 56 characters recorded from 2167 specimens deposited in 41
herbaria. Field trips were carried out in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, andPeru, where observations on the habit and habitat ofseveral species were made. Digital images were also
consulted. A total of 260 names were found and theirnomenclatural types were studied, resulting in the lectotypification of 47 names (first step 30, second step 17
names). We recognize 37 species and five hybrids in
Serpocaulon; one of the hybrids is given a new status(S. ×semipinnatifidum (Fée) A.R. Sm.) and another one
is described (S. ×tabuleirense D. Sanín & Salino). Moreover, 19 names are newly synonymized, five species
are excluded, 18 names are considered as of uncertain
application, and five as nomina nuda. We documentfor 22 species a total of 63 chorological novelties in different countries. The elevational range of the genus is
0 to 4200 m. The Andes of Ecuador and Colombia are
the main center of diversity and endemism; secondarily, the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil has five endemic species. We provide a taxonomic key, descriptions,discussions, local names, uses, illustrations, photographs of the plants in the field, micro-photographsof the rhizome scales and the spores, and distribution
maps of all species.

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P.1380 Passiflora of theCaatinga, Brazil: richness,
distribution and endemism

P.1381 Passiflora natalensis,
a new light purple speciesof Passiflora (Passifloraceaes.s.) from Brazil

Glaucia Silva1, Leonardo M. Versieux2, Ana
C. Mezzonato-Pires3

Glaucia Silva1, Alan A. Roque2,3, Rubens
Queiroz4, Ana C. Mezzonato-Pires5

1 Department of Botany and Zoology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. 2 Department of Botany and Zoology, Herbarium UFRN,
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal,
Brazil. 3 Department of Botany, Federal University ofGoiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
Passiflora L. is the richest genus of the Passifloraceae sensu stricto, comprising 525 pantropical species. These species include herbaceous or woodyvines, rarely shrubs and trees. Passiflora’s fruits are
known as passion fruit, “maracujá” (Brazilian portuguese) and “maracuyá” (Spanish) in Latin America. In Brazil, there are currently listed 157 speciesof Passiflora, occurring in all phytogeographic
domains Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampa, and Pantanal. The Caatinga - Dry
Woodlands has species with unique morphological adaptations, carrying ecological, economic,
and medical importance. Although its importancefor biodiversity, Caatinga is still poorly known scientifically, the third most deforested, and it has
the third lowest overall number in angiosperms
richness among the domains. Research regarding Passiflora in this region are still missing. Thus,
the purpose of this study was to identify Passiflora species that occur in Caatinga, verify its distribution and endemism. Our results show that i)
Caatinga has 65 species of Passiflora, becoming
the third richest domain for passion fruit species
in Brazil; ii) P. cincinnata, P. edmundoi, P. foetida,
P. recurva, and P. setacea have wide distribution;iii) P. porophylla, P. quadriglandulosa, P. racemosa,P. riparia, and P. trifasciata have restricted distribution and iv) P. bahiensis, P. mucugeana, and P.
jiboiaensis are the only endemic species to Caatinga. These results indicate the taxonomical potential of the Caatinga, and the importance ofconducting more herbaria and field work researchin such domain, increasing the knowledge of the
Flora of Brazil. It also provides new and updated
data to justify the creation and maintenance ofreserves, and development of public strategies forconservation.

1 Department of Botany and Zoology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. 2 Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development, Natal, Brazil. 3 Herbarium RN - Natal Dunes
State Park, Natal, Brazil. 4 Department of Systematics and Ecology, Federal University of Paraíba, JoãoPessoa, Brazil. 5 Department of Botany, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
In this study we present a new species of Passiflora, the most representative genus of vinesand lianas in the Neotropics. Such distinctive
new species was identified during fieldwork in
the Atlantic Forest, for the project Flora of Rio
Grande do Norte state, Brazil, and is supported
by robust morphological characterization, suchas i) the presence of two to three smooth andlustrous glands in the base of the petiole; ii) always 5- lobed leaves, with the presence of one
or two pairs of horizontal slits in the leaf blade’s
central lobe, iii) none, one or two pairs of horizontal slits in the adjacent lobe, iv) absence of theoperculum, and v) a sparsely pubescent ovary.
This Passiflora is endemic to coastal sand plain
vegetation (restinga), an ecosystem of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, a hotspot for biodiversity
and a conservation priority. Rio Grande do Nortestate has more than 22 Conservation Units but
this new species is protected by only one Conservation Unit: Natal Dunes State Park, that has
tourism activities allowed in some areas. We also
provide a conservation assessment for the newly
recognized Passiflora, indicated as Critically Endangered. This work is also part of a project thataims to describe the biodiversity of a poorly inventoried state and highlights the potential offloristic investigations in this priority area, as aneffort to direct public policies for conservation inthese regions, which harbors narrowly endemic
and severely threatened species.

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P.1382 Hope for
Aristolochia hypoglauca(Aristolochiaceae,
Magnoliidae): new
occurrences andconservation actions for therare tropical plant

carry out experiments under controlled conditions.
To date, there are 18 seedlings, which will be reintroduced into their natural range.

P.1383 Characteristicsof plastomes of Papaver(Papaveraceae)
Zhiyun Yang1,2, Hongtao Li1, Jie Cai1, Siyun
Chen1, Dezhu li1*, Tingshuang Yi,1* Junbo
Yang1*

André V. Suzuki1, Joelcio Freitas2, Patricia
da Rosa3, Danilo A Zavatin4, Elton J. de
Lírio1,4
1 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil. 2
Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa,
Brazil. 3 Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 4 Universidade de São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil.
Aristolochia hypoglauca Kuhlm. was described in1936 based on collections carried out on the banksof the Rio Doce, in Espírito Santo state (ES), Brazil.
The species was considered extinct in 2007, as only
the type was known. New records were discoveredin the mountainous region of ES, which allowed thespecies to be evaluated in 2013 as Endangered (EN).
Until then, 6 localities of occurrence and 11 matureindividuals were known, with occurrence only for
ES. After the investment of the CEAMA project it waspossible to expand knowledge of its geographic distribution, we increased the total number of subpopulations to 17 and the number of individuals to 43.
Only three subpopulations of A. hypoglauca occur
in protected areas. The EOO was less than 5,000 km²,
now includes the states of Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, increasing to 228,604 km² and AOO 96,000 km²,
but maintaining the species as EN following the EN
B2ab(ii, iii) + C2 a(i) from IUCN, because populations
are fragmented and there has been an observed
decline in habitat quality. Conservation actions forformal and non-formal environmental education
were carried out in schools and with the community in general in the ES (where most populations of
the species occur). We offered participatory lecturesand publicized the project through posters, social
media and by developing a species identification
guide in the local language. As for ex situ conservation, the seeds are included in the germplasm bankfrom botanical garden of Rio de Janeiro and also
germinated at the National Institute of the Atlantic
Forest (INMA). The germination rate was 68% undernatural conditions using local soil. Seeds from two
subpopulations in Espírito Santo were collected to

1 Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Papaver L. (Papaveraceae) contains ca. 80 annual,biennial and perennial herbaceous species widelydistributed in temperate and cold regions of Eurasia, Africa and North America. The only molecularphylogenetic study on the whole genus applied twomolecular loci using 25 Papaver species. It is urgent
to develop highly informative molecular markers toresolve the intrageneric relationships. In this study,
we newly sequenced 18 complete plastomes anddownloaded 5 plastomes of Papaver from NCBI, and5 related genera as outgroup. These 23 plastomesof Papaver have typical quadripartite structures,
which include a large single copy (LSC), two inverted
repeats (IR) and a small single copy (SSC) region.
Each Papaver plastome contained 114 unique genes,
including 80 protein-coding genes 30 transfer RNAs(tRNAs), 4 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). The genome sized
were ranged from 152,448 to 153,921bp, with IRs of
25,672 – 25,990 bp, LSCs of 82,703 – 83,634 bp, SSCs
of 17,926 – 18,954 bp. The overall GC content of these23 plastomes was 38.64 – 38.91%. The IR regions exhibited higher GC contents from 43.03 to 43.30%
than the LSC regions from 37.12 to 37.49%, and the
SSC regions from 33.12 to 33.89%. We found higher
variable loci (Pi > P.5) among 21 Papaver species and2 subspecies, one coding gene and thirteen intergeneric regions genes, which could be used to resolve the interspecific relationship and identify species of Papaver. Papaver s.s. is not a monophyleticwith the nesting of three related genera (Roemeria,
Meconopsis and Stylophorum), and was identified
two clades (I and II) and the clade I comprises the
Meconopsis subclade and the sect. Meconella subclade, with the later subclade comprising Stylophorum. The clade II comprises sects. Rhoeadium, Papaver, Oxytona and Argemonidium, with Roemeria
nesting within sect. Argemonidium.

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P.1384 Cacti of Eastern
Brazil: twenty years on
Daniela C. Zappi1, Nigel P. Taylor2,
Sinzinando Albuquerque-Lima3, Lidyanne
S. Aona4, Fernando F. Franco2, Milena
Telhe2, Monique Romeiro-Brito2, Evandro
M. Moraes2
1 Department of Botany, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil. 2 Departament of Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, Brazil. 3 Laboratory of
Floral and Reproductive Biology, Federal Universityof Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 4 Centro de Ciências
Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Univ. Federal do
Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil.
Eastern Brazil is home to the third diversity centreof Cactaceae, with a high number of endemic andmicroendemic species found throughout three biomes (Caatinga, Atlantic Rain Forest and Cerrado).
Varied in habit, habitat and survival strategy, these
species are predominantly bat and hummingbird
pollinated, however hawkmoth and bees play animportant role in their floral biology. Initially 30 genera and 130 species were treated in the 2004 book,however, over the last 20 years, new phylogenies
reduced the number of genera to 24, while at least
15 new species have been described. The Chapada Diamantina and Southern Espinhaço campo

rupestre provinces are home to some of the mostenigmatic species of cacti, and continue to yield
new discoveries. In terms of classification, an integrated sequence data approach using public geneand genomic databases with new target sequences (generated using the customized Cactaceae591
probe set) across representatives of tribe Cereeae
led to new and revised subtribes. Within Cactoideae,
only Strophocactus brasiliensis and epiphytic tribes
Rhipsalideae and Hylocereeae are not included in
Cereeae. The phytogeographic significance of cactus endemism in river basins has also been explored
and we seek opportunities to test a dryland refugia
hypothesis for the area. The significance of cephalia
in pollination orientation is under research, together with novel cues such as flower odour. Increasing
threats from habitat destruction caused by humanactivities (agrobusiness, mining, urban development) have led us to list a large proportion of Eastern Brazilian cacti as endangered. Research on the
distribution pattern of Caatinga cacti predicts a retraction of areas of environmental suitability, withmore restricted woody species occupying marginal
habitats at greater risk of extinction. Conservation
actions such as new and extended protected areas,
seed collection and ex situ propagation and seedproduction are needed if we are to ensure the survival of these species.

S.154. SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENETICS,
BIOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF
MELASTOMATACEAE
P.1385 The role ofphylogenetic niche
conservatism and climaticniche divergence inecologically diverse Andean
Miconia (Melastomataceae)
Juan C. Angulo1, 2, Léo-Paul M. J. Dagallier1,
Lucas F. Bacci3, 4, Lucas C. Majure3, 4,
Fabián A. Michelangeli1

1 New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA. 2 The
Graduate Center, City University of New York, New
York, USA. 3 University of Florida, Florida USA 4 Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA.
The tropical Andes is a biodiversity hotspot, harboring a diverse flora along steep elevational andecological gradients. Species are not distributed
evenly within these mountains and are ecologically constrained by the environmental conditions inwhich a species can persist, or its climatic niche. Asa lineage diversifies species can continue to retain
their ancestral climatic niche through phylogenetic
niche conservatism (PNC) or diverge from it, particularly when presented with ecological opportunity.
Both PNC and niche divergence have played roles in705

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Andean species assembly, either through migrationfrom temperate lineages into high elevation habitats (PNC) or colonization of lineages with Amazonian origins by way of niche divergence. However, we
still lack insight into what role these processes playin structuring the distribution of lineages that havesuccessfully diversified across the Andean ecological gradient from warm lowlands to cold sub-alpine
ecosystems. The genus Miconia (Melastomataceae) contains an Andean centered clade (~500 sp) in
which species are narrowly endemic to elevational
bands, but as a whole the group can be found fromsea level to 3500m. We generate a new phylogenyof the group and use distribution and environmental
data to reconstruct the dynamics of niche evolution
as the lineage diversified. We hypothesize that PNC
has constrained diversification largely within climatic regimes, but that niche shifts have allowed forsuccessional tracking of low to high elevation Andean habitats. We predict that some aspects of theniche, such as precipitation related variables, areconserved, while others have shifted with more frequency, such as temperature. Our study contributes
to the understanding of the biogeographical patterns of Andean plant diversity and the processes
that generate it.

P.1386 Phylogeny andbiogeographic history of thefleshy-fruited Sonerileae(Melastomataceae)ly found in Southeast Asia and Madagascar. Despite its diversity, the evolutionary history of Sonerileae, particularly among the fleshy-fruited genera(Catanthera, Heteroblemma, Kendrickia, Medinilla,
Pachycentria, and Plethiandra), remained poorly
understood due to limited phylogenetic sampling.
Utilizing nuclear and plastid loci obtained throughtarget capture and genome skimming, our analysis revealed that fleshy-fruited Sonerileae are notmonophyletic but instead fall into three distinct lineages. We found that Kendrickia is closely related
to an Afrotropical endemic clade, while Heteroblemma and Catanthera form a second clade withcertain Phyllagathis and Driessenia species. Medinilla, along with Pachycentria and Plethiandra, constitutes a separate lineage. This study also examined cyto-nuclear discordances, shedding light on
the complex evolutionary relationships within thesetaxa. Through molecular dating and biogeographic analysis, we explored the temporal and spatial
patterns of diversification, offering new insights into
the biogeographic and evolutionary processes thathave shaped the current distribution and diversity of
the fleshy-fruited Sonerileae.

P.1387 Current state ofknowledge of the family
Melastomataceae inthe department of Huila,
Colombia
Mariano Cortés1, Hilda Dueñas2

Luo Chen1, J. Peter Quakenbush2, Darin
S. Penneys3, Deepthi Yakandawala4,Marie-Claire Veranso-Libalah1, Gudrun
Kadereit1,5

1 Applied Biology, Universidad Surcolombiana, Huila, Colombia. 2 SURCO Herbarium, Universidad Surcolombiana, Huila, Colombia.

1 Prinzessin Therese von Bayern-Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich,Germany. 2 Department of Biological Sciences,
Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA. 3
Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington,
USA. 4 Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. 5 Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns: Botanische
Staatssammlung München, Botanischer Garten
München-Nymphenburg, Munich, Germany.
In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the fleshy-fruited Sonerileae, the second
largest tribe in Melastomataceae, which comprises
approximately 1080 species and is predominant-

For the department of Huila, studies on the Melastomataceae family are incipient despite the evident biological, ecosystem, biogeographic diversity and protected natural areas of regional and national interest.
The objective of this study was to recognize the current
state of knowledge of the Melastomataceae family forthe department of Huila, Colombia, through physicaland virtual consultation of Herbaria collections (SURCO, COL, UDBC and MO) and the GBIF database, withdata between the years 1905 to 2022. To this end, adatabase was organized with botanical records, including information on growth habit, locality, year ofcollection, national distribution, conservation status
and endemism. 1728 Records were analyzed, corresponding to 191 species and 25 genera, with Miconia(119), Blakea (15), Meriania (12), Chaetogastra (7) and706

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Monochaetum (6) being the most species-rich genera. For Huila, there is at least one specimen in 33 of
the 37 municipalities, with Palestine (67), Neiva (55), La
Plata (53) and San Agustín (45) being those with thehighest number of collections. Additionally, 71 species
are reported as Least Concern, 7 as Near Threatened,
6 as Vulnerable, and 2 as Endangered. Finally, this review allowed us to have an approach to the current
status of the Melastomataceae family for Huila, whichcontains 19% of the species and 42% of the genera for
Colombia. Furthermore, it was evident that 4 municipalities do not have any reports of the Melastomataceae family in the herbaria and that the sampling has
been concentrated in some particular localities.

P.1388 Sundry sonication:
bee diversity acrossthree buzz-pollinated
Melastomataceae
communities.

our data suggests that larger bees visit larger flowers
while smaller bees may be less picky about flower size.
By investigating the pollinator composition of distinct
Melastomataceae communities with different floral
phenotypes, we hope to contribute to a more realistic
understanding of the evolutionary processes underlying the diversification of flower phenotypes sharing thesame functionally specialized pollination strategy.

P.1389 Towards a nextgeneration field guide toand systematics of thePhilippine Astronia
Jeffrey P. Mancera1, Darin S. Penneys2
1 University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. 2 University of North Carolina Wilmington,
Wilmington, USA.

Ash M. Kerber1, Benjamin S. Lazarus2,
Agnes S. Dellinger2
1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of Colorado, Boulder, USA. 2 Departmentof Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of
Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
In the plant family Melastomataceae, more than 5,000
species have evolved stamens with poricidal anthers
that necessitate a functionally specialized interaction
with pollinators in order to release pollen: buzz-pollination. Bees are the only group of pollinators capable ofapplying vibrations of the required frequency, amplitude and duration to flowers so that pollen is expelled
in clouds from the stamens. However, not all bees arecapable of sonicating flowers, but at least 74 recognized genera are. How these bees ration floral resources is unclear. It is possible that bee size and morphology may influence the frequency and amplitude of theirvibrations. In this poster, we aim to explore whether
buzz pollinating bees share or partition floral resources
across three communities of co-flowering Melastomataceae. Through observational studies, video data andfield experiments, we measure pollinator composition,
behavior, and visitation rates across three different
ecosystems in the campo rupestre of Brazil, the cloudforests of Ecuador and the pine savannas of Florida,
USA. While we see substantial pollinator overlap in theMelastomataceae community in Florida, certain bee
behaviors indicate pollination niche partitioning andspecialization in the tropical communities. Some of

Astronia is an Asia-Pacific genus of shrubs and trees in
the Melastomataceae whose center of endemism includes the Philippines. Twenty of its 58 species, all except one endemic to the country, and 12 varieties arecommon components of lowland to lower and uppermontane rainforests. Despite its frequency in the wild,
most Astronia are known only from the type or very old
and few herbarium collections, or are seldom reproductive when sighted, making accurate species-level
identification in the field very challenging. Moreover, agenus-level systematic study has yet to be conductedsince its last taxonomic treatment from over 30 years
ago. This presentation outlines the ongoing steps being taken for the creation of a reliable, public-friendly,
and accessible field guide to, as well as preliminary
systematics of, the Philippine Astronia. A total of 194
herbarium vouchers from eight local and international herbaria with significant holdings of Philippine flora,
recent spirit collections, and photographs from seven
expeditions conducted between 2011-2023, and 52 protologues of accepted names as well as their synonyms
were examined. Comparative morphological examination was conducted using 205 discrete and continuous
characters to produce a draft dichotomous key andvisual guide, as well as a cladogram of putative evolutionary groups. Local non-specialist plant taxonomists
and forest-based laypersons will be interviewed to test
and improve the effectiveness of the field guide. Wideaccess and regular updates will be ensured through acommunity-shared digital platform. This endeavor puts
forward an expedition- and citizen science-based approach in creating modern and effective field guides
and updated phylogenies for Philippine flora.

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P.1390 Taxonomic revisionof Miconia albicans(Sw.) Steud. clade(Melastomataceae,
Miconieae)

1 Floristics and Angiosperm Taxonomy Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, India.

Julia Meirelles¹, Mayara Krasinki Caddah²,
Renato Goldenberg³
1 Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina,
Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil 3 Universidade
Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
With more than a thousand species, Miconia is oneof the largest neotropical plant genera. However, recent phylogenetic analyses have shown the genus
is artificial, as well as its sections and subsections,which corroborates the necessity of a new taxonomic delimitation for the tribe Miconieae. This work
presents a taxonomic treatment of the 18 species in
the albicans clade, characterized by their shrubby
to treelet habit, discolorous leaves with abaxial surface covered by amorphous trichomes and inflorescences with secundiflorous and scorpioid branches. These species are either widely distributed from
Mexico to Paraguay, or endemic to the Amazon. For
this monograph, more than 2,500 herbarium sheets
were analyzed from 18 herbaria in Brazil and abroad(BR, G, G-DC, HUEFS, IAN, INPA, JOI, K, M, MBM, MG, NY,
P, RB, UEC, UPCB, US, W). Five new species were discovered (M. astrocalyx, M. macuxi, M. suberosa, M.
waimiri-atroari) and the status of M. argyrophylla
subsp. gracilis is changed and a new name for thistaxon (M. mayarae) is proposed. Two new synonyms
were established, M. cinerea under M. stenostachya
and M. nambyquarae under M. herpetica. This work
also provides an identification key to the species,
descriptions, a complete list of examined material,
distribution maps, illustrations, images, comments
about the species and lectotypifications.

P.1391 The diversity,
endemism andconservation ofMelastomataceae in Idukki
district, Kerala state, India
Vishnu Mohan1, Santhosh Nampy1

Idukki, the largest district in Kerala state, is part of thesouthern Western Ghats. The area is unique in having
an abundance of habitats that attribute rich vegetation and a high degree of plant diversity. The vegetation comprises evergreen, moist deciduous, dry deciduous, temperate forests, scrub jungles, and grasslands.
Melastomataceae are among the top ten families offlowering plants consisting of about 170 genera andca. 5,100 species worldwide. The family comprises ofherbs, shrubs, trees, or woody climbers and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The
present study documented 34 species of Melastomataceae belonging to six genera, of which 24 are endemic to South India, including four species endemic
to Kerala. Memecylon idukkianum and Sonerila roxburghi are recently described species that are exclusively endemic to the study area. Miconia crenata is
the only invasive species recorded. The endemism
pattern highlights an urgent need for their conservation. The present study discusses the diversity, endemism and conservation of Melastomataceae of Idukki
district in Kerala.

P.1392 Exploring theevolutionary complexity of
Chaetogastra within the
Andean CladeMalu Ore-Rengifo1,2, Fabian Michelangeli3,
Nico Cellinese2,4, Lucas C. Majure1
1 University of Florida Herbarium, Florida Museum of
Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA. 2 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville,
Florida, USA. 3 Institute of Systematic Botany, The
New York Botanical Garden, New York, USA. 4 Florida
Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
This research focuses on the Andean clade of the genus Chaetogastra DC. (Melastomataceae). Chaetogastra was originally described by de Candolle (1828)
and circumscribed into multiple sections. Subsequentphylogenetic research revealed misclassifications
with species assigned to genera closely related (Tibouchina, Andesanthus, Brachyotum, and Pleroma),
as well as distantly related genera (Desmoscelis, Meriania, Pterogastra, Pterolepis, Rhexia). Thus, the taxonomy of Chaetogastra has evolved greatly since its original conception. Chaetogastra s.s. of ca. 117 recognizedspecies is distributed throughout the Neotropics, with708

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centers of diversity in the Andean mountains and theAtlantic Forest of Brazil. Despite high species richness,
the Andean clade, consisting of approximately 60
species, remains understudied, presenting numerous
taxonomic complexities and potential hybridization
scenarios. This research aims to explore the evolutionary complexity within the Andean clade of Chaetogastra, focusing on phylogenomic reconstruction,
hybridization scenarios, and whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. 90 species were sequenced using genome skimming and custom probe data sets,with subsequent mapping of raw plastid reads to apreviously published plastome publicly available in
Genbank. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using
Maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for plastome data, complemented by pseudo-coalescence
using ASTRAL for nuclear data, to address gene treeincongruence and incomplete lineage sorting. The
aim was to compare phylogenetic signals in nuclear
and chloroplast genomes. Preliminary findings suggest incongruence among those datasets within the
Andean clade of Chaetogastra, suggesting potential
hybridization events and shedding light on evolutionary dynamics. Furthermore, the inferred ploidy acrossphylogeny suggests signatures of whole genome duplication events, as inferred from both genomic dataand chromosome number information available forcertain species. This highlights the evolutionary complexity within the Andean clade and provides an opportunity to validate predicted polyploid events. Further investigations are encouraged to reconcile thesefindings and provide deeper insights into its evolutionary history.

P.1393 A comparative
approach for investigating
biogeographic patterns
and processes in Southeast
Asian Melastomataceae

Melastomataceae is a mega-diverse, pantropicalflowering plant family, consisting of an estimated
172 genera and 5858 species. In terms of species
diversity, the neotropics take the lead, followed by
Asia and then Africa. To date, research on melastomes have focused mainly on New World andAfrican lineages, while Asia lineages remain critically understudied. Generating phylogenies forvarious Southeast Asian Melastomataceae will
provide unique opportunities for exploring how the
dynamic paleogeographic history of the region
has shaped the diversification and biogeography of Southeast Asian flora. Using a comparative phylogenetic approach we intend to explore
the patterns and processes shaping the diversity
and biogeography of three Southeast Asian Melastomataceae lineages: (1) Dissochaeteae (6gen./c. 90 spp.),a tribe with interesting variation in
fruit morphology, showing a pattern of decreasing diversity from west to east across the region;(2) Melastoma, a genus consisting of c. 80 species, of which many are narrowly endemic and a
few widespread species, like the morphologicallydiverse M. malabathricum; and (3) Astronieae (4gen./c. 136 spp.), an early-diverging tribe within
Melastomatoideae, with a trans-Atlantic distribution and centre of diversity in New Guinea. Using
phylogenomic (target capture and whole genome
skimming) data, we will reconstruct a phylogeny
for each lineage, and use these phylogenies as aframework for diversification, ancestral area andancestral trait analyses. Through these analyses
we aim to identify the underlying processes thathave led to the stark contrasts in diversity patterns of these lineages, to ultimately gain further
insights into the processes that shape the floristic
diversity of this unique region

Linde N. Wieringa1, Marie-Claire VeransoLibalah1, Elizabeth Joyce1, Gudrun
Kadereit1,2
1 Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen
Ludwig-Maximilians
Universität
München,München, Germany. 2 Botanischer Garten
München-Nymphenburg, Botanische Staatssammlung München, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche
Sammlungen Bayerns, München, Germany.

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S.155. TAXONOMY AND EVOLUTION OF
BAMBOOS IN THE PHYLOGENOMIC ERA
P.1394 The phylogeny
and evolution of thepaleotropical woody
bamboos (Poaceae:
Bambusoideae)

P.1395 National collection ofnative bamboos of Mexico:taxonomy, conservation,
propagation and uses

Jing-Xia Liu1, Cen Guo1,2, Peng-Fei Ma1,
Meng-Yuan Zhou1, Ya-Huang Luo1,
Guang-Fu Zhu1, Zu-ChangXu1, Richard I.
Milne3, Maria S. Vorontsova4, De-Zhu Li1

1 Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología,
Xalapa, Mexico.

Teresa Mejia-Saulés1

1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Kunming, China. 2 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Menglun, China. 3 University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK. 4 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.
The evolutionary lability of morphological characters has been hypothesized to have been driven bymultiple factors, but few studies have synthesizedmorphological data with phylogenetic frameworks
to elucidate broader patterns of character evolution.
The paleotropical woody bamboos (PWB) are distinct hexaploidy with complex evolutionary history andremarkably diverse morphology, making it an ideal
clade to investigate the factors underlying morphological evolution in bamboos. We generated a robust
and time-calibrated phylogeny of the PWB using SNPs
retrieved from Mi ddRAD-seq data, reconstructed
ancestral characters with rates of transition, and explored associations between environmental variables
and key morphological characters. The PWB started todiverse across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary andformed four major clades including Melocanninae,
Racemobambosinae, Hickeliinae and Bambusinae
corresponding to recognized subtribes. The ancestor of PWB was reconstructed as having erect habit,
indeterminate inflorescence and nucoid caryopsis.
However, the evolution of all three traits was correlated with, and hence likely influenced by, aspects of climate, topography, and soil in general, leading to homoplasy across the PWB. Our results synthesized here
provide an example of how morphological charactersunder environmental selection can show homoplasy
and hence must be used with caution at generic andhigher taxonomic levels, with novel perspectives onmorphological evolution of the woody bamboos.

The Institute of Ecology, A.C., the Bamboo of theAmericas-American Bamboo Society and the Technological Institute of Chetumal in 2003 began theformation of the National collection of native bamboos of Mexico to represent the 36 species recorded
this year. The main objectives were: 1) to contributeto the knowledge of the national bamboos and its ex
situ conservation, 2) to select species with potential
use for their propagation and sustainable management, 3) to know the species with some degree ofvulnerability and 4) training of human resources. To
this, a literature review was carried out; field collections were made; identification of the collected material and the herbarium; establishment and propagation of promising species such as the vegetative
propagation of Rhipidocladum racemiflorum andgermination of seeds of Otatea acuminata. As a result, the bamboo collection was inaugurated andopened to the public in 2005. With taxonomic identification, new species are delimited and discovered,resulting in 63 species, of which 42 are endemic and24 new species were described. In terms of uses, theFlorentine Codex (1577) records that the ohtlatl, acatl
or otate (Otatea acuminata), widely distributed in
Mexico, has been used since pre-Hispanic times inthe elaboration of chimallis (shields), bahareque(walls), plumes and icpalli (seats). The current usesof bamboo are diverse: as a form of furniture, housing, farm tools and handicrafts. This collection has
been the basis for studies on: molecular phylogeny,
barcoding, propagation, sustainable management,
conservation, uses, physical and mechanical properties, associated insects, etc. With undergraduate
and postgraduate theses, as well as the teaching ofcourses and workshops, the training of human resources has been promoted. The results have been
published in scientific journals, magazines and in
National and International Congresses.

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P.1396 Bamboos from Brazil:
what do we know and what
do we still need to know?

exact number of genera and species of bamboos
in Brazil remains uncertain. For these reasons, there
has been an increasing investment in research projects and human resource training on bamboos in
the country. Our studies have involved fieldwork andplant collections in all Brazilian regions, ranging fromclassic taxonomic methods to more modern and integrative approaches in a network including several
institutions and post-graduate programs. We prioritized efforts to study groups with great taxonomic complexity, members of the tribes Bambuseae
and Olyreae. Taxonomic studies are supported byphylogenies, resulting in the description of five newbamboo genera in the last decade, four of them endemic to the Atlantic Forest and mainly belonging to
the tribe Olyreae. Additionally, over 30 new species
have been described, mainly in genera such as Eremitis, Piresia, Chusquea, Guadua and Merostachys.
Several of them are rare, endemic to Brazil and often
threatened with extinction. Our results have been
crucial for updating monographs on the Flora e
Funga do Brasil and to deepen studies on taxa with
confusing boundaries and poor known phylogenetic
relationships (i.e. Olyra, Pariana, Aulonemia), as wellas the processes that have acted in their evolution
and diversification. Currently, we are actively engaged in a deep international collaborative project(Bamboo phylogeny Group II), including Brazilianbamboo species on a global scenario to better unravel the diversity of this group in both the New andOld worlds, using phylogenomic information.

Reyjane P. Oliveira1, Iasmin L. C. Oliveira1,
Maria Luiza S. Carvalho2, Alessandra S.
Schnadelbach2, Fabrício M. Ferreira3,
Cassiano A. D. Welker3, João P. S. Vieira1,
Marcos C. Dórea1, Kaio V. A. Vidal1,
Evandro P. Machado1, Pedro L. Viana4,
Edgar A. L. Afonso5, Aline C. Mota6, Ana
Paula S. Gonçalves7, Lynn G. Clark8
1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia,
Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador,
Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas
Gerais, Brazil. 4 Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Espírito Santo, Brazil. 5 Jardim Botânico do Rio
de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 6 Universidade de
Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. 7 Universidade
Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 8 Dept. of
Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa
State University, Ames, USA.
Bamboos are easily distinguishable within Poaceae and widely distributed wordwide, with several
groups taxonomically complex and intriguing forscience. Brazil has the world’s largest diversity ofplant species and a high known richness of bamboos, with many floras still underexplored and potentially rich in members of this group, as well as
species supposedly useful for humans. However, theS.156. TAXONOMY AS OPEN SCIENCE: TOOLSUPPORT TO FACILITATE DATA USE FOR
HANDSON PRACTITIONERS
P.1397 Chemotaxonomic
study of ten species of Ficus
from Nigeria

er classification. Several studies have shown the differences and similarities among this genus but little
have been done on the chemical composition todelimit the taxa. GC-MS analysis was carried out onten different species using standard procedure. The
results reveal 195 compounds belonging to 17 functional groups. Carboxylic acids were the most prominent groups follow by alcohol, ketone, aldehyde andester among others. F. thonningi and F. platyphylla
are more related among the ten species while F.
vogelii is the most distance species in terms of themetabolite concentration. The percentage similari-

Abdullahi A. AbdulRahaman1, Abdulquadri
Sagaya1
1 Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Nigeria.
Ficus is one of the most diverse groups of flowering
plants with a great complexity which needs a prop-

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ty among the ten species was very high between F.
mucuso and F. asperifolia (94.84%) while the lowest
was between F. capensis and F. vogelii (81.17%). The
GC-MS analysis of the Ficus could provide useful information to the understanding of species variability and therefore, the distribution of the phytocompound of Ficus can be used as chemotaxonomic
character in explaining the relationship among thevarious species.

labels, and a smaller version called “tinylabels”),
and another three functions on the organization ofscientific events (event badges, attendance certificates, and participation certificates). LabeleR turns
a tedious process into a quick activity to obtain labels and/or certificates in PDF format for easy printing or distribution. We believe that this versatile tool
contributes to scientific efficiency by simplifying
complex, time-demanding labelling and organization processes.

P.1398 Looking for efficiency
when creating scientificlabels and certificates?
labeleR package is theanswer!

P.1399 American
Ternstroemia: a state of the
art
José R. Grande A.1, Andrés FonsecaCortés2, Fernanda Nunes Cabral3, Yeni
C. Barrios O.4, Thiago Mouzinho5, Leslie G.
Castillo R.6, Rosana Y. Gutiérrez A.7. Leysi
Martínez8

Julia G. de Aledo1,2,3, Francisco RodríguezSánchez4, Jimena Mateo-Martín1, Ignacio
Ramos1,3
1 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. 3 Centro
de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain. 4
Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.

1 Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. 2 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
3 Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais,
Brazil. 4 Instituto Jardín Botánico de Mérida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. 5 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da
Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. 6 Facultad de Farmacia
y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida,
Venezuela. 7 Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis,
Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. 8
Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad deLos Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.

A comprehensive R package, labeleR, has been developed to streamline the generation of labels forherbarium specimens and other scientific collections, attendance certificates, meeting identification
badges, and labels related to other scientific needs.
This highly accessible tool enables automatic label
and document renderization from extensive databases, optimizing typically lengthy and repetitive
processes. This package stands as an accessible
choice to other frequently used alternatives, suchas the mail merge function between Microsoft Excel and Word, Microsoft Access functions, or alternative computer programs that are often expensive
and require previous expertise. In contrast, the labeleR package can be used under an open-source
license, allowing it to be freely downloaded from theCRAN repository or GitHub (detailed tutorial is accessible online at https://ecologyr.github.io/labeleR/). Users can easily choose their source database,input QR codes and logos, customize content according to specific needs and even create their own
custom templates. The package has six main functions, three of them focused on the managementof scientific collections (herbarium labels, collection

Genus Ternstroemia has been, historically, one of theless studied Pantropical genera. In the last few decades, however, a wealth of contributions ranging fromclassical alpha-taxonomy to molecular systematics, biogeography, conservation, and ethnopharmacology, has expanded our understanding of it. In thepresent contribution we show, as a first step towards
a monographic treatment of the genus, a synthetic
approach to the current state of knowledge of the genus Ternstroemia in the Americas. To date, Venezuela,
Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Central America, and Mexico have more or less updated knowledge, remaining
most of the Andes and Insular Caribbean to be properly reviewed. Guayana Shield, Insular Caribbean, andnorthern Andes are the three main distribution andendemism centers. We introduce an updated species list, including synonyms, and geographic distributions for all the species. After the present revision, it is
known that the New World harbors ca. 88 species (ca.

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87 native, 1 introduced), 62% of the World total (ca. 141):
7 from the Brazilian Shield, 9 from North America andPanama, 21 from tropical Andes, Chocó, and Venezuelan Coastal Cordillera, ca. 24 from Insular Caribbean,
and 29 from the Guayana Shield and Amazonia. Most
diverse countries are Venezuela (28 spp.), Brazil (24spp.), and Colombia (20 spp.). After a preliminary conservation assessment, near 1/3 of the known species
are to be considered as endangered. A synoptic table
is included giving gross information for each country, biogeographic area, and major ecosystem type.
Recent phytochemical screening confirms phenolic
compounds and sterols in two additional species, andnew pharmacological studies expand our knowledge
on sedative effects and antibiotic properties.

P.1400 Taxonomical
studies on leaves of Butea
monosperma (Lam.) Taub.,
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.,
Phaseolus vulgaris L. andPisum sativum L.
Jessica Rene Hansdah1, Ajay Kumar
Srivastava2
1 Dept. of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India. 2
Dept. of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi, India.
Plant taxonomy is a branch of botany that deals
with identification, classification and nomenclatureof plants. All the four genera discussed in this paper
belong to subfamily Faboideae according to the APG
IV classification. Most of the taxonomic keys that areavailable for Family Fabaceae Lindl. are based on floral characters for which plants will have to be in theirreproductive phase. Flowering phase for most members of the concerned family lasts for a maximum offour months, therefore the plant is mostly found in its
vegetative phase and lack of a taxonomic key solely
based on vegetative characters can delay the identification process. The solution to this could be achieved
by developing a valid taxonomic key using leaf morphological characters. Studies incorporating the varied and unique architecture of each leaf or leaflet may
prove to be an important breakthrough to help identify plants in any season and help pace up the related research works. These can also provide adequate
information in paleobotanical fields concerning fossils
discovered in the form of leaves. Comparison of tree
constructed based on the phenetics with the molecular key may help validate the results.

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P.1401 Development of an
AI-powered herbarium
image pre-identification
system in Violaceae:
focusing on Korean species
Hyeonji Moon1, Su-Jeong Han2, Jaesung
Lee2, Sangtae Kim1*
1 Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea. 2 Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea.
An herbarium sheet is a record of temporal, geographical, morphological, and genetic informationof a species. In recent years, the major herbaria in
the world have rapidly digitized the labels and images of their collections and made them available
online. It promotes traditional specimen-basedtaxonomic, evolutionary, and ecological studies, as well as AI-driven fields of biodiversity loss
and climate change. Although accurate species
identification is critical to specimen-based botanical research, large herbaria still contain many
misidentified specimens that take taxon-specificexperts considerable time and effort to re-identify. In recent years, the application of deep learning to species identification in herbarium sheets
has been growing, driven by the growth of digital specimen data, improvements in GPU performance, and the development of convolutional
neural networks (CNNs) that are adept at image
identification. Viola (Violaceae) are distributedin ca. 660 taxa worldwide (ca. 40 in Korea). Their
specimens in Korea have high misidentification
rates due to 1) morphological similarity among
species and 2) seasonal or environmental variation within species. In this study, we developed
an automated pre-identification system using a
CNN with a curated dataset for fast and efficient
re-identification of herbarium data, focusing on
Violaceae distributed in Korea. We collected andre-identified herbarium data from major herbaria
in Korea. After preprocessing to remove non-plant
specimen components in the images, the entire
dataset was split into a training set, validation set,
and test sets. The CNN models were evaluatedbased on accuracy, F1-score, and confusion matrix. This preliminary study, focusing on a specifictaxon with a high misidentification rate, will contribute to improving the accuracy of future automated models for identifying Korean flora.

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P.1402 The death oftaxonomy: Comments on
the digitization of Natural
History Collections

P.1403 European taxonomy
in profile: a data-driven
approach

Evgeny V. Mavrodiev1, Manuel B. Crespo2,
David M. Williams3

Sofie Meeus1, Melanie De Nolf1, David
Fichtmüller2, Kennet Lundin3, Laura Tilley4,
Quentin Groom1

1 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of
Florida, Gainesville, USA. 2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources (Botany),
University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain. 3 Departmentof Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, London, UK.

1 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium. 2 Botanic
Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 3 Gothenburg Natural
History Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden. 4 Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.

The digitization of natural history collections has
become a priority in many museums and botanic gardens to document the specimens acquired.
Some issues have yet to receive appropriate attention. Consider one such potential problem: after digitization, there will be limited opportunity for
taxonomists to propose new conclusions from thesegigantic digital databases. This may lead to thepermanent inclusion of images of individuals frommultiple aphyletic groups – that is homonyms (in abroad application of this term) and non-monophyletic taxa and to their wide usage in future “global”
bioinformatic studies. Any expectation that Artificial
Intelligence (AI) will help resolve this issue and eventually replace human-based taxonomy results froma lack of understanding of what taxonomy involves
and what it is. The massive digitization of natural
history collections biases reliable taxonomic practices with respect to identifying living organisms. The
small number of remaining experts-taxonomists
worldwide, and the rare involvement of the latter inthe machine learning process, provide no warranty
even from the elementary mistakes in the automatic
AI’s identification of the images of digital collections.
The architecture of massive digitization ignores thepotential of a positive relationship between taxonomy and digitization. Because of this, the scienceof traditional taxonomy cannot effectively survive
within the current digital reality. Taxonomy is thefoundation of any biological systematic knowledge,
and the destruction of taxonomy is nothing but adetachment from biological reality. However, because giant digitization is irreversible, it is critical toestablish a new semantic framework for future studies based on massive, digitized collections. The philosophical heritage of Jean Baudrillard, one of themost prominent figures in European Postmodernismof the 20th century, is the best candidate for this role.

This study examines the service aspect of taxonomy in Europe, with a specific focus on the description, identification, and nomenclature of taxa. Traditionally viewed as a research discipline primarily
concerned with evolutionary aspects of biodiversity, this investigation specifically addresses the
supply and demand sides of taxonomy as a critical service for European biodiversity conservation.
Leveraging an automated approach facilitatedby OpenAlex, an open bibliography of scholarly
publications, we extract comprehensive data on
taxonomists, their affiliated institutions, and theirareas of expertise. This method ensures thoroughcoverage across all taxa while mitigating potential biases associated with self-reported questionnaires. In addition to analyzing the current
availability of taxonomic expertise (supply side),
our study delves into evaluating expertise gaps
by examining significant taxa from both researchand policy perspectives (demand side). By drawing upon datasets such as the list of invasive species on the horizon for Europe, Crop Wild Relatives,
and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, we
assess the relevance and demand for taxonomic
expertise. By adopting a nuanced approach thatconsiders the demand side, rather than assuming
equal policy importance across all taxa, our study
provides valuable insights into the contributions oftaxonomists in addressing conservation and policy needs in Europe. Through highlighting impacts,
challenges, and potential solutions, this researchunderscores the significance of taxonomy as a vital service. Our recommendations aim to prioritize
taxonomy, enhance its contributions to biodiversity conservation efforts, and offer guidance to policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders invested
in sustaining Europe’s rich biodiversity.

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P.1404 Synopsis of thegenus Rhynchospora(Cyperaceae) for Paraguay
María Fátima Mereles H.1, Ever López
Grau2,3, Pablo García Murillo3
1 Herbarium FCQ, Department of Botany, Faculty ofChemical Sciences, Research Directorate, Nationl
University of Asunción and National Researcher Incentive Program, National Council of Science andTechnology, CONACYT, Paraguay. 2 Department of
Botany, Research Directorate, Faculty of Chemical
Sciences, National University of Asunción, Paraguay. 3 Department of Plant Biology and Ecology,
University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
The family Cyperaceae in Paraguay is one the fourmain ones together with the Asteraceae, Fabaceae
and Poaceae, with the species of the genus Rhynchospora Vahl being the most abundant together
with Cyperus L. and Eleocharis R.Br. The reason isthat 30% of the country’s surface is linked to watera preferred hábitat for species of the genus since
the vast majority are in habitats with permanente

and temporary wáter. The family is one of the leastknow, so the objective to the research is to understand the species that inhabit the environments of
Paraguay. For this, studies werw carried out in National herbaria: FCQ, Herbarium FACEN and PY andin some regional ones: CTES, in addition to in situ
colections. To date, 39 species hace been found, 25of which are found in National herbaria: Rhynchospora alba, R. albiceps, R. asperula, R. Barrosiana, R.
brasiliensis, R. confinis, R. corymbosa, R. emaciata ,R. exaltata, R. globosa, R. gollmeri, R. holoschoenoides, R. marisculus, R. megapotamica, R. pedersenii,
R. polyantha, R. praecincta, R. pungens, R. riparia,
R. robusta, R. rugosa, R. scutellata, R. setigera, R. tenuis, R. velutina and others 14 species distributes in:
CTES, G, MO, NY, SI, mentioned in the literature. Thisis a considerable number of species for a familyof great importance of Paraguayan flora. Likewise,
our results demonstrate that to achieve adequate
knowledge of the genus, it is necessary to make an
additional research effort to know more accurately
other species of the genus since there are still information gaps in wetlands areas in the country, whichmust be investigated.

S.157. TELLING PLANT SPECIES APART WITH
DNA
P.1406 The complete
plastome sequencesof Caroxylon Moq.
(Chenopodiaceae Vent.)
species from Kazakhstan
Shyryn Almerekova1, Moldir
Yermagambetova1, Saule Abugalieva1,
Yerlan Turuspekov1
1 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Chenopodiaceae Vent. is one of the largest andmost ancient desert families in the World. Representatives of the family take a dominating positionin the flora of arid territories in Kazakhstan and are
known as classical halophytes and xerophytes.
The exact number of Caroxylon species worldwide
is still ambiguous, according to various authors,
the genus representatives are widely distributed

in desert and semi-desert regions of Central Asia.
Caroxylon species are known as fodder, medicinal plants, bioremediants and good sand fixators.
The complete plastome genome of Caroxylon
species from Kazakhstan were sequenced for thephylogenetic assessment. The NovaSeq 6000 Illumina system performed the plastome sequencing
of Caroxylon species from Kazakhstan. Caroxylon samples from Kazakhstan and GenBank werealigned to reconstruct phylogenetic tree. In total,
133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37transfer RNA, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes (including duplicated genes) were annotated in plastomes of Caroxylon species. The phylogenetic tree
was reconstructed based on 78 common protein
coding genes. The mononucleotide, dinucleotide,
trinucleotide, tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide
and hexanucleotide repeats were detected inCaroxylon species from Kazakhstan. By conducting a comparative analysis of plastome genome
sequences in Caroxylon species, regions with highpolymorphism were identified. These genes may

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serve as potential DNA barcode markers for future
investigations.
Acknowledgments: This research is funded by the
Science Committee of the Ministry of Education andScience of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No.
AP14869593).

P.1407 Morphologicalvariations in Phyllanthus
genus: dilemmas in
identification of the correct
medicinal species

P.1408 Phylogenetic
relationships of theCampanula group
Megalocalyx, andassignment of a new
species from Beirut
Calvo-Heredia, L1, Itani, M2, Aldasoro J.3,
Alarcón M.3, Al-Zein, MS5, Manzano, P2,4,
Meseguer, AS1
1 Department of Biodiversity and Conservation.
Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2 Global Change and Conservation Lab, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of
Helsinki, Finland. 3 Instituto Botánico de Barcelona,
CSIC, Barcelona, Spain. 4 Basque Centre for Climate Change, Leioa, Spain. 5 Department of Biology. Faculty of Arts and Sciences. American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

Barupal M.1, Shani A.2, Arora S.3
1 Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Some species of the Phyllanthus genus are renowned for their properties as kidney stone breakers and anti-inflammatories. However, the genus
Phyllanthus comprises approximately 1000 species,
some of which are quite mysterious to identify solely
through morphological descriptions found in floras. Early nomenclature and variations in naming
conventions further complicate the identificationof correct species, particularly for their medicinal
properties. Molecular barcoding sometimes adds
to the uncertainty, as species may be incorrectly
annotated based on given morphology and avialable flora. In this study, we present the characterization of five species (Phyllanthus amarus, P. niruri, P. fraternus, P. debilis, P. maderaspatensis and P.
urineria) of this genus grown locally, employing a
combination of morphological analysis, anatomy ofleaf and stem, and molecular barcoding. Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn. is often mistaken
for other similar species such as P. niruri L., P. fraternus G.L.Webster, and P. debilis Klein ex Willd. All fivespecies are commonly found in monsoonal regions.
However, during the winter season, a species withfive tepals, typically identified as P. amarus in flora
literature, dominates the area. Notably, winter plants
exhibit smaller leaf sizes and heights but bear agreater abundance of stacked fruits compared totheir summer counterparts, if we agree with the factthat both are the same species having five tepals.
In most floras, these species are primarily distinguished by leaf shape and the number of tepals in
the perianth. Furthermore, the evolutionary and genetic causes behind the high rate of variation in thisgenus we also discussed in this report.

During a thorough assessment of coastal plant diversity in Lebanon in 2012, we came across a populationof Campanula in a restricted area (<1km2) in Beirut, thepopulation divided into two sites by a road. Specimensfrom this population exhibit a close resemblance toCampanula stellaris Boiss., although some morphological and ecological traits, combined with a contrasted distribution, suggest that they could belong to
a new species. Campanula stellaris has a native range
stretching from southern Turkey to Israel, and western
Iraq. In Lebanon this speciesis common and usually
grows in rocky fields. In contrast, the Beirut population
was found on a single sandstone cliff close the sea.
Notable morphological differences, such as variations in calyx and calyx lobe size, style length and colour, corolla, nectary colour, and seed shape, suggest
the potential existence of a distinct species tentatively
named Campanula infilicimi. In this study, we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among the twelve
Middle Eastern and Mediterranean species comprising
the Megalocalyx group, to which this putative species
and C. stellaris belongs, based on nuclear and chloroplast markers. We then infer the phylogenetic positionof the new specimens within this tree. We also use species delimitation approaches to define species boundaries within the Megalocalyx group and evaluate thetentative assignment of the Beirut specimens to a new
species. Further, we discuss the conservation status ofCampanula infilicimi, whose only known population isseverely threatened by the development of a tourist resort. Parts of the lower cliff have already been lost to thedevelopment of a hotel, and the population is experi-

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ology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.

encing major fluctuations and a decreasing trend. The
documentation and classification of this new species isessential to justify the protection of the area and prevent its potential extinction.

To identify and monitor all multicellular organisms in
the Netherlands, the project Authoritative and Rapid Identification System for Essential biodiversity information (ARISE) was set up. Within this project, thesubproject “DNA barcoding the Dutch Flora” focusses on building a DNA barcoding library of the Dutch
flora, which contains about 1500 vascular plant species representing 136 plant families. With this DNA
library, plant DNA obtained during metabarcoding
projects can be identified. However, there is not one
standard DNA barcode by which all vascular plants
can be identified. So far, the Internal TranscribedSpacer (ITS) and the chloroplast maturase K gene
(matK) have been obtained for a large part of the
Dutch Flora. For each species, three individuals fromdifferent populations have been collected, sampled
and sequenced. Collecting and sampling has been
carried out by volunteers coordinated by FLORON,
the Dutch Floristic Research foundation. This ongoingproject creates the opportunity to investigate which
DNA markers give better resolution for specific plantgroups. While making sure all of the Dutch vascularplants are added to the reference library. Here, we
present a case study on the Dutch Ranunculaceae
species testing the different markers by investigating if they show the same phylogenetic signal andspecies delimitation. Within Ranunculus subgenus
Batrachium we expect to find incongruence causedby hybridization which complicates identification
based on morphology. For the genus Ficaria, a new
species for the Netherlands or a possible hybrid between F. verna and F. ambigua, is expected basedon preliminary study of flower size, DNA weight, pollen fertility, and achenes viability. We test whether
the different markers provide more insight on species delimitation or presence of a hybrid.

P.1409 Reversible
phosphorylation of WOX5
protein controls thehomeostasis of QC
Ling Chen1
1 State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Advanced Studies. Wuhan University, WuHan, China.
Fundamental questions of structural and functional
homeostasis of the Arabidopsis QC in root stem cellniche remain elusive. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5(WOX5) protein, which serves as a QC marker, yet theregulation of its homeostasis remains unknown. Here,we characterize a novel role of PEST domain in WOX5
protein, which stabilizes WOX5 protein by phosphorylating GSK3 Motifs (GMs). Next, we demonstrate thatthe subfamily II of Arabidopsis SHAGGY-like Kinases(AtSKs) stabilizes WOX5 protein by phosphorylating
the GMs in the PEST domain and the subfamily II of thecatalytic subunit of Arabidopsis PP2A (AtPP2A-Cs) holoenzymes destabilizes WOX5 protein by dephosphorylating the GMs. Moreover, we find both in situ overexpressed and phosphate-mimicked WOX5 protein can
reduce the proliferative activity of the original stele initials (SI) and its daughter cells (SID), leading to the production of more quiescent cells. Taken together, ourfindings suggest that the homeostasis of WOX5 protein is modulated by reversible phosphorylation, whichfunctionally controls the homeostasis of the QC cells’
low proliferative activity. Furthermore, the subfamily II
of AtPP2A-Cs structurally controls the homeostasis of
one-layer QC by down-regulating WOX5 expression
and destabilizing WOX5 protein in the SI and SID.

P.1411 Enhancing Quercus
cerris identification via DNA
barcoding and new PCR
primersP.1410 DNA barcoding theDutch Flora: a case study ofFicaria (Ranunculaceae)

D. Fantozzi1, D. Trupiano1, G.S. Scippa1, G.
Sferra1

Annabelle R. de Vries1, Hans ter Steege1,2,Helena Duistermaat1,3

1 University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.

1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. 2 Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht
University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 3 Institue of Bi-

In an increasingly urbanised world, the importance ofoak trees in urban environments is growing. Althoughoaks continue to provide ecological, aesthetic, and717

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Poster presentationssocial benefits in cities, they face unique challenges
due to urban environmental stressors, such as limited
root space and poor-quality soils. Therefore, it is essential to understand the adaptability and resilienceof oak roots since they play a crucial role in the survival trends and health states of these urban plants.
Roots are crucial in resisting adverse environmental conditions since they absorb nutrients and water,
as well function in tree anchoring especially in often
altered urban soils. However, studying roots in urban
environment represents a significant challenge due totheir underground nature, which, in urban contexts, isfurtherly complicated by the complexity of this environment. So, molecular techniques, such as DNA barcoding, provide new opportunities to distinguish tree
species and to explore the biological diversity associated with their roots. Thus, the purpose of this study,
funded by “National Biodiversity Future Center—NBFC”
project (CUP: H73C22000300001) under the National
Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) —NextGenerationEU, Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4, is to apply DNA barcoding to identify oak species and related
abiotic and biotic interactors in urban contexts. In thisperspective here we propose the design of PCR primers for species-specific DNA barcoding of Quercus
cerris. The approach was based on: target sequence
identification (scientific literature and sequence databases) and selection known sequences among oak
genus with the highest genetic divergence, primer
design and testing. Several primer pairs have been
identified with the potential to distinguish Q. cerrisfrom other species of the same genus and have beenin silico validated. The upcoming phase includes thetesting of these primers by known samples to confirm
their specificity to Q. cerris and subsequently applying
them to field samples.

P.1412 Detection ofphylogenetic variability
in the Hypopterygium
tamarisci complex throughSanger sequencing andgenetic captureDavid G. del Olmo1, Rafael Medina2
1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Hypopterygium tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. ex Müll. Hal. isa taxon of pleurocarp mosses with a disjunct distribution in the southern hemisphere, spanning SouthAmerica, Africa, Southeastern Asia, and Australasia.
Bryophytes with disjunct distributions and widemorphological variability often hide cryptic diversity within despite being commonly assigned to asingle species. Previous studies of H. tamarisci revealed substantial phylogenetic structure and somedegree of biogeographic clustering, but remain inconclusive due to limited molecular variability of thesequenced loci. This study expands the explorationof traditional genomic regions by incorporating
unsequenced markers from the plastid genome.
Sanger sequencing is employed, and a phylogenetic reconstruction is conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Additionally, a Hyb-Seq approach using the GoFlag probe set
is implemented to identify highly variable nuclear
genes, design specific primers for conventional amplification, and include a new set of nuclear loci inthe analysis. We discuss this combined approachas a cost-effective system to find variable sites andexplore the consequences of our results for the systematics of the H. tamarisci complex.

P.1413 The nature of oak
speciesAndrew L. Hipp1,2, Alan T. Whittemore1

1 Herbarium and Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, USA. 2 Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
Plant biologists have debated the nature of oak species for more than 200 years. Opinions range fromthe opinion that oak species hybridize relatively
rarely to the view that related oaks form syngameons, near-freely interbreeding complexes of species.
Understanding species boundaries and gene flow inoaks is essential to conserving the ca. 425 global oak
species on which humans and hundreds to thousands of arthropod, fungus, vertebrate, and plant
species depend. We review published data on oak
species boundaries based on multilocus nuclear
data and conclude that most traditional oak species
investigated are diagnosable as genomic cluster
species. Nonetheless, individual oaks demonstratea wide range of mixed-species ancestry, with as
many as 20% of individuals averaged across studies
admixed at a level of 10% or higher. We also review
the burgeoning oak literature investigating adaptive
introgression, the incorporation of alleles from one
species into another through hybridization followed
by generations of natural selection and backcrossing. species. In combination, these studies suggestthat introgression often plays a creative force in oaks,

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increasing diversity and offering a potential genetic
rescue for species on the verge of extinction. Several outstanding questions demand additional research. How important is multispecies introgressionin oaks, which often grow within pollination distanceof a numerous reproductively compatible species?
Are there conditions under which we expect genetic swamping to pose a strong risk to endangeredoak species, and if so, does adaptive introgression
significantly offset this risk? Does interspecific geneflow in oaks generally reflect a history of divergencewith genetic exchange or secondary contact after
speciation? Finally, we highlight the connections between oak introgression and introgression studies inother tree genera, the evident low prevalence of hybrid speciation in oaks compared to other tree genera, and the implications of oak introgression for thediversity of other trophic levels.

P.1414 Phylogenetic
approach to the genus
Breutelia (Bartramiaceae,
Bryophyta).

ic inference was performed by Maximum Likelihood
and Bayesian Inference methods. This work reflects
the complex phylogenetic and taxonomic situationof the genus highlighting the existence of fast radiations and the resolution of several morphologicallydefined species as polyphyletic. These results show
the need for further taxonomic study in this group forthe proper delimitation of the species and to unravel
their evolutionary history.

P.1415 Reconstructing pastvegetation dynamics on
the Korean peninsula using
eDNA analysis
Jung A Kim1, Yoonjee Hong1, Hye Sook
Jeon1, Chae Eun Lim1
1 Climate change and environmental biology research division, National Institute of Biological Resources, South Korea.

Irene Lafuente1, Guillermo Díez2, Rafael
Medina3, Jesús Muñoz1
1 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Bryophytes are among organisms that make thetropical Andes one of the most diverse regions of theworld. The great diversity, endemicity and the important role that bryophytes play in the ecosystem
make them a key element of the region, since theyaccount for the water and soil conservation in theAndes, especially in the wasteland, humid puna, andmontane forest. Breutelia (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp.
is a genus of bryophytes containing about 90 species, of which about 40 are found in the Neotropics.
Breutelia belongs to the Bartramiaceae, a little studied family where taxonomy work has focused almost
exclusively on morphology, while molecular phylogenetic analyses are still missing. Although there isa global phylogeny of the family, the genus Breutelia is underrepresented (6 specimens of 6 different species) and there are no broader phylogenetic
studies of the genus. This work constitutes the firstphylogenetic approach to Breutelia. After DNA extraction, plastidial (trnL-F, rpl16, atpb-rbcL, rps4 andpsbA-trnH) and nuclear (ITS2) genetic markers weresequenced by Sanger sequencing, and phylogenet-

Understanding
paleoenvironmental
changescan provide valuable information for predicting
and preparing for future climate change. In thisstudy, environmental DNA(eDNA) analysis was introduced as a method to understand paleoenvironmental changes. We focused on soil sediment
samples from the temperate wetland region of
the Korean Peninsula, which are presumed to besensitive to climate change. As a result of eDNA
analysis of soil samples from temperate wetlandson the Korean Peninsula, it was confirmed that
eDNA analysis targeting plant taxa was possible
in soil sediment core samples from the topsoil
layer to 17m underground. A total of 25 families
and 21 genera of vascular plants and 2 familiesof bryophytes were identified. The results of heat
map analysis showed a high frequency of occurrence of the Genus Pinus and Quercus. In addition,aquatic plants, evergreen broad-leaved trees,and deciduous coniferous trees appeared overtime, confirming changes in flora within the same
area. In addition, flora information from the past
to the present was reconstructed by combining
eDNA and pollen composition results in soil samples, and past flora changes were recognized. In
particular, through eDNA analysis, new taxa thatwere not detected in existing pollen analysis werediscovered. To predict floral changes due to futureclimate change, we developed a prototype artificial intelligence (AI) model based on the correlation between average temperature and the taxo-

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nomic information by each era. We present a new
approach to predict future biodiversity changes based on past biodiversity information using
eDNA analysis and AI technology. As a result, eDNA
technology is expected to not only complement
existing biodiversity research methods but also
become an important tool for understanding pastecosystem changes and predicting future changes. This study is expected to contribute to the development of protocols for soil eDNA analysis andenvironmental monitoring programs.

P.1416 Developmentof molecular marker
for Chinese ginger
identification

P.1417 The impostor among
Limonium vulgare Mill.: theLimonium case in the Azores
Guilherme Roxo1, Ana Caperta2, Mark
Carine3, Ann Mc Cartney4, Maria
Romeiras2, Rúben M. C. Rego1, Alejandra
Herrezuelo1, Pedro Talhinhas2, Luís
Silva1, Roberto Resendes1, Raúl Mendes1,
Elisabete Dias1, Mónica Moura1
1 University of Azores, School of Sciences and Technology, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. 2 Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon,
Portugal. 3 Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. 4 Genome Institute, University ofCalifornia, Santa Cruz, USA.

Kittayout Pollakhan1, Thanaboon
Wichianrat1, Maliwan Nakkuntod2
1 Naresuan University secondary demonstration
school, Phitsanulok, Thailand. 2 Biology Department, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
Fingerroot or Krachai belonging to the Zingiberaceae family becomes a potential herb inhibiting the
COVID -19 virus because of containing Panduratin
A as flavonoid. In Thailand, there are three popularspecies of fingerroot, namely Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf., B. panduratada Roxb. and Kaempferia parviflora Wallich ex Baker. Due to the morphological similarities among three species, it is difficult
to distinguish based on only morphology. The aimof this research was to develop SCAR markers fromSRAP polymorphism to identify the species B. rotunda containing high potential chemicals. The results
showed that SRAP markers were able to generate 2polymorphic bands to specific to B. rotunda. After
cloning and sequencing, the polymorphic band sizeof 1,000 bp was successful, which had 93.76 percent
identity with be intergenic spacer between cob andrps14 gene of Haberlea rhodopensis (MH757117). After that, the 3 forward (BoRo-F1, BoRo-F2, BoRo-F3)
and 2 reverse (BoRo-R1, BoRo-R2) SCAR primers
were designed and made 6 combinations for PCR
testing. The results demonstrated that a combination primer (BoRo-F1R1, BoRo-F2R1, BoRo-F3R1, and
BoRo-F3R2) was successfully used to identify Boesenbergia genus; moreover, another pair primer(BoRo-F1R2 and BoRo-F2R2) was used for the identification of the B. rotunda species. Therefore, these
SRAP-SCAR markers are effective to identify in levels of genus and species.

The Plumbaginaceae Juss. is a cosmopolitan
family within which the genus Limonium Mill. is
the richest in terms of the number of species, withestimates ranging from 300-600. The Azores archipelago consists of nine islands and is locatedapproximately 1,300 kilometres west of mainland
Portugal, 1,600 kilometres east of North America, and 800 kilometres north-west of Madeira.
In the Azores, the genus is represented by one
taxon. While typically referred to Limonium vulgare Mill, Diáz-González et al. (2006) suggested
that Azorean individuals should be recognised as
L. diasii. This designation, used in a book of abstracts, has yet to be validly published and there
has been no morphological or molecular data to
support the proposed segregation of the taxon.
In this study, flow cytometry, karyotype and phylogenetic data were used to investigate the status of L. diasii. Preliminary results revealed a lower
genome size in Azorean specimens (3.345 ± P.40pg) compared to plants from populations from
Portugal and Morocco (5.75 ± 0.10 pg, Róis et al.,2018). Whereas taxa belonging to the Limonium
vulgare complex are considered tetraploid (2n =4x = 36 chromosomes), our results revealed thatthe plants from the Azores are diploid (2n=2x=16).
These preliminary findings lend support to therecognition of Azorean plants as a distinct taxon,
but further phylogenetic and morphological data
are necessary to further investigate the distinctiveness of Azorean plants of this complex.

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P.1418 DNA barcoding of an
edible insect and its hostplant in Southern Mexico

commonly used in DNA barcoding plants: rbcL andmatK and we amplified gen CO1 for the insects. In allcases universal primers were used. Percent amplification and sequencing success observed on both genes
used in plants was 100%, while percent amplificationand sequencing obtained in insects were 68.75% and45.45% respectively. DNA sequences obtained wereedited and aligned with CodonCode software. We
used BLAST analysis to compare our DNA sequences
to the base data of GenBank and BOLD. In the case of
the host plant, we obtained 100% identity to Acaciellaangustissima using both genes rbcL and matk. Nevertheless, in the insect DNA sequences we observed
a maximum percentage identity of 84% to Umbonia crassicornis. An insect taxonomy specialist determined that our insect was U. reclinate, a membracid
species that is not yet registered in the taxonomy baseof GenBank, and therefore, it explains the low similarity
found to U. crassicormis. Metadata obtained with theedible insect and its host plant were submitted to thebase data of BOLD in the project registered as EDINO.
This work contributed to generate a DNA library of sequences of an edible insect, U. reclinate, and its hostplant Acaciella angustissima.

Sonia Trujillo-Argueta1, Rafael F. delCastillo1, Zaira Cortes-López2, José
Antonio Sánchez-García1, Héctor MiguelGuzmán-Vásquez1
1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR, Sta. Cruz
Xoxocotlán, México. 2 Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca de Juárez, México.
In the world several insects are edible. In México, several
cultural groups add insects to their diet. Although “grillos” (grasshoppers) and “chicatanas” (ants) are commonly eaten in Oaxaca State, there is an edible insect
poorly known named by local people “tigrillos” found ina Fabaceae plant called “timbre”. We used barcoding
DNA technique to determine species name of this edible insect and its host plant. DNA was extracted fromsmall sections of the leaves of the plants, and we usedlegs from the insects. In the case of the plants, we amplified DNA (PCR) using two chloroplast genes that are

S.158. THE EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
OF APOMICTIC PLANTS.
P.1420 Invasive apomictic
hybrid dandelions: DNAcontent changes in WesternJapan indicate increased
backcrossing

creasing genetic diversity and adaptation to newenvironments. The European common dandelion,
Taraxacum officinale, primarily reproduces throughapomixis but can hybridize with native Japanesedandelions. The resulting hybrids are more abundant than pure T. officinale in Japan because theyacquire genes from Japanese species and may
be better adapted to the Japanese environment.
Backcrossing with native species can further acquire genes from native species and invade the environments where native dandelions are abundant.
However, the occurrence and spread of backcrossing individuals in natural settings is not well understood. This study aims to investigate the proportionof backcross hybrids in Western Japan. To achievethis, the nuclear DNA content of hybrid seeds collected during the Dandelion Survey Western Japan
2005-2020 was measured by flow cytometry. The
proportions of F1 and backcross hybrids were estimated using a Bayesian model based on the DNAcontent data obtained. The results showed that the
proportion of backcross hybrids has been increas-

Toru Jogaki1, Yuuki Osafune2, Taishi
Kodama2, Tsukiya Kubo1, Satoshi Nanami1,
Akira Itoh1
1 Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan. 2
Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
Hybridization is important for invasive apomictic
plants, which can rapidly expand by asexual seedproduction. Although apomixis enables rapid dispersal, it cannot counteract the reduced genetic
diversity caused by the founder effect, which hinders adaptation to new environments. Therefore,hybridization with native species is essential for in-721

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ing annually. The increase of triploid backcross hybrids was particularly significant in areas where
native species were abundant. The results suggestthat backcross hybrids that acquire more genes
from native species may become better adapted tonative growth conditions. If backcrossing continues,
it could lead to the emergence of hybrids that are
well-adapted to the environments dominated bynative species, potentially threatening the growthof native species. Further research is necessary toinvestigate the ecological characteristics of backcross hybrids and understand their potential impact
on the growth of native species.

P.1421 Genotypic andphenotypic diversity ofapomictic dandelion
introduced about 120 years
ago in Hokkaido, Japanwas similar within a genotype group, whereas notamong genotype groups. These suggest that introduced T. officinale itself includes at least some genotypes with different phenotypes in present, and it
might have evolved through mutation and natural
selection for 120 years, or some genotypes of T. officinale might have been introduced in Japan.

P.1422 Geographicaldistribution patterns ofapomictic plants and their
phylogenetic diversity
Robin Matz1, Diego H. Hojsgaard2,
Agostina Sassone2, Laura Rose1, Piyal
Karunarathne1
1 Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University,
Düsseldorf,
Germany.
2 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop
Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany. *piyal.
karunarathne@hhu.de.

Shuhei Matsuyama1, Tamaki Matsumoto1,
Takahiro Matsunaga2, Yui Saito1, Akira Itoh2
1 College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan.
2 Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan
University, Osaka, Japan.
Plants introduced to an island environment arethought to reproduce evolution and adaptation ina novel environment, so it gives us an opportunity
to observe how the adaptation and evolution haveproceeded or how much time has been taken to mutate. Taraxacum officinale is a facultative apomictic
plant introduced in Hokkaido, Japan, about 120 years
ago. The species shows high genotypic diversity inJapan, it may be caused by mutation, and crossing and backcrossing with native diploid Taraxacum
species. As a step to understand the contributionof sexual production and apomixis in the genotypic
diversity, the SSR genotypic diversity was evaluatedfor the species from 21 sites in Hokkaido, where there
is no native diploid sexual Taraxacum. To examine
whether the genotypes show different responses toenvironmental conditions, we evaluated and compared the difference among genotypes in the response to the light environmental change througha cultivation experiment. In Hokkaido, collected T.
officinale was triploid, and two common genotypes
and minor genotypes were detected. The genotypes were classified into three groups in the analysis considering errors in the PCR and electrophoresis. The response to the light environmental change

Apomixis is an asexual reproductive strategy inwhich plants are able to produce viable seeds fromsomatic cells or unfertilized megaspores. Studies on
apomictic species suggest that apomixis is an ancestral trait to angiosperms which can re-emerge inangiosperm genera and enables the host species
to take a pioneering role in new environments andbroaden their niche. This has led to the hypothesisthat apomixis may show a latitudinal gradient. Using an up-to-date dataset of apomictic plant species, we explored the geographical distribution of
apomictic species, paying special attention to thelatitudinal gradient. We obtained the distribution
data from the World Flora Online database and visualized the species richness across the globe. Our
results show that higher percentages of native vascular plant species are apomictic in higher latitudes
compared to their tropical counter parts. While Asteraceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae showed the highest number of apomictic species, their distribution
in different continents varied significantly. Further,
we explored the geographical distribution of phylogenetic diversity in apomictic species to visualize
macroecological patterns. This can grant us insight
into the evolutionary history of apomixis and the roleit plays in speciation events. Our initial results showthat the distribution of the phylogenetic diversity inapomictic species does not follow the same latitudinal pattern as species richness and varies substantially across different regions.

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P.1423 Tracking of theearly stages of apomixis
formation in nature: insightsfrom the genus Hieraciums.str. (Asteraceae)
Patrik Mráz1, Begoña Quirós-de-la-Peña1,2,
Pavel Zdvořák1, Eliška Záveská1,2, YannJ. K. Bertrand2, Jiřina Josefiová2, Shook
Ling2, Barbora Tomešová2, Daniel Papež3,
Alexander Belyayev2, Jindřich Chrtek1,2
1 Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague,
Czechia. 2 Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia 3 University ofWest Bohemia, Plzeň, Czechia.
Hieracium s.str. is one of the apomictic genera withthe highest incidence of gametophytic apomixis(clonal embryos derived from unreduced embryosacs without fertilization). All polyploid accessions
analysed to date have been found to be obligate ornear-obligate apomicts. Large-scale flow cytometric seed screening revealed that residual sexuality
was present in only about 1% of plants and about
0.4% of seed progeny. Furthermore, in facultative
apomictics, sexually formed progeny are a minority, whereas apomictic progeny clearly predominate.

These quantitative patterns suggest strong selection for full penetrance of apomixis, which is also
reflected in high seed set in stabilised apomictic
polyploids. As apomixis is a derived state and ‘only’
modifies a normal sexual pathway, we can logically expect more reproductive perturbations in young
apomictic polyploids. These should be more sterile,
have a higher rate of sexuality and a lower rate of
apomixis compared to stabilised polyploids. In 2014,
we found a population of reproductively unstable,
triploid species of the H. nigrescens group (morphologically between H. alpinum and H. murorum) that
could represent such a young polyploid lineage. It
is morphologically very similar to one of its putative
parents, H. alpinum, which occurs at the site with
two other, but morphologically more distinct andpresumably stabilised tetraploid species of H. nigrescens. This situation suggests a recent origin of
the unstable triploid, which could arise from hybridisation between diploid sexual H. alpinum and tetraploid apomictic H. nigrescens. To gain a deeper
insight into this evolutionarily compelling system, we
assessed seed sets of all co-occurring taxa, determined the mode of reproduction by flow cytometric seed screening, and assessed their relatedness
using genomic RADseq, cpDNA and a cytogenetic
approach. These data are confronted with thoseobtained from experimental hybridization between
H. alpinum and H. nigrescens s.str.

S.159. THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OFNONCHARISMATIC BIODIVERSITY IN THE FACE
OF A CHANGING WORLD
P.1424 Strategies to designand develop substantial air
quality gardens for urban
air pollution abatement toremove particulate matterMoumita Basu1
1 Department of Botany, Kalna College, West Bengal, India.
Air pollution is now regarded as an increasingly threatening major environmental risk for humanhealth and the leading cause of death worldwide.

According to WHO reports, 7 million deaths per year
are attributed to air pollution each year involving
almost 99% of the global population that breathe
polluted air. The one of the most harmful, hazardous and dangerous forms of pollution is caused by
the Particulate Matters (0.10 - 0.25 nm) consistingof solid and liquid particles suspended in the air
which causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In the 21st century, an exponential growth ofurbanization is observed in the metropolitan cities
of India causing continuous and alarming increaseof urban air pollution for the last few decades. Several urban plants like (Ficus bengamina, Swietenia
hondura, Araucaria heterophylla, Couroupita guainensis, Kigellia, Tamarindus indica, Eucalyptus gunnii,723

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Manilkara zapota) can directly reduce particulates
by absorbing them in to the leaves and filters atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NO2) through leaves acting as “the lungs of the Ecosystem “. Planting only
tree species is not as much beneficial sometimes
if they are not so well PM absorbers or there is notenough space of planting tree species. With the helpof Horticopia Database, i-Tree Species Software andPhyto- Sensor Toolkit it is concluded that herbs like
Aster spp., Salvia nemorosa, Convolvulus cneorum,
Alchemilla mollis, Euphorbia characias, Hedera helix
etc. can take over that landscapes with their high
PM absorbing capacity. Green walls, green screens
also enhance the biodiversity in polluted urban areas. In this scenario, it is important to design quality gardens in the modern Indian urban landscapesin which the herbs, shrubs and trees together can
combat the Particulate Matter levels of a particulargeographical area.

P.1425 Macrofungi andlichenised fungi asbiological indicators: thecase of Pyrenean oak andchestnut forests in Castilla yLeón (Spain)in the chestnut groves there were 55.1% saprophytic, 44.1% mycorrhizal and 0.8% parasitic. Furthermore,
analysing lichen sensitivity to contamination, 55.3%of the species showed high sensitivity in oak woods,
while 56.5% showed medium sensitivity in chestnut
forests. Assessment of fungal diversity provides aholistic view of the health of forest ecosystems andcould help identify areas requiring specific conservation measures. A better understanding of therelationship between fungal diversity and habitat
quality would also contribute to the developmentof more effective management strategies for better
habitat management. However, it would be advisable to carry out specific studies on a smaller scale
to obtain more accurate results.

P.1426 Dynamics ofgrassland plant diversity
and productivity after the
cessation of long-term
nutrient additions
Miao He1, Yann Hautier2, Kathryn. E. Barry2,
Forest Isbell1
1 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul,the United States. 2 Utrecht University, Utrecht, theNetherlands.

Sonia Perfecto Arribas1, David Rodríguez
de la Cruz1, Luis Delgado Sánchez1
1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
In recent decades, fungi have started to be used as
bio-indicators to assess the biodiversity and conservation status of different habitats. Their usefulness
as bio-indicators is due to their high adaptability
and sensitivity, allowing them to reflect changes inecosystem quality. In this study, in order to compare
fungal diversity among the Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) forests of Central Spain, we compiled records of macrofungi and lichenised fungi from the
GBIF database using ArcGIS 10.8., and then analysed
the possible implications of their presence for theconservation of these forest habitats. 560 species
of macrofungi and 526 species of lichens were obtained in the Pyrenean oak forests and 127 species
of macrofungi and 85 species of lichens in chestnut groves. In terms of macrofungal life mode, in
Pyrenean oak forests there were 71.8% saprophytic
species, 27.7% mycorrhizal and 0.5% parasitic, while

Many grassland ecosystems are experiencing nutrient
enrichment, which generally increases grassland biomass production but causes diversity decline, shifting
species interactions and composition. These impacts
may exacerbate as nutrient inputs and effects accumulate over many years and decades. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent the impactsof nutrient addition are readily reversible after the cessation of nutrient addition. In a 40-year grassland experiment, we monitored the dynamics of plant species
diversity, composition, and aboveground biomass production in plots that had either: (1) no nutrient addition(control plots), (2) 40 years of continuous nutrient addition at one of eight rates of annual nitrogen (N) input
ranging from 0 to 270 kg/ha, or (3) 10 years of nutrient
addition followed by a 30-year opportunity for recovery after cessation of nitrogen addition. Earlier studiesof this experiment considered the first three decades ofthe study and reported that: (1) plant diversity gradually recovered after cessation of lower rates (0-95 kg N /ha / year) of nutrient inputs, whereas (2) plant diversity failed to recover after cessation of higher rates (95270 kg N / ha / year) of nutrient inputs. Here we found724

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that plant diversity has started to recover in the third
decade after cessation of high rates of nutrient inputs.
We also found a gradually diminishing effect of former
fertilization on community biomass within 30 years after
cessation of nutrient inputs. Change of species composition contributes to the different return rates towards
control levels of species richness and community biomass. Most of the recovered species are native species
and non-legume forb, while few C3 grasses species
remain dominant. These results could help elucidate
the long-lasting impacts of agricultural managementon plant communities and the pace of unassisted recovery in plant diversity and productivity following the
cessation of nutrient enrichment.

communities do not show a significant pattern on the
response to ecological factors, however sites locatedin more natural areas tend to hold higher diversity andlower abundances of species tolerating high levels of
eutrophization or aridity.

P.1428 The study of
Acarosporaceae in Central
EuropeTereza Pušová1, Kerry K. Knudsen1, Jana
Kocourková1
1 Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental
Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague,
Czech Republic.

P.1427 Lichen recolonizationof volcanic quarries in a
Mediterranean climate
Esteve Llop1
1 Department of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
The most recent and largest volcanic area on the
Iberian Peninsula is located in the north-eastern part,in the county of La Garrotxa. The volcanic remains
include volcanos, lava flows and rootless volcanic
cones. These materials have been altered by humanactivity for centuries, mainly exploited as quarries forthe construction of houses, bridges and other buildings. The end of exploitation of quarries has allowed
the renaturalization of the affected areas, and also
the colonization of exposed volcanic cone walls andhillocks by vascular plants, mosses and lichens. The
study of lichen diversity on three quarries has included
epiphytic, saxicolous and terricolous and muscicolous
communities, and a list of 83 species has been produced. The list does not include menaced taxa, according to the current catalogue of threaten flora. Unfortunately, the knowledge on the current situation of
the lichen biota is still poor. The sites share a 42% of thelichen species, however the saxicolous communities
only have a 22% of similarity in their species composition. On the other hand, epiphyte communities show a
58% of similarity between species composition. The response to ecological factors seems to be more similar
between sites, with an 88% of similarity, being a bit lower in saxicolous communities (73%) compared to epiphytic ones (81%). The main differences in saxicolous
communities are related with orientation, as areas
facing south hold higher abundances of species tolerating high levels of eutrophization or aridity. Epiphytic

Acarosporaceae is a global family of crustose lichenson rocks and soil with seven genera, Acarospora,
Lithoglypha, Myriospora, Pleopsidium, Sarcogyne,
Timdalia, and Trimmatothelopsis. Acarosporaceae
are especially adapted to arid, hot and sunny locations. The diversity of the family in Europe is over
200 described taxa, but many are poorly known, andmany are in need of modern revisions. Molecularanalysis is also discovering greater diversity of Acarosporaceae in Europe. In the beginning of our studyof the genus Acarospora in central Europe, A. discreta is revised. It has long been considered problematic. Our new study provides a detailed analysis
of its morphology and genetic characteristics, allowing precise identification. We are also studying A.
crozalsii, A. nitrophila, and A. praeruptorum.

P.1419 H3 serine 10
phosphorylation patterns
during meiosis in sexual andasexual Limonium species
Catarina Gomes-Domingues1,*, Nelly
Silva1, David Cortiço1, Ana D. Caperta1
1 LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture
and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory
TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal.
*catarinaagomes01@gmail.com
In plants, cell cycle dependent H3 phosphorylation atserine 10 (H3Ser10ph) is required for sister chromatid
cohesion during metaphase I and for sister chromatid pericentromeres in metaphase II (Houben et al.
2007). Limonium species (sea lavenders, Plumbagina-725

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Poster presentationsceae) are an interesting case study for male sporogenesis since diploid species present regular meiosis
whereas polyploid species show several chromosome
paring and segregation irregularities (Rois et al. 2012).
In this preliminary study, we hypothesised different
H3Ser10ph patterns in diploid L. ovalifolium, triploid L.
algarvense and tetraploid L. multiflorum during meiosis. Through cytogenetic approaches diploid species
showed no signs of unpaired chromosomes while inpolyploids both chromosome paired and unpaired
regions were detected. H3Ser10ph immunodetection
revealed a variable number of nucleoli with H3Ser10ph
signals at pre-meiotic interphase cells in all species.
At prophase I in diplotene and diakinesis, and duringmetaphase and anaphase I the H3Ser10ph labelling was mostly visualized in chromosome pericentromeric regions in all species. Polyploid species had
univalent chromosomes and micronuclei without any
H3Ser10ph marks. In these species, nonreduced nuclei
via meiotic restitution presented H3Ser10ph signals in
nucleoli as found in pre-meiotic interphase cells. Our
preliminary findings highlight the presence of different
H3Ser10ph patterns during meiosis I in Limonium species with different ploidies.
References: Houben, et al. (2007), Phosphorylationof histone H3 in plants—a dynamic affair, BBA-Gene
Structure and Expression,1769: 5-6; Róis et al., (2012),
Male fertility versus sterility, cytotype, and DNA quantitative variation in seed production in diploid and tetraploid sea lavenders (Limonium sp., Plumbaginaceae)
reveal diversity in reproduction modes, Sexual Plant
Reproduction, 25:305-318.

P.1429 Preliminary analysis
of macrofungi in forest
ecosystems of the centralwestern Iberian Peninsula:considerations on fungal
diversity

fects of climate change and, possibly, some factors that could mitigate it. In this case, the study ofmacrofungi and their temporal fructification over
several years is proposed, in order to increase theknowledge of their ecosystemic roles. This study
was carried out in two very fragmented forest plots
in central-western Spain, 19 kilometres apart. The
first is located in Monte de La Orbada (41°08’03.9 “N
5°28’58.8 “W), it has 7.5 hectares and is dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) accompanied by a diverse undergrowth with more
helophilous species (Cistus spp., Thymus spp.) andothers of shadier environments and deeper soils(Rosa canina L., Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). The
second, which occupies the entire Monte de Villoria (40°59’50.9 “N 5°20’32.0 “W), has 23.59 hectareswith 3 subplots dominated respectively by holm oak,Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and corkoak (Quercus suber L.), and a shrubland of browneyed rockrose (Cistus ladanifer L.). Sampling was
carried out between October 2020 and September
2023, with line transects and a biweekly frequency.
Sporocarps were identified through macro and microscopic characters. Alpha diversity was higher inthe second plot (216/172 species), and beta diversity(Sørensen’s index) between the two was 0.45. Fruiting was recorded in most of the weeks sampled,
including summer weeks, with the appearance of
taxa exclusive to this season, such as Boletus (=Imperator) rhodopurpureus Smotl. and Suillellus luridus(Schaeff.) Murrill. This underlines how important it is
to conduct fruiting studies throughout the year andnot only at times of peak sporocarp production

P.1430 Contributions to themacrofungal diversity of
Benavides de Órbigo (León,
NW Iberian Peninsula)David Marcos Vidal1, Abel Fernández Ruiz1,
David Rodríguez de la Cruz1

Abel Fernández Ruiz1, Prudencio García
Jiménez1, David Marcos Vidal1, José
Sánchez Sánchez1, David Rodríguez de la
Cruz1

1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
A knowledge of the diversity of organisms and theirfunctioning in Mediterranean forest environments
could play a relevant role in understanding the ef-

The study of mycocoenosis emerges as a necessaryline of research to address the traditional absenceof fungi in Conservation Biology, both in applied andacademic contexts. Among possible approaches,
the search for macrofungi fruiting bodies provides
insights not only into species presence, but also into
fruiting dynamics and the relationship of fungal taxa
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ents a preliminary catalog of macromycetes in thelocality of Benavides de Órbigo (León), along withinformation regarding their fruiting throughout theyear. Three distinct Mediterranean forest zones wereselected based on vegetation: 1) Spanish oak forest(Quercus pyrenaica Willd.), 2) wooded pasture withspanish oak and holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota), as well as abundant shrubs (Cytisus spp.), and3) holm oak forest with abundant rockrose (Cistus
laurifolius L.). Specimen sampling was conducted via
biweekly linear transects, considering the presence of
viable fruiting bodies. Classic mycology techniques(observation of fresh specimens and in situ photography, microscopy, and the use of mycological reagents) were employed for taxon determination. The
highest fungal species diversity was observed in zone
1 (spanish oak forest). Conversely, Beta diversity analysis reveals greater similarity between zones 2 and 3,
both containing holm oaks. A preliminary assessmentof zone disturbance status was conducted by taking
into account the proportions of the three main macrofungi trophic groups: mycorrhizal, saprobic and parasitic. Zone 2 exhibits a higher percentage of saprobic
species compared to other zones, likely corresponding
to greater organic residue abundance resulting fromlivestock activity.

tain whether these lichens and their symbionts possess adaptive capabilities or experience physiological degradation. Such deterioration may manifest as
bleaching, disrupting lichen symbiosis similar to corals,
potentially leading to widespread ecosystem collapse.
The results indicate that lichens subjected to warming
physiologically and morphologically deteriorated anddid not acclimatise after experiencing warmer conditions. These findings hold significance within the context of the imminent threat posed by climate warmingin the Arctic, as well as the potential impact on the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by lichens.

P.1432 Chemical profileand bioactivities ofextracts from Antarctic
lichens of the genus
Cladonia (Cladoniaceae,
Ascomycota)
Alfredo Torres-Benítez1,2,*, José Erick
Ortega-Valencia3, Jaqueline S. LeyMartínez3, Marta Sanchez4, María Pilar
Goméz-Serranillos4, Mario J. Simirgiotis1

P.1431 Bleaching as a stressresponse to experimental
warming in Arctic lichens

1 Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile,*aljotobe19@hotmail.com. 2 Universidad del Tolima,
Ibagué, Colombia. 3 Instituto Tecnológico de Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México. 4 Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Jiri Subrt1, Claudia Colesie1, Kevin
Newsham2, Mariana García-Criado1
1 University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2 British
Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK.
Lichens in the Arctic are recognized as extremophiles.
However, they also serve as sensitive climatic indicators. Studies have indicated a decline in Arctic lichen
abundance due to climate warming and an increasein other plant functional groups. However, most observational studies lack a mechanistic understanding of
lichen decline. Moreover, despite their prominent roles
in Arctic ecosystems, the extent to which lichens canacclimatise to changing climates over the long term
remains poorly understood. Our research focused oninvestigating the physiological and morphological responses of lichens subjected to one decade of experimental warming using the open-top chamber experiment in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. This investigation aims
to enhance our understanding of the carbon balanceof polar lichens under warming conditions and ascer-

Lichens constitute a mutualistic symbiosis between amycobiont and photobiont associated with a microbiome and present a high chemical richness with pharmacological interest. They are distributed throughout
the world and in the Antarctic continent there is a great
diversity of species among which those belonging to
the genus Cladonia stand out. This work aims to determine the chemical composition of the ethanolic extractof Cladonia chlorophaea and C. gracilis species, theirdigestive enzyme inhibition activity (α-glucosidase andpancreatic lipase), and cytoprotection against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Nineteen metabolites wereidentified in each of the Cladonia species by liquid
chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-offlight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), andcitric acid, cryptostic acid derivate, constictictic acid/siphulellic acid and usnic acid were highlighted as major compounds. In the α-glucosidase assay, the extractsof C. gracilis and C. chlorophaea obtained an IC50 of
91.323 ± P.10 and 108.590 ± P.06 μg/mL, respectively, andin the pancreatic lipase assay, the extract of C. gracilis

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showed an IC50 of 345.1355 ± P.0 μg/mL and that of C.
chlorophaea an IC50 125.310 ± P.49 μg/mL. Both extracts
showed high viability in the SH-SY5Y cell line; subsequently, the protective effect against H2O2 with C. gracilis was 98.7%, 104.7% and 90.2% at concentrations of 5.0,
10 and 25 μg/mL, respectively, and for C. chlorophaea it
was 100% and 88% at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.7 μg/
mL, respectively; likewise, treatments with the extracts
significantly reduced the production of reactive oxy-

gen species versus cell treatment with H2O2.This study
contributes to the knowledge of compounds present
in Antarctic lichen species and the opportunity to continue with the validation of biological activities related
to treatment mechanisms in metabolic syndrome andneurodegenerative diseases.
Acknowledgments: Funding: INACH RT 16-17; 10EACCV-015.

S.160. THE IMPACT GENOME SIZE AND
CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION ON THE
ARCHITECTURE OF THE GENOME
P.1433 Deciphering theevolutionary trajectory of theancestral fagales karyotype
and syntenic regions
Yu Cao1,2,3, Heng-Chi Chen2,3, Da-Yong
Zhang1*, Zhen Li2,3, Yves Van de Peer2,3,4,5
1 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process andResource Ecology and Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and EcologicalEngineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. 2 Department of Plant
Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 3 VIB – Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium. 4 Center for Microbial
Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 5 College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Fagales, a diverse and ecologically dominant plantgroup primarily inhabiting temperate areas of theNorthern Hemisphere, exhibit a mosaic of genome dynamics characterized by fractionation after whole-genome duplication, gene family expansion and contraction, and chromosomal rearrangements. While
the overarching genome architecture within the Fagales order remains conserved, our understanding isevolving to recognize the variability in rearrangement
rates among different families. Through the computational reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes andsyntenic relationships across 32 nodes spanning the
Fagales phylogeny, we unveil a landscape of macro-synteny marked by conservation, with Betulaceae exhibiting pronounced chromosomal rearrange-ments. Our analysis suggests an ancestral Fagales
karyotype consisting of seven chromosomes, boasting 98% BUSCO completeness. Furthermore, we identify 91 rearrangement breakpoints distributed over 62
branches, indicative of an average rate of 0.95 breakpoints per million years. Additionally, our investigation
explores the interplay between genomic features,such as transposable elements and gene density, andgene functions within regions prone to chromosomal rearrangement, as well as the regions exhibiting
the most conserved syntenic adjacency. Our findings
offer a comprehensive ancestral genome blueprint
for the Fagales order, addressing the nuances of genome assembly and annotation quality essential forrobust comparative genomic analyses. This resource
enhances our understanding of Fagales genome evolution and provides insights into broader questions ofplant genomic architecture and its implications for
speciation and adaptation.

P.1434 Genome-wide
expansion and reorganization
during grass evolution: from30 Mb chromosomes in riceand Brachypodium to 550 Mb
in Aven728

Qing Liu1, Trude Schwarzacher1,2, Pat
Heslop-Harrison1,2
1 South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China.
2 University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.

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Diploid genome sizes in the BOP (Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae, and Pooideae) clade of grasses (Poaceae)
range from rice, Oryza sativa (2n=24; genome size 389Mb) and Brachypodium, Brachypodium distachyon(2n=10; 271 Mb) to Triticeae and Aveneae species (2x=14)
of about 4,000 Mbp. Focusing on comparisons between
rice or Brachypodium, with ancestral-like karyotypes,
and new Avena chromosome-scale genome sequence assemblies, we show the nature of genomic
expansion, structural variation, and chromosomal rearrangements. Most of the Avena chromosome arms
show relatively uniform expansion over the 10-fold to
15-fold genome-size increase. Apart from non-coding
sequence diversification and accumulation around thecentromeres, blocks of genes are not interspersed withblocks of repeats, even in subterminal regions. In both
Aveneae and Triticeae tribes, blocks of conserved synteny are seen between the analyzed species with chromosome fusion, fission, and nesting (insertion) events
showing deep evolutionary conservation of chromosome structure during genomic expansion. In Aveneae,
contrasting with Triticeae, terminal gene-rich chromosomal segments (representing typically 50 Mb of the
400 Mb chromosomes) show translocations between
chromosomes during speciation, with homogenizationof genome-specific repetitive elements. Newly formedintergenomic translocations of similar extent are foundin the hexaploid A. sativa. The study provides insight
into evolutionary mechanisms and speciation in the
BOP clade, which is valuable for measurement of biodiversity, development of a clade-wide pangenome, andexploitation of genomic diversity through breeding programs in Poaceae. Further information and references
are given at www.molcyt.com .

Japan. 5 Graduate School of Science, University ofTokyo, Bunkyo, Japan.
Whole-mount fluorescence in situ hybridization (WMFISH) is a valuable tool for examining chromosome
behavior in tissues or organs. It is difficult, however, toobtain a precise spatial profile of fluorescent signals inroots using conventional WM-FISH, because damages
occur in cells during processing. To address this issue,
we developed a WM-FISH analysis for intact Arabidopsis thaliana roots and successfully obtained the precise spatial depiction of nuclear size and centromere
signals. We then assessed the degree of chromosome
polytenization in the root cortical cells of the Arabidopsis autopolyploid series (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid,and octoploid) using our novel WM-FISH method. The
WM-FISH analysis revealed that the degree of chromosome polytenization was similar in all autopolyploidstrains in the cell proliferation zone. In contrast, chromosomes in high-polyploids (hexaploid and octoploid)
exhibited more polytenization than those in the diploidand tetraploid in the volume growth zone. Combinedwith the results of kinematic analysis for root growth,
this study suggests that severe chromosome polytenization in the cell volume growth zone is associated withsignificant suppression of the increase in cell volume inhigh-polyploids. Our WM-FISH analysis provided valuable insights into the chromosome behavior in intact
roots of autopolyploids. We will also apply this WM-FISH
analysis to the spatial profiles of the chromosome behavior in the leaf cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, which includes two different type cells, pavement and palisade
mesophyll cells. The analysis will elucidate the variationof the chromosome dynamics in Arabidopsis leaves related to endoreduplication.

P.1435 Whole-mountfluorescence in situ
hybridization for organ-level3D analysis of chromosome
dynamics in plants

P.1436 Genome downsizing
in fern genus Sceptridium(Ophioglossaceae)

Suzuka Kikuchi1, Takuya Sakamoto2,3,
Sachihiro Matsunaga4, Munetaka
Sugiyama5, Takumi Higaki1, Akitoshi
Iwamoto2

1 Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. 2 University
and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA. 3 Department of Botany, National
Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan. 4
Department of Biology, Graduate School of Scienceand Engineering, Chiba University, Japan.

1 Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. 2 Faculty of
Science, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan. 3
Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan. 4 Graduate Schoolof Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa,

Li-Yaung Kuo1, Susan Fawcett2, Atsushi
Ebihara3, Sosuke Ishii4

Flowering plants are characterized by rapid genome
downsizing after polyploidization. By contrast, ferns,
the most polyploidy-prone plant lineage, predominantly show no obvious downsizing in polyploid ge-729

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nomes, which maintain a highly conserved chromosome structure. Sceptridium in Ophioglossaceae is
exceptional among ferns. Using flow cytometry, we
conducted a comprehensive genome size survey inthis fern genus, and successfully acquired C-value
data from 19 of the 25 species. Compared to the diploids, polyploids have significantly lower monoploid
genome sizes (i.e. 1Cx-value), which are only 75-83%
the size of diploids. Using a phylogenetic framework, we further demonstrated evolutionary trendsof average DNA content per chromosome acrossthe diploid and polyploid taxa. With this unique ferncase, we also highlight Sceptridium ferns as an excellent exemplar to study whether similar evolutionary mechanisms are involved behind independent
genome downsizing in other plant lineages.

P.1437 Plastid DNA is a major
source of nuclear genome
complexity and of RNA
genes in the orphan crop
moringaJuan Pablo Marczuk-Rojas1,2, Antonio
Salmerón3, Alfredo Alcayde4, Viktor
Isanbaev4, Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet1,2
1 Department of Biology and Geology, Universityof Almería, Almería, Spain. 2 “Pabellón de Historia
Natural-Centro de Investigación de Colecciones
Científicas de la Universidad de Almería”, Universityof Almería, Almería, Spain. 3 Department of Mathematics and Center for the Development and Transfer of Mathematical Research to Industry, Universityof Almería, Almería, Spain. 4 Department of Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
Unlike Transposable Elements (TEs) and gene/genome duplication, the role of the so-called nuclear
plastid DNA sequences (NUPTs) in shaping the evolution of genome architecture and function remains
poorly studied. We investigate here the functionaland evolutionary fate of NUPTs in the genome of theorphan crop Moringa oleifera (moringa) (Chang etal. 2022), featured by the highest fraction of plastid DNA found so far in any plant genome (Ojeda-López et al. 2020, Marczuk-Rojas et al. 2024), focusing on i) any potential biases in their distribution
in relation to specific nuclear genomic features, ii)
their contribution to the emergence of new genes
and gene regions, and iii) their impact on the expression of target nuclear genes. In agreement with
their potential mutagenic effect, NUPTs are under-

represented among structural genes, although theiroverall transcription levels and broadness were only
lower when involved exonic regions; the occurrenceof plastid DNA generally did not result in a broader
expression, except among those affected in introns
by older NUPTs. In contrast, we found a strong enrichment of NUPTs among specific superfamilies ofretrotransposons and several classes of RNA genes,
including those participating in the protein biosynthetic machinery (i.e., rRNA and tRNA genes) and a
specific class of regulatory RNAs. A significant fraction of NUPT RNA genes was found to be functionallyexpressed, thus potentially contributing to the nuclear pool. Our results complete our view of the molecular factors driving the evolution of nuclear genome
architecture and function, and support plastid DNA
in moringa as a major source of i) genome complexity and ii) the nuclear pool of RNA genes. References: Chang, J...Carretero-Paulet, L. Plant Genome
15 (2022); Ojeda-López, J... Carretero-Paulet, L. Sci
Rep 10 (2020); Marczuk-Rojas, JP... Carretero-Paulet,
L. BMC Genomics 25, 60 (2024).

P.1438 Kinematic analysis of
the effects of haploidization
on root growth inArabidopsis thaliana
Takafumi Miyashita1, Ruka Nakajima1,
Suzuka Kikuchi2, Akitoshi Iwamoto1
1 Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan. 2 Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Genome polyploidization affects the plant growth invarious aspects. We have analyzed the root growthof the autopolyploid series of Arabidopsis thaliana(diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, and octaploid). The kinematic analysis at the cellular level revealed that
tetraploidization promotes cell volume growth but
suppresses cell proliferation. On the other hand, polyploidization to high-polyploids (hexaploids and octoploids) suppresses not only cell proliferation but also
cell volume growth. In the haploids of Arabidopsis
thaliana, we confirmed that the root growth is suppressed compared with that in the diploids, but it is yet
unclear how haploidization affects cell volume growthand cell proliferation in the root growth. In this study, we
analyzed the root growth of the haploids and diploidsof Arabidopsis thaliana using the kinematic method.
At first, we measured the elongation rate of the haploids and found it was constant at 10 DAS. Then we performed the kinematic analysis on the root growth of730

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the haploids at 10 DAS. The analysis revealed that the
haploidization suppresses the volume growth rate in
the whole root. The spatial profile of the relative elementary growth rate showed that the volume growthzone in the haploids was also smaller than that in the
diploids. The haploidization promoted the cell proliferation to the contrary. The local cell production rate of
the haploids exceeded that of the diploids in the cellproliferation zone. These results suggest that genome
haploidization may decrease the gene expression related to cell volume but increase the efficiency of genome replication and in turn cell proliferation.

P.1439 On the introduction
history and plant ecologyof the alien Salpichroa
origanifolia in Tuscany (Italy)
Viola Alessandrini1, Iduna Arduini1
1 Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Invasive alien species are a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. The invasion of Salpichroa origanifolia(Lam.) Baillon (Solanaceae), an herbaceous climber
native to South America, is recently rising concern
in several Mediterranean countries. In North America, Australia, Japan and New Zealand, where it has
a longer history of introduction, it is already a threat

to critical habitats and native species. We, therefore,
recommend listing it as an invasive alien species of
EU concern and include it in the EPPO list. In Tuscany (central Italy), S. origanifolia has successfully colonised a mesophile forest (San Rossore Regional
Park), showing to be a strong competitor towards theresident understorey vegetation, which also led to theprogressive depletion of the soil seed bank (Arduini &Alessandrini, 2024). Although its first record in the Regional Park is from 1996, it is only in recent years that
this species has massively spread. Giving insight into
the spatio-temporal stages of alien invasion (transport, colonization, establishment, and spread) is important for planning targeted and effective conservation measures. Furthermore, explaining the arrivaland spread of S. origanifolia within the Regional Park
provides information to reduce the risk of introducing
potential IAS. First aim of this research was to trace thehistory of introduction of S. origanifolia in Tuscany, andthe invasion routes within the Regional Park. Moreover,
we studied which environmental factors, primarily illumination and soil moisture, may have favoured theestablishment at the current invasion spots, and theecology (reproductive biology, functional traits) of thisspecies in the introduced area. The invader S. origanifolia proved to adapt well to different light conditions,due to its ability to allocate resources differently between leaves and rhizomes. References: 1. Arduini, I.;
Alessandrini, V. The novel invader Salpichroa origanifolia modifies the soil seed bank of a Mediterranean
mesophile forest. Plants 2024, 13, 226.

S.161. BIOTIC INTERACTIONS AND BIOLOGICALINVASIONS.
P.1440 Recent advancesin the understandingof Paraphysoderma
sedebokerense and theinfection to their valuable
microalgal hosts

The blastocladialean fungus Paraphysoderma
sedebokerense is a facultative parasite that cancomplete the infection cycle as fast as 16 hours; it
can also grow as saprobe. From its initial isolationin 2008, the resistance cysts were reported and described, and we recently showed empirically theability of P. sedebokerense to resist dehydration
and recover both, viability and infectivity, after resting cyst germination. P. sedebokerense gained attention because of his ability to infect economicallyimportant microalgae causing fast culture collapse
and economical losses. We described the high preference to infect Haematococcus lacustris even in
the presence of other suitable hosts like Chromochloris zofingiensis or Scenedesmus dimorphus.
Since P. sedebokerense can use inorganic nitrogen

David Alors1,2, Karel Mena2, Sammy
Boussiba1, Aliza Zarka1
1 Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, University of
Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. 2 Departmentof Biology and Chemistry, Catholic University of
Temuco, Temuco, Chile.

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sources the glutamine synthetase (Glns) is a target
for pest control to avoid the infection of H. lacustris. By modelling the 3-D structure of H. lacustrisdecameric Glns isoforms (Glns2a and Glns2b) andthe structure of P. sedebokerense hexameric Glns
(Glns3), we studied the docking of the herbicide glufosinate to better explain the experimental results
previously obtained. We studied the interaction of
the amino acids of the active site of the different
isoforms of the Glns. Our findings provide a directionof the next experimental research and saving timewith the aim of control the infection of H. lacustrisby P. sedebokerense. References: Alors, D., Boussiba
S. and Zarka A. Paraphysoderma sedebokerense Infection in Three Economically Valuable Microalgae:
Host Preference Correlates with Parasite Fitness. J.
Fungi 2021, 7, 100; Alors, D.; et al. Paraphysoderma
sedebokerense GlnS III Is Essential for the Infectionof Its Host Haematococcus lacustris. J. Fungi 2022,
8, 561; Alors, D., Boussiba S. and Zarka A. Drought Resistant Resting Cysts of Paraphysoderma sedebokerense Preserves the Species Viability and Its Virulence. Plants 2023, 12, 3230.

P.1441 Septoria lycopersici
leaf damages: is ita problem of xylem
dysfunction or impairmentof the outside-xylem water
pathway?

water pathway in leaves at different stage of infection with the aim of identifying the primary mechanism leading to leaf damages and dehydration.
Data of KL, Kx and Kox were correlated with gas exchange, photosynthesis efficiency and several leaf
indexes. SLS caused severe leaf xylem blockage and,thus, decreased Kx. The loss of about 50% of Kx led toan impairment of the light-driven KL enhancement
and a relevant stomatal closure, resulting in reduced
carbon gain. Moreover, likely because of the low water supply caused by Kx dysfunction, severe damage
occurred to the photosynthetic machinery. The roleof dysfunction of leaf xylem and outside-xylem water pathway caused by SLS in driving leaf hydraulicimpairment, dehydration and death is discussed.
Acknowledgments: Funded by the European
Union-NextGenerationEU(SAMOTHRACE-PNRR- Missione 4, Componente 2, Investimento 1.5-ECS00000022). The views and opinions expressed
are those of the authors only and do not necessarilyreflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor theEuropean Commission can be held responsible forthem.

P.1442 Understanding
multigenerational
responses of native plants
to the allelochemicals of
aggressive invader, Alliaria
petiolata

Douaa Bekkai1, MariaT. Chiofalo1, Daniele
Torre1, Stefano Mileto1, Giuseppa
Genovese1, Patrizia Trifilò1

Megan A. Brown1,2, Andrea L. Case1,2

1 Department of CHIBIOFARAM, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Septoria leaf spot (SLS), caused by Septoria lycopersici Speg, is one of the most common and devastating leaf diseases of tomato. SLS impacts photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration, leading
to affect defense responses, defoliation and severe
tomato yield losses. To the best of our knowledge, todate, no study has been carried out to disentangle
the impact of this fungal infection on the leaf hydraulics, despite the tight relationship between leaf
water transport efficiency and plant productivity.
The aim of the present work is to measure changes
in leaf water transport efficiency (leaf hydraulic conductance, KL) during the SLS spread. Specifically, wemeasured the xylem (Kx) and the extra-xylem (Kox)

1 Kent State University, Kent, USA. 2 Michigan State
University, East Lansing, USA.
Decades of ecological research have identified a variety of mechanisms that may facilitate the recruitment,
establishment, and success of invasive species. Allelopathy—the excretion of chemical compounds that
affect the fitness and/or competitive ability of neighboring plants—is a process associated with somesuccessful invaders. However, little is known about
the effect of invasive allelopathic compounds acrossmultiple generations of native plants. Because the parental environment can affect the phenotype of offspring, multigenerational and factorial experiments
may provide insights into the temporal dynamics ofinteractions between native and invasive plant species. We are investigating the interactions between theannual plant Erythranthe nasuta (snout nosed mon-732

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keyflower; syn. Mimulus nasutus, Phrymaceae) and a
North American allelopathic invasive species, Alliaria
petiolata (garlic mustard, Brassicaceae). Fitness-related traits have been measured for two generationsof monkeyflower plants grown in the presence or absence of garlic mustard allelochemicals (i.e., wholeroot exudates and isolated sinigrin). Replicates in thefirst generation of Erythranthe were exposed to water,
garlic mustard root exudates, or sinigrin. The offspringof these plants were either exposed to the parental
treatment or used as controls. We predict exposure to
garlic mustard allelochemicals will negatively affectfitness in native plants, with exposed individuals having less flower production and reproductive biomass(i.e., combined fruit and seed weight) compared tocontrols. We also predict that successive Erythranthe
generations exposed to garlic mustard allelochemicals will have increased fitness if their parent was
exposed to garlic mustard (i.e., adaptive phenotypic plasticity), compared to offspring of control plants.
Preliminary data analysis for the first generation ofErythranthe indicates that flower production was influenced by treatment; however, reproductive biomass
varied by genotype. Further investigation utilizing moregenotypes and generations of Erythranthe is ongoing
and will help elucidate to what extent garlic mustard
allelochemicals affect fitness-related traits within andbetween generations.

P.1443 Genomic evidence of
the introduction source andexpansion of a transformer
weed, Passiflora foetida s.l.,in Australia

Australia and ddRAD to identify diversity in the introduced range. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast
genome data identified three separate genetic
lineages of P. foetida present in Australia, indicating multiple introductions. These introductions had
affinities to samples from Ecuador, Brazil and the
Caribbean that represent phylogenetically distinct
lineages. These results provide a basis for a moretargeted search of the native range of P. foetida forcandidate biological control agents that have coevolved with this species and are thus better adapted to the lineages present in Australia. Results also
indicated that P. foetida and other introduced Passiflora species cultivated in Australia are in a sperate clade to the Passiflora species native to Australia. Analysis of samples from across the introduced
range in northern Australia show predominance of
one introduced lineage and generally very low genetic diversity within populations, except for a few
populations where there is evidence for some crossing between lineages. This knowledge is important
for targeting management, including any future deployment of biological control agents.

P.1444 Areca triandra,
an introduced palm iscolonizing small forest
fragments in the biodiverse
rain forests of Sri Lanka
Dilini Wickramasinghe1*, Thilakawansha
Chandrathilake1, Neela de Zoysa2,
Pradeep Rajatewa3
1 Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. 2 Consultant Botanist, Massachusetts,
USA. 3 Environmental Consultants, Education andRehabilitation Organization, Gampaha, Sri Lanka.

Margaret Byrne , Tara Hopley , Bruce
Webber2, S. Raghu3, Louise Morin4
1

1

1 Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Australia. 2 CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Perth, Australia. 3 CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Australia. 4 CSIRO Health andBiosecurity, Canberra, Australia.
Genomic analysis is a valuable tool for management of non-native invasive species, through determining source and number of introductions as wellas levels of genetic diversity. Passiflora foetida sensu
lato is native to central and south America with acurrent pan-tropical distribution. In northern Australia it is a transformer weed threatening tropical environments. We used whole chloroplast sequencing
to investigate the introduction history of P. foetida in

Areca triandra Roxb. Ex Buch-Ham, an ornamental
palm introduced to Sri Lanka in 1867, is now naturalized
and spreading aggressively in the humid south western
Sri Lanka. An island-wide survey showed that this palm
is well-established in gardens, vacant areas and forest
edges in this part of the country, which is a “biodiversity hotspot” with high endemicity and loss of habitat. A
population and reproductive biology study of this palm
was carried out in Meethirigala and Yagirala Forest
Reserves, in disturbed areas of varying topographicalconditions, with heavy colonization, using total of six 20
m × 20 m plots, where stems above 1 m in height wereenumerated, and twenty-four 1 m × 1 m plots for sam-733

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pling ground layer below 1 m in height. A. triandra accounted for 57% of mature individuals, 61 % of averagecrown cover and 69% of seedlings in the ground layer.
Vegetative reproduction was high with 66% of individuals occurring in clumps with multiple stems. Sexual
reproduction was exceptionally high with prolific production of fruits (140-250 per infructescence, averageof 250 - 440 fruits per clump). The fruits with bright red
fleshy pericarp attracted a variety of frugivores that
aided seed dispersal. Vegetation analysis also indicated that A. triandra is displacing native understory species, and suppressing canopy species, some of which
are on the National Red List.An evaluation through an
Invasiveness assessment protocol concluded that A.
triandra poses a moderate risk in the wet zone, where
80% of forest cover is in fragments smaller than 500
ha. This study highlights a typical trajectory of an introduced ornamental species that has become invasiveover a period of a century due to land use changes andurbanization. It shows the importance of safeguarding
biodiverse ecosystems from potentially invasive species through early detection.

P.1445 Floristic andphytosociologicalcomposition of weeds
present in a wooded
paddock of the
Mesopotamian grasslands
ecoregion Misiones

out in San Ignacio, Misiones, where different data werecollected comparing two areas according to topography, high and low. The methodology to raise weeds was
through isolated squares, for the grassland through aframe, for the soil through the cylinders and the forest
component through the determination of the dasometric variables. The weeds identified with the greatest
ecological weight were: Chromolaena ivifolia, Bulbostylis sp., Solanum viarum and Sida rhombifolia. The mostimportant forest species were: Acrocomia aculeata
and Patagonula americana. Through the correlation
analysis between all the components, it was deduced
that the spontaneous growth of forest species in thewooded pasture increases the potential of the pasture,affirming the existence of a positive correlation.

P.1446 Growth kinetics ofan invasive wild cucumber(Echinocystis lobata) andtheir potential implications
for ecosystem biodiversity
Alicja Dołkin-Lewko1, UrszulaZajączkowska1
1 Department of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest
Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

Maura Isabel Díaz Lezcano1, Esteban
Israel Moreira Rivas1, Humberto Jorge
Sarubbie Orué1, Pedro Anibal Vera Ojeda1,
Fanni Petrona Ruiz Samudio1
1 Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Facultad deCiencias Agrarias, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
To infer the impact of management systems on the
dynamics of growth and occupation of communities
infesting weeds in agroecosystems, the applicabilityof phytosociological indices is important. The generalobjective of the work was to evaluate the floristic andphytosociological composition of weed species andforest species existing in a pasture of the Mesopotamian grasslands ecoregion, in addition to determining
the forest and herbaceous biomass of the grassland,characterizing the animal component of the pastureand finally assess the amount of total carbon sequestered in the entire paddock. The experiment was carried

In recent years, the surge in invasive alien species
has substantially threatened native biodiversity, disrupting ecological processes and habitat structures.
Notably, the wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
has an alarming increase in its occurrence acrossEuropean countries. This study delves into the kinetics of the growth of wild cucumber, employing
innovative methodologies to understand their ecological impact better. Utilizing the time-lapse movie method, we assessed growth parameters undervarying support densities (5, 20, or 50 cm step size).
Simultaneously, comprehensive analyses of the biometric features of the shoots were conducted. Ourfindings underscore the rapid growth of wild cucumbers, with growth rates contingent upon the densityof available support. At the initial growth stage, nutation movements and stem elongation exhibited
lower intensity than in mature plants, suggesting
distinct growth phases. This research advances ourunderstanding of invasive plant behavior and introduces innovative methodologies to plant science,
offering nuanced insights into growth dynamics. The
study’s significance lies in its potential to inform tar-734

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geted management strategies. Recommendations
for further research include an in-depth explorationof the climbing mechanisms of wild cucumber andextending studies to examine their growth on natural supports, such as herbaceous plants and trees.
These insights hold promise for developing holistic
strategies to curb the expansion of invasive species,
safeguarding native ecosystems.
Acknowledgments: This research was funded by
the National Science Centre, Poland (project no.
2022/45/N/NZ9/02690, “Kinetics and biomechanicsof the invasive vine (Echinocystis lobata) as the basis
for the development of effective methods of control”).

P.1447 Ecological risks of
Humulus scandens invasion:a study on potential
displacement of Humulus
lupulus in Romania
Mioara Dumitraşcu , Alina GeorgianaCîşlariu1, Anca Sârbu1, Daniela Clara
Mihai1,2
1

1 Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Bucharest,
Romania. 2 Faculty of Horticulture, University ofAgronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Invasive plant species often possess competitive
advantages over native counterparts, even within
the same genus, leading to resource competitionand displacement or replacement of native flora.
Our research aims to investigate the potential of thealien invasive plant species Humulus scandens tooutcompete the native species H. lupulus, in Romania. Humulus scandens, originating from East Asia,
was introduced to Europe in 1886 as an ornamental plant and is currently listed as an invasive alien
species of EU concern. The first mention of this species in Romania dates back to 1943. Both species
are dioecious, herbaceous, climbing plants. While H.
lupulus is a perennial species, H. scandens is annual. H. scandens thrives in shady and humid environments of riverside, exhibiting adaptability to diverse
soil textures. Its competition abilities, such as deeproot penetration, rapid growth, and dense stand formation, contribute to its invasiveness. H. lupulus prefers temperate regions with a moderate and humid
climate, along rivers, streams, thickets, and roadsides. Our approach involves modeling the poten-

tial distribution of each species, assessing the extent
of range overlap, and investigating their adaptive
abilities through anatomical research of the vegetative body. We modeled the potential distribution of
Humulus scandens and H. lupulus using R softwarewith SSDM package. Environmental variables corresponding to the ecological preferences of eachspecies, including climatic, pedological, anthropogenic factors, and water regime, were considered
for modeling. Structural analyses on the vegetative
body, utilizing cross-sections treated with differential stains, were conducted to study each species’
adaptive traits. Results showed robust predictive
ability for both models (AUC > 0.85). The overlap in
potential distribution between the two species is approximately 21%, with H. lupulus exhibiting a broader distribution in Romania. At a structural level, both
species exhibit characteristics that contribute totheir competitive nature and resilience in varied environmental conditions.

P.1448 Rotenoids from
Clitoria fairchildiana
R.A.Howard in nanoparticle
formulation for control ofAedes aegypti
Maria Aparecida Aride Bertonceli1, Ivo
José Curcino Vieira1, Francisco José Alves
Lemos1, Letícia Oliveira da Rocha1, Fábio
Lopes Olivares1, Antônia Elenir Amâncio
Oliveira1, Kátia Valevski Sales Fernandes1
1 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy
Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
Plant biodiversity harbors treasures that can provide
technological advancements in several areas. Phytochemicals are among these riches and constitute
80% of the known 3P.00 natural compounds describedso far. The Leguminosae family encompasses crucial
species in the Brazilian flora, with significance in foodsupply, pharmacology, and a high potential for isolating insecticidal compounds. This family stands out
as the most important among woody plants, particularly in Amazonian ecosystems. Therefore, the focal
species of our study, Clitoria fairchildiana, commonly
known as “sombreiro,” is a legume native to the Amazon whose seeds are refractory to insect predation. A
prior study by our group identified two rotenoids from
C. fairchildiana seeds with larvicidal activity against
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Zika, and chikungunya. They caused the inhibition of
V-ATPase, oxidative stress, and morphological alterations in the larvae. The literature already mentions
nanosystems-based botanical insecticides, with thepotential to generate lower environmental impacts
and better maintenance of compound stability, compared to traditional formulations. In the present work,
we encapsulated the rotenoids in nanoparticles andcompared their efficacy as an Aedes aegypti insecticide with the free rotenoids. The use of chitosan as a
coating material in the production of nanocomposites
was successful, resulting in uniform nanoparticles. Bioassays indicated that the nanocomposites increased
the efficacy of the rotenoids, dropping the LC50 from
120 to 90 PPM. Morphological analysis of the larvae
suggests that the nanocomposites caused damage
to the peritrophic matrix, triggering a cellular immune
response, tissue melanization and pseudotumor formation. The results point to the potential of these encapsulated rotenoids from C. fairchildiana seeds as
an efficient tool for Aedes aegypti control, representing a sustainable and effective approach in combating this vector insect.

P.1449 The emerging threatof Campylopus introflexus
in Iberian Ecosystems: An
analysis of its impact onnative moss specieson the growth of three common, native moss species
in the Iberian Peninsula: Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F. Weber & D. Mohr., Hypmnum cupressiforme Hedw. and
Ptychostomum capillare (Hedw.) Holyoak& N.Pedersen.
The experiments were done 1) in vitro, where we analyzed the interaction between shoot tips of C. introflexus
with spores of the three native species, and 2) in mixed
communities growing on seedbeds in a culture chamber, where we tested interactions between adult shoots.
We observed an inhibitory effect, both on the development in vitro of the protonemata of the three native
species analyzed, and on the growth and health statusof the adult shoots of Syntrichia and Ptychostomum.
Our results confirm that C. introflexus has a significant
detrimental effect to the development of these threemoss species, affecting both juvenile and adult phases.
We are extending this experiments to other native moss
species, with diverse ecological affinities, in order to assess the threat level posed by C. introflexus to Mediterranean moss communities.

P.1450 Control of pepper
plant pathogens, in vitro
and in vivo, by a peptide
bioinspired from Capsicum
annuum defensins
Valdirene M. Gomes1, Larissa M. Resende1,
Érica O. Mello1, Anderson Y. S. Fukuji1,
Antônio A. S. Alencar1, Cláudia P. Sudré1,
Gabriel B. Taveira1, André O. Carvalho1,
Rosana Rodrigues1

Gabriela Riestra1, Nagore G. Medina1,2,
Claudia Ortega García1, Belén Estébanez
Pérez1
1 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Centro de Investigación
en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Invasive plants can drastically alter ecosystems, often
leading to reduced biodiversity and disrupted ecological balance by outcompeting native species. Whileinvasive mosses can significantly impact ecosystems
and diversity there are comparatively few recognizedinvasive moss species, and their specific ecological impacts remain largely unexplored. In Spain, no bryophyte
species is officially recognized as invasive. However,
the moss Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid., a moss
identified as invasive in several European countries, is
not only present in the Iberian Peninsula but also showing an increasing prevalence. In this study, we evaluate
experimentally the impact of Campylopus introflexus

1 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy
Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
Phytopathogens, notably bacteria and fungi, play asignificant role in food production losses. For example, plants of the Capsicum genus can suffer up to
30% loss in production and postharvest due to phytopathogens. Given this scenario, research that seeksalternatives to mitigate such losses is essential for
guaranteeing well-being and food security. Plant antimicrobial peptides (Plant AMPs) have emerged as
molecules of interest, due to their antimicrobial activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effectsof the synthetic peptide CaDef2.1G27-K44, bioinspired
from C. annuum plant natural defensin, against Colletotrichum scovillei and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria
and explored its action mechanism. The minimum
bactericidal concentration against X. euvesicatoria
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inoculum to lose viability was 3 h. CaDef2.1G27-K44
also caused plasma membrane permeabilization.
For the fungus C. scovillei, a concentration of 200 μM/
mL resulted in 63.9% inhibition growth within 24 h, accompanied by morphological changes in the hyphae.
The minimum fungicidal concentration was established at 400 μM/mL, at which point the fungal sporescompletely died within 18 h. The mechanism of action
involves permeabilization of plasma membranes, increase in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidationand impairment of mitochondrial functionality. We
have also inoculated bacteria into Capsicum annuum leaves to evaluate the ability of CaDef2.1G27-K44
to control the development of X. euvesicatoria in vivo.
This assay conducted under greenhouse conditions,used the bacterial inoculation method by infiltration.
Symptoms were assessed through a visual assessment with rating scales, leaf reflectance index andthe capture of thermal images of leaves inoculated
for 8 days. The results revealed a visible reduction ofsymptoms in leaves treated with the synthetic peptide. These findings represent promising insights into
the potential application of CaDef2.1G27-K44, a bioinspired peptide, in controlling plant pathogens in agriculture.

P.1451 Structural responseof Schinus areira leaf to gall
inducer insect Calophya
schini (Hemiptera:
Phylloidea)tion, it is observed that C. schini eggs are deposited ontender shoots, and first-instar nymphs settle at the beginning of leaf deployment, developing their nymphal
stages in parallel with leaf development. Conical galls
are formed on both the adaxial and abaxial parts of
the leaflets, where chlorosis conditions are observedin proximal areas and in the rachis, even showing deviation of the growth axis. Gall density per leaflet is 2.5
per cm2 and average ratio between the affected areaof the proximal part of the gall and the leaf area is 9%.
The leaf responds to the nymph by developing hyperplastic parenchymal tissue on the proximal surface
and atrophy of tissue on the distal surface of the gall.
There is also an increase in the accumulation of tannins. Young tissues are more sensitive to insect stimuli.
The growth patterns of the leaf are disrupted from theearly development stages. Functional differentiationof tissues is affected due to insufficient chlorophyll in
the affected areas. Effective leaf area reduction could
result in a decline in photosynthesis.
Acknowledgements: FONDECYT 1211114.

P.1452 Invasive alien plant
Ageratina adenophorarhizosphere dynamics in theoak and pine-dominatedforests in Central Himalaya,
India
Priya Hansda1, Shailendra Kumar1, Satish
C. Garkoti1

Lidia González-Atabales 1, Paulette I.
Naulin1

1 Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

1 Laboratorio Biología de Plantas, Universidad deChile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Plant organs are susceptible to external stimuli that
result in alterations to the normal patterns of tissue
growth and differentiation. Galls are specific plantstructures induced by parasitic organisms. The leavesof Schinus areira are specific hosts of Calophya schini(Hemiptera: Phylloidea), whose main damage is thedeformation of leaf tissues and, in the long term, premature defoliation of the tree. This research describes
the morphoanatomical foliar response of S. areira to
the induction by C. schini. Leaves and shoots from 12
individuals were collected over a 4-week period during
the budding season. Observations were conducted
through optical microphotography of fresh, permanent, and SEM samples. In the phenology of interac-

Biological invasion has emerged as one of the most
severe environmental and socio-economic problems and has increased drastically over the decades. This study focuses on understanding therhizosphere dynamics of invasive shrub species
Ageratina adenophora in the banj-oak (Quercus
leucotrichophora) and chir-pine (Pinus roxburghii)
forests in the Central Himalayan region of Almora
district, Uttarakhand, India. The rhizosphere soil (RS)samples were collected from two shrub species, i.e.,
Ageratina adenophora (invasive alien shrub) andRubus ellipticus (native medicinal shrub). Soil thatstrictly adhered to the roots was considered RS. Soilphysical and bio-chemical properties namely, soil
moisture (SM), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil available phosphorus (AP), soil total nitrogen (TN), andsoil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were analyzed.

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One-way ANOVA was used to test the significant differences in soil properties between the two foreststhat were dominated by different vegetation andbetween the native and invasive shrub species. Our
results indicated that the RS of Ageratina adenophora had significantly higher (p < P.5) SM, SOC, AP, TN,
and MBC in the banj oak-dominated forest than RS
of Ageratina adenophora in the chir pine-dominated forest. In the Banj oak forest, the RS of Ageratina
adenophora had significantly (p < P.5) higher SOC,
AP, TN, and MBC compared to the RS of native Rubus
ellipticus. However, in the chir pine forest, SOC and
TN did not vary significantly between the RS of thenative and invasive shrubs. Our findings suggested
that in comparison to the chir-pine forest, the banj
oak forest’s microclimatic conditions facilitate thesuccessful invasion of Ageratina adenophora.

P.1453 Biological patterns
in the global invasion of thepampas grass (Cortaderia
selloana)

species, and the extent and potential of biologicalcontrol agents in different continents. By combining
ecological and genetic methods, our study provides
comprehensive insights to understand the mechanisms underlying the biological invasion of Cortaderia selloana at the global scale, which will help
managers to prevent further spread of this globally invasive plant. This study has been supported by
the National Geographic Explorer grants to generate and disseminate biological information on the
problem of global plant invasions.

P.1454 Ecologicalcharacterization of
two dominant plantcommunities within
Bidention tripartitae in
the Ramsar sites of the SE
Central Europe
Vera Stanković 1,*, Nevena Kuzmanović 2,
Eva Kabaš 2, Snežana Vukojičić 2, Dmitar
Lakušić2, Slobodan Jovanović 2,†

Ainhoa Hernández-García1, Adrián
Lázaro-Lobo1, Clara Espinosa del Alba1,
Eduardo Fernández-Pascual1, Víctor
González-García1, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro1

1 Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. 2 University ofBelgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and
Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. *vera.batanjski@gmail.com.

1 Biodiversity Research Institute IMIB (Univ.OviedoCSIC-Princ.Asturias), Mieres, Spain.
Humans have always dispersed plant species beyond their natural ranges but, in the last centuries,
some of these species have adapted so well to novel
environments that they have changed dramaticallythe composition and structure of natural ecosystems. We present a global collaborative project focused on the regenerative patterns of the pampas
grass (Cortaderia selloana, Poaceae), one of themost ecologically impact ful invasive plants globally, causing strong effects on regional ecosystems
and economies. In collaboration with 25 researchers
from five continents, we sampled populations in thenative (South America) and invaded (North America, Europe, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand)
regions to evaluate the environmental requirements
necessary for germination and establishment of thespecies. The global samples will be used to evaluate the genetic differentiation among populations
and to investigate ecological adaptations and past
pathways of introduction. In addition, we investigated the impact of local natural enemies of the

Wetlands are very fragile and endangered worldwide, and they are particularly susceptible to biological invasions. Having this background, we carriedout surveys in the Ramsar sites in SE Central Europe(Southeastern part of the Pannonian Plain) to assess
the presence of herbaceous invasive species in specific habitat types. Phytocenological relevés weremade in the period 2011-2015 on the vegetation oftall-growing, annual wetland herbs (all. Bidention tripartitae Nordhagen ex Klika et Hadač 1944). The matrix for analyzes consisted of 119 relevés and 261 planttaxa. The concept of dominant and diagnostic species was used to define groups and Borhidi’s ecological indices for the ecological characterization of
the studied stands. Two groups of releves were identified in the analyzed stands, informally named after
the dominant species: Alisma plantago-aquatica- Aster lanceolatus and Mentha aquatica - Bidens
frondosa community types. The dominance of neophytes in this alliance in the surveyed Ramsar sites isdue to anthropogenic influences, with Aster lanceolatus Willd. and Bidens frondosa L. being among the738

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most common invasive herbaceous plants recorded. Mentha aquatic-Bidens frondosa community
was recorded in Zasavica and Obedska Bara. It isrepresented with 13 relevés, with the total cover 80100%, and the presence of nine invasive species inthese stands (15.24% of the total number of recorded species). Alisma plantago-aquatica-Aster lanceolatus community was recorded in Ludasko Lake,
Koviljsko-Petrovaradinski Rit, Zasavica and Obedska
bara. It is represented with 31 relevés, the total cover
98%, and the presence of seventeen invasive species in these stands (14.53% of the total number ofrecorded species). Mentha aquatic-Bidens frondosa comm. was positively correlated with the soil
moisture, while Alisma plantago-aquatica-Asterlanceolatus comm. with nutrients.

distribution and pathways. The information on pathways can collectively improve environmental management policies to prevent the spread of invasive
and alien plants in natural environments in Colombia.

P.1456 iCONNECT integrative CONyza NEtwork
for Contemporary Trait
evolution
Rosche C. B.1,2, Lucas M. S.1,2, Nagy D. U.²,
Callaway R.3, Lekberg Y. 3,4, Durka W. 5,1,
van Dam N. 1,6, Barratt C. D.1, Onstein R.
E.1,7, Shah M. A.8, Uthe H. 1,6, Döll S. 1,6, PöschlGrau Y. 1,6, Weinhold A. 1,6, Hensen I. 1,2

P.1455 Invasion pathways in
Colombian highlands

1 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany. 2 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. 3 University of Montana Missoula, USA. 4 MPG Ranch
Missoula, USA. 5 Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ, Germany. 6 Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Germany. 7 University of Leipzig,
Germany. 8 University of Kashmir, India.

David E. Lara1, Magda R. Escobar1, Juan E.
Carvajal1, Juan D. González1.
1 Grupo de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia.
Biological invasions present a significant challenge tonature conservation. Invasive species jeopardise thestability of ecosystems in natural environments andare a major cause of the worldwide extinction of native species. They can also have a negative impact onsocial, cultural, and economic dimensions. Invasive
species are primarily transported by human activities,
whether intentional or accidental, for industrial, food,ornamental, or economic purposes. Although progress has been made in characterising invasion pathways, there are still gaps, particularly in tropical mountain regions. This study identifies the most common
invasive plant species in high altitude ecosystems in
Colombia, as well as their main routes of introduction,
spread and distribution. A systematic search of specialised databases such as the “Catálogo de plantas
y líquenes de Colombia”, COL, JBB, UDBC, Jstor, SIB, GBIF
and Tropicos.org was used to collect and compile information on pathways. Out of the fifty-five invasive
species reported for Colombia, nineteen were foundabove 2,800 m a.s.l. 40% of these species are widely
recognised as highly invasive and have a significant
impact. The most frequent invasive pathways wereornamental, reforestation and unintentional. It is suggested that a combination of airborne dispersal andintentional cultivation for harvest provides the greatest
potential for invasion, taking into account both actual

Rapid evolution is a common occurrence in plant invasions. However, our understanding of rapid evolution is limited because most studies underestimate
among-population variation (APV) within nativeand non-native ranges and/or do not disentangle
how population histories drive APV. Furthermore, integrative frameworks of APV-focused research arelacking but could help identifying molecular mechanisms of rapid evolution. We here present the integrative network iCONNECT. iCONNECT is an open
collaboration of researchers who contribute to thesampling of Conyza canadensis populations acrossthe Northern hemisphere and researchers who investigate APV in their particular research field using
these sampled populations. The first study within
the iCONNECT framework will be a greenhouse experiment in which 120 native and 150 non-native C.
canadensis populations will face a competition ×
drought treatment combination. For the study populations, we collected field data as proxies for population history in terms of plant competitive regime,
drought regime and fungal interactions in the rhizosphere. The samples will be analyzed in a coherent
manner for 1) phenotypic APV (competitive ability
under dry vs. mesic conditions), 2) eco-metabolomic APV (mass spectrometry analyses of root exudates), 3) APV in root-fungal interactions (ampliconsequencing), and 4) population genomics (ddRAD-

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spatio-environmental scales. Moreover, studying
correlations between the investigated APVs may
unravel how belowground mechanisms determine
competitive ability and may identify metabolites
and genomic regions that are associated with competitive ability and root-fungi interactions.

solani or P. infestans. Likewise, infection treatment
on emitters had no significant effect on pathogen
infection levels on receiver plants, suggesting a lackof signalling or pathogen-based specificity in such
effects. Overall, this study builds towards a better
understanding of the ecological consequences ofpathogen specificity in VOC-mediated plant-plantsignalling shaping the outcome of plant-pathogen
multi-species interactions.

P.1457 Test of specificity insignalling between potato
plants in response toinfection by Fusarium solani
and Phytophthora infestans

P.1458 Effects of herbivore
density and damage
pattern on volatileemissions and theirconsequences for plantsignalling in wild cotton

Lucía Martín-Cacheda1, Gregory Röder2, Luis Abdala-Roberts3, Xoaquín Moreira1

Lucía Martín-Cacheda1, Yeyson BrionesMay2, Carlos Bustos-Segura3, Ted C. J.
Turlings3, Víctor Hugo Ramírez-Delgado2,
and Luis Abdala-Roberts2

1 Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra,
Galicia, Spain. 2 Institute of Biology, University of
Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. 3 Universidad
Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Plant-plant signalling via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been widely studied in responseto herbivore attack, but effects of pathogen infection
and its specificity based on pathogen identity andhow these shapes the outcome of VOC-mediatedpathogen interactions has received little attention.
To address this gap, we carried out a greenhouse
experiment with two fungal pathogens (Fusarium solani and Phytophthora infestans) to test for
specificity in VOC induction and signalling between
potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) determining
plant-mediated pathogen interactions. For this, we
paired potato plants in plastic cages, one acting as
VOC emitter and the other as a receiver, and subjected emitters to one of the following treatments:
no infection (control), infected by F. solani, or infected by P. infestans. We measured total emission andcomposition of VOCs released by emitter plants totest for pathogen-specificity in VOC induction, andthen conducted a bioassay of pathogen infection(i.e., percentage of damaged leaf area) on receivers by subjecting half of the plants of each emittertreatment to F. solani infection and the other half
to P. infestans infection. In doing so, we aimed totest for pathogen specificity in plant VOC signalling effects and its consequences for plant-mediated pathogen interactions. We found no evidenceof quantitative (total production) or qualitative(compound composition) changes in volatile organic compound emissions due to infection by F.

1 Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra,
Galicia, Spain. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México. 3 Fundamental
and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel,Switzerland.
Plant-plant signalling via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been extensively studied, but
its contingency on herbivory amount and its within-plant distribution remains poorly or no studied.
We tested whether signalling between cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants in response to herbivory by
the specialist caterpillar Alabama argillacea wasaffected by different levels of herbivore density andwithin-plant damage distribution. We placed threeplants in mesh cages, where one plant acted as a
VOC emitter and the other two as receivers. We subjected emitters to one of the following treatments:
control (no larvae), low density (one larva on oneleaf), high concentrated density (four larvae, two
on each of two leaves), and high dispersed density(four larvae, one on each of four leaves). Two days
later, we collected emitter VOCs to test for treatment
effects on VOC emissions and placed A. argillacea
larvae on receivers to test for signalling effects onleaf consumption (i.e., induced resistance). Highdensity significantly increased total VOC emissions
and changed VOC composition, whereas low density did not result in a significant effect on total emis-

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sions. However, there was no difference in total VOCs
emissions between high dispersed vs. concentrated damage treatments. In turn, receivers exposed
to damaged emitters showed greater resistance toherbivory relative to those exposed to control emitters, but this signalling effect was no contingent oneither the amount or distribution of herbivory. Overall, these results suggest no evidence that the distribution of herbivore damage affects VOC induction
and provide a better understanding of the effects ofherbivory variability on plant-plant signalling.

P.1459 Invasive ability andecosystems susceptible
to the spread of Asclepias
syriaca in Romania
Daniela Clara Mihai1,2, Alina GeorgianaCîşlariu2, Mioara Dumitraşcu2, Mihaela
Ioana Georgescu1, Florin Toma1
1 Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
Bucharest, Romania. 2 Department of Botany andMicrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Numerous ornamental plant species introduced toEurope have become invasive. Asclepias syriaca
L. is a notable example and the focal point of ourresearch. Originating from North America, it was introduced to Europe in 1629 and is currently listed as
an invasive alien species of concern under EU Regulation 1143/2014. In Romania, the species was firstreported in 1836. Asclepias syriaca displays a highcapacity to adapt to different climatic and edaphic
conditions. Soil type and physical properties emerge
as the key pedological factors influencing its occurrence. In Europe, it mostly inhabits abandoned agricultural lands, wet and dry meadows, road edges,
and tree plantations, negatively impacting agriculture. The species exhibits competitive traits such asheight, shaded tolerance, vegetative propagation,
drought resistance, and allelopathic potential. Modeling the potential distribution of invasive species
provides advantages, including early detection andbetter understanding of ecological requirements.
Our study aims to model the potential distributionof Asclepias syriaca in Romania, identifying the ecosystems susceptible to its spread, and the anatomical traits ensuring the species’ resilience in various
environmental conditions. We studied the species’
adaptive ability through structural analyses on veg-

etative organs, using cross-sections treated with differential stains. The potential distribution of Asclepias syriaca was modeled using the R software (SSDM
package) and environmental variables (bioclimatic,
topographic, pedologic factors, and anthropogenic impact) corresponding to the known ecologicalpreferences of the species. The modeling results
showed good predictive ability (AUC > 0.85), with thehuman impact index predominantly influencing Asclepias syriaca’s distribution in Romania. According
to the SDM, the species overlaps 37% on arable land.
The species’ structural characteristics highlighted
its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions.
This study contributes to the understanding of theecology and adaptive capacity of the species, withsignificant implications for the managing ecosystems affected by this invasive plant in Romania.

P.1460 Do plant
conservation efforts scale
up to their pollinators?
Cheyenne Davis1, Nina Fogel2,3, Colby
Kapp1, Emily Buerhle1, Josh Felton1, Jessica
Clones1, Nicole Miller-Struttmann1
1 Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Webster University, St. Louis, USA. 2 Departmentof Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA. 3
Department of Biology, Washington University, St.
Louis, USA.
Maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services inlieu of human-driven environmental change is oneof the most pressing challenges of the century. As urbanized landscapes expand, wild organisms must rely
on managed greenspaces. However, greenspaces
are often not optimized to support biodiversity, resulting in hectares of biodiversity-poor habitats. “Backyard conservation” programs seek to improve biodiversity conservation by encouraging landowners andmanagers to plant more diverse plant communities,
with the assumption that biodiversity of their partners
will also increase. Regional factors, such as barriers tomovement, may interfere with those efforts, leading
to slower gains than expected. In collaboration with
200+ volunteers enrolled in the Shutterbee Citizen Science Program in St. Louis, MO, USA, we tested whether urbanization influences the relationship between
plant and bee diversity in residential and community
gardens. Shutterbee participants conducted biweekly photo-surveys in a greenspace of their choosing
and uploaded their observations to iNaturalist. We

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used model comparison to select the best performing model including the following factors: urbanization, flower richness, flower density, and interactions
among the factors. As predicted, rarified bee richness
increased with plant richness. However, in more urban
landscapes, bee richness was high regardless of flower richness; whereas in the suburbs and exurbs, beerichness increased with plant richness. Network properties (i.e., nestedness and modularity), on the other
hand, were more strongly affected by flower richness.
While urbanization had a significant moderating effect, it had very low explanatory power (R2 = P.12 andR2 = P.46, respectively). Our results suggest increasing
plant diversity in residential gardens supports pollinator diversity and establishes more complex, stablecommunities. While the socio-environmental matrix
surrounding a greenspace altered bee diversity, it did
not affect community structure and dynamics, suggesting that local factors are more important thanregional factors for supporting bee diversity in urban
greenspaces.

P.1461 Nitrogen transfer
between plant species
in natural and agroecosystems
Alicia Montesinos Navarro1, Diego
Intringliolo1
1 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación,
Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
Here we explore the often-overlooked phenomenon of nitrogen transfer within plant communities
aiming to uncover the underlying patterns anddriving forces that have the potential to influenceboth natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems.
While phenological segregation has traditionallybeen seen as a coexistence strategy, we propose
an alternative mechanism: the transfer of nitrogen from low nitrogen-demand plants to highnitrogen-demand plants, resulting in reciprocal
benefits over time instead of competition avoidance. This process can reduce water dependency
and prevent nitrogen loss through leaching, influencing plant communities and ecosystem functioning. Concurrently, we use broad ecologicalknowledge of plant-plant interactions in naturalsemi-arid plant communities to address sustainability challenges in horticulture, designing optimal intercropping systems to reduce water andnitrogen-based fertilizer use in agro-ecosystems.

P.1462 Invasive neo-species
and how to name themDaniel Montesinos1
1 Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns, Queensland,
Australia. 2 College of Science and Engineering,
James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia. 3 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life
Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Range-expansion and speciation are not new tolife on Earth, but they have been scarcely observed
contemporarily and, likely, never over several continents simultaneously. Evidence of incipient reproductive isolation between native and non-native
regions of some invasive alien species indicatesthat invasive speciation is closer than we expected.
Some neo-allopatric populations are likely to qualify
as distinguishable subspecies already. Given theirtrajectory, whether they will become new species
is not an if, but a when. I present two decision tables to help to (1) assess the coining of new invasive
species or subspecies with the current taxonomical
approach or (2), introduce the term “neo” to nameinvasive neo-species resulting from synchronous
allopatric speciation from a single, known, living
ancestor. This latter case can be exemplified withthe hypothetical names: “Ginkgo biloba neo americana”, “G. biloba neo europea”, etc.

P.1464 Allelopathic effectof Hakea sericea andAcacia dealbata on native
Mediterranean scrub
species
Laura Nogales Gómez1, Ismael Montero
Fernández1, Juan Carlos Alías Gallego1,
José Blanco-Salas1, Natividad Chaves
Lobón1
1 Departament of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Biological invasion plays fundamental role for ecosystem dysfunctions through loss of biodiversity
across the world. Biochemical interactions among
plants have revived interest in invasion ecology,
including tests of the ‘‘novel weapons hypothesis’’(NWH): some invasive species may gain disproportionate competitive advantages through the effects

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natives have not had the opportunity to adapt. Acacia dealbata is a species classified as invasive in
the Iberian Peninsula and Hakea sericea is a species classified as invasive in Portugal. In this work,
the allelopathic effect of these species on species
native to Mediterranean ecosystems and that sharehabitat with these species has been quantified. The
selected target species have been Lavandula stoechas and Cistus salviifolius. Tests have been carriedout with aqueous extracts (100 g L-1, 50 g L-1 and 25
g L-1) and they have been maintained in a culture
chamber (20ºC 16h-light/8h dark) for 20 days. Boththe aqueous extracts from A. dealbata and H. sericea strongly inhibit the germination of both species
at all concentrations tested, with A. dealbata being the one that exerts the greatest negative effect.
These results show that H. sericea and A. dealbata
can very negatively affect the ecosystems they invade, and the allelopathy exerted by these species
may be the interaction that causes the displacement of native species from these ecosystems.

P.1465 Seasonal allelopathic
potential of Hakea sericea,
Acacia dealbata andParkinsonia aculeata
Laura Nogales Gómez1, Ismael Montero
Fernández1, Juan Carlos Alías Gallego1, José
Blanco-Salas1, Natividad Chaves Lobón1
1 Departament of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
Invasive exotic plant species are considered dangerous to both global biodiversity and ecosystem
dynamics and livelihoods. Among the invasive plants
in the Iberian Peninsula is Hakea sericea, whose genus comes from Australia and is made up of 250
species, Acacia dealbata, which is typical of tropicaland subtropical regions such as Australia, Tasmania, Asia, Africa and America and Parkinsonia aculeata, native to the semi-desert regions of Americaand Africa and introduced as an ornamental. One of
the mechanisms attributed to the invasion capacity is allelopathy, an interaction mediated by compounds from the secondary metabolism of these
species. In turn, the allelopathic activity of a species depends on the concentration of compounds
present in its tissues and is therefore dependent on
the season, which implies the need to study the al-

lelopathic activity of a species in different seasons.
In this context we tested the allelopathic potentialsof three non-natives plant species in different seasons. Samples of leaves of each species have beencollected and aqueous solutions have been prepared (1/10 w/v). The tests were carried out in Petridishes (25 seed of L. sativa seeds per plate, 4 plates
per concentration: 1, 1/2 1/4, 1/6), which were maintained for 10 days in a germination chamber at 20ºC
16h-light/8h dark. Germination is quantified daily,
and after 10 days, the size of the roots and cotyledons of the seedlings are measured. The results obtained show that the aqueous extracts of the three
species studied present allelopathic activity, but
this effect differs between the species and between
the seasons studied. The order established for the
species from highest to lowest allelopathic activity
is P. aculeata>A. dealbata>H. sericea in the samples
collected in spring, and P. aculeata=A. dealbata>H.
sericea for the samples collected in summer.

P.1463 Highly hazardous
pesticides: the impactsof their use in aquatic
ecosystems
Debbie Muir1
1 Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, SA, Cape Town, South Africa.
Highly hazardous pesticides (HHP’s) are used widely in South Africa. There has been a global movethrough SAICM and other organizations to ban,phase out and/or restrict the use of HHP’s. The Global Harmonization System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) identifies the hazards
and exposure risks of a number of pesticides andclassifies them into 10 hazard criteria (HC), where thefirst HC is the Multilateral Environmental Conventions(MEA’s), the 2nd HC is Acute Toxicity and the following
4 HC are chronic health toxicity criteria. HC 7 and 8
deal with environmental toxicity and HC 9 is dioxins and HC 10, heavy metals. The identification andclassification of HHP’s are done using 8 criteria developed by the JMPM of the FAO/WHO. The HC thatwill be concentrated on are HC 7 and HC 8 as theemphasis of this presentation is regarding environmental toxicity and exposure and their impacts onaquatic life and ecosystem services. HHP’s currently
being used that impact on aquatic life and wetlands
will be discussed together with their impacts on theecosystem functioning. Human health impacts and743

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exposure risks of these HHP’s will be touched on andthese impacts can either be direct (operator exposure) or indirect (fishing, drinking water). This is justone example of how pesticides negatively impact
on biodiversity and ecosystems and have the abililty to alter ecosystems. Pesticides, biodiversity andclimate are intrinsically linked. Lastly, recommendations will be discussed on phase-out options forthese pesticides, and alternatives to these HHP’s will
be given using the Hierarch of Control and Precautionary Principles, and mitigation measures on how
to ensure compliance to the Paris Agreement targets with regards to the potential increase in temperatures and HHP’s.

P.1466 Deciphering the key
to the success of invasive
Asteraceae in mainlandSpaintween phylogenetic distance and ecological distance. This project aims to determine the ecologicaland evolutionary dynamics that led to the success(naturalization or invasion) of AS in peninsular Spain,
thus being able to solve the “Darwin’s naturalization
enigma” at a regional scale. Moreover, the projectwill analyse the risk (e.g., through implementing
IUCN’s EICAT) but also the effect of the presence ofAS on native biodiversity, particularly on the composition, diversity and structure of plant communities.
The focus will be on the subfamily Asteroideae, theone with the highest number of AS within the Asteraceae family, and the most diverse in Spain. The results of this study may ultimately lead to improved
knowledge and management of IAS.

P.1466 Genomic insights
into invasion: a comparativetranscriptomic study ofThunbergia (Acanthaceae)
speciesBeñat Orbea1,2*, Jordi López-Pujol1, Neus
Nualart1, Juan Antonio Campos3
1 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC-CMCNB, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Department of Animal Biology,
Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences,
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona UAB, Bellaterra,
Spain. 3 Department of Plant Biology and Ecology,
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao,
Spain.
Biological invasions are one of the main challenges facing biodiversity conservation, as they are oneof the major causes of species extinctions. Spain is
becoming one of the areas of the planet with thegreatest rates of entry and expansion of invasive
alien species (IAS), which is likely the result of thecountry’s high rate of habitat destruction, its large
diversity of climates and landscapes, and its key role
as a global commercial/transportation hub and aleading touristic destination. The key to the successof alien species (AS) goes through one of Darwin’s
two hypotheses: the “pre-adaptation” hypothesisor the “naturalization” hypothesis; sometimes bothcoexisting or varying depending on the geographic scale and scope of study. On the one hand, thepre-adaptation hypothesis argues that AS closely related to native species would be more likely
to become established because they might shareadaptations to local environmental conditions. On
the other hand, the naturalization hypothesis maintains that phylogenetically more distantly related AS
could succeed by establishing in empty ecologicalniches. Both hypotheses assume a correlation be-

David Ruiz-Londoño1, Pablo A PérezMesa2, Harold Suárez-Baron1
1 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia. 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá,
Colombia.
The rise in the dispersal rate of invasive species,
propelled by globalization and climate change, hasresulted in economic, environmental, and health impacts. Invasive species induce substantial changes
in ecosystems, influencing the structure and composition of native species and setting off cascadeeffects. Furthermore, they can adversely affect agriculture and ecosystem services. Despite the consideration of physiological and ecological aspects, it
is imperative to provide further attention to the genetic component of these species. Thunbergia alata
is a climbing species native from Africa, which has
been widely distributed mostly in tropical countries
for its ornamental characteristics. However, this species is considered invasive, affecting native ecosystems, especially in Latin America. This project proposes a comparative transcriptomic study between
T. alata and Thunbergia grandiflora, which, despite
sharing similarities in morphology and habit, exhibit
considerable ecological differences, such as niche
requirements, adaptability, and invasive capacity.
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invasive and adaptive traits of T. alata in the Valledel Cauca region of Colombia. To achieve this, RNA
extracted from both vegetative and reproductive
tissues for both species at two different developmental stages was sequenced using the Illumina
NovaSeq PE150 system. The transcriptomes wereassembled using Trinity, to identify differentially expressed genes associated with invasive traits. The
candidate from T. alata, may explain their dispersal
mechanisms, rapid growth, or accelerated flowering
time when compared with T. grandiflora. Additionally, a targeted search for genes from the expansin, HSP, and PR families was performed, as they arereported in the literature as possible promoters ofinvasiveness. This approach would assist in understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms
underlying the traits of invasiveness, and it can help
develop more effective strategies for controllingand managing this invasive species.

P.1468 Pteridum aquilinum
invasion in cloud forest
areas in Oaxaca and thepossible rehabilitation bymeans of assisted planting

py could inhibit the development of this fern. We findsupport for this hypothesis in a fallow land on which
native N-fixing alder trees (Alnus acuminata Kunth,Betulaceae, Palo de Águila) were planted. After eight
years, the bolt and height of the trees significantly
increased. Furthermore, the alders inhibited the development of Pteridium and favored the establishment of other native species such as Hedyosmum
mexicanum C. Cordem, Chloranthaceae; Saurauia
scabrida Hemsl, Actinidaceae; Liquidambar styraciflua L, Altingiaceae, and Clethra sp, Clethraceae. The
organic matter from tree debris has favored the development of saprobic fungi, and the soil displays
a significant litter development. We conclude thatthe bracken fern invasion results from very short fallows and can be controlled with assisted native tree
planting, such as alders.

P.1469 Pollination biology of
Impatiens capensis Meerb.
in non-native range
Agnieszka Rewicz1, René Monzalvo2,
Monika Myśliwy3, Grzegorz Tończyk4,
Andrea Desiderato4, Saroj
Ruchisansakun5, Tomasz Rewicz4

Miriam Ramírez Velasco1, Rafael F. delCastillo1, Raúl Rivera García1

1 Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. 2 Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Autonomous University of Hidalgo
State, Hidalgo, Mexico. 3 University of Szczecin, Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. 4 Department of Invertebrate Zoology
and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
5 Department of Plant Science, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand.

1 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Oaxaca, México.
The bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
(Dennstaedtiaceae) is the fifth-worst invasive species in the world. The invasion by this fern is evident
in fallows previously cultivated by maize and othercompanion plants in cloud forest areas of southern Mexico. Because of such invasion, the fallows
become disabled for further cultivation or naturalregeneration of the original forest. The invasion by
this fern is evident even in recently harvested lands,
indicating the aggressiveness of this plant. We conducted a historical survey of this problem in the
Agencia La Luz, Sierra Norte, in southern Mexico. We
found that fern invasion is relatively recent (about 70
years) and has been increased. As a control method, the invaded lands are commonly burned andtransformed into grasslands for cattle. This practice contributes to biodiversity losses and reduced
ecosystem services, such as water capture andcarbon sequestering. Very short fallow periods (3-7
years after harvesting) seem to favor the invasion
by impeding tree species colonization, which cano-Pollination biology in the widespread species Impatiens capensis Meerb. has only been studied in
America, specifically in zones of the U.S.A and Canada. In this study, we investigated the pollination biology of I. capensis using an integrative approach
identification using morphological and molecular
tools from four populations of Northwest Poland. We
also determined and compared the functional traitsof pollinators from native and introduced study site
species. Visitors were identified using standard morphological keys, including identifying and classifying
insect mouthparts. Molecular identification was carried out using mitochondrial DNA’s cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). We morphologically identified
20 species of visitors, principally pollinators and, withfewer records of nectar robbers. DNA barcoding of
59 individuals proved the identification of 18 species

745

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was primarily represented by the representatives ofDiptera (50%) and Hymenoptera (37.5%). The morphological traits, such as the chewing and sucking
mouthparts, small and big body height, and robberand pollinator behavior explained mainly the nativeand introduced visitors’ arrangements that allow
pollination success. However, further investigation ofother causalities in pollination success and understanding the diversity of pollinators in outer native
ranges, are necessary to understand the process
comprehensively.

sults indicated that seeds of I. capensis remained
buoyant on the water surface for the longest duration, strongly correlated with the shape and structure of the seed coat in this species. We suggestthat the presence of ridges on the seed coat of I.
capensis, serving as structures increasing buoyancy, is of significant importance. A shorter duration of
floating was observed for seeds of I. parviflora, andthe shortest for I. noli-tangere. This suggests that thenative species - I. noli-tangere is least effective incolonizing and competing for diverse habitats, especially those distant from existing populations.

P.1470 Analysis of buoyancy
in Impatiens spp. seeds
with varying levels ofinvasiveness: the influenceof shape and structure ofseed.

P.1471 Unravelling theimportance of landscapeeffects for seed dispersal inrestored ecosystems

Agnieszka Rewicz1, Monika Myśliwy2,
Justyna Polit1

Anthropogenic activities have led to extensive habitat loss, resulting in fragmented and degradedecosystems with remnants of natural habitat. Thisfragmentation, combined with human-induced
disturbances, contributes to species loss and thedecline of critical ecological functions. Seed dispersal, a fundamental ecological process, significantly shapes plant community dynamics by assisting
seed escape from high-mortality areas and enabling colonization of vacant niches. Birds, as key
contributors to seed dispersal, act as mobile connectors between diverse habitats. Traditional approaches to understanding seed dispersal focus
on local and regional factors, including vegetation
cover, fruit availability, and bird abundance. However, the role of landscape characteristics in conditioning seed rain, especially in restored areas, hasbeen overlooked. To fill this gap, we conducted a
two-year study, establishing 24 (or 8 in the secondyear) 50 m-radius plots along the 40 km Guadiamar
Green Corridor—a protected and restored landscape within an agricultural matrix and semi-natural habitat gradient. Plots were categorized into
low and high-density halves, each equipped withseed traps (20 in high-density, 10 in low-density) toassess seed rain under different woody plant canopies. A comprehensive characterization of plot surroundings and the landscape within a 5 km buffer
was also undertaken and several landscape metrics were calculated. We have found that landscapefactors significantly influenced seed rain, with plots

Jairo Robla1, Alejandro Rodríguez1
1 Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain.

1 University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. 2 University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
One of the key factors determining the success ofinvasive species is their ability to disperse seeds, enabling them to colonize diverse habitats and effectively compete with native species. Understanding
the mechanisms contributing to the colonization
success of invasive species is crucial for predicting
future expansion patterns and ranges. Additionally,it allows for the development of optimal strategies
to prevent their introduction, as well as control andmanagement of their populations and impacts on
native species. Experimental investigations wereconducted on seeds of three Impatiens species,differing in invasiveness levels: the American Impatiens capensis, the Asian Impatiens parviflora, andthe European native Impatiens noli-tangere. It was
hypothesized that differences in competitivenessstem from variations in the seeds’ ability to float onwater, a capability dependent on seed shape andstructure. The question concerns the time for which
the seeds of the studied species can float on water
and, consequently, reach distant territories and colonize them. To assess the hydrochoric dispersal capacity of seeds, their buoyancy and time of floatingon the water surface were examined. Additionally,
the influence of seed shape, mass, and seed coatstructure on seed buoyancy was analyzed. The re-746

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in complex landscapes, offering diverse resources to birds, receiving higher seed rain than those insimpler areas. Such landscapes could promote bird
distribution, mobility, and subsequent seed rain byproviding varied food resources and shelter. Additionally, fruit coverage and abundance, alongside
traditionally considered factors, played crucial roles
in seed rain. This study’s consideration of landscapeeffects underscores the importance of context inrestoration projects targeting ecological functions
like seed dispersal and open a new line to continue
studying these factors in a restoration context.

P.1472 Taking action:
promoting biodiversity andenvironmental sustainability
at Marimurtra Botanical
GardenAnna Sans1, Pere Fraga1,2, Jordi Fàbregas1,
Bonaventura Torroella1, Iván Soto1, Yago
Plata 1, Pablo Garcia 1, Íker Muñoz 1,
Guillermo Caba 1, Javier Jiménez1, Antonio
Aguilar1, Sílvia Garriga1, Enric Barril1, Gisela
Hernández1, Jaissa Obré1
1 Marimurtra Botanical Garden, Fundació Privada
Carl Faust, Blanes, Spain. 2 Institut Menorquí d’Estudis, Maó, Spain.
Marimurtra, as a Botanical Garden, living museum
and science center, its basic function is to protect
and promote the study of Mediterranean biodiversity, especially plants, and with this aim, to conserveand improve Marimurtra, for the benefit of scientificresearch and dissemination. This review highlights
the actions of the botanical garden aimed at improving biodiversity and environmental sustainability. These actions include the efficient use of resources and the reuse of plant residues within thegarden itself. Additionally, the practice of composting is emphasized as a measure of organic waste
management, along with its use as fertilizer for thesame garden, and the abstention from the use ofchemicals. Instead, the control of plant pathologies,
which can affect the plants grown in the botanicalgarden, is done by means of natural extracts madefrom plant species with recognized pesticidal or fortifying properties. This is another way to preserve thehealth of the ecosystems, maintain the ecologicalbalance and thus contribute to the sustainability ofthe entire garden. Furthermore, the installation of insect hotels, nest boxes, and bird feeders promotes
biodiversity by creating habitats that attract beneficial auxiliary fauna, which can be effective in pest
control. Furthermore, the installation of insect hotels,
nest boxes, and bird feeders promotes biodiversity
by creating habitats that attract beneficial auxiliary fauna, which can be effective in pest control. The
botanical garden also commits to the conservationof critical plant collections. Emphasis is placed on
the transmission of scientific knowledge throughoutreach activities, with the aim of raising publicawareness about the importance of biodiversity
conservation and fostering participation in environmental protection initiatives. This communication
highlights the multiple strategies adopted by the
botanical garden to promote biodiversity and environmental sustainability, addressing both practicaland educational aspects in the context of environmental conservation.

P.1473 Comparative
analysis of mitochondrial
genomes of invasive weed
Mikania micrantha andits indigenous congener
Mikania cordata
Zhen Wang1, Ruonan Wang1, Yatong Sang1,
Ting Wang2,3, Wenbo Liao1, Yingjuan Su1,3
1 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
Guangzhou, China. 2 College of Life Sciences, South
China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
3 Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in
Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
Mikania micrantha and M. cordata are two very specific species in China. The former is one of the top
100 worst invasive species in the world, whereas thelatter is harmless to native plants or environment as
an indigenous species in China. They form an excellent congener couple for comparative investigation
to understand the invasion mechanisms of exotic
weed. In this study, we assembled and annotated
the two species mitogenome based on Illumina and
PacBio data and compared their characteristic differences. The complete mitochondria genome of theM. micrantha is a double-stranded DNA with lengthof 336,566 bp, while the mitochondrial genome of M.
cordata is branched and assembled into two small
circular molecules and six linear molecules, with to-747

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tal length of 335,460 bp. Compared to M. cordata,
M. micrantha has less mitochondrial protein coding
genes (PCGs), SSRs, tandem repeats, and dispersed
repeats. They showed the high similar feature in codon usage. Mikania micrantha and M. cordata contained the same number of RNA editing sites in atp4,
nad3, nad4L, nad5 and rps4. The nucleotide diversityof the 22 PCGs was highly variable among selected
eight species. Longer synteny sequences with highsimilarity were detected between M. micrantha andM. cordata than between M. micrantha or M. cordata and other seven plants. Phylogenetic inference
showed that M. micrantha is sister to M. cordata.
Transferred length between chloroplast and mitochondrion genome of M. micrantha and M. cordata is 13,339 bp and 12,355 bp, accounting for 3.96%
and 3.68% of the total mitogenome, respectively. The
study revealed the structure and function of the M.
micrantha mitogenome and laid a solid foundation
for investigating deeper into the invasion mechanism of M. micrantha.

P.1474 New insights into
adaptive evolution andinvasion dynamics ofMikania micrantha basedon comparative genomics
and resequencing
Ruonan Wang1, Zhen Wang1, Xiaoxian
Ruan1, Yang Peng1, Yatong Sang1, Wenbo
Liao1, Ting Wang2,3, Yingjuan Su1,2
1 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
Guangzhou, China. 2 Research Institute of Sun Yatsen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. 3 College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Mikania micrantha H.B.K. (Asteraceae), commonly
known as the ‘mile-a-minute’ weed, is an aggressive
climbing vine native to tropical America. It poses significant threats to ecosystem and causes severe agricultural-economic losses. In this study, comparative
genomics and resequencing were conducted to unravel adaptive evolution and invasion dynamics of M.
micrantha. In view of inaccurate number of chromosomes in previously reported M. micrantha genome,
we first performed karyotype analysis of M. micrantha
using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to guarantee accuracy of chromosome number (2n=2x=36)
for high-throughput chromatin conformation cap-

ture (Hi-C). We further obtained high quality chromosome-scale genome of M. micrantha and conducted
a comparative analysis with an indigenous congener
M. cordata, genome size of which was 1.53 Gb and 1.68
Gb, respectively. The two sister species was diverged at
approximately 3.72 million years ago (Mya). The expansion of gene families related to plant growth and defense responses plays a key role in the invasive successof M. micrantha. Similarly, transposable elements (TEs)exist huge impact on M. micrantha genome evolution
and expression. Long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs), particularly Copia and Gypsy, promote genomic diversity and gene duplication. The paralogous
genes, related to plant-pathogen interactions andstress responses, have significantly differential expression. Whole-genome resequencing of native and invasive M. micrantha populations reveals high genetic
similarity in southern China including multiple introductions, introgression, and gene flow. Especially, we
detected selected candidate genes associated withadventitious root development and seed dormancy.
The balancing selection of spliceosome related genes
was beneficial to development and response to abiotic stress of M. micrantha. This study provides new insights into invasion and evolution of M. micrantha andlays solid foundation for further management of M. micrantha and ecosystem preservation.

P.1475 Invasive Rosa rugosa
Thunb. (Japanese Rose)
as ecosystem engineer
accelerating ecologicalsuccession of Baltic coastal
dunes
Marcin W. Woch1*, Paweł Kapusta2, Anna
M. Stefanowicz2, Irena M. Grześ3 andMałgorzata Stanek2
1 Institute of Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland. 2 W. Szafer Institute ofBotany, Kraków, Poland. 3 Faculty of Biology andBiotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury,
Olsztyn, Poland.
This study addressed the impact of the invasionof Rosa rugosa on the soil and vegetation of Baltic
coastal grey dunes. To determine the changes occurring during the invasion, the space-for-time substitution approach was used, in which observations weremade in plots representing different stages of the process. The study was conducted on the Hel Peninsula748

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thickets). The invasion almost did not affect the physicochemical properties of the mineral soil (for example, there were no differences in the content of nutrients between plots), but it changed the soil structure,causing the formation of a solid organic horizon. This
horizon was several centimeters thick in C plots, while
it was very thin in E plots and virtually absent in N plots.
Regarding vegetation, the invasion caused a shift in its
species composition, from that characteristic of open

dune communities to that typical of maritime forests(e.g. Polypodium vulgare). Interestingly, this shift was
pronounced between plots E and C, being invisible between plots N and E. It suggests that native vegetation
responds to the invasion in its later stages. This may
be related to the organic horizon formation and also
the loosening of thickets resulting from the death ofolder invader individuals. Unlike vegetation, the soil microbiome responded to the invasion at its beginning;both R. rugosa plots, C and E, were characterized byhigher microbial activity (respiration, activity of someenzymes) than N plots. R. rugosa irreversibly changes
the soil structure and creates microhabitats that accelerate the entry of late-successional species.

S.162. THE KEY ROLE OF REFUGIA IN FACINGTHE GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS
P.1476 Analysis of thevascular flora in the Cajas
National Park (Central
Andes, Ecuador)

species- and degree of threat. Finally, the data for eachof these criteria are jointly analyzed and compared withother Andean mountain ranges. Dichondra macrocalyx
Meisn. and Piptochaetium tovarii Sánchez Vega are reported for the first time in Ecuador.

Raffaella Ansaloni1, Danilo Minga1, Nubia
Guzmán1, Javier Amigo2, Jesús Izco2

P.1477 A modelbased biogeographic
reconstruction of the Iberian
vegetation landscapes forthe past 22,000 years

1 Azuay Herbarium (HA), University of Azuay. Cuenca, Ecuador. 2 Botany Departament, University ofSantiago de Compostela, Spain.
The Cajas National Park (CNP) is located 30 km fromthe city of Cuenca (Ecuador), in the western Andean
chain and occupies an area of almost 30,000 ha, between 3300–4450 m of altitude and includes various
ecosystems: subpáramo, herbaceous paramo andsuper-páramo. The dominant vegetal community is
grasslands, followed by wetlands, Polylepis sp.pl. andscrubs; above 4200 m asl, bush communities adapted
to extreme edaphoclimatic conditions dominate. For
the elaboration of the catalogue of the vascular floraof the CNP, we compiled, refined and analyzed the information available in the herbaria of the Universidaddel Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador) (HA), Missouri Botanical
Garden (MO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador (QCA) and Tropicos® database, with records ofaltitudes above 3300 m asl and our collections in theyears 2012–2021. 666 species are documented, belonging to 264 genera and 89 botanical families; we describe their biological form (biotype), habitat, distribution -with special attention to endemic and non-native

Manuel Casas-Gallego1,2,*, José María
Postigo-Mijarra3, Rut Sánchez-de Dios3,
Eduardo Barrón4, Helios Sainz-Ollero5
1 Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy andPaleontology, Complutense University of Madrid,
Spain. 2 Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 3 Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and
Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
4 Museo Geominero, Instituto Geológico y Minerode España, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 5 Department of
Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain. *mancasas@ucm.es.
Understanding past potential vegetation distribution is
key for understanding present-day distributions, which
in turn is necessary for accurate vegetation management, conservation and restoration. In this study, we
use ecological niche modelling fed with inputs from749

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high-resolution present and past climatic data together with data on current potential landscapes tosimulate the dynamics and distribution of the main
vegetation types in the Iberian Peninsula since the Last
Glacial Maximum (22,000 years BP). The simulations
show significant changes in the extent of each vegetation type through time. Non-forested vegetation
mainly consisting of steppes with grasslands, savinjuniper, broom and heather groves with occasionalpresence of scattered mountain pines, covered an
extensive area during the Late Glacial (22,000 – 12,000
years BP). At their maximum (17,000 years BP), such
steppes occupied more than half of the Iberian territory, extending to central and southern areas. Starting with the Holocene, increased temperatures andprecipitation enabled the expansion of broadleaved
deciduous forests from refuge areas located mostly
on Mediterranean coastal regions. The north-east of
the Iberian Peninsula is shown to have been the mostprominent refuge area for various vegetation types,
including the sclerophyllous Mediterranean forest of
Quercus suber, Q. ilex subsp. ilex and relict thermophilic elements. The modelled distributions suggest thatrefuge areas also existed in the Atlantic coast of northern Spain and Portugal. These were particularly effective for the spread of deciduous oak forests dominated by Q. robur and sub-Mediterranean (marcescent)oak forests of Q. pyrenaica. Mediterranean pinewoods
must have benefited from the occurrence of large areas of climatic suitability throughout the studied timeinterval. The modelled reconstructions presented here
provide new ideas of biogeographic pathways of certain vegetation types, confirm biogeographic patterns
indicated by paleobotanical data and help to understand the present-day occurrence of some taxa thatremained unexplained to date.

P.1478 Doline microrefugia
promote unique plant
functional characteristics

to display distinct functional trait signatures. Althoughapproaches to studying microrefugia are wide ranging, there is a shortage of information about the functional characteristics of plant assemblages in microrefugia compared to their surroundings. To fill thisknowledge gap, we selected 30 topographic depressions (i.e. dolines) in two karst regions in Hungary. We
chose nine plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area, leaf area, seed mass, start and durationof flowering, pollination type, dispersal distance class,and life form) to describe the functional structure of
the studied plant assemblages. We calculated community-weighted means (CWMs) on the microhabitat
level (plateau, south-facing slope, north-facing slope,and bottom) for each trait, performed a functional
PCoA, computed mean pairwise dissimilarity (MPD) for
each microhabitat by combining the nine traits, andmeasured the standardized effect size of MPD (SES.
MPD). We found that plant assemblages in dolines andon the plateaus displayed unique functional characteristics (i.e. trait syndromes). North-facing slopes andbottoms had more diverse trait compositions and occupied the largest area in the ordination space. Functional diversity expressed by MPD was highest in doline
bottoms among doline microhabitats. All microhabitats had negative mean SES.MPD values. These findings suggest that each microhabitat is characterized
by unique trait syndromes and species in each microhabitat are functionally more similar than expected bychance. As karst areas cover about 15% of the Earth’s
land surface and dolines are the dominant landforms
in these landscapes, studying the mechanisms that
influence refugial capacity in dolines is crucial for conserving biodiversity.

P.1479 Biogeography ofPinus sylvestris native
forests in the Iberian
Peninsula
Víctor González-García1, Gianmaria
Bonari2, José Valentín Roces-Díaz1,
Eduardo Fernández-Pascual1, Borja
Jiménez-Alfaro1

Kata Frei1, Csaba Tölgyesi1, Zoltán Bátori1
1 University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Climate-change microrefugia are small areas withlocal favourable environmental conditions, in which
viable populations can survive during large-scaleand long-term climate changes. Such microrefugia
are known to occur in topographically complex environments (e.g., in topographic depressions). Becauseof their diverse microhabitat structure and uniqueeco-evolutionary histories, microrefugia are known

1 Biodiversity Research Institute-IMIB (CSIC-Univ.
Oviedo-Princ. Asturias), Mieres, Spain. 2 Universityof Siena, Siena, Italy.
Pinus sylvestris is distributed across all Eurasia, from
Western Europe to the Russian Far East, being the mostwidely distributed Pinus species. The species reaches

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its southwestern distribution limit in the Iberian Peninsula, where it is considered native to certain mountainsystems. Although the species has been widely cultivated, there is little information about the diversity anddistribution of natural stands. Here we focus on forest
surveys made in P. sylvestris native populations of the
Iberian Peninsula, using vegetation plots dominated byP. sylvestris (cover > 30%) and stored in vegetation databases and unpublished data. We classified all plots
assumed to occur in native forests using the modified
TWINSPAN algorithm, interpreting the resulting clusters
as ecologically and biogeographically distinct forest
types. The Iberian forests dominated by P. sylvestris
were classified into four major forest types: acidophilous oromediterranean forests, thermophilous mixed
forests, acidophilous temperate forests and basophilous forests. We calculated the characteristic speciesof each forest type, as well as the environmental space
occupied by their plant communities. Soil pH, precipitation and elevation were the most significant drivers
explaining the occurrence of each forest type in the
Iberian Peninsula. We also fitted distribution models of
the four forest types for the Last Glacial Maximum (21kyBP), mid-Holocene (6ky BP) and present climates. Ourmodels support that P. sylvestris forests found refugia
in the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula during the
LGM. We also found that their present distribution isnarrower than expected, suggesting that human activities could be responsible for their decline in the Iberian Peninsula, as supported by palynological studies
that show a sharp decline concurrent with the start ofhuman habitation. Our results indicate that the Iberian
mountain systems act as a current refugia for theserelict forests, buffering them from climatic oscillations
and human impacts.

P.1480 Sharp decreaseof snowbed specialists intheir southern European
distribution limit in 20 years
Estela Illa Bachs1,2, Oriol Lluch Oms1,
Josep M. Ninot Sugrañes1,2 Empar Carrillo
Ortuño1,2
1 Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i
Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain.

mid-summer where only a set of specialised species,
mostly of arctic-alpine distribution, are able to thrive.
Climate change, with the rising temperatures and the
reduction of winter snowfall, cause an earlier snowmelt that allows the colonisation of snowbed patches by the more competitive grassland species fromthe neighbouring grasslands. This process is specially worrying in the Pyrenees, one of the southernmost
refugia for snowbed communities and for many specialists, where nowadays snowbed patches are of reduced dimensions and have a scattered distribution
throughout the range. Between years 2003-2005 we
set eight permanent transects in central Pyrenean
siliceous snowbed patches, each covering the steep
snowmelt gradient existing from alpine grasslands tosnowbed communities, where we sampled species
composition and coverage in different plots distributed at regular intervals. We resampled all the transects between 2013-2015, and half of them in 2023. We
characterized the vegetation groups present at eachtransect by grouping the plots according to their floristic similarity through the fuzzy-c-means algorithm,
and for each period we computed the frequency ofsnowbed specialists and that of the most competitive grassland species both at transect level and foreach vegetation group. Preliminary results evidenced
the rapid colonisation of snowbed patches by somecompetitive grassland species, and the contractionof the area occupied by snowbed specialists. We observed a differential behaviour of snowbed specialists
depending on the vegetation group and the period,
usually showing a frequency decrease between 20032013, but a stabilisation the last decade, when a subsetof them even experienced a slight increase towards
the snowiest end of the transect. Overall, these results
suggest that in the future many Pyrenean areas may
no longer represent a refugia for siliceous snowbed
communities and some of their specialist species.

P.1481 Effects of canopy
gaps and topographic
complexity on the
microclimate andvegetation of karst
landscapes

In temperate high mountains, snowbeds are thoseenvironments that remain covered by snow until

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Gábor Li1, Bonita Ratkai1, Kata Frei1,
Benedek Tóth1, Csaba Tölgyesi1, Zoltán
Bátori1
1 University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.

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Karst landscapes maintain topographically complex
environments that provide a variety of microclimatic conditions suitable for a wide range of organisms.
Based on previous studies, karst depressions (i.e. dolines) may serve as microrefugia for many species
under global warming due to their ability to decouple
microclimate from regional climatic trends. North-facing slopes and bottoms of dolines provide cooler andmore humid, while south-facing slopes provide warmer and drier microclimates than the surrounding plateaus. These patterns are less pronounced in forested dolines due to the climate-buffering effect of the
canopy. Here we studied how the presence of small
canopy gaps may influence the microclimate, vegetation and refugial capacity in dolines. We measured
microclimatic conditions and sampled the vegetation
in four habitat types: 1) plateaus with closed canopy,2) plateaus with small canopy gaps, 3) doline bottoms
with closed canopy, and 4) doline bottoms with small
canopy gaps. We classified all plant species into fourgroups based on their habitat preference and used
multivariate methods and linear mixed-effects models for statistical analyses. Doline bottoms with small
canopy gaps showed the lowest mean temperatureand the highest soil moisture. Relative air humidity
and soil moisture were significantly higher in dolines
than on the plateaus. Doline bottoms with small canopy gaps maintained several beech forest species (i.e.
climate change vulnerable species) that were absent
or rare in the other habitats. Our results suggest thatthe presence of small canopy gaps in doline bottoms
may significantly influence microclimatic patterns(e.g., air temperature, soil moisture) and the distribution of plant species, and may increase the capacityof dolines to be future microrefugia. It can be concluded that topographic complexity and the presence ofsmall canopy gaps jointly shape the biodiversity ofkarst landscapes.

P.1482 Flora of special
interest of the Manzanares
River in the city of Madrid
Pedro Molina Holgado1, Fernando AllendeÁlvarez1, Nieves López Estébanez1, Fátima
Franco Múgica2
1 Department of Geography, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Department of Ecology,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The Manzanares River in the city of Madrid acts asa refuge of biodiversity. It is of special floristic inter-est due to the high number of species it maintains
and the presence of rare elements on a local andregional scale. The renaturalization of the river has
allowed the partial recovery of its hydrogeomorphological functioning. The sediments deposited
since then have been rapidly colonized by many of
the species characteristic of fluvial environments.
The riparian flora is currently composed of 591 taxa
that occupy the 13.58 km of the urban river section(76 ha), of which 197 can be considered of special
interest. Some of them are new species for the floraof the city and the region of Madrid or species notrecorded in the city since the 19th century. In addition, the Manzanares River has become an area ofgreat importance for the recovery of the river flora downstream of the city of Madrid, allowing theconnection of the upper and lower river sectors. We
review the main characteristics of the flora and provide data on the distribution and population size ofthe elements of greatest conservation interest.

P.1483 The decline of atranslocated populationof the endangered plant,
Baptisia arachnifera(Fabaceae): an 18-year
reintroduction study
John B. Pascarella1
1 Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, USA.
Long-term studies of experimental translocations
are needed to verify success of this method for conservation of endangered plant populations. In 2004
and 2005, a translocated population of the federally endangered Georgia endemic Baptisia arachnifera (Fabaceae) was established in similar outer coastal plain habitat of South Georgia, USA. The
2004 cohort consisted of two-year seedlings whilethe 2005 cohort consisted of one-year old seedlings.
The population was censused annually from 20042015, 2019 and 2022. The site was burned during winter months (Feb.-March) in 2006, 2010, 2019 and a
growing season burn in May 2013. Using a composite
size index, translocated plants showed positive vegetative growth from 2005 to 2010, a decline in plantsize with a minimum in 2013, and then an increase
but remaining below the 2010 peak. Percent of plants
flowering also showed a similar pattern which lasted
until 2011 for the 2004 cohort and 2012 for the 2005
cohort. Flowering then decreased, reached a mini-752

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mum in 2013 and has since increased but remains
below the 2010-2011 peak. While annual survival from2004-2015 was above 90%, the 2012-2013 period had
a much lower survival period of 30-60%, as this period had a late-season prescribed burn followedby summer drought. Cumulative survival declined
during this 18-year period with ~20% survival for bothcohorts by 2022. In addition to the transplants, only 8
out of 43 seeds that germinated during trials in 2008
survived to 2022 (18.6%) and only 1 had reproducedby age 14. This study cautions that even with similar habitats and initial success, translocations willneed long-term study to determine population persistence. As the species occurs in a fire-maintained
habitat, the negative impact of the late-season prescribed burn makes timing of prescribed fire a key
management concern.

P.1484 Exotic vascular flora
in sub-Antarctic Chile:
biodiversity threats in thesouthernmost naturallaboratory
Sánchez-Jardón L.1,2, Zúñiga P. 3, Durán M.
3, Squeo F.4, Cavines T.5, Bustamante R.2,3,
Rozzi R.1,2,6
1 Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
2 Cape Horn International Center. Puerto Williams,
Chile. 3 Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 4 Departamento
de Biología, Universidad de La Serena and Institutode Ecología y Biodiversidad, La Serena, Chile. 5 College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State
University of New York, New York, USA. 6 University ofNorth Texas, Denton, USA.
Deforestation for the expansion of anthropogenic
productive systems and infrastructure entails theintroduction of exotic flora and fauna all over theworld. Tierra del Fuego and the Cape Horn archipelago in sub-Antarctic Chile are unique ecosystems
where these anthropogenic disturbances occurredrather recently. Thus, this remote area may be considered a natural laboratory for biological invasions. They are located as core zones of the UNESCO Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR) where theconstruction of infrastructures is restricted. However,this world’s southernmost natural laboratory is subject today to increasing pressure of developmentthat are proposing the construction of new infrastructures, such as roads, ports, hotels, ecolodges.

Even though some of these are recommended fortransitions zones, particularly for Puerto Williams,
the capital city of the Antarctic Province of Chile, itsconstruction could catalyze a rapid arrival of exotic flora and fauna. Here we compile the information available on vascular plant species diversity in
CHRB as published in specialized journals, books andmanagement plans, as well as the result of recent
scientific expeditions conducted by Chilean andinternational researchers in expeditions organizedby the current team at the Cape Horn International Center. As a result, three exotic species observed
from 1980 to 2013, however recent studies show that
there are at least 15 species currently occurring. The
spatial association with human activities such as
roads, farms or towns and protected areas is evaluated. Finally, we describe a long-term monitoring inthe southern section of the Y-85 Vicuña-Yendegaia
road in Yendegaia National Park, an initiative of CHICin the framework of the LTSER network that seeks toexpand the knowledge of vascular and cryptogamic
diversity in terrestrial ecosystems of Magallanes aswell as to evaluate the impacts of linear infrastructure on the biodiversity of sub-Antarctic forests.

P.1485 Ecologicalsignificance of Berberis
microphylla shrubs: acomprehensive study onunderstory vegetation,
Patagonia, Argentina
Gimena Bustamante1,2, Rosina Soler1,3,
MiriamArena4, Paula Rodriguez1, Matthew
Ruggirello1, Guillermo Ortiz1, Alyssa
Roudebush5, Paulina Agostini2
1 Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas,
CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina. 2 Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina. 3 Institute of Science and Technology of Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria. 4 Universidad de Morón, Buenos
Aires, Argentina. 5 School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA.
Understory biomass and diversity on human-degraded sites are important aspects for understanding habitat productivity and vegetation dynamics
of terrestrial ecosystems to take action with restoration measures. Shrubs became relevant as potential nurse plants for other plants under the context
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Berberis microphylla shrubs on understory plantbiomass and understory species frequency in thesouthernmost native forests (Nothofagus antarctica), of Argentina disturbed by fire and cattle. Plant
biomass and species frequency were recorded
under and outside B. microphylla shrubs (n=44) inthree different forest sites. The plant biomass wascollected with a 650 cm2 quadrat, dried in the lab,and separated into dead and alive (differentiating
woody, ferns, forbs, and grasses), which were subsequently weighed. Understory species frequency wasevaluated in situ on a 45cm-transect under andoutside the shrub, using the point intercept method every 5 cm. The accumulation of dead biomass
was similar inside and outside the canopy. The only
groups that showed differences in alive biomass
were forbs and ferns which were higher under the
shrubs compared to the out-of-shrub condition(p=P.01 and p=P.1, respectively). There was a higher frequency of forbs under the shrubs than outside(p=P.33), and higher woody plants outside than inside (p<P.01). There were no differences in species
richness (p=0.853). The most frequent species under the shrub canopy were Osmorhiza chilensis andCerastium arvense, two forest specialist species.
Outside shrubs, the native palatable grass Bromus
unioloides, and the resprouting B. microphylla weremore abundant (p<P.5). Our results highlight theimportance of thorny shrubs growing naturally indegraded ecosystems. These shrubs act as nurse
plants contributing to understory biomass accumulation under their canopies and play a crucial role inconserving habitat conditions for species sensitive
to herbivory and extreme weather exposure (e.g.,
solar radiation).

major factors leading to the degradation and lossof natural and semi-natural elements in agricultural landscapes. These non-crop habitats can serve
as ecological refuges, which integrate the goals of
biodiversity conservation and sustainable food production in agroecoystems. Therefore, they need tobe conserved or restored to enhance the resilienceand resistance of agricultural systems against biodiversity loss and socio-ecological changes. Notably,
linear landscape elements (LE) are high-biodiversity features that must be increased in fragmented
agricultural lands to facilitate species movement
and provide a variety of ecosystem services. However, in the context of environmental accounting
procedures, there is still a need for a comprehensive
methodology to evaluate the condition of LE and of
the hosting agroecosystems. This research therefore
aims to (i) propose a method for a thorough assessment of LE conditions, with a focus on their capacity
to support biodiversity, (ii) investigate the potential
influence of external factors on LE conditions, suchas proximity to protected habitats and the governance framework, and (iii) identify useful parameters to guide ecological restoration actions for LE.
Using various structural, compositional, and landscape indicators, the proposed assessment method was tested in eight administrative units across
two Mediterranean European countries. In the study
sites, favorable LE conditions were closely linked tocontiguity to protected habitats, exhibiting marked
structural continuity, a prevalence of trees, active
dynamics, and high-quality surrounding landscapemosaics. The potential applications of these findings
have been explored in the context of ecosystem accounting and ecological restoration processes.

P.1486 Linear habitats asplant ecological refuges
in fragmented agriculturallandscapes: a method for
condition assessment
Simone Valeri1, María F. Schmitz2, Belén
Acosta-Gallo2, Duilio Iamonico1, María
Villodre2, Cecilia Arnáiz-Schmitz2, Giulia
Capotorti1
1 Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 2 Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
In Mediterranean Europe, both the intensification andabandonment of traditional cultural practices are754

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S.163. THE NEW VALUE OF SCIENTIFIC
PUBLICATIONS IN THE DIGITAL AGE
P.1487 How to contributeto liberate data frompublications and makethem widely available
Jonas Castro1, Donat Agosti2
1 Plazi, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 2 Plazi,Bern, Switzerland.
In the digital age, taxonomic data can be extracted from scientific publications and turned into FAIR
data - findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable information. Then, this data is deposited inseveral internet repositories focused on different
aspects of biodiversity. TreatmentBank (TB) is aservice provided by Plazi to liberate data related totaxonomic treatments from scholarly publications,and convert, enhance, link, store, and disseminate
it as FAIR data. Information extracted and liberated
by Plazi is a source to Biodiversity Literature Repository (BLR) — a biodiversity information community
in Zenodo — which mints persistent identifiers to thedata, as well as compose datasets of articles andgeographic distribution occurrences to Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Collaborators

and all the scientific community can be part of Plazi’s mission of supporting and promoting the development of persistent and openly accessible digitaltaxonomic literature by using the searching tools
provided and reusing the information that is available in various formats. Through Plazi’s database,users may find several information regarding taxonomic treatments, that is, any taxonomic name associated with specific information such as descriptions, distributions, materials citations, synonymic
lists, images, tables, and bibliographic references.
Plazi has also a text-based, certificate granting
online learning material for individual extractions.
Data extraction consists in (1) searching for a specific information inside a document; (2) highlighting and analyzing it; and (3) making it available
in other repositories or formats. Users can employ
Plazi data to assess their own contribution to biodiversity knowledge, or create dashboards about any
researcher, journal, institution, or taxonomic groupthat had information extracted by Plazi members
and collaborators. Furthermore, Plazi hosts a community repository on Github that is the go-to open
hub for external contributions, where users canpost comments or requests that are addressed by
the Plazi team as soon as possible.

S.164. THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF
MODERN PLANT DIVERSITY: INSIGHTS FROMMULTIPLE DISCIPLINES
P.1488 Deciphering
the genomes of theallopolyploid species
Phalaris minor L. (2n=28)
Faiz Ahmad1, Nirupan Vipulnanthan2
1 Biology Department, Brandon University, Brandon,
Canada. 2 College of Health Sciences, University ofAlberta, Edmonton, Canada.

It has been suggested that Phalaris minor (2n=28),
an annual species related to canary seedgrass P.
canariensis, is an allopolyploid hybrid of two other
Phalaris species. Previous cytogenetic analyses ininterspecific hybrids have shown that P. coerulescens was one of the parents present in P. minor.
In the present genetic analysis, RAPD markers,
genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and somatic chromosome cytology were used to determine
the other parental species (of putative species
P. paradoxa, P. brachystachys, P. truncata and P.
caneriensis) present in P. minor, while confirm-755

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ing P. coerulescens as one of the parents. RAPD
markers based genetic similarities between P.
minor and other species were higher for P. paradoxa and P. coerulescens, (0.36 and 0.33, respectively), while relatively lower for P. brachystachys,
P. truncata and P. canariensis (0.11, 0.14, and 0.10,
respectively). GISH analysis (along with reverse
GISH) showed strong signals of P. paradoxa genome hybridizing to a subset of P. minor chromosomes. Additionally, somatic karyotype of P. minor
clearly showed the presence of large and small
chromosomes characteristic of P. coerulescens
and P. paradoxa, respectively. The results of thesestudies, thus, clearly identify P. coerulescens andP. paradoxa as the genome donors to P. minor.

study enhances our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that drive plant diversity, especially in lineages undergoing rapid diversification. By integrating molecular phylogenetics withpopulation genomics, our research sheds light on
the intricate interplay between mating systems,
genetic drift, and hybridisation in the evolution ofmodern plant diversity.

P.1490 How does selfing
affect the pace and processof speciation?
Lucas Marie-Orleach1,2, Sylvain Glémin2,3,Marie K Brandrud1, Anne K Brysting4, Abel
Gizaw1, A Lovisa S Gustafsson1, Loren H
Rieseberg5, Christian Brochmann1, Siri
Birkeland1,6

P.1489 Dissecting theimpact of mating systems
and genetic diversity in
Euphrasia: insights intomodern plant evolution

1 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway. 2 CNRS, Université de Rennes, Rennes,
France. 3 Department of Ecology and Genetics,
Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 4 Centre for Ecological and
Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 5 Departmentof Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
6 Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology andFood Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.

Yanqian Ding1,2, Pete Hollingsworth2, Alex
Twyford1,2
1 Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2 Royal Botanical Garden,
Edinburgh, UK.
The evolution of modern plant diversity is intricately linked to the dynamics of mating systems
and genetic diversity. This study investigates thegenus Euphrasia, known for its rapid speciationand diverse mating strategies, to understandthese factors’ roles in shaping plant diversification. We focus on a comparative analysis of
Euphrasia micrantha, a predominantly selfing
species, and E. arctica, a mixed-mating species,
exploring their genetic structures, diversity, andruns of homozygosity. Our results indicate that
E. micrantha, despite its high inbreeding levels,
maintains nucleotide diversity comparable to thegenetically more diverse E. arctica. This suggeststhat occasional outcrossing events may play a
crucial role in preserving genetic diversity within
selfing species. Additionally, the pronounced genetic structure observed in E. micrantha is consistent with expectations for selfing species. The
runs of homozygosity analysis in both species
reveal a full spectrum of demographic history
related to inbreeding, indicating complex evolutionary strategies for sustaining diversity. This

Surprisingly little attention has been given to theimpact of selfing on speciation, even thoughselfing reduces gene flow between populations
and affects other key population genetics parameters. We reviewed recent theoretical workand compiled empirical data from crossing experiments and genomic and phylogenetic studies to assess the effect of mating systems on thespeciation process. In accordance with theoretical predictions, we found that accumulation of
hybrid incompatibilities seems to be accelerated in selfers, but there is so far limited empiricalsupport for a predicted bias towards underdominant loci. Phylogenetic evidence is scarce andcontradictory, including studies suggesting that
selfing either promotes or hampers speciation
rate. Further studies are therefore required, whichin addition to measures of reproductive barrier
strength and selfing rate should routinely include
estimates of demographic history and genetic
divergence as a proxy for divergence time.

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P.1491 A novel
environmental dataset
compilation pipeline
to identify potential
environmental drivers of
insular woodinessare most strongly correlated with insular woodiness.
These findings support the hypothesis of increased
drought protection and provide valuable insights
into the drivers of this enigmatic island syndrome.

L.S. Jansen1, R.F.A. Brewer1,2, F.P. Lens1,3, L.M.
Valente1,2
1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. 2 Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, theNetherlands. 3 Leiden Universiteit, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Island systems have fascinated evolutionary biologists ever since the voyages of Darwin and Wallace,and are widely recognized for their scientific value.
Given their isolation from the eco-evolutionary processes shaping continental communities, islands
have given rise to the evolution of many distinct
morphological patterns, also referred to as ‘island
syndromes’. Among angiosperm lineages on islands, a striking difference can be observed in stem
woodiness in comparison to their continental relatives. This phenomenon is termed ‘insular woodiness’(the evolution of woodiness in a herbaceous lineage
following island colonisation). Several hypotheses
have been proposed to explain the development ofwoodiness in an insular context, including: (1) competition for capturing sunlight between herbaceouscolonizing lineages, (2) a favourable, aseasonal climate and, more recently, (3) the increased protection of woody stems against drought-related stress.
Using 835 angiosperm species native to the CanaryIslands (~60% of the total flora), the archipelago withthe highest insular woody species richness globally, we address the environmental drivers of insularwoodiness. Here, a novel bioinformatics pipeline is
introduced to construct a dataset of environmental
variables for hundreds of plant species. The pipeline consists of: (1) automatic extraction of locality
data from the GBIF repository, (2) subsequent cleaning of locality data to filter out spatially erroneous
occurrences, (3) the extraction of environmental
variables for occurrences based on heterogeneous
data sources and (4) aggregation of values froman occurrence-level to a species-level.Furthermore,
we use multivariate statistical modelling on the resulting environmental dataset to investigate which
environmental variables are linked to insular woodiness. The results show that topographic complexity, geographic range size, and annual precipitation

P.1492 Did European larch(Larix decidua) survive the
Holocene in Central Europe?
Combining paleoecology
and phylogeography
Martin Prach1, Tomáš Fér1, Pavel Bednář2,
Petr Pokorný3, Kristýna Hošková1
1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic. 2 Research Station of Silviculture in Opočno, Forestry and GameManagement Research Institute, Opočno, Czech
Republic. 3 Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles
University and the Czech Academy of Sciences,
Prague, Czech Republic.
European larch (Larix decidua) is a common
conifer tree species of high biological and economical value. Over the Holocene, its distribution
range was gradually shrinking until it got artificially expanded by common forestry plantationsin the last about 300 years. Its genetic structure,
post-glacial range dynamics, and consequently
also the nativity status are therefore difficult tounderstand. The native range of larch as recently
assumed includes its core in the Alps as well as
scattered populations in the Carpathians (Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Romania), the eastern Sudetes (Czech Republic) and Polish lowlands. Particularly these marginal populations, which canbe considered Holocene refugia, are the mostaffected by artificial genetic mixing and considerably understudied. Paleoecological researchbrought up the possibility that larch might havesurvived in Czechia also outside of the small region where it is traditionally considered to be native. This hypothesis was supported by findings ofpollen grains spanning the majority of the Holocene at several sites in northern Bohemia. Additionally, we analysed Czech populations of larchusing nuclear microsatellite markers in order todescribe their genetic structure and origin. We
also aim to detect the potentially refugial populations. Our findings may cause the current native
range of the European larch to be re-evaluatedand have already an effect on forestry practices
and nature conservation in the Czech Republic.

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P.1493 Karyotype
diversification andevolution in Iberian
representatives of Silene(Caryophyllaceae) with
sex chromosomes

P.1494 Revolutionizing biodiversity conservation in
the mountainous regions:
Harnessing the power ofartificial intelligence andbig data,

Rubén Ramírez-Rodríguez1, João Rocha2,3,
Antonio L. Crespí2,4, Francisco Amich1

Saddam Saqib1, Fazal Ullah1, You-Cai
Xiong1

1 Evolution, Taxonomy and Conservation Group, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Universityof Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 2 Herbarium, Department of Biology and Environment, University of
Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. 3
Chemistry Center-Vila Real, University of Trás-osMontes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. 4 Centre
for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trásos-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. rubenrr2608@gmail.com

1State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement
and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.

Dioecism is a rare phenomenon among angiosperms although dioecy evolved several times
through independent events. There are few examples of plant families with the presence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Caryophyllaceae
presents dioecious species with heteromorphic
sex chromosomes within the genus Silene. Here,
we reported karyological data on the four closely
related species of Silene section Elisanthe represented in the Iberian Peninsula, being the firsttime for S. marizii. We conducted several scatterplots between numeric variable pairs, a principal
component analysis (PCA) and an UPGMA cluster
analysis. The different karyotypes could be arranged in a series from the moderately asymmetrical to less asymmetrical. Based on their karyotypes, the species of the section Elisanthe could
be classified into three groups: 1A, 2A, and 2B. The
karyotypes were simply insufficiently different todistinguish between species as showed the scatter plots, PCA and UPGMA dendrogram. Minimum
differences in karyotype formula and asymmetry
indices among the study species were observed
and no significant differences were also obtained
for sex chromosomes. Our results supported therecent origin and the earliest stages of differentiation of the Silene sex chromosomes.

Biodiversity conservation is a complex and pressing
global challenge that requires effective management of vast amount of data. The emergence of big
data and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)offer unprecedented opportunities to revolutionize
biodiversity conservation efforts. This study aims to
explore the potential applications of AI in managing
and analyzing big data for biodiversity conservation.
We discuss the potential of AI and big data techniques in identifying threatened species, protection
areas, habitat monitoring, species identification anddistribution models to address conservation challenges and enhance decision-making processes.
Our findings show that AI techniques can help in
arranging and analyzing the species occurrence
records, elevation data, and environmental factors
by automatically extracting relevant informationand generating standardize databases. AI techniques can help in species identification and classification through image recognition and machinelearning, predictive modeling and habitat suitability
mapping through machine learning algorithms, anddata driven decision making by analyzing complex
relationships within plant distribution data. Furthermore, AI techniques can guide detection of invasive
species by analyzing remote sensing data, such as
satellite imagery or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
data, shifts in plant distribution patterns such as
habitat loss and threats to plant species. This study
also highlighted future directions and opportunitiesof big data and AI, suggesting the need of data integration from different sources such as, real-timemonitoring, designing predictive models and identifying genetic markers to suggest breeding programs for endangered species. This study suggeststhat harnessing AI techniques and big data can accurately explore biodiversity of the global hotspotsof the world.

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P.1495 Tracing origins
of a flora and drivers ofspeciation in a center ofoverlooked complexity in a
North American biodiversity
hotspot

P.1496 Trait space assemblyand evolution in the flora of
the Canary Islands
Wolf H. Wildpret Martín1, Sarah-SophieWeil1, Patrick Weigelt1, Holger Kreft1
1 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen,Germany.

Elizabeth White1, Pamela Soltis2, Douglas
Soltis1
1 Department of Biology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, USA. 2 Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA.
The Gulf Coastal Plain is a unique region within the
North American Coastal Plain (NACP), which is the36th recognized biodiversity hotspot in the world.
This region exemplifies the unique nature of theSoutheastern United States as a biogeographic
model– lacking stark elevational changes or clear
barriers to gene flow but high in floristic diversity andendemism. In lieu of the lack of elevational change,
the complexity of the processes having led to themodern assembly of floristic communities in the
Florida Panhandle have been overlooked. This study
catalogs what is known about this region’s high plant
diversity and endemism by presenting a review ofbiogeographic affinities as inferred from existing
molecular data at the phylogenetic and phylogeographic levels. We trace the affinities of the modern
flora of the Gulf Coastal Plain to multiple biogeographic locations including South America, Eastern
Asia, and Western North America, and additionallyhighlight the understudied role of recent diversification events in contributing to the region’s high diversity. These findings showcase the diverse composition and history of the region. It represents a crucial
geographic location that is a site of climatic refugia,
as well as an area housing a number of recent radiations across widely-spanning angiosperm groups.
We parse the origins and drivers of this “mixed endemism” in the Florida Panhandle in a novel suite ofanalyses which integrate existing molecular data,
spatial models of elevational heterogeneity, andecological processes such as fire disturbance. This
work provides a path forward for conservation ofthis region generally, while also moving towards a
better understanding of how ecosystem-level management can best take place in an area that is sorichly mosaiced with multiple distinct plant communities with varying evolutionary histories, separatedby small changes in microclimate and/or topology.

After the first characterization of the trait space of an
oceanic island flora (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain)
the next frontier lies at extending the analysis to thewhole of the Canary Islands. With this project wetherefore aim to create a complete trait databasefor the flora of the whole archipelago covering eight
fundamental plant traits (leaf area, leaf dry matter
content, lead dry mass, leaf thickness, leaf nitrogencontent, stem specific density, seed mass and maximum plant height). This will allow to test important
theories of island biogeography at the archipelagolevel, thus advancing functional island biogeography. Using this database, we expect to be able toreconstruct the assembly of the trait space andfunctional diversity over evolutionary time scales byconducting ancestral trait reconstruction on selected lineages, taking advantage of the extensive phylogenetic work done on the flora of the Canary Islands. By including three additional root traits to thetrait database of Tenerife we will evaluate drivers oftrait space assembly in belowground traits and interactions with aboveground traits. Finally, we aim
at characterizing the same eight functional traits forthe invasive flora of Tenerife to better understandthe trait space dynamics which unfold during biological invasions. Through this ongoing project, wehope to advance our understanding of functionalisland biogeography in the Canary Islands and inoceanic archipelagos in general. We expect to contribute to the knowledge on the processes shaping
ecosystem functioning and assembly processes atlarge spatial and temporal scales and to aid in thedevelopment of new research in this field.

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S.165. THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF
PALMS (ARECACEAE)
P.1497 Analyze the leaf
production rate in cultivatedwild palms
Angel Castillo1, Rodrigo Bernal2

P.1498 Bactris (Arecaceae)
in the Atlantic Forest:
challenges andperspectives
Mariana M. Lira¹, Larry R. Noblick², Reyjane
P. Oliveira¹

1 Universidad del Quindío. Facultad de Ciencias
Básicas y Tecnológicas, Armenia, Colombia. 2 Jardín Botánico del Quindío, Calarcá, Colombia.
Palms play a crucial role in Colombia’s tropical rural communities. As a family, their economic importance is only surpassed by grasses and possibly matched by legumes. However, beyond theireconomic value, palms generate significant scientific interest in various fields, such as understanding their growth, which is essential for their effective management and conservation. Hence, thisstudy was focused on estimating the leaf production rate in 200 species of Colombian wild palms
at different stages of development. The study was
conducted in two research sites: the Quindío Botanical Garden and the Guadualito Natural Reserve in the Quindío department. Through four
semiannual readings, variables such as palm development stage (seedling, juvenile, or adult), totalsize, number of expanded leaves, number of rings,
and segments were recorded. Results revealed
significant variations in leaf production rate according to palm development stage. Seedlings
showed a constant increase in leaf number, while
the leaf production rate stabilized during the juvenile-adult transition. In the adult stage, a decreasein growth rate and stabilization in leaf production
were observed, with energy redirected towards reproduction. These findings underscore the importance of understanding palm growth dynamics
for their proper management and conservation,
providing valuable information for tools such as
dendrochronology, allowing for the estimation of
species age and future in situ comparisons. Moreover, there is a need for further research to better
understand the complexities of growth and its impact on tropical ecosystems.

,

1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feirade Santana, Brazil. 2 Montgomery Botanical Center,
Miami, USA.
Bactris is a monophyletic palm genus with Neotropical distribution and ca. 79 species are present in humid forests in South and Central America, as well as
in some higher regions in the Andes. There are about
43 species of this genus in Brazil, of which 12 arepresent in the Atlantic Forest. This group has many
specific delimitation problems with “over-description” of species in some cases. The last taxonomic
treatment of the group was part of the NeotropicalFlora and included 73 species with an estimate ofother new taxa. Currently, much of what is known
about Bactris involves studies in the Amazon, but
species that occur in other Brazilian areas still haveknowledge gaps, as is the case in the Atlantic Forest.
In addition to the scarcity of studies, the difficulty incollecting specimens means that the group is undersampled, with few representatives in herbaria,
several of them erroneously or incompletely collected. Furthermore, collections are concentrated
in the same regions with many unsampled forest
areas. The objective of this work was to carry out integrative studies in Bactris to update its taxonomy
and geographical distribution in the Atlantic Forest. At least 350 specimens from physical herbaria
were analyzed, and 23 specimens were collectedin three collection expeditions. As a result, we confirmed the occurrence of 14 species in the Atlantic
Forest, including B. hirta and B. glaucescens, whichwere limited in distribution to the Amazon Forest
and Cerrado, respectively, according to the Floraof Brazil. Thus, the richness of Bactris in the Atlantic
Forest can be considered potentially greater thanpreviously known. Therefore, more collection effort isfundamental for better understanding the species
boundaries and distributions, as well as for the establishment of conservation strategies.

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P.1499 Unravelling
ecological speciation: therole of plant-mycorrhizal
associations in Howea
palms of Lord Howe Islanda deeper understanding of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms driving speciation in plant-mycorrhizal associations, with potential implications forapplied ecology, agriculture, and our broader understanding of ecosystem functioning and biodiversity
maintenance.

Kyle Macleod1, Martin Bidartondo1,2, Colin
Turnbull1, Roger Butlin3, Ian Sanders4, Ian
Hutton5, Vincent Savolainen1
1 Imperial College London, London, UK. 2 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond, UK. 3 University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. 4 University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
Switzerland. 5 Lord Howe Island Museum, Australia.
This study proposes a novel mechanism for ecological speciation, focusing on the role of plant-mycorrhizal associations in driving local adaptation andplant species divergence, using Howea palms as amodel system. By integrating field ecology, molecular systematics, and genomics, the research aims to
elucidate the dynamics of sympatric speciation in
Howea palms, with a particular emphasis on the coevolutionary interactions between plants and their
mycorrhizal fungal partners. The study aims to reveal
the significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in shaping
plant evolution and speciation processes. By examining the Howea palms, which are endemic to the isolated Lord Howe Island and exhibit sympatric speciation
across different soil types, the research seeks to uncover the mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to environmental conditions mediated by mycorrhizal associations. Specifically, the study investigates
how coevolutionary interactions between plants andarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contribute to theamplification of habitat differences, leading to strong
local adaptation and reproductive isolation. Throughcomprehensive analyses of mycorrhizal diversity, differential gene expression, and genotype-environment
interactions in Howea palms and AMF, the researchaims to provide insights into the processes driving
ecological speciation. By using a PacBio approach
to characterize the distinct communities of AMF associated with each Howea species and elucidating
the co-orchestration of genes involved in local adaptation between plants and their fungal partners,
the study aims to uncover the mechanisms underlying species divergence. Furthermore, by conducting
common garden experiments to assess the fitness of
hybrid palms and examining their ability to establish
AMF associations, the research seeks to evaluate therole of mycorrhizal interactions in hybrid fitness andspeciation outcomes. Overall, this study contributes toP.1500 A revision on the
fruit circularity distinction
between two palm species
from South America
Renan R. Ribeiro1, Miklos M. Bajay1, Eduardo
M. Trajano2, Enéas R. Konzen2, Kaliana
Ferreira2
1 Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centrode Educação Superior da Região Sul, Laguna, Brazil.
2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos,Imbé, Brazil.
Butia catarinensis and B. odorata are two threatened
palm species of South America. B. catarinensisis classified as endangered in Santa Catarina (SC), criticallyendangered in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and it is endemic of these two states of southern Brazil. Otherwise, B. odorata is distributed from Uruguay to RS, but
is endangered in the latter. The fruits of these species
have differences in many characters, including circularity. While the fruits of B. catarinensis are describedas ovoid, those from B. odorata are usually characterized as globose, rarely globose/ovoid. This researchis toward revising these descriptions. Butia fruits werecollected in the summer of 2022. In total, we harvested
fruits of 29 reproductive individuals randomly selected and georeferenced: 10 of B. odorata, from Palmares
do Sul (RS), and 19 of B. catarinensis,10 from Osório(RS) and 9 from Laguna (SC). From each accession,
100 fruits were collected. The fruits were then photographed with a smartphone separately for each individual, using software SmartGrain to determine measurements based on the scale provided for circularity.
To summarize the data, violin+boxplot graphs werecreated in R using ggplot2 package. The highest values of circularity were found in fruits of B. catarinensis.
Furthermore, the highest mean was found in the Osório’s population and some of the lowest circularities
were from B. odorata. It indicates that there are globose fruits of B. catarinensis and that fruits of B. odoratacan be ovoid, even more than its kin. Moreover,the standard deviation of the circularity is higher in
Laguna’s population (0,033). Our results suggest that761

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our attention to further genetic diversity investigationin population of Laguna.

S.166. THE ROLE OF AGMATOPLOIDY ANDSYMPLOIDY FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF
FLOWERING PLANTS WITH HOLOCENTRIC
CHROMOSOMES
P.1501 Haplotype-specificchromosome painting
allows precise crossover
detection in the holocentric
plant Rhynchospora
breviuscula (Cyperaceae)
Thiago Nascimento1, André Marques1
1 Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck
Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
Rhynchospora Vahl genus (beaksedges) comprise~381 accepted species with a worldwide distribution.
Hitherto, all the species with their karyotype analyzed
are composed of holocentric chromosomes, with centromere activity being diffused along the entire lengthof the chromosomes. Recently, our group reported thefirst insights about the dynamics of meiotic recombination in a plant species with repeat-based holocentromeres. Here, we developed haplotype-specific oli-go-FISH probes for chr1, chr2 and chr3 based on theavailable haplotype-phased genome assembly of thebeaksedge R. breviuscula (n = 5), aiming to better understand the patterns of meiotic recombination using
homologous-specific chromosome painting. Each setof probes was labeled with different fluorophores andthen in situ hybridized in reference plants and in 10 different individuals from a F1 generation of self-crossed
reference plants. Our results allowed us the correct
identification of both haplotypes from chr1, chr2 andchr3 in the reference plant and the meiotic crossover
points that happened among the recombined F1 plants.
Our results corroborate previous results from single cell
recombination map and further allows to understandhow these regions change among the crossed individuals. The approach used here to investigate the recombination in R. breviuscula is very efficient for analyzing the distribution of the meiotic crossovers in different
generations. Furthermore, these sets of haplotype-specific probes will be a powerful tool to investigate theprocess of inverted meiosis, the mechanism pointed as
the major responsible for the allowing correct chromosome segregation during meiosis in holocentric plants.

S.167. THE ROLE OF RESEARCHINFRASTRUCTURE TO ADVANCE BOTANICALKNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH
P.1502 Best practices
for biodiversity data
management
Andrés Aguilar1, Paulette I. Naulin1
1 Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Biodiversity data contained in repositories are scattered and in different formats. The solution to thisproblem lies in the integration of data into open
science platforms such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which is currently themost important international biodiversity data infrastructure. The Darwin Core (DwC) standard is acommon language that enables the automation

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quality of primary data can be improved throughstandardization and data collection. This study proposes a guideline for data management to ensure
maximum quality, from data collection in the field toprocessing in the office. A set of 2,372 primary flora
data was standardized to DwC format. These were
subjected to the necessary processes for publication in GBIF, identifying the main gaps. 26 basic fields
were selected for field data collection to maximize
data quality. Five processes for data quality management were identified: structuring, direct mapping, validation, indirect mapping and cleaning. In
addition, commonly used tools and programs fordata processing were described. The use of controlled vocabulary or the use of the DwC standard
in field data collection reduces subsequent data
manipulation, avoids errors and therefore reduces
the investment of time and resources. Ensuring minimum information such as the datum with which thecoordinates were taken, is necessary to add quality
in georeferencing processes such as the calculation of uncertainty. The proposal of good practices
for field collection and data processing allows maximizing the quality of data reported to GBIF.

P.1503 Unlocking botanicalinsights: specimens’ digital
twins and collaborative
curation in DiSSCo research
infrastructure

cornerstones of DiSSCo’s strategic and innovation
program is the concept of “specimens’ digital twins.”
These digital twins serve as digital surrogates of their
physical counterparts, bridging the gap between the
traditional and digital realms of botanical research.
Furthermore, this digital twinning approach fosters acollaborative community curation model that transcends institutional, national and language boundaries. It facilitates the pooling of expert resourcesfrom diverse locations, thereby transforming theconventional practice of institutionally restricted curation into a shared and inclusive community-driven
model. In this talk we will delve into the multifaceted
impact of DiSSCo’s research infrastructure on advancing botanical knowledge. We will explore how
the integration of digital twins and community curation models are reshaping research, offering new
possibilities for collaboration, knowledge dissemination, and biodiversity conservation.

P.1504 Non-glandular
trichomes of sunflower areimportant in the absorption
and translocation of foliarapplied Zn
Cui Li1, Jingtao Wu2, F. Pax C. Blamey2, Linlin
Wang1, Lina Zhou1, David J. Paterson3,
Antony van der Ent2, Victoria Fernández4,
Enzo Lombi5, Yuheng Wang1, Peter M.
Kopittke2

Wouter Addink1, Quentin Groom2, Dimitris
Koureas1

1 Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of
Ecology and Environment, Xi’an, China. 2 The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture andFood Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia. 3
Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
4 School of Forest Engineering, Forest Genetics andEcophysiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 5 University of South
Australia, Future Industries Institute, Mawson Lakes,
South Australia, Australia.

1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands. 2
Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan Meise, Belgium.
DiSSCo is a world-class European Research Infrastructure comprising 175 natural science collection
institutions across 23 countries. It has embarked
on a journey to revolutionise botanical researchthrough innovative approaches to digitization, mobilisation, and accessibility of European natural science collections. Central to DiSSCo’s mission is theacceleration of knowledge production in the realmof global biodiversity. By employing a distributed infrastructure model, DiSSCo will make both physicalspecimens and their digital counterparts accessible to scientists and researchers worldwide. This
ambitious objective aligns seamlessly with Target
21 of the Global Biodiversity Framework. One of the

Trichomes are potentially important for absorption of foliar fertilizers. A study has shown thatthe non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) accumulated high concentrations of foliar-applied zinc (Zn); however,
the mechanisms of Zn accumulation in the NGTs
and the fate of this Zn are unclear. Here we investigated how foliar-applied Zn accumulates in
the NGTs and the subsequent translocation of thisZn. Time-resolved synchrotron-based X-ray flu-763

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orescence microscopy and transcriptional analyses were used to probe the movement of Zn in
the NGTs, with the cuticle composition of the NGTs
examined using confocal Raman microscopy. The
accumulation of Zn in the NGTs is both an initial
preferential absorption process and a subsequenttranslocation process. This preferred absorption is
likely because the NGT base has a higher hydrophilicity, whilst the subsequent translocation is dueto the presence of plasmodesmata, Zn-chelating
ligands, and Zn transporters in the NGTs. Furthermore, the Zn sequestered in the NGTs was eventually translocated out of the trichome once the leaf
Zn concentration had decreased, suggesting that
the NGTs are also important in maintaining leaf
Zn homeostasis. This study demonstrates for the
first time that trichomes have a key structural andfunctional role in the absorption and translocationof foliar-applied Zn.

P.1505 Diagnosis of
the quality of primarybiodiversity data publishedin GBIF Chileknowledge. Efforts were made to address issues
that hinder the usability of geospatial, date, andtaxonomic data, while recognizing the significant
contribution of these institutions to advancing
biodiversity knowledge. In conclusion, the findings
highlighted notable cases for enhancing data usability, particularly concerning geospatial issues
such as the absence of datum, which impacts theaccuracy of reported data. Additionally, insights
were gained into challenges associated with datereporting formats and taxonomic information, including gaps in data on highly endemic species in
global databases and underreporting of species’
biogeographic origins by publishers.

P.1506 Advanced plant
retrieval with machinelearning and textual traits:
application to flora of
Taiwan and flora of China
data
De-Kai. Kao1, Chih-Kai Yang2, Chien-Hsing.
Chen3

Marcelo Oyaneder1, Paulette I. Naulin1

1 Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. 2
Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
3 Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.

1 Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Ensuring the availability of data in public repositories is essential to facilitate further research anddecision-making processes. Adhering to the FAIR
principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) can enhance the fitness foruse of data, commonly referred to as data quality.
However, the importance of proper data management is often underestimated during the curation
process, leading to a decline in data quality. A
total of 63 different datasets sourced from Chilean institutions in GBIF were analyzed, resulting in
435,439 data occurrence points. To assess data
quality, information was categorized based oncommon issues identified in GBIF’s “Issues & Flags”
categories. The geospatial category exhibited thehighest concentration of issues, accounting for
84% of all tags. This was followed by date-related
issues (7.5%), issues related to the GBIF ScientificCollections Registry (GRSciColl) (5%), uncategorized issues (3.3%), taxonomic issues (0.64%), andvocabulary-related issues (P.3%). An analysis focusing on the spatial component of the data underscored the valuable contributions made bypublic and research institutions to biodiversity

In the field of botanical research, the precise identification of plant species was crucial. Traditional
methods, although effective, often necessitate extensive field expertise and can be time-consuming. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel
approach that utilizes textual descriptions to speed
up the identification of plant species. This methodology not only streamlines the process but also
makes it more accessible to a wider range of users.
Our research capitalizes on the rich biogeographical history between Taiwan and China, where aland bridge during the glacial period facilitated highspecies similarity. We organized 2,675 species textual traits of species from both the Flora of Taiwan
and the Flora of China, creating a comprehensive
dataset suitable for text classification applications.
Utilizing the BERT multilingual base pretrained model, we transformed the complex botanical text into aformat that can be easily interpreted by computers.
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and randomly sampled collection from datasets in
Taiwan and China, ensuring a wide and representative range of textual features. The model’s performance was evaluated using separate datasetsfrom Taiwan and China, with a focus on F1-score
to assess its effectiveness. In our evaluations, themodel achieved an F1-score of 89.76% for the Taiwan dataset and 96.64% for the China dataset. According to the results, they provide a solid foundation for developing a system that can quickly andaccurately identify plant species by analyzing their
textual traits. This approach not only enhances theuse of botanical literature but also serves as an invaluable tool for researchers, conservationists, andenthusiasts to identify and explore the vast world ofplant species. More importantly, it fosters a deeper
understanding of the diversity and biogeographicalconnections of plants, with the hope of making contributions to the field of botanical science.

S.168. THE SPECIAL AND ENDURING VALUE OF
MODEL CLADES IN EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY
P.1507 Extrafloral nectary
evolution is associatedwith leaf traits and water
availability
Luana S. Prochazka1,2, Suzana Alcantara3,
Juliana Gastaldello Rando4, Anselmo
Nogueira2
1 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo, Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo
do Campo, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil. 4 Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Brasil.
Herbivory is a widespread phenomenon, and someplants have evolved biotic defense, like extrafloral
nectaries (EFNs), to attract predators, most ants,
against herbivores. In addition to the herbivores’
presence, other factors, such as water availability
and leaf structure, could modify the evolution of
EFNs. In this study, we utilized phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate whether the EFNs
evolution in a Chamaecrista (Fabaceae) lineage
occurring in xeric environments is integrated
with the evolution of leaf structure and whether the water availability modifies this integration.
We predicted the evolution of larger EFNs would
be associated with the evolution of leaves with ahigher investment of leaf mass per unit of area
(LMA). Also, we predicted that plants with larger
EFNs would evolve under higher water availability.
Our results revealed that EFNs and leaf structure
vary greatly among species, with plant species
with the largest EFNs up to 63 times larger than
the smallest EFNs and some leaves up to 9 times

more LMA than others. As expected, a positive evolutionary correlation exists between EFN size and
LMA, indicating that the evolution of EFNs occurs
in coordination with leaf traits and, consequently,
leaves with higher LMA evolved a more increased
investment in biotic defense. Also, the positive
correlation between EFN size and water availability evidenced that the arid environment is probably prohibitive to ant-EFN interactions. In contrast,
large and small EFNs can evolve under more water. Thus, our results indicate that the evolution of
ant-plant protection mutualism is influenced byenvironmental resource limitations. These findings
corroborate that arid environments increase EFN
costs and decrease their value as a plant defensive strategy. However, other evolutionary forces
may drive the EFNs’ evolution when the resource
availability barrier is overcome.

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S.169. TOWARDS A MORE ETHICAL SCIENCE:
DECOLONIZING BOTANICAL RESEARCH
P.1508 Strategies to designand develop substantial air
quality gardens for urban
air pollution abatement toremove particulate matter

P.1509 Addressing offensive
plant common names at
the U.S. Botanic Garden

Moumita Basu1

1 United States Botanic Garden, Washington, USA.

1 Department of Botany, Kalna College, West Bengal, India.

The words we use to communicate can ensure a successful transmission of our intentions or result in ouraudience disengaging or being offended. Many scientific communities are reevaluating the words we
use to talk about discovery and species diversity. Plant
names and stories are sometimes linked to racism,
antisemitism, colonialism, or other offensive or difficult
topics. Botanic gardens, which operate at the intersection of plant science, horticulture, and public engagement, are well-suited to address offensive plantcommon names. We interact with the public aboutplant nomenclature daily, whether actively with programming or passively with plant labels and interpretive signs. The public garden community and our visitors would also benefit from the changing of offensive
scientific names. Replacing and/or interpreting offensive names creates a more welcoming environment
for all visitors. At the U.S. Botanic Garden, we have taken a multi-pronged approach to addressing offensive
plant names and welcoming people to appreciateplants. Our Horticulture team reviewed plant names in
our living collection database with a focus on replacing offensive common names to help ensure publiclabels do not offend employees or visitors or makethem feel unwelcome. As part of our ongoing process to ensure people feel welcome at the Garden, allemployees are invited to flag plant common names
they find problematic or offensive. We share transparent stories of our institutional history, addressing pastpractices we would not support today, and on somegarden tours, we highlight the importance of replacing offensive plant names. Institutions have an opportunity to reach a wider audience by making relatively
small changes to remove offensive plant common
names. This work is a journey, not a single task, andinvolves conversations with garden audiences, local
community members, and subject matter experts tolead to more people feeling welcome in public gardens and the plant sciences.

Devin Dotson1, Amy Highland1, Dr. Susan K.
Pell1

Air pollution is now regarded as an increasingly threatening major environmental risk for human health andthe leading cause of death worldwide. According to
WHO reports, 7 million deaths per year are attributed
to air pollution each year involving almost 99% of the
global population that breathe polluted air. The oneof the most harmful, hazardous and dangerous formsof pollution is caused by the Particulate Matters (0.10- 0.25 nm) consisting of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air which causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In the 21st century, an exponential
growth of urbanization is observed in the metropolitan
cities of India causing continuous and alarming increase of urban air pollution for the last few decades.
Several urban plants like (Ficus bengamina, Swietenia
hondura, Araucaria heterophylla, Couroupita guainensis, Kigellia, Tamarindus indica, Eucalyptus gunnii,
Manilkara zapota) can directly reduce particulates
by absorbing them into the leaves and filters atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NO2) through leaves acting as“the lungs of the Ecosystem “. Planting only tree species is not as much beneficial sometimes if they are
not so well PM absorbers or there is not enough spaceof planting tree species. With the help of Horticopia
Database, i-Tree Species Software and Phyto- Sensor
Toolkit it is concluded that herbs like Aster spp., Salvia
nemorosa, Convolvulus cneorum, Alchemilla mollis,
Euphorbia characias, Hedera helix etc. can take overthose landscapes with their high PM absorbing capacity. Green walls, green screens also enhance thebiodiversity in polluted urban areas. In this scenario, it
is important to design quality gardens in the modern
Indian urban landscapes in which the herbs, shrubs
and trees together can combat the Particulate Matter
levels of a particular geographical area.

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P.1510 Out with offensive
English language plantnames

P.1511 Cultural practices
and taboos of the Gond
community in central India
and their role in sustaining
wild plants

Jaime E. Frye1
1 Newfields, Indianapolis, USA.
Botany is deeply intertwined with the history of colonialism, racism, and imperialism that bleed into
both its everyday and botanical naming. Common names often travel through time with little
consideration as to where they come from or why
we continue to use them. That is due to change. In
2020, the Plant Nomenclature & Taxonomy Community of the American Public Gardens Association in conjunction with the Council on Botanicaland Horticultural Libraries set forth to create aresource providing context for words within existing, currently used English language common
names that hold the potential to be problematic.
Over 30 data contributing North American institutions and 49 individual volunteers donated timeand energy into the development of the initialattempt at this Potentially Problematic Common
Name Project. This body of work can be used as aresource or spark a discussion for English speaking professionals that use, write with, or publish
plant names (botanical or common). This includes herbaria employees, librarians, plant recorders, curators, interpretation specialists, educators, volunteers, and docents – anyone thatinteracts with guests, colleagues, or other professionals using language that has potential for
positivity or harm. Thinking more about the words
used within the botanical profession and its history can create a more rich, inclusive environment
for anyone interacting with public horticulture. A
single project barely scratches the surface, but it
can create a jumping off point to begin holding
the inclusiveness of the language we employ toa higher esteem, to begin the evaluation of thecontent held in the bowels of existing databases,to acknowledge the unjust practices of the past,and to have meaningful conversations aroundlanguage use. Hear the story of this project aboutwords and their power.

,

Nishanth Gurav1, Zbynek Polesny1,
Mohamed Abdul Kareem2
1 Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech Universityof Life Sciences Prague, Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic. 2 The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health
Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India.
In recent years, urbanization is threatening the population of wild plants in central India. To address thesethreats, local stakeholders such as the Forest Department and NGOs are looking for potential solutions
to manage wild plants sustainably. The Gond tribal
community of central India is known to have many
cultural practices and taboos associated with plants
but their indigenous knowledge has been neglectedby the stakeholders. These practices consist of harvesting rules for specific wild plants that could be analyzed to address the problem of particular species’
population decline. This study aims to analyze cultural practices in the context of plant conservation andtheir possible application in regional policies associated with sustainable use and management of local
flora. The study was carried out in Kondagaon district,
Chhattisgarh, India. Five focus group discussions wereconducted in each of the randomly sampled villages.
Each focus group discussion included 10-12 randomly
selected participants, which accounted for total participation of 54 people (29 men and 25 women) aged
between 30 and 80 years. Participatory observation
was used to document the harvest and traditional
processing of food plant species. The Gond community organizes five significant festivals and yearly ceremonies that include use-based restrictions according to the phenology of particular wild plant species.
These cultural activities strictly restrict the use of wild
plants to protect them during fruiting and flowering ofparticular species. During the particular festivals, use
restrictions apply to 30% of the 100 wild edible plant
species documented. The protected species include
shrubs, trees, climbers, and tubers. The study reveals
that cultural restrictions presented positively affect thenatural reproduction of wild useful plants, especiallythe local cultural keystone species. The analysis showsthat indigenous knowledge of the community can be
helpful in sustainable plant management and conservation of wild plants in the region.

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P.1512 Protecting stablebiological nomenclatural
systems enables universal
communication: acollective, international
appealPedro Jiménez-Mejías1*, Saúl Manzano
Rodríguez 2,3,4,**, Vinita Gowda5, FrankThorsten Krell6, Mei-Ying Lin7, Santiago
Martín Bravo1, Laura Martín-Torrijos8,
Gonzalo Nieto Feliner9, Sergei L.
Mosyakin10, Robert F. C. Naczi11, Carmen
Acedo3, Inés Álvarez5, Jorge V. Crisci12,
Modesto Luceño Garcés1, John Manning13,
Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz14, A. Muthama
Muasya15,Ricarda Riina5, Andrea Sánchez
Meseguer5, Daniel Sánchez-Mata16,17, and1383 signatories from 108 countries.
1 Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo
de Olavide, Seville, Spain. 2 Quaternary Palynology
Lab, Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, León,
Spain. 3 Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Campus de Vegazana s/n. Universidad de León, León, Spain. 4 African
Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela
University, Gqeberha, South Africa. 5 Departmentof Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Bhopal, India. 6 Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, U.S.A. 7 Engineering Research Center
for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention andReduction, Mianyang Normal University, Sichuan,
China 8 Department of Mycology, Real Jardín
Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 9 Department of Biodiversity and Conservation. Real Jardín Botánico,
CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 10. M.G. Kholodny Institute ofBotany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kyiv (Kiev), Ukraine. 11 New York Botanical Garden,
Bronx, New York, U.S.A. 12 Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. 13 Compton Herbarium. South African
National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South
Africa. 14 Departamento de Biología, Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 15 Departmentof Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town,
South Africa. 16 Botany Unit, School of Pharmacy,
Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 17
Harvard University Herbaria, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, U.S.A. *pjimmej@gmail.com, pjimmej@
upo.es, **smanzr@unileon.es.

The fundamental value of universal nomenclatural
systems in biology, and the key to their success, is thatthey have enabled unambiguous scientific communication among and across different cultures. Thesesystems are codified in sets of rules for zoology, botany,and other branches of biology. Nomenclatural codes
have been collectively developed for many decades,
providing scientists with rules resulting in a sound andstable biological nomenclature system. Nomenclaturesustains all other natural sciences through its foundational support of taxonomy and systematics, enabling
efficient global communication. We identify four corevalues of our present adaptative nomenclature systems: universality, stability, neutrality, and transculturality. These principles usually are unnoticed and aretaken for granted by scientists and the general public.
Their implicitness has allowed for misunderstandingsthat have fueled a recent, very vocal movement of activism that demand a fairer biological nomenclature
through bulk revisions. We come to the conclusion thatbulk revision will hamper scientific studies across different regions. Therefore, the scientific community should
favour processes that ensure nomenclatural stability,
despite good intentions of those proposing mass revisions. Yet, we readily and explicitly acknowledge thatsocial justice should be a pillar of nomenclature proactively and suggest thoughtfulness in future construction and revision of scientific names. We have ensured
that our initiative is inclusive and has undergone public discussion through an interactive process including
the self-motivated participation of scientists from diverse regions, research backgrounds, and career stages in various languages to understand the impact of
nomenclatural changes on their research and region.
Between November 2023 and January 2024 our plea
for nomenclatural stability has been supported by over
1400 signatories from >100 countries and has received
more than 30,000 reads on ResearchGate.

P.1513 Biopiracy or
knowledge transfer. The
case of Ka’a he’ẽ (Stevia
rebaudiana Bertoni)
María Vera Jiménez1, Luz M. Muñoz
Centeno2, Luis Delgado Sánchez2
1 National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay. 2 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is an herb native toParaguay and South America known as Ka’a he’ẽ768

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Poster presentations(sweet herb) used as a sweetener by the Guarani Indians long before the colonization of America. The leaves are 30 times sweeter than sugar
and the extract obtained is about 300 times more.
The most important market for Stevia today is thefood industry. The world’s largest grower of Stevia
is China. Seventy percent of the total production
is used to extract crystals called Steviosides andRebaudiosides. The objective of this study was torecord the current use of Ka’a He’e in folk medicine and to analyze the inclusion of Paraguay in
the Nagoya Protocol. For this purpose, 40 vendors
were interviewed in the markets of the easternregion of the country, and in particular the use
and form of commercialization of Ka’a he’ ẽ wasrecorded. Ka’a he’ ẽ is marketed in all the markets recorded and its dried leaves and floweringstems are used to treat diabetes, as a slimming,
stomachic, diuretic, sweetener and in infusion ormate for hypertension. Steviosides and rebaudiosides are not extracted in Paraguay. According
to the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable
Development (MADES), the Nagoya Protocol was
not signed or ratified until 2019, so work is being
done to reactivate the process of adopting it
through workshops. Ka’a he’e has had a designation of origin since 2018 and in order to achieve afair and equitable sharing of the benefits arisingfrom the use of genetic resources and traditional
knowledge associated with these resources, it isnecessary for Paraguay to become a party to theProtocol and thus contribute to the conservationand sustainable use of biodiversity and traditional
knowledge.

mate, shaping the unique ethnic cultures throughvarious aspects of life like food, clothing, shelter,and recreation, derived from the utilization of locally nurtured flora. Namasia District in Kaohsiung City is a primary traditional domain of the
Kanakanavu tribe, with the smallest legally recognized indigenous population in Taiwan. Theirunique traditional ecological knowledge, exploredthrough ethnic plants, contributes to cultural advancement. This study first compiled literature on
Kanakanavu ethnic plants and conducted plantsurveys in neighboring areas. Data collection involved participant observation and focused interviews. From April 2023 to February 2024, the study
documented 103 plant species belonging to 47
families and 94 genera. A total of 205 entries ofplant utilization knowledge were recorded, categorized into 12 usage types. Among these, foodplants comprised the largest category with 59
species, followed by 30 species for daily living. Poaceae had the highest representation with 17 species, followed by Asteraceae and Fabaceae, eachwith six species. Arenga tremula and Boehmeria
nivea were the most versatile species, each utilized in eight different ways. Applying the Index of
Cultural Significance (ICS) identified four key cultural species: Arenga tremula, Miscanthus floridulus, Setaria italica, and Microglossa pyrifolia. The
Cultural Significance Index evaluates plant knowledge as a method of ethnic identity and enhances knowledge transmission and the connection
between the ethnic group and plants, while also
fostering diverse Kanakanavu cultural expressions.

P.1515 Ethnobotanicalstudy on plants used by
the Kanakanavu Tribe inNamasia District, Kaohsiung
City, Taiwan
Chih-Kai Yang1, Xuan-Ning Bai2
1 National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Department of Forestry, Pingtung, Taiwan.
The construction, importance, and urgency of indigenous knowledge systems are undeniable.
Cultural knowledge directly influences the sustainability of ethnic groups, but traditional wisdom
faces challenges in contemporary practice. The
relationship between plants and people is inti-

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S.170. TOWARDS INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY.
THEORY AND PRACTICE.
P.1516 Anatomy of leafletsof Brazilian taxa of Senna
ser. Interglandulosae(Leguminosae) and its
taxonomic implications

exclusive to S. formosa H.S.Irwin & Barneby. Leaflet
anatomical characters, including their outlines of
epidermis, stomata distribution, edge shape, andmidrib contour, were found to be useful as a supportof the taxonomy of the Senna ser. Interglandulosae.

Flávio S. Souto1, Maria de Fátima Agra2,*
1 Department of Biosciences, Federal University of
Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, JoãoPessoa, Brazil. *agramf@ltf.ufpb.br
Senna ser. Interglandulosae (Benth.) H.S.Irwin &Barneby (Leguminosae) comprises 20 species with
Neotropical distribution. They are recognized by having leaves with extrafloral nectaries on the leaf rachis, between the first pair of leaflets, or even acrossall pairs, flowers strongly asymmetrical, which has
the adaxial petals reduced, and anthers of the threeabaxial stamens contracted into tubular tip. Leaf
anatomy has been considered an important tool forthe taxonomies of several genera of Leguminosae.
We therefore assessed anatomical characters of
the leaflets of Brazilian taxa of Senna ser. Interglandulosae, to highlight characters that could contribute to its taxonomy. The anatomical characters of
the leaflets of 60 specimens of twelve taxa of Senna ser. Interglandulosae were studied by standard
plant anatomical techniques. Studied taxa showedanisocytic, anomocytic, anomotetracytic and paracytic stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, and collateral
vascular system. Five patterns of anticlinal cell walls(straight, curved, sinuous, straight to curved, andcurved to sinuous), were observed. In cross-section,
they are 1-2-seriate on both surfaces, being strongly papillose on the abaxial surface of Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby. The hypostomatic
type was recorded in ten taxa. Amphistomatic pattern was observed in leaflets of S. aversiflora (Herb.)
H.S.Irwin & Barneby, and S. polyphylla. Brachyparacytic stomata were present only by S. multijuga. The
leaflet edges had three different outlines (rounded,
acute and obtuse). Obtuse pattern was observed
only in S. rostrata (Mart.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby. The median portion of midrib, in cross section, is predominantly plane-convex, while the concave-convex isP.1517 The combination of
anatomy, spectroscopic
techniques andchemometrics for grouping
and discrimination of
Solanum subg. Leptostemon
Anauara L. de Silva1, Marcelo S. da Silva1,
Josean F. Tavares1, Maria de F. Agra1
1 Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Solanum subg. Leptostemonum Dunal (Bitter) is thesecond largest group of Solanum L. with wide distribution and having Brazil as a center of diversity andendemism. This subgenus includes about 500 species, characterized by the presence of prickles, stellate trichomes and attenuated anthers. Works using
only morphological characteristics has not beenable to solve the taxonomic problems existing in thegroup. Anatomy and chemical profile of many species remains unknown however they can be used toassist in the grouping and differentiation of species.
In this research, anatomy and metabolic profiling
coupled to chemometric tools was used to characterize and distinguish similar species of subgenus (S.
echidnaeforme, S. hexandrum, S. kollastrum and S.
stagnale). For anatomy analyses of leaf were performed using light and scanning electron microscopy and for chemical analyses hydroalcoholic microextracts were analyzed by 1H NMR. Characteristics ofpetiole, leaf edge and mainly the epidermis wereable to differentiate the species. All species presented multicellular stipitate stellate trichomes except S.
kollastrum which presented multiangular glandular
trichomes. The 1H NMR was possible to observe thevisual similarity between them, where the signals
predominated in the region of 2.50 to 4.5, indicativeof hydrogens linked to oxygenated carbons, signals

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and 2.5, corresponding to signals of aliphatic hydrogens and some signals in the region of aromatic. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed thediscrimination of the species, observing a tendency
to group the replicates of each species into four different groups. Epidermal micromorphology and the1
H NMR profile can be efficient and provide support
for the taxonomic distinction between the species, inaddition to contributing to chemophenetic studies
and to the control of quality of the species.

ant trends: the width of the polar lobe, the depth of
the apical margin incision, and the curve formed by
the basal lobe were critical features for differentiation and delimitation. Additionally, linear morphometric features such as MCL, BLD, IW, and HPL were
found to be important for characterizing infraspecific taxa of M. arcuata. Based on our findings, we
propose the recognition of Pseudomicrasterias as a
new genus within the family Desmidiaceae, including one new combination and the recognition of two
new species. Studies taking polyphasic approaches
are crucial for better understanding of biodiversity
and ensuring accurate biological delimitation, especially in cases involving taxonomic and nomenclatural inconsistencies. Our study also underscores
the usefulness of molecular markers, phylogenetic
analyses, and combined morphological measurements (in a standardized manner) using linear andgeometric morphometric methods, that is especially relevant for Desmidiaceae that include many infraspecific taxa and/or ecomorphae in need of taxonomic clarification.

P.1518 Use of integrative
taxonomy to elucidate
diversity in desmids: thecase of Pseudomicrasterias(Desmidiaceae,
Zygnematophyceae)
Camila B. De Araújo1, Pavel Škaloud2,
Jan Šťastný2, Kateřina Trumhová2, Thaís
G. Da Silva3, Carlos E. M. Bicudo4, Ana T.
Lombardi1

P.1518bis Use of linear
morphometry toevaluate species andinfraspecific taxa ofEuastrum (Desmidiaceae,
Zygnematophyceae)

1 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federalde São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil. 2 Department of
Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 3 Aix-Marseille Université, France. 4 Instituto de
Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo, Brazil.

Camila B. De Araújo1, Matheus H.P.
Siqueira2, Thaís G. Da Silva3, Klaus von
Schwartzenberg4, Carlos E. M. Bicudo2

Pseudomicrasterias is a green microalgal genus
belonging to the family Desmidiaceae (Zygnematophyceae). The genus was described based on
integrative taxonomy performed on strains previously assigned as Micrasterias arcuata Bailey.
This is a highly problematic species due to its widemorphological variation and the presence of poorly circumscribed infraspecific taxa. In this study,
we aimed to evaluate the phylogenetic positionof strains traditionally assigned to M. arcuata andperform morphometric analyses on Brazilian clonal cultures. Three strains were investigated, and weanalyze seven morphological attributes for linear
morphometry, as well as 49 landmarks for geometric morphometric analysis. Multigene analyses
were conducted using three molecular markers:
SSU rDNA, rbcL, and psaA. The genetic analyses revealed that all investigated strains of M. arcuata
formed distinct, well-supported lineages separate
from all species within the core Micrasterias lineage.
Morphometric analyses highlighted several import-

1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos,
Brazil. 2 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, SãoPaulo, Brazil. 3 Aix-Marseille Université, France. 4
Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Euastrum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs is a freshwater genus
belonging the family Desmidiaceae (Zygnematophyceae). The taxonomy of the genus is basedon morphological characters and cell dimensions,with markedly wide morphological variation, evenat the population level, that has been causing taxonomic confusion with the description of many infraspecific taxa. Nowadays, it has 323 species and678 infraspecific taxa described causing necessity to reassess and improve classification methods
based on linear measurements for the genus. This
study aims to perform morphometric analysis on
six strains of Euastrum genus, maintained under771

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cultivation conditions. Four morphological attributes commonly used in the literature, and theother four ones proposed herein were used forlinear measurements. The results shows that six
morphological attributes investigated: MCL, ACL,
MCW, ACW, AW and MS successful differentiated all the strains, proving to be useful to identify
and to expand knowledge about morphologicalcharacterization of the genus. Two strains identified as E. ansatum and E. oblongum presented
the lowest and highest values, respectively, andthey were differentiated by seven attributes. The
species E. pinnatum was different in six attributes
analyzed. Three strains containing two different
populations of E. didelta and one of E. humerosum, showed remarkably overlapping values inmost morphological attributes investigated, but
in four of them (ACL, ACW, AW and AI) were observed slightly differences that may be useful intheir distinction. The results obtained constitute animportant advance for characterization and delimitation of species and infraspecific taxa of Euastrum, regarding the use of linear measurements
in a standardized way, showing the importanceof new characters or morphological attributes
for traditional morphometry. Also, our results will
support other studies, especially taxonomic andnomenclatural ones, contributing to a better understanding of biodiversity and the accurate biological delimitation.

P.1519 Cactus of
the genus Parodia
Spegazzini. (Cactaceae)
in the department of
Cochabamba-Bolivia

dition, most of these species need in-depth in-situ
studies and collections of herbariums, the objective of this study is to evaluate the morphologicalcharacteristics in the Parodia specimen found in
the Department of Cochabamba, in order to findconsistent diagnostic characteristics, to support
correct taxonomic identification. Field trips havebeen carried out from 2021 and 2023 out into, different provinces of Cochabamba, focusing on thedry Andean valleys and the yungueños dry valleys,reviewing also the specimen available in the National Forest Herbarium “Martín Cárdenas” (BOLV).
The morphological analysis defined four diagnostic characteristics to differentiate the respective
species: shape, and diameter of the stem, type andnumber of ribs, shape and size of thorns (erect or
curved), shape and size of their flowers. Throughthese parameters, it has been concluded that
there are six species present and recognized in thedepartment of Cochabamba: Parodia ayopayana
Cárdenas, P. columnaris Cárdenas, P. hausteiniana Rasuch, P. ocampoi Cárdenas, P. schwebsiana(Werderm.) Backeb. and P. taratensis Cárdenas.

P.1520 Taxonomicallyimportant charactersin Commelina L.
(Commelinaceae,
Commelinales)
Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini1
1 The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Caballero Mauricio1
1 Department and Career of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad Mayor de San
Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
The family Cactaceae presents a great diversity of
species, among which is the taxa of genus Parodia,
originating in South America with 62 species recognized today. They are distributed throughout inArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. In
Bolivia, a total of 21 of these species can be found,
18 of which are endemic. Gender presents complications at specific level in the identification, as aconsequence, the number of species can vary depending on the author (specialist) consulted; in ad-

Commelina is the largest of Commelinaceae andCommelinales, being also one of the few Pantropicalgenera in the family and order. It is easily recognisedby its spathaceous basal bract, inflorescences reduced to (1–)2 fasciculate cincinni, strongly zygomorphic flowers (i.e., zygomorphic sepals, petals,
androecium, and gynoecium), paired petals clawed,
unequal and mostly sky-blue (but sometimes whiteor lilac, rarely yellow, apricot, orange, or pink), threeposterior staminodes with cruciform antherodes,
and three anterior dimorphic stamens. The inflorescence of Commelina lacks a developed main axis
and cincinni bracts, with bracteoles that are generally hyaline, and so minute that they are virtually invisible to the naked eye. Nonetheless, Commelina is
the most taxonomically complex genus of the order,
caused by its large number of species, Pantropical
distribution, and ephemeral and morphologically772

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complex flowers preserved very poorly in herbarium
specimens. For those reasons, taxonomic efforts in
the genus have been few, generally limited to describing new species or local floras. Too much emphasis has been placed by Neotropical taxonomists
on plastic characters like leaf-sheath indumentum
colour, leaf-blade shape and symmetry, flower colour, and staminode number. Alternatively, despite
being indeed taxonomically important, the overreliance on seed morphology has made identifying African Commelina unnecessarily laborious or impossible in case the specimens lack mature seeds. Thus,
the goal of this talk is to provide an overview of thetaxonomically important characters in Commelina,
with a particular focus on characters that haven’t
been previously used by previous taxonomists.

P.1521 Integrative taxonomyof white-flowered Eranthis(Ranunculaceae), revisionof section Shibateranthis(Nakai) Tamura
Andrey Erst1, Elizaveta Mitrenina1,2, Denis A.
Krivenko1, Vera Kostikova1, Tatyana Erst1,2,
Lian Lian3, Kunli Xiang3, WeiWang3
1 Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian
Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. 2 National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia. 3 Institute of Botany, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
An integrative taxonomic approach, based on cytogenetical, molecular and biochemical analyses, alongwith morphological data, was used to delimit revise
the white-flowered section Shibateranthis (Nakai) Tamura of the genus Eranthis (Ranunculaceae).

P.1522 What explains thenon-monophyly of the
Canary Island endemic
Argyranthemum adauctum(Link) Humphries (1976)?

Oceanic islands are widely known as natural laboratories providing the model that allows the investigation of the complex processes and patterns of thenatural world. The Canary Islands, one of the five archipelagos of the Macaronesia region, comprises ahigh number of endemic species being considereda hotspot of plant diversity. The extremely rich flora isconsidered threatened especially by anthropogenic
activity, however, the exact number of species present on the islands remains unknown, which brings
light to the existent taxonomical gap. Argyranthemum is the largest genus of flowering plants in the
Macaronesian region comprising 24 species, where
A. adauctum differs from the other species as it is amultiple island endemic species distributed on fourof the Canarian islands. Recently the phylogenetic
analysis has revealed A. adauctum as non-monophyletic within three clades. This study aims to identify whether the morphological characteristics observed in the species reflect the pattern observedin the findings from the previous study. The resultsfrom morphological and environmental analysis
demonstrate that the subspecies of A. adauctum
can be separated by at least one character, except
for the subsp. erythrocarpon and subsp. palmensis.
We proposed that the similarity could be related toconvergent evolution, however, the environmental analysis was not able to associate the climateparameters to the pattern observed. In light of themorphological and environmental findings of thisstudy and the previous results from the phylogenetic analysis, we proposed that all the subspecies of A.
adauctum should be reclassified into seven distinct
species. These results increase the knowledge of theoceanic island endemic species and have important ramifications for conservation priorities.

P.1523 Comparative
palynology of Spigelia spp.
(Loganiaceae) endemic
to Brazil: new insights
into its outstanding
morphodiversity
Arthur Macedo1, Francisco A.R. dos
Santos2, Maria T. Buril3

Mariana H. Santana1; Oliver W. White2;
Mark Carine2
1 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK. 2 Natural History Museum, London, UK.

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1 Botanic Garden of the University of Coimbra,
Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 2
Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade
Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. 3 De-

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partment of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Bazil.
Recent studies in Gentianales demonstrate thatpollen morphology plays an important role intesting taxonomic hypotheses. Pollen diversity is
noticed in types of dispersal units, polarity; shape,size, type and number of apertures; exine ornamentation, and presence of orbicules. Spigelia L.
(Loganiaceae) is a Native American genus, attractive by its colourful tubular flowers. More thanhalf of its diversity occurs in Brazil, with high endemism rates. Due to the lack of a recent systematic study, interspecific delimitation needs to
be clarified for several sympatric species and requires further investigations. We aimed to exploreand describe the pollen morphology of Brazilian
species of Spigelia, including endemic and neverpalynologically studied ones, and its systematic
importance. Ten species from four of eight sections in Spigelia were sampled, processed, andstudied under light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Twenty-five pollen grains were
measured, for each species. Here we provide pollen grains descriptions for 10 species of Spigelia(one-fourth of all Brazilian species), of which nineare endemic to Brazil and were described for the
first time. Our results bring novelties in the ectexine ornamentation (rugulate, microrugulate,verrucate, etc.), pollen size, and apertures. We recorded the presence of orbicules (Übisch bodies)for five species, previously reported in the genus
only to Spigelia anthelmia. Pollen morphology
supports the identity of Spigelia alboura, an endangered species recently described for Northeastern Brazil. Six pollen types were recognisedin the genus: S. anthelmia (monads, 3-colpate,smooth), Spigelia ayotzinapensis (tetrads, 4-colpate, regulate, gemmate and verrucate), Spigelia
flemmingiana (monads, 2-colpate, smooth),Spigelia nicotianaeflora (monads, 3-colpate,microverrucate), Spigelia pulchella (monads,
3-colpate, microrugulate), and Spigelia sellowiana (monads, 3-colpate, microverrucate). Only
type Spigelia nicotianaeflora reflects infrageneric classification. A dichotomic key is provided forthe identification of pollen types. Higher morphological variability was found compared with species from Argentina and Mexico.

P.1524 First global study ofthe palynological charactersof the genus Parablechnum(Blechnaceae,
Polypodiopsida)
Sonia Molino1,2, Irene Lafuente2, Guillermo
Santos2, Carmen Prada2, Miguel Berdugo
Vera2, Mario Mairal2, Rafael Medina2
1 Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Biomedicaland Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Dept. Biodiversidad, Ecología yEvolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Spores play a crucial role in pteridophyte systematics, especially in taxa with intricate taxonomy, as theirtraits are typically conserved. Parablechnum, the most
species-rich genus in the fern family Blechnaceae, encompasses approximately 68 species across the Austropacific, America, and Africa, and whose taxonomy
has been discussed throughout during the last century.
However, only 45% of Parablechnum species have undergone thorough spore examination. This study aims
to investigate the spores of as many Parablechnum
species as possible to assess their taxonomic significance. We examined spores from 127 herbarium specimens, targeting two individuals per species whenever feasible. Spore measurements were taken using an
optical microscope, and scanning electron microscopy
provided detailed images of perispore ornamentation.
Our analysis covered spores from approximately 80%of the genus’s species, revealing greater ornamentation variability than previously observed. We categorized the ornamentation into three groups, one further
divided into three subgroups. Several ornamentations
were newly identified for the genus, enhancing ourunderstanding of Parablechnum spore characteristics. Furthermore, we discovered at least 12 species of
Parablechnum with paraphyses on the sori, a feature
unprecedented in the Blechnaceae family. Some paraphyses belonged to the sporangiasters type, a rare fern
structure whose function remains debated. The studied
characters facilitated species delimitation in complex
groups, emphasizing their utility as systematic markers.
Additionally, our findings pose new questions, exploring
potential connections between spore ornamentationor the presence of paraphyses on sori and dispersal
ability within this widely distributed group. This researchcontributes valuable insights into Parablechnum taxonomy and prompts further exploration of fern reproductive structures and their ecological implications.

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P.1525 Parasitic plants in
Mexico: a catalog of genera
Leonardo F. Laguna1, Sonia Rojas1, Carlos
Castillejos1
1 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
A parasitic plant is one that obtains either a partor the totality of its nutrition needs from another plant through a specialized organ known as
haustorium, the former are known as hemiparasites and the latter as holoparasites. The global
diversity of parasitic plants consists of about 12
orders, 25 families, 292 genera and 4750 species.
They are known for their impact in the agricultural and forestall areas, therefore conform a clear
group of interest. However, derived from a scarce
number of studies about their diversity in Mexico,the current knowledge is limited. The objective of
this work was to elaborate a catalog of parasitic plant genera which are native to the Mexican
territory, through the revision of specialized literature. Firstly, they were acknowledged the genera native to Mexico, by comparison of the global
diversity of parasitic plants and the national diversity of vascular plants, considering the APG IV
system, as well as databases: Plants of the World
Online and World Flora Online. Secondly, characteristics of interest like morphology, type of parasitism, taxonomy, list of species, statal distribution
and Spanish common names, were searched foreach genus in literature such as floral studies,
papers, botanic databases, and websites. Finally,
the catalog was constituted including said information, in addition of online photographs of living
plants and herbarium specimens. A total of 9 orders, 14 families and 43 genera of parasitic plants
native to Mexico are reported in the results. A highnumber of species are contained in three genera: Castilleja (76), Phoradendron (66) and Cuscuta (54). Also, most genera are described withinstates: Chiapas (30), Oaxaca (29) and Veracruz(28). This catalog represents a straightforward
tool for acknowledgment of the parasitic plant
genera native to Mexico, moreover offers information to encourage research and envision future applications in various areas of study.

P.1526 Use of linear
morphometry as a tool todistinguish infraspecifictaxa of Micrasteriasthomasiana (Desmidiaceae,
Zygnematophyceae)
Caroline De S. Bellissimo1, Carlos E. M.
Bicudo1, Thaís G. Da Silva2, Klaus von
Schwartzenberg3, Camila B. De Araújo4
1 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo,
Brazil. 2 Aix-Marseille Université, France. 3 Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. 4 Universidade
Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
Micrasterias thomasiana Archer belongs to the family Desmidiaceae (Zygnemtophyceae), and currently
includes 16 intraspecific described taxa among varieties and taxonomic formae. All taxonomic varieties
and formae were proposed based on their morphology and linear measurements. The aim of this study
is to perform a morphometric analysis based on linear measurements on populations of M. thomasiana
under cultivation conditions, using morphologicalattributes commonly applied in the literature, and to
propose new attributes for a better characterization of
the species and its infraspecific categories. Nine morphological attributes were evaluated in five strains.
Four attributes are commonly analyzed in the literature and five were presently proposed, such as: CM(average cell length), CLP (length of the polar lobe),
CT (total cell length), LAPIC (cell apex width), LBPolar(width of the polar lobe), LLat 1 (width of lateral lobe 1),
LLat 2 (width of lateral lobe 2), LT (cell width), and IW(isthmus width). Our findings revealed significant differences between the strains, especially considering
the new attributes analyzed: CLP, LBPolar, LAPIC, as wellin both lateral width (LLat1 and LLat2). The traditional and commonly used attributes, such as total cell
length (CT), isthmus width (IW), and total width (LT) of
the semicell showed little variation among the strains,
exhibiting close values to each other. Our results highlighted important trends for morphological characterization and delimitation of M. thomasiana and its
infraspecific taxa. Also, this study showed the importance of new characters for traditional morphometry
and the use of linear measurements in a standardized
manner, especially in cases involving taxonomic andnomenclatural inconsistencies, or species with widemorphological variation and the presence of poorly
circumscribed infraspecific taxa.

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P.1527 Cytotypes ofAcorus (Acoraceae) arepseudocryptic species with
contrasting biogeographic
patterns, but shared
pollination biology
Dmitry D. Sokoloff1,2, Galina V. Degtjareva1,
Mikhail V. Skaptsov3, Nikolay A. Vislobokov1,
Alexander G. Kirejtshuk4, Alexander N.
Sennikov5, Elena E. Severova1, Victor
V. Chepinoga6,7, Tahir H. Samigullin8,
Carmen M. Valiejo-Roman8, Sergey V.
Smirnov3, Alexander I. Shmakov3, Elena A.
Marchuk9, Margarita V. Remizowa1
1 Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Moscow, Russia. 2 School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 3 South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia. 4 Zoological Institute of the Russian Academyof Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia. 5 Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 6 Institute of Geobotany, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
7 Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, Irkutsk State
University, Irkutsk, Russia. 8 A.N. Belozersky Instituteof Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow
State University, Moscow, Russia. 9 Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia.
The helophyte and rheophyte genus Acorus is oneof the most isolated genera in the angiosperm phylogeny. The Acorus calamus group is widely distributed in the Holarctic regions of Eurasia and America. These aromatic and medicinal plants are highly
important in terms of ethnobotany. Earlier studies
interpreted native diploids and invasive triploids
occurring in North America as two species that differed in morphology and distribution ranges. In contrast, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids occurring inEurasia are commonly interpreted as one species
because they reportedly cannot be distinguishedin collections. We resolve the controversy over taxonomic concepts between Eurasia and America
and provide the first detailed multidisciplinary account of Acorus in temperate Asia. We used plastid and nuclear markers, leaf anatomy, seed micromorphology, pollen stainability, flow cytometry,and direct chromosome counts. Diploids and tetraploids show stable molecular and micromorphological differences. Triploids are their sterile hybrids,
with the plastid genome inherited from the diploidparent. Diploids of America and Asia tend to differ
in leaf characters. Coadaptative coexistence with
pollinating beetles Platamartus jakowlewi and Sibirhelus corpulentus (Kateretidae) is conserved between diploids and tetraploids and over a distanceof 4,700 km between Japan and Western Siberia.
Diploids are self-compatible and can set seeds inthe absence of kateretid beetles. Tetraploids are
self-incompatible and/or cannot set seeds in theabsence of Platamartus and Sibirhelus. Diploids (A.
americanus) and tetraploids (A. verus) are two biological species; the former has two subspecies.
Acorus calamus should be restricted to triploids; itapparently first evolved in temperate Asia. Diploids
mostly occur in much cooler climates than triploids and tetraploids. Accessions of A. verus and A.
calamus from tropical Asia are apparently derived
from ancient introductions. Our data provide a newframework for the pharmacological use of Acorus.

P.1528 Betula buggsii sp.
nov. (sect. Costatae) and
Betula mcallisteri sp. nov.
(sect. Acuminatae) as
revealed by an integrative
approach
Junyi Ding1, Norbert Holstein2, Nian Wang1
1 College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China. 2 Department of Life Sciences,
The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.
Taxa are traditionally identified using morphological proxies for groups of evolutionarily isolated
populations. These proxies are common charactersdeemed by taxonomists as significant. However,there is no general rule on which character or setsof characters are appropriate to circumscribe taxa,
leading to discussions and uncertainty. Birch species are notoriously hard to identify due to strong
morphological variability and factors such as hybridization and the existence of several ploidy levels. Here, we present evidence for two evolutionarily
isolated lines of birches from China that are not distinguishable by traditionally assumed taxon recognition proxies, such as fruit or leaf characters. We use

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restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and flow
cytometry to study the evolutionary status of the two
previously unidentified samples. Molecular analyses
show the two unidentified Betula samples represent
distinct lineages and were turned out to be diploid.
Phylogenomic analysis shows that one identified
lineage belongs to section Costatae and anotherone belongs to section Acuminatae. We therefore
conclude that the samples represent two unrecognized species, which is here described as Betula buggsii and Betula mcallisteri. Interestingly, we
have discovered that some cultivated in the Royal
Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, formerly recognized as
Betula luminifera, is actually Betula mcallisteri. Betula mcallisteri differ from B. luminifera by having apeeling bark and a lack of cambial fragrance.

P.1529 Cribraria cancellata(Myxomycetes): a single
variable species or yet
another species complex?
Daniel Rodrigues Nunes1, Juan Carlos
Zamora1, Carlos Lado2

1 Conservatory and botanical garden of Geneva,
Geneva, Switzerland. 2 Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC,
Madrid, Spain.
Myxomycetes (Amoebozoa) are a group of microorganisms with a multinucleate, mobile, usuallymacroscopic vegetative stage (the plasmodium),producing static fungal-like fruiting bodies where
meiosis and sporulation occurs. More than 1000 species are known, and molecular studies are revealingthat formerly recognized, widespread and variabletaxa are often complexes of closely related species.
Here we focus on Cribraria cancellata, a common
and widespread species, known since the XVIII century. It currently comprises two accepted varieties:
Cribraria cancellata var. cancellata and C. cancellata var. fusca, distinguished by their peridial features (presence of a calyculus in var. fusca, absent
in var. cancellata). However, over a dozen heterotypic names for different character combinations(pattern of the peridial net, colour, calyculus, lengthof the stalk, etc.) have been coined, suggesting amore intricate taxonomic scenario. Our aim is to assess whether the large morphological variation displayed by this taxon, together with the ecology anddistribution, correlates with separately evolving lineages (estimated through DNA analyses) that could
be recognized as independent species.

S.171. TRANSPOSON TAKEOVER:
TRANSPOSABLE ELMENTS IN PLANT GENOME
EVOLUTION, ADAPTATION AND REGULATION
P.1530 Using pangenomes
to elucidate the impact of
TEs in the domestication oftetraploid cotton
Campos Dominguez L1, Castanera
R1, Grover CE2, Hu G3,4, Wendel JF2,
Casacuberta JM1
1 Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. 2 Department of Ecology,
Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, EEUU. 3 Agricultural Genomics
Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzen, China. 4 State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research,
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.

The current availability of multiple high-quality
reference genomes is enabling the use of reference pangenomes for genomic and evolutionary
studies, which significantly improves the captureof the genetic diversity within a species in comparison to single reference genomes. Recently
developed genomic approaches to find specifictransposon insertion polymorphisms (TIPs) in different genotypes allow establishing associations
between TE insertions and trait variation during
adaptation, domestication and selection processes (TIP-GWAS). Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense are two allopolyploid species ofcotton that have undergone two parallel domestication processes. Recent research has provided
good quality reference genomes of 6 and 4 different accessions of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense.
We have built species-specific and across-spe-

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cies pangenomes and are studying the structuralvariation caused by TEs. Preliminary results show
different levels of TE insertion variation acrosscotton cultivars, especially in G. barbadense. The
developed datasets are allowing us to study the
recent dynamics of TE families and their role inthe domestication of these cotton species. Moreover, with the aim of elucidating the roles of TEs
in the parallel domestication processes of these
two species, we are applying the TIP-GWAS method to the cotton pangenomes. We plan to findand investigate TIPs across a population of 643
re-sequenced cotton accessions spanning thewild-to-domesticated continuum of tetraploid
cotton. By looking into TIP variation across accessions, species and subgenomes, our study will allow us to describe and compare the TE dynamics of parallel domestication and polyploidisation,
which are two crucial processes in plant evolution.

P.1531 High diversity andcomplex organizationof repetitive sequencesin the pericentromericheterochromatin ofCuscuta partita Choisy(Convolvulaceae)

P.1532 Characterizing
transposable elements andrepetitive DNA in the giant
genomes of three Fritillaria
species
Alexandria Kurowski1, Aaron Liston2

Amalia Ibiapino , Juan Urdampilleta ,Andrea Pedrosa-Harand2
1

Ty3/gypsy Retand and CRM) showed localized
signals in the pericentromeric regions. The CparSAT1-157 satellite signals flanked the primary constrictions of some chromosomes, or were colocalized with the other mapped sequences. These
repetitive sequences appeared interspersed witheach other in long reads. Complete transposable
elements, mainly Ty1/copia Angela and SIRE, wereinterspersed by CparSAT1-157, tandem repeats,
while other reads showed only complete and/or
truncated transposable elements interspersedwith each other. The longest arrangement of
CpaSAT1-157 found was 19kbp. Both bioinformatics and FISH data corroborate that the sequences analyzed here are arranged in an intercalarymanner, forming a complex structure in the (peri)
centromeric regions of C. partita chromosomes. In
contrast to other monocentric species, the results
suggest the association of different types of repetitive sequences in the (peri)centromeric regionof Cuscuta chromosomes.

1

1 Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.

1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal,
Córdoba, Argentina. 2 Laboratório de Citogenética
e Evolução Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica Centro de Biociências, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
The parasite genus Cuscuta includes species withhigh cytogenetic diversity. Part of this diversity isrelated to the organization and composition of theheterochromatin in some species. In Cuscuta partita (2n = 30), the primary constrictions of chromosomes show no affinity for AT or GC-rich heterochromatin-specific stains, such as DAPI and CMA,
respectively, forming heterochromatic bands only
after C-banding. To evaluate the heterochromatin organization of its pericentromeric region, weused long-read sequencing (Oxford NanoPore)and bioinformatic tools to assemble the structureof repetitive sequences previously characterized
for C. partita. FISH was also used to map sequences of interest on chromosomes. All mapped transposable elements (Ty1/copia Angela and SIRE and

The Fritillaria (Liliaceae) genus is notable for large
genomes (30 -127 Gbp) composed predominantly of repetitive DNA. Fritillaria gentneri (Gentner’s
fritillary) is an endangered lily restricted to southwestern Oregon and adjacent northern California.
Fritillaria gentneri is a putative triploid hybrid of F.
recurva and F. affinis, as evidenced by their sharedgeographic distribution, as well as genetic, morphological, and phenotypic traits. Furthermore,chloroplast genome sequences provide evidence
for multiple origins of F. gentneri. To evaluate theseevolutionary hypotheses, we will document the repeat landscape in twelve individuals across four
populations of the three species, using low-coverage (0.15-0.2X) whole genome sequencing. Our research will characterize the most common repeatfamilies, comparing their distribution and abundance across individuals, populations, and species.
We will conduct phylogenetic analysis of selected
LTR families and estimate the timing of TE bursts.

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P.1533 Small RNAs as driversof genetic and genomic
plasticity

1 Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 2 University of Freiburg, Germany.

Sara Lopez-Gomollon1
1 University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Genomic shock is an umbrella term used to define asituation leading to genome-wide misregulation of thetranscriptome and changes in the epigenome, disrupting gene regulation and inducing chromosomal rearrangements and the mobilization of TEs. This effect isusually associated to hybridisation. Genomic shock canbe seen as a source of heritable variation, able to trigger extensive phenotypic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms associated are not well understood.
Small (s)RNAs can mediate gene silencing at transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. In hybrids, sRNAs fromone parent may find new targets in the genome of theother parent, modifying gene expression. We have observed changes to gene expression in interspecific Solanum hybrids associated with small RNAs derived fromendogenous pararetroviruses, a type of transposable
element. There were prominent changes to sRNA profiles in these hybrids involving 22nt species produced in
the DCL2 biogenesis pathway and the hybridisation-induced changes to gene expression were like those in a
dcl2 mutant. These findings indicate that hybridisation
leads to activation of EPRV, perturbation of small RNA
profiles and, consequently, changes in gene expression.
Grafting is another potential source of genomic shock
as a genome is exposed to the presence of foreign nucleic acids. Using grafting of two tomato genotypes,
we study the mobility of small RNAs and the changes
induced at genetic and epigenetic level. Such hybridization -or graft- induced variation in gene expression
could increase the natural phenotypic variation in natural evolution or in breeding, so a better understanding
will benefit crop improvement strategies.

P.1534 Demographic historyof populations and genomic
imprinting have traced
the transposon patterns in
Arabidopsis lyrata

A common assumption is that purifying selection isshaping the pattern of transposable elements giventhat TE insertions are deleterious for the fitness of thehost, especially when located around genes, and if they
are targeted by epigenetic mechanisms. However, thecase of TEs near imprinted genes might be different because positive selection could be acting on those TEs if
the genomic imprinting provides an advantage to thehost. In addition, the number and frequency of TE insertions in natural populations are also conditioned bydemographic events such as bottlenecks. In this study,
we aimed to test how the demography and selection
forces may affect the accumulation of TEs aroundgenes, depending on their epigenetic silencing andwith a particular focus on imprinted genes. To this aim,
we compared the frequency and distribution of TEs in A.
lyrata from Europe and North America showing different degrees of mutation load, from genetically diverse
outcrossers, to poorly diverse margin outcrosser populations and selfers. Generally, we found that TE insertions
showed a significantly lower frequency when they wereinserted into or near genes, specially those TES targeted by epigenetic silencing. These results agree with the
expectation that purifying selection acts against TEs toprevent the fixation of those TEs with more deleterious
effects on the host. We also found that many TEs werelost or got fixed in North American populations during
the colonization and the postglacial range expansion
from refugia of the species in North America, as well as
during the transition to selfing. Despite the action of purifying selection and demographic events, silenced TEs
invariably increased in frequency when inserted nearby imprinted genes, suggesting that positive selection
acted on imprinted alleles, and resulted in their spread,sometimes fixation, in A. lyrata natural populations.

P.1535 Characterizationof transposoble elements
in Polygala vulgaris L.
(Polygalaceae) provide an
insight into autopolyploidoriginZübeyde Uğurlu Aydın1, İlayda Gülmez1,
Yasin Kaya1, Ali A. Dönmez1

Nélida Padilla-García1, Audrey Le Vève1,
Vojtech Cermak1, Ömer Iltas1, Robert
Horvath2, Clément Lafon Placette1

1 Molecular Plant Systematic Laboratory (MOBIS),
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

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Transposable Elements (TEs) can be found in the
genomes of all organisms and they are especially essential in genomic and phenotypic evolution.
With the recent development of both sequencing
technologies and bioinformatic tools, we can obtain a valuable perspective into the field of repeatome. The native range of P. vulgaris is from
Europe to Central Turkey, and diploid and tetraploid cytotypes are found in different populations.
The study aims to characterise TEs in selected
diploid and tetraploid populations of P. vulgaris
and to compare the abundance and proportionsof TEs. Specifically, we tried to reach the impact
of TEs on polyploidy using second-generation
sequencing. To characterise the compositionof repetitive sequences in all five individual genomes, a set of analyses was performed. The results of repetitive identification from short-readdata revealed TEs are a major component of the
genome, ranging from 45% to 51% in the diploid

population and from 43% to 49% in the tetraploid
population. In addition, the proportion of the genome containing repetitive elements was almost
similar for the two cytotypes. Ty3/Gypsy-like Long
Terminal Repeats (LTR) elements dominate therepetitive components of each ploidy level, withgenomic proportions of 16,46% in 2x, 14,46% in 4x,
followed by Ty1/Copia LTRs.Most of the TEs wereclassified asTy3/gypsyand Ty1/Copia superfamilies, supporting the dominance of LTR retrotransposons across land-plant genomes. In light of ourresults, the repetitive components of the analysedsamples are highly similar and conserved withindifferent ploidy levels based on nonsynonymous(Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates andcluster analysis of repeats. These data provide
insights into an autopolyploid origin of tetraploid
P. vulgaris and increase our understanding of
LTR-RTs and their roles in polyploid genome.

S.172. TROPICAL PLANT EVOLUTION ACROSSSPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES
P.1536 Exploring thephylogeny and flower
symmetry evolution in
Posoqueria (Rubiaceae)
Sebastián Giraldo1,2,3, Claes Persson3,4,
Christine D. Bacon3,4
1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. 2
Group of Botanical Studies-HUA Herbarium, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 3 Gothenburg
Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Sweden. 4
University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
The genus Posoqueria is a Neotropical group of
shrubs and trees in the coffee family Rubiaceae.
Posoqueria is phylogenetically poorly understoodand presents several internal taxonomical difficulties. Previous studies using limited molecular
data and taxon sampling suggest the species in
Posoqueria could be split into two monophyletic
groups based on the presence or absence of aunique, specialized pollination system known as
the Pollen Catapult Mechanism (PCM). This split
implies the need for the resurrection of the genus Stannia, which groups the species lacking thePCM. Here, 15 species were sampled with target
sequence capture and a phylogeny of Posoqueria
was generated based on 177 genes and the multispecies coalescent model. The study provides
evidence of the phylogenomic distinctiveness of
species such as P. mutisii, P. longiflora, P. maxima, P. grandiflora, and P. williamsii, but questions
the current circumscriptions of P. chocoana andP. costaricensis. Particularly, the phylogeny supports the re-circumscription of P. latifolia, suggesting that populations from Central America
and Colombia belong to a yet undescribed species in the genus. Furthermore, this phylogenomic
study indicates that the unique catapult mechanism linked to zygomorphic flowers in Posoqueria
is the product of several evolutionary transitions
and is, therefore, a non-homologous trait. The
results challenge the hypothesis that this trait
played a significant role in the diversification of
the genus and reject the recognition of Stannia
as a valid taxon. This novel view of the phylogenetic relationships in Posoqueria expands thehorizons for future research in the group, especially from the alpha-taxonomy, developmental
genetics, pollination biology, ecology, and biogeography points of view.

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P.1537 Speciation history of
redclaw plants (Escallonia)
across three hotspots of
biodiversity inferred fromgenome data

1 Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. 2
Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore. 3 National
University Singapore, Singapore.

Lindsay Reedy1, Felipe Zapata1
1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Redclaws are an eco-phenotypically diverse groupof shrubs and trees in the genus Escallonia. Previous
studies have shown that most Escallonia species
have diversified repeatedly and independently within three biodiversity hotspots in South America: thetropical Andes, the Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian
Forests, and the mountains of Southeastern Brazil.
These diversifications have generated complex patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation, leading
to issues with species limits and with some lineages
showing ecophenotypic similarities across isolated
geographic regions. To shed light on this repeatedspeciation history, we are using hundreds of homologous loci generated via target capture probes to
examine concordant patterns of population divergence, ancestral population sizes, and differentiated loci. To satisfy the assumptions of multilocus
analysis, we verified substitution rates and chosepotential neutral sites (introns and third codon positions) to estimate gene trees and a species tree
under a full multispecies coalescent model. This approach is beneficial for modeling recent speciation,
as it accounts for incomplete lineage sorting. We
have already observed marked gene tree heterogeneity, which will provide valuable information for
estimating various parameters, including ancestral
population sizes and divergences.

The monocotyledonous genus Curculigo (including Molineria, family Hypoxidaceae) comprises of
perennial rhizomatous herbs with simple, prominently plicate leaf blades and star-shaped yellow
flowers in basal inflorescences. It is widely distributed in tropics with the highest species diversity
in S and SE Asia. Despite the slight increase in thenumber of new species described from the OldWorld tropics in last decade, the species diversityof Curculigo, with currently accepted 28 species,
remains grossly underestimated. Although common in various habitats, the species of Curculigo
are often overlooked and under-collected due tounclear taxonomy resulting in an extremely wide
species concept, a common situation in manygroups of tropical herbaceous monocots. This ismainly caused by the lack of detailed descriptions
and/or original material in early described species, and no consensus on the terminology andusefulness of morphological characters, especially those which could be applied in herbarium
taxonomy. Here we propose a standard terminology and methodology for measurements and description of characters we deem important basedon our ongoing study of living flowering plants in
Western Malesia and herbarium studies. These, inparticular, concern the shape and arrangement of
the bracts, floral and fruit morphology and indumentum on different parts of the plant. Some ofthese characters seem to be promising even forthe study of herbarium material.

P.1538 Curculigo(Asparagales:
Hypoxidaceae):
a comprehensive
morphological frameworkfor neglected genus oftropical herbaceous plants
Alena Uvírová1, Michal Hroneš1, Martin
Dančák1, Jana Leong-Škorničková2,3781

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S.173. UNDERSTANDING FLORAL EVOLUTION
ALONG MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS: EMERGINGPATTERNS OF MORPHOLOGICAL, SCENT, AND
COLOR VARIATION.
P.1539 Molecularcharacterization of flower
color and fragrance
mutations in fragrant
cyclamens induced by ionbeam irradiation.

aroma-biosynthesis. In this presentation, we introduce the results of these analysis and discuss thefactors ‘truly’ involved in the biosynthesis of flower
coloration and fragrance in cyclamen. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by Lotte Research
Promotion Grant (LF000569).

P.1540 The relevance ofthe thermogenesis in thepollination by insects

Yusuke Akita1,2, Akira Watanabe1, Shou
Kusano2, Kana Suzuki2, Riho Mikami1
1 Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute ofTechnology, Saitama, Japan. 2 Faculty of Engineering,
Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.
Flower coloration and floral fragrance are very important traits for plants. We previously generated
some mutants from three cultivars (named KM, UR,
and KO) of fragrant cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum x C. purpurascens) by ion-beam irradiation.
Two mutants (named MY and KMDp) that had been
made from KM, have changed the structure of anthocyanin, which is the main component of flower coloration. In MY, the component of anthocyanin had changed from malvidin 3,5-diglucoside(Mv3,5dG) to malvidin 3-glucoside, suggesting themutation of 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT). KMDp
had delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, instead of Mv3,5dG,
suggesting that anthocyanin O-methyltransferase(AOMT) would be mutated in KMDp. Other two mutants (named TN and KN), made from UR and KO,
were changed the amounts of anthocyanin. In TN,
the amounts of three kinds of anthocyanins in petals
had been increased, while almost no anthocyaninswere detected in the petals of KN. Further analysis
showed that KN had lost the aromatic components,
cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic alcohol. Therefore,
we expected that the double mutation of anthocyanins- and aroma components- biosynthesis
pathways would have occurred in KN. To identify
these causal factors, we conducted differential expression analysis between these mutants and their
original cultivars by RNA-seq analysis, and isolated
several genes that related to flower coloration or

Eduardo Barrón1, David Peris2, Enrique
Peñalver3, Jaume Pellicer Moscardó2,4,
Constanza Peña-Kairath5,6, José Mª
Postigo-Mijarra7
1 Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2 Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain. 3 Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, CSIC, Valencia,
Spain. 4 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 5 Department de Dinàmica de la Terra ide l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat
de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 6 Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 7 Department of Biodiversity, Ecology
and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Endothermy is the ability for an organism to maintainits body at a metabolically favorable and constanttemperature, a phenomenon well known in birds andmammals. Although plants are ectotherms and relyon their external environment as a principal source ofheat, some plant tissues have the ability to generateheat from metabolic processes. The raising of a plant’s
temperature above air temperature is mainly focusedon reproductive structures and is a phenomenon
conventionally referred to as thermogenesis. Althoughheat production in plant reproductive structures ensures their protection in cold environments by stabilizing tissue development and facilitating an optimum
temperature for suitable pollen tube growth, the mostimportant benefit for plants is the increase in theirodds of being pollinated by insects. Thermogenesis782

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enhances evaporation and subsequent dispersionof floral scent, providing competitive advantage for
attracting insect pollinators, mainly beetles, flies andthrips. In this regard, multiple volatiles have been identified across thermogenic angiosperms, but also in
cycads. These volatiles attract insects to a warm microenvironment offered by thermogenic reproductive
structures, thus enabling the insects to reduce their
metabolic energy cost for various aspects such as thedevelopment of eggs and their larvae if they occur
in reproductive structures. Nowadays, thermogenesis is exhibited by early-diverging lineages of angiosperms (Nymphaeaceae, Schisandraceae, Magnoliaceae, Annonaceae and Aristolochiaceae), and a few
monocots (Arecaceae, Cyclanthaceae) and eudicots(Nelumbonaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Santalaceae), being
Cycadales (Cycadaceae and Zamiaceae) the only
gymnosperm group that exhibits it. The presence ofthermogenesis in extant descendants of early diverging angiosperms and cycads indicates its importanceas an ancient character shared by predecessor plantlineages.

bers, we analysed the reflectance spectra using colour
vision models for birds and bees. We recorded the visitsof hummingbirds (legitimate) and bees (illegitimate) todifferent colour-flowered plants. PCA analyses of spectral reflectance showed continuous variation for limb
and calix, and two separated groups for corolla tube,
one with high reflectance at long wavelengths (red)and the other at medium wavelengths (yellow). Visualmodels revealed that such colour groups could be distinguished from each other by both hummingbirds andbees, while yellow flowers would be more easily distinguished from foliage than red flowers by bees. Hummingbirds would discriminate red and yellow tubes
from other floral parts, but bees only could distinguish
red tubes from limbs (yellow to the human eye). Legitimate and illegitimate visits did not differ between flower colour groups. Our results partially support the bee
avoidance hypothesis for the red flowers of N. glauca.
Further studies are needed in order to assess whether
flower colour variation in this species could be shapedby mutualist- or antagonist- mediated selection.

P.1541 You could be red,
you could be yellow: flower
colours and their perception
by pollinators and nectarrobbers

P.1542 Genetic basis of pistil
length variation between
monkeyflower species
with different pollination
syndromes

Antonella Costa1, Marcela Moré1, Mariana
Pereyra1, Adrián Giaquinta1, Andrés Issaly1,
Valeria Paiaro1

Bianca T Ferreira1, Yaowu Yuan1
1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.

1. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal(CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
Floral colour is a primary signal in plant–animal interactions. The association between red flowers and bird pollination is well known, explained by both the ‘bee avoidance’ and ‘bird attraction’ hypotheses. Nevertheless,these two hypotheses have rarely been tested together
at the population level in terms of colour perception
per se. Nicotiana glauca is a hummingbird-pollinatedplant whose tubular flowers are also visited by nectar
robbing bees in its native range. Flowers are typicallyyellow for the human eye, while scattered populations
in northwestern Argentina include from yellow-flowered plants to red-flowered plants. We quantified flower colour by measuring the spectral reflectance (300700 nm) of tube, limb and calyx of five flowers from 60
plants in a colour polymorphic population. To estimate
flower colour perception by pollinators and nectar rob-

The evolution of floral traits associated with specialized plant-pollinator interactions (pollination
syndrome) enables divergence in reproductive
strategies and is key for the diversification of flowering plants. Pollination syndromes are widely observed in flowering plants with a prime example in
the Mimulus genus where hummingbird-pollinatedM. cardinalis flowers are larger, red in color, with exserted stamens and pistils whereas self-pollinated M. parishii have small, inconspicuous, pale pinkflowers with minimal anther-stigma separation. Although the variation of some pollination syndrome
traits such as flower color has been relatively wellunderstood from a genetic perspective, very little
is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation of more polygenic traits such as
flower size, stamen length, and pistil length. Here we
report the identification of a quantitative trait locus(QTL) controlling pistil length variation between the783

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hummingbird-pollinated M. cardinalis and self-pollinated M. parishii. Introgression of this QTL from M.
cardinalis to M. parishii resulted in a near-isogenic
line with increased pistil length (3 mm longer than
the wild-type M. parishii). Fine-scale recombination
mapping using the near-isogenic line narrowed
the causal gene down to a small genomic region.
Transcriptomic data indicated several potential
candidate genes controlling the pistil length variation observed. Functional characterization of candidate genes in this interval is underway. These results suggest that even polygenic, dimensional traits
such as pistil length can be genetically dissected
through the construction of near-isogenic lines, recombination mapping, and subsequent transgenic
characterization, an approach that will enable us tosystematically study the pollination syndrome evolution in the monkeyflower system.

reductases, was pinpointed in this region. The system revealed standing genetic variation in color and odor, and potential pleiotropy. This study
sheds light on early differentiation in Ophrys, providing a crucial genomic region and phenotypic
traits for subsequent research, while highlighting
the importance of a multifaceted approach tounraveling plant speciation in species with large
genomes.

P.1544 Floral size andpollination visitation rate inpolymorphic populations ofDigitalis purpurea along an
altitudinal gradient
Pamela Espinoza-Peñaloza1, Mónica
Móraes Ramírez1, Sissi Lozada-Gobilard1,2

P.1543 Floral and genomic
divergence identified atearly stage of speciation in
the Ophrys aveyronensis
system

1 Instituto de Ecología, Unidad de Botánica (Herbario Nacional de Bolivia - LPB), Universidad Mayorde San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia. 2 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Anaïs Gibert1, Joris A.M. Bertrand1
1 Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.
Adaptive radiation in Ophrys orchids results incomplex floral phenotypes characterized by variation in scent, color and shape. Using a newly developed pipeline for quantifying these complex
phenotypes, this study investigates how trait divergence arises at early stages of speciation. Integrating trait network and quantitative genetics
with reverse and forward genomic approaches
and Genotyping-by-Sequencing data, we investigated in six populations of Ophrys aveyronensis
experiencing recent allopatry: (i) multi-trait variation and integration, (ii) identification of phenotypic/genomic regions under divergent selection,and (iii) the genetic bases of trait variation. Potential signature of divergent selection on macularcolor and convergent selection (or canalisation)
on floral morphology and odor were detected, using a PST-FST approach. A large genomic island
associated with variation in alkane production
was revealed using forward genetic approaches. A gene potentially associated with fatty acidbiosynthesis, encoding enoyl-acyl carrier protein

Flowers exhibit different traits that vary in scent,shape, color, and size to be more attractive todifferent pollinators. Floral color polymorphism
occurs in some species due to abiotic and biotic agents. Within-population flower color variation
are good models to understand microevolutionary processes. In this study we analyze flower size
variation and pollinator visitation rate in polymorphic populations (white, pink, and violet) of Digitalis purpurea along an altitudinal gradient from2,500 to 3,800 in Yungas of Bolivia. Digitalis purpurea is native to Western Europe, introduced toSouth America in different places through independent events. In Bolivia is rapidly expanding andprobably competing for resources and pollinatorswith the native flora. Our aim is to understand how
flower size and within-population flower color varyalong the altitudinal gradient and how this affects
pollinator visitation rate. We expect to find a decrease in flower size and visitation rate with altitude due to more difficult environments at high altitudes; as well as difference in size and visitation
within populations between the different flower
color morphs. We measured flower size and observed pollinators in six population of D. purpurea
along the gradient. Preliminary results show thatpolymorphic populations (two or three morphs)
occur in low altitudes only, and a variation in flower
size between color morphs and altitude. We found784

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violet flowers larger than white at higher altitudes(>3,000 m), while the opposite was found at lower altitudes (<3,000 m). Lower pollinator visitation
rate was observed in white and pink flowers, butlegitimate visits of mainly Bombus sp. in violet andpink morphs. We are currently quantifying fitness(fruit and seed set) to estimate phenotypic selection per site and color morph. Our results contribute to better understanding how D. purpurea reproduces and how is adapting in this new habitat.

will provide new knowledge about interrelationshipbetween anthocyanin and fragrance biosynthesis.

P.1545 Molecular analysis
for multiple functions about
flavanone 3-hydroxylasefrom Cyclamen
purpurascens

Juan I. Moreira-Hernández1, Cristina
Rodríguez-Otero1, Øystein H. Opedal1

P.1546 Interplay between
population mating systemand temporal variationof pollination reliability inDalechampia vines

1 Speciation, Adaptation, and Co-evolution Research Group (SPACE), Department of Biology, Lund
University, Sweden.

Riho Mikami1, Yusuke Akita1
1 Graduate school of Engineering, Saitama Instituteof technology, Saitama, Japan.
Fragrant wild cyclamen, Cyclamen purpurascens
has pale-purple flowers, and attractive fragrance
resembling rose, hyacinth, or lily of the valley. The
flower of C. purpurascens contains a kind of anthocyanin, malvidin 3,5-diglucoside (Mv3,5dG) as
main component of flower coloration and monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aromatic compounds
as fragrance component. Several enzyme genes
involved in flavonoid biosynthesis have been isolated from C. purpurascens, however, flavanone
3-hydroxylase (F3H) has not been identified yet. F3H,
belongs to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) family, is one of the key enzymes
for flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Moreover, some
reports suggested that F3H had multiple functions
not only for flavanone 3-hydroxylation but also flavonols synthesis or fragrance biosynthesis. To analyze the multiple functions of F3H in C. purpurascens,
we isolated the complete open reading frame of theF3H gene (CpurF3H) from C. purpurascens and tried
some experiment such as the expression analysis
by qRT- PCR, in vitro enzyme assay, and functional analysis using f3h mutant in Arabidopsis (tt6). In
this presentation, we will show about the function of
CpurF3H for anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway andflower coloration. We will also discuss the functionality about CpurF3H for fragrance biosynthesis, andthe relationship with CpurFLS2, previously isolated as
flavonol synthase from C. purpurascens. Our results

The ongoing worldwide decline of pollinators andthe ecosystem services they provide raises theurgent need to understand how angiosperms
respond evolutionarily to changing pollination
environments. In plants with mixed mating systems, significant interpopulation variation in local
mating system and the floral traits that mediateit has been revealed by several studies, but it remains unknown how such variation is related totemporal changes in pollination reliability andreproductive success. Using multiyear data fromthe tropical vine Dalechampia scandens, we propose a framework to link interpopulation variation
in local mating system with temporal changes inpollination reliability. Our results show that highly
herkogamous (i.e. more outcrossing) populations
experienced greater absolute change in pollination reliability between years than populations
with low herkogamy and which are more prone toselfing. In contrast, proportional variation in pollination reliability was negatively correlated withherkogamy. Moreover, we found that high percent annual changes in reliability predict greater
fitness losses for low herkogamous populations
when outcross pollination is unreliable. However,these same conditions increase the reproductive assurance value of herkogamy and allow for
the maintenance of selfing. Taken together, ourresults suggest that the locally adapted mating
system of a population can reflect long-term
patterns of pollination reliability, and that traits
facilitating selfing can be especially advantageous for populations exposed to significant fitness losses due to high fluctuations in the pollination environment.

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P.1547 Floral nectar andmorphology differ in
adaptive potential to novel
pollination environments
Andrés Romero-Bravo1, Maria C.
Castellanos1
1 University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Pollinator changes can trigger rapid adaptivechange in flowers. However, despite the integration
between floral traits, different traits may responddifferently to novel selection pressures. While corolladimensions tend to be canalised in specialized systems to maintain pollination accuracy, nectar traits
can be more sensitive to environmental factors.
Studying the interactions between additive genetic
variance, environmental sensitivity and genetic correlations across the floral phenotype remains a key
issue to explain the patterns of flower evolution andadaptation to changes in pollinators. Introduced
populations of Digitalis purpurea have experienced
recent rapid evolution in floral morphology, but notin nectar traits, under novel pollination environ-ments that include hummingbirds as effective pollinators. Here, we used this study system to compare
phenotypic plasticity, heritability, evolvability andintegration of floral morphology and nectar traits
in a multi-population common garden with controlled crosses. Dimensions of the corolla presented
higher heritable variation and lower plasticity thannectar traits, with nectar concentration being themost plastic trait. The proximal section of the corolla,
which regulates access to nectar and has undergone convergent adaptive change in introduced
populations, showed less integrated dimensions
than the rest of the corolla. While the length of theproximal corolla was more evolvable than that of
the rest of the corolla, nectar production rate was
the most evolvable trait of the floral phenotype. Our
results suggest that the different roles of the proximal and distal sections of the corolla of D. purpurea
led to evolutionary autonomous intra-floral modules, allowing each section to respond differently
to the novel selection pressures acting in the introduced populations. This is an example of how floral
modularity plays a fundamental role in maintaining
flower evolvability and enables quick adaptive responses in very short time scales.

S.174. USING GENOMIC DATA TO
UNDERSTAND THE BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
OF LICHENS
tralia. 5 Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand. 6
Northwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Saudarkrokur, Iceland. 7 State Museum of Natural History
Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. 8 Museo Nacional deCiencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.

P.1548 Multiple colonization
events of the intertidal
and supralittoral zones
by lichen-forming
Verrucariaceae
Daniel Fernández-Costas1, Luis
González-Gallego2-1, Ulf Schiefelbein3,
Cécile Gueidan4, Allison Knight5, Starri
Heidmarsson6, HolgerThüs7, Asunción delos Ríos8, Sergio Pérez-Ortega1
1 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 2 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. 3 Botanical
Garden, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. 4
CSIRO Australian National Herbarium, Canberra, Aus-

The lichen-forming fungal fungi family Verrucariaceae (Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota) contains
about 950 species in 43 genera, several of which
are found in aquatic environments. Many of these
species are known to have an exclusively marine
distribution, in the intertidal and supralittoral zonesof rocky coasts in temperate and cold regions, oreven in the subtidal zone where they are always
submerged under water (as is the case of Verrucaria serpuloides). Several genera of taxa growing in such environments have been describedin recent years. Several studies have raised thequestion of whether all these lineages have thesame origin or, on the contrary, represent several

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colonization events of this of environment. So far,the sampling of taxa in this group of organisms
has prevented a clear answer to this question. We
have now expanded the data on marine Verrucariaceae to include data new European species
as well as data from species collected in different
areas of the Southern Hemisphere, such as Antarctica and South America. We have used five genetic regions (nrITS, RPB1, nrLSU, Mcm7, nrSSU) andBayesian and Maximum Likelihood inference toreconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among
the marine genera described in the Verrucariaceae (Hydropunctaria, Mastodia, Turgidosculum,
Verrucaria s.l., Verrucariopsis and Wahlenbergiella) and to analyse the number of independentcolonizations of the marine environment.

P.1549 The marine
Verrucariceae in Southern
South America andmaritime Antarctica

locus-based algorithms (ASAP, GMYC, bPTP) anda robust phylogeny using five genomic regions(nrITS, RPB1, nrLSU, Mcm7, nrSSU). Our results showthat the number of species in the group has been
underestimated and we propose several new taxa
for science. We also address the question of therelationship between the genus Wahlenbergiella and Mastodia, including a re-evaluation of thegenus Mastodia.

P.1550 Disentangling
the population structureof Cladonia carneola(Lecanorales, Ascomycota)in the Northern Hemisphere
Raquel Pino-Bodas1, Troy McMullin2,
Miguel de Celis Rodríguez3, Ana Rosa
Burgaz3
1.Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain. 2.
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada. 3.
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Daniel Fernández-Costas1, Ulf
Schiefelbein2, Leopoldo G. Sancho3,
Asunción de los Ríos4, SergioPérezOrtega1
1 Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 2 Botanical Garden, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. 3 Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. 4 Museo Nacional deCiencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Verrucariaceae (Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota) is
a family of lichen-forming fungi with 43 genera
and about 950 species. Interestingly, several lineages within the family have colonised the marine environment, particularly the intertidal andsupralittoral zones of the temperate and cold
rocky coasts of both hemispheres. Although thesystematics of the group has recently been addressed and several new genera have been described in recent years, this research has mainly
focused on the northern hemisphere and most of
the molecularly studied species come from Europe. The diversity of marine Verrucariaceae in theSouthern Hemisphere is known to be high, but theirtaxonomy has not been reviewed for decades, andnever with modern molecular approaches. We investigated the diversity of marine Verrucariaceae
in southern South America and maritime Antarctica using a modern integrative approach, including automated species delimitation using single

Genetic diversity and gene flow among populations are crucial for the survival of species and indicate their potential adaptation to environmental changes. We investigated the genetic diversity
and population structure of Cladonia carneola, abipolar species that grows mainly on stumps anddecaying wood of conifers, sometimes on richhumus soils. It is a rare species, most abundantin the circumpolar area of the northern hemisphere. Its distribution in the Iberian Peninsula islimited, only a few populations are known, being
the ones in the Sistema Central mountains thesouthernmost known in Europe. To achieve thisaim, populations from different biogeographicalregions of the Northern Hemisphere were sampled. Specimens were collected in Andorra, Canada, Finland, Norway, Spain and Switzerland. Population structure is assessed using the RadSeq
approach. On the base of small population size
and their geographical distance from the rest of
the populations we hypothesise that populations
from central Spain have low genetic diversity andare genetically isolated.

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S.175. USING HIGHTHROUGHPUT SEQUENCING
TO UNDERSTAND PLANT EVOLUTION ON
ISLANDS IN A DATARICH ERA: NEW INSIGHTSFOR NEW CHALLENGES.
P.1552 Genomic studyof endemic species ofHelianthemum (Cistaceae)
in the Canary Islands
Rafael G. Albadalejo1, Sara MartínHernanz1,2, María Olangua-Corral3, Alfredo
Reyes-Betancort4, Arnoldo SantosGuerra4, Abelardo Aparicio1
1 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. 2 Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Jardín
Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Las Palmas deGran Canaria, Spain. 4 Jardín de Aclimatación dela Orotava, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
The Canary Islands are considered one of the mostappealing oceanic island systems worldwide, fromboth geological and biological perspectives. Theircomplex geological history has resulted in a wide
range of habitats, which has led to rapid diversification in many lineages and an extremely rich biota
with a high degree of endemicity. The colonization of
the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) in the CanaryIslands has resulted in a recent evolutionary radiation of 15 endemic species, most of them remarkably
stenochorous and critically endangered. They constitute cradles of diversity as they are in an incipient process of diversification. However, taxonomic
boundaries between species are unclear, and thelevels of genetic variation have never been studiedin most of them. Here, we analyse the genetic variation of c. 200 individuals from 20 populations and
11 species using genotyping-by-sequencing data
to provide useful information for their conservationand management. The analysis of species delimitation, carried out using coalescence, recognizes all
but two of the described species, H. gonzalezferreriand H. bramwelliorum. They inhabit the same islandof Lanzarote and should be considered as a single
species according with its low genetic divergence.
Both, the phylogenetic network and the STRUCTURE
analyses suggest that hybridization has had a limit-

ed impact on the evolutionary history of this lineage.
Species-level genetic diversity is dramatically low,
ranging from P.03 (e.g., H. bramwelliorum and H. linii)
to P.36 (H. tholiforme). The demographic analyses
are consistent with the low genetic diversity, supporting the existence of scenarios with strong bottlenecks associated to the origin of species and low
current effective population sizes. These results havedirect implications for conservation strategies andpolicies in the Canary Islands.

P.1553 Where to invade?
Bioclimatic invasibility as atool to predict invasion
Alberto de la Rosa Padilla1, Victoria E.
Martín Osorio1, Wolf H. Wildpret Martín2,
Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre1
1 Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología
Vegetal, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, España. 2
Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography ResearchGroup. Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology.
University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
This study aims to determine the optimal invasion
scenarios for invasive alien species in the evergreen
cloudforest of the Anaga Rural Park (Biosphere Reserve), Tenerife, Canary Islands. To meet the objective, a total of 82 species have been inventoried
using a geobotanical information system (GBOTIS),
which are, according to the classification applied in
the List of Wild Species of the Canary Islands (2019),
37 sure introduced invasive (from Spanish; ISI), 25
sure introduced non-invasive (ISN), 2 sure introduced albeit with missing data (ISF), 16 probably introduced (IP) and 2 are new alien taxa (NC). Nine IAS
were identified, defined as having “greater impact”
according to legislative, scientific and abundance/
extension aspects of the taxon itself in situ. The environmental variables of the potential range of theevergreen cloudforest of Anaga that can influence
the invasion process were characterized, with altitude being the variable that has the greatest influ-

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ence on the distribution of species. Data on the distribution of IAS in Anaga have been correlated withthe bioclimatic belts and occupied vegetation belts
and a new concept called Bioclimatic Invasibility is
proposed to define the susceptibility of invasion ofhomogeneous bioclimatic zones based on thermoclimatic and ombroclimatic factors. The habitats
with the greatest susceptibility to invasion are also
determined at the level of Climactic Domain (Association) or Climactic Territory (Alliance). Bioindicative IAS of habitat invasion have been defined. The
variation in the distribution of these species acrossbioclimatic parameters will serve to observe andpredict trends of increasing temperatures and climate change in the Canary Islands. It is consideredthat knowledge about IAS populations and theirchorology is very relevant to be able to establish adiachronic monitoring study in the evergreen cloudforest of the Anaga Rural Park.

P.1554 Exploring floral trait
adaptation to ornitophilyand entomophily: A
genomic examination of two
Macaroneasian endemics
Lluis Garcia Mir1, Dario Ojeda Alayon2,
Javier Fuertes Aguilar1
1 Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación,
Real Jardín Botánico CSIC, Madrid, España. 2 Department of Forest Biodiversity, Norwegian Instituteof Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Viken, Norway.
Across the Macaronesian islands, several lineages
independently adapted their flower structures tobird pollination. In contrast with the genetic basis ofadaptation to entomophilous pollination, this convergent adaptation of floral traits to interacting with
non-specialist birds remains largely unexplored.
Using comparative, functional and evolutionary genomics in three species of Malvaceae with contrasting pollination syndromes and a shared phylogenetic history, the Canarian endemics ornitophilous
Navaea phoenicea and entomophilous Malva canariensis, and its mediterranean sister entomophilous Malva wigandii, we performed genome andtranscriptome sequencing, assembly, annotation
and analysis of gene sequence and expression to
explore the genomic mechanisms by which pollinator shifts exert natural selection on floral traits.
Genome sequencing with Illumina and PacBio reconstructed de novo draft assemblies highly frag-mented but complete at gene space. Further, we
assembled high coverage Illumina floral transcriptome data across five pre- and anthetic flower developmental stages. The results show that for mostgene families involved in morphological, anatomical, biochemical and physiological traits examined,
the gene content, sequence evolution and gene
expression profiles are similar between ornitophilous and entomophilous species, yet, several candidate genes show unique features associated toeach pollination syndrome, in each of the steps ofadvertisement, mechanical interaction and reward
to pollinators, that eventually determine the fitnessof pollination. In brief, the gene expression of entomophilous species is directed to produce a pale
blue petal pigmentation and an epidermal surface
mainly composed of sinuous cells, while N. phoenicea produces a salmon-like color pigment suite,
and its transcriptional regulation of sinuous celldifferentiation is also almost absent, leading petal
epidermal surface be mainly composed of tabularcells. The higher expression of transcription factors
related to floral nectary inception results in a bigger
floral nectary area, and the higher production of parenchymatic carbohydrate biosynthesis machinery
results in a higher outcome of secreted nectar.

P.1555 Resolving
cryptogenic species within
the Compositae acrossthe Canary Islands using ageneralized demographicbased approach

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Louis S. Jay-García1, 2, Yurena Arjona1, 2,
Raúl Orihuela-Rivero1, 2, Guillermo SiciliaPasos1, 2, Miguel A. Padrón-Mederos3, J.
Alfredo Reyes-Betancort3, Marcos SalasPascual4, Agustín Naranjo Cigala4, Javier
Morente-López2, Sebastien Mirolo1, 5, Juli
Caujapé-Castells6, Juan A. Calleja7, Cherif
Harrouni8, Fouad Msanda9, Stephan
Scholz10, Aurelio Acevedo11, Carlos
Cáceres Marrero4 and Jairo Patiño1, 2.
1 Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. 2 Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. 3 Jardín de Aclimatación dela Orotava - Instituto Canario de Investigaciones

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Agrarias, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain. 4 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 5 University of Liège,
Liège, Belgium. 6 Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera yClavijo” - Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Spain. 7 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 8 Hassan II Instituteof Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, Agadir, Morocco. 9- Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco. 10
Oasis Park Wildlife, Pájara, Fuerteventura, Spain. 11
Independent Researcher, El Paso, La Palma, Spain.
In the Canary Islands, about half of non-endemic
native Asteraceae are under an uncertain categoryof origin. A species is classified as cryptogenic when
there is no evidence that supports its native origin,and a (sub-)historic introduction cannot be discarded. Cryptogenic species in the Canary Islands
are often native to adjacent areas in the Mediterranean basin and/or have long-distance dispersal
traits. It is crucial to identify which cryptogenic species are exotic, particularly when they have been
proven to be invasive elsewhere. A sound exampleof this is Volutaria tubuliflora, a thistle that is native tothe north of Africa and introduced in mainland Spainbut considered probably native to the Canarian archipelago. There are no general evidence-based
criteria to assess cryptogenic species. We propose
here the use of a genome-wide sequencing technique (ddRAD-seq) as an ideal approach to assess
the cryptogenic status of 22 Canarian species fromthe three main subfamilies within Asteraceae. We
aim to test which scenario best explains the spatial
distribution of genomic variation between the continental and insular distribution range, and whether
demographic pathways best fit single or recurrent
human-mediated introductions or natural colonization events. Specifically, we have collected around2700 samples from all 8 main islands and two adjacent continental areas (South Iberian Peninsula andthe Macaronesian enclave of Morocco). The different demographic patterns that we have obtained
allow us to hypothesize the native or exotic originof the selected species. Our results help to improveoceanic island biodiversity conservation, particularly decision-making in exotic species management.

P.1556 Phylogenomics ofAgave, biogeography andgenome size evolution
across the Caribbean

Corcoran2, Paul Rees2, Amy Barker2,
Stuart Cable2, Bryan Naqqi Manco3,
Dodly Prosper3, Junel Blaise3, Erika Aguirre
Planter1, Abisaí J. García-Mendoza4, Jorge
Nieto Sotelo4, Jesús Gutiérrez4, Luis E
Eguiarte1, Ilia J. Leitch2, Juan Viruel2*
1 Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México. 2 Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew. Richmond, UK. 3 Department of Environment and Coastal Resources, National Environmental Centre, Lower Bight Road,
Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands. 4 Jardín
Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. *Contact: j.viruel@kew.org, juanviruel@gmail.
com Agave is a culturally important genus, withmore than 70 traditional uses recorded in Mexico,
highlighting the production of alcoholic beverages (pulque, mezcal and tequila). Some species(i.e., Agave tequilana, A. angustifolia, A. salmianaetc.) have been described with a domestication
gradient. Agavespecies have a monocarpic life
cycle, with the often-large inflorescence arising from the terminal growing point of the plant,
meaning the flowering head dies after flowering.
Agavespp. have large haploid genomes, estimated between 2,940 and 4,100 Mbp (1Cx); anddisplaying various levels of ploidy (2x, 3x, 4x, 5x,
6x and 8x).It is a relatively young genus (8-10Mya),currently containing 287 accepted species,
with its center of diversity found in Mexico (ca.
80% of the species).
However, scarce information about the evolutionary and biogeographic origin of the 50 Agave
known species occurring across the Caribbean.
In our project, we will test different hypothesis ofcolonization from Mesoamerica to the six sections described for Caribbean agaves. We havesequenced 279 samples belonging to 204 taxa
with hundreds of nuclear genes using a target
capture approach, which quadruple the numberof species sequenced in previous phylogenetic
studies based solely in a few Sanger-sequenced
regions. We included 17 species representativesof the six sections of the genus described in the
Caribbean. Using phylogenomic approaches, wereconstructed biogeographic patterns to discern
if agaves dispersed across the Caribbean froma single or multiple colonization events. Additionally, we investigate the evolutionary patterns ofgenome size and polyploidy.

Karen Y. Ruiz Mondragón1, José Ignacio
Márquez-Corro2, Sara Barrios2, Marcella790

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P.1557 Caribbean
Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae):
species delimitation,
biogeography, andconservation genetics
of endangered Z.
thomasianum
Thomas Heller1, Sara Barrios1, Jeanine
Vélez-Gavilán2, José A. Sustache3, Martin
A. Hamilton1,4, Omar A. Monsegur-Rivera5,
Nancy Woodfield-Pascoe6, Steven
Dodsworth7, Rocio Pérez Barrales7,8, Marc
S. Appelhans9, Juan Viruel1*
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. 2 University of
Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. 3 Department of Natural and Environmental Resources,
San Juan, Puerto Rico. 4 South Carolina Botanical Garden at Clemson University, USA. 5 US Fish
and Wildlife Service, Caribbean Ecological Services Field Office, Puerto Rico. 6 National Parks
Trust of the Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands. 7
Portsmouth University, UK. 8 University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 9 Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Germany. *Contact: j.viruel@kew.org,
juanviruel@gmail.com

peting classifications and clarify uncertain species delimitation. Combining phylogenetic andmorphometric approaches, this work is urgently
required for robust conservation prioritisation.
Biogeography of Zanthoxylum in the Caribbean.
Representing a case study in Caribbean biogeography, we aim to reconstruct the evolutionary
history of the genus in the region. Phylogenetic
approaches will be used to better understand theprocesses behind the high diversity of the Caribbean. Conservation genetics and ecology of theZ. thomasianum. Sequence data from population-level samples of this threatened tree species
from the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico will be analysed to better understand population genetic
structure, diversity and inbreeding. Combinedwith ecological data collected in the field (variation in the reproductive ecology of populations),
those data will be used to design a conservation
plan for the species.

Target capture enables the recovery of hundredsof nuclear genes from a broad range of materials, such as old herbarium specimens and recently collected plant tissue. These new tools
are of great utility for answering evolutionary
and conservation questions at a broad range ofscales, from relationships among plants at theordinal level down to infra-specific population
structure. The genus Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae)
in the Caribbean, with high diversity and manytaxonomic uncertainties, as well as facing acutehuman-driven threats, presents many questions
to which these new molecular tools are well suited to answering. In this research, DNA sequencedata, using the universal target capture bait set
Angiosperms353 in combination with custom
baits optimised for the genus, have been generated for over 670 samples. This represents 41
taxa of Zanthoxylum from across the Caribbean, and hundreds of population-level samples
of Endangered Z. thomasianum. These data arebeing used to advance knowledge in three ways:
Systematics of Zanthoxylum Sect. Tobinia. In thispoorly understood group, we seek to test com-791

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S.176. USING PLANTS FOR RESTORATION,CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OFFRESHWATER HABITATS
P.1558 Inventory,
assessment and monitoringof plant conservation in
two emblematic Tunisianwetlands: Dar Fatma peatbog and Garâa Sejenan

populations are respectively the largest in the world
and North Africa. Having never benefited from protection, it was only in 2021 that Garâa Sejenane waslisted as a private Ramsar site. Botanical surveys
carried out regularly for over 15 years on both sites
have enabled us to inventory, map and assess theflora, particularly the heritage taxa. Traditional protocols for monitoring the remarkable plants andhabitats of these two sites have also been drawn up.
Involving managers, farmers and civil society, they
are an essential tool for effective conservation andmanagement of the ecosystem as a whole. They will
enable to intervene rapidly, if necessary, to preventany degradation.

Imtinen Ben Haj Jilani1,2, Amina DaoudBouattour2, Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar2,3,
Imen Khemiri4, Sami Dhouib4, Serge D.
Muller5
1 Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie. 2 Biogéographie,
Climatologie Appliquée et Dynamiques Environnementales, Faculté des Lettres, des Arts et Humanitésde Manouba, Université de Manouba, Manouba,
Tunisie. 3 Association la Recherche en Action, REACT, Cité des Sciences-Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie. 4 World
Wildlife Fund North Africa, Tunis, Tunisie. 5 Institut
des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Dar Fatma peat bog and Garâa Sejenane are twoemblematic wetlands in northern Tunisia. Dar Fatma is one of the few Sphagnum moss peat habitats
in North Africa, with a unique hydrological functioning revealed by the presence of several tremblants.
Home to several rare habitats and species, the bog
has been a Nature Reserve since 1993 and a Ramsar site since 2007. However, over the last ten years
or so, the site has come under serious threat and isin urgent need of new protection measures. Garâa
Sejenane is a former lake of around 1,500 ha, drainedsince the late 1950s. The high anthropic pressure exerted on this wetland has profoundly altered it, leading to the local extinction of 11 species, 5 of which areextinct in Tunisia. However, the residual habitats arestill of major conservation interest, hosting almost 80
wetland taxa, 1/3 of which are rare and/or threatened. Rumex tunetanus, a strict endemic of the site
is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), Persicaria
amphibia, is extremely rare in Tunisia and found only
in Garâa Sejenane, the Mediterranean endemic Pilularia minuta (CR) and Elatine macropoda, whoseP.1559 New tools for themonitoring of Ruppia
spiralis in a restored
landscapeJordi Bou1,2, Nerina Gilbert1, Adrià
Casacuberta1, Fiona Corominas1, Diego
Varga1,2, Xavier D. Quintana3
1 LAGP, Institute of the Environment, University ofGirona, Girona, Spain. 2 BioLand – Biodiversity andlandscape research group, University of Girona, Girona, Spain. 3 GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology,
University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
Coastal wetlands provide a wide variety of ecosystem services. In the northern mediterraneanbasin, these ecosystems have been severely transformed by urbanization and tourism development.
Restoration is needed to recover their biodiversity
and ecosystems functions. Macrophytes that livein these environments are relevant, among others,
for their role in water and nutrient cycles and habitat supply and are related to high ecological state.
Specifically, in mediterranean coastal lagoons, thehydrophyte Ruppia spiralis can be found. Despite its
ecological importance, there are few studies on thespecies due to the limitations of traditional samplingtechniques. Currently, this issue can be solved withthe use of unmanned aerial vehicles and high-res-792

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olution remote sensors that are able to calculatedifferent vegetation indices. The main objective of
this work is to study the cover of R. spiralis over timein a restored landscape and to assess if information
provided by remote sensors can help in estimating
macrophyte recovery. The study was conductedin the wetlands of Baix Ter (NE Iberian Peninsula),
where different restoration projects have been developed since 1999 to recover natural ecosystems.
Four coastal lagoons were selected and have been
seasonally monitored since 2023. In each sampling
campaign, vegetation transects to measure thecover of R. spiralis were carried out. Simultaneously,
multispectral images of the lagoons were obtainedwith drone flights. Six different vegetation indiceshave been calculated with the images (e.g., NDVI).
The results show that the distribution and coverageof R. spiralis vary along the lagoon system. Seasonality is not well-marked, which could be explained by
the plant’s biology and other environmental factors.
Vegetation indices show limitations on the detectionof R. spiralis, however GNDVI seems to be effective
in winter when there is a poor algal development.
Such findings should be taken into consideration for
future monitoring programs.

P.1560 Macroinvertebrate
and environmental
responses to dredging andsubmerged macrophytes
transplantation
Hong Fu1,2
1 State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology andBiotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. 2
School of Geography and water@leeds, Universityof Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems is a global problem, but restoration can be difficult due toongoing problems relating to water pollution, sedimentary nutrient stores, and altered aquatic biodiversity. Mitigation of Eutrophication is often conducted alongside transplantation of submerged
macrophytes and dredging, but knowledge of ecosystem response to post-dredging transplantationof submerged macrophytes is limited. We report along-term (2008-2018) in-situ monitoring study toevaluate the effects of different restoration measures: dredging only (Dredged) and dredged withpost transplantation of submerged macrophytes(Dredged with macrophytes) conducted in fivesubtropical eutrophic lakes, Taihu basin. Water andsediment nutrients, bloom-forming algae Microcystis, and macroinvertebrate were monitored every
two years for each treatment and compared withreference areas (Control) established in unrestored
parts of the same lake. Dredging only decreased
sediment nutrients (e.g., carbon, phosphorus) significantly, however, this effect diminished about five
years later. Dredged with macrophytes had a stronger, longer-lasting positive effect on water quality
than dredged alone. Disturbance caused by dredging (without macrophytes transplantation) decreased the biomass of Microcystis, while transplantation of macrophytes shortly after dredging did notcontribute to the decreasing of Microcystis biomass.
The biomass of Microcystis in Dredged with macrophytes areas was always similar with Control overthe period of our monitoring. A positive effect of submerged macrophytes transplantation post-dredging was found for macroinvertebrate abundanceand diversity: Dredged with macrophytes areas had
significantly higher macroinvertebrate biomass andrichness than Dredged areas after 9 years’ recovery.
Macroinvertebrate richness in Dredged with macrophytes areas nearly doubled compared to Control;
while Dredged areas were just restored to Control
levels. Synthesis and applications: Our study provides an long-term field monitoring with new findings about the benefits and caution of submerged
macrophytes transplantation post-dredging andthe effect of partial restoration, which could inform
eutrophic waterbody restoration schemes.

P.1561 Impact andresponses to kaolin mines
restoration on Tagus river’s
macrophyte communities
Nadia Javandel1, María D. Bejarano1
1 Department of Natural Systems and Resources,
Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
This study examines the impacts of kaolin mining restoration on macrophyte communities in the Tagus
river’s headwaters, within the Alto Tajo Natural Park.
Through systematic sampling from 2020 to 2023, weanalyzed species composition, coverage, substrate,
and water depth across ten transects in seven river
reaches, categorized as upstream (control), downstream (impacted), and further downstream (recovered). Despite restoration efforts in 2021, findings

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indicate a lower increase in macrophyte diversity inaltered reaches compared to control sites. Chara
vulgaris and Riccia fluitans emerged as dominant
species across all reaches post-restoration. The
consistent river substrate and water depth supported the observed macrophyte patterns, highlighting the mining’s influence through increased finesediment. The study reveals that while macrophyte
diversity has increased, the restoration was insufficient for full ecological recovery within three years. It
underscores the need for ongoing ecological monitoring to refine restoration strategies in industrial-impacted freshwater ecosystems.

P.1562 Nature-based
solutions for wastewaterreuse and storage capacity
improvement of water
infrastructures in agriculture
Raquel Marijuan Cuevas 1, Nuria
Fernández Rico 1, Bárbara Díez Rodríguez
1, Raúl Sánchez Francés 1, Isabel Martín
García 2, Khalid Fahd Draissi 2, Mª Pilar
Flores Sáenz 2, Guillermo Solís Sastre2, Jordi Serramia Ruiz 3, Natalia Gómez
Mateu 3, Patricia Briega Martos 3, Hugo
Riquelme Ortega3

can contribute to increase the availability of water
resources for agriculture, reducing the withdrawal
of better-quality conventional resources for otheruses. In the NATMed project, we design and develop
NbS to 1) using treated wastewater for irrigation purposes, and 2) improve the storage capacity of water
infrastructures. On one hand, we study the most optimal combination of several types of ConstructedWetlands (CW) or wastewater depuration, previous
to reclamation treatment for reaching the EU Regulation (2020/741) for irrigation purposes. On the other
hand, we design Floating Gardens to prevent water
evaporation and microalgae growing and increase
the capacity of water storage reservoirs. In addition,
when adequately designed and managed, both approaches provide further benefits related to biodiversity conservation and management. We predictthat the NbS implemented can set the basis not only
for more sustainable water management practices
able to integrate traditional treatment methods withnew innovative technologies, but also contribute toattain biodiversity conservation and management
goals.

P.1563 Habitat quality
assessment using indicatorspecies in Atlantic riverside
forests
Eva Martínez-Veiga1, Jaime Fagúndez1,2
1 Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Bioloxía, A Coruña, Spain. 2 Universidade da Coruña,
BIOCOST research group, Centro Interdisciplinar deQuímica e Bioloxía, A Coruña, Spain.

1 CARTIF Technology Centre, Valladolid, Spain. 2
AMAYA Environment and Water Agency of Andalusia, Seville, Spain. 3 Singular Green, Alicante, Spain.
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) play a crucial role in
the restoration, conservation and management offreshwater ecosystems. NbS build on natural processes to address environmental and social challenges, benefiting both people and nature. NbS canprovide a range of water-related Ecosystem Services necessary for healthy ecosystems, such as
water storage and purification, soil erosion reduction
and flood control, and other water-dependent Ecosystem Services related to biodiversity conservation.
Furthermore, maintaining healthy ecosystems has
a direct effect on improving water availability. However, freshwater ecosystems face several threats.
Overexploitation of water resources for agriculture
is one of the main threats of water ecosystems andis the major cause of human pressure on natural
waters systems and loss of aquatic ecosystems.
Therefore, it is necessary to implement NbS thatThe European Atlantic alluvial forests dominated byalder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) are priority conservation habitats
according to the European Union legislation, thatprovide essential ecosystem services. Despite theirhigh conservation value, they are in decline due tofactors such as land use changes to forestry, agriculture, changes in hydrological dynamics and the
intrusion of invasive exotic species, which impacts
the structure and functionality of this habitat. Using
indicator species to address habitat quality or conservation status is a standard method that balances field work effort with reliable results. However, themain challenge lies in the selection of such species,
which is generally done through literature with limited empirical assessment. In this study, we developed and tested a method to evaluate the quality794

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Galicia, Spain), based on indicator species richness.
Firstly, we performed a floristic survey of the study
area, obtaining a total species pool. Secondly, we
selected a preliminary list of 72 herbaceous plant
species that are considered indicators of good habitat quality, based on bibliographic references. We
sampled at 28 sites distributed along the river where
we recorded presence and cover of each indicator species at five 2x4 m plots. We also measured
several environmental variables such as tree cover,trunk density or diversity and we created an index
to classify each site according to its habitat quality.
The final selection of indicator species, based on thehighest correlation with the quality index, provides
the minimum number of species that explains thehighest resolution of the model. This method optimizes field work to assess habitat quality and issuitable for the rapid evaluation of riparian Atlantic
forests.

P.1564 Morphologicalvariability of Myriophyllum
spicatum correlated withdifferent physicochemicalparameters of water
Danijela Nikolić1, Irena Raca1, Ivana
Kostić Kokić1, Miodrag Đorđević1, Marina
Jušković1, Tatjana Anđelković1, Dragana
Jenačković Gocić1
1 Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Niš, Serbia.
The objective of this study was to establish correlations between the morphological variability of Myriophyllum spicatum L. and various physicochemicalparameters of water. For this purpose, 353 individuals of Myriophyllum spicatum from 15 ponds, 14 rivers, and 7 lakes in Serbia were collected and analyzed. Number of leaves in the nodus, leaf length, leaf
width, number of leaf lobe pairs, leaf lobe length, internode length, stem diameter, epidermis thickness,
primary cortex thickness, central cylinder diameter,aerenchyma thickness, aerial cavity area and number of aerial cavities were characters selected foranalysis. Spearman’s coefficient of correlation was
calculated between physicochemical parameters(pH, electroconductivity, concentrations of nitrite,
nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, fluoride, bromide andchloride ions) and morpho-anatomical characters.
Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) basedon raw data were used to explain the relationships
between morphological traits and environmental
variables. According to Spearman’s coefficient ofcorrelation pH, concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, fluoride, and bromide exhibited a moderate to high level of correlation with morphological characters. pH
showed positive correlations with characters suchas internode length, leaf width, leaf lobe length, stem
diameter, primary cortex thickness, central cylinder
diameter, aerenchyma thickness, aerial cavity area,and negative correlation with the number of leaf
lobe pairs. Nitrate and nitrite were negatively correlated with stem characters including stem diameter, primary cortex thickness, aerial cavity area, andaerenchyma thickness. CCA revealed that 41% of themorphological characters-environment relationship was explained by the first two axes. The first axis
was negatively defined by pH and positively with nitrates. The second axis was characterized positively
with chlorides and sulfates. The CCA plot differentiated the three morphological groups of the population according to the first CCA axis. The study’s
findings underscored the considerable adaptabilityof Myriophyllum spicatum to diverse environmental
conditions, shedding light on the invasive nature ofthis species in introduced regions.

P.1565 The relationshipbetween morphoanatomical traits of
Ceratophyllum demersum
and physicochemicalparameters of water
habitats
Irena Raca1, Danijela Nikolić1, Anastasija
Jevtić1, Ivana Kostić Kokić1, TatjanaAnđelković1, Miodrag Đorđević1, Dragana
Jenačković Gocić1
1 Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Niš, Serbia.
The research was designed to define the impact ofphysicochemical parameters of water (the pH value, electroconductivity, concentrations of chloride,
nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate ions)on morpho-anatomical features of Ceratophyllum
demersum. The list of morpho-anatomical features
analyzed per each of 350 individuals collected from
35 localities in Serbia was as follows: the internode
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the total teeth number per leaf, the number of leaves
without/with one/two/three/four dichotomies, andthe total number of leaves in the fifth node; the leaf
cross-section surface area, thickness, and diameter,
the total number, average and total surface areaof air cavities, the total surface area of mechanical tissue and epidermal layer thickness; the stem
cross-section surface area, the number of air cavities in the cortex, epidermal, parenchyma, aerenchyma and cortex tissue thickness, the vascular cylinder surface area and the number of hydropotes.
According to Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient(p<P.1), the concentrations of chlorides, nitrates, andphosphates showed moderate (0.30-0.49), whilebromides and sulfates expressed moderate to highlevels of correlation (0.50-1.00) with particular morpho-anatomical traits. A positive correlation was
revealed between the concentration of chlorides,
bromides, sulfates and the leaf lobe on the one, andthe concentration of phosphates and the number ofleaves without dichotomies and bromides and thenumber of hydropotes on the other hand. The concentration of bromides was negatively correlatedwith the leaf diameter, its cross-section, and the average and total surface area of air cavities. The last
mentioned two characters expressed a negative
correlation with the concentration of sulfates. The
negative correlation was confirmed for the concentration of nitrates and the epidermal layer thickness.
Finally, the correlation examined becomes particularly important when observed in the context of thephytoremediation potential of C. demersum.

P.1566 Functional responseof key plant species inecological restoration oftropical dry forest (Huila,
Colombia)
Alisson Dennis González-Cortes1, Natalia
Rodríguez-Jiménez1, Yesid Alejandro
Mariño-Macana2, Mary Lee BerdugoLattke,3,4

Universidad Central, Bogotá, Colombia. 4 Grupo deinvestigación de biodiversidad y conservación, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacionalde Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
In the process of propagating and managing key
plant species for ecological restoration, it is necessary to detail their performance in the phases ofacclimatization (nursery) and transplanting. In thisresearch, the response of four plant species fromthe tropical dry forest (TDF) was studied under different soil water availability (WA) conditions: 100%,79.6%, 65.9%, and permanent wilting point (PWP,
without irrigation). Growth, survival, and variationof functional traits were analyzed in 480 individuals(120 per species) of Ochroma pyramidale (pioneer),
Senna spectabilis (pioneer), Tabebuia rosea (intermediate-advanced), and Astronium graveolens(intermediate-advanced). The experiment included
30 individuals per treatment per specie, statisticalanalyses included linear mixed models for repeatedmeasurements, principal component analysis, ANOVA, and correlations. We found that for pioneer species, the optimum growth rate is at 79.6% (WA), while
for intermediate-advanced succession species, it is
at 79.6% and 65.9% (WA). Regarding functional traits,differential relationships were observed related to
species and treatment. However, it was common
that the functional space was defined by the contribution of variance for stem traits (diameter andpore density), followed by the proportion of secondary roots (independence with ecological role).
Ochroma pyramidale (pioneer) and Tabebuia rosea (intermediate-advanced) showed resistance todrought, Astronium graveolens (intermediate-advanced) showed tolerance to drought and Senna
spectabilis (pioneer) showed avoidance of drought
and requires more water availability. In conclusion,these key plant species for TDF ecological restoration require differential management of soil water availability to improve their response in growth,transplanting, and nursery survival. This can ensure
greater success when they are planted in the areas
to be restored.

1 Semillero Tygua, Programa de Biología, Facultad
de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Fundación Natura Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.
2 Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ingeniería yCiencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá, Colombia. 3 Grupo de investigación de agua y desarrollo sostenible, Semillero Tygua, Programa deBiología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas,

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S.177. WORLD FLORA ONLINE: DEVELOPINGTAXONOMIC CONSENSUS FOR LAND PLANTSSUPPORTING SCIENCE, CONSERVATION ANDSUSTAINABLE USE
P.1567 A new classification
system and taxonomic
synopsis for Malpighiaceae(Malpighiales, Rosids)
based on molecularphylogenetics, morphology,
palynology, and chemistry

tinction threat). We present identification keys forall subfamilies, tribes, and genera, a full morphological description for the proposed new genus,
the re-circumscription of ten genera alongside
the needed new combinations, the proposition ofseveral new synonyms, the typification of several names, and notes on the taxonomy, distribution, conservation, and ecology up to the genus
rank. Morphological plates are also provided toillustrate the immense diversity of morphologicaltraits used in the new classification and synopsis.

Rafael Felipe de Almeida1,2, Isa L. deMorais1, Thais Alves Silva1, Higor AntonioDomingues2, Marco Octávio de Oliveira
Pellegrini2
1 Universidade Estadual de Goiás, campus Sudoeste, Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil. 2 Royal Botanical
Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
Malpighiaceae has undergone unprecedented changes in its traditional classification in thepast two decades due to several phylogenetic
studies shedding light on the non-monophyly of
all subfamilies and most tribes and genera. Even
though morphological characters were used toreconstruct the last molecular generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae, a new classification system
has never been proposed for this family. Based on
a comprehensive review of the last twenty yearsof published studies for this family, we propose
a new classification system and provide a taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology,
and chemistry as a baseline for the systematics,
conservation, and taxonomy of this family worldwide. Malpighiaceae currently comprises two
subfamilies (Byrsonimoideae and Malpighioideae), 12 tribes (Acmanthereae, Acridocarpeae trib.
nov., Barnebyeae trib. nov., Bunchosieae trib. nov.,
Byrsonimeae, Galphimieae, Gaudichaudieae, Hiptageae, Hiraeeae, Malpighieae, Mcvaughieae trib.
nov., and Ptilochaeteae trib. nov.), 72 genera (incl.
Mamedea gen. nov.), and 1,495 accepted species(715 of which are currently under some kind of ex-

P.1568 Vascular plants of
Azerbaijan: a nomenclatural
checklist of nonfloweringand flowering plants
Rashad A. Salimov1,Valida Ali-zade2,
Naiba Mehdiyeva3
1 Faculty of Science, Sumgayit State University,
Sumgayit, Azerbaijan. 2 Natural History Museum,.Baku, Azerbaijan. 3 Institute of Botany, Baku, Azerbaijan.
An updated checklist of plant species increases knowledge about flora available for a given area and are
fundamental to the public awareness and conservation of plant diversity. These kinds of achievements areclosely linked to the implementation of Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Target 1. In recent years,
as part of the international projects “Caucasus Plant
Biodiversity Initiative”, 2009-2019 and World Flora Online, botanists of Azerbaijan on the basis of ongoing
systematic and an overview of nomenclature studies
and an updated classification of dicot families, including genera and infrageneric taxa of the flora of Azerbaijan, are presented. As a result of the latest research,
57 families of bryophytes (152 genera and 504 taxa),
17 families of pteridophytes (30 genera and 97 taxa),
5 families of gymnosperms (20 genera and 17 taxa)
and 27 families of monocotyledons (222 genera and974 taxa) has been recorded for the flora of Azerbai-

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jan. Currently, a systematic review and updated classification of the dicotyledonous families including thegenera and infrageneric taxa of Azerbaijan flora is ongoing. Because of the systematic and nomenclaturalresearch continues the total number of families, genera and species can be judged after the completionof the ongoing work on the checklist of the vascularplant species of Azerbaijan. It became necessary toprovide an easy update taxonomic backbone of theseplants by including all published names (both accepted names and their synonyms) and creating an electronic system. An up to date nomenclatural checklist
will be a key text to develop e-flora of Azerbaijan and isnecessary for future systematics, ecology, physiology,
ethnobotany and phytochemistry in Azerbaijan.

P.1569 The development of
an information database forthe biodiversity studies offlora in Kazakhstan
Turuspekov Y.1, Almerekova S.1,
Yermagambetova M.1, Abugalieva S.1
1 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan, being a vast and diverse country with different climate zones, is home to a rich and varied flora. The country’s flora comprises approximately 6,000
plant species, and about 10% are considered endemic. It is necessary to monitor, study constantly, and inventory wild flora using modern botany, moleculartaxonomy, and bioinformatics methods. The research
aimed to study the genetic diversity of the Kazakhstan
flora and create an information database (DB). In theframework of Program 0237/PTF (2015-2017), the genetic
diversity of endemic, rare, endangered, and wild-growing economically valuable plant species was started. In
the framework of the grant (AP05131621), an open web
resource with digitized data on the genetic diversityof flora in Kazakhstan was created. A database on the
botanical description of the collected around 450 endemic, rare, endangered, and economically useful species belonging to 233 genera and 79 families of the Kazakhstan flora has been elaborated. Continuing thesestudies on the genetic diversity analysis of plant genera
like Juniperus, Tulipa, and Salsola offers a promising avenue to gain crucial insights into their population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and potential conservation strategies. Within the scope of these studies, thefirst comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes in
Kazakhstan has been initiated.

Acknowledgments: This research has been fundedby the Science Committee of the Ministry of Scienceand Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan(BR21882166, AP14870612, AP14869593, AP09259027,
0237/PTF-14, and AP05131621).

P.1570 The flora of
Cambodia project
Visotheary Ung1
1 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité,
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université,
Université des Antilles, Paris, France.
Cambodia, located in continental Southeast Asia,
is a developing country and a biodiversity hotspot(Myers et al. 2000, Sodhi et al. 2010). France andCambodia share a long history of relations and collaboration. The French presence in Cambodia dates
back to 1863 when Cambodia became a French
protectorate. It later became part of French Indochina in 1887, alongside other French colonies andprotectorates. This French presence not only facilitated the “rediscovery” of Angkor Wat and Angkor
Thom by Henri Mouhot, a French naturalist, botanist,and entomologist, but also contributed to the collection of Cambodia’s biodiversity. The protectorate
status for Cambodia ended in 1949, and it declaredits independence in 1953.During the same period,
the “General Flora of Indo-China” (Gagnepain et al.
1907) began its publication in 1907 and continued
until 1951 by French editors. In 1960, this flora wasreinitiated as the “Flora of Cambodia, Laos, and ViêtNam”. Since 2013, it is jointly edited by the Museum
National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris and the Royal
Botanic Garden of Edinburgh.The Flora of Cambodia project arose from a simple question: why is theflora still managed jointly with Laos and Viêt-Nam?
The three countries have been independent since1954, their respective floras should be separate andpublished independently. The project’s initial phase
involves compiling an up-to-date understanding of
Cambodia’s plant life, including an inventory of collections housed at the Museum National d’Histoire
Naturelle in Paris and accessible Cambodian floristic data online through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other sources (Joyce et al.
2020).The ultimate goal is to produce a comprehensive flora of Cambodia.In the short term, the project
aims to provide an open and curated checklist ofvascular plants of Cambodia, in multiple languages,
including Khmer.

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S.178. XYLEM ANATOMY AS A CENTRAL HUB
LINKING FLUID TRANSPORT PROCESSES FROM
THE INDIVIDUAL PLANT LEVEL TO ECOSYSTEMS
P.1571 Isohydry
and anisohydry ofphotosynthetic stems – a
survey of desert ecosystems
Osedipo Adegbeyeni1, Eleinis ÁvilaLovera1
1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, USA.
The way plants regulate their water use is of paramount importance for drought tolerance and survival,
especially in desert species that face water limitation
year-round. When there is a drought, plants can either
close their stomata, limiting water loss and carbon
gain but maintaining relatively constant water potentials (Ψ), or keep their stomata open and continue gaining carbon at the expense of losing water andreducing leaf and stem Ψ. This stomatal regulation ofplant Ψ is known as the degree of iso-anisohydry. We
studied 17 species from two desert sites in southern
Utah to compare the stomatal regulation of leaves
and photosynthetic stems, and whether they differ insites with different mean annual temperature (MAT)and precipitation (MAP). Rio Mesa is located in the Colorado Plateau (MAT: 13.8 °C, MAP: 240 mm), and Beaver
Dam is located in the Mojave Desert (MAT: 15.1 °C, MAP:
264.9 mm). We did not find differences in the degreeof iso-anisohydry between leaves and photosynthetic
stems; however, we found more isohydric behavior in
species from Beaver Dam, the relatively warmer andwetter site. We also found that stem instantaneous
water-use efficiency (WUEins) was higher in Beaver
Dam, which was attributed to a lower stomatal conductance (supporting the isohydric behavior) insteadof a greater photosynthetic rate. However, there were
no differences in leaf WUEins between sites or in any
other gas exchange trait between organs and sites.
The stricter stomatal regulation in Beaver Dam may
be related to the lower (more negative) predawn andmidday Ψ experienced by plants despite its higher
MAP. Higher MAT in Beaver Dam, and potentially greater vapor pressure deficit, may be modulating these
responses. We conclude that climate has a stronger

effect on the degree of iso-anisohydry of desert plants
than the identity of the organ.

P.1572 Gelatinous
fibretracheids as anescape mechanism forthe physiological drought
phenomenon
Cátia H. Callado1; Gabriel U. C. A. Santos2;
Cláudia F. Barros3; Fábio R. Scarano4,
Cecilia G. Costa3
1 Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento
de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Roberto
Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio
de Janeiro – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 Colégio Pedro II, Duque de Caxias, Brazil. 3 Instituto de
Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Riode Janeiro, Brazil. 4 Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Alchornea sidifolia is a tree species used in theregeneration of degraded forest environments
and which grows in both non-flooded and flooded soils. We compared the wood anatomy oftrees growing under both conditions in Atlantic
Forest remnants in the state of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, to understand intraspecific aspects of theadaptation of tropical woody species to these
conditions. Trees from permanently flooded soils
showed wider, shorter, and less frequent vessel
elements; wider fibretracheids, with a greater
proportion of the gelatinous type; and a lower
frequency of radial parenchyma, but with longer
strands of axial parenchyma. These results indicate that A. sidifolia trees growing in permanently
flooded sites do not show water deficit and thatthe species is capable of maximizing water use inthis growth condition. This conclusion may be directly related to the greater proportion of gelatinous fibretracheids in flooded trees and is contrary to what was expected for wood anatomy oftrees under physiological drought.

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P.1573 The relevance ofthe successional group on
xylem embolism resistanceis size dependent

P.1574 Predicting branchscale hydraulic capacitanceacross European trees
Sonia Hernando1,2, Oliver J. Binks1, Jordi
Martínez-Vilalta1,2, Maurizio Mencuccini1,3Debora Coelho-Silva1, Marciel J. Ferreira2,
Guilherme S. Modolo2, Diego S. Podadera1,
Carmen R. Marcati1
1 São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil. 2 Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
Numerous studies have identified plant height
as a key determinant of greater xylem embolism
resistance (P50); however, in tropical forests, thisrelationship appears less straightforward. Here,
we investigate whether xylem resistance to embolism is influenced by the successional groupwhile controlling for two growth variables: diameter and height. Our study was conducted in a
17-hectare area located in the Amazonas regionof Brazil (2°38° S, 60°03° W), comprising a 5-yearold enrichment plantation within a 25-year-old
secondary forest. The experimental design employed randomized blocks with five replications.
Non-pioneer species examined were Bertholletia
excelsa (Bonpl.), Carapa guianensis (Aubl.), andHymenaea courbaril (L.); pioneer species included Cedrela fissilis (Vell.) and Tabebuia rosea(Bertol.) Bertero ex A.D.C. Basal stem diameterand total height measurements were collectedbimonthly, with relative growth rates (RGR) calculated using the formula: RGRX = ln(X2) – ln(X1) / (T2– T1). P50 measurements were conducted during
the rainy season of 2022, with one branch per individual per species assessed under three light
conditions across five blocks, utilizing a semi-automatic pneumatic method. Our results indicate
a significant effect of the successional group on
P50, even after adjusting for relative growth (ANCOVA: diameter F= 5.59, P < P.5; height: F= 8.73, P< P.1). Contrary to expectations, non-pioneer species exhibited greater embolism resistance onlyat higher RGR, suggesting that larger individuals
in terms of height and diameter within these species are more adept at coping with water stress.
Pioneer species, conversely, maintained consistently low P50 values across relative growth rates.
This study underscores the necessity of considering successional groups in investigations ofxylem resistance to embolism within tropical regions, where forest structure is intricately shapedby these dynamics.

1 CREAF, Bellaterra, Spain. 2 Autonomous Universityof Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. 3 ICREA, Barcelona,
Spain.
Water storage capacity gives a reservoir of waterthat can be used during periods of high transpiration and during stressful conditions, avoiding
dehydration of precious organs and reducing theimpacts on their functionality. Capacitance has
importance in plant ecology because it is related
to the capacity for water storage, at scales varying from individual leaves to branches or even
ecosystems. Despite, capacitance is a poorly defined trait, partly because it is not clear on whatbases (or units), it should be expressed. To eliminate size-dependency, it is generally normalisedby mass, leaf area or water content. However, theimpacts of these different definitions have notbeen systematically investigated. In this study,
the main objective was to predict whole-branchcapacitance and capacity to detect the relative
impacts of allometric scaling versus the functional traits of the individual tissues. For that determination, we measured whole-branch capacitanceand total dry mass, its distribution among different tissues (leaves, bark and wood) and functional traits such as leaf turgor loss point (as ameasure of maintenance of cell turgor pressure),
wood density (as an anatomical trait related towood water storage) and P50 (as a measure of
xylem hydraulic conductivity). All these measurements were performed at about sixty sites acrossEurope on four tree species (Populus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster).
We will present results showing how the allometryof tissue distribution of each species influences
branch-level capacitance and consequently its
water use. Total biomass was the most important
explanatory variable for predicting capacitanceand capacity, compared to the studied traits. The
units on which capacitance is expressed may affect the proper upscaling of tissue-level properties to whole trees. Extensive properties indicate
a strong allometric dependence and intensive
properties can still be allometrically dependent
on biomass.

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P.1575 Stem anatomyof species of Cereinae(Cactoideae, Cactaceae)
and ancestral state
reconstruction

P.1576 Quantitative wood
anatomy of treeline tree
seedlings taking into
account eccentricity andcompression wood

Mariana R. Fantinati1, Alice Calvente2,
Patricia Soffiatti3

Eunice Romero1, Edgar J González2,
Václav Treml1

1 Botanical Museum “Frederico Carlos Hoehne”, Unesp, Assis, Brazil. 2 Department of Botany and Zoology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil. 3 Department of Botany,
UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.

1 Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Czech
Republic. 2 Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous
University of Mexico, Mexico.

Species of Cereinae have a remarkable occurrence in arid and semiarid regions of eastern
Brazil. However, there is a lack of anatomical
studies on the group. The aim of this study was
to investigate the existence potential diagnostic
and phylogenetic anatomical traits of the dermal
system and part of the fundamental system ofrepresentatives of 11 genera of Cereinae. Qualitative and quantitative traits of the stem of 30 species belonging to the subtribe and two speciesof Trichocereinae and Rebutiinae were studied insurface view and cross sections. The evolutionary
patterns showed in ancestral character state reconstruction analysis demonstrated that most of
the anatomical features analysed are homoplastic, but some of them corroborate clades representing genera, or combined genera. The species present skin features informative for somegroups within the subtribe such as the markedly
plicate cell outline shared by all Melocactus species, the abundant prismatic crystals in the epidermal cells shared by all species of Arrojadoa
and Stephanocereus, the presence of druses withthe rounded-oval-shape outline in the spongy
parenchyma shared by all species of Cereus andCipocereus, and the combination of druses withthe rounded-oval-shape outline and in concretions in the spongy parenchyma shared by Cereus species. These groups emerge as clades
strongly supported by Bayesian analyses in a recent phylogeny for Cereinae, demonstrating therelevance of anatomical characters in taxonomy.
Our results showed some anatomical novelties
for Cereinae species as a basis for further andmore detailed anatomical studies in a systematic framework.

Treelines are forests growing at their altitudinal limit,
where low temperature affects their growth. Treeline
seedlings are key to understanding treeline dynamics because they are particularly sensitive to environmental conditions; they are exposed to summer
droughts, winter freezing temperatures and mechanical forces such as snowpacks. Their wood traits
determine hydraulic and mechanical functions, ultimately having impacts on their growth. Mechanical forces applied to seedling stems can generateeccentric growth and the formation of compression
wood; this wood is different from unaffected wood in
certain attributes that may modify the functions andgrowth of the seedlings. In this study we analysed
the quantitative wood anatomy considering the eccentric growth of Picea abies seedlings collectedin European treelines. We calculated compression
wood plus latewood proportion per cross section.
We measured manually, in transects, per ring, theearlywood and latewood tracheid lumen diameter
and width, in tangential and radial directions, andwall thickness. We constructed generalized linear
mixed-effects models to estimate and comparemeans of the afore mentioned variables between
wide (containing high proportion of compressionwood) and narrow transects of the cross sections. We also estimated and compared variability
through standard deviations. In both cases we considered the height of each seedling and the sample pseudoreplication. We found unexpected resultsin variables related with hydraulic and mechanicalfunctions: a greater mean tracheid lumen diameterin the wider transects of the cross sections, whichcontain less compression wood; and we found no
significant differences in mean tracheid wall thickness although mean was greater in wide transects.
Analysing wood anatomical traits taking into consideration the eccentric growth and the proportion801

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seedlings is important to understand their hydraulicand mechanical functions, and therefore their ecological performance at the treeline.

P.1577 Mineral crystals andsecretory structures in thewood and bark of Indian
Sundarbans’ mangroves
and their systematic
potential
Sreya R. Parbat1, Subir Bera1
1 Department of Botany, Ballygunge Science College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
In the present study, the distribution patterns, morphology, cellular location, chemical composition ofmineral (excluding silica bodies) and organic inclusions in the wood and bark of the true mangroves
and their associate taxa from the Indian Sundarbans were investigated by using Light Microscopy,
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis. Restricted occurrence of suchinclusions in wood and bark is found to be delim-

iting certain mangrove taxa. These inclusions arecalcium oxalate crystals which can occur in a wide
range of structural forms- prismatic, druses, raphides, acicular, styloid, spherical, cubic, crystal sandetc and based on their availability certain mangrove genera could be recognized e.g., styloid in Avicennia, Rhomboids in Sonneratia etc. Moreover, thecells accommodating such inclusions are found to
be diagnostic at certain taxonomic levels viz, chambered crystalliferous parenchyma and fibres in Dalbergia, idioblast in Aegiceras etc. Different hypotheses have been proposed about possible function ofsuch crystals in plants, which are: defence against
herbivory, cellular ion balance, tissue rigidity andsupport, detoxification of oxalic acid and/or heavy
metals, light gathering and reflection and bulk calcium regulation. As the mangroves are resistant tobreakage during strong waves, high wind speed andother natural calamities and also surviving in harshcoastal environment, these crystals may provide
additional support along with other mechanical tissues and may help in lowering water potential for
better water uptake in physiologically dry condition.
The present study also includes the distribution oflaticifers and tannin cells in bark and woods of different mangrove taxa and their potential in distinguishing them at different taxonomic levels.

OTHERS
P.1579 Endemic diversityand distribution of the Altai
Mountain vascular flora
across biodiversity hotspots,
conservation gap andglobalShukherdorj Baasanmunkh1p, Andrey Erst2,
Batlai Oyuntsetseg3, Hyeok Jae Choi1
1 Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
2 Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Novosibirsk,
Russia. 3 Department of Biology, National Universityof Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
The Altai Mountains of Central and North Asia
are biologically rich and comprise a wide rangeof ecosystems and phytogeographical regions.

According to the latest checklist, a total of 321
endemic vascular plant species, including 217
endemic and 104 subendemic taxa, have beenrecognized in the Altai Mountain Country (AMC).
Among these, over 60% of the total endemic species were successfully barcoded with atleast one of three common DNA barcoding loci.
In this study, we conducted species risk assessment, distribution evaluation and conservation
gap analysis for the endemic vascular flora of
the AMC. The conservation status of 217 endemic
species was assessed at the global level using
the ConR package. As a result, 197 species were
evaluated as potentially threatened, and 20 species were evaluated as not threatened. The AMC
was divided into 350 grid cells, with a grid cellsize of 50 × 50 km 2, for the spatial assessmentsof the endemic vascular plants. A total of 2,657
unique georeferenced occurrences of endemic
species were found and analyzed with three endemism indices, species richness (SR), weighted

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endemism (WE), and corrected weighted endemism (CWE), to quantify geographic patterns
and centers of endemism across the whole AMC.
The results showed that the endemic species
are spread across 186 grid cells and distributed unevenly within the AMC. According to theconservation gap analysis, the main hotspots ofendemism (i.e., SR and WE indices) were foundat high elevations in the Russian Altai, while the
CWE points to the Kazakh Altai as a hotspot, andmany such hotspots are currently afforded noformal protections. Finally, we have establishedthat the Baitag Bogd Mountain is deemed an
important plant area, considering the diversityof threatened and endemic species across the
AMC.

P.1580 Comparative study
on habitat loss impact on
two narrow-distributed
species’ reproductive
strategies: from flowers toseedlings
Joshua Borràs1, Amparo Lázaro2,3, Miquel
Capó4, Joana Cursach1
1 Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. 2 Global
Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institutefor Advanced Studies (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Spain. 3
Area of Ecology, Department of Biology, Universityof Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain. 4 Plant & Animal
Ecology Lab. Centro para la Conservación de la
Biodiversidad y el Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Natural habitat loss is a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. This is particularly pronounced ininsular ecosystems, which are often biodiversity hotspots and home to a multitude of endemic
species. However, few studies have analyzed how
the complete reproductive cycle of plants, fromflowering to seedling survival, is affected by habitat loss in islands. Here, we studied two co-occurring species with contrasting reproductive
strategies: Centaurium bianoris (Gentianaceae),
an annual herbaceous plant, and Teucrium capitatum subsp. majoricum (Lamiaceae), a perennial shrub. For that, we selected six sites in Mallorca(Balearic Islands, Spain) with varying degrees ofnatural habitat loss, measured as the percentage

of natural habitat within a 2km radius. At each site,
we conducted focal observations of pollinator visits and performed pollen exclusion experiments.
Then, we recorded fruit set, seed set, pre-dispersal
predation, and seedling recruitment. Our findings
revealed fascinating differences between the two
species. Despite the high capability for self-pollination and the abundant fruit and seed production of C. bianoris, the species showed a low
seedling emergence and survival. Otherwise, T.
capitatum subsp. majoricum relies heavily on pollinators and produces fewer fruits and seeds thatare dispersed by ants. Interestingly, T. capitatum
subsp. majoricum attracted more pollinators insites with greater habitat loss, leading to increased
fruit production. However, these populations weremore sparse and with smaller individuals, indicating potential recruitment and survival challenges.
Our study underscores the importance of examining the complete plant reproductive cycle whenassessing the impact of habitat loss. This comprehensive approach allows us to better understand the intricate interplay between plants andtheir environment, ultimately contributing to more
effective conservation strategies. Furthermore,
our research highlights the need for further exploration of plant reproduction response to global change. We hope this work will inspire further
studies and contribute to innovative conservation
approaches.

P.1581 Carbohydrates
reserves and pollen
viability in European
hazelnut (Corylus avellanaL.): a defense strategy
against changing climaticconditions.
Claudio Brandoli1, Elisabetta Sgarbi1,2
1 BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. 2 Department of Life
Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,
Reggio Emilia, Italy.
The outcome of a pollination event is constrainedby the formation of a mature gametophyte, which
depends on the availability of nutrients during
its development. A low intake of carbohydrates,
due to drought or impoverishment of the soil cancause pollen sterility. In this study we propose a803

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correlation between sucrose content, viability andgerminability in the European hazelnut. The analysis was performed on pollen samples of four wild
type (WT) hazelnut accessions, from field collections in the Northern and Central Italy. All samples
reported high levels of viability - between 80 and
96%, showing a completely accession-specifictrend. When subjected to forced dehydration, allaccessions lowered their levels of viability down
to 90%, and then recovered the initial values once
appropriate rehydration occurred. Carbohydrates
analysis revealed that glucose and fructose were
almost absent in hazelnut pollen and starch was
not detectable. On the contrary, the sucrose analysis revealed that concentration followed thetrend of pollen viability and germinability throughout the dispersal phases. The reaction of pollen
to dehydration and rehydration indicates an acquired ability of hazelnut pollen to bypass extreme
dry climatic conditions and then recover full viability once right conditions have been re-established. These data suggest a direct involvement ofsucrose in the protection of plasma membranes
from dehydration, in the maintenance of pollen viability and promoting germinability. The influenceof climatic condition on phenology in hazelnut
trees was confirmed by the correlation between
the beginning of flowering and the variations intemperature and RH found at a regional level.

P.1583 Paleontological
heritage of the state of
Veracruz, Mexico andpaleobiological collectionof the Universidad
Veracruzanatime of the Spanish conquest to the present day,the fossils of Veracruz have been subject to looting, sale, deterioration and destruction, or at thevery least, they are kept in private confinement.
Since 2001, the Universidad Veracruzana throughthe Museum of Anthropology and History (MAX)has had the objective of investigating, collecting,recording and making known the important paleontological heritage of the state of Veracruz. Untila few years ago, Veracruz did not figure among
the states of the country as an important area for
Paleontology. Paleobotanic findings in Veracruz
have shown the opposite, but no one had done
paleobiological research in a systematic way andwith an academic purpose. The fossils found in Veracruz range roots, stipites, trunks, leaves, flowers
and fruits of a great variety of angiosperms, ferns
and Cycadales. Among some new fossil records
from Veracruz are Juglans veracrucensis and thefirst fossil record of trunks of a Cicadaceae genus
Dioon, show the rich paleontological heritage of
Veracruz, Mexico. This fossil material will form thescientific collection of the Universidad Veracruzana that will be exhibited at the MAX.

P.1584 Diversity ofweeds and associatedentomofauna in theincidence of Diaphorina
citri in an organic and aconventional orchard in
Veracruz
Carlos Castillejos1, Salvador Garibay2,
Sonia Rojas1, Carolina Rojas1
1 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico. 2 Instituto de Investigaciones para la Agricultura, Frick, Switzerland.

Gustavo Carmona-Díaz1,2,*, Alfredo
Delgado-Calderón2, Saúl HernándezCarmona3, Alejandro Retureta-Aponte1
1Faculty of Agricultural Production Systems Engineering, Universidad Veracruzana, Acayucan, Mexico. 2 Museum of Anthropology and History of the
Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico. 3 Institute of Neuroethology, Universidad Veracruzana.
Xalapa, Mexico. *gcarmona@uv.mx
The state of Veracruz, located in the coastal areaof the Gulf of Mexico, has many fossil remains
present in various geological formations ranging
from the Jurassic to the Pleistocene. But from theDuring the three-year period of Valencia orange
production, the diversity of weeds and associated insects was compared on the incidence andabundance of Diaphorina citri. In two orchards,
one with organic management and the other withconventional management. The developed methodology consisted of sampling flora and entomofauna during the sprouting periods of the orange
trees and the four seasons of the year. Likewise,
the number of D. citri organisms was counted intheir different stages of egg-nymph-adult de-804

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velopment. The richness of weeds and associated entomofauna was evaluated. In addition, theShannon-Weiner diversity index was calculated forweeds and insects in each orchard and the diversity present in the orchards was compared using
the Jaccard index. The Pearson correlation index
was also calculated between the aforementioned
parameters. The organic garden presented a richness of 144 species, highlighting Asteraceae (30),
Poaceae (16), Fabaceae (13) and Euphorbiaceae(6). In the conventional orchard the richness was
70 species, Asteraceae (17), Poaceae (13), Fabaceae (6) and Euphorbiaceae (5) stand out. The
Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the orchards
was 3.478 for the organic and 2.846 for the conventional. It was estimated that the treatments
present a similarity of 35%. For the entomofauna,richness was determined in 13,450 individuals of 18
orders for the organic and 5,132 for the conventional, the Shannon-Wiener diversity indices were2,051 organic and 1,889 conventional. The population density of D. citri was 680 individuals in theorganic and 5907 for the conventional, with anincidence concentrated in the budding season of
the trees in winter, late February and early March.
A 700% reduction in the amount of D. citri in theorganic garden was evaluated.

P.1585 MircoRNA regulationof hormone- and flavonoidsignalling during floral andfiber development in cotton(Gossypium)
Bhupendra Chaudhary1, Sakshi Arora

mental deformities in anther development, pollen maturation, and fruit (=boll) formation. Cross
pollination of 35S-MIM167 lines with wild type (WT)
plant partially restored boll formation and emergence of fiber initials on the ovule surface in‘moderate’-diminution lines. Gh-miR167 diminution favored organ-specific transcription biases
in miR159, miR166 as well as miR160, miR164, andmiR172 with their target genes during anther andpetal development, respectively. Similarly, accumulative effect of percent Gh-miR167 diminution,
cross regulation of its target ARF6/8, and temporal
mis-expression of hormone signaling- and flavonoid biosynthesis-associated regulatory miRNAs
at early fiber initiation stage caused irregular fiber formation. Spatial and temporal transcription
proportions of regulatory miRNAs were also foundcrucial for the execution of hormone- and flavonoid-dependent progression of floral and fiber
development. These observations discover how
assorted regulatory genetic circuits get organized
in response to Gh-miR167 diminution and converge upon ensuing episodes of floral and fiber
development in cotton.

P.1586 Comparative RNAseq
analysis of style response toheterospecific pollen acrossa spectrum of genetic
distance
Rachel Cohen1, Deren Eaton1
1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA.

2

1 School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. 2 School of Biotechnology,
Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India.
Various plant development activities and stressresponses are tightly regulated by various microRNAs (miRNA) and their target genes, or transcription factors in a spatiotemporal manner.
Here, to exemplify how flowering-associated regulatory miRNAs synchronize their expression dynamics during floral and fiber development incotton, constitutive expression diminution transgenic lines of auxin-signaling regulatory GhmiR167 (35S-MIM167) were developed throughtarget mimicry approach. ‘Moderate’ (58% to80%)- and ‘high’ (>80%)- Gh-miR167 diminution
mimic lines showed dosage-dependent develop-

Heterospecific pollen transfer negatively affects
both male and female reproductive fitness inplants and a number of floral traits are hypothesized to have evolved to limit foreign pollen receipt and effects. One hypothesis for the decreasein maternal reproductive success (e.g., seedset)
following heterospecific pollen receipt is the physical clogging of the stigma and/or style by heterospecific pollen tubes, blocking the normal growthof conspecific pollen tubes in the style. If heterospecific pollen can germinate pollen tubes thatpenetrate stigmas, we may expect some formof molecular-level recognition of heterospecificvs. conspecific pollen tubes, perhaps to suspend
pollen tube growth somewhere in the stigma orstyle and prevent fitness costs. Whereas the ge-

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netic underpinnings of pollen tube growth havebeen studied extensively in a conspecific context,
the genes that underlie heterospecific pollen tube
growth and recognition have not yet been identified. I collected RNA from stigmas and styles following pollination with conspecific, within-genus
heterospecific, and between genus heterospecificpollen using species in Pedicularis and Mimulus.
Using a comparative transcriptomic framework, I
evaluated differences in the transcriptomic profiles of each cross-type. I additionally identified
candidate genes that could have particularly
impactful roles in recognition. Preliminary results
show that more genes are up-regulated during
conspecific relative to heterospecific crosses,
suggesting that plants may not be recognizing
heterospecific pollen tubes at the molecular level.
These results indicate that reproductive barriers to
reproduction may not broadly include suspensionof heterospecific pollen tubes within the stigma
and style. Instead, pre-pollination barriers, differences in pollen tube growth rates, and post-zygotic barriers are likely more significant.

P.1587 Chromosome
evolution on Narcissus
sect. Bulbocodii(Amaryllidaceae):
reproductive andenvironmental correlates
J. Cuscó-Borràs1, M. Escudero1, V. SimónPorcar1, J. Arroyo1
1 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
Narcissus sect. Bulbocodii is probably one of thelargest sections in the genus. Although most of thespecies in the section have 2n = 14 or 2n = 28, there
is a great complexity of chromosome variation
including polyploid series, dysploidy and hybridization. Our aim is to understand the relationshipbetween phylogeography, chromosome evolution
and reproductive traits (incompatibility systemand floral architecture), hybridization patterns,
climate niche and pollinators. Our framework hypotheses are: 1) polyploids are related to selfing
syndrome through self-compatibility, have generalist pollinators and frequently have hybrid origin;and 2) chromosome rearrangements contributeto climate niche shifts and genetic isolation. To
test these hypotheses, we studied all the speciesof sect. Bulbocodii across the whole geographical range. We run experiments to determine theincompatibility system with self and cross handpollination treatments. The pollinators were ascertained in each species using direct observationsand video camera recording in at least one population per species. We also run phylogeographic
analyses with RADseq. Using the fine phylogeographical information of the populations we wereable to map reproductive traits and chromosome
numbers, to understand hybridization patterns
and the role of chromosome evolution on genetic
differentiation processes.

P.1588 Silica nanoparticles –a promising source of silica
for plants
Jaqueline Santos1,2, Ricardo Azevedo2,
Elizabete Carmo-Silva1
1 Lancaster University, United Kingdom. 2 Universityof Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Silica (Si) is a beneficial element for plants, acting as a protector against various types of environmental stress and pests. Si in the form of silicon dioxide (SiO2) is one of the most abundantelements in the Earth’s crust, but it is rarely foundin isolation, it is aggregated in minerals such as
granite, quartz, sand, etc. And for plants, the bioavailable form of Si is its soluble form as monosilic acid (H4SiO4). Si nanoparticles (Si-NPs), due
to their small size, diversity of shapes, and highsurface area, can reportedly enter plant tissues
through pores. Therefore, they are a promisingsource of Si for agriculture. This work hypothesizes that Si-NP when compared to traditional silica(Si-CV), offers superior results in photosynthesis
and growth parameters of soybean and cowpea
plants. Simultaneous experiments with soybean(Williams 82) and cowpea (IT97K-499-35) plants
were conducted for 22 days. The treatments were
200 mg of silica/kg of substrate for Si-NPs and SiCV, in addition to the controls without silica, eachtreatment had 12 plants. The climatic conditionsof the greenhouses were temperature 30/18 °C
day/night (cowpea) or 24/18 °C day/night (soybean), photoperiod 16h, and light intensity above
500 W/m2. The results showed that the estimatedleaf area and plant weight were greater in plantsthat received Si-NPs when compared to control
plants, whereas diferences between control plants

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and plants grown with Si-CV were less significant.
A lower transpiration rate was also observed forsoybean plants grown in the presence of Si-NPs.
Therefore, through our results we can conclude
that Si-NPs offer superior results when comparedto Si-CV, showing themselves to be a promisingsource of silica for plants.

P.1589 Ontogeny of
Tillandsioideae stigmas
Sanny Siqueira1, Andrea da Costa2, Karende Toni1
1 Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. 2 National Museum, Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Tillandsioideae is the Bromeliaceae subfamilywith the greatest taxonomic and morphologicaldiversity, reflected in the controversial classification of genera, subgenera, and species. Floral
morphology stands out as the most importantcharacteristic for the group’s systematics andtaxonomy. In this context, stigma morphology
provides important data on generic limits andmorphologically related species. Bromeliaceae exhibits different types of stigmas, which arehighly diverse in Tillandsioideae. Therefore, thisstudy aimed to detail the morphology and ontogeny of stigmas in the subfamily, in order tounderstand the diversification of stigmas andtheir phylogenetic relationships based on ontogenetic sequences. Samples of 17 genera and60 species of Bromeliaceae, focusing on Tillandsioideae, were collected at different stages ofdevelopment, and stigmas were observed using
standard scanning electron microscopy protocols. Analyzing stigma ontogeny from earlystages to flower anthesis, nine stigma types wereidentified: simple-erect, simple-truncate, spiral-conduplicate, convolute blade I, II, and III, lobate blade, coralliform, and conduplicate-erect.
Two new types are described here for the firsttime. Results revealed significant variations
among taxa, such as differences in the degreeof folding of stigma lobes in convolute blade
and stigma lobes with and without twists in simple-erect stigmas. Homologies between different stigma types were also revealed, as stigmas
exhibited identical development in early stages
but diverged into three ontogenetic sequences
establishing homologous stigmas: simple-erect(sequence I: erect and free stigma lobes; sim-

ple-truncate and simple-erect), convolute blade(sequence II: slightly recurved stigma lobes;
convolute blade I, II, III, lobate blade, coralliform,and conduplicate-erect), and spiral-conduplicate (sequence III: conduplicate and spiralized
stigma lobes; lax and congested spiral-conduplicate). In summary, Tillandsioideae presented
all mentioned stigma types, confirming the highmorphological diversity within the subfamily andthe potential of stigmas as taxonomic markers
at the genus and species levels.

P.1590 Ameliorating effectof the cyanobacteria Nostoc
commune on the moss
Tortella squarrosa growing
on heavy metal-polluted
soil
Isabel Domarco Sagra1, Belén Estébanez
Pérez1
1 Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
The escalating soil pollution with heavy metals
drives research into its consequences on variousorganisms and into feasible remediation methods. Through an experimental study of artificial
soil contamination, we have studied the damage
to the moss Tortella squarrosa caused by soil
contamination with lead, copper, and both metals in synergy, as well as the potential mitigation
effects of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune.
Both species are common in Mediterranean biological crusts. We grew in greenhouse plants of T.
squarrosa, with and without fragments of N. commune colonies, on seedbeds with soil polluted
with different doses of copper and/or lead. After
11 weeks, we analyzed the metal bioavailability inthe soils using TXRF, assessed the moss damage
through semi-quantitative macroscopic observations, and investigated the metal presence inmoss tissues using histochemical tests and SEMEDX. We observed low metal bioavailability in soil,
especially for lead, but it was further reducedwith the addition of N. commune (capturing up to
100% of the bioavailable metal). The moss showed
greater sensitivity to copper, alone or in synergy
with lead. Also, copper was more frequently detected in moss tissues, especially in basal parts,
than lead in histochemical tests and EDX analysis.

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The addition of fragments of Nostoc colonies tothe soil also reduces the metal detected in themoss tissues and improves the survival ability
and condition of the plants, especially in treatments with lead, a metal that the cyanobacteria is capable of retaining more effectively. The
phytoremediation potential of both organisms(Tortella, absorbing copper in its basal parts, andNostoc, absorbing both metals, especially lead)should be further confirmed in studies aimed at
utilizing them in soil recovery programs.

P.1592 eBryoSoil: a citizen
science application tomonitor changes in soil
ecosystems
André Mira1,2, Joaquín Hortal1,3, Ana
Paula Portela4,5,6, Belén Albertos7, Belén
Estébanez Pérez2, Cristina Branquinho3,
Cristiana Vieira8, Helena Hespanhol4,6,Isabel Draper2,9, Joana Marques8, Juliana
Monteiro3, María Leo Montes10, Paula
Matos3, Pilar H. Aragüés11,12, Raúl OchoaHueso13, Zulema Varela14, Nagore G.
Medina2,9P.1591 Calcium influx
through peizo-channels atpollen tube tip membrane
Rajiv Dutta1

1 Dept. Biogeography and Global Change, Museo
Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid,
Spain. 2 Dept de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 3 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. 4
CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidadee Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado,
Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão,Portugal. 5 Dept. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 6 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land
Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal. 7 Dept. de Botànica i Geologia. Universitat de València, Burjassot.
Spain. 8 Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da
Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 9 Centro deInvestigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
10 Dept. Soil, Plant and Environmental Quality, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
11 Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan
Carlos University, Madrid, Spain. 12 DIFAR, Universityof Genoa, Genoa, Italy. 13 Dept. of Biology, IVAGRO,
University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Campus del Rio San Pedro,
Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. 14 CRETUS, Ecology Unit,
Department of Functional Biology, Universidade deSantiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.

1 School of Biological Engineering and Life Sciences, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Modipuram, Meerut, India and School of BiologicalEngineering and Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur, India.
The growing pollen tube needs higher calcium
concentration inside pollen tube near tip. This
result a continuous influx of calcium from thepollen tube tip region is essential for its polarized growth. The pulsating growth of pollen tube
oscillates with the calcium and potassium ionstransport though the pollen tube membrane. The
various kind of spontaneous and pressure sensitive ion channels have been identified fromthe pollen grain membranes. These ion channels were specifically for calcium and potassium transportation. The spontaneous potassiumchannel at pollen grain having conductance of
67 and 72 pS at different external potassium concentrations and reversal potential was found tobe -40mV and -120 mV, respectively. Whereas thepressure activated potassium channel on pollen
grain membrane is found to be activated whenmembrane was provided pressure of 10 kPa. The
conductance of these channels was found to
be 33 pS. The pressure activated voltage gated calcium channels with conductance of 15 pS
were also found on pollen grain membrane. Boththese stretched activated channels were blocked
in presence of gadolinium chloride (GdCl2) and
1,000-fold diluted crude venom from Grammostola spatulata. It was also observed that thesemembrane-based channels were activated bypositive as well as negative pressure exerted on
the membrane.

Biological soil covers (BSCs) are vital for ecosystem health and functionality, playing a key role inenhancing soil stability, mediating nutrient cycling,
and influencing soil hydrology. These BSCs are commonly found in the Iberian landscapes, underscoring their importance in these ecosystems. Common
throughout the Iberian Peninsula, they are integral
to the ecological health and diversity of the region’s
ecosystems. However, there is limited information
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the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present the results obtained from the contributions of the citizen scientists
between November 2019 and December 2020 with
EbryoSoil, an app that allows citizens to participate
in mapping the BSCs communities across the Iberian Peninsula. Our results highlight the importance ofthe habitat as a mediator of the influence of climate.
Thus, conservation efforts targeted at preserving diverse habitats are essential to ensure the continued
presence of lichen and moss communities. Despite
challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, thecitizen science project demonstrated success in utilizing a specifically tailored app to gather valuable
information on BSC communities, providing insights
into their vulnerability to climate change. This program serves as an illustrative example of how citizen
science can effectively identify and study vulnerable habitats, offering a blueprint for future studies
focused on understudied organisms.

P.1594 Trait-environment
relationships inMediterranean alpine
grasslands.
Jorge García Fernández1, Manuel J.
Macía1,2, David S. Pescador3, 4, Julia
Chacón-Labella1
1 Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio
Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain. 3 Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
4 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física yQuímica Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,
Móstoles, Spain.
A fundamental goal of trait-based ecology is togeneralize predictions across spatial scales, linking
the phenotypes with the demography, community dynamics, and environmental variation. Indeed,a fundamental assumption in trait-based ecology
is that relationships between traits and environmental conditions are globally consistent. These
relationships are generally consistent when studied along large environmental gradients. We usedfield-measured microclimate and detailed trait
data to explore if trait-environment relationships
are consistent across spatial scales. We collected
community data from 15 plots and nine species,
along an altitudinal gradient in alpine Mediterra-nean grassland in Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid(Spain). We combined these plant data with locally measured traits: height, specific leaf area (SLA),
and leaf dry matter content (LDMC), along with recordings of microclimatic conditions such as soil
temperature and soil moisture. Our aim was to relate local plant community trait composition (described by the abundance-weighted central moments of the traits such as the mean and variance)
to in-situ recordings of soil moisture, soil temperature and soil surface temperature. Results showedthat higher temperatures and low water availability have a negative and significant effect on heightmean and variance but showed a non-significant
effect on LDMC and SLA mean and variance. Our
results suggest that warmer and drier conditions
may act as an environmental filter on height values, which tend to be lower and more homogeneous among locations (less dispersed). Althoughgeneral relationships between SLA and LDMC andenvironmental variables are well supported in theliterature when studied at large environmental
gradients, those relationships might not be directlytransferable to the fine scale, even when accounting for microclimate variation. Our results suggestthat other drivers beyond microclimate (i.e., species interactions) might be driving trait variation at
the fine-scale in Mediterranean alpine grasslands.

P.1595 Floral inception
patterns of two native
Mexican acacias(Leguminosae:
Caesalpinioideae: mimosoid
clade)
Jassiel Raúl Núñez Rodríguez1, Beatriz
Benítez Cabrera1, Sandra Luz Gómez
Acevedo1
1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Estado de México, Mexico.
The formation of a flower occurs in three mainstages, insertion, elongation and maturation, of
which the first provides evidence of the patternby which each organ within a whorl is formed. This
information is relevant in systematic studies, andin this work a study of floral development is used
to highlight the differences in the insertion pat-809

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terns that occur between two genera (Senegalia
and Vachellia) that were previously grouped intoone (Acacia s.l.). The species studied are Senegalia acatlensis and Vachellia constricta, two species characteristics of arid Mexican areas, whose
flowers in the mature stage share particularcharacteristics such as the presence of glandular anthers. Both species have pentamerous andmultistaminate flowers. Perianth merosity can bevariable in the early stages of development. They
present differences in the insertion patterns of theperianth, but not in the insertion pattern of theandroecium (meristematic ring) and gynoecium(early appearance). The anther gland begins
to form in intermediate stages of development,
once the anthers have elongated and differentiated into thecae and filaments. The floral insertion pattern of V. constricta is consistent with thatof other Vachellia species, while S. acatlensis differs from the pattern reported for other species
from Senegalia.

P.1596 Study ofthe populations ofHimantoglossum
metlesicsianum in the
Canary Islands

Thermo-Mesomediterranean climates with rainfall between 450-600 mm per year and averageannual temperatures of 10-15ºC. Occasional frosts
and snow in winter occur, distributed between 900
and 1,400 m.a.s.l. Natural risks present on all the islands sampled include those associated with prolonged droughts resulting from the current trendof climate change. However, the main threat to thespecies is anthropogenic intervention, particularly the collection of specimens by amateurs andprofessionals for the illegal trade in endangered
species. The study of the population dynamics,
dispersal and reproductive systems of the species, as well as the genetic connections between
populations, are key aspects that have helped us
to know and understand the conservation statusof the taxon. This knowledge makes it possible toestablish the conservation measures necessary toguarantee the survival of the species.

P.1597 Plants used in the
Guancasco ceremony in
San Francisco de Opalaca,
Honduras.
Eydi Yanina Guerrero Medina1
1 Department of Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of
Honduras.

Rocío González Negrín1, Victoria Eugenia
Martín Osorio1, Priscila Rodríguez
Rodríguez2, Wolf H. Wildpret Martín3,
Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre1
1 Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. 2 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. 3 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
The results obtained in this study of the population,chorological and molecular analysis of Himantoglossum metlesicsianum (W.P. Teschner) P.Delforge in the Canary Archipelago are presented.
This orchid is classified as Endangered, according
to the Spanish Catalogue of Threatened Species,
Royal Decree 139/2011, of February 4, and the Law
4/2010, of June 4, of the Canary Islands Catalogueof Protected Species. Endemic to the Canary Islands, it is found on the islands of Tenerife, La Palma, Gran Canaria and El Hierro. The potential vegetation surrounding the populations on the fourislands studied consists of pine forests dominatedby Pinus canariensis, characteristic of dry-humid

Societies maintain collective memories, including
experiences that are part of the oral tradition ofpeople, such as rituals, legends, fables, stories, anecdotes, songs, myths, sayings and ceremonies. In
this research, the “Guancasco” ritual forms the intangible heritage of the people that, due to generational circumstances, is deposited in adults thattakes root throughout their lives and is transmitted
orally to the next generation. The present projectarises with the purpose of knowing the plants thatare used and have been used in the ritual that has
survived in the indigenous peoples called “Guancasco”, which has been celebrated for more than
500 years, in this case we will analyze what It takes
place in the community of San Francisco de Opalaca, a Lenca village located in the department of
Intibucá, in western Honduras. The Guancasco is aritual of peace among indigenous peoples, at thesame time it serves as a cultural and mythologicalexpression that transmits knowledge and teaches the importance of subsistence. Rescuing andpreserving valuable ancestral knowledge linked to810

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the use of plants in rituals such as the Guancasco
in Opalaca is a crucial task. A deep knowledge ofthe plant species used in these ritual practices issought, analyzing whether they are in any risk category, and then proposing concrete actions thatfavor their conservation. In this context, by highlighting the exceptional botanical wealth present
in the region, recognizing the cultural, medicinaland ecological importance of these plants, theawareness of the population is achieved, whichmust acquire a fundamental role, since it seeks tocreate a wake up. about the urgent need to conserve medicinal plants and preserve the uniquebiodiversity that the region has.

We further demonstrate our workflow using environmental DNA extracted from a soil seed bank,positively identifying species whose seeds are
known to be present in the soil. Our research not
only showcases the effectiveness of the Angiosperms353 and HybPiper assembly in sorting
mixed plant DNA samples but also suggests theirpotential in scientific and practical applications.

P.1599 Floral ecology
and in vitro cultivationof Tripleurospermum
ziganaense (Asteraceae):a critically endangered
stenoendemic species

P.1598 Plant DNA
identification with
Angiosperm353: A
computational and targeted
sequencing approach

Huseyin Inceer1*, Mustafa Cuce2, Umit
Incekara3, Rabia Sagan1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. 2 Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School ofApplied Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,
Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. *inceer@ktu.
edu.tr.

Nan Hu1, Madison Bullock1, Courtney Miller1,
Elizabeth Hunter2, Sara Handy2, Matthew
G. Johnson1
1 Texas Tech University, Department of Biological
Sciences, Lubbock, USA. 2 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition,
Washington DC, USA.

Tripleurospermum ziganaense (Asteraceae) isa critically endangered (CR) stenoendemic species in Türkiye and is facing high risk of extinction.
Little is known about the ecology or the life history of the species that could be used to inform
conservation or management decisions. In thisstudy, flower morphology, reproductive phenology (flowering and fruiting), microclimatic condition (air temperature and relative humidity),floral visitors and in vitro cultivation were presented. Reproductive season lasted from May
to June. Flowering peaked from late May to early June, while fruiting peaked mid-June. The average temperature and relative humidity in the
reproductive season of the species were detected as 16.47±6.61oC and 70.57±21.19%, respectively. The high insect visitors were observed in thegroups of Coleoptera. The survival rate of plantules obtained from in vitro achene germination
on Murashige & Skoog basal medium (MS) was
98% in botanical garden. After 30 days in the botanical garden, the plants developed new leaves
and grew considerably. Acknowledgments: This
study was partly supported by the Scientific andTechnological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK, project no.122Z845) in the frame of 2519-COST

The identification of plant species from mixed
samples is crucial in various fields, including ecological surveys, medical diagnostics, and foodand drug safety. Traditional methods face challenges due to the high costs of DNA sequencing,inefficiencies in computational workflows, and incomplete sequence databases. This study introduces a novel approach using the Angiosperm353
target sequencing kit for efficient identification ofangiosperm DNA in mixed samples. Our methodassembles short paired-end reads using existing
workflows to assemble contigs from enriched DNA(HybPiper) for each mixed sample. Using a reference database of exemplar Angiosperms353 sequences from 700 taxa, assembled from the Kew
PAFTOL Tree Explorer, we apply phylogenetic inference to categorize contigs and variance in phylogenetic distance across genes to identify likely
taxa present. We demonstrate a high precisionin identifying unknown taxa from a diverse set of
mixed samples including in-silico mixes of reads,
and libraries constructed from known mixed DNA.

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CA18201 “An integrated approach to conservationof threatened plants for the 21st Century”.

P.1600 rDNA transcription
and processing of ribosomal
RNA in A. thaliana

pling of pre-rRNA cleavages and rRNA 2’-O-Me in
nuc1 mutant plants (Azevedo-Favory et al. 2021).
Little is known on how these rRNA modifications
affects growth, development or the response toenvironmental conditions for an entire eukaryoticorganism. We tackle this subject in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana during seedling development and upon heat stress conditions.
Reference: Azevedo-Favory et al. RNA Biol 2021.

Sara A. Neumann1,2, Jacinthe AzevedoFavory1,2, Anne de Bures1,2, Christine
Gaspin3,4, Virginie Marchand5, Iouri
Motorin5, Julio Sáez-Vásquez1,2
1 CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement
des Plantes, Perpignan, France. 2 Univ. Perpignan,
Perpignan, France. 3 Université de Toulouse, INRAE,
Castanet-Tolosan, France. 4 Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Touluse, France. 5 Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Nancy, France. 6 Université de Lorraine,
CNRS, Nancy, France.
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are the structural andfunctional building blocks of ribosomes. In the nucleolus, rRNA 18S, 5.8S and 25S (28S in mammals)
are transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) as
polycistronic 35S, 45S or 47S pre-rRNAs respectively in yeast, plant and mammals. Therefore,
these pre-rRNAs must be processed into mature
18S, 5.8S, and 25S/28S rRNAs. Processing consistsof exo- and endonucleolytic cleavages to remove
internal (ITS) and external (ETS) transcribed spacer sequences and sugar and base modificationsof rRNA. The most abundant rRNA modificationsare 2’-O-methylation (2’-O-Me) and pseudouridylation (Psi); guided respectively by C/D- and
H/ACA-box snoRNPs. While these processes areseverely impacted by stress conditions in multiple species, we lack information about the molecular mechanisms allowing sessile organisms
without a temperature-control system, like plants,
to cope with such circumstances. We performed
Illumina-based RiboMethSeq approach for mapping rRNA 2’-O-Me sites in A. thaliana plants. We
detected novel C/D snoRNA-guided rRNA 2’-OMe positions and also some orphan sites without
a matching C/D snoRNA. Immunoprecipitation offibrillarin (FIB2), the methyltranfersase of the C/D
snoRNP, identified and demonstrated expression of snoRNAs corresponding to the majority ofmapped rRNA sites and also detected new ones.
Furthermore, we demonstrated that disruptionof nucleolin 1 (NUC1) expression, a major nucleolar protein, induces nucleolus disruption and decreases rRNA 2’-O-Me. Interestingly, cleavages ofpre-rRNA is nearly unaffected, indicating uncou-

P.1601 The role ofphytoglobin-nitric oxide
cycle in anaerobic
germination andsubmergence tolerance ofdeepwater rice
Aprajita Kumari1, Pooja Singh1, Vemula
Chandra Kaladhar1, Manbir, Pradeep
Kumar Pathak1, Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta1
1 National Institute for Plant Genome Research, New
Delhi India.
Plant encounter low oxygen stress due to flooding/waterlogging or during development of various organs of plants such as seeds. In the environment vast numbers of plant species are prone
to flooding. In contrast, plants such as deepwater
rice can withstand flooding and submergence. An
important and interesting feature of rice is that it
can germinate under anoxic conditions. Thoughseveral biochemical adaptive mechanisms play
an important role in anaerobic germination ofrice but the role of phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle
and mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway is
not known. Recently investigated the role of thesepathways in anaerobic germination. Under anoxic
conditions deepwater rice germinated significantly higher and rapidly than aerobic condition andthe anaerobic germination and growth was muchhigher in the presence of nitrite which is intermediate of nitrate reduction reaction mediated by nitrate reductase. Addition of nitrite to germinating
seeds stimulated NR activity and NO production.
Important components of phytoglobin-NO cycle
such as methaemoglobin reductase activity, expression of Phytoglobin1, NIA1 and the promotersof these genes were elevated under anaerobic
conditions in the presence of nitrite. The operationof phytoglobin-NO cycle also accelerated anaer-

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obic ATP generation and fermentation metabolites such as lactic acid production and activity of
ADH. Interestingly nitrite significantly reduced ROS
production and lipid peroxidation. The reduction of
ROS was accompanied by enhanced expressionof mitochondrial alternative oxidase protein andits capacity. Application of AOX inhibitor SHAM inhibited the anoxic growth mediated by nitrite. In
addition, nitrite improved the submergence tolerance of seedlings. Our study revealed that nitrite
driven phytoglobin-NO cycle and AOX are important players in anaerobic germination and submergence tolerance of deepwater rice.

P.1602 A prickly
diversification: the rapid
and recent radiation of tribe
Opuntieae (Cactaceae)

regions of the Americas. These events have occurred accompanied by phenotypic disparity withthe evolution of several homoplasious characterswithin Opuntieae members, and a prickly historyof diversification with no one key feature detected
single explaining it across lineages. This study provides the first chloroplast genome phylogenetic
framework within a satisfactory taxon sampling oftribe Opuntieae, promoting new lights regarding
hypotheses on the evolutionary history of cacti.

P.1603 Assessing marksof introgression on
the Pilosocereus cacti
evolutionary radiation
Matias Köhler1, Monique Romeiro-Brito1,2,
Milena C. Telhe1, Daniela C. Zappi3, Nigel P.
Taylor1, Gerardus Olsthoorn4, Fernando F.
Franco1, Evandro M. Moraes1

Matias Köhler1, Raul Puente-Martinez2,
Tatiana T. Souza-Chies1, Lucas C. Majure3
1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto
Alegre, Brazil. 2 Department of Research and Conservation, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, USA. 3
University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS), University of
Florida, Gainesville, USA.

1 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federalde São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil. 2 Department of Natural History, University of Florida, Florida,
USA. 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica,
Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, DF, Brazil. 4
Olsthoorn Cactus, Holambra, São Paulo, Brazil.

Evolutionary radiations are a fundamental topic in the understanding of life diversity. Cacti are
one of the most fascinating New World’s succulent
plant radiations, but some of its major clades stilllack detailed investigations about their patterns
and processes of diversification. In this study, we
explored a chloroplast genome dataset to investigate the major clade relationships within tribe
Opuntieae, the celebrated prickly-pear cacti, toassess its morphological evolution, time divergence, historical biogeography, and macroevolutionary dynamics. Our analyses strongly supported Opuntieae as monophyletic with four major
clades – 1) Consolea, 2) Brasiliopuntia + Tacinga, 3)
Miqueliopuntia + Salmonopuntia + Tunilla, and 4)
Opuntia – but contentious relationships between
some clades were recovered comparing wholeplastome and just genes data. Within Opuntia,
the most diverse clade of Opuntieae, eight majorwell-supported clades were recovered. Our analyses suggested that Opuntieae has undergone
a rapid and recent evolutionary radiation during
the last ~5 Mya, in which the clade have exhibited long-distance dispersal events that resulted incurrently occupying all major arid and semi-arid

Understanding the mechanisms driving the origin of a large number of disparate species in ashort time frame, aka evolutionary radiations, iscrucial for unraveling the biodiversity origin andformulating effective conservation strategies.
The ‘facheiro’ cacti (Pilosocereus spp.) represent
an intriguing lineage of ca. 60 species that have
putatively originated within the last 2 Myr. These
cacti are distributed across the major arid andsemi-arid regions of Central and South America,
with the bulk of diversity in eastern Brazil. In thisstudy, we use a nuclear dataset derived throughtarget-enrichment sequencing of Cactaceae591
with a comprehensive sampling of species diversity to delve into the evolutionary history of thefacheiro cacti. Our primary objective is to investigate the potential imprints of introgression on thediversification of the clade. By utilizing integrative
methods grounded in phylogenetic and phylonetwork inferences, coupled with D statistics, we
aim to quantify the significance of deep and shallow hybridization events in shaping the genomic
landscape of Pilosocereus spp. Our work intends
to shed light on the putative intricate patterns of
introgression within the ‘Facheiro’ cacti, providing813

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valuable insights into the mechanisms that havefacilitated their rapid diversification. Additionally,
our findings aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the broader implications of hybridization in plant biodiversity evolution.

P.1604 Floral structure of
Leea rubra (Leeaceae) andits systematic implication
for Vitaceae
Huaicheng Li1, Julien B. Bachelier1

gynoecium with no synascidiate zone, the genus
could thus be recognized as a distinct family or
not.

P.1605 Seedling survival
drives the population
dynamics of Abies religiosa(Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. ina high mountain forest of
MexicoLauro López-Mata1, Gabriel ArroyoCosultchi1

1 Institute of Biology/Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
The genus Leea comprises 34 species of trees,
shrubs, scramblers or herbs, widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia. It was commonly placedin its own family Leeaceae, closely related to Vitaceae. But in APG IV, both families are ranked as
subfamilies in Vitaceae sensu lato. However, flower structural studies have mostly concentrated onmembers of Vitoideae because of its economic
value, and only a few focused on or integrated
species of Leea. Using light and scanning electron
microscopy, microtome section series, we studied
flower structure and development of L. rubra withthe special focus on its floral disc and gynoecium.
The flowers of L. rubra are arranged in a thyrse. The
flowers are bisexual and protandrous. They arepolysymmetric and whorled, with a pentamerous
perianth and haplostemonous androecium surrounding a trimerous gynoecium. The sepals arebasally connate and form a floral cup encompassing the semi-inferior ovary, surrounded by valvate
petals and antepetalous stamens, and a distinct
tubular intrastaminal disc. However, the filaments
are hooked over the disc and the anthers, which
are laterally connivent, forming a caducous “unit”
to expose the slender style and discoid stigma after the male phase. The ovary is syncarpous andentirely symplicate with two crassinucellate andbitegmic anatropous ovules per locule separated by a secondary septum, and thus appears as
having 6 univolutate chambers. The present study
is the first detailed analysis of the floral structureof Leea rubra and shows that like in other speciesof Leea, flowers of Leea are essentially similar andshare several potential apomophies not found in
Vitoideae. Depending on the weight given to theabscission of all postgenitally united anthers asa unit, a distinct intrastaminal floral disc, and a

1 Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados,
Texcoco Estado de México, Mexico.
The fir or oyamel, Abies religiosa, is a dominantconifer of the temperate high mountain forestsof Mexico whose wood, uses and environmental
services are widely appreciated. However, these
forests are subject to anthropogenic disturbancesthat cause fragmentation, reduce their connectivity and could put their population viability at
risk. Our objective was to project the population
dynamics of this fir species by calibrating integral projection models (IPM) and explore the impact of different survival rates of its seedlings on
the population growth rate (λ). Understandably,
these analyzes will allow us to search for whether
fir populations are stable, growing or decreasing
demographically, and explain the importance ofvital rates: survival, growth and reproduction on λ.
In 2021, we established 3 plots of 50m × 50m at 3
altitudinal levels (22,500 m2) in which all fir trees
with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm were
measured and numbered. We photographed thecrowns of reproductive trees to evaluate theircone production, seeds and individual fecundity.
In 2022, we did a re-census to record changes inindividual DBH, dead trees and reproductive trees.
MPIs calibrated based on a variable seedling survival rate from 17.9% to 30.9% yielded λ values of
1.0797 to 1.0553 for the forest. However, the maximum and minimum values of λ fluctuated between altitudinal levels: λupper (1.1019-1.0754), λlower(1.0932-1.0681), and λmiddle (0.9936-0.9880). The results suggest that fir populations are growing, orclose to demographic stability. It is apparent thatthe population viability of A. religiosa is not threatened and that seedling survival rates are the critical state driving its population dynamics.

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P.1606 Bioreceptivity ofengraved schists in the Côa
Valley Archaeological Park
Joana Marques1,2,3, Sara GutierrezPatricio4, Thierry Aubry5, Beatriz Cubero4,
Ana Briga-Sá6, Heather A. Viles7, Ana T.
Caldeira8, Ana Z. Miller4,8
1 Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 2 Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos,
InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão,Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal. 3 BIOPOLIS
Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal. 4 Instituto de Recursos
Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
5 Fundação Côa Parque, Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Portugal. 6 Centre of Chemistry of Vila Real and Schoolof Science and Technology, University of Trás-osMontes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. 7 Schoolof Geography and the Environment, University of
Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 8 HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Évora, Portugal.
The Côa Valley, a UNESCO-designated site in Northeast Portugal’s Upper Douro region, is renowned forits prehistoric open-air rock art. Dark biofilms composed of phototrophic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria and green algae, are among the firstcolonisers of these exposed rock surfaces, paving theway for other organisms to follow, thereby contributing to the deterioration of rock art. In the ROCKinBIO
project, we are assessing all levels of bioreceptivity ofthese schists, and shedding light on the relationshipbetween stone properties and biological colonisation. Schist probes, acquired from the nearby quarriesof Poio, where traditional exploitation continues, were
subjected to accelerated ageing and different engraving techniques, thereby replicating the rock artof the Côa. A laboratory-based stone bioreceptivity
experiment was conducted to understand the stone
properties influencing microbial growth and biodeterioration processes. The engraved schists were inoculated with a multi-species phototrophic culture.
The inoculated surfaces were then placed in an incubation cabinet for 3 months maintaining controlledtemperature, humidity, and photosynthesis-inducing
light cycles. The development of photosynthetic biofilms was monitored, quantified, and characterized
every month. Chlorophyll-a quantification methods
and digital image analysis were employed to quantify photosynthetic biomass and determine the stone
surface areas covered by the biofilms, respectively.
Microscopy, geochemical and geophysical analyses

were conducted to quantify the impact of biologicalcolonisation on the different sets of engraved schists.
Spatial variation in rock surface bioreceptivity will soon
be addressed using proxy indexes, and incorporated
into biodeterioration models as a critical driver of biological impact on rock surfaces and open-air rock art.
This research not only contributes to our understanding of the bioreceptivity of schists in the Côa Valley,
but also serves as a methodological exploration for
replicating and studying rock art in controlled environments, with broader implications for the preservationand management of other cultural heritage sites.

P.1607 Towards a
biodeterioration model topredict biological impact on
exposed rock surfaces andopen-air rock art
Joana Marques1,2,3, Cândida G. Vale1,2,João Gonçalves1,2, Helena Hespanhol1,2,3,
Ana Z. Miller4,5, Heather A. Viles6
1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidadee Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado,
Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão,Portugal. 2 BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal. 3 Museude História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do
Porto, Porto, Portugal. 4 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain. 5 HERCULES Laboratory, Evora University, Évora, Portugal. 6
School of Geography and the Environment, Universityof Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
The Côa rock art (UNESCO) is preserved on numerous
rock surfaces along the steep slopes of the Côa rivervalley in the Upper Douro region (NE Portugal). Thesesurfaces, and associated art, are continuously exposed
to and shaped by the synergistic impacts of several biotic and abiotic agents operating at different temporaland spatial scales. Yet, these impacts remain understudied. To start addressing such complex interactions,
we propose that an ecological and structural similarity
between rock surface features and landscape features
exists, and that each individual rock surface that may
bear rock art can be viewed as a miniature landscapewhere the same fundamental processes that shape
the land surface operate on a smaller scale. Following
this rationale, we argue that the ecological concepts
and tools used to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of vegetation and ecosystem functioningat the landscape level can be applied to model andpredict the distribution patterns and impact of biolog-815

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ical colonisation on exposed rock surfaces and associated rock art, provided that meaningful fine resolution environmental data is available. In the ROCKinBIO
project we have been applying ecological tools to: i)characterise rock-colonising communities, their abundance, indicator traits and distribution patterns, linking
biodiversity to function; ii) characterise the multi-scalar
environmental drivers of rock colonisation dynamics;
and iii) quantify the geochemical and geophysical impact of rock-colonising communities on exposed rocksurfaces. The final goal is to develop a predictive biodeterioration model that allows to diagnose current interactions between biological colonisation and colonised
rock surfaces, and anticipate future impact of biodeterioration processes on open-air rock art.

P.1608 Sexual size
dimorphism ofgynodioecious Lycopus
lucidus (Lamiaceae) from
Korean natural populations
Hye-Kyoung Moon1
1 Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
Sexual size dimorphism is an integrative topic in evolutionary biology. Similar to animals, the sexual size dimorphism of angiosperms could be highly related tothe separation of sexes. Certain sexual systems fromdicliny show general syndrome as system specifically, gynodioecy is one of them. In gynodioecious populations hermaphroditic flowers are generally known
to be larger than female flowers in most floral parts.
Flower size may have positively correlated with number of fertile stamens especially in Lamiaceae, whichhave relatively more gynodioecious species. However,
little has been studied about sexual size dimorphism,
which can occur at the species level, regardless of individual or population differences. To confirm the existence of sexual size dimorphism of gynodioecious
population, the Korean natural populations of Lycopus
lucidus were observed. Two sexual morphs, hermaphrodite and female, were identified at the individuallevels. To address the following questions, I measured
fully mature flowers in 20 different individuals from six
populations. 1) Do sexual morphs exhibit specific floral
size variation within and between populations? 2) Can
sexual size dimorphism overcome individual and population level differences? 3) Do size variation between
populations provide further evidence confirming thestatus of gynodioecy?

Acknowledgments: This study is supported by
the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF2021R1I1A2059940).

P.1609 Plant natural
products to treat Chagas
diseaseNora H. Oleas1, Jaume Bastida2
1 Centro de Investigación de Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador. 2 Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite
Trypanosoma cruzi, poses a significant global healththreat, particularly in endemic regions of Latin America. According to WHO, around 7 million people are affected with this disease. It is a persistent infection thatcauses a chronic disease characterized by progressive damage to the cardiac and/or digestive tissues.
Despite advances in treatment, including antiparasitic drugs, challenges such as drug resistance and toxicity persist, requiring the search for novel therapeutic
agents. Natural products derived from plants havehistorically served as invaluable sources of bioactive
compounds, offering diverse chemical scaffolds andmodes of action. This poster presents an overview
of recent research efforts aimed at identifying natural products with anti-T. cruzi activity. Through theuse of bibliometric techniques to generate a generalperspective of the accumulated research, we reporta revision of the current literature on pharmacological studies using natural plant products for Chagas
treatment. This poster underscores the importance ofharnessing the rich biodiversity of natural products inthe ongoing fight against Chagas disease and emphasizes the need for continued exploration and innovation in this field.

P.1610 Recovery and/or
rescue of the Dioon edule L.
to counteract its extinctionin Veracruz, Mexico

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Retureta-Aponte, Alejandro1, CarmonaDiaz, Gustavo1, Hernández Romero, Ángel
Héctor1
1 Universidad Veracruzana, Acayucan, Veracruz
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Cycads are threatened plants largely due to their highpotential as ornamental species. The species Dioon edule L. has been extracted from its natural habitat through clandestine practices, without adequate
management of natural populations as non-timber
forest resources, which has led to its disappearance
in territories where it is found naturally. This justifies
the establishment of an Environmental Management
Unit (UMA) for its management and production, tocope with the high demand and thus contribute to its
conservation in a legal manner. Although this species
is highly recommended for breeding in ornamental
plant nurseries, there is very little information on physiological, productive, or commercial aspects of theplants for sale in nurseries. Likewise, there are no studies on their ecological, cultural, and economic value.
This study addresses management aspects for therecovery and/or rescue to halt or reverse the declineof the species.

identified as microendemic sites. These cells occurredin the MTZ in the Sierra Madre Occidental and the TVB
provinces as well as the Neotropical Zone in the Pacific
Lowlands province. The spatial phylogenetics showed
the same pattern, were the specific endemism, phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism were in
the CH, TVB and the Sierra Madre del Sur. Spatial phylogenetics of Solanum supports the relevance of the
MZT in the diversification of Mexican flora.

P.1612 Species diversity,
species richness distribution
and endemism of the genus
Bletia (Orchidaceae)
Brandon E. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez1,
Guadalupe Munguía-Lino2,3, Aarón
Rodríguez2,3P.1611 Spatial phylogeneticsof the genus Solanum(Solanaceae) in Mexico

1 Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Mexico. 2 Herbario Luz María Villarreal de Puga, Instituto de
Botánica, Zapopan, Mexico. 3 Laboratorio Nacionalde Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Zapopan, Mexico.

Geraldine Murillo-Pérez1,2, Guadalupe
Munguía-Lino1,2, Aarón Rodríguez1,2
1 Herbario Luz María Villarreal de Puga, Instituto de
Botánica, Zapopan, Mexico. 2 Laboratorio Nacionalde Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Zapopan, Mexico.
Solanum (Solanaceae) is one of the 10 richest genera of flowering plants with half of the Solanaceae
species. It includes 1,228 species distributed unevenly
across the globe in all major temperate and tropicalregions. Higher diversity and endemism locate in the
Neotropics, but the greater diversification rates wereobserved in Africa and Australia. In Mexico, we founded
134 species of which 43 were endemics. The evaluationof the spatial distribution of the species richness andendemism of Solanum showed that the main mountainous chains in Mexico, the Mexican Transition Zone
(MTZ), hosted the highest species richness and endemism. There, we found 114 species and 39 endemics.
The grid cell analysis uncovered the richest cell at thesouthernmost end of the MTZ, the Chiapas Highlands(CH), at the boundary with Guatemala with 32 species.
Likewise, the Weighted Endemism (WE) analysis recovered four centers of endemism in the MTZ. The Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TVB) and the Sierra Madre
Oriental were the biogeographical provinces with thehighest WE. The Corrected Weighted Endemism (CWE)
analysis recovered a different pattern. Four cells were

Within the tropics, plant species richness concentrates along the mountains. There, topographic heterogeneity promotes speciation and persistence. The
genus Bletia (Orchidaceae) groups geophytes withcorms, plicated and deciduous leaves. Additionally, it
includes myco-heterotrophic species. Phylogenetic
evidence suggests that terrestrialization and seasonality helped the diversification of the group in Mexico
with further dispersal elsewhere. We used Bletia toevaluate the concentration of the latitudinal diversity
gradient on the tropical mountains. The database andspecies distribution maps were elaborated using thepresence records of Bletia held at CHAP, CHAPA, ENCB,FCME, HUAP, IBUG, IEB, INEGI, INIF, MEXU, QMEX, SLPM, and
XAL herbaria. Additionally, the digital herbaria CAS, K,
MO, and US, as well as the information available in
the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), theSouthwest Environmental Information Network andthe Sistema Nacional de Información sobre Biodiversidad de México (CONABIO) were compiled and curated. To confirm the taxonomic identity of the digitalrecords, only specimens with images were examined.
Specimens without geographical data were georeferenced using Google Earth Pro and the Mapa Digital deMéxico. Specimens with ambiguous information were
excluded. Species richness distribution and endemism
were quantified by 1) political divisions, 2) ecoregion,3) biogeographical province 4) elevation and latitude,817

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and 5) 1.0° × 1.0°grid cell. The data base had 3599 entries and 51 species of Bletia. Its geographical range
goes form Southwestern USA through Florida, Mexico,
the Caribean Islands to Brazil and northern Argentina.
The geographic range follows the Tropical Dry Forest in the Americas but species richness and endemism concentrates on the oak-pine forest along theTrans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico.

P.1613 The roles offlorivory and herbivory
in maintaining intrapopulation flower color
variation in Anemone
coronaria

lars or grasshoppers, were more common in non-red
flowers. As glaphyrid beetles are the major pollinatorsof red anemone flowers, we suggest that their service
to red flowers as mutualists (pollinators) outweighs
their disservice as antagonists (florivores). These pollinators, and possibly additional selection agents thatfavor red flowers, may compensate for the higher herbivory suffered by the red morph, thereby promoting
color-polymorphism.

P.1614 Flower evolution in
Ericales: A total-evidence
approach including extant
and fossil flowers
Julian Herting1, Jürg Schönenberger2,
Hervé Sauquet1,3,4

Norah Saabna1,2, Tamar Keasar3, Yuval
Sapir1
1 School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Wise
Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,
Israel. 2 Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. 3
Department Biology and the Environment, University of Haifa - Oranim, Tivon, Israel.
Flowers of most plant species are color monomorphic.
The relatively rare within-population flower color variation can be the hallmark of balancing selection, which
drives polymorphism. Plant interactions with mutualist
and antagonist selection agents may equalize the fitness of different color morphs and maintain polymorphism. We explored the relationship between flower
color and biotic antagonistic interactions in Anemone
coronaria (Ranunculaceae), a winter-flowering Mediterranean geophyte. Some A. coronaria populations
bloom in red, while others comprise both red andnon-red flowers. Petals of red flowers contained higher concentrations of anthocyanin pigments, potential
herbivore repellents, than petals of non-red flowers.
We evaluated leaf (herbivory) and flower (florivory)
damage by micro-herbivores, and the corresponding
maternal fitness, in three color-polymorphic anemone
populations over two flowering seasons. Red flowers
experienced higher leaf and petal damage, yet bothcolor morphs had similar fitness. Increased herbivory
and florivory levels were not associated with reduced
fitness in the surveyed plants, and experimentally induced petal damage did not reduce visits by potential
pollinators in field assays. Scratch marks, attributed todamage by beetles, were more common in red flowers, while bite marks, assigned to damage by caterpil-

1 Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, Australia. 2 University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 3 University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 4 University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The inclusion of fossil flowers into ancestral state
reconstructions is critical for understanding flower evolution and promises new insights by capturing past morphological diversity. The asteridorder Ericales is characterized by highly diverse
floral structures and a rich fossil record, making
it well-suited for a study on flower evolution integrating the fossil record. We used a Bayesian
tip-dating approach with a total-evidence dataset and the fossilised birth-death model to jointlyinfer the position of the 13 fossils among 413 extant
species of Ericales, considering both morphology and age. We reconstructed ancestral statesfor 38 floral characters using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods, for 21 of the 22 families
currently recognised in the order as well as six
well-supported supra-familial clades. Accounting
for uncertainty of fossil position influences the reconstructed ancestral states, generally introducing more uncertainty in reconstructed states. We
show that the ancestral flower of Ericales exhibits
both typical characteristics of its sister group, thelarge clade comprising lamiids and campanulids(e.g. fused petals), and plesiomorphic features(e.g. actinomorphic perianth) inherited from their
Pentapetalae ancestor. In combining a quantitative approach to infer fossil phylogenetic relationships with multiple approaches to reconstructancestral states, we facilitate a deeper understanding of flower evolution of Ericales.

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P.1615 Promoting IAPT
through social media
Gustavo H. Shimizu1
1 Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil.
IAPT (International Association for Plant Taxonomy) isa global association of taxonomists and systematists,
founded in 1950, at the Seventh International Botanical Congress, in Stockholm, Sweden. The main goals
are to promote and support taxonomic and systematic research on algae, fungi, and plants, facilitate thegovernance and maintenance of the International
Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants,
publish relevant contributions to the field throughthe official journal Taxon and the Regnum Vegetabile
book series, and connect and support its collaborative community of members spread around the world.
Like other scientific associations, IAPT also started newcommunication channels (Facebook, Instagram, and
X/Twitter) to connect and expand its audience, sharing taxonomic and systematic news, grant calls, andpromoting new issues of Taxon, webinars, workshops
and symposia. Lena Struwe created these accounts
in 2018, and was followed by Timothy Hammer, who
served as the Social Media manager from 2019 to 2021.
Currently we have 4,073 followers on Facebook, 1,325
on Instagram, and 3,990 on X/Twitter. The top countries on Facebook are India, Brazil, and United States,and on Instagram are Brazil, United States, and Argentina. Usually the most commented, liked, or shared
posts are related to the research and small collections
grants, but also in recent years those related to the XX
International Botanical Congress, in Madrid, Spain. Interactions with authors of Taxon articles, especially via
Instagram and X/Twitter are also remarkable. The next
steps include interacting more using the available resources of each channel (e.g. reels, stories, polls) andtrying to raise awareness of the general public to theimportance of algae, fungi, and plants.

P.1616 Systematic studies
on family Convolvulaceae
of India: present status andchallenges

The biological diversity of the Indian subcontinent is
one of the richest in the world because of its outstanding vast geographic area, varied topography andclimatic conditions. Because of its richness in overall
species diversity, it is recognized as one of the 12 mega-diversity centres of the world. The family Convolvulaceae (commonly recognized as a bindweed or
morning glory family) represents one of the larger andmore diverse families of angiosperms in India. Worldwide it comprises more than 1,840 species, belongs
to 59 genera. The members of Convolvulaceae haveworldwide distribution, but the species richness occurs
in the tropics. Although previous reports suggest that inIndia family Convolvulaceae is represented by ca. 20
genera and 180 species (Santapau & Henry, 1973), afterwards many nomenclatural alterations took placein various genera and many species added to Indianflora. Although the members of family Convolvulaceae are most diverse in morphology, widely distributed in India, till date there is no revisionary type of work
carried out (except Hooker, 1887). But there are few
fragmented publications are available on the family
including Biju (1997) and Johari (1983), including few
publications in the form of regional floras (district orstate flora) etc. So, there is a need of comprehensive
revisionary studies on the family of India to understandthe present status of the family. In connection with all
above points, author have taken a task to revise family
Convolvulaceae and till date three genera are revised(Argyreia Lour.: 37 spp.; Ipomoea L.:60 taxa; Distimake
Raf.:10 spp.) and revision of tribe Convolvuleae, Cuscuteae and Merremieae is in progress. Till date author
has documented total 170 taxa of the family from India. In present communication author have discussed
the current taxonomic status of Indian Convolvulaceae and highlighted challenges in the present study.

P.1617 A bird’s eye viewof the systematics ofConvolvulaceae: novel
insights from nuclear
genomic data

Vinod B. Shimpale1
1 Laboratory of Angiosperm Systematics, Department of Botany, The New College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

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Ana Rita G. Simões1, Lauren A. Eserman2,
Alexandre R. Zuntini1, Lars W. Chatrou3,
Timothy M. A. Utteridge1, Olivier Maurin1,
Saba Rokni1, Shyamali Roy1, Felix Forest1,
William J. Baker1, Saša Stefanovic4
1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. 2
Conservation & Research Department, Atlanta Bo-

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tanical Garden, Atlanta, United States. 3 Systematicand Evolutionary Botany Lab, University of Ghent,
Ghent, Belgium. 4 University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Canada.
Convolvulaceae is a family of c. 2,000 species, distributed across 60 currently recognized genera. It
includes species of high economic importance,such as the crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), the ornamental morning glories (Ipomoea
L.), bindweeds (Convolvulus L.), and dodders, theparasitic vines (Cuscuta L.). Earlier phylogenetic studies, based predominantly on chloroplast
markers or a single nuclear region, have provided
a framework for systematic studies of the family,
but uncertainty remains at the level of the relationships among subfamilies, tribes, and genera,hindering evolutionary inferences and taxonomic advances. One of the enduring enigmas has
been the relationship of Cuscuta to the rest of
Convolvulaceae. Other examples of unresolved
issues include the monophyly and relationships
within Merremieae, the “bifidstyle” clade (Dicranostyloideae), as well as the relative positions of
Erycibe Roxb. and Cardiochlamyeae. In this study,
we explore a large dataset of nuclear genes generated using Angiosperms 353 kit, as a contribution to resolving some of these remaining phylogenetic uncertainties within Convolvulaceae. For
the first time, a strongly supported backbone of
the family is provided. Cuscuta is confirmed to belong within family Convolvulaceae. “Merremieae,”
in their former tribal circumscription, are recovered as non-monophyletic, with the unexpected
placement of Distimake Raf. as sister to the cladethat contains Ipomoeeae and Decalobanthus
Ooststr., and Convolvuleae nested within the remaining “Merremieae.” The monophyly of Dicranostyloideae, including Jacquemontia Choisy, isstrongly supported, albeit novel relationships between genera are hypothesized, challenging thecurrent tribal delimitation. The exact placementsof Erycibe and Cuscuta remain uncertain, requiring further investigation. Our study explores thebenefits and limitations of increasing sequence
data in resolving higher-level relationships within Convolvulaceae, and highlights the need for
expanded taxonomic sampling, to facilitate amuch-needed revised classification of the family.

P.1618 The transcriptome
data reveals the synthesis
pathways and regulatory
networks of the active
components of Cibotium
barometz
Zhang Yuli1, Wang Zhen1, Li Minghui1, Wang
Ting2, Su Yingjuan1
1 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University,
Guangzhou, China. 2 College of Life Sciences, South
China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Cibotium barometz is widely used as a medicinal
herb. However, previous research mainly focused on
breeding techniques and the extraction and identification of components, with a lack of high-quality
molecular resources and in-depth exploration into
the biosynthesis process of bioactive components.
Given its endangered status and medicinal value,
the fern is an important material for theoretical research and practical application to investigate thebiosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive components. In this study, we first determinedthe differences in polysaccharide and flavonoid
content among different organs. Secondly, we conducted the transcriptome analysis of three organs of
C. barometz using Illumina and PacBio sequencing
technology, and identified the pathways and genes
involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive components. The main results are as follows: There are differences in polysaccharide and flavonoids content
among different organs. The content of polysaccharide in root is the highest, while the least in pinna. The content of flavonoids in pinna is significantly
higher than that in the root and rachis. The differentially expressed genes in the pinna were mainly enriched in photosynthesis. Nevertheless, differentiallyexpressed genes in root and rachis were enrichedin plant secondary metabolic pathways. The content of total polysaccharide was positively correlated with the expression pattern of UDP-arabinose
4-epimerase, but negatively correlated with theexpression patterns of phosphoglucomutase and3,5-epimerase/4-reductase. The conserved plantsecondary product glycosyltransferase motif was
identified in UDP-glycosyltransferases. The expression of genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis in
the pinna is significantly higher than that of the other organs. The content of flavonoids was negatively
correlated with the expression patterns of chalcone

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synthase. We identified several key genes and pathways associated with the biosynthesis of bioactive
components. The results create the link between
polysaccharides and flavonoids biosynthesis andgene expression It also provides molecular resource
for further pharmaceutical research.

P.1619 Gene expression
underlying floral epidermal
specialization in Aristolochia
fimbriata (Aristolochiaceae)
Harold Suárez-Baron1,2, Juan F. Alzate3,
Barbara A. Ambrose4, Soraya Pelaz5,6,
Favio González7, Natalia Pabón-Mora2
1 Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia. 2 Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 3 Centro Nacional de
Secuenciación Genómica, Facultad de Medicina,
Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 4
The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, USA. 5 Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Bellaterra, Spain. 6 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis
Avançats, Barcelona, Spain. 7 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto deCiencias Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia.
The species of Aristolochia possess a petaloid perianth, which is derived from the fusion of sepals toform a unique and convolute structure. This perianth exhibits distinctive characteristics, including
various types of trichomes and other epidermal
cells that facilitate pollination. Most genes responsible for trichome development have been identified
in unicellular trichomes found on the leaves of themodel species Arabidopsis. However, informationon the genetic basis controlling the differentiationof epidermal cells in early diverging angiosperms is
scarce, and poor studied on the flower. In this study,
we investigated the morphoanatomical and molecular bases underlying perianth development in
A. fimbriata, aiming to characterize the floral epidermis and identify the gene regulatory network(GRN) related to the development of multicellulartrichomes. Transcriptomic profiles of the perianthin this species allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Additionally, spatial-temporal expression patterns of canonical gene
homologs were assessed through in situ hybridization. We re-evaluate the core genetic network shaping trichome fate in flowers of an early-divergent
angiosperm lineage and show a morphologicallydiverse output with a simpler genetic mechanism
in place when compared to the models A. thaliana
and Cucumis sativus. These analyses revealed thatgenes involved in trichome development in A. fimbriata vary depending on the organ in which they
form. The results suggest modifications in the genetic complement, expression, and putative functions compared to those reported in model species.
Furthermore, the obtained results allowed us to propose the first hypothetical gene regulatory network
underlying the development of floral multicellulartrichomes in Aristolochia species. Our findings constitute the first comprehensive study of floral epidermis development in early diverging angiosperms
and serve as a reference to identify genes involvedin the specialized development of floral trichomes in
non-model species.

P.1620 Biodiversity
in Morocco: Stateof knowledge andefforts deployed for
its conservation andsustainable management
Taleb Mohammed Sghir1
1 Institut Scientifique, Mohammed V University in
Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
Located at the northwest corner of the African
continent between 21 ° and 36 ° north latitude andbetween the 1st and the 17th degree of west longitude, Morocco with a total area of 715,000 km2 enjoys a privileged position with a coastline of 3,446
km long opening to the Mediterranean and theAtlantic Ocean. Its privileged location with a double coastline and its diverse mountain with four
major mountain ranges: the Rif, Middle Atlas, HighAtlas and Anti Atlas with altitudes exceeding 2,000
m in the Rif, ,3000 m in the Middle Atlas and 4,000
m in the High Atlas. The Moroccan mountains arecharacterized by an important forest genetic diversity represented by a rich and varied flora andmany ecosystems: forest, preforest, presteppe,
steppe, Sahara that spans a range of bioclimatic zones: arid, semiarid, subhumid and humid. The
vascular flora of Morocco has 3,913 species andsubspecies in 1,298 (including 426 sub-species
types), distributed among 155 families and 981
genera. The number of endemic species amounted to 640 (16%) and 280 subspecies (32%). The

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rare or endangered flora species is estimated to
be 463 and 1,284 subspecies. However, this diversity is subjected to many natural pressures (climate change, parasitic attacks…) and anthropicpressures (clearing, overgrazing etc.). Consciousof the risks that weigh on biodiversity, Morocco set
a strategy of biodiversity management that focus
on programs of in-situ conservation and more 154
protected areas in Morocco are proposed for amanagement of their natural resources This presentation is focused on research conducted in
Morocco in terms of ecology, flora, ecosystem of
Morocco while focusing on the major threats andconservation strategies developed by Morocco toreverse negative trends.

P.1621 Fergana Valley IPA
network: Implications fortransboundary conservation
strategies in Central Asia
Tojibaev Sh. Komil1, Lazkov A. Georgi2, Gil
Heeyoung3, Hyeok Jae Choi4
1 Institute of Botany, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan. 2 Institute of Biology, National
Academy of Sciences, Kyrgyzstan. 3 Korea National
Arboretum, Korea. 4 Changwon National University,
Korea.
Central Asia (CA) is estimated as one of the eightcenters of cultivated plants origin. Its flora consistsof about 10,000 species of vascular plants. Morethan 2,000 species and 60 genera are strongly
endemic to this region. All CA countries inherited
the Soviet system of environmental practices. National biodiversity strategies and protected area
management are very similar, and the basic approaches to developing plant conservation strategies and their implementation remain the same.
The Important Plant Area (IPA) program is one of
the new directions of botanical research in CA.
The first steps in this direction were taken in 2018.
Scientists from CA and Korea have begun IPA research in the Fergana Valley (FV), which can betreated as the most densely populated region of
CA with rich plant diversity. Over the past time,
two transboundary IPA sites (between Uzbekistan,
Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan) and one inside of Uzbekistan have been identified (Tojibaev & al., 2022,2023). The IPA study in FV demonstrated the effectiveness of the core principles of IPA in mountainous Central Asia and our research was completed

considering the main principles of Plantlife International. This was a very important step in the creation of a regional database of threatened species and critical habitats, as well as the Red List of
the CA region, which can serve to focus conservation action at the transboundary level. The best
available data in CA by an international team ofscientists was used to IPA sites with high concentrations of endemic and threatened plant species
and critical habitats. Also, the research objectives
correspond to (a) area-based approaches that
dominate biodiversity conservation, reinforced by
the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and (b) IPAs are the leading approach forplants and fungi, supporting targets of the Global
Strategy for Plant Conservation.

P.1622 Diet analysis ofspotted deer (Axis axis
Erxleben) based on metabarcodes to understand thegrazing patterns in Tamil
Nadu, India
Rajendran Harani1, Gnanasekar Swetha1,
James J. Amuldoss1, Umapathy
Senthilkumar1
1 Division of DNA Barcoding Laboratory, Departmentof Botany, Madras Christian College (Autonomous),
East Tambaram, Chennai, India.
DNA barcoding, a tool that obtains species-specific DNA signatures based on the simple premise
within small stretches of the organism’s genome. It
can provide a ‘‘biological barcode’’ to identify anyorganism at the species level. It is believed thatDNA barcoding, will provide a “universal key” thatwill allow the identification of a species by running
unknown DNA sequences through a DNA barcode
database such as BOLD, NCBI etc... Further, “barcoding”, has helped clarify taxonomic position ofan ‘Apparent species complex’ by revealing several
cryptic species within a ‘single’ species describedthrough conventional taxonomy. This study aims
to understand the grazing preferences of Spotted
Deer within the Madras Christian College campus
by analysing the pellets using a Meta-barcoding
approach. DNA markers have greater fidelity to
unravel the diets even if the plant materials havebeen processed through the gut. This study has
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spotted deer, hence the demarcation can be derived to avoid niche overlaps and animal conflicts
within the campus. Thus, this study can be established further as a model to implement the methods and protocols for the first time in India to understand such patterns amongst other herbivores
such as endemic-Nilgiri Tahr, Asian Elephants,
Blackbuck deer, etc. towards the conservation andrestoration of the foraging grounds.

P.1623 Nothofagus
antarctica, a SouthAmerican species
with medicinal
properties. Anatomical
and morphologicalcharacterisation.

Magdalena Vaio1, Renata Carvalho1,
Francisco Ruiz-Ruano2, Andrea PedrosaHarand3, Paola Gaiero1, Gabriel Rua4,
Pablo Speranza1
1 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2 Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. 3 Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. 4 Facultad deAgronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos
Aires, Argentina.

Bilbao Marco1, Aguayo Paula1, Pedreros
Alberto1, Silva Gonzalo1, Pastene Edgar2,
Urbina Angélica1
1 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile. 2 Departamento de Ciencias
Básicas, Universidad del Biobío, Chillán, Chile.
Nothofagus antarctica, commonly known as ñireor ñirre, is a deciduous tree species, attracting attention especially in autumn for its beautiful reddish colouring before falling. In Chile, present in
the forests of the Andes Mountains, it is distributed
between the regions of O’Higgins and Magallanes.
In Argentina, from Neuquén to Tierra del Fuego. It
is a very interesting species, due to its medicinal
properties. Recent research has demonstrated thepresence of antioxidants in its aromatic leaves,with which Ñirre tea has been prepared and consumed for generations. Nothofagus antarctica
has inspired artists because of its beautiful autumn colouring, as well as being very interestingfrom an ornamental point of view. The aim of thisresearch was to describe the anatomy of its leaves
and seeds obtained in Los Ñirres sector, Cordillera de los Andes, Ñuble region, Chile, using techniques of fixation, dehydration, critical point drying
and metallisation with 450 Å thick gold vapours,
to be observed in SEM of the Electron Microscopy
Laboratory of the Universidad de Concepción. The
results will be presented in sequential images ofsheets and seeds in a poster.
Note: This abstract was translated with AI.

P.1624 Repetitive sequences,chromosome affinities andgenome evolution in thegrass genus Paspalum(Poaceae)

Paspalum L., with ~350 species, is one of the mostdiverse genera in the Poaceae, with most of its species distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of
the Americas. Species in the genus have small genomes (mean 1C = 600 Mbp) and a basic chromosome number of x=10. Genome formulae (subgenomes I, J, N, D and X) have been proposed for somespecies based on chromosome pairing during meiosis in hybrids. However, phylogenetic analyses are
not congruent with chromosome pairing affinities
in some groups. Repetitive elements have multiple
roles in chromosome organization including therecognition of homologous chromosomes at earlymeiosis. Recently, repetitive sequence abundances
have been reported to also provide a phylogenetic
signal in other plant genus. We used genome skimming, sequence clustering, phylogenetic analyses
and fluorescent in situ hybridization to compare therepetitive sequences of 21 diploid Paspalum species.
We searched for correlation among repeat proportion, species phylogeny and chromosome affinities.
Our results showed that repetitive sequences constitute from 30 up to 50% of the genomes of the species. The most abundant repeats are the LTR-retrotransposons (18-41%), but several species are alsoenriched in satellite DNAs (1.8-21%). Two variants ofa putative centromeric satellite DNA were identified
with monomer sizes of 156 and 157. Phylogenetic
analyses with consensus sequences of the centromeric satellite showed relative congruence witha previous well supported chloroplast phylogeny.
However, presence/absence of satellite DNAs andabundance of transposable elements grouped the
JJ species and notably several non-monophyletic823

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II subgenome species in another clade. Altogether,our data indicates that Paspalum genome evolution is driven by diversification of different repetitive
sequences. Although these signals are not always
congruent with phylogenetic relationships, their diversification is congruent to subgenome assignment, and thus probably related to chromosome
pairing during meiosis.

P.1625 Why do oaks
(Quercus spp.) have lobed
leaves?
Kristel van Zuijlen1, Thomas Denk1
1 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,
Sweden.
Lobed leaves are a characteristic feature of oaktrees (Quercus L., Fagaceae) although only a subset of the more than 400 species do possess suchleaves. Oaks became abundant in the northernhemisphere during the early Eocene (ca. 50 Mya.)but the first records of deeply lobed leaves are only
known from Oligocene deposits, at least 15 Myr later. Lobed leaves started to radiate during the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT, ca. 34 Mya.), which
denotes the most dramatic global drop in temperature during the past 65 Myr. We aim to assess how
lobed leaves and other leaf characteristics are distributed across the global oak phylogeny and how
their distribution is constrained by climate. To dothis, we compiled leaf traits and climate envelopes
for all modern oak species. We then used the extensive leaf fossil record and past climate reconstructions to trace the origin of lobed oak leaves.

P.1626 What does thefloral morphology ofthe holoparasitic family
Mitrastemonaceae(Ericales) tell us about its
systematic position?
Maria von Balthazar1, Stefan Löfstrand1,
Diego da Silva Graciano2, Sandra
Maria Carmello-Guerreiro2, Margarita
Lachmayer1, Silvia Ulrich1, Kenji Suetsugu3,
Jürg Schönenberger1

1 University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 2 Universityof Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. 3 Kobe University,
Kobe, Japan.
Mitrastemonaceae are a small angiosperm family comprising only one genus of two species witha disjunct distribution: Mitrastemon matudae Yamam. occurs from Mexico across Central America
to Colombia and M. yamamotoi Makino is known
from India across Southeast Asia to Japan. They areholoparasites on roots of Fagaceae and as endophytes, they only become visible outside the hosttissue and above ground when flowering. They produce cream-yellow- to whitish-pink-coloured flowers from the third or fourth year on after the initial
host penetration and are reported to be pollinatedby a wide range of insects and a bird species. The
genus Mitrastemon was traditionally thought to berelated to Rafflesiaceae (now placed in Malpighiales) based on their holoparasitic and endophytic life
form. A phylogenetic placement within Ericales has
only relatively recently been suggested based onmolecular data. However, the phylogenetic position
among Ericalean lineages remains largely elusive. A
possible sister-group relationship with Lecythidaceae was recently proposed but received only weakstatistical support. For this study, we conducted adetailed investigation of the floral structure of both
species of Mitrastemonaceae using modern techniques including scanning electron microscopy, microtome sectioning, and X-ray computed tomography and re-evaluated the floral morphologicalliterature on the family. We compare and discuss our
findings with respect to floral morphological diversity observed in other ericalean lineages and provide
a morphology-based hypothesis for the systematic
position of Mitrastemonaceae within the order.

P.1627 Niche separation andmating system variation
between ploidy types of
Vaccinium vitis-idaea inJapan
Akimi Wakui1, Gaku Kudo2
1 Arboretum and Garden Section, Botanic Gardensof Toyama, Toyama, Japan. 2 Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo,
Japan.
The Japanese archipelago includes southern distribution margins of many plant species originatedfrom arctic regions. Thus, it is an important area for824

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the studies on the migration and evolution history ofnorthern plants. Although arctic-originated species
commonly grow in alpine habitats at mid-latitudes,
some populations of these species exist also in somespecific habitats below the treeline. However, comparative studies between alpine and low-elevation populations are scarce. We aimed to reveal the ecologicaland genetic variations of Vaccinium vitis-idaea populations in Japan, by comparing 36 populations growing at different latitudes, elevations, and environments.
Genetic diversity and selfing rate of individual populations and genetic differentiation among populations
were calculated using microsatellite markers. We also
analyzed the ploidy level of individual populations by
the flow-cytometry technique. Pollination experiments
were conducted at 12 populations to reveal the mating
system variation across populations. All of the alpine
populations were diploid, while the low-elevation populations were mostly tetraploid. In the genetic analysis,
the diploid populations in northern and central Japan
were estimated to be different lineages, as reported
in many other arctic-alpine species growing in Japan.
Additionally, the tetraploid populations were a specific lineage distinct from two diploid lineages. Diploids
were self-incompatible consistently, while tetraploids
showed a moderate level of selfing ability. Our results
suggest that V. vitis-idaea growing at low elevations
has a different origin from the alpine populations. Selfing ability of tetraploids may be suited to persistence inisolated situations at low-elevation habitat. Two ploidy
types in V. vitis-idaea may be maintained by the niche
separation in Japan. This study demonstrates the biological importance of small and isolated populations
at the edges of species distribution.

P.1628 Trimerous flowers
with a unique set of floral
and pollen traits from theLate Cretaceous of Southern
Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Xieting Wu1, Maria von Balthazar1, Friðgeir
Grímsson1, Zuzana Heřmanová2, JiříKvaček2, Jürg Schönenberger1

ning electron microscopy and high-resolution X-ray
computed tomography. The numerous specimens
exhibit a unique combination of floral traits. Flowers
are small, bisexual or female, trimerous, and actinomorphic. In bisexual flowers, the perianth is clearly
differentiated into two types of organs. The calyx consists of three free and broadly triangular sepals withvalvate aestivation. While in most flowers, the corollacomprises one or two whorls of three free, scale-like
petals each, petals are absent in a few specimens andare apparently replaced by stamens. The androecium
comprises one to three whorls of three stamens each.
Filaments are narrow and very short; the basifixed anthers are slightly longer than the filaments and havefour pollen sacs each. Each pollen sac contains asingle spherical polyad comprising 32 pollen grains.
The gynoecium is tricarpellate-syncarpous with asemi-inferior ovary. The three styles are short and apparently free from each other but place the wet stigmas in close proximity likely forming an extragynoecial
compitum. The superior carpel surfaces are densely
covered by glandular hairs. The ovary is trilocular andeach locule contains at least three ovules inserted
on axile placentae. One of the specimens represents
a female flower, which is similar in size to the bisexual flowers and has three sepals, six scale-like petals,
and six carpels. The numerous specimens found so
far, clearly all belong to the same taxon based on the
structure of their individual organs. However, the specimens differ not only in the number of perianth organs,stamens, and carpels (at least five morphotypes) but
also in their sexual system (bisexual vs. unisexual).
We discuss systematic affinities based on a detailed
comparative investigation of floral morphology andan angiosperm-wide phylogenetic analysis.

P.1629 Hybridizationof mountain-growing
Hydrangea serrata(Hydrangeaceae)
and island-growing H.
macrophylla in peninsularregions

1 Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research,
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 2 National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.
New, exceptionally well-preserved charcoalified flower
fossils from the Late Cretaceous of Southern Bohemia,
Czech Republic, were examined in detail using scan-

825

Kaoru Yamamoto1, Satoshi Kakishima2,
Chie Tsutsumi3
1 Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka, Japan. 2 Showa
University, Fujiyoshida, Japan. 3 National Museumof Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan.

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Peninsular regions possess unique plant diversity thatdiffers from that of island or mountain regions. However, the plant diversity of peninsular regions has beenless explored compared to island regions. The aim of
this study was to elucidate the origin of this diversity
and the uniqueness of plants in the peninsula region.
We proposed that the plant diversity in the peninsularregions is a result of hybridization between mountainand island plants. In this study, we examined the hybridization between Hydrangea serrata, a mountainplant and Hydrangea macrophylla, an island plant.
Using the MIG-seq method for 54 individuals, our network and STRUCTURE analyses estimated that 7 individuals were likely hybrids. These putative hybrids
were identified in three geographically distinct locations, suggesting independent occurrences. The putative hybrids exhibited intermediate characteristics
between H. serrata and H. macrophylla. Currently, theputative hybrids are growing in the same area as H.
serrata. However, because of their separation from
H. macrophylla, further hybridization is unlikely. In future studies, we plan to investigate the possibility thathybridization between H. serrata and H. macrophylla
occurred during periods of rising sea levels (post-lastglacial maximum).

P.1630 Direct regenerationof Drosera rotundifolia L. invitro conditions

was to establish effective culture medium for theregeneration of Drosera rotundifolia for further micropropagation and obtaining of adult plants fromregenerants in vitro conditions. The biotechnologicalmethods were used in the work. After conducting aseries of experiments, effective culture media for theregeneration of Drosera rotundifolia were established. The most effective media for shoot regeneration from leaf explants was 1/4 MS (Murashige& Skoog, 1962) + P.1mg/l NAA (1-Naphthaleneaceticacid) + P.3mg/l BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). The obtained regenerants were separated from the explants and were transferred on the medium 1/4 MS
with 0.1 mg/l of BAP for elongation. After two monthsof cultivation on medium 1/4 MS or ½ MS were successfully received adult plants.

P.1631 Integrative speciesdelimitation of Xanthium
sect. Acanthoxanthium
based on herbarium
specimens and typematerial
Eleonora Manzo1, Justus Müller-Kiefer1,
Sebastian Nillies1, Diego G. Gutiérrez2,
Salvatore Tomasello1
1 Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany. 2.
Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Yaroshko Olha1
1 Genetic engineering Department, Institute of Cell
biology and Genetic engineering NAS, UA.
Drosera rotundifolia L. belongs to the Droseraceae
family. Drosera rotundifolia is widespread species
throughout the territory Holarctic (territory of America and Europe) (Wolf et al., 2006).). In Ukraine there
are 2 species of Drosera: D. anglica Huds., D. intermedia Hayne (https://redbook-ua.org/ru/item/drosera-intermedia-hayne/). They have the status of“vulnerable” and are listed in the Red Data Book of
Ukraine. In previous years, there were mentioned 37
locations of D. rotundifolia in Ukraine (https://ukrbin.
com/index.php?id=109939&action=map; Rak et al.,2022). Now D. rotundifolia was proposed to be included into Red data book of Ukraine into the category of “vulnerable plants” on the territory of Ukraine(Rak et al., 2022). One of the promising ways to preserve rare and endangered plants is to grow andmultiply them in vitro conditions and then transfer
them to the places of their natural growth. Our aim

Xanthium is a peculiar genus of the Asteraceae
family, identifiable by its spiny female capitula(burs) and wind-pollination. Features of the burs
are the primary morphological characteristics
used for identifying taxa within the genus. The highdegree of their morphological variability has led
to inconsistent taxonomic treatment in the past,
resulting in numerous names given by different
authors. The genus can be divided into two sections: sect. Xanthium, which includes all taxa withunarmed stems; and sect. Acantoxanthium comprising plants with stems with trifurcate spines.
The taxa of sect. Acanthoxanthium are native ofSouth America, but due to human-mediated dispersal, some of its lineages have now reached acosmopolitan distribution. Apart from the widespread X. spinosum, several other taxa have been
described within this section. The aim of the present study is to determine species boundaries in
Xanthium sect. Acanthoxanthium. The study em-

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ployed phylogenomics, including target enrichment of hundreds of nuclear loci and complete
plastomes, and geometric morphometrics, alongside coalescent-based species delimitation approaches. To ensure a comprehensive range ofmorphological variations in the section, including
types and original material for some taxa, we surveyed key herbaria such as P, B, WU, and BA. Analysis of herbarium specimens that are nearly 200
years old, comprising type material, along withmodern extraction techniques and integrative
taxonomy analyses, have enabled us to identify
distinct evolutionary lineages within the section.
This further confirms the existence of two previously acknowledged species, X. spinosum and X.
ambrosioides (Tomasello 2018). Two further independent lineages are inferred as species, the neglected X. argentum, initially described by Widder(1923) based on a single herbarium voucher fromthe province of “Nubles” in Chile and nowadays
probably extremely rare; and X. catharticum, differentiated from X. spinosum, is its vicariant in thehigh-altitude environments of the Andes.

P.1632 Assessing theecological impacts ofinvasive alien plants ofFrance using adapted
protocols of EICAT and
EICAT+

problem, we investigated if two recent frameworks,
EICAT and EICAT+, have the potential to become
standards for assessing the ecological impacts ofalien plants in France. We first identified the needs
and constraints associated with the use of thesetwo protocols, and proposed several modifications.
We then assessed with the modified EICAT/EICAT+ (i)the regional impacts of 100 alien plants naturalized
in a French region, and (ii) the national impacts ofthe 230 plants identified as invasive in France. Modifying EICAT and EICAT+ is tricky, as too many changes would compromise the standardization featureof these methods and limit comparison with assessments from other regions. Firstly, we propose criteria to better define some concepts (e.g. local population), which were difficult to handle with plants
in a continental context. Sourced impact data are
required in both methods but are either non-existent or fragmentary for most species at a regional
scale, leading to a high number of “data deficient”
species. Therefore, we include local knowledge frombotanists and wildlife specialists, in addition to literature review. Finally, we propose a key for translating
field observations into impact levels, because local
knowledge is usually related to species behaviourand often cannot be translated into EICAT(+) impact. This work provides the most comprehensive
assessment to date of the current ecological impacts in France of 280 alien plants on a local and/or
national scale.

P.1633 Stratification length,
the key to breaking deep
dormancy of Rhynchospora
fusca (L.) W.T. Aiton

Thomas de Solan1, Aurélien Caillon1,
Guillaume Fried2, Yohann Soubeyran3,
Arnaud Albert4
1 Conservatoire Botanique National Sud Atlantique,
Audenge, France. 2 Anses, Laboratoire de la Santédes Végétaux, Unité entomologie et botanique,Montferrier-sur-Lez, France. 3 French committee of
the International Union for Conservation of Nature,
Montpellier, France. 4 French Biodiversity Agency, Research and Scientific Support Department,
Nantes, France.

Ana Irene García del Bao ¹, Maddi
Otamendi-Urbiztondo1, Mikel EtxeberriaOkariz1, Pablo Tejero2, Maialen ArrietaAseginolaza1.

The creation of prioritized checklists ranking alientaxa depending on their risk for biodiversity is an
essential step for an effective management of invasive alien species (IAS). In France, such lists foralien plants are drawn up by different structures atregional and national scales using various risk assessment methods. This lack of homogenization inassessment methods limits the implementation of
the French national strategy on IAS. To address thisRhynchospora fusca is a pioneer amphiatlantic
species of acid peatlands which has in the Iberian
Peninsula a southern distributioin limit, specifically in
the Atlantic valleys and transition mountains of theCantabrian Coast. Currently only 3 populations are
known throughout the Iberian Peninsula, and therefore the taxon is placed in the category of CriticallyEndangered in both the autonomous level (CAPV,

1Aranzadi Science Society. Donostia, Spain, 2 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE – CSIC). Jaca, Spain827

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Navarra and Asturias) and state level (Spain).The
most relevant populations is found in Izki (CAPV) in
which different conservation measures have been
carried out in the past years: population monitoring,
germplasm collection and conservation, germination test, production of new individuals and population reinforcements. Until now, the germination rates
obtained were very low compromising the effectiveness of some conservation actions. In this study, we
compared several germination protocols with theobjective of increasing the germination rate of R.
fusca and reducing the germination time. We carried out six protocols with different periods of cold
stratification from 2 to 12 weeks. Each protocol consisted of three cycles of stratification (6&deg;C) of
the corresponding length followed each cold cycle
by a germination period of 28 days (30/20&deg;Cand photoperiod 12/12h). Preliminary results indicate,
first, that the longer the stratification time is, thehigher the germination rate will be; and, second, theresults highlight the need to perform protocols witheven longer cold stratification periods, until reaching the maximum germination rate (despite that extends the duration of the protocol) or the trade-off
between time and germination rate.

P.1634 Essential oil
composition of Froriepia
subpinnata from different
localities of Guilan
province (Iran)

The aerial parts of 12 populations of this species
were collected in four different locations, prior toflowering period. A voucher specimen of each population was lodged at the herbarium of the botanylaboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran. All the samples were air-dried
before the oil extraction by hydro-distillation. The
essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled withmass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The oil yield of this species was little bit low (0.220.50) in comparison with other popular speciesof this family as parsley (Petroselinum crispum(Mill.) Fuss), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) or anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). A total of 81 compounds
have been identified, comprising more than 90% of
the 12 localities studied. The chemical characterization of the essential oils showed qualitative andquantitative differences between the populations
examined. The major constituents of the oils wereidentified as p-cymen-8-ol (44.0-60.6%), Z-ocimenone (6.7-9.5%), terpinolene (5.1-10.0%) and limonene (3.7-6.6%). With respect to the terpenoid type,the monoterpene were the predominant of the oil(71.3-94.6%), being the oxygenated monoterpenes(56.7-75.8%) predominant.
According to our results, the chemical compositionof this species does not seem to be not affected by
the locality where it grows.

Abbas Jorkesh 1, Rubén Abad Calderón 2 ,Jesús Palá Paúl 3
1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty ofAgricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht,
Islamic Republic of Iran. a.jorkesh@gmail.com. 2
Dpto. de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Unidad Docente de Edafología., Facultad de Farmacia,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain. rubabad@ucm.es. 3 Dpto. Biodiversidad Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias
Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,
28040-Madrid, Spain. Quibey@bio.ucm.es
Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb. Bail. (=Bupleurum subpinnatum Ledeb.; Froriepia nuda K.Koch) common
names “Froriepia” is an endangered, indigenous,
species from Iran. This species is presented in Guilan
province, one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It lies along
the Caspian Sea. This region has a humid subtropical climate according to Köppen climate type.

P.1635 Narrow vessels, thickmesophyll cell walls – thetwo hallmarks of frostadapted evergreen leaves
Andrzej J. Kowalski 1, Tomasz P. Wyka 1
1 Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University,
Poznan, Poland
Evolution of frost-adapted floras proceeded by adaptation of local taxa or by arrivals of pre-adapted
taxa from warmer climates.&nbsp; Leaves are vulnerable to frost because of their high water content, hence adaptation of woody plants to freezing
climates involved either winter-deciduousness or
modifications of leaf structure and physiology that
permitted winter hardiness of leaves. Here, we examine two foliar traits: petiole vessel diameter (PVD)
and mesophyll cell wall thickness (CWT), that are expected to correlate with leaf freezing tolerance. We
sampled a range of deciduous vs. evergreen spe-

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cies from various families and geographic origins.
Samples originated from plants cultivated in threebotanical gardens in lowland Poland, where frost
occurs regularly and the selected evergreen species retain leaves over Winter.
By comparing sets of 21 evergreen vs. 47 deciduous
woody species and adjusting for variation in leaf
size, we found that average diameters of 10, 20 or
30 widest vessels in the petioles were on averagesignificantly smaller in evergreen leaves. For example, based on analysis of the covariance model, ina 20 cm long deciduous leaf the predicted PVD of
10 widest vessels was 32.4 &micro;m whereas for an
evergreen leaf of the same size PVD was 28.2 &micro;m, i.e., 13% less.
To evaluate the differences in CWT, we studied 13
pairs of related deciduous vs. evergreen species. We
found that the range of mean CWT was 161-317 nm
in deciduous species and 245-525 nm in evergreen
species. The CWT was significantly larger in evergreen species in 8 species-pairs, with no differencesin the remaining pairs.
These results show a recurrent pattern of smaller PVD
and larger CWT across the evergreen taxa. Both anatomical modifications have accompanied the diversification into evergreen and deciduous habit infrost-experiencing regions and have likely contributed
to leaf freezing tolerance of the evergreen species.

P.1636 Wild plant use in
Hrvatsko zagorje region (NW
Croatia) - traditions andpractices on the verge ofdisappearance
Husnjak Malovec1, Katarina Valjak
Nikolina2, Jadan Zorica3, Pernar Anja4,
Hrusevar Dario5, Mitic Bozena5, Vitasovic
Kosic Ivana6, Blagec Jelena6, Sandev
Dubravka¹

Unlike the coastal part of Croatia where systematic research on the wild plants as the source offood begun more than half a century ago andhas continued to this day, data on plant use in thecontinental part of the country have not been systematically documented.
Ethnobotanical field research of the geographicaland historical region of Hrvatsko zagorje has been
conducted since 2015, with the aim of collecting andrecording data on the traditional use of wild plants
among local inhabitants, along with gathering diverse local dialectal nomenclatura.
The field work study used semi - structured interviews and free listing, included 153 informants ofaverage age of 71 from 4 smaller cities and theirrural surroundings throughout the region. Voucher
specimens of the taxa mentioned were collected
whenever available.
The result is the plant species list including up to 126
wild plant taxa with belonging vernacular names
and different ways of usage: human and domestic
animals nutrition, medicinal use, ornamental andreligious use, everyday useful items construction- e.g. basketry, building tools, musical instruments,
toys and use as construction material and firewood.
The most commonly mentioned plants belong tofamily Asteraceae (over 24%), following by families
Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae.
Due to the common climate and similar vegetation,
many species used in Hrvatsko zagorje region overlap with already recorded taxa from the surrounding
countries (Slovenia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina). There is certain assumption of the disappearance of traditional knowledge from everyday life as
some traditions and practices have still been utilized
or remembered only by the small number of aged
inhabitants. In addition, as in many other rural areas, the abandonment of traditional agriculture andnegative population trends has been noticed also in
Hrvatsko zagorje, contributing to further loss of traditional knowledge.

1 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Botanical Garden, Zagreb, Croatia 2 Konjšcina Elementary School, Konjšcina, Croatia 3 Ivan Goran Kovacic
Elementary School, Zagreb, Croatia 4 Vladimir Prelog Science School, Zagreb, Croatia 5 University ofZagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany,
Zagreb, Croatia 6 University of Zagreb, Faculty ofAgriculture, Zagreb, Croatia

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AUTHOR INDEX BY FIRST NAME
A

Adriana Q. Lobão.................................................................402

Aaron Lee................................................................................... 216

Adriane B. Tobias....................................................... 351, 478

Adrián E. Alcántara............................................................ 387

Aaron Liston................................................................. 499, 787

Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert...........................................665

Aaron Pérez-Haase............................................75, 79, 669

Adrián Escudero................................................89, 273, 580

Aarón Rodríguez.......................................................525, 826

Adrián García Rodríguez........................................70, 442

Aaryan Chhabra..................................................................432

Adrián Giaquinta................................................................. 792

Abbas Jorkesh.......................................................................828

Adrián Lázaro-Lobo........................................................... 747

Abby Meyer.............................................................................699

Adrian Möhl.............................................................................. 162

Abdullahi A. AbdulRahaman....................................... 720

Adriano C. Quaresma......................................................348

Abdulquadri Sagaya........................................................ 720

Adriano Maruyama...........................................................353

Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro.......................................698

Adrián Saldaña..................................................................... 237

Abdul Samad.........................................................................364

Adrian Sanhueza.................................................................645

Abel A. Conceição......................................... 401, 452, 579

Adrián Sapiña-Solano.....................................................645

Abelardo Aparicio................................ 421, 534, 572, 797

Adrian S. Monthony............................................................. 319

Abel Fernández Ruiz.......................................................... 735

Adrian Wysocki.....................................................................662

Abel Gizaw.....................................................................655, 765

Adriel M. Sierra.......................................................................208

Abigail Flores Peréz...................................................104-105

Adriel Sierra............................................................................... 181

Abiola G. Femi-Adepoju...................................................172

Adrien Sicard..........................................................................240

Abisaí J. García-Mendoza.............................................799

Ae-Jin Hwang..................................................................48-49

Abitha Thomas.....................................................................434

Aelys M. Humphreys................................................. 169, 361

AbrahamPadilla...................................................................550

Agnese Priede........................................................................706

Abugalieva S..........................................................................807

Agnes S. Dellinger................................................................ 716

A. Christopher Oishi...........................................................206

Agnieszka Rewicz.............................................53, 754-755

Adam Bates............................................................................434

Agostina B. Sassone...........................................................418

Adam B. Smith............................................................. 264, 591

Agostina Sassone.................................................................731

Adam G. West........................................................................ 622

Aguayo Paula........................................................................832

Adam Healey.........................................................................208Águeda M. González-Rodríguez..................................76

Adam Kantor..................................................................42, 626

Aguilar-Contreras A......................................................... 664

Ada Molina................................................................... 355-356

Agustina Malizia...................................................................475

Adam P. Karremans..........................................................299

Agustina Yañez............................................... 286, 288, 373

Adam Roddy........................................................................... 573

Agustín Lahora.......................................................................108

Adela M. Sánchez Moreiras..........................................588

Agustín Naranjo Cigala...................................................798

Adéla Zámečníková.............................................................. 71

Agustín Naranjo-Cigala.................................................550

Adele Muscolo...................................................................... 646

Aida Díaz Mansilla............................................................... 672

Ademola Adetunji..................................................................45

Ai Nagahama.........................................................................615

Adeola Abiola Oso.................................................................43

Ainhoa Hernández-García........................................... 747

Adepoju O. Adeyinka......................................................... 218

Airy Gras..................................................................................... 210

Adeyinka O. Adepoju..........................................................172

Aiswarya Balakrishnan....................................................432

Adilva de Souza Conceição.........................................505

Aisyah Faruk................................................................................51

A. Dogan Karahan..............................................................426

Aitor Álvarez-Santacoloma........ 355, 427, 526, 632

Adrià Casacuberta.............................................................801

Aitor García Goyenechea..............................................535

Adriana Bernal........................................................................ 118

Aitor Gastón............................................................................657

Adriana De Palma............................................................... 262

Aitor Gaston Gonzalez.....................................................482

Adriana dos Santos Lopes...............................................32

Aitor Laza......................................................................................24

Adriana I. Hernández........................................................525

Aiva Bojāre...............................................................................706

Adriana Krasteva................................................................ 227

Ai-Ying Wang.......................................................................... 501

Adriana Llanque................................................................... 473

Ajaree Thonglim.................................................................... 613

Adriana P Martinelli.................................................634, 636

Ajay Kumar Srivastava.................................................... 722

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Poster presentations

A. Jesús Muñoz Pajares..............41-42, 292, 369, 600

Alejandro González-Pérez.. 427, 526, 551, 565, 659

AJ Lexee O. Gonzales........................................................456

Alejandro Retureta-Aponte.......................................... 813

Akihiro Nishimura................................................................200

Alejandro Santiago...............................................................94

AJ Harris..................................................................................... 637

Alejandro Quintanar............................................................69

Ajola Mesiti................................................................................198

Alejandro Rodríguez...............................................549, 755

Akiko Satake............................................................................389

Alejandro T. Martín Umpierrez....................................546

Akiko Soejima.................................................................136, 175

Alejandro Torres-Montúfar............................................ 213

Akimi Wakui.............................................................................833

Aleksa Jelikić..........................................................................424

Akinwumi J. Akinloye.........................................................463

Aleksandra Radanović....................................................595

Akira Itoh..................................................................22, 730-731

Aleksey A. Penin...............................................203, 293, 370

Akira Watanabe.................................................................... 791

Alena Uvírová.........................................................................790

Akitoshi Iwamoto........................................... 429, 738-739

Ales Kovarik.............................................................................. 193

Akiyo Naiki...............................................................82, 255, 317

Aleš Lisner..................................................................................158

Alain Vanderpoorten........................................................547

Alessandra Renella...............................................................52

Alain Delage............................................................................. 410

Alessandra I. Coan..................................................508, 532

Alan A. Roque...........................................................................712

Alessandra S. Schnadelbach...................................... 720

Alan Baker................................................................................457

Alessandro Alboresi...........................................................334

Alan Camelo e Silva......................................................... 668

Alessandro Cavagna.......................................................382

Alan Crivellaro......................................................................... 116

Alessandro Lazzara............................................................. 130

Alan R. Lemmon...................................................................525

Alessandro Rapini................................................................491

Alan R. Smith..............................................................................711

Alessandro Varani............................................................... 471

Alan S. Weakley.......................................................................86

Alessia D’auria........................................................................377

Alarcón M.................................................................................. 725

Alessia Russo........................................................................... 241

Alastair Culham...................................................................409

Alessio Giovannelli................................................................45

Alba Anadon-Rosell............................................................. 72

Alexander Belyayev........................................................... 732

Alba Cuena-Lombraña..................................................543

Alexander Christian Vibrans........................................562

Alba Martínez-Castro.......................................................475

Alexander E. Lipka................................................................507

Alba Martín...................................................................369, 495

Alexander C. Vibrans........................................................562

Alba Navarro-Montagud............................................... 273

Alexander Erban...................................................................240

Albano Beja-Pereira..........................................................485

Alexander G. Kirejtshuk....................................................785

Alba Rodríguez Parra........................................................ 207

Alexander G. Linan..............................................................693

Alba Romero...................................................................411, 552

Alexander I. Shmakov.......................................................785

Alberto J. Coello................................... 259, 451, 494, 703

Alexander M. C. Bowles....................................................243

Alberto de la Rosa Padilla..........................95, 546, 797

Alexander J. Hetherington.............................................245

Alberto Pizarro.......................................................................578

Alexander N. Sennikov......................................................785

Alberto Rodríguez-Fernández.......................................60

Alexander R. Schmidt............................................. 284, 618

Albert Vilà-Cabrera...........................................................665

Alexander Rudov..................................................................343

Aldasoro J................................................................................. 725

Alexandra M. Kasianova................................................. 672

Aldana M. Elisei.....................................................................553

Alexandra Antal....................................................................458

Aldineia Buss..........................................................................483

Alexandre A Duarte............................................................483

Aleena Xavier.......................................................................... 261

Alexandre Antonelli.................................................. 174, 666

Alegría Montero Ramírez...............................................253

Alexandre Christófaro Silva..........................................559

Alejandor Hernández García.........................................48

Alexandre C. Martins.......................................................... 192

Alejandra de Castro.................................................251, 253

Alexandre Gibau de Lima..............................................505

Alejandra G. Herrezuelo..................................................309

Alexandre R. Zuntini...........................................................828

Alejandra Herrezuelo........................................................ 729

Alexandre Salino.....................................................................711

Alejandra Moscoso-Estrella............................................67

Alexandre S. Medeiros....................................................... 512

Alejandra Vasco..................................................................286

Alexandre W. S. Hilsdorf...................................................444

Alejandra Villalvazo-Hernández................................516

Alexandria Kurowski.......................................................... 787

Alejandro De la Rosa-Tilapa........................................196

Alexandru Eugeniu Mizeranschi................................599

Alejandra Villafuerte-Salazar.....................................392

Alexandre Zuntini......................................................564, 697

Alejandro Alonso...........................................259, 428, 494

Alexandria Quinlan................................................................25831

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Alexa Paes Coelho..............................................................235

Aline R. de Almeida............................................................ 379

Alex Baumel............................................................................. 410

Aline R. Martins......................................................................607

Alex Crum.................................................................................. 216

Aline S. Tajima.......................................................................532

Alexei A. Oskolski..................................................................494

Ali Oumouloud......................................................................328

Álex Espinosa-Correa.........................................................56

Alison D. Scott........................................................................ 673

Alex F. Mendes.......................................................................348

Alisson Dennis González-Cortes..............................805

Alexei Oskolski.......................................................................424

Alisa Nakkaew........................................................................ 313

Alexey A. Penin....................................................................... 672

Alissa Brown............................................................................264

Alex Fournier-Level.............................................................432

Aliza Zarka................................................................................740

Alexia Bennert...........................................................................88

Allan Strand.............................................................................264

Alex Kirsch................................................................................. 187

Allison Knight..........................................................................795

Alex Nina....................................................................................475

Alma Balestrazzi......................................................................45

Alex Salvadego..................................................................... 307

Alma Kumbaric...................................................................... 130

Alex Twyford......................................................436, 483, 765

Alma Piñeyro-Nelson........................................................240

Alfonso Jiménez Ramírez...............................................544

Almerekova S.........................................................................807

Alfonso Susanna.......................655, 677-678, 681-682

Almıla Çiftçi...........................................................114, 413, 626

Alfonso Timoneda...............................................................582

Alok Arun.................................................................................... 192

Alfred Mullaj............................................................................428

Alok R. Chorghe....................................................................358

Alfredo Alcayde.................................................................... 739

A Lovisa S Gustafsson......................................................765

Alfredo Benavente..............................................................230

Alvarez Aina............................................................................ 477

Alfredo Benavente Navarro.........................................230Álvaro Duque.......................................................................... 201

Alfredo Cascante................................................................299

Álvaro Hernando Bartolomé............................402, 404

Alfredo Corrochano............................................................148Álvaro Mayoral Medina.................................................... 107

Alfredo Delgado-Calderón........................................... 813

Álvaro Moreno Martín............................................402, 404

Alfredo Maccioni.......................................................269, 545

Álvaro Pereira de Carvalho..........................................487

Alfredo Reyes-Betancort.......................................176, 419

Álvaro Prado...................................................................411, 552

547-548, 797-798

Álvaro Promis.........................................................................205

Alfredo Torres-Benítez..............................................27, 736

Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado.................................................595

Alfredo Valido........................................................................547

Álvaro Suero Barrado.......................................................388

Ali A. Dönmez..................................................... 412, 626, 788

Alyssa Carrell.........................................................................208

Alice Calvente........................................................................810

Alyssa Marie A. Lola.................................................456, 474

Alice C. Hughes.....................................................................653

Alyssa Marie Lola.................................................................457

Alice M. Almeida....................................................................199

Amalia Ibiapino......................................................... 650, 787

Alice Fritz.....................................................................................159

Alyssa Roudebush.............................................................. 762

Alicia Gómez-Fernández...............................................266

Amalia Scataglini................................................................657

Alicia López Méndez.................................................373, 418

Amanda Aparecida Vieira Dias................................487

Alicia Marticorena Garri..................................................406

Amanda A. Vento................................................................528

Alicia M. Navarro.................................................................. 387

Amanda Camara...............................................................650

Alicia Perera-Castro............................................................76

Amanda L. Grusz..................................................................284

Alicia Montesinos Navarro............................................. 751

Amanda da Paixão Noronha Pereira................... 696

Alicia Rojas Leal....................................................................468

Amanda Mármol-Salvador......................................... 273

Alicia Talavera.......................................................................704

Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp................................................507

Alicia T. R. Acosta....................................................................97

Amanda P. N. Pereira....................................................... 696

Alicia Victoria Perera-Castro.........................................24

Amanda S. Victorino.........................................................528

Alicja Dołkin-Lewko.................................................448, 743

Amanda Taylor.....................................................................348

Alida Anna Hábenyczus....................................................99

Amanda V. da Silva..............................................................311

Alina Freire-Fierro................................................................474

Amber Horning......................................................................493

Alicja Warzecha...................................................................620

Amanda Tercero Araque................................................ 310

Alimpić Aradski Ana..........................................................700

Amanda Vieira da Silva..................................................263

Alina G. Cîșlariu..........................................................340, 655

Ameka Gabriel Komla...................................................... 375

Alina Georgiana Cîşlariu..........................559, 744, 750

Amélia Carlos Tuler...........................................................353

Aline C. Mota........................................................................... 720

Amelia Fuller...........................................................................305

832

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Poster presentations

Amelia L. Mateo Jiménez..................................................35

Ana Morales Alonso...................................................150, 152

A.M. González-Rodríguez.................................................122

Ana Novoa...............................................................................628

Amit Gur.....................................................................................248

Ana Otero.......................................................................481, 494

Amelia Shepherd-Clowes.............................................. 421

Ana M. Sánchez.......................................................................89

Amina Daoud-Bouattour................................................801

Ana Ortega-Olivencia..............................................111, 545

Amjad U. Rahman...............................................................555

Ana Paula Fortuna Perez.............. 634, 636, 638-639

A. Montesinos-Navarro.....................................................122

Ana Paula Moraes..............................................................438

Amparo Echeverry-Gómez.................................. 214, 221

Ana Paula Portela................................................................ 817

Amparo Lázaro........................................................... 304, 812

Ana Paula S. Gonçalves.................................................. 720

A. Muthama Muasya.................................... 437, 622, 777

Ana Rita G. Simões.............................................................828

A.M.S.F. Vaz................................................................................ 162

Ana R. G. Simões.....................................................................62

Amy Barker..............................................................................799

Ana Rosa Burgaz.................................................................796

Amy Denton............................................................................434

Anass Terrab Benjelloun................................................ 207

Amy Frary..................................................................................248

Anastasija Jevtić.................................................................804

Amy Highland........................................................................ 775

Ana T. Caldeira.....................................................................824

Amy H. Morrell......................................................................... 341

Ana Terlević................................................................... 417, 420

Ana Afonso................................................................... 290, 347

Anat Hendelman.................................................................248

Anabela Martins......................................................................70

Ana T. Lombardi...................................................................780

Ana Belén Fernández Salegui..........................209, 458

Anatoliy A. Khapugin.......................................................... 197

Ana Belén Marín-Arroyo...................................... 422, 526

Anauara L. de Silva............................................................. 779

Ana Briga-Sá..........................................................................824

Ana Valdés-Florido............................................................629

Ana Campilho.......................................................................465

Ana Z. Miller..............................................................................824

Ana Caperta........................................................................... 729

Anca Sârbu..............................................................................744

Ana Car............................................................................. 410, 413

Anderson Alves-Araújo......................................................53

Ana Clara A. Pereira..........................................................348

Anderson R. Silva................................................................. 637

Ana Cláudia Alencar........................................................290

Anderson Y. S. Fukuji..........................................................745

Ana Claudia Araújo.............................93, 262, 298, 666

Andrea Arrones..............................................248, 649-650

Ana C. Mezzonato-Pires....................................................712

Andrea C. López-Díaz.......................................................594

Anacristina Bayona...........................................................492

Andrea Coppi................................................................ 112, 274

Ana D. Caperta..................................................................... 734

Andrea Desiderato.............................................................754

Ana C.V. Lelis........................................................................... 220

Andrea da Costa..................................................................816

Ana Dominique M. Quibot.............................................456

Andrea Fernández Gómez............................................442

Anaëlle Hulbert.....................................................................300

Andrea Fernández-Gutiérrez...........................526, 585

Ana Fernández T.....................................................................171

Andrea Lallai.................................................................410, 543

Ana Flávia Augustin................................................ 352, 706

Andrea L. Case....................................................................... 741

Ana Irene García del Bao............................................... 827

Andrea L. Gamboa.............................................................456

Anahí Vargas............................................................................67

Andrea L. Simbaqueba....................................................532

Anahí Canedo Texón........................................................ 279

Andrea Loayza......................................................................284

Ana I. García-Cervigón............................... 89, 580, 583

Andrea Martínez-Ballesté.............................................630

Ana I. Honfi................................................................................196

Andrea Melichárková.......................................................626

Ana I. Paniagua-García..................................................209

Andrea Mira-Jover.............................................................369

Ana Isabel García-Ambrosy....................................... 222

Andrea Mondoni......................................................45, 51, 78

Anaïs Gibert............................................................................. 793

Andre A. Naranjo..................................................................699

Ana Julia Peracini...............................................................309

Andrea Pedrosa-Harand.......191, 438, 622, 787, 832

Ana L.C. Silva...........................................................................580

Andrea Salas-Sánchez.....................................................371

Ana López Ballesteros.......................................................165

Andrea Sánchez Meseguer...........................................777

Analu Zanotti........................................................................... 219

Andrea Sánchez-Tapia................................................... 378

Ana María Benavides.......................................................348

Andreas Beck.........................................................................587

Ana-Maria Nedelcheva.................................................. 229

Andreas Ensslin.........................................................346, 533

Ana María Vega-Maray.....................................................60

Andreas J. Meyer................................................................. 252

Ana M. Giulietti-Harley................................. 280, 414, 491

Andrea S. Meseguer................................................188, 500

Ana M. Mingorance-Paredes......................................424

Andrea Solana......................................................................650

833

XX International
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Poster presentations

Andreas P.M. Weber...........................................................394

Angel Castillo.........................................................................769

Andreas Reul..........................................................................260Ángel Fernández del Valle............................................. 218

André C. Lima...............................................................160, 466Ángel García................................................................. 419, 672

André C. Muniz............................................................483, 485

Angélica Gallego-Narbón..................................428, 494

André Freitas......................................................................... 666

Angelo Troia............................................................................ 276

Andreea Sandu.....................................................................340

Angelino Carta...................................................................... 707

André Guilherme.................................................................. 512

Ángel Penas........... 355, 427, 526, 551, 632, 659, 680

Andre Hoffmann..................................................................402

Angie Paola Mosquera..................................................... 150

André L. de Gasper..................................................348, 562

Anina Coetzee.......................................................................349

André Marques....................................................191, 622, 771

Anita Elizabeth Clarke.........................................................25

André O. Carvalho..............................................................745

Anke Bebber.............................................................................159

André Mira................................................................................. 817

Anja Rimac...............................................................................149

Andrés Aguilar.........................................................................771

Anna Asatryan......................................................................343

Andrés Barea Márquez........................................... 172, 272

Annabelle R. de Vries............................................. 365, 726

André S. B. Gil...........................................................................184

Anna Corli.............................................................................45, 51

Andre S. Chanderbali........................................................ 134

Anna Finke................................................................................. 431

Andrés Espinoza-Maticurena........................................67

Anna Galinski.........................................................................595

Andrés Issaly.......................................................................... 792

Anna K. Valchanova................................................ 180, 335

Andrés Fonseca-Cortés...................................................721

Anna Gillini................................................................................. 119

Andrés Mansilla....................................................................329

Anna L. Becker........................................................................ 134

Andrés Mellado......................................................................148

Annaliese Mason....................................................................38

Andrés Orejuela......................................................... 461, 647

Annalisa Managlia.............................................................. 157

Andrés Torres-Miranda...................................................382

Anna Luiza P. Lima..............................................................256

André Thibaut........................................................................665

Anna M. Stefanowicz......................................................... 757

Andrés Romero-Bravo.....................................................795

Annalisa Santangelo........................................................ 707

Andrés V. Pérez Latorre............................................75, 428

Annamaria Giorgi............................................................... 477

Andreu Joan...........................................................................549

Anna Nebot.............................................................................405

André V. Suzuki.....................................................53, 423, 713

Anna Saghatelyan.............................................................398

Andrzej J. Kowalski..............................................................828

Anna Sans........................................................... 163, 346, 756

Andrew A. Crowla................................................................. 134

Anna-Sophie Hawranek.................................................302

Andrew E. McDougall..............................................513, 598

Anna Traveset........................................................................ 157

Andrew Eagar...........................................................................121

Anna-Thalassini Valli......................................................... 541

Andrew Hudson....................................................................245

Anna V. Klepikova.................................................... 293, 672

Andrew Leitch........................................................................ 573

Anna V. Reutemann...........................................................196

Andrew L. Hipp.....................................................165, 187, 727

Anna V. Stepanova............................................................494

Andrew M. Kramer.............................................................. 337

Anna Zaharieva...............................................227, 229, 596

Andrey Erst.......................................................................782, 811

Anne Bruneau........................................................................636

Andria Dawson......................................................................264

Anne de Bures........................................................................ 821

Andrieli L. da Silva............................................................... 379

Anne K Brysting.....................................................................765

Andrius Garbaras...................................................................25

Anne-Laure Fuchs.............................................................. 202

Andrii Tarieiev.................................................................. 83-84

Anne-Laure Decombeix..................................................380

Andrzej Bajguz.......................................................................258

Anne Le Maître.......................................................................302

Andrzej Talarczyk.................................................................665

Annette Becker......................................................................253

Andy Griffiths..........................................................................436

Anne Visscher......................................................................... 170

Andy J. Green.........................................................................623

Annie Aboucaya................................................................... 410

Anelize Barboza....................................................................642

Annina Kantelinen................................................................. 37

Aneeza Asif..............................................................................528

Annika Rüdinger......................................................................83Ángela Aguado-Lara........................................................693

Ann Mc Cartney.................................................................... 729

Angela Balzano......................................................................377

Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa...........................................43

Angela Illuminati.....................................................................89

Anouar Toumi......................................................................... 410

ÁngelaSánchez-Miranda..............................................600

Anselmo Nogueira.................................263, 274, 311, 774

Ángel Cascón...........................................................................56

Ansis Opmanis......................................................................706

834

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Anthony I. Odiwe................................................................... 313

Ari S. Nugraha........................................................................479

Anton A. Gladilin................................................................... 370

Arkadiusz Nowak..................................................................486

Antje Wolff...................................................................................45

Arjun B. Potter..........................................................................186

Anton A. Reznicek................................................................. 183

Armand Cavé-Radet........................................................263

Antonella Cosseddu.........................................................545

Armando Aguirre Jaimes..............................................597

Antonella Costa................................................................... 792

Armand Randrianasolo..................................................693

Antônia Elenir Amâncio Oliveira...............................744

Armel Salmon........................................................................263

Antonia Vukmirović............................................................614

Arnald Marcer.........................................................................198

Antoni Buira..............................................................................481

Arnau Bosch-Guiu..............................................................564

Antoni J. Far................................................................... 145, 542

Arnaud Albert.........................................................................836

Antoni Josep Far.............................................150, 339, 584

Arnau Ribas-Serra........................................... 147, 150, 337

Antonino Russo......................................................................377

Arne Saatkamp....................................................................592

Antonio Aguilar........................................................... 163, 756

Arno F. N. Brandes............................................................... 378

Antonio Caicedo..................................................................404

Aron Cádiz-Véliz..................................................................462

Antônio A. S. Alencar.........................................................745

Arnoldo Santos-Guerra.........................................176, 797

Antonio De Agostini...........................................................458

Aroonrat Kidyoo......................................................................86

Antonio Díaz-Pérez.............................................................328

Arora S..............................................................................278, 725

Antonio Flores-Moya........................................................260

Arrieta M....................................................................................496

Antonio Gazol Burgos............................................. 585, 612

Arsela Todivelo......................................................................302

Antonio González-Rodríguez....................................... 187

Artémis Anest................................ 139, 260, 262, 321, 676

Antonio Hernández............................................................586

Arthur Bayle..............................................................................614

Antônio J. Demuner........................................................... 220

Arthur Glenn A. Umali.......................................................478

Antonio J. Mendoza Fernández.............. 108-109, 521

Arthur K. Chan........................................................................244

Antonio L. Crespí....................................................... 663, 767

Arthur Macedo...........................................................446, 782

Antonio Martínez Cortizas..................................402, 404

Arthur S. Soares....................................................................564

Antonio Morabito.................................................................383

Arturo Castro-Castro........................................................188

Antonio Picornell..........................................................60, 472

Arunika Gunawardena....................................................449

Antonio R. Castilla..................................................... 198, 264

Arup R. Roy............................................................................... 376

Antonio Salmerón............................................................... 739

Arzu Huseynova..................................................................... 412

Antonio Vidaković...............................................................487

Asfandyar Shahab.............................................................459

Anton Stepanenko..............................................................674

Ashley Bales............................................................................469

Antoni Palerm...........................................................................92

Ashiq Haripershad...............................................................610

Antony van der Ent....................................... 455-457, 772

Ashley Buchanan................................................................ 226

Antun Alegro............................................................................149

Ashley Hamersma..............................................................454

Anukwuorji A. Chidozie.................................................... 374

Ashlyn Weaver......................................................................469

Anush A. Nersesyan......................................................51, 174

Ash M. Kerber........................................................................... 716

Anzar A. Khuroo...................................................................... 315

Ashna Toms............................................................................569

Aphonce Bere........................................................................594

Ashutosh Sharma................................................................ 318

Aprajita Kumari...................................................................... 821

Ashwani Tapwal.................................................................... 125

Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga.....................................................602

Ashwell R. Ndhlala................................................................601

Arbindra Timilsina...............................................................566

Asja Cucchietti...................................................................... 307

Arezoo Dastpak.................................................................... 573

Aslı Yılmaz.................................................................................697

Areli Buenabad.....................................................................385

Aslı Doğru-Koca................................................177, 468, 681

Ariadna Amorós........................................................ 422, 526

A. Słomka..................................................................................600

Ariadna Bethancourt.......................................................... 181

Astghik Papikyan.....................................................................51

Ariane F. dos Santos..........................................................489

Asunción de los Ríos..............................................795-796

Ariane L. Nascimento...........................................................131

Aswathi Ganga.......................................................................221

Ariane Luna Peixoto............................................................ 251

Asya E. Akbarova.................................................................469

Ariane T. Vieira....................................................................... 192

Atenógenes Licona............................................................385

Arianna Amadori.................................................................545

Athanasia Chroni................................................................. 157

Arianna Michell Torres Morán...................................... 107

Atsushi Abe................................................................................317

Arief Hidayat..............................................................................511

Atsushi Ebihara............................................................. 30, 738

835

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Atsushi Ohta...........................................................................440

Bekim Gashi............................................................................587

Aubrey Howard........................................................................57

Bektemir B. Osmonali.......................................................556

Atzori Giulia............................................................................... 193

Beknazarova Kh.A..................................................................74

Audrey Le Vève.....................................................................788

Belén Acosta-Gallo............................................................ 763

Augusto G. de Oliveira.....................................................354

Belén Albertos...............................................................533, 817

Aureliano Bombarely.....................................471, 648, 701

Belen Alvestegui...................................................................239

Aurélien Caillon....................................................................836

Belén Estébanez Pérez................................145-146, 494,

Aurelien Tellier........................................................................601

583-584, 745, 816-817

Aurelio Acevedo...................................................................798

Belén Méndez-Vigo............................................................198

A. Vancolen.............................................................................449

Beltrán-Rodríguez L.A...................................................... 664

Axel Gualdoni-Becerra....................................................563

Benedek Tóth.................................................................99, 760

Axel D. Poulsen............................................... 508-509, 572

Beñat Orbea........................................................................... 753

Axel Moehrenschlager.....................................................342

Benjamin Jackson..............................................................434

Aydin Kaleli............................................................................... 410

Benjamin S. Lazarus............................................................ 716

Ayşe Deligöz...............................................................................26

Benjamin Sperry......................................................................97

Benkhnigue Ouafae............................................................561

B

Benoit Loeuille................................................................62, 676

Benoît Perez-Lamarque..................................................302

Bai Peiwei.................................................................................. 262
Baltasar Cabezudo...............................................................75

Ben Scott................................................................................... 262

Barbara A. Ambrose..........................................................830

Berleni V. Lebrón Liriano..................................................403

Berber Zandstra.................................................................... 132

Baptiste Pierre........................................................................ 410

Bernabè Moya.......................................................................383

Barbara Azevedo de Oliveira......................................498

Bernard Goffinet......................................................34, 73, 115

Barbara Baldan....................................................................334

Bernardo B.N. Strassburg...............................................389

Bárbara Díez Rodríguez..................................................803

Bernard Riera.......................................................................... 391

Bárbara F. Dantas........................................... 46, 582, 644

Bernhard Schmid...................................................................90

Barbara Łotocka..................................................................448

Berta Miralles..........................................................................405

Barbara Płaskonka....................................................258, 312
Barbora Šingliarová..........................................42, 100, 627

Bethany Burns.............................................................263, 337

Barnabas H. Daru................................................................656

Beverley J. Glover..................... 241-242, 259, 298, 450

Betsaida Cabrera................................................................ 514

Barbora Tomešová............................................................ 732

Bhavani Natarajan.............................................................450

Barratt C. D......................................................................331, 748

Bhupendra Chaudhary....................................................814

Bartimeus Buiene S. Alvaran..........................................44

Bianca K.A. Paulino.............................................................363

Bart Lievens............................................................................. 287
Barupal M........................................................................278, 725

Bianca T Ferreira.................................................................. 792

Batıkan Günal...........................................................................26

Bikram Pandey......................................................................566

Bijay Khadka........................................................................... 572

Bastian Steudel............................................................. 372, 611

Bilbao Marco..........................................................................832

Batlai Oyuntsetseg............................................................... 811
Baudilio Herrero....................................................................230

Bilge S. Kaleli.........................................................114, 413, 626

Beatrice Chiavacci.............................................................455

Bin-Bin Liu.................................................................................500

Billy Williams Marland......................................................623

Béatrice Chassé....................................................................165

Bing Liu........................................................................................500

Beatrice Landoni...................................................................195

Bingru Huang.......................................................................... 120

Beatriz Benítez Cabrera...................................................818

Bingyu Li......................................................................................616

Beatriz Cervigón Recuero............................................... 107

Bin Liu.............................................................................................. 77

Beatriz Cubero.......................................................................824

B. Jiménez-Alfaro...................................................................74

Beatriz Fernández-Marín................................24, 76, 586

Blagec Jelena........................................................................829

Beatriz M. Meriño..................................................................462

Blagoy A. Uzunov.............................................381, 387, 392

Beatriz Nievas-Valverde....................................................76

Blagoy Uzunov.......................................................................407

Beatriz Pablo-Carmona...................................................271

Blaine Fitzgerald...................................................................248

Beatriz Pías............................................................................... 273

Blanca Arroyo-Correa.....................................................299

Beatriz Vigalondo................................................................533

Blanca Cortón Gracia......................................................209

Begoña Quirós-de-la-Peña........................................ 732

Blanca Ruiz..............................................................................552

Begoña Renau-Morata.......................................................18836

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Bocanegra-González K.T...............................................460

Bustamante R........................................................................ 762

Bodil Cronholm.....................................................................603

Bodil K. Ehlers..........................................................................432

C

Bojana Bokić..............................................................................69

Caballero-Villalobos L.....................................................486

Bode A. Olukolu.....................................................................436

Bye-Boettler R.A................................................................... 664

Bogdan Jovanović................................................................131

Caballero Mauricio............................................................. 781

Bojan Zlatković......................................................................680

Caian S. Gerolamo............................................................ 466

Bo Li...............................................................................................263

Calixto Rodríguez Quiel...................................................348

Bo Liu............................................................................................653

Callaway R...............................................................................748

Bollo-Manent M................................................................... 664

Callum J. Hudson................................................................. 341

Bombarely A...........................................................................486

Calmé S..................................................................................... 664

Bonaventura Torroella.....................................................756

Calvo J........................................................................................496

Bonifacino Mauricio J.......................................................682

Cameron A. Stern.................................................................518

Bonita Ratkai..........................................................................760

Camila B. De Araújo.....................................489, 780, 784

Boon-Chuan Ho.................................................................. 669

Camila Nardy..............................................................348, 390

Boreum Park............................................................................ 140

Camila Nardy Delgado...................................................390

Boris Radak.................................................................................69

Camila Nascimento..........................................................234

Boris S. Villanueva Tamayo..........................................408

Camila Ogas..........................................................................647

Borja Jiménez-Alfaro..............348, 481, 658, 747, 759

Camila Rueda........................................................................344

Borja Sanz.................................................................................558

Camila Sosa........................................................................... 473

Bo Shen.......................................................................................610

Camilla Lind Salomonsen.............................................432

Boštjan Surina.............................................................346-347

Camilla Pandolfi..................................................................589

Boudik Soukayna..................................................................561

Camilla Pieri............................................................................. 701

Bożena Kolano....................................................................... 193

Camilla R. Alexandrino....................................................528

Božo Frajman.................................................... 360, 415, 420

Camilla Wellstein................................................................ 274

Brandon E. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez.....................638, 826

Camille-Madeleine Szymansky............................... 646

Brenda A. López-Ruiz........................................................246

Camilo Avalos....................................................................... 473

Brenda Lopes Emerick Neves..................................... 668

Camilo Ferrón.......................................................42, 292, 431

Brenda Riquelme............................................................ 34, 73

Camilo Palacios-Hurtado.............................................. 201

Brian D. Schrire...................................................................... 437

Camilo V. Rebouças.......................................................... 527

Brian du Preez........................................................................ 437

Campagna María Sofía....................................................271

Brian J Sanderson...............................................................630

Campana Daniela Cristina............................................ 118

Brianne de Deugd...............................................................708

Campos Cáceres................................................................328

Brian Sedio...................................................................... 181, 439

Campos Dominguez L.....................................................786

Brian Viner................................................................................206

Cândida G. Vale...................................................................824

Brigita Laime...........................................................................706

Canòlich Álvarez................................................................... 210

Brigitte Marazzi......................................................................505

Cardiel JM................................................................................424

Brigitte Ramandimbisoa................................................302

Carina Davis...........................................................................540

Brito V.L.G...................................................................................239

Carla Lambertini................................................................... 701

Bruce Webber........................................................................ 742

Carla Maldonado................................................................648

Bruna C. Barbosa................................................................263

Carla Novoa Sepulveda.................................................406

Bruna F.de Souza.................................................................489

Carla Novoa Sepúlveda.................................................. 415

Brunny Espinoza-Amén.....................................................67

Carla Poleselli Bruniera.......................................................61

Bryan C. Carstens...............................................................280

Carla Sofía Islas-Hernández........................................ 135

Bryan Drew...............................................................................697

Carles Barriocanal.............................................................339

Bryan Naqqi Manco...........................................................799

Carles Benedí.......................................................................... 155

B. Slazak.....................................................................................600

Carles Burguera................................................. 93, 163, 346

Bujar Kadriaj..............................................................................151

Carles Burguera i Martín...................................................93

Bum-Soo Hahn...............................................................48-49

Carles Cardona...................................37, 64, 94, 145, 147,

Buntarou Kusumoto..........................................................565

150, 337, 339, 584

Buragohain R..........................................................................343

Carles V. Cardona............................................................... 147

Burcu Y. Çitak............................................................................39

Carli Andrea............................................................................. 193

837

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Carlos A. Góis-Marques..................................................547

Carmen Ulloa Ulloa..........................................67, 416, 558

Carlos Almeida......................................................................195

Carme Pacín...........................................................................603

Carlos A. Joly.............................................................................. 31

Carmen Ureña......................................................................633

Carlos Alonso-Blanco.......................................................198

Carolina Bambagüé Caícedo......................................212

Carlos A. Mendez.................................................................. 215

Carolina Callegari..............................................................647

Carlos Blanco-Alegre..........................................................60

Carolina M. Siniscalchi............................................186, 281

Carlos Bustos-Segura.....................................................749

Carolina Rojas...................................................232, 400, 813

Carlos Cáceres Marrero.................................................798

Carolina Sarmiento............................................................. 118

Carlos Castillejos..................................232, 400, 784, 813

Carolina S. Pinho.....................................................................131

Carlos De Mier.......................................................................393

Carolina Tovar..........................................................................78

Carlos E. Lozada-Becerra..............................................464

Caroline Edwards................................................................264

Carlos García-Verdugo....................................................172

Caroline Howard........................................................ 351, 434

Carlos E. de M. Bicudo......................................................489

Caroline De S. Bellissimo................................................784

Carlos E. M. Bicudo.................................................. 780, 784

Caroline E. R. Lehmann.................................................... 357

Carlos Gómez-Bellver.....................................66-67, 564

Caroline Maake.................................................................... 222

Carlos Gonzales Inca.......................................................... 73

Caroline Mallmann...............................................................89

Carlos Gonzalo Gil..............................................................552

Caroline M. Castro..............................................................649

Carlos Herrera.......................................................................605

Caroline Trevelin................................................................... 192

Carlos Lado.............................................................................786

Caroline Vasconcelos.........................................................89

Carlos H. C. Martins............................................................. 512

Caroline Oliveira Andrino..............................................623

Carlos Iván Espinosa........................................................475

Caroline Turchetto.............................................................305

Carlos Lara-Romero.........................................................356

Carolyn Dolt............................................................................528

Carlos Martel.............................................................................78

Carolyn J. Ferguson............................................................414

Carlos M. Herrera..................................................................106

Carolyn J. Hogg....................................................................342

Carlos Morla............................................................................. 142

Carrie Radcliffe.....................................................................535

Carlos Olmedo-Castellanos..........................................42

Carrie Tribble........................................................................... 124

Carlos Real...............................................................................603

Casacuberta JM..................................................................786

Carlos R. Boelter...................................................................348

Carrillo R. Diana.....................................................................156

Carlos Ruiz-López................................................................386

Casey M. Ryan....................................................................... 522

Carlos Salazar Mendías.................... 108-109, 310, 428

Casper van Leeuwen........................................................623

Carlos Victor Mendonça Filho....................................559

Cassia Mônica Sakuragui.............................................. 251

Carlos Vila-Viçosa..................................................395, 465

Cassiano A. D. Welker.................................. 361, 569, 720

Carl Rothfels............................................................................ 124

Cássio van den Berg..................................... 513-514, 678

Carlos W. do N. Moura......................................................489

Cassiano R. Oliveira........................................................... 527

Carme Blanco-Gavaldà........................... 655, 677, 681

Castanera R............................................................................786

Carmela Capistrós Bitrián.........................70, 384, 442

Catalán P..................................................................................496

Carmelo Gómez-Martínez............................................304

Catalina Quintana..............................................................407

Carmen A. Castillo............................................................. 473

Catarina Gomes-Domingues.................................... 734

Carmen Acedo.............................150, 209, 307, 481, 777

Catarina Siopa...........................................................290, 675

Carmen Andrés............................................................411, 552

Catherine Cardelus..............................................................28

Carmen Bartolomé............................................................625

Catherine Collins.................................................................358

Carmen Benítez-Benítez................................................. 183

Catherine Kidner.......................................................276, 698

Carmen Bouza......................................................................538

Cátia H. Callado........................................................379, 808

Carmen Castañeda.............................................................101

Caudia F. Barros................................................................... 378

Carmen Galán.........................................................57, 59, 62

Cécile Chemin........................................................................ 410

Carmen Díaz-Sala..............................................................578

Cavines T.................................................................................. 762

Carmen García-Llamas....................................................62

Cécile Gueidan.............................................................115, 795

Carmen Pérez Morales....................................................680

Cecilia Blundo........................................................................475

Carmen M. Valiejo-Roman...........................................785

Cecilia Arnáiz-Schmitz.................................................... 763

Carmen Prada........................................................... 285, 783

Cecilia B. Moran......................................................................317

Carmen R. Marcati........................................ 160, 379, 809

Cecilia G. Costa....................................................................808

Carmen Torres.........................................................................59

Cecilia Leonor Jiménez-Sierra........................388, 675

838

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Cecilia M. Acosta..................................................................418

Chia Hsin Tsai........................................................................325

Cecilia Rubio..............................................................................38

Chiara Giobbe........................................................................ 130

Celestino Quintela-Sabarís.........................................485

Chiara Paleni........................................................................... 701

Célia Paris................................................................................. 202

Chiara Steffanini..................................................................382

Cecilia Moran.........................................................................457

Chiara Amitrano...................................................................377

Cecília S. Rodrigues..............................................................131

Chiara Montagnani..............................................................97

Celia González López........................................................396

Chiara Richiardi............................................................. 76, 661

Celia Vaca-Benito.............................................................. 292

Chien-Hsing. Chen..............................................................773

Cen Guo.............................................................................. 191, 719

Chien-Ti Chao.......................................................................268

Celina Ben-Saadi................................................................494

Chien-Hsun Huang............................................................. 501

Centritto Mauro..................................................................... 193

Chie Tsutsumi........................................................................834

Cerri Martina............................................................................ 193

Chiharu Ota............................................................................. 327

César A. Arvelos...................................................................560

Chihchieh Yu..........................................................................478

César A. López Santiago................................................396

Chihiro Myotoishi.................................................................389

César Augusto Garcia........................................................70

Chih-Kai Yang............................................................. 773, 778

Cèsar Blanché........................................................................ 155

Chi-Hsuan Lu...........................................................................591

Cesaro Patrizia........................................................................ 118

Chimyang N...............................................................................33

César Morales-Molino.....................................................585

Chih Tao Hsu............................................................................ 119

C. Espinosa del Alba.............................................................74

Chiou-Rong Sheue................................................................ 27

Ceyda Yazici....................................................................114, 413

Chompunooch Thamanukornsri................. 567-568

C. Genaro Ramírez-Castro...........................................240

Chongbo Ma..............................................................................511

Chae Eun Lim...................................................... 183, 316, 728

Chonour Mahmoudi.......................................................... 279

Chandan Das..........................................................................156

Chris Thorogood...........................................................66, 351

Chandana Karumanchi.................................................454

Chris D. Thomas.................................................................. 664

Chang-Hung Chen............................................................246

Christian Brochmann............................................655, 765

Chang-Qiu Liu........................................................................516

Christian Kappel..................................................................240

Chang Shook Lee........................................................183, 316

Christian Kindler...................................................................596

Chang Young Lee..................................................................217

Christian Magné....................................................... 338, 578

Chan-Yi Ivy Lin.......................................................................246

Christian Parisod.................................................................604

Chao Xu.....................................................................................500

Christian Wittich....................................................................159

Chao Ye....................................................................................... 138

Christina Campbell................................................366, 667

Chaquira Romoleroux......................................................558

Christina L. Richards....................................... 101, 263, 337

Charles E. Zartman..................................................208, 348

Christina Stoycheva........................................................... 175

Charles H. Stirton................................................................. 437

Christine D. Bacon..............................................................789

Charles Luchagula..............................................................186

Christine E. Edwards..........................................................699

Charlotte Apsey...................................................................298

Christine Gaspin................................................................... 821

Charlotte Ely............................................................................699

Christine Martineau...........................................................364

Charlotte Phillips................................................................... 514

Christopher A. Sambolín-Pérez...... 121, 123, 192, 228

Charlotte M. Taylor............................................................. 372

Christine Römermann.....................................................304

Charlotte Seal............................................................... 45, 646

Christopher Blackwood.....................................................121

Chatchai Yothawut................................................ 567-568

Christopher Forminyam.................................................. 133

Chelsea D. Specht..............................................................525

Christopher Mudge...............................................................97

Cheng-Gen Qiang............................................................... 331

Christopher P. Krieg...........................................................525

Cheng Li........................................................................................90

Christopher T. Blum...........................................................348

Cheng-Wei Huang.............................................................206

Christopher T. Martine.....................................................647

Chengwei Wang................................................................... 241

Christopher W. Dick............................................................ 134

Chen Ren...................................................................................500

Chuanjie Wang...................................................................... 318

Chen Wang................................................................................29

Chuan Peng............................................................................478

Cherif Harrouni......................................................................798

Chukwuma H. Illoh..............................................................463

Cheyenne Davis...................................................................750

Chunghee Lee...............................................................183, 316

Chia-Chun Tung..................................................................246

Chunlin Chen.........................................................................328

Chia-En Huang.....................................................................246

Chun-Lin Huang...................................................................... 27

839

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Chun Su......................................................................................642

Courtney Miller......................................................................820

Ciprian C. Mânzu......................................................340, 655

Craig I Dent..............................................................................432

Cinti Eleonore.......................................................................... 193

Couturier-Stéphane R.A................................................ 664

Ciprian Valentin Mihali....................................................599

Craig Meyer.............................................................................469

Citlali Colín-Chávez.......................................................... 323

Cristian Andrés Britos Benítez......................................194

Claes Persson........................................................................789

Cristian Araya-Jaime......................................................284

Claire Harris............................................................................. 262

Cristiana Vieira...................................................................... 817

Clara Álvarez Muñiz...........................................................356

Cristiane Martins................................................................. 297

Clara de Vega............................................................ 287, 534

Cristian E. Rodas-Ensuncho.......................................... 167

Clara Espinosa del Alba........................................481, 747

Cristiano Soares..................................................................... 611

Clara Gracia Mas............................................. 158, 187, 273

Cristians-Niizawa S........................................................... 664

Clara I. Orozco.......................................................................647

Cristina Andrés Camacho........................251, 253, 629

Clara Katharina Vaz......................................................... 668

Cristina Benavente-Mena..................................383, 386

Clara López...............................................................................195

Cristina Branquinho........................................................... 817

Clara Martínez-Arias.........................................................595

Cristina Durà-Lahoz..........................................................339

Clara Pritsch............................................................................ 421

Cristina Gasperini....................................................... 112, 274

Clarisse Palma-Silva......................................................... 471

Cristina Gonnelli............................................ 455, 458, 589

Claude Lemmel..................................................................... 412

Cristina Grajera-Antolín.......................................164, 665

Claudia Ballesteros............................................................563

Cristina Marinho................................................................... 672

Claudia Barbieri Ferreira Mendonça.........................61

Cristina Moreno....................................................................552

Claudia Colesie.................................................................... 736

Cristina M. Pluguez-Medina.......................................... 192

Claudia Da Luz-Graña.....................................................352

Cristina Pérez-Carral........................................................520

Cláudia F. Barros.......................................................378, 808

Cristina Poyatos......................................................................89

Claudia García Hernández.............................................221

Cristina Puricelli..................................................................... 701

Claudia Giuliani...................................................157, 213, 219

Cristina Rodríguez-Otero...............................................794

Cláudia M. Furlan...................................................................32

Cristina Ronquillo................................................................ 397

Claudia Moreno Portillo.................................................. 207

Cristina Roquet................................................ 655, 677, 681

Claudia Ortega García....................................................745

Cristina San José.................................................................407

Cláudia P. Sudré...................................................................745

Cristina Valeriano Peñas................................................ 612

Claudia Reaño Jiménez.................................................. 134

Cristopher Fernández-Blas..........................................585

Claudio Brandoli................................................................... 812

Csaba Tölgyesi................................................. 99, 759-760

Claudio Palma-Rojas.......................................................284

Cuervo-Robayo A.P.......................................................... 664

Cleber J. N. Chaves............................................................. 471

Cui Li..............................................................................................772

Cleiton H. Silva........................................................................160

Cui Qianyuan......................................................................... 262

Cleiton Q. Bastos..................................................................528

Cynthia A. Sothers..............................................................568

Clement Bellot.......................................................................248

Cynthia F.P. Luz...........................................................634, 636

Clément Lafon Placette.......................................628, 788

Cyril Douthe............................................................................. 337

Clément Lemoine..................................................... 338, 578

Dace Kļaviņa..........................................................................706

Colby Kapp..............................................................................750
Colin M. Robinson................................................................ 372

D

Colin T. Kelleher....................................................................366

Colin Turnbull......................................................................... 770

Da-Eun Gu...................................................................................49

Concepción Ornosa..........................................................259

Daiana Maffessoni............................................................. 527

Dai-Kun Ma..............................................................................500

Conchita Alonso.............................................. 104, 106, 605

Dalay Y. Calvo-Díaz............................................................ 213

Consolata Siniscalco................................................ 76, 307

Dale Pelletier...........................................................................208

Constanza Martin-Vasquez......................................... 332

Dalia A. Ahemd.....................................................................542

Constanza Peña-Kairath................................................ 791

Dalia Grego-Valencia.......................................................196

Consuelo Hernández........................................................200

Dalila Trupiano......................................................52, 119, 632

Consuelo L.N. Andrade..................................................... 401

Damase P. Khasa................................................................330

Corbinian Graf........................................................................ 671

D’Amato Luca.........................................................................581

Corné van der Linden........................................................ 132

Dami Anak Jude...................................................................453

Costas A. Thanos..................................................................641

Damian Vaz de Sousa.....................................................574

840

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Damjan Mitić..........................................................................334

Danijela Nikolić...........................................................204, 804

Dana Elena Ilie.......................................................................599

Danilo Alvarenga Zavatin..............................................345

Dana Trunova......................................................................... 193

Danilo Minga..........................................................................758

Damon P. Little.......................................................................492

Dani J. G.....................................................................................656

Dana Krasnopoļska...........................................................706

Danilo A Zavatin.....................................................................713

Danica Vukotić......................................................................204

Danilo Niem Tandang......................................................557

Daniela Arrieta Flores..............................................104-105

Danilo N. Tandang...........................................126, 317, 506

Daniela Batovska................................................................. 175

Danilo Portela.........................................................................234

Daniela Ciccarelli................................................................394

Dan J. Blanchon...................................................................452

Daniela Clara Mihai.....................................559, 744, 750

Danni Wen.................................................................................610

Daniela C. Zappi....................................280, 296, 714, 822

Darielis Lezcano....................................................................588

Daniela Porras–Flórez....................................................... 128

Darin S. Penneys...........................................................715-716

Daniela Quintos Baez........................................................ 135

Dario La Montagna............................................................554

Daniela Saraí Canelón Barráez.................................. 218

Darío Martínez-Atienza...................................................494

Daniela S. Carneiro-Torres................................. 280, 491

Dario Ojeda Alayon............................................................798

Daniel Ballesteros.............................................170-171, 586

Darren Reidy...........................................................................366

Daniel C. Thomas................................................................506

Daryl B. Ceribo.............................................................. 44, 366

Daniele Buono.......................................................................636

David Alonso...........................................................................248

Daniele Calabrese....................................................322, 324

David Alors.......................................................................38, 740

Daniele Fantozzi...................................................................632

David A. Oropesa-Olmedo........................................... 273

Daniele M. da Silva.............................................................489

David Balderas-González............................................... 182

Daniel E. F. Barbosa............................................................348

David Balderas.......................................................................180

Daniele M. Silva......................................................................414

David Bell..................................................................................436

Daniele Torre........................................................................... 741

David Cortiço......................................................................... 734

Daniele R. Drischel..............................................................706

David Boho................................................................................159

Daniel F. Brunton.................................................................. 276

David Cossío-Felipe................................................ 215, 365

Daniel Fernández-Costas..................................795-796

David Criado-Ruiz...............................................................625

Daniel Gackowski................................................................. 102

David Doblas-Pruvost....................................................... 291

Daniel Gil-Villar.........................................................................18

Davide Botticelli....................................................................465

Daniel H. Chitwood.............................................................. 174

Davide Frizzera...................................................................... 322

Daniel Krstonošić..................................................................614

Davide Gerna............................................................................45

Danielle Maximo.....................................................................87

David E. Lara............................................................................748

Daniel L. Kelly..........................................................................667

Davide Nepote Valentin...................................................661

Daniel Meza Huamán.......................................................308

Davide Panzeri.......................................................................639

Daniel Montesinos............................................................... 751

Davide Pedrali....................................................................... 477

Daniel Papež........................................................................... 732

David Espinel..........................................................................558

Daniel Pareja-Bonilla........................................................604

David Fichtmüller................................................................ 723

Daniel Piñero.............................................................................177

David Field................................................................................ 275

Daniel Pinto-Carrasco.....................................................675

David F. R. P. Burslem........................................................555

Daniel Potter............................................................................ 621

David G. del Olmo............................................ 411, 552, 727

Daniel P. Silva......................................................................... 637

David Gibson...........................................................................591

Daniel Ramírez......................................................................578

David Guevara-Apaza....................................................296

Daniel Rodrigues Nunes.................................................786

David Hoyos........................................................................... 646

Daniel Rodríguez-Ginart................................................. 273

David J. Harris................................................................69, 522

Daniel Sánchez-Mata.................................. 412, 557, 777

David J. Paterson..................................................................772

Daniel S. Jones......................................................................679

David J. Weston....................................................................208

Daniel Spalink........................................................................525

David Long...............................................................................667

Daniel Vitales.................................................................67, 628

David López González......................................................588

Daniel Wblesther Perez...................................................386

David Marcos Vidal............................................................ 735

Daniel Zuleta...........................................................................348

David Martín.............................................................................148

Danijela Arsenov..................................................................575

David Monjas.........................................................................259

Danijela Mišić......................................................................... 227

David M. Williams................................................................ 723

841

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

David Pérez Prieto....................................................369, 495

Dev SA............................................................................................ 22David Pizarro...........................................................................462

Deyan Wang...........................................................................630

David Peris................................................................................ 791

Dexcem Pantinople............................................................ 282

David Poot-Herrera..............................................................371

Deyse Reis................................................................................390

David Powell............................................................................432

De-Yuan Hong.......................................................................500

David P. Padilla......................................................................550

Dezhu li.........................................................................................713

David Rodríguez de la Cruz................................733, 735

De-Zhu Li............................................................................ 191, 719

David Ruiz-Londoño.......................................................... 753

D. Fantozzi................................................................................. 726

David Sanín................................................................................711

Diaa Abd el-Moneim........................................................447

David S. Pescador.............................................89, 580, 818

Diana C. Gómez González.............................................588

David T. Holyoak...................................................................667

Diana Coral-Santacruz...................................................329

David W. Armitage.............................................................. 341

Diana G. Flores-Camargo..................................630, 709

David W. Taylor.....................................................................325

Diana López-Alvarez.........................................................328

Davi N. de Lemos................................................................ 466

Diana-Maria Mircea..........................................................599

Da-Yong Zhang...........................................................501, 737

Diana Zugasti-Hervás............................................... 63, 291

Davoud Torkamaneh........................................................ 319

Diana M. Arias........................................................................532

D. Cardoso................................................................................ 162

Diane Courtin.........................................................................423

D. Christine Cargill.................................................................115

Diego A. Gonzaga............................................................... 220

Debbie Muir............................................................................. 752

Diego Aguiar............................................................................ 102

Debora Coelho-Silva........................................................809

Diego Bogarín........................................................................299

Déborah Y.A.C. Santos.....................................................363

Diego Comparini.................................................................589

Deepthi Yakandawala...................................................... 715

Diego da Silva Graciano................................................833

Defossez E................................................................................ 664

Diego Demarco.................................................87, 290, 643

Deise J. P. Goncalves......................................................... 134

Diego F. Morales-Briones...............................................636

Dejan Orčić..............................................................................575

Diego F. Perez.......................................................................... 215

Dejonghe Quentin..................................................................113

Diego G. Gutiérrez...............................................................835

De-Kai. Kao...............................................................................773

Diego H. Hojsgaard....................................................196, 731

Delfini Carolina.....................................................................682

Diego Intringliolo................................................................... 751

Delia Aguilar-Ramos.........................................................109

Diego Martín-Resco............................................................ 143

Delia Fernández-González..............................................60

Diego M. Riaño-Pachón................................................... 471

del Prado A..............................................................................266

Diego Nieto-Lugilde............................................................ 291

Dena L. Grossenbacher................................................... 292

Diego Olmo..............................................................................549

Denis A. Krivenko.................................................................. 782

Diego Salariato.....................................................................657

Denilson F. Peralta................................................... 363, 667

Diego Rodríguez-Hernández..........................................115

Denis Bastianelli......................................................................88

Diego Sánchez Ganfornina..........................................675

Denis N. Carvalho................................................................489

Diego Sánchez Sánchez.................................................583

Denis Nunes de Carvalho............................................... 513

Diego S. Podadera..............................................................809

Dennis O. Escolastico........................................................208

Diego Suescún Carvajal.................................................408

Dennis Stevenson...............................................................576

Diego Tassinari.....................................................................559

De-Nova J.A........................................................................... 664

Diego T. de Souza............................................................... 466

Deren Eaton...................................................................435, 814

Diego Varga.............................................................................801

Derio Antonio Jiménez-López.....................................348

Dilini Wickramasinghe..................................................... 742

Derick B. Poindexter..............................................................86

Dikonketso Tlaamela...........................................................99

Deroin T......................................................................................439

Dimitri A. Veldkornet..........................................................342

Derraz Khalid............................................................................ 118

Dimitrios Tzanoudakis....................................................... 410

Desalegn Chala...................................................................655

Dimitris Koureas....................................................................772

Deschamps-Berger César........................................... 477

Dita Rahmadani......................................................................141

Desiderato Annoscia........................................................ 322

Dmitar Lakušić..................... 110, 360, 415, 510, 680, 747

Desislava Raykova............................................................. 229

Dmitry D. Sokoloff................................................................785

Desislava Mantovska...................................227, 229, 596

Dmitry A. German...................................................................39

Dessiré Sicilia.................................................................147, 150

Dmitry V. Geltman.............................................................. 370

Devin Dotson............................................................... 699, 775

Dodly Prosper.........................................................................799

842

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations
Edeline Gagnon....................................................................248

Doerte Harpke........................................................................189

Eder Chilquillo Torres......................................................... 512

Döll S.............................................................................................748

Eder Chiquillo.........................................................................399

Dolores Cuadra....................................................................356

Edgar A. L. Afonso................................................................ 720

Domenico Gargano........................................................... 707

Edgard Mestre............................................................369, 495

Domingo Sancho Knapik................................................165

Edgar J González..................................................................810

Domingos B.O.S. Cardoso..............................................280
Domingos Cardoso...........................................................439

Edgar López Herrerea.............................................. 135, 401

Dominika Dmitruk...............................................................448

Edilia de la Rosa-Manzano...........................................348

Edier Soto Medina...............................................................348

Dominic Wood..........................................................................90

Edilton V. de Oliveira-Neto............................................. 710

Donat Agosti...........................................................................764
Donatella Cogoni......................................................338, 707

Edlén Bonela............................................................................ 102

Donatella Magri....................................................................395

Edoardo Asquini................................................................... 322

Edmundo García Moya...................................................403

Donatella Fibbi......................................................................458

Edson Jacob Cristobal-Pérez.....................................597

Don Faber-Langendoen.................................................. 201

Eduard López-Guillen..........................................................67

Dong-Chan Son......................................................................96

Eduardo Amorim.................................................................390

Dongling Li.................................................................................. 611

Eduardo Ballesteros..................................................411, 552

Dongqing Yan........................................................................ 247
Dörte Harpke..........................................................................498

Eduardo Barrón.................................................619, 758, 791

Doudou Kong.........................................................................253

Eduardo de la Peña...........................................................269

Eduardo Cires................................................................. 167, 411

Douaa Bekkai.......................................................................... 741

Eduardo Fernández-Pascual..................481, 747, 759

Doug E. Soltis........................................................................... 134

Eduardo Moreno..................................................................259

Douglas E. Soltis................................................191, 660, 699

Eduardo M. Trajano............................................................ 770

Douglas Euston-Brown..................................................... 571

Eduardo Narbona.....................................................305, 519

Douglas Soltis........................................................................768

Eduardo P. Fernandez......................................................389

Doyle McKey...............................................................................86

D. Pusphavathi.........................................................................34

Eduardo T. Amorim............................................................389

Dragana Miladinović........................................................595

Eduardo Torres-Flores......................................................106

Dragoș Ș. Măntoiu...............................................................655

Edwin Carreño....................................................................... 375

Dr. Susan K. Pell..................................................................... 775

E. Fernández-Pascual..........................................................74

Eduardo Toledo de Amorim........................................ 668

Dragana Jenačković Gocić..............................204, 804

Eduardo Vicente.....................................................................54

Dragana Rančić........................................................ 324, 424

Edwin Imfumu........................................................................565

Dr. Kyra N. Krakos................................................................. 226

Efraín Freire.................................................................................67

D. Trupiano............................................................................... 726
Duane F. Lima.............................................................. 352, 706

Efstathios Apostolopoulos............................................. 541

Dubravka Milić..........................................................................69

Ehouarn Le Faou...................................................................254

Ehoarn Bidault.......................................................................524

Dubravka Hafner........................................................ 410, 413

Eita Shimokawa....................................................................320

Dubravka Sandev..................................................................52

E. Jacob Cristóbal-Pérez................................................606

Duilio Iamonico..................................................................... 763
Dulce Mantuano.......................................................207, 566

Ekaterina Kozuharova....................................................... 175

Dunja Karanović..................................................................595

Elaheh Tabasi............................................................................111

Ekaterina L. Kotina...............................................................494

Duncan D. Cameron........................................................... 66

Eleftheria Antaloudaki............................................399, 410

Durán M...................................................................................... 762

Eleinis Ávila-Lovera............................................................808

Durka W.............................................................................331, 748

Elena A. Marchuk.................................................................785

Dušanka Milojković Opsenica....................................678

Elena Bañares-España....................................................260

Dylan Stephens.....................................................................606

Elena Baraza............................................................................ 541

Dzirkstīte Gritāne..................................................................706

E

Elena Barni...............................................................................263

Ebije Inikpi................................................................................. 374

Elena Bermejo........................................................................552

Écio S. Diniz...............................................................................265

Elena E. Severova.................................................................785

Elena Benavente..................................................................624

Elena Copete.............................................................................94

E. Charles Nelson.................................................................349

Elena Estrelles................................................................47, 546

Ed Biffin...........................................................................................19843

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Elena Fouce Hernandez.....................................................45

Elvira Castillo-Almansa.......................................428, 655

Elena Kramer..........................................................................238

Elvira Hörandl.........................................................................504

Elena Granda.........................................................................585

Elvira Duran.............................................................................529

Elena Martínez García.......................................................164

Elvira Sahuquillo Balbuena..................... 325, 360, 627

Elena Quesada Chicharro............................................. 370

Ely Simone C. Gurgel..........................................................561

Elena Torres................................................................. 355-356

E. Maguilla................................................................................. 153

Elena V. Ptytsyna.................................................................. 370

Emanuele Pelella....................................................................98

Elena Zappa............................................................................ 707

Emanuelle Giordano......................................................... 323

Eleonora Manzo....................................................................835

Emanuel Ș. Baltag...............................................................655

Eleonore Cinti..........................................................................518

Ember Hidalgo Franco..................................................... 279

El Ghachtouli Naïma........................................................... 118

Emilia Ayala................................................................................78

Elez Krasniqi.................................................................... 151, 403

Emil Cienciala........................................................................665

Eliana de Lujan Exner........................................................ 373

Emilia Stasiak.........................................................................258

Eliane Conceição................................................................234

Emilio Cano................................................................. 540, 550

Eliane Kaltchuk-Santos.................................................... 192

Emilio Estrada-Ruiz............................................................. 617

Eli Hartung.................................................................................591

Emilio Laguna............................................................................94

Elisabete Dias......................................................................... 729

Emil Strøbech.......................................................................... 123

Elisabetta Bianchi...............................................................458

Emily Buerhle..........................................................................750

Elisabetta Sgarbi.................................................................. 812

Emily E.D. Coffey...................................................................535

Elisa Carrari..................................................................... 112, 274

Emily Moriarty Lemmon..................................................525

Elisa Giaccone.......................................................................263

Emily Warschefsky..............................................................560

Elisa Goytia Pasquín...........................................................164

Emine Akalın....................................................................80, 419

Elisa Román Gómez........................................................... 672

Emma C. Solano-Flórez.................................................... 118

Elisa T. Aires.................................................................. 527, 667

Emmanuel Bonifacio S. Timog................. 44, 173, 366

Elisa Seffin................................................................................. 322

Emmanouil Avramakis....................................................399

Elisa Tamudo Mínguez...................................................... 612

Emmanuele Farris...............................269, 274, 545, 707

Elisa Toini...................................................................................639

Emmanuel Méndez-García.........................................392

Eliška Havlíčková.................................................................. 571

Emma Siegfried.................................................................... 226

Elise Maria Keller................................................................... 157

Emma Ortúñez Rubio........................................................694

Eliška Kolářová....................................................................... 671

E. M. Moraes.............................................................................. 281

Eliška Záveská..............................................................572, 732

Empar Carrillo Ortuño......................................................760

Elizabete Carmo-Silva......................................................815

Emrah Şirin..................................................................................39

Elizabeth A. Kellogg....................................................191, 357

Emre Keskin.............................................................................359

Elizabeth Cochachin.........................................................399

E. Narbona................................................................................294

Elizabeth Davies...................................................................483

Encarnación Núñez-Olivera......................... 34, 73, 597

Elizabeth Hunter...................................................................820

Encarnación Rubio.........................................421, 534, 572

Elizabeth Joyce...................................................................... 718

Encarna Merlo..................................................... 108-109, 521

Elizabeth M. Joyce................................................................166

Endang C. Purba................................................................... 231

Elizabeth Sinclair..................................................................434

Enéas R. Konzen.................................................................... 770

Elizabeth White......................................................................768

Enric Barril....................................................................... 163, 756

Elizabeth Thomas................................................................699

Enoc Efer Jara Peña........................................................... 672

Elizaveta Mitrenina............................................................. 782

Enrico Cretazzo...................................................................... 105

Éllen S. Garcia........................................................................642

Enrique Andivia...........................................................273, 633

Ellen Weinheimer..................................................................186

Enrique de Gálvez Montañez...............................60, 472

Ellie Graves...............................................................................493

Enrique Hernández-Rodríguez...................................405

Elodie Baby.................................................................................88

Enrique Maguilla....................................................... 347, 629

Elodie Hidalgo......................................................................... 129

Enrique Mateos Naranjo................................................. 207

Eloisa Lasso.............................................................................642

Enrique Navarro....................................................................... 72

El Oualidi Jalal........................................................................561

Enrique Peñalver................................................................... 791

Else Demeulenaere..............................................................127

Enrique Rico.............................................................................675

Elsie Franklin Guimarães................................................445

Enrique Valencia-Gómez..............................................383

Elton J. de Lírio.......................53, 251, 345, 353, 423, 713

Enrique Zamora....................................................................205

844

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Enzo Lombi................................................................................772

Estrella Alfaro-Saiz.............................................................209

Erica Molnar............................................................................ 337

Estrella E. Paramo-Ortiz..................................................597

Erfan Akberjan.......................................................................... 77

Estrella Conde.......................................................................580

Érica O. Mello..........................................................................745

Estrella Saiz..............................................................................428

Eric Badel.................................................................................. 242

Estrella Urtubey.....................................................................420

Eric Hágsater Gartenberg.............................................. 512

Étienne Lacroix-Carignan.................................................91

Eric J. Fuchs.............................................................................606

Etienne Laliberté.......................................................................91

Eric J. Tepe...............................................................................647

Étienne Léveillé-Bourret......................................................91

Erick Torres-Niño....................................................................221

E. Torres.........................................................................................23

Eric Martiné............................................................................... 125

Etxeberria M.............................................................................496

Erico Carmona...................................................................... 278

Eudald Bach............................................................................538

Eric Schranz.............................................................................. 128

Eudes M. Stiehl-Alves......................................................... 192

Eric W. Fondzenyuy.............................................................. 133

Eugenia M. Sentíes-Aguilar..........................................597

Erika Aguirre Planter..........................................................799

Eugenia Nagodă..................................................................559

Erika Arroyo-Pérez..............................................................388

Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard.....................................75, 79, 669

Erika Bazzato...........................................................................269

Eunice Romero.......................................................................810

Erika Fernández.................................................................... 473

Eusebio López Nieto...........................................................545

Erik Andreasson..................................................................... 123

Eva Barreno.............................................................................326

Erika Pénzesné Kónya.......................................................206

Eva Dreyer................................................................................366

Erika Prado...............................................................................643

Eva E. Deinum.........................................................................294

Erika R. Moore-Pollard......................................................679

Eva García-Martínez............................................................47

Erik Simons................................................................................ 179

Eva Jiménez-Benavente....................................................18

Erik Smets........................................................................ 524, 613

Eva Kabaš................................................................................. 747

Erin Cullen.................................................................................259

Eva Martínez-Veiga................................................360, 803

Ermelinda Mahmutaj.........................................................198

Evandro de C. Melo.................................................. 219-220

Ermindo Barrientos............................................................ 278

Evandro M. Moraes.........................................280, 714, 822

Ernesto Pérez-Collazos....................................................328

Evandro M. Pianissola.......................................................569

Errol Véla......................................................................... 169, 547

Evandro N. Silva....................................................................280

Ertao Wang............................................................................... 120

Evandro P. Machado......................................................... 720

Erza Çoçaj.................................................................................587

Evan Eifler..................................................................................525

Espinosa-Organista D.N................................................ 664

Evangelia N. Daskalakou.................................................641

Esra Bayar...................................................................................26

Eva Pardo.............................................................325, 333, 627

Esra Mine Ünal.......................................................................359

Eva Pardo Otero.........................................................333, 627

Esser L. F.....................................................................................656

Eva Samblás-Vives............................................................585

Esteban Álvarez-Dávila...................................................475

Eva Troner.................................................................................462

Esteban Hernandez-Bermejo.....................................544

Eve J. Lucas..............................................................................354

Esteban Israel Moreira Rivas....................................... 743

Evelin Buitrago....................................................................... 323

Esteban Manrique...............................................................596

Evelin H..........................................................................................33

Esteban Salmerón Sánchez...................... 108-109, 521

Everett A. Abhainn...............................................................264

Estela Illa........................................................................... 72, 760

Ever López Grau.................................................................... 724

Esteban Ramírez........................................................ 412, 557

Evelyn Kustatscher..............................................................618

Estefany Goncalves.................................................. 96, 658

Ever J. López Grau............................................................... 226

Estela Illa Bachs....................................................................760

Everton D. C. da Silva........................................................353

Ester González De Andrés............................................... 612

Evgeny V. Mavrodiev................................................314, 723

Estela Sandoval-Zapotitla............................................240

Evgeny Mavrodiev..............................................................520

Ester Hernández-Correas.............................................. 387

Ewa A. Czyż.................................................................................90

Ester Sala................................................................................... 210

Ewelina Klichowska............................................................486

Esthela Rodríguez................................................................607

Eydi Yanina Guerrero-Medina.................................... 223

Esteve Llop............................................................................... 734

Ewout Crombez.....................................................................189

Esther Pajares........................................................................356

Eydi Yanina Guerrero Medina......................................819

Esther San José Carreras..............................................530

Eze N Hope................................................................................ 374

Estrada-Márquez A.S....................................................... 664

Ezequiel Antorán-Pilar........................................................117845

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

F

Felipe P. Ramos........................................................... 309, 321

Fabián A. Michelangeli..................................................... 714

Felipe Zapata.........................................................................790

Felipe S. Carevic........................................................278, 644

Fabiane Nepomuceno Costa..........................559, 623

Felix Forest...............................................474, 564, 697, 828

Fabián Martínez Hernández...................... 108-109, 521

Félix Forest................................................. 139, 260, 349, 481

Fabian Michelangeli............................................................717

Femi-Adepoju G. Abiola.................................................. 218

Fabien L. Condamine........................................................705

Fergan Karaer........................................................................697

Fabio Andrés Ávila.................................................... 174, 492

Ferhat Celep................................................................384, 697

Fabio Attorre...........................................................................554

Fernanda Bustos.................................................................. 473

Fábio C. S. Vieira...................................................................352

Fernanda Céspedes............................................................23

Fabio L. Olivares....................................................................580

Fernanda da C. G. Ferreira............................................ 207

Fábio Lopes Olivares.........................................................744

Fernanda Delgado..............................................................199

Fábio Pinheiro................................................... 340, 471, 484

Fernanda Fidalgo.................................................................. 611

Fábio R. Scarano..................................................................808

Fernanda Gallardo.............................................................205

Fabrício A. Carvalho..........................................................470

Fernanda Nunes Cabral...................................................721

Fabrício Alvim Carvalho.................................................470

Fernanda Rosa Moraes...................................................488

Fabrício M. Ferreira............................................................. 720

Fernanda Vieira da Costa............................................. 297

Fabrizia Milani.......................................................157, 213, 219

Fernanda Wimmer.............................................................390

Fabrizio Araniti.......................................................................588

Fernando Allende Álvarez.............................................. 761

Fabrizio Grassi.......................................................................639

Fernando Alzate-Guarin...................................................211

Fadil Millaku.................................................................... 151, 403

Fernando Alzate-Guarín...................................................56

Faiq Iqbal Majid.......................................................................141

Fernando Álzate Guarín..................................................408

Faiz Ahmad..............................................................................764

Fernando A. Peña-Cortés F..........................................605

Fang Qiong............................................................................... 128

Fernando A. Vélez-Esperilla......................................... 372

Fanni Petrona Ruiz Samudio........................................ 743

Fernando Della-Rosa........................................................ 471

Farid Bekdouche...................................................................169

Fernando F. Franco........................................280, 714, 822

Farkhondeh Rezanejad...................................................498

Fernando F. Vesely.................................................................81

Farshid Memariani........................................................107, 111

Fernando Montes Pita......................................................480

Fatiha Abdoun.......................................................................609

Fernando Ojeda...................................................................349

Fatih S. Beris............................................................................ 537

Fernando Sanz....................................................................... 341

Fatima Arif...................................................................................33

Fernando T. Maestre.......................................................... 103

Fátima Franco Múgica..................................................... 761

Fesenko Alexey N.................................................................330

Fatimoh O. Ademoh........................................................... 313

Fesenko Ivan N......................................................................330

Faustino Rubio.......................................................................584

F. F. Franco................................................................................. 281

Favio González......................................................................830

Filipe Torres-Leite....................................................................61

Favre A........................................................................................439

Filip Kolář........................................................................329, 628

Fay-Wei Li.................................................................................. 124

Finja A. Bohle........................................................................... 252

Fazal Ullah................................................................................ 767

Finn Kjellberg.............................................................................86

Federico Casimiro-Soriguer...................................75, 96

Fiona Corominas..........................................................65, 801

Federico Fabriani.................................................................697

Fiona J. White............................................................................78

Federico Fernández-González......................................59

Fiorella F. Mazine........................................................ 353, 512

Federico Roda-Fornaguera..........................................651

Fitiavana Rasaminirina....................................................185

Federico Selvi......................................................112, 274, 455

Fitim Kastrati...........................................................................587

Felipe Cardona...................................................................... 201

F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo....................................................58

Felipe Cruz-Suárez............................................................... 118

Flavia Bartoli............................................................................581

Felipe Dominguez Lozano..............................................482

Flavia Durgante.......................................................................89

Felipe Domínguez Lozano..............................................480

Flávia Fonseca Pezzini......................................................698

Felipe Espinoza De Janon.................................................67

Flávia F. Pezzini............................................... 444-445, 447

Felipe Gonzatti....................................................................... 527

Flávia M. Lanna.....................................................................280

Felipe Martínez García..........................................388, 535

Flavio Marzialetti.............................................................63, 97

Felipe Martínez-García.........................................383, 386

Flavio N. Ramos....................................................................348

Felipe Osorio............................................................................149

Flávio S. Souto........................................................................ 779

846

XX International
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Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Flora A. G. de Queiros.......................................................532

Francisco Ruiz-Ruano......................................................832

Florencia T. Mendoza........................................................420

Francis Q. Brearley..............................................................539

Flor de Fátima Rosas Cárdenas......................104-105

Francis J. Nge..........................................................................166

Florent Martos........................................................................302

Franco Chiarini.......................................................... 646-647

Florian A. Werner..................................................................348

François Gillet........................................................................547

Florian Jabbour..................................................................... 391

Frank R. Blattner..........................................................189, 498

Florian Wittmann....................................................................89

Frank Schubert....................................................................... 514

Florin Toma..............................................................................750

Frank-Thorsten Krell...........................................................777

F.L.R. Filardi................................................................................. 162

Frederic Guibal......................................................................609

Foggi Bruno..............................................................................416

Frederic Lens......................................................... 39, 613, 708

Forest Isbell.............................................................................. 733

Frédéric Médail...................................................................... 410

Forrest Freund......................................................................... 124

Frederik Berger......................................................................620

Fortunato Bitonto................................................................. 157

Frederik Märker........................................................................ 72

Fouad Msanda......................................................................798

Fredys Sánchez-Hoyos.....................................................221

F. Pax C. Blamey.....................................................................772

Freire Susana E......................................................................682

F.P. Lens.......................................................................................766

Freitas LB....................................................................................486

Francesc Adrover................................................................549

Friðgeir Grímsson................................................................834

Francesca Meloni................................................................543

Friederike Jantzen...............................................................240

Francesca Quattrocchio.................................................518

F. Sini.............................................................................................449

Francesca Scotti.................................................................. 222

Fu-Chiun Hsu..........................................................................591

Francesco Boscutti....................................................46, 322

Fuencisla Cáceres............................................................... 210

Francesco dal Grande.............................................43, 334

Fungyi Chow...........................................................................363

Francesco de Bello.................................................... 187, 273

Funmilola M. Ojo................................................................... 229

Francesco Maroso..............................................................538

F. Xavier Picó...........................................................................432

Francesco Nazzi................................................................... 322

F. Xavier Sans.........................................................................289

Francesco Porro......................................................................78

Francesco Spada................................................................395

G

Francesco Tarantino.........................................................383
Francine Seehaber Alvim..............................................348

Gábor Li......................................................................................760

Francisca Herrera-Molina.............................................544

Gábor Sramkó........................................................................ 136
Gabriela Amorós...................................................... 422, 526

Francisco Amich....................................................... 663, 767

Gabriela B. Berro...................................................................... 31

Francisco A.R. dos Santos.............................................. 782

Gabriela Castellanos Morales.................................... 279

Francisco A. Squeo.............................................................645

Gabriel A. Ferreira................................................................528

Francisco Balao Robles................................................... 207

Gabriela Goebel...................................................................706

Francisco Cuesta...................................................................78

Gabriela Hernández.......................................................... 232

Francisco Gasulla...............................................................326

Gabriela Márquez Labastida...........................243, 586

Francisco Gómez Prieto..................................................544

Gabriela M. Cardoso.........................................................706

Francisco I. Pugnaire.........................................................596

Gabriel Arellano...................................................................475

Francisco Javier Balvino-Olvera..............................597

Gabriela Riestra....................................................................745

Francisco Javier Font Castell.........................................93

Gabriel Arroyo-Cosultchi....................................396, 823

Francisco Javier Jiménez-López.................... 291, 303

Gabriela Speroni..................................................................352

Francisco J. Ocaña-Calahorro.................................. 272

Gabriel B. Silva.......................................................................490

Francisco J. Ordoñez Gasca.............................243, 586

Gabriel B. Taveira................................................................745

Francisco José Alves Lemos........................................744

Gabriel Cainelli.....................................................................394

Francisco J. Pérez García............................ 108-109, 521

Gabriele Casazza................................................................. 410

Francisco J. Valtueña Sánchez........................144, 545

Gabriele Petracchi..............................................................458

Francisco Lara....................... 35, 362, 411, 461, 533, 552

Gabriel Johnson........................................................703-704

Francisco Maldonado Vargas....................................288

Gabriel K. Ameka................................................................. 373

Francisco M. Azcárate......................................................396

Gabriella Pellino...................................................................589

Francisco Pando de la Hoz................................694, 709

Gabriella Sferra.....................................................................632

Francisco Perez-Alfocea....................................................18

Gabriella S. Scippa.............................................52, 119, 632

Francisco Rodríguez-Sánchez..........................453, 721

Gabriel Rua..............................................................................832

847

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Gabriel Rubio-Méndez...................................................... 182

Géromine Collobert...........................................................302

Gabriel Silva Santos........................................................... 251

Gheorghiță Angheluș Olenici......................................599

Gabriel R. Vedovello........................................................... 132

Géssica S. Santos................................................................438

Gabriel U. C. A. Santos......................................................808

Ghillean T. Prance...............................................................568

Gaëlle Vincent........................................................................ 126

Ghosh Dasgupta M............................................................... 22

Gaia Regini.................................................................. 455, 458

Giacomo Trotta............................................................46, 322

Gago J............................................................................................26

Giacomo Potente................................................................320

Gaku Kudo................................................................................833

Gianluca Iiriti............................................................................ 410

Galina V. Degtjareva.........................................................785

Gianluca Nicolella..................................................................97

Galvis R. Manuel........................................................ 220, 708

Gianluca Piovesan.............................................................383

Ganka Chaneva................................................................... 227

Gianmarco Tavilla.......................................................97, 707

Gamalero Elisa........................................................................ 118

Gianluigi Bacchetta........................................97, 543, 545

G. Anthony Verboom........................................................ 622

Gianmaria Bonari......................................................707, 759

Gao Chen................................................................................... 129

Gianniantonio Domina............................................. 97, 410

Gara Romero-Hernandez.................................................18

Gianni Bedini..........................................................................394

García Daniel...........................................................................271

Gideon Antwi.......................................................................... 237

García A.....................................................................................496

Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo....................................... 707

Gareth P. Hempson............................................................260

Giesta Maria O. Machado..................................348, 562

Garima Mishra...........................................................539, 555

Gilbert Charles......................................................................578

Garima Singh.........................................................................334

Gil Eshel......................................................................................576

Gary Krupnick.............................................................509, 597

Gil Heeyoung........................................................................... 831

G.A. Salam................................................................................449

Gimena Bustamante........................................................ 762

G.C. Ottino................................................................................. 162

Gina M. Robitaille.................................................................248

Geicilaine A. Basílio............................................................348

Gina P. Sierra-Reyes...........................................................651

Gelsomina Fico....................................................157, 213, 219

Giorgia Guardigli.................................................................589

GemmaDíaz-Martínez.....................................................339

Giovana Vadillo....................................................................399

Gemma L. C. Bramley.......................................................698

Giovanna Dante.................................................................... 157

Gencer Yaprak......................................................................359

Giovanna Pezzi......................................................................383

Geng-Xi Zhu............................................................................. 501

Giovanni B. Ferreiro-Lera......................... 427, 526, 632

Genise Somner.....................................................................642

Giovanni Bortolami............................................................. 613

Genís Puig-Surroca..................................................677, 681

Giovanni Breogán Ferreiro-Lera...............................355

Geoffrey Levin........................................................................694

Giovanni Giuliano................................................................650

Georges Kunstler.................................................................665

Giovanni G. Vendramin................................................... 332

Georg Gärtner........................................381, 387, 392, 407

Giovanni Spampinato.........................................................97

Georgia C. Eizenga.............................................................248

Giovanni Zecca.....................................................................639

Georgia Fassou....................................................................479

Gisela Hernández...................................................... 163, 756

Georgi Ivanov.........................................................................596

Gisela Sancho.......................................................................676

Geraldine A. Allen................................................................499

Giselda Durigan.................................................................. 466

Geraldine Murillo-Pérez..................................................826

Giselle B. de Araújo.............................................................508

Geraldo L.G. Soares............................................................305

Giulia Calderisi............................................................338, 707

Geraldo J. P. Ramos...........................................................489

Giudicelli GC...........................................................................486

Geraldo Wilson Fernandes...........................................606

Giulia Caneva............................................................... 130, 581

Gerald Parolly......................................................................... 701

Giulia Capotorti.................................................................... 763

Gerald T. Eduarte.................................................................478

Giulio Mangino......................................................................649

Gerardo A. Salazar Chávez........................................... 512

Giuseppa Genovese.......................................................... 741

Gerardo Garzón.................................................................... 226

Giuseppe Aprea...................................................................650

Gerardo Rodríguez-Tapia.............................................398

Giuseppe Brundu................................................ 63, 97, 383

Gergana Mihailova............................................................587

Giuseppe Polonini................................................................ 102

Gerardus Olsthoorn........................................................... 822

Giuseppe Fenu............................................................338, 707

Gerhard Zotz...................................................................36, 348

Giuseppe Trotta...................................................................652

Germain Waroquier............................................................ 410

G.J.L. Garnett............................................................................ 517

Germinal Rouhan.................................................................... 71

Gladys F. A. Melo-de-Pinna..........................................244

848

XX International
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Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Gláucia Crispim...................................................................390

Guilherme S. Grittz..............................................................562

Glaucia Silva.............................................................................712

Guillaume Besnard........................................ 172, 202, 520

Gláucia F. Crispim...............................................................389

Guilherme S. Modolo.........................................................809

Gleice K. C. M. Ferreira......................................................528

Guillaume Chomicki.......................................................... 129

Glenda Mendieta-Leiva..................................................348

Guillaume Echevarria........................................... 456-457

Gloria Barboza.......................................................................647

Guillaume Fried....................................................................836

Gloria D. González-Zuñiga............................................. 167

Guillermo Amo de Paz.....................................................462

Gloria I. Rojas.............................................................. 285-286

Guillermo Bañares-de Dios..........................................475

Glorialys Rivera-Otero..................................................... 228

Guillermo Caba....................................................................756

Gloria Martínez-Sagarra..................................... 475, 709

Guillermo Ceballos............................................................. 341

Gloria M. Coruzzi...................................................................576

Guillermo Díez........................................................................ 728

Gloria Rojas Villegas.........................................................406

Guillermo Guada....................................................................58

Gloria Villanueva......................................................248, 648

Guillermo Huerta-Ramos..............................................597

Glynis V. Cron......................................................................... 677

Guillermo Muñoz-Gómez.................................................59

Gnanasekar Swetha.......................................................... 831

Guillermo Ortiz....................................................................... 762

Golshan Zare......................................................177, 236, 468

Guillermo Santos...................................................... 285, 783

González L......................................................................266, 424

Guillermo Sicilia-Pasos..............................419, 550, 798

González-Toral....................................................................... 167

Guillermo Solís Sastre......................................................803

Gonzalo J. Marquez............................................................286

Guillermo Toro.......................................................................584

Gonzalo Monteoliva...........................................................595

Guimin Chen..........................................................................674

Gonzalo Nieto Feliner..............................................625, 777

Gül Ayyıldız.................................................................................177

Gonzalo Soriano-Sancha...................................... 73, 597

Gulnara T. Sitpayeva......................................................... 472

Gonzalo Nieto-Feliner......................................................629

Gulmira M. Kudabayeva.................................................556

Gor A. Gevorgyan................................................................265

Gundela Peschel................................................................... 123

Goran Anačkov........................................................................69

Gunjan Thakur........................................................................ 125

Gordana Andrejić.................................................... 204-205

Gunko Elizaveta M...............................................................330

Gordana Tomović...............................................................457

Gunta Čekstere....................................................................706

Goya Choi.................................................................................467

Gunta Evarte-Bundere....................................................706

G. Perversi.....................................................................448-449

Günter Neumann.................................................................. 119

Graeme Oatley.....................................................................434

Günter Theißen..................................................................... 257

Graziano Rossi................................................................... 51, 78

Guo-Feng Jiang................................................................... 573

Grazielle Sales Teodoro...................................................561

Guo Yu.........................................................................................459

Gregor Traun..........................................................................302

Gürçay Kıvanç Akyildiz........................................................26

Gregory J. Anderson.........................................................325

Gürkan Semiz............................................................................26Grênivel M. Costa..........................................280, 452, 489

Gustaf Granath.....................................................................208

Grigor Zehirov........................................................................ 227

Gustavo A. Ballen................................................................. 174

Grover CE..................................................................................786

Gustavo Carmona-Díaz.................................................. 813

Grzegorz Pacyna........................................................618, 620

Gustavo D. Franco..............................................................528

Grzegorz Tończyk.................................................................754

Gustavo Heiden........................................................ 536, 649

G. Sferra..................................................................................... 726

Gustavo H. Shimizu............................................................828

G.S. Scippa............................................................................... 726

Gustavo Martinelli...............................................................390

Guadalupe Munguía-Lino.............................................826

Gustavo P. Lorenzana.......................................................436

Guang-Fu Zhu........................................................................ 719

Gustavo Souza...........................................................438, 622

Guang-Ning Liu....................................................................500

Gwilym P. Lewis..........................................................634, 636

Gudrun Kadereit................................................636, 715, 718

Gudryan J. Baronio.............................................................249

H

Guido Roghi..............................................................................618

Hagai Shohat.........................................................................248

Guevara-Fefer P.................................................................. 664

Habib Ullah..............................................................................459

Guihua Jin.................................................................................. 191

Hagar T. Elhefnawi..............................................................447

Guilherme Antar...................................................................564

Haining Qin............................................................................... 138

Guilherme Roxo......................................................... 309, 729

Haiying Xiang..........................................................................616

Guilherme Salgado Grittz..............................................562

Hajime Ikeda.......................................................................... 267

849

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Hakkı Demirelma....................................................................39

Helena Duistermaat.......................................................... 726

Halipah Binti Bujang..........................................................453

Helena Hespanhol.................................................... 817, 824

Hamid Ejtehadi................................................................107, 111

Helen C. Wiesinger.............................................................382

Hammami Sofiene............................................................... 118

Hélène Ralimanana............................................................185

Halyna Yatsenko..................................................................434

Helena J. R. Einzmann.......................................................348

Hammadi Achour...............................................................598

Helene F. Bee........................................................................... 341

Hana Azuma...........................................................................582

Helen Winters..........................................................................591

Hana Režnarová...................................................................149

Helga Ochoterena................................................................177

Han-Chun Chien.................................................................. 501

Helios Sainz-Ollero.............................................................758

Handria J. A. da Costa......................................................561

Helmut E. Walter...................................................................462

Hang Sun................................................................ 166, 516, 518

Heloisa Alves de Lima....................................................... 251

Hannah J. Atkins..................................................................698

Heng-Chi Chen.....................................................................737

Hannah Branwood.............................................................533

Hema Somanathan...........................................................300

Hannah Tetreault.................................................................591

Henriette F. Morgenroth..................................................304

Hannah Wilson...................................................................... 276

Henri Michaud........................................................................ 410

Hanna Levchuk.....................................................................293

Henry Velásquez..................................................................588

Hanna Tuomisto..................................................................283

Hensen I............................................................................331, 748

Hans Hoenicka............................................................ 102, 590

Herlander Lima.....................................................................660

Hanno Schaefer...................................................................547

Heorhii Bondarenko...........................................................429

Hans ter Steege.................................................................... 726

Herminio Boira.......................................................................558

Hans Verbeeck......................................................................475

Hervé Gryta............................................................................. 202

Hao-Chun Hsu....................................................................... 126

Hervé Sauquet.................................................. 270, 437, 827

Haowen Cheng...................................................................... 318

Hester van Schalkwyk...................................................... 367

HaoZeng.................................................................................... 247

Hian Carlos Ferreira de Sousa........................................61

Harald Schneider................................................................284

Hidalgo O..................................................................................496

Harihar Jaishree Subrahmaniam............................432

Hidenori Sassa......................................................................256

Harith Farooq........................................................................ 666

Hidetoshi Nagamasu..........................................................82

Harley Quinto.......................................................................... 201

Higinio Moreno Resquín...................................................194

Harold Gómez-Estrada........................................... 214, 221

Higor Antonio-Domingues......................... 62, 100, 487,

Harold Suárez-Baron............................................. 753, 830

634, 636, 806

Haruka Ohashi.........................................................................137

Higor Antonio Domingues................................................78

Haworth Matthew................................................................. 193

Hilary S Callahan.................................................................528

Hasmita Fufal.........................................................................230

Hilana Hadlich..........................................................................89

Hayato Tokumoto.................................................................. 22

Hilda Dueñas........................................................................... 715

Hayri Duman...........................................................................384

Hilda Flores-Olvera..............................................................177

H. C. Lima.................................................................................... 162

Hilda R. Mosquera-Mosquera..................................... 307

H. Ding.........................................................................................449

Himmah Rustiami..................................................................511

Heather A. Viles.....................................................................824

Hirelys M. Montes-Jiménez..............................................121

Heba Bedair.................................................................345, 542

Hiroko Kurokawa....................................................................137

Héctor Elid Orduña-Eslava...........................................392

Hiromu Nakao........................................................................254

Hector J. Lazarte...................................................................648

Hironori Toyama....................................................................317

Héctor Miguel Guzmán-Vásquez............................. 730

Hiroshi Ikeda............................................................................ 154

Héctor Oberti........................................................................... 421

Hiroshi Noda............................................................................ 154

Hedwig Schwarzer.................................................... 341, 534

Hitomi Uemura.......................................................................615

Héctor Serrano.........................................................................48

Hiroyoshi Iwata..................................................................... 522

Heidi M. Meudt.............................................................. 160, 166

Hitoshi Watanabe.................................................... 254, 257

Heidy C. Caro Ayala..........................................................408

Holger Kreft........................................................348, 563, 768

Heidy M. Villalobos-Barrantes....................................462

HolgerThüs...............................................................................795

Heikham Evelin.........................................................................35

Hong Fu......................................................................................802

Heike-Vibrans L.................................................................... 664

Hong-Feng Chen................................................................. 637

Heiko Hentschel....................................................................659

Hongtao Li..................................................................................713

Heitor Lisboa da Fonseca..............................................353

Hong-Wun Chen................................................................... 126

850

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Hongying Chen...................................................................... 170

I. Irem Tatlı Çankaya.........................................................236

Houda Bandou......................................................................624Íker Muñoz................................................................................756

Hossein Rahmaninia....................................................107, 111

Ikechukwu J. Muohalu....................................................... 313

Hripsik Qosyan......................................................................343

Ikumi Dohzono....................................................................... 252

Hrusevar Dario......................................................................829

Ilana C. Oliveira.....................................................................489

H. Sheehan................................................................................ 517

Ilaria Colzi.......................................................... 455, 458, 589

Htay Aung.................................................................................566

İlayda Gülmez........................................................................788

Htun Thiri Naing....................................................................566

Ileana Herrera.................................................................. 67-68

Huaicheng Li...........................................................................823

Ilga Mercedes Porth..........................................................330

Huaxin Dai................................................................................593

Ilia J. Leitch................................................ 411, 436, 604, 799

Hugh W. Pritchard................................................................ 170

Iliana Pérez Espinosa.............................................243, 586

Hu G..............................................................................................786

Ilia Leitch.................................................................................... 573

Hugo A. Benítez.....................................................................284

Illia Korobov..............................................................................159

Hugo Riquelme Ortega...................................................803

Iluta Dauškane......................................................................706

Hugo Bonnaudet-Anest................................................. 262

Ilse Ruiz-Mercado...............................................................597

Hui Wang...................................................................................500

Ilze Kukāre................................................................................706

Huiyuan Liu............................................................................... 138

Imen Khemiri...........................................................................801

Huseyin Inceer............................................................ 537, 820

Imtinen Ben Haj Jilani........................................................801

Husnjak Malovec.................................................................829

Indradatta de Castro-Arrazola.................................304

Hye-Kyoung Moon..............................................................825

Inés Álvarez..............................................................................777

Hyeok Jae Choi..............................................................811, 831

Inês Cordeiro..........................................................................697

Hyeonji Moon.......................................................................... 722

Ines Fehrle................................................................................240

Hyeonseok Oh.................................................................48-49

Inés Gómez Ramos............................................................. 153

Hye Sook Jeon....................................................................... 728

Inés G. Viana...........................................................................603

Hyoung-Tak Im...................................................................... 154

Inés Herrero.............................................................................550

Hyuga Hirano............................................................................ 72

Inés Ibáñez...............................................................................549

Hyung-il Kim............................................................................ 140

Inés Rodríguez I........................................................................55

Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter.................................................300

I

Ingrid E. Jordon-Thaden....................................................40
Ingrid Turisová..................................................... 42, 124, 429

Iacopo Gentile.......................................................................248

Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda.........................................475

Ian A. Navarrete......................................................................317

Inita Svilāne.............................................................................706

Ian Ausa Navarrete............................................................557

Inka Kuusisto............................................................................. 73

Ian Hutton................................................................................. 770
Ian Sanders............................................................................. 770

Inmaculada Aguado........................................................585

Ian Turner................................................................................... 139

Inmaculada RodríguezTorres...................................... 105

Inmaculada Ferrando-Pardo........................................94

Ian T. Baldwin............................................................................90

Innes Clatworthy................................................................. 646

Iasmin L. C. Oliveira............................................................ 720

Inocencio E. Buot Jr............................................................. 351

Ida Katičić Bogdan..............................................................614

Ioana-Minodora Sîrbu.....................................................559

Iduna Arduini.................................................................. 97, 740

Ioanna Ivanova....................................................................596

Ieva Roze...................................................................................706

Ioannis Bazos.........................................................................479

Ignacio A. Lazagabaster............................................... 664

Ioannis Tsiripidis...................................................................479

Ignacio Fierro..........................................................................619

Iouri Motorin............................................................................. 821

Ignacio García-Amorena.......................................141-142

Irena Kaczmarska................................................................ 617

Ignacio H. Escapa...............................................................286

Irena M. Grześ......................................................................... 757

Ignacio José Melero Jiménez.....................................260

Ignacio Ramos.............................428, 481, 494, 660, 721

Irena Raca.....................................................................204, 804

Ignazio Camarda................................................................383

Irene Herrera...........................................................................520

Irene Cobo-Simón..............................................................578

Ignasi Bartomeus................................................................299

Irene Lafuente..............................................................728, 783

I. Gónzalez-Fernandez........................................................23

Irene Martínez-García......................................................435

Igor Poljak.................................................................................487

Irene Masa-Iranzo....................................................188, 500

Igor V. Kuzmin................................................................197, 315

Irene Sánchez-Gavilán......................................... 412, 557

Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz.............................................................39851

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Irene Solano Regadera.................................................. 664

Ivan N. Fesenko.....................................................................203

Irene Villa-Machío............69, 188, 481, 500, 625, 693

Ivan Radosavljević..................................................333-334

Irene Teixidor-Toneu.........................................................344

Iván Pérez-Lorenzo............................369, 425, 443, 495

Iris Dupčić Radić......................................................... 410, 413

Iván Rodríguez-Buján.......................................................360

Iris E. Peralta............................................................................647

Iván Soto........................................................................346, 756

Iris Montero Muñoz...................................... 236, 694-695

Ivars Kabucis..........................................................................706

Iryna Loginova......................................................................... 119

Ivo José Curcino Vieira....................................................744

Irshad A. Nawchoo.............................................................. 315

Ivica Ljubičić...................................................... 360, 417, 420

Isaac Corbacho-Cuello....................................... 442, 527

Ivonne N. Gomez..................................................................563

Isaac Garrido-Benavent................................................326

Izadora Kervin....................................................................... 669

Isaac Ojea-Jiménez..........................................................658

Isabela Pombo Geertsma.............................................. 132

J

Isabela Vieira............................................................................67

Isabel Bellot............................................................................. 473

Jabbour F..................................................................................439

Isabel C. Machado.............................................................296

Jacint Altimiras...................................................................... 210
Jacinthe Azevedo-Favory.............................................. 821

Isabel Domarco Sagra.............................. 583-584, 816

Jackeline V. Silva.................................................................309

Isabel Draper.................................... 35, 362, 461, 533, 817

Jack Sytsma............................................................................591

Isabella Bettarini...................................................... 455, 458

Jacob B. Landis.....................................................................525

Isabella Dillon............................................................................67

Jacqueline S. Mattos.......................................................... 471

Isabel Larridon..................................62, 167, 184-185, 629

Jadan Zorica..........................................................................829

Isabelle Clayton-Lucey...................................................434

Jadranka Luković................................................................595

Isabell Hensen.......................................................................304

Jadson B. Zampirollo...........................................................53

Isabel Marques.....................................................................629

Jaesung Lee............................................................................ 722

Isabel Martín García..........................................................803

Jagdish Dalavi........................................................................ 143

Isabel Martín-Girela..........................................................269

Jailson V. Aguilar.................................................................608

Isabel Sanmartín...................................................... 672, 693

Jailton J. Silva................................................................46, 582

Isabeu Cruz-Ríos.................................................................399

Jaime Boyano.......................................................................428

Isareyakorn Chantapram.............................................. 313

Jaime E. Frye........................................................................... 776

Isa L. de Morais.................................................100, 488, 806

Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo......................................................18

Isaura Rosas-Reinhold....................................................240

Jaime Fagúndez.......................................................349, 803

Isheng Jason Tsai...............................................................246

Jaime Güemes...................................................94, 109, 405

Isidor Grdović............................................................. 204-205

Jaime Madrigal-González...............................................117

Isidoro Colmenero Martín.............................................535

Jaime Peña.............................................................................475

Isidoro Gabriel Benitez Nuñez......................................194

Jaime Prohens...............................................248, 648-650

Isis Paglia..................................................................................606

Jaime Puértolas......................................................................76

Ismael Montero Fernández................................. 751-752

Jairo Patiño.............................................. 419, 547, 550, 798

Isolde van Riemsdijk..........................................................263

Jairo Robla....................................................................549, 755

Issakwisa Ngondya.............................................................186

Jaissa Obré................................................................... 163, 756

Issam TOUHAMI.....................................................................598

Jaiver García-Caballero...................................................96

Itay Mayrose...................................................................261, 310

Ja-Jung Ku.................................................................................49

Itziar Arnelas...........................................................................475

Jakob Bro-Jørgensen..................................................... 664

Iulian Gherghel......................................................................655

Jakub Sawicki.........................................................................149

Ivana Džaković...................................................................... 537

J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort..................................176, 419,

Ivana Kostić Kokić....................................................204, 804

547-548, 798

Ivana Rešetnik.................................................. 360, 417, 420

James A. R. Clugston........................................................534

Iván A. Valdespino................................................................. 27

James Byng....................................................................84, 524

Ivana Stevanoski.................................................................. 415

James B. Pease......................................................................186

Iván Cortés-Fernández........................ 64, 147, 150, 337

James Georges....................................................................432

Iván Darío García................................................................492

James J. Amuldoss............................................................. 831

Ivania B. de Oliveira...........................................................489

James Lendemer................................................................ 374

Ivanka Malincheva.............................................................596

James L. Luteyn..................................................................... 134

Ivan M. Danylyk.....................................................................708

James M. Ehrman................................................................ 617

852

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

James W. Horn......................................................................474

Javier López-Tirado............................................................ 291

Jamie A. Duberstein..........................................................206

Javier Martín-Carbajal....................................................550

James W. Satterlee............................................................248

Javier Marcos Walias.......................................................675

Jamille C. Silva..............................................................46, 582

Javier Martinez...........................................................369, 495

Jamine M. Rocha.................................................................579

Javier Martínez-Abaigar................................ 34, 73, 597

Jana Geržová.........................................................................504

Javier Morente-López................................547, 550, 798

Jana Kocourková................................................................ 734

Javier Pajares...........................................................................89

Jana Leong-Škorničková.................................... 572, 790

Javier Piña-Torres..............................................................382

Jana Wäldchen.......................................................... 159, 375

Javier Rosique-Gracia.......................................................211

Jana Rydlová.......................................................................... 124

Javier Puy.......................................................................104, 605

Jan Borgelt...............................................................................654

Javier Tardío...........................................................................356

Jan de Vries............................................................................635

Javier Tuero-Septién.........................................................419

Jane Grimwood....................................................................320

Javier Valverde......................................................................106

Janet C. Steven...................................................................... 612

Jayalath J.M.S.M................................................................... 537

J. Ángel Fernández.................................................... 101, 603

Jay F. Bolin.................................................................................. 66

Jan H. D. Wolf..........................................................................348

J. Cuscó-Borràs.....................................................................815

Janka Smatanová.................................................................42

Jean-Christophe Domec...............................................206

Janine D.O. Melo...................................................................354

J.D. Urdampilleta..................................................................651

Janković Smiljana..............................................................700

Jean-François Léger............................................... 410, 427

Jannah Czerlin A. Palomar...........................................456

Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán....................................................800

Jan Smyčka............................................................................ 267

Jeanne de Montaigne de Poncins..........................443

Jan Šťastný..............................................................................780

Jeanne Romero-Severson............................................264

Japareng Lulang.................................................................479

Jeannine Cavender-Bares............................................ 187

Jaqueline Santos........................................................ 581, 815

Jean-Yves Rasplus...............................................................86

Jaqueline S. Ley-Martínez......................................27, 736

Jeffrey L. Bennetzen............................................................. 191

Jared Meek...................................................................435, 528

Jeffrey P. Mancera............................................................... 716

Jarle W. Bjerke..........................................................................38

Jehova Lourenco....................................................................78

J.A. Reyes-Betancort...........................................................122

Jeff Rose....................................................................................697

Jaromír Kučera........................................................... 124, 626

Jelena Erdal.............................................................................359

Jarosław Proćków.......................................................82, 662

Jelena Jocković....................................................................595

J. Arroyo......................................................................................815

Jelica Novaković......................................................... 131, 680

Jasmina Dzurlic..................................................................... 517

Jelle Devalez............................................................................ 157

Jasmine Morgan...................................................................184

Jenna R. Miladin.................................................................... 612

Jason J. Ligon.........................................................................535

Jennifer A. Tate........................................................... 166, 452

Jassiel Raúl Núñez Rodríguez......................................818

Jennifer K. Rowntree..........................................................539

Jason Leung............................................................................435

Jennifer Clayton Brown....................................................... 21

Jaume Bastida......................................................................825

Jennifer Mersni.........................................................................88

Jaume Company................................................................584

Jennifer Morales-Barbero...................... 397, 659-660

Jaume Flexas......................................... 145, 205, 337, 584

Jennifer R. Ackerfield.................................................186, 281

Jaume Pellicer Moscardó...............443, 625, 672, 791

Jennifer R. Mandel..............................................................679

Jaume Prohens........................................................................18

Jennifer Rowntree....................................................623, 669

Javian Gallardo-Valdivia................27, 285-286, 349

Jen-Pan Huang.......................................................................28

Javier Amigo..........................................................................758

Jeny Davis.................................................................................158

Javier Canales..........................................................................18

Jeongwoo Seo.......................................................................430

Javier Dieguez-Uribeondo............................................ 376

Jeremy Schmutz....................................................... 208, 320

Javier Enrique Luna..............................................................212

Jer-Ming Hu.................................................119, 231, 301, 325

Javier Fabado............................................................... 94, 405

Jerônimo B. B. Sansevero.............................................. 378

Javier Ferreiro........................................................................538

Jerônimo Sansevero......................................................... 207

Javier Fuertes Aguilar..................... 308, 445, 672, 798

Jesamine J. Rikisahedew................................................. 181

Javier Gulías...........................................................................584

Jessabel B. Magtoltol........................................................366

Javier Jiménez......................................................................756

Jesse Gillis................................................................................248

Javier López Jurado.......................................................... 207

Jessica Clones......................................................................750853

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Jéssica D. S. Pinheiro..........................................................199

J.I. Márquez-Corro............................................................... 153

Jessica M. Prebble..............................................................540

Jiménez-Alfaro B.................................................................496

Jessica L. B. Tanajura...........................................................131

Jimena Mateo-Martín............................................ 494, 721

Jéssica N. C. Francisco....................................................698

Jim Leebens-Mack.............................................................320

Jessica Nelson........................................................................122

Jimmy M. Pincheira-Ulbrich.........................................605

Jessica Rene Hansdah.................................................... 722

Jing-Fang Guo......................................................................484

Jessica N. Viera Barreto..................................................676Jindřich Chrtek...................................................................... 732

Jéssica S. Lima......................................................................667

Jingtao Wu................................................................................772

Jessica Zanotti......................................................................382

Jingwen Bi................................................................................263

Jessie Jay.................................................................................434

Jing-Xia Liu....................................................................... 191, 719

Jessy P. Arista Bustamante........................................... 512

Jin-Hyub Paik.........................................................................499

Jesús Gutiérrez.....................................................................799

Jin’ya Nasu.................................................................................58

Jesús Izco.................................................................................758Jiří Kvaček.................................................................................834

Jesus Jamachi...................................................................... 473

Jiřina Josefiová..................................................................... 732

Jesús J. Camarero Martínez......................................... 612

Jiri Subrt..................................................................................... 736

Jesús J. Soriano..................................................................... 105

Jitka Klimešová..................................................................... 279

Jesús Muñoz..... 41-42, 292, 369, 475, 530, 600, 728

J. J. Camarero.......................................................................585

Jesús López-Angulo.................................................. 77, 580

Ji Yang........................................................................................263

Jesús Palá Paúl........................................................... 143, 828

J. José Uzal Dapena.............................................................58

Jesús Picazo Aragonés................................................... 207

J.-M. Hu.......................................................................................454

Jesús R. Aboal............................................................... 101, 603

J.M. Nelson................................................................................449

Jesús Riera...............................................................................405

Joachim Kopka.....................................................................240

Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada.....................................595

Joacim Kontny......................................................................566

Jesús Rojo....................................................................................56

Joana Cursach.......64, 338-339, 540, 542, 550, 812

J. Gordon Burleigh.....................................................127, 676

Joan Cuscó-Borràs.......................................................... 669

Jesús Sánchez-Martín.......................................... 442, 527

Joana Marques.......................................................... 817, 824

Jhenifer Reyes-Galvez.....................................................382

Joan Garcia-Porta.............................................................693

Jhong-He Yu...........................................................................246

Joanna Sikora.............................................................433, 524

Jia Ge............................................................................................ 129

Joan Pere Pascual-Díaz..............................67, 628, 658

Jiafu Tan....................................................................................582

Joanne L. Birch......................................................................452

Jia He...........................................................................................248

Joan Pons.................................................................................584

Jiale Zhao.................................................................................630

Joan Simon.............................................................................. 155

Jia-Ming Chang...................................................................590

Joan Vallès.....................................................................210, 222

Jianjun Jin................................................................................435João Farminhão...................................................................302

Jian-Li Zhao.............................................................................574

João Honrado........................................................................395

Jiangping Shu........................................................................ 138

João Bringel Jr.......................................................................678

Jian Liu........................................................................................534

João Gonçalves........................................................395, 824

Jianming Niu.......................................................................... 247

João Iganci..............................................................................536

Jianquan Liu................................................................328, 630

João Loureiro................................... 41, 290, 347, 572, 675

Jian-Wei Liu................................................................................ 27João Paulo S Souza............................................................364

Jian-Wu Li....................................................................................511

João P. C. Elias.......................................................................348

Jiaqing Li.................................................................................... 318

João P. Taranto..................................................................... 207

Jianyou Li................................................................................... 314

João P. S. Vieira..................................................................... 720

Jiayan Wang..........................................................................465João Rocha.................................................................. 663, 767

Jie Cai............................................................................................713

João R. Stehmann..............................................................647

Jie Gao........................................................................................484

Joaquim Santos.........................................................160, 346

Jihua Wu....................................................................................263

Joaquina Alban-Castillo................................................399

Jieyu Wang..............................................................................502

Joaquina A. Albán.............................................................. 237

Ji-Hyeon Jeon........................................................................ 176

Joaquín Calatayud...............................................................117

Jill E. Jankowski.....................................................................296

Joaquín Castelo-Schremmer.........................383, 386

Jill Preston................................................................................245

Joaquín Giménez de Azcárate..................................565

Ji-Long Li.................................................................................... 331

Joaquín Hortal..............................................................397, 817

854

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Joaquin Medina.......................................................................18

Jordi Martínez-Vilalta.......................................................809

Joaquín Moreno.................................................................... 103

Jordi Serramia Ruiz............................................................803

Joaquín Téllez.........................................................................148

Jordi Sevilla............................................................................. 332

Jochen Schongart.................................................................89

Jordyn Coutts........................................................................432

Joelcio Freitas................................. 53, 345, 353, 423, 713

Jorge Andrés Pérez Zabala........................................... 140

Joel Calvo.................................................................................558

Jorge A. Leiva-Sanabria....................................................121

Joesili C. P. Oliveira................................................... 406, 710

Jorge Anton D. Ordas.........................................................317

Joey Hernandez-Mena....................................................519

Jorge Avaria...........................................................................462

Johana Villagra.......................................................................38

Jorge Cortés-Flores...........................................................597

Johannes Wolff........................................................................45

Jorge García Fernández..................................................818

Johanna Balbuena-Torres.............................................212

Jorge E. Ríos-Cervera.........................................................371

John B. Pascarella................................................................ 761

Jorge González Le Barbier.............................................658

John D. Horner.........................................................................137

Jorge Gutiérrez...................................................................... 417

John Diaz...................................................................................589

Jorge L. Cabrera Melendez.............................................212

John D. Robinson.................................................................264

Jorge Lobo...............................................................................606

John Evans...............................................................................535

Jorge Lobo-Segura............................................................597

John F. Délano-Frier..........................................................594

Jorge L. Waechter..................................................................32

John G. Conran.........................................................................19

Jorge Miguel Isabel Rufo.............................70, 384, 442

John Hunter.............................................................................556

Jorge Prieto-Rubio.............................................................660

John G. Ewen..........................................................................342

Jorge Nieto Sotelo...................................................403, 799

John L. Godlee....................................................................... 522

Jorge Rey Medina...............................................................653

John Manning.........................................................................777

Jorge Romero-Morte............................................... 56, 365

John M. A. Wojahn................................................................166

Jorge Sánchez-Hoyos............................................. 214, 221

John Park..................................................................................492

Jorge V. Crisci.........................................................................777

John P.Carr..............................................................................582

Joris A.M. Bertrand.............................................................. 793

John R.I. Wood....................................................................... 672

J. Orlando Rangel-Ch......................................................576

John R. Pannell.........................................24, 254-255, 431

Jose A. Guerra........................................................................ 215

John R Tipton..........................................................................264

José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente.................................. 273

John S. Donaldson..............................................................534

José Alejandro Zavala-Hurtado...............................675

John Vogel...............................................................................328

Josean F. Tavares............................................................... 779

Jonas Castro..........................................................................764

José Ángel Lechuga Corchado....................................48

Jonas Fridman......................................................................665

José Ángel Morales-Sánchez.....................................364

Jonas Hüther...........................................................................159

José Antonio Adame........................................................520

Jonas Remigijus Naujalis..................................................25

José Antonio Cabezas.....................................................578

Jonathan Barz.......................................................................660

José Antonio Mancha......................................................578

Jonathan Maldonado.........................................................34

José Antonio Sánchez-García................................... 730

Jonathan Mitchley................................................... 357, 530

José Aparici.............................................................................546

Jonathan O. Adinde...........................................................640

José Araújo Díaz de Terán............................................480

Jonay Cubas..........................................................................653

José A. Sustache..................................................................800

Jon Marín................................................................................... 210

José Augusto de Andrade Souto Maior....345, 423

Jon Paul Rodriguez.............................................................342

José Blanco-Salas..............................442, 527, 751-752

Jon Shaw...................................................................................208

Jose B. Lanuza.......................................................................304

Joost J.B. Keurentjes........................................................... 613

José Carlos del Valle......................................................... 291

Jordan Wilson-Morrison....................................................90

José Carrión............................................................................526

Jordi Abad................................................................................409

José C. del Valle...................................................................305

Jordi Bartolomé..................................................................... 541

José Danizete B. Miranda..............................................256

Jordi Bou............................................................................65, 801

José D. Édquen Oblitas..................................................... 512

Jordi Fàbregas................................................. 163, 346, 756

José de la Torre.......................................................................55

Jordi López-Pujol... 66-67, 247, 339, 369, 495, 564,
628, 658, 669, 753

José Elvino Nascimento-Jr...........................................290

José Erick Ortega-Valencia..................................27, 736

Jordi López Pujol......................................................................68

Josefa López Martínez............................................144, 545

Jordi Margalef-Marrase.................................................660

José Fermoso Domínguez............................................530855

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

José Fernando Andrade Baumgratz.....................484

Josep M. Ninot Sugrañes....................................... 75, 760

José F. Pastore.......................................................................564

José R. Grande A..........................................................195, 721

José Floriano Barea Pastore........................................474

José Raynal.............................................................................234

José Hugo C. Ribeiro.........................................................470

Jose R. Grande-Allende..................................................269

José I. García Plazaola.....................................................586

José R. Obeso Suárez.......................................................476

José Ignacio García-Plazaola.......................................24

José R. Pirani...........................................................................447

Jose Ignacio Márquez-Corro....................................... 167

José R. R. Pinto........................................................................199

José Ignacio Márquez-Corro..............................411, 799

José Sánchez Sánchez.................................................... 735

José I. Márquez-Corro.....................................................436

José S. Carrión...................................................................... 422

José I.M. Melo.......................................................................... 178

José Silonardo Pereira de Oliveira..........................488

José Javier Peguero Pina...............................................165

José Valentín Roces-Díaz..............................................759

José Joaquín Ché............................................................... 222

Jose Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra................................. 376

José Joaquín Varela.........................................................492

José V. Roces-Díaz.............................................................658

José J. Virgen-Ortiz............................................................ 323

Josh Felton...............................................................................750

José L. Blanco-Pastor........................................................ 105

Joshua A. Zimmerman.......................................................20

Jose L. Canón-Prieto.......................................................... 170

Joshua Borràs....................................64, 92, 540-541, 812

José L. Canovas-Rubio.....................................................109

Joukje Buiteveld......................................................................47

José L. Pérez-Bote...............................................................545

Jouko Rikkinen.............................................................327, 587

Jose Luis Blanco-Pastor.................................................534

Joyce Van Eck........................................................................248

Jose L. Quero..........................................................................544

Joyce G. Onyenedum.......................................................642

José Luis Izquierdo Moreno..........................................388

Joydeep Mukherjee........................................................... 376

Jose Luis Vilas...........................................................................24

Jozef Lacek.............................................................................. 227

José Luna..................................................................................649

Juan A. Calleja..............................411, 461, 552, 655, 798

Jose Luis Moreno..................................................................148

Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu................................................446

José Luis Villar García............................................164, 409

J. Peter Quakenbush.......................................................... 715

José Manuel Laza...................................................................24

Juan Acosta............................................................................657

José Manuel Segura.........................................................520

Juan A. Cruz-Rodríguez..................................................385

Jose Mª Postigo-Mijarra..........................................141-142

Juan A. Delgado............................................................ 63, 291

José Mª Postigo-Mijarra...................383, 386, 619, 791

Juan A. Devesa.....................................................................475

José María Cardiel...................................... 236, 694-695

Juan A. Jiménez...................................................................670

José María Fernandez Palacios....................................41

Juana María González-Mancebo............................653

Jose María Gabriel y Galán............................................127

Juan A. Negrón-Berríos................................ 123, 192, 228

José María Cardiel Sanz.................................................236

Juan Alández..........................................................................148

José María Fernández-Palacios...............................547

Juan Andrés Oria-Rueda...............................................230

José María Gómez............................................................... 431

Juan Antonio Calleja Alarcón............... 494, 533, 677

José María Postigo-Mijarra..........................................758

Juan Antonio Campos.................................................... 753

Jose Maria Sanchez........................................................... 157

Juan Antonio Martín..........................................................595

José M Blanco-Moreno...................................................289

Juan Arroyo..........................167, 202, 251, 253, 290, 629

José M. Bonifacino.....................................................177, 676

Juan C. Angulo....................................................................... 714

José M. Herranz........................................................................94

Juan Carlos Alías Gallego................................... 751-752

José M. Iriondo.......................................................... 355-356

Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz.... 428, 480-481, 660, 777

José Miguel Valderrama................................................394

Juan Carlos Copete........................................................... 201

José M. Karam-Pacheco.................................................371

Juan Carlos Villarreal Aguilar..................181, 208, 330

José M. Pizarro.......................................................................365

Juan Carlos Zamora.........................................................786

José M. Rodríguez-Domínguez.................................. 272

Juan C. Veláquez................................................................552

José N. Mesquita-Neto....................................................306

Juan D. González.................................................................748

Jose Oteros................................................................................57

Juan E. Carvajal....................................................................748

Joseph Charboneau..........................................................186

Juan F. Alzate.........................................................................830

José P. de Lemos Filho.....................................................483

Juan F. Aguiar......................................................................... 105

Joseph Morton...................................................................... 573

Juan F. Mota Poveda..................................... 108-109, 521

Joseph Rosenbluh..............................................................432

Juan Guerra.................................................................. 148, 670

José P. Lemos-Filho...........................................................485

Juan Ignacio García-Viñas..........................................657

856

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Juan I. Moreira-Hernández...........................................794

Julien Barrere.........................................................................665

Juan J. Gutiérrez-González..........................................585

Juliene Maciel-Silva...........................................................184

Juan I. Reyes...........................................................................609

Julien B. Bachelier.......................................................83, 823

Juan José García-Alvarado........................................653

Julieth Alexandra Chacón Paja.................................. 631

Juan Lorite................................................................................369

Julio Álvarez-Jiménez......................................................625

Juan Manuel Jiménez-Arenas........................ 422, 526

Julio Camarero.....................................................................609

Juan Manuel Martínez Labarga...................... 107, 480

Julio Peñas de Giles............................................................108

Juan Manuel Vega.............................................................624

Julio Sáez-Vásquez............................................................ 821

Juan M. Chaparro...............................................................520

Julio Torres...............................................................................399

Juan M. Goyenetche..........................................................418

Julissa Roncal........................................................................567

Juan Nicolai.............................................................................160

Julita Kluša...............................................................................706

Juan Núñez-Farfán............................................................ 323

Junbo Yang...............................................................................713

Juan Ochando........................................................... 422, 526

Junel Blaise..............................................................................799

Juan Pablo Marczuk-Rojas........................................... 739

Jung A Kim............................................................................... 728

Juan Pablo Narvaez Gomez........................................434

Jun-Ho Song...........................................................................467

Juan Pedro Ferrio Díaz......................................................165

Jun Hyung Lee.......................................................................208

Juan Piñeiro............................................................................595

Juntria Ramadhani Khasanah.....................................141

Juan P. Martín-Clemente..............................................386

Jun Wen............................................................... 637, 703-704

Juan Reyes-Valentin.............................................349, 662

Jun Wu........................................................................................500

Juan Rita.......................................................................... 64, 549

JunYang........................................................................................29

Juan Rodrigo A. Vera Cruz...................................173, 366

Jun Yang....................................................................................616

Juan Sobrino-Plata............................................................595

Junyi Ding.................................................................................785

Juan S. Schneider................................................................196

Jurga Motiejūnaitė.............................................................. 531

Juan Urdampilleta............................................................. 787

Jürgen Homeier....................................................................475

Juan Viruel......................................410, 421, 572, 799-800

Jürg Schönenberger........................ 302, 827, 833-834

Juçara Bordin......................................................32, 527, 667

Justen B. Whittall.......................................................305, 519

Judita Zozomová-Lihová...................42, 100, 537, 627

Justin Borevitz...........................................................................20

Judit Català............................................................................. 210

Justin K Williams...................................................................277

Judith E. Mank........................................................................504

Justus Müller-Kiefer...........................................................835

Juergen Kolb.............................................................................45

Justyna Polit............................................................................755

Jui-Tse Chang............................................................. 180, 268

Justyna Ryniewicz...............................................................258

Julen Astigarraga.....................................................164, 665

Justyna Wiland-Szymańska............................346, 433

Jules Segrestin..............................................................158, 187
Julia Chacón-Labella........................................................818

K

Julia Gabriele Dani.............................................................250
Julia G. de Aledo........................................................ 494, 721

Kaio V. A. Vidal............................................................569, 720

Julia Gerasimova................................................................587

Kai Wang.................................................................................... 193
Kai Xia........................................................................................... 193

Julia Kemppinen..................................................................... 37

Kaliana Ferreira.................................................................... 770

Julia Meirelles...............................................................488, 717

Kamal H. Shaltout................................................................345

Julia M. N. Bidoia...................................................................160

Kamal Humagain................................................................606

Juliana Cardona-Duque..................................................28

Kamil Konowalik...................................................................662

Juliana Gastaldello Rando..................... 263, 505, 774

Kanako Sekimoto................................................................335

Juliana Monteiro................................................................... 817

Kana Suzuki.............................................................................. 791

Juliana O. Rego.....................................................................306

Kanghyup Lee......................................................................... 316

Julian Herting......................................................................... 827

Kanokporn Triwitayakorn................................... 567-568

Julian Ingelfinger................................................................. 252

Kaori Chimura....................................................................... 257

Julián Mostacero Giannangeli.................................... 218

Kaoru Kitajima..........................................................................68

Julián Tijerín-Triviño..........................................................585

Kaoru Niiyama.........................................................................137

Julia R. da Costa..................................................................508

Kaoru Yamamoto...............................................................834

Julia Sanchéz-Vila..............................................................340

Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta............................................. 821

Júlia S. Siqueira.....................................................................444

Karel Mena...............................................................................740

Juli Caujapé-Castells......................................................798

Karel Sutorý.............................................................................. 179

857

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Karen de Toni..........................................................................816

Kazuhiko Nishitani............................................................... 242

Karen K. Huruntz...................................................................265

Kazuho Isono............................................................... 254, 257

Karen D. Pérez-Arroyo......................................................597

Kazuhiro Muraoka................................................................. 116

Karen Lúcia Gama De Toni...........................................484

Kazuki Okamoto...................................................................... 22

Karen V. Trejo-Yudiche......................................................371

Kazumi Fujikawa.................................................................. 677

Karen Wilson............................................................................ 152

Kazuya Horibe...........................................................................33

Karen Y. Ruiz Mondragón...............................................799

Kazuya Iizuka.............................................................................58

Karen Y. S. Contento..........................................................406

Keisuke Nonaka.................................................................... 522

Karim Abdul............................................................................. 218

Kelly Antunes..........................................................................470

Karina Ferreira-Santos....................................................265

Kelly T. Bocanegra-González....................................... 167

Karina Gonçalves-Gaspar............................................633

Kelsey Bonini........................................................................... 337

Karinne S. Valdemarin.....................................................353

Kendry Hernández–Herrera.......................................... 128

Karin Tremetsberger.........................................................623

Ken-ichi Kubo............................................................. 254, 257

Karl Duffy................................................................................... 307

Kenji Suetsugu............................................................ 303, 833

Karl Hammer........................................................................... 401

Ken Keefover-Ring..............................................................630

Karl J. Duffy.................................................................... 194, 552

Kenneth C. Oberlander....................................................574

Karol D. Dueñas-F...............................................................642

Kenneth J. Wurdack...........................................................697

Karolina Wleklik......................................................................615

Kennet Lundin........................................................................ 723

Kasper P. Hendriks......................................................39, 708

Kenta Shirasawa..................................................................254

Kata Frei................................................................. 99, 759-760

Keo Corak.................................................................................507

Katarína Mišíková................................................................. 671

Keolebogile SCM Motaung........................................... 232

Katarína Skokanová................................................... 42, 100

Ke-Ping Ma..............................................................................653

Katarina Valjak Nikolina..................................................829

Keren Halabi............................................................................ 310

Katarzyna Nuc........................................................................615

Kerry A. Brown........................................................................404

Katarzyna Roguz.........................................................258, 312

Kerry Ford................................................................................... 152

Katarzyna Sanek.....................................................................53

Kerry K. Knudsen.................................................................. 734

Kate Good................................................................................386

Kerry Swartwood..................................................................248

Kate R. Goodrich.....................................................................85

Kerstin Nagel..........................................................................595

Katerina Bačeva Andonovska....................................456

Keshab RajRajbhandari................................................... 154

Katharina B. Budde............................................................ 332

Kevin Karbstein......................................................................159

Katharine M. Saunders..................................................... 341

Kevin Panchana......................................................................67Kateřina Trumhová............................................................780

Kester Bull-Hereñu................................................... 415, 422

Katharine M. Jenike............................................................248

Kevin Newsham.................................................................... 736

Katherine E. Ransone......................................................... 612

Kevin Sartori............................................................................240

Kathleen M. Kay.................................................................... 292

Kevin Simonin........................................................................ 573

Kathryn. E. Barry.................................................................... 733

Kevin Walker...........................................................................350

Katia Cezón.............................................................................709

Keyssa Laidi..............................................................................169

Kátia L. M. Brito.......................................................................489

Khalid Aldhuwaib................................................................409

Kátia Valevski Sales Fernandes................................744

Khalil Boughalmi..................................................................676

Katia Diadema....................................................................... 410

Khadijeh Riahi Rad.............................................................392

Katia Treviño-Cuellar....................................................... 276

Khalid Fahd Draissi.............................................................803

Katie Conrad................................................................305, 519

Killian Auzende......................................................................338

Katija Dolina...............................................................................65

Kimberlie McCue..................................................................158

Katja Rembold........................................................................ 162

Kimberly Rizzo...........................................................................67

Katsuhiro Yoneoka.....................................................30, 553

Kiril Mishev................................................................................ 227

Katsuyuki T. Yamato..........................................................320

Kiyotaka Hori..............................................................................30

Katsushi Yamaguchi.........................................................320

Kittayout Pollakhan............................................................ 729

Katya Georgieva..................................................................587

Klaus Mummenhoff..............................................................39

Katya Romoleroux......................................................67, 558

Klaus von Schwartzenberg................................ 780, 784

Kavi K. Oza.......................................................................230, 710

Kleber R. de S. Santos.......................................................489

Kayna Agostini......................................................................295

Klusch M. Celeste................................................................682

Kay Van Damme.................................................................554

K Magwede.............................................................................. 270

858

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Koen J. F. Verhoeven.......................................................... 261

Kyong-Sook Chung.........................................154, 183, 316

Koichi Fujimoto............................................................. 116, 634
Koichiro Ushijima.................................................................256

L

Koji Takayama........................................................... 200, 372

Ladislav Hodač..................................................................... 375

Koh Nakamura......................................................................... 72

Kyung-Hun Son..................................................................... 140

Koichi Uehara.............................................................. 254, 257

Labidi Sonia............................................................................... 118

Koji Yonekura............................................................................317

Laetitia Carrive...........................................................300, 633

Komiljon Sh. Tojibaev........................................................499

Lafon-Placette Clément.................................................254

Konrad Celiński..........................................................433, 524

Laís A. Bezerra........................................................................580

Konrad Kaczmarek................................................................53

Lalatiana Randriamiharisoa......................................... 391

Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis...................................479

Lala Z. Isgandarova........................................................... 702

Kor-Jent van Dijk.....................................................................19

Lamarck Rocha......................................................................414

Kota Ikebe.................................................................................256

Lana L. B. dos Santos............................................................131

Kotaro T. Takahashi............................................................ 154

Lana Zorić.................................................................................595

K.P. Rajesh....................................................................................114

Landi Feng................................................................................328

Krasimir Rusanov..................................................... 227, 596

Lantotiana Randriamanana......................................... 391

Krassimira Uzunova............................................................ 515

Lara Kösters................................................................... 159, 375

K. Ravikumar............................................................................ 318

Lara M. Monteiro...................................................................389

Krešimir Križanović..................................................333-334

Lara Pereira.............................................................................358

Krishnan Sellappan................................................................81

Lara Reale..................................................................................518

Krista Grabski..........................................................................109

Larissa A. do O. Santos....................................................489

Kristel van Zuijlen......................................................654, 833

Larissa de O. Leite...............................................................295

Kristian R. Ivanov...................................381, 387, 392, 407

Larissa M. Resende.............................................................745

Kristian Hassel...................................................................... 669

Larissa De Paola.................................................................... 701

Kristiina Mark..........................................................................364

Larry R. Noblick......................................................................769

Kristina Ćurčija.........................................................................65

Lars Chatrou...........................................................................366

Kristina Dewi...........................................................................479

Lars Götzenberger............................................................... 187

Kristina Hellinghausen........................................................97

Lars Hedenas..........................................................................363

Kristína Pulišová.................................................................... 100

Lars Opgenoorth................................................................... 125

Kristine Joyce O. Quiñones......................... 44, 173, 366

Lars W. Chatrou............................................................85, 828

Kristin Saltonstall................................................................... 181

Lartey Olivia Naadu........................................................... 375

Kristýna Hošková.................................................................766

Laura Amadeo.........................................................................78

Kristýna Šemberová........................................................... 571

Laura A. Randarevitch......................................................652

Krunoslav Sever.....................................................................614

Laura Azandi...........................................................................302

Ksenia N. Kuznetsova........................................................494

Laura Boggess....................................................................... 374

Ksenija Jakovljević......................................... 110, 456-457

Laura Bortolotti....................................................................... 157

K. Sychta....................................................................................600

Laura Carrillo..............................................................................18

K T Chandramohanan...................................................... 130

Laura Cifuentes.......................................................................78

Kuddisi Ertuğrul.............................................................39, 678

Laura C. Leal.................................................................... 274, 311

Kulraj S. Kapoor...................................................................... 125

Laura E. Rose...........................................................................652

Kumar Ajay.................................................................................87

Laura Escarmena................................................................... 72

Kumiko Kihara.................................................................. 17, 175

Laura Fernández................................................................... 341

Kunli Xiang............................................................................... 782

Laura Gavioli................................................................369, 495

Kuo-Fang Chung....................................................... 126, 506

Laura Grīnberga...................................................................706

Kyeonghee Kim.....................................................................467

Laura Hernández Mateo.................................................480

Kyle A. Keefer.......................................................................... 337

Laura Kragh Frederiksen................................................283

Kyle Dexter................................................................................ 276

Laura L. Forrest......................................................................436

Kyle G. Dexter.......................................................................... 522

Laura López-Vich.................................................................. 150

Kyle Keefer................................................................................263

Laura Martín-Torrijos.........................................................777

Kyle Macleod.......................................................................... 770

Laura Matas-Granados..................................................494

Kyle Nessen.............................................................................606

Laura Mena..............................................................................658

Kyle W. Tomlinson.......................................... 139, 260, 484

Laura Méndez......................................................................... 103

859

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Laura Monforte.............................................................. 73, 597

Leonardo Osvaldo Alvarado-Cárdenas.....135, 617

Laura Monteagudo.............................................................148

Leonardo Pérez de Souza......................................... 34, 73

Laura Ortiz................................................................................602

Leonie Moyle...........................................................................264

Laura Nogales Gómez........................................... 751-752

Leonardo Rosati................................................................... 274

Laura Piccoli............................................................................578

Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos................................ 214, 221

Laura P. Lagomarsino........................................................188

Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato...............198, 604

Laura Schat.............................................................................. 361

Leopoldo G. Sancho..........................................................796

Laura Rose.......................................................................396, 731

Léo-Paul M. J. Dagallier..........................................705, 714

Laura Tartilán García........................................................480

Leopoldo Medina Domingo...............................370, 694

Laura Tilley............................................................................... 723

Lerma SJ. Maldia................................................................... 351

Laura Valenzuela.........................................................67, 628

Lesego Malekana................................................................. 103

Laura V. Campos.................................................................362

Leslie G. Castillo R..................................................................721

Laura Williamson....................................................................78

Letícia Guimarães Barbosa.........................................345

Laura Yañez..............................................................................180

Letícia Oliveira da Rocha...............................................744

Laura Yáñez-Espinosa...................................................... 182

Letícia R. Morais....................................................................444

Laurel Constanti Crosby.........................................93, 262

Letícia R. Novaes....................................................... 202, 629

Lauren A. Eserman..............................................................828

Levent Şık................................................................114, 413, 626

Lauren Audi.............................................................................576

Le Veve Audrey.....................................................................254

Lauren Eserman-Campbell.........................................535

Leydi Flores.............................................................................. 473

Lauren Gardiner...................................................................493

Leyla J. Seyfullah...................................................................618

Laurens Sparrius................................................................... 133

Leyre Pedros-Pla.................................................................. 273

Laurie Blackmore.................................................................535

Liang Zhao................................................................................500

Laurent Bonnal.........................................................................88

Leysi Martínez...........................................................................721

Lauro López-Mata............................................ 117, 396, 823

Liang-Zhong Niu.................................................................... 191

Lavergne Sebastien........................................................... 477

Lian Lian..................................................................................... 782

Lawrence B Smart...............................................................630

Liceth Hernández-Olguín...............................................529

Laymon D. Ball........................................................................188

Lidia González-Atabales................................................746

Lazkov A. Georgi.................................................................... 831

Lidia I. Cabrera Martínez.................................................. 512

L. Díaz-Jimenez.......................................................................122

Lidija Bitz....................................................................................368

Leah E. Endonela.....................................................................44

Lidyanne S. Aona.................................................................. 714

Leah J. Williams....................................................................539

Liene Auniņa...........................................................................706

Leandro C. Pederneiras...................................................638

Ligia S. Funch..................................................... 280, 452, 491

Leandro Freitas..........................................................295, 606

Li He...............................................................................................504

Leandro Giacomin..............................................................647

Lihua Zhao................................................................................240

Leandro Pereira-Dias.......................................................650

Lijia Wang.................................................................................. 139

Leanna Feder.........................................................................492

Li Li..................................................................................................574

Léanne L. Dreyer................................................................... 437

Liliana Ibarra............................................................................. 161

Ledis Regalado.....................................................................284

Liliana Rosero.........................................................................532

Leena Myllys............................................................................... 37

Liliane C. Pereira....................................................................160

Leen Govaere.........................................................................665

Liliane S. Camargos............................................... 607-608

Lefter Kashta...........................................................................428

Lilian S. Santos.......................................................................490

Lei Duan..................................................................................... 637

Lilita Svirževska.....................................................................706

Le-Han Nguyen.....................................................................253

Lilisbeth Rodríguez................................................................ 181

Lei Zhang........................................................................263, 630

Lilit E. Ghukasyan.................................................................265

Lekberg Y...................................................................................748

Lilith Weber................................................................................. 37

Lemas M...................................................................................... 142

Liliya A. Dimeyeva............................................................... 472

Lena Struwe.................................................................. 239, 828

Liliya Draganova.....................................................................78

Lenka Záveská Drábková........................................ 82, 621

Liming Cai.................................................................................464

Leonardo F. Laguna...........................................................784

Lina P. Cinosi............................................................................ 512

Leonardo B. Nascimento................................................ 378

Li Minghui..................................................................................829

Leonardo Gutiérrez.............................................................520

Lina Podda.......................................................................97, 543

Leonardo M. Versieux..........................................................712

Lina Zhou....................................................................................772

860

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Linda Uzule...............................................................................706

Lorna J. Halliwell..........................................................184-185

Lindsay Reedy........................................................................790

Louise Colville......................................................45, 170, 646

Linde N. Wieringa....................................................... 666, 718

Lorrayne de Barros Bosquetti.....................................487

Ling Chen.................................................................................. 726

Louise Klein Madureira..................................................... 378

Ling Ding..................................................................................... 123

Louise Mair...............................................................................389

Ling Mao...................................................................................... 191

Louise Morin............................................................................ 742

Lingua Guido............................................................................ 118

Louis S. Jay-García.................................................. 419, 798

Linlin Wang...............................................................................772

Lourdes López-Merino..........................................402, 404

Lin Xia..............................................................................................29

Lourdes Rufo................................................................. 531, 557

Lior Glick...................................................................................... 261

Lourens Swanepoel...............................................................99

Li Rong.........................................................................................566

Loy Xingwen............................................................................535

Lisa Angelini............................................................................382

L. Patricia C. Morellato......................................................303

Lisa J.M.A. Dominicus...........................................................39

L.S.B. Jordão.............................................................................. 162

Lisandru Leandri.................................................................... 410

L. Torsten Eriksson...............................................................499

Lisa Pokorny......................... 152, 188, 370, 481, 500, 629

Luan B. Giovanelli................................................................. 219

Lisandra P. Souza.................................................................. 361

L.S. Jansen................................................................................766

Lisa Philander.......................................................................... 216

Luana S. Prochazka..................................................263, 774

Lisa Zander............................................................................... 252

Luane Botelho.........................................................................561

Lisbeth Aguilar-Hernández........................................... 213

Luara Tourinho......................................................................390

Liu Xinyu..................................................................................... 262

Luca Giupponi....................................................................... 477

Liu Jie...........................................................................................570

Lubna Faizullah..................................................................... 573

Liu Yang................................................................................. 34, 73

Luca Malatesta.....................................................................554

Li-Wei Tsai................................................................................. 126

Lucas A. Silva.............................................................................53

Li-Yaung Kuo.......................................................... 25, 28, 738

Lucas C. Majure..................................................714, 717, 822

Liying Lan.................................................................................... 120

Lucas C. Marinho..................................................................491

Liza M. Linares Rosales...................................................... 512

Lucas Costa............................................................................438

Lizeth Huamán......................................................................399

Lucas D. Santana.................................................................470

Lizeth K. Huamán................................................................. 237

Lucas F. Bacci.......................................................................... 714

Liz Wandrag............................................................................556

Lucas Jordão..........................................................................390

Llorenç Gibanel.....................................................................584

Lucas J. R. Bartsch.............................................................. 274

Llorenç Gil.............................................37, 145, 147, 150, 339

Lucas L. Reis.............................................................................580

Lluis Garcia Mir......................................................................798

Lucas M. Carbone...............................................................606

Llorenç Sáez.......................... 145, 147, 150, 428, 481, 544

Lucas Marie-Orleach........................................................765

Lluís García Mir........................................................... 308, 672

Lucas M. S........................................................................331, 748

Lluís Salom-Vicens................................... 37, 145, 147, 150

Lucas S.B. Jordão.................................................................389

Lluis Serra..................................................................................428

Lucero Clemente-Martínez..........................................597

Lluís Vilar.......................................................................................65

Lucía Bezares.........................................................................540

L.M. Valente..............................................................................766

Lucía Cano............................................................................... 273

Logacheva Maria D............................................................330

Lucía de la Rosa...................................................................356

Logan Kistler............................................................................ 174

Lucía De Soto.............................................................................24

Lone Aagesen........................................................................657

Lucía D. Moreyra.............................................. 655, 677, 681

López Alba................................................................................ 477

Lúcia G. Lohmann...............................................................698

López-Moreno José Ignacio........................................ 477

Lucía Herrero-Quintanilla.................................................24

Lorena Ashworth..................................................................606

Lucia H.P. Kiill..............................................................................46

Lorena Gutiérrez-García................................................ 527

Lucía Martín-Cacheda....................................................749

Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet.............................................. 739

Luciana A. Botacim............................................................265

Lorenzo Federico Manjarrez.........................................578

Luciano A. Digiampietri...................................................280

Loren H Rieseberg...............................................................765

Lucía Miranda Hernández....................................108-109

Lorenzo Colombo................................................................. 157

Luciana P. Carvalho...........................................................348

Lorenzo Gil.....................................................64, 94, 337, 550

Luciano P. de Queiroz............................................. 280, 491

Lorenzo Pinzani...................................................................... 707

Lucía Pérez-Pardal.............................................................485

Loretta Johnson....................................................................591

Lucia Porto...............................................................................559

861

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Lucia Vargas-Longas.......................................................286

M

Lucía Y. Centeno-Betanzos..........................................464

Maaike Y. Bader............................................................. 36, 125

Lucie Němcová...................................................................... 176

Mª Ángeles Alonso..............................................................409

Ludmilla Fitri Untari.....................................................141, 479

Maarten Christenhusz......................................................524

Ludovica Oddi........................................................................ 307

Macarena Cuerdo......................................................411, 552

Ludwig Mann.............................................................................38

Macarena Marín-Rodulfo..............................................269

Luis A. Bernal-Ramírez.....................................................630

Madalin Parepa....................................................................263

Luis Chausson Garate......................................................394

Maddumage P.M................................................................. 537

Luis E Eguiarte........................................................................799

Mae Camacho...................................................................... 573

Luis Flor.......................................................................................584

Magali Proffit..............................................................................86

Luís González..........................................................................588

Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat........................................624

Luis G. Quintanilla................................................................285

Magdalena Brener..............................................................614

Luís Martínez-Oliver..............................................................47

Magdalena Rossi................................................................ 466

Luis M. Bedoya........................................................................ 215

Magdalena Vaio Scvortzoff..........................................438

Luis Navarro............................................................................. 157

Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide.................................................. 669

Luis Pillaca................................................................................348

Magui Olangua-Corral....................................................309

Luís Silva......................................................................... 309, 729

Mahmoud Ahmed Khater.............................................592

Lucía Villaescusa González...............................236, 694

Maanda Hadzhi Ligavha-Mbelengwa..................594

Lucie Bauret................................................................................ 71

Lucio Malizia............................................................................475

Mª Ángeles Del-Castillo-Alonso...............................597

Ludovica Dessì......................................................................543

Maarten J.M. Christenhusz............................................436

Ludwig Luthardt....................................................................620

Macarena Marín R...............................................................195

Luis Abdala-Roberts.........................................................749

Mackenzie R............................................................................. 142

Luis Cayuela...........................................................................475

Maddi Otamendi-Urbiztondo..................................... 827

Luis Delgado Sánchez........................ 216, 228, 733, 777

Madison Bullock...................................................................820

Luis F. Cisneros-Lemus.....................................................106

Maeleletse G. Mopai...........................................................601

Luis Gerardo Chilito López................................... 492, 631

Magali Ruiz Rivas........................................................104-105

Luis González-Gallego........................................... 183, 795

Magda Escobar-Alba.........................................................371

Luis Guasch.............................................................................356

Magdalena Chmur............................................................258

Luis Matías................................................................................600

Magdalena Vaio...................................352, 421, 438, 832

Luis Mur.......................................................................................328

Magda R. Escobar...............................................................748

Luis Palazzesi..........................................................................443

M.A. Guerrero Rubio............................................................ 517

Luis Ruiz Valenzuela............................................................ 310

Maher Kabshawi.................................................................. 233

Luis T. Williamson.....................................................................19

Mahmoud Magdy..................................................... 146, 447

Luiz Henrique M. Fonseca..................................................85

Maike Lorenz........................................................................... 375

Luiz L. Coutinho..................................................................... 466

Maialen Arrieta-Aseginolaza...................................... 827

Luke Busta................................................................................. 216

Maite D. I. Sepúlveda.........................................................609

Lu Lu.............................................................................................. 282

Mai Thu Nguyen...................................................................255

Luz Mauro Gutiérrez...........................................................384

Maja Mucko.............................................................................360

Lyanna DeLeon.........................................................................57

Maja Terzić...............................................................................324

Lynde Dodd................................................................................97

Makoto Nino............................................................................258

Lynn G. Clark........................................................191, 569, 720

Malcom Demies...................................................................570

Mahtab Moghaddam......................................................440

Luiza Wolska............................................................................433
Luiz H. M. Fonseca................................................................698

Mai Minamikawa...................................................... 256, 522

Luiz Menini Neto.........................................................348, 470

Maira C. M. Fonseca................................................ 219-220

Luke T. Dunning.....................................................................358

Maite Gonzalez....................................................................... 521

Luo Chen.................................................................................... 715

Maja Lazarević........................................................... 346, 537

Luz M. Muñoz Centeno..................................216, 228, 777

Maja Radulović...................................................................... 231

Lyn Cook....................................................................................498

Makenzie E. Mabry..............................................................660

Lynn Bohs..................................................................................647

Maks Merela.............................................................................377

Lytton J. Musselman............................................................ 66

Malem J.....................................................................................439

Małgorzata Pietrowska Borek......................................615

862

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Małgorzata Stanek............................................................. 757

Marcin Klisz..............................................................................346

Maliwan Nakkuntod........................................................... 729

Marcin Nobis...........................................................................486

Malika Ainouche..................................................................263

Marcin Mazurkiewicz.......................................................... 312

Mª Luisa Buide.......................................................................305

Marcin W. Woch................................................................... 757

Malu Ore-Rengifo..................................................................717

Marcin Zych....................................................................258, 312

Maneesh S. Bhandari.............................................539, 555

Márcio S. Werneck..............................................................348

M.A. Nadruz............................................................................... 162

Márcio F. dos Santos.........................................................489

M. Ángeles Ortiz....................................................................623

Marcio Verdi............................................................................390

Manish R....................................................................................300

Marco A. Bartolo-Marchena..........................................212

Manit Kidyoo..............................................................................86

Marco Canella...............................................................43, 334

Manju C.N.....................................................................................114

Marco Dainelli............................................................ 455, 458

Mannfred M. A. Boehm.....................................................296

Marco G. Balducci..................................................... 194, 552

Manoj M. Lekhak........................................................ 230, 336

Marco Heurich....................................................................... 332

Manolo Marrero-Gómez.................................................550

Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini. 100, 781, 806

Manop Poopath..................................................................... 154

Marco Saltini...........................................................................294

Manon Candas...................................................................... 410

Marco Porceddu.......................................................543, 545

Manpreet Katari...................................................................576

Marcos C. Dórea....................................................... 280, 720

Manuela Bravo-Castaño................................................ 143

Marcos C. Silva......................................................................234

Manuela Ramírez-Valle...................................................148

Marcos Hernández...............................................................212

Manuela Sim-Sim..................................................................70

Marcos J.G. Pessoa............................................................580

Manuel Azenha....................................................................... 611

Marcos Méndez............................................................ 24, 270

Manuel B. Crespo.................................314, 409, 520, 723

Marcos Moreno-Rabadán..................................... 63, 291

Manuel Benito Crespo Villalba....................................164

Marcos Salas-Pascual......................................... 547, 798

Manuel Casas-Gallego........................................ 619, 758

Marcos Silva............................................................................235

Manuel Guzman...................................................................589

Marcos V. Dantas-Queiroz............................................ 572

Manuel Fernández..............................................................348

Marcos V.C. Freitas.....................................................46, 582

Manuel J. Macía......................................................... 475, 818

Marco T. Estepa-Ruiz........................................................362

Manuel Marquerie..............................................................428

Marco Todesco.....................................................................434

Manuel Molina-Bustamante............................397, 494

Marco V. Alvarado.................................................................117

Manuel Munuera...................................................... 422, 526

Marco Vuerich...............................................................46, 322

Manuel Pimentel Pereira...........71, 127, 325, 360, 627

Marc Pignal............................................................................... 251

Manuel Vera............................................................................538

Marc Sánchez-Vega............................................................ 72

Manzano P................................................................................266

Marcus A. Koch........................................................................40

Manu Saunders....................................................................556

Marc S. Appelhans................................................... 372, 800

Mª Pilar Flores Sáenz.........................................................803

Marcus J.A. Falcão..............................................................639

Mapula Razwinani.............................................................. 232

Marc W. Schmid...........................................................101, 263

Marc-Aurèle Vallée................................................................91

Marek Šlenker.......................................................42, 537, 627

Marc Beringer........................................................................604

Marek Slovák................................................................ 124, 626

Marc Carriquí......................................... 145, 205, 577, 584

Margaret Byrne..................................................................... 742

Marcela Moré......................................................................... 792

Margaret Campbell..............................................................121

Marcelino de la Cruz............................................................89

Margaret Yeo........................................................................ 646

Marcelino Martínez Nuñez....................................104-105

Margarita A. Ezhova........................................................... 370

Marcella Corcoran.............................................................799

Margarita E. Gallegos Martìnez.......................243, 586

Marcello Dante Cerrato.................37, 64, 94, 145, 147,

Margarita Gomila................................................................549

150, 337, 339, 542

Margarita Lachmayer......................................................833

Marcelo F. Simon................................................................. 637

Margarita V. Remizowa...................................................785

Marcelo S. da Silva............................................................. 779

Margherita Tognela..............................................................78

Marcelo D. Arana..................................................... 285-286

Margarita Popova...............................................................596

Marcelo Oyaneder..............................................................773

Mar Génova.....................................................................141-142

Marc Hoffmann.....................................................................304

Margoth Acuña-Tarazona............................................348

Marcial Escudero................................... 153, 167, 253, 629

Maria A.A.R. Fonseca.........................................................464

Marciel J. Ferreira................................................................809

Maria Adamo............................................................................76863

XX International
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Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Maria A. dos Santos...........................................................489

Maria JF Caliman................................................................642

Maria Alice M.S. Couto.....................................................305

María J. López-Caro..........................................................585

María A. Ficher.......................................................................553

Maria J. G. de Andrade..........................................414, 438

Maria Alves..............................................................................678

Maria José Clemente-Moreno................................... 145

María Ángeles Alonso Vargas.......................... 164, 520

María José Díez.....................................................................650

María Ángeles Del-Castillo-Alonso........................... 73

Maria José Gomes de Andrade................................438

María Ángeles Guevara..................................................578

María José Tenor Ortiz................................................59, 62

María Ángeles Ortiz-Herrera........................................ 291

María Judith Carmona....................................................348

María Ángeles Viruel.........................................................260

María Landa Barrio.............................................................592

Maria-Anna Vasile.............................................................497

María Leo Montes........................................... 259, 494, 817

Maria Aparecida Aride Bertonceli...........................744

María Loraine Matias-Palafox.........................388, 675

Maria A.R. Ferreira.......................................................46, 582

Maria L. S. de Carvalho.......................................................131

Maria Beatrice Castellani..............................................458

María Luisa Rubio Teso....................................................356

Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo.......................................... 696

Maria Luiza S. Carvalho................................................... 720

María Borrego Ramos..............................................101, 427

Maria M. Ribeiro.....................................................................199

Maria B. Lovato...........................................................483, 485

Maria Mayol........................................................332, 538, 577

Maria Bosch............................................................................. 155

María M. Romeiras..............................................................547

Maria B. R. Caruzo.............................................................. 696

Maria M. Zamfirache.........................................................340

María Caballero Torres....................................................164

Mariana A. B. da Silva.......................................................353

María Cañellas......................................................................549

Mariana Baez.................................................................38, 650

Maria Casamitjana............................................................589

Mariana Castro.......................................................... 290, 572

María Castro..............................................................................59

Mariana de O. Miquilini....................................................256

Maria C. Castellanos.........................................................795

Mariana Ferreira Alves.....................................................484

Maria Cineola Fernandes..................................................81

Mariana García-Criado.................................................. 736

Maria Clara Gil Laydner................................................. 668

Mariana H. Santana................................................ 493, 782

Maria C. Musarella.................................................................97

Mariana M. Lira......................................................................769

Mariacristina Villani........................................................... 707

Mariana N. Saka...................................................................508

Maria C. Torres......................................................................589

Mariana Pereyra.................................................................. 792

María D. Bejarano................................................................802

Mariana R. Fantinati................................................. 467, 810

Maria de F. Agra................................................................... 779

Mariana Salas-Sánchez...................................................371

Maria de Fátima Agra...................................................... 779

Mariana T. Araújo................................................................642

María D. Jiménez.......................................................... 63, 291

Mariana V. Irume.................................................................348

Maria D. Logacheva........................... 203, 293, 370, 672

Mariana Zelada.................................................................... 473

María Dolores García Suárez.........................................48

Marianne Glasius................................................................432

Maria do Carmo E. Amaral................................ 290, 297

Mariane B. R. de Ávila............................................. 219-220

María Dolores Vélez...........................................................578

Mariano Cortés.............................................................215, 715

Maria E. Boi...............................................................................543

Mariano Donato...................................................................676

Maria Eduarda G. Heleno...............................................256

Mariano García Alonso...................................................585

Maria Emilia Mascarenhas..............................................55

Mariano Mariani...................................................................545

María Eugenia Arias............................................................. 161

María Olangua-Corral.......................................... 308, 797

Maria Esther Nieto-Blazquez........................................166

Marian Schubert...................................................................169

María Fátima Mereles H....................................... 226, 724

Maria Orriols............................................................................. 210

María Fernández-González.............................................58

Maria Panitsa.........................................................................479

María F. Schmitz................................................................... 763

María Pilar Goméz-Serranillos............................27, 736

María Ferriol............................................................................558

Maria Paula Contreras....................................................344

María Honrubia-Martínez..............................................326

María Quintana-Torres.....................................................221

María I. Pozo............................................................................230

Maria Raicu..............................................................................559

María J. Cano.........................................................................670

Maria Romeiras.................................................................... 729

María J. Aguilar-Aguilar..................................................597

María Renée Álvarez-Ruano........................................ 222

María Jesús Cano................................................................148

Maria Roselló-Salvadó............................................147, 150

María Jesús Fernández Cobo......................................108

María R. Pérez Vallejo........................................................476

María Jesús García-Sánchez.....................................260

María Sánchez-Gracia....................................................453

864

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

María Sanz-Arnal................................................................. 152

Mario Fernández-Mazuecos................... 259, 451, 481,

Maria S. Vorontsova.................................................357, 719

Mario Gomes..........................................................................390

MariaT. Chiofalo.................................................................... 741

Mariola Monllor.....................................................................546

Maria Silvia Pinna................................................................ 707

494, 534, 540, 544, 550

Maria T. Buril............................................................................ 782

Mario J. Simirgiotis......................................................27, 736

María Teresa Cervera......................................................578

Mariola Plazas.................................................248, 648-650

Maria Tereza Fernandes Piedade...............................89

Mário L. Garbin......................................................................265

Maria Tereza R. Costa......................................................445

Mário Luís Garbin.....................................................................61

María T. Gallego...................................................................670

Mario Mairal............................................................................ 783

María Tierra................................................................................101

Mario Martínez Azorín........................ 164, 314, 409, 520

María Valerio de Arana.................................................... 421

Marion Chartier.....................................................................302

María Vera Jiménez........................................216, 228, 777

Marion Noualhaguet.........................................................405

María Villodre......................................................................... 763

Mario Tomaazello-Filho................................................. 466

Maria von Balthazar....................................302, 833-834

Mario Tommasiello............................................................353

Maribel Arenas-Navarro................................................382

Mario Xavier Ruiz-González..........................................435

Maribel Palechor....................................................................212

Mario X. Ruiz-González....................................................645

Marie-Claire Veranso-Libalah........................... 715, 718

Marisa G. Bonasora.............................................................418

Marie Jamroszczyk............................................................. 375

Marisol A. Saretto....................................................................78

Marie K Brandrud.................................................................765

M. Arista......................................................................................294

Marieke Duinhouwer.......................................................... 132

Maritrinh Nguyen....................................................................57

Mariela Nuñez Florentin................................................... 153

Maritza Guerrero-Barrantes...........................................121

Mariela Sader.........................................................................650

Marjana Westergren......................................................... 332

Marie Savignac.....................................................................302

Marjol Meço................................................................... 198, 428

Marija Bučar.............................................................................149

Mark Angelo C. Bucay............................................ 126, 506

Marijn Bauters........................................................................475

Mark Arcebal K. Naive......................................................506

Marika Yamaguchi................................................................311

Mark Carine........................................................365, 729, 782

Mariko Asaoka....................................................................... 242

Mark Chase.............................................................................524

Marília C. Duarte........................................... 444-445, 447

Mark H. Mayfield....................................................................414

Marília C. Ventrella............................................................. 220

Mark Hughes...........................................................................506

Marilia M. Tavares................................................................ 471

Mark Mendelsohn................................................................606

Marilou Ledeuil....................................................................... 319

Marko Bačurin.........................................................................614

Marilú Huertas de Schneider.......................................529

Marko Doboš..........................................................................360

Marilyn Vásquez-Cruz.....................................................638

Marko Kebert..........................................................................575

Marina Coca de la Iglesia..................................428, 552

Marko Sabovljević................................................................ 671

Marina Díaz................................................................................177

Markus Fischer....................................................................... 162

Marina Jušković...................................................................804

Markus Stetter........................................................................ 671

Marina do Vale Beirão..................................................... 297

Markus Ruhsam....................................................................436

Marina Mačukanović-Jocić.........................................324

Marlene Hahn......................................................................... 187

Marina Martínez-López...................................................648

Marta Alonso García.................................................181, 208

Marina Martín.........................................................................546

Marlina Ardiyani...................................................................509

Marina Muñoz García...............................................60, 472

Marta Barberis........................................................................ 157

Marina Ramos-Muñoz..................................................... 273

Marta Benito Garzón............................................................54

Marina Rodes-Blanco......................................................585

Marta Bianchi..........................................................................418

Marina Tallón.........................................................................633

Marta Eva García-González........................................209

Marin D. Petar.........................................................................700

Marta Galloni........................................................................... 157

Marina Wolowski..................................................................295

Marta Franco........................................................................... 251

Marinez F. de Siqueira......................................................389

Marta Goberna..................................................................... 273

Marinez Siqueira..................................................................390

Marta Kolanowska.................................................................53

Marino Quaranta.................................................................. 157

Marta Mútňanová................................................................ 671

Mario A. Espejo......................................................................563

Marta Pastor-García.........................................................595

Mario Blanco-Sánchez...........................................261, 273

Marta Recio.....................................................................60, 472

Mario Fernández Martínez............................................. 207

Marta Rodríguez-Rey........................................................665

865

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Marta Sanchez...............................................................27, 736

Massimiliano Corso..............................................................52

Marta Vargas........................................................................... 181

Massimo Guarnieri.................................................. 322-323

Marta Starczak....................................................................... 102

Massimo G. Bovini...............................................................445

Marta Viu Cuerda.............................................70, 384, 442

Massimo Labra.....................................................................639

Martha Charitonidou......................................................... 174

Massimo Nepi............................................................. 322-324

Martha E. Lopezaraiza-Mikel........................................597

Mateus C. Silva.......................................................................561

Martina Bottoni....................................................157, 213, 219

Matheus Colli-Silva............................................................447

Martha Kandziora................................................................166

Mateusz Skłodowski............................................................ 312

Martina Cerri............................................................................518

Matheus H.P. Siqueira.......................................................780

Martina D’Agostino................................................................46

Matheus Martins Teixeira Cota..................................505

Martina Deglialberti...........................................................435

Mathew Rees.......................................................................... 522

Martina Deplano..................................................................545

Mathias Mangino................................................................. 421

Martina Falcione.....................................................................52

Mathieu Chambouleyron.................................... 410, 427

Martin A. Hamilton..............................................................800

Mathilde Dufay...................................................................... 202

Martin A. Lysak...................................................... 41, 190, 604

Mathusalam Pantevis....................................................... 215

Martín Arteaga...................................................................... 473

Matias Kohler.........................................................................280

Martin Bidartondo............................................................... 770

Matías Troncoso.....................................................................34

Martina Temunović............................................................420

Matias Köhler......................................................................... 822

Martin Dančák.......................................................................790

Matiullah....................................................................................555

Martine Hossaert-McKey..................................................86

Matt G. Johnson...................................................................534

Martínez-Ortega.......................................................496, 675

Matthew A. Gitzendanner..............................................699

Martin Freiberg......................................................................304

Matthew A. Kaproth............................................................ 187

Martin F. Wojciechowski..................................................636

Matthew C. Hale.....................................................................137

Martin Huallanca...................................................................212

Matthew G. Johnson.........................................................820

Martín Hesajim de Santiago-Hernández............597

Matthew Galliart...................................................................591

Martin M. Kater....................................................................... 701

Matthew Kweku Essilfie.................................................... 237

Martín-Muñoz Juan...........................................................695

Matthew Olson......................................................................630

Martin Prach...........................................................................766

Matthias Benoit.....................................................................248

Martino Adamo......................................................................661

Matthew Ruggirello............................................................ 762

Martin Röser............................................................................496

Maura Da Cunha......................................................528, 580

Martin Stevens........................................................................518

Maura Isabel Díaz Lezcano............................................194

Martin Venturas....................................................................595

Mauricio Caballero............................................................ 473

Martin W. Callmander.......................................................166

Mauricio Mina........................................................................ 226

Martyn P. Waller....................................................................404

Mauricio Ruiz...........................................................................549

Mart-Jan Schelhaas.........................................................665

Mauricio Quesada...................................................597, 606

Marvin Castillo-Ugalde......................................................121

Maurizio Mencuccini.........................................................809

Marvin Klümpen...................................................................396

Mauro D’Amato.....................................................................432

Marwa w. Halmy...................................................................345

Mauro Fois................................................................................543

Maryam Almasi.................................................................... 702

Mauro M. Fragoso............................................................... 378

Maryam Keshavarzi........................................................... 357

Maverick N. Tamayo............................................................137

Mary Lee Berdugo-Lattke...................................576, 805

Maxime Rome........................................................................300

Mary Ann Bautista............................................................... 314

Maxime de Ronne................................................................ 319

Marysol Ramírez-Díaz....................................................... 417

Maximilian Larter.................................................................. 613

M.A. Sader..................................................................................651

Máximo Gonzales................................................................329

Masaaki Ozeki........................................................................... 72

Maximilian Weigend............................................... 497, 702

Masaharu Amano.................................................................317

Max Winkeljohn...................................................................... 170

Masaki Shimamura..................116, 257, 320, 460, 634

Maya P. Stoyneva-Gärtner............381, 387, 392, 407

Masaru Bamba..................................................................... 327

Mayara Krasinki Caddah........................... 352, 706, 717

Masayuki Maki....................................................................... 252

Maycon S. Teixeira............................................................. 466

Mas J.F....................................................................................... 664

Mayra Cerero.........................................................................529

Masoumeh Khodaverdi..................................................245

Mayte S. Jiménez-Noriega............................................ 213

Massa Nadia............................................................................. 118

Mayte Stefany Jiménez-Noriega..............................196

866

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

McCool M................................................................................... 142

Michael J. Passalacqua..................................................248

Md. S. Islam..............................................................................507

Michael Kessler.....................................................................348

M. C. Telhe................................................................................. 281

Michael J. Song...................................................................... 124

Meanie Morales....................................................................289

Michael Landis......................................................................560

Meddad-Hamza Amel....................................................... 118

Michael Lenhard....................................................... 240, 293

Meekiong Kalu.......................................................................453

Michael Schmidt.....................................................................45

Medina N.G.................................................................................26

Michael Rzanny......................................................................159

Megan A. Brown..................................................................... 741

Michael Sundue.........................................................286, 288

Mehdi Abedi............................................................................. 107

Michael S. Vega....................................................................348

Mehdi Dehghani...................................................................343

Michal Hroneš........................................................................790

Mehmet Basbag..................................................................426

Michela Marignani..............................................................269

Mehrdad Zarafshar............................................................. 126

Michele Colangelo.............................................................. 612

Meilian Tan...............................................................................674

Michele De Sanctis.............................................................554

Mei-Ying Lin..............................................................................777

Michele Lonati........................................................................383

Mei-Yuan Huang.................................................................574

Michelle Greve............................................................. 103, 574

Melania Fernández.............................................................299

Michelle I.L. de Souza......................................................... 220

Melanie De Nolf..................................................................... 723

Michelle L. Davis.....................................................................185

Melilia Mesbah.......................................................................169

Michelle L. Hart......................................................................436

Melissa León-Osper...........................................................305

Michelle Van der Bank.....................................................534

Melissa Ospero Leon..........................................................519

Michelle Waycott..........................................................19, 598

Melissa Viveiros Moniz...................................41, 369, 600

Michiko Nakagawa.............................................................453

Melo L.R.F....................................................................................239

Michio Oguro............................................................................137

M. Encarnación Merlo..............................................108-109

Micol Orengo..............................................................................51

Mendoza-Cariño M............................................................235

Mierkamili Maimait................................................................ 77

Mengmeng Li..........................................................................630

Miguel A. Copete.....................................................................94

Meng-Yuan Huang............................................................200

Miguel A. F. Jimenez...........................................................446

Meng-Yuan Zhou......................................................... 191, 719

Miguel Á. González-Estévez..........................................542

Mercedes M. di Pasquo.......................................................81

Miguel Á. Macías-Rodríguez........................................565

Mercedes Uscola-Fernández.....................................585

Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas............................................. 272

Mercè Galbany-Casals............................. 655, 677, 681

Miguel Angel Anton Gamero.......................................530

Mercè Rocadembosch..................................................... 129

Miguel Ángel García García........................................ 672

Meredith C. Schuman.........................................................90

Miguel A. Ortega Moreno...............................................476

Meryem Bozkurt............................................................39, 678

Miguel A. Padrón-Mederos......................419, 548, 798

Mery Suni...................................................................................399

Miguel A. Pérez-Pérez........................................................188

M. Escudero..............................................................................815

Miguel Á. Rodríguez............................................................660

M. Esther Pérez-Corona..................................................633

Miguel Arrufat......................................................................... 341

Metin Armağan.....................................................................468

Miguel A. Vega Ruiz............................................................530

Mia Lempiäinen Avci.........................................................368

Miguel A. Zavala....................................................... 585, 665

Miao He...................................................................................... 733

Miguel Berdugo Vera............................................. 482, 783

Micaela Conejeros-Palma........................................... 367

Miguel de Celis Rodríguez.............................................796

Mia Svensk..................................................................................88

Miguel Chapa........................................................................648

Michaela A. Dippold............................................................. 119

Miguel de Luis........................................................................625

Michael A. Coe.......................................................................344

Miguel Esquivel............................................................ 135, 401

Michaela Murgašová......................................................... 100

Miguel G. Ximenez-Embun.................................. 172, 272

Michael Cedric B. Bartolome..................... 44, 173, 366

Miguel Ibañez.......................................................................... 541

Michael C. Schatz................................................................248

Miguel Menezes de Sequeira............................... 41, 547

Michael D. Pirie......................................................................349

Miguel Montoro Girona....................................................405

Michael D. Purugganan........................................ 106, 246

Miguel Murguía-Romero................................................709

Michael E. Schaepman.......................................................90

Miguel Serrano......................................................................485

Michael Gitonobel...............................................................432

Miguel Verdú del Campo................................... 273, 660

Michael Heinrich.................................................................. 222

Mihaela Ioana Georgescu............................................750

Michael J. Moore.......................................................... 109, 177

Mihaela Urziceanu..............................................................559

867

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Mihai Pușcaș............................................................................614

Miriam Agler-Rosenbaum............................................. 123

Miho Hatai................................................................................ 257

Miriam Bravo-Hernández..............................................665

Mihajamalala A. Andriamanohera............................62

MiriamArena........................................................................... 762

Miho S. Kitazawa.....................................................................33

Miriam Gonzalez Garcia.................................................624

Mijoro Rakotoarinivo..........................................................185

Míriam Hernández-Del-Barco....................................442

Mikel Etxeberria-Okariz.................................................... 827

Miriam López-Hinojosa...................................................578

Mikhail V. Skaptsov.............................................................785

Mirko Salinitro.........................................................................456

Mikhail I. Schelkunov.........................................................203

Miriam Ramírez Velasco.................................................754

Miklos M. Bajay...................................................................... 770

Miro Demol...............................................................................475

Milan Borišev..........................................................................575

Miroslava Stefanova.........................................................234

Milan Gavrilović.....................................231, 424, 678, 682

Miroslava Zhiponova........................227, 229, 234, 596

Milan Pouch....................................................................... 41, 190

Miroslav Caboň..................................................................... 124

Milan Župunski......................................................................575

Miroslav I. Androv.................................381, 387, 392, 407

Mila Rusanova............................................................ 227, 596

Mirtha González.................................................................... 226

Mileidy Idárraga......................................................................28

Miryam Palomino-Rodriguez........................................212

Milena C. Telhe........................................................... 280, 822

M. Isabel Martínez-Nieto.................................................546

Milena Telhe............................................................................. 714

Miska Luoto................................................................................. 37

Miles Silman............................................................................475

Mitic Bozena............................................................................829

Milica Miletić..............................................................................131

Mitsue Shibata........................................................................137

Milica Rat......................................................................................69

Mitxelena A..............................................................................496

Milica Trajković......................................................................682

Miyuki Kunihisa...................................................................... 522

Milijana Kovačević.................................................. 204-205

Mizuho Endo............................................................................429

Milingoni Tshisikhawe.............................................. 99, 594

M. Jesús Fernández-Cobo.............................................109

Miljana Matić..........................................................................424

M.J. Jaizme-Vega.................................................................122

Milodarka Kocev..................................................................424

M.L. Buide...................................................................................294

Milton Groppo........................................................................642

M. Lis Echeverría....................................................................418

Milton S. Meira-Junior.......................................................199

M. Luceño................................................................................... 153

Ming-Hsiun Hsieh................................................................590

M. Mar Trigo.....................................................................60, 472

Minghui Kang.........................................................................328

M. Míguez................................................................................... 153

Mingliu Yang...........................................................................295

M. Montserrat Martínez-Ortega.................................675

Mingming Cui........................................................................330

Modesto Berbel.........................................................................41

Ming Ni........................................................................................... 77

Modesto Luceño Garcés.................................................777

Ming-Ying Zhang................................................................. 282

Mohamed Abdelaziz....................41-42, 292, 369, 600

MingzhuWu.................................................................................29

Mohamed Abdul Kareem.............................................. 776

Mingzhu Wu......................................................................29, 616

Mohamed Alifriqui..............................................................596

Min-Kyeong Oak..................................................................467

Mohamed Hamimeche..................................................547

Minkyung Jung.........................................................................151

Mohamed M. El-Khalafy......................................345, 542

Minoru Inamori...................................................................... 522

Mohamed Sahnoune.........................................................169

Minoru N. Tamura................................................................. 154

Mohamed Sarmoum........................................................609

Min R. Lu......................................................................................246

Mohammed Bendahmane..........................................248

Minsu Park................................................................................499

Mohizah Binti Mohamad................................................453

Min-Xin Luo..............................................................................268

Moisès Guardiola................................................................428

Mioara Dumitraşcu................................................. 744, 750

Moisés Martínez Bracero...................................................57

Miodrag Đorđević...............................................................804

Moisés Martínez-Bracero..................................................62

Miquel Capó....................................... 64, 92, 541, 584, 812

Moisés Méndez......................................................................607

Miquel Riba.........................................................332, 538, 577

Mokgaetji G. Mokganya.................................................. 227

Miraç Ekici....................................................................................80

Momchil Paunov..................................................................234

Miquel Rodríguez.................................................................542

Moldir Yermagambetova................................... 507, 724

Mira Fiškalović....................................................................... 537

Monica Alexandrina Tod................................................599

Miren I. Arzac..........................................................................586

Mónica Berger-González............................................... 222

Miren Irati Arzac.......................................................................24

Monica Boscaiu........................................................ 599, 645

Mireya Burgos Hernández...................................403, 516

Monica Carlsen-Krause.................................................509

868

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Mónica García-Gallo Pinto........................................... 370

Mya Bhone Maw...................................................................505

Mónica Medrano............................................. 104, 106, 605

Myoung-Suk Cho................................................................. 314

Monica L Rossi............................................................634, 636

Mykyta Peregrym................................................................429

Mónica Míguez.............................................................152, 347

Mónica Móraes Ramírez...................................... 288, 793

NMònica Utjés...........................................................................658

Nada Nikolić...............................................................................36

Mónica Moura............................................................. 309, 729

Nabarun Ghosh.......................................................................57

Monika Myśliwy..........................................................754-755

Nadezhda G. Gemejiyeva............................................. 472

Monika Szczecińska............................................................149

Nadia Bazihizina....................................................... 455, 589

Monique S. Costa................................................................ 379

Nádia Roque................................................................354, 678

Monique Romeiro-Brito...............................280, 714, 822

Nadia Javandel....................................................................802

Monira Bicalho.......................................................... 389-390

Nadine B. Coronado................................................. 44, 366

Monoranjan Chowdhury................................................. 515

Naga Charan Konakalla.................................................. 123

Monroy-Ata A........................................................................ 664

Nagore García Medina....................................................494

Montero Muñoz Iris..................................................424, 695

Nagore G. Medina................................ 259, 397, 745, 817

Montse Parada...................................................................... 210

Nagy D. U..........................................................................331, 748

Montserrat Arista......................................................305, 604

Naiara C. Zotti-Sperotto.................................................. 219

Montserrat Gutiérrez-Bustillo.........................................56

Naiara C. Zotti-Sperottoa.............................................. 220

Morales Juan Manuel.........................................................271

Naiba Mehdiyeva...................................................... 210, 806

Morales-Manilla L.M.......................................................... 664

Naim Berisha................................................................. 151, 403

Morán-López Teresa...........................................................271

Naïs Laporte............................................................................. 197

Morgane Dendoncker.........................................................88

Namiki Kikuchi..........................................................................311

Morgan R. Gostel................................... 62, 649, 678, 699

Namrata Pradhan................................................................ 170

Morrone J.J............................................................................. 664

Nana Goto................................................................................. 175

Moses A. Afolabi.................................................................... 313

Nancy Rybicki............................................................................97

Motoharu Hayase...............................................................258

Nancy Woodfield-Pascoe.............................................800

Motoki Shimizu......................................................................440

Nan Hu........................................................................................820

Moujahdi Chouaib...............................................................561

Naoko Miyamoto....................................................................58

Moumita Basu.............................................................732, 775

Naoko Sashimura.................................................................317

M Palacio S...............................................................................496

Naomi Campos-Palacios..............................................144

M. Patrick Griffith..................................................................534

Naoya Kamamoto..................................................... 116, 634

M. Pérez-Redondo................................................................122

Narah C. Vitarelli..................................................................256

M.P. Morim................................................................................. 162

Narender Kumar.................................................................. 367

M.P Tshisikhawe.................................................................... 270

Nasim Azani............................................................................636

M. Romeiro-Brito................................................................... 281

Nasim Safari.................................................................350, 641

M. Socorro González-Elizondo..................................... 183

Natalia A. S. Przelomska..........................................174, 514

M Swedha Madhavan....................................................... 130

Natália Bonfante..................................................................467

M. Teresa Boquete..................................................... 101, 603

Natalia Borowska-Zuchowska.................................... 193

Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik............................. 314

Natália F. Mazzaro...............................................................353

Mufeed B......................................................................................114

Natalia Gómez Mateu......................................................803

Muhammad Akbar.....................................................92, 575

Natalia Pabón-Mora..............................................238, 830

Muhammad Hanif.................................................................33

Natalia Rodríguez-Jiménez.........................................805

Muhammad Nakhooda........................................ 233, 610

Natália Roque.........................................................................199

Muneera Parveen AB........................................................... 22

Natalia Tkach.........................................................................496

Munetaka Sugiyama........................................................ 738

Natalia Wozniak...................................................................240

Mu-Qing Liu.............................................................................. 501

Natali Baz................................................................................... 421

Murat Doğan..........................................................................384

Nataliia Yaroshenko..........................................................570

Murienne J................................................................................496

Nataliya Bilyera....................................................................... 119

Musa Doğan...........................................................................359

Nataša Nikolić........................................................................575

Mustafa Cuce........................................................................820

Natasha A. Lloyd..................................................................342

Mustapha Haruna............................................................... 233

Natashi L. Pilon....................................................................... 132

M. Vaio.........................................................................................651

Nathália Susin Streher...................................................... 310

869

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Nathaly Guerrero-Ramirez...........................................563

Nieves López Estébanez................................................... 761

Natividad Chaves Lobón...................................... 751-752

Nikolai Borisjuk.......................................................................674

Nathan Muchhala...............................................................239

Nigel P. Taylor..........................................280, 296, 714, 822

Nattaya Srisawad................................................... 567-568

Nikolai N. Fesenko................................................................203

Navnath Kashid.................................................................... 224

Nikola Milanović...................................................................204

Nawarat Suksee....................................................... 567-568

Nikolay A. Vislobokov........................................................785

Navruzshoev D.........................................................................74

Nikolaos Gkournelos........................................................... 541

Nayane Cristina P. Bomfim...........................................608

Nikolay Matanov...................................................................461

Nayely Martínez-Meléndez...........................................348

Nikolina Pleić........................................................................... 333

Nazir Aslam.................................................................................92

Niko R. Johansson............................................................... 327

Ndubuisi C. Joel.................................................................... 374

Nilay Şen............................................................................ 177, 681

Neculai Dragomir................................................................599

Nildon C.S. Pitombo............................................................. 401

Neela de Zoysa.......................................................... 385, 742

Nil Escolà-Lamora............................................................. 669

Neil Bell...................................................................................... 669

Nils Stein....................................................................................248

Neil A. Brummitt................................................ 93, 298, 666

Nilobon sevanakun...............................................................115

Neil Brummitt......................................................................... 262

Nils van Rooijen.......................................................................47

Neil Lockhart...........................................................................667

Nina Caldeira.........................................................................470

Neil P. Griffis.................................................................................81

Nina Fogel.................................................................................750

Nélida Padilla-García.......................................................788

Nina Pougy...............................................................................389

Nelly de la Barra................................................................... 473

Nina Rønsted........................................................................... 351

Nelly Silva.................................................................................. 734

Nirina Rajaonarivelo..........................................................302

Nelson T. L. Pena......................................................................53

Nirintsoa Raharinomena................................................. 391

Nemanja Rajčević..............................................................680

Nirupan Vipulnanthan.....................................................764

Nene Yamauchi....................................................................258

Nisa Karimi...............................................................................525

Nerea Pereira.......................................................................... 105

Nishanta Rajakaruna...........................................................112

Nerina Gilbert..........................................................................801

Nishanth Gurav..................................................................... 776

Nesrin Orcen........................................................................... 573

N. Ivalú Cacho González................................................. 672

Neus Ibáñez.................................................................... 66, 564

Nizam Ashifa..............................................................................87

Neus Nualart.............................................. 66-67, 369, 443,

N.L. Rodríguez-Castañeda............................................294

495, 564, 628, 658, 753

N. Medrano Cuetos............................................................449

Nevena Kuzmanović.....................................360, 415, 747

Noah G. Bourne......................................................................... 17

Nian Wang.................................................................... 367, 785

Nobuaki Takeda......................................................................58

Nicha Thawara.............................85, 276, 523, 567-568

Noeleen Smyth......................................................................667

Nicholas Engle-Wrye........................................................ 282

Noelia Belfort-Oconitrillo................................................299

Nicholas Gershberg...........................................................528

Noelia Hidalgo-Triana................................................75, 96

Nick Barton............................................................................... 275

Noelia Vallejo Pedregal................................70, 384, 442

Nico Cellinese................................................................ 134, 717

Nomar E. Waminal...............................................................189

Nick Pepin.................................................................................... 37

Nokwanda P. Makunga...................................................628

Nicola Bergh........................................................................... 677

NonyaChimyang....................................................................35

Nicolai Nürk...............................................................................188

Noorhana Binti Mohd Sapawi.....................................453

Nicola Lothar Herrmann.................................................. 157

Noorunissa S. Begum........................................................ 318

Nicola Marcela V..................................................................682

Nora Bishop..............................................................................591

Nícolas A. P. Ricci.................................................................295

Nora H. Oleas........................................................ 67, 416, 825

Nicolás García.......................................................................452

Norah Saabna....................................................................... 827

Nicolas G. Burilli................................................................... 696

Nora Larrañaga....................................................................586

Nicolas Gross.......................................................................... 103

Nora Lentge-Maaß............................................................620

Nicolas Segovia....................................................................329

Nora Rustanoviča...............................................................706

Nicole J. Fenton.....................................................................364

Nora Walden..............................................................................40

Nicole Miller-Struttmann................................................750

Norbert Holstein........................................................ 367, 785

Nicole Sebesta......................................................................263

Noriaki Murakami.......................... 30, 311, 457, 474, 553

Nicoletta La Rocca.....................................................43, 334

Norma Aparecida Borges Bitar.................................487

Nidia Mendoza-Díaz............................................................177

NormaMartínez-Gallardo..............................................594

870

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Norma Salinas.......................................................................475

Olivier Chauveau..................................................... 249-250

Nourdine Baik.........................................................................624

Olivier Lachenaud..............................302, 693-694, 704

Norma Y. Ochoa-Ramos...............427, 526, 565, 659

Olivier Hamant...................................................................... 242

Nouva Yudha Perdana Yasir..........................................141

Olivier Maurin......................................... 139, 260, 697, 828

Novaković Jelica..................................................................700

Olwen M. Grace.............................................................66, 351

Novello Giorgia........................................................................ 118

Omar A. Monsegur-Rivera............................................800

N.S. Lawrie.................................................................................449

Omar Díaz-Segura.............................................................388

Nualart N...................................................................................496

Omar Galán............................................................................588

Nubia Gómez–Velázco..................................................... 128

Omar P. Perdomo.................................................................144

Nubia Guzmán......................................................................758

Omar Rodríguez...................................................................670

Núria Beltran-Sanz................................................................43Ömer Iltas.................................................................................788

Nuria de María.......................................................................578

Onja Hariveloniaina Morilline Razanamaro....... 391

Nuria Fernández Rico........................................................803

Onstein R. E.....................................................................331, 748

Núria Garcia-Jacas.......................................................... 669

Opeyemi P. Akinsulire.......................................................463

Nuria Montiel..........................................................................520

Oriane Hidalgo.......................................129, 443, 625, 672

Núria Roca................................................................................... 72

Oriol Lluch Oms.....................................................................760

Nuria Rodríguez.......................................................... 412, 557

Ørjan Totland.........................................................................304

Nur M. Pınar..............................................................................678

Orley Taylor.............................................................................597

Nur Safinas Binti Jelani....................................................453

Orsenigo Simone..................................................................416

N. Walker-Hale....................................................................... 517

Ortiz-Bermúdez E................................................................ 664

N. Yağmur Diker....................................................................236

Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar..........................................174, 514

OÒscar Castillo...............................................................677, 681

Ochanda Ogola...................................................................594

Oscar Molano.......................................................................... 161

Oscar J. Rocha.........................................................................121

Oscar Vicente............................................................ 599, 645

Odara H. Boscolo.................................................................402

Osedipo Adegbeyeni........................................................808

Ogary Kinshen.......................................................................570

Osita J. Uche...........................................................................640

Ogbuozobe O Gabriel...................................................... 374

Osman Erol............................................................114, 413, 626

Ojeda Vásquez F................................................................... 142

Osman Tugay........................................................................468

Okesanna E. Puhale...........................................................706

Osorio-Olvera L.O............................................................... 664

Okigbo N. Raphael.............................................................. 374

Oswaldo R. Castro Martínez.........................................392

Okihito Yano............................................................................. 154

Otakar Šída.............................................................................. 572

Okonkwo Uchenna.............................................................446

Otamendi M............................................................................496

Olaf Werner..............................................................................146

Otars Opermanis.................................................................706

Olalekan Yusuf......................................................................446

Otávio Luis M. da Silva.....................................................697

Olaya Mediavilla..................................................................230

Oussama Antar....................................................................650

Olesya Bezsmertna............................................................429

Oyarzún Contreras L........................................................... 142

Olga Férnandez-Palacios..............................................308

Øystein H. Opedal...............................................................794

Olga Lara Souza...................................................................235Özge Atlı.....................................................................................384

Olga Mayoral.............................................................................47

Olga Souza...............................................................................234
Oli Pescott.................................................................................350

P

Oliver Bossdorf......................................................................263
Oliver Gailing.................................................................... 83-84

Pablo Aguado-Ramsay..................................................362

Oliverio Delgado-Carrillo...............................................597

Pablo A. Martinez.................................................................... 77

Pablo A Pérez-Mesa.......................................................... 753
Pablo Ax..................................................................................... 222

Oliver J. Binks..........................................................................809

Pablo C. Guerrero................................................................ 367

Oliver Schweiger..................................................................304

Pablo Ferrandis.............................................................94, 602

Oliver Sommer.......................................................................159

Pablo Fornés-López.............................................................371

Oliver W. White...................................................................... 782

Pablo Garcia...........................................................................756

Olivia Carlson.......................................................................... 319

Pablo García-Moro............................................................. 152

Olivia Fitzpatrick.................................................................... 514

Pablo García Murillo............................................... 226, 724

Olivia G. Murrell.....................................................................539

Pablo Guerrero......................................................................462

Olivier Besnard....................................................................... 126

871

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Pablo H.A. Melo......................................................................389

Patrick Müller..........................................................................284

Pablo Muñoz-Rodríguez......................................672, 694

Patrik Mráz......................................................................627, 732

Pablo Neira..............................................................................289

Pau Carnicero........................................................................ 677

Pablo R. Stevenson............................................................... 118

Paula Bruna.............................................................................425

Pablo J. Hidalgo....................................................................520

Patrick Weigelt......................................................................768

Pablo Muñoz Rodríguez...................................................236

Patrizia Trifilò............................................................................ 741

Pablo Ramil-Rego...............................................................538

Paul A. Ashton...............................................................184-185

Pablo Speranza....................................................................832

Paula Matos............................................................................. 817

Pablo Tejero...................................................................521, 827

Paula M. Montoya - Pfeiffer...........................................198

Pablo Vargas.....................................................451, 540, 550

Paula Ortega López........................................................... 376

Palacio Sara............................................................................ 477

Paula Ramos..........................................................................578

Pallanza Mattia......................................................................416

Paula Rodriguez................................................................... 762

Paloma Ruiz-Benito............................................... 585, 665

Paula Vicenç-Sabater........................................................79

Paloma Cantó............................................................. 215, 365

Paul Ashton................................................................................. 21

Paloma Ruiz de Diego.......................................... 693-694

Paul-Camilo Zalamea....................................................... 118

Pamela Espinoza-Peñaloza......................................... 793

Paul D. Rymer............................................................................20

Pamela Rios..............................................................................212

Paulette I. Naulin...................................23, 285-286, 349,

Pamela Soltis..........................................................................768

609, 662, 746, 771, 773

Pamela S. Soltis....................................... 134, 191, 660, 699

Paulina Agostini.................................................................... 762

Panagiotis Theodorou.....................................................304

Paulina Bermejo.................................................................... 215

Pamela Tavares da Silvia..............................................470

Paulina Anastasiu...............................................................559

Panayiotis Trigas.................................................................479

Paulino Martínez...................................................................538

Panayotis Dimopoulos....................................................479

Paul Kersey..............................................................................436

Panida Kongsawadworakul............................. 567-568

Paulo Aecyo............................................................................. 471

Paola De Giorgi.....................................................................394

Paulo E.A.S. Câmara......................................................... 668

Paola Ferrante.......................................................................650

Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva Câmara............ 668

Paola Laiolo.............................................................................476

Paulo H. Ott.............................................................................. 527

Paola Gaiero...........................................................................832

Paulo Fernandez...................................................................199

Paola Sabbatucci................................................................377

Paulo H. S. Vieira...................................................................489

Paola S. Colombo................................................................. 157

Paulo Takeo Sano..................................................... 621, 623

Pardo G.......................................................................................266

Paul P. Smith...........................................................................342

Partha P Das...........................................................................432

Paul Rees......................................................................... 351, 799

Parthiban Subramanian..........................................48-49

Paul Simion..............................................................................300

Parvathy Surendranadh................................................. 275

Paul S. Manos.......................................................................... 134

Pastor L. Malabrigo Jr........................................................ 351

Pavel D. Turtureanu.............................................................614

Pastene Edgar.......................................................................832

Pavel Bednář..........................................................................766

Patar Sinaga...........................................................................486

Pavel Sanchez Flores...........................................................78

Pat Heslop-Harrison...........................................................737

Pavel Širka................................................................................. 671

Patricia Barberá...............................................69, 693-695

Pavel Škaloud.........................................................................780

Patricia Briega Martos.....................................................803

Pavel Trávníček...................................................................... 571

Patricia da Rosa..........................................................353, 713

Pavel Zdvořák........................................................................ 732

Patrícia L. Ribeiro...................................................................414

Paweł Pstrokoński................................................................258

Patricia Haro González..................................................... 145

Paweł Kapusta...................................................................... 757

Patricia Malcolm..................................................................699

PayelPaul.................................................................................... 515

Patricia Moya.........................................................................326

P Castro Sánchez-Bermejo.............................................89

Patricia Roncancio............................................................. 226

Peđa Janaćković.................................................................682

Patricia Soffiatti.......................................................... 467, 810

Pedreros Alberto..................................................................832

Patricio García-Fayos...................................................... 273

Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez...........................................642

Patrícia Singh.......................................................................... 671

Pedja Janaćković........................ 131, 231, 424, 678, 680

Patricia W. Chan..................................................................525

Pedro A. Araujo Nespereira.............................................58

Patrick Mäder............................................................... 159, 375

Pedro Anibal Vera Ojeda............................................... 743

Patrick McKenzie..................................................................435

Pedro H. S. Brancalion......................................................348

872

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Pedro Jara -Seguel............................................................284

Petronela Camen-Comănescu................................559

Pedro Jiménez-Mejías............... 150, 152, 183, 481, 777

Petr Pokorný............................................................................766

Pedro L. Ortiz-Ballesteros....................................305, 604

Peyton Weiner....................................................................... 226

Pedro Jordano.......................................................................299

Petr Sklenář..............................................................................558

Pedro L.R. de Moraes............................................. 490, 495

Pherkop Mossang..................................................................35

Pedro L. Rodríguez............................................................... 332

Philip J. Esseen.......................................................................539

Pedro Luiz S. S. Martins.....................................................348

Philippe Choler.......................................................................614

Pedro L. Viana........................................................................ 720

Philipp M. Schlüter................................................................ 241

Pedro Molina Holgado...................................................... 761

Phil Klahs...................................................................................554

Pedro Q. Dantas................................................................... 297

Phyo Kay Khine......................................................................653

Pedro Rebollo-Orozco......................................................585

Pierluigi Cortis........................................................................458

Pedro Sá....................................................................................234

Pier Mario Chiarabaglio.....................................................45

Pedro Sánchez-Gómez....................................................109

Piero Gianolla..........................................................................618

Pedro Talhinhas................................................................... 729

Pierre Champy......................................................................633

Pei-Chun Liao.............................................................. 180, 268

Pierre Galipot..........................................................................430

Peiliang Liu................................................................................ 315

Pierre-Olivier Cheptou..................................................... 202

Peipei Cao................................................................................263

Pietro Gramazio.............................................248, 648-650

Pei Qin Ng...................................................................................166

Pietro Zandigiacomo........................................................ 322

Pekka Niittynen......................................................................... 37

Pilar A. Haye.............................................................................329

Pengchuan Sun....................................................................328

Pilar Catalán................................................................. 193, 328

Peng-Fei Ma..................................................................... 191, 719

Pilar Cubas Domínguez.................................................. 672

Pere Fraga................................ 64, 93, 163, 346, 543, 756

Pilar H. Aragüés...................................................................... 817

Pere Fraga i Arguimbau.........................................93, 543

Pilar Soriano....................................................................47, 546

Pere M. Mir-Rosselló.........................37, 64, 94, 145, 147,

Pin-Chien Liou.......................................................................246

150, 337, 584

Piyal Karunarathne...................................................396, 731

Perla Farhat.............................................................................624

Piyush M Dangi...................................................................... 224

Pernar Anja..............................................................................829

P.L. Ortiz.......................................................................................294

Per McCord..............................................................................507

Pladevall C...............................................................................496

Pernille Harris........................................................................... 123

P.L. Uniyal......................................................................................35

Petar D. Marin.........................................................................680

Pokorny L...................................................................................496

Pete Hollingsworth..............................................................765

Pol Fernández........................................................................425

Peter B. Phillipson.......................................................166, 693

Polina Volkova........................................................................ 421

Peter Chesson.......................................................................... 27

Polina V. Vesselova............................................................556

Peter Gasson..........................................................................380

Polina Y Novikova................................................................ 673

Peter Hietz.................................................................................348

Pooja Nikade..............................................................................511

Peter Hollingsworth.................................................436, 483

Pooja Singh............................................................................... 821

Pēteris Evarts-Bunders....................................................706

Porter P. Lowry II.......................................................... 166, 302

Peter Matthews...................................................................... 128

Portia Alanyo.......................................................................... 373

Peter Milingoni Tshisikhawe.........................................594

Pöschl-Grau Y........................................................................748

Peter M. Kopittke....................................................................772

P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego......................................................94

Peter Pemberton..................................................................556

Prabir Banerjee........................................................................57

Peter Schafran....................................................................... 153

Pradeep K. Divakar.............................................................462

Peter Szovenyi........................................................................320

Predrag Lazarević............................................................... 537

Peter Schönswetter............................................................. 415

Pradeep Rajatewa.............................................................. 742

Peter Turis............................................................... 42, 124, 429

Priscila Rodríguez Rodríguez........................................819

Peter W. Fritsch................................................... 134, 137, 282

Priscilla Muriel........................................................................558

Petra Führding-Potschkat.............................................. 451

Priyanka Sethu Raman....................................................434

Pete Stroh.................................................................................350

Priya Hansda..........................................................................746

Petra Hloušková.......................................................................41

Prudencio García Jiménez........................................... 735

Petre I. Dobrev........................................................................ 227

P. Soumya.................................................................................700

Petrit Hoda................................................................................198

P Sreeja........................................................................................ 130

Petr Maděra.............................................................................554

P. Sreeja.........................................................................................98873

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

P Sunojkumar.........................................................................569

Rafael Pérez................................................................................55

Puangpaka Umpunjun........................................ 567-568

Rafael P. Lozano Fernández...........................................619

Purificación Martinez-Melgarejo..................................18

Rafael S. Oliveira................................................................... 132

P. Sunojkumar........................................................................700

Rafael Pérez-Romero.......................................................680

Purificación Alcázar......................................................59, 62

Rafael Rubio de Casas........................................... 172, 272

P.V. Swetha..................................................................................87

Rafael Tomás-Las-Heras...................................... 73, 597

Q

Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro.........................................340

Qasim Farooq...........................................................................57

Raffaella Ansaloni...............................................................758

Rafael Villar.............................................................................266
Rahmatullah Qureshi.......................................................555

Qian Gao....................................................................................616

Raiane A. de Souza.............................................................. 219

Qiang Wang............................................................................. 314

Rainer W. Bussmann.........................................................366

Qing-Jun Li...............................................................................574

Rajčević Nemanja..............................................................700

Qing-Lin Meng........................................................................ 331

Rajendra K. Meena..................................................539, 555

Qing Liu........................................................................................737

Rajendran Harani................................................................. 831

Qing-Song Xiao....................................................................574

Rajiv Dutta................................................................................. 817

Qin Tian.......................................................................................166

R. Alonso.......................................................................................23

Quasim Farroq.........................................................................59
Queenborough Simon.....................................................200

Rama Kant....................................................................539, 555

Quentin Cronk.......................................................................509

Ramiro Aguilar......................................................................606

Quiñones Natalia....................................................................38

Ramón E. Rivera-Vicéns.................................121, 123, 192

Ramírez-Barahona S.A................................................... 664

Quentin C. B. Cronk............................................................296

Ramona E. Irimia..................................................................263

Quentin Groom........................................................... 723, 772

Ramon Guedes-Oliveira................................................638

Quintanilla L.G...........................................................................26

Randall J. Bayer.................................................................... 677

R

Ran Zhou...................................................................................630
Raquel A. Gomes.........................................................46, 582

Raakel Toppila.......................................................................699
Rabarison Harison.................................................................68

Raquel Alonso-Redondo............................427, 526, 551

Rachael V. Gallagher............................................. 270, 534

Raquel Folgado..................................................................... 170

Rachel Mollman.................................................114, 413, 626

Raquel Marijuan Cuevas.....................................530, 803

Radim J. Vašut............................................................ 176, 504

Raquel Sánchez de Pedro.............................................260

Radu Ionel Neamț...............................................................599

Rareș Dumea.........................................................................599

Rae Cook......................................................................................45

Raúl Bonal................................................................................ 273

Rafael F. del Castillo......................................631, 730, 754

Raúl Díaz....................................................................................494

634, 636, 678, 806

Raúl E.Pozner...........................................................................420

Rafael Grajeda-Estrada................................................. 222

Raúl Mendes........................................................................... 729

Rafael Matos........................................................................... 572

Raúl Orihuela-Rivero.............................................. 547, 798

Rafael Molina-Venegas........................................ 202, 481

Raúl Rivera García..............................................................754

Rafael Navarro-Cerrilo....................................................609

Raúl Sánchez Garcia.........................................................623

Rafael Pereira.........................................................................234

Ray Mims...................................................................................699

Rabia Sagan................................................................ 537, 820

Raquel Benavides............................................................... 273

Rachel Cohen.........................................................................814

Raquel González.........................................................210, 222

Rachel N. Walstead............................................................320

Raquel Pino-Bodas............................................................796

Radka Sudová........................................................................ 124

Raquel Viso.................................................................................101

Radvile Rimgaile-Voicik.....................................................25

Rashad A. Salimov.....................210, 469, 701-702, 806

Rafaela P. Camargo..........................................................445

Raúl de la Mata......................................................................198

Rafael Felipe de Almeida.........................100, 487-488,

Raúl E. Alcalá........................................................................... 134

Rafael G. Albadalejo........................... 421, 534, 572, 797

Raúl Lois...................................................................................... 150

Rafaella Munhoz..................................................................467

Raúl Ochoa-Hueso....................................................105, 817

Rafael Medina...............................115, 285, 727-728, 783

Raul Puente-Martinez....................................................... 822

Rafael Moreno-Domínguez...........................................619

Raúl Sánchez Francés......................................................803

Rafael P. Albuquerque..................................................... 378

Rayko Halitschke.....................................................................90
Ray Ming....................................................................................504

874

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Raymond M. Harley............................................................564

Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa......................................................464

Raymundo Hernández....................................................385

Riccardo Motti........................................................................377

Raymond Umazekabiri....................................................304

Ricardo Rivera-Martínez...................................................371

Razmik Papikyan..................................................................343

Richard Bačák..........................................................................42

Reale Lara.................................................................................. 193

Richard Burke.........................................................................432

Rebeca Díez-Antolínez....................................................209

Richard C. Winkworth.......................................................452

Rebeca Salas-Sánchez....................................................371

Richard G.J. Hodel...............................................................500

Rebecca Boden....................................................................... 72

Richard I. Milne....................................................................... 719

Rebecca Hilgenhof..................................................248, 647

Richard W. McCombie.....................................................576

Rebecca N. Lewis.................................................................539

Rich Burkmar..........................................................................350

Reda iršėnaitė........................................................................ 531

Riho Mikami....................................................................791, 794

Reeb Catherine........................................................................113

Riina Ricarda..........................................................................695

Reed J. Kenny.......................................................................... 621

Rik Lievers.....................................................................................47

Regina Berjano....................................................................... 291

Riley Fortier............................................................................... 201

Remko Offringa...................................................................... 613

Rimjhim Roy Choudhury................................................604

Renan K. Hollunder.............................................................265

Rishav Ray...................................................................................90

Renan R. Ribeiro.................................................................... 770

Risto Virtanen............................................................................ 73

Renata Carvalho.................................................................832

Rita Bethancourt.................................................................... 181

Renata Custerevska.............................................................151

Rita García-Seoane.................................................. 101, 603

Renata M. S. A. Meira............................................... 219, 256

R. N. Kulloli.................................................................................358

Renata de T. Capelão......................................................389

R. Miszczak................................................................................600

Renata P. Amélia..................................................................580

Roanne Benesisto Romeroso......................................557

Renata Piwowarczyk.........................................................200

Roanne B. Romeroso...........................................................317

Renata Souza..............................................................234-235

Rob D. Smissen...................................................................... 677

Renato Goldenberg.............................................................717

Roberta Filepová.................................................................. 227

Renato Gondenberg.............................................................61

Roberta Gargiulo........................................................197, 352

Renato Otárola.....................................................................662

Robert F. C. Naczi........................................................ 183, 777

Renato Valencia.......................................................200, 407

Robert Hasterok..................................................................... 193

René Araúz...............................................................................588

Robert Horvath......................................................................788

Renée H. Fortunato..................................................553, 657

Robert K. Jansen..................................................................439

René Monzalvo......................................................................754

Roberto Baptista Pereira Almeida............................ 621

René Pierre............................................................................... 477

Roberto Canullo................................................................... 274

Ren-Gang Zhang................................................................504

Roberto Costantino............................................................ 157

Renerio P. Gentallan Jr................................... 44, 173, 366

Roberto Contreras...................................................278, 644

Renske E. Onstein........................................................ 103, 166

Roberto Gamarra Gamarra.........................................694

Revuelto Jesús...................................................................... 477

Roberto Iannuzzi.......................................................................81

Reyes-Chilpa R.................................................................... 664

Roberto Kiesling......................................................................79

Reyes Mora...................................................................332, 546

Roberto Lourenço Esteves.................................................61

Reyjane P. Oliveira........ 280, 489, 491, 569, 720, 769

Roberto Meyer.......................................................................234

Reynalda Roldán...................................................... 232, 400

Roberto Resendes.................................................... 309, 729

Reza Haghi...............................................................................498

Roberto Salomón................................................................595

R.F.A. Brewer............................................................................766

Roberto Sáyago-Lorenzana........................................597

Rhiannon Smith.......................................................................20

Roberto Zeferino Leandro..............................................482

R.H.J. Erkens.................................................................448-449

Robert Paxton.........................................................................304

Riadh Moulaï...........................................................................547

Robert Rauschkolb.............................................................304

Ricarda Riina......................................... 256, 693-697, 777

Robert W. Scotland............................................................. 672

Ricarda Scheiner.................................................................300

Robin Dekker...........................................................................708

Ricardo Amils............................................................... 412, 557

Robin G. Allaby......................................................................365

Ricardo Azevedo......................................................... 581, 815

Robin Matz..................................................................................731

Ricardo Garilleti.................... 35, 362, 411, 461, 533, 552

Robin Schulz............................................................................ 257

Ricardo Mir...............................................................................599

Rob Smissen...........................................................................540

Ricardo Perdiz...........................................................................89

Robyn C. Cowan................................................................... 139

875

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Rocío Cortés-B....................................................................... 174

Roselle E. Madayag................................................... 44, 366

Rocío González Negrín...........................................546, 819

Rosina Magaña Ugarte...................................................404

Rocío Deanna............................................................646-648

Rosendo Hijar-Jiménez.......................................................18

Rocío Gutiérrez-Escobar................................................. 105

Rosina Soler...................................................................275, 762

Rocío Hernández-Clemente.......................................544

Ross A. McCauley................................................................639

Rocío Juan...............................................................................534

Rossana Paredes................................................................308

Rocío López-Orozco.............................................................62

Rossi Graziano........................................................................416

Rocío Peña García..............................................................476

Roswitha Schmickl........................................... 91, 329, 626

Rocio Pérez Barrales...........................195, 269, 272, 800

Roxana Ghergheluca.......................................................259

Rocío Ruiz Mata............................................................60, 472

Roy E. Gereau......................................................................... 372

Rod Fensham.........................................................................498

Roy Mackenzie.................................................................. 34, 73

Rodolfo de Paula Oliveira..............................................348

Rozzi R.......................................................................................... 762

Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez...........................................................576

R. Ruiz-Checa............................................................................23

Rodrigo Bernal.......................................................................769

Ruan van Mazijk.................................................................... 622

Rodrigo de Macêdo Mello.............................................348

Rubén Abad Calderón........................................... 143, 828

Rodrigo Nicolao....................................................................649

Ruben H. Heleno.................................................................... 451

Rodrigo Mortari...................................................................... 401

Rubén G. Mateo.......................428, 655, 657, 659-660

Rogelio Sánchez Villegas................................................ 153

Ruben J. Arancibia Gonzales........................................212

Roger Butlin............................................................................. 770

Ruben Martín-Blazquez.................................................... 104

Rogier van Vugt....................................................................524

Rubén Martín Sánchez......................................................165

Roi Carballal...........................................................................485

Rúben M. C. Rego...................................................... 309, 729

Rokiman Letsara.........................................................677, 681

Rubén Pérez González......................................................458

Rojas-Chávez S....................................................................235

Rubén Milla.....................................................................266, 271

Roman Ufimov...........................................................................91

Rubén Ramírez-Rodríguez................................. 663, 767

Romeo Di Pietro..................................................................... 415

Ruben Sancho........................................................................ 193

Ronald Koes.............................................................................518

Rubens Queiroz.......................................................................712

Roosmarijn Hoekstra........................................................708

Rubén Torices......................................................................... 431

Rosa A. Scherson.................................................................676

Rubén Vázquez................................................................ 71, 127

Rosa Degen............................................................................. 226

Rubén Villares........................................................................603

Rosa Febles.............................................................................308

Ruby E. Stephens................................................................. 270

Rosalinda Aybar-Batista........................................123, 192

Rudi Cruz...................................................................................475

Rosalía Piñeiro Portela................................333, 625, 627

Rucha D Sarwade...............................................................432

Rosa L. Scaramuzzino........................................................418

Rudolph Valentino A. Docot.........................................508

Rosa Mateos Escobar.......................................................643

Rudy A. Diaz.............................................................................. 174

Rosa M. Chefaoui................................................................ 397

Ruifang An.................................................................................189

Rosa M. Ros..................................................................... 146, 148

Ruiting Ju..................................................................................263

Rosa M. Valencia Barrera...........................60, 307, 680

Ruiz-Cano S................................................................................26

Rosana G. R. das Dôres.................................................... 219

Ruka Nakajima...................................................................... 739

Rosana López............................................................. 584, 595

Rumsaïs Blatrix.........................................................................86

Rosana Maria Pereira Rocha....................................... 297

Ruonan Wang............................................................. 756-757

Rosana Rodrigues..............................................................745

Rupali N. Chougule.............................................................336

Rosana Y. Gutiérrez A.........................................................721

Rupali R. Taur.............................................................................88

Rosa Pérez-Badia...................................................................59

Russell L. Barrett..................................................................... 139

Rosa Ramirez-Castillo.....................................................284

Rūta Katrīna Berga.............................................................706

Rosa Ranalli.............................................................................. 157

Ruth Del-Prado.....................................................................462

Rosario G. Gavilán..............................................................404

Ruth Martín..............................................................................552

Rosario R. Rubite........................................................ 126, 506

Rut Sánchez de Dios..........................................................480

Rosario Saravia..................................................................... 473

Rut Sánchez-de Dios........................................................758

Rosa Victoria Molina.............................................................18

Ryan A. Folk......................................................................186, 281

Rosche C. B.....................................................................331, 748

Ryan Folk................................................................................... 282

Roseli Lopes da Costa Bortoluzzi..............................505

Rykkar Jackson........................................................................90

Rose L. Andrew..............................................................20, 556

Ryan McIntyre...........................................................................97876

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Ryo Furumoto...........................................................................317

Samyra G. Furtado.............................................................348

Ryo Suda...................................................................................335

Sandeep Chakraborty..................................................... 376

Ryohei Terauchi....................................................................440

Sánchez-Jardón L......................................................142, 762

Ryuya Hirashima................................................................... 116

Sandev Dubravka...............................................................829

S

Sandra Cvejić........................................................................595

Saba Rokni...............................................................................828

Sandra Grünig.......................................................................604

Sandra Gómez Acevedo................................................ 279
Sandra Idrogo.......................................................................529

Sabiha Esra Sönmez..........................................................419

Sandra Ikauniece................................................................706

Sabina F. Hajiyeva.............................................................. 702

Sandra Knapp.................................................. 248, 461, 647

Sabine von Mering.................................................... 160, 620

Sandra Lobato-Pérez.......................................................209

Sabitha Sakkir........................................................................ 233

Sabrine Bousselmi.................................................................45

Sandra Luz Gómez Acevedo........................................818

Sachiko Horie......................................................................... 252

Sandra Navas Sastre........................................................480

Sandra Maria Carmello-Guerreiro.........................833

Sachihiro Matsunaga....................................................... 738

Sandra Reinales....................................................................166

Sachiko Nishida....................................................................255

Sandra Turbay.........................................................................211

Sachin Bhaskar.....................................................................300

Sandrine Godefroid................................................346, 533

Saddam Saqib...................................................................... 767

Sandro Bogdanović............................360, 417, 420, 457

Safiye E. Sarper........................................................................33

Saneeva George..................................................................464

Sahr Mian..................................................................................436
Sahut Chantanaorrapint........................................ 115, 313

Sangho Choi................................................................. 217, 499

Sajad Alipour..................................................... 350, 392, 641

Sangmi Eum.............................................................................217

Sangjin Jo.................................................................................499

Sailee S. Raut..........................................................................565

Sang Min Kim.......................................................................... 613

Sakshi Arora.............................................................................814

Sangtae Kim........................................................ 151, 430, 722

Salama Al Mansoori.......................................................... 233

Sanita Putna...........................................................................706

Salariato Diego L..................................................................682

Sanja Kovačić...........................................................................52

Salete Gaziola.........................................................................581

Sanjay R. Biradar.................................................................. 224

Salma Balazadeh................................................................. 613

Sanna Huttunen................................................ 73, 363, 368

Salma K. Shaltout................................................................542

Sanny Siqueira.......................................................................816

Salvador Arenas-Castro................................................395
Salvador Arias.......................................................................240

Santhosh Nampy..................................................................717

Salvatore Cozzolino............................................................ 241

Santiago Andrés-Sánchez.......................675, 677, 681

Santiago-Alvarado M...................................................... 664

Salvador Garibay................................................................. 813

Santiago C. González-Martínez................................. 332

Salvatore Tomasello.........................................................835

Santiago Donat-Caerols............................................... 273

Salvia García-Álvarez...............................................141-142

Santiago Martín Bravo.........................152-153, 481, 777

Samaneh Mosaferi............................................................. 357

Santiago Ortiz........................................................................485

Samantha Bazan...................................................................88

Santiago Sardinero Roscales...................................... 107

Samantha Frangos............................................................576

Santiago Vilanova............................248, 435, 648-650

Samantha Jones.................................................................434

Santos Miguel Niño............................................................. 218

Sam F. Brockington............................................................ 242
Sami Dhouib............................................................................801

Sara A. Neumann................................................................. 821

Sammy Boussiba................................................................740

Sara Barrios................................................................. 799-800

Sara Arantes............................................................................ 102

Sammarco Iris.......................................................................254

Samson B.M. Chimphango........................................... 437

Sara B. Lopes.......................................................................... 347

Samuel Ericksen...................................................................606

Sara del Río González.......................355, 427, 526, 551,

Samuel Minev-Benzecry................................................656

Sara Escada............................................................................583

Samuel Pinya................................................................. 37, 542

Sara G. Baer.............................................................................591

Sara Calero..............................................................................148

Samuele Pignedoli.............................................................324

565, 632, 659, 680

Samuel F. Brockington.................................244, 517, 582

Sara García-Matesanz.........................................383, 386

Samuel Novais......................................................................597

Sara González Orenga......................................... 588, 645

Samuel Pironon..................................................................... 197

Sara Gutiérrez-Cruz............................................................481

Samuel Starko.......................................................................603

Sara Gutierrez-Patricio....................................................824

Samuli Lehtonen.......................................................283, 368

877

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Sara Handy..............................................................................820

Schleuning Matthias...........................................................271

Sarah E. Dalrymple.................................................. 342, 533

Scott Davidson..................................................................... 669

Sarah D. Wilson.....................................................................380

Scott Cory..................................................................................186

Sarah Gauss............................................................................ 162

Sean Hoban............................................................................264

Sarah Hunter..........................................................................439

Sean Stankowski.................................................................. 275

Sarah M. Athiê-Souza.......................................................406

Sean W. Graham.................................................................434

Sarah-Sophie-Weil............................................................768

Sebastian A. Hatt................................................................... 66

Sara Jawdy..............................................................................208

Sebastian Eves-van den Akker..................................582

Sara Laura Šarančić...............................................333-334

Sebastian Fernandez........................................................660

Sara Lopes............................................................................... 572

Sebastián Giraldo...............................................................789

Sara Lopez-Gomollon......................................................788

Sebastian Jeschke..............................................................159

Sara Magrini............................................................................ 707

Sebastián Martínez-Salazar........................................238

Sara Martín-Hernanz....................................421, 534, 797

Sebastian Nillies...................................................................835

Sara Moledor.............................................................................121

Sebastián Pita......................................................................... 421

Sara Martín-Herranz......................................................... 572

Sebastián Pardo.....................................................................67

Sara Natale..............................................................................334

Sébastien Lavergne...........................................................478

Sara Palacio....................................................................107, 521

Sebataolo Rahlao..................................................................99

Sara Núñez Meza................................................................. 226

Sebastien Mirolo..................................................................798

Sara Pinosio............................................................................ 332

Seema More............................................................................ 224

Sara R. Mortara.....................................................................348

Sefa Sönmez............................................................................419

Sara Santamarina......................................................70, 442

Selene Baez.............................................................................475

Sara Rodríguez-Arias.......................................................588

Seheno Andriantsaralaza.............................................. 391

Sara S. Domingos................................................................295

Selma R. de Paiva................................................................402

Sara S. Pedraza Narváez................................................ 397

Sema Basbag.............................................................426, 444

Sara Tena Medina..............................................................530

Semakaleng Mpai................................................................601

Sarath Paremmal................................................................... 22

Seni K. Senjaya......................................................................509

Sara Villén-Pérez.......................................................164, 665

Seong-Hoon Kim...........................................................48-49

Sarghini L......................................................................................26

Seppe De Mits...........................................................................47

Sarika V. Lokhande............................................................. 224

Serafín Olías-Valencia....................................................534

S. Aristidou................................................................................448

Serge D. Muller........................................................................801

Saroji Barik................................................................................ 314

Sergei L. Mosyakin................................................................777

Saroj Koirala............................................................................566

Serges V. Mtemching Djomo........................................ 133

Saroj Ruchisansakun..........85, 276, 523, 567-568, 754

Sergey V. Dudov................................................................... 370

Sarthou C..................................................................................439

Sergey V. Smirnov...............................................................785

Saša Bogdan...........................................................................614

Sergi Munné-Bosch...........................................................289

Saša Stefanovic...................................................................828

Sergio A. Fuentes Agueda..................................243, 586

Saswata Dey...........................................................................582

Sergio Álvarez-Pérez......................................................... 287

Satish C. Garkoti......................................................... 156, 746

Sergio Bustamante............................................................259

Satishkumar M Khadia.................................................... 224

Sergio Díaz-Infante............................................................597

Sato Hiroki....................................................................................68

Sergio Estay.............................................................................662

Satoshi Kakishima............................. 255, 303, 335, 834

Sergio G. Nebauer...................................................................18

Satoshi Nanami............................................................ 22, 730

Sergio González....................................................................657

Saúl Blanco......................................................................101, 427

Sergio Núñez..............................................................................89

Saúl Blanco Lanza............................................................... 427

Sergio Nuñez-Castillo........................................................271

Saule Abugalieva..................................................... 507, 724

Sergio Ortu...............................................................................545

Saúl Hernández-Carmona............................................ 813

SergioPérez-Ortega...........................................................796

Saulo Pireda............................................................................580

Sergio Quevedo-Caraballo......................................... 287

Saúl Manzano Rodríguez..........................402, 404, 777

Sergio Pérez-Ortega.............................................. 326, 795

Savaliram G. Ghane..........................................................230

Sergio Rodríguez-Fernández......................................209

Saverio Sciandrello............................................................ 707

Serhii Mykhailyk..................................................................... 193

Sawita Yooprasert............................................................... 154

Serrano-Dirvas D. L.............................................................235

Sayed Tahir Shah................................................................ 573

Serrano-Zulueta R..............................................................266

878

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Seth Musker.............................................................................349

Silvana Martén-Rodríguez.................................597, 606

Seung-Chul Kim...........................................................176, 314

Silvano Lodetti..........................................................................78

Shahin Zarre............................................................................636

Silvia Assini.............................................................................. 707

S.F. Brockington...................................................................... 517

Silvia Alvarez Clare.............................................................386

Shah M. A...................................................................................748

Silvia Assolari............................................................................46

Shahrokh Kazempour-Osaloo...................................440

Silvia C. Arroyo-Leuenberguer....................................418

Shailendra Kumar...............................................................746

Silvia Castro................................................................................41

Shakira Shaik................................................................ 233, 610

Sílvia Garriga................................................................ 163, 756

Shailesh Pandey.......................................................539, 555

Sílvia Castro......................................................290, 346-347

Shalini Dhyani.........................................................................156

Silvia Macis..............................................................................269

Shani A........................................................................................ 725

Silvia Manrique................................................ 435, 648, 701

Shan Kothari..............................................................................90

Silvia Matesanz............................................................. 89, 273

Shantanu Y. Chavan............................................................88

Silvia Parenzan...................................................................... 322

Sharelys M. Montes-Jiménez.............................. 121, 228

Silvia Ulrich...............................................................................833

Shau-Fu Li.................................................................................... 27

Silvia Villegas-Navarro....................................................393

Shehla Gümüş........................................................................ 412

Sílvia Ysamat........................................................................... 210

Sheila Galindo-Ortiz..............................................................111

Silvia Zumaya-Mendoza................................................468

Shengdan Wu.........................................................................441

Simone A. Vieira....................................................................... 31

Shelley A. James..................................................................493

Sim-Hee Han.............................................................................49

Shengrui Yao..........................................................................248

Simone Cartaxo-Pinto.........................................................61

Shengyu Wang.....................................................................263

Simone De Santis................................................................395

Shigeki Moriya....................................................................... 522

Simone F. da Silva...............................................................340

Shihao Su..................................................................................450

Simone Flaminio................................................................... 157

Shi-Long Yang........................................................................ 129

Simone Ghassempour.................................................... 322

Shin-Ichi Morinaga............................................................335

Simone Orsenigo......................................................... 45, 707

Shivram Khadke......................................................................511

Simone P. Teixeira..................................................... 309, 321

Shizue Yoshihara.................................................................... 22

Simonetta Bagella.............................................................. 707

Shizuka Fuse............................................................................ 154

Simone Valeri......................................................................... 763

Shizuka Tsuneki.....................................................................258

Simon Orford.......................................................................... 573

Shook Ling................................................................................ 732

Simon Verlynde....................................................................302

Shogo Kawamura...............................................................320

Simon Taugourdeau............................................................88

Shosei Kubota........................................................................335

Simon Y.W. Ho........................................................................ 437

Shou Kusano............................................................................ 791

Sinan Gürlek.................................................................262, 666

Shrirang R. Yadav...................................................... 143, 336

Siobhan Leachman............................................................160

Shreedhar S. Otari...............................................................230

Sinzinando Albuquerque-Lima....................... 296, 714

Shuhei Matsuyama..............................................................731

Siri Birkeland...........................................................................765

Shuichiro Tagane................................................. 68, 82, 317

Siri Fjellheim............................................................................. 361

Shui-Hu Jin..............................................................................500

Sirli Leython Chacón.........................................................404

Shuji Shigenobu...................................................................320

Sırrı Yüzbaşıoğlu...................................................................626

Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh........................................... 811

Sissi Lozada-Gobilard..................................261, 288, 793

Shun K Hirota..........................................................................553

Siyun Chen.................................................................................713

Shunsuke Serizawa............................................................258

Si-Yu Xie.....................................................................................500

Shuntaro Watanabe..........................................................277

Sjors Kleuskens...................................................................... 132

Shuqing Xu................................................................................ 241

Sławomir Borek......................................................................615

Shusei Sato.............................................................................. 327

Sławomir Nowak.....................................................................53

Shuvadeep Majumdar.......................................................113

Slobodan Jovanović......................................................... 747

Shyryn Almerekova................................................. 507, 724

Šmarda Petr.............................................................................416

Shyamali Roy.........................................................................828

Slobodanka Pajević...........................................................575

Sidra Tul Muntaha................................................................601

Sneider Rojas Mora...............................................................211

Sih-Chen Yu............................................................................200Snežana Jarić........................................................................324

Silva-Arias GA........................................................................486Snežana Vukojičić............................................................... 747

Silva Gonzalo..........................................................................832

Soe Thaw Thaw Htun........................................................566

879

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Sofia Albesiano........................................................................79

Stanislav Španiel.................................................................. 100

Sofía Carmona Bellón.............................................145-146

Stefania Caparrotta..........................................................589

Sofía Albesiano...................................................................... 128

Starri Heidmarsson............................................................795

Sofia Duarte-Coimbra.....................................................485

Stefanie Ickert-Bond.......................................................... 451

Sofia Nilsson.............................................................................169

Stefanie J. Müller-Schüssele....................................... 252

Sofia Spormann..................................................................... 611

Stefanie Rosa.........................................................................240

Sofia R. Prokopchuk................................................. 203, 370

Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond............................... 127, 323, 704

Sofie Meeus............................................................................. 723

Stefan Löfstrand...................................................................833

Sofya D. Koblova..................................................................293

Stefan Mayr................................................................................76

Soliman A. Haroun..............................................................542

Stefano Mancuso................................................................589

Soichiro Nagano.....................................................................58

Stefano Mammola..............................................................661

Solofo Rakotoarisoa........................................................... 351

Stefano Mazzoleni................................................................377

Sona Galstyan...........................................................................51

Stefano Mileto......................................................................... 741

Song Ge...................................................................................... 331

Stefan Prodic..........................................................................432

Sònia Garcia...................................................................67, 628

Stephan Beck.........................................................................420

Sónia C. S. Andrade.......................................................... 466

Stef van Walsum.................................................................. 133

Sonia Hernando...................................................................809

Stéphane Bazot..................................................................... 126

Sonia Kadyan......................................................................... 267

Stephano Andriamiadana............................................. 391

Sonia Molino............................................... 24, 127, 285, 783

Stephan Scholz.....................................................................798

Sonia Perfecto Arribas..................................................... 733

Stephen A. Smith........................................................ 134, 186

Sonia Rojas...............................................232, 400, 784, 813

Stephen Cavers.................................................................... 332

Sonia Rosenfeldt...................................................................418

Stephen Mifsud...................................................................... 410

Sonia Tobar.............................................................................407

Stephen P DiFazio................................................................630

Sonia Trujillo-Argueta.............................................631, 730

Steven Delean.......................................................................598

Soon-Ziet Chen.....................................................................590

Steven Jones..........................................................................434

Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev.......................................................624

Steven Dodsworth....................................................514, 800

Soo-Rang Lee................................................................96, 336

Steven Manchester............................................................454

Sophie C. Newmarch........................................................452

Stuart Cable............................................................................799

Sophie Karrenberg..................................................263, 503

Stuessy Tod F..........................................................................682

Soraya Pelaz...........................................................................830

Subbaiah Mechanda...........................................................90

Sophie Nadot.........................................................................633

Suat Daskin..............................................................................444

Sosuke Ishii.............................................................................. 738

Subir Bera................................................................................... 811

Sota Fujii....................................................................................254

Sudipa Das.................................................................................. 31

Sourav Mukherjee...............................................................432

Sue Zmarzty............................................................................697

Špela Pungaršek..................................................................334

Suhua Shi..................................................................................465

Spencer C.H. Barrett..........................................................294

Su-Jeong Han....................................................................... 722

Spencer C. H. Barrett.........................................................295

Suman Neupane.................................................................. 153

Spyridon Oikonomidis.......................................................641

Sun Hee Lee.............................................................................. 140

S. Prieto-Benítez......................................................................23

Sungyu Yang..........................................................................467

Spyros Tsiftsis..................................................................110, 510

Sunojkumar P...........................................................................221

Squeo F....................................................................................... 762

Supajit Sraphet......................................................... 567-568

S. Raghu..................................................................................... 742

Supakan Simachai.....................................................85, 523

Sreekumar VB........................................................................... 22

Supaporn Rodpradit............................................. 567-568

Sreya R. Parbat........................................................................ 811

Sureshkumar Balasubramanian..............................432

Sridevi Sureshkumar.........................................................432

Susana Arango Carvajal...............................................408

Srividya Ramakrishnan...................................................248

Susana Cámara Leret......................................................209

S.S. Dash.....................................................................................700

Susana E. Freire.......................................................... 420, 677

Ssu-Han Chiu.......................................................................... 301

Susana Favela-Lara.......................................................... 276

S. Surveswaran......................................................................358

Susana López-Torralba..................................................675

Stacy Endriss..........................................................................263

Susana Vega.............................................................................24

Stafannie Nilla Anak Marshall Rio............................453

Susan Fawcett....................................................................... 738

Stanislav Kostiuk......................................................................41

Susan Murch............................................................................ 319

880

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Susanne Bein........................................................................... 102

Talys Oliveira........................................................................... 102

Susanne Dunker................................................................... 375

Tamaki Matsumoto.............................................................731

Susanne Suvanto................................................................665

Tamara Pastori...................................................................... 361

Susanne S. Renner............................................................... 174

Tamara M. Matos................................................................363

Susanne Walden.................................................................. 125

Tamara Rakić............................................................. 204-205

Susan R. Strickler..................................................................525

Tamara Villaverde...............................................................481

Susnata Salony.....................................................................628

Tamar Keasar........................................................................ 827

Su Yingjuan..............................................................................829

Tamiris D. D. Lima................................................................263

Suzana Alcantara............................................................... 774

Tammy L. Elliott..................................................................... 622

Suzette Flantua........................................................................78

Tania C. Gilbert.....................................................................342

Suzuka Kikuchi............................................................ 738-739

Tania Escalante............................................... 134, 398, 563

Sven Buerki...............................................................................166

Tania Hernández-Hernández......................................158

Sven P. Batke..........................................................................348

Tânia M. Moura..................................................................... 637

Swapnil M. Khare................................................................. 225

Tânia R. S. Silva........................................................... 490-491

Swe Swe Aye.............................................................................217

Tanja Ratilainen...................................................................368

Syadwina H. Dalimunthe................................................698

T Anju..............................................................................................87

Sylvain Aubry........................................................................... 162

Tanti B..........................................................................................343

Sylvain Delzon......................................................................... 613

Tan Yun-Hong.......................................................................505

Sylvain Glémin.......................................................................765

Tao Chen.................................................................................... 314

Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison...............391, 677, 681

Tao Deng....................................................................................166

Sylwia Wierzcholska..........................................................662

Tao Fujiwara...................................................................30, 553

Syo Ikeyatsu............................................................................254

Tao Ma........................................................................................630

T

Tara Hopley............................................................................. 742

Szymon Stefaniak................................................................615

Taqdees.....................................................................................575
Tarawally Marian.................................................................. 218

Tariq Stévart...........................................................................302

Tae-Young Choi...........................................................96, 336

Tahiana Andriaharimalala............................................ 391

Taro Nikaido.............................................................................615

Tahir Samigullin....................................................................440

Tatiana Rondon....................................................................589

Tatiana Kramina..................................................................440

Tahir H. Samigullin..............................................................785

Tatiana Tavares Carrijo......................................................61

Taibo Liang..............................................................................593

Tatiana T. Carrijo.................................................................265

Taichi Ikematsu....................................................................460

Tatiana Teixeira de Souza Chies..............................250

Taiga Maenosono............................................................... 257

Tatiana Trifonova................................................................ 322

Taiki Kaneguchi...................................................................... 116

Tatiana T. Souza-Chies..........................................192, 822

Tainah Eduarda B. Carneiro.........................................607

Tatjana Anđelković.................................................204, 804

Tainá Rocha............................................................................390

Tatyana Erst............................................................................ 782

Taishi Kodama...................................................................... 730

Tayyaba Khalil...............................................................92, 575

Taiwo A. Alakinde-Adenegan..................................... 229
Tajamul Islam......................................................................... 315

Ted C. J. Turlings..................................................................749

Takahiro Matsunaga..........................................................731

Tejero Pablo............................................................................ 477

Tejero P.......................................................................................496

Takafumi Miyashita........................................................... 739

Teresa Garnatje...............................................210, 222, 443

Takahiro Yoshida....................................................................311

Teresa Goicolea...................................................................657

Takanori Kuronuma........................................................... 257

Teresa Mejia-Saulés.......................................................... 719

Takashi Shimamura..........................................................602

Teresa Rosa Galise.............................................................. 241

Takashi Tsuchimatsu....................... 254, 257, 327, 335

Teresa Terrazas....... 117, 196, 380, 417, 464, 468, 643

Takayuki Kohchi...................................................................320

Teresa Terrazas Salgado................................... 464, 468

Takehiro Sasaki.......................................................................137
Takenori Yamamoto...........................................................317

Teresita H. Borromeo...................................... 44, 173, 366

Takuto Shitara.................................................... 137, 317, 663

Terezie Mandáková........................ 41-42, 190, 571, 604

Tereza Pušová....................................................................... 734

Takumi Higaki........................................................................ 738
Takuya Sakamoto............................................................... 738

Tetsukazu Yahara............................................82, 389, 553

Talita S. Dewes....................................................32, 527, 667

Tetsuya Higashiyama......................................................450

Tetsuo Ohi-Toma...................................................................82

Taleb Mohammed Sghir................................................830

881

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Tetsuya Matsui........................................................................137

Tiago Vilas-Boas.................................................................483

Tetsuya Matsumoto..........................................................303

Tia-Lynn Ashman................................................................. 310

Thais Alves-Silva..................................................................488

Tibor Molnar...............................................................................60

Thais Alves Silva...................................................................806

Tiana F. Rehman.....................................................................711

Thaisbel Esquivel.................................................................. 401

Tiffany Knight.........................................................................304

Thaís G. Da Silva.............................................489, 780, 784

Tiffany Vo..................................................................................528

Thaís J. Vasconcellos....................................................... 379

Tiina Särkinen..............................................................248, 647

Thais Rocha..................................................................234-235

Tiina Tosens.............................................................................. 181

Thais Síston............................................................................. 378

Tiiu Kull.........................................................................................661

Thais Vasconcelos..............................................................166

Tijana Đenader...................................................................... 415

Thales M. de Lima................................................................340

Tijs Bliek.......................................................................................518

Thales S. Coutinho..............................................................446

Tilmann Weber....................................................................... 123

Thalia Morales..........................................................................59

Tim Böhnert.............................................................................497

Thalía Morales..........................................................................62

Tim Dickinson.............................................................................91

Thalita F. S. Mendes............................................................608

Tim Harris.................................................................................. 262

Thalita Nishime........................................................................45

Tim Jeffers................................................................................576

Thanaboon Wichianrat................................................... 729

Timothée Bastide................................................................249

Thammy Mottin........................................................................81

Timmy Lacquaye.................................................................533

Thanakit Suparat................................................................. 276

Timothée Le Pechon........................................................... 391

Thanigasalam Shahirajh...............................................385

Timotheus van der Niet...................................................349

Thant Sin Aung......................................................................653

Timothy M. A. Utteridge...................................................828

Thaya Jenjittikul................................................ 85, 276, 523

Tina J. Ayers.............................................................................188

Theodora Petanidou.......................................................... 157

Tinde van Andel...........................................................128, 132

Theophanis Constantinidis........................................... 541

Ting-Chieh Chen.................................................................590

Thet Thet Mar Win.................................................................217

Ting-Shen Han....................................................................... 571

Thiago Cobra e Monteiro...............................................639

Tingshuang Yi..........................................................................713

Thiago E. C. Meneguzzo.......................................... 513-514

Ting Wang..................................................................... 756-757

Thiago F. Araújo....................................................................579

Tiziana A. Cossu......................................................................50

Thiago Mouzinho...................................................................721

T. Maroto Gimena..................................................................74

Thiago Nascimento.....................................................191, 771

T Mavhila................................................................................... 270

Thibaud Gaudry.................................................................... 321

T. Michael Anderson...........................................................186

Thien-Tam Luong................................................................363

T. N. C. Vasconcelos............................................................ 281

Thierry Aubry..........................................................................824

Tobias Salge.......................................................................... 646

Thierry Robert.........................................................................624

Todeschini Valeria................................................................ 118

Thinhinan Khedim.......................................................173, 414

Tokurou Shimizu................................................................... 522

Thilakawansha Chandrathilake............................... 742

Tojibaev Sh. Komil................................................................ 831

Thomas Abeli............................................... 46, 51, 342, 533

Tomáš Fér........................................................... 509, 572, 766

Thomas A.M. Pugh..............................................................665

Tomas Herben....................................................................... 267

Thomas Bataillon................................................................432

Tomáš Herben....................................................................... 279

Thomas Borsch...................................................................... 701

Tomás Rodríguez-Riaño.........................................111, 545

Thomas Denk..............................................................654, 833

Tomasz P. Wyka.........................................................468, 828

Thomas de Solan................................................................836

Tomasz Rewicz......................................................................754

Thomas Francisco.............................................................. 332

Tom Humphrey.....................................................................350

Thomas Haevermans......................................................508

Tomica Mišljenović................................................. 456-457

Thomas Heller........................................................................800

Tomislav Karažija.................................................................614

Thomas J. Givnish...............................................................525

Tomoha Tanaka...................................................................320

Thomas L. O’Halloran........................................................206

Tomoko Okamoto................................................................180

Thomas M. Williams...........................................................206

Tongming Yin.........................................................................630

Thomas L.P. Couvreur.......................................................705

Tom Schils..................................................................................127

Thomas Wernberg.............................................................603

Toni J. Far................................................................................... 147

Thorsten Krömer..................................................................348

Tony Heitkam............................................................................38

Tiago M. G. Pinto.................................................................. 466

To Quyen Truong.................................................................. 613

882

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Tori M. Ford...............................................................................660

V

Torsten Eriksson........................................................... 80, 499

Václav Motyka....................................................................... 227

Toru Jogaki.............................................................................. 730

Vadakkemuriyil Divya Nair...............................................87

Toshio Katsuki......................................................................... 136

Valda Baroniņa.....................................................................706

Tracey A. Ruhlman.............................................................439

Valdirene M. Gomes...............................................580, 745

Trevor Heffley..........................................................................591

Valentina L. A. Laface...........................................................97

Troy McMullin.........................................................................796

Valeria Amoretti....................................................................377

Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela.........................................43

Valeria Guzmán-Jacob..................................................348

Tsung-Chen Lee....................................................................180

Valeria Paiaro........................................................................ 792

Tsveta Ganeva............................................................ 234, 515

Valerio Lazzeri...........................................................................97

Tuna Uysal........................................................................39, 678

Validae Alizade...................................................................... 412

Turuspekov Y..........................................................................807

Valya Ganeva........................................................................ 227

Tyler Radtke.............................................................................660

van Dam N...............................................................................748

U

Vanessa Handley................................................................534

Torrescano-Valle N........................................................... 664

Václav Treml...........................................................................810

Torsten Müller.......................................................................... 119
Toshifumi Kataoka.....................................................30, 553

Vahid Farzaliyev.................................................................... 412

Touhami RZIGUI....................................................................598

Valdés-Vásquez I. F................................................235, 664

Trevis D. Huggins.................................................................248

Valdir M. Stefenon...............................................................352

Tristan Charles-Dominique............................... 139, 260

Valentina Savo.......................................................................581

Trude Schwarzacher..........................................................737

Valeria Fochi........................................................................... 307

Tsukiya Kubo.......................................................................... 730

Valeria Lemus Castillo............................................104-105

Tsutomu Enoki.......................................................................565

Valerie Pence.......................................................................... 170

Tuany Siqueira-Silva............................................................ 77

Valida Ali-zade........................................................... 210, 806

Turchetto C..............................................................................486

Valquíria F. Dutra....................................................................53

Twan Rutten............................................................................248

Valya Vassileva.................................................................... 227

Vandrot H..................................................................................439

Uche J. Anieke........................................................................640

Vanessa Lozano............................................. 63, 67-68, 97

Udhaya Ponraj........................................................................ 241

Vania Gonçalves-Esteves.................................................61

Ui-Chan Jung......................................................................... 176

Vania Jiménez Lobato.................................251, 253, 323

Ulises Rosas................................................................... 106, 246

Vânia R. Pivello......................................................................249

Ulkar E. Ibrahimzada......................................................... 702

Varsha Jadhav............................................................143, 224

Ülo Niinemets................................................................ 181, 364

V. Bermejo-Bermejo.............................................................23

Umberto Mossetti................................................................. 157

Veenapani Dubey.................................................................217

Uniyal P.L.......................................................................................33

Vemula Chandra Kaladhar........................................... 821

Uroš Aleksić................................................................. 204-205

Vera Stanković...................................................................... 747

Urszula Zajączkowska...........................................448, 743

Veronica Angyalossy....................................................... 466

Urtubey Estrella.....................................................................682

Verónica Cruz-Alonso.......................................................164

Uthe H..........................................................................................748

Veronica M. Sondervan...................................................576

Uvis Suško.................................................................................706

Verónica Sandoya.................................................................67

Udayangani Liu........................................................................50

Vanessa P. C. Oliveira....................................................... 527

U. Göransson..........................................................................600

Vania Gonçalves Lourenço-Esteves..........................61

Ulf Schiefelbein..........................................................795-796

Vania N. Yoshikawa.................................... 444-445, 447

Ulises R. Zambrano.............................................................605

Vania Torrez............................................................................ 473

Ulla Kaasalainen........................................................327, 587

Vasconcelos T.......................................................................239

Umapathy Senthilkumar................................................. 831

Vedran Šegota.......................................................................149

Umit Incekara........................................................................820

Velina Chingarova.............................................................596

Urbina Angélica....................................................................832

Vera Kostikova...................................................................... 782

Uroš Gašić......................................................................227, 678

Vera Vale.......................................................................234-235

Urte Schlüter...........................................................................394

Verónica Bolón Canedo................................................. 333

Usue Pérez López.................................................................586

Veronica De Micco..............................................................377

Utkarsha M. Lekhak.............................................................565

Verónica Pérez......................................................................548

883

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Verônica Thode....................................................................250

Vishal P Patil............................................................................ 224

Vicenta de la Fuente............................................... 412, 557

Visotheary Ung.....................................................................807

V.F. Mansano........................................................................... 162

Vishnu Mohan..........................................................................717

Vicente Calfo..........................................................................389

Vita Džekčioriūtė................................................................... 531

Víctor Alfonso Mondragón Valencia..............161, 476

Vitasovic Kosic Ivana........................................................829

Victor Ardiles..........................................................................205

Vítězslav Plášek...............................................................71, 149

Víctor Bello-Rodríguez.....................................................653

Vitor Hugo dos Santos Gomes Maia....................... 251

Victor Fabio Luna Mora................................................... 226

Viviana Araus.........................................................................576

Victor Garcia Balderas....................................................386

Viviana Martins....................................................................... 611

Víctor González-García..............................481, 747, 759

Vladan Djordjević.........................................................110, 510

Victor Hugo Monzón..........................................................306

Vladimir Flores Benavides....................................104-105

Víctor Hugo Ramírez-Delgado...................................749

Vladimir M. Vasjukov......................................................... 703

Victoria E. Martín Osorio.......................................... 95, 797

Vladimir Stevanović........................................................... 510

Victoria Eugenia Martín Osorio.............. 546, 551, 819

Vojtech Cermak...................................................................788

Victoria Fernández..............................................................772

Vojtěch Zeisek......................................................................... 571

Victoria Marquez..................................................................606

Volker Bittrich.............................................................. 290, 297

Victoria Sánchez-Giner........................................ 422, 526

Volker Wenzel.........................................................................529

Victoria Sosa..........................................................................638

Vonjison Rakotoarimanana..........................................185

Víctor Lecegui-Carnero................................................. 669

V. Simón-Porcar....................................................................815

Víctor Parra-Tabla.............................................................. 272

Vugar Karimov....................................................................... 412

Víctor Pérez-Calle...............................................................567
Victor Rossi....................................................................305, 519

W

Victor V. Chepinoga..........................................................785

Vidal F. Mansano..................................................... 638-639

Walef D. Vieira........................................................................470

Vidaller Ixeia............................................................................ 477

Walter S. Judd......................................................................... 134
Wanessa V. S. M. Batista......................................... 32, 667

Viktória Tóth...............................................................................99

Wang Ting................................................................................829

Viktoria Vladimirova.......................................................... 229

Wang Zhen..............................................................................829

Viktoriia Skliar.........................................................................570

Wan-Jin Liao........................................................................... 501

Villaseñor J.L.......................................................................... 664

Wataru Noyori...........................................................................68

Viktor Isanbaev..................................................................... 739

Warren Cardinal-McTeague..........................................90

Villaverde T..............................................................................496

Wataru Ohnishi.....................................................................389

Vinay M. Raole..............................................................230, 710

Watchara Arthan................................................................ 357

Vinay Shankar..........................................................................35

Weihan Zhao..........................................................................263

Vincent Droissart.................................................................302

Weinhold A...............................................................................748

Vincent Merckx..............................................................85, 523

WeiWang................................................................................... 782

Vincent Savolainen............................................................ 770

Wei Wang.................................................................................674

Vinciane Mossion................................................................503

Wei Yuan...................................................................................263

Vinicius G. Brito........................................................................311

Wei-Yu Hsieh..........................................................................590

Vinicius L. Denardi...............................................................353

Wei Zhao....................................................................................484

Vinicius L. G. Brito.................................................................560

Wen-Bin Yu..............................................................................506

Vinita Gowda...........................................................................777

Wenbo Liao................................................................... 756-757

Vinod B. Shimpale...............................................................828

Wendel JF.................................................................................786

Viola Alessandrini...............................................................740

Wendy A. Mustaqim............................................................137

Violeta I. Simón-Porcar................................................... 202

Wendy L. Applequist..........................................................560

Violeta Patiño-Conde...................................................... 323

Wen Guo....................................................................................574

Violeta Simón-Porcar.......................................................629

WenjianSong.......................................................................... 247

Virgile Noble............................................................................. 410

Wen-Jing Wang...................................................................574

Virginia Baraja.......................................................................649

Wen-Ju Yang.........................................................................590

Virginia Valcárcel........................................... 259, 428, 481

Wenlong Chen......................................................................... 77

Virginia Zanni......................................................................... 322

Wenlu Yang.............................................................................630

Virginie Marchand............................................................... 821

Wen-Na Ding...........................................................................166

Viruel J........................................................................................496

Wen-Qi Dong.......................................................................... 129

884

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Wesller S. Paiva.....................................................................607

Xuan Zhou................................................................................450

William Baker............................................................... 103, 697

Xueyang Min............................................................................ 318

Wijeratne I.L............................................................................. 537

Xue-Jun Ge.............................................................................474

William Errickson................................................................... 120

Xun Tang...................................................................................259

William Farfán........................................................................475

Y

William J. Baker.....................................................................828
William N. Weaver................................................................ 134

Yadi Guo....................................................................................593

Williane A.S. Oliveira...........................................................582

Yago Plata................................................................................756

W. John Kress..............................................................509, 572

Yahud Bin Wat.......................................................................453

William S. Alverson..................................................444, 447

Yadvinder Malhi...................................................................475

Winai Sangkaew...................................................... 567-568

Ya-Huang Luo......................................................................... 719

Wojciech Adamowski........................................................ 318

Yairelys Rosa-Morales.............................................. 121, 192

Wolf Eiserhardt......................................................................283

Yalbeiry Labarca-Rojas..................................................544

Wolf H. Wildpret Martín........95, 546, 551, 768, 797, 819

Ya-Long Guo..........................................................................432

Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre.................95, 546, 551,

Yalong Xu.....................................................................................29

797, 819

Yamit Bar-Lev......................................................................... 261

Wong Sin Yeng......................................................................570

Yáñez Arenas C.A............................................................... 664

Wouter Addink........................................................................772

Yanghoon Cho.........................................................................151

Wuu Kuang Soh....................................................................366

Yang Jing..................................................................................393

X

Yang Ma..................................................................................... 247

Xavier Aubriot.............................................................249, 647

Yan Gong..................................................................................238

Yang Niu........................................................................... 516, 518

Xavier Dauvergne.................................................... 338, 578

Yang Peng................................................................................ 757

Xavier D. Quintana...............................................................801

Yang Yang.................................................................................. 191

Xavier Picó...................................................................... 198, 432

Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi...........................................260

Xavier Sanjuan......................................................................339

Yan-Jun Lin.............................................................................. 282

XiaLin...............................................................................................29

Yanling Zhang.......................................................................593

Xianchun Zhang.................................................................... 319

Yan Luo......................................................................................... 191

Xiangbo Yin................................................................... 125, 364

Yann Hautier........................................................................... 733

Xianhan Huang......................................................................166

Yannick Woudstra............................................................... 351

Xiaodong Xie...................................................................29, 616

Yann J. K. Bertrand.............................................................. 732

Xiaohua Jin............................................................................... 138

Yanqian Ding..........................................................................765

Xiao-Hua Jin..............................................................................511

Yan-Zhen Chen.......................................................................28

Xiao-Hua Lin...........................................................................500

Yaoqi Li........................................................................................593

Xiao-Juan Cheng............................................................... 282

Yaowu Xing..............................................................................478

Xiaojuan Wang Guifang Zhao.......................................30

Yao-Wu Xing................................................................ 484, 571

Xiao-Li Shen............................................................................653

Yaowu Yuan............................................................................ 792

Xiaomeng Mao.....................................................................503

Yareli Odemaris Buendía López...................................48

Xiao-Ru Wang.......................................................................484

Yaroshko Olha.......................................................................835

Xiaoxian Ruan........................................................................ 757

Yasaman Salmaki.............................................................. 702

Xiao-Xi Yang............................................................................ 501

Yasin Kaya................................................................................788

Xiao-Yong Chen................................................................... 501

Yasmin Asar............................................................................ 437

Xiao Yu Wang.......................................................................... 241

Yasmine Antonini.....................................................297, 559

Xiao Zhang.................................................................... 262, 298

Yassin M. Al-Sodany..........................................................542

Xia-Ying Ye................................................................................ 191

Yasui Yukiko.............................................................................320

Xieting Wu................................................................................834

Yatong Sang................................................................ 756-757

Ximena Baquero González...........................................476

Ya Yang....................................................................................... 216

Xin Xu............................................................................................616

Yazid Bin Kalbi........................................................................453

Xinyi Guo....................................................................................190

Y. Deng........................................................................................700

Xin Zhuang...............................................................................263

Yekaterina Shcherbakova.............................................343

Xiomara Rojo Piñeres..........................................................28

Yeni C. Barrios O.....................................................................721

Xuan-Ning Bai....................................................................... 778

Yennifer Mata-Sucre..............................................438, 622

885

XX International
Botanical
Congress
Madrid Spain

Poster presentations

Yenny González.................................................................... 226

Yui Kajita......................................................................................317

Yermagambetova M........................................................807

Yu Ito............................................................................................. 154

Yerlan Turuspekov................................................... 507, 724

Yui Saito.......................................................................................731

Yesid Alejandro Mariño-Macana.............................805

Yu-Jiao Wang.......................................................................... 191

Yessica A. López...................................................................532

Yujie Zhao.................................................................................263

Yessica Rico............................................................................436

Yuka Ishii.................................................................................... 257

Yeyson Briones-May.........................................................749

Yuka Umeya............................................................................320

Yi-Hsin Chung........................................................................590

Yukiko Saito.............................................................................. 154

Yijun Li.............................................................................................29

Yukinori Konno..........................................................................58

Yijun Qiao................................................................................... 123

Yuki Tamura............................................................................. 154

Yiling Li........................................................................................630

Yul Altolaguirre.......................................................................619

Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin....................................................246

Yu Liang....................................................................................... 501

Yingjuan Su................................................................... 756-757

Yu Liu............................................................................................502

Ying-Lan Chen......................................................................246

Yu-Long Yu................................................................................ 129

Yin-Huan Wang....................................................................502

Yumali Hewage....................................................................245

Yin Wen........................................................................................615

Yumi Green..............................................................................248

Yi Wang.......................................................................... 504, 608

Yun Ji Park................................................................................. 613

Yiying Liao.................................................................................. 314

Yun-Long Liu............................................................................. 191

Yi Zhao........................................................................................ 242

Yun-Rou Chou........................................................................591

Yi-Zhou Yang............................................................................ 191

Yu Okamura............................................................................254

Y. L. Krishnamurthy................................................................34

Yupeng Geng.......................................................................... 129

Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet........................................ 103

Yurena Arjona.............................................................. 419, 798

Yoel Aroca-Martínez.................................................. 63, 291

Yuri Gouvêa.............................................................................647

Yohann Soubeyran............................................................836

Yuri Rossine.............................................................................406

Yohan Pillon..............................................................................166

Yury Kopylov-Guskov.......................................................440

Yoira Rivera-Queralta.........................................................36

Yusuke Akita...................................................................791, 794

Yoko Nishikawa.....................................................................602

Yusuke Hoshino.................................................................... 252

Yolanda Ruiz...........................................................................393

Yutaro Fujimoto.......................................................................68

Yong-Bi Fu................................................................................543

Yu Tu.............................................................................................. 170

Yong-Ping Yang.................................................................... 154

Yuuki Osafune........................................................................ 730

Yoonjee Hong......................................................................... 728

Yuval Eshed.............................................................................248

Yoon-Jung Lee................................................................48-49

Yuval Sapir...........................................................258, 261, 827

Yoshihisa Suyama..............................................................553

Yu Wen-bin..............................................................................505

Yoshinobu Fukushima....................................................... 136

Yu Zhang...................................................................................500

Yoshinori Murai........................................................................ 72

Yves Caraglio.....................................................260, 262, 321

You-Cai Xiong....................................................................... 767

Yves Van de Peer........................................................189, 737

Young-Dong Kim.................................................................200

Yvonne Herrerías-Diego.................................................597

Young ISDR.................................................................... 376-377

Youngsim Hwang................................................................. 316

Z

Young-Wang Na............................................................48-49
Y.-P. Lo.........................................................................................454

Zacharias Kypriotakis........................................................ 410

Yuanshu Pu............................................................................... 103

Zachary B. Lippman...........................................................248

Zach Raposo...........................................................................606

Yuán Wang..............................................................................504

Zack Radford........................................................................... 216

Yuàn Wang..............................................................................504

Zahid Ullah...............................................................................555

Yu Cao.........................................................................................737

Zahira Rebollo........................................................................462

Yu Cheng..................................................................................329

Zahra Aghajani..................................................................... 357

Yu-Chia Wang..........................................................................28

Zaineb MHALHLI.....................................................................598

Yudai Okuyama....................................... 180, 303, 311, 335

Zaira Cortes-López............................................................. 730

Yu-Feng Hsu..............................................................................28

Zalko J.........................................................................................439

Yuheng Wang.........................................................................772

Zambrano S............................................................................. 142

Yu-Hsin Tseng............................................................. 200, 501

Zankhana N Rathod........................................................... 224

Yuichiro Oribe...........................................................................58

Zbynek Polesny..................................................................... 776

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Poster presentations

Zefeng Li..............................................................................29, 616

Zuoxi Ruan................................................................................608

Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar.................................................801

Zuzana Chumová................................................................ 571

Zekun Deng.............................................................................. 247

Zuzana Ferencova...............................................................481

Željko Škvorc............................................................................614

Zuzana Gajdošová................................................... 124, 626

Ze-Tao Jin................................................................................500

Zuzana Kolaříková............................................................... 124

Zelong Nie.................................................................................704

Zuzana Heřmanová...........................................................834

Zhangjie Huang..................................................................... 315

Zhang Yuli.................................................................................829
Zhaopeng Luo.........................................................................616

Zhe Chen....................................................................................516
Zheng-ren Zhang................................................................484

Zhen-Hua Guo......................................................................... 191
Zhen Li................................................................................189, 737
Zhen Wang................................................................... 756-757

Zhenwu Wei.............................................................................. 318

Zhenya Yordanova...................................................227, 229
Zhen Zhou................................................................................. 247
Zhihao Su................................................................................... 421
Zhiheng Wang.......................................................................593
Zhihua Zhou............................................................................. 138
Zhijie Yang................................................................................. 123
Zhi-Qiang Zhang.................................................................295
Zhiyong Liao............................................................................263
Zhiyun Yang..............................................................................713
Zhi-Zhong Li.............................................................................368

Zhofre Aguirre...........................................................................67
Zhongping Tian........................................................................ 77

ZhongWang...............................................................................29
Zhong Wang....................................................................29, 616
Zhuoxin Zhang.......................................................................502
Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani...........................................555
Zidane Lahcen........................................................................561

Zishan Fu...................................................................................245
Zixiao Guo.................................................................................465

Ziyoviddin Yusupov............................................................499
Zlatko Liber...............................................................................487
Zlatko Šatović........................................................................487
Zohreh Pourghorban......................................................... 702

Zoila Díaz Lifante.........................................................251, 253
Zoila Díaz-Lifante.................................................................629
Zoltán Bátori........................................................ 99, 759-760

Zong-Yu Shen...........................................................................28
Zora Dajić-Stevanović...................................................... 231
Zouhair NASAR.......................................................................598
Zouitane Ilham........................................................................ 118
Zübeyde U. Aydın.................................................................626
Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın............................................ 412, 788

Zu-ChangXu............................................................................ 719
Zu-Chang Xu............................................................................ 191
Zulema Varela....................................................163, 603, 817
Zuluaga Diana........................................................................ 193
Zúñiga P..................................................................................... 762

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Botanical
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Madrid Spain

SPONSORS
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XX International
Botanical
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Madrid SpainOTHER SPONSORSINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONFOR PLANT TAXONOMY IAPT

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