Legal Framework of Nuclear Safety inKazakhstan

March 23, 2018, Tokyo, Japan
Presented by Alexander KLEPIKOV, Nuclear Technology Safety Center (NTSC)
Email: klepikov@ntsc.kz

Content Regulation area
 Legal framework of nuclear safety
 Regulator and regulatory structure Legal framework of public participation

Regulation area, reactors

IVG-1M
BN-350Researchreactors
RAKurchatov

Aktau

AlmatyIGR

WWR-K

Regulation area, reactors
Function

Location

TypeFuelStatus

1 WWR-K,a multi-purpose
researchAlatau
settlement,
Almaty, INP

The pool type reactor UAl4,
In operation since 1967. HEU fuel, replaced by LEU (19.7%) is the fuelproject enrichment in the active zone. HEU fuel unloaded from the core and stored in at36%
reactor spent fuel storage is planned to be shipped to Russia

2 IGR,
research

Kurchatov,
RRC “IGR"
IAE NNC RK

Uranium-graphite
impulse actions
without forced
cooling

Graphite isimpregnated withuranyl-nitrate,enrichment 90%

3 IVG-1M,
research

Kurchatov,
RRC “Baikal-1"
IAE NNC RK

Water-cooled lightwater, upgrade ofgas cooled ractor

Uranium-zirconium In operation since 1970. After the upgrade (transfer to water-cooled),
alloy, enrichment since 1990, there was unloaded from the updated RC only one
90%
Assembly, that is stored in at-reactor spent fuel storage. SNF before
modernization was unloaded and sent to Russia. The ability of the core
to work on LEU instead of HEU is investigated

4 RA,
research
Defuelled

Kurchatov,
RRC “Baikal-1"
IAE NNC RK

Stand prototype ofspace propulsion
reactorVarious options ofspace propulsion
reactor fuel5 BN-350,
experimental
demonstrationand power
Defuelled

Aktau,MAECKazatomprom

Breeder loop typewith LMC (sodium)UO2,
In operation in the period 1972-1999. Shutdown, it is transferred toSAFESTORE, the fuel is unloaded and removed from the reactor site.
assemblies of 3
Prior to 1991, spent nuclear fuel was sent to Russia. SNF generatedtypes withenrichment 17, 21 и since 1991 was packed and placed for the Long-Term Storage on the26%
RRC "Baikal-1" IAE NNC RK

In operation since 1961. The fuel is loaded to the core, it was notunloaded from 1968. The spent fuel from the spent experimental
devices and uranium-graphite blocks of the first active zone are locatedin two at-reactor spent fuel storage.

In operation since 1987. Shutdown in 1998. The formal status is“operation", but the fuel is unloaded and sent to the Russia.

Regulation area, BN-350 SF storage BN-350 sealed canisters withspent fuel were loaded intodual-use casks (long-termstorage/transportation).
 The casks then weretransported to speciallyconstructed Long-term spent
nuclear fuel storage(LTSNFS)at the RRC ”Baikal1” site of National Nuclear
Center RK in the eastern areaof RK, where it will be stored
for 50 years.

Regulation area, new NPP
 In 2006, in the framework of the joint statement of the Presidents of theRepublic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation on cooperation in thefield of peaceful use of atomic energy, the statement was made on theprospects for the construction of the first nuclear power plant in thewestern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. During the period from 2007
to 2010 the technical specifications were developed for the reactor facility
project and its main systems; feasibility report of the investment project"Construction of NPP with RF WBER-300 in Mangistau region" wasdeveloped and agreed. However, the further development of this project
was not implemented.
 In 2011, the works on designing of nuclear power plant in the Republic ofKazakhstan were continued within the framework of the “Program ofAtomic Industry Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2014
with the Prospect of Prolongation up to 2020”. The final decision on theconstruction of nuclear power plant in Kazakhstan is currently pending. In
the beginning of 2016, the implementation of the Program was postponedon one year, till the beginning of 2017, and then till the end of 2018.

Regulation area, LEU bankThe IAEA Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Bank will bea physical reserve of LEU available for eligible IAEA
Member States.
The IAEA LEU Bank will be located at the Ulba
Metallurgical Plant in Oskemen, Kazakhstan. It is
anticipated that it will take about two years from thesignature of the IAEA LEU Bank agreements to do
all the necessary work to bring the IAEA LEU Bank
into operation.

Regulation area,
former nuclear testing sites

Regulation area,uranium enterprises and related RW

Regulation area,
non-uranium enterprises and related RW

Regulation area,
sealed sourcesКурчатовАСТАНА

Усть- cКам еногорскcАктауАЛМАТЫ

- Radionuclide sources (Category 1-2, according to IAEA categorization)- Special storage facilities for radionuclide sources

Ratified international conventions,nuclear safety Law of Republic of Kazakhstan dated on February 3, 2010, No. 244-IV“On Ratification of Convention on Assistance in Case of a Nuclear
Accident or Radiological Emergency”
 Law of Republic of Kazakhstan on February 3, 2010 No. 245-IV “OnRatification of the Convention on Nuclear Safety”
 Law of Republic of Kazakhstan dated on February 3, 2010, No. 243-IV“On Ratification of the Convention on Early Notification of a NuclearAccident”
 Law of Republic of Kazakhstan on February 3, 2010 No. 246-IV “OnRatification of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent FuelManagement and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste”
 Law of Republic of Kazakhstan on February 10, 2011 No. 405-IV “OnRatification of the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damageof 1997 (Consolidated text of the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for
Nuclear Damage of May 21, 1963, as amended by the Protocol of
September 12, 1997)”

Regulator
 Functions specific to the nuclear regulator are currently assigned to the Ministryof Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 Committee for Atomic and Energy Supervision and Control of ME RK (CAESCME RK), is the agency carrying out control and realization functions in the fieldof atomic energy use within the competence of the ME RK.
 Regulatory functions in the field of the use of atomic energy in the Republic ofKazakhstan are also carried out by: Committee for Environmental Regulation and Control of the Ministry of Energy of theRepublic of Kazakhstan, which performs the functions of environmental protection,
 Committee of the Public Health Protection of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of
Kazakhstan in the sphere of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population,
 Committee for Industrial Development and Industrial Safety of the Ministry of
Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, performs control andsupervision in the field of industrial safety sphere, Committee of Emergency Situations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs acting for
liquidation of man-caused accidents and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, carrying out
permit functions and facilities physical protection.

Regulatory structure
Government of
Kazakhstan

Ministry ofInvestment andDevelopmentMinistry ofHealthCommittee forIndustrial
Development andIndustrial Safety

Committee for
Public HealthCommittee
for Atomicand Energy
Supervisionand Control

Ministry ofEnergy

Ministry ofInternal
Affairs

Emergency
Situations
Committee

Departmentof Atomic
Energy andIndustry

Committee
forEcological
Regulation

Regulatory documents

The need for legislative regulation of the activity related to atomic energy
use is caused by its potential danger, and the availability of facilities anddual-use technologies that can be potentially used not only for peacefulpurposes. The modern legal and regulatory basis of the Republic of
Kazakhstan in the field of atomic energy use and radiation safety ispresented by four levels: First level - Decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
having the force of law, Codes and Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 Second level - the Decrees of the Government of the Republic of
Kazakhstan on the atomic energy use and radiation safety.
 Third level - the Rules and Regulations specifying the issues ofradiation safety while handling the radiation sources, prescribing theallowable radioactive contamination of the environment and exposure ofworkers and the public, which are approved by the central government
authorities.
 Fourth level - the standards, guidelines, standard instructions forindividual industries and enterprises of the industry.

Regulatory documents

 Part of regulatory documents was developed by the Republic of
Kazakhstan in the framework of the national legislation in the field of
atomic energy use and protection of public health (Technical regulationsand Sanitary rules).
 In addition, the Republic of Kazakhstan still use some safety-related
technical documents developed in USSR, which consider the issues
that are not reflected in the Technical regulations and Sanitary rules.
 As part of the improvement of national legislation, it is planned to
update regulatory documents in the field of nuclear and radiation safetyand radwaste management.

Public participation

International conventions
 Law of Republic of Kazakhstan dated on October 21, 2000, No. 86-II“On Accession of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Convention on
Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context”
 Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on October 23, 2000 No. 92-II”On
Ratification of the Convention on Access to Information, PublicParticipation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in issues related
to the Environment”

Public participation, contd Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on “Public Councils” dated ofNovember 2, 2015 # 383-V. The law determines legal status, formation
procedure and organization of activity for public councils, directed atrealization of state policy on building of public reporting state, providing
broad participation of non-commercial organizations and citizens insolution-making proposed by state authorities of all levels. This law isapplicable for all types of activities.
 Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 9,
2007 # 212. Article 57 of the Code involves participation of public insolutions-making associated with issues on environment protection.

Thank you for attention!
Contacts:
Nuclear Technology Safety Center
Liza Chaikina 4, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050020
1-st Phone/FAX: +7-727-2646801
2-nd Phone/FAX: +7-727-2646701
3-rd FAX/Phone: +7-727-2646803
E-mail: ntsc@ntsc.kz
Web-page: www.ntsc.kz