69
南太平洋海域調査研究報告 No.56（2015年3月）
OCCASIONAL PAPERS No.56（March 2015）࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞ࠾ࡼࡧࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣗஦ㄪᰝᒣᮏ᐀❧Dietary Patterns in Pohnpei and Chuuk States
YAMAMOTO Sota㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫᅜ㝿ᓥᕋᩍ⫱◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University

せ᪨࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࡛ࡣࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕άࡀႠࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ1960 ᖺ௦࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ㎰ົ┬ࡀ⿵ຓ⤥㣗ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊࠕ㏆௦ⓗࠖ࡞㣗஦࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㣗஦ࡀࠕ㏆௦໬ࠖࡋࡓ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿヲ⣽࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࠾ࡼࡧࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㣗஦ㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୧ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡸࣂࢼࢼࠊⰞ㢮ࠊᾏ⏘≀ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㍺ධ㣗ရ࡛࠶ࡿ⡿ࡸ㨶ࡢ⨁ワࠊ༶ᖍ㯝ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡶྠᵝ࡟㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥࡣࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࡢ୺ᓥ࡛࠶ࡿ࢙࢘ࣀᓥ࡟㏆ࡃࠊ
㍺ධ㣗ရࢆධᡭࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࠊࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥࡣ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࡢ୺ᓥ࡛࠶ࡿ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࡬ࡢ஺㏻஦᝟ࡀᝏࡃࠊࡼࡾࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕άࢆႠࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋࡣࡌࡵ࡟࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࡛ࡣࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࡲ࡛࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕ά㸦ࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡸⰞ㢮ࠊࣂࢼࢼࠊᾏ⏘≀࡞࡝㸧ࡀႠࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸦MURAI 1954㸧ࠊ1960 ᖺ௦࡟࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ㎰ົ┬ࡀ⿵ຓ⤥㣗ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚௨㝆ࠊࠕ㏆௦ⓗࠖ࡞㣗஦㸦⡿ࡸᑠ㯏⢊ࠊ◁⢾ࠊ⬡⫫ศ࡟ᐩࡴ㣗ရࠊ㍺ධຍᕤ㣗ရ࡞࡝㸧࡟⨨ࡁ᥮ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ
㸦ENGLBERGER et al. 2003㸧
ࠋ㣗஦ࡢ㏆௦໬࡟క࠸ࠊ⢾ᒀ⑓ࡸ㧗⾑ᅽࠊᚰ⮚⑌ᝈ࡞࡝ࡢ㔜኱࡞೺ᗣၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦e.g., 㔝ᮧࡽ 2005㸧
ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㍺ධ㣗ရ࡜ẚ࡭࡚࢝ࣟࢸࣥ㢮ࡸࣅࢱ࣑ࣥ㢮ࢆࡼࡾከࡃ᭷ࡍࡿᆅඖ㣗ᮦࡢ฼⏝ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ከᵝ࡞ⶰ⳯㢮ࡢᑟධࡀᨻᗓࡸ NGO ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ዡບࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦ENGLBERGER et al. 2009㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㣗஦ࡀࠕ㏆௦໬ࠖࡋࡓ࡜ࡣ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࢀࢆ⿬௜ࡅࡿヲ⣽࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࠾ࡼࡧࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡞㣗஦ㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

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YAMAMOTO Sota
Pingelap Atoll
1km

Federated States ofMicronesia

Deke I.
Sukoru I.
Pingelap I.

Chuuk Atoll

Piis-Paneu I.

Weno I.

Oceania

20km

2000kmᅗ 1 ㄪᰝᆅㄪᰝ᪉ἲ
࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᕞࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ㸦2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶㹼2014 ᖺ 1 ᭶㸧࠾ࡼࡧࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ㸦2012 ᖺ 9 ᭶㹼2013 ᖺ 8 ᭶㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㣗஦ㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࠋㄪᰝ⾲ࡢ㡯┠ࡣࠊ୺స≀㸦⡿ࠊࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࠊCyrtosperma merkusiiࠊࣂࢼࢼࠊࡑࡢ௚㸧ࠊᾏ⏘≀㸦㩭㨶ࠊᖸ≀ࠊ⨁ワࠊࡑࡢ௚㸧ࠊ⫗㢮㸦⢭⫗ࠊ⨁ワ㸧ࠊࡑࡢ௚㸦㯝㢮ࠊ㔝⳯㸧࡜ࡋࡓࠋྛ㡯┠ࡢ㢖ᗘࡣࠊ㣗஦࡟ฟ࡚ࡁࡓᅇᩘ㸭㣗஦ࡢ⥲ᅇᩘ㸦ᮅ࣭᫨࣭ᬌ᪥ᩘ㸧࡛♧ࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ
㍺ධ㣗ရ⡿ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡣࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ㸦PLP-A㸸65.7%ࠊPLP-B㸸33.2%ࠊ18 ࢝᭶ᖹᆒ㸧࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸦PIS-A㸸99.3%ࠊPIS-B㸸96.3%ࠊPIS-C㸸72.1%ࠊ
12 ࢝᭶ᖹᆒ㸹⾲ 1㸧
ࠋ௚ࡢ㍺ධ㣗ရࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㨶ࡢ⨁ワ㸦PLP-A㸸2.8%ࠊPLP-B㸸1.0%ࠊ
PIS-A㸸78.3%ࠊPIS-B㸸34.6%ࠊPIS-C㸸23.4%㸧ࠊ⫗ࡢ⨁ワ㸦PLP-A㸸1.4%ࠊPLP-B㸸0.5%ࠊ
PIS-A㸸52.1%ࠊPIS-B㸸2.3%ࠊPIS-C㸸8.1%㸧
ࠊ༶ᖍ㯝㸦PLP-A㸸22.5%ࠊPLP-B㸸9.9%ࠊ
PIS-A㸸87.4%ࠊPIS-B㸸51.2%ࠊPIS-C㸸43.1%㸧ࡶࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ
࢘ᓥࡢ᪉ࡀᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡣ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥࡢ஺㏻஦᝟࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥࡟ࡣᅜෆ㐃⤡⯪ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊẚ㍑ⓗᏳ౯࡟㈌≀ࢆ㐠ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ2012 ᖺ 8 ᭶࠿ࡽ 2013 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ㛫࡟ࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉ⎔♋࡬ࡣ஧ᅇࡋ࠿᮶ᓥࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㤳㒔ࡢ࠶ࡿ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࠿ࡽࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉ⎔♋࡬㍍㣕⾜ᶵࡀ୙ᐃᮇ࡟㐠⯟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊⲴ≀ 1 ࣏ࣥࢻ࡟ࡘࡁ 0.75 ⡿ࢻࣝㄢࡉࢀࠊ㍺㏦㈝ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊ

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Dietary Patterns in Pohnpei and Chuuk StatesᓥẸࡢ฼⏝ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥࡣ⯪እᶵ௜ࡁࡢᑠᆺ⯪࡛ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞࡢ୺ᓥ࢙࢘ࣀᓥ࡬ 1 ᫬㛫⛬ᗘ࡛⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᓥேࡣ㢖⦾࡟࢙࢘ࣀᓥࢆゼࢀࠊ㍺ධ㣗ရࡸ㞧㈌࡞࡝ࢆ㉎ධ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊ㍺ධ㣗ရࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ

ᓥෆ⏘ࡢస≀࠾ࡼࡧᾏ⏘≀ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢㄪᰝୡᖏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࡢ
฼⏝࡟ࡣᏘ⠇ᛶࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࣃࣥࣀ࢟ࢆ฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡁࡣࣂࢼࢼࡸ C. merkusiiࡢ฼⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋ㨶ࡢᾘ㈝㢖ᗘࡣᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࠶ࡲࡾኚືࡏࡎࠊ
㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸㢖ᗘ࡛฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦PLP-A㸸67.4%ࠊPLP-B㸸54.9%ࠊPIS-A㸸
81.1%ࠊPIS-B㸸68.5%ࠊPIS-C㸸69.2%㸧
ࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ୧ᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕άࡀႠࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࡛ࡣձ㨶ࡢ஝≀ࡸ㈅㢮ࡢ฼⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ప࠸ࠊղ⢭⫗ࡢ฼⏝㢖ᗘప࠸ࠊճ㍺ධ㣗ရ㸦≉࡟⨁ワࡸ࢖ࣥࢫࢱࣥࢺ㯝㸧ࢆ࠶ࡲࡾ฼⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺┦㐪Ⅼࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾࠕఏ⤫ⓗࠖ࡞㣗⏕άࢆႠࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋKAWAI et al.㸦2010, 2011㸧ࡣࠕ࠶ࡿᓥࡀࡼࡾ㒔ᕷ㸦୰ᚰࡢᓥ㸧࡟㏆࠸࡯࡝ࡑࡢᓥࡣࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᙉࡃཷࡅࡸࡍࡃࠊ㏫࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿᓥࡀ㒔ᕷ㸦୰ᚰࡢᓥ㸧࠿ࡽ㐲࠸࡯࡝ࡑࡢᓥ࡟ࡣࡼࡾఏ⤫ⓗ࡞⏕άࡀṧࡿࠖ࡜ᥦゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢ㣗஦ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡑࡢ௬ㄝࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࠋ
⾲ 1 ࣆࣥࢤࣛࢵࣉᓥ࠾ࡼࡧࣆࢫ࣭ࣃࢿ࢘ᓥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣗஦ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ㸦%㸧
Pingelap Island
Piis-Paneu Island
Aug. 2012 to Jan. 2014
Sep. 2012 to Aug. 2013(18-month average)(12-month average)
PLP-A
PLP-B
PIS-A
PIS-B
PIS-C
Starchy staples
65.7
33.2
99.3
96.3
72.1
Rice
20.4
13.7
90.2
37.6
77.3
Breadfruit
18.7
16.7
41.5
10.1
13.5
Cyrtosperma
41.2
22.5
62.4
32.6
49.1
Banana
5.2
1.5
66.7
0.0
11.2Others
Marine resources
67.4
54.9
81.1
68.5
69.2
Fresh fish
0.2
0.1
42.9
34.1
33.4
Dried fish
2.8
1.0
78.3
34.6
23.4
Canned fish
1.2
4.7
42.1
12.2
29.0
Others
Meat
5.4
2.7
27.5
30.5
12.5
Fresh
1.4
0.5
52.1
2.3
8.1
CannedOthers
22.5
9.9
87.4
51.2
43.1
Noodle
1.2
0.1
67.9
0.5
16.5
Vegetable
27.7
9.7
59.7
4.5
11.9
Fruit

72
YAMAMOTO Sotaᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
ENGLBERGER, L., MARKS, G. C. and FITZGERALD, M. H. 2003. Insights on Food and Nutritionin the Federated States of Micronesia: A Review of the Literature. Public HealthNutrition, 61: 5-17.
ENGLBERGER, L., SCHIERLE, J., HOFMANN, P., LORENS, A., ALBERT, K., LEVENDUSKY, A.,PAUL, Y., LICKANETH, E., ELYMORE, A., MADDISON, M., DEBRUM, I., NEMRA, J., ALFRED,J., VANDER VELDE, N. and KRAEMER, K. 2009. Carotenoid and Vitamin Content ofMicronesian Atoll Foods: Pandanus (Pandanus tectorius) and Garlic Pear (Crataeva
speciosa) Fruit. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22: 1-8.
KAWAI, K., KUWAHARA, S., ONJO, M., NODA, S., NISHIMURA, A., TOMINAGA, S. andNAGASHIMA, S. 2010. The Influence of Environmental Changes on the MicronesianArea: A Case Study of Islands in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia. South
Pacific Studies, 30(2): 23-43.
KAWAI, K., KUWAHARA, S., TERADA, R., TOMINAGA, S., NODA, S. and NAGASHIMA, S. 2011.
Influence of Environmental Changes on the Micronesian Region: Case Study of Islandsin the Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. South Pacific Studies, 31(2): 57-70.
MURAI, M. 1954. Nutrition Study in Micronesia. Atoll Research Bulletin, 27: 1-239.
㔝ᮧ⚽୍࣭᪂ᐑဴྖ࣭୰⏣⠜⠊࣭Ⲕᒣ୍ᙲ࣭ఀ⸨๛஧࣭ఀ⸨᭷ᓠ 2005㸬࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡᕞᓥẸࡣ⫧‶࣭⢾ᒀ⑓ࡢ㢖ᗘࡀከ࠸㸫2002ࠥ2004 ᖺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㞟ᅋ೺デࡢ᳨ウ㸫㸬ᗈᓥ་Ꮫ㸪58㸸562-565㸬