≉ูグ஦

1ࡑࡢᐙࡢ๓࡟ࡣⰪ⏕ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋb. There is not much lawn in front of the house.

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ 僎 ⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ 僑僊傪僌ࡑࡢᐙࡢ๓࡟ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾⰪ⏕ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋc. He sat on the lawn. ᙼࡣࡑࡢⰪ⏕࡟ᗙࡗࡓࠋ

‫ڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦڦ‬Ᏻ஭⛱Yasui Minoru

ⱥㄒࡢྡモ࡟ࡣ༢ᩘᙧ࡜」ᩘᙧ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢᙧࡣ࡞
࠸ࠋࡀࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢྡモ࡟༢ᩘᙧ࡜」ᩘᙧ࡜ࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍⯡࡟ྍ⟬ྡモࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊᑐ㇟ࡀ 1 ಶ࡞ࡽ༢ᩘᙧࠊ」ᩘಶ࡞ࡽ」ᩘᙧࢆྲྀࡿࠋ୙ྍ⟬ྡモࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ
ᩘ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆ⾲ࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ」ᩘᙧࡢฟ␒ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ
ྲྀࢀࡿࡢࡣ༢ᩘᙧࡔࡅࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡛ྡモࡢ༢ᩘᙧ࣭」ᩘᙧ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡽࡀࡍ࡭࡚∦࡙ࡃ࡞ࡽၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡀࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢฟⓎⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿྍ⟬ྡモ࣭୙ྍ⟬ྡモࡢ༊ู࡟ࠊࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏேᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᝎࡲࡍ୙ྍ⟬ྡモࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡃᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡟ advice, news, information, furniture ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ
ㄒ࡛ࡣࡳࢇ࡞ᩘ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ௒ᖺࡢ 10 ኱ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࠖ
࡞࡝ࠊࡑࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋmist, ocean, drizzle, log ࡞࡝ࡀྍ⟬ྡモ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ୙ྍ⟬ྡモ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡶᡃࠎእᅜேࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡛
ࡣḟࡢ 1 ࡟ lawn ࡢ౛ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ
2 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013a. There is a lawn in front of the house.

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌

2ࡇࡢሙྜࠊ 1c ࡢ the lawn ࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡀྍ⟬ྡモࡢ lawn࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠊ୙ྍ⟬ྡモࡢ lawn ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡣඛ⾜ᩥ⬦ precedingcontext ࡀ࡞࠸࠿ࡂࡾỴᐃ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋⱥㄒ࡛ࡶ a piece of ࢆෙࡍࢀࡤ a piece of good advice ࡼ࠸ᛅ࿌ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᩘ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢሙྜࠊa piece ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚ࡶ advice ࡢ୰㌟࡟࡞ࢇࡽኚᐜࢆ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ a piece of advice ࡣ *anadvice ࡜➼౯࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࡢ➽❧࡚࡟ࡓ࠸ࡋ࡚ࠊ䛂ࡑࢀࡣ࡬ࡾࡃࡘ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞
࠸ࠋ
࡛ࡶࠊᐇ㉁ୖࠊࡇࢀ࡜ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡣᐇ㝿࡟⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣞࢫࢺ
ࣛࣥ࡞࡝࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ Two coffees, please. ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ 2 ࡘ࠾㢪࠸ࠋ ࡜࠿ Two teas, please. ⣚Ⲕ 2 ࡘ࠾㢪࠸ࠋ ࡞࡝ࡀࡑࢀ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋTwo waters, please. ࠾ࡦࡸ 2 ࡘ࠾㢪࠸ࠋ ࡣᑡࡋฟ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ௒࡛ࡣᬑ㏻࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢഴྥࡣⱥㄒ௨እࡢゝㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᗈࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ࡜⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺ኚ໬ࡢ₻ὶࡀ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛㐍ࡴ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⌧ᐇࡢၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡲࡎ⪃࠼ࡿࡔࡅࡴࡔࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋྍ⟬ྡモ࣭୙ྍ⟬ྡモࡢ༊ูࡣࠊ୍ᐃ୙ኚࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
᮲௳ࡣᵝࠎ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊྍ⟬ྡモ࡟ࡣ୙ྍ⟬⏝ἲࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ୙ྍ⟬ྡモ࡟ࡣྍ⟬⏝ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ୙ྍ⟬ྡモࡀྍ⟬ྡモ໬ࡉ
3 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌

3ࢀࡓሙྜࠊ㏻౛ࡢྍ⟬ྡモࡀࡶࡘ⏝ἲࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࢆࡶࡘ࡟⮳ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡑ࠺࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㏻౛ࡢྍ⟬ྡモ࡟ࡣ༢ᩘᙧ࡜」ᩘᙧ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣᩘモࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡀࠊ୙
ྍ⟬ྡモࡢྍ⟬ྡモ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓྍ⟬ྡモ࡟ࡣࠊ」ᩘᙧࡣ
࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᩘモ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢ 2 ࢆࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ

2a. I feel a kindness to her.
⚾ࡣᙼዪ࡟ዲពࢆ࠸ࡔ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋb. I can never repay your many kindnesses.
࠶࡞ࡓ࠿ࡽ㡬࠸ࡓᩘࠎࡢࡈぶษࠊ࡜࡚ࡶ࠾㏉ࡋ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡣᛮࢃࢀࡲࡏࢇࠋ
c. *Thank you for your three kindnesses during mystay at your home.
୍⯡ⓗ࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊa kindness ࡣ an act of kindness ぶษ࡞⾜Ⅽ ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ Thank you for your kindness. ࡈぶษ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ ࡢ kindness ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ your many kindnesses ࡈぶษࡢᩘࠎ ࡣࠕ」ᩘಶࡢぶษ࡞⾜Ⅽࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠕ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸ࡢࠊࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢࠖ࡜࠸࠺୍✀ࡢᙉព」ᩘ⏝ἲ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ
࠺ࠋ 2b ࡣᐜㄆྍ⬟࡛ 2c ࡣᐜㄆ୙ྍ⬟࡜࠸࠺⏝ἲୖࡢࡍࡳศࡅࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ 2c ࡀᐜㄆ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࡣࠊ」ᩘᙧ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸᮲௳ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ」ᩘᙧࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᡂဨࡢ
㛫࡟ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ㢮ఝᛶࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
triangles ୕ゅᙧ ࡜࠸࠺」ᩘᙧࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᡂဨࡣࡑࡢᮦ㉁ࡸᙧ≧ࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅከᵝ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠕ3 ᮏࡢ┤⥺࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅖࡲ
4 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌4ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅗᙧࠖ࡜࠸࠺㢮ఝᛶࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋbooks ࡢᡂဨ࡞࡝ࡢሙྜࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡀࠊkindnesses ࡢሙྜࠊᡂဨ㛫ࡢ㢮ఝᛶࡣồࡴ࡭ࡃࡶ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᙉព」ᩘࡢ kindnesses ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࠼࡚ࡶࠊᩘモࢆకࡗࡓ」ᩘᙧ *three kindnesses ࡢ㠀Ꮡᅾࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋfurniture ࡢሙྜࡶࠊࡑࡢᡂဨ࡟ࡣ table, chair, sofa, bed ࡞࡝ࡀྵࡲࢀࠊfurniture A ࡜ furniture B ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟」ᩘᙧࢆチᐜࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡿ
ඹ㏻ᛶࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡟㏆࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ఝࡓ౛ࢆࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࠊḟࡢ 3 ࡟ᣲࡆ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋeducation ࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

3a. a good education Ⰻ࠸ᩍ⫱b. Education is important for most societies.
ᩍ⫱ࡣ኱᢬ࡢ♫఍࡛㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

c. Children from the same family with similar educations time and again pursue entirely differentlives.
ྠࡌᐙ᪘ࡢ୰࡛ఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓᏊ౪࡛ࡶࡲࡗࡓࡃ␗࡞ࡿே⏕ࢆ㏦ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

d. Julius Caesar had one of the best educations aclassical world could provide.
ࢪࣗࣜ࢔ࢫ࣭ࢩ࣮ࢨ࣮ࡣࠊྂ඾ୡ⏺ࡀ୚࠼࠺ࡿ᭱㧗ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
e. Young graduates will rely on their business educations to help them change the world.
ⱝ࠸༞ᴗ⏕ࡓࡕࡣୡ⏺ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣅࢪࢿࢫࢫࢡ࣮࡛ࣝᏛࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࢆࡼࡾ࡝ࡇࢁ࡟ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡢሙྜࠊ education ࡀྍ⟬ྡモࠊ୙ྍ⟬ྡモ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽ
5 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌

5ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡀࠊ」ᩘᙧࡣᴟࡵ࡚ࡲࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
3c㻙 e ࡢ౛ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾᗈ⠊࡟ࢃࡓࡿࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ࠿ࡽࡸࡗ࡜ぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺ゅᗘ࠿ࡽࡳ࡚ࡺࡃ࡜ࠊࡑࡢᡂဨ㛫࡟㢮ఝᛶࡢࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸」ᩘᙧ࡟ࡪࡘ࠿ࡿࠋ༢ᩘᙧࡢព࿡ࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸」ᩘᙧ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢ 4 ࢆࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ

4 A: Where’s Pam ? ࣃ࣒ࡣ࡝ࡇ㸽
B: She’s doing the dishes. Ὑ࠸ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡿ࡜ࡇࡼࠋࡇࡢሙྜࡢ the dishes ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ≉Ṧ࡛ࠊ㣗஦ࡢ㝿࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ㣗ჾ㢮ࢆࡍ࡭࡚ྵࡴࠋ─ࠊ῝─ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮࢝ࢵࣉࠊ࣐ࢢࠊࢫࣉ࣮ࣥࠊࢼ࢖ࣇࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢡ࡞࡝ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ─Ὑ࠸ࠖ࡟ࡶ┦ఝࡢ⏝ἲࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠕ─Ὑ࠸ࠖ࡟ࡣࠕࡑࡢ௙஦ࢆࡍࡿேࠖࡢពࢆ⾲ࡍ⏝ἲࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜ࠕὙ࠸ࡶࡢࠖࡀࡼࡾࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸࠿࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡀࠊࠕὙ࠸ࡶࡢࠖ࡟ࡣࠕࡏࢇࡓࡃࡶࡢࠖࡀධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋሙ㠃ࡀྎᡤ࡜Ỵࡲࢀࡤࡇࡢ࠶࠸ࡲ࠸ᛶࡣᾘ࠼ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ」ᩘᙧࡀࠊᑐᛂࡍࡿ༢ᩘᙧࡢព࿡࡜ࡣ඲ࡃ␗࡞ࡿព࿡࡛ࡢ ࡳ⏝࠸ࡽ ࢀࡿሙ ྜࠊࡑ ࡢ」ᩘᙧ ࡣࠊ㏻ ౛ ࠊࠕ⤯ᑐ」ᩘ ࠖplurale tantum ࡢྡ࡛࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛ࡀ sands ࡜࠿waters ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕ኱ࡁ࡞ᗈࡀࡾࠖ࡜࠸࠺ྵࡳࢆࡶࡕࠊsands ࡟ࡣࠕ◁὾ࠖ࡜࠿ࠕ◁₍ࠖࡢព࿡࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊwaters ࡣ≉࡟㡿ᾏ territorial waters ࡢព࡛ࡼࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊ
ὀពࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢሙྜࠊ༢ᩘᙧ࡜」ᩘᙧ࡜࡛ព࿡ࡀ␗࡞
ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ2 ࡘࡢព࿡ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡝ࡇ࠿࡛⣒ࡀࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ◁὾ࠖࡣࠕ◁࡛࡛ࠖࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠕ㡿
6 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌

6ᾏࠖࡣࠕỈ࡛࡛ࠖࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ௜ᒓရ࡛࠶ࡿ mouse ࣐࢘ࢫ ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜஦᝟ࡣ୍ኚࡍࡿࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢሙྜࠊ mouse ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣఱ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ᫇࠿ࡽ mouse ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ
mice ࡜Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊmice ࡜࠸࠼ࡤࡏࢃࡋ࡞ࡃືࡁᅇࡿᑠື≀ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜࡟Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ mouse ࡢ」ᩘᙧ mice ࡣࠊືࡁᅇࡿᑠື≀ mouse ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠊඛ
ྲྀࡾࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑ࠺࠸࠺࡜ࡇࢁ࡬ࠊ✺↛࠶࡜࠿ࡽࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ mouse ࡀ⌧ࢀࡓࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ mouse ࡣ」ᩘᙧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᙜ↛ࠊືࡁᅇࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢືࡁᅇࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ
ࢱࡢ࣐࢘ࢫࡀ」ᩘᙧࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
᫇࠿ࡽ mouse ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ mice ࡜Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ
ࢱࡢ࣐࢘ࢫࡶ mouse ࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖࠊࡑࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ mice ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ mouse ࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡤࠊ࠾ࡑࡿ࠾ࡑࡿࠊmice ࡢ๓࡟ࡲ࠿ࡾ࡛࡚ࠊ
ࠕ௒ᗘ」ᩘᙧࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿࡣࡵ࡜࡞ࡾ
ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡐࡦ࡜ࡶ mice ࡉࢇࡢᮎᖍ࡟㐃࡞ࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ
࠸ࠖ࡜㢪࠸࡛ࡓ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ௬࡟ࡇࡢ⏦ࡋฟࡀཷ⌮ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡀࠕࡵ࡛ࡓࡋࠊࡵ࡛ࡓࡋࠖ࡞ࡽࡼ࠸ࡀࠊᐇࡣ࣐࢘ࢫ
࡟୙‶ࡀṧࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ mice ࡢ࡯࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠕ࠺ࡕࡣື
ࡃ mouse ࡛࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࡛ࡍࠋື࠿࡞࠸ mouse ࡞ࢇ࠿ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࡞࡝࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗ
ࢱࡢ mouse ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠕࡓࡔ㦁ࡀࡋࡃືࡁᅇࡿࡔࡅࡢᑠື
≀࡜୍⥴࡟ࡉࢀ࡚ࡓࡲࡿ࠿ࠋ༢ㄒ࡟ࡔࡗ࡚ရ᱁࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ࡟↓⦕ࡢேࠎࡣᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ
7 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌7࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࡜ࠊ
ࠕmouse ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ mice࡛࠶ࡿ࡛ࠖᖥ࡜࡞ࡿ ࡑࡋ࡚ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ mouse ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ mice ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᪥ࡀࡇ࡞࠸࡜ࡶ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ ࠋ௚᪉ࠊື࠿
࡞࠸ mouse ࡢ㐍ࡴ࡭ࡁ㐨ࡣ 1 ࡘࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ mice ࢆᤞ࡚ࡿࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ mice ࢆᤞ࡚ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱmouse ᑓ⏝ࡢ」ᩘᙧ mouses ࡢㄌ⏕ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ ⤖ ᯝࡣ ࡸ ࡸ๻ ⓗ ࡛࠶ ࡿ ࡜࠸ ࡗ࡚ ࡼ ࠸ࠋ ࡲࡎ ࠊ mousesࡣ᪂ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ༢ᩘᙧ mouse ࡟ࡣࠕࢿࢬ࣑ࠖࡢពࡣ࡞࠸ ࠋ ືࡃ mouse ࡜ ື ࠿ ࡞ ࠸ mouse ࡜ ࡣ ࠊྠ ࡌ ㄒ ࡢከ ⩏ ᛶpolysemy ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊྠ㡢␗⩏ㄒ homophone࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊື࠿࡞࠸ mouse ࡣࠊືࡃ mouse ࡜ᙧࡀఝ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࡑࡢྡ⛠ࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠊࡑࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊࡶ࡜࠿ࡽ࠶ࡗࡓ mouse ࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ព
࿡ࡀ 1 ࡘຍ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ᪂ࡋ࠸」ᩘᙧ
mouses ࡀㄌ⏕ࡋࡓ▐㛫ࠊࡑࡢ༢ᩘᙧ mouse ࡣࠕࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ
ࡢ࣐࢘ࢫࠖࡢព࿡࡟≉໬ࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢព࿡ࡔࡅࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ௨
እࡢព࿡ࡣ⾲ࡉ࡞࠸ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ࡲࢀኚࢃࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢព࿡࡟≉໬ࡉࢀࠊ௚ࡢព࿡ࢆ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸༢ᩘᙧࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟ㄌ⏕ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࡢ༢ᩘᙧࢆ⤯ᑐ༢ᩘabsolute singular ࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࡯࠿࡟㢮౛ࡀ඲ࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࠕᒣࡢࡩࡶ࡜࡟ࠖ
ࡣ at the foot of the mountain ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᒣࡀ 2 ࡘ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠕࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢᒣࡢࡩࡶ࡜࡟ࠖ࡜࠸࠸ࡓ࠸࡜ࡁࡣࠊ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿ࠋ at thefeet of the mountains ࡜ࡍࢀࡤᩥἲⓗ࡟ࡣṇࡋ࠸ࠋࡀࠊ࡝ࡇ࠿
࠾࠿ࡋ࠸ࠋࡋࡗࡃࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋᒣࡢୗࡢ࡯࠺࠿ࡽ࡟ࡻࡗࡁࡾ㊊ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿឤࡌࡀࡋ࡞࠸࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࡝࠺ࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ8 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌

8ୖ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽࡶᐹࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
䛂ࡩࡶ࡜ࠖࡣࠊfoot ࡜⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊfeet ࡜ࡣ⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࠕࡩࡶ࡜ࠖࡣ foot ࡢ࡯࠺࡟≉໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
䛂ࡩࡶ࡜ࠖࡢព࿡ࡢ foot ࡣ⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋfeet ࡢ୰࡟ࠕࡩࡶ࡜ࠖࡢព࿡ࢆ཰⣡ࡍࡿవᆅࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢᒣࡢࡩࡶ࡜࡛ࠖࡢព࿡ࢆ at the foots of these mountains࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⾲ࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿேࡀ࠸ࡓࡽࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊࡑࡢຬẼ࡜῝៖࡜ࢆࡓࡓ࠼࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ
௨ୖ㏙࡭࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⥲ྜⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊඹ㏻Ⅼࡀ 1 ࡘ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃࠋࡑࢀࡣ mouse㸫mice, foot㸫feet ࡜୪࡭࡚ࡳࢀࡤ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୙つ๎」ᩘᙧࡀ⤡ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୙つ๎」ᩘᙧࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛ࡶࡼ࠸⌧㇟࡜῝ࡃ࠿࠿ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࢀࡣୖ࡛ࡶゐࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୙つ๎」ᩘᙧ࡟ᮏ᮶ࠊᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ༢ᩘᙧྡ
モ mice ࡢሙྜ࡞ࡽ mouse ࡀࠊᵝࠎ࡞஦᝟࠿ࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸ព࿡
mouse ࡢሙྜ࡞ࡽࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱࡢ௜ᒓရ ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓሙྜࠊࡇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸ព࿡ࡣࡶ࡜࠿ࡽ࠶ࡗࡓ୙つ๎」ᩘᙧࡢࡶࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿព࿡࡟⧞ࡾ㎸ࡶ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠿࡞ࡾ኱ࡁ࡞᢬ᢠ࡟ฟ఍࠺࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୙つ๎」ᩘᙧࡀᮏ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿព࿡ࡢ
ቨࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅཌ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛗࠸Ṕྐࡢጾගࢆ࠿ࡉ࡟
╔࡚᪂ཧ⪅࡟ࡣࡘࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࠿ࠋୖ࡛ゐࢀࡓ 2 ౛ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ༢୍ㄒࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ」ྜㄒࡢ
ሙྜ࡟ࡣࡲࡓูࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⤡ࢇ࡛ࡃࡿࠋ」ྜㄒࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
せ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ 1 ࡘ ㏻౛ࡣᮎᑿせ⣲ ࡀ᫂☜࡞୰ᚰㄒhead ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࠊၥ㢟ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ freshman㧗ᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕ࠊ኱Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ , workman సᴗဨ , snowman 㞷ࡔࡿࡲ ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ freshmen, workmen, snowmen ࡛ࡼ࠸ ࡓ
9 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌

9ࡔࡋ freshman ࡣࠊ24 freshman ࡢࡼ࠺࡟༢ᩘ」ᩘࢆྠࡌᙧ࡛
⏝࠸ࡿヰ⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ ࠋࡅࢀ࡝ࡶၥ㢟ࡢ」ྜㄒࡀၟᶆྡ໬ࡉࢀࡿ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜஦᝟
ࡣኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋၟᶆྡ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ superwoman ㉸ேⓗ࡞ዪᛶ ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ superwomen ࡛ࡼ࠸ࡀࠊၟᶆྡ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ Superman ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮࣐ࣥ ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺
࠿ࠋᬑ㏻ྡモ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ superman ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ supermen ࡛ၥ㢟࡞࠸ࠋࡀࠊၟᶆྡ໬ࡉࢀࡓ Superman ࡢ」ᩘᙧࢆ Supermen࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜࡟ ࡣ ࡸ ࡸ ᢬ ᢠ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡢ ᡂ ❧ 㐣 ⛬ ࠿ ࡽࡳ ࢀ ࡤSuperman ࡣࠕsuper 㸩 man࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ୰ᚰㄒࡣ man ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡀࠊࡦ࡜ࡓࡧၟᶆྡ໬ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡑࡢ▐㛫࡟ᅛ᭷ྡモ໬ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋᅛ᭷ྡモ࡟ෆ㒊ᵓ㐀ࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࡑࡢᅛ᭷ྡモࡢᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡟❧ࡕධࢁ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᅛ᭷ྡモ໬ࡉࢀࡓㄒ⮬యࡢၥ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋSuperman ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡣෆ㒊ᵓ㐀ࢆၥ㢟࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡞࠸༢୍ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢㄒࡢෆ㒊࡟ᒅᢡኚ໬࡞࡝ࡢ௓ධࢆチࡉ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜࡞ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡢ」ᩘ
ᙧࡣ 」ᩘᙧࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿሙ㠃ࡣࠊ㏻౛ࠊ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀ
Supermans ࡜࡞ࡽࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ┦ఝࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ Mickey Mouse ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢㄒࡢ」ᩘᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ୙つ๎」ᩘᙧࡢ Mickey Mice ࡜つ๎」ᩘᙧࡢ Mickey Mouses ࡢ 2 ࡘࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊMickeyMouses ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡟㈶ᡂ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙࢆྲྀࡿேࠎࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ MickeyMouse ࡀⓏ㘓ၟᶆ໬ࡉࢀࠊᅛ᭷ྡモ໬ࡉࢀࡓ▐㛫ࠊࡑࡢෆ㒊࡟ᒅᢡኚ໬࡞࡝ࢆチࡉ࡞࠸⊂❧ࡢ༢୍ᙧ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤࡌࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ Mickey Mice ࡣᙧࡢୖ࡛ࡣ☜࠿࡟ Mickey Mouse ࡢ」ᩘᙧ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡶࡣࡸ
10 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

⤯ᑐ」ᩘ僎⤯ᑐ༢ᩘ僑僊傪僌

10䛂࣑ࢵ࣮࣐࢟࢘ࢫ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᭱ࡶࡸࡗ࠿࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡿࡢࡀ Walkman ࢛࣮࢘ࢡ࣐ࣥ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤖ㄽⓗ࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢ」ᩘᙧࡣ Walkmans ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋᡭඖࡢⱥ࿴㎡඾࡞࡝࡟ࡣ Walkmans, Walkmen ࡢ୧᪉ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ ࠊࠗࢥ࢘ࣅࣝࢻⱥⱥ㎡඾࠘࡞࡝࡟ࡣ
Walkmans ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ Walkman ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࢆⱥㄒࡢ༢ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᙧࡣࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁࠕ࠼ࡏⱥㄒࠖ pseudo-English ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾ࿴〇ⱥㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠕືモ㸩ே㛫ྡモࠖ࡜࠸࠺⤖ྜᙧࡣⱥㄒ࡟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ Walkman ࡜࠸࠺ㄒ࡟
ࡣ୰ᚰㄒࡀ࡞࠸ࠋWalkman ࡣࠕே㛫ࡢ୍✀࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ」ᩘᙧࡔ࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢ -man ࡢ㒊ศࢆ -men ࡟ኚ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽࡀࡔࢇࡔࢇࡤ࠿ࡽࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊⓏ㘓ၟᶆྡ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣఱࡢၥ㢟ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋၟᶆྡࡢ」ᩘᙧ࡜࠸࠺࡞ࡽࠊ༢ᩘᙧࡢၟᶆྡ࡟ -s ࢆ௜ࡅࡉ࠼ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡢヰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࠊmouse, foot, man ࡞࡝ࡢ」ᩘᙧࡀᛮ࠸ࡶ࠿ࡅࡎᢪ࠼࡚
࠸ࡿၥ㢟࡟ゐࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡀࠊㄗゎࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡽࢆṇ⏝ἲࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࢆㄽࡎࡿ㝿ࠊᚰᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿⅬࢆ␎㏙ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮾ໭኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ

11 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ January, 2013

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