Overview of the ILC, its significance andimpact on the region and sustainability
considerations

Masakazu Yoshioka
Iwate University, Iwate Prefectural University
Visiting Professor
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization KEK Professor Emeritus
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

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400MeV Linac+3GeV RCS and 30GeV MR• Let me begin by introducing myself.
• I am an accelerator scientist, born in 1946 (77 years old) and love sake beyond
all else!
• I have been involved in the development, construction and operation of largescale accelerators at KEK in Tsukuba/Tokai Campus for many years.
• After retiring from KEK in 2012, I moved to Tohoku and am now working torealize the ILC in Tohoku.
Major accelerator projects I have committed to are followings:
l 1980~1994 TRISTAN Energy frontier : Ecm=64GeV
l 1995~2004 KEKB
Luminosity Frontier B-Factory: L=2・1034/cm2/s for
BELLE experimentl 2004~2010 J-PARC: High-Power Proton Accelerator Research Complex• 3GeV, 1MW proton beam for neutron and mu-on science,• 30GeV, 760kW fast extraction proton on the graphite target for longbaseline neutrino experiment T2K• 30GeV, 50kW slow extraction proton for hadron experiments
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

2l Next, I need to know about you guys.
l Have you ever attended a lecture related to accelerators?
l Have you ever seen an accelerator?
l Accelerators accelerate charged particles such as electrons(leptons), protons (hadrons) and ions. What are the key elemental
technologies?
l Vacuuml High voltage
l Beam generationl Beam orbit control
l etc.
l What accelerators are you familiar with?
l Now I know your level of knowledge!
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Overview of the ILC, its significance andimpact on the region and sustainability
considerations

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Q-1: As an energy-frontier accelerator why we need both hadron and lepton
colliders?

The LHC starts up in 2008
ILC operation expected tostart before 2040

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Q-2: Why ILC is the next generation Lepton Collider after LEP (predecessor of
LHC)?
l LEP, the predecessor of the LHC, began experiments at Z-pole energy in 1989, reachedcollision energy of 208 GeV in 2000, and was shut downl Due to enormous synchrotron radiation loss, the energy only slightly reached the Higgs
boson.

©ICEPP Tokyo

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Why is ILC linear? (LHC is circular)• If it's circular, the electrons emit a lot of synchrotron radiation and lose energy.
• Synchrotron radiation loss is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the particle mass.
• Since proton mass is 2000 times the electron mass, proton synchrotron radiation loss is not
a problem• If it's linear, it won't emit synchrotron radiation, so we're going to linearize the lightelectron-positron collider.
• However, there is a tradeoff. With a circular collider, the same particle has multiple
opportunities to collide, but with a linear case, the collision of accelerated particles is a oneshot deal

Original slides by Professor
Emeritus Hitoshi Yamamoto,Tohoku University

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Q-3: Why the realization of the ILC will take more time than the LHC? (Notpolitical but technical question)
A-1: Issues are quality control, mass production and cost reduction ofsuperconducting accelerators
Yes, we can ! è See next page (Euro-XFEL)

A-2: Beam control technology, especially collision control by narrowing the beam
size to nanometer size
Yes, we can ! èSee ATF-II@KEKAPPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

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Euro XFEL in Hamburg

X-ray free electron laser (synchrotron radiation) facility in operation
since 2017 in Hamburg, using exactly the same technology as theILC, 10% the scale of the ILC ... in other words, the basic
technology of the ILC has APPI
been
established.
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Colliding particles in a single shot deal
Beams of particles are bunched (swarmed).
Reducing the size of the bunch (narrowing the beam) makes collisions more likely.
Linear colliders especially need to narrow the beam size.

The role of the accelerator is all about accelerating and colliding well.

COLLIDER SCHOOLYOSHIOKA
Original slides by ProfessorAPPI
Emeritus
Hitoshi
Yamamoto, Tohoku University
ACCELERATOR

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Let's understand the technology to focus beams to nanometer size and control
collisions. (1) Realizing low beam emittance (radiation damping) and (2)good
chromaticity correction.

Normal light focusing

Minimize the beam emittanceand realize strong focusing

Laser light focusing

Accelerator beam is
not completely
monochromatic.

Need chromaticity
correction
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ATF results meet ILC's goals

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Shintake laser monitor for beam size measurement
Laser light is splited and meet again.
Then laser interference fringe is made, which is a target tomake Compton scattering.

Beam Energy

ATF-II
achieved

ILC design

1.3 GeV

41 nm

75.7 nm

125 GeV

4.2 nm

7.7 nmBeam size is inversely proportional to the square root of energy.
APPI COLLIDERATF-II results meet ILC
goals.SCHOOL YOSHIOKA
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ACCELERATORILC video courtesy of Rey.HORI

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Q-4: The core technology of the ILC has been achieved, so why we continue
further development and research?

l Frontier accelerators use the best
technology available at the start ofconstruction, aiming to achieve
better performance and lower cost.
l This is very different from industrial
or medical accelerators.
l We continuously develop and adopt
even higher technology after
construction and operation begins,
and upgrade its performance.
l Linear accelerators fit very well with
this.
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Q-5: Why was the Kitakami Highlands chosen as a candidate site for the ILC?

The terrain is gently rolling hills, suitable for tunneling.

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l Granite is a deep-bearing igneous rock.
l Magma solidified over a long period of time and surfaced on the ground surface due toits slightly lower specific gravity.
l Homogeneous granite zone is suitable for underground tunnelingTunnels can be
excavated by blasting, with low construction risk and therefore relatively low cost

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Access
tunnelDamping AccessRing tunnel
Access tunnel
tunnelAccesstunnelAccesstunnelElectron Main Linac Tunnel

Positron Main Linac Tunnel

Accelerator tunnels are excavated along the geoid
and the final focus tunnel is excavated in a laserstraight.
Excavate five access tunnels first, thenproceed to the main tunnel

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKA
Courtesy of Professor Hitoshi 19
HayanoACCELERATOR

Bird's eye view of ILC Kitakami candidate site

Positron Linac

Damping Ring

Electron Linac

Rey.hori/KEK

Colliding point

Tunnel design for ILC Kitakami candidate site (ILC 250GeV 20.5km)

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ACCELERATOR
Courtesy of Professor Hitoshi Hayano

Monday, May 15, 2023

After the Corona disaster, the LCWS was held
face-to-face last year for the first time in many
years.
• Total number of participants: 220• 7 participants from 3 companies in Tohoku
area

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Keynote speech by IDT
Chair Nakata-san

Researchers' strong will to
begin construction by 2030
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Shinichiro Michizono of KEK
Head of ICFA-IDT-WG2

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Shinichiro Michizono of KEK
Head of ICFA-IDT-WG2

ILC in Japan @Kitakami site was
10 years ago!

The design of GDE• 500 GeV
• Designed for threecandidate sites in Japan,
the U.S., and Europe

LCC coincides with the discoveryof the Higgs boson in 2012
• 250 GeV
• Designed with the Kitakami
Highlands as a candidate site

IDT implements Pre-Lab
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAinstitutional design
ACCELERATOR

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Overview of the ILC, its significance andimpact on the region and sustainability
considerations

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Learning from CERN about
the significance of realizing
a large international
research institution
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Last chapter of European
Strategy in 2020

Social Role of Large
Accelerator-Based ResearchInstitutes.
Let's look at the example of
CERN
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The ILC should alsobase its policy on this strategy
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List of elemental
technologies foraccelerators, detectors,
and computing

Create a new
industry in theprivate sector

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So far, many new
industries have sprung up
in the region.

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l The next topic is about town planning/development
triggered by the ILC.
l We need wide-area planning with Sendai and
Morioka as the dipolesl Ecosystem already under construction in Sendai,
triggered by the construction of a synchrotron
radiation facilityl As a community of researchers and engineers, it
should be designed as a community of 200-300 units,each with its own local characteristics.
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ILCを契機とした広域エコシステム構築

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

NTTファシリティーズ・
平井さん作成33

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Summaryl ILC is the most sustainable and economical accelerator as Higgs
Factory, which is based on the superconducting technologies.
l ILC is the most advanced Higgs Factory in terms of technology
development, and I personally believe that we are at the point
where construction can begin as soon as the green light is given.
l ILC is the most energy extendible accelerator in future.
l We hope that the IDT/Pre-Lab process will lead to international
discussions on the structure and cost burden of the ILC, and that
construction will begin as soon as possible.
l The ILC's relationship with society can be learned from the
CERNʼs experience.
l We are considering town planning together with the local
community in the Tohoku region, using the ILC as a trigger.
l Establishment of Asia's first large-scale international research
institute is a symbol of “Science for Peace”.
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Learn from the History of CERN

French physicist Louis de Broglie put forward the first official proposal for the creation of aEuropean laboratory at the European Cultural Conference, which opened in Lausanne on 9
December 1949.
First proposal was only 4 years after the end of WW-II

In the present era of war and infectious diseases, we must realize
the ILC in Japan, the first large-scale international research
institute in Asia, and use it as a symbol of Science for peace andworld wide brain exchange.
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Overview of the ILC, its significance andimpact on the region and sustainability
considerations

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Green ILC
KEK (Professor Emeritus)
Iwate University/Iwate Prefectural University (Visiting Professor)
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1. Prologue: Global Warming, ILC Timeline &Features, Sustainable Accelerator Facility
2. The International Workshop on Sustainability
in Future Accelerators in Morioka, Iwate
3. Epilogue: ILC and GX create new technologies
and give back to society

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https://ourworldindata.org/
greenhouse-gas-emissions

1.
2.
3.
4.

Let me clarify my understandings.
The earth is currently warming due to natural cycles (Milankovitch cycle).
Global greenhouse gases are accelerating this trend.
Scientists must work to stop it. APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKA
Accelerator facilities are no exception. ACCELERATOR

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Breakdown of Global GHG Emissions.
This data shows that it is necessary toevaluate CO2 emissions over the life cycle of anaccelerator facility, not just over its operational
period.

Presentation by Suzanne Evans of ARUP, WSFA2023 in Morioka
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RF

Civil Engineering

Helium refrigerator

DampingRingl Accelerators are electric power-loading facilities and theirconstruction uses a lot of concrete and steal.
l Reducing life-cycle global GHG emissions from construction
to decommissioning of accelerator facilities is an important
issue.
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T R IS T A N

P eak(M W )T W h /year

100M W

0.4

F eatu reE n ergy F ron tier
64 G eV in 1986
L u m in osity F ron tier (F actory

KEKB

80M W

0.5

M ach in e at 10.5 G eV )2.11 E 34 /cm 2 /s in 2009
E n ergy an d L u m in osity F ron tier

IL C

130M W

0.7

250 G eV (H iggs F actory)
2.7 E 34 /cm 2/s w ith 5 H z
op eration an d p ol. e -• The table above shows how energyefficient the ILC is.
• Super-KEKB, currently in operation
at KEK, is also an eco-friendly design(nanobeam scheme) and achieves
twice the luminosity at half thecurrent of KEKB.

l These figures show data from when I was in charge of power contracts at
KEK during TRISTAN and KEKB operation.
l In a large accelerator facility, the contracted power is in the 100MW class,and the annual power consumption exceeds 0.5TWh/year.
l In the case of the ILC, the contracted power is approximately 130 MW,
and the annual power consumption is expected to be about 0.7 TWh,depending on the operating hours.
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Accelerator researchers are making following four efforts to achievesustainable accelerator facilities (In case of Japan for 3 and 4).
All efforts are made in collaboration with industry and will eventually haveto be returned to society.
① Increasing the power efficiency and performance of accelerator
components.
② Electricity used by accelerators should be provided by sustainable
power sources instead of fossil fuels, and effective local use of thewaste heat energy emitted from the accelerator.
③ To this end, we will help to increase the amount of sustainable
electricity in the region and create regional energy managementbusiness using waste heat.
④ Cooperate to increase Green Carbon (from forests), Blue Carbon (fromseaweed), and White Carbon (CO2 fixation by increasing woodenbuildings) in the region to increase CO2 absorption.

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1. Prologue: Global Warming, ILC Timeline &Features, Sustainable Accelerator Facility
2. The International Workshop on Sustainability
in Future Accelerators in Morioka, Iwate
3. Epilogue: ILC and GX create new technologies
and give back to society

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l Green ILC work should be conducted under international
collaboration.
l A compact international workshop with 57 participants (35from Japan and 22 from overseas) held in Morioka, Japan,
for three days from September 25, 2023, played an
important role in understanding the current situation andcreating a vision for the future.
l I will show here some of the highlights of this workshop anda few of Japan's policies and contributions.
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Workshop Highlights
1. According to Suzanne Evans of ARUP, CO2 emissions during ILC construction
will be 250 kilotons.
2. According to Steiner Stapnes of CERN, the CERN electricity future plan in 2050
is 50% nuclear (5 g/kWh CO2 emissions) and 50% renewable (20 g/kWh CO2emissions) => total: 12.5 g/kWh => 1 TWh/year = 12.5 kilotons of CO2
emissions.
3. I could get global perspectives inspired by Anders Sunesson (ESS) and Steiner
Stapnes (CERN)
1. Nordic countries already meet 2050 EU Targets
2. Electricity and CO2 emissions around the world
4. （ESS）
5. Japan is an island nation, so it is necessary to create its own closed scenario.
Therefore, Japan and EU have very different scenarios for achieving carbon
neutrality.
Ø Japan reduces fossil fuel use but cannot reduce to zero, so it offsets byincreasing CO2 absorption by forests (Green Carbon) and seaweed (Blue
Carbon) and CO2 fixation by constructing wooden buildings (White Carbon)
Ø Japan is blessed with renewable biomass and also is working on low-carbon
technologies in concrete and steel making by indistries.
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According to Suzanne Evans of ARUP, CO2 emissions during
ILC construction will be 250 kilotons.

• A methodology for calculating life cycle
CO2 emissions has been completed.
• The CLIC and ILC cases were evaluated indetail.
• Future reductions are also proposed.
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APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR49

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•
•

Japan is an island nation and must be a closed
scenario in one country.
Offset" scenario is reasonable because Japancannot go fossil fuel free by 2050 and is rich inrenewable biomass.

By 2050
Japan: 480g⇒100g
EU:
220g ⇒ almost zero
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https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/
This site was taught by Steiner Stapnes

World Map of CO2 Emissions/kWh: The greener the better, the darker the worse
Data not AVAILABLE for gray countries or regions
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•
•
•
•
•

I spoke with Anders Sunesson (ESS Institute) from Sweden.
Sweden and Europe have liberalized their electricity markets andelectricity is traded under free competition.
Electricity networks are interconnected and power is transmitted
and distributed across borders.
The objective of the electricity market is to use integrated
resources as efficiently as possible to meet the demands ofelectricity users.
The public can view the following electricity statuses at any timein real time (https://www.svk.se/omkraftsystemet/kontrollrummet/)
As demand for electricity increases in the morning, wind andhydroelectric power generation is increased.

• This screenshot shows thesituation in Sweden at 8:02,
October 4. You can switch between
the 7 countries.
• The lower figure shows the power
flow in the seven countries.
• In Sweden, nuclear power is thebase power source, hydro and wind
power fluctuate according to
demand.
• Hydro and thermal power adjust
the overall power balance.
• Denmark: 90% wind power.
• Norway : 90% hydro.
• Finland: 51% nuclear.
• Electricity mix varies by country

People are looking at this kind ofdata on their smartphones on adaily basis.

Wind
Hudro

OthersNuclearThermalAnders Sunesson

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• The total for the seven countries (left graph) is(1) hydro,(2) wind,(3) nuclear,(4) thermal, and(5) other, in descending order.
• Thermal power is less than 5%.
• Renewable energy 75.9%, nuclear 17.5
• Nordic countries are a good model forachieving carbon neutrality in 2050

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Finally, here are some contributions of Japanese companies to the Green
ILC
Again, Japan's strategy is to reduce CO2 emissions while simultaneously
increasing and ultimately offsetting CO2 absorption

Contributions• Green Carbon
ü H. Kikuchi, Ichinoseki City: Estimation of CO2 absorption by forestü Shibata Sangyo Inc.: Sustainable forestry• Blue Carbon: Yoshioka, Experience by Hirono-town• White Carbon: Shelter Inc.: Large scale wooden buildings• Negative CO2 emission cement development: Kajima Corporation• Waste heat utilization business using HASClay: HKK Inc.
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Ichinoseki City Regional Forest Policy Advisor
HIROSHI KIKUCHI

About CO2 absorption in
Ichinoseki Cityʼs forest resources

vast forest

Forests are CO2 sinks

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47% Planted Forest: 31465 ha
53% Natural Forest: 34895 ha
Total 66363 ha

In planted forests, cedar is themost abundant species,
followed by red pine.

Natural forests are mostly
broadleaf tree.

Estimation by Hiroshi Kikuchi-san, advisor to the Ichinoseki City Agricultural Land andForestry Department:l The entire Ichinoseki forest absorbs 303.53 kilotons of CO2 per year.
l The average annual CO2 absorption per unit area is 4.57 t/year/ha.
l Japan's Forestry Agency estimates that an ideally managed artificial cedar forest canabsorb 8.8 t CO2 per hectare each year. Ichinoseki forest management has room for
improvement.

l This amount, 303.53 kilotons of CO2 per year is already sufficient to cover the total
emissions of the ILC by the CO2 emission factor, which should be so around 2040.
l Of course, it is necessary to consider the CO2 balance of Ichinoseki City as a whole.
YOSHIOKA
to COLLIDER
furtherSCHOOL
reduceemissions and increase absorption.
l Therefore, it is important to tryAPPI
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Blue Carbon (CO2 absorption by seaweed in coastal areasin the town of Hirono, northern Iwate Prefecture)
CO2 absorption by seaweed is very promising because it is slightly better thanthat of forests.

l Creating artificial tidal pools (4m wide and 1m
deep ditches, total length 17.5 km) to create aflow of fresh seawater due to the difference intidal range, which encourages the growth of
wakame (seaweed) and kelp.
l Seaweed is eventually anchored to theseafloor as flow algae.
l 3106.5 t (CO2 equivalent) certified as J Blue
Credit.
l Sea urchins (very tasty) are now abundant as
a byproduct.
l J Blue Credits are blue carbon credits issued
and sold by JBE (Japan Business andEconomy Technology Research Association).
l JBE is composed of the National Maritime,
Port and Aviation Research Institute, theSasakawa Peace Foundation, and individual
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Green ILC Summary
l ILC Lab (will be established in near future, hopefully) shouldmake further effort to advance energy-saving technologies.
l On the other hand, as a region with a candidate site, we willcontinue our efforts to realize a sustainable society by the time
construction of the “ILC in Japan” begins.
l To this end, we will make efforts to deepen cooperation
between the ILC and local primary industries (agriculture,
forestry, and fisheries).
l Furthermore, we will use the technology of the ILC waste heatrecovery project to build a regional thermal energy circulation
system.

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1. Prologue: Global Warming, ILC Timeline &Features, Sustainable Accelerator Facility
2. The International Workshop on Sustainability
in Future Accelerators in Morioka, Iwate
3. Epilogue: ILC and GX create new technologies
and give back to society

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l Accelerators are the product of the synthesis of a wide field of science and technology.
l Conversely, advances in accelerator science have led to innovations in a wide range offields of science and technology. Followings are past examples.

Information Management
Innovation WWW CERN

ILC

GX

Japan's newest
Innovative Cancer Therapy
synchrotron radiation
System with Linear Accelerator, facility, Nanoterasu,
expected to play an active
CERN/ADAMS
role in drug design.

Innovations in Structural
Biology at Spring-8

Create new technologies and industries
Let me give you just one example of the impact of ILC x GX
on society.
• ILC researchers are studying the use of Nb3Sn alloys tofurther improve the performance of superconducting
accelerator cavities in order to improve energy efficiency
at the ILC.
• If successful, a high-power compact electron linac could
be realized, which would have applications in many fields
such as drug discovery, environmental pollution control,and shortening the life of nuclear waste.
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Overview of the ILC, its significance andimpact on the region and sustainability
considerations• Accelerator science is the culmination of a wide range of science andtechnology and is a very interesting field!
• It requires knowledge of a very broad range of fields, and I am surethat everyone's strengths can be utilized in the field of accelerator
science.
• Moreover, there are many opportunities not only in high-energy
physics, but also in synchrotron radiation, neutrons, medical
applications, industry, and many other fields.
• In other words, it is a field where science and society are deeply
connected.

• Come and join us in the accelerator field!
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Backup

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l Where is Iwate Prefecturel Where is ILC candidate sitel What is ILC?
The ILC is an eco-friendly accelerator basedon a superconducting RF technology that is
power efficient and sustainable

Tunnel design for ILC Kitakami
candidate site (ILC 250GeV 20.5km)

Damping Ring

Positron Linac
Electron Linac
Colliding point
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Rey.hori/KEKAPPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

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30年間！

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15年間以上

急降下！

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経済も学術も低迷する
ニッポンの基礎体⼒を復活しなければならない
最近の政府の梃⼊れ
l アルテミス計画への参⼊
l 半導体産業への投資
l ⼤学ファンド
l JAXAへの1兆円ファンド

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ここまでがプロローグ、これから本題
1.少し加速器の歴史と医療応⽤
2.ILCのこと
3.⼤型国際研究機関の意義（CERNに学ぶ）
4.地域はILCをどのように活かすべきか
5.グリーンILC
6.エピローグ
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

82

1895年 加速器の祖先はウイルヘルム・C・レントゲンのX線管の発明
直ちに、医療応⽤が世界に広がる、つまり加速器は医療応⽤から始まった

2年後の1897年にJ.J.トムソン
が電⼦を発⾒する。
これが⼈類が最初に発⾒した「素粒⼦」なのです。

1931年にローレンスとリビ
ングストンがロルフ・ビデ
レの線形⾼周波加速装置に触発されサイクロトロンを
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKA 発明
83
ACCELERATOR

75年間で4インチから27キロメートルまで進化
1931年
4 inchesローレンス

LHC(Large Hadron Collider, 陽⼦・陽⼦衝突）
2012年にヒッグス粒⼦を発⾒
陽⼦は複合粒⼦のため、詳細スタディに向かない
電⼦・陽電⼦衝突のILCが必要
27km

2つの⼤発明。
① 固定ターゲット実験から衝突型ビーム実験へ
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKA② 超伝導技術の応⽤（ビーム収束、ビーム加速）
ACCELERATOR

84

がん3⼤治療法① 外科② 抗がん剤③ 加速器
1. X線
2. 陽⼦線
3. 重粒⼦4. 中性⼦
がん診断法
① CT
② MRI
③ ⾻シンチグラフィ④ PET⑤ X線透視APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATORl ⽇本⼈は何故か放射線治療を選択したがらないl レントゲン写
真やCTは良く受ける
85右肩上がり右肩上がり

分割照射
l 正常細胞は回復
l がん細胞は徐々に死ぬ

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

ここが加速器86私は現在、初期の前⽴腺がんで内分泌療法中ですが、来春にIMRTを受ける予定です

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

87

郡⼭の総合南東北病院
陽⼦線がん治療施設

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

88

郡⼭の総合南東北病院
中性⼦線を使った新療法
BNCT（ボロン・中性⼦捕獲療法）

放射線療法
① X線
② 陽⼦線
③ 重粒⼦線
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKA④ BNCTACCELERATOR

⾃分がガンになったら、お医者様と相談し、症状に合わせて最適な⽅法を選
びましょう89

1.少し加速器の歴史と医療応⽤
2.ILCのこと
3.⼤型国際研究機関の意義（CERNに学ぶ）
4.地域はILCをどのように活かすべきか
5.グリーンILC
6.エピローグ
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

90

宇宙の誕⽣138億年前の量⼦揺らぎ⇒インフレーション⇒ビッグバン⇒宇宙の晴れ上がり
誕⽣から10−36〜10−34秒
後の急膨張

10−27秒後、ビッグバンのはじまり38万年後に
光が直進

様々なタイプの望遠鏡による観測

加速器
による
実験

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR91

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

92

2027〜2028年の着⼯を⽬指しています

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

93

11⽉28⽇〜12⽉1⽇
ICFAセミナー＠DESYハンブルクl 2023年6⽉
技術設計書・国際レビューl 2023年9⽉
同・国際コストレビュー
l 2024〜2027年
EDR作成（⼯学設計）
l 2027年
建設開始
l 2035年
建設完了

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

94

1.少し加速器の歴史と医療応⽤
2.ILCのこと
3.⼤型国際研究機関の意義（CERNに学ぶ）
4.地域はILCをどのように活かすべきか
5.グリーンILC
6.エピローグ
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

95

l ユーザーの30％が⻑期滞在と仮定すると7900⼈が滞在
l 個々⼈が年間500万円⽀出すると~400億円
がインバウンド効果
l 1200MCHF＝1700億円
l スイス分担⾦は4.12％なので70億円

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

96

1.少し加速器の歴史と医療応⽤
2.ILCのこと
3.⼤型国際研究機関の意義（CERNに学ぶ）
4.地域はILCをどのように活かすべきか
5.グリーンILC
6.エピローグ
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

97

平井貞義⽒のスライド
NTTファシリティーズ

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR98

ILCサマリー
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

技術よし
サイトよし
欧⽶もよし
経済性よし（経済・技術波及効果）
多⽂化共⽣よし（⽂化波及効果）
地元地域受け⼊れよし（まちづくり）
中国がヒタヒタと迫ってきている
ILC2029年建設開始が研究者の⽬標
⽇本の国際的信⽤を保とう！
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

99

1.少し加速器の歴史と医療応⽤
2.ILCのこと
3.⼤型国際研究機関の意義（CERNに学ぶ）
4.地域はILCをどのように活かすべきか
5.グリーンILC
6.エピローグ
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

100

https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/
北欧は再エネ⼤国原⼦⼒ 21.2%
⽕⼒ 6.8%
その他 1.3%
⽔⼒ 51.3%
⾵⼒ 19.4%

独は⽇本よりCO2排出が多い

仏は原⼦⼒⼤国APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

101

https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/

東北電⼒は⽯炭・ガスと太陽光・⽔⼒

九州電⼒は原⼦⼒と太陽光

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

102

https://gurilabo.igrid.co.jp/article/3329/

⽇本の戦略私⾒l 再エネを増加すべき• 陸上、洋上⾵⼒• 未利⽤バイオマス、新バイオマス
l CO2吸収量を増加すべき• グリーンカーボン（森林）• ブルーカーボン（沿岸・藻）• ホワイトカーボン（⽊造建築）

現状
化⽯燃料⽕⼒が72%
再エネについて、⽇本は太陽光が異常に伸びている

⽇経ESG
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

103

ホワイトカーボン（⼤型⽊造建築によるＣＯ２の固定）
弊社は⼤規模⽊造建築にこだわり、多くの経験を積んでまいりました。本講演では、地球温暖化防⽌のソリューションとして⽊材を活⽤することの意義について述べると
ともに、ILCの⼤型実験室を例に、⽊造建築とCO2吸収の相関関係を明らかにする。

⼭形県南陽市市⺠ホール
⽊造＋RC基礎

シェルター社が設計・施⼯した純⽊造、7階建ての「⾼惣⽊⼯ビル」（仙台駅東）
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

104

グリーンILCまとめl ILCグループは省エネ技術の⾼度化にたゆまぬ努⼒をはらって
います
•
•
•

超伝導加速空洞のさらなる性能増強
クライストロンや電源の電⼒効率アップ
その他

l ⼀⽅、候補地を持つ地域としては、「ILC in Japan」の着⼯までに、持続可能な社会を実現するための努⼒を続けていか
ねばなりません••••

持続可能なまちづくり
再⽣可能エネルギーの増強（⾵⼒、⽔⼒、未利⽤バイオマス・・・）
ILCの排熱回収プロジェクトの技術を活⽤し、地域の熱エネルギー循環システムの構築（今⽇は触れませんでしたが）ILCと地域の⼀次産業（農林⽔産業）との連携を深める

APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

105

1.少し加速器の歴史と医療応⽤
2.ILCのこと
3.⼤型国際研究機関の意義（CERNに学ぶ）
4.地域はILCをどのように活かすべきか
5.グリーンILC
6.エピローグ
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

106

全体サマリーl ⽇本はもはや先進国ではない
l 学術・技術とも⻑期低落傾向にある
l 挽回するには基礎体⼒増強を要する
l それがＩＬＣ⼤型国際研究機関⽴地
l 国際機関⽴地は平和の象徴
l 技術・経済・⽂化の波及効果は計り知れないl 実現には持続可能性を満たさねばならぬ
謝辞：
東北ILC事業推進センターのメンバー
岩⼿県ILC推進協議会のサポート
AAA先端加速器科学技術推進協議会メンバー
岩⼿県草の根勉強会メンバー

ご清聴ありがとうございました
APPI COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKAACCELERATOR

107

Last week, Professor Atsuto Suzuki asked me to give alecture at this school !

Former KEK DG
President of IPU

Suzuki-sensei is a great physicist.
As far as I know, he has made many achievements inneutrino physics and trained many students.
I am sure you are well aware of his achievements at
Kamiokande, Super-Kamiokande, and KamLAND.
Among them, my personal favorite achievement is thathe opened the door to Earth neutrino science.
By detecting unti-neutrino from the earth
at KamLAND, it was clarified that thereason why the Earth's interior is still hot
today is that the energy of radiation
emitted from unstable nuclear species isconverted into heat.

He was recently honored as a Person of Cultural Merit and was also appointed as a
COLLIDER SCHOOL YOSHIOKA
member of the Japan Academy of APPI
Sciences.
108
ACCELERATOR