2024 年度（令和 6 年度）学校推薦型選抜 問題

小論

文

国際商経学部（グローバルビジネスコース）

注意事項
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I. Read the following passage and then answer the questions in English.
Like any author, translators want to be appreciated for their work instead ofbeing often ignored by the audiences. Many times they have been overlooked in theartistic and literary process, but translators have long claimed they have the power
to change everything.
There are tales of myths being born, societies being created, and cities destroyed
with just a slip of the pen, such as the supposed translation error that apparently led
to the US deciding to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, or the speculation aboutlife on Mars after the work of an Italian astronomer was mistakenly translated.
According to Richard Mansell, a senior lecturer in translation at Exeter
University, in the literary world there are entire studies dedicated to criticising theless than perfect translations of famous writers from various cultures. “But,” he says,“there are also plenty of examples where we gain through translation. English poetry
was enriched by translations from Italian, and many English expressions have theirorigin in the King James Version of the Bible.”
Recently, the work of translators was in the spotlight after the writer Yilin
Wang said she did not receive any appreciation or payment for her translations of
the work of Qiu Jin in the British Museum’s China’s Hidden Century exhibition. Themuseum has called it an “unintentional human error,” removed her work from theexhibition, and offered to pay Wang £150 for the time they were displayed. But for
Wang, a translator, poet and editor who lives in Vancouver, the museum’s apology
did not sound entirely true.
“It’s really important to respect the labour of translators, who are often erased inpublishing and academia,” Wang said. “Publishers neglect to put the name oftranslators on covers, book reviewers forget to name translators, and now, thishappens.” She added: “Translation is an art, and it takes me just as long to translate
a poem as it takes for me to write an original one in English. I have to work hard toresearch the poet, the times they’re living in, and the literary forms they’re working
in, then find creative ways to convey the spirit of their work in English. Classic
Chinese poetry has many cultural idioms, specific rhythm, and completely different
grammar and syntactical structures to English.”
Shaun Whiteside, the former president of the European Council of LiteraryTranslators Associations, said the incident with the British Museum was “a terrible
example of the translator being ignored,” which was made worse by the removal of
Wang’s work from the exhibition.
Languages do not relate to one another in straightforward, one-to-one
equivalences, which means the translator always needs to activate their skill incrafting texts the reader wants to read. It is a different kind of creativity to coming
up with the plot for a novel or a short story, which involves the imagination of
inventing worlds that didn’t exist before. Translation is more closely related tocrafting poetry, in that sense, as it is mainly concerned with language itself.
Sara Crofts, the chief executive of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting,emphasised that translators played a vital role in building bridges between nations
and cultures. “Yet very often their work is not properly appreciated, and invisible.
The sign of a good translation is that the reader isn’t aware that it is even atranslation, making the translators’ work, by definition, unseen.”
Adapted from “‘Translation is an art’: why translators are battling for recognition”The Guardian. July 3, 2023.

Questions
1. Write a summary of this article in about 200 words. Use your own words. Do notcopy phrases from the passage.
2. Explain why the reaction of the British Museum to Yilin Wang’s complaint was
inappropriate (about 100 words).
3. Do you think the translators’ work can be replaced by AI (Artificial Intelligence)in the near future? Explain your response in about 250 words.