Health systems – overview
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WHO (2000) World Health Report 2000 Health Systems: Improving Performance.
https://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/
WHO: Health Systems Governancehttps://www.who.int/health-topics/health-systems-governance
Arts WA, Gelissen J (2002) Three worlds of welfare capitalism or more? A state-of-the-art report.
Journal of European Social Policy, 12 (2): 137-158.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0952872002012002114
Polikowski M, Santos-Eggimann B (2002) How comprehensive are the basic packages of healthservices? An international comparison of six health insurance systems. Journal of Health Services
Research and Policy, 7(3): 133-142. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26749756
Joumard I, André C, Nicq C (2010) Health Care Systems: Efficiency and Institutions. OECD
Economics Department Working Papers, No. 769, OECD Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmfp51f5f9t-en
Kruk ME, Gage AD, Arsenault C, Jordan K, Leslie HH, Roder-DeWan S, Adeyi O, et al. 2018. “HighQuality Health Systems in the Sustainable Development Goals Era: Time for a Revolution.” The
Lancet Global Health 6 (11): e1196–1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3 .
Kieny MP, Bekedam H, Dovlo D, Fitzgerald J, Habicht J, Harrison G, Kluge H, et al. 2017.
“Strengthening Health Systems for Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development.”
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 95 (7): 537–39. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.187476 .
The Commonwealth Fund: International Health Care System Profiles.
https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/system-profiles
Sun X (2019) World Health Systems. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119509646

Definition of health systems●WHO (2000)●In today’s complex world, it can be difficult to say exactly what a health systemis, what it consists of, and where it begins and ends. This report defines ahealth system to include all the activities whose primary purpose is topromote, restore or maintain health.
●Formal health services, including the professional delivery of personal
medical attention, are clearly within these boundaries. So are actions bytraditional healers, and all use of medication, whether prescribed by aprovider or not. So is home care of the sick, which is how somewhere between
70% and 90% of all sickness is managed. Such traditional public healthactivities as health promotion and disease prevention, and other healthenhancing interventions like road and environmental safety improvement,
are also part of the system. Beyond the boundaries of this definition are those
activities whose primary purpose is something other than health – education,for example – even if these activities have a secondary, health-enhancing
benefit. Hence, the general education system is outside the boundaries, but
specifically health-related education is included. So are actions intended
chiefly to improve health indirectly by influencing how non-health systems
function – for example, actions to increase girls’ school enrolment or change
the curriculum to make students better future caregivers and consumers ofhealth care.

Health system scheme by WHO(2000)
Functions the system performs

Objectives of the system

Stewardship(oversight)
Responsiveness(to people's non-medicalexpectations)
Creating resources(investment andtraining)

Deliveringservices(provision)

HealthFair (financial)
contribution

Financing(collecting, poolingand purchasing)Relative scores of health systems
responsiveness elements, 1999 (WHO, 2000)

Health systems and welfare states
typology (Arts, 2002)●●

Health systems are closely related with overallsocial welfare strategy.
Esping-Andersen's 3 types of welfare state arewell known.

Classification of welfare states byArts (2002)

Coverage of health services by social healthinsurance schemes (Polikowski, 2002)

Country-specific health services(Polikowski, 2002)

Tree structures for indicators on healthpolicies and institutions (Joumard, 2010)

Classification of countries by 2 principal
components (Joumard, 2010)

6 healthcare models (Joumard, 2010)

6 healthcare models shown as treestructure (Joumard, 2010)

Country profile as 2 radarcharts

Evaluating health systems quality inrelation to SDGs

Source: Kruk ME et al. 2018. “High-Quality Health Systems in the Sustainable
Development Goals Era: Time for a Revolution.” The Lancet Global Health 6 (11):e1196–1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3 .

Terms and indicators for national
health systems quality

Source: Kieny MP et al. 2017. “Strengthening Health Systems for Universal Health
Coverage and Sustainable Development.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 95 (7):537–39. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.187476 .

Assignment for 13 June 2024●●●●Please select one country.
Investigate the health/medical care system,
including various aspects such as finance andinsurance, planning, human resources, and soon.
Summarize the system.
Explain it within 15-20 minutes with discussion(within 30 minutes in total).