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࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡶࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢⅬࢆࡋࡁࡾ࡟ᙉ
ㄪࡍࡿࡀࠊᜥᏊ࡟ྥࡅࡓᙼࡢᣦᑟࡣᚭᗏⓗ࡟෭ᚭ࡞ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊே㛫ࡢࠕ᝟ࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢ┠ࡣࠊ㐣㓞࡞࡯࡝ࢻࣛ࢖࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㍕ծॖƱ૨‫ ܖ‬Ü ᛖǓƷžɠ‫ݗ‬ſǛǊƙƬƯ➨㸯㸰ᅇዪࢆ᎘࠺ࡓࡵࡢసἲୗ㜿㒊බᙪ
Abe Masahikoዪ᎘࠸ࡢ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡾ࡜ぢ࠼ࡿࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬ࡣࠊ⊜␲ᚰࡸィ⟬㧗ࡉࡀ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ㘽࡜࡞ࡗࡓᴫᛕࡀ࠶
ࡿࠋࠕὀពࠖ attention ࡛࠶ࡿࠋே㛫ࢆࡕࡷࢇ࡜⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡟ࡣᮏࢆㄞࡴࡢ࡜ྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ࡢὀព࡜⇕ᚰࡉࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㈼ࡉࡢぢᴟࡵ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࡦࡻࡗ
࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᮏࢆㄞࡴ࡜ࡁ௨ୖࡢࡶࡢࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ⚾࡟ࡣ௒ࠊከࡃࡢᖺ㓄ࡢேࡢ▱ࡾྜ࠸ࡀ࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣ୍⏕ࢆୖὶ♫఍࡛ࡍࡈࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚ࡶࠊࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ㍍⋡࡛୙ὀពࡔࡗ
ࡓ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ࠊ 15 ṓࡢ࡜ࡁ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ఱࡶᏛࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࠊࡔࡽࡔࡽ࡜ࡃࡔࡽ࡞࠸࠾ࡋࡷ࡭ࡾ࡟ࡩࡅࡿࡔࡅ࡛ே㛫ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿ࡞࡝࡜ࡣࠊࡺࡵࡺࡵ⪃࠼࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ༢࡟ேࢆぢࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊぢᢤ࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋ 4344ே㛫ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆᣦ༡ࡍࡿ♩⠇᭩ࡸసἲ᭩࡟㏻ᗏࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ
ே㛫ࡢ⣽࠿࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡟ὀព῝ࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ಁࡍࠊほᐹ⪅ࡢ⢭⚄2 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬2⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡇࡑ࠶ࢀࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ேࡶ⏕ࡲࢀࡘࡁࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊ࡝ࡢேࡶ࠶ࡿࡦ࡜ࡘࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ឤ᝟࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ࡯࠿ࡢឤ᝟ࡀࡑࡢឤ᝟࡟࿐ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ኱஦࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡲࡎࡑࡢேࡢ୰࡛࡝ࡢឤ᝟ࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࠿
ぢᴟࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࠋᚰࡢぁ࡟ࢃࡅ࠸ࡗ࡚ࠊྠࡌឤ᝟࡛ࡶே࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢാࡁࡀࡐࢇࡐࢇ㐪࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡿࡢࡔࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡶࡋ࠶ࡿே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆぢࡘࡅฟࡋࡓ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࡢ
ឤ᝟ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁࡣỴࡋ࡚ࡑࡢேࢆಙ⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟Ẽࢆࡘࡅࡿࡢࡔࠋᚲせ࡞ࡽࠊࡑࡢឤ᝟ࢆຓࡅ࡟ࡑࡢேࢆㄝᚓࡍࡿࡢࡶ࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊᙼࡀఱ࠿ㄋ࠸ࢆ❧࡚ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࡃࢀࡄࢀࡶ⏝ᚰࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋ 44ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣே㛫ࡢ࡜ࡾࢃࡅឤ᝟ⓗ࡞㒊ศࢆࡦ࡝ࡃ㆙ᡄࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡢ࣑ࢯࢪࢽ࣮ࡢ᰿※࡟ࡶࠊዪᛶࡀぢࡏࡿឤ᝟ᛶ࡬ࡢ᎘ᝏࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊே㛫ࡀឤ᝟࠿ࡽ⮬⏤࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶᙼࡣ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ฼⏝ࡏࡼࠊ࡜࠸࠺
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
1 ෆᐜࡢࡏ࠸ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࢆ⫯ᐃⓗ࡟ㄽࡎࡿ◊✲⪅ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᩘᑡ࡞࠸᧦ㆤ⪅ࡢࡦ࡜ࡾࡢࣉ࣮ࣞࣥࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡀࣟࢵࢡ௨᮶ࡢࠕእほࠖ࡜ࠕ⌧ᐇࠖࡢ┦ඞࡢၥ㢟࡟㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡕ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋཀࡣࠕእほࠖࡀከࡃࢆỴࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺♫఍ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ၥ㢟ព㆑ࢆᣢࡕࡘࡘࡶࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ௙᪉࡞ࡃ⮬ศ࡞ࡾࡢฎୡ⾡ࢆ☻ࡁୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡢぢ᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

3 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬3┦ᡭ࡟ࡣ⮬ศࡢど⥺ࢆẼྲྀࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࢳ࢙
ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢ㔜せ࡞ᩍ࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋ┦ᡭ࡟㆙ᡄࡉࡏ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡽࠊࡇࡕࡽࡀ┦ᡭࡢࡇ࡜ࢆほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⭡㯮ࡃ࡚ఱࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ே≀࡜ぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺
Ẽࢆࡘࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢇ࡞ࡩ࠺࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓࡽࠊዲࡲ
ࡋࡃ࡞࠸ே≀࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊఱ࠿ᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ௻ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜࡜ࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡕࡽࡀ┦ᡭ࡟ఱࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢃ
ࡽ࠿࡞࠸ே≀࡜ぢࡽࢀࡓࡽࠊ┦ᡭࡶࡇࡕࡽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᐇ㝿ఱࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡟࡛ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺
ࡋࡓࡽࠊఱࡶぢᢤࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ 105ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࢆ㈏࠸࡚࠶ࡿࡢࡣ ࠊࠕୖရࡉࠖ decency ࡜࠿䛂㐺ษࡉࠖ propriety ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᚨࡢព㆑ࡔࡗࡓࠋ16 ୡ⣖௨᮶ࠊᚎࠎ࡟ⱥᅜ࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋࠊ17 ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ 18 ୡ⣖࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ୍Ẽ࡟㏻಑໬ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓ࣐ࢼ࣮࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡇࡔࢃࡾࡀࠊ politeness ࡜࠿ࠊto give pleasure ࡜࠸ࡗࡓゝ࠸ᅇࡋࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ
࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋㄝ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡔᗂᑡᮇ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᡭ⣬࡟ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞୍
⠇ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋே⏕ࡢࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡣရࡔࠋࡑࢀࡣሙࢆࢃࡁ
ࡲ࠼ࡓ㐺ษ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࠋ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡁ࠶ࡿሙ
ᡤ࡛ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊูࡢ≧ἣ࡛ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃチࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㐟ࢇ࡛ࡶ࠸࠸᫬㛫࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ୍᪥ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࠊ࣓ࢸ࢙࣮ࣝࡉࢇࡀ᮶࡚ࡃࡔࡉ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊࡓࡇᥭࡆࢆࡋࡓࡾࠊ9 ࣆࣥࢤ࣮࣒ࢆࡋࡓࡾ
ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ⾜൤ࡀᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔ࡜⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞
࠸ࠋ኱࠸࡟㋀ࡿࡢࡶ⤖ᵓࠋࡔࡅ࡝ࠊ㋀ࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡢࡣ⯙㋃఍
ࡸ㐟ࡧࡢ࡜ࡁࡔࠋᩍ఍࡟⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࡸ࠾ⴿᘧࡢ᭱୰࡟㋀ࡗࡓ
ࡾࡋࡓࡽࠊࣂ࢝ࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 1213ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ♫஺άືࡣࠊ୍᫬ࡶᚰࢆఇࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊㄞࡴ࠿ㄞࡲࢀࡿ࠿ࡢ⥭ᙇឤ࡟ᐩࢇࡔᡓሙࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋዲពⓗ࡟ぢࢀࡤ࠸࠿࡟ࡶእ஺ᐁࡽࡋ࠸⪃࠼᪉࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏕ࡁ᪉ࢆᜥᏊ࡟ᩍ࠼ㅍࡍ࡜࠸࠺࠶ࡓࡾ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟㟢㦵࡞ィ⟬㧗ࡉ࡜ഇၿⓗ࡛ࣔࣛࣝࡢḞዴࡋࡓே⏕ほࢆぢ࡚㎢᫆ࡍࡿ
ேࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢே⏕カࡣࠊ୍᪉࡛ᜥᏊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឡ᝟ࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡣࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ௚⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᝏព
࡜㆙ᡄᚰ࡟‶ࡕ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⨾ᚨ࡜ࡣ⦕ࡢ࡞࠸ࠊࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ฼ᕫⓗ࡞ᣦ༡᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡵࡿ㒊ศࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋከࡃࡢᩥே࡜ࡶ஺ࢃࡾࢆᣢࡕࠊᨻ⏺ࡢ᭷ຊ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚⳹ࡸ࠿࡞⯙ྎ࡟࠸ࡓே≀ࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⏕ࠎࡋ࠸⮬ㄝ㛤㝞ࡣࠊㄞ⪅࡟ࢭࣞࣈࡢᬯ㒊ࢆᇉ㛫ぢࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ẽศࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀ࡟ࡲࡗࡓࡃࠕᚨࠖࡢほᛕࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡑ࠺࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁ㏫࡛ࠊࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ရ࡜ࢃࡁࡲ࠼ࡇࡑࡀே⏕ࡢ୍኱஦ࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ
ࡣࠊࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸࡜ࡁ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࡑࢀ⮬య࡜ࡾࡓ࡚࡚␗ᖖ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ᩍ࠼ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀᴟ➃࡞ᐇ౛ࡸ⣽ᚰࡢὀព࡟࠿ࡽࡵ࡚ㄝ࠿ࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ㐣๫࡛ୖ㎶ࡔࡅࡢ⧋࠸࡟ぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠕ➗࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ࡜ࡾࢃࡅὀពࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋ࠸ࡘࡶ࡟ࡇ࡟ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔࡀࠊኌࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚➗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࡾࡋࡓࡽࡐࡗࡓ
࠸ࡔࡵࡔࠖ 72 ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺ຓゝ࡟ࡣ㦫ࡃࠋࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝ

4 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012

5 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬4ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬

5ࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟⬌ᩓ⮯࠸㒊ศ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡋࡤࡋࡤ࠶ࡆࡘࡽࢃࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ⫗ࡢษࡾ᪉ carving ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞୍⠇ࡔࡗࡓࠋ
⣽࠿࠸ࡇ࡜࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ௚࡟ࡶゝࡗ࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠸࡬ࢇல⣽࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡝ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ୍᪥୍ᅇࡣ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡔ
࠿ࡽࠊὀពࡀᚲせࡔࠋࡑࢀࡣ⫗ࡢษࡾ᪉ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࠋྩࡣୖᡭ
࡟ࡑ࠺ࡗ࡜ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㸽 ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶ㦵࡜᱁㜚ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸࠿㸽 ࿘ࡾࡢே࡟ࢯ࣮ࢫࢆࡣࡡ㣕ࡤࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿㸽 ࢢࣛࢫࢆࡦࡗࡃࡾ࠿࠼ࡋ࡚㞄ࡢேࡢ࣏ࢣࢵࢺࢆࡧࡋࡻ⃿ࢀ࡟ࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࡞࠸࠿㸽 ࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛୙సἲ࡞ࡢࡣࡓ࠸࡬ࢇࡳࡗ࡜ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ࠶ࡲࡾࡋࡻࡗࡕࡹ࠺㉳ࡁࡿ࡜ࠊࡳࢇ࡞ࡢ➗࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡕࡻࡗ࡜ὀពࡍࢀࡤ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡢࡔࠋ 68 2ࡓ࠿ࡀࢼ࢖ࣇ࡜ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࡢ౑࠸᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡔࡅࡶࡗࡓ࠸ࡪࡗ࡚ㄒࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ୍⠇⮬యࡀ኱࠸࡟ㅕ่ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ
ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊpoliteness ࡜࠸࠺⨾ᚨࢆࡘࡡ࡟㢌࡟⨨ࡁࡘࡘࠊ⣽࠿࠸సἲ࡟┠㓄ࡾࡍࡿࡢࡀே㛫࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜࡞ࡢࡔ࡜࠸
࠺ጼໃࡣࠊ17 ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ 18 ୡ⣖࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ⱥᅜࢆそࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓつ⠊࡬ࡢಙዊ࡜ᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎ㍈ࢆ୍࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࠶ࡿព࿡࡛ࡣ 1774 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡣࠊ 16 ୡ⣖௨᮶ࡢ♩⠇᭩ࠊసἲ᭩ࡢᬑཬࡀࡓ࡝ࡾ╔࠸ࡓࡦ࡜ࡘࡢᴟⅬࡔࡗࡓ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ఍ヰ⾡࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ
㣗༟࡛ࡢ࣐ࢼ࣮࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡍ࡛࡟ヲࡋࡃぢࡓࠗ࢞ࣛࢸ࣮࢜࠘ࡸ䛄♩⠇ࡢỴࡲࡾ࠘௨᮶ࠊ኱㝣࠿ࡽ㍺ධࡉࢀࡘ࡙ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓᐑᘐᩥ໬ࡢఏ⤫ࢆỮࢇࡔࡶࡢ࡟ࡣ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘࡟ࡣࡗࡁࡾ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆᢏ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊୖ㎶ࡢぢࡏ࠿ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡔࠊࡑ
ࡋ࡚㠀ᎠᏊ࡜࠸࠺ࣁࣥࢹࢆ⫼㈇ࡗࡓே㛫ࡣࠊฟୡࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡲ
3ࡉ࡟ࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠊ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡔ࠿ࡽࠊ఍ヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣐ࢼ࣮ࢆㄝࡃ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡶࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢫࡣࠊࡑࡢฟࡔࡋ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ࠸࠿࡟┦ᡭࢆᚰᆅⰋࡃࡉࡏࡿ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᚨ࠿ࡽฟⓎࡋࡘࡘࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣࡓ࠸࡬ࢇᢏ⾡ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ┦ᡭࢆᚰᆅⰋࡃࡉࡏࡿᢏࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡢࡣ኱஦࡞ࡇ࡜ࡔࡀࠊ
ࡑ࠺⡆༢࡟⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡍࢀࡤ࠸࠸࡜࠸࠺つ๎ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋ⚾ࡀᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶࠊྩ⮬㌟ࡢ┤ほࡸほᐹࡀຓࡅ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⮬ศࡀࡋ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࡇ࡜
ࢆࡍࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ┦ᡭࢆᚰᆅⰋࡃࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ☜ᐇ࡞᪉ἲࡔࠋ┦ᡭࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠸࠸࠿ࢆὀព῝ࡃほᐹࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ┦ᡭࡔࡗ࡚ྠࡌ
࡛ࠊྩࡀࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ẼᣢࡕⰋࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎࡔࠋࡶࡋ┦ᡭࡀྩࡢẼᣢࡕࡸዲࡳࡸ㊃࿡࡟ዲពࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ
ࡾࠊᑛ㔜ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓࡾࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ྩࡀⰋ࠸Ẽศࡀࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊྩࡀ┦ᡭ࡟ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ┦ᡭࡶⰋ࠸Ẽศ࡟࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡞ࡢࡔࠋࡑࡢሙࡢ㞺ᅖẼ࡟ྜࢃࡏࡿࡢࡔࠋ⮬ศࡀ㞺ᅖẼࢆࡘࡃࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜࡟࠿ࡃࡑࡢሙࡢ✵Ẽࢆㄞࢇ࡛ࠊ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࡲࡌࡵ࡟ࠊ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㝧Ẽ࡟ࠊ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࡣࡋࡷ࠸࡛ぢࡏࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡸࡗ࡚඲య࡟ዊ௙ࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࠸
ࡿ࡜ࡁࡢಶேࡢົࡵ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࠋ 573 ࣉ࣮ࣞࣥࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㢼₻ࢆࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡀ⶝ᘏࡉࡏࡓ

2 ࡇࡢ୍⠇ࡣ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ∧ᮍ཰㘓ࡢࡓࡵࠊ 1774 ᖺ∧ ➨ 2

ᕳ ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡑࡢ㡫ᩘࢆグࡋࡓࠋ

6 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬6ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣỴࡋ࡚࡞ࡃࠊ᫬௦ࡀᙼ࡟ࡑ࠺ࡉࡏࡓࠊ 18 ୡ⣖࡜ࡣࡑ࠺࠸࠺᫬௦ࡔࡗࡓࡢࡔ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 515 ࠋ

7 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬7఍ヰࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡶࠊ࠸ࡘࡶ࿘ᅖࡢ✵Ẽࢆㄞࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚⚄⤒㉁࡞࡯࡝࡟ࠕᚰᆅⰋࡃࡉࡏࡿࠖ toplease ࡜࠸࠺ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕ࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡿࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡔࡀࠊࡑࡢ┿ពࡀ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࡝ࡇ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡼࡃ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ㟢㦵࡞⶜どࢆぢࡏࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠊᚰᆅⰋࡉࡢ㏣ồ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᙼ⮬㌟ࡀዪ
ᛶࡢయ⌧ࡍࡿ౯್࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟㌟ࢆᢞࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶぢ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋᙼࡣഇၿⓗ࡛ࠕぢ࠿ࡅࠖ࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡿዪᛶࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆࡘࡃ
ࡾ࠶ࡆࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࠶ࡊ➗࠺ࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣᙼ⮬㌟ࡀࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡑࡢዪᛶࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜㔜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆ᥎ዡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟㏱ࡅ࡚ぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠊ㐺ษ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆฟୡࡢࡓࡵࡢ㔜せ࡞ᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚ᜥᏊ࡟ఏᤵࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡘࡘ
ࡶࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬ศࡢ᪉㔪࡟ࡦࡑࡴ⅊Ồࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡟㕌ឤ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ᙼࡢ⊂≉࡞ᒃᚰᆅࡢᝏࡉࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
䛄ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡀ♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊࠕᚰᆅⰋࡃࡉࡏࡿࠖࡓࡵࡢ♩⠇࡜࠸࠺♫఍ⓗ࡞⿦⨨ࡀࠊ༢⣧࡞ᚰᆅⰋࡉ࡜ࡣ࡯࡝㐲࠸῝ㅛ㐲៖ࡸ㆙ᡄ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡑಖ࡚ࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆேࡀព㆑ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀ 18 ୡ⣖࡜࠸࠺᫬௦ࡔࡗࡓࠋᚰᆅⰋࡉࡣᚰᆅⰋࡉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁ㏫࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚰᆅⰋࡉ࡜
ࡣṇ཯ᑐࡢࠊ⚄⤒㉁࡛㠀ᐶᐜ࡞⊜␲ᚰࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡇࡑࡀࠊᚰ
ᆅⰋࡉࢆ⏕ࡴࠋࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡋࡓࡽࠊ✺ࡁワࡵ࡚ゝ࠺࡜ࠊၿពࡢ⾲ฟࡣᝏព࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡑ᏶ᡂࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ヰ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࡑࡢࡏ࠸ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ 18 ୡ⣖࡟ࡣ ࠊࠕ୎ᑀࠖࡢᙳ࡟⚝ࠎࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ㞃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࡀ㢖⦾࡟ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ䛂୎ᑀࠖ࡜ࠕഇၿࠖ࡜ࡢቃ┠࡟ேࠎࡀᩄឤ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛

࠶ࡿࠋ⮫ᶵᛂኚ࡞ゝⴥࡢ౑࠸᪉ࡣࠕ୎ᑀࡉࠖ࡟ࡣࡘࡁࡶࡢࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ⹫ゝ࡟㏻ࡎࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸽 ࡜࠿ࠊዪᛶ
࡟ᑐࡍࡿぶษࡉࡶ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ᝟஦࡟ྥࡅࡓୗᚰ࡜↓⦕࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
4࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ୙ಙឤࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘࡟඘‶ࡍࡿᒃᚰᆅࡢᝏࡉࡣࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୍ぢ♩⠇࡜ᑐᴟ࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿ࠿࡜ぢ࠼ࡿᶵ᎘ࡢᝏࡉࡸᨷᧁᛶࡀࠊᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢ♩⠇࡜࠸࠺⿦⨨ࡢ୰࡛ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ព࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊࡴࡋࢁ୙ᶵ᎘ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚♩⠇ࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⪃࠼᪉ࡢⴌⱆࡶࡍ࡛࡟ࡇࡢ㡭࠿ࡽぢࡽࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࢹ࢖ࣦ࢕ࢵࢻࢯࣥࡶᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ 65 ࠊ䛄ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡢห⾜࡜ࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃ㦁ືࡣࠊ䛂୎ᑀࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ኱ࡁ࡞₻┠ࡢኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍฟ᮶஦࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᮏࡑࡢࡶࡢࡣฟ∧ᚋࡓࡕࡲࡕ࣋ࢫࢺࢭ࣮ࣛ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ 20 ࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ∧࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞࢔ࢲࣉࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸᢤࡁ᭩ࡁࡢ㢮ࡶฟᅇࡗࡓࡀࠊห⾜᫬࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ࡜ࡣᛮࢃࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓⴭ⪅ࡢே⏕ែᗘࡀࠊ1780 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ 1790 ᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ⱥᅜ࡛㐍ࢇࡔಖᏲ໬ࡢ୰࡛኱࠸࡟ၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ௖㠉࿨࡟క࠺ᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ಖᏲ୺⩏ࡢྎ㢌࡜ࡶ┦ࡲࡗ࡚ࠊᝏホࡣࡍࡗ࠿ࡾᐃ╔ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋⱥᅜࡣ 18 ୡ⣖ᮎ࠿ࡽ 19 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᨻ἞ⓗ࡟ࡶ⃭ືࡢ᫬௦ࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰
࡛ࠕഇၿࠖࡀၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ୎ᑀࠖࢆ
㌟࡟ࡲ࡜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ᡂࡾୖࡀࢁ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ᪂⯆୰⏘㝵⣭࡜ࠊᪧ᮶ࡢ⛛ᗎ࡟ᣐࢁ࠺࡜ࡋࡓᏲᪧὴ࡜ࡢᑐ❧࡜࠸࠺ᵓᅗࡶぢ࡚ྲྀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊዪᛶ᎘ᝏ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣඹ㏻Ⅼࡶぢࡽࢀ

8 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 20129 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬84 ࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ஦᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࢹ࢖ࣦ࢕ࢵࢻࢯࣥ

2 ❶ ཧ↷ࠋծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬9࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ 19 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࡢࢲࣥࢹ࢕ࢬ࣒ࡸࠊ㏫࡟᫂☜࡞ࢥࣥࢺࣛࢫࢺࢆ࡞ࡍ࣐ࣟࣥ୺⩏⢭⚄࡞࡝ࠊࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘࡟య⌧ࡉࢀࡓࠕ୎ᑀࡢᩥ໬ࠖࡢṔྐⓗ࡞ᩥ⬦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
5ࡲࡔࡲࡔ⪃ᐹࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡾࡑ࠺ࡔࠋ䚾ᩥ⊩ࠒ㸨 䛄ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘࠿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗධᡭ ࡋ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸ Oxford Classics ∧ Lord Chesterfield. Letters.
Ed. by David Roberts >London: Oxford U. P., 1992@ ࢆඖ࡟ࡋ࡚ᣋヂࡋ㡫ࢆグࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ∧࡟ᮍ཰㘓ࡢࠕ⫗ษࡾ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ∧࠿ࡽ᥇ࡗࡓࠋ

Stanhope, Philip Dormer. Letters Written by the Late Right
Honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield,to His Son. Ed. by Eugenia Stanhope. 2nd edn. 4 vols.
London: J. Dodsley, 1775㻛1774

Manners and Morals from Locke to Austen Cambridge:
Cambridge U. P., 2004
Mayo, Christopher. “Manners and Manuscripts: The Editorial
Manufacture of Lord Chesterfield in Letters to His Son,” inThe Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 99. 1
2005 , 3769.
Pullen, Charles. “Lord Chesterfield and Eighteenth-Century
Appearance and Reality,” in Studies in English Literature,
15001900, 8. 3 1968 Summer , 50115.
Roberts, David. ‘Introduction’ in Lord Chesterfield. Letters,ixxxiii.

ᒣ⏣຾ࠗࢲࣥࢹ࢕ࢬ࣒ ̿㈗᪘㊃࿡࡜㏆௦ᩥ᫂ᢈุ࠘ ᪥ᮏᨺ㏦ฟ∧༠఍ 1989̿ࠗࣈ࣓ࣛࣥࣝ㛶ୗࡢ⳹㯇࡞ࢲࣥࢹ࢕⾡̿ⱥᅧὶࢲࣥࢹ࢕ࢬ࣒ࡢ⨾Ꮫ࠘ ᒎᮃ♫ 2001ᮾி኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵࡑࡢ௚ࡢᩥ⊩ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠋ
Boswell, James. Life of Johnson. Ed. by R. W. Chapman
Oxford: Oxford U. P., 1998㻛1980
Davidson, Jenny. Hypocrisy and the Politics of Politeness:5 19 ୡ⣖ึ㢌ࡢࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭ࣈ࣓ࣛࣥࣝ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ 19 ୡ⣖ᮎࡢ࢜ࢫ࣮࣭࢝࣡࢖ࣝࢻ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ ࠊࠕࢲࣥࢹ࢕ࢬ࣒ࠖࡢࡇ࡜ࡉࡽ࡞ᶆᴶࡣ ࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤྲྀࡾ⃈ࡲࡋࡓࠕഇၿᛶࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ཯Ⓨ࡟᰿ࡊࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡏ࠸ࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⚄⤒ࢆ㏫࡞࡛ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ὴᡭ࡞㟢ᝏᛶࢆక࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡀࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡢ୰࡟ࡋࡤࡋࡤぢࡽࢀࡿࠕ┠❧ࡘ࡞ࠖ࡜ࡢᣦ༡࡜ዲᑐ↷ࢆᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࢲࣥࢹ࢕ࢬ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᒣ⏣຾ࡢ୍㐃ࡢⴭసࡀཧ⪃࡟࡞ࡿࠋ10 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬1011 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ April , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬11