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JAEA-Review 2007-031
㐳ኼ๮ᩭಽⵚ↢ᚑ‛ߩห૏૕ಽ㔌ᛛⴚߩ੍஻⺞ᩏ
㧙135Cs ߳ߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ಽ㔌ᴺㆡ↪㧙ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ ᰴ਎ઍේሶജࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ㇱ㐷
FBR ⷐ⚛ᛛⴚ࡙࠾࠶࠻የਅ ඳᢎ‫ޔ‬ዊỈ ᱜၮ‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉ ⋿‫ޔ‬ዊጊ ⌀৻+‫⿒ޔ‬Ⴆ ᵗ*

㧔2007 ᐕ 7 ᦬ 12 ᣣฃℂ㧕ᤓ੹‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣᕈ‫ޔ‬቟ోᕈ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ߳ߩ⽶⩄ૐᷫߩⷰὐ߆ࠄᢛวᕈߩขࠇߚᩭΆᢱࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩ
⏕┙߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߢ߽ේሶജࡊ࡜ࡦ࠻ߩ૶↪ᷣΆᢱߦ฽߹ࠇࠆ135Csߪඨᷫᦼ߇3.0
106yߣ㕖Ᏹߦ㐳ߊ‫ޔ‬᳓ṁᕈ߽㜞޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿾ጀಣಽߩ㓙‫ޔ‬࿾ਅ᳓߳ߩᵹ಴߇ ᔨߐࠇࠆᩭ⒳ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᓥ᧪ߩห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕㑆ߩ⾰㊂Ꮕࠍ೑↪ߒߚ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ଥᢙ߇ዊߐߊ‫ޔ‬ᄢដ߆ࠅߥⵝ⟎ߢᠲ૞ࠍ૗Ბ㓏߽➅㄰ߐߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔ߽߆ߒޕ‬ᩭಽⵚ↢ᚑ‛ਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆర⚛ߩห૏૕ߣ⾰㊂ᢙߩធㄭߒߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙߊ฽߹ࠇ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂Ꮕߛ
ߌߦḰ᜚ߒߚಽ㔌ᴺߢߪ㜞޿ಽ㔌ଥᢙߪᦼᓙߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߣߎࠈ߇‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟⚛⦡ޔ‬ඨዉ૕࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߥߤߩᛛⴚ߇㐿⊒ߐࠇ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩห૏૕
ߦᾖḰࠍ⛉ߞߡㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߐߖ‫ߩߘޔ‬ബ⿠⁁ᘒߦ․᦭ߥ‛ℂ⊛࡮ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰ࠍ೑↪ߒߡಽ㔌࿁෼ߔࠆߎߣ߇ේℂ⊛ߦน⢻ߣߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ߦ․ޕ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬శߩๆ෼‫ޔ‬᡼಴ߩ቟ቯᕈ߆ࠄ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ಽ㔌ᴺ㧔LIS㧕߇ㆡߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫⎇ߦࠎ⋓ޔ‬ⓥߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ
ߞߚ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔߪᦠᧄޕ‬ಽ㔌ᴺߩේℂߣ135Csಽ㔌߳ߩᔕ↪‫ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ◲ଢߥⵝ⟎ߢಽ㔌߇น⢻ߣߐࠇ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᔕ↪߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߩ⃻⁁ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫⺖ޔ‬㗴ࠍ៰಴ߒ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᜰ㊎ߣߒߡ➙߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ᭽ߥ⺖㗴߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬1)࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߩ㔚ሶ㈩⟎‫ޔ‬ኼ๮‫ޔ‬
ㆫ⒖⏕₸ߩ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬2)࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆᩭߩᐔဋ⥄ਸ਼ඨᓘ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻෸߮ᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩᵄേ㑐ᢙߩේሶᩭߩ૏⟎߳ߩᶐ಴ߩ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬3)ㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߩᅹኂߣߥࠆ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒖ⴕ‫ޔ‬ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩሽ࿷෸߮Dopplerലᨐߩ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬4)࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᾖ኿᧦ઙߩᦨㆡൻ㧔⌀ⓨᐲ‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲ㧕5)࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߣ135Csߩㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߩ㑐ଥߩ⹏ଔ‫ޔ‬6)135Csߩㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠෸߮ൻቇ⊛࿁෼㧔᳓⚛ൻ‛ߩᒻᚑߣߘߩ෻ᔕㅦᐲ㧕ߩታ⸽‫ޕ‬੹ᓟ‫⺖ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩ੐ᨩࠍ♖ኒߦ⹏ଔߒ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߦࠃߞߡ⏕⸽ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬LISߦߪ⹜ᢱߩᒻᘒߦࠃߞߡේሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺߣಽሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺߣ
߇޽ࠆ߇‫ᤨ⃻ޔ‬ὐߢਥߦ⺞ᩏ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆߩߪේሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺߢ޽ࠅ‫ߪߢᦠᧄޔ‬೨⠪ࠍਛᔃߦ⼏⺰ࠍㅴ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ᄢᵞ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔㚢࿷㧕㧦‫ޥ‬311-1393 ⨙ၔ⋵᧲⨙ၔ㇭ᄢᵞ↸ᚑ↰↸ 4002+
ᄢᵞ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ Άᢱ᧚ᢱ⹜㛎ㇱ*᧲੩Ꮏᬺᄢቇ ේሶἹᎿቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
γ
㧙1㧙

JAEA-Review 2007-031
Preliminary Review on Isotope Separation of Long Life Fission Products
ʊApplication Research of Laser Isotope Separation to 135Csʊ
Hironori OSHITA, Masaki OZAWA, Makoto ISHIKAWA,
Shin’ichi KOYAMA+ and Hiroshi AKATSUKA*FBR System Technology Development Unit
Advanced Nuclear System Research and Development Directorate
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Oarai-machi, Higashiibaraki-gun, Ibaraki-ken
㧔Received July 12, 2007㧕
Recently establishment of self consistent nuclear fuel cycle has been required with respect toeconomical efficiency, safety and reduction of the load to the environment. Especially 135Cs includedin spent fuel of nuclear power plants has extremely long half life (3.0×106y) and its water solubility
leads to the anxiety of exudation into ground water for geologic disposal.
The conventional methods for isotope separation based on the mass difference of isotopes could
not gain large separation factors, which leads to the requirement of operational repetition and large
equipment. Furthermore many elements of which the masses are near to that of the object isotope areincluded in spent fuel, which makes it difficult to expect high separation factor by the methods
merely based on the mass difference.
Recent technology development of laser e.g. dye laser or semi-conductor laser has come to makeit possible in principle to excite a specific isotope and separate it from other isotopes making use of
its intrinsic physical and chemical properties of the excited state. This laser isotope separation (LIS)
technique is believed to be suitable for cesium because of its stable properties on light absorption
and emission and many studies have come to be made.
This document reviews the principle, application to the separation of 135Cs and current status of
LIS and reports the subjects to be solved and suggestions; especially laser induced chemical
reactions expected as a low-cost and simple equipment isotope separation method.
The resulting extracted subjects are 1) the specification of the excited states of cesium i.e.
extra-nuclear electron configuration, life (or duration) and transition probability, 2) the factors that
may effect on the isotope shift of cesium; the mean square radius of the nucleus, electric quadrupole
moment and extra nuclear electron wave function at the nucleus, 3) the factors that may cause thedisturbance of the selectivity; resonant energy transference, charge transference, neighboringtransition and Doppler effect, 4)the optimization of laser irradiation condition (the degree of vacuum
and the temperature), 5) the hyperfine structure of cesium and its relation to selective excitation of
135
Cs, 6) confirmation of the feasibility of selective excitation of 135Cs and its chemical collection(the hydride formation and its reaction velocity)
Hereafter we will research and evaluate the subjects mentioned above and confirming thefeasibility of isotope separation of 135Cs by experiment. LIS can be roughly classified into two ways
according to the sample form; atomic laser method and molecular laser method. It is atomic laser
method that is in main progress; therefore this document mainly reports the former.
Keywords: Laser Isotope Separation, Cesium135, Isotope Shift, Long Life Fission Products+

Fuels and Materials Department, Oarai Research and Development Center,*Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology

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⋡ ᰴ
1. ✜⸒--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
2. ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ಽ㔌ᴺߩ᭎ⷐ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1 2 Ბ㓏శ㔚㔌-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.2 1 Ბ㓏శ⸃㔌-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.3 2 Ბ㓏శ⸃㔌-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.4 శൻቇ෻ᔕ㧔࡟࡯ࠩ࡯⺃⿠ൻቇ෻ᔕ㧕------------------------------------------------------------5
2.5 ᄙశሶ⿒ᄖๆ෼---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.6 శ⇣ᕈൻ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.7 శᵒേ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.8 శ࿶஍ะ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
3. ේሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
3.1 Normal mass shift -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
3.2 Specific mass shift -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.3 Field shift----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.4 ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߦࠃࠆห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ ----------------------------------------------------------------18


 



4. ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
4.1 ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߩේℂ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------24
4.2 ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆߎࠇ߹ߢߩታ❣ ----------------------------------------------------24

5. ㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ᕈะ਄ߩ⎇ⓥ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
5.1 ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
5.2 ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩ㒰෰ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
5.3 Doppler ലᨐ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26   6. ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27


7. ⚿⸒ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
⻢ㄉ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
 ઃ㍳1 LLFP ߩዻᕈ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
1. ࠮࡟ࡦ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
2. ࠫ࡞ࠦ࠾࠙ࡓ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
3. ࠹ࠢࡀ࠴࠙ࡓ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
4. ࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
5. ࠬ࠭--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
6. ࡛࠙⚛-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
7. ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
ઃ㍳2 ฦ⒳ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
1. ࠟࠬ᜛ᢔᴺ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
2. ㆙ᔃಽ㔌ᴺ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
3. ⫳⇐ᴺ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
4. 㔚⏛ಽ㔌ᴺ-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
5. ห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕᴺ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38ઃ㍳3 ↪⺆⸃⺑ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
 

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Contents
1. Preface-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
2. The outline of laser isotope separation----------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

2 step photoionization ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
1 step photoionization ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2 step photodissociation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Photochemical reaction (Laser induced photochemical reaction)-------------------------------5
Infrared multiphoton absorption ---------------------------------------------------------------------5
Photoisomerization ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Photophoresis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Light pressure deviation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------6




 



 

  

  

3. Atomic vapor laser isotope separation ----------------------------------------------------------------------7
3.1 Normal mass shift --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
3.2 Specific mass shift------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.3 Field shift ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.4 Isotope shift caused by hyperfine structure -------------------------------------------------------18




 

 

4. Laser induced photochemical reaction --------------------------------------------------------------------24
4.1 The principle of laser induced photochemical reaction -----------------------------------------24
4.2 The achievements of isotope separation by laser induced photochemical reaction ---------24
 

 

 

5. Studies on improving selective excitation ----------------------------------------------------------------26
5.1 Resonant excitation transfer ------------------------------------------------------------------------26
5.2 Eliminating neighboring transitions ---------------------------------------------------------------26
5.3 Doppler effect-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
 

 

 

6. Future subjects------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
7. Summary -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
     

Acknowledgement -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
  Appendix1 Attributes of LLFP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
1. Selenium---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
2. Zirconium -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
3. Technetium ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
4. Palladium --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
5. Tin ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
6. Iodine ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
7. Cesium -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35


 







 



Appendix2 Isotope separation methods -----------------------------------------------------------------------36
1. Gaseous diffusion process ------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
2. Centrifuge separation method --------------------------------------------------------------------------36
3. Distillation method---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
4. Electromagnetic mass separation ----------------------------------------------------------------------37
5. Isotope exchange reaction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------38


  

 

  

Appendix3 Terminology ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39
 

References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40η㧙1㧙࿑⴫࡝ࠬ࠻
࿑1-1 シ᳓Ἱ㧔4.1㧑235U, 40GWd/t㧕૶↪ᷣΆᢱౣಣℂᓟߩ㜞࡟ࡌ࡞᡼኿ᕈᑄ᫈‛ߩࠟ࡜ࠬ࿕ൻ૕ਛߩ FP ర⚛ߩẜ࿷᡼኿⢻Ქᕈ ------------------------------------------------------------2
࿑1-2 シ᳓Ἱ㧔4.1㧑235U, 40GWd/t㧕૶↪ᷣΆᢱౣಣℂᓟߩ㜞࡟ࡌ࡞᡼኿ᕈᑄ᫈‛ߩࠟ࡜ࠬ࿕ൻ૕ਛߩ Actinide ర⚛ߩẜ࿷᡼኿⢻Ქᕈ -----------------------------------------------------2
࿑3-1 ේሶᩭߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ ---------------------------------------------------------------17
࿑3-2 85Rbߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
࿑3-3 87Rbߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
࿑3-4 133Csߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
࿑3-5 ේሶᩭߩ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ ------------------------------------------------------------------23
࿑4-1 ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᾖ኿ߦࠃࠆ133Csߩ᳓⚛ൻ෻ᔕ ---------------------------------------------------------25






  

  



 

⴫3-1 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------7
⴫3-2 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ SMS constant ----------------------------------------------------------------------------11⴫3-3 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ FS constant ------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
⴫3-4 ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߩ E 2㧔ᩭߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕 ---------------------------------------------------14
  



  

      

⴫3-5 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ E 2㧔ᩭߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕 ------------------------------------------------------15
⴫3-6 ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ ------------------------------------------16
⴫3-7 ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩᩭࠬࡇࡦߣ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ ------------------------------19
      ⴫A-1 ࠮࡟ࡦߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
⴫A-2 ࠫ࡞ࠦ࠾࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸ ------------------------------------------------------------------------30
⴫A-3 ࠹ࠢࡀ࠴࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸ ------------------------------------------------------------------------31
⴫A-4 ࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------32
⴫A-5 ࠬ࠭ߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
⴫A-6 ࡛࠙⚛ߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
⴫A-7 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------35














⴫B-1 ห૏૕ಽሶߩ⫳᳇࿶Ყ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
⴫B-2 ਥߥห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕߩᐔⴧቯᢙ ------------------------------------------------------------------38




ζ
㧙1㧙

Figures and tables
Fig.1-1

Fig.1-2

Fig.3-1
Fig.3-2
Fig.3-3
Fig.3-4
Fig.3-5
Fig.4-1

The underlying radioactivities of fission products included in high level radioactive wastes
of a light water reactor 4.1 235U, 40GWd/t confined in glass solidified bodies after
reprocessing the spent fuel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------2
The underlying radioactivities of actinides included in high level radioactive wastes of alight water reactor 4.1 235U, 40GWd/t confined in glass solidified bodies after
reprocessing the spent fuel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Electric quadrupole moments of nuclei -----------------------------------------------------------17
The hyperfine structure of 85Rb ------------------------------------------------------------------20
The hyperfine structure of 87Rb ------------------------------------------------------------------21
The hyperfine structure of 133Cs -----------------------------------------------------------------22
Magnetic dipole moments of nuclei ---------------------------------------------------------------23
Hydrogenation of 133Cs by laser irradiation ------------------------------------------------------25

Table 3-1 The isotope shifts of cesium------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Table 3-2 SMS constants of cesium--------------------------------------------------------------------------11
Table 3-3 FS constants of cesium ----------------------------------------------------------------------------12
Table 3-4 E 2 of rubidium㧔with the ground state of the nucleus㧕--------------------------------------14
Table 3-5 E 2 of cesium㧔with the ground state of the nucleus㧕----------------------------------------15
Table 3-6 The electric quadrupole moments of rubidium and cesium ----------------------------------16
Table 3-7 The nuclear spins and magnetic dipole moments of rubidium and cesium ----------------19
  

 

  

Table A-1 Fission yield of selenium--------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Table A-2 Fission yield of zirconium ------------------------------------------------------------------------30
Table A-3 Fission yield of technetium -----------------------------------------------------------------------31
Table A-4 Fission yield of palladium ------------------------------------------------------------------------32
Table A-5 Fission yield of tin ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
Table A-6 Fission yield of iodine -----------------------------------------------------------------------------34
Table A-7 Fission yield of cesium ----------------------------------------------------------------------------35
 

 

  

 





Table B-1 Vapour pressure ratio of isotope molecules ----------------------------------------------------37
Table B-2 Equilibrium constants of main isotope exchange reactions ----------------------------------38
  

 

θ1

1.

✜⸒

㐳ኼ๮ᩭಽⵚ↢ᚑ‛㧔Long life fission products㧦LLFP㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ1 ਁᐕએ਄ߩᩭಽⵚ↢ᚑ‛ࠍ⒓ߒ‫ޔ‬79Se, 93Zr, 99Tc, 107Pd, 126Sn, 129I, 135Cs ߩ㧣ᩭ⒳߇ߘࠇߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᤓ੹‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣᕈ‫ޔ‬቟ోᕈ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ߳ߩ⽶⩄ૐᷫ‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯߩ᦭ല೑↪ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᢛวᕈߩขࠇ
ߚᩭΆᢱࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߩ⏕┙߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ోޕ‬૕⊛ߦ⷗ߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬Actinideర⚛ߛߌࠍಽ㔌ߒߚ႐วߣ‫ޔ‬Actinideర⚛ߣLLFPߩ෺ᣇࠍಽ㔌ߒߚ႐วߣࠍᲧセߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬Άᢱข಴ߒᓟ103ᐕࠍ⚻ߚᤨὐߢ‫ޔ‬᡼኿⢻Ქᕈߦ⚂4ᩴ㧔න૏ߪSv/tHM㧕߽ߩᏅ߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧔࿑1-1,1-2ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬Actinideߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬LLFP߽ห૏૕ಽ㔌ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ ਛߢ߽135Csߪ‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ߇3.0106yߣ㕖Ᏹߦ㐳ߊ‫ޔ‬᳓ṁᕈ߽㜞޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿾ጀಣಽߩ㓙‫ޔ‬࿾ਅ᳓߳ߩᵹ಴߇ ᔨߐࠇࠆᩭ⒳ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਛᕈሶๆ෼ߦࠃࠅ135Csࠍඨᷫᦼ13.16dߩ136Cs
㧔Ǫ㧙፣უߦࠃࠅ቟ቯᩭ⒳136Baߣߥࠆ㧕ߦᩭᄌ឵ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬133Cs߇ᷙ౉ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬
หᤨߦ135Cs߇↢ᚑߒߡߒ߹߁ߚ߼෻ᔕಣℂ߇ㅴ߹ߥ޿‫ߩߘޕ‬ὐ߆ࠄ߽135Csߩߺࠍ㜞♖ᐲߢಽ㔌ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߚૃߦࡓ࠙࡝ࠞߪࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ߦᦝޕ‬ᕈ⾰ࠍᜬߟߚ߼‫ޔ‬ਛඨᷫᦼᩭ⒳ߢ޽
ࠆ137Cs㧔30.0㨥㧕߇ੱ૕ߦ៨ขߐࠇࠆߣౝㇱⵍ߫ߊߩෂ㒾ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬቟ోᕈะ਄ߩ
ὐ߆ࠄ߽࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߪห૏૕ಽ㔌ߩᗧ⟵߇޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬  135
Cs ࠍ㜞♖ᐲߦಽ㔌ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ਛඨᷫᦼᩭ⒳ߢ޽ࠆ 137Cs ߩߺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᵻ࿾࿾ጀಣಽ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ‫࠻ࠬࠦޔ‬ૐᷫ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬135Cs ߩਛᕈሶๆ෼ߦࠃ
ࠆⓥᭂ⊛ߥಣಽ⎇ⓥߩᲑ㓏߳ߣㅴ߻ߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ߩઁޔߦᦝޕ‬㐳ኼ๮ᩭಽⵚ↢ᚑ‛ߩಽ㔌߳ߩㆡ↪߽⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬࿾ጀಣಽߩᄢ᏷ߥᷫኈ㧔ࠕࠢ࠴࠾࠼ర⚛ߩߺࠍಽ㔌ߒߚ႐วߦ
Ყߴ‫ޔ‬64㨪68㧑ߩᷫኈߣ⹜▚ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 1㧕㧕ߣ᡼኿⢻Ქᕈߩૐᷫ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌
ߒߚ 137Cs ࠍ࿕ൻ⚛᧚ߦࠃࠅ࿕ൻಣℂߒ‫ޔ‬ᾲ㔚⚛ሶߣ⚿วߐߖࠇ߫‫࠲࡯ࡌޔ‬፣უߦࠃࠆᾲࠍ
᦭ല೑↪ߢ߈‫ޔ‬ᄙ⋡⊛೑↪߳ߩ㆏߽㐿ߌߡߊࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߪ‫ޔ‬㆙ᔃಽ㔌ᴺ‫ࠬࠟޔ‬᜛ᢔᴺߥߤ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕㑆ߩ⾰㊂ᏅߦḰ᜚ߒߚ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ଥᢙ*1߇ዊߐߊ‫߇⟎ⵝޔ‬ᄢដ߆ࠅߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬૗ࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߦ߽ᷰߞߡᠲ૞ࠍ➅㄰ߐߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ2)‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㐳ኼ๮ᩭಽⵚ↢ᚑ‛ߪห૏૕ߩ⒳㘃߇ᄙߊ⾰㊂ᢙ߽ធㄭߒߡ
޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ടㅦེ⾰㊂ಽᨆᴺ㧔AMSᴺ㧕ߢߪ♖ᐲߩ㜞޿ಽ㔌ߪᦼᓙߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬◲ଢ߆ߟ㜞♖ᐲߩᦼᓙߐࠇࠆห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ේሶๆ෼ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߦ⃻ࠇࠆห૏૕ല
ᨐࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ಽ㔌ᴺ߇⠨᩺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄᦠߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߣߒߡ135Csࠍኻ⽎ߦห૏૕ಽ㔌ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬శߩๆ෼࡮᡼಴ߩ቟ቯᕈ߆ࠄ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ಽ㔌ᴺ߇ㆡߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ߪࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬቟ቯห૏૕߇133Csߩߺߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ߩߢ࠼࡞࡯ࠦޔ‬ห૏૕ಽ㔌⹜㛎߇ߢ߈ߕ‫ޔ‬ၮ␆࠺࡯࠲ߦਲߒ޿‫ޔߪߢᦠᧄߢߎߘޕ‬ၮᧄߦ┙㄰ߞߡ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬ේሶ᭴ㅧ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ಽ㔌ᴺߩㆡ↪ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㘃ૃర⚛࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣኻᲧߐߖߥ߇ࠄ⺞ᩏߒߡࠁߊ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ಽ㔌ᴺࠍᦝߦ◲ଢൻߒ‫࠻ࠬࠦޔ‬೥ᷫࠍ࿑ߞߚ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߩ⃻⁁ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒෸ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧙1㧙࿑ 1-1 シ᳓Ἱ㧔4.1㧑235U, 40GWd/t㧕૶↪ᷣΆᢱౣಣℂᓟߩ㜞࡟ࡌ࡞᡼኿ᕈᑄ᫈‛ߩࠟ࡜ࠬ࿕ൻ૕ਛߩ FP ర⚛ߩẜ࿷᡼኿⢻Ქᕈ 3)

࿑ 1-2 シ᳓Ἱ㧔4.1㧑235U, 40GWd/t㧕૶↪ᷣΆᢱౣಣℂᓟߩ㜞࡟ࡌ࡞᡼኿ᕈᑄ᫈‛ߩࠟ࡜ࠬ࿕ൻ૕ਛߩ Actinide ర⚛ߩẜ࿷᡼኿⢻Ქᕈ 3)

㧙2㧙

2.

࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ಽ㔌ᴺߩ᭎ⷐ ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߦࠃࠆห૏૕ಽ㔌ߪ‫ޔ‬Laser isotope separation ߩ㗡ᢥሼࠍขߞߡ LIS ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ዋߥ޿ಽ㔌ଥᢙߢᠲ૞ࠍ૗ᐲ߽➅㄰ߒߡⴕߥ߁⛔⸘⊛ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺ*2 ߣߪ㆑ߞߡ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩห૏૕ߦᾖḰࠍ⛉ߞߡㆬᛯ⊛ߦಽ㔌ߔࠆߩߢ‫ࠍ࠼࡯ࠤࠬࠞޔ‬૗Ბ߽⚵ࠎߛᏂᄢߥᣉ⸳ࠍᔅ
ⷐߣߖߕ‫◲ޔ‬ଢߥⵝ⟎ߢૐࠦࠬ࠻࡮㜞ಽ㔌ଥᢙߩห૏૕ಽ㔌߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᭂ߼ߡሽ࿷₸ߩૐ޿ห૏૕ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫ޔ‬㜞⌀ⓨᐲࠍᔅⷐߣߔ
ࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ታ↪ൻߦะߌߡᄢ㊂ߩห૏૕ࠍಽ㔌ߔࠆߦߪ⺖㗴߽ᄙ޿‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭ‫ޔ‬㍈޿න⦡ᕈ‫ޔ‬㍈޿ᜰะᕈࠍ߽ߟᵄ㐳นᄌ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯߇㐿⊒ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬0.1㨪10eV ⒟ᐲߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߦේሶ߹ߚߪಽሶࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޕ‬ಽ㔌ᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎‛⾰ߩᒻᘒߦࠃߞߡේሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺߣಽሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺߦᄢ೎ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ේሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕㑆ߢๆ෼ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇⇣ߥࠆ㧔ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻㧕ߎߣࠍ೑↪ߒߡห૏૕ࠍಽ㔌࿁෼ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ේሶࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩห૏૕ലᨐߪ‫ޔ‬ේሶߩ⾰㊂‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓ‫ޔ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻╬ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ಽሶࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪ㔚ሶߩㆇേ‫ޔ‬ಽሶߩᝄേ෸߮࿁ォߦ⿠࿃ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪේሶࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩߘࠇࠃࠅ߽ߪࠆ߆ߦᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 5)‫ࠆߔߣ⊛⋡ޕ‬ห૏૕ߩ࿁෼ᣇᴺߦߪ‫ޔ‬㔚㔌ᴺ‫ޔ‬శ⸃㔌ᴺ‫ޔ‬శൻቇ෻ᔕᴺ‫ޔ‬ᄙశሶ⿒ᄖๆ෼‫ޔ‬శ⇣ᕈൻ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ൻቇᴺ‫ޔ‬శᵒേ‫ޔ‬శ࿶஍ะ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޕࠆ޽߇ߤߥޔ‬ಽ㔌ᴺ߇ᚑ
ഞߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ 4 ᧦ઙ߇ḩߚߐࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ 4)‫ޕ‬1) ห૏૕ᷙว‛ਛߩಽ㔌ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆห૏૕ A ߪ‫ߩઁޔ‬ห૏૕ߣ㊀ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽৻ߟߩๆ෼✢ǵA ࠍᜬߚߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧔ᓟㅀߩ Doppler ലᨐߦࠃߞߡๆ෼✢߇㊀ߥߞߡߒ߹߁น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬2) ǵA ߦߟ޿ߡബ⿠ߦචಽߥ಴ജ‫ᤨ⛯⛮ޔ‬㑆‫౒ޔ‬ᔃశ✢᧤㧔homocentric pencil of rays㧦৻ὐࠍㅢㆊߔࠆశ✢᧤㧕‫ޔ‬න⦡ᕈࠍ᦭ߔࠆశḮ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧔࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߦኻߔࠆⷐ᳞੐㗄㧕‫ޕ‬3) ╙৻ബ⿠ߦࠃߞߡㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߐࠇߚห૏૕ A ࠍ฽߻ൻቇ⒳ࠍ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯᕈࠍ଻ߞߚ⁁ᘒߢᷙว‛߆ࠄಽ㔌ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥൻቇ⒳ߦᄌ឵ߢ߈ࠆశ‛ℂ‫ޔ‬శቇ⊛ㆊ⒟߇ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄ
ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ห૏૕ A ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߩኼ๮߇චಽ㐳޿ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦⷐߔࠆᤨ㑆߇චಽ⍴޿ߎߣ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬4) ห૏૕ A ࠍ฽߻☸ሶߦኻߒߡᓧࠄࠇߚㆬᛯᕈߪ‫ోޔ‬૕ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍㅢߓߡోߡߩ┹วߔࠆశ‛ℂ‫ޔ‬శൻቇ⊛ㆊ⒟ߦኻߒߡ଻ߚࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼‫ޔ‬㔚
⩄⒖ⴕ෸߮ㄭធㆫ⒖ߦࠃࠆᅹኂ߇໧㗴ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬╙ 3 ߩ᧦ઙߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ⻉ᕈ⾰ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ࠍ೑↪ߒߡḩߚߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 4)‫ޕ‬i) ේሶ߿ಽሶߩൻቇ෻ᔕᕈߪബ⿠ߦࠃࠅߒ߫ߒ߫Ⴧᄢߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ii) ബ⿠ේሶ߿ಽሶߩࠗࠝࡦൻࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆේሶ߿ಽሶߩߘࠇࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ޿‫ޕ‬iii) ബ⿠ಽሶߩ⸃㔌ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ಽሶߩߘࠇࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ޿‫ޕ‬iv) ബ⿠ಽሶ߇⥄ὼߦ⸃㔌⁁ᘒߦߥࠆ೨ᦼ⸃㔌㧔predissociation㧕ࠍ↢ߓࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬v) ಽሶ߇ബ⿠ߐࠇࠆߣ⇣ᕈൻ*3 ࠍ⿠ߎߔߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬vi) ේሶ߿ಽሶߪ‫ޔ‬శሶࠍๆ෼ߔࠆᤨ‫ޔ‬௖߆ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇෻〡߇⿠ߎࠅ‫ޔ‬ᭂ߼ߡዊߐ޿߇‫ޔ‬ⷰኤߢ߈ࠆ⒟ᐲߩ☸ሶߩశ஍ะࠍฃߌࠆ‫ޕ‬vii) ബ⿠⁁ᘒߩේሶ߿ಽሶߪ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬㜞޿ಽᭂ₸߿⇣ߥߞߚኻ⒓ᕈߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦߥࠆߎߣ߇
޽ࠅ‫☸ߩઁޔ‬ሶߦࠃࠆᢔੂᢿ㕙Ⓧ߿ᄖ႐ߩ߽ߣߢߩㆇേߥߤߦᄌൻ߇↢ߓࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ಽ㔌ᴺߦߪ‫ޔ‬න⦡ᕈߩ⦟޿ᒝജߥ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬1970 ᐕઍ೨ඨߦ‫ޔ‬ᐢࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞㗔ၞ㧔⚂2000Έ㨪20Ǵm㧕ࠍࠞࡃ࡯ߔࠆᵄ㐳นᄌ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯߇㐿⊒ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ේሶ࡟࡯
ࠩ࡯ᴺߩห૏૕ಽ㔌߳ߩㆡ↪߇น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㔚ሶബ⿠ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬นⷞ޽ࠆ޿ߪㄭ⚡ᄖ㗔ၞߢ޿ࠈ޿ࠈᵄ㐳ߩᄌ߃ࠄࠇࠆ⦡⚛࡟࡯ࠩ࡯‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߤߥ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟⚛⓸ޔ‬
㧙3㧙ᝄേബ⿠ߦߪCO2࡟࡯ࠩ࡯㧔10.6Ǵm㧕߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ࠅࠃޔ‬㐳ᵄ㐳ߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍ⊒ߔࠆ
NH3࡟࡯ࠩ࡯㧔12.6Ǵm㧕߽㐿⊒ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬LISߩ⎇ⓥߦᔕ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߆߶ߩߎޕ‬HF-DF࡟࡯ࠩ࡯㧔2.7㨪4Ǵm㧕ߥߤ߽⎇ⓥߦዉ౉ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ൻቇᴺߦߪᵄ㐳ၞ780nm㨪
900nm‫ޔ‬ඨ୯᏷<1MHzߩࠬࡍ࠶ࠢࠍ᦭ߔࠆ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯⊒ᝄེߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ඨዉ૕࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߩㆡ↪߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2.1 2 Ბ㓏శ㔚㔌 4),5)
 ╙ 1 ߩశߢㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߐࠇߚේሶࠍ‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ߩశߢ㔚㔌ߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ේሶߩ㔚㔌ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆේሶߩ㔚㔌ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ޿߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㔚㔌߽ㆬᛯ⊛ߦⴕߥࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬㔚㔌ߐࠇߚห૏૕ߩේሶ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬㓁ࠗࠝࡦߪ‫ޔ‬㔚႐߿⏛႐ࠍ߆ߌߡ࿁෼ߔ
ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬1 ߩశߪ․ቯߩห૏૕ࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߔࠆ⢻ജࠍᜬߜ‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ߩశߪബ⿠ߐࠇߚ⁁ᘒߣബ⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⁁ᘒࠍ඙೎ߔࠆ⢻ജࠍᜬߟᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ේሶߩബ⿠Ḱ૏߆ࠄశ㔚㔌ߔࠆๆ෼ᢿ㕙Ⓧߪ‫ޔ‬శബ⿠ߩᢿ㕙Ⓧࠃࠅ 5㨪6 ᩴ߽ዊߐߊ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ේሶߩᐔ
ဋኼ๮ౝߦ᦭ലߥశ㔚㔌ࠍ⿠ߎߔߦߪ㕖Ᏹߦᒝ޿శࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ㆬᛯബ⿠ߒߚห
૏૕ේሶ߇ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆઁߩห૏૕ේሶߣⴣ⓭ߒ‫౒ޔ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼*4 ࠍ⿠ߎߔߎߣ߇޽
ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯᕈࠍᒙ߼ߡߒ߹߁ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫⌀ޔ‬ⓨᐲࠍᭂ߼ߡ㜞ߊߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽
ࠆ߇‫ߚߞ߹➙ޔ‬㊂ߩ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓࠍᎿᬺ⊛ߦಣℂߔࠆߦߪਇ೑ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ቯ㊂⊛ߥ⹏ଔ߇ᔅ
ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓ⫳᳇ߩࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠬ‫౒ޔ₸⏕⓭ⴣޔ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߩේ࿃ߣߥ
ࠅᓧࠆㆫ⒖෸߮ߘߩᢿ㕙Ⓧࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ࡠ࡞ࠞ࠹ࡦࡕޔ‬ᴺ╬ࠍ↪޿ߡ⸘▚ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫౒ޕ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߩઁߦ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯᕈࠍᒙ߼ࠆⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩᷙ࿷‫ࠆࠃߦ⓭ⴣޔ‬㔚⩄⒖ⴕ
߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩᷙ࿷ࠍ㒐ߋߚ߼‫࠻ࡦ࡟࡯ࡅࠦޔ‬㊂ሶ೙ᓮᴺ*5 ߇⎇ⓥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2.2 1 Ბ㓏శ⸃㔌 4),5)
 ಽሶߪߘࠇߙࠇ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩ⇣ߥߞߚᄙᢙߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᦛ✢ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ၮᐩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㔚ሶബ⿠⁁ᘒߢ߽ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᦛ✢ߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᭂዊ୯ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ࠃࠅ㜞ᰴߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᦛ✢ߦߪᭂዊ୯߇ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ේሶ㑆ߦᢺജߛߌ߇૞↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇
޽ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬ᭂዊ୯ߩ޽ࠆ㔚ሶബ⿠ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߣᭂዊ୯ߩߥ޿ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᦛ✢߇੤Ꮕߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ߹޿ޕ‬ಽሶ߇࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍๆ෼ߒߡ਄ㅀߩࠃ߁ߥ੤Ꮕߒߡ޿ࠆࡐ࠹
ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᦛ✢ߦബ⿠ߐࠇࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ⸃㔌ߩ㑣୯ࠃࠅ߽ૐ޿ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߢ⸃㔌ߔࠆߎߣߦ
ߥࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ㆊ⒟ࠍ೨ᦼㆊ⒟㧔Predissosiation㧕ߣ޿߁‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬ห૏૕ಽሶ A1B ߛߌ߇ᝄേᢙǵߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍๆ෼ߒߡ㔚ሶബ⿠ߐࠇߚᤨ‫ߩߘޔ‬ബ⿠ಽሶ߇೨ᦼ⸃㔌ࠍⴕ߁ߥࠄ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ಽሶߪ 1 శሶ hQ ߦࠃࠆ 1 ಽሶ෻ᔕߢ⸃㔌ߒ‫ޔ‬   A1B+ hQ →(A1B)*→A1+Bߦࠃߞߡห૏૕ A1 ߇ಽ㔌ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
2.3 2 Ბ㓏శ⸃㔌 4),5)
 ╙ 1 ߩశߢബ⿠ߐࠇߚಽሶࠍ‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ߩశߢ⸃㔌ߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬1 ߩశߦࠃࠆㆬᛯᕈ
ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ಽሶߩ╙ 2 ߩశߦࠃࠆ⸃㔌ߩㅦߐ߇‫౒ޔ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼߿ᾲബ⿠
ߩㅦߐࠃࠅ߽࿶ୟ⊛ߦㅦߊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ബ⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ಽሶߩ⸃㔌ߩㅦߐࠃࠅචಽㅦߊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬   A1B+ hQ 1 →(A1B)*   (A1B)*+ hQ 2 →(A1B)*→A1+B
㧙4㧙

2.4 శൻቇ෻ᔕ㧔࡟࡯ࠩ࡯⺃⿠ൻቇ෻ᔕ㧕4),5)․ቯߩห૏૕ࠍ฽߻ಽሶ߇࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦๆ෼ߒߡബ⿠ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧔ㅢᏱߪᝄേബ⿠㧕‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ߩ‛⾰ C ߣߩ෻ᔕߩᵴᕈൻࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ᷫዋߒ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ෻ᔕㅦᐲ߇
ᄢ᏷ߦჇᄢߔࠆߎߣࠍ೑↪ߒߡಽ㔌ߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬  A1B+ hȞ →(A1B)*
  (A1B)*+C→A1+BCઁߩห૏૕ಽሶA2Bߪ‫ ޔ‬Ȟ ߣ޿߁ᝄേᢙࠍᜬߟ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍๆ෼ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬Cߣߩ෻ᔕㅦᐲߪߪࠆ߆ߦዊߐ޿ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥ෻ᔕ‛⾰Cࠍ⷗಴ߖࠇ߫‫ޔ‬A1ߣ
A2ࠍಽ㔌ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᴺߪ2Ბ㓏ബ⿠ߩࠃ߁ߥ╙2ߩశሶࠍᔅⷐߣߖߕ‫߆ߒޔ‬
߽㔚㔌ᴺߩࠃ߁ߥ㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩశሶࠍᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿߆ࠄ‫ߩ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ല₸ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ⦟ߊ‫߽ᦨޔ‬ఝࠇߚห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߦߥࠅᓧࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫(ޔ‬A1B)*ߣCߩൻቇ෻ᔕ
ㅦᐲߪ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ㅦᐲ߿ᾲ⊛ബ⿠ߩㅦᐲࠃࠅ࿶ୟ⊛ߦㅦ޿ߣ޿߁᧦ઙ߽ḩߚߐߨ߫ߥ
ࠄߥ޿‫ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᰴߩ᭽ߥ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯⺃⿠ൻቇ෻ᔕ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬  CH3OH+Br2→H2CO+2HBr 㧔HߣDߩಽ㔌ߦ೑↪㧕8),9)
  CH2D2+Cl→d-MeCl+Cl 㧔HߣDߩಽ㔌㧕10)  CH3F+Br2→CH2FBr+HBr 㧔12Cߣ13Cߩಽ㔌ߦ೑↪㧕11)  N2+O2→2NO 㧔14Nߣ15Nߩಽ㔌ߦ೑↪㧕12)  O2+O→O3 㧔16O,18O,17Oߩಽ㔌ߦ೑↪㧕13)
2.5 ᄙశሶ⿒ᄖๆ෼ 4),5),14)ㅢᏱߩಽሶߪ৻ᐲߦ1୘ߕߟߩశሶࠍๆ෼ߔࠆߦㆊ߉ߥ޿߇㧘 BCl3 , SF6 , UF6ߥߤߩࠃ߁ߦ
ᢙ୘ߩේሶ߆ࠄߥࠆᲧセ⊛㊀޿ಽሶߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙᢙߩᝄേ⁁ᘒ߇ኒߦಽᏓߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㜞ᒝᐲߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߦኻߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙᢙߩ⿒ᄖశሶࠍᰴ‫ߣޘ‬ㅦ߿߆ߦๆ෼ߒߡ㜞ᰴߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߦ㆐ߒ‫ߪߦ޿ߟޔ‬ൻቇ⚿ว߇ಾࠇߡ⸃㔌ߔࠆ߹ߢߦ⥋ࠆ‫ߩ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޕ‬ዊߐ޿⿒ᄖశሶߩๆ෼
ߦࠃࠆᝄേബ⿠ߛߌߢಽሶ߇⸃㔌ߔࠆߣ޿߁⃻⽎ߪ↹ᦼ⊛ߥߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᝄേ㊂ሶᢙ3ߥ޿ߒ4⒟ᐲ߹ߢߩᝄേḰ૏߳ߩㆫ⒖ߪ‫ࠬ࡞ࡄߩ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬᏷߇ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߩⴣ⓭ᤨ㑆ߦᲧߴߡ⍴޿ᤨ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ㆬᛯᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬AmbartzumianࠄߪBCl3ߦ὇㉄ࠟࠬ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ࠍᾖ኿ߒߡ10Bߣ
11Bࠍಽ㔌ߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ15)‫ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᰴߩ᭽ߥᄙశሶ⿒ᄖๆ෼෻ᔕ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬  C2D4Cl2→DCl+CD2CDCl 㧔HߣDߩಽ㔌ߦ೑↪㧕17)
  2CF3I→C2F6+I2 㧔12Cߣ13Cߩಽ㔌ߦ೑↪㧕18)
2.6 శ⇣ᕈൻ 4),40)
 శൻቇ෻ᔕߦࠃࠆൻว‛ߩ⇣ᕈൻߢ‫ޔ‬శࠍๆ෼ߒߚಽሶ⥄૕߇⇣ᕈൻߔࠆ႐วߣ‫ޔ‬శࠍๆ෼ߒߚಽሶ߇ߘߩബ⿠ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍઁߩಽሶߦਈ߃ߡ⇣ᕈൻߐߖࠆ႐วߣ‫ޔ‬శࠍๆ෼ߒ
ߚಽሶ߇శಽ⸃ߥߤߩ෻ᔕࠍ⿠ߎߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬෻ᔕ‛߇ઁߩಽሶࠍ⇣ᕈൻߐߖࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬1Ბ㓏శ⸃㔌ߣห᭽ߩ 1 శሶ㧙ಽሶ෻ᔕߦࠃࠆಽ㔌ㆊ⒟ߩ৻ߟߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬14N ߣ 15N ߩಽ㔌ߦ‫ޔ‬CH3NC ߩశ⇣ᕈൻ߇೑↪ߐࠇߚ଀߇޽ࠆ 19)‫ޕ‬
2.7 శᵒേ 4)Ⲣὐࠃࠅ௖߆ߦૐ޿⒟ᐲߩࡑ࠻࡝࠶ࠢࠬਛࠍ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ࠍ฽߻ಽሶ߇శሶࠍๆ෼ߒߡᵒേߔࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬BCl3 ߩ଀߇޽ࠆ 20)‫ޕ‬
㧙5㧙

2.8 శ࿶஍ะ 4) 㜞⌀ⓨߩ߽ߣߢේሶ߹ߚߪಽሶࡆ࡯ࡓߦኻߒߡ⋥ⷺᣇะߦ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ห૏૕ߛߌࠍബ⿠ߔࠆ
࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍᒰߡࠆߣ‫ޔ‬శሶࠍๆ෼ߒߚේሶ߹ߚߪಽሶߪశሶ߆ࠄ௖߆ߥㆇേ㊂ࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬ࡆ࡯ࡓߩᣇะ߆ࠄ௖߆ߦߕࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬஍ะߪᭂ߼ߡዊߐ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬㜞⌀ⓨਛߢࡆ࡯ࡓࠍ⛉ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ba ߩታ㛎଀߇޽ࠆ 21)㨪23)‫ޕ‬

㧙6㧙

3.

ේሶ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᴺ

 ⾰㊂ᢙ A ߩᄙ㔚ሶේሶߩࡂࡒ࡞࠻࠾ࠕࡦࠍ H A ߣߔࠆߣ‫࡯ࠟࡦࠖ࠺࡟ࡘࠪޔ‬ᣇ⒟ᑼߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ේሶߩ⁁ᘒࠍ⴫ߔ࿕᦭㑐ᢙ< i ,< f ߣߘࠇߦኻᔕߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࿕᦭୯ E i , E f ߇ᰴߩ᭽ߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬hȞ

i

H A < i = Ei < i
H A< f = E f < f

E f  Ei   (3.1)

fේሶ߇⁁ᘒ i ߆ࠄ f ߦㆫ⒖ߔࠆᤨ‫ޔ‬ᑼ㧔3.1㧕ߦᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ㆫ⒖ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ E f  E i ߩశߩๆ෼
߹ߚߪ᡼಴߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ 40)‫ޕ‬ ห૏૕㑆ߩේሶๆ෼ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߩ㆑޿ߪ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂‫ޔ‬ᩭ㔚⩄ಽᏓ‫ޔ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻
╬ߩ㆑޿ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ‫⾰ޕ‬㊂ߩᓇ㗀ߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦシ޿ේሶߦᣈ޿ߡ‫࡝ࡌ࠼࡯ࡘ࡝ޔ‬ቯᢙߩᏅ⇣ߣߒߡ⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩭ㔚⩄ಽᏓߩᓇ㗀ߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ㊀޿ේሶߦᣈ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩᏅ⇣ߣߒߡ⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩᓇ㗀ߪ‫⿥ޔ‬ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߩᏅ⇣ߣߒߡห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ 34)‫ޕ‬ߎߎߢߪ‫ޔ‬ේሶߩ⁁ᘒߩㆫ⒖ߦᣈ޿ߡ᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ㔚⏛ᵄߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߔߥࠊߜ

hȞ E f  Ei ߦᣈߌࠆᝄേᢙQ ߩߕࠇ GQ AAc 㧔 A, Ac ߪᲧセߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆห૏૕ߩ⾰㊂ᢙ㧕ࠍห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߣቯ⟵ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬įȞ AAcį ( E f  Ei )h   (3.2)⴫3-1ߦ133CsࠍၮḰߣߒߚ႐วߩ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߩታ㛎࠺࡯࠲ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ේሶߩ⁁ᘒࠍ⴫ߔ6,7ߣ޿߁ᢙሼߪਥ㊂ሶᢙ‫ ޔ‬s , p ߪᣇ૏㊂ሶᢙ l ߩಽశቇ⊛⴫␜㧔 lߣ߈ s ‫ޔ‬l 1 ߩߣ߈ p 㧕‫ޔ‬ฝ஥ߩࠨࡈࠖ࠶ࠢࠬߪࠬࡇࡦࠍ฽߼ߚ㔚ሶߩⷺㆇേ㊂ j⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬⴫3-1 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻㧔133CsࠍၮḰߣߔࠆ㧕24)
6sIS(MHz)
6sIS(MHz)
⾰㊂ᢙ A
⾰㊂ᢙ A
123
7p1/2
259(12)
131
7p1/2
㧙9(6)
124

7p1/2

261(6)

131

6p3/2

10.4(1.6)

125

7p1/2

152(11)

132

7p1/2

60(15)

126

7p1/2

208(7)

132

6p3/2

74.3(1.3)

127

7p1/2

94(13)

134

6p3/2

33.1(2.5)

128

7p1/2

155(6)

135

6p3/2

㧙36.4(2.0)

129

7p1/2

53(9)

137

7p1/2

㧙104(2.0)

130

7p1/2

56(8)

137

6p3/2

㧙147.4(2.5)

130

6p3/2

74.0(2.2)







0ߩ
l sࠍ

 ห૏૕㑆ߢේሶๆ෼ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇⇣ߥࠆᤨ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߩߺࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߢബ⿠ߐߖࠆ
ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠ߐࠇߚේሶߪ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ߐࠇߥ޿ේሶߣ‛ℂ⊛‫ޔ‬ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰߇⇣ߥࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬૗ࠄ߆ߩᠲ૞ࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡಽ㔌ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 4)‫ޔߡߒߣ଀ޕ‬ബ⿠ߒߚේሶߦᦝ
ߦ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ࠍᾖ኿ߒߡ㔚㔌㧔ಽሶߩ႐วߪ⸃㔌㧕ߐߖ‫ޔ‬㔚႐࡮⏛႐ࠍ߆ߌߡ࿁෼ߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ߒߚේሶߦኻߒ෻ᔕᕈߩ㜞޿ൻቇ෻ᔕࠍ⿠ߎߐߖ࿁෼ߔࠆᣇᴺ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬4.1 ߢㅀߴࠆ࡞
ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓห૏૕ಽ㔌߆ࠄߩ㘃ផߢ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬႐ว‫ޔ‬62S1/2→62P3/2 ߇ 135Cs ߩㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߩ୥⵬ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧙7㧙ߎߎߢ‫ޔ‬2S1/2,2P3/2 ߣ޿߁ᮡ⸥ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄙ㔚ሶ♽ߩో゠㆏ⷺㆇേ㊂ࠍ L ‫ⷺࡦࡇࠬోޔ‬ㆇേ㊂ࠍ S ‫ޔ‬ోⷺㆇേ㊂ࠍ J L  S (Russell-Saunders ⚿ว)ߣߒߚᤨ‫ޔ‬Ꮐ਄ߩࠨࡈࠖ࠶ࠢࠬ߇ࠬࡇࡦᄙ㊀
ᐲ 2 S  1 ‫ޔ‬S,P ߪ L ߩಽశቇ⊛⴫␜㧔 L 0 ߩߣ߈ S ‫ ޔ‬L 1 ߩߣ߈ P 㧕‫ޔ‬ฝਅߩࠨࡈࠖ࠶ࠢ
ࠬߪ J ࠍ⴫ߔ‫ߣࠆ߼➙ޕ‬
2 S 1

LJ L Sߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 3-1 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬62S1/2ψ62P3/2 ㆫ⒖ߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪ 133Cs ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ㧙36.4MHz
ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩඨዉ૕࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߪ 1MHz ᧂḩߩಽ⸃⢻ࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬Doppler ലᨐ߿ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩᅹኂ╬߇ߥߌࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߪචಽน⢻ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߢߪ‫ߗߥޔ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻߇⿠ߎࠆߩ߆‫ߚࠇࠄߴ⺞ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬⍮⷗ࠍએਅߦㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬

3.1 Normal mass shift
AAcห૏૕ߩ⾰㊂ᢙߩᏅ߇⋥ធ GQ ߦ෸߷ߔലᨐ߇mass shiftߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߢߎߎޕ‬㊂ሶജቇߩၮᧄߦ┙㄰ߞߡ‫߆ࠆࠇߐ⴫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤ߇࠻ࡈࠪߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙ㔚ሶේሶ㧔ᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩᢙ߇ Z 㧕ߩ㕖⋧ኻ⺰⊛ࡂࡒ࡞࠻࠾ࠕࡦߪ‫ޔ‬㊀ᔃ♽ߢ৻⥸ߦᰴᑼߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
Z
Z
p2
P2
Ze 2
e2
¦ i ¦ ¦     (3.3)
2M A i 1 2me i 1 ri
i  j rijHA

M A 㧦ᩭߩ⾰㊂㧔 A ߪ⾰㊂ᢙ㧕me 㧦㔚ሶߩ⾰㊂
P 㧦ᩭߩㆇേ㊂Ṷ▚ሶpi 㧦 i ⇟⋡ߩ㔚ሶߩㆇേ㊂Ṷ▚ሶZ 㧦ේሶ⇟ภe 㧦㔚᳇⚛㊂
ri 㧦 i ⇟⋡ߩ㔚ሶߩᩭ߆ࠄߩ〒㔌rij 㧦 i ⇟⋡ߣ j ⇟⋡ߩ㔚ሶ㑆ߩ〒㔌ᑼ㧔3.3㧕ߩฦ㗄ߪ‫ޔ‬㗅ߦ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩㆇേࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯‫ޔ‬ᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩㆇേࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ✚๺‫ޔ‬ฦ㔚ሶߣᩭߣߩ㑆ߩ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩ✚๺‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ㑆ߩ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩ✚๺ࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬ේሶߪන⁛ߢሽ࿷ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄖജࠍฃߌߥ޿߽ߩߣߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ㆇേ㊂ߩ๺ߪ㔖ߣߥࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬PZ¦ p i     (3.4)
i 1ᄙ㗄ቯℂߦࠃࠅ§ Z·¨¨  ¦ p i ¸¸
© i1 ¹?HA

2

Z¦ p  2¦ p  p     (3.5)
i 1

2
i

i j

i

j

Z
pi2
e2
1
Ze 2

p

p


    (3.6)¦¦ i j ¦¦
M A i ji 1 rii  j riji 1 2P A
Z

ߎߎߢ

PA

M A me    (3.7)
M A  meߪ឵▚⾰㊂ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿕᦭ᣇ⒟ᑼߪ‫ޔ‬H A < A(r ) E A < A(r )     (3.8)ߣ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧙8㧙ᑼ㧔3.6㧕ߦᣈ޿ߡ‫ ╙ޔ‬2 㗄 (1 / M A )¦ p  p ߪ⾰㊂ಽᭂ㗄ߣ๭߫ࠇ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬㒰޿ߚࡂ
i

j

i j

ࡒ࡞࠻࠾ࠕࡦ
Z
pi2
e2
Ze 2


    (3.9)¦¦¦
i 1 2P A
i 1 rii  j rijZ

H AB

ࠍ‫ߣࡦࠕ࠾࠻࡞ࡒࡂ࡮ࠕ࡯ࡏޔ‬⒓ߔࠆ‫ࠆࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ࠍ Bohr mass shift (BMS)߹
ߚߪ Normal mass shift (NMS)ߣ๭߱‫ޕ‬
B

Bࡏ࡯ࠕ࡮ࡂࡒ࡞࠻࠾ࠕࡦߩ࿕᦭ᵄേ㑐ᢙࠍ< A ( r ) ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬࿕᦭୯ࠍ E A ߣߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬E AB < AB (r )     (3.10)

H AB < AB (r )ߣ޿߁ᣇ⒟ᑼ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ⾰㊂߇ή㒢ᄢߩේሶࠍ઒ᗐߔࠆߣ

M A meM A  memeo me     (3.11)
1  me / M Aߣߥࠆ߆ࠄ‫ߪࡦࠕ࠾࠻࡞ࡒࡂ࡮ࠕ࡯ࡏޔ‬ᰴߩ᭽ߦ⾰㊂ᢙ A ߦଐሽߒߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
Z
Z
p2
e2
Ze 2
H fB ¦ i  ¦ ¦     (3.12)
i  j riji 1 2mei 1 riPA ߎߎߢ‫ޔ‬NMS ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߚ߼ߩḰ஻ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᄌᢙᄌ឵ࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬

ric
pci

PA

ri     (3.13)m i! gradmP

p i     (3.14)

ߎࠇࠃࠅ‫ޔߪࡦࠕ࠾࠻࡞ࡒࡂ࡮ࠕ࡯ࡏޔ‬P A §¨ Z pic2

¦

H AB

me ¨© i 1 2me

Ze 2
e2 ·
 ¦ ¸     (3.15)¸
i 1 ric
i  j rijc ¹Z¦ߣ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᑼ㧔3.15㧕ߩฝㄝߩ᜝ᒐౝߪ‫ޔ‬ᑼ㧔3.12㧕ߣหᒻߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩᢥ₂ߪ‫ޔ‬ᑼ㧔3.15㧕
߆ࠄ

E AB

PA
me

E fB     (3.16)
B

B

B

ߣ⚿⺰ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬෩ኒߦߪᱜߒߊߥ޿‫ ޕ‬E A ߪ‫ ޔ‬H A ߩ࿕᦭ᵄേ㑐ᢙ< A ( r ) ߦઃB㓐ߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࿕᦭୯ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ ( ޔ‬P A / me ) E f ߪᑼ(3.15)ߩฝㄝ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬< fB (r c) ߦઃ㓐ߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࿕᦭୯ߛ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ᵄേ㑐ᢙߩ㑐ᢙ♽߇⇣Bߥࠆ‫ޕ‬෩ኒߥࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࿕᦭୯ E A ߪᰴᑼߢ᳞߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬

E AB

³<
V

B̐
A

(r )H AB< AB (r )d 3 r2Z§ Z pc2§ me ·
̐Ze 2
e 2 ·¸ B¨¨¸¸ ³ < AB (me r c / P A )¨ ¦ i  ¦< A (me r c / P A )d 3 r c 㧔3.17㧕¦¸¨Vi  j rijc ¹© PA ¹© i 1 2me i 1 ricZ§ Z pic2
PA B PAZe 2
e 2 ·¸ BB̐¨cEf< f (r )¨ ¦< f (r c)d 3 r c    㧔3.18㧕
¦
¦
³
¸
V
me
me
i  j rijc ¹© i 1 2me i 1 ricᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᑼ㧔3.17㧕ߣ㧔3.18㧕߇චಽߥㄭૃߢធㄭߒว߁ߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߽ߒ(3.16)߇ㄭૃᑼߣߒߡណ↪ߢ߈ࠆߥࠄ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂ᢙ A ෸߮ Ac ߩห૏૕㑆ߦᣈߌࠆ NMS ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧙9㧙

M Ac
MA
EfB 
EfB
M Ac  me
M A  meAAc
hGQ NMSme EfB ( M Ac  M A )   ( M A  me )( M Ac  me )me EfB ( M Ac  M A )h( M A  me )( M Ac  me ) me ( M Ac  M A )μ A EfB
M A ( M Ac  me )me hme ( M Ac  M A )Ȟ A    㧔3.19㧕
M A ( M Ac  me )

Ȟ Ac  Ȟ A
ȞAAAc? GQ NMS

me EfB ( M Ac  M A )h( M A  me )( M Ac  me ) me ( M Ac  M A )μ Ac EfB
M Ac ( M A  me )me hme ( M Ac  M A )Ȟ Ac    㧔3.20㧕
M Ac ( M A  me )

Ȟ Ac  Ȟ A
Ȟ Ac
AAc? GQ NMSAAc
 GONMSȞ Ac  Ȟ A
ȞAme ( M Ac  M A )O Ac
M A ( M Ac  me )me ( M A  M Ac )O Ac    㧔3.21㧕
M A ( M Ac  me )AAc
? GONMSȞ Ac  Ȟ A
Ȟ Ac



AAc
? GO NMS

AAc
GONMS
OA

me ( M Ac  M A )M Ac ( M A  me )me ( M A  M Ac )O A    㧔3.22㧕
M Ac ( M A  me ) ᑼ㧔3.19㧕߆ࠄ‫ ߫߃଀ޔ‬85Rb ߩ D2 ✢㧔780nm㧕ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬85Rb ߣ 87Rb ߩ㑆ߩ NMS ߪ೨⠪ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ‫⚂ޔ‬+57.1MHz㧔㧙1.1610㧙4nm㧕‫ޔ‬133Cs ߩ D2 ✢㧔852.1nm㧕ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬133Cs ߣ
135
Cs ߩ㑆ߩ NMS ߪ೨⠪ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ‫ ⚂ޔ‬21.5MHz㧔㧙5.2110㧙5nm㧕ߣ⹜▚ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫ߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᑼ㧔3.16㧕߇૶߃ࠆߣ޿߁೨ឭߩਅߢߩ⚿ᨐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᑼ㧔3.19㧕ߪ NMSߩ౏ᑼߣߒߡᐢߊ↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᑼ㧔3.4㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆේሶ߇ᄖജࠍฃߌߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ೨ឭߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓ╬߇⌀ⓨਛߢ⫳᳇⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ℂᗐ⊛ߥ᧦ઙߩਅߢᚑࠅ┙ߟᑼߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⫳᳇࿶ߦ߽ࠃࠆ߇‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ේሶᴺߪ߶߷ߎߩ᧦ઙਅߦ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㊄ዻ⁁ᘒ‫ޔ‬ൻว‛⁁ᘒ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ṁᶧਛߦࠗࠝࡦߣߒߡሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥ႐วߦߪᚑࠅ┙ߚߥ޿‫ޕ‬

3.2 Specific mass shift
NMSߩ⸘▚ߢߪήⷞߒߚ⾰㊂ಽᭂ㗄 (1 / M A )¦ p  p ߩ࿕᦭୯
i

j

i j

1
Ȍ ̐A r ¦ pi  p jȌ A r d 3 r     (3.23)
³
V
MA
i j
AAc

ߩห૏૕㑆ߩᏅ GQ SMS ࠍSpecific mass shift (SMS)ߣ๭߱‫ޕ‬ᄙ㔚ሶේሶߦߟ޿ߡߎߩ⸘▚ࠍⴕ߁ߩߪኈᤃߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬

㧙10㧙

AAc
GQ SMS

AAc
K SMS

AAc
    (3.24)
Ac  A

AAc

AAc

ߢቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ K SMS ࠍSMS constantߣ๭߱‫⴫ޕ‬3-2ߦ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩㆫ⒖62S1/2, 62P3/2ߩ K SMS ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᐞߟ߆ߩᚻᴺߢ⸘▚ߐࠇߚ଀ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
⴫3-2 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩSMS constant24)
AAc

62S1/2 ߦᣈߌࠆ K

AAc

SMS

㧔MHz amu㧕
HF
RPA
Ǜ(2)
Brueckner
InterpFit
PT
ߘߩઁ

62P3/2 ߦᣈߌࠆ K SMS
㧔MHz amu㧕

㧙773.18
㧙355.55
㧙133.196.75
㧙99.84
㧙89.31
㧙314.2
㧙23.5

㧙170.4
㧙40.31
20.66
47.33
29.38
30.17
㧙5.0
9.2

 ⴫3-2ࠍ⷗ߡಽࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᚻᴺߦࠃࠅ୯ߦ߆ߥࠅߩ߫ࠄߟ߈߇޽ࠅ‫৻ޔ‬ቯߩ୯ߦ෼᧤ߒߥ
޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬SMSߩㆡᩰߥ⹏ଔߪ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

3.3 Field shift
Field shift (FS)ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓ⁁ᴫ߇ห૏૕ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆߎߣߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆห૏૕ࠪ
ࡈ࠻ߢ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩᐔဋ⥄ਸ਼ඨᓘߦࠃࠆ࿃ሶߣᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩᵄേ㑐ᢙ߇ᩭߩ૏⟎ߦᣈ޿ߡ㔖ߢߥ޿ߎߣߦࠃࠆ࿃ሶߣߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Heilig, Steudel (1974) ࠄߩℂ⺰ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ේሶ⇟ภ Z ߩర⚛ߦᣈ޿ߡ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂ᢙ A ߣ Ac ߩห૏૕㑆ߩFSߪㄭૃ⊛ߦᰴᑼߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ25)‫ޕ‬

a 03
f (Z)į ¢ r 2 ² AAc     (3.25)
Z
2
ߎߎߢ a 0 ߪBohrඨᓘ‫( \ޔ‬0) ߪ㕖⋧ኻ⺰⊛㊂ሶജቇࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣߒߚේሶߩਛᔃߦᣈߌࠆᩭ
įȞ AAcʌ ȥ (0)2

2 AAc

ᄖ㔚ሶߩሽ࿷⏕₸‫ޔ‬G ¢ r ² ߪᩭߩᐔဋ⥄ਸ਼ඨᓘߩห૏૕㑆ߩᏅ‫ ޔ‬f ( Z ) ߪ⋧ኻ⺰⊛⵬ᱜࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬f ( Z ) ߪDiracᣇ⒟ᑼߦၮߠ޿ߡ⸘▚ߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓߪ৻ቯߣ઒ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬2 AAc

ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬FS߇ᩭߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓ⁁ᴫ߆ࠄฃߌࠆᓇ㗀ߪਥߣߒߡ G ¢ r ²

ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓ৻ቯߣ޿߁઒ቯ߇ f ( Z ) ߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ߪᄢ߈ߊߥ޿ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Zimmermann
1985, Blundell et al 1985, Bodmer 1953㧕‫ޕ‬AAc

 એ਄ࠍ✚วߒߡ‫ޔ‬FS constant K FS ߪᰴᑼߩࠃ߁ߦቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
AAc
įȞ FS

AAc
K FS
į ¢ r 2 ² AAc   㧔3.26㧕

AAc࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ K FS ߪ‫⴫ߢ▚⸘ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬3-3ߩࠃ߁ߥ୯߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧙11㧙⴫3-3 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩFS constant24)
AAc

62S1/2 ߦᣈߌࠆ K

AAc

62P3/2 ߦᣈߌࠆ K FS

FS

HF
RPA
<Ǜ(2)>

㧔MHz amu㧕㧔MHz amu㧕
㧙1270
㧙1405
㧙2050

0.0
54.9
45.4

BO<Ǜ(2)>

㧙2119

46.7

㧙1914

51.2

㧙1894
㧙2069

52.2
70.53

п

BO(Ǜ )
SD+E3
ߘߩઁ

AAc
AAc
K SMS
߶ߤߢߪߥ޿߇‫ ޔ‬K FS ߽ᚻᴺߦࠃߞߡ߫ࠄߟ߈߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬FSߦ㑐ߔࠆቯ⺑ߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2 AAc

ߣߎࠈߢ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂ᢙߩᄢ߈޿ේሶߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓߩห૏૕㑆ߩᏅߪ G ¢ r ²
2 AAc

ಽߣߥߞߡߊࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬Seltzer㧔1969㧕ߪ G ¢ r ²
momentߣ๭߫ࠇࠆᰴᑼߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆዷ㐿ᑼࠍዉ౉ߒߚ25)‫ޕ‬O AAc

G ¢ r 2 ² AAc ߢߪਇචߩઍࠊࠅߦSelterC2
G ¢ r 4 ² AAc         (3.27)
C1

ᦝߦAufmuth㧔1982, 1985㧕ߪᰴᑼߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ࿃ሶࠍዉ౉ߒߚ25)‫ޕ‬N

D 3
a0 , D
4Z

2

4S ȥ (0)     (3.28)

ߎࠇࠍ↪޿ߡ㧔2.20㧕ߪᰴߩ᭽ߦᦠ߈឵߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

GQ AAcNf ( Z )O AAc     (3.29)
2

2 AAc

 ᑼ(3.25)߆ࠄಽࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ ޔ‬f (Z ) , \ (0) , G ¢ r ²

㧔߹ߚߪ O

AAc

㧕ߪFSࠍ᳞߼ࠆߩߦᔅⷐ

ਇนᰳߥࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫᦭ߡ޿ߟߦࠄࠇߎޔ‬ജߥᢙ୯ߪ⷗ᒰߚࠄߥ޿߇‫࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬
2

2 AAc

ࡓߣ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߩ \ (0) , G ¢ r ²

ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬⍮⷗ࠍએਅߦ⸥ߒߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬2(1) ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߣ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߦᣈߌࠆ \ (0) ߩᓇ㗀࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩၮᐩ⁁ᘒߪ
2
S1/2 (L=0, S=1/2, J=1/2)㧦
    (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)10(5s)2(5p)6(6s)1ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠⁁ᘒ    (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)10(5s)2(5p)6(6p)1ࠍ⠨߃ߚߣ߈‫(ޔ‬5p)6 ߹ߢߪࠠ࠮ࡁࡦߩ㔚ሶ㈩⟎ߣหߓߢ‫ޔ‬1S0 (L=0, S=0, J=0)ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߦࠇߎޔ‬l =1, s=r1/2 ߩ㔚ሶ߇ടࠊࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ബ⿠⁁ᘒߪ 2P3/2,1/2 (L=1, S=r1/2, J=3/2,1/2)ߣ⴫ߐࠇ
ࠆ‫⁁ߩࠄࠇߎߡߞࠃޕ‬ᘒ㑆ߦᣈߌࠆㆫ⒖ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ◲ẖߦ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬
6s1 2S1/2 → 6p1 2P3/2,1/2
ߣߎࠈߢ‫ޔ‬FS ߩ⴫ᑼ㧔3.25㧕ߢ‫ߦࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬ᣈ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬p 㔚ሶ߇ᩭౝߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ⏕₸ߩ s 㔚ሶߩߘࠇߦኻߔࠆഀวߪ Fradkin (1962)ߦࠃࠆߣ
2\ (0) p2

\ (0) s0.044

ߣ⷗Ⓧࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ 26)‫ޔ‬ᢙ୯߆ࠄಽࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬s 㔚ሶߩᵄേ㑐ᢙߩᩭ߳ߩㅴ౉ߪ p 㔚ሶࠃࠅ߽ᩴ㆑޿ߦᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬FS ߪਥߣߒߡ s 㔚ሶߩነਈߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠫࡆ࡞ޔ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߪ
2
S1/2 (L=0, S=1/2, J=1/2)㧦
㧙12㧙

    (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(5s)1ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ബ⿠⁁ᘒ    (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(5p)1ࠍ⠨߃ߚߣ߈‫(ޔ‬4p)6 ߹ߢߪࠢ࡝ࡊ࠻ࡦߩ㔚ሶ㈩⟎ߣหߓߢ‫ޔ‬1S0 (L=0, S=0, J=0)ߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠇߎޔ‬ߦ l =1, s=r1/2 ߩ㔚ሶ߇ടࠊࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ബ⿠⁁ᘒߪ 2P3/2,1/2 (L=1, S=r1/2, J=3/2,1/2)ߣ⴫ߐ
ࠇࠆ‫⁁ߩࠄࠇߎߡߞࠃޕ‬ᘒ㑆ߦᣈߌࠆㆫ⒖ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ◲ẖߦ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬
5s1 2S1/2 → 5p1 2P3/2,1/2࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߦᣈ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬p 㔚ሶ߇ᩭౝߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ⏕₸ߩ s 㔚ሶߩߘࠇߦኻߔࠆഀวߪ Fradkin(1962)ߦࠃࠆߣ
2\ (0) p0.019

2

\ (0) sߣ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 26)‫ޕ‬(2) ᩭߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲߩᓇ㗀2 AAc

ᩭߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲߪᑼ㧔3.25㧕ߦᣈ޿ߡ G ¢ r ² ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲ U (r ) ߪ‫ޔ‬ᢙ⊖MeVߩ㔚ሶᢔੂߦࠃߞߡᦨ߽♖⏕ߦ᷹ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬U (r )   U (0)1  e ( r - R ) /b
R 1.07 A1 / 3 fm    (3.30)

b0.55 fmߣ޿߁⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ27)‫ޔߪߣߎࠆ߃⸒ࠄ߆ࠇߎޕ‬࡮ᩭߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩౝㇱߢߪᄢ૕৻ቯߢ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ㄭߊߢᕆỗߦᷫዋߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
1/ 3࡮ᩭߩਛᔃㇱߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲߩ⚂ඨಽߦߥࠆ૏⟎ߢએߞߡᩭඨᓘ R ࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߣ R ߪ AߦᲧ଀ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮⴫㕙ߩෘߐ b ߪᩭߦࠃࠄߕᄢ૕৻ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ᩭߩਛᔃㇱߢߩ㔚⩄ኒᐲ U (0) ߪ⾰㊂ᢙ A ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߦߟࠇߡ‫ޔ‬௖߆ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇ᷫዋߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ᩭߩౝㇱߢ‫ޔ‬㓁ሶߣਛᕈሶߩಽᏓ߇หߓߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᩭ‛⾰ኒᐲ
U M (r ) ߣ U (r ) ߩ㑆ߦߪU (r ) v

Z
U M (r )   (3.31)
A  ߣ޿߁㑐ଥ߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟ‫ޕ‬
2

76

Rb ߆ࠄ 87Rb ߹ߢߪ‫ ޔ‬¢ r ² ߇㗅ߦዊߐߊߥࠆߎߣ߇ታ㛎ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߦ․ޕ‬87Rb ߪ
2ਛᕈሶᢙ߇ 50 ߢ magic number ߢ޽ࠅ‫߼ߚߩߘޔ‬ᩭ‛⾰߇ࠃࠅ⒮ኒߢ ¢ r ² ߪ․ߦዊߐߊߥ
ࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ේሶᩭߩᩭᄖ㔚ሶߦኻߔࠆ᧤❈ജ߽ᒝߊߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬Q
85

87

12

87

ߪㄭ㓞ߩᩭ⒳ࠃࠅ⪺ߒߊᄢ߈
12ߊߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫ ޔ‬Rb ߣ Rb ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬5s S1/2 → 5p P3/2,1/2 ߦᣈߌࠆ GQ
ੱ߆ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ᷹ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ ޔ‬GQ

AAc

AAc

߇‫ޔ‬૗

߇ A ߦኻߒߡᱜߩ஥߳㧔ߟ߹ࠅ A ߇ᄢ߈ߊAAc

ߥࠆߦᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬Q ߽ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆᣇะ߳㧕‫ ޔ‬GQ NMS ߩ⸘▚୯ࠍ߆ߥࠅᄢ߈ߊ਄࿁ࠆ୯ߢ᷹ⷰߐ
ࠇߚߣߩႎ๔߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬2

ㅒߦ 87Rb ߆ࠄ 98Rb ߹ߢߪ ¢ r ² ߇ᕆㅦߦᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߎߣ߇ታ㛎ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬GQ
96

AAc

ߪ

97

Rb ߣ Rb ߩ㑆ߢ․ߦᄢ߈ߊ‫ ޔ‬A ߦኻߒߡ⽶ߩ஥ߦ㧔ߟ߹ࠅ A ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߦᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬Q
AAc

AAc

ߪዊߐߊߥࠆᣇะ߳㧕㧙350MHz ߣႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޕ‬GQ NMS ߪ 22MHz ߢ‫ ޔ‬GQ SMS ߽ߘࠇߊAAc

ࠄ޿ߛߣߔࠆߣ‫ ޔ‬GQ FS ߩ A ߦኻߔࠆ⽶ߩ஥߳ߩነਈߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈޿‫ ߪߦࠇߎޕ‬97Rb ߩᩭ㧙13㧙ߩᄌᒻ߇㑐ਈߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 26)‫ޕ‬(3) ᩭߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻߩലᨐ
㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ Q ߩቯ⟵ᑼߪ‫ޔ‬Q1r 2 (3 cos 2 T  1)U (r,ș,M )dV    (3.32)
e ³Vߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬F.Buchinger, P.Dabkiewicz, H.J.Kluge, A.C.Mueller, E.W.Otten㧔1986㧕ࠄߩℂ⺰ߦࠃࠆ2ߣ‫ ޔ‬¢ r ² ߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ૕Ⓧᄌൻߦࠃࠆነਈ㗄ߣ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻߦࠃࠆነਈ㗄ߣߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬¢r 2 ²AA¢ r 2 ² sph ¢ r 2 ² quad5·
A §¢ r 2 ² sph¢ E 22 ² A ¸     (3.33)
¨1 
© 4S
¹

ߎߎߢ‫ ޔ‬E 2 ߣߪᩭߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻࠍ⴫ߔࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߦ⥸৻ޕ‬ᩭߩᄌᒻߪf

R (T , M )O*
R0 (1  ¦ ¦ D OP
YOP (T , M ))     (3.34)
Ȝ 0 μ O*

40)

ߣ⴫ߐࠇࠆ ‫ ޔߢߎߎޕ‬D OP ߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ⃿ᒻ߆ࠄߩᄌᒻࠍ⃿㕙⺞๺㑐ᢙ YOP (T , M ) ߢዷ㐿ߒߚߣ߈ߩଥᢙߢ

(1) P D O* ,  P     (3.35)

D OPࠍḩߚߔ‫ޕ‬ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ߿ૐ޿ബ⿠⁁ᘒߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭߩᄌᒻߪᱴߤ߇ゲኻ⒓ߢ M ଐሽᕈ߇ߥ޿‫ߎޕ‬
ߩ႐ว P

0 એᄖߢߪ D

0 ߣߥࠆ‫ ᤨߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬D O* 0

D O 0 ߥߩߢ‫ޔ‬f

R (T )

R0 (1  ¦ D O 0YO 0 (T ))     (3.36)
Ȝ 0ߣߥࠆ‫ ߩߎޕ‬D O 0 ߪㅢᏱ E O ߣᦠ߆ࠇ‫ ޔ‬O

2 ߇㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻࠍ⴫ߔ28) ‫⴫ޕ‬3-4,3-5ߦ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ E 2 ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬

⴫3-4 ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߩ E 2 㧔ᩭߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕48)
A

Rb
76
77
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
91
93
94
95
96
97

Ǫ2
㧙0.241 r 0.107+0.441 r 0.047+0.035 r 0.009
㧙0.216 r 0.023+0.245 r 0.025
0.116 r 0.048+0.068 r 0.01
+0.002 r 0.006+0.091 r 0.005+0.079 r 0.016+0.077 r 0.016
㧙0.004 r 0.041
0.093 r 0.022
0.081 r 0.021
0.086 r 0.023+0.043 r 0.016+0.066 r 0.025+0.098 r 0.028+0.323 r 0.038

+0.482 r 0.214+0.432 r 0.046
㧙0.609 r 0.091
㧙0.008 r 0.017+0.092 r 0.005+0.083 r 0.017+0.075 r 0.004+1.218 r 0.183+0.231 r 0.097+0.077 r 0.017+0.096 r 0.005+0.093 r 0.005+0.079 r 0.005+0.081 r 0.005+0.078 r 0.004+0.082 r 0.022+0.086 r 0.022+0.057 r 0.016



㧙14㧙

⴫3-5 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ E 2 㧔ᩭߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕48)
A

Cs
118
119
120
121
122
124
126
128
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
143
144
145
146

Ǫ2
+0.321 r 0.061+0.108 r 0.017+0.329 r 0.021+0.868 r 0.06
㧙1.055 r 0.078
㧙0.47 r 0.043
㧙0.427 r 0.034+0.177 r 0.011
㧙0.036 r 0.006
㧙0.115 r 0.013+0.104 r 0.009
㧙0 r 0+0.045 r 0.007+0.006 r 0.001+0.018 r 0.007+0.004 r 0.005+0.017 r 0.004
㧙0.008 r 0.004+0.029 r 0.007
㧙0.056 r 0.012+0.136 r 0.015
㧙0.086 r 0.007+0.177 r 0.026
㧙0.063 r 0.011

+0.335 r 0.029+0.27 r 0.016+0.061 r 0.006+0.235 r 0.021+0.214 r 0.017
㧙0.354 r 0.023+0.018 r 0.003
㧙0.099 r 0.006+0.108 r 0.007
㧙0 r 0+0.046 r 0.003+0.004 r 0.003+0.023 r 0.002+0.008 r 0.003+0.018 r 0.004
㧙0.009 r 0.002+0.033 r 0.004
㧙0.045 r 0.007+2.111 r 0.157

㧙0.122 r 0.013

㧙0.001 r 0.001+0.006 r 0

㧙0.059 r 0.015

㧙0.066 r 0.007+0.172 r 0.014+0.125 r 0.023

ᩭሶᢙ߇magic number (2,8,20,28,50,82‫ޕ‬ਛᕈሶߦ޽ߞߡߪ126߽฽߻)ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻߪߥ޿ߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㓁ሶᢙߔߥࠊߜේሶ⇟ภ߇magic numberߩర⚛ߪࡋ࡝࠙ࡓ‫ࠞޔ⚛㉄ޔ‬࡞ࠪ࠙ࡓ‫ޔ࠭ࠬޔ࡞ࠤ࠶࠾ޔ‬㋦ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓁ሶᢙ߇magic numberߢ޽ߞߡ߽ਛᕈሶᢙ߇magic
number߆ࠄ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ㔌ࠇߡ޿ࠇ߫㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬magic numberߣᰴߩmagic
numberߩਛ㑆ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆర⚛ߩ྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻ߇ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬㓁ሶᢙߢ޿߁ߣࡎ࠙⚛‫ࠗޔ⚛ࠗࠤޔ‬࠶࠻࡝࠙ࡓ‫ߦࠇߎ߇ࡓ࠙ࠪࡠࡊࠬࠫޔ‬ᒰߚࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ේሶᩭߪᩭሶᢙ߇magic numberࠍ㔌ࠇߡ߽ߥ߆ߥ߆྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻࠍ⿠ߎߐߥ޿‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᩭሶ㑆ߦኻ⋧㑐ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆේሶᩭࠍ⃿ᒻߦ଻ߣ߁ߣߔࠆ⋧੕૞↪߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ28)‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ᩭሶᢙ߇magic
numberઃㄭߩర⚛ߪ‫߆ߥ߆ߥޔ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻࠍ⿠ߎߐߕ‫ޔ‬ᩭሶᢙ߇޽ࠆᢙߦ㆐ߒߡ߆ࠄ
⓭ὼ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻࠍ⿠ߎߔߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ේሶᩭߣ޿߁ዋᢙᄙ૕♽ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ⋧ォ⒖⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߦᏅ⇣ߩߥ޿ห૏૕ߪFSߦ޽߹ࠅᏅ߇ߥ
޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩭࠍബ⿠⁁ᘒߦߔࠆߣ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߦᏅ߇⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߩዊߐ޿ㆫ⒖߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ዊߐߐ߇FSߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᩭࠍബ⿠⁁ᘒߦߒߡFSࠍᄢ߈ߊߒ‫ੱޔ‬Ꮏ⊛ߦห૏૕ലᨐࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߔߎߣ߽น⢻ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩታ㛎୯ࠍ⴫3-6ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ᩭ߇ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߩ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߦߪ޿ߕࠇ߽㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߦᏅ⇣߇⷗ࠄࠇ‫߇ࠇߎޔ‬FSߦነਈߔࠆ
ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߪߡ޿ߟߦࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޕ‬133Csߛߌ߇ઁߩ2ߟߩห૏૕ߣ㆑ߞߚ୯ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬135
Csߣ137Csߩ㑆ߦᄢ߈ߥ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩᏅߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬

㧙15㧙⴫3-6 ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻29)
ᩭ⒳᷹ቯ⁁ᘒQ (barn)
81

85

87

Rb

Rb

Rb

᷹ቯᣇᴺ࡮ႎ๔ᤨᦼ

+0.40(2)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕

ABLS(1981)

㧙0.74(6)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔86keV,9/2+㧕

ABLS(1981)+0.23(4)+0.274(2)+0.273(2)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕
ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕
ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕

ABLS(1981)
OD(1973)
MB(1971)㧙0.7(2)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔514keV,9/2+㧕

OP/RD(1991)+0.132(1)+0.127(1)+0.13(2)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕
ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕
ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕

OD(1973)
OD/R(1971)
ABLS(1981)ബ⿠⁁ᘒߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪߥ޿
133

135

137

Cs

Cs

Cs

㧙0.00371(14)㧙0.009(4)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕

OL(1981)
ABLS(1981)

㧙0.33(2)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔81keV,5/2+㧕

ME(1977)+0.050(2)+0.03(2)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕

OL,OD,R(1975)
ABLS(1981)+0.89(7)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔1633keV,19/2㧙㧕

ABLS(1981)+0.051(1)+0.06(2)+0.03(4)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕

OL.OD,R(1975)
CFBLS(1978)
ABLS(1981)ബ⿠⁁ᘒߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪߥ޿
ABLS㧦Atomic beam laser spectroscopy
CFBLS㧦Collinear fast beam laser spectroscopy
MB㧦Molecular Beam Magnetic ResonanceME㧦Mössbauer effect
OL㧦Optical level crossing
OD㧦Optical double resonance
OP/RD㧦Optical Pumping with Radiative Detection
R㧦Re-evaluated by tabulator, usually because of change in reference standard ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ฦర⚛ߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ㒢ࠆ㧕ࠍ࿑3-1ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪシర⚛ߢߪ⾰㊂ലᨐ߇ᡰ㈩⊛ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬㊀ర⚛ߢߪ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂᄌᒻߦࠃࠆ㔚⩄ಽᏓߩലᨐ߇Ⴧᄢߒߡߊࠆߎߣ߇ಽࠆ‫ߪࡓ࠙ࠫࡆ࡞ޕ‬㧙0.02barn㨪0.58barn‫ߪࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬㧙0.68barn㨪1.45barnߩ▸࿐ߢ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻߇
ࠪࡈ࠻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧙16㧙

㪏

㪍

㪋

㪉

Rb ߩ▸࿐

Cs ߩ▸࿐

㪇㪄㪉㧔Rb㧕37㪄㪋㪇㪉㪇㧔Cs㧕55

㪋㪇

㪍㪇

㪏㪇

㪱

࿑3-1 ේሶᩭߩ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻29)

㧙17㧙

㪈㪇㪇

3.4 ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߦࠃࠆห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ ᄙ㔚ሶේሶߪ㔚ሶߩࠬࡇࡦߦࠃߞߡࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḱ૏߇⚦߆ߊಽⵚߒ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߣ޿߁‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޕ‬ൻቇᴺߢ᦭ജ୥⵬ߣߐࠇࠆ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߣ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߩᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߦࠃࠆㆫ⒖ᵄ㐳ߪᰴߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ 49)‫ޕ‬Rb㧧52S1/2→52P1/2 ߩๆ෼ᵄ㐳㧔794.7nm㧕
Rb㧧52S1/2→52P3/2 ߩๆ෼ᵄ㐳㧔780.0nm㧕
Cs㧧62S1/2→62P1/2 ߩๆ෼ᵄ㐳㧔894.3nm㧕
Cs㧧62S1/2→62P3/2 ߩๆ෼ᵄ㐳㧔852.1nm㧕
ේሶࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ࠍ㜞ಽ⸃⢻ߩಽశེߢⷰኤߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶࠬࡇࡦߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆᢙΈߩᄙ㊀✢߇‫ߦᦝޔ‬0.4Έએਅߦ⚦߆ߊಽⵚߔࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⿥ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߣ޿߁‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽⵚߪᩭࠬࡇࡦߣߘࠇߦ઻߁⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᩭᄖ㔚ሶ߇ᩭߩ૏
⟎ߦ૞ࠆ႐㧔⿥ᓸ⚦႐㧕ߣᩭߩᜬߟ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߣߩ⋧੕૞↪㧔⿥ᓸ⚦⋧੕૞↪㧕ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⚿ᨐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ේሶߩోⷺㆇേ㊂ J ߦ‫ޔ‬ᩭࠬࡇࡦ I ߇ടࠊߞߡ‫ోޔ‬ේሶ♽ߩⷺㆇേ㊂ F ࠍ↢ߓ‫ޔ‬    J  I J  I -1 J  I - 2 ̖ J  Iߦಽⵚߔࠆ21)‫ޕ‬ ᩭࠬࡇࡦߪ
࡮ A ஧ᢙ ߥࠄ߫ I
࡮ Aᢛᢙ߹ߚߪ0஧ᢙ ‫ ޔ‬Z ஧ᢙ ߥࠄ߫ I 0
ᄸᢙ ߥࠄ߫ I ඨᢛᢙ࡮ Aߢ޽ࠆ‫ ޕ‬I 0 ߥࠄ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߪ↢ߓߥ޿27)‫ޕ‬ ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩᩭࠬࡇࡦ෸߮⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩታ㛎୯ࠍ⴫3-7ߦ␜ߔ㧔ᩭࠬࡇࡦߪ‫ޟ‬᷹ቯ⁁ᘒ‫ߩޠ‬ᰣߦࡄ࡝࠹ࠖߣߣ߽ߦ⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬࿑3-2,3-3,3-4ߦ85Rb,87Rb෸߮133Csߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ࿑3-5ߦฦర⚛ߩᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ␜ߔ㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ㒢ࠆ㧕‫ޔߣࠆ⷗ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߪシర⚛߆ࠄ㊀ర⚛ߦᷰߞߡᐢߊห૏૕㑆ߢࠪࡈ࠻ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇
ಽࠆ‫ޕ‬឵⸒ߔࠇ߫‫⿥ޔ‬ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧࠍ೑↪ߒߚห૏૕ߩㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߪᐢ▸࿐ߩర⚛ߦኻߒߡ᦭
ലߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߪߡ޿ߟߦࡓ࠙ࠫࡆ࡞ޕ‬㧙1.70㨪3.36nm‫ߦࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬ኻߒߡߪ㧙0.51㨪3.92nmߩ▸࿐ߢᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻߇ࠪࡈ࠻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩭࠬࡇࡦߪ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߩಽⵚ✢ߩᢙߦᓇ㗀ߒ‫ޔ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߪ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߦᣈߌࠆห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ಽ㔌ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆห૏૕ߩࠬࡇࡦ߇หߓߢ‫߽߆ߒޔ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߦ޽߹ࠅᏅ⇣ߩߥ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ߦਇ೑ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩭࠍബ⿠⁁ᘒߦߔࠆߣ‫⏛ޔࡦࡇࠬޔ‬᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻߇ᄌൻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᩭࠍബ⿠⁁ᘒߦߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ
ߞߡੱᎿ⊛ߦห૏૕ലᨐࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߔߎߣ߽ේℂ⊛ߦน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧙18㧙

 ⴫3-7 ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߣ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩᩭࠬࡇࡦߣ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻29)
P (nm)
᷹ቯ⁁ᘒ
᷹ቯᣇᴺ࡮ႎ๔ᤨᦼ
ᩭ⒳81Rbၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕
+2.0595(14)ABLS(1981)+5.598(2)ABLS(1981)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔86keV,9/2+㧕
85
Rb
ABLS㧔1993㧕
+1.35298(10)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕
+1.3533515(8)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕

N㧔1954㧕

+1.353028(3)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕

AB/D㧔1968㧕

+1.35302(2)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕

OP㧔1968㧕+1.357(1)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔5/2㧙㧕

ABLS㧔1981㧕

+6.043(5)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔514keV,9/2+㧕

OP/RD(1991)+6.046(10)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔514keV,9/2+㧕

OP/RD(1984)+6.16(5)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔514keV,9/2+㧕

TDPAD,SOPAD(1970)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔2826keV,19/2㧙㧕
TDPAD(1990)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕
+2.75131(12)ABLS(1993)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕
+2.751818(2)N(1968)+2.751235(3)OP(1968)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔3/2㧙㧕
133
OP(1973)
Cs +2.582025(3)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕
N(1967)+2.5829128(15)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕
ME(1968)+3.45(2)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔81keV,5/2+㧕
IPAC(1979)+2.0(2)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔161keV,5/2+㧕135
Cs +2.7324(2)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕
AB/D(1957)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕
+2.73(1)ABLS(1981)+2.18(1)ABLS(1981)ബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧔19/2㧙,1633keV㧕137
Cs +2.8513(7)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕
AB/D(1957)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕
+2.838(7)CFBLS(1978)+2.84(1)ABLS(1981)ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧔7/2+㧕
AB/D㧦Atomic beam magnetic resonance (direct moment measurement)
ABLS㧦Atomic beam laser spectroscopy
CFBLS㧦Collinear fast beam laser spectroscopy
IPAC㧦Integral perturbed angular correlation
ME㧦Mössbauer effectN㧦Nuclear magnetic resonance
OP/RD㧦Optical pumping with radiative detection
SOPAD㧦Stroboscopic observation of perturbed angular distribution
TDPAD㧦Time dependent perturbed angular distribution+1.3(4)

87

Rb

㧙19㧙

85

5 2P3/2

Rb, I=5/2

F
4

MHz
100.98
㧙19.75
㧙84.67
㧙115.753
2
1

D2
780.0nm
5 2P1/2

150.88

3
j

i

d

h

2

㧙211.23D1
794.7nmc1264.893

5 2S1/2

g

f

b

a

2

a

㧙1770.84

࿑3-2 85Rbߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ49)

㧙20㧙

87

5 2P3/2

Rb, I=3/2

F
3

MHz
195.00㧙73.20㧙233.00
㧙307.00

2
10

D2
780.0nm
5 2P1/2

306.75

2
j

i

d

h

1

㧙511.25D1
794.7nmc
2563.012

5 2S1/2

g

f

b

a

1

a

㧙4271.69

࿑3-3 87Rbߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ49)

㧙21㧙

133

Cs, I=7/2

F
5

6 2P3/2

MHz
265.9112.88
㧙189.93㧙342.274
3
2

D2
852.1nm489.21

4

6 2P1/2

A

B

d

C

3

㧙628.99D1
894.3nmc
4021.78

4

6 2S1/2

D

E

b

F

3

a

㧙5170.86

࿑ 3-4 133Cs ߩ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ 49)

㧙22㧙

㪏

㪍

Rb ߩ▸࿐

Cs ߩ▸࿐

㪋

㪉

㪇

㪄㪉

㧔Rb㧕37㪄㪋㪇㪉㪇㧔Cs㧕55㪋㪇㪍㪇㪱࿑ 3-5 ේሶᩭߩ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)

㧙23㧙

㪏㪇

㪈㪇㪇

4. ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺ
ߎߎߢㅀߴࠆ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߪ‫ޔ‬2.3 ߢㅀߴߚ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯⺃⿠ൻቇ෻ᔕᴺߩ৻⒳ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ೋᦼߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ේሶᴺߦࠃࠆห૏૕ಽ㔌ߢߪ‫ޔ‬෻ᔕ࠮࡞ౝߢ⫳᳇ൻߐߖߚ㊄ዻߦ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩห૏૕ߩߺ߇ๆ෼ߔࠆᵄ㐳ߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍᄙᲑ㓏ᾖ኿ߒ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠࡮ࠗࠝࡦൻߒ‫ޔ‬ߎࠇߦ㔚႐ࠍ߆ߌߡ࿁෼᧼ߦઃ⌕ಽ㔌࿁෼ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᴺࠍណ↪ߒߚ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ᭽ߥ໧㗴߇⿠ߎࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ߆ࠄബ⿠⁁ᘒ߳ߩㆫ⒖ߦ㑐ߔࠆේሶߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శๆ෼ᢿ㕙Ⓧߣ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠⁁ᘒ߆ࠄ㔚㔌⁁ᘒ߳ߩ⒖ⴕߦ㑐ߔࠆේሶߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శๆ෼ᢿ㕙ⓍࠍᲧセߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߩᣇ߇
5㨪6 ᩴ߽ዊߐߊ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ේሶߩኼ๮ౝߦ㔚㔌ߐߖࠆߦߪ㕖Ᏹߦᒝ޿࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ 4)‫ޕ‬࡮ ㆬᛯബ⿠ߒߚห૏૕߇ⴣ⓭࡮ᢔੂߩㆊ⒟ߢਅ૏ߩ⁁ᘒߦᚯࠅ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ේሶߣ㕖ബ⿠ේሶ߇ᷙߓࠅว޿‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌₸߇ૐਅߒߡߒ߹߁‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ෻ᔕ࠮࡞ౝߩ⌀ⓨᐲࠍᭂ߼ߡ㜞ߊߒ‫ޔ‬㊄ዻ⫳᳇ߩ࿶ജࠍᭂ߼ߡૐߊߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ࠆ޽ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬⒟ᐲ➙߹ߞߚ㊂ߩห૏૕ࠍಽ㔌࿁෼ߔࠆߩߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ߒߚේሶߦㆬᛯ⊛ߦൻቇ෻ᔕࠍ⿠ߎߐߖࠆᣇᴺߪ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ൻቇᴺߣ
๭߫ࠇ‫ޔ‬㜞ᒝᐲߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శࠍᔅⷐߣߖߕ‫ޔ‬1ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩബ⿠ߢ࿁෼߇น⢻ߣ޿߁․㐳߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

4.1 ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߩේℂ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߣߪ‫ޔ‬਄ㅀߩ᭽ߦ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ේሶᴺߢㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߒߚห૏૕ߦ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⊛ߦൻቇ෻ᔕࠍ⿠ߎߐߖߡ࿁෼ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮߫߃଀ޔ‬㘃ૃర⚛ߢ޽ࠆ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓ
ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ෻ᔕ߇⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬85

Rb*+H2→85Rb+H2*
85
Rb*+H2*→85RbH+Hߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߐࠇߚ 85Rb*ߩᶖశߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬᳓⚛ಽሶ߇ബ⿠ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ബ⿠᳓⚛ಽሶߪ‫ޔ‬ബ⿠ߒߚ Rb ߣߛߌ෻ᔕߒߡ᳓⚛ൻ‛ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬ዪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩห૏૕ߒ߆ൻቇ෻ᔕ
ߒߥ޿ߎߣߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ߢ߈ߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩᣇᴺߩ㝯ജ⊛ߥὐߪ‫ޔ‬52S1/2→52P3/2㧔D2 ✢㧕ߣ޿߁ㆫ⒖ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫࠙ࠫࡆ࡞ޔ‬ࡓߩଔ㔚ሶ߇ s ゠㆏߆ࠄ p ゠㆏ߦ⒖ߞߚߛߌߩૐബ⿠⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ߦ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬㜞಴ജࠍᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿ߎߣߣ‫ߩ⊛⋡ޔ‬ห૏૕ߩ࿁෼ߦൻቇ⊛ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬2 ᐲ⋡ߩ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᾖ
኿ࠍᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

4.2 ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆߎࠇ߹ߢߩታ❣
ࡠࠪࠕᡰេISTC㧏A㧙635 ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻㧔‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޟ‬ൻቇᴺߦࠃࠆࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝㊄ዻర⚛ߩห૏૕ಽ㔌‫ޔޠ‬2002㧙2004㧕ߦࠃࠆߣ‫⑼ࠕ࠾ࡔ࡞ࠕޔ‬ቇࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࡯‛ℂቇ⎇ⓥᚲߦᣈ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓߦ㑐ߒ‫ޔ‬85Rbࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߐߖ‫ޔ‬᳓⚛ൻ‛ߣߒߡ87Rb߆ࠄߩಽ㔌߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ߢߪ‫ࡓ࠙ࠫࡆ࡞ޔ‬㊄ዻ⫳᳇ߦኻߒ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᾖ኿㧔780nm; D2 ✢㧕ࠍⴕ޿‫࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ࠡ࡯࡟ࡌ࡞ࠍ╙৻ബ⿠࡟ࡌ࡞㧔52P3/2 ; ࿑3-2,3-3ෳᾖ㧕ߦബ⿠ߒ‫ޔ‬లႯߒߚ᳓⚛ಽሶߦࠃࠅ
ബ⿠ේሶߩ᳓⚛ൻ‛ࠍ↢ᚑߐߖߚ‫ߦ⓹࡞࠮ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ᢙࡒࠢࡠࡦߩ85RbH ᨆ಴ጀ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬෻ᔕ⚳ੌᓟ‫ޔ‬᳓⚛ࠟࠬߣᧂ෻ᔕߩ㊄ዻ⫳᳇ࠍឃ಴ߒ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ᾖ኿ࠍᱛ߼‫࡞࠮ޔ‬ࠍ಄ළߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᰴ޿ߢᨆ಴ጀߩઃ⌕ߒߚ⓹ࠍ⚂300͠߹ߢടᾲߒ‫ޔ‬᳓⚛ൻ‛ࠍ⸃㔌ߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩᄤὼ࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓ㧔ේሶ㊂ 85Rb: 87Rb㧔Ǫ㧙ᩭ⒳㧕= 3:1㧕ߩ⚵ᚑߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬᳓㧙24㧙⚛ൻ‛ਛߩ85Rbߪ⚂6 ୚ߣႎ๔ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬නᲑ㓏ߩಽ㔌ߣߒߡߪ㜞޿ಽ㔌ᐲߢ޽ߞߚ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫ޔ‬133Csߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬శബ⿠ߣ᳓⚛ൻ෻ᔕ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑4-1㧕‫ޕ‬ๆ෼శߩᷫዋ

ๆ෼శߩᷫዋ

࿑4-1 ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᾖ኿ߦࠃࠆ133Csߩ᳓⚛ൻ෻ᔕ2)㧔᳓⚛ൻߔࠆߣ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯శ߇ๆ෼ߐࠇߥߊߥࠅ‫ޔ‬CsH߇↢ᚑߒߚߎߣࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬㧕㧙25㧙

5. ㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ᕈะ਄ߩ⎇ⓥ
LIS ߦࠃࠆห૏૕ಽ㔌ߩㆬᛯᕈࠍૐਅߐߖࠆⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ‫౒ޔ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒖ⴕ‫ޔ‬ㄭ
ធㆫ⒖ߩሽ࿷‫ޔ‬Doppler ലᨐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㔚⩄⒖ⴕߦߟ޿ߡߩ⍮⷗ߪ⷗ᒰߚࠄߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ߎޔ‬ߎߢߪᱷࠅਃ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬
5.1 ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߪ‫৻ޔ‬ᣤㆬᛯ⊛ߦബ⿠ߒߚ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓේሶ߇‫ߩઁޔ‬ේሶߣߩⴣ⓭ㆊ⒟ߢ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯബ⿠Ḱ૏ߦㄭ޿ઁߩㆫ⒖߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ‫ࠍ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ᄬ߁⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ‫౒ޕ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߩ⹏ଔߦߪ‫࡯ࡃࡦࠚ࠴ޔ‬ౝߩේሶ㧔࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬㧕ߩࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠬߣ⌀ⓨᐲߩ㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬ᐔဋ⥄↱Ꮏ⒟‫౒ޔ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߩේ࿃ߣߥࠆㆫ⒖ߩ․ቯ෸߮ߘߩᢿ㕙Ⓧࠍ⍮ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ലᨐࠍ㒐ᱛߔࠆߦߪ⌀ⓨᐲࠍᭂ߼ߡ㜞ߊߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ⊛ߦ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ➙߹ߞߚ㊂ߩ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓࠍಣℂߔࠆߎߣߣߪࠫ࡟ࡦࡑߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ේሶࠍࡆ࡯ࡓߦߔࠆߣ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߩലᨐࠍ✭๺ߢ߈ࠆߣߩ⺑߇޽ࠆ 4)‫ޕ‬
5.2 ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩ㒰෰ ห૏૕ಽ㔌ߦណ↪ߒߚㆫ⒖ߩ๟ᵄᢙ߇‫ߩઁޔ‬ㆫ⒖ߩ๟ᵄᢙߦ㕖Ᏹߦㄭ޿ᤨ‫ࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬ේሶߪ⇣ߥߞߚബ⿠⁁ᘒ߇ᷙߓࠅวߞߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ಽ㔌₸ࠍਅߍࠆේ࿃ߣߥ
ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯᕈࠍ⦟ߊߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ᯏ᭴ߢὑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߚㆫ
⒖ߪ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩ 62S1/2ψ72D5/2,72D3/2 ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ㆫ⒖ᵄ㐳ߪߘࠇߙࠇ 767.2nm,767.82nm
ߢᭂ߼ߡធㄭߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޕ‬ᵄ㐳▸࿐߇ߎࠇࠄߩㆫ⒖ᵄ㐳ߩᏅࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈޿ߣ෺ᣇ
ߩㆫ⒖߇⿠ߎࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬ബ⿠⁁ᘒࠍ⴫ߔᵄേ㑐ᢙߩᐓᷤലᨐࠍ೑↪ߒߡ‫৻߆ࠄߜߤޔ‬ᣇࠍᶖ෰ߔࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᣇᴺߢߪ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬⒟ᐲᤨ㑆ࠍⷐߒ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯᕈ߽ 6⒟ᐲߦߒ߆ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔߢߎߘޕ‬ᵄ㐳ߣᒝᐲࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯᲧߩࠦࡦ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ࠍ 1600 એ਄‫ޔ‬ᚲⷐᤨ㑆ߪ 400fs એਅߦߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ 6),7)‫ޕ‬
5.3 Doppler ലᨐ‫ޟ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪᄢᛶߩర⚛ߦኻߒߡ Doppler ᏷ࠃࠅ߽ᢙ୚ᄢ߈޿߇‫࡝ࠞ࡞ࠕޔ‬㊄ዻ‫ࠕޔ‬࡞ࠞ࡝࿯㘃㊄ዻߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪ Doppler ᏷ࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ޿‫ߣޠ‬ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 4)‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬࡞ࡆࠫ࠙ࡓ‫࡝ࠞ࡞ࠕߥ߁ࠃߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬㊄ዻߦኻߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬Doppler ലᨐߩᖡᓇ㗀ߩ⹏ଔ߇ᔅ
ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ⶄޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᢙߩๆ෼✢߇ Doppler ലᨐߦࠃࠆ✢᏷ߩ᜛߇ࠅߩߚ߼ߦ㊀ߥࠅว޿‫޽ޔ‬ߚ߆߽৻ᧄߩๆ෼✢ߩࠃ߁ߦ᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ႐วߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ๆ෼✢ߪㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߦ೑↪ߢ߈ߥߊߥࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ๆ෼✢߇ 1 ᧄߢ߽‫✢ޔ‬᏷߇ᐢ޿ߣബ⿠ߩ㓙ߩᗵฃᕈ߇ᖡߊߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬಄ළ೷ࠍ૶߁ߣ Doppler ᏷ࠍ⁜ߊߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬಄ළߦដ߆ࠆࠦࠬ࠻⹏ଔ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽
ࠆ‫౒ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߣห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ේሶࠍࡆ࡯ࡓߣߔࠆߣ Doppler ലᨐࠍ✭๺ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿
߁⺑߽޽ࠆ 4)‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬หߓᝄേᢙߩశሶࠍㅒᣇะ߆ࠄᾖ኿ߔࠆߣ‫ ࠆࠁࠊ޿ޔ‬Doppler free ੑశሶㆫ⒖߇⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇ℂ⺰⊛ߦᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 31)㨪35)‫ޕ‬

㧙26㧙

6.

੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴

 એ਄ߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬135Csߩಽ㔌ߦLISࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆ਄ߢ੹ᓟข⚵߻ߴ߈⺖㗴ࠍߎߎߦ➙߼ߡ߅ߊ‫ޕ‬i)  ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߩ㔚ሶ㈩⟎‫ޔ‬ኼ๮‫ޔ‬ㆫ⒖⏕₸ߩ⹏ଔࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬135Csߩಽ㔌ߦ᦭೑ߥ
ㆫ⒖ߪ૗߆ࠍ․ቯߔࠆ‫ᤨ⃻ޕ‬ὐߢߪ‫⑼ࠕ࠾ࡔ࡞ࠕޔ‬ቇࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࡯‛ℂቇ⎇ⓥᚲߢ‫ޔ‬85Rb
ߣ87Rbࠍಽ㔌ߒߚ㓙ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߚㆫ⒖߇52S1/2ĺ52P3/2ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬႐ว
ߪ62S1/2ψ62P3/2ㆫ⒖߇୥⵬ߦ᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ii)  ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩࠃ߁ߥ⾰㊂ᢙߩᲧセ⊛ᄢ߈޿ర⚛ߦᣈ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬Mass shift2ࠃࠅ߽Field shift߇ᡰ㈩⊛ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᐔဋ⥄ਸ਼ඨᓘߩᏅ⇣ į ¢ r ² 㧔ᦝߦ⚦߆ߊ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬ᩭߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓ⁁ᴫߦ㑐ଥߔࠆᩭ૕Ⓧ෸߮Ǫ2ߩᏅ⇣㧕෸߮ᩭᄖ㔚ሶ߇ᩭߩ૏⟎2ߦ⷗಴ߐࠇࠆ⏕₸ \ (0) ߇㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ‫♖ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ኒߥ⸘▚෸᷹߮ቯ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻߇㕖Ᏹߦዊߐ޿႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭࠍബ⿠⁁ᘒߦߒߡห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔߎߣ߽ේℂ⊛ߦߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬iii)  ㆬᛯᕈߩૐਅࠍ߽ߚࠄߔⷐ࿃ߩ․ቯ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔ෸߮ኻ╷ࠍ⠨߃ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ⷐޕ‬࿃ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒖ⴕ‫ޔ‬Dopplerലᨐ‫ޔ‬ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩሽ࿷߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ࠍࠄࠇߎޕ‬ቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ߩࡓ࠙ࠪ࠮ޔ‬ේሶߩ⫳᳇ࡈ࡞ࠛࡦࠬߥࠄ߮ߦㆬᛯᕈૐਅߩේ࿃ߣ
ߥࠆ੐⽎ߩᢿ㕙Ⓧߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬ㄭធㆫ⒖ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫࡟࡯ࡅࠦޔ‬ࡦ࠻㊂ሶ೙ᓮߦࠃࠆ㒰෰߇᦭ജⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬iv)  ε)ߩ⹏ଔ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ᾖ኿᧦ઙߩᦨㆡൻ㧔⌀ⓨᐲ‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲ㧕ࠍ࿑ࠆ‫ޕ‬൩⺰቟ోᕈߩ⹏ଔ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬v)  ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩห૏૕ߏߣߩᩭࠬࡇࡦ‫ޔ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻෸߮ේሶๆ෼ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞
ߩ࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄ‫⿥ޔ‬ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߦߟ޿ߡ⸃ᨆߒ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ಽ㔌ߦ೑↪ߢ߈ߥ޿߆⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩭࠬࡇࡦ‫ޔ‬ᩭ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߪᩭߩ⁁ᘒߦࠃߞߡᄌൻߔࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᩭࠍബ⿠⁁ᘒߦߒߡ⿥ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔߎߣ߽ේℂ⊛ߦߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬vi)  135Cs߇85Rbߣห᭽ߦㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠෸߮᳓⚛ൻ‛ߣߒߡߩ࿁෼߇น⢻߆ታ⸽ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬135Csߩㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߩ୥⵬ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ62S1/2ψ62P3/2ㆫ⒖ߩห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߪ133CsࠍၮḰߣߒߡ㧙36.4MHzߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩඨዉ૕࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ߪ1MHzᧂḩߩಽ⸃⢻ࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬
Dopplerലᨐ߿ㄭធㆫ⒖ߩᅹኂ߇ߥߌࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ߪචಽน⢻ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߦࠃࠆ⏕⹺ߣᜬ⛯ᤨ㑆ߩ᷹ቯ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬135Csߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߩኼ๮‫ޔ‬᳓⚛ൻ෻ᔕߣߩᤨ㑆Ꮕࠍ⹏ଔߒ‫ޔ‬᳓⚛ൻ෻ᔕߩㅦߐ߇ㆬᛯ⊛ബ⿠ᤨ㑆ߦᲧߴߡචಽㅦ޿ߎߣࠍታ⸽
ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

㧙27㧙

7.

⚿⸒

એ਄ㅀߴߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔ‬ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߪ‫◲ޔ‬ଢߥⵝ⟎ߢ㜞޿ಽ㔌ଥᢙߩᦼᓙߢ
߈ࠆᚻᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߢ߽࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ൻቇᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕࿁෼ᴺߩ․ᕈ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㜞಴ജࠍᔅⷐߣߒߥ
޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ⋡⊛ߩห૏૕ࠍಽ㔌ߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ᦭ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᩭΆᢱࠨࠗࠢ࡞ߦᣈߌ
ࠆࡃ࠶ࠢࠛࡦ࠼ኻ╷ߦᢛวᕈࠍਈ߃ࠆ߽ߩߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ห૏૕ࠪࡈ࠻ߩℂ⺰⊛⸃᣿ߪਇචಽߢ‫ޔ‬ቯ⺑߿᦭ജߥ઒⺑ߪ⷗಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠆࠃߦ࡯ࠩ࡯࡟ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ㆬᛯᕈࠍᅹ
ߍࠆ⃻⽎ߩ⹏ଔ෸߮ߘߩኻ╷߽߹ߛචಽߦߪᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ߩ⊛⋡ޔߦᦝޕ‬ห૏૕ࠍಽ㔌࿁෼ߔࠆߚ߼ߩశ‛ℂ‫ޔ‬శൻቇ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮߽ࠬน⢻ᕈߪ␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ታ⸽ߪ߹ߛὑߐࠇߡ
޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ࠍߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ㅙᰴ⸃᳿ߒ‫✚ޔ‬ว⊛ߦ⚵ߺ┙ߡߡ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߣ
ߒߡ⏕┙ߒߡⴕߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⻢ㄉᧄᦠࠍೀⴕߔࠆߦᒰߚࠅ‫ ޔ‬㧔ᩣ㧕᧲⦼ߩ᪀ሶᓆ᳁߆ࠄ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᛛⴚߦ㑐ߒߡᄙᄢߥᓮᜰ
ዉߣᖱႎឭଏࠍ㗂߈߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

㧙28㧙ઃ㍳1 LLFPߩዻᕈ
1. Se (࠮࡟ࡦ‫ޔ‬Selenium) ࠮࡟ࡦߦߪᐞߟ߆ߩห⚛૕߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㊄ዻ࠮࡟ࡦߦశࠍᒰߡࠆߣ㔚ሶࠍ᡼಴ߔࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬శ㔚ᳰߦ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡦ࡟࠮ޕ‬ൻ᳓⚛ H2Se ෸߮࠮࡟ࡦ㉄ H2SeO4 ߪ⁴Ქߢขᛒ޿ߦߪච
ಽߥᵈᗧࠍⷐߔࠆ‫ ࡦࠝࠗ㉄ࡦ࡟࠮ޕ‬SeO42㧙 ߪᱜႮ෸߮᳓⚛Ⴎࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫㉄ޕ‬ൻ࠮࡟ࡦߦߪ‫ޔ‬SeO2 ߣ SeO3 ߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬SeO, Se2O3, Se3O4 ߽ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬SeO2 ߪ᦭Ქߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࠮࡟ࡦߩൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰ߪ⎫㤛ߦ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ 42),43㧕‫ޕ‬࠮࡟ࡦߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ේሶ⇟ภ㧦34
ේሶ㊂ 44)㧦78.96(3)㉄ൻᢙ 44)㧦㧙2, +4, +6
ኒᐲ 44)㧦㊄ዻ࠮࡟ࡦ 4.79g/cm3㧔20͠㧕‫⚿ޔ‬᥏࠮࡟ࡦ 4.4㧔25͠㧕 ᴣὐ 45)㧦685͠
Ⲣὐ 45)㧦220.2͠
ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢᢙ 45)㧦110㧙5 ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦᣈߌࠆᩭᄖ㔚ሶ㈩⟎3P2 (L=1, S=1, J=2)㧦 (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)4 ቟ቯห૏૕ 44)㧦74Se(0.89㧑),76Se(9.37㧑), 77Se(7.63㧑), 78Se(23.77㧑), 80Se(49.61㧑), 82Se(8.73㧑)LLFP ߢ޽ࠆ 79Se ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
ඨᷫᦼ 44)㧦 more than 6.5104 years
⾰㊂ㆊ೾ 44)㧦㧙75.917MeVᩭࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 44)㧦7/2+
 ፣უဳᑼ 44)㧦Ǫ㧙㧔max0.16MeV, noǫ㧕 ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦㧙1.018(15) nm㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦 +0.8(2) b
⴫ A-1 ࠮࡟ࡦߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸㧔ᾲਛᕈሶ㧕39㧕
㩷㩷

74

76

Se

77

Se

78

Se

79

Se

80

Se

Se

233

U

8.4251E-10

5.1800E-06

2.6151E-02

5.5162E-02

1.5116E-01

2.3938E-01

235

U

8.9185E-12

1.9097E-07

8.4327E-03

2.1823E-02

4.5321E-02

1.3129E-01

239

Pu

1.0921E-10

7.1743E-07

7.3361E-03

2.8532E-02

4.7042E-02

1.1358E-01

241

Pu

6.1030E-13

1.3203E-08

1.9323E-03

9.4652E-03

1.5261E-02

2.9984E-02

82

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

U

5.5112E-01 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

U

3.2724E-01 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

239

Pu

2.0233E-01 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

241

Pu

1.3158E-01 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷㩷
233
235

Se

㧙29㧙

2. Zr (ࠫ࡞ࠦ࠾࠙ࡓ‫ޔ‬Zirconium) ࠫ࡞ࠦ࠾࠙ࡓߪᄢ᳇ਛߢ㉄ൻⵍ⤑ࠍᒻᚑߒ⣣㘩ߦ⠴߃ࠆ‫⊒ߪᧃ☳ޕ‬Ἣߒ߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬ᾲਛᕈሶๆ෼ᢿ㕙Ⓧ߇㊄ዻਛᦨዊߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ේሶἹ᧚ᢱߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫ࠍࡓ࠙࠾ࡈࡂޔ‬ቢోߦಽ㔌ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ 42),43)‫ޕ‬ࠫ࡞ࠦ࠾࠙ࡓߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ේሶ⇟ภ㧦40
 ේሶ㊂ 44)㧦 91.224(2) ㉄ൻᢙ 44)㧦 +2, +3, +4 ኒᐲ 44)㧦 6.506 g/cm3㧔20͠㧕  ᴣὐ 45)㧦 ҈2900͠
 Ⲣὐ 45)㧦 1857͠ ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢᢙ 45)㧦0.02ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩ㈩⟎3F2㧔L=3, S=㧙1, J=2㧕㧦(1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)2(5s)2቟ቯห૏૕ 44)㧦90Zr(51.45㧑), 91Zr(11.22㧑), 92Zr(17.15㧑), 94Zr(17.38㧑), 96Zr(2.80㧑)LLFP ߢ޽ࠆ 93Zr ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ඨᷫᦼ 44)㧦 more than 1.53106 years ⾰㊂ㆊ೾ 44)㧦 㧙87.117MeV ᩭࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 44)㧦5/2+
  ፣უဳᑼ 44)㧦Ǫ㧙㧔max0.06MeV㧪95㧑㧕⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻෸߮㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬
⴫ A-2 ࠫ࡞ࠦ࠾࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸㧔ᾲਛᕈሶ㧕39㧕
90

㩷㩷

Zr

91

Zr

92

Zr

93

Zr

94

Zr

96

Zr

233

U

6.8925E+00

6.5340E+00

6.5924E+00

7.0151E+00

6.8160E+00

5.6500E+00

235

U

5.9045E+00

5.9187E+00

5.9738E+00

6.3902E+00

6.4395E+00

6.2641E+00

239

Pu

2.1012E+00

2.5021E+00

3.0069E+00

3.8963E+00

4.4298E+00

5.0665E+00

241

Pu

1.5713E+00

1.8866E+00

2.3660E+00

3.0940E+00

3.5417E+00

4.5935E+00

㧙30㧙

3. Tc (࠹ࠢࡀ࠴࠙ࡓ‫ޔ‬Technetium) ࠹ࠢࡀ࠴࠙ࡓߩ቟ቯห૏૕ߪ⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᩭಽⵚ෼₸ߪ⚂ 6.2㧑ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬99Tc ߪ࠙࡜ࡦߩ⥄⊒ᩭಽⵚߦࠃߞߡᄤὼߦ߽ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰ߪ࡟࠾࠙ࡓߦ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒙ޿Ᏹ⏛ᕈࠍ␜ߔ 43), 45)‫ޕ‬ ࠹ࠢࡀ࠴࠙ࡓߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ේሶ⇟ภ㧦43
 ේሶ㊂ 44)㧦 98
  ቟ቯห૏૕ߩሽ࿷ߪ⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ㉄ൻᢙ 44)㧦+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
 ኒᐲ 44)㧦11.5 g/cm3㧔20͠㧕̪⸘▚୯  ᴣὐ 44㧕㧦4877͠
 Ⲣὐ 45)㧦2140r20͠  ᩭಽⵚ෼₸ 45)㧦⚂ 6.2㧑 ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦᣈߌࠆᩭᄖ㔚ሶ㈩⟎㧦6
S5/2 (L=0, S=5/2, J=5/2): (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)5(5s)2቟ቯห૏૕㧦ߎࠇ߹ߢߩߣߎࠈ‫ޕ޿ߥ޿ߡࠇߐ⹺⏕ޔ‬
 LLFP ߢ޽ࠆ 99Tc ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
ඨᷫᦼ 44)㧦 2.13105 years ⾰㊂ㆊ೾ 44)㧦㧙87.323MeV
 ᩭࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 44)㧦 9/2+
  ፣უဳᑼ 44)㧦Ǫ㧙㧔max0.29MeV,ǫ0.0897MeV㧕  ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦+5.6847(4) nm 㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߢ᷹ቯ㧕+4.48(15) or 3.6(9) or +4.4(9)nm㧔ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯141keV‫ ࠖ࠹࡝ࡄ࡮ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬7/2+‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ 0.205ns ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߢ᷹ቯ)3.48(4) or +3.62(5) or +3.29(6)nm㧔ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯181keV‫ ࠖ࠹࡝ࡄ࡮ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬5/2+ ‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ 3.44ns ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒߢ᷹ቯ㧕㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦
㧙0.129(6) b 㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߢ᷹ቯ㧕

⴫ A-3 ࠹ࠢࡀ࠴࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸㧔ᾲਛᕈሶ㧕39㧕
99

㩷㩷

Tc

233

U

4.8663E+00

235

U

6.1105E+00

239

Pu

6.1403E+00

241

Pu

6.2334E+00

㧙31㧙

4. Pd㧔ࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ޔ‬Palladium㧕 ࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓߦߪ᳓⚛ๆ෼ᕈ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ๆ෼᳓⚛ߩ૕Ⓧߪࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓߩ 350㨪850 ୚ߦ㆐ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬᳓⚛ࠍๆ෼ߒߚࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ᭂ߼ߡㆶరᕈߩᒝ޿᳓⚛ࠍ᡼಴ߔࠆ‫₺ޕ‬᳓ߦኈᤃߦṁߌ‫ޔ‬Ꮧ⎫㉄ߦߪࠁߞߊࠅߣṁߌࠆ‫ࡓ࠙ࠫ࡜ࡄޕ‬ว㊄ߪ⸅ᇦ‫ޔ‬ᱤ⑼ක≮‫ⵝޔ‬㘼ຠߥߤߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ42),43)‫ޕ‬ ࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ේሶ⇟ภ㧦46
 ේሶ㊂ 44)㧦106.42(1) ㉄ൻᢙ 44)㧦+2, +3, +4 ኒᐲ 44)㧦12.02 g/cm3㧔20͠㧕  ᴣὐ 45)㧦2200
 Ⲣὐ 45)㧦 1555
 ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢᢙ 45)㧦110㧙6  ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦᣈߌࠆᩭᄖ㔚ሶ㈩⟎1S0 (L=0, S=0, J=0): (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)10቟ቯห૏૕ 44)㧦102Pd(1.02㧑 ⹜ᢱߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆ), 104Pd(11.14㧑), 105Pd(22.33㧑),106
Pd(27.33㧑), 108Pd(26.46㧑), 110Pd(11.72㧑) LLFP ߢ޽ࠆ 107Pd ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ඨᷫᦼ 44)㧦6.5106 years ⾰㊂ㆊ೾ 44)㧦㧙88.373MeV ᩭࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 44)㧦5/2+
  ፣უဳᑼ 44)㧦Ǫ㧙㧔max0.04MeV, noǫ㧕⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻෸߮㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬⴫ A-4 ࡄ࡜ࠫ࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸㧔ᾲਛᕈሶ㧕39㧕
102

㩷㩷

104

Pd

105

Pd

106

Pd

107

Pd

108

Pd

Pd

233

U

6.8755E-11

5.3066E-07

4.8220E-01

2.5881E-01

1.1734E-01

6.3107E-02

235

U

1.6252E-08

7.3690E-08

9.6384E-01

4.0232E-01

1.4028E-01

6.3938E-02

239

Pu

9.5821E-11

1.8333E-06

5.3514E+00

4.2856E+00

3.3610E+00

2.1685E+00

241

Pu

8.3183E-13

5.1010E-08

6.1074E+00

6.2505E+00

5.2011E+00

3.9253E+00

110

㩷㩷

Pd

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

233

U

2.6150E-02 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

235

U

3.0432E-02 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

239

Pu

5.9972E-01 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

241

Pu

1.1777E+00 㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㩷

㧙32㧙

5. Sn㧔ࠬ࠭‫ޔ‬Tin㧕ࠬ࠭ߪਔᕈర⚛ߢ‫ޔ‬ᒝࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ߣ߽ᒝ㉄ߣ߽෻ᔕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ǩ㧔Ἧ⦡㧕‫ޔ‬Ǫ㧔⊕⦡㧕‫ޔ‬ǫ㧔⊕⦡㧕ߩ 3 ㅢࠅߩ⁁ᘒ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ߪߣࠠ࡝ࡉޕ‬㋕᧼ࠍࠬ࠭ߢࡔ࠶ࠠߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ▗࠭ࠬޕ‬ࡂࡦ࠳㧔ࠬ࠭ߣ㋦ߩว㊄㧕╬ߩ↪ㅜ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬቟ቯห૏૕߇ᄙ޿ߩߢ‫ߩ࠼࡞࡯ࠦޔ‬ห૏૕ಽ㔌⹜㛎ߦߪㇺว߇⦟޿ 45)‫ޕ‬ ࠬ࠭ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ේሶ⇟ภ㧦 50
 ේሶ㊂ 44)㧦118.710(7) ㉄ൻᢙ 44)㧦+2, +4
 ኒᐲ 44)㧦 ǩTin 5.75 g/cm3㧔20͠㧕, ǪTin 7.31 g/cm3㧔20͠㧕  ᴣὐ 45)㧦 2275͠ Ⲣὐ 45)㧦 231.84͠
 ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦᣈߌࠆᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩ㈩⟎3P0 (L=1, S=㧙1, J=0):(1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)10(5s)2(5p)2቟ቯห૏૕ 44)㧦112Sn(0.97㧑), 114Sn(0.66㧑), 115Sn(0.34㧑), 116Sn(14.54㧑), 117Sn(7.68㧑),
118
Sn(24.22㧑), 119Sn(8.59㧑), 120Sn(32.58㧑), 122Sn(4.63㧑), 124Sn(5.79㧑)LLFP ߢ޽ࠆ 126Sn ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ඨᷫᦼ 44)㧦⚂ 1105 years ⾰㊂ㆊ೾ 44)㧦㧙86.020MeV ࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 44)㧦0+፣უဳᑼ 44)㧦Ǫ㧙㧔max0.25MeV;almost100㧑,ǫ0.0886MeV;37㧑and others㧕⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻‫ޔ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬
⴫ A-5 ࠬ࠭ߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸㧔ᾲਛᕈሶ㧕39㧕
㩷㩷

112

Sn

114

Sn

115

Sn

116

Sn

117

118

Sn

Sn

233

U

no data

2.4242E-09

1.2210E-02

8.2589E-07

1.1404E-03

1.2239E-02

235

U

no data

1.1200E-10

1.1142E-02

7.3991E-08

1.0834E-02

1.0935E-02

239

Pu

no data

9.6655E-09

3.6893E-02

2.5414E-06

5.6314E-02

3.6417E-02

241

Pu

no data

1.3496E-10

4.3624E-02

3.9013E-08

2.5349E-02

2.3826E-02

㩷㩷

119

Sn

120

Sn

122

Sn

124

Sn

126

Sn

㩷

233

U

1.2585E-05

1.3845E-02

1.4750E-02

2.4321E-02

2.4011E-01 㩷

235

U

1.2161E-02

1.2105E-02

1.5299E-02

2.5913E-02

5.4932E-02 㩷

239

Pu

3.9076E-02

3.6576E-02

5.0176E-02

8.7732E-02

2.6570E-01 㩷

241

Pu

2.3827E-02

2.3953E-02

2.3487E-02

2.9149E-02

7.5549E-02 㩷

㧙33㧙

6. I㧔࡛࠙⚛‫ޔ‬Iodine㧕⃻࿷⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࡛࠙⚛ߩ቟ቯห૏૕ߪ 127I ߩߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡦࠥࡠࡂߪ⚛࡛࠙ޕ‬ర⚛ߩ৻ߟߢ ‫ޔ‬Ᏹ᷷ߢᥧ⚡⦡ߩ㊄ዻశᴛࠍᜬߟ⚿᥏ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ើ⊒ᕈ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬Ᏹ᷷ߢ᣹⪇ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬᳇૕
ߪ 2 ේሶಽሶߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰ߪႮ⚛‫ߦ⚛⥇ޔ‬㘃ૃߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬෻ᔕᕈߪᒙ޿‫㉄ߪ⚛࡛࠙ޕ‬ൻㆶరṢቯߩ⹜⮎ߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߢ‫ߡߒߣ଀ޔ‬᳓ਛߩ㉄⚛෸߮㋶⍹ਛߩ⎆⚛ߩቯ㊂ಽᨆ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇ
ࠆ‫⁁↲ޔߚ߹ޕ‬⣼ߦ࠴ࡠࠠࠪࡦߣߒߡሽ࿷ߒ‫↢ޔ‬૕ߦߣߞߡ߽ᰳߊߎߣߩߢ߈ߥ޿㊀ⷐߥర⚛ߢ޽ࠆ 45)‫ޕ‬࡛࠙⚛ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ේሶ⇟ภ㧦53
 ේሶ㊂ 44)㧦126.90447(3) ㉄ൻᢙ 44)㧦㧙1, +1, +3, +5, +7
ኒᐲ 44)㧦4.93 g/cm3㧔20͠㧕  ᴣὐ 45)㧦184.5͠
 Ⲣὐ 45)㧦113.7͠
 ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢᢙ 45)㧦 310㧙5  ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦᣈߌࠆᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩ㈩⟎2P3/2 (L=1, S=1/2, J=3/2): (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)10(5s)2(5p)5቟ቯห૏૕ 38)㧦127I(100㧑) LLFP ߢ޽ࠆ 129I ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ඨᷫᦼ 44)㧦1.57107years ⾰㊂ㆊ೾ 44)㧦㧙88.504MeV ࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 44)㧦 7/2+
  ፣უဳᑼ 44)㧦Ǫ㧙㧔max0.15MeV,ǫ0.0376MeV;7.5㧑㧕
  ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦 +2.6210(3) nm㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕
+2.805(3) nm㧔ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯28 keV‫ ࠖ࠹࡝ࡄ࡮ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬5/2+‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ 16.8ns ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧕 㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦㧙0.482(10) b 㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕
㧙0.42(2)b or 㧙0.598(13)b㧔ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯28 keV‫࡮ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 5/2+‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ 16.8ns ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧕
⴫ A-6 ࡛࠙⚛ߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸㧔ᾲਛᕈሶ㧕39㧕
㩷㩷

127

I

129

I

233

U

5.6175E-01

1.5071E+00

235

U

1.2466E-01

7.1785E-01

239

Pu

4.8955E-01

1.3934E+00

241

Pu

2.2853E-01

7.3582E-02

㧙34㧙

7. Cs㧔Cesium㧕࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߪࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝㊄ዻߩ৻ߟߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ቟ቯห૏૕ߪ 133Cs ߩߺߢ޽ࠆߚ
߼‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ಽ㔌⹜㛎߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊄ዻ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߪ‫ޔ‬ⓨ᳇ਛߢߪㅦ߿߆ߦ㉄ൻߒ‫ޔ‬᳓ߣߪỗߒߊ෻ᔕߒߡ᳓⚛ࠍ⊒↢ߒߥ߇ࠄ᳓㉄ൻ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߣߥࠆ‫࡝ࠞ࡞ࠕߩઁޕ‬㊄ዻߣห᭽ߦ⥄ὼ⇇ߦᐢߊሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮏቇ⊛↪ㅜߣߒߡߪశ㔚▤ߩ⵾ㅧ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ 45㧕‫ޕ‬࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ේሶ⇟ภ㧦55
ේሶ㊂ 44)㧦 132.90545(2)㉄ൻᢙ 44)㧦 +1
  ኒᐲ 44)㧦1.873 g/cm3㧔20͠㧕 ᴣὐ 45)㧦 760͠Ⲣὐ 45)㧦28.5͠
ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢᢙ 45)㧦710㧙4 ၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦᣈߌࠆᩭᄖ㔚ሶߩ㈩⟎ 2S1/2 (L=0, S=1/2, J=1/2): (1s)2(2s)2(2p)6(3s)2(3p)6(3d)10(4s)2(4p)6(4d)10(5s)2(5p)6(6s)1 ቟ቯห૏૕ 44)㧦133Cs(100㧑) LLFP ߢ޽ࠆ 135Cs ߩዻᕈࠍਅ⸥ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ ඨᷫᦼ 44)㧦 3.0106years ⾰㊂ㆊ೾ 44)㧦 㧙87.587MeV ࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࡄ࡝࠹ࠖ 44)㧦 7/2+
  ፣უဳᑼ 44)㧦Ǫ㧙㧔max0.21MeV, noǫ㧕  ⏛᳇෺ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦 +2.7324(2) nm or +2.73(1) nm㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕
+2.18(1)nm㧔ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯1633 keV‫ ࠖ࠹࡝ࡄ࡮ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬19/2㧙‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ 53m ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧕㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂሶࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ 29)㧦+0.050(2) b or +0.03(2)b㧔ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ㧕
+0.89(7) b㧔ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯1633 keV‫ ࠖ࠹࡝ࡄ࡮ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬19/2㧙‫ޔ‬ඨᷫᦼ 53m ߩബ⿠⁁ᘒ㧕
⴫ A-7 ࠮ࠪ࠙ࡓߩᩭಽⵚ෼₸㧔ᾲਛᕈሶ㧕39㧕
133

㩷㩷

 ̪

Cs

135

Cs

137

Cs

233

U

6.0224E+00

6.2140E+00

6.8194E+00

235

U

6.7019E+00

6.5337E+00

6.2685E+00

239

Pu

6.9756E+00

7.6151E+00

6.7274E+00

241

Pu

6.7696E+00

7.2865E+00

6.9346E+00

137

Cs ߪਛඨᷫᦼᩭ⒳㧔30.0㨥㧕ߥߩߢಽ㔌ߒߥߊߡ߽ࠃ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁⺑߽޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌࿕ൻߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬᡼኿✢Ḯ‫ޔ‬ᾲ㔚⊒㔚╬ߩ↪ㅜ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߚ߼‫ߒ⸥ߦߎߎޔ‬
ߚ‫ޕ‬

㧙35㧙

ઃ㍳2 ฦ⒳ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺ
ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߪᄢ೎ߒߡ‫‛ޔ‬ℂ⊛ᣇᴺߣൻቇ⊛ᣇᴺ߇޽ࠆ‫‛ޕ‬ℂ⊛ᣇᴺߪห૏૕ߦᣈߌ
ࠆᴣὐ‫Ⲣޔ‬ὐ‫⫳ޔ‬᳇࿶‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦᧄᦠߢข਄ߍߚశߩๆ෼࡮᡼಴ߥߤߩ௖߆ߥᏅࠍ೑↪ߒߡಽ
㔌ߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ൻቇ⊛ᣇᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩಽሶ㑆ߦᣈ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㊀޿ห૏૕ర⚛ߪ㔚᳇㒶ᕈᐲߩᄢ߈ߥේሶ߇ಽሶౝߦ޽ࠆ‫⚿ޔ‬วಽሶᢙ߇ᄙ޿ߥߤಽሶജ߇቟ቯߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߥߤࠍ೑↪ߒߡಽ㔌ߔࠆᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1. ࠟࠬ᜛ᢔᴺ38),41),46),47)╙ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢਛ‫ޔ‬㆙ᔃಽ㔌ᴺߦవ㚟ߌߡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚᣇᴺߢ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂ߩ⇣ߥࠆේሶ߹ߚߪಽሶߩᷙว᳇૕ࠍ㓒⤑ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆᄙሹ⾰⤑ࠍㅢㆊߐߖࠆᤨ‫ޔ‬シᚑಽߩᣇ߇ㅦᐲ߇
ᄢ߈޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬㊀ᚑಽࠃࠅ߽ㅘㆊߒ߿ߔ޿ᕈ⾰ࠍ೑↪ߒߡಽ㔌ߔࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡦ࡜࠙ޕ‬Ớ❗ߩ႐ว‫⚦ޔ‬ሹ㧔80㨪100Έ㧕ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ㓒⤑ࠍ૶޿‫⚦ޔ‬ሹࠍㅢߔߎߣߦࠃߞߡỚ❗ᐲࠍ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ේᢱߣߒߡߪ౐ࡈ࠶ൻ࠙࡜ࡦࠍ૶↪ߒߡ‫ޔ‬㓒⤑ߩ೨ᓟߩ࿶ജᏅߢㅘㆊߐߖ‫ޔ‬ㅘㆊߔࠆࠟࠬߣㅘㆊߒߥ޿ࠟࠬߣߦಽߌ‫ޔ‬ㅘㆊߔࠆࠟࠬߪ௖߆ߦ 235U ߩഀว߇㜞ߊߥࠆ‫⚦ޕ‬ሹᓘߪ᳇૕ߩᐔဋ⥄↱Ꮏ⒟ߣห⒟ᐲߣߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ‫⚦ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ሹࠍ᦭ߔࠆ㓒⤑ࠍ૞ࠆߦߪ㜞ᐲߥࡁ࠙ࡂ࠙ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬1 ࿁ߩᠲ૞ߢᓧࠄࠇࠆಽ㔌ଥᢙߪ㜞‫ޘ‬1.0043 ߦㆊ߉ߕ‫ޔ‬ේሶἹ↪ߩ 3㧑Ớ❗࠙࡜ࡦࠍ૞ࠆ႐วߢ߽⚂ 1200 Ბߩࠞࠬࠤ࡯࠼߇ᔅⷐߥ߶߆‫ޔ‬࿶❗‫⤘ޔ‬ᒛࠍ➅㄰ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ല₸ߩ⦟޿ࡐࡦࡊ‫ޔ‬࿶❗‫⤘ޔ‬ᒛߩ㓙ߦ⊒↢ߔࠆᾲࠍ㒰෰ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ಄ළ⸳
஻߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᶖ⾌㔚ജ߇㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߊ‫⸳ޔ‬஻ߩఘළ⾌ࠃࠅㆇォߦࠃࠆ㔚᳇ઍ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠅ‫ޔ‬Ớ❗ࠦࠬ࠻ߩᄢㇱಽࠍභ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2. ㆙ᔃಽ㔌ᴺ38),46,),47)
࠙࡜ࡦỚ❗ߩߚ߼ߦ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚ㆙ᔃಽ㔌ᯏ߇ᦨ߽ࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎫ߦઁޕ‬㤛߿ࠠ࠮ࡁࡦߩห૏૕ಽ㔌ߦ߽↪޿ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ಽ㔌ᴺߪห૏૕ర⚛ߩ⾰㊂Ꮕߦߩߺଐሽߒ‫ޔ‬㊀޿ห૏૕߇ಽ㔌ᯏߩᄖ஥‫ޔ‬シ޿ห૏૕߇ಽ㔌ᯏߩਛᔃߦỚ❗ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ࡦ࡜࠙ޕ‬Ớ❗ߦᣈ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᳇ൻߒߚ౐ࡈ࠶ൻ࠙࡜ࡦࠍ㆙ᔃಽ㔌ⵝ⟎ౝߢ㜞ㅦ࿁ォߐߖ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂ߩᄢ߈޿238
Uࠍო஥ߦ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂ߩዊߐ޿235Uࠍゲ஥ߦ㓸߼ࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ゲ஥಴ญࠃࠅỚ❗ᵹࠍᓧࠆ‫ޕ‬㆙ᔃಽ㔌ᴺߪࠟࠬ᜛ᢔᴺߣᲧセߒߡಽ㔌ଥᢙ߇㜞޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬෻ᓳ࿁ᢙߪ30ಽߩ1એਅ‫࠼࡯ࠤࠬࠞޔ‬ߩᲑᢙߪᢙ⊖ಽߩ৻ߢࠃߊ‫ޔ‬Ớ❗ߦⷐߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪ10ಽߩ1એਅߢ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇
ૐߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬಄ළ᳓ࠍᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿ߣ޿߁೑ὐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
3. ⫳⇐ᴺ4),5),36),37),38)ห૏૕ߦࠃߞߡಽሶߩ㘻๺⫳᳇࿶߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ೑↪ߒߡ‫⇐⫳ޔ‬Ⴁߦࠃࠅಽ㔌ߔࠆᣇᴺߢ‫ޔ‬ේℂ߇◲නߢᾲല₸߇⦟޿ߣ޿߁․ᓽࠍᜬߟ‫ޕ‬ਛߢ߽ᶧ૕᳓⚛ߩ㘻๺⫳᳇࿶ߪᶧ૕㊀᳓⚛ߩ㘻๺⫳᳇࿶ࠃࠅߪࠆ߆ߦᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷ߦᣈ޿ߡߘߩᏅ߇⪺ߒ޿‫ޕ‬1931 ᐕߦ Urey ࠄ߇ૐ᷷ਅߢᶧ૕᳓⚛ࠍ⫳⇐ᴺߢಽ㔌‫ޔ‬㊀᳓⚛ࠍỚ❗ߒߚ⎇ⓥ߇᦭ฬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ૐ᷷ߢಽ㔌ߔࠆᣇ
ᴺࠍ․ߦᷓ಄⫳⇐ᴺߣ๭߱‫ޕ‬Raoultߩᴺೣߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬Ꮧ⭯ṁᶧߦᣈ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᶧ⋧ߣ᳇⋧߇ᐔⴧ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆᤨ‫ޔ‬᳇⋧ߦᣈߌࠆṁ⾰ߩಽ࿶ p1 ߪ‫ޔ‬ṁ⾰߇න⁛ߩᶧ૕ߣߒߡሽ࿷ߔࠆᤨߩ㘻๺0⫳᳇࿶ p1 ߣ‫ޔ‬ṁᶧਛߦሽ࿷ߔࠆᤨߩࡕ࡞ಽ₸ X ߩⓍߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ47)‫ޕ‬

p1

p10 X
0

৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ṁᇦߩ㘻๺⫳᳇࿶ p 2 ߣṁᶧߩ㘻๺⫳᳇࿶ p ߩ㑆ߦߪᰴߩ㑐ଥ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬Ꮧ⭯ṁᶧߩ⫳᳇࿶㒠ਅߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ45)‫ޕ‬

p 20  p
p 20

Xߎߎߢ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ᶧ૕‛⾰ߦ2⒳㘃ߩห૏૕1,2߇ᷙ࿷ߒ‫ޔ‬ᶧ⋧ߣ᳇⋧ߢᐔⴧ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆᤨ‫࡞ࡕޔ‬ಽ₸ߩዋߥ޿‛⾰ࠍṁ⾰‫࡞ࡕޔ‬ಽ₸ߩᄙ޿‛⾰ࠍṁᇦߣߺߥߖ߫‫ޔ‬᳇⋧ਛߩṁ⾰ߩṁᇦߦኻߔࠆഀวߔߥࠊߜ Y /(1  Y ) ߇‫ޔ‬ᶧ⋧ਛߩߘࠇ X /(1  X ) ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߌࠇ߫ಽ㔌ߢ߈ߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ಽ࿶ߩᴺೣ߆ࠄ
㧙36㧙

p

p1  p 2

᳇⋧ߦᣈߌࠆṁ⾰ߩࡕ࡞ಽ₸ࠍ Y ߣ⟎ߊߣ‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ಽ࿶ߩᴺೣ߆ࠄ
p1 pY , p 2 p (1  Y )00ߎࠇࠄߩᑼ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ṁ⾰ߣṁᇦ߇੕޿ߦ⁛┙ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆᤨߩ㘻๺⫳᳇࿶ p1 ߣ p 2 ߩᲧࠍ᳞߼
ࠆߣᰴߩ᭽ߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬

p10
p 20

Y
X/ (1  X )ಽ㔌ଥᢙߩᑼߣߪ৻⥌ߒߥ޿߇‫ ޔ‬Y /(1  Y ) ߪ Y ߦኻߒߡන⺞Ⴧടߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ฝㄝߪ⏕߆00

ߦ p1 /p 2 ߇ᄢ߈޿⒟‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ଥᢙ߇㜞ߊߥࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬シర⚛ߪ⫳᳇࿶Ყ߇ᄢ߈
޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬᳓⚛ᗧᄖߦ߽‫ޔ‬὇⚛‫ߩߤߥ⚛㉄ޔ⚛⓸ޔ‬ห૏૕ಽ㔌ߢ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬໡ᬺ⊛ߦ᦭ฬߥߩ߇ ࡔ࠲ࡦߩᷓ಄⫳⇐ߢ 13C ߩಽ㔌ߦో㐳 100m ߽ߩࠞ࡜ࡓࠍ↪޿ߡⴕ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ℂ⺰Ბᢙߪ 1000 Ბએ਄ߦ߽ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᷓ಄⫳⇐ᴺߩਇ೑ߥὐߪ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷ߢⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߚ߼ࠦ
ࠬ࠻߇㜞ߊߥࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㜞᷷㗔ၞߦᣈߌࠆ⫳⇐ᴺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ଥᢙ߇ዊߐߊߥࠆߚ
߼⸳஻߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᾲㆶᵹߦࠦࠬ࠻߇߆߆ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㊄ዻߪᴣὐ߇㜞ߊ᳇ൻߒ㔍޿ߎߣ߿᳇૕ൻว‛ࠍᒻᚑߒߥ޿੐߆ࠄ㊄ዻห૏૕ర⚛ߩಽ㔌ߦߪᔕ↪ߢ߈ߥ޿ߥߤߩਇ೑ߥὐ߇
޽ࠆ‫⴫ޕ‬B-1ߦ‫ޔ‬ਥߥシర⚛ߩห૏૕ಽሶߩ⫳᳇࿶Ყࠍ␜ߔ‫ޔߣࠆ⷗ࠍࠇߎޕ‬NOߪ೎ߩൻቇ
ᒻᘒߩಽሶߦኻߒߡᲧセ⊛⫳᳇࿶Ყ߇㜞޿‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬NO߇ᶧ૕ߦߥࠆߣ2ಽሶળวߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᶧ⋧ߣ᳇⋧ߩ㑆ߢห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕ߇ⴕߥࠊࠇ‫⫳ޔ‬᳇࿶Ꮕߣⶄวߔࠆߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥㆊ⒟ߪ㍲૕ߩ⸃㔌ߦᣈ޿ߡ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫B-1 ห૏૕ಽሶߩ⫳᳇࿶Ყ5)
ห૏૕ಽሶ
3

4

He/ He36

Ar/40Ar
H2/HD
H2/D2
14
N2/14N15N
16
O2/16O18O
12 16 13 16
C O/ C O
12 16 13 18
C O/ C O
14
NH3/15NH3
14 16 15 16
N O/ N O
14 16 14 18
N O/ N O
H216O/H218O
H216O/D216O

00⫳᳇࿶Ყ㧔 p1 /p 2 㧕
70.37
3.402
1.00601.079
3.07
1.00401.0052
1.00701.00591.002
1.032
1.04651.0088
1.154

᷷ᐲ㧔K㧕
1.0
3.0
87.4
20.0
20.0
77.0
90.0
81.1
77.0
240.0
109.5
109.6
293.1
293.1

4. 㔚⏛ಽ㔌ᴺ4),5),36),37),38)㔚⏛ಽ㔌ᴺߪࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩࡑࡦࡂ࠶࠲ࡦ⸘↹ߢ⚐☴ߥ235U ࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߚᣇᴺߢ
޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᴺߩේℂߪ⾰㊂ಽᨆེߣหߓߢ‫ޔ‬᳇ൻߐߖߚ‛⾰ࠍࠗࠝࡦൻߒߡ⏛႐ࠍㅢㆊߐ
ߖ‫⾰ޔ‬㊂ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆ㘧〔ߩ⋧㆑ࠍ೑↪ߒߡಽ㔌ߔࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞⌀ⓨࠍᔅⷐߣߔ
ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᄢ㊂ಽ㔌ߦߪㆡߐߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩర⚛ߦㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁೑ὐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩭ෻ᔕߩ⎇ⓥߦᣈ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ߩ೽෻ᔕࠍ㒰ߊߚ߼ߩ⹜ᢱߩ♖⵾ߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬Ꮒᄢߥ㔚⏛ಽ㔌ᯏߪࠞ࡞࠻ࡠࡦߣ๭߫ࠇ‫╙ޔ‬ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢᓟࠝ࡯ࠢ࡝࠶ࠫ࿖┙⎇ⓥᚲߦ߅޿ߡ㊄ዻర⚛ߩ቟ቯห૏૕ࠍࠣ࡜ࡓ㊂ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇⚐ᐲ99.9㧑߽ߒߊߪߘࠇએ਄ߢ⵾ㅧߔࠆߩߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬

㧙37㧙

5. ห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕᴺ4),5)
ర⚛Aߣߘߩห૏૕A'ࠍ2⒳㘃ߩൻว‛AXߣA'Yߦߒߡਔ⠪ࠍធ⸅ߐߖࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ൻว‛㑆ߢห૏૕ߩ੤឵෻ᔕ߇⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬  AX+ A'Y   A'X+ AYൻว‛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕ߩ⾰㊂Ꮕߦ⿠࿃ߒߚ⚿วࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ⋧㆑߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬੤឵෻ᔕᓟ‫ޔ‬ᐔⴧߦ㆐ߒߚᤨ‫ޔ‬Aߣߘߩห૏૕A'ߪߤߜࠄ߆ߩൻว‛ߦ௖߆ߦ஍࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬឵⸒ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᐔⴧቯᢙ߇1ߦߥࠄߥ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬੤឵෻ᔕࠍᄙᲑߦ⚵วߖߡⴕߥ߁ಽ㔌ᴺࠍห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕᴺߣ
޿߁㧔ᢥ₂ߦࠃߞߡߪߎࠇࠍ‫ޟ‬ൻቇ੤឵ᴺ‫ߣޠ‬๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޕ‬Ureyߪߎߩේℂߦၮߠ޿ߡᄙ
15Ბࠞࠬࠤ࡯࠼ࠍ⚵ߺ‫ ޔ‬Nࠍಽ㔌ߒߚ‫ޕ‬   15NH3㧔᳇㧕+14NH4+㧔ᶧ㧕  14NH3㧔᳇㧕+15NH4+㧔ᶧ㧕   㧔᷷ᐲ298.1Kߢ‫ޔ‬ᐔⴧቯᢙ1.034㧕᳓⚛ߣ㊀᳓⚛ߣߩ㑆ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ᭽ߥ੤឵෻ᔕ߇⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬   H2O㧔ᶧ㧕+HDS㧔᳇㧕   HDO㧔ᶧ㧕+H2S㧔᳇㧕ߎߩ੤឵෻ᔕߪ㊀᳓ߩ⵾ㅧߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ㧔ੑ㊀᷷ᐲ੤឵ᴺ㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬10Bߣ11Bߩ㑆ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᶧ⋧ߣ᳇⋧ߩ㑆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᰴߩ᭽ߥ੤឵෻ᔕ߇⿠ߎࠅ‫ޔ‬10BߩᎿᬺ⊛Ớ❗ߦᔕ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬   11BF3㨯SO2㧔ᶧ㧕+10BF3㧔᳇㧕   10BF3㨯SO2㧔ᶧ㧕+11BF3㧔᳇㧕ߥ߅‫ޔ‬ൻว‛ߩಽᨆߦห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ห૏૕Ꮧ㉼ಽᨆߣ޿߁‫⴫ޕ‬
B-2ߦਥߥห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕߩᐔⴧቯᢙࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
⴫B-2 ਥߥห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕߩᐔⴧቯᢙ5)ห૏૕੤឵෻ᔕ
18
16
1/2C O2㧔᳇㧕+H2 O㧔ᶧ㧕      1/2C18O2㧔᳇㧕+H216O㧔ᶧ㧕
15
NH3㧔᳇㧕+14NH+㧔ṁᶧ㧕      14NH3㧔᳇㧕+15NH+㧔ṁᶧ㧕

ᐔⴧቯᢙ
1.046

᷷ᐲ㧔K㧕
273.1

1.034

298.1

15

NO㧔᳇㧕+14HNO3㧔ṁᶧ㧕      14NO㧔᳇㧕+H15NO3㧔ṁᶧ㧕

1.065

298.1

H12CN㧔᳇㧕+13CN㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕      H13CN㧔᳇㧕+12CN㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕㨪1.029295

13CO2㧔᳇㧕+12CO32㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕      12CO2㧔᳇㧕+13CO32㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕

1.017

273.1

1/3C16O32㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕+H218O㧔ᶧ㧕      1/3C18O32㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕+ H216O㧔ᶧ㧕

1.036

273.1

34

SO3㧔᳇㧕+H32SO3㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕      32SO3㧔᳇㧕+H34SO3㧙㧔ṁᶧ㧕

1.019

298.1

HD㧔᳇㧕+ H2O㧔ᶧ㧕      H2㧔᳇㧕+ HDO㧔ᶧ㧕

3.694
2.256

298.1
423.1

㧙38㧙

ઃ㍳3 ↪⺆⸃⺑
*1. ಽ㔌ଥᢙ41)ಽ㔌೨ߩኻ⽎ห૏૕ߩࡕ࡞ಽ₸ࠍ X ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ᓟߩߘࠇࠍ Y ߣߒߚᤨ‫ޔ‬ᰴᑼߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㊂ࠍ㗡ㇱಽ㔌ଥᢙߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬Y /(1  Y )X /(1  X )߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ಽ㔌ᠲ૞ᓟ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎ห૏૕ߩᷫ៊ߒߚ⹜ᢱਛߦߥ߅߽ᱷሽߒߡ޿ࠆኻ⽎ห૏૕ߩࡕ࡞
ಽ₸ Z ߣߒߚᤨ‫ޔ‬ᰴᑼߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㊂ࠍోಽ㔌ଥᢙߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬Y /(1  Y )Z /(1  Z ) ᦝߦ‫ޔ‬ᰴᑼߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㊂ࠍየㇱಽ㔌ଥᢙߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬X /(1  X )Z /(1  Z )ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬නߦಽ㔌ଥᢙߣ⸒ߞߚ႐วߦߪ‫ࠍࠇߤޔ‬ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ᵈᗧߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬
Ớ❗ಽ Y
ଏ⛎ಽ X
ᷫ៊ಽ Y
*2. ⛔⸘⊛ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺ5),41)ಽ㔌ଥᢙߩ޽߹ࠅᄢ߈ߊߥ޿ᠲ૞ࠍ➅㄰ߔߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⋡⊛ߩห૏૕ࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆᣇᴺ‫ޕ‬นㅒㆊ⒟ߣਇนㅒㆊ⒟߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬೨⠪ߦߪ⫳⇐ᴺ‫ޔ‬ൻቇ੤឵ᴺ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߦߪᾲ᜛ᢔᴺ‫ޔ‬᳇૕᜛
ᢔᴺ‫ޔ‬᝹ᒁ᜛ᢔᴺ‫ޔ‬㆙ᔃಽ㔌ᴺ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ᵒേᴺ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ಽ⸃ߥߤ߇޽ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒ‫ߣ⊛⋡ޔ‬ߔࠆห૏૕ߦᾖḰࠍ⛉ߞߡಽ㔌ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ୘೎⊛ห૏૕ಽ㔌ᴺߣ޿޿‫ޔ‬㔚૏ಽ㔌ᴺ߿࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ಽ㔌ᴺ߇⹥ᒰߔࠆ‫ޕ‬*3. ⇣ᕈൻ45)
޽ࠆൻว‛߇ߘߩ⇣ᕈ૕ߦᄌൻߔࠆ෻ᔕ‫ޕ‬ൻቇ⊛ಣℂ޽ࠆ޿ߪ‛ℂ⊛ᓇ㗀㧔శ࡮ᾲߥߤ㧕ߢ⿠ߎࠆ‫⚂ࠍ㉄ࡦࠗ࡟ࡑ߫߃଀ޕ‬200͠ߦടᾲߔࠆߣࡈࡑ࡞㉄ߦᄌൻߔࠆ෻ᔕ‫ࡁࠥࠗࠝޔ‬࡯࡞ߦࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ࠍ૞↪ߐߖࠆߣੑ㊀⚿วߩ⒖േ߇⿠ߎߞߡࠗ࠰ࠗࠝࠥࡁ࡯࡞ߦߥࠆ෻ᔕ
߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬*4. ౒㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼40)ബ⿠⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆේሶ߹ߚߪಽሶ߇‫ߩ⓭ⴣޔ‬ㆊ⒟ߢઁߩ☸ሶߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍฃߌᷰߔߎ
ߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ࠆߔ⓭ⴣޔߦ․ޕ‬෺ᣇߩ☸ሶߩㆫ⒖ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇߶߷╬ߒ޿ᤨ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ⏕₸ߢߎߩ⃻⽎߇⿠ߎࠅ‫౒ࠍࠇߎޔ‬㡆⊛ബ⿠⒖ਸ਼ߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬*5. ࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻㊂ሶ೙ᓮ6),7)ᤨ㑆⊛‫ޔ‬ⓨ㑆⊛ߦ㐳߈ߦᷰߞߡ૏⋧߇଻ᜬߐࠇࠆశࠍࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁‫࡟ޕ‬࡯ࠩ࡯శߪࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻ߥశߢ޽ࠅ‫․ߩߎޔ‬ᕈࠍ೑↪ߒߡᭂ߼ߡ♖ኒߦ‛⾰ߩ㊂ሶ⁁ᘒࠍ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣࠍࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻㊂ሶ೙ᓮߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬

㧙39㧙

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
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㧙40㧙

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