一般 1「投球フォーム」

2月3日（金）11:10～11:50
第2会場（山形テルサ 1F テルサホール）

English & Japanese Oral Session 1 "Throwing form"

Feb. 3rd（Fri）11:10～11:50
Room 2（Yamagata Terrsa 1F Terrsa Hall）

O1-1

小学生野球投手における球速と上下肢身体機能の関係
森本 暢 1、木下 裕矢 2、泉 仁 1
12高知大学医学部整形外科、
いの町立国民健康保険仁淀病院 / 仁淀清流苑リハビリテーション科

Impact of upper and lower extremities physical function on pitching
speed in young baseball players
Toru Morimoto 1, Hiroya Kinoshita 2, Masashi Izumi 1
1

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University,
Department of Rehabilitation, Niyodo Hospital

2S175一般【目的】投球動作は全身運動であり、下肢、体幹、上肢の運動連鎖により達成される事が知られている。我々
は少年野球選手を対象として、上下肢の身体機能が球速に与える影響について検討したので報告する。
【方法】対象は投手経験を有する 71 名（男子 64 名、女子 7 名、年齢 9-12 歳、身長 145.3 ± 8.8cm）とし、TECHNICALPITCH 軟式 J 号球を７球投げてその平均球速を算出した。身体機能として、上肢はアームスピード（PULSE THROW）と握力を、下肢は反復横跳び回数、軸足・ステップ足でのシングルレッグホップ（SLH）を測定し、それぞれと球速との関係を検討した。
【結果】平均球速 :80［75-86］Km/h（中央値［四分位範囲］）、握力 :18.4［16.6-20.9］Kg、アームスピード :912
［852-998］RPM、反復横跳び :45［41-49］回、SLH（軸足 / ステップ足）: 120［107-135］/ 118［103-139］cmであった。球速は握力（R=0.61,P<0.05）、反復横跳び回数（R=0.43,P<0.05）両側の SLH（R=0.47,P<0.05 /R=0.49,P<0.05）と有意な正の相関を示したが、アームスピードとは相関しなかった。身長を補正した重回帰分析の結果、反復横跳び回数と SLH が有意な説明変数として選択された。
【考察及び結論】学童期の野球選手において、投球パフォーマンスを向上するためには、腕を速く振ることや握力強化よりも、跳躍力や俊敏性といった下肢機能向上が重要で有ることが示唆された。本研究結果は、現場においてエビデンスに基づいた効果的なトレーニングを構築していく上で有用であると思われた。

一般 1「投球フォーム」

2月3日（金）11:10～11:50
第2会場（山形テルサ 1F テルサホール）

English & Japanese Oral Session 1 "Throwing form"

Feb. 3rd（Fri）11:10～11:50
Room 2（Yamagata Terrsa 1F Terrsa Hall）

O1-2

投球障害肘選手における投球動作の運動学的特性

松井 知之 1、瀬尾 和弥 2、東 善一 1、宮崎 哲哉 1、松澤 寛大 1、森原 徹 1
1

丸太町リハビリテーションクリニック、2 京都府立医科大学附属病院

Kinematic Characteristics of Throwing Motion in Players with Throwing
elbow Injury
Tomoyuki Matsui 1, Kazuya Seo 2, Yoshikazu Azuma 1, Tetsuya Miyazaki 1, Kanta Matsuzawa 1,Toru Morihara 1
1

Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic,Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine2

一般【はじめに】
不良な投球動作を続けると，肩・肘関節へのストレスが増大し，投球障害につながる恐れがある．不良
なフォームの改善は重要であるが，投球障害選手の特徴を示した報告は少ない．
今回われわれは，投球障害肘選手 と健常選手との投球動作フォームの違いを検討したので報告する．
【対象・方法】
投球障害肘と診断された高校生投手16例（障害選手）および健常選手15例を対象とした．被検者に3m 前方のネットに全力投球を行わせ，10台の赤外線カメラで構成される三次元動作解析装置（VICON MX）を用いて投球動作を計測した．肩関節・下肢・体幹における関節角度（33変数）を算出し，対応のない t 検定を用いて投球障害肘選手と健常選手を比較，検討した．
【結果】
障害選手の有意差を認めた角度特徴として，障害選手では，投球動作開始姿勢において，軸脚股・膝関節屈曲，足関節背屈角度が高値であった．並進運動時では，股関節外転角度が低値，ステップ脚股関節
では，屈曲・内旋角度が高値であった．フットコンタクト直後に胸郭は前傾していた．MER では，肩関節外転角度，投球方向への骨盤回旋が低値であった．
【考察】
障害選手では，MER 付近で肩関節外転が有意に低下し，その結果肘関節痛を生じていると考えた．MERでの肩関節外転不足になる要因として，投球動作前半における下肢・体幹角度との関連が報告されている．
投球障害選手においても同様の結果であり，投球動作の評価ポイントとして考慮する必要があると考えた．

S176

2022年10月22日（土）～10月23日（日）一般 1「投球フォーム」

2月3日（金）11:10～11:50
第2会場（山形テルサ 1F テルサホール）

English & Japanese Oral Session 1 "Throwing form"

Feb. 3rd（Fri）11:10～11:50
Room 2（Yamagata Terrsa 1F Terrsa Hall）

O1-3

High School and Professional Pitchers with Decreased Variation in
Joint/Segment Velocities Demonstrate Significantly Lower or Equivalent
Throwing Arm Kinetics with Preserved Ball Velocity
Carlo Coladonato 1, Joseph E. Manzi 2, Brittany Dowling 3, Matthew Nasra 4, Bryan Ang 5,Suleiman Sudah 6, Michelle Kew 7, Allen Nicholson 6, Joshua S. Dines 7
1Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA,
3
Sports Performance Center, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Oak Brook, IL,
4
Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers, NJ,
5
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill New York, NY,
6
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Monmouth Medical Center, Monmouth, NJ,
7Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY2S177一般

Background: Improper sequencing order of maximum joint and segment velocities has been identified as an important
predictor for both throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity. High school and professional baseball pitchers with improper
pelvis-trunk maximum rotation velocity order were found to have increased shoulder distraction forces. Professional
pitchers with proper chronological order of the five joint/segment velcoties were noted to have significantly greater ballvelocity with no difference in throwing arm kinetics. Mixed cohort evaluations（high school, collegiate, and professionals）
noted increased elbow varus torque for pitchers with improper sequence of maximum joint/segment velocities of the
distal upper extremity. While these prior studies have noted differences in ball velocity or throwing arm kinetics for
pitchers with improper sequence of maximum joint/segment velocities at several playing levels, no study to date has
evaluated pitchers with high or low variance in maximum joint/segment velocities or the ability to obtain consistentvalues across multiple pitches. This consideration of pitcher ability to achieve repeatability among several pitches gives
attention to ‘within’ rather than ‘between’ pitcher differences alone. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate
maximum joint/segment velocities between pitches and the relationship to throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity in highschool（HS）and professional（PRO）pitchers.
Methods: HS（n=59）and PRO（n=338）pitchers instructed to throw 8-12 fastball pitches were evaluated with 3D-motion
capture（480 Hz）; both cohorts evaluated separately. The standard deviation of each of the five joint/segment velocity
maxima were calculated per pitcher. Pitchers were classified as ‘Overall Low Variance’ or ‘Overall High Variance’.
Kinematic and kinetic parameters were subsequently compared among the subgroups.
Results: No differences in anthropometrics（p ≥0.239）, kinematics（p ≥0.051）, or throwing arm kinetics（p ≥0.094）werenoted between the HS Overall Low Variance group and Overall Hi Variance group（Table 1）. For the PRO cohorts, nodifferences in anthropometrics（p ≥ 0.033）or ball velocity（p ≥ 0.580）was noted（Table 2）. The Overall Low Variancesubgroup had significantly lower shoulder distractive force（111.8±14.1 vs. 119.6±15.5%BW respectively, p=0.008）andelbow anterior force（40.6±5.0 vs. 43.6±6.2%BW respectively, p=0.008）compared to the Overall Hi Variance subgroup.
The PRO Overall Low Variance subgroup had significantly lower shoulder distractive force（111.8 ± 14.1 vs. 119.6 ±15.5%BW respectively, p=0.008）and elbow anterior force（40.6±5.0 vs. 43.6±6.2%BW respectively, p=0.008）compared tothe PRO Overall Hi Variance subgroup.
Conclusion: HS and PRO pitchers with low variance for joint/segment velocities tend to achieve significantly lower
maximum joint/segment velocities in the subgroup of interest, while preserving ball velocity. PRO pitchers with overall
low variance among multiple maximum joint/segment velocities demonstrated decreased shoulder distractive and elbow
anterior force. Pitchers with repeatability in maximum joint/segment velocities may be viewed as kinetically conservative
throwers. These pitchers with similarly maintained mechanics between pitches may have an increasingly regimented
form that preserves kinetic forces about the throwing arm, placing them at a theoretically decreased risk of injury.

一般 1「投球フォーム」

2月3日（金）11:10～11:50
第2会場（山形テルサ 1F テルサホール）

English & Japanese Oral Session 1 "Throwing form"

Feb. 3rd（Fri）11:10～11:50
Room 2（Yamagata Terrsa 1F Terrsa Hall）

O1-4

A Comprehensive Analysis of Summative Maximum Joint/Segmental
Velocity Relationships with Throwing Arm Kinetics and Ball Velocity inHigh School Pitchers
Carlo Coladonato 1, Joseph E. Manzi 2, Brittany Dowling 3, Matthew Nasra 4, Jay Moran 5,Bryan Ang 6, Suleiman Sudah 7, Allen Nicholson 7, James B. Carr 8, Joshua S. Dines 91

Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA,
3Sports Performance Center, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Oak Brook, IL,
4Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers, NJ,
5Yale University School of Medicine, Stanford, CO,
6
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill New York, NY,
7
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Monmouth Medical Center, Monmouth, NJ,
8Sports Medicine Institute Hospital for Special Surgery Florida, West Palm Beach, FL,
9Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
2一般Background: Individual maximum segmental/joint velocities（ie. pelvis rotation, trunk rotation, shoulderinternal rotation, etc.）have shown positive associations with throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity inbaseball pitchers. While these studies have noted faster ball velocity and/or throwing arm kinetics for
pitchers with individual increases in maximum joint/segmental velocities, no study to date has evaluatedpitchers with high or low maxima among multiple joint/segmental velocities. This consideration of theentirety of the kinetic chain, summating several joint and segmental velocities, may better elucidate how
the combination of these factors may influence ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics, as a surrogate
of injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe how summative maximum joint/
segmental velocities may impact ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in high school pitchers.
Methods: High school（n=59）pitchers threw 8-12 fastball pitches while evaluated with 3D-motion capture（480 Hz）. The maxima of each of the five joint/segmental velocities were calculated per pitcher. Pitchers
were classified as ‘Overall Fast Joint/Seg Velocity’ or ‘Overall Slow Joint/Seg Velocity’. Kinematic andkinetic parameters were subsequently compared among the groups with post-hoc regressions and multivariable regression models created to predict throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity, respectively.
Results: Pitchers with Overall Fast Joint/Seg Velocity were older（16.9±1.4 vs. 15.4±0.9yrs. respectively,p=0.007）, achieved faster ball velocity（32.7 ± 3.1 vs. 28.7 ± 2.3m/s respectively, p=0.002）, and hadsignificantly higher shoulder internal rotation torque（4.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.7 ± 0.8%BWxBody Height［BH］
respectively, p=0.003）, elbow varus torque（61.8 ± 16.4 vs. 41.6 ± 11.4%BWxBH respectively, p=0.001）,
and elbow flexion torque（3.5±0.4 vs. 2.5±0.5%BWxBH respectively, p<0.001）compared to the Overall
Slow Joint/Seg Velocity group（Table 1）. For every 1 standard deviation increase in maximum pelvis
rotational angular velocity（86.7°/s）, normalized elbow distractive force increased by 4.7%Body Weight（BW）（B: 0.054, β : 0.290 p: 0.013）. A multi-regression model for ball velocity based on maximum joint/
segmental velocities predicted 20.3% of variance.
Conclusion: High school pitchers with increasing summative maximum joint/segmental velocities（ie.
lead knee extension, pelvis rotational angular velocity）demonstrated faster ball velocity at the cost ofincreased throwing shoulder and elbow kinetics. Pitchers and coaching staff should consider this tradeoff between faster ball velocity and increased throwing arm kinetics with increasing, summative joint/segmental velocities. In particular, increased elbow varus torque, an established risk factor for elbow
injury.

S178

2022年10月22日（土）～10月23日（日）