㐃㍕ծॖƱ૨‫ ܖ‬Ü ᛖǓƷžɠ‫ݗ‬ſǛǊƙƬƯ➨㸯㸯ᅇዪࢆ᎘࠺ࡓࡵࡢసἲୖ㜿㒊බᙪ
Abe Masahiko㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬ၿពࡣ㐺ษ࡟ぢࡏࡽࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ➨ 9 㹼 10 ᅇࡢࠕⱥ఍ヰࡢ㉳※࡛ࠖࡶ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊၿពࢆぢࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢ᭱኱ࡢ㐨ල࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋゝⴥࢆୖᡭ࡟౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ၿពࡣࡼࡾຠᯝⓗ࡟⾲⌧ࡉࢀࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣᨻ἞ⓗ࡞ຊࢆࡶ⏕ࡳฟࡍࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟͆ၿពࡢゝⴥ͇ࡀᶒຊ࡜⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ 17 ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ 18 ୡ⣖࡟࡜ࡾࢃࡅ≉ᚩⓗ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡓ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ඛ❧ࡘ᫬௦ࠊ15 ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ 16 ୡ⣖࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ⱥㄒ
ࡣᮍ᭯᭷ࡢᣑ኱ᮇࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࡀࠊࡸࡀ࡚ゝⴥࡢつ⠊ࢆồࡵࡿኌࡀᙉࡲࡾᩥἲព㆑ࡶ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࠋఱࡼࡾࠊ㛗ࡃ⥆࠸ࡓ⾲㡢୺⩏ࡀࠊ⥛ࡾࡢᅛᐃ໬࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡟࡜ࡗ࡚࠿ࢃࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ⱥㄒࡢつ⠊໬ࡣ᱁ẁ࡟㐍ࡴࠋゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞つ⠊໬ࢆ㇟ᚩࡋࡓࡢࡣ 1751 ᖺࡢࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ࡟ࡼࡿࠗⱥ
ㄒ㎡඾࠘ A Dictionary of the English Language ࡢห⾜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㐺ษ࡞ࠕぢ࠿ࡅࠖࢆࡲ࡜ࡗࡓࠕṇࡋ࠸ⱥㄒࠖࡢ㔜せᛶࡣࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ᭷ຊ࡞ᩥேࡓࡕ ̿ࢪࣙࢭࣇ࣭࢔ࢹ࢕ࢯࣥࠊࢲࢽ࢚࣭ࣝࢹࣇ࢛࣮ࠊࢪࣙࢼࢧ࣭ࣥࢫ࢘࢕ࣇࢺ̿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᥎ዡࡉࢀࠊ࠸
ࢃࡺࡿ polite English ࡣ⋤ᐊࢆ㡬Ⅼ࡟௮ࡄ♩⠇ࡢᇶ㍈࡜ࡋ࡚࠸
16 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬16ࡼ࠸ࡼ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡇࡢ 18 ୡ⣖ࠊゝⴥ࡜࡞ࡽࢇ࡛ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘ♩⠇ࡢ㘽࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠋࠕዪ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ➨ 10 ᅇࡢࠗ♩⠇ࡢỴࡲࡾ࠘࠿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝࡟ࡶぢࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ♩⠇ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㒊ศࡣዪᛶࢆࡵࡄࡿỴࡲࡾ஦࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࡑࡢᇶ┙࡟࠶ࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝࠺᣺ࡿ⯙࠺࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⏨ᛶ
ࡢどⅬࡔࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕዪᛶࡣ࡝࠺᣺ࡿ⯙࠺࡭ࡁ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡜ࡶ↓⦕࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ 18 ୡ⣖௨㝆ࡢసἲ᭩ࡣዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣦ༡᭩࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋዪᛶⓗ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡀࠊゝⴥ࡜࡞ࡽࢇ
࡛ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠸ࢃࡤつ⠊໬ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ዪᛶᛶࡢつ⠊໬ࡣࠊ⏨ࡀዪࢆᆺ࡟ࡣࡵ࡚ᢚᅽࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺༢⣧࡞ᅗᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡔࡅ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁ஦ែࡣ㏫࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋつ⠊࡬ྥ࠿࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿែᗘࡢฟⓎⅬ࡟ࡣࠊࠕዪ࡜ࡣఱ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⏨ࡓࡕࡣࡇࡢၥ㢟࡜᱁㜚ࡋࡘࡘࠊつ⠊໬㸻ዪᛶ໬࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ዪᛶᛶࢆ⮬ࡽࡢෆ࡟ྲྀࡾࡇࡴࡇ࡜࡛⟅࠼ࢆぢࡘࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡶᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
♩⠇࡜ዪᛶᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊࡑ࠺⡆༢࡟ࡣ⟅࠼ࡢฟ࡞࠸ࠊࡓ࠸࡬ࢇዟࡢ῝࠸ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᅇ࡜ḟᅇࡣࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡬ࡢྲྀࡗ᥃࠿ࡾࢆࡘࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ 18 ୡ⣖ࡢసἲ᭩ࡢ୰࡛ࡶࡸࡸ࢟࣡
ࣔࣀᢅ࠸ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࢆ࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࡢ᭩≀ࡣᮏேࡢチྍ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡔ
ࡀࠊᙜึ࠿ࡽࡑࡢෆᐜࡢࢫ࢟ࣕࣥࢲࣛࢫࡉ࡟ὀ┠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡾࠊస
ἲ᭩ࡢ㈇ࡢ㠃ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠕዪࠖ
ࡀ࠸ࡗࡓ࠸࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
17 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬17ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢࠗⱥㄒ㎡඾࠘࡜᭷ຊࣃࢺ࣭ࣟࣥࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕
࣮ࣝࢻཀࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡇ࡜ࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉ࣭ࢻ࣮࣐࣮࣭ࢫࢱࣥ࣍
࣮ࣉ 1694 1773 ࡣᙜ᫬ࡢᨻ⏺ࡢ㔜せே≀ࡢࡦ࡜ࡾ࡛ࠊࣁ࣮
ࢢ㥔ᅾ኱౑ࡸ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⥲┘ࢆົࡵࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟እ஺᪉㠃࡛ά㌍ࡋࡓே≀ࡔࡗࡓࠋᩥᏛ㛵ಀࡢ▱ᕫࡶከࡃࠊ࢔ࣞࢡࢨࣥࢲ
࣮࣭࣏࢘ࣉࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࢤ࢖ࠊ࣮࣭࣊ࣥࣜࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢࠊࢺ
࣐ࢫ࣭ࢠ࣎ࣥࠊࣦ࢛ࣝࢸ࣮ࣝࠊࣔࣥࢸࢫ࣮࢟ࣗࠊࢪ࢙࢖࣒ࢬ࣭
ࢺ࣒ࢯࣥࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᩥᏛ⪅࡜஺ὶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡲࡎ≉➹ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝࢪࣙ
ࣥࢯࣥ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡣ 1746 ᖺ࡟ࠗⱥㄒ㎡඾࠘ࡢฟ∧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ዎ⣙ࢆ஺ࢃࡍ࡜ࠊࡲࡎࠕ᪂ⱥㄒ㎡඾⦅⧩ィ⏬ᴫ␎ࠖ ‘A Short Scheme
for Compiling a New Dictionary of the English Language’> 1747@ ࢆබ࡟ࡋࠊࡇࢀࢆᨵ⦅ࡋ࡚ᚋࡢࠕᗎᩥࠖࡢඖ࡟࡞ࡿ䛄ィ⏬᭩࠘ Plan ࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡟ࡣࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢゝㄒほࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡀグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡣࡇࢀࢆࠊᨻ⏺ࡢ᭷ຊ⪅࡛ࣃࢺࣟࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚᥼ຓࢆᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡓࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀ࡟ᤝࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣࠊⱥㄒࡢ஘ࢀ࡟኱࠸࡟༴ᶵឤࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊᶒጾ࡜⛛ᗎࡢᚲせᛶࢆㄝ࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡋࠊᗢẸࡢゝⴥࡣ஘ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊᏛ⪅࡜ᐑᘐࡢゝⴥࢆᇶ‽࡟ࠕᶆ‽ㄒࢆసࡿ࡭ࡁࡔࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ⥛ࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㡢࡟ྜࢃࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊㄒ※ࡸᩥἲࢆࡇࡑᑛ㔜ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥⓗ࡞つ⠊ࡢ⢭⚄࡜ࡨࡗࡓࡾྜ࠺⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊࡇࡢࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ
ཀࡣ඲ࡃ↓どࡋࡓࠋ࡝࠺ࡸࡽࡇࢀࡣពᅗⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⾜18 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬18ࡁ㐪࠸ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᚋࡢ◊✲࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡣࡑࢇ࡞ࡇ࡜࡜ࡣ▱ࡽࡎࠊ኱࠸࡟៽ࡗࡓࠋࡋ
࠿ࡶࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢࠗⱥㄒ㎡᭩࠘ࡀࡘ࠸࡟ห⾜ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊࢳ࢙
ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻࡣࡑࡢ೧ᴗࢆㆭ࠼ࡿ᭩ホࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࡀࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡣࡇࢀࡀ࡞࠾ࡉࡽẼ࡟ධࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ ࠊࠕ௒ࡉࡽఱࢆゝ࠺࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺୺᪨ࡢゝⴥࢆࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀᮏே࡟ᐄ࡚ࡓᡭ⣬࡟グࡋࡓ࡯࡝࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1 ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀ⮬㌟ࡣ
ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㮚ᥭ࡟ᵓ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࠊࢪࣙࣥ
ࢯࣥ࠿ࡽࡢᡭ⣬ࢆ࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡀࡗ࡚▱ࡾྜ࠸࡟ぢࡏࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠾
ࡾࠊࡲࡓࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢ᪉ࡶᚋ࡟ែᗘࢆ㌾໬ࡉࡏࡓ࡜ࡶఏ࠼ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢ஦௳ࡣࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡢᛶ᱁ࢆࡼࡃ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡗ
࡚ࠊࠗⱥㄒ㎡᭩࠘ࢆࡵࡄࡿࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ
࡜ࡋ࡚ㄒࡾఏ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢ࠸ࢃࡃࡘࡁࡢࠕᡭ⣬ࠖ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡇࡢࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣࠊ༢࡞ࡿࣃࢺ࡛ࣟࣥ࠶
ࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡀ࠶ࡿฟ∧≀ࡢⴭ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ྡ๓ࢆ
▱ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘
1 1755 ᖺ 2 ᭶࡟ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ࠿ࡽࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀ࡟ᐄ࡚ࡓᡭ⣬࡟ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞㎞㎥࡞୍⠇ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ‘Is not a Patron, myLord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling forlife in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers
him with help ? The notice which you have been pleased to takeof my labours, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been
delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I amsolitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not wantit’ Boswell, 185 .

19 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬19

Lord Chesterfield’s Letters 1774 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᭩≀ࡀබ࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࡣࡕࡻࡗ࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࡁࡉࡘࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀ࡟ࡣࠊࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉ࡜࠸࠺㠀ᎠᏊࡀ࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᏊࢆࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣ኱࠸࡟࠿ࢃ࠸ࡀࡾࠊᑗ᮶ࡣ⮬ศ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞እ஺ᐁࡢ㐨ࢆṌࡲࡏࡼ࠺࡜ᑠࡉ࠸㡭࠿ࡽࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ฎୡ⾡ࢆఏᤵࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᙼ࡟ᐄ࡚࡚ᡭ⣬ࢆ᭩ࡁ⥆ࡅࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṚᚋࠊࡇࡢ୍㐃ࡢᡭ⣬ࡀࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉࡢᮍஸே࡟ࡼࡗ࡚௚ࡢ᭩⡆࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ห⾜ࡉࢀࠊᗈࡃୡ㛫࡟▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡔࡅ⪺ࡃ࡜ࡼࡃ࠶ࡿヰࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢᡭ⣬࡟ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᅉ⦕ࡀ࠿ࡽࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉ࡬ࡢឡ᝟ࡣࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡢ∗࡜ࡢ୙௰࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㛗⏨࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽṇᙜ࡞㈈⏘ࢆ┦⥆࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢୖ᪼ᚿྥࡸୡ㛫࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㆙ᡄᚰࡣ࠿࡞ࡾᙉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣⱝ࠸㡭ࡣ኱࠸࡟ዪᛶ࡜㐟ࡧࠊ⤖፧ࡋࡓࡢࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ 39 ṓ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊ┦ᡭࡣᨻ␎⤖፧ࡲࡀ࠸࡟㑅ࢇࡔ 40 ṓࡢዪᛶ࡛ࠊࡇࡢே⮬㌟ࡀࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ୍ୡࡢ㠀ᎠᏊࡔࡗࡓ࡜ࡶゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ព࿡࡛ࡡࡌࢀࡓぶᏊ㛵ಀࡢࡓࡔ୰࡟࠶ࡗࡓࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢ㠀ᎠᏊࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ឡ᝟ࢆࡇࡵ࡚ᡭ⣬ࢆ᭩ࡁ⥆ࡅࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୙ᖾ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࣇ࢕ࣜࢵ
ࣉࡣ 39 ṓࡢⱝࡉ࡛ࠊ∗ࡢክࢆᯝࡓࡏࡠࡲࡲ௚⏺ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋᅉ⦕ࡣࡇࢀ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡔࡅឡ᝟ࢆὀ࠸࡛ࡁࡓ∗࡟ࡣෆ⥴࡛ࠊᐇࡣࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉࡣ 20 ௦ࡢⱝࡉ࡛࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔࣭ࣆ࣮
ࢱ࣮ࢫ Eugenia Peters ࡜࠸࠺࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ㈗᪘ࡢࡇࢀࡲࡓ
㠀ᎠᏊ࡜⛎ᐦ⤖፧ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡀࡇࡢዪᛶࡢᏑᅾࢆ▱ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉࡢṚᚋ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᐃㄝࡔࡀࠊࡦࡻࡗ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡣ࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔⮬㌟ࡀ
20 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬20ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࡛⮬ศࡀゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࢆ๐㝖ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ2 ࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀ࡜࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣಙ㢗㛵ಀࡀ࡞ࡃࠊ㑇ゝ≧ࡢ୰࡛ᙼࡣᏞ࡟ࡣ㑇⏘ࢆṧࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊࡍ࡛࡟ࡑࡢᏑᅾࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࣘ
࣮ࢪࢽ࢔࡟ࡣ୍㖹ࡢ㈈⏘ࡶṧࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡉ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠࡟࠶ࡗࡓࣇ࢕ࣜࢵࣉࡢᮍஸேࡢᡭ࡟ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢኵ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡀࡏࡗࡏ࡜᭩ࡁ㏦ࡗࡓᡭ⣬ࡀṧࡉࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔ࡣჾ㔞ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝࡛ࡶ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟▱ⓗ࡛⪽᫂࡞ዪᛶࡔࡗࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔ࡀ⪃࠼ࡓࡢࡣࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬ࢆฟ∧ࡋࡼ࠺ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓࠋᨻ⏺ࡢ᭷ຊ⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊከࡃࡢⴭྡே࡜ࡶ▱ࡾྜ࠸ࡔࡗࡓࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣࠊ௒࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࡓ࠸࡬ࢇ࡞ࢭࣞࣈ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡭ⣬ࡢฟ∧ࡀ࠿࡞ࡾࡢ฼┈ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶண᝿࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊၥ㢟ࡣᡭ⣬ࡢෆᐜࡔࡗࡓࠋࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࡟ࡣࠊ≀㆟ࢆ㔊ࡋࡑ࠺࡞㒊ศࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔ࡀ㦁ࡂࡢⓎ⏕ࢆ㢪ࡗ࡚ᡭ⣬ࡢฟ∧ࢆᛮ࠸❧ࡗࡓࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⦅㞟ࢆ౫㢗ࡉࢀࡓ࣍ࣛࢫ࣭࢛࣏࣮࢘ࣝࣝࡸ࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࢠ࣎ࣥࡀ㑇᪘ࡢᛣࡾࢆᜍࢀ࡚⏦ࡋฟࢆ᩿ࡗࡓࡾࠊฟ∧ᕪࡋṆࡵࢆồࡵࡿ㑇᪘ࡢ᢬ᢠࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡍ࡛࡟ィ⏬ẁ㝵࠿ࡽࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡢห⾜ࡣἼ஘ྵࡳࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋฟ∧ᕪࡋṆࡵせㄳ
2 ࣓࢖࣮ࣚࡣṧࡉࢀࡓᡭ⣬ࡢཎ✏ࡸฟ∧㐣⛬ࢆヲ⣽࡟᳨ศࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࠕࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡀ࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ⦅⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔⮬㌟ࡀ䛄ᡭ⣬࠘࠿ࡽ⮬㌟ࡢ⑞㊧ࢆៅ㔜࡟ᾘࡋཤࡗࡓࡢࡔࠖ࡜࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᑟࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 57 ࠋ

21 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬21ࡣ⤖ᒁࠊ༷ୗࡉࢀࠊ 1774 ᖺࠊᡭ⣬ࡣ࣮ࣘࢪࢽ࢔⮬㌟ࡢ⦅㞟࡟
ࡼࡾ 2 ᕳࡢ⨾⿦ᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡿࠋᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࠊ኱≀ᨻ἞ᐙࡢ3ࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺ࡞ᡭ⣬ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞㦁ࡂࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋഇၿࡢᢏ⾡䛄ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᜥᏊ࡟ᐄ࡚ࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊ࠸࠿࡟ୡࡢ୰࡛࠺ࡲࡃ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ࠿࡞ࡾලయⓗ࡟ㄝࡃࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࠋ∗࡜Ꮚࡢ㛫ࡢࡦࡑࡦࡑヰࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ
࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡟ࡣබ࡟ࡣཱྀ࡟࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟ዪᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿពぢࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ㎞㎥ࡔࡗࡓࠋᐑᘐࡢ㝜ㅛ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ዪࡓࡕࡀ࠿ࡽࡴࡶࡢࡔࠋ࡛ࡶࠊ
ዪࡓࡕ࡟ࡣὀពࡋࢁࠋಙ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 145 4ዪࡣಙ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠊዪ࡟㊊ୗࢆࡍࡃࢃࢀࡿ࡞ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀࠊዪ
ᛶ⤒㦂㇏࠿ࡔࡗࡓࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢ฿㐩ࡋࡓቃᆅࡔࡗࡓ
ࡽࡋࡃࠊ∗ࡣᜥᏊ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋዪᛶ࡜ࡢ௜ࡁྜ࠸᪉ࢆᣦ༡ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡢዪࡣࡦ࡜ࡘࡋ࠿⯆࿡ࡢᑐ㇟ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ⮬ศࡢ⨾ࡋࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⮬ศࡢ⨾ࡢࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟〔ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡶ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࠋ࡝ࢇ࡞࡟㓶࠸ዪ࡛ࡶࠊ࠾ୡ㎡࡟࡞ࡧ࠿࡞࠸⪅ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ࢇ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸㢦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡉࡍࡀ࡟ࡑࢀࢆ
3 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓฟ∧஦᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ∧࡟௜ࡉࢀࡓࣟࣂព㆑ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ே࡛ࡶࠊ⮬ศ࡛ࡣࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡸ㞺ᅖẼࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛༑ศࡑࢀࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡀᝏࡃ࡚ࡶࠊ㢦ࡢ࠾࠿ࡆ࡛ᩆࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⮬ศ࡛ࡣᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋ࡝ࡕࡽࡶࢲ࣓࡛ࡶࠊ⮬ศ࡟ࡣẼရࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ࡞࡝࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋఱ࡜ࡶゝ࠼࡞࠸㢼᝟ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⨾ࡋࡉࡼࡾࡎࡗ࡜㨩ᝨⓗࡔ࡞࡝࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋ 6061ࡲࡉ࡟඾ᆺⓗ࡞࣑ࢯࢪࢽ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋぢ࠿ࡅ࡟࡜ࡽࢃࢀࠊ࠺ࡠࡰ
ࢀࡺ࠼࡟ᐇែࢆぢㄗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿዪࡓࡕࢆ࠶ࡊ➗࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿែᗘࡀ࠶ࡾ࠶ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡶࠊᡭ⣬ࡢ୰࡟ࡣᜥᏊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㟢㦵࡟᝟஦ࢆ⸀ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞୍⠇ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣࡩࡓࡾࡢዪᛶࢆᐇྡ࡛ྡᣦࡋࠊࠕឡ᝟࡞ࡽ A Ꮚࡉࢇࡔࡡࠋ༢࡞ࡿ᝟஦࡞ࡽ B Ꮚࡉࢇࡢ᪉ࡀ࠸࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡉ࠼ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ231 ࠋᨺⷙ࡛▱ࡽࢀࡓཀ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢࠊዪᛶࢆ⶜どࡋ㍍ࢇࡌࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ែᗘࡣࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽᩍ఍㛵ಀ⪅ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓಖᏲὴ࠿ࡽࡢ⊛཯Ⓨࢆ㣗࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓẘ⯉ࡵ࠸ࡓゝ࠸᪉ࡢ⿬࡛ࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡣࡲࡉ࡟ࡑࡢࠕぢ࠿ࡅࠖࡸࠕ⾲㠃ࠖࡢᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿຠᯝ࡟ࡶࡓ࠸࡬ࢇព㆑ⓗࡔࡗࡓࠋูࡢ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀ
ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຓゝࢆᜥᏊ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋዪࢆᚰᆅⰋࡃࡋ࡚࠶ࡆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊඛࠎྩࡢᙺ࡟❧ࡘ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋዪ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ௚ேࢆᚰᆅⰋ࠸Ẽศ࡟ࡋ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࡢࡔࠋ 217࣮ࢶࡢࠕ࢖ࣥࢺࣟࢲࢡࢩࣙࣥࠖ࡟ヲࡋ࠸ࠋ
4 ௨㝆ࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ὀグࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠗࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘࠿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣ࢜ࢵࢡࢫࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ∧࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡑࡢ㡫␒ྕࢆグࡍࠋ࣑ࢯࢪࢽ࣮ࡢ⿬࡟ࡣࠊࡁࢃࡵ࡚ィ⟬㧗࠸ᡓ␎ᐙࡢጼࡀなࡃࠋࡇࢀࡣ༢࡞ࡿዪ᎘࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊࡼࡾᗈࡃே㛫᎘࠸࡜ゝࡗ࡚

22 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012

23 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬22ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬

23ࡶ࠸࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ែᗘࡔࢁ࠺ࠋዪᛶ࡟㝈ࡽࡎ ࠊࠕ௚ேࢆಙ⏝ࡍࡿ࡞ ࠖࠊࠕ࠸ࡘࡶ⏝ᚰ῝ࡃ࠶ࢀࠖࠊ
ࠕ⮬ศࡢᡭࡢෆࡣ௚ே࡟ࡣぢࡏࡿ࡞ࠖ࡜⊜␲ᚰ࡜ィ⟬࡟‶ࡕࡓ⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿࠊࡑࢀࡀࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࡟୍㈏ࡋ
࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿฎୡ⾡ࡢᇶᮏࡔࡗࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࡑࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣఱࡔࢁ࠺ࠋḟᅇࡣࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ

䚾ᩥ⊩ࠒ㸨 䛄ࢳ࢙ࢫࢱࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻཀࡢᡭ⣬࠘࠿ࡽࡢᘬ⏝ࡣࠊẚ㍑ⓗධᡭ ࡋ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸ Oxford Classics ∧ Lord Chesterfield. Letters.
Ed. by David Roberts >London: Oxford U. P., 1992@ ࢆඖ࡟ࡋ࡚ᣋヂࡋ㡫ࢆグࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ∧࡟ᮍ཰㘓ࡢࠕ⫗ษࡾ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮
ࢻࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ∧࠿ࡽ᥇ࡗࡓࠋ

Pullen, Charles. “Lord Chesterfield and Eighteenth-Century
Appearance and Reality,” in Studies in English Literature,15001900, 8. 3 1968 Summer , 50115.
Roberts, David. ‘Introduction’ in Lord Chesterfield. Letters,ixxxiii.

ᒣ⏣຾ࠗࢲࣥࢹ࢕ࢬ࣒ ̿㈗᪘㊃࿡࡜㏆௦ᩥ᫂ᢈุ࠘ ᪥ᮏᨺ㏦ฟ∧༠఍ 1989̿ࠗࣈ࣓ࣛࣥࣝ㛶ୗࡢ⳹㯇࡞ࢲࣥࢹ࢕⾡̿ⱥᅧὶࢲࣥࢹ࢕
ࢬ࣒ࡢ⨾Ꮫ࠘ ᒎᮃ♫ 2001ᮾி኱Ꮫ෸ᩍᤵStanhope, Philip Dormer. Letters Written by the Late Right
Honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield,to His Son. Ed. by Eugenia Stanhope. 2nd edn. 4 vols.
London: J. Dodsley, 1775㻛1774
ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᩥ⊩ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠋ
Boswell, James. Life of Johnson. Ed. by R. W. Chapman
Oxford: Oxford U. P., 1998㻛1980
Davidson, Jenny. Hypocrisy and the Politics of Politeness:
Manners and Morals from Locke to Austen Cambridge:Cambridge U. P., 2004
Mayo, Christopher. “Manners and Manuscripts: The Editorial
Manufacture of Lord Chesterfield in Letters to His Son,” inThe Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 99. 1
2005 , 3769.
24 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬2425 Web ⱥㄒ㟷ᖺ March , 2012ծॖƱ૨‫ܖ‬25