SOCIALIZING NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY POLICYIN MALAYSIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Dr. Muhammad Rawi MOHAMED ZIN
FNCA Country Coordinator
Deputy Director General (Technical Service Programme)
Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuklear Malaysia)
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)

Outline• Global benchmarking of nuclear related policies & documents• Overview of Malaysia• Existing national policies related to nuclear technology• The evolution of nuclear technology policy in Malaysia• Issues and challenges• Managing public acceptance & risk perception issues• Stakeholder engagement• Conclusion

Global Benchmarking ofNuclear Related Policies &Documents
UNITED KINGDOM•

A guide to Nuclear
Regulation in the UK•

FRANCENuclear policies and national plans focus
mainly on application in energy.
Other nuclear technology applications
more commonly embedded in guidelinesof respective sectors•• Energy and Nuclear Policy (Corpsdes Mines)

South Africa• Nuclear Energy Policy for
the Republic of South
Africa (2008)

Brazil• Brazilian Nuclear Policy –BRICS Policy Center

SOUTH KOREA•

1974 Korea-US Atomic Energy
Agreement (123 Agreement) 1974

NEPAL•JAPANNational NuclearPolicy (2007)• Japan’s Nuclear Energy Policy 2019
• Japanese consensus guidelines forpediatric nuclear medicine

CANADA• Canada’s 1996 Policy Frameworkon Radioactive Waste• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy• Non-Resident Ownership Policy inthe uranium mining sector• Nuclear Research andDevelopment and Science andTechnology

VIETNAM•

Malaysia ?

UAE• Policy of the United ArabEmirates on theEvaluation and Potential
Nuclear Power 2010
Development of Peaceful
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nuclear Energy (2008)(NRC) & Agreement States
regulations on nuclear medicine
American Board of Nuclear Medicine
ABNM Policy on Licensure• National Energy Policy•*Non-exhaustive

INDIA

THAILAND•INDONESIAUSA••

Strategy on Peaceful Utilizationof Atomic Energy up to 2020

• Policy and Strategy on theManagement of Radioactive
Waste and Spent FuelBANGLADESH•

Bangladesh Nuclear
Energy Action Plan(BANPAP)

Thailand Power Development
Plan 2015-2036

AUSTRALIA•

2016 NationalResearch
Infrastructure
Roadmap

Overview of Malaysia
Population
East M’sia
18.3%
Peninsular M’sia
81.7%

Electricity Consumption
East M’sia
9%

Peninsular M’sia
91%

Total population:
32.7 million (DOSM, 2022)
Total land area:
330,534 km2 (Malaysia 2017)
Total electricity consumption:
144,024 GWh (DOSM, 2016)

Existing national policies related to nuclear technology

National Policy on Science,
Technology and Innovation
2021-2030

NationalNanotechnology
Policy and Strategy
2021-2030

4IR Policy

Malaysia Digital
Economy Blueprint

Operational Policy in
Nuclear Medicine
ServiceScience &Technology Foresight
Malaysia 2050

Science Outlook
2020

National OGSE
Industry Blueprint
2021-2030

Regulatory Policy
Statement for
Nuclear andRadiation Safety

Envisioning Malaysia
2050

Precision Medicine
Initiative in Malaysia

10-10 MySTIE
Framework

National Policy on
Industry 4.0
24/11/2021

The evolution of nuclear technology policy in Malaysia

National Nuclear Policy(NNP) 2010

National Nuclear Technology
Policy (NNTP) 2030

 NNP 2010 consists of both nuclear power andnon-power applications
 NNP 2010 was acknowledged by Cabinet but
was recommended to conduct buy-in process
among stakeholders prior adoption

 NNTP 2030 mainly focused on application ofnuclear technology for non-power applications
 As part of future preparedness, NNTP 2030 alsoemphasised the need to develop local capabilityand capacity in nuclear power technology
including innovative nuclear reactor technology
 NNTP 2030 is in formulation processIssues and challenges

Managing public acceptance & risk perception issues

Stakeholder engagement
INTERNATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS
relevant inter-governmental agencies for international nuclear governance,
foreign Governments, especially supplier States, international civil society.
NATIONAL & STATE POLITICAL STAKEHOLDERS
Government & political leaders, policy-makers,
Members of Parliament, Senators & State Legislative Assemblies.
NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL STAKEHOLDERS
Government Ministries & agencies, Government-linked companies,
industry organisations, professional bodies, academic & training institutions & other agencies
GENERAL CIVIL SOCIETY & PUBLIC STAKEHOLDERS
civic society, mass media, non-governmental organisations (NGO’s),
religious, women & other civic organisations, teacher training colleges, university & school
students, general public.
STATES & LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS
local Government, community leaders, local associations

9Stakeholder Mapping (Influence-Interest Matrix)
Influence/Interest

Low Influence

High Influence
Useful for decision and opinion formulation

Lowest priority stakeholder groupLow Stakes (concerned)

High Stakes (implicated)

School student/ Worker/Public(Social Medial

Industry /Licensee / Clients/ N0nGovernment Organisation/ Civil
Society Organisation/Retiree

Important stakeholder group (perhaps needingempowerment)

Most critical stakeholder group

University Graduate, Members ofProfessional Associations (RPO,MARPA, MARS , MSNDT , SSN
Network, etc)

Ministry ,Government and State
Agencies/ MOSTI, KETSA, MOH,
Department of Atomic Energy

Public Consultations via Unified Public Consultation (UPC) Platform

RESULTDuration of consultation: 15 days

Public Consultations via Unified Public Consultation (UPC) Platform Do you agree the national nuclear technology policy is needed for development of
nuclear technology in Malaysia for national growth and prosperity?
 98 % (1009) respondents agreed
 1009 respondents are composed of men (53%) dan women (47%)
 From 110 comments received, 106 (96.4%) were positive comments. Hence, it can beconcluded that the majority of respondents agreed with the effort to introduce nuclear
technology policy.

Conclusion The nuclear technology policy is developed based on country’s need andgovernment policy
 The policy serves as a reference guide to relevant stakeholders in advancing
nuclear technology sector
 Among key successful socialization of nuclear technology policy in Malaysia
is the requirement for buy-in process among stakeholders
 Based on public consultation, the majority of the public agreed with theeffort to introduce nuclear technology policy for advancing peaceful uses ofnuclear technology in the country for nation’s growth and prosperity