KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTER
FOR THE PACIFIC ISLANDSOCCASIONAL PAPERS

ͳ46 March 2006 ධᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ ͳ46 2006 ᐕ 3 ᦬ ධർㅪ⛯‫ޟ‬ᣂ㨯㆏ߩፉ‫ࡦ࡯࠱࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ޠޘ‬᜚ὐᒻᚑ㨪࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻቇ㓙⎇ⓥ೨ㅴ᜚ὐߣ࿖㓙㨯࿾ၞ⽸₂㨪

A Research Project for Sensor Zone Setting
on Kagoshima Chain Islands from South to North
for Cultural & Environmental Transition㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
⎇ⓥᚑᨐႎ๔ᦠ
ႦේẢਃ࡮㐳᎑ବ੺ ✬
Edited by TSUKAHARA Junzo and NAGASHIMA Shunsuke㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTER
FOR THE PACIFIC ISLANDS



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ߪߓ߼ߦ

  ‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ߡ޿ߟߦ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޠޘ‬ᧄ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᵴᕈൻ⚻⾌ߦၮߠߊ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࡊࡠ
ࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ޟ‬ධർㅪ⛯‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ࡦ࡯࠱࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ޠޘ‬᜚ὐᒻᚑ㨪࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻቇ㓙⎇ⓥ೨ㅴ᜚ὐߣ࿖㓙࡮࿾ၞ⽸₂㨪‫⇛ ޠ‬⒓‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ߩ ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޠޘ‬ᚑᨐႎ๔ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ ᦨ⚳ᐕᐲߪ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⁛⥄੍▚ ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ޟ‬ᄙፉၞߦ߅ߌࠆዊፉᎩߩ⥄ᓞᕈ㨪ਈ⺰ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ⮋ධ⻉ፉߢߩቇ㓙⊛⎇ⓥ㨪‫⎇ߩޠ‬ⓥᚑᨐࠍ߽ߣߦߒߡ‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߦ߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫৻ޟޔ‬ዊፉᎩߦ㓸⚂ߒߚᄙಽ㊁߆ࠄߥࠆቇ㓙ᚑᨐߣ⫾Ⓧၮ␆ࠍᱷߒߚ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⮋ߩߎޕ‬ධ⻉ፉᦨධ┵ዊፉᎩߢߩᚑᨐࠍ⿠ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫ޔࠆࠇࠊ޿ߣޠޘ‬ධർ  ࠠࡠߦࠊߚࠆ㣮ఽፉፉᎩၞߩፉ‫ߩߣޘ‬Ყセ⎇ⓥ߿‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖዊፉᎩᄙፉၞߣߩᲧセ⎇ⓥ߳ߩዷ㐿‫⋡ࠍޠ‬ᜰߒߚዷ㐿ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡὑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫⺞ᧄޔ‬ᩏኻ⽎࿾ၞߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ㊀ⷐᕈࠍ଻ᜬߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒㕙ߢߪ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᢎቭ߇ቇㇱቇ↢ࠍਈ⺰ߦ઻ߞߡߩᱜᑼ᝼ᬺࠍ ᐕ  ᦬ࠃࠅ㐿ᆎߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⊒ⴕߩ‫⮋ޡ‬ධ⻉ፉ㧙 ਎♿߳᜸ᚢ‫ ޢ‬ᐕ  ᦬‫ޡޔ‬ᄙፉၞߦ߅ߌࠆዊፉᎩߩ⥄ᓞᕈ㨪ਈ⺰ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ⮋ධ⻉ፉߢߩቇ㓙⊛⎇ⓥ㨪‫ ޢ‬ᐕ  ᦬ࠍ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߣߒߡ↪޿ߟߟ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ࠠ࡯ࡄ࡯࠰ࡦߦࠃࠆ⻠⟵‫ޟ‬ፉߩ઀⚵ߺ‫⊒ߡߒߣޠ‬ዷ⊛ߦዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩߨࠄ޿ߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛ቇ㓙⎇ⓥ᜚ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬᷷Ꮺ࡮੝ᾲᏪ MO ߦ෸߱ධർㅪ⛯ፉᎩᕈࠍ᦭ߔࠆᧄ⋵ፉᎩㇱߘࠇ⥄૕߇‫ޔ‬Ꮧ᦭ߩࡠࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮⾗Ḯߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍቇⴚ⊛ߦᵴ↪ߒዷ㐿ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ₑሶፉ㨯㐳ፉ㨯↘
ፉ㨯ቝᴦ⟲ፉ㨯⒳ሶደਭ㨯࠻ࠞ࡜㨯ᄶ⟤⟲ፉർㇱ߆ࠄᦨධ┵ਈ⺰╬ࠍ⚿߱‫ޔ‬᜚ὐᒻᚑߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ቇߦ߅ߌࠆቇ㓙⎇ⓥ࡮࿖㓙⽸₂ߩᣂၮゲߣߥࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ㆆભᣉ⸳ᵴ↪ࠍ߽ᔨ㗡ߦ⟎޿ߚ᜚ὐలታߪ࿾ၞ⽸₂ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻផ⒖ၞߩ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯
࠱࡯ࡦᒻᚑ࡮⎇ⓥᚑᨐ⫾Ⓧߣ‫ޔ‬ቇ㓙㗔ၞ⚿วߩ႐ߩᕡਭ⊛⏕଻ߦ߽ㅢ ߕ ࠆ ‫⸒ޕ‬⪲ࠍ឵߃ߡ⸒߃߫‫ޔ‬ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢ⫾Ⓧߒߡ߈ߚዊፉᎩ⥄ᓞቇ㓙⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐ ࡒࠢࡠࡀࠪࠕ࡮ਈ⺰ ࠍᵴ߆ߒ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ධർㅪ⛯ⓨ㑆ᕈߢᲧセ⛔วൻߔࠆᣂߒ޿ขࠅ⚵ߺߢ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ ቇ㓙㗔ၞ⚿วᚑᨐ‫ޔ‬ㅪ⛯ධർ࠺࡯࠲࡮ࡌ
ධർㅪ⛯ፉᎩ᜚ὐߢߩ‫⃻ޔ‬ᴫᚑᨐ࡮࡯ࠬߩᒻᚑߪ‫ޔ‬ዊ═ේ࡮ᴒ✽࡮᷷Ꮺᄙ㔎ၞߣߩᲧセ߿ᔕ↪⎇ⓥ⿠ὐߩᒻᚑߩߺ
ߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬੝ᾲᏪ࡮ᾲᏪ࡮᷷Ꮺߩ‫ޟ‬ቇ㓙ፉᎩቇ‫ޔޠ‬ᶏㅴ᳓ᴚෂᯏਅߦ޽ࠆᄥᐔᵗ

ii࡮ࠗࡦ࠼ᵗⅣ␂࿾ၞߣߩ‫ޟ‬Ყセ✚วቇⴚ‫ޠ‬ዷ㐿‫ޔ‬ፉ᳃ߩ࡝ࠬࠢਇ቟߳ߩኻᔕ߿
ᡰេ╬ߩ⎇ⓥ࡮࿖㓙⽸₂ࡌ࡯ࠬߩ⏕┙ߦ߽ߟߥ߇ࠆ‫⎇ߩߘޕ‬ⓥ 㒮↢࡮ᢎቭ ࡮ᔕ↪ ⴕ᡽࡮ડᬺ ࡮ታ⠌ ቇ↢ ࡮␠ળ ፉᎩ ㆶర࡮૑᳃ ፉ᳃ ౒หෳ↹⊛ዷ㐿ߩ႐ࠍ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ౝ‫ ޟ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ߊ ޿ ߡ ߒ ଻ ⏕ ߦ ޠ ޘ‬ၮ ⋚ ߣ ߥ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯ቇ㓙೨ㅴ᜚ὐᒻᚑߪ‫ࠅߣ߭ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ోޔ‬࿖᳃⊛࡮਎⇇⊛ᗧ⟵߇ᄢ߈޿ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޟޔ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ޠޘ‬᭴ᗐߢߩ㣮ఽፉ⋵ోၞߩ㔌ፉᝄ⥝࡮⋵᳃ࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖᒻᚑㆇേߦ߽⋥⚿ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙᄢߥ೽ᰴ⊛ലᨐ࡮੐ᓟᚑᨐ߽ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇࠄࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡㅀߴࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޟޔ‬ᣂⷙᕈ‫ޔߪߡߒߣޠ‬ԘፉᎩߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄ὼ࡮ᢥൻ࡮↥ᬺ 㒽࡮ᶏ࡮ⓨ࡮ੱ࡮࠰ࡈ࠻ ߩቇ㓙㗔ၞ⛔ว‫ޔ‬ԙ‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫⎇ޠޘ‬ⓥߩᣂ
ᤨઍ࡮ᣂⅣႺߩਅߢߩቇ㓙⛔ว‫ޔ‬Ԛ㣮ఽፉᄢቇㅪ⛯ፉᎩ᜚ὐᒻᚑ‫⁛ޟޔ‬ഃᕈ‫ߣޠ‬ߒߡߪԘ ࠠࡠධർፉᎩᕈᲧセ⎇ⓥ ᣂ‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫⎇ޠޘ‬ⓥ࡮࠮ࡦࠨ࡯࠱࡯ࡦᒻᚑ ‫ޔ‬ԙᣇᴺ⺰⏕┙ߩߚ߼ߩࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ ፉᎩቇ࡮੝ᾲᏪቇ࡮᳇⽎ᄌേࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ ‫ޔ‬Ԛ৻⥸Ꮢ᳃ ፉ᳃ ߣ㣮ఽፉᄢቇ ᢎቭ࡮ቇ↢ ߣߩද௛࡮౒หෳ↹߳ߩၮ⋚ߠߊࠅ‫✕ޟޔ‬ᕆᕈ‫ߪߡߒߣޠ‬Ԙ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߩ࿖ౝ᜚ὐᒻᚑ‫ޔ‬ԙⅣႺ໧㗴 ⏷὾ߌ㨯ᶏጯࠧࡒ㩚㨯㘶ᢱ᳓ᳪᨴ㨯ᶏጯ᫪ᨋ፣უ㨯ቝᴦ⟲ፉࠞࠗ࠙ࠨࠡⵍኂઁ ‫ޔ‬Ԛ⮋ධ⻉ፉㆆભᣉ⸳ᵴ↪ߩ࿾రⷐ⺧߳ߩኻᔕ‫ޟޔ‬ታ⃻ᕈ‫ޔߪߡߒߣޠ‬ԘዊፉᎩ⥄ᓞ⎇ⓥ⫾Ⓧ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ࡮ ᐕ㣮ఽፉᄢቇ⺞ᩏታ❣ߣߩᲧセ‫ޔ‬ԙࡒࠢࡠࡀ
ࠪࠕ෸߮ਈ⺰ፉߦ߅ߌࠆዊፉᎩ⥄ᓞ⎇ⓥታ❣߆ࠄߩ⊒ዷ‫ޔ‬Ԛᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ቴຬᢎቭ ᾲᏪㄘᬺ෸߮࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߣᄥᐔᵗፉᎩၞߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⥄ὼ࿾ℂቇ⎇ⓥ⠪
ߣߩ౒ห⎇ⓥߦࠃࠆ㜞޿࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩㅴዷน⢻ᕈ‫ࠍߤߥޔ‬ឝߍߚ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߽ߣࠃࠅߘࠇࠍනᐕᐲߢታᣉቢㆀߔࠆߎߣߩ࿎㔍ᕈࠍᛚ⍮ߒߟߟ߽‫ߩ߳ࠇߘޔ‬ᨐᢓߥ᜸ᚢࠍ⹜ߺߚᚑᨐߩ⸥㍳߇‫ߩߎޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬  ‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫⺞ޠޘ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥߩᧄᐕᐲߦ㑐ࠊࠆᣇᴺ⺰ߣౕ૕ౝኈ
ᧄࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢ߼ߑߒߚ߽ߩࠍ‫ᧄ ޔ‬ᐕᐲᚑᨐߦහߒߡ ౕ૕ൻߒߡㅀߴࠇ
߫‫ޔ‬ԘዊፉᎩߣ๟ㄝ✚วⅣႺࠍ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞㅪ⛯Ყセ࠺࡯࠲ߢቇ㓙⎇ⓥߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ⶄว⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆፉᎩᕈ⎇ⓥߦᣂ⍮⷗ࠍട߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԙ✕ᕆࠍⷐߔࠆ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ࠺࡯
࠲⫾Ⓧߦᦨᅢㆡߥ႐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ౕߩߘޕ‬૕น⢻ᕈࠍㅊⓥߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԛቝᴦ⟲ፉߪߓ߼ᧄ
ቇቇⴚ⫾Ⓧߩౣᢛℂ࡮ᣂዷ㐿ߦ❬ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛ੝ᾲᏪፉᎩ࡮᷷Ꮺᄙ㔎ၞ࡮ᾲᏪⅣ␂ၞߣߩᲧセ࡮ᔕ↪⎇ⓥߩ⿠ὐ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԝᩉ↰࿖↵એ᧪ߩ‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫⎇ޠޘ‬ⓥࠍ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍߩᦨᣂቇⴚߢ⛔วߒ‫␠ޔ‬ળ࡮ᢥൻ ࡮ ࿾ ၞ ⾗ Ḯ ╬ ࠍ Ყ セ ࠍ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣߢ ‫ ޔ‬࿾ ၞ ᝄ ⥝ ߣ ߩ 㑐 ࠊ ࠅ ߦ ߽ ദ ߼ ‫ ޔ‬ᚑ ᨐ ࠍ ࿾రߦㆶరߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᣇᴺ⺰ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⃻࿾⺞ᩏࠍ㊀ⷞߒ‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰࠺࡯࠲ߣᲧセߒߡ‫ߎߎޔ‬ᢙච



iii

ᐕߩ᷷ᥦൻߩᓇ㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ ߘߩ৻ㇱߦߪ⌕ታߦ┵✜ࠍ߭ࠄ޿ߚ 㨫ԙ‫ޟ‬ፉᎩⅣႺ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޔޠ‬㒽㨯ᶏ㨯ⓨ㨯ੱ㨯࠰ࡈ࠻ߩో૕ᕈߦ⇐ᗧߒ‫ߒߣࡓ࡯࠴ޔ‬ߡߪ⥄ὼ㨯ᢥൻ࡮↥ᬺߢ⛔ว⊛ዷ㐿ࠍߔࠆ‫⥄߫߃଀ޕ‬ὼߢߪ↢‛ ᣸⯻㨯⃜ℬ㨯⽴㘃㨯ᶏ⨲╬ ಽᏓ㨮ᢥൻ࡮↥ᬺߢߪ੝ᾲᏪ㨯᷷Ꮺᕈ⾗Ḯߩᵴ↪࡮ᵹㅢ߿‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ㨯↢ᵴᢥൻ⛮ᛚ࡮ࠛࠦ࠷࡯࡝࠭ࡓ╬ߩⅣႺ㑐ㅪ੐⽎ߩផ⒖㨯ዷᦸࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ԛ޽ࠊߖ ߡ ฦࠞ ࠹ࠧ ࡝ ࡯ߩ ᷷ᥦ ൻ ᓇ㗀 ࠍ⹏ ଔ ߔࠆ ᣇᴺ ⺰ ⏕┙ ߩߚ ߼ ࡢ࡯ ࠢࠪ ࡚࠷ࡊࠍ㐿௅ߔࠆ ߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⥄ߩᬌ⸛࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ⇐߹ࠅ‫ోޔ‬૕ળ⊛ᬌ⸛ߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᓟᣣ㐿௅੍ቯߩᚑᨐ⊒⴫ળ࡮ᬌ⸛ળߢߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߚ޿ ‫ޕ‬ԛ߹ߚ৻⥸Ꮢ᳃ߦะߌ ߚ ⻠ Ṷ ᵴ േ ╬ ߢ ߩ ໪ ⫥ ࠍ ⴕ ޿ 㑐 ㅪ ߔ ࠆ ᄙ ፉ ࿤ ⎇ ⓥ
࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ ⎇ ⓥ ળ ߣ ‫ ޔ‬ᄙ ፉ ၞ ࡈ ࠜ ࡯ ࡜ ࡓ ߪ ౏ 㐿 ߢ ዷ 㐿 ߐ ࠇ ߚ ‫ ޔ‬ᚑ ᨐ ߪ 9'$਄ߢ౏㐿ࠍߒ ᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߣߒߡᱷߐࠇߚ߇ᛛⴚ⊛ߦߪน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ ‫ޔ‬Ԝߎߩಽ㊁ߩࡔ࡯࡝ࡦࠣࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣࠍ߽⋡ᜰߔߎߣߣߒߚ ߘߩߚ߼ߩၮ␆
૞ᬺߪḰ஻ߢ߈ߚ ‫ޕ‬   ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩ᭎ⷐߦߟ޿ߡ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߦߟ޿ߡߪ᳓↥ቇㇱઃዻᶏᵗ⾗ḮⅣႺᢎ⢒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩታ⠌ᵴേߦหⴕߒߡ‫ޔ‬㧡᦬㧥ᣣ㨪㧝㧝ᣣ㧔᦬㨪᳓㧕᳓↥ቇㇱ✵⠌⦁ධᤊਣࠍ೑↪ߒߚ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬᳓↥ቇㇱ㑐ଥฦ૏ߩߏදജߣหⴕ⸵นߦᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߩ⹦⚦ߪᓟㅀߔࠆ߇‫ޟޔ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ߣ⊛⋡ߩ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊߩޠޘ‬᭎ⷐࠍℂ⸃ߒ‫ޔ‬૏⟎ߠߌߚ਄ߢߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ԙᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯౗ോ࡮ኾછᢎቭ߳ߩ
౏൐‫ޕ‬ԙ ᦬  ᣣ‫ޔ‬ℂቇㇱ㋈ᧁ⧷ᴦᢎ᝼ ࿾⃿ⅣႺ⑼ቇ⑼ᄙ᭽ᕈ↢‛ቇ⻠ᐳ ߦࠃࠆ  ᐕ⺞ᩏࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ߢߩ⃻࿾੐ᖱߩ⺑᣿‫ޕ‬Ԛᣢሽ࠺࡯࠲࡮⾗ᢱߣ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚ߥߤߩᦨᣂ⺞ᩏ⾗ᢱߩ౉ᚻߣᬌ⸛ࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚ਄ߢߩ⺞ᩏߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏ࿅ߩᒰೋ੍ቯ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬᭎ߨએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ߞߚ 㗅ਇห ‫ޕ‬ ᫪⣁ᐢ  ᴺᢥቇㇱ࡮⥄ὼ࿾ℂቇ࿾ᒻ⊒㆐ผߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ
 ㊁ํᔘᒾ ᳓↥ቇㇱ࡮ᶏᵗ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᶏ⮺ಽᏓ⺞ᩏ  ႦේẢਃ ℂቇㇱ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ๟ㄝᶏၞߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⺞ᩏ ဈᏎ␽ቁ ㄘቇㇱ᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏ෸߮ᧄ࿯߳ߩଚ౉߇⼊ᚓߐࠇࠆኂ⯻⒳ߩ
           ಽᏓ⏕⹺⺞ᩏኹ↰┥ᄥ᳓↥ቇㇱቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᶏ⨲↢⢒⺞ᩏ ↰ፉᐽᒄ ᢎ⢒ቇㇱ࡮ੱᢥ࿾ℂቇ        ═೑↸ߩ࿾ၞᝄ⥝ߦ߅ߌࠆቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᵴ↪ߦߟ޿ߡ ᳯญ๺ᵗ਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮↢‛⑼ቇㇱ㐷⒖౉↢‛ߦࠃࠆ          ↢ᘒ♽⎕უߣፉᎩ↢ᕷᕈ⒘ዋ㠽㘃߳ߩᓇ㗀⺞ᩏ

iv 

 ㊁↰િ৻ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࠳࠾㘃ߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ‫ޠ‬ ᣣ㜞ືᔒᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᨐ᮸⺞ᩏ෸߮ࠞࠗ఻࡮ጊ⟠╬ߦࠃࠆⵍኂ⁁ᴫ⺞ᩏᴡวᷧ  ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᶏਛ↢‛࡮ᶏጯࠧࡒ⺞ᩏ       ᢎ⢒ቇㇱ౎↰ᢎቭଐ㗬ߩ᦭ሹ⯻⺞ᩏ߽฽߻  㐳᎑ବ੺ ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ੱ㑆⻉ᵴേߩ∥〔ߣⅣႺ⽶⩄⺞ᩏ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩ⹦⚦ߣ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫  ╙ޔ‬ㇱߢౕ૕⊛ߦᾖળߒᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬  ‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫⺞ޠޘ‬ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥᜂᒰߩಽ㊁࡮ಽᜂ࡮ౝኈߩ᭎ⷐ ᧄ⺞ᩏ߽ห᭽ᚻ㗅ࠍ⚻ߡታᣉߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬Ԙࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ㇱળߢߩ✵ࠅ਄ߍ‫ޔ‬ԙ౏൐‫ޔ‬Ԛ⺞ᢛ‫ޔ‬ԛో૕ળ⼏‫ޔ‬Ԝታᣉ‫ޔ‬ԝਛ㑆ႎ๔ߩឭ಴‫ޔ‬Ԟᧄႎ๔ߩቢᚑߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᦨ⚳⊛ᜂᒰ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺಽ㊁  ᶏᵗಽ㊁  ⥄ὼ࿾ℂಽ㊁  ஜᐽ࡮කಽ㊁  ੱᢥ࡮␠ળಽ㊁  ฬߩ  ฬߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩ㊀ⶄ⠪ࠍ㒰ߊ  ฬ ᳓↥෸߮㠽㘃⺞ᩏ ࠍട߃ߚ  ฬ߇‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⋥ធߩోෳട⠪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ฦႎ๔⠪߆ࠄߩᒰೋߩ↳⺧ౝኈߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ߞߚ 㗅ਇห ‫ޕ‬
 =ㄘᬺಽ㊁?
 ౷᳗⨃ੱ㧔ㄘቇㇱ㧕᳇୥᷷ᥦൻߦ઻߁ධ⷏ፉᎩၞߦ߅ߌࠆᨐ᮸ㄘᬺߩᄌㆫ࿾
ၞ㧦ᓼਯፉ࡮ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ࡮ደਭፉ‫ޕ‬ ㆙ၔ㆏㓶㧔ㄘቇㇱ㒝ዻㄘ႐ ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ࿷᧪㘩ᢱ⾗Ḯᬀ‛ߩ⃻⁁࿾ၞ㧦ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ࡮ደਭፉ‫ޕ‬ ဈᏎ␽ቁ ㄘቇㇱ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ᣸⯻⺞ᩏ࡮ᄐᦼ࡮ᄛ㑆ࠍ฽߻ㅊട⺞ᩏ‫ޕ‬ /#-CTKO㧔ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ቴຬᢎ᝼㧕ፉᎩⅣႺ㨼㩧㩔㩩㩂㩎
&KUVTKDWVKQPRCVVGTPQHHKGNFETQRURGEKGUKPFKHHGTGPVCITQGEQNQIKECNEQPFKVKQPUQHVJG5QWVJ9GUVGTP+UNCPFUQH,CRCP ᣣ㜞ືᔒ㧔ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆᾲᏪᨐ᮸╬᦭↪ᧁᧄᬀ‛ߩ⺞ᩏ෸߮ᩱၭ਄ߩ໧㗴ὐ‫ޕ‬ =ᶏᵗಽ㊁?
ႦේẢਃ㧔ℂቇㇱ㧕ㅧ␂ࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߣߘߩ࿁ᓳ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ㧦ਈ⺰ፉ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ‫ޔ‬ደਭፉ
ᴡวᷧ㧔ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞⟲㓸ߣ⽴㘃ጀ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞
⟲㓸ߣ⽴㘃ጀ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ㧦ධ⷏⻉ፉౝߩ㧟ߟߩፉ
=ஜᐽ࡮කಽ㊁? ᳓਄ᗅᢥ කቇㇱ଻ஜቇ⑼ ධ⷏⻉ፉ⇌૞࿾Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆࡅ࠻⣺▤ነ↢⯻∝ߩㅪ⛯ᕈ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ㧦⒳ሶፉ⷏ਯ⴫Ꮢ ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ㦖ㇹ᧛ߣߩᲧセ vች⭽ᄐ⟤ කቇㇱ଻ஜቇ⑼ ዊፉᎩ࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆක≮ੱ㘃ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ㧙㣮ఽፉ⋵ർㇱፉᎩ㧔↘ፉ࡮㐳ፉ࡮ₑሶፉ╬㧕ߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠪ
ࠬ࠹ࡓ㧙
㊁↰િ৻㧔ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩၞߦ߅ߌࠆⴡ↢ኂ⯻ߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ =⥄ὼ࿾ℂಽ㊁? ᫪⣁ᐢ ᴺᢥቇㇱ ධ⷏⻉ፉߩἫጊἯ✬ᐕߦၮߠߊ࿾ᒻᄌൻߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ㧦࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉ࡮༑⇇ፉ࡮ᓼਯፉ
 2CVTKE0WPP㧔ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬ࡮᜚ὐߩᬌ⸽
 'PXKTQPOGPVCN%JCPIGKPVJG2CEKHKE$CUKPCPF+UNCPFUKP-CIQUJKOC
=ੱᢥ࡮␠ળಽ㊁?
᪀ේቄ㓶࡮የፒቁብ࡮⷏᧛᣿㧔޿ߕࠇ߽ᴺᢥቇㇱੱᢥቇ⑼ᚲዻ㧕 ᧲ࠕࠫࠕᴪᶏ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㑵‐ࠍ߼ߋࠆࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᒻᚑߩ⃻⁁࿾ၞ㧦ᓼਯፉ࡮ቝ๺ፉ㧔ᰴᐕᐲએ㒠‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽࡮㖧࿖࡮㓝ጘ࡮ጤᚻ࡮ਛ࿖ߥߤ㧕᪞Ꮉ ⧷ବ㧔ᴺᢥቇㇱ㧕ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦ߅ߌࠆፉເߩવᛚߩታᘒߣ⻉໧㗴  ࿾ၞ㧦ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ
↰ፉᐽᒄ ᢎ⢒ቇㇱ 㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩධർ MO ࠍ↢߆ߒߚ㊁⩿ߩ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߦߟ޿ߡ㧙․ߦࡃ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࠍਛᔃߦ㧙‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ㧦․ߦᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ࡮⒳ሶፉ࡮㐳ፉ㐳᎑ବ੺㧔ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩၞධർᏅ࠺࡯࠲ߩ෼㓸ߣධർፉᎩᏅ⇣ൻߣද௛‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ㧦ోፉᎩ ․ߦ↘ፉ㨪ਈ⺰ ߘࠇࠄߩᚑᨐߩ⹦⚦ࠍએਅߦ⸥ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ႎ๔ߩߺࠍ߽ߞߡᧄࡊ
ࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇ቢㆀߒߚߣߪ⠨߃ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠆ޽ࠈߒ߻ޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ޠޘ‬⎇ⓥߩࠬ࠲࡯࠻ᤨὐࠍ↹ߔࠆᚑᨐߣ⷗ߡ㗂޿ߚᣇ߇ᱜ⏕߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫⺞ࠆ߆߆ޕ‬ᩏᚻᴺߩᗧ⟵ߩ┙⸽‫ޔ‬ධർㅪ⛯ᕈࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ᜚ὐᒻᚑߩน⢻ᕈ‫࡮⊛ੱߩߘޔ‬ಽ㊁⊛࡮ᯏ㑐⊛ද௛૕೙⏕┙߳ߩࡅࡦ࠻ߣᆎേ╬‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ߎࠇࠄ߳ߩྊ⍫ࠍ㐿޿ߚ߽ߩߣ⥄⽶ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㑐ଥฦ૏ߩᦝߥࠆදജߣߏഥ⸒ࠍᦼᓙߔࠆ߽ߩߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ㇱળㇱળ㐳  ႦේẢਃ           หㇱળᜂᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ຬ  㐳᎑ବ੺vi⋡ᰴ        ߪߓ߼ߦ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 ႦේẢਃ࡮㐳᎑ବ੺   K╙Σㇱ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏ㨪ධᤊਣߦࠃࠆቝᴦፉ࡮ቝᴦะፉ⺞ᩏ㨪
1 ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩ᭎ⷐߣ⺞ᩏߩ⚻✲㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㐳᎑ବ੺3
2 ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ࿾ᒻ̆ቝᴦፉ̆㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯᫪⣁ᐢ11
3 ቝᴦፉߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ↢ᕷ⁁ᴫ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ႦේẢਃ 14
4 ቝᴦ⟲ፉቝᴦፉߩᶏ↥⽴㘃⋧㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ᴡว ᷧ 16
5 ⮋ධᶏၞߩᵹࠇ⮺ࠕࠞࡕࠢ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㊁ํᔘ⑲࡮ፉⴼኡ⋓࡮਄ᴦ⌀਽࡮ኹ↰┥ᄥ 18
6 ቝᴦ⟲ፉ  ᐕ  ᦬ߩ᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߡ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ဈᏎ␽ቁ 22
7 ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߢߩⰆߩណ㓸ᚑ❣㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㊁↰િ৻ 25
8 ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߦ߅ߌࠆ㠽㘃࠮ࡦࠨࠬ⺞ᩏ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ᳯญ๺ᵗ 26
9 ቝᴦኅፉߩ᦭↪᮸⒳෸߮࠙ࠨࠡኂߩ⺞ᩏ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ᣣ㜞ືᔒ 30
10 ═ᴕ↸ߩ࿾ၞᝄ⥝ߦ߅ߌࠆቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᵴ↪ߦߟ޿ߡቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩᚑᨐႎ๔ᦠ ⷐᣦ ---㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯↰ፉᐽᒄ 35
11 ቝᴦ⟲ፉੱ㑆⻉ᵴേߩ∥〔ߣⅣႺ⽶⩄⺞ᩏ  㨪ผ⊛ᒻ〔ߣ✚᜝⊛ⅣႺ⾰ߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼⺞ᩏ㨪㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㐳᎑ବ੺ 38╙Τㇱᣂ‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫ ޠޘ‬ᐕᐲႎ๔
1 㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩፉ‫ޘ‬㧙ᄥᐔᵗߩ࿾ℂቇ⠪ߩශ⽎㧙㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ࡄ࠻࡝࠶ࠢ D. ࠽ࡦ 47
2 㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗἫጊἯߦၮߠߊቢᣂ਎ᶏᚑᲑਐߩ✬ᐕ⒳ሶፉߣደਭፉߩ
੐଀߆ࠄ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯᫪⣁ᐢ58
3 ࠗࠪࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߣߘߩ࿁ᓳ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ႦේẢਃ࡮ዊ㊁ୃഥ 65
4 㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞⟲㓸ߦಽᏓߔࠆ⽴㘃㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ᴡวᷧ㨯๺↰⡛ሶ㨯⥝స᮸67
5 ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ᣸⯻⋧㧙㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯߅ࠃ߮ධ⷏⻉ፉߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅ㧙㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ဈᏎ␽ቁ࡮ᵤ↰ൎ↵72
6 㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩၞߦ߅ߌࠆⰆߣ࠳࠾ߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㊁↰િ৻82
7 ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ♮✢⯻∝ߩㅪ⛯ᕈ㨯㨯㨯㨯᳓਄ᗅᢥ࡮Ḵญౖሶ࡮᧻የᢅ᣿ 87

vii

8 ਈ⺰ፉߩ᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆක≮ੱ㘃ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ ̆ ⍮ߩ⽷↥ߣߒߡߩ㜞㦂⠪ ̆㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ች⭽ᄐ⟤ 95
9 ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩㄘᬺߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯౷᳗⨃ੱ 107
10 ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆᾲᏪ࡮੝ᾲᏪᨐ᮸㘃ߩᩱၭ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ᣣ㜞ືᔒ 125
11 ࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆᩱၭߦ߅ߌࠆࡃࡦࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘ߅ࠃ߮ධ⷏⻉ፉߩᲧセ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ࠕࡉ࠼࡞ ࠞ࡝ࡓ࡮ᣣ㜞ືᔒ 134
12 ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦ߅ߌࠆ࿷᧪㘩↪⾗Ḯᬀ‛ߩ⃻⁁㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㆙ၔ㆏㓶࡮᧻੗ᱜ⟵ 143
13 㣮ఽፉ⋵ߦ߅ߌࠆࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ࡝࡟㧙಴⩄ߦߟ޿ߡ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯↰ፉᐽᒄ 149
14 ᄶ⟤᳃⻦ߩᧂ᧪㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯᪞Ꮉ⧷ବ 160
15 ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ߅ࠃ߮ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ߦ㑐ߔࠆᲧセ⎇ⓥ㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯⷏᧛᣿࡮᪀ේቄ㓶࡮የፒቁብ 167
16 㣮ఽፉፉᎩߩධർද௛ߣᏅ⇣ൻ 㨪ፉᎩၞධർᏅߩ⹺⼂࡮࠺࡯࠲࡮ㅪ⛯ᕈᄌൻళ୥ߩ෼㓸㨪㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㐳᎑ବ੺ 180

viii

ContentsPartΣ
A Field Study at Uttchima Island and Ujimukae Island in the Uji Islands
by Nansei-Maru
1 Outline and Progress for Field Study to Uji Islands by Nansei-Maru㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯NAGASHIMA Shunsuke 3
2 Landform of Uttchima Island, Uji Islands㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯MORIWAKI Hiroshi 11
3 Corals in the infra-littoral zone at Uttchima Island㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯TSUKAHARA Junzo

14

4 Mollusk Fauna at Uttchima Island in Uji Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯KAWAI Kei 16
5 On the Drift Seaweed Sargassum horneri Found in the South of Kagoshima
Prefecture, Japan
㨯㨯NORO Tadahide, SHIMABUKURO Hiromori,UEJI Shinya, TERADA Ryuta 18
6 On the insect faunal survey of Uji Islands in May 2005
㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯SAKAMAKI Yoshitaka 22
7 Mosquitoes collected on Uttchima Island, Uji Islands㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯NODA Shinichi 25
8 A brief survey of birds at Uttchima Islet in Uji Islands㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯EGUCHI Kazuhiro 26
9 Tree plants of Tree plants of Uttchima Island㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯HIDAKA Tetsushi 30
10 Practical Use of Uji Islands in Kasasa Town Development㨯㨯TAJIMA Yasuhiro 35
11 Inprint of Human Activities and Environmental Disturbances on the
Uninhibited Island: Uji Islands 㧙Field Study for Check the Historical Traceand the Quality of Comprehensive Environment㧙㨯 㨯NAGASHIMA Shunsuke 38
Part Τ
A Progrees Report on New Michi(Rout) no(of) Shimazima(Islands) Project 2005
1 Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture:impressions of a Pacific geographer㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯Patrick D. NUNN 47
2 Holocene Marine-Terrace Chronology based on Kikai-Akahoya Tephra
in Yakushima and Tanegashima Islands, south Japan㨯㨯㨯MORIWAKI Hiroshi58
3 Natural recovery of corals from the bleaching damages
㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯TSUKAHARA Junzo, ONO Shusuke 65
4 Mollusks in Soft Coral Community in Kagoshima Prefecture

ix㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯KAWAI Kei, WADA Shoko, OKI Katuki67
5 Insect faunal survey of Uji-Gunto Islands, Kagoshima Japan: faunal association
between mainland of Kagoshima and Nansei Islands㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯SAKAMAKI Yositaka and TSUDA Katsuo 72
6 Studies on mosquitoes and chiggers in the island area of Kagoshima Prefecture㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯NODA Shinichi82
7 Epidemiological distribution of strongyloidiasis in the South-Western
Islands, Japan㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯MINAKAMI Korebumi, MIZOGUCHI Noriko and MATSUO Toshiaki 87
8 Medical anthropology-research on the health care system of YORON Island
㧙 Folk Medical System of YORON Island 㧙㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯MIYAZONO Natsumi

95

9 Present state and future of agriculture in Amami-oshima archipelago㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯TOMINAGA Shigeto 107
10 Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Production in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯HIDAKA Tetsushi 125
11 Similarities and Dissimilarities in Sugarcane Cultivation between Bangladesh
and Japan㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯Md. Abdul KARIM, HIDAKA Tetsushi 134
12 Present state of the native food resources plants in the Amami-Ohshima㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯ONJO Michio, MATSUI Seigi 143
13 A seasonal sift of potato production area in Kagoshima Prefecture㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯TAJIMA Yasuhiro 149
14 The Future of Amami Folk Songs㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯YANAGAWA Hidetoshi 160
15 Comparative Studies of Bullfights in Okinawa, Tokunoshima, and Uwajima㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯Nishimura Akira, Kuwahara Sueo, Ozaki Takahiro 167
 16 A Field Study and Data Collection for Sensor Zone Setting on Kagoshima Chain
Islands from South to North 㧙For Collaboration and Differentiation
between the Islands㧙㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯㨯 NAGASHIMA Shunsuke 180

1

╙Σㇱ
 ቝ ᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏ㨪ධᤊਣߦࠃࠆቝᴦፉ࡮ቝᴦะፉ⺞ᩏ㨪

Part Σ
A Field Study at Uttchima Islandand Ujimukae Island in the Uji Islands
by Nansei-Naru3ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩ᭎ⷐߣ⺞ᩏߩ⚻✲㐳᎑ବ੺ 㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

Outline and Progress for Field Study to Uji Islands byNansei-Maru
NAGASHIMA Shunsuke
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University╙㧝ㇱ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩ᭎ⷐߣ⺞ᩏߩ⚻✲ ੐೨ᖱႎߣ⏕⹺૞ᬺቝᴦ⟲ፉߣ⨲၂⟲ፉ෺ᣇߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᣢሽ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߥߤߩ෼㓸ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᣣᧄ㔌ፉ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯࡮ධᣣᧄᣂ⡞⺰⺑ᆔຬ࡮㣮ఽፉᄢቇᣢᓔ⺞ᩏ࡮═ᴕ↸ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ࡮═ᴕ↸Ṫද࡮㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚࡮↘ፉㇹ࿯⾗ᢱ㙚࡮ⅣႺ⋭╬ߩઁ‫࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ᬌ⚝࡮ฦ⒳࿾ᒻ౮⌀ߥߤࠍᵴ↪ߒߚ‫ޕ‬=⨲၂⟲ፉ?ဌࡁጧධ⷏⚂  জ‫ޔ‬਄ࡁፉ M টᮡ㜞 O ਛࡁፉਅࡁፉ╬ᕆፋߥዊፉ߆ࠄߥࠆ‫✽ޕ‬ᢥ࡮ฎზㆮ〔߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᚢ೨ߦߪࠞ࠷ࠝṪቄ▵ቯ૑߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ῂ㋶⍹ណข߽ߥߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᤘ๺  ᐕἮบ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᚢᓟߪἮบߦ⡯ຬ߇Ᏹ㚢ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕࡋ࡝ࡐ࡯࠻ᑪ⸳ᤨߦㆮ〔⺞ᩏ߇ὑߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࿯ེ࡮⍹ᢼ࡮㤥ᦐ

⍹ߥߤߩઁ‫ޔ‬㗇ᕺེ࡮⡊㘼ࠅߥߤ߽಴࿯ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬੝ᾲᏪᬀ‛⟲ ࠕࠦ࠙࡮ࡂࡑ
ࡆࡢ࡮ࠪࡑࠣࡢ࡮ࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽࡮ࡆࡠ࠙╬ ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿾߿ฦ࿾ߩࡆࡠ࠙ፉ߇
੝ᾲᏪߩർ㒢ߣߔࠆᜰ៰߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉࠃࠅ߿߿ධㇱߦ૏⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᗧ๧ߢ߽ਔ⟲ፉߪ‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫⺞ޠޘ‬ᩏ⎇ⓥߩᬌ⸛ኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗧ⟵ߩ޽ࠆ࿾ၞߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ࿖ᜰቯߩ․೎㠽₞଻⼔඙ ਄ߩፉߪ․೎଻⼔࿾඙ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮧዋ⒳࠙ࡒࠬ࠭ࡔ࡮ࡂࡗࡉࠨߣ‫ޔ‬㓸࿅❥ᱺ࿾ࠝࠝࡒ࠭࠽ࠡ㠽࡮ࠞ࠷ࠝ㠽߇․ߦ᦭ฬߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ⅣႺ⋭ߦᜰቯ㑐ㅪ⾗ᢱࠍ౉ᚻߩ਄‫ޔ‬ᚻ⛯߈ߦߟ޿ߡ⏕⹺ߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬਄㒽⸵นߪ․೎ߦᔅⷐߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ណ㓸⑌ᱛߣ❥ᱺᦼ㈩ᘦߪ෩቞ߔߴ߈࡞࡯࡞ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ἦบߪ‫઀࡞ࠞࠫࡠࠦࠛޔ‬᭽ ⥄േ⸥㍳࡮࠰࡯࡜࡯ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪߡߟ߆ޕ‬Ἦบ቞߇૑ࠎߢ޿ߚ߇‫ߪ੹ޔ‬ήੱߢᤨ‫ޘ‬ὐᬌߦⴕߊ‫ޕ‬Ἦบߦⴕߊ㆏ߣធጯᣉ⸳ߪᶏ਄
଻቟ᐡ▤ℂ࿾ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬਄㒽ߩ႐วߪ৻⸒੐೨ߦㅪ⛊߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣߩߎ



4ߣߢ޽ࠆ‫᾽ޕ‬บ ᄥ㓁㔚ᳰ ⃻⁁࡮㊒ࠅੱߩࡑ࠽࡯ߩ⃻⁁‫⼔଻ޔ‬඙▤ℂߩ⃻ᴫ߽ⷐ⏕⹺੐㗄ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
=ቝᴦ⟲ፉ?ᨉፒᏒߩ⷏⚂ MO‫ޕ‬ਥፉߪቝᴦፉ ‫߽ߣޠ߹ߜߞ߁ޟ‬๭߱‫ޕ‬೎ฬኅፉ M টᮡ㜞 O ߣቝᴦะ ߻߆߃ ፉ M টᮡ㜞 O ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᶏ㘩ፗߢ࿐߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭ਎ࠃࠅṪᬺၮ࿾ߣߒߡ೑↪ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦፉߦߪࠞ࠷ࠝඨടᎿၮ
࿾߽޽ߞߚ‫⃜ޕ‬ℬណ㓸߽ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬᣿ᴦਛ㗃ߦߪ  ਎Ꮺ߶ߤߩቄ▵ቯ૑߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߩࠝ࠷ࠞޕ‬ᄢ↥࿾‫ߪᤨ৻ޔ‬ᵴ㝼ㆇ៝⦁  ήേജ⦁  ߢ⏷ᑪ✂࡮⏷⁚ೝ✂࡮߈߮ߥߏೝ✂࡮⏷ㅊㄟ✂࡮ዊဳቯ⟎✂࡮৻ᧄ㊒ࠅᄙⷺ⊛Ṫᴺࠍ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚߣߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ ޕ‬টߩ⚊ደ  ฬߩṪᏧߩᤨઍ߽޽ߞߚ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᵴ㝼ߪᤘ๺ᤨ㑆໧㗴‫ޔ‬᷼ߪṪ⦁ߩേജൻ࡮ᄢဳൻߢ‫ޔ‬ၮ࿾ߣߒߡߪㆡߐߥߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᤘ ᐕ㣮ఽፉᄢቇቇⴚ⺞ᩏ࿅ߩታ❣߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿾ฬߦ߽ᒰᤨߩ᳓↥ቇㇱ㐳࡮ℂቇㇱ㐳࡮࿾ℂቇ㑐ଥ⠪╬ ᷡౝጪ‫ޔ‬ᵄᄙᳯጧ╬ ߩઁ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ⺞ᩏදജ⠪ߢ޽ࠆධᣣᧄ
ᣂ⡞␠ߩฬ ධᣣጪ ߇ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿾ฬߪߘࠇએ೨ߦᱜᑼߩ↳⺧ᚻ⛯߈ߢ⊓㍳ߐ
ࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ห⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ߇↢߆ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ ห㇭ፉߩ࿾ᒻ࿾⾰⸥タߪᵄᄙᳯ  ᐕ߇ᦨೋߢ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩ⸓ᱜㅊട߹ߢ໑৻ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᚑᨐߪ␠ળ⊛ߦ߽ࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߩ޽ࠆ‛ߢ‫═ޔ‬ᴕࠍᆎ߼‫ޔ‬๟ㄝṪදࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ‫ޟ‬ቝᴦṪㅪ‫ޟޔࠅߚߒ┙⸳ࠍޠ‬㐿⊒⸘↹‫ߩ߳ޠ‬ᗧ᰼ࠍ㑐ଥ⠪ߦ༐⿠ߒߚࠅߒߚ‫ޕ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇߩ⺞ᩏߪ  ᐕ  ᐕߦ߽㒽਄↢ᘒ♽⺞ᩏ߇ὑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩ੹࿁⺞ᩏߪߘߩㅪ⛯ᕈ⏕଻ߩᗧ๧ߢ߽ᗧ⟵ᷓ޿߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬ቝᴦፉዊᶆᵄᱛ
ߪ V ⦁⥾߇ነ᷼ߢ߈ࠆㆱ㔍᷼ߦᜰቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ᤘ๺  ᐕ㨪ᐔᚑ  ᐕᎿ੐ ‫ޕ‬߹ߚᤘ๺  ᐕᑪ▽ߩṪᬺ⠪ะߌߩ◲ᤃኋᴱᣉ⸳〔߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ධᣣጪߦ޽ࠆቝᴦፉ
Ἦบߪ᧲ࠕࠫࠕ⻉࿖߆ࠄߩ⦁⥾ߦ߽㊀ⷐߢ‫ޔ‬ήੱ࡮࠰࡯࡜࡯ᑼߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㒽਄ⅣႺ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿕᦭⒳₸ߩ㜞޿㒽↥⽴‫ޔ‬࿖ᜰቯᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ߩࠞ࡜ࠬ㡀‫ޔ‬᣸⯻㘃ߢߪࠢࡠࠗࡢ࠷ࠢ࠷ࠢ࡮ࡑࡔࠢࡢࠟ࠲ߥߤߩႎ๔߽޽ࠆ‫⃜ߚ߹ޕ‬ℬ㘃⺞ᩏ⸥
㍳߽౉ᚻߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᶏၞߩㅘ᣿ᐲ߽Ყセ⊛㜞޿‫ޕ‬๟ㄝᶏၞߪ߆ߞߡߪቲ⍹⃜ℬߩណ㓸࿾ߢ߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᱧผ⊛⚻✲߆ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬บ㘑ⵍኂผ ᣿ᴦ  ᐕ  ੱㆣ㔍ߩቝᴦᎹᵹࠇ ࡮ࠞ࠷ࠝඨടᎿᣉ⸳࡮ ਎Ꮺቄ▵ቯ૑⸥㍳࡮Ṫᴺᄌൻߦ઻߁૶↪ᄌㆫผ࡮ᤘ๺  ᐕ㣮ఽፉᄢቇቇⴚ⺞ᩏ࿅ߩᚑᨐߣߩᲧセߥߤߩ࠹࡯ࡑ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߦ㑐ߒߡ߽‫߅ߥ੹ޔ‬ዮᜰߩṪ႐ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㊒ࠅ߿࠳ࠗࡆࡦࠣߩ᦭ജ᜚ὐߣߥࠅ㊒ࠅቴࠧࡒ߿ࡑ࠽࡯໧㗴‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢߪጊ⟠ ะፉ ߿ࠞࠗ఻❥ᱺ ቝᴦፉ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᒰὼߥ߇ࠄᄖ᧪⒳ ߥߤߦࠃࠆⅣႺⵍኂߥߤ߇ⷐ⏕⹺੐㗄ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ήੱፉ೑↪
⸘↹ߣߒߡ‫ ޔ‬ᐕᧃ໧㗴ߦߥߞߚᩭᑄ᫈‛ಣℂ࡮⾂⬿ᣉ⸳᭴ᗐߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬㘂ᧃ‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦήੱፉ࡟ࠢ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠛࠦ࠷ࠕ࡯᜚ὐߣߒߡߩ೑↪ߦ㑐ࠊࠆน⢻ᕈߩᬌ⸛߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
=⺞ᩏߦᒰߚࠅਥߣߒߡ੐೨ߦ౒หߢෳ⠨ߦߒߚᣢᓔ⺞ᩏ?





5

C‫ޟ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ⅣႺ଻ో࿾඙୥⵬࿾⺞ᩏ‫ ޠ‬ᐕ ࠨࡦࠧ㘃ㅘ᣿ᐲ ‫ޕ‬ቝᴦፉⵍᐲΥะፉΤ‫࠺࠻ࡅ࠾ࠝޔ‬㘩ኂ‫ࠬࠝࡆࠝ࡞࠹ޔ‬ᶏ✎ⵍኂ ᐕ ⋡┙ߞߚⵍኂήߒ ࠝ࠾ࡅ࠻࠺ߪ⧯ᐓ᦭ D‫┙⋵ޟ‬ඳ‛㙚⺞ᩏ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ⷏ᣣᧄᣂ⡞ ‫ ޠ‬ᐕ ㊁↢ൻߒߚጊ⟠࡮ࠞࠗ࠙ࠨࠡ࡮࡮࡮࿕᦭⒳ࠝࠝࠗ࠰ࡁࠡࠢ࡮࠽ࡦࠧࠢࠕࠝࠗᬀ‛⟲ߩ㘩ኂ߇ߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ ࠲ࡢ࠙࠻ࡦ࠮࠙ࡈޔ‬࿾రṪᬺ⠪߇ᬀᩱ ߪ߶߷უṌ⁁ᘒ‫ޕ‬E‫┙⋵ޟ‬ඳ‛㙚⺞ᩏ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣධᣣᧄᣂ⡞⸥੐ ‫ ޠ‬ᐕ‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⌁ࠆ⼾߆ߥ࿕᦭⒳‫═ޠ‬ᴕ↸ߩධ⷏ᴒ⚂৾චࠠࡠߦᶋ߆߱ቝᴦ⟲ፉߪኅፉ‫ޔ‬ะፉߩੑፉߣዊፉ߆ࠄߥࠆἫጊᕈߩήੱፉ⟲‫߽߹޿ޕ‬ᚻߟ߆ߕߩ⥄ὼ߇ᱷࠅห⟲ፉߦߒ߆↢ᕷߒߥ޿േᬀ‛߽ᄙ޿‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿕᦭⒳ߩᮡᧄណขࠍ⋡⊛ߦ̆ ᣣⴕࠊࠇߚ㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚ߩ⃻࿾⺞ᩏߦหⴕߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ട਎↰ᡰዪ࡮ᣂ⇐ᶈᐔ㧕 ห⟲ፉߢ㜞޿࿕᦭⒳₸ࠍභ߼ࠆߩ߇㒽↥⽴‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⽴㘃ቇળຬߩⴕ↰⟵ਃߐࠎ㧩㣮ఽፉᏒ㧩ߦࠃࠆߣ‫↢ޔ‬ᕷ✚ᢙߦභ߼ࠆ࿕᦭⒳₸ߪኅፉ 㧑‫ޔ‬ะፉ 㧑ߦ਄ࠆ‫ߪࠗࡑࠗࡑ࠙࠻ࡦࠣࠫ࠙ޕ‬Ზᓘ ̆ ࠮ࡦ࠴ߦ߽ߥࠆ⋵ౝᦨᄢ⒳‫ޕ‬㣮ఽፉᄢߩቇ↢߇⊒⷗ߒߚࡓࠦ࠙ࠫࡑࠦࠡ࠮࡞ߪ᮸਄ߢ↢ᵴߔࠆ‫ࡑ࠼࠙ࡠࡆ࠹ࡔࠫࡂޕ‬ࠗࡑࠗߪᲖߩ⴫㕙ߩ❫Ძ߇․ᓽ‫ޕ‬࿕᦭⒳ߢߪߥ޿߽ߩߩ↢ᕷ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ⃟ߒ޿↢߈‛߽޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㠽㘃ߢߪ࿖ߩᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ࠞ࡜ࠬࡃ࠻‫ޔ‬᣸⯻㘃ߢߪ࠮ࡒߩ৻⒳ࠢࡠ
ࠗࡢ࠷ࠢ࠷ࠢ‫ޕߛߤߥ࠲ࠟࡢࠢࡔࡑߩ⑼ࠪࡓ࠲ࠟࡢࠢޔ‬ ห⟲ፉߩጤ⋚ߪࡑࠣࡑߢߢ߈ߚ቟ጊጤ߫߆ࠅߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ะፉߩධ┵ߢߪߚ޿Ⓧጤߩ࿾ጀࠍ⏕⹺‫ޕ‬᪀᳓ᵹᷕੑቇ⧓ਥ੐㧔࿾⾰㧕ߪ‫޿ߚޟ‬Ⓧጤߩ࿾ᒻ߇޽ߞߚߣߎ
ࠈߦਅ߆ࠄ቟ጊጤ߇㓉⿠ߒߚߩߢߪ‫ޕࠆߺߣޠ‬FᎹ┄િశ‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ࡮ᬀ‛⋡㍳‫ޠ‬ධ⮋ߩ⥄ὼ࡮㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚 ᐕ 
G ᤘ๺  ᐕ㣮ᄢ᳓↥ቇㇱߩቇⴚ⺞ᩏ࡮࡮࡮ߎࠇࠍၮߦቝᴦ⟲ፉ㐿⊒⸘↹ ࡎ࡯ࡓ࡯㗁 ቝᴦ⟲ፉ౒ห  ṪදṪᬺᮭ࡮࡮‫ޟ‬ቝᴦṪᬺ↢↥⚵ว‫ޠ‬ᤘ๺  ᐕI ቝᴦṪㅪߦ߽ട⋖ߔࠆ↸Ṫද⚵ว㐳ߪᩭᑄ᫈‛ಣಽ႐⺃⥌ࠍឭ᩺ ᐕᧃߦ᠗࿁ ߒߚ═ᴕ↸㐳ߩఱߢ‫ޔ‬ห᩺ߦߣ߹ߤ޿ࠍ⴫᣿‫࡮࡮ޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⾗Ḯ࡮Ṫㅪผ߿೑↪⸘↹ߦ㑐ߔࠆၮᧄ⹺⼂╬߽ⷐ⺞ᩏ੐㗄ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ ޕ‬ห੐᩺ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥੐ߥߤߩ⹦⚦ߪഀᗲ J ‫═ޡ‬ᴕ↸ผ‫ޟޢ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉ࡮⨲၂⟲ፉߩ࿾ᒻ‫ޠ‬RRධᣣጪ࡮࡮ධᣣᧄᣂ⡞␠ ⺞ᩏදജ ᷡౝጪጊᧄᷡౝೋઍ᳓↥ቇㇱ㐳  ᐕ⺞ᩏ࿅㐳 ᵄᄙᳯጧ
ᵄᄙᳯାᐢೋઍℂቇㇱ㐳 ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ࿾ᒻ࡮࿾⾰⥄ὼⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡᧄ㇌ೋ߼ߡߩ⸥タႎ๔⠪ =ᶏጯ࡮ጧ ᐕ⺞ᩏෳട⠪ฬᄙᢙ ߚߛߒౕ૕⸥タήߒⷐ⏕⹺ ?Ἦ
บ㘑ജ࡮㘑ㅦ࡮᳇࿶⥄േ᷹ቯᯏེ‫⨲ޕ‬၂Ἦบ ᐕ  ᦬ήੱൻ‫⨲ޕ‬၂ਅࡁፉ6⷏஥ጊ⣻ߦῂ㋶⍹ណ⍹ᤨߩኋ⥢࡮ᝬ㒠⸳஻ᱷ㜈  ‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ࿾⾰‫ޠ‬RRᄌ᧎቟ጊጤ‫ޕ‬㋶‛⾗Ḯน⢻ᕈߦ⸒෸‫ޕ‬ᶏᵗⷰశ࡟ࠫࡖ࡯⟲ፉߣߒߡߩᵴ↪᩺ߦ߽⸒෸‫ޟޕ‬ቝᴦ࡮⨲၂⟲ፉߩᬀ‛‫ޠ‬RR‫ޕ‬‫⨲ޟ‬၂ፉߩㆮ〔‫ޠ‬RR਄ࡁፉㆮ〔 ✽ᢥ࿯ེ࡮ᒎ↢࿯ེ࡮㗇ᕺེ࡮⍹ེ࡮⍹ ᢼ⒳ሶፉߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈ‫ޕ‬㤥ᦐ⍹ ⃻‛ᨉፒᏒ┙࿑ᦠ㙚‫ޔ‬ችၔ⋵┙✚วඳ‛㙚‫ޕ‬⍹ᣣ ᧄᦨධ┵಴࿯଀ ࡅ ࠬࠗർ㒽ߣߩ੤ᤃ߆ ‫⥝ޕ‬๧޽ࠆ⺖㗴ᛟ ₺ࡋࡦ ⁁⡊㘼ࠅᣣߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬Ṫ᠇↢ᵴએᄖߦ㗬ࠆߎߣߩ಴᧪ߥ޿ߎߩࠃ߁ߥዊፉߦ‫ޔ‬ᢿᢿ ⛯⊛ߢߪ޽ࠆ㐳 ᦼߦࠊߚߞߡ⸰ࠇߚߩ߆‫ߩߣޠ‬໧޿߆ߌ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߇‫߇ੱߗߥޔ‬㐳K 㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ╙  ภ  ᐕ ᚑየ⧷ੳઁ‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐႎ๔‫ޠ‬RRหඳ‛㙚ႎ๔ߪ‫ޔ‬࿾⾰࡮ᬀ‛࡮㠽㘃࡮᣸⯻࡮⽴㘃ߩ  ಽ㊁ߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔߇⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬L㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ╙  ภ  ᐕ᫪↰ᐽᄦ߶߆‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏႎ๔ ߘߩ  ‫ޠ‬RR
᫪↰ᐽᄦ߶߆‫⨲ޟ‬၂⟲ፉ਄ࡁፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐႎ๔‫ޠ‬RR
M㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ╙  ภ  ᐕ᪀᳓ᵹᷕੑ߶߆‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏႎ๔ ߘߩ  ‫ޠ‬RR
᪀᳓ᵹᷕੑ߶߆‫⨲ޟ‬၂⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏႎ๔ ߘߩ  ‫ޠ‬RR
N㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ╙  ภ  ᐕ᪀᳓ᵹᷕੑ‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉቝᴦፉߦಽᏓߔࠆ቟ጊጤߩ -#T ᐕઍ‫ޠ‬RR
ਛ㑆ᒄ߶߆‫⨲ޟ‬၂⟲ፉ਄ࡁፉߩⷰኤ㠽㘃⸥㍳‫ޠ‬RR
O㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚࠹࡯ࡑዷ‫࠽ࠪ᧲ޟ‬ᶏߩቅፉ ቝᴦ࡮⨲၂⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ‫ޠ‬ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣP㣮ఽፉᄢቇℂቇㇱ  ᐕ⺞ᩏ ㋈ᧁ⧷ᴦ࡮ጊᩮᱜ᳇ᢎ᝼
Qห↢ᘒ⎇⺞ᩏ    ᐕ⺞ᩏ OGTKMQIC[CUJK ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ
Rᣣᄖࠕ࠰ࠪࠛ࡯࠷‫ޡ‬ፉᎩᄢ੐ౖ‫ ޢ‬ᐕRR
S⩲↰ᱜᤘ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄߩፉ੐ౖ‫ޢ‬ਃ੤␠  ᐕRR
Tᣣᧄ㔌ፉ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫  ࠬ࠳ࡑࠪޡ‬ᐕ‫ޢ‬R

Uධᣣᧄᣂ⡞␠‫ޡ‬ᣂ࡮㣮ఽፉߩᶏ㊒ࠅ㨪ⓨ᠟ࡌࠬ࠻ࡐࠗࡦ࠻࡮⮋៺ඨፉߣ㔌ፉ✬㨪‫ ޢ‬ᐕRR ቝᴦ⟲ፉ RR ⨲၂⟲ፉ V࿖࿯࿾ℂ㒮 ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⥶ⓨ౮⌀એ਄ߩⷐᬌ⸛⺞ᩏ੐㗄ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߩ਄‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉࠍਥߣߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬࿖ᜰቯߩ㠽₞଻⼔඙․೎଻⼔࿾ၞ⨲၂㇭ፉ਄ߩፉ᾽บઃㄭߦ߽‫ޔ‬⍴ᤨ㑆ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫੍ޔ‬஻⺞ᩏ⊛਄㒽 ᩺ ࠍᬌ⸛ਛߣߒߡ┙᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬  ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߥߤߩᒰೋ੍ቯ ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ౗ോ࡮ኾછᢎቭ ৻ㇱቇᄖදജ⎇ⓥ⠪ ߳ߩ౏൐ᤨߩᖱႎ





7

ߪ‫ޔ‬᳓↥ቇㇱታ⠌࡮⺞ᩏ߳ߩหⴕ⸵นߩ߽ߣߢߩ⺞ᩏߣߒߚ਄ߢ‫ޔ‬એਅߩㅢࠅߣ
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ධᤊਣ  ࠻ࡦ‫⦁ޔ‬ຬ  ฬ‫ޔ‬᳓ਛ࠹࡟ࡆ࡮㍳↹ⵝ⟎‫ޔ‬ណ᳓ណᵆⵝ⟎‫ޔ‬಄⬿࡮಄ಓᣉ⸳ⵝ஻‫ߤߥࡌࡦࡏޔ‬ᔅⷐᢙḰ஻น‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈㇱደ߽⺞ᢛน ⺞ᩏ‫ޕ‬ ⥶ᶏᣣ⒟㧦 ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᣣ㧔᦬㨪᳓㧕ᖡᄤ୥ߩ႐วߪਛᱛ㧔ᑧᦼߥߒ㧕㧥ᣣᦺ 㣮ఽፉ᷼಴⊒‫ޔ‬หᣣඦᓟߦ೔⌕‫ޔ‬਄㒽   ᣣ ⚳ᣣ⺞ᩏ㧔⥄↱ⴕേ㧕ዊဳࡏ࡯࠻㧔㧠㧙㧡ੱਸ਼ࠅ㧕ࠍ៞タ‫ޕ‬   ᣣ Ꮻㆶߩ੍ቯ‫ޕ‬ ⴕ߈వ㧦ቝᴦ⟲ፉ౏൐ߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡߇ណᛯߐࠇߚ‫ߦߣ߽ࠍࠇߘޕ‬੐೨࡟ࠢ࠴ࡖ࡯ߣߒ
ߡℂቇㇱᬀ↢⺞ᩏႎ๔ࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬࿾ᒻ࿑ߥߤࠍ߽ߣߦฦ⥄ߩ⺞ᩏน⢻ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛ࠍᷓ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬એਅᓟᣣౣ⺞ᩏᤨߩෳ⠨ߦ߽ߥࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߩᜂᒰ⸘↹ߦߟ޿ߡឝ⸥ߔࠆ 㗅ਇห ‫✵ߚ߹ޕ‬⠌⦁⺞ᩏᣣ⒟ߩㇺว╬ߢ‫⚿ޔ‬ᨐߣߒߡࠬ࠲࡯࠻೨߆ࠄ⨲၂⟲ፉ਄㒽ߪ੹࿁ᢿᔨߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅═ᴕṪද߆ࠄߪ੐೨ߦ⺞ᩏᛚ⻌ࠍ᳓↥ቇㇱ㊁ํᢎ᝼ࠍㅢߒߡ߃ߚ‫ޕ‬


















 ᫪⣁ᐢ ᴺᢥ࡮⥄ὼ࿾ℂቇ=࿾ᒻ⊒㆐ผߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ?٤࿾Ზᄌേߦ㑐ࠊࠆᶏጯ࿾ᒻ⺞ᩏᣥᶏጯ࿾ᒻߩ⹺ቯ‫ߩߎޕ‬ፉߦߪ╙྾♿ߦ㓉⿠ߒߚ⸽᜚ߪ޽ࠆ߆‫ޕ‬٤8ἫጊἯ✬ᐕߦ㑐ࠊࠆἫጊἯ⺞ᩏ‫ޕ‬ධ਻Ꮊߢ߽ߟߣ߽⷏ᣇߦ޽ࠆፉ‫߁ࠃߩߤߢޘ‬ߥ╙྾♿ᐢၞἫጊἯ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ߆
 ㊁ํᔘᒾ ᳓↥࡮ᶏᵗ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯=ᶏ⮺ಽᏓ⺞ᩏ?਄㒽࿾ߦ߅޿ߡ⚛ẜࠅߦࠃࠆᶏ⮺⺞ᩏ‫ޕ‬ㅜਛᵹࠇ⮺ࠍᜪ߁น⢻ᕈ᦭ࠅ‫⦁ޕ‬ᄖᯏઃࡏ࡯࠻૶↪੍ቯ ቝᴦߢ  ႦේẢਃ  ℂቇ=ቝᴦ⟲ፉ๟ㄝᶏၞߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⺞ᩏ?⋡⊛㧦㐳޿㑆ੱߩ↢ᵴߩᓇ㗀ࠍᱴߤฃߌߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޔ‬㔌ፉ๟ㄝߩࠨࡦࠧ↢ᕷၞߦ߅ߌࠆᄙ᭽ߥ↢‛ߩ↢ᕷ⺞ᩏࠍߔࠆߎߣߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼⅣႺਅߢߩᶏᵗⅣႺߩ⁁ᘒࠍ⍮ࠆ਄ߢ‫⾆ޔ‬㊀ߥ࠺࡯࠲ࠍขᓧߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ਥ᭴ᚑ↢‛ߢ޽ࠆࠗࠪࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ↢ᕷ⺞ᩏߪ
㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣇᴺ㧦⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ߪৼᐲᄢầߦᒰߚࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ầ㑆Ꮺ߆ࠄầਅᏪ਄ㇱߦ߆ߌߡߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ẜ᳓ߦࠃࠆ⋥ធ⊛ߥⷰኤߣ౮⌀⸥㍳‫ࠨ߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ࡦࡊ࡞ណ㓸߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ầਅᏪߩ⺞ᩏߪ‫ޔ‬ධ⷏ਣߦ៞タߐࠇߚᶏᐩ⸥㍳ߩࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ↪޿ߡࡆ࠺ࠝ⸥㍳ࠍ᠟ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᤋ௝ࠍ⸃ᨆߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬⒖േߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ዊဳ⦁⥾㧔⦁ᄖᯏઃ߈㧕߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ဈᏎ␽ቁ ㄘቇ=᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏ෸߮ᧄ࿯߳ߩଚ౉߇⼊ᚓߐࠇࠆኂ⯻⒳ߩಽᏓ⏕⹺⺞ᩏ?ᣇᴺ޽ࠅߣ޽ࠄࠁࠆ᣸⯻ߩណ㓸 ․ߦ㒽᫮᣸⯻ ኹ↰┥ᄥ᳓↥=ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᶏ⨲↢⢒⺞ᩏ?ᣇᴺጯ߆ࠄ෶ߪࡏ࡯࠻ߢẜ᳓⺞ᩏࠍታᣉ‫ޕ‬ᣣ⒟⊛ߦน⢻ߢ޽ࠇ߫‫⺞࠵࠶࡟࠼ޔ‬ᩏ‫ޕ‬ ↰ፉᐽᒄ ᢎ⢒=⟲ፉᵴ↪⃻࿾ታᘒ⺞ᩏ═೑↸ߩ࿾ၞᝄ⥝ߦ߅ߌࠆቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᵴ↪ߦߟ޿ߡ?Ԙ ᷼ḧߩ⁁ᴫ‫ޔ‬਄㒽࿾ὐ‫ ޕ‬࿯࿾ ࿾ᒻ ⁁ᴫ‫ ޕ‬᳓ ዊᴡᎹߩᚲ࿷࿾࡮㊂ߥߤ‫ ޕ‬㆏〝 ᾽บ߹ߢߩㅢ〝ߥߤ ‫ ޕ‬ዬ૑࿾〔ߣߘߩⅣႺ ዬ૑น⢻ᕈߥߤ ‫ޕ‬ԙᲤᐕᄐ‫ޠࡊࡦࡖࠠ࡞ࡃࠗࡃࠨޟ‬ታᣉ⁁ᴫߩㅊ〔࡮⏕⹺࡮ലᨐߩᬌ⸛  ᳓ᵒ࡮ࠞ࠿࡯  㝼㊒ࠅ  ᾽บࡂࠗࠠࡦࠣ  ኋ༡࿾ ࠠࡖࡦࡊ࿾ ὐߣኋ༡࿾࡮Ἲ੐࡮᳓࡮࠻ࠗ࡟ߥߤ  ᤊᐳⷰኤ Ԛ↸ߩ⥄ὼ଻⼔᧦଀ࠍ߰߹߃ߚ
ⅣႺᢎ⢒․ߦ੖ᗵ૕㛎ߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߣߒߡߩน⢻ᕈ  㘩ᕈߩ⁁ᴫ ⥇ⷡߣ๧ⷡ෸߮⡬ⷡߩ⺞ᩏ  ⏷࡮ᶏጯߩ⁁ᴫ േᬀ‛෸߮㋶‛ ጤ⍹ߥߤ  ԛṪᬺᵴേߩታᘒߦߟ޿ߡ  ㊒ࠅቴߦࠃࠆ⻉ᓇ㗀ߩᛠី ṪᬺᮭߦၮߠߊṪᬺᵴേߩ⻉⚿ᨐ෸߮ᓇ㗀ߩᛠី ᳯญ๺ᵗ਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮↢‛⑼ቇㇱ㐷࡮㠽㘃=⒖౉↢‛ߦࠃࠆ↢ᘒ♽⎕უߣፉᎩ↢ᕷᕈ⒘ዋ㠽㘃߳ߩᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ?࡮↢ᕷᢙ⺞ᩏ ㊁↰િ৻ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯=࠳࠾㘃ߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ? ᣣ㜞ືᔒᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ =ᨐ᮸⺞ᩏ෸߮ࠞࠗ఻࡮ጊ⟠╬ߦࠃࠆⵍኂ⁁ᴫ⺞ᩏ? ᴡวᷧ ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ =ᶏਛ↢‛࡮ᶏጯࠧࡒ⺞ᩏ?ᢎ⢒ቇㇱ౎↰ᢎቭଐ㗬ߩ᦭ሹ⯻⺞ᩏ߽฽߻ 㐳᎑ବ੺ ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ =ੱ㑆⻉ᵴേߩ∥〔ߣⅣႺ⽶⩄⺞ᩏ?





9

⺞ᢛ࡮਎⹤ᓎߩઁ‫ੱޔ‬㑆⻉ᵴേߩ∥〔ߣⅣႺ⽶⩄⺞ᩏࠍⴕ߁‫ޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩኅፉ㧦ㆱ㔍ᣉ⸳࡮૑ዬ〔࿾࡮ቝᴦᎹᵹࠇㆣ㔍⎼‫ޕ‬Ṫᬺ⠪↪◲ᤃኋᴱᣉ⸳ߩ⃻⁁‫ޕ‬ᶏ㒐㑐ଥ‫᾽ޕ‬บ ᄥ㓁㔚ᳰ ߶߆ߩ⃻⁁‫ޕ‬㊒ࠅੱߩࡑ࠽࡯ߩ⃻⁁ 㒽਄ߩࠧࡒ᡼⟎‫ޔ‬㙄࡮Ṫౕߥߤߩ᡼⟎ߘߩઁ࡮࡮৻ㇱᶏਛ ‫ޕ‬㊒ࠅੱઁߩ೑↪⠪ߦ⡬߈ขࠅ‫ޕ‬ᶏጯࠧࡒ㧔 ૞ᬺදജ㧕‫࡮ࠡࠨ࠙ޕ‬ጊ⟠ߥߤߩᄖ᧪⒳ⵍኂ ⸵ߐࠇࠆ▸࿐ߢኾ㐷ኅߦ㓐ⴕ ‫ޕ‬࿕᦭⒳ࠝࠝࠗ࠰ࡁࠡࠢ࡮࠽ࡦࠧࠢࠕࠝࠗᬀ‛⟲ߩ㘩ኂ ห ‫ ࠲ࡢ࠙࠻ࡦ࠮࠙ࡈޕ‬࿾రṪᬺ⠪߇ᬀᩱ ߩ⃻⁁ ห ‫ޕ‬㧕⺞ᩏᵴേ᭎ᴫ ෳടੱᢙ㧦᳓↥ቇㇱ஥  ฬ ᢎቭ  ฬ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢  ฬ ‫ޔ‬ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯஥ ฬ⸘  ฬ 
 =᳓↥ቇㇱቇ↢ෳട⠪?਄ᴦ⌀਽ ᳓↥ᢎຬ㙃ᚑ⺖⒟㧠ᐕ  㒝ዻᶏᵗ⾗ḮⅣႺᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
ᳯፒ⡡  ᳓↥ቇ⑼⾗Ḯࠦ࡯ࠬ㧠ᐕ ᳓↥ቇ⑼⾗Ḯ⢒ᚑ⻠ᐳᎹญജ਽ ᳓↥ቇ⑼⾗Ḯࠦ࡯ࠬ㧠ᐕ 㒝ዻᶏᵗ⾗ḮⅣႺᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
ᩑፒᥓᐢ ᳓↥ቇ⑼✚วࠦ࡯ࠬ㧠ᐕ 㒝ዻᶏᵗ⾗ḮⅣႺᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ಴⊒ᒰᣣߪ‫ޔ‬ᅢᄤߦᕺ߹ࠇߡ಴⥶‫ޕ‬ㅜਛᶏ਄ᵹࠇ⮺ណ㓸ߦᄢ߈ߥᚑᨐࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬ᴪ ጯ⻉࿖߆ࠄߩ
ߎࠇߪ㊁ํ࡮ኹ↰ႎ๔ߦ߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫⎇ޠޘ‬ⓥߦ‫ޔ‬ᴪ
↢‛⒖േ࡮ᶏᵗᶋㆆ‛⒖േ⺞ᩏ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ┙⸽ߔࠆ‛ߣߥߞߚ‫ࠄࠇߘޕ‬૞ᬺ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉᴒว஗ᴱ࿾ὐ೔⌕߇‫ޔ‬ᄕᣇࠍㆊ߉ߚ‫ޕ‬᣸⯻ߩᄛ㑆ណขน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠅ‫ ޔ‬ฬߦࠃࠆᄕᣇ਄㒽ߩน⢻ᕈ߽ᬌ⸛ߒḰ஻ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ㅜਛߩᵹࠇ⮺ណขߩᚑᨐ߽޽ࠅ‫੍ޔ‬ቯࠍᄌᦝߒ ࡝ࠬࠢࠍㆱߌߡᥧ㑧਄㒽ߪⴕࠊߥ޿ߎߣߣߒ ߚ‫ޕ‬
஗ᴱ࿾ߪ㆙ᣇߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ߩ⦁ޔ‬Ἦࠅ߼߇ߌߡ‫ޔ‬᣸⯻߽⧯ᐓ㘧᧪ߒߡ߈ߚߩߢ‫⦁ޔ‬਄ណ㓸߽⹜ߺߚ‫ߩ⦁ޔ߽ࠞࠗ߿ࠝ࠙ࡆ࠻ޕ‬๟ࠅߦ᧪ߚߩߢ࠲ࡕߢណ㓸ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ⦁ᄖࡆ࠺ࠝ᠟ᓇⵝ⟎ߪ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ፉߩᄖ߆ࠄߩࡏ࡯࠻⒖േߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ߒ↪૶ޔ‬ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⠉ᣣߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᩰ⊛ߥᑯᒰࠍḰ஻޿ߚߛ߈‫ޔ‬ዊဳࡏ࡯࠻ߢኅፉߦ਄㒽‫ోޕ‬ຬ♖ജ⊛ߦ⺞ᩏߦขࠅ⚵߻‫ޕ‬ ═ᴕ߿㐳ፉㄭㄝ߆ࠄߩṪ⦁߽ᢙ㓲⷗߆ߌߚ‫ޕ‬ኅፉߩㆱ㔍᷼ߪ⼔ጯ߿᭴ㅧ‛ߪ⨹ᵄߦߐࠄߐࠇߟߟ߽㗎ᒝᕈࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡ߈ߚ‛ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬஗ᴱਛߩᄦᇚṪᏧ߿Ფᐕߎߩᤨᦼ᧪ࠆߣ޿߁⒳ሶፉ߆ࠄߩ㊒ࠅࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㆐ߣߩᖱႎ੤឵߽ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ᤤ߆ࠄߪ‫ ޔ‬ฬ߇ะፉߦࡏ࡯࠻ߢ⒖േߒ‫ޔ‬᳓ਛਗ߮ߦᶏጯ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߩ᭎ⷐߪએਅߩႎ๔ߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ߇ࠆ޽ߢߣߎ߈ߴߔ⸥․ޔ‬᣸⯻⺞ᩏᚑᨐ߽ᗧ⟵ᷓ޿‛߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄐߦဈᏎ߇
ㅊട⺞ᩏߦ⃻࿾ࠍ⸰ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ㇱಽߪ‫  ╙ޔ‬ㇱߦឝタߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᧄ⺞ᩏߪᢙ‫ߩޘ‬ᚑᨐࠍᱷߒߚ‫ޕ‬ήੱፉ⺞ᩏߩᗧ⟵߽⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬Ⓧߺᱷߒ⺖㗴߽߹ߛ⧯ᐓ޽ࠅ‫ޟߪߦࠄߐޔ‬㆏ߩፉ‫ޠޘ‬਄ߩઁߩήੱፉ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߣߩ10Ყセ߽㊀ⷐߢᗧ⟵ᷓ޿߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫⺞ࠆ߆߆ޔ‬ᩏߩᜬ⛯ߘߩ߽ߩ߽ᄢ
ᄌᗧ⟵ᷓߊ‫ߩ⛯⛮ޔ‬ᔅⷐᕈࠍᒝߊ⹺⼂ߔࠆ‛ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⺞ᩏߦߪ‫⾗ޔ‬ᢱឭଏߥߤߢᄙᄢߥදജࠍᗂߒ߹ߥ޿ᣇ‫߽ߦޘ‬ᕺ߹ࠇߚ‫ࠄߐޕ‬ߦ⺞ᩏ✵⠌⦁ߢߩኅፉ⟲ፉ਄㒽ߩታ⃻ࠍน⢻ߦߒߚ‫ޔ‬᳓↥ቇㇱߣࠅࠊߌධᤊਣ㑐ଥ⠪ߦߎߩ႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬ෘ޿ᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
ᢥ⽿㐳᎑ବ੺  =౮⌀?ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏోෳട⠪ ධᤊਣ⦁਄ 






















11

ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ࿾ᒻ̆ቝᴦፉ̆᫪⣁ᐢ㣮ఽፉᄢቇᴺᢥቇㇱ

Landform of Uttchima Island, Uji Islands
MORIWAKI Hiroshi
Faculty of Law, Economics and the Humanities, Kagoshima University ߎߩ⺞ᩏߢ਄㒽ߒߚቝᴦፉߪ㧘ਛᣂ਎ᓟᦼߩ቟ጊጤߣಝἯⷺ␕ጤ߆ࠄߥࠆ 㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚㧘 㧚ኻጯߩᕆፋߥะፉߣߪኻᾖ⊛ߦ㧘㜞ፄߪᶏᛮ O
ߩ㜞ߐߢᲧセ⊛ߘࠈߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘๟ㄝߪ✭௑ᢳߥᢳ㕙߇ᐢ߇ࠆ
㧔࿑㧝㧕㧚ᦨ㜞ፄߪධ
ᣣጪߣ㈬੗ᵿ᧲ᣇߩ
ፄߢ㧘ጊ㗂㜞ᐲߪᶏᛮ O ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄ ߩፄ ߪዊἫ ጊ૕ ߢ㧘ቝᴦፉߪߎ߁ߒߚዊ
Ἣጊ૕ߩ㓸วߒߚፉߢ ޽ࠆ ߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇ ࠆ㧚ߎߩፉߩጊ࿾࿾ᒻߩ
㛽ᩰߪ㧘ዊᶆᵄᱛߣ
ᶆᵄᱛߩ⼱ࠍႺߣ
ߒߡ㧘ർർ᧲߆ࠄධ
ධ⷏ߦᑧ߮ࠆ  ߟߩጊ႙ߦࠃߞߡ૞ࠄࠇ
ࠆ㧚ߘࠇࠄߩጊ႙ߩ

࿑㧝 ቝᴦፉߩ࿾ᒻ ਁ  ජಽߩ  ᢙ୯࿾࿑㧙㐿⡞㧙 ᐕ࿖࿯࿾ℂ㒮⊒ⴕߦࠃࠆ 12ጊ࿾ᢳ㕙ߪ㧘৻⥸⊛௑ะߣߒߡ⒫✢ߩ᧲ ஥߇ᕆߢ㧘⷏஥ߪ✭߿߆ߢ㧘ࠤࠬ࠲⁁࿾ᒻࠍߥߔ㧔౮⌀ 㧕㧚ጊ႙ߩᦨ㜞ፄߪፉߩ᧲✼ߦ஍ߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘᧲஥ߩᶏጯ
ߪᲧ㜞ߩᄢ߈޿ᶏ㘩ፗ߇ߟߠߊ㧔౮⌀ 㧕㧚✭ᢳ㕙ߪ㧘᧲ᣇߦ㜞ߊߥࠆࠃ߁ߦ௑
ᢳߔࠆṁጤ߹ߚߪṁ⚿Ἣ⎈ጤߩጀℂ㕙ߣጊ㣽ߩ⎈ድ‛ߦࠃߞߡᒻ૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ㕖ኻ⒓ߩጊ࿾࿾ᒻߪ㧘Ἣጊ૕ߩ᧲஥ጊ⣻ᢳ㕙߇ᶏ㘩ߦࠃߞߡ㒰෰ߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߎߣߦࠃࠆ㧚቟ጊጤጀ߇᧲ᣇߦ㜞ߊߥࠆߩߪ㧘Ἣጊ૕ߩਛᔃߩᄙߊ߇⃻࿷ߩ᧲ጯᶏ㘩ፗߩፄઃㄭ߆㧘ߎࠇࠃࠅ᧲஥ߩᶏၞߦ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍ␜ߔ㧚໑৻᧲஥ጊ⣻߇ଚ㘩ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ጊ૕ߪዊᶆᵄᱛߩർ஥ߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩߢ㧘ዊᶆᵄᱛߣ

ᶆᵄᱛߩ⼱ᐩߪߎ߁ߒߚዊἫጊߩႺ⇇ㇱߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚ੑߟߩ⼱ᐩߩ਄ᵹㇱߪ᧲ጯߩᶏ㘩ፗߦࠃߞߡಾࠄࠇߡ㧘࠙ࠖࡦ࠼ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔౮⌀ 㧕㧚ߎࠇ߽᧲ጯߦࠃࠅ㜞޿ጊ࿾߇ᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ␜ߔ∥〔ߢ޽ࠆ㧚౮⌀㧝 ⷏஥ᶏၞ߆ࠄߺߚቝᴦፉ

13౮⌀㧞 ቝᴦፉ᧲ጯߩᶏ㘩ፗߣ࠙ࠗࡦ࠼ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ㧙ᶆᵄᱛߩ⼱㧙  ᦨᄢߩᵹၞߪዊᶆᵄᱛߩ⼱ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ጊ⣻ᢳ㕙ߦߪ቟ጊጤ㘑ൻⷺ␕ߣߘߩ࿯ფ
߇ᒻᚑߐࠇ㧘ᬀ↢ߩ⊒㆐ߦነਈߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ጊ㣽✭ᢳ㕙ߪߎࠇࠄߩ㘑ൻၸⓍ‛ߩ፣უ㨯࿯⍹ᵹၸⓍ‛߆ࠄߥࠆ㧔౮⌀ 㧕㧚ዊᶆᵄᱛ㧘ᶆᵄᱛߩᶏጯㄭߊߩᐔမ࿾ߪ

ߎࠇࠄߩၸⓍ‛߆ࠄߥࠆዊᚸ⁁࿾ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ፉ๟࿐ߩᶏጯߪ㧘Ყ㜞ߩᄢ߈޿ᶏ㘩ፗߩ⊒㆐߇․ᓽ⊛ߢ㧘⃻ᚑߩᵄ㘩᫜߇ᐢ߇ࠆ㧔౮⌀ 㧕㧚ᶏ㘩ፗਅߦߪ㧘፣უߒߚጤ႙߇ߒ߫ߒ߫ಽᏓߔࠆ㧚⚦☸ߩ␕߿⍾ߢ૞ࠄࠇߚᶏጯߪ

ᶆᵄᱛߩ౉ࠅᳯߥߤᭂ߼ߡ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ㧚౮⌀㧟 ጊ㣽✭ᢳ㕙ၸⓍ‛㧙

ᶆᵄᱛ㧙




౮⌀㧠 ᵄ㘩᫜㧙ዊᶆᵄᱛ㧙ᒁ↪ᢥ₂㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚  ቝᴦ㨯⨲၂⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚࠹࡯ࡑዷ⾗ᢱ㧚 14ቝᴦፉߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ↢ᕷ⁁ᴫႦේ Ảਃ㣮ఽፉᄢቇℂቇㇱCorals in the infra-littoral zone at Uttchima Island
TSUKAHARA Junzo
Faculty of Science⋡⊛ቝᴦፉ㧔ኅፉ㧕ߪቝᴦ⟲ፉ㧔0q̡‫'ޔ‬q̡㧕ߢߪะፉߦߟߋᄢ߈ߐߩፉߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬๟࿐⚂ -O ߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߪήੱፉߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬Ṫ⦁߿㊒ࠅੱߩ┙ߜ౉ࠅ߇޽ࠆߩߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥ⊛ੱޕ‬ᓇ㗀ߩ㕖Ᏹߦዋߥ޿㔌ፉߩࠨࡦࠧ⟲㓸ߩ↢ᕷ⁁ᴫࠍ⺞ߴࠆ⋡⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬੹࿁ߩ✚ว⺞ᩏߦෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏ࿾ၞ߅ࠃ߮ᣇᴺ
ፉߩධ⷏ㇱߦߪ᷼߇૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩࠨࡦࠧ⺞ᩏߪ⺞ᩏᤨ㑆ߩ೙㒢߽޽ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬᷼๟ㄝߩࠨࡦࠧ⟲㓸ߩ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣇᴺߪᒰೋࠦ࡯࠼࡜࡯࠻ߦࠃࠆቯ㊂⺞ᩏ੍߽ቯߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ầ㑆Ꮺၞߪࠬ࠹ࠖ࡯ࡊߢ޽ࠅ‫↢ߩࠧࡦࠨޔ‬ᕷ߇⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚߩߢਛᱛߒ‫ޔ‬ầਅᏪ㧔᳓ᷓ ޯO⒟㧕ߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ↢ᕷߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ẜ᳓ⷞ⹺ߦࠃࠆⷰኤߣ᳓ਛࠞࡔ࡜ߦࠃࠆ⸥㍳ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ⷰኤ⚿ᨐ᷼ߪ㒐ᵄႇ߿࠹࠻࡜ࡐ࠶࠻ߦ࿐߹ࠇ‫⷏ޔ‬஥ߦ O ⒟ߩ಴౉ࠅญ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ጯოㄭߊߪᎿ੐ߩᓇ
㗀߆‫ࠧࡦࠨޔ‬㘃ߪోߊ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᾲᏪ߆ࠄ੝ᾲᏪᶏၞߦ↢ᕷߔࠆࡑࡦࠫࡘ࠙ࡅ࠻࠺

%WNEKVC ߇↢ᕷߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᶏၞ߇੝ᾲᏪߩⅣႺࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍታᗵߐߖߚ‫ޕ‬᷼ߩ಴౉ࠅญ
ઃㄭߩ࠹࠻࡜ࡐ࠶࠻ߩౝ஥ߪ᳓ᷓ ޯO ⒟ߢ‫ࠧࡦࠨࠪࠗޔ‬㘃߇ࠃߊ⊒㆐ߒ‫ࠪࠗ࡝࠼ࡒߦ․ޔ‬#ETQRQTC ߪ႐ᚲߦࠃࠅ㧑ㄭ޿ⵍᐲࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߚ
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ࠧ㘃ߩ↢ᕷ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ㧔࿑ 㧕‫ࠧࡦࠨޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㘃ో૕ߩⵍᐲߪ‫ޔ‬႐ᚲߦࠃࠅᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥߞߡߪ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬㧑ࠍ⿥߃ࠆߎߣߪ߹ࠇߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࡒ࠼࡝ࠗࠪ㘃ߪߤߜࠄߩᶏၞߢ߽࠹࡯ࡉ࡞⁁ߢᨑ߽⍴ߊ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿾ၞ߇ᵄᒰߚࠅ߇߆ߥࠅᒝ޿
ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬᷼ߩౝ஥ߢߪᨑ߇߿߿㐳޿୘૕߇ᄙߊⷰኤߐࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㒐ᵄ

15ႇ߿࠹࠻࡜ࡐ࠶࠻ߦࠃࠆᶖᵄലᨐ߇⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ߢߪ‫ ࠤ࠲ࡀ࠙ޔ‬.QDQRJ[VWO ߿ࠞ࠲࠻ࠨࠞ 5KPWNCTKC ߇ᄙߊⷰኤߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ầ㑆Ꮺߩጤ⋚ߩ஥㕙ߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚࡑࡔࠬ࠽ࠡࡦ࠴ࡖࠢ <QCPVJWUMWTQUJKQ ߩᄢ߈ߥࠦ
ࡠ࠾࡯߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ࡑࡔࠬ࠽ࠡࡦ࠴ࡖࠢ㘃߇ߎߩࠃ߁ߥầ㑆Ꮺጤ⋚ߩ஥㕙ߦ↢ᕷߔࠆߎߣ
ߪ‫ޔ‬ධ⷏⻉ፉߢߪೋ߼ߡߩⷰኤ଀ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝᴦፉߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߪో૕ߣߒߡ㕖Ᏹߦ↢ᕷ⁁ᴫ߇⦟ᅢߢ޽ࠅ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦධ⷏⻉ፉߩࠨࡦࠧ␂
ᶏၞߢᐢ▸࿐ߦ⊒↢ߒߚ‫ࠧࡦࠨޔ‬㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߩᓇ㗀ߪోߊᗵߓࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ධ⷏⻉ፉߩࠨࡦࠧ␂ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ㐳޿ᦼ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠪࠗ࡟߿࠺࠻ࡅ࠾ࠝޔ‬ࠟࠗ࠳ࡑࠪߥߤߦࠃࠆ㘩ኂ߽ⷰኤߐࠇߕ‫⊕ࠆࠃߦߤߥ⩶ࠝ࡝ࡉࡆޔߚ߹ޔ‬ൻ∛ߩᐢ߇ࠅ߽⷗ࠄ
ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߪ‫ޔ‬
ቝᴦ⟲ፉ߇ධ⷏⻉ፉߩㅪߥࠅ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߚ૏⟎ߦ޽ࠆቅፉߩⅣႺਅߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ⷰኤ࿾߇ᄖᵗߦ㕙ߔࠆߚ߼ᶏ᳓᷷ᐲߩ⇣Ᏹߥ਄᣹╬ߩᓇ㗀߽ోߊή߆ߞߚߎߣߦࠃࠆߣ
ᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫⚛ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬᥍ࠄߒ޿ࠨࡦࠧߩ᥊ⷰ߇੹ᓟ߽㐳ߊ⛽ᜬߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬࿑               ࿑ ࿑ 㧦ࡒ࠼࡝ࠗࠪ㘃ߦࠃࠆⵍᐲ߇ 㧑ߦㄭ޿ᶏᐩߩ᥊ⷰ࿑ 㧦৻ߟߩጤ⋚ߦࡒ࠼࡝ࠗࠪ‫ߤߥࠤ࠲ࡀ࠙ޔࠪࠗࡔࠢࠠޔ‬ᄙ⒳ߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃߇↢ᕷߒߡ޿ࠆ

16ቝᴦ⟲ፉቝᴦፉߩᶏ↥⽴㘃⋧ᴡว ᷧ㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯Mollusk Fauna at Uttchima Island in Uji Islands,
Kagoshima Prefecture
KWAWI Kei
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University✜⸒ ቝᴦ⟲ፉߦߪࠤࡉࠞࡗࡑ࠻ࠟࠗ߿࠙ࠫࠣࡦ࠻࠙ࠧࡑࠟࠗߩࠃ߁ߥ㒽↥࿕᦭⒳ࠍ฽߼㒽࡮᷆᳓↥⽴㘃߇ 31 ⒳↢ᕷߔࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔᪀᳓ᵹઁ 2003㧕‫ޕ‬৻ᣇᶏ↥⽴㘃ߦߟ޿ߡߪㆊ෰ߦᐞߟ߆ߩ⺞ᩏ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ 47 ⒳㧙154 ⒳߇↢ᕷߔࠆ੐߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Hirata 1953‫ޔ‬Murayama 㧒 Hirata 1968‫ޔ‬᪀᳓ᵹઁ2003)‫ޕ‬࿾⃿ⷙᮨߢߩ᷷ᥦൻ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⃻࿷‫ߩ‛↢ߥޘ⦡ޔ‬ಽᏓߦߟ޿ߡ
ㆊ෰ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߣᲧセߔࠆ੐ߢߘߩᓇ㗀ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߪ㊀ⷐߦߥߞߡߊࠆ‫ߎߘޕ‬ߢ੹࿁ߪቝᴦ⟲ፉቝᴦፉߦᵈ⋡ߒߘߎߦ↢ᕷߔࠆ⽴㘃⋧ࠍ⺞ߴㆊ෰ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߣᲧセߔࠆ੐ߢᶏ↥⽴㘃ߩಽᏓߩᄌൻࠍ⺞ߴࠆ੐ࠍ⋡⊛ߦߒ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ᣇᴺ⺞ᩏߪᐔᚑ 17 ᐕ 5 ᦬ 10 ᣣߦቝᴦ⟲ፉߩቝᴦፉߦ߅޿ߡⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ቝᴦፉߩᶏ
ጯ✢ߪಾࠅ┙ߞߚፗ߇⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬᷼߆ࠄઁ߳⒖േߔࠆ㆏߽⊒⷗ߢ߈ߥ߆
ߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬᷼ㄭߊߩጤ␂ࠍኻ⽎ၞߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ጤ␂਄ߦ 2x2m ߩᣇᒻᨒࠍ 10 ୘⸳⟎ߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫ޔ‬ᶏጯ✢ࠍᱠߊ੐ߢ⽴㘃ߩណ㓸ࠍⴕߞߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߪḩầᤨߦ㐿ᆎߒ⚳ੌᤨߪᐓầᤨߦ⚳ੌߒߚ‫ޕ‬ណ㓸ߒߚ⽴㘃ߪ 70㧑ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞ߦ࿕ቯߒታ㛎ቶߦᜬߜ
Ꮻࠅ⒳ߩหቯࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ ⷰኤߐࠇߚ⽴㘃ߪ 10 ⑼ 17 ⒳ߦ෸ࠎߛ‫ޕ‬એਅⷰኤߐࠇߚ⽴㘃ࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆ‫࡛ޕ‬
ࡔࠟࠞࠨ⑼ࡌ࠶ࠦ࠙ࠟࠨ Cellana grata‫ ࠪࠕࡁ࠙⑼ࠗࠟࠨࠞࡁ࡙ࠠޔ‬Patelloida

17saccharina‫ ࡒ࠲࠳ࠪࠗ⑼ࠗࠟ࠭࠙ࠠࠪ࠾ޔ‬Monodonta labio f. confusa‫ࠦ⑼ࠛࠩࠨޔ‬ࠪ࠲ࠞࠨࠩࠛ Turbo stenogyrus‫ ࠗࠟࡑࠕࡃࠠ⑼ࠗࠟࡀࡉࠝࡑࠕ ޔ‬Nerita plicata‫ޔ‬ࠕࡑࠝࡉࡀࠟࠗ N. albicilla‫ޔ‬Neritina sp.‫ࡆࠠࡑ࠲࡜࠭࠙ࠫࠪ࠰ࡎ⑼ࡆࠠࡑ࠲ޔ‬Littoraria undulata‫ ࡆࠠࡑ࠲࡟࡜ࠕޔ‬Nodilittorina radiata‫࡞ࡑ࠽ࡂ⑼ࠗࠟ࡜ࠞ࠲ޔ‬࡙ࠠ Cryraea caputserpentis caputserpentis‫ ࡜ࠞ࠳ࡠࠗࠠޔ‬C. moneta‫ࠗࠟࠠ࠶ࠕޔ‬⑼࡟ࠗࠪ࠳ࡑࠪ Morula granulata‫ ࠪࠗ࡟ࠟࠗ࡜࠳ࡑࠠޔ‬Drupa ricinus ricinus‫࠹ޔ‬࠷ ࡟ ࠗ ࠪ Thais savignyi ‫ ࡜ ࡏ ࠷ ࠹ ޔ‬Purpura panama ‫࠽ ࠾ ࠰ ࠗ ⑼ ࠗ ࡃ ࠱ ࠛ ޔ‬
Japeuthrica ferrea‫ ࡕࠗ࡜࠳ࡑ⑼ࠗࠟࡕࠗޔ‬Conus ebraeus‫ޕ‬ ࠠࡃࠕࡑࠟࠗߪಽᏓߩർ㒢߇ደਭፉߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᅏ 2000㧕‫ޕ‬ዊဳ୘૕߆ࠄᄢ
ဳ୘૕߹ߢⷰኤߐࠇߚߩߢ߅ߘࠄߊߎߎߢ❥ᱺ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇
ߢ߈ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Murayama 㧒 Hirata (1968)߽ࠠࡃࠕࡑࠟࠗߩ↢ᕷࠍႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬࿾ၞ߇ߎߩ⒳ߩർ㒢ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ߩࡒ࠲࠳ࠪࠗޔ‬ಽᏓߪർᶏ㆏ධㇱએධ߆ࠄ਻Ꮊߣႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᅏ⼱ 2000㧕‫ޕ‬ߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦፉߪߎߩ⒳ߩධ㒢ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ቝᴦፉߪ᷷ᏪၞߣᾲᏪၞࠍಽᏓߔࠆ⒳߇ᷙߓߞߡಽᏓߔࠆ․ᓽࠍᜬߟߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔߢߦቝᴦ⟲ፉߦ߅ߌࠆᶏ↥⽴㘃ߩ⺞ᩏߪ޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Hirata(1953) ߢߪ
106 ⒳‫ޔ‬Murayama 㧒 Hirata (1968) ߪ 154 ⒳‫ޔ‬᪀᳓ᵹઁ(2003)ߪ 47 ⒳ࠍႎ๔ߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ᧄޕ‬ᩏߪᦨ߽ዋߥ޿ⷰኤᢙߢ޽ߞߚ‫੹ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߪ㒢ቯߐࠇߚᤨ㑆ߣ౒ߦ⺞ᩏၞ߇㒢ቯߐࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚߚ߼‫੍ޔ‬஻⺞ᩏ⊛ߥ߽ߩߣߥߞߡߒ߹ߞ
ߚߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߪⷰኤ⒳ᢙߢߪᦨ߽ዋߥ޿⒳ᢙߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽⠨ᘦߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ㆊ෰ߦႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⽴㘃⋧ߣᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫⽴ޔ‬㘃ߩಽᏓߦᓇ
㗀ߔࠆⅣႺⷐ࿃߇ㄭᐕᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߪߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߩ੹ᓟߩ੿⚦ߥ⎇ⓥ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᒁ↪ᢥ₂
Hirata K. (1953) On the fauna of the shell-bearing mollusca of the Uji Islets.85-92.
Sci.Rep.Kagoshima Univ.
᪀᳓ᵹ‫ޔ‬᫪↰ᐽᄦ‫ޔ‬ਣ㊁ൎᢅ‫ޔ‬ᑝ᫪ᢅᤘ‫⟵↰ⴕޔ‬ਃ‫ޔ‬ဈ↰ᵏౖ‫ޔ‬ਛ↰ᒄ‫ޔ‬ጊరᐘᄦ‫ޔ‬㞯ፉᱜ㆏‫ޔ‬Ḵญᢥ㓶(2003) ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏႎ๔㧔ߘߩ 2㧕‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔‫ޔ‬22㧘1㧙58㧚
Murayama S. and HirataK. (1968) Shell-bearing mollusks of the Uji islets. 17.86-93.
Mem.Fac.Fish.,Kagoshima Univ.
ᅏ⼱༜ม㧔2000㧕ᣣᧄᶏ↥⽴㘃࿑㐓‫᧲ޔ‬ᶏᄢቇ಴ળ‫ޔ‬pp1173.

18⮋ධᶏၞߩᵹࠇ⮺ࠕࠞࡕࠢ㊁ํ ᔘ⑲‫ޔ‬ፉⴼ ኡ⋓‫ޔ‬਄ᴦ ⌀਽‫ޔ‬ኹ↰ ┥ᄥ㣮ఽፉᄢቇ᳓↥ቇㇱ

On the Drift Seaweed Sargassum horneri Found in the South ofKagoshima Prefecture, Japan
NORO Tadahide, SHIMABUKURO Hiromori, UEJI Shinya, TERADA Ryuta
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University
Summary
A brown alga Sargassum horneri was collected drifting near Uji Iss., south of Kagoshima Prefecture,
Japan. Released eggs on the female receptacles were cultured in ESP enriched seawater medium for threemonths in 16 - 28 C, 4,000 lux, 12:12 hrs light and dark cycle. The optimum growth rate of the species
was 20 C at least in the juvenile plants.
ߪߓ߼ߦ㣮ఽፉᄢቇ᳓↥ቇㇱ㒝ዻ✵⠌⦁ධᤊਣߢ ᐕ ᦬ޯ ᣣߦቝᴦ⟲ፉ๟ㄝᶏၞࠍ⥶ᶏߒ㧘ᄢ㊂ߩ‫ޟ‬ᵹࠇ⮺ FTKHVUGCYGGFU ‫ࠍޠ‬ណขߒߚ㧚ߎߩᵹࠇ⮺ࠍ૑ಣ㧔ߔߺ߆㧕ߣߔࠆࡉ࡝ߩ⒩㝼ࡕࠫࡖࠦߪ㧠ޯ㧡᦬ߦ⮋ධᶏၞߢណ᝝ߐࠇ㧘㣮ఽፉḧ߿᧲↸ߩ↢◜ߢ㙃ᱺߐࠇࡂࡑ࠴
㧔ࡉ࡝㧕ߣߥࠆߥߤ㧘ᵹࠇ⮺ߩ↢ᘒቇ⊛ᗧ⟵ߪᄢ߈޿㧚਻Ꮊᴪጯ߿ߎߩ⮋ධᶏၞࠍṫ߁ᵹࠇ⮺ߪⶊ⮺ࡎࡦ࠳ࡢ࡜ዻ 5CTICUUWO ߇ਥߥ⒳㘃ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ࡮⨲၂⻉ፉ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤࡮ᴒ✽ߥߤߩᴪጯߦ↢߃ߡ޿ߚ⒳㘃߇ᵹࠇߡߊࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚

Fig. 1. Harvesting brown alga Sargassum drifting near Uji Iss., Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

19㧝ቝᴦ⟲ፉઃㄭߩᵹࠇ⮺ࡎࡦ࠳ࡢ࡜ߩ⒳㘃ߣ⿠Ḯ⮋ධᶏၞߩᵹࠇ⮺ࡎࡦ࠳ࡢ࡜ዻߩਛߦߪ㧘ࡈࠖ࡝ࡇࡦ߿บḧ㧘ᴒ✽ᣇ㕙ߦ↢⢒ߔࠆߣផኤߐ
ࠇࠆ੝ᾲᏪᕈⶊ⮺ߩࡎࡦ࠳ࡢ࡜ዻߦᷙߓߞߡ㧘਻Ꮊ߿ᧄᎺߢߏߊ᥉ㅢߦ⷗߆ߌࠆࠕࠞࡕࠢ

5CTICUUWOJQTPGTK ߦૃߚⶊ⮺߇ᄢ㊂ߦᷙߓߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔(KI㧕㧚ߎߩ⒳ߪ‫ޔ‬㓶ᕈ↢ᱺེቭߩᒻᘒ߇ᣣᧄ↥ߩࠕࠞࡕࠢߣᭂ߼ߡ⇣ߥࠅ㧔ፉⴼ࡮㊁ํ㧕㧘㐳ߐ㧝㧜O ߦ߽߅ࠃ߱ᄢဳߩ⒳ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘㓶ᕈ↢ᱺེቭߩᒻᘒ߇ᧄ㇌↥ࠕࠞࡕࠢߣߪᭂ߼ߡ⇣ߥࠆ㧚ߎߩᵹࠇ⮺ߪ⮋ධᶏၞߦㄭ޿ጤ␂࿾Ꮺߢᚑ㐳ߒ㧘ᶏᵹߦਸ਼ߞߡṫᵹߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘ߘߩ↢⢒࿾ߪᧂߛߦ
ਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠅ㧘
╩⠪ࠄߪᒰ⹥ᶏၞߦㄭ޿ਛ࿖ᴪጯ߆ࠄᵹࠇߡ᧪ߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᗐቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚╩⠪ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬㓽ᕈ↢ᱺེቭࠍṫᵹਛߩࠕࠞࡕࠢ߆ࠄណขߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ᧄ߫ࠇࠃߦࠇߘޕ‬⒳ߩ㓽↢ᱺེᐥ HGOCNGTGEGRVCENGU(KI ߪ㧘ᣣᧄᴪጯߦ⥄↢ߔࠆࠕࠞࡕࠢߩߘࠇߦㄭૃ
ߔࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘☼⾰‛߇ᭂ߼ߡᄙ޿ߎߣߢᧄ㇌↥⒳ߣ᭽⋧ࠍ⇣ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ㧚

Fig. 2. Drift S. horneri (left) and its
herbarium specimen (right)
collected near Uji Iss. Scale 10 cm.

Fig. 3. Eggs (arrow) on the female receptacles of drift S. hornerm. Scale 1cm.

20╩⠪ࠄߪ‫ޔ‬ᧄ⒳߇ਛ࿖ᵽᳯ⋭๟ㄝߦಽᏓߒߡ޿ࠆࡎࡦ࠳ࡢ࡜ዻ߇᧲ࠪ࠽ᶏࠍ⿧߃ߡṫᵹߒߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᶏጯ߆ࠄߪߎߩ‫ࠢࡕࠞࠕޟ‬㘃ૃ⒳‫ߩޠ‬ᛂߜ਄ߍߦᷙߓߞߡᵽᳯ⋭߿਄ᶏߩ࡜ࡌ࡞ߩߟ޿ߚࡊ࡜ࠬ࠴࠶ࠢࠧࡒߥߤ߽ᛂߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿
ߚ㧔㐳᎑ବ੺ᢎ᝼⑳ା㧕‫ޕ‬㝼㘃ߩ⒩㝼ࠍ⢒߻ධ⮋ᶏၞߩᵹࠇ⮺߇‫ޔ‬᧲ࠪ࠽ᶏࠍ㓒ߡߚਛ࿖߆ࠄᵹࠇߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎ
ߣࠍ⸽᣿ߔࠆ⸽᜚߇‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢ߹ߚ৻ߟᓧࠄࠇߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞ೋᦼ⊒↢ߣߘߩ⥋ㆡ᷷ᐲ߹ߚ㧘ߎߩ↢ᱺེቭߦઃ⌕ߒߡ޿ߚෆࠍណขߒ㧘'52 ᷝടṌ⩶ᶏ᳓ࠍ౉ࠇߚ ON ࠟ࡜ࠬ
↉ߢၭ㙃ߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘⚂৻ㅳ㑆ߢ⢦ߣߥࠅ㧘৻ࡩ᦬ᓟߦߪೋᦼ⪲ࠍߟߌߚᐜ૕ߦ⊒㆐ߒߚ (KI 㧚ߘߩ㓙ߦၭ㙃᷷ᐲࠍ ͠ߢᄌൻߐߖߡ↢㐳ㅦᐲࠍ⺞ߴߚ⚿ᨐ߇ (KI ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘࠇߦ
ࠃࠇ߫ᧄ⒳ߩೋᦼ⊒↢ㅦᐲߪ᳓᷷ ͠ߢᦨ߽߆ߞߚ㧚ߎߩᦨㆡ᳓᷷ߪೋᦼ⊒↢ߦㆡߔࠆ᷷ᐲ
ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߐࠄߦᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㓙ߩ᷷ᐲߦߟ޿ߡߪᦝߥࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚

21

Fig. 4. Embryo (left, one week old) and young plant (right, one month old) of drift
S. horneri cultured in 20 C, 4,000 lux.

0.016

Wet weight (g)

0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0

16

20

24

28

Temperature (C)Fig. 5. Effect of temperature on the growth of Sargassum cultured for two months䋮ᒁ↪ᢥ₂ፉⴼኡ⋓࡮㊁ํᔘ⑲  㣮ఽፉ⋵ㄭᶏߦṫᵹߔࠆࠕࠞࡕࠢߩᨑౝㇱߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ㓶ᕈ↢ᱺེᎽ⮺㘃,RP,2J[EQN 5QTWK 


22ቝᴦ⟲ፉ  ᐕ  ᦬ߩ᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߡဈᏎ ␽ቁ㣮ఽፉᄢቇㄘቇㇱOn the insect faunal survey of Uji Islands in May 2005
SAKAMAKI Yositaka
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߩቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉ਄㒽ߢߪ‫ߩ࡞࡯ࡘࠫࠤࠬޔ‬ㇺว߆ࠄᄛ㑆ߩἮἫណ㓸߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ᣣਛߩߺߩ⺞ᩏߢ  ⋡ߦࠊߚࠆ᣸⯻ࠍណ㓸ߢ߈ߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߎࠇࠄߩ᣸⯻ᮡᧄߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ᣸⯻⟲ߩኾ㐷ኅߦㅍઃߒಽᨆࠍଐ㗬ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ઀ಽߌਛߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ផቯߢ  ⋡  ⑼  ⒳એ਄߇ណ㓸ߢ߈ߚ߽ߩߣᕁࠊ
ࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ߁ߜ‫ޔߪ⋡ࡑ࠙ࡒࠩࠕޔ⋡࡝ࠕࡠࠪޔ⋡ࡒࠪޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߢߎࠇ߹
ߢណ㓸⸥㍳ߩߥ޿߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ಽᏓ⸥㍳ߣߒߡ․╩ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬
੹࿁ᧂߛ⒳ฬߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩ⋡࡝ࡉࠠࠧޔ‬ᐜ⯻ߢࡓࠞࠪࠧࠠࡉ࡝⑼࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ
࡝ߣ㉃ૃߒߚ⒳߇ណ㓸ߢ߈ߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ ౮⌀  㧚ࡓࠞࠪࠧࠠࡉ࡝⑼ߪ᧲ධࠕ
ࠫࠕᾲᏪࠍਛᔃߦಽᏓߔࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢࠊ߇࿖߆ࠄߪ  ዻ  ⒳߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬੹ ࿁ ណ 㓸 ߢ ߈ ߚ ᐜ ⯻ ߇ ዻ ߔ ࠆ 'WEQT[FKC ዻ ߢ ߪ ࡞ ࡝ ࠧ ࠠ ࡉ ࡝ 'WEQT[FKC[CUWOCVUWK#UCJKPC ߇⷏⴫ፉߣ⍹၂ፉߦಽᏓߔࠆߩߺߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿾ℂ਄‫ޔ‬౎ ㊀ ጊ ⻉ፉߣ ᧄ ፉ ߪᄢ߈ ߊ 㓒 㔌ߒߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ ណ 㓸 ߢ߈ߚ ࡓ ࠞ ࠪࠧࠠ ࡉ ࡝ ⑼'WEQT[FKC ዻߩᐜ⯻߇࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ߢ޽ࠆ߆್ᢿߔࠆߦߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⹦⚦ߥᬌ⸛ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ߡ߼ߚࠄ޽ޔ‬ᚑ⯻ណ㓸ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚


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޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ಽᏓ਄․╩ߔߴ߈⒳ߪណ㓸ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ‫ߩ⑼ࠟࠬߜ߁ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ࠦ࠽ࠟ 2NWVGNNCZ[NQUVGNNC .KPPCGWU ߇ፉਛߩ⥋ࠆߣߎࠈߢ‫ࠣࡦࡇ࡯ࠗࠬޔ‬ᬀ‛ߦะ߆ߞߡή૞ὑߦ᝝⯻✂ࠍᝄࠆ⺞ᩏᣇᴺ ࠍⴕ߁ߚ߮ߦᢙ㗡ߕߟ᝝₪ߐࠇ‫⺞ᧄޔ‬ᩏᦼ㑆ਛᭂ߼ߡ㜞ኒᐲߢᚑ⯻߇↢ᕷߒߡ޿ߚߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ᧄ⒳ߪ᳢਎⇇⊛ߦಽᏓߔࠆ⪺ฬߥኂ⯻ߢ‫ޔ‬ᐜ⯻ߪࠕࡉ࡜࠽⑼ᬀ‛ߦߩߺଐሽߒ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯ߢߪ‫  ߷߶ޔ‬ᐕਛ⷗ࠄࠇࠆߏߊ޽ࠅ߰ࠇߚኂ⯻ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢߩቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏߢ᝝₪ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇߻ߒࠈਇᕁ⼏ߥߊࠄ޿᥉ㅢߦណࠇࠆ⒳ߢ޽
ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ኅፉߩㆊ෰ߩᬀ‛⺞ᩏ⸥㍳ࠍ⚌⸃ߊߣ‫⑼࠽࡜ࡉࠕޔ‬ᬀ‛ߪㄼ࡮ਣ㊁ࠄ㧔㧕ߩ⺞ᩏߢࡑࡔࠣࡦࡃࠗ࠽࠭࠽ .GRKFKWOXKTIKPKEWO.KPPCGWU ߇ណขߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߺߢ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ೨߽ߘߩᓟ߽ࠕࡉ࡜࠽⑼ᬀ‛ߩ⸥㍳ߪή޿㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫ޔ‬ነਥᬀ‛߇ߥ޿ߚ߼‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏߢߪࠦ࠽ࠟ߇ណ㓸ߐࠇߡߎߥ߆
ߞߚ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚ࠊࠇࠊࠇߩⴕߞߚ⺞ᩏᤨߦ߽ፉౝߢࠕࡉ࡜࠽⑼ᬀ‛⪲ⷰኤߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ⷰኤߐࠇߚᄢ㊂ߩࠦ࠽ࠟߪኅፉએᄖߩ࿯࿾ߢ⢒ߜ‫ޔ‬㜞ኒᐲߢነਥᬀ‛ߩߥ޿ኅፉߦ㘧᧪ߒߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࠦ࠽ࠟߪᾲᏪේ
↥ߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅኙߐߦᒙ޿ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕᤐవ߆ࠄ᧲ർ࿾ᣇ߿ർᶏ㆏ߢ
߽⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ ޔ‬㆏ಾ╓ߩ㐳〒㔌⒖േࠍߔࠆ᣸⯻ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᚑ⯻ኼ๮ߪ㘺⢒ⅣႺਅߢ߽  ㅳ㑆⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠃߞߡߎߩ⺞ᩏᣣ⋥೨ᢙᣣ㑆ߩ᳇⽎᧦ઙ߿㘑ะ߈‫ࠍઁߩߘޔ‬⠨߃วࠊߖࠆߎߣ߇ࠦ࠽ࠟߩ㐳〒㔌⒖േࠍ⸃ߊᚻ߇߆ࠅߦߥࠆ

24߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿㧚ᒁ↪ᢥ₂ㄼ㕒↵࡮ਣ㊁ൎᢅ‫ޔઁޔ‬㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᬀ‛⋧㧚㣮ఽፉᄢቇㄘቇㇱṶ⠌ᨋႎ๔㧚㧦

25

ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߢߩⰆߩណ㓸ᚑ❣㊁↰િ৻㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
Mosquitoes collected on Uttchima Island, Uji Islands
NODA Shinichi
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University ⴡ↢ⅣႺ߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߚᣣᧄߢߪⰆߪ߁ࠆߐ޿ߣ޿߁⒟ᐲߩሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘⊒ዷㅜ਄࿖ߢߪࡑ
࡜࡝ࠕ࡮ࡈࠖ࡜࡝ࠕ∛࡮࠺ࡦࠣᾲ࡮㤛ᾲ࡮ฦ⒳⣖Ἳߩᇦ੺⠪ߣߒߡ㧘ੱ㘃ߦߣߞߡ޿ߗࠎߣߒ
ߡߚ޿߳ࠎߥ⢿ᆭߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ᐕߦ࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢߢⰆߦࠃߞߡᇦ੺ߐࠇࠆ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠽ࠗ࡞⣖Ἳ߇⓭ὼߦ⊒↢ߒ㧘 ᐕߦᖚ⠪ᢙ߇ᕆỗߦჇടߒ㧘☨࿖ో૕ߢ  ฬࠍ⿧ߔᖚ⠪߇⊒↢ߒ㧘 ฬ߇ᱫ੢ߒߚ㧚ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡ߽࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠽ࠗ࡞⣖Ἳߩଚ౉࡮ᵹⴕ߇ෂᗋߐࠇ㧘৻ㇱߩ࿾ၞߢⰆߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯߅ࠃ߮ፉᎩ࿾ၞߢߪ㧘ᣣᧄ⣖Ἳߩᖚ⠪ᢙ߇ᷫዋߒߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘Ⰶߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃ߇߁ߔࠇ㧘߶ߣࠎߤ⺞ᩏ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚․ߦ㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩㇱߢߪ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߦ઻޿㧘Ⰶߩ⊒↢ᢙ߇Ⴧടߒߚࠅ㧘ධᣇ࿾ၞߩⰆ߇ߘߩಽᏓࠍ᜛ᄢߒ
ߡߊࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߥⰆߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ߇ᦸ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ੹࿁㧘ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߢⰆߩ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚߩߢ㧘ណ㓸ᚑ❣ࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ㧚ኅፉߪήੱፉߢ޽ࠆ
߇㧘ㆱ㔍᷼ߣߒߡߩ᷼߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄṪᬺ㑐ଥ⠪߿㊒ቴ߇਄㒽ߔࠆᯏળ߇޽ࠆ㧚Ⰶᐜ⯻ߩណ㓸ߪ᷼߆ࠄධᣣጪ㧔ᮡ㜞 㨙㧕ߩ㆏ᴪ޿ߩᨋౝߢⴕߞߚ㧚ኅፉߢߪⰆᐜ⯻ߩ⊒↢Ḯߣߥࠆ႐ᚲߪ㕖Ᏹߦዋߥ߆ߞߚ㧚᷼ㄭߊߦ᡼⟎ߐࠇߚ㘶‛ߩⓨ➧ߢߪⰆߩ⊒↢ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞ
ߚ㧚ਛ⣻߆ࠄጊ㗂ߦ߆ߌߡߩ᳓߇ḳ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ᮸ᵢ㧠ࠞᚲ߆ࠄⰆߩᐜ⯻߇ណ㓸ߐࠇߚ㧚᮸ᵢ㧝㧔ࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽㧕ߢ㧢඘㧘᮸ᵢ㧞㧔ࠢࡢ㧕ߢ㧥඘㧘᮸ᵢ㧟㧔ࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽㧕ߢ㧞඘߅ࠃ߮᮸ᵢ㧠㧔ࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽㧕ߢ㧝඘ߩว⸘  ඘ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚᮸ᵢ㧝࡮㧠ߩᐜ⯻㧣඘ߪ࡝ࡃ࡯࠭ࠪࡑࠞ㧘᮸ᵢ㧞࡮㧟ߩᐜ⯻  ඘ߪࠪࡠࠞ࠲ࡗࡉࠞߢ޽ߞߚ㧚࡝ࡃ࡯࠭ࠪࡑࠞߪᴒ✽࡮ᄶ⟤ߢߪ᥉ㅢߩ⒳㘃ߢ㧘᮸ᵢ࡮ጤⓣߩ߶߆㧘ࠢࡢ࠭ࠗࡕ߿⧊⭈ߩ⪲⣠࡮Ⴤ⍹⧎┙࡮┻ಾᩣߦ⊒↢ߔࠆ㧚ᚑ⯻ߪᨋౝߢᤤ㑆ੱࠍๆⴊߒ㧘⨃ߺߩਛߢભᕷߔࠆ㧚ࠪࡠࠞ࠲ࡗࡉࠞߪਥߦ᮸ᵢ߆ࠄ⊒↢ߒዊ᳓ၞߢ
߽ዋᢙ଀⍮ࠄࠇ㧘ᚑ⯻ߪᨋౝߢᤤ㑆ỗߒߊੱ⇓ࠍⷅ߁㧚
 

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ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߦ߅ߌࠆ㠽㘃࠮ࡦࠨࠬ⺞ᩏᳯญ๺ᵗ
਻Ꮊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ℂቇ⎇ⓥ㒮↢‛ቇㇱ㐷ⷐᣦ ᐕ᦬ᣣ㧘ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߦ߅޿ߡ㠽㘃ߩ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ㧚
࠻ࡆ/KNXWUOKITCPU‫ޔ‬ࡒࠨࠧ 2CPFKQPJCNKCGVWU‫( ࠨࡉࡗࡂޔ‬CNEQRGTGITKPWU㧘ࠦࠨࠡ 'ITGVVCICT\GVVC‫࠙ࡘ࠴ޔ‬㧘࠷ࡃࡔ *KTWPFQTWUVKEC‫ࠫࡔޔ‬ࠨࠡ 'KPVGTOGFKC‫ ࠗࠧࠨࠨޔ‬$WVQTKFGUUVTKCVWU㧔⧯㠽㧕ࡠ <QUVGTQRULCRQPKEWU‫ ࠬ࡜ࠟ࠻ࡉࠪࡂޔ‬%QTXWUOCETQTJ[PEJQU ߩ㧢⑼㧥⒳߇⋡᠄ߐࠇߚ߇㧘❥ᱺ⏕⹺ߪࡒࠨࠧ㧝⒳ߛߌߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦ቝᴦ⟲ፉ㧘↢‛⒖౉㧘㠽㘃⋧A brief survey of birds at Uttchima Islet in Uji Islands
EGUCHI Kazuhiro
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
Abstract
On 10th May 2005, I conducted a brief survey of birds at Uttchima Islet in the Uji Islands, Kagoshima
Prefecture. In total, nine species (six families) were sighted; Black kite Milvus migrans, Osprey Pandion
haliaetus, Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus, Little egret Egretta garzetta, Intermediate egret E.
intermedia, Green-backed heron Butorides striatus (juvenile), Barn swallow Hirundo rustica, Japanesewhite-eye Zosterops japonicus, and Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos. I confirmed only one species(Osprey) breeding.
Key words: Avifauna, Biological invasion, Uji Islands㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ቝᴦ⟲ፉߪቝᴦፉ㧔ㅢ⒓‫ޟ‬ኅፉ‫ޠ‬㧦એਅ㧘ߎߩฬ⒓ࠍ૶↪㧕ߣะፉߩ㧞ፉࠍਥⷐፉߣߔࠆή
ੱፉ⟲ߢ㧘═ᴕ↸㊁㑆ᳰ߆ࠄ⚂ 㨗㨙ߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ㧔ᚑየࠄ 㧕㧚ኅፉߪ๟࿐⚂㧡㨗㨙㧘ᦨ㜞ὐߪ 㨙ߩዊፉߢ㧘๟࿐ߪಾࠅ┙ߞߚᢿፗߣጤ␂߆ࠄߥࠅ㧘ፉౝߪᕆፋߢ㧘ᾖ⪲᮸ᨋߦⷒࠊ

27

ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔᪀᳓ᵹࠄ 㧕㧚 ⪺⠪ߪ㧘 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣޯ ᣣ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇ᳓↥ቇㇱ⺞ᩏ⦁ධᤊਣߦࠃࠆቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߦෳടߔࠆᯏળߦᕺ߹ࠇ㧘㠽㘃ߩ↢ᕷ⁁ᴫࠍ⺞ߴࠆߣหᤨߦ㧘⒖౉േ‛㧔ࠞࠗ࠙ࠨࠡ㧕ߩ㠽㘃߳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߦ਄㒽ߒߡ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬એਅߦ‫◲ޔ‬නߥ߇ࠄ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚⺞ᩏ࿾ߩ᭎ⷐߣ⺞ᩏᣇᴺ ⺞ᩏߪ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߦⴕ޿㧘ᄤ୥ߪ᥍ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᓸ㘑ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ፉౝࠍᱠ߈㧘಴⃻㧔ⷞ⹺㧘㡆߈ჿ⏕⹺㧘∥〔⊒⷗ߥߤ㧕ߒߚ㠽㘃ߩ⒳ฬ㧘୘૕ᢙࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚ㧚࠮ࡦࠨࠬ࡞࡯࠻ߪ࿑㧝ߦ␜ߔ㧚 㧦 ዊᶆᵄᱛߦ਄㒽‫ޔ‬ᷧᵹർ஥ᴪ޿ߦ⊓ࠅ‫ޔ‬㧦 ዊᶆᵄᱛർ஥ߩ 㨙ࡇ࡯ࠢ᧲஥ߩࡇ࡯
ࠢߦ೔㆐‫ࠄ߆ߎߎޕ‬የᩮᴪ޿ߦධਅߒ‫ޔ‬㧦 ධᣣጪ㗂਄㧔㨙㧕⌕‫ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬የᩮᴪ޿ߦ
ᶆᵄᱛ߳㒠ࠅࠆ‫ޕ‬㧦ᶆᵄᱛ⌕‫ޕ‬๟ㄝࠍ⺞ᩏߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬ධ஥ߩየᩮ߳⊓ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧦 ධ஥ 㨙ߩࡇ࡯ࠢߦ೔㆐‫ ࠅࠃࠇߎޕ‬ᶆᵄᱛࠍ⚻↱ߒߡዊᶆ߹ߢᚯࠆ㧔㧦㧕‫ޕ‬ඦᓟ‫ޔ‬㧦 ߆ࠄἮบ߳ߩ㓏Ბ㆏ᴪ޿ߦධᣣጪ㗂਄߳⊓ࠅ‫ޔ‬ዊᶆᵄᱛ߳ᚯࠆ㧔㧦㧕‫ޕ‬ ⺞ᩏ࿾ߩᄢ߹߆ߥᬀ↢ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ㧚ዊᶆᵄᱛઃㄭߩᐔ࿾ߦߪ᡼᫈ߐࠇߚᑪ‛߇ᢙ᫟޽ࠅ‫ߩࠝࡑࡉࡗޔ‬㧝⒳㧔ᚑየࠄ㧔㧕ߦᓥ޿‫ޔ‬એਅ‫ࠆߔߣ࠙ࠝࡑࡉࡗࠗࠝ࠾ޔ‬㧕߇ఝභߒ‫ޔ‬ࡂ࠴࡚ࠫ࠙ࠬࠬࠠߪዋᢙᩣ߇ᢔ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ ޕ‬ᶆᵄᱛઃㄭ߽ห᭽ߦ࠾ࠝࠗࡗࡉࡑࠝ࠙߇ఝභߒ‫ޔ‬ࡂ࠴࡚ࠫ࠙ࠬࠬࠠ߇ᢔ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᮡ㜞⚂ 㨙એ਄ߩᢳ㕙ㇱಽߪࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽‫ޔࠠࡁࡉ࠲ޔ‬ࡂࡑࡆࡢ‫ߩߤߥࠠࠞࠨࡅࡑࡂޔ‬ૐᧁᨋߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᨋᐥㇱߩᬀ↢ߪ⽺ᒙߢ‫߇ߤߥࠗࠝࠕࠢࠧࡦ࠽ޔ‬ࠊߕ߆ߦ↢⢒ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ධᣣጪධ᧲ߩᮡ㜞 㨙ઃㄭߪ࡝ࡘ࠙ࠠࡘ࠙࠴ࠢ߇❥⨃ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⠨ኤ‫ޣ‬㠽㘃⋧ߩ․ᓽ‫ޤ‬ ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㠽㘃ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬  ࠲ࠞ⋡㧦࠻ࡆ‫ࠨࡉࡗࡂޔࠧࠨࡒޔ‬  ࠨࠡ⋡㧦ࠦࠨࠡ‫ࠗࠧࠨࠨޔࠡࠨ࠙ࡘ࠴ޔ‬㧔⧯㠽㧕  ࠬ࠭ࡔ⋡㧦࠷ࡃࡔ‫ࠬ࡜ࠟ࠻ࡉࠪࡂޔࡠࠫࡔޔ‬ ߘߩઁ‫ࠡࠨࡑࠕޔ‬㧔 ૕㧕‫ࠡࠨࠝࠕޔ‬㧔 ૕㧕‫ࡔࡃ࠷ޔ‬㧔 ૕㧕‫⧯ࠗࠧࠨࠨޔ‬㠽㧔 ૕㧕ߩᱫ૕ࠍ⊒⷗ߒߚ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ߪࠡࠨࡑࠕޕ‬ᱫᓟᢙㅳ㑆ࠍ⚻ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄᧄ࿯߳ߩᷰࠅߩㅜਛߦ┙ߜነߞߚ୘૕߇ࡂࡗࡉࠨ╬ߩࡢࠪ࠲ࠞ㘃ߦⷅࠊࠇߚ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ࠇߎޕ‬એᄖߦ‫ࡠࠫࠝࡎޔ‬᭽ߩዊ㠽ࠍ࠾ࠝࠗࡗࡉࡑࠝ࠙⟲⪭ౝߢ‫࠻ࡂޔ‬ᄢߩ㠽ࠍ㧞ᐲᨋౝߢ৻⍍⋡᠄ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬⒳หቯߦߪ೔
ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߣࠗ࡟ࠠ࠮ࠠޔߦࠄߐޕ‬⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㠽ߩ⡞߈ㄟߺᖱႎ߇޽ߞߚ‫ ޕ‬ᶆߩ᧲ᶏጯߩጤ
␂਄ߦࡒࠨࠧߩᎽ߇޽ࠅ㧔᪀᳓ᵹઁ㧔‫ޔ‬㧕ߢ߽ႎ๔㧕‫ޔ‬ᛴෆਛߢ޽ߞߚ‫ ޕ‬ ᄤ୥ߪⓏ߿߆ߢ޽ߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ዊ㡆߈ࠎ㘃ߩߐ߃ߕࠅ߇ోߊ⡞߆ࠇߕ‫ޔ‬ࡢࠪ࠲ࠞ㘃‫ޔ‬ࠨࠡ㘃‫߁޿ߣࠬ࡜ࠟ࠻ࡉࠪࡂޔ‬⡺㘩‫ޔ‬㝼㘩‫ޔ‬㔀㘩ߩ⒳߇߶ߣࠎߤࠍභ߼ࠆߣ޿߁․ᱶߥ⒳᭴ᚑ

28

ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߪ৻ᣣߛߌߩ⍴ᤨ㑆ߩ⺞ᩏߢ޽ࠅ‫♖ޔ‬ᐲߪߘࠇ߶ߤ㜞ߊߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߥ௑ะ
ߪㆊ෰ߩߤߩ⺞ᩏߢ߽⷗ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᚑየࠄ 㧧᪀᳓ᵹࠄ ‫ޔ‬㧕㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉߢߪߎ
ࠇ߹ߢߦ  ⑼  ⒳߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘❥ᱺߪࠝࠝࡒ࠭࠽ࠡ࠼࡝㧔ะፉ㧕㧘ࡒࠨࠧ㧔ኅፉ㧘ะፉ㧕㧘ࠞ࡜ࠬࡃ࠻㧔ኅፉ㧕ߩ㧟⒳ߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߦߔ߉ߥ޿㧔᪀᳓ᵹࠄ 㧕㧚ᾖ⪲᮸ᨋౝߩਅጀㇱߩ⊒㆐ߪ⽺ᒙߢ㧘ᨋᄖߢߪ࠾ࠝࠗࡗࡉࡑࠝ࠙߇❥⨃ߔࠆߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡗࡉࠍᒻᚑ
ߔࠆᬀ↢ߪන⚐ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᬀ↢ߩ᭴ㅧߪዊ㡆߈ࠎ㘃ߩ❥ᱺߦㆡߒߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߎߩߚ߼㧘ᷰࠅ㠽ߩㅢㆊᤨᦼએᄖߪዊ㡆߈ࠎ㘃ߩ↢ᕷ߇߶ߣࠎߤή޿ߩ߇ߎߩፉߩ․ᓽߢ޽ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬‫ߩࠡࠨ࠙ࠗࠞޣ‬ᓇ㗀‫ޤ‬ ᚑየࠄ㧔㧕ߪᄙᢙߩࠞࠗ࠙ࠨࠡࠍ⋡᠄ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚੹࿁㧘ࠞࠗ࠙ࠨࠡߩᆫࠍ⋡᠄ߔࠆߎߣ
ߪή߆ߞߚ߇‫ߪ♮ޔ‬ᶏጯㇱ߆ࠄߘࠇߙࠇߩ㗂਄ㇱઃㄭ߹ߢ߶߷ోၞߦಽᏓߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᨋౝߢߪ࠽ࡦࠧࠢࠕࠝࠗߦ㘩∥߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ዊᶆ߿ ᶆ࿾ၞߢߪㆊ෰ߦዊⷙᮨߩ⇌࿾߇޽ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇ
ࠆ㧔ᵄᄙᳯ 㧕‫⇌ޕ‬࿾ߩ᡼᫈ᓟߪㅢᏱࠬࠬࠠߥߤߩࠗࡀ⑼ᬀ‛߇❥⨃ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ኅፉߢߪ࠾ࠝ
ࠗࡗࡉࡑࠝ࠙߇❥⨃ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᵄᄙᳯ㧔㧕߇ⴕߞߚ⺞ᩏᒰᤨ㧔 ᐕ㧕ߦߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬࿾ၞߪࡂ࠴࡚ࠫ࠙ࠬࠬࠠߦⷒࠊࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬═ᴕ↸⹹ߦឝタߐࠇߚ౮⌀ࠍߺߡ߽‫⃻ޔߒ߆ߒޕࠆ߆ࠊ߇ߣߎߚ޿ߡߒ⨃❥߇࡚ࠠࠬࠬ࠙ࠫ࠴ࡂޔ‬࿷ߢߪࡂ࠴࡚ࠫ࠙ࠬࠬࠠ
ߩኒᐲߪ㕖Ᏹߦૐߊ‫߇࠙ࠝࡑࡉࡗࠗࠝ࠾ޔߡߞࠊ߆ޔ‬ఝභߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߦ࠙ࠝࡑࡉࡗࠗࠝ࠾ޕ‬㘩∥ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩࠡࠨ࠙ࠗࠞߪ࡚ࠠࠬࠬ࠙ࠫ࠴ࡂޕ‬៨㘩ߦࠃࠅ⴮ㅌߒ‫߇ࠡࠨ࠙ࠗࠞޔ‬ᅢ߹ߥ޿ࡗࡉࡑࠝ࠙߇൓ജࠍᐢߍߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ᶏጯㇱߩ⨲࿾ߢߪࠞࠗ࠙ࠨࠡߪᬀ↢ߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߩᬀ↢ߩᄌൻߪ⨲ේᕈߩ㠽㘃ߦᓇ㗀ߒߚ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᦨᓟߦ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦෳടߔࠆᯏળࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㣮ఽፉᄢቇߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ⊝᭽‫߮ࠃ߅ޔ‬ධᤊਣߩਸ਼⚵ຬߩ⊝᭽ߦෘߊ߅␞ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒁ↪ᢥ₂ᵄᄙᳯାᐢ   ቝᴦ⟲ፉ෸߮⨲၂ፉߩ࿾⾰㧚㣮ఽፉᄢቇධᣇ↥ᬺ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲႎ๔ 㧦 ‫═ޟ‬ᴕ↸⹹‫ࠅࠃޠ‬ᒁ↪ ᪀᳓ᵹᷕੑ࡮᫪↰ᐽᄦ࡮ਣ㊁ൎᢅ࡮ᑝ᫪ᢅᤘ࡮ⴕ↰⟵ਃ࡮ဈਅᵏౖ࡮ਛ㑆ᒄ࡮ᚑየ⧷ੳ࡮᪀᳓
ᵹᷕੑ࡮᫪↰ᐽᄦ࡮ਣ㊁ൎᢅ࡮ጊరᐘᄦ࡮ᑝ᫪ᢅᤘ࡮ⴕ↰⟵ਃ㧔㧕 ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐႎ๔㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦㧚᪀᳓ᵹᷕੑ࡮ਛፃᶈม࡮ዊୖ⽕࡮ਛ㑆ᒄ㧔㧕ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏႎ๔㧔ߘߩ㧟㧕㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦㧚ጊరᐘᄦ࡮㞯ፉᱜ㆏࡮Ḵญᢥ↵㧔㧕 ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏႎ๔㧔ߘߩ㧞㧕㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦㧚

29

ዊᶆᵄᱛ

ᶆᵄᱛ


࿑㧝㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉ࠮ࡦࠨࠬ࡞࡯࠻㧚✂ដߌㇱಽߪ࠾ࠝࠗࡗࡉࡑࠝ࠙ߩ⟲⪭

30ቝᴦፉߩ᦭↪᮸⒳෸߮࠙ࠨࠡኂߩ⺞ᩏᣣ㜞 ືᔒ㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

Tree plants of Uttchima Island
HIDAKA Tetsushi
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima Universityᬀ↢᭎ᴫᶏጯㇱ㧔ዊᶆᵄᱛ㧕਄㒽ߪ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍᷼ߣߒߡࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻ߩጯო෸߮㒐ᵄႇ߽ᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ධ⷏ㇱᶏጯߩዊᶆᵄᱛߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߘߪߎߎޕ‬ධߦ⛯ߊᶆᵄᱛߣߣ߽ߦ‫ᧄޔ‬ፉߦ⊒㆐ߒߡ޿ࠆࠊߕ߆ߥዊᚸ⁁࿾ߩ৻ㇱߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬㜞ߐ 㨪O ߩᶏ㘩ፗߢ࿐߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ࠄࠇߘޕ‬ᶏ㘩ፗߣࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻ߩ㑆ߩࠊߕ߆ߥⓨ߈࿾‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻ߩഀࠇ⋡߿ᶏ㘩ፗࠍᒻᚑߒߡ޿ࠆጤߩᚲ‫ޔ࠼࠙ࡑࡂޔࠪࠡࠪࠡޔߦޘ‬ࡂࡑ࡙࠙‫࠽࡞࠷ޔ࠷࠹࠰ࡉࡗ࠾ࠝޔࡔࡑ࠲࠽ࡑࡂޔ‬㧔㧝ੱߢ㘩ߴዧߊߖࠆ⒟ᐲ㧫㧕ߥߤߩᶏጯᬀ‛߇ὐ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ዊᶆᵄᱛ㨪ዊᚸ⁁࿾ ᶏጯㇱߦᵹࠇㄟࠎߢ޿ࠆዊߐߥᵹࠇߩਔ⣁ߦᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆዊᚸ⁁࿾ߪ‫ޔ‬ᶏᛮO ㄭߊ߹ߢ࠾ࠝ࠙ࡗࡉࡑࠝߩ⟲⪭ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਅㇱߦߪᚲ‫ࠪࠗ࡜࠙ࠦޘ‬ࡃ߇↢߃ߡ޿ߚ‫ߩ࠻࡯࡝ࠢࡦࠦޕ‬ᑄደߩᓟࠈߦߪࠢࡠࡑ࠷߇㧟ᧄਗࠎߢ↢߃ߡ޿ߚ߇‫ੱߪࠇߎޔ‬ὑ⊛ߦᬀᩱߐࠇߚ߽ߩߩࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ߚ‫ࠝࡑࡉࡗ࠙ࠝ࠾߹߹ߩߘޕ‬ߩ㑆ࠍᶏᛮ O ߶ߤ߹ߢ਄ߞߡⴕߊߣ‫ޔ‬ᚸ⁁࿾߆ࠄධߩ⼱߳౉ߞߡ޿ߊ‫ޔ‬ධᣣጪ߳⛯ߊࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻ߩ㓏Ბ߇⃻ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ධᣣጪ⷏㨪⷏ධㇱጊ࿾ ධᣣጪ߳ߣ⛯ߊ㓏Ბࠍ਄ߞߡ޿ߊߣ‫ޔࠅࠊ⚳ߦߋߔߪ⪭⟲ߩࠝࡑࡉࡗ࠙ࠝ࠾ޔ‬᮸㜞 㨪O ߩࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽߇ఝභ⒳ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆᨋߩਛࠍㅴࠎߛ㧔࿑㧝㧕‫ޕ‬ᨋߪ‫ޔ‬ࡂࡑࡆࡢ‫޿⧯ߛ߹ޔઁߩߤߥࠠࡁࠛࡂࡁࡢࠢޔࡢࡆ࠿ࠗޔࡉ࠲ޔࠗࠤ࠶࠾ࡉࡗޔ‬ᨐታࠍߟߌߚࠪࡑࠣࡢ㧔࿑㧞㧕ߥߤ߇ᷙߓߞߡ޿ߚ‫⋥ߪࡢࠣࡑࠪޕ‬ᓘ 㨪EO

31߶ߤߩᄢ߈ߐߩᧁ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇ‫ࡌࡓޔ‬㧔࿑㧟㧕ߥߤ߽Ꮞ߈ઃ޿ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᨋᐥߦߪࠗ
ࠪࠞࠣࡑ‫ᧄޔߚ߹ޔࠇࠄ߼⹺߇ߤߥ࡜࠭ࠞ࠙࠻࠙ࡈޔ࠳࡚ࠪ࠙ࠫ࠴ࡂޔ‬ፉߩ․↥ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠽ࡦࠧࠢࠕࠝࠗߩዊ⟲⪭㧔࿑㧠㧕߇޽ߜߎߜߦὐ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬㓏Ბࠍ਄ࠆߦߟࠇ‫ࠅߥ߆߇ࡢࡆࡑࡂޔ‬ᄙߊߥߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᨋᐥߦߪ࠽ࡦࠧࠢࠕࠝࠗߩዊ⟲⪭ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩࡒࡉࠕࠪࠨࡓޔ‬ዊ⟲⪭߽޽ߜߎߜߦ⋡┙ߜ‫ޔ‬ᅯ⦣ߥ⧎ࠍດ߆ߖߡ޿
ࠆ߽ߩ߿ᐜᨐࠍߟߌߚ߽ߩ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 㓏Ბࠍ਄ࠅ߈ࠆߣߔߋߦධᣣጪ㗂਄ߢ‫ߪߦߎߎޔ‬Ἦบ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬Ἦบߦ⥋ࠆ㓏Ბߩㅜਛ‫ޔ‬ᶏᛮ 㨙߶ߤߩߣߎࠈ߆ࠄ‫ࡢࡆࡑࡂ߿࠽ࡃ࠴࠲ࠢࡕޔ‬߇ᷙߓࠆᢳ㕙ࠍධ⷏ᣇะߦᏎ߈‫ޔ‬ᮡ㜞 O ߶ߤߩᶆᵄᱛ⋥਄ㇱߦะ߆ߞߚ‫ߎޕ‬ߩઃㄭߩࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽߿ࡂࡑࡆࡢߪ᮸㜞 㨪O ೨ᓟߢ‫ޔ‬㓏Ბ߇޽ࠆ⼱ㇱߩߘࠇࠄࠃࠅ߿߿᮸㜞߇ૐߊ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬᮸౰߽☻ߢ‫߿߿ޔ‬㐿ߌߚᨋߣߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ධᣣጪධㇱߩየᩮઃㄭ߆ࠄ᧲ㇱ৻Ꮺߦߪ࡝ࡘ࠙ࠠࡘ࠙࠴ࠢߩ⟲⪭߇ᐢ߇ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬⛯ߊᶆᵄᱛ⋥਄ߩᶏ㘩ፗ਄ㇱߩየᩮ৻Ꮺߦߪࡂࡑࡅࠨࠞࠠ߇⟤ߒ޿⟲⪭ࠍ૞ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ࠍ⪭⟲ߩࠠࠞࠨࡅࡑࡂޕ‬Ꮐߦ⷗ߡߘߩ߹߹ㅴ߻ߣ‫ࡌ࠻ޔࠗࡃࡦ࡝ࡖࠪޔ‬࡜‫ࡒࠣࡃ࡞ࡑޔ‬㧔࿑㧡㧕ߥߤ⍵ᕈᧁ߇ὐ࿷ߔࠆ

ᶆᵄᱛࠍ࿐߻ᶏ㘩ፗߩ⋥਄ߦ಴ߚ‫ޕ‬ઃㄭߪ৻ㇱ⵻࿾ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᵈᗧߒߥ޿ߣ‫ޔ‬ᶏ஥ߦṖ⪭ߒߡߒ߹߁ࠃ߁ߥߣߎࠈ߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ઃㄭߦߪࠝࠠ࠽ࡢࡂࠗࡀ࠭ߩዊ⟲⪭߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࠙ࠨࠡᶆᵄᱛ⋥਄ߩᶏ㘩ፗ਄ㇱየᩮߩᶏጯ஥⵻࿾ㇱಽߦ㧟ࠞᚲߩ఻ߩᎽⓣ߇޽ࠅ㧔࿑㧢㧕‫ޔ‬๟ㄝߦߪᣂߒ޿♮߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ㧔࿑㧣㧕‫߇ࠢ࠴࠙ࡘࠠ࠙ࡘ࡝ޔઁߩߘޕ‬߹߫ࠄߦᷙߓࠆධᣣጪ߆ࠄዊᶆᵄᱛߦ⥋ࠆർ⷏ㇱᢳ㕙਄ㇱ㧔࿑㧤㧕‫ޔ‬෸߮ߘࠇࠃ
ࠅਅㇱߩࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽߿ࡂࡑࡆࡢߥߤ߇ᷙߓࠆᨋౝߦ߽Ꮍⓣ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᶏጯㇱߩዊᶆᵄᱛߦ⛯ߊ࠾ࠝ࠙ࡗࡉࡑࠝ߇⟲↢ߒߡ޿ࠆዊᚸ⁁࿾ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᄙᢙߩ♮߇޽ߜߎߜߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ߇‫⪭⟲ࠝࡑࡉࡗ࠙ࠝ࠾ޔ‬ౝ෸߮๟ㄝߩਐ㒺ㇱߦߪᎽⓣߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫⺞ޔࠄ߆ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᩏߒߚ▸࿐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮍⓣߩᄙߊߪૐ࿾
ࠃࠅߪ㜞޿ߣߎࠈߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᶆᵄᱛ⋥਄ߩᶏ㘩ፗ਄ㇱߪ৻ㇱ⵻࿾ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᨑవ߇ᨗᱫߒߡ޿ࠆᧁ߿‫ޔ‬ቢోߦᨗᱫߒߚᧁ߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏਛ‫ߩઁޔ‬࿾ၞߦ߅޿ߡ߽ᨑవ߇ᨗᱫߒߡ޿
ࠆ᮸ᧁ߇ᄙᢙ⹺߼ࠄࠇ‫৻ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ㇱ⒫✢਄ߢ߽ቢోߦᨗᱫߒߡ޿ࠆᧁ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ
ߚ߇‫ޔߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᤓᐕ㧔 ᐕ㧕ߩบ㘑߇ਥߥේ࿃ߣᕁࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᶆᵄᱛ⋥਄ㇱߩᎽⓣ๟ㄝㇱߩ⵻࿾ൻ߿᮸ᧁߩᨗᱫ߽บ㘑ߩᓇ㗀߇ᄢ߈޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇‫ߩᧁޔ‬⋥ਅ‫ޔ‬ᩮߩㇱಽߦᎽⓣ߇޽ࠆ߽ߩ߽޽ࠅ‫ߩߣࠡࠨ࠙ޔ‬㑐ㅪߪቢోߦߪุቯߢ߈ߥ
߆ߞߚ‫⺞ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᩏߒߚ▸࿐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒߊ㘩ኂࠍฃߌߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆᧁߪ⹺߼ࠄ
ࠇߕ‫᦭․ޔ‬⒳ߣߐࠇࠆ࠽ࡦࠧࠢࠕࠝࠗߩ⟲⪭߽․ߦⵍኂࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߣߪᕁࠊࠇ

32ߥ޿‫ߩ఻ޕ‬㘩⨲ߣߒߡߪ⨲ᧄ⒳߇ਥⷐߥ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇‫ ޔ‬ᶆᵄᱛߩዊᚸ⁁࿾ㇱߢ࠙ࠨࠡࠍ⷗ߚߣߩ㐳᎑ᢎ᝼ߩႎ๔߽޽ࠅ‫ࠡࠨ࠙ޔ‬ኂ⺞ᩏߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ߥࠄߐޔ‬ࠆ⺞ᩏ߇ᔅⷐߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝᴦኅፉߩ᦭↪᮸⒳
᦭↪᮸⒳ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ⒳߇਄ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠢࡢ⑼ / QTCEGCG
ࠗ࠿ࡆࡢ (KEWUGTGEVC6JWPD ⚡㤥ୟෆ㨪⃿ᨐ㧣㨪OO 㘩‫⧘⧯⪲⧯ޔ‬㘩‫ޔ‬⪲㘺ᢱࠝࠝࠗ࠲ࡆ (KEWURWOKNC. 㓽ྙᨐน㘩‫ޔ‬บḧߢࠕ࡚ࠗࠡࠢࠗ࠲ࡆߣห᭽
ߩᷡᶭ㘩ຠ㧔ᗲ₹ሶ㧕ࠍ૞ࠆ‫ޔ‬ᨐ㧔ᧁ㙬㗡㧕⮎↪ᱛỿ‫⪲⨍ޔ‬ᩮ⮎↪⸃Ქᛂߜりࠪࡑࠣࡢ /QTWUCWUVTCNKU2QKT ᥧ⿒㓸วᨐ㘩㈬‫ޔ‬㤛ⶊᔃ᧚᷆㤛ㄝ᧚ᐥᩇኅౕౕེᭉེ
ࠕࠤࡆ⑼ .CTFK\CDCNCEGCGࡓࡌ 5VCWPVQPKCJGZCRJ[NNC 6JWPD &GEPG ⚃⚡ෆ㨪ᬦ౞ẏᨐ㧡㨪EO㕖ⵚ㐿↢㘩‫ޔ‬ᨐ⊹⺞ℂ㘩‫ޔ‬ᩮ⨍⮎↪೑ዩᒝᔃ‫ޔ‬ᩮ㎾∩㧔࿑㧟㧕ࡃ࡜⑼ 4 QUCEGCG
ࠪࡖ࡝ࡦࡃࠗ 4JCRJKQNGRKUKPFKEC . .KPFNXCTKPVGIGTTKOC *QQM
#TP -KVCOWTC ⚡㤥⃿ᨐ㧣㨪OO 㘩‫ޔ‬⒳ሶ☳㘩࡝ࡘ࠙ࠠࡘ࠙ࡃ࡜ࠗ࠴ࠧ 4WDWUTQUCGHQNKWU,'5OXCTOCZKOQYKE\KK(QEMG ᨐ㘩ࡉ࠼࠙⑼ 8KVCEGCG࠹ ࡝ ࡂ ࡁ ࡉ ࠼ ࠙  #ORGNQRUKU DTGXKRGFWPEWNCVC /CZKO  6TCWVX HQTOCINCDTKHQNKC *QPFC -KVCOWTC ⧯⧘ᾚ㘩ࠛࡆ࠸࡞ 8KVKUHKEKHQNKC$WPIG ☳⊕⃿㤥⚡ẏᨐ㧢㨪OO 㘩‫⺞⪲⧯ޔ‬ℂ㘩ࠣࡒ⑼ ' NCGCIPCEGCG
ࡑ࡞ࡃࠣࡒ 'NCGCIPWUOCETQRJ[NNC6JWPD ⿒ẏᨐ 㨪OO ᓘ㧣㨪OO‫ޔ‬ᶧᨐ⡺߿߿㉄㘩࡝ࠠࡘ࡯࡞㧔࿑㧡㧕࡙࡝⑼ . KNKCEGCG
ࡂࡑࠨ࡞࠻࡝ࠗࡃ࡜ 5OKNCZUGDGCPC/KS ⧯⧘㘩‫⪲ޔ‬൮ߺᢱ33࿑㧝㧚ධᣣጪ㗂਄߳⛯ߊ㓏Ბ      ࿑㧞㧚ࠪࡑࠣࡢߣߘߩᐜᨐ

࿑㧟㧚ࡓࡌ              ࿑㧠㧚࠽ࡦࠧࠢࠕࠝࠗ

࿑㧡㧚ࡑ࡞ࡃࠣࡒ   ࿑㧢㧚ᶆᵄᱛᶏ㘩ፗ⋥਄የᩮߩ఻ߩᎽⓣ

34

࿑㧣㧚Ꮍⓣ㧔࿑㧢㧕ઃㄭߩ♮      ࿑㧤㧚ർ⷏ㇱᢳ㕙਄ㇱߩᎽⓣ35‫═ޟ‬ᴕ↸ߩ࿾ၞᝄ⥝ߦ߅ߌࠆቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᵴ↪ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޠ‬㧙ቝᴦ⟲ፉ⺞ᩏߩᚑᨐႎ๔ᦠ㧔ⷐᣦ㧕㧙              ↰ፉᐽᒄ             㣮ఽፉᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱPractical Use of Uji Islands in Kasasa Town Development          TAJIMA Yasuhiro     Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University╩⠪ߩ࠹࡯ࡑߪ‫═ޟޔ‬ᴕ↸ߩ࿾ၞᝄ⥝ߦ߅ߌࠆቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᵴ↪ߦߟ޿ߡ‫޽ߢޠ‬ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩኅፉߦߪㆱ㔍᷼߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬Ṫ⦁߿ㆆṪ⦁㧔㊒ࠅቴߩἑᷰ⦁㧕╬ߩ೑↪߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄐߦߪ═ᴕ↸ߩዊቇ↢ߦࠃࠆ㧝ᴱ㧞
ᣣߩࠨࡃࠗࡃ࡞ࠠࡖࡦࡊߩታ⠌࿾ߣߒߡᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⥄ߩ↸ޔ‬ὼ଻⼔᧦଀ߢ߽േᬀ‛㧔ࡆࡠ࡯᮸‫ߤߥࠠࠞࠨࡅࡑࡂޔ‬㧕ߩ଻⼔࿾඙ߣߒߡᜰቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩭಣ
ℂᣉ⸳ߩ୥⵬࿾ߣߒߡߩ⹤߇⓭ᅤ⿠ߞߚ߇‫↸ߪ⹤ߩߎޔ‬᳃ߦࠃࠅ⋥ߜߦุቯߐࠇ
ߚߎߣ߽⡊ߦᣂߒ޿‫ޕ‬ߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑߩਅߢߩ⃻࿾ߢߩ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߣߒߡ╩⠪ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥౝኈࠍ⠨߃ߚ‫ޕ‬㧝㧚߹ߕ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ߩ⁁ᴫࠍ╩⠪⥄り߇⏕⹺ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔߦߊߣޔ‬᷼ḧ‫ޔ‬࿾ᒻ‫ޔ‬ᴡᎹ‫ޔ‬㆏〝‫ޔ‬ዬ૑࿾〔ߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ᄐߩࠨࡃࠗࡃ࡞ࠠࡖࡦࡊߩㅊ〔⏕⹺ߣߘߩലᨐߩᬌ⸛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ߐࠄߦⅣႺᢎ⢒‫ߦߊߣޔ‬੖ᗵ૕㛎ߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߣߒߡߩน⢻ᕈߩᬌ⸛‫ޔ‬㧠㧚߅ࠃ߮‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ▸࿐ߢṪᬺᵴേߩታᘒࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߤߥޔ‬ એਅ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬㗄⋡ߦᴪߞߡㅀߴࠃ߁‫ޕ‬㧝㧚᷼ḧߩ⁁ᴫߪήੱፉߦߒߡߪᄢᄌ⦟ᅢߢ޽ߞߚ‫߉ߥߟࠍࡊ࡯ࡠޕ‬ᱛ߼ࠆ㋕ߩ᧮߇㧞㧝୘⸳⟎ߐࠇጯოߦߪࠢ࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩߚ߼ߩ࠲ࠗࡗ߽⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬ầᏅ߇⚂㧞ࡔ࡯࠻࡞߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬Ꮻࠅߩᐓầߩ㓙ߦߪߎߩ࠲ࠗࡗߦ⿷ࠍ߆ߌߡ⦁ߦ㘧߮ਅࠅࠆ⁁ᴫߢ޽ߞߚ‫౉ߩ⦁ޕ‬߽᷼߆ߥࠅ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߢ‫ޔ‬ᒰᣣߪ㧠㓲ߩ౉᷼ࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
 ᶏጯߪᢿፗ߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ౝㇱߦ౉ࠇࠆ਄㒽࿾ὐߪ᷼ߩ޽ࠆዊᶆᵄᱛߣዋߒධߩ ᶆᵄᱛߩ㧞ࠞᚲߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ ޔ‬ᶆߩᣇߪ⨹⍾ߩᶏጯߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘ߽ࠄߜߤޕ‬ᅏߦ⇌ߣߒߡ೑↪น⢻ߥ⧯ᐓߩᐔ࿾߇޽ࠅ‫ ߦߊߣޔ‬ᶆߦߪ⇌ߩ〔ߣ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ⍹၂߇㧝㧜ࠞᚲ߶ߤ⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ዊᶆߦߪዊߐߥ᳓ߩᵹࠇ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬᳓Ḯߪ᾽บߩਅߩ⼱ߢ‫ޔ‬ጤߩ਄㕙ࠍવࠊߞߡ᳓߇ߒߺ಴ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᶏጯઃㄭߩ᳓㊂ࠍ‫ࠍߩ߽ޔ‬ᵹߒߡᵹㅦࠍ⸘ࠆ◲ᤃ᷹
ቯᴺߢ᭎▚ߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬EO⑽ߩ⚿ᨐࠍᓧߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ዊᶆߢߪ᷼ߩධㇱߦ߽⇌࿾ߩࠃ߁ߥᐔ࿾߇޽ࠅ‫ࠄ߆ߎߘޔ‬ዋ㊂ߩ᳓߇⪭ਅߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ߩࠄߜߎޔ‬᳓㊂ߪ⸘᷹ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ ޕ‬ᶆߩᣇߪᐔ࿾਄ߩ⴫㕙᳓ߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇ᶏጯㇱ߇ᚸ⁁࿾⁁ߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ફᵹ᳓߇ᶏጯ✢ߩㄭߊߢ㧠ᧄߦಽ߆ࠇߡᵹ಴ߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ౝ㧞ᧄߪߘߩ᳓
㊂ ߪ ࠊ ߕ߆ߢ ޽ ߞ ߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙ ޿ ᣇ ߩౝߩ 㧝 ᧄ ߩ᳓㊂ ࠍ ห ߓᣇᴺ ߢ ⸘ ᷹ߒߚ ߣ ߎ ࠈEO⑽ߛߞߚߩߢ‫ ޔ‬ᶆߩ✚᳓㊂ߪߎߩ⚂㧞୚ߩ EO⑽⒟ᐲߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ ޔ‬ᶆߩ᳓㊂ߪዊᶆߩ᳓㊂ߩ㧝㧜ಽߩ㧝એਅߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

36

 ፉౝߩ㆏〝ߪ᷼߆ࠄㆱ㔍ዊደ㧔ㅢାዊደ㧕๟ㄝߩᐔ࿾㆏એᄖߪ᾽บ߹ߢߩ㓏Ბ㆏ߩߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬ᶏጯㇱએᄖߩౝ㒽ㇱߪᲧセ⊛ᐔမߢ᮸ᧁ߽ߐ߶ߤⱣߢߪߥ
ߊਅ⨲߽ૐ޿ߣߎࠈ߇ᄙ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬㆏߇ߥߊߡ߽ᱠߌߥߊߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ዊᶆߦߪ  ᐕߦᑪ⸳ߐࠇߚᑪ‛ߩࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻ᨒ߇ᱷߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᚭ߿⓹ߪߥ޿߇ደᩮ߇޽ࠆߩߢ㔎ߪߒߩߍࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᑪ‛ߩ㑆ขࠅߪ㧤⇥‫ޔ‬㧢⇥‫ޔ‬㧠㧚㧡⇥߇ߘࠇߙࠇੑ㑆ߕߟ‫ޔ‬㧟⇥߇৻㑆ߘࠇߦ࠻ࠗ࡟‫ޔ‬㘑ํ႐߇޽ࠅ‫₵ߪߣ޽ޔ‬㑐ߣㅢ〝ߢ޽ࠆ‫↪૶߽ࠇߕ޿ߪߢ⁁⃻ޕ‬ਇน⢻ߛ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢ᏷ߦᚻࠍട߃ࠇ߫ౣ↢ߪਇน⢻ߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁‫ߩߎޕ‬ᑪ‛ߩᚻ೨ߦ߽㧢⇥ੑ㑆⒟ᐲߩࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻⵾ߩᑪ‛߇޽ࠅ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᅏߦߪ⾂᳓࠲ࡦࠢߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻⵾ߩ߽ߩ߇㧞ࠞᚲߦ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ࠨࡃࠗࡃ࡞ࠠࡖࡦࡊߦߟ޿ߡ ᷼ౝߢߪᵄߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿߇ᵻߊߪߥ޿‫═ޕ‬ᴕߢᵒജࠍߟߌߡ߆ࠄ⥃߻ߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬㊒ࠅߪጯოߢ߽ጤ႐ߢ߽⥋ࠆᚲߢน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫᾽ޕ‬บ߹ߢߩࡂࠗࠠࡦ߽ࠣ
㓏Ბ߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬ዊቇ↢ߦߪ৻Ბߩ㜞ߐ߇߆ߥࠅ㜞޿ߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠࡖࡦࡊ࿾ߪ᷼ߩጯოߩ਄߇ᐢ޿ߩߢߎߎߢน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬Ἲ੐↪ߩ᳓ߪᜬෳߒߚ߽ߩࠍ૶߁ᣇ߇቟ᔃߛࠈ߁‫⦁߽࡟ࠗ࠻ޕ‬ਛߩ߽ߩએᄖߦ◲ᤃ࠻ࠗ࡟ࠍ૞ࠆ
ߘ߁ߛ߇චಽߥ߽ߩߪᦸ߼ߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ᤊᐳ᷹ⷰߪᒰᣣߪᦅᄤߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬᥍ᄤߢ޽ࠇ߫⛘ᅢߩ႐ᚲߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ૗ߣ⸒ߞߡ߽ήੱፉߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᣣᏱߣ⇣ߥࠆਇଢߥⅣႺ߇‫ޔ‬㄰ߞߡሶଏ㆐ࠍ
㎊߃‫ޔ‬⢒ߡࠆ႐ߣߥࠅᓧࠆߎߣ߇චಽߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ⅣႺᢎ⢒ߩ႐ߣߒߡߩᬌ⸛ ߎߎߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕㒽਄ߩᬀ↢‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ᶏጯ࡮⏷ߩേᬀ‛ߩ㧞ߟߦߟ޿ߡߩߺᬌ⸛ߔ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᬀ↢ߩታᘒߦߟ޿ߡߪ  ᐕߩ㣮ఽፉᄢቇධ↥⎇ߩ⺞ᩏႎ๔ࠍߪߓ߼‫ޔ‬ᣢߦᐞߟ߆ߩႎ๔߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚ߩ᫪↰ᐽᄦ᳁߽ᣢሽߩႎ๔
એ਄ߩᣂߒ޿ߎߣࠍ⷗ߟߌࠆߩߪ㔍ߒ޿ᣦߩߎߣࠍㅀߴߡ޿ߚ‫᾽ޕ‬บࠍਛᔃߣߒߚᲧセ⊛ᐔမߥፉߩਛᄩㇱߩ᮸ᨋߩਛࠍධർߦᱠ޿ߚ╩⠪ߩᗵߓߢߪ‫࠴࠲ࠢࡕޔ‬ࡃ࠽‫߇ߤߥࠠࠞࠨࡅࡑࡂޔࠠࡁࡉ࠲ޔࡢࡆࡑࡂޔ‬ᄙ߆ߞߚ‫⨲ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ේߢߪࡂ࠴
࡚ࠫ࠙ࠬࠬࠠߩਛߦ‫߇ࠢ࠴࠙ࡘࠠ࠙ࡘ࡝ޔ‬ᣢሽߩႎ๔એ਄ߦଚ౉ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ᗵߓߚ‫ޕ‬࿯ფߪᵻ޿ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߩ⪲⪭ޔ‬ၸⓍߪ߆ߥࠅ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽࿯࿾
߇∳ߖߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁‫ߡߓ✚ޕ‬᮸⒳߇ᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ߎࠇ߇ዊߐߥήੱፉߩ․⦡ߥߩߢ߽޽ࠅ‫ࠍ⦡․ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬૕㛎ߔࠆ႐ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺᢎ⢒ߩ㧝ߟߩ⾆㊀ߥࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ᶏጯ࡮⏷ߩേᬀ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪᐓḩߩầᏅ߇⚂㧞ࡔ࡯࠻࡞ߣᄢ߈ߊᒁ߈ầᤨߩ⏷ߦߪᶏ᳓ࡊ࡯࡞߇޽ߜߎߜߦ಴᧪‫ߪߦߎߘޔ‬ዊ㝼‫⃜ޔ‬ℬ‫⽴ޔ‬㘃‫ޔ࠾࠙ޔ‬ᶏ⮺ߥߤߩᄙ᭽ߥ↢‛߇ⷰኤߢ߈ࠆ‫ߪߢ⏷ޔઁߩߎޕ‬૗⒳㘃ߩ߽ࠞ࠾㘃㧔ጤ႐‫ޔ‬⍹ߩਅ‫⌀ޔ‬᳓ߩ޽ࠆ㒽࿾ߢߘࠇߙࠇ⇣ߥࠆࠞ࠾ࠍ⷗ߚ㧕‫⽴ޔ‬㘃㧔ᄙᢙߩ↢߈ߚࡎࠪ࠳ࠞ࡜ࠍ⷗ߚ㧕‫࠾࠙ޔ‬㘃ߥߤ߇߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄢᄌ⼾߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ⏷ޕ‬ⅣႺᢎ⢒ߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞
࠼ߣߒߡ⛘ᅢߩ႐ߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬㧠㧚Ṫᬺᵴേߦߟ޿ߡ ߎߎߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕㊒ࠅ╬ߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀‫ޔ‬㧞㧕Ṫ⦁ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ߩޔ‬㧞ߟߦߟ޿ߡ߰ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㊒ࠅߩᶋሶ‫ޔ‬㊒ࠅ♻╬߇ᶏጯߩ⍾႐ߦṫ⌕ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Ṫᬺᵴേߩ✂ߩ㧝ㇱ߿ࡠ࡯ࡊߩ㧝ㇱߥߤ߇⏷߿⍾ᵿߦᛂߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᶏጯㇱߪ᳿ߒߡ߈ࠇ޿
ߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬

37

 Ṫ⦁ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬਄㒽ߒߚ㧝ᣣߦ㧠㓲ߩ౉᷼߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ቲ᳓ਣ‫╙ޔ‬㧞ᜏᵗਣ‫╙ޔ‬㧡ජઍਣ‫ޔ‬ᗲᓼਣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔઁߩߎޕ‬ะፉᣇ㕙ߦ߽೎ߩ㧟㓲ࠍ⷗ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿾඙ߪ⋵ਅ㧝㧥Ṫද߇ട౉ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉṪᬺදห⚵วㅪวળ‫ߩޠ‬Ṫᬺᮭ߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍᷼ߩ೑↪ߪߎࠇߣߪή㑐ଥߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬⒳ሶፉ߆
ࠄߩṪ⦁߽஗ᴱߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ႎ๔ߩ᭎ⷐߪએ਄ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩᵴ↪ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬㧝㧕ࠨࡃࠗࡃ࡞ࠠࡖࡦࡊ‫ޔ‬㧞㧕ㆆṪ⦁‫ޔ‬㧟㧕Ṫᬺᮭ⸳ቯߦၮߠߊṪᬺᵴേ‫ߚ߃߹߰ࠍ⁁⃻߁޿ߣޔ‬਄ߢ‫ߘޔ‬ߩᵴ↪ߩ᜛ᄢ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷࠍ⸘ࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ኋᴱᣉ⸳ߩ৻ቯߩᢛ஻ߪ‫࡞ࡃࠗࡃࠨޔ‬ࠠࡖࡦࡊߩ৻ቯߩలታߣⅣႺᢎ⢒ߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߣߒߡߩᵴ↪ߩଦㅴߦߟߥ߇ࠆ
ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬38ቝᴦ⟲ፉੱ㑆⻉ᵴേߩ∥〔ߣⅣႺ⽶⩄⺞ᩏ㨪ผ⊛ᒻ〔ߣ✚᜝⊛ⅣႺ⾰ߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼⺞ᩏ㨪㐳᎑ବ੺ᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

Inprint of Human Activities and Environmental Disturbanceson the Uninhibited Island: Uji Islands㧙 Field Study for Check the Historical Trace and
the Quality of Comprehensive Environment 㧙
NAGASHIMA Shunsuke
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University

39

1ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ૏⟎ઃߌဌᵤ߿═ᴕ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬㐳ፉ߿↘ፉߦߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߪᄙᐕߦਗ਼ࠅ㊀ⷐߥṪ႐ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ဌᵤ߿ᨉፒ߆ࠄᄢᱜᦼ࠻ࠞ࡜ᶏၞψᤘ๺ᦼ㆙ᵗṪᬺ࡮ᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ߳ߩㅴ಴೨‫ޔ‬ㄭᶏṪ႐ߣߒߡᭂ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥ૏⟎ઃߌࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿾ၞ⚻ᷣၮ⋚߇߹ߐߦ૞ࠄࠇߚᤨᦼߦߥࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㐳ፉ߿↘ፉߢߪቲ⍹⃜ℬߩណ㓸ߦ᧪ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬
ߘߩ㊂ߣ⾰ߢ‫ޔ‬ᮮ✁ ࿾ၞౝ࡜ࡦࠠࡦࠣ ࠍ┹߁߶ߤߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ൻ♆ᑫߒ⁁ߩ᐀߽ߘࠇࠄฦ࿾ߩඳ‛㙚⾗ᢱ㙚ߦߪ㘼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬౮⌀ 1 Ṫߩ⊒ዷ ဌᵤᱧผ⾗ᢱ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ノᵤ⥪ဌᵤߢߪ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉోၞߩ࿾ၞ
․ᕈ߿୘ᕈࠍ⷗⋥ߒߚ‫ ޟ‬࿾రቇ ‫ޠ‬⊛࿾࿑ߠߊࠅߩࡄࡀ࡞߇޽ߞ
ߚ‫ޔߪߢߎߘޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉ߽ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ࠞ࡜ࠬࡃ࠻࡮ࡗࡑ࡚ࠪ࠙
ࡆࡦߥߤߩ㘧᧪࿾࡮ࠢࡠࠗࡢ࠷
ࠢ࠷ࠢ߿ࡑࡔࠢࡢࠟ࠲╬ߩ↢ᕷၞߣߒߡᗧ⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߥ߅ဌᵤߦߪᅚፉㆣ㔍⠪ᘨ㔤⎼߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬᣿ᴦ 39 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 24
ᣣ 33 ฬߩㆣ㔍⎼ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ೞශߐࠇߚࠞ࠷ࠝṪએᄖߦ߽ቲ⍹⃜ℬߢ
᦭ฬߥᶏၞߢ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝᴦ౮⌀ 2 ቝᴦ⟲ፉ‫ޟ‬࿾రቇ‫⼂⹺⊛ޠ‬⟲ፉߪ ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛ⛮࿾ὐߢ߽޽ࠆ ‫ޕ‬Ṫ႐ߩㅪ⛯ᕈߪ‫࡮↘ޔ‬㐳ፉ߆ࠄධਅߔࠆ࡞࡯࠻ߢ߽⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ታ⺞ᩏᤨὐߢ ‫ޔ‬ᄦᇚ⦁ṪᏧ߇ ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦፉዊᶆᵄᱛߦ஗ᴱߒߡ‫⦁ޔ‬ౝߢ✂૞ᬺࠍߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᤘ๺ 28ᐕ㣮ఽፉᄢቇ⺞ᩏࠍฃߌߡߩ ቝᴦ⟲ፉ㐿⊒⸘↹ߦ᜔ߞߚᤨઍࠍ
ᝄࠅ㄰ߞߚࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߦ߽‫ޔ‬↘ፉ↢ᵴᤨઍߩ⸥ㅀ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ ‫ޕ‬᧲⷏ߩߺߥࠄߕ ‫ޔ‬ධർߦ߽߹ߐߦㅪ⛯ᶏၞߢ޽ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ဌᵤߣ߶߷ห〒㔌ߩ═ᴕ߽ ‫ޔ‬ห↸ౝᶏၞߢ߽޽ࠅ‫߇ࠅࠊߛߎޔ‬ᒝ޿‫ޕ‬㊁㑆ඨፉዷᦸบߢ‫ޔ‬ᣇะࠍ␜ߔߣߣ߽ߦ‫⥄ޟ‬ὼߩቲᐶ ‫ޟޠ‬㊁㠽ߩᭉ࿦‫⸥ࠆߔߣޠ‬ㅀߣߥߟߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᶏߩ౨㒾㙚 :═ᴕᕺᲧኼߢߪ౮⌀ 4‫࠶࡝࠻࡮࡯ࡖ࠴ࡦࡌ࠼ࠕޟ‬ࡊ࡮ࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ߡߒߣޠ‬૏⟎ߠߌߡ޿ࠆ‫߇ߛޕ‬ᱷᔨߥ߇ࠄ‫═ޔ‬ᴕ↸࡮⾗ᢱ㙚࡮ᄁ40ᐫߢߩቝᴦ࡮⨲၂⟲ፉ㑐ଥߩᦠ☋࡮⾗ᢱߪ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ૞౮⌀ 3-4═ᴕ↸ߩቝᴦ⟲ፉ⹺⼂ ㊁㑆ඨፉᚑߩ‫═ޡ‬ᴕ↸ผ‫ޢ‬એᄖߪ⊝ήߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ፉߣ㟗࡮ࠞࠫࠠṪߩ‫ޟ‬ㆆ߮࠱࡯ࡦ‫ޔߦޠ‬ᗧᄖߥ‫ޟ‬Ⅳ‫ߩޠ‬ሽ࿷ࠍឭ⿠ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫↘ޕ‬ፉߣߩ 㑆 ߩ ᶏ ၞ ═ ᴕ ߆ ࠄ ߪ↘ ፉߪᄢ㒽ߩㅪߥࠅߩࠃ߁ߥᐢၞᕈ ࠍ ᗵ ߓ ߐ ߖ ࠆ ‫ ߪߎ ߘ ޔ‬ౝᶏ㕙ߩࠃ߁ߥ❬߇ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߣήੱፉ㣔ፉ‫ޔ‬㊁㑆ඨፉ߆ࠄ߽⷗߃ࠆᵤୖἑ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ࡮⨲၂ߣㅪ⛯ߒߡ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬㤥ፉ࡮⎫㤛ፉ࡮┻ፉ߇ㅪߥࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߐߦ‫ޔ‬ㅪ⛯⊛ߥ౞Ⅳ⁁‫࡞ࠢޟ‬࡯࠭࠱࡯ࡦ‫ߩߡߒߣޠ‬น⢻ᕈߪ ‫ߦ ޠࡓ ࠭࡝ ࡯ ࠷ ࡯ ࡞ ࡉޟޔ‬㑐ߔࠆ‫ᧄޔ‬࿯஥߆ࠄߩዷᦸࠍ
␜ໂߔࠆ߽ߩߢ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㤥ፉߪᨉፒ࡮ဌᵤ࡮═ᴕ޿ߕࠇ߆
ࠄ߽ࠃߊ⷗߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉ߽߶߷ߘߩ኿⒟〒㔌ߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⨲၂⟲ፉ೑↪⹺⼂ߦ⥝๧ᷓ޿⋵ߩⴕ᡽್ᢿ߇ 05 ᐕ 9 ᦬ਅߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ਠᧁ㊁Ꮢ㐿⊒ᬺ⠪ߩਅࡁፉ 2.7ha ߢߩጤ⍹ណข↳⺧ࠍළਅߒߚ‫ޕ‬Ԙᕆፋߢ⸘↹ㅢࠅណ⍹ߪ࿎㔍‫ޕ‬ԙ⴫࿯ߢᶏᳪᨴ‫ޕ‬᳓↥ᬺ೑⋉ࠍ៊ߥ߁ෂᗋ‫ޕ‬Ԛ៝಴߽࿎㔍ߢណ▚ᕈ࡮⛮⛯ᕈߦᡰ㓚‫ޕ‬ԛ‫⨲ޟ‬၂⟲ፉో૕ߩ⥄ὼⅣႺ߿᥊ⷰࠍ៊ߥ߁น⢻ᕈ‫߇ޠ‬ℂ↱‫ޕ‬ή⺰਄ࡁፉߩ㠽₞଻⼔඙․೎଻⼔࿾඙߳ߩ㈩ᘦ߽߁߆߇޿⍮ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖᳃⊛ⷞᐳߢ቞ࠆߴ߈ଔ୯⹺⼂߇‫ޔ‬ήੱፉⅣႺߦኻߒߡ߽ὑߐࠇࠆᤨઍ߇‫ޔ‬⸰ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊀޿⹺⼂ߣߒߡฃߌᱛ߼ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ήੱፉߩⅣႺ౏⋉ᕈߪ‫ޔ‬ᐢၞ᳓㕙
▤ℂ᜚ὐ ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ↢๮ᓴⅣߩ⿠ὐߣߒߡ߽㊀޿߇ ‫ޔ‬᥊ⷰߣߒߡ߽⹺⼂ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬2ቝᴦ ኅፉ ፉቝᴦፉ࡮ะፉߩ㑆ߩ㓳ੱߩἑᚭ‫ޔ‬ਗ߮ߦ⻉ፉㄭᶏߪዊፉ߇ᄙ޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬౮⌀ߩㅢࠅ‫᧲ޔ‬ᶏ਄ߦ஗ᴱߒߚ‫ޕ‬Ἦบߪ 95m ධᣣጪߩᚲߥߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᗧᄖߦૐ޿૏⟎ߢ⍍

41޿ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬᣸⯻㘃ߩ㘧᧪ߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬㘧㝼࡮ࠗࠞ߇㓸߹ࠅߚ߽ߢߔߊ޿ขࠇࠆ߶
ߤߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᶏߩ⼾߆ߐ߇த߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⠉ᣧᦺࡏ࡯࠻ߢዊᶆᵄᱛߦ਄㒽‫ޕ‬౮⌀ 6 ߪ‫ޔ‬㜞ᵄߦ߽ኻᔕߔࠆ

౮⌀ 5

ධᤊਣ஗ᴱ૏⟎ႇ㒐਄߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ዊᶆᵄᱛࠍ⷗ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㐳ፉߩᄦᇚ⦁
ߣᓟߦ೔⌕ߒߚ౮⌀ߩ⒳ሶ
ፉ⦁ߣ಴ળߞߚ‫ ޕ‬10 ੱ⒟ߩ
ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕ᧪ߡ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬නߥࠆ㊒ࠅખ㑆એ਄ߩᗲᅢኅߢ ‫⚛ޔ‬ẜࠅ↪ౕ߽޽ߞߚ ‫ޕ‬ṪᏧዊደߪ⇥ࠍ਄ߍ᧼߽ỗߒߊ޿ߚࠎߢ޿ߚ‫࡜ࠟ⓹ޕ‬ࠬߪ߆ߥࠅᱷߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬㠽ߩᱫ㜈߇ᢙὐ޽ߞߚ‫⊒ޕ‬㔚ⵝ⟎࡮ή✢㑐ଥࠍขࠅઃߌߚ႐ᚲᓟ߽⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ࠍ⦁ޕ‬ᒁ߈਄ߍࠆᄢဳߩᱤ౮⌀ 6ዊᶆᵄᱛ ᅏߦ⠧᧎ൻߒߚዊደ߇޽ࠆ

ゞ߿㝼ࠍᾚࠆᄢ㍿߽ߐ߮ߡᱷߞߡ޿ߚ‫ࡦࡆޕ‬㘃࡮⋁㘃ߪઁߩήੱፉߦᲧߴߡ⪺ߒߊዋߥߊ‫↢ޔ‬ᵴ∥ߪ⭯޿‫ޕ‬᳓㊂ߪ⼱ᴪ޿ߦᄙ޿‫ޕ‬㘶ᢱ᳓ขࠅญߣ࠲ࡦࠢ߇ᱷߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ධ ᣣጪ࡮ Ἦบ߆ࠄᶆᵄᱛ஥ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬Ყセ⊛ᐢ޿⠹૞น⢻ᢳ㕙߇ߥߛࠄ߆ߦ
ᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ⺞ᩏ⠪ߪ‫ࠄ߆ߎߘޔ‬㆏ࠍ᳞߼ߡ‫ޔ‬ត⚝ߦ౉ߞߚ‫⪺ޕ‬⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ዊᶆᵄᱛ߆ࠄᵒ޿ߢᶆᵄᱛߦᑫߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᓤᱠߢ߽ᶏጯ࡮ጤߠߚ޿ߦ⒖േน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᚻ೨৻Ꮺߢᶏᵗ↢‛⺞ᩏ߇‫ ޔ‬6 ฬߢታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ㅘ᣿ᐲߪ㜞޿‫ޕ‬ᶆᵄᱛߦ౉ࠅㄟ߻ߣ‫ޔ‬⍹၂ߢ૞ࠄࠇߚ⇌߇‫੍ޔ‬ᗐᄖߦฦᢳ㕙ߦዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬૑ዬ〔࡮ዬ૑ⓨ㑆ߪ‫ޔ‬ᱴߤ⷗޽ߚࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬Ṫᬺ߇ਥߢ޽ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ቄ▵㒢ቯߩ‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ᚻ㑆ߩ߆߆ࠄߥ޿૞‛ߦ㒢ߞߚᩱၭߛߞߚ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫఻ޕ‬߇৻⠀⋡ߩ਄ᢳ㕙ࠍ⿛ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ફᵹ᳓⊛ᵹࠇ߇ᶏጯߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬⁴⑯㘃߽਄ⓨࠍ㘧ࠎߢ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬

42

3ቝᴦะፉߦ߅ߌࠆṫ⌕‛ߩ࿖☋⺞ᩏ

2004 ᐕᧃᩭᦨ⚳ಣಽ႐⺃⥌౮⌀ 7ᶆᵄᱛߣ⢛ᓟᲑ‫〔⇌ޘ‬࿾ ᅏ߇ᐢ޿᭴ ᗐ ࠟ ࡜ ࠬ ࿕ ൻ ࡮ ㊄ ዻ☼ ࿯✭ⴣ᧚ߢ࿾ਅ 300m એਅߦ⿥㐳 ᦼ ၒ ⸳ ߣ ߘ ߩ 㘂 ᧃ ߢ‫ ޔ‬ะፉධㇱߩၸⓍጤ⋚߇ㆡ࿾߆ߣ
⹤㗴ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ㆊ෰ߩἫጊᵴേ߇߁߆߇ࠇࠇ ࠆ ጤ ‫ ޕ ޟޠ‬ᴒ ✽ ࠻࡜ ࡈߩ ർ᧲ㇱ ‫ޕ‬ᴒวߦᵴᢿጀ߇޽ࠆ ‫ޠޕ‬ධ ᣣ ᧄ ᣂ ⡞ 05/1/27 ߣ ߔ ࠆ ᔨ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏຬ 5 ฬߪ‫ޔ‬ධᤊਣߦ‫ޔ‬ኅፉᚑᨐ‛ࠍⓍߺㄟߺ‫ߡ޿⛯ޔ‬ะፉࡆࡠ࠙ḧߦ਄㒽‫⪺ޕ‬⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ᵹ⮺ណ㓸‛߇ਛ࿖ᴪጯㇱ߆ࠄߣᗐቯߐࠇࠆߣߩߎߣߥߩߢ ‫ޔ‬ᶏጯㇱ ṫ⌕‛ߩ࿖☋⺞ᩏ ࠍⴕߞߚ ‫ޕ‬౮⌀ 8ะፉࡆࡠ࠙ḧ⺞ᩏ࿾ὐ ኻጯߪኅፉ

ߥ߅ࡆࡠ࠙ߪᢳ㕙߆ࠄ㗂਄ㇱߦ߆߆ߞߡ❥⨃ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߐߦฬ೨ㅢࠅߩḧߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᶏጯࠧࡒ㘃ߪ‫ޔ‬ᵄᛂߜ㓙ߦߪዋ ߥ ߊ ‫ ࡞ ࠻ ࡯ ࡔ ޔ‬⒟ ߩ㜞 ߐ߆ࠄ ᅏ‫ޔ‬ᄢ ጤߣ ᄢጤ ߩḴࡔ࡯࠻࡞ߩᚲߦ߽‫⊒ޔ‬ᵃࠬ࠴ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆṪౕ㑐ㅪ╬ߩࡐ࡝ࡑ࡯߇‫ޔ‬᜽߹ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ജࠍ౉ࠇߡ߽◲නߦߪขࠇߥ޿‫⨹ ޕ‬ᶏᤨ㓸Ⓧ ࠍᥧ␜ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᶏጯㇱ㓸Ⓧࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪ౮⌀ߩ᭽ߦ᥉ㅢߢ‫ࠆ޽߽ߢߦߎߤ⷗৻ޔ‬శ᥊ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬࿖↥ຠ߿․ߦ↢ᵴ⥇ߩߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ᭂ┵ߦዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬Ṫౕ࡮Ṫ⦁↢ᵴ↪ຠᑄ᫈࡮ߘߒߡਛ࿖ᴪጯ߆ࠄߩ߽ߩ߇⋡┙ߞߡᄙ޿‫⊒ޕ‬ᵃࠬ࠴ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍ㒰ߊ ‫࡯ࡑ࡝ࡐޔ‬㑐ଥߢ࿖☋ਇ᣿ 5 ഀ ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ 1 ഀ ࡍ࠶࠻ࡏ࠻࡞㘃 ‫ޔ‬
ਛ࿖ 3.5 ഀ‫ޔ‬บḧ 0.5 ഀ‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊ 1 ઙߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬บḧߣਛ࿖ߪળ␠ߩ࿾ฬ‫↪૶ޔ‬ṽሼ⇛ሼ‫↥ޔ‬࿾࿖⴫␜‫߇⹺⏕ߩࠅߥ߆ߢ╬ࠬ࡟࠼ࠕ࠻࠶ࡀ࡯࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਛ࿖ߩߤߎ߆ࠄ᧪ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߇‫੹ޔ‬࿁․ߦᄢಾߛߞߚߩߢ‫޿ߟߦࠄࠇߘޔ‬ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ዊဳ࡟ࡦ࠭ߣធ౮ᯏ⢻ࠍ㊀ߨߡ‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ᠟ᓇߒߚ‫ޕ‬

43ਛ࿖߆ࠄߩ߽ߩࠍ೉⸥ߔࠆ
ߣ‫=ޔ‬ῂ㉄ 20 ॓ኈེ made౮⌀ 9ᶏጯㇱࠧࡒ㓸Ⓧࡐࠗࡦ࠻

in

China?=ࡅ ࡑ ࡢ ࡝ ⒳ ⩻ ሶ ⴼ :ᵽᳯ౏ม᷷ᎺᏒ᪢ᎩᎿᬺ඙?

= ࡍ ࠶ ࠻ ࡏ ࠻ ࡞ :ਛ ࿖ ฬ↥

ຠ ?=ห :᧮ Ꮊ **౏ ม ᧄ ?=ห
೎ળ␠?=ห :਄ᶏᏒ?=ห :ᑆ㐷**౏ม?=➧㘶ᢱ :ᑆ㐷 **౏ม?
=ⴡ↢↪ຠᶧ૕౉ࠇ =⇛ሼ?=ࠕ
ࠗࠬࠢ࡝࡯ࡓⴼ =ห?=⩻ሶⴼ :⥱ጊቯᶏ **౏ม⥱ጊᏒ ਄ᶏㄭ ㇠ ? = ห :೎ ળ ␠ ? = ห :ർ ੩
౮⌀ 10

Ꮢ?

ਛ࿖↥ຠṫᵹ‛ ᛮ☴=ዊ㘶ᢱኈེ :᧲⩟Ꮢ ,⇛ሼ?=ਛ
㘶ᢱኈེ :ᵽᳯ౏มᵽᳯ㊄⪇ Ꮢ ? = บ ᚲ ↪ ຠ madein

China? ╬ ‫ ޟޕ‬ᵽ ᳯ ‫ ߣ ޠ‬ශ ሼ ߐࠇߚ✂↪ᶋ߈߇ 10 ୘એ਄޽ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ౝߩ৻ߟ߇บᎺ႟ᢱ෍ ౞ౝᶏ࡮ᶏ⨲ࡑ࡯ࠢ ߣ⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫߽ߩઁߩߘޔ‬ߩߪోߡ⵾ㅧరਇ᣿ߛ߇ ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᵽᳯ ‫* ޕޠ‬ᚲ ߇ ⎶ ࡑ ࡯ࠢ ߢ޽ ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᵹࠇ⮺ߦᏎ߈ઃ޿ߚᶋ߈
ߪ⊒ᵃࠬ࠴ࡠ࡯࡞ߦ⚌ࠍ㗎ਂߦᏎ޿ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬቟ଔߥṪౕߘߩ߽ߩ߽‫ޔ‬⮺㘃ߩਛ࿖ᧄ࿯ᴪጯ⿠Ḯ ࠍற⸽ߔࠆ߽ߩߛ߇‫ޔ‬ᶏጯṫ⌕‛߽ ற⸽એ਄ߩ߽ߩ ߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

45

╙Τㇱ
 ᣂ ‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫ ޠޘ‬ᐕᐲႎ๔Part Τ
A Progress Report on New Michi(Rout) no(of)Shimazima(Islands) Project 2005

47

Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture:
impressions of a Pacific geographer㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩፉ‫ޘ‬㧙ᄥᐔᵗߩ࿾ℂቇ⠪ߩශ⽎㧙
Patrick D. NUNN
Geography Department, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji

Abstract
There are many similarities between the islands of Kagoshima Prefecture and those of
the more remote tropical Pacific, such as those in the Fiji group and Niue.

Some ofthese similarities are highlighted in a narrative arising from the author’s time in allthese areas.

Key areas of comparison are sugar and tourism.

There are alsosimilarities in the history of these islands, illustrated here by the first human arrivals
and by the effects of the AD 1300 Event.

Finally there is a discussion of thecomparative awareness of these smaller island communities to climate change.
Introduction – comparing Japan and Fiji
After spending two months in Kagoshima on large Kyushu Island, indistinguishable
from living on the edge of any continental landmass, arriving at Yoron Airport was likereturning home.

The familiar signs of any small Pacific Island were all around.

The

rusted chasses of ancient minibuses, almost certainly illegal and likely to be pounced
upon by traffic police on the Japanese mainland.

Here such vehicles must be viewed

more indulgently by law enforcers, cognizant of the difficulties and costs involved inmaintaining vehicles to mainland standards on a smaller island.
These days, Pacific geographers prefer to avoid the adjective “small” in reference to an
island.

What is a “small island”, what is a “large island”?

The terms are meaningless,instinctive only by the crude standards of thoughtless continental dwellers, and UN
officials for whom classification is a necessary preliminary to decision-making.

But

for the people who live on a smaller island, it only adds to their sense of isolation andmarginalization to be told that in fact they occupy a “small” island.
self-esteem.

It reduces their

Conversely, when in the mouths or from the pens of continental dwellers,

the term “small islands” unduly amplifies the importance and the significance of

48

continents, aggrandizing their inhabitants.

So now, we prefer to talk of “smaller

islands” and “larger islands”, terms that being relative give no offence, intended orotherwise, to their people.
Yoron was a smaller island than I had been on for a long time.

I live in a world of

islands, in the South Pacific, specifically in the country of Fiji.

The South Pacific is avast region, at least one sixth of the entire Earth’s surface, yet regarded as little more aquaint backwater by those who oversee world affairs.

Fiji, the country in which I have

lived for more than 21 years, is a myriad of islands, an archipelago.

There are morethan 300 islands, it is said, but including all the little pieces of rock that poke theirheads above water at high tide, there are probably closer to 30,000.

But only around

90 of those islands are inhabited, mostly by people whose closeness to nature is afunction of their dependence on the natural environment.
Fiji is similar to Japan in many ways.

Most people live on the largest islands – in Fiji,

Viti Levu Island, and in Japan, Honshu.

On Viti Levu, there is most economic activity– commercial mechanized agriculture, manufacturing – while elsewhere in thearchipelago there is hardly any of this.

The only university is on Viti Levu, the only

McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken are on Viti Levu, most murders are on Viti
Levu.

These are the ways that “development” is perceived and articulated by many

people living elsewhere in Fiji.

On the smaller Fiji islands, the people talk quietly inthe evenings about the disparities in “development” in the country, envious of theadvantages of Viti Levu yet chary of the problems it is experiencing.

And the people

who live outside Viti Levu are those who remember and cherish the “old ways” - theancient chants and dances, the time-consuming skills of mat-weaving and masi-making,the traditional values – all forgotten by most of the younger, more sophisticatedgeneration.
I sense that it is much the same in the smaller islands of Kagoshima.

I walk around

Yoron, seeing the shops full of locally-manufactured handicrafts – the products I
assume of the evening labour of older people, sitting about chattering in the company ofeach other.

I see the sweet potatoes, and the incredible number of products that are

made from them, and envy the ingenuity of the Japanese for in Fiji, there is so little
imagination in the development of products from natural foods.

49

I walk into shops on Yoron, there is nobody in sight despite the inevitable tinkle of thebell as I enter.

I walk around undisturbed looking at what is on sale.

hats on before choosing one to buy.

There is no price marked.

I try several

I move to thecheck-out and clear my throat several times before the shopkeeper finally emerges, fullof jovial greeting, glad to see a customer on such a dreary day.
reminds me of Fiji.

The experience

In the smaller shops on smaller islands, the experience of

shopping is often just the same.
As I walk beyond the town limits, into the countryside of Yoron, people in the fields,hacking a living out of the resisting soil with their arms, stop and wave at me.

The

typical welcome of people on smaller islands, delighted to see a stranger on foot pass by.
In Fiji too, those tending their gardens would also stop and greet a stranger.

If

conversation ensued, this would likely be followed by an invitation to share some tea –hot and sweet and bitter – to offset the effect of the sun’s unsparing heat.

And when

you were leaving their house, ashamed at having nothing to give in return, so your hostwill press bags of fresh peanuts or a pineapple into your hand – the proud result of his
toil, rewarding you for your visit.

I sense it would be the same in Yoron.

From my hotel window on Yoron, I see the sugar mill, belching out black smoke day
and night.

A continuous murmur of throbbing machinery in the distance, mixing withthe wash of the waves against the shore below my balcony window.

Later I travel to

Yonaguni Island, and here I stay in a hotel far from the sea but adjoining the sugar mill.
The mill is never quiet during my stay, its sounds dampened only by the rain that falls
almost constantly.
Like many of the islands in the Ryukyu group, the principal agricultural export of Fiji issugar.

It grows in sugar cane that dominates the lowland landscapes of the drier partsof the islands, in much the same way as it dominates the lowlands of Yoron andYonaguni.

The rows of cane are like ranks of soldiers, stiff and motionless, on paradein the landscape of smaller islands where other options for commercial agriculture arelimited.

Many islands in the Ryukyus have their own sugar mill – there is no choicebecause the cost of transporting the unprocessed sugar cane across the ocean isprohibitive.

But in Fiji, there are just four sugar mills.

Three are (of course) on Viti

Levu, and the other is on the second largest island, Vanua Levu.

For the other 88

inhabited islands in the Fiji group, there is no sugar cane grown.

No mill, no cane.

50

So these smaller islands are excluded from this type of commercial agriculture becauseof their size.

This is where the Ryukyus are presently different, although one day if

the mill breaks down and cannot be repaired, the same situation may follow.
Farming sugar cane is hard work, and gives comparatively poor financial returns.

I amsure that much of the sugar from Yoron goes to the domestic market (in Japan) and isprotected by government edict from competition from elsewhere.

But Fiji is lessfortunate.
For many years, Fiji sugar was protected.

The European Union bought it,

guaranteeing a price as much as three times that which it would fetch on the open
market.

Fiji sugar-cane farmers did not know how lucky they were, benefiting fromthis indirect aid.

They planted their sugar cane anywhere it would grow, up the slopes,on the hilltops – economic demand drove unsustainable farming practices.

A familiar

story.
But now things have changed for Fiji sugar.

The EU subsidy is being withdrawn.

Fiji sugar will have to compete on the open market, and that will be almost impossible
because labour and manufacturing costs are so high compared to those where
sugar-cane harvesting is mechanized.
Of course, there are some signs of mechanized agriculture on Yoron and Yonaguni, but
not as much as I expected.

Everywhere I see people walking and working in theirfields, a few tractors sitting idle, but no giant harvesters like those that work the canefields of Queensland (Australia).
Tourism
So when the day comes, when the sugar mills shudder to a final halt on Yoron andYonaguni, what will replace them?

Something needs to replace them, otherwise

people will desert these islands forever.

In the central Pacific, there is an island called

Niue, an independent state, home to around 900 people, but in “free association” withNew Zealand.

So many people have left Niue over the past 30 years that there are now

15 times more Niueans living in New Zealand than there are on the island.

There is asign at Niue Airport – “would the last person to leave please turn off the lights” – a wry
comment on the rate of depopulation, and its likely future consequences.

51

Tourism is a possible way of revitalizing the economy of Niue, just as it is on Yoron andYonaguni.

But the challenge is great.

The only way to reach Niue is by air from New

Zealand or Tonga, and this is expensive.
Los Angeles.

It is as cheap for a New Zealander to fly to

The quickest way to reach Yoron is by air from Kagoshima or Okinawa,

but for someone living in Tokyo or Osaka, it is cheaper to fly to Guam.
But access is only part of the problem.
islands like Niue and Yoron.

There have to be things that attract tourists to

On Niue, the New Zealand government has funded acomprehensive tourist infrastructure.

You can drive around the island stopping atcountless places to read information signboards, there are guided tours, plenty of
information brochures, but few tourists.

I have been twice to Niue, both times

probably only one of about six tourists on the island.

There are two large hotels,

several guesthouses, most of which are always almost empty.

You need to tell a hotel

24 hours in advance if you want to eat there, so they can buy the food and prepare it.
There are similarities with Yoron.

A abundance of hotels, of maps, of brochures

advertising fishing, diving, swimming – but few tourists.

Of course, unlike Niue –located firmly within the tropics – there are seasons on Yoron, and the tourism season
had clearly not arrived when we were there.

But the point is valid.

Much of the

tourism infrastructure on Yoron is falling apart.

Despite the valiant attempts to boost

tourism, visitors will just stop coming because there are cheaper and more attractive
alternatives.

Just like Niue.

First arrivals
Flying over Yoron on the way in to land, I began to think about the first people to arrive
there.

Perhaps they were courageous ocean voyagers, like those we assume to havesettled many tropical islands in the remoter parts of the Pacific, their little dugout
canoes bobbing wildly in the ocean swells as they paddled onshore.

But this isprobably untrue.
The tropical islands of the South Pacific, from Solomon Islands through Fiji to Tonga
and Samoa, were settled first by a group of people we know today as the Lapita people.
Their ocean voyages were far longer – more than 1000 kilometers – than anyone on
Earth had ever succeeded in before.

And the Lapita people made beautiful

52earthenware (pottery), decorated with intricate and puzzling patterns.

They were an

extraordinarily advanced, yet neolithic people.
The Lapita people came from the part of the world that we know today as southern
China and Taiwan.

Their ancestors travelled south from this area, driven out fromrising sea level, reaching the Philippines, Indonesia before settling finally in the
Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea.

It was here – in an equatorial belt where

there are no typhoons (tropical cyclones) – that they developed the seafaring skills
necessary to colonize the islands to the east, islands that were separated by muchgreater distances than those through which they had passed.

And it was in the

Bismarck Archipelago that the Lapita culture developed, about 3500 years ago.
The first people to live on Yoron probably did so much earlier than the Lapita people
appeared as a distinctive cultural group.

In fact, the islands of Kagoshima may at thattime have been a much larger landmass, part of the Asian mainland.

Around 18,000

years ago, the sea level in the western Pacific was about 120 meters lower than today,
and Japan was connected to the Asian mainland in at least two places.
sheets melted, and sea level rose, so these connections were severed.

But as the ice

Japan become anisland nation, its people changed from being “mainlanders” to being “islanders”.
As mainlanders, people living in Japan would have had access to a range of continental
food sources, and it is likely that marine foods would have had a smaller role in theirdiet than when they became islanders.

For island people, especially those living on

smaller islands, are ever aware of the ocean.
normal and expected.

Interacting with the ocean is natural and

But the mainland East Asians at the end of the Pleistocene,

about 15,000 to 12,000 years ago, were much less familiar, it seems, with ocean foods.
The deposits in the caves they occupied suggest a lifestyle based on gathering wild
foods (grains and berries) and hunting large terrestrial animals.

Perhaps it was thesea-level rise that forced people’s attention on to marine foods.
The first people to arrive in Fiji, perhaps 3200 years ago, were hungry.

They hadexhausted the food supplies they had brought with them, and sought places to live
where there was a large and productive fringing coral reef.

From these reefs, they ate

an abundance of shellfish, they ate fish – they were wholly dependent on marine foods.
They appear to have interacted very little with the land.

Possibly they even lived on

53

their boats for many generations before finally moving onto the land and building
houses.

Here we have the reverse situation to Japan – in Fiji, “sea people” graduallybecame “land people”.

In Japan, far earlier, “mainlanders” became “islanders”.

Different origins, similar outcome.
The AD 1300 Event
In Fiji, in fact throughout the higher island groups of the tropical South Pacific, there
was a major change in settlement pattern just after AD 1300.

The coastal lowland

settlements were abandoned and, for the first time, upland hilltop settlements were
established.

This was a time of war, of conflict, brought about by an environmental

crisis known as “the AD 1300 Event”.
Around AD 1300, the temperature in the tropical Pacific fell, causing the sea level tofall by 50-80 cm.

For island dwellers in the central Pacific, this was a disaster because

the sea-level fall exposed the most productive parts of offshore coral reefs, killing theorganisms that lived there, and reducing the amount of food available from ocean
sources.

It has been estimated that the AD 1300 Event led to an 80% drop in foodresources on many islands in the region.

On a smaller island (rather than a larger one),this will quickly result in competition between people for the remaining food resources,and naturally that competition will become violent when starvation threatens.

So thepeople abandoned their unprotected coastal settlements and fled to the inland uplandareas (sometimes even smaller islands offshore), seeking out the loftiest peak on which
to re-build their settlement.

They enhanced the natural protection of this settlementwith stone walls and ditches.

They built “castles”.

Of course, they were not castles in the sense that the word is understood in the rest of
the world, but they served a similar purpose and were located in similar positions.
Fiji, such “castles” have no generic name.

In

Often they are simply referred to as

koroivalu (settlement of war) or koromakawa (ancient settlement).

In New Zealand,

the first European visitors reported that the Maori mostly occupied similar uplandfortified settlements called pa.

All seem to have been established at about the sametime – shortly after the AD 1300 Event, typically between AD 1400 and AD 1500.
In Japan, there is evidence that the AD 1300 Event had similar consequences to the restof the Pacific.

Much castle-building appears to have taken place in the period AD

541400 to AD 1500.

On Yoron, the remains of the castle on the highest point of theisland dates from just that time.

If the model of the AD 1300 Event applies to thecoral-reef zone of Japan, particularly its smaller islands, then this is expected.
Climate change
People who inhabit smaller islands are often more vulnerable to the vagaries of weather
and climate than those on larger islands, where daily life is often less closely linked tonatural forces.

The AD 1300 Event is a good example of a climate change that caused

a sea-level change that caused massive and enduring changes to Pacific Island societies.
On Yoron and Yonaguni, walking along island coasts, one is aware of how uneasy is therelationship between the present islanders and the ocean.

Everyone is concerned about

the guns that China points at Taiwan, a sign of a uneasy relationship.

The same is trueof the giant tetrapods that line the shore along the most vulnerable parts of the Yonaguni
coastline.

At the moment there is an uneasy truce.

Most Pacific Island nations (like Fiji) cannot afford giant tetrapods.

Archipelagic

nations are generally poor, both reasons why such “big-fix” solutions to coastal
problems are usually beyond their reach.

But there are natural forms of coastal

protection that should be encouraged, such as mangroves.

Mangroves are analternative to tetrapods – a much more environment-friendly solution, that actually
boosts coastal ecosystems rather than atrophying them, cloaked in concrete.
Pacific Island countries are worried that sea level will rise in the future, disrupting theirefforts at economic development.

Sea level will almost certainly rise, probably byaround 30-50 cm in the next 50 years, and this will inevitably disrupt the way of life ofmany people across the world.

People living on smaller islands are especiallyvulnerable to sea-level rise, because their coastline is so long.

Not only is thecoastline long, but it is commonly the place where most people live and where mosteconomic activity is located.

This is as true of Yoron and Yonaguni as any island in

the Fiji group.
On Yoron and Yonaguni, most people live near the coast.
many people to move elsewhere.

Sea-level rise will force

Sea water will replace freshwater in the groundwater,

causing lowland crops to grow less well.

In Fiji, both these things are already55

happening.

Villages are moving inland where they can, or else being squashed into

increasingly narrow coastal flats.

Salinization of lowland groundwater is causing

crops to wither, it is causing the sugar content of the cane grown in such areas to fall,
reducing financial returns.
In the future, sea-level rise will force a radical re-organization of the geography ofsmaller islands.

In Fiji and Yoron, whole areas of coastal lowland may become

unusable and will be abandoned.
islands for larger islands.

People may use this as a reason to leave smaller

Shorelines move, people move.

Figure captions

Sugar in Japan and the Pacific.

The photo on the left shows the sugar mill on Yoron

Island, a vital part of the island’s economy.

The photo on the right shows sugar canegrowing on Viti Levu Island in Fiji, on much steeper slopes than is sustainable.

56

Figure 2. Tourism in Japan and the Pacific.

The photo on the left shows a hotel beachon Yoron Island, its lack of occupation reflective of the difficulties of attracting tourists
to smaller islands.

The photo on the right shows the Talava Arches on Niue Island, a

key landscape on this island also trying to attract tourists.

57

Coastal protection in Japan and the Pacific.

The photo on the left shows the giant

tetrapods along the coast east of Sonai on Yonaguni Island.

The photo on the rightshows a mangrove replanting scheme at Yadua Village on Viti Levu Island in Fiji.

58㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗἫጊἯߦၮߠߊቢᣂ਎ᶏᚑᲑਐߩ✬ᐕ
⒳ሶፉߣደਭፉߩ੐଀߆ࠄ᫪⣁ᐢ㣮ఽፉᄢቇᴺᢥቇㇱ

Holocene Marine-Terrace Chronology based on Kikai-Akahoya
Tephra in Yakushima and Tanegashima Islands, south JapanMORIWAKI Hiroshi
Faculty of Law, Economics and the Humanities, Kagoshima University㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ  ࠹ࡈ࡜ߪߘߩหᤨᕈߣᐢၞᕈ߆ࠄ㧘⥄ὼผ࡮ੱ㘃ผࠍ✬߻਄ߢ߽ߞߣ߽ᅢㆡߥ
ᤨ㑆࡮ኻᲧᜰᮡߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧚ห৻ྃᾍᩇ߆ࠄߩ㒠ਅ࠹ࡈ࡜ߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘଀߃߫ർඨ⃿ߩਛ✲ᐲߦ߅޿ߡߪ  ࠠࡠࡔ࡯࠻࡞ߩ㆙㓒࿾ߢ߽  ᤨ㑆߶ߤߩᤨ㑆Ꮕߒ߆ߥߊ㧘߹ߚห৻ྃἫベᑫߩྃ಴‛ߢ߽ᦨ㐳ߢᢙᐕએౝ㧘᥉ㅢߪᢙࠞ᦬એౝߢ㧘ߎߎߢᛒ߁ᐕઍࠝ࡯࠳࡯㧙ᢙ⊖ᐕ߆ࠄᢙජᐕ㧙߆ࠄߺࠆߣ㧘ᭂ߼ߡ㜞♖ᐲߥኻᲧᜰᮡߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚 ߎߩዊ⺰ߢขࠅ਄ߍࠆ㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗἫጊἯ -#J ߪ ECN$2 ߦධ਻Ꮊߩ㝩⇇ࠞ࡞࠺࡜߆ࠄᣣᧄ೉ፉߣߘߩ๟ㄝᶏၞߦ㘧ᢔߒߚἫጊἯߢ޽ࠆ㧔↸↰࡮ᣂ੗㧘㧕㧚ߘߩᐕઍߪ
╙྾♿ߩᶏ㕙ᄌൻ࡮ᶏጯⅣႺᄌൻߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ޿߃߫㧘ᶏ㕙਄᣹߇ࡇ࡯ࠢߦ㆐ߒ㧘⼱ᐩㇱߢߪ᳜✢߇߽ߞߣ߽ౝ㒽ߦ㆐ߒߚ✽ᢥᶏㅴߩᦨ⋓ᦼ㧘ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ᶏㅴ߆ࠄߘߩᓟߩᶏㅌߦ⥋ࠆႺ⇇ᤨᦼߦ޽ߚࠆ㧘ߎߩႺ⇇ᤨᦼߪ㧘᳢਎⇇⊛ߥᶏ㕙ᄌൻߦട߃㧘ၸⓍ૞↪߿࿾Ზᄌേ㧘ࠕࠗ࠰ࠬ࠲࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥᄌേߥߤ࿾ၞ⊛࡮ዪ࿾⊛ߥ⻉ⷐ࿃ߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߚ߼㧘࿾ၞ⊛ߦᓸᅱߥ㆑޿߇޽ࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡߎ߁ߒߚ㔌᳓ᦼߩᓸᅱߥ㆑޿ࠍᬌ಴ߢ߈ࠇ߫㧘ߘࠇࠄߩ⻉ⷐ࿃ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ⾗ᢱࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ
߈ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧘ߎ߁ߒߚ㔌᳓ᦼߩ࿾ၞᏅࠍ㜞♖ᐲߢⴕ߃ࠆߩ߇ߎߩߎࠈྃἫߒ
ߚ࠹ࡈ࡜ߢ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢධ਻Ꮊߢߪ✽ᢥᶏㅴᦨ⋓ᦼߏࠈ࠹ࡈ࡜ߣᶏጯⅣႺߩ㑐ଥ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ᫪⣁㧘 㧚․ߦߎߩᤨᦼߦྃἫߒߚ -#J ߪ㧘ᐢၞߦಽᏓߒ
ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘߈ࠊ߼ߡ⦟ᅢߥኻᲧᜰᮡࠍឭଏߔࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪᶏጯၞߢߩ࿾
ᒻ࡮ၸⓍ‛ߣߎߩ࠹ࡈ࡜ߣߩጀ૏㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ደਭፉߣ⒳ሶፉߩቢᣂ਎Ბਐߢ

59ߺࠄࠇࠆ  ߟߩ੐଀ࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ㧚  
㧚⒳ሶፉ᧲ጯ
 ⒳ሶፉߪ㝩⇇ࠞ࡞࠺࡜߆ࠄ᧲ᣇ MO ߩ૏⟎ߦ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߪ㧘㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗ࠹
ࡈ࡜㧔-#J ࠹ࡈ࡜㧕ߩ࡙࠾࠶࠻ߩ߁ߜ㧘㆙ᣇߦಽᏓߒߡ޿ࠆਥⷐߥਃߟߩ࡙࠾
࠶࠻ᐘደ㒠ਅシ⍹㧘ᐘደἫ⎈ᵹ㧘ࠕࠞࡎࡗἫጊἯߩၸⓍ▸࿐ౝߦ޽ࠆ㧚ߘࠇࠄߪߎߩፉࠍᐢߊⷒ޿㧘ߘߩ⹺ቯߪኈᤃߢ޽ࠆ㧚੹࿁㧘ቢᣂ਎Ბਐ߆ࠄ -#J ࠍ⷗޿ߛߒߚߩߪ㧘⒳ሶፉධ᧲ጯߩᐢ↰ᎹߩᴒⓍૐ࿾ߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑ 㧕㧚ߎߎߩૐ࿾ߦ
ߪᶏጯᴪ޿ߦ㧘⍾Ꮊࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚ⍾ਐ߇㧘ධߩਐ㒺ࠍၮㇱߣߒߡർߦᑧ߮㧘⢛ᓟߩૐḨ࿾ࠍႧ޿ߢ޿ࠆ㧚⍾ਐߩ਄ߦߪᒎ↢ᤨઍ࡮ฎზᤨઍߩᐢ↰ㆮ〔߇┙࿾ߔࠆ㧚⍾ਐ⢛ᓟߩૐ࿾ၞߪᶏᛮ 㨙એਅߩᐢ↰Ꮉߩ᳚Ửේ߇ᐢ߇ࠆ߇㧘๟࿐ߦߪᲑਐൻ
ߒߚㇱಽ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩ㕙㜞ᐲߪᶏᛮ 㨙એ਄޽ࠆ㧚ᐢ↰Ꮉᴡญർጯߦߪߎ
ߩૐᲑਐߩᲑਐፗ߇㔺಴ߒ㧘᭴ᚑ‛⾰ࠍⷰኤߢ߈ࠆ㧚࿑  㔺㗡૏⟎㧙⒳ሶፉ࡮ᐢ↰㧙࿾ᒻ࿑ߪ‫ޟ‬ᢙ୯࿾࿑ ‫ޔ‬㧔࿾࿑↹௝㧕㧙㐿⡞ጪ㧙࿖࿯࿾ℂ㒮ೀⴕ‫ޠࠆࠃߦޠ‬  ߎߎߩ㔺㗡ᢿ㕙ߢߪ㧘ਛᣂ਎ߩ⨍᳗ጀ⟲ࠍၮ⋚ߣߔࠆᵄ㘩บ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ㧔࿑ 㧕㧚ߘߩ㜞ߐߪ㧘ᐔဋᶏ㕙਄ O ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠍⷒߞߡ㧘ᶏᵿၸⓍ‛ࠍߥߔ౞␕ጀ ෘߐ EO ߣ⚦⍾ጀ ෘߐ EO ߇ߩࠆ㧔࿑ 㧕㧚ߎߩᶏᵿၸⓍ‛ߪ㒽ᚑߩ᳚ỬၸⓍ‛ߣߺࠄࠇࠆࠪ࡞࠻ጀ ෘߐ EO ߦⷒࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩ਄ߦ⿒ᯍ⦡ߩ⚦☸ἫጊἯ ෘߐ EO ߇ၸⓍߔࠆ㧚ߎߩἫጊἯߪ㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗ࠹ࡈ࡜ߩ᭴ᚑ
࡙࠾࠶࠻ߩ߁ߜ㧘ᦨ਄ㇱߩ㒠ਅἫጊἯ㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗἫጊἯߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚-#J ߩ
਄૏ߪ EO ߩෘߐߩ࿯ფጀࠍߩߖߡ㧘࿾⴫㕙ߣߥࠆ㧚-#J ߪਅ૏ߩࠪ࡞࠻ጀߣ
ߪ࿯ფጀࠍ᜽߹ߕ㧘ㅪ⛯ߒߡၸⓍߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᵄ㘩บ࡮ᶏᵿ␕ߢ␜ߐࠇࠆ
ᒰᤨߩ᳜✢ߪ㧘-#J ߩ㒠ਅᤨߦㄭ޿ᤨᦼߦ㔌᳓ߒߚߣߺࠄࠇࠆ㧚-#J ߩྃἫᐕ60ઍ߆ࠄ㧘ߘߩ㔌᳓ᐕઍߪ ECNᐕ೨ߏࠈߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚࿑  㔌᳓ࡌࡦ࠴㧔Ꮐ࿑㧕ߣߎࠇࠍⷒ߁ၸⓍ‛㧔ฝ࿑㧕ฝ࿑ߪᏀ࿑ߩ྾ⷺߩ▸࿐ ߎ߁ߒߚ -#J ߆ࠄ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ㔌᳓ᵄ㘩บߣߎࠇࠍⷒ߁ᶏᵿ⍾␕ጀߩᐕઍߣߘߩ
㜞ᐲߪ㧘ߎߩ࿾ၞߩ㔌᳓ㆊ⒟߿ቢᣂ਎࿾Ზᄌേߦ⦟ᅢߥ⾗ᢱࠍឭଏߔࠆ㧚ߘߩၒᴚᵄ㘩บߩᶏᛮ㜞ᐲߪ㧘⃻࿷ߩᐔဋᶏ㕙߆ࠄ O ߢ㧘ቢᣂ਎ߩ㓉⿠㊂ߪᄢ߈޿ߣߪ޿߃ߥ޿㧚㧚ደਭፉ ደਭፉߦߪ㧘⧎ፘጤ߆ࠄߥࠆᕆፋߥጊ࿾ࠍ✼ขߞߡ㧘ᶏጯᲑਐ߇ᐢߊಽᏓߔࠆ㧚ߘߩᄢㇱಽߪᦝᣂ਎ߩᲑਐߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᶏጯᴪ޿ߦߪ㧘㜞ᐲ 㨙߶ߤߩቢᣂ਎ߣ
ߺࠄࠇࠆᲑਐ߇Ყセ⊛ㅪ⛯ߒߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ㧚↸↰  ߇㧸㕙ߣ๭ࠎߛ࿾ᒻ㕙߇ߎࠇߦ޽ߚࠆ㧚᫪⣁㧔㧘㧕ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘ߎ߁ߒߚૐ૏Ბਐߣ -#J ߣߩ㑐ଥߪ㧘ደਭፉർ᧲ጯߩዊἑ↰ߣችਯᶆߢ⷗޿ߛߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ዊἑ↰ߢߪ㧘ᅚᎹߩᴡญධጯߦ 㨪㨙ߩᮡ㜞ࠍᜬߟቢᣂ਎Ბਐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ
ࠆ㧔࿑ 㧕㧚ߎߩᲑਐߣ㑐ࠊߞߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ -#J ߪߎߩᴡญධጯߩ㔺㗡ߢⷰኤߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎߎߩቢᣂ਎Ბਐߪ྾ਁචጀ⟲ࠍၮ⋚ߣߔࠆᵄ㘩บ߆ࠄߥࠆ㧚ߎߩᵄ㘩บߩᶏᵿ␕ၸⓍ‛ਛߦෘߐ O ߩ -#J ߇⷗޿ߛߐࠇߚ㧔࿑ 㧦᫪⣁㧕㧚ߎߎߢߩ -#J ߪ☻☸シ⍹ߣ⿒ᯍ⦡ߩἫጊἯ߇ᷙ࿷ߒ㧘Ἣ⎈ᵹၸⓍ‛࡙࠾࠶࠻ᐘደ
Ἣ⎈ᵹߩ৻ᰴၸⓍߩጀ⋧ࠍ␜ߔ㧚႐ᚲߦࠃߞߡߪ㧘-#J ߪᵄ㘩บߩၮ⋚ጤ਄ߦ⋥ធၸⓍߔࠆ㧚ߘߩᶏᛮ㜞ᐲߪ⚂ 㨪O ߢ޽ࠆ㧔᫪⣁㧘㧕㧚೨ߦㅀߴߚ⒳ሶፉߩᵄ㘩บߩ଀ߣห᭽㧘♖ᐲߩࠃ޿ᣥᶏ᳓Ḱᜰᮡߣ -#J ߩሽ࿷ߪ㧘ቢᣂ਎࿾61Ზᄌേࠍ⍮ࠆ਄ߢ♖ᐲߩࠃ޿㜞ᐲߣᐕઍ⾗ᢱࠍឭଏߔࠆ㧚એ਄ߩߎߣߪ㧘-#JߩἫ⎈ᵹ߇ၸⓍߒߚ⋥ᓟߦ㧘ߎߎߩቢᣂ਎Ბਐߪ㔌᳓ߒߚߎߣࠍ␜ߒ㧘ߐࠄߦECN$2 ߩᣥ᳜✢㜞ᐲߪᶏᛮ⚂ O ߦ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ㧚MO࿑  㔺㗡૏⟎㧙ደਭፉ࡮ዊἑ↰㧙࿾ᒻ࿑ߪ‫ޟ‬ᢙ୯࿾࿑‫ޔ‬㧔࿾࿑↹௝㧕㧙㐿⡞ጪ㧙࿖࿯࿾ℂ㒮ೀⴕ‫ޠࠆࠃߦޠ‬࿑  ቢᣂ਎Ბਐߩᵄ㘩บ㧔Ꮐ࿑㧕ߣ -#J㧔ฝ࿑㧕㧙ደਭፉ࡮ዊἑ↰㧙Ꮐ࿑ߩ⊕✢྾ⷺᒻߪฝ࿑ߩ▸࿐৻ᣇ㧘ደਭፉർ᧲ጯߩችਯᶆߦߪ㧘ᴒⓍᐔ㊁ߩ⁜޿ደਭፉߩਛߢߪ㧘Ყセ⊛ᐢ62޿㓉⿠ਃⷺᎺ߇ಽᏓߒ㧘ၸⓍᲑਐࠍߥߔ㧔࿑ 㧘᫪⣁㧕㧚ችਯᶆᎹᴡญฝጯ
ߢⷰኤߐࠇߚቢᣂ਎Ბਐ 㕙ߩᮡ㜞㧦ᶏᛮ O ߩፗߢߪ㧘ෘߐ O ߶ߤߩ⴫ጀၸ
Ⓧ‛ࠍⷰኤߢ߈ࠆ㧔࿑ 㧕㧚ߘࠇߦࠃࠆߣ㧘࿾⴫ઃㄭߪ㧘☻☸ߥ␕߆ࠄߥࠆၸⓍ‛ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄਅ૏ߦߪࠟ࡜ࠬ⾰ἫጊἯࠍਥ૕ߣߔࠆ⚦☸ἫጊἯၸⓍ‛߇ෘߊၸⓍߔࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩၸⓍ‛ߪጀℂࠍߥߒ㧘߹ߚߎߩਛߦߪ౞៺ߒߚシ⍹ጀ߽੺࿷ߔࠆ ࿑  㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ᭴ᚑ‛⾰ߣၸⓍ᭴ㅧߪߎߩၸⓍ‛߇ -#J ߩੑᰴၸⓍ‛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎߩၸⓍ‛ߩਛߦߪ㧘-#J એᄖߩ‛⾰߇⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘-#J ߩ৻ᰴၸⓍߣੑᰴၸⓍߩᤨ㑆㑆㓗ߪᄢ߈ߊߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ -#J ߩ৻ᰴၸⓍ⋥ᓟߦߎߩ㓉⿠ਃⷺᎺߪ㔌᳓ߒߚߣ޿߃ࠃ߁㧚࿑  ቢᣂ਎Ბਐߣ -#J 㔺㗡૏⟎㧔%㧕̆ደਭፉ࡮ችਯᶆ㧙᫪⣁㧔㧕ࠍ◲⇛ൻ


63





m
10

+

5

0
  
࿑  ቢᣂ਎ᲑਐၸⓍ‛ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ -#J ੑᰴၸⓍ‛㧙ደਭፉ࡮ችਯᶆ㧙㔺㗡૏⟎ߪ࿑  ߩ % ࿾ὐฝߩ౮⌀ߪᏀߩ౮⌀ߩ⊕✢྾ⷺᒻ▸࿐ߩ᜛ᄢㇱಽᩇ⁁࿑ߪ᫪⣁㧔㧕ߦࠃࠆએ਄ߩ  ࿾ὐߢߩ -#J ߣᶏጯ࿾ᒻ࡮ၸⓍ‛ߣߩጀ૏㑐ଥߪ㧘㔌᳓ᐕઍߩᓸᅱ
ߥᤨ㑆Ꮕࠍ․ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘⒳ሶፉ᧲ጯ
ߩቢᣂ਎Ბਐࠍߥߔᵄ㘩บߪ -#J 㒠ਅᤨߦߪᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ደਭፉߩዊἑ↰ߩᵄ㘩บߣችਯᶆߩ㓉⿠ਃⷺᎺߢߪ㧘-#J ߩ৻ᰴၸⓍ⋥ᓟߦ㔌᳓ߒߚ㧚ߚߛችਯᶆߩ㓉⿠ਃⷺᎺ㕙߇ #J ߩੑᰴၸⓍ‛߆ࠄߥࠆߎߣߪ㧘ዊἑ↰ߩᵄ㘩บࠃࠅ߽⧯ᐓㆃ߆ߞߚߎߣࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ㧚 㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ  ࠹ࡈ࡜ߪ㧘ߘߩหᤨᕈߣᐢၞᕈ߆ࠄ㧘⥄ὼผ࡮ੱ㘃ผߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ㜞♖ᐲߩኻᲧ࡮

64✬ᐕࠍน⢻ߣߔࠆ㧚╙྾♿ߩ࠹ࡈ࡜߇⚥Ⓧߔࠆධ਻Ꮊߪ㧘ߎ߁ߒߚኻᲧ࡮✬ᐕߦᄙᢙߩ࠹ࡈ࡜ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆᅢㆡߥ࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ㧚੹࿁ߪ㧘㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗἫጊἯߣᶏጯⅣႺ㧘ߣߊߦᣥ᳜✢࡮ᶏ㕙ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚ධ਻Ꮊߢߪ
ߎߩߎࠈྃἫߒߚ࠹ࡈ࡜ߪ㝩⇇ࠕࠞࡎࡗἫጊἯߩ߶߆ߦ߽޿ߊߟ߆޽ࠅ㧘ᶏጯⅣႺߣߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄ⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔᫪⣁㧘㧕੹ᓟߐࠄߦߎ߁ߒߚ੐଀ࠍᄙߊⓍߺ㊀ߨࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ฎⅣႺᄌㆫ߿࿾ᒻ⊒㆐ผ㧘࿾Ზᄌേߥߤߩหᤨᕈ߿࿾ၞ
Ꮕߥߤࠍ⹦ߒߊ⺰ߓࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚     ⻢ㄉ
 ධ⒳ሶ↸ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩ⍹ၴ๺ඳ᳁㧘ᓼ↰᦭Ꮧਫ᳁ߦߪ⒳ሶፉ᧲ጯߩ㔺㗡ߦߟ޿ߡߏᢎ␜޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㧚ᗵ⻢ߒ߹ߔ㧚ᒁ↪ᢥ₂↸↰ ᵗ  ⮋ධ⻉ፉߩ࿾ᒻᶏጯᲑਐࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ㧚ᐔጊノ↵✬‫⮋ޟ‬ධ⻉ፉߩ✚ว⊛⎇ⓥ‫ޠ‬᣿ᴦᦠ㒮㧘㧚↸↰ ᵗ࡮ᣂ੗ᚱᄦ  ἫጊἯࠕ࠻࡜ࠬ㧘᧲ᄢ಴ળ᫪⣁ ᐢ㧔㧕ደਭፉർ᧲ㇱߦ߅ߌࠆቢᣂ਎ᶏᚑᲑਐ㧚㣮ఽፉᄢቇධ⷏࿾ၞ⎇ⓥ⾗ᢱ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ႎ๔․೎ภ╙  ภ㧘г㧚᫪⣁ ᐢ  ධ਻Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆ✽ᢥᶏㅴᦨ⋓ᦼ㗃ߩἫጊྃἫߣᶏጯᄌൻ㧚᦬ೀ࿾⃿㧘  

65ࠗࠪࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߣߘߩ࿁ᓳႦේ Ảਃ 1‫ޔ‬ዊ㊁ ୃഥ 21㣮ఽፉᄢቇℂቇㇱ‫ޔ‬2 ㇺၔ᧲㜞╬ቇᩞNatural recovery of corals from the bleaching damages
TSUKAHARA Junzo1, ONO Shusuke2
1

2

Faculty of Science, Miyakonojyo-higashi High Schoolߪߓ߼ߦㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߩᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ᭽‫ߥޘ‬஥㕙߆ࠄߩᬌ⸛߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᶏᵗߦ߅ߌࠆ↢๮♽ߦ߽ᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ޽ߚ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣߩႎ๔߇ᢙᄙߊߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ᐕޯ ᐕߦ࿾⃿ⷙᮨߢ⿠ߞߚࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߪᄙߊߩࠨࡦࠧ␂ߦ⥌๮⊛ߥᛂ᠄ࠍਈ߃ߚ‫ߩߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬࿁ᓳߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕએ਄⚻ߞߚ⃻࿷ߢ߽ߪ߆߫߆ߒ޿࿁ᓳߩႎ๔ߪᱴߤή޿‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊᧄޕ‬߇⋡ᜰߔ‫ޟ‬࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻቇ㓙⎇ⓥ೨ㅴ᜚ὐߩ᭴▽‫৻ߩޠ‬Ⅳߣߒߡ‫⮋ޔ‬ධ⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࠪࠨࡦࠧ
㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߣߘߩ࿁ᓳߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߒߚ⚿ᨐࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏ࿾ὐ߅ࠃ߮⺞ᩏᣇᴺ
⺞ᩏ࿾ὐ㧦⮋ධ⻉ፉ߇ධർߦ㐳ߊㅪߥߞߡ޿ࠆ․ᓽࠍ೑↪ߒ‫ޔ‬ධ┵ߩਈ⺰ፉ㧔ࠪࠧ࡯᧲஥ᶏጯ㧦
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'q̡㧕߅ࠃ߮ᰞፉ࡮ⵑ⣶ᶏጯ㧔0q̡'q̡㧕ࠍ⺞ᩏ࿾ߣߒߡㆬࠎߛ‫ޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉࠪࠧ࡯᧲஥ᶏጯߪචᢙᐕ೨߆ࠄቇ↢ߩታ⠌╬ߢⷰኤߒߡ߈ߚᶏጯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ⴎደᶏጯߪ↢‛ណ㓸ߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᐕߦᢙ࿁ẜ᳓ⷰኤߔࠆᯏળ߇޽ࠆ႐ᚲߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰞፉ࡮ⵑ⣶ᶏጯߪ౒⪺⠪ߩዊ㊁߇ ᐕએ᧪ਥߦ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ߩ↢ᕷߦߟ޿ߡ⛮⛯⺞ᩏࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⺞ᩏᣇᴺ㧦࡜ࠗࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠯ࠢ࠻⺞ᩏầ㑆Ꮺᦨ਄ㇱࠍ⿠ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᴒߦะ߆ߞߡ O ߩ࡜ࠗࡦࠍ⸳⟎ߒ‫ޔ‬O 㑆㓒ߢ OO ߩ඙↹ౝߩࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩⵍᐲࠍ⺞ߴߚ‫ޕ‬౮⌀⸥㍳᳓ਛࠞࡔ࡜ࠍ↪޿ߡ‫↢ߩࠧࡦࠨޔ‬ᕷ⁁ᴫࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

ⷰኤ⚿ᨐ
ਈ⺰ፉ
ࠪࠧ࡯᧲஥ᶏጯ㧦ධ᧲ㇱߦ૏⟎ߔࠆࠪࠧ࡯᧲஥ᶏጯߢߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩ㜞ᶏ᳓᷷ߦࠃࠅầ㑆Ꮺߦ߅޿ߡ 㧑ㄭߊߩⵍᐲࠍ␜ߒߚࡒ࠼࡝ࠗࠪ㘃ߪోṌߒߚ߇‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ࡒߊ߿߁ࠃޔ‬࠼࡝ࠗࠪߩዊߐߥࠦࡠ࠾࡯ࠍ⷗޿ߛߒߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬บ㘑ߩᓇ㗀ߢ࡜ࠗࡦ࠻࡜ࡦ࠯

66

ࠢ࠻⺞ᩏߪ಴᧪ߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬᳓ਛⷰኤߢߪᢙ⒳ߩࡒ࠼࡝ࠗࠪ㘃߇⋥ᓘ ޯEO ⒟ߩዊߐߥࠦ
ࡠ࠾࡯ߩὐ࿷߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ຠⷓᶏጯ㧦ർㇱߩຠⷓᶏጯߢߪ‫ࠪࠗ࡝࠼ࡒޔ‬㘃ߪోṌߒߚ߹߹ߢ‫╬ࠪࠗࡔࠢࠠ߿ࠧࡦࠨࡑࡂޔ‬ߩࠗࠪࠨࡦࠧ㘃߇ᢔ࿷ߔࠆߩߺߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߢߪ႐ᚲߦࠃࠅࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ࿁ᓳߩ⁁ᘒ߇⇣ߥࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ⴎደᶏጯ⮋៺ඨፉධ┵ߦㄭ޿Ⴎደᶏጯߪầ਄Ꮺ߆ࠄầਅᏪߦ߆ߌߡṁ⚿ಝἯጤߩၮ⋚߇ᐢ߇ࠅ‫ޔ‬ầਅᏪߢߪ⊒㆐ߒߚ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ߩ㑆ߦࡒ࠼࡝ࠗࠪ㘃߿ࡂࡑࠨࡦࠧߥߤߩࠗࠪࠨࡦࠧ㘃߇ὐ࿷ߔࠆ‫ߩ࡯࠾ࡠࠦޕ‬ᄢ߈ߐ߆ࠄࡒ࠼࡝ࠗࠪߪㄭᐕ⌕↢ߒߚ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᶏၞ߽  ᐕߩ㜞ᶏ᳓᷷ߦࠃࠆࠗࠪࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⊕ൻߩᓇ㗀߇޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߛ‫ߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿁ᓳߪầਅᏪߩᐢ޿
▸࿐ߢ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ⵑ⣶ᶏጯᰞፉߩᄢᱜṁጤᏪ਄ߦᐢ߇ࠆầਅᏪߦߪࡑࡔࠬ࠽ࠡࡦ࠴ࡖࠢ㘃ࠍᆎ߼ߣߔࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜
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ᓢ‫ߦޘ‬㜞ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ⃻⽎ߣ㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ⹦⚦ߥᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᜚ὐ᭴▽ਈ⺰ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃⻠ᐳ╬ࠍㅢߒߡฎᎹవ↢ࠍߪߓ߼ᄙߊߩፉ᳃ߣߩ੤ᵹ߇ᷓ߼ࠄࠇ‫ࠧࡦࠨޔ‬␂ߩ⃻⁁߿ᱧผ⊛ߥ⚻✲ߦߟ޿ߡᖱႎ߇౉ᚻߢ߈ࠆ‫਻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Ꮊᄢቇߩ㊁ፉືవ↢ߣߩਈ⺰ፉࠨࡦࠧ㘃⺞ᩏߦ㑐ߔࠆ౒ห⎇ⓥડ↹ߩน⢻ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᢛਛߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬੹ᓟߩዷᦸࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ߇ㅴ߻ߦߟࠇ㗫❥ߦ⿠ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߚ߼‫⛯⛮ޔ‬⊛ߦ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬⮋ධ⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ⾆㊀ߥࠨࡦࠧ␂ߩ଻ోࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼ߩၮ␆⊛ߥ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⫾Ⓧߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

67㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞⟲㓸ߦಽᏓߔࠆ⽴㘃ᴡวᷧ ๺↰⡛ሶ 1⥝స᮸ 2
1㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯2 ࡊ࡝ࠪࠕਈ⺰ᩣᑼળ␠
3࠹ࠖ࠳ડ↹᦭㒢ળ␠ⷐᣦ 㣮ఽፉ⋵ߦಽᏓߔࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ߦⷰኤߐࠇࠆ⽴㘃ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠞࠗ⑼ߩ⽴㘃߇ᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫⽴ޕ‬㘃ߪਥߦ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯
࡜࡞ࠍ㙄‫↥ޔ‬ෆ႐ᚲ‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍႐ᚲߣߒߡ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ⑼‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ‫࡞࡜࡯ࠦ࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ‬Mollusks in Soft Coral Community
in Kagoshima Prefecture
KAWAI Kei1, WADA Shoko2, OKI Katuki3
1

Research Center for the Pacific Islands Kagoshima University,
2

3

Pricia Inc., Tida Planning Coopolation
Abstract

Research was conducted to study ecology of mollusks inhabited in soft coral
community in Kagoshima prefecture. Mollusks in Ovulidae were mainly observed.
They feed, produced eggs on, and escaped beneath soft coral.
Key words: Kagoshima, Ovulidae, soft coral✜⸒ㄭᐕ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ฦᣇ㕙߳ߩᓇ㗀߇ ᔨߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠧࡦࠨޕ‬ખ㑆ߪⶊ⯻⮺ࠍ૕ౝߦ↢ᕷߐߖ౒↢㑐ଥࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᳓᷷߇਄᣹ߔࠆߣⶊ⯻⮺߇૕ᄖ߳ㅏߍߡߒ߹޿ࠨࡦࠧߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎߇⿠ߎࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߦ઻߁᳓᷷ߩ਄᣹߇⛮⛯ߔࠇ߫‫ࠧࡦࠨޔ‬㘃ߩ⊕ൻ⃻⽎߳ߩࠃࠅ৻ጀߩ
ᓇ㗀߇ ᔨߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

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ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ↢‛ߦߣߞߡᦨㆡߥⓨ㑆ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ⓨ㑆ߦ㓸߹ࠆ↢‛ࠍ㙄ߦߔࠆ↢‛߽ᄙߊ㓸߹ߞߡߊࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬᳓᷷਄᣹ߦ઻߁ࠨࡦࠧߩ⊕ൻ߇৻ጀㅴ߼߫ᄙߊߩ↢‛ߦߣߞߡߩ㙄߿ㆱ㔍႐ᚲߥߤ߇ߥߊߥߞߚࠅ↢ᕷⓨ㑆߇ߥߊߥࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬᳓᷷਄᣹ߦ઻߁⊕ൻ⃻⽎ߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍૐਅߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⊕ൻ⃻⽎߿↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪࠨࡦࠧ␂ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆࠨࡦࠧ㘃ߦ㓸ਛߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬หߓࠃ߁ߦⶊ⯻⮺ࠍᜬߟ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞㘃ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪ޽߹ࠅߥߐࠇ
ߡ޿ߥ޿‫⎇ᧄߢߎߘޕ‬ⓥߢߪ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ߦᵈ⋡ߒ‫↢ߦߎߘޔ‬ᕷߔࠆ⽴㘃⋧ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞㘃ߣ⽴㘃ߩ⋧੕㑐ଥࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᣇᴺ
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㪈㪉㪅㪏⺞ᩏᤨ㑆㩿ಽ㪀 ⺞ᩏᤨ᳓᷷㩿㷄㪀
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㪈㪌

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䊍䉣䊮䉻

㪎᦬㪈㪉ᣣ

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5㧦࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞‫*ޔ‬㧦ࠨࡦࠧ␂‫ޔ‬5C㧦⍾࿾‫ޔ‬㧰㧦ࠬࠠࡘ࡯ࡃ࠳ࠗࡆࡦࠣ‫ޔ‬㧿㨡㧦ࠬࠠࡦ࠳ࠗࡆࡦࠣ

⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ

࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞⟲㓸ࠍ೑↪ߔࠆ⽴㘃⺞ᩏߪਥߦ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞⟲㓸ߩಽᏓߔࠆ႐ᚲ㧔࿑ 㧕ߣߒߚ߇ኻ⽎ၞߣߒߡࠨࡦࠧ␂ߣ⍾࿾߇ਥߥ࿾ၞߦ߅޿ߡ߽ⴕߞߚ‫߇࡞࡜࡯ࠦ࠻ࡈ࠰ޕ‬ਥߦಽᏓߔࠆ႐
ᚲߦߪࠨࡦࠧ␂ห᭽ߦ㝼㘃߇ᄙߊⷰኤߐࠇߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏᤨߩ᳓ᷓߪ 㨙߆ࠄ 㨙ߢ޽ߞߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߪᄐ႐ߦⴕߞߚߩߢ᳓᷷ߪ  ᐲࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑㧝㧚ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢⷰኤߐࠇߚ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞⟲㓸70⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ਛߢ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞਄ߦ  ⒳㘃ߩ⽴㘃߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ဌᵤߦ߅޿ߡ࠙
ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗߣࡑࡔ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦ߅޿ߡ࠮ࡓࠪ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉߦ߅޿ߡ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑ 㧕‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏᦼ㑆ᄖߢߪᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦ߅޿ߡࡑࡔ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗߣ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ဌᵤߢ࠮ࡓࠪ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠟࠟࠗߩⷰ
ኤ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᴡว࡮⥝‫⴫⊒ᧂޔ‬㧕‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿾ၞߦ߅޿ߡ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ
࡯࡜࡞ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ⽴㘃ߪ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ⑼ߩ⽴㘃߇ਥߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߦ߅޿ߡ⺞ᩏߪㅴࠎߢ޿ߥ޿߇ߎࠇࠄ⽴㘃ߩ✲ᐲߦ઻߁ಽᏓ
ߩ㆑޿ߪߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑㧞㧚ⷰኤߐࠇߚࡑࡔ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ㧔Ꮐ㧕ߣ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ㧔ฝ㧕






⽴ߩ↢ᘒ
 ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢⷰኤߐࠇߚ࠮ࡓࠪ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗߩ  ୘૕ߪ↥ෆਛߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ෆᢙߪ  ୘ⷰኤߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᢙ࠮ࡦ࠴㔌ࠇߚ႐ᚲߦ↥ෆᓟߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ∥߇  ࡨᚲⷰኤߐࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᢙ࠮ࡦ࠴㔌ࠇߚ⇣ߥࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞਄ߦ߽߁৻඘ߩ࠮ࡓࠪ࠙ࡒ࠙
ࠨࠡࠟࠗ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ‫ⶄߪࠗࠟࠡࠨ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠪࡓ࠮ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᢙ࿁ߩ↥ෆࠍ⍴ᦼ㑆ߦⴕ߁น⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫⺞ߩߎޕ‬ᩏᤨߦߪⷰኤߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇ဌᵤߦ߅޿ߡ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗߪ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞਄ߦ㗫❥ߦ↥ෆࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ⷰኤߐࠇ
ߡ߅ࠅ㧔࿑ 㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ખ㑆ߪ↥ෆၮ⾰ߣߒߡ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬71࿑㧟㧚࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞਄ߦ↥ෆߔࠆ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗߣෆ
ဌᵤߦಽᏓߔࠆ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗߪ࡙ࡆࡁ࠙࠻ࠨࠞࠍ៨㙄ߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ߣਈ⺰ፉߦߪ࡙ࡆࡁ࠙࠻ࠨࠞߪⷰኤߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߕ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉߢߪࠞ࠲࠻ࠨࠞߩખ㑆ߣ࠙ࡀ࠲ࠤߩખ㑆ࠍ៨㙄ߒߡ޿ߚ‫✲ߩ࡞࡜࡯ࠦ࠻ࡈ࠰ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬ᐲߦ઻߁ಽ
Ꮣߩ㆑޿‫ߩࠗࠟࠡࠨ࠙ࡒ࠙ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㙄ߩㆬ⠨ᕈߩ࿾ၞᄌ⇣ߩน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߪࠗࠟࠡࠨ࠙ࡒ࠙ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㙄ߣߥࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ਅߦ៨㙄ࠍߒߥ޿ߢⷰኤߐ
ࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ࠍ࡞࡜࡯ࠦ࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ‬ㆱ㔍႐ᚲߣߒߡ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߢߪࠞࠢ࡟ࠛࡆߩખ㑆߇࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ਄ߢⷰኤߐࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ဌᵤߦ߅޿ߡ߽⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ᄖߦࠞࠢ࡟ࠛࡆߩખ㑆ࠍ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ਄ߦ߅޿ߡⷰኤߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄࠞࠢ࡟ࠛࡆߣ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ‫ⶄߩߣ࡞࡜࡯ࠦ࠻ࡈ࠰ߡߒߘޔ‬㔀ߥ⋧੕㑐ଥ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞ߦ↢ᕷߔࠆ⽴㘃ߣߒߡ࠙ࡒ࠙ࠨࠡࠟࠗ⑼ߩ
⽴㘃߇ⷰኤߐࠇ‫↥ޔ‬ෆၮ⾰‫ޔ‬㙄‫ޔ‬ㆱ㔍႐ᚲߣߒߡ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ߒ߼ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫⟲࡞࡜࡯ࠦ࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ‬㓸ߦߪ㝼㘃߽ᄙߊⷰኤߐࠇ‫↢ߥ߁ࠃߩࡆࠛ࡟ࠢࠞߚ߹ޔ‬‛߽ಽᏓߒߡ߅ࠅ࠰ࡈ࠻ࠦ࡯࡜࡞⟲㓸ౝߦߪⶄ㔀ߥ⋧੕㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫੹ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߪ㒢ࠄࠇߚᦼ㑆ߣ႐ᚲߢߒ߆ⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞ
ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ቄ▵ᄌൻߩⷰኤ߿ࠃࠅᄙߊߩ⺞ᩏ࿾ࠍჇ߿ߔߥߤࠃࠅ৻ጀߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠅߎࠇࠄߩ㑐ଥࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⻢ㄉᧄ⺞ᩏߦߏදജ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᄶ⟤ᄢፉߩਛ↰⇐ᒄ‫ޔ‬ᄥ↰᮸㉿‫ޔ‬ᅏ᧛ᥰᄦߩฦ૏ߦ
߅␞ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬

72ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ᣸⯻⋧ 㧙㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯߅ࠃ߮ධ⷏⻉ፉߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅ 㧙ဈᏎ␽ቁ࡮ᵤ↰ൎ↵㣮ఽፉᄢቇㄘቇㇱⷐ⚂  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߅ࠃ߮  ᦬  ᣣߦ㣮ఽፉ⋵═ᴕ↸ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ ޕ‬⒳ߩ㠦⠅⋡‫ ޔ‬⒳ߩ㕽⠅⋡‫ ޔ‬⒳ߩࠧࠠࡉ࡝⋡ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫  ߜ߁ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬⒳߇ᧄ⟲ፉᣂ⸥㍳⒳ߢ޽ߞߚ‫߈ߴߔ╩․ޕ‬⍮⷗ߣߒߡߪࠧࠠࡉ࡝⋡ߢߪ࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ዻ ࡓࠞࠪࠧࠠࡉ࡝⑼ ߩᧂ⸥タ⒳  ⒳߇⊒⷗ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㠦⠅⋡ߢߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩ  ὐߩᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈⊒⷗߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ԙࡁࡔࠗࠟ㘃
࠷࠻ࠟ⑼ ߩߥ߆ߢߪߓ߼ߡẜ⪲ᕈߩᐜ⯻ࠍ⊒⷗ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ԙ ᦬ߩ⺞ᩏߦ߅޿ߡነ
ਥᬀ‛ߩߥ޿ᧄ⟲ፉߦᄢ㊂ߩࠦ࠽ࠟ 2NWVGNNCZ[NQUVGNNC ࠬࠟ⑼ ߇㘧᧪ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬Ԛࠢࡠࠠࠪ࠲ࠕ࠷ࡃ *[RGPCCOKEC㧔ࡗࠟ⑼㧕ᄢ⊒↢ߦࠃࠆ࠾ࠝ࠙ࡗࡉࡑ
ࠝߩ㘩޿ዧߒ߇߅ߎߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ԛ࠙ࠬࠦࠞࠢࡕࡦࡂࡑࠠ #FQZQRJ[GUFWDKC ࡂ
ࡑࠠࠟ⑼ ߇ᄢ⊒↢ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬Ⓜᧃߦߪߎࠇ߹ߢߦหቯᷣߺߩ᣸⯻⟲࡝ࠬ࠻ ⒳ ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧔#RRGPFKZ㧕‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦ቝᴦ⟲ፉ‫ޔ‬᣸⯻⋧‫࡝ࡉࠠࠧ࡝࡞ޔ‬ዻߩ  ⒳‫ޔ‬ẜ⪲ᕈࡁࡔࠗࠟ㘃‫ޔ‬ࠦ࠽ࠟᄢ㊂㘧᧪‫ޔ‬ᄢ⊒↢Insect faunal survey of Uji Islands, Kagoshima Japan: faunal
association between mainland of Kagoshima and Nansei
Islands
SAKAMAKI Yositaka and TSUDA Katsuo
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University
Abstract
A insect faunal survey of Uttchima island in the Uji Iss. of Kagoshima prefecture
was conducted on 10th May and 13-14th August in 2005. Sixty three species of
Lepidoptera, 28 species of Coleoptera and 4 species of Blattaria are enumerated from73

the Island (Appendix 1). Of them 59 species (3 of Blattaria, 16 of Coleoptera and 44 of
Lepidoptera) were newly recorded from the Island.
cockroach, Eucorydia sp. was found.
interesting phenomena.

An undescribed species ofIn lepidopteran fauna, we could detect three

1) Discovery of larval leafmining property in the subfamily

Pyraustinae of the family Crambidae. 2) Although no host plants, Cruciferae, were
found from the island in a visit of May, we found mass-migration of Diamondback,Plutella xylostella.

3)A noctuid moth, Hypena amica, and a tortricid moth,Adoxophyes dubia were outbreak and plagues, while they were seldom collected
species in large number in the mainland of Kagoshima Prefecture.
Keywords: Uji Iss., insect fauna, Eucorydia sp., leafmining Pyraustin moth,mass-migration of Diamondback moth, outbreak  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߅ࠃ߮  ᦬  ᣣߦ㣮ఽፉ⋵═ᴕ↸ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫⟲ᧄޕ‬ፉߦ߅޿ߡߪᄢේ ‫ޔ ޔ‬ᳯᐔ  ‫↰⑔ޔ‬ ‫ޔ‬ᑝ᫪㧔‫ޔ‬㧕‫ޔ‬ਛፃ㧔㧕ࠄ߇ว⸘ߢ  ⋡  ⑼  ⒳ߩ᣸⯻ߩណ㓸࡮⋡᠄⸥㍳ࠍႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁  ᐲߦࠊߚࠆ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐណ㓸ߐࠇߚ᣸⯻⒳ߪ‫ ޔ‬⒳ࠍ⿧߃ࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߦࠃࠆ♖ᩏ߇ᔅⷐߥ⒳߽ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ߘߩᄢㇱಽ߇ᧂߛ⒳ฬหቯߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬㠦⠅⋡㧔 ⒳㧕‫ޔ‬㕽⠅⋡㧔 ⒳㧕‫⋡࡝ࡉࠠࠧޔ‬㧔 ⒳㧕ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⪺ߦߢߔޔ‬⠪ࠄߩᚻߦࠃߞߡ߶߷ో⒳ߩหቯ߇ᷣࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫  ߜ߁ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬⒳߇ᧄ⟲ፉᣂ⸥㍳⒳ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࠇࠄߩ߁ߜࠧࠠࡉ࡝⋡  ⒳‫ޔ‬㠦⠅⋡ⱌ㘃  ⒳ߪᣣᧄᧂ⸥㍳޽ࠆ޿ߪᧂ⸥タ⒳ߢ޽
ࠆߣផቯߐࠇߚ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪߎࠇࠄߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߆ࠄ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⒳ࠍߣࠅ޽ߍ‫ࠇߘޔ‬ࠄߩᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈⍮⷗ߩ᭎ⷐࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡหቯᷣߺߩ᣸⯻⟲ߦߟ޿ߡߪណ㓸
⸥㍳ࠍ࡝ࠬ࠻ൻߒߡⓂᧃߦ␜ߒߚ㧔#RRGPFKZ㧕‫ߦࠆ౉ߦ⺰ᧄޕ‬వ┙ߜ‫ߩ᦬ ޔ‬਄㒽ߩ㓙ߦ߅਎⹤ߦߥߞߚ㣮ఽፉᄢቇ᳓↥ቇㇱ✵⠌⦁ධᤊਣਸ਼⚵ຬߩ⊝᭽‫᦬ ޔ‬ߩ਄㒽ߩ㓙ߦ߅਎⹤ߦߥߞߚਠᧁ㊁ᏒߩṪ⦁ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯ࡢࡦ⦁㐳‫ޔ‬Ꮉ㦮ศା᳁ߦෘ
ߊᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⺞ᩏߢᓧࠄࠇߚ․⇣ߥ⍮⷗ ࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ዻ ࡓࠞࠪࠧࠠࡉ࡝⑼ ߩᧂ⸥タ⒳ߩ⊒⷗  ᦬  ᣣߩ╙  ࿁⋡ߩ⺞ᩏߦߡ‫࡝ࡉࠠࠧ࡝࡞⑼࡝ࡉࠠࠧࠪࠞࡓޔ‬ዻߩ৻⒳ߩ
ᐜ⯻߇ណ㓸ߢ߈ߚ ౮⌀ C ‫࡝ࡉࠠࠧ࡝࡞ޕ‬ዻߪਥߦ᧲ධࠕࠫࠕᾲᏪߦಽᏓߔࠆ
ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢࠊ߇࿖߆ࠄ࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ Eucorydia yasumatsui Asahina 1 ⒳ߩߺ߇74

⷏⴫ፉߣ⍹၂ፉߦಽᏓߔࠆߎߣ߇ߒࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫࡝ࡉࠠࠧ࡝࡞ߩઁߩߘޕ‬ዻߪ 12⒳߅ࠅ‫ޔ߇ߤࠎߣ߶ߩߘޔ‬ධ㨪᧲ධࠕࠫࠕ㧔ࠗࡦ࠼‫ࠕࠪࡀ࠼ࡦࠗޔࡑ࡞ࡆޔ‬㧕ߩಽᏓߢ‫ޔ‬2 ⒳ߩߺ߇᧲ࠕࠫࠕ㧔บḧ߅ࠃ߮ਛ࿖ධㇱ㧕ߦ↢ᕷߔࠆߎߣ߇⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ዻฦ⒳ߩᐜ⯻ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⸥޿ߒ⹦ߦߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬タ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ
߼‫ޔ‬ᐜ⯻ߦࠃࠆ⒳ߩ್ቯߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᚑ⯻ߩᮡᧄ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬8 ᦬ߦౣ߮ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉࠍߚߕߨ‫ᧄޔ‬⒳ߩណ㓸ࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ࠬࠝޔ‬ᚑ⯻ 1 ୘૕㧔౮⌀㧝b㧕‫ޔ‬ᐜ⯻⚂ 10 ୘૕‫ޔ‬ෆ 2 ෆ㕽ࠍ޽ࠄߚߦណ㓸ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ ߩߎޕ‬1 ୘૕ߩࠝࠬᚑ⯻㧔౮⌀㧝b㧕ߩᒻᘒࠍ♖ᩏߒߚߣߎࠈ೨⠅ߦࠝ࡟ࡦࠫ⦡ߩ᢬⚉߇޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬੤የེߩ╙ 3 ฝ↢ᱺ㋭(third right phallomere)߇㐳ᄢߥߎߣߥߤ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ E. yasumatsui ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ㄭ✼ߥᧂ⸥タ⒳ߣ್ᢿߐࠇߚ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ࠝࠬᚑ⯻ߪ 1 ୘૕ߒ߆ណ㓸ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߩᐜ⯻ࠍ㘺⢒ߒߡ⠀ൻߐߖߚᓟ‫ޔ‬೎Ⓜߦߡ୘૕ᄌ⇣ࠍ฽߼ߡᚑ⯻ߩో૕௝ࠍ⸥ㅀߒߚ޿‫౎ޕ‬㊀ጊ⻉ፉߣᧄፉߪ
ᄢ߈ߊ㓒㔌ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩᧂ⸥タ⒳߇࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ߣ೎⒳ߢ޽ࠆߣߪ޿߃‫ߎޔ‬ߩᄢ߈ߥ㓒㔌ಽᏓߪ‫ޔ‬ᄸᅱߥ⃻⽎ߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ဈ࡮ᶏ⠧ේ㧔1996㧕ߪᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢ‫߈ߒࠄ࡝ࡉࠠࠧ࡝࡞ޔ‬⒳ߩᐜ⯻ࠍណ㓸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⃿℄ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢቇ⾗ᢱ㙚‫ޟ‬㘑᮸㙚‫ߦޠ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉߩർ⼱↸ߢណ㓸ߐࠇߚ࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝߇ᚲ⬿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
㧔http://fujukan.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/ja/index.htmlෳᾖ㧕‫࡞ޔࠄ߆ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ዻߪධ⷏⻉ፉ߆ࠄ࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉࠍ⚻↱ߒߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉ߹ߢᐢߊಽᏓ
ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ධ⷏⻉ፉ‫࡜ࠞ࠻ޔ‬೉ፉߩߤߩፉߦߤߜࠄߩ⒳߇ಽᏓߒ
ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ޔ‬2 ⒳߇౒ሽߔࠆፉ߇޽ࠆߩ߆‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬⒳ߩධ㒢‫ޔ‬ർ㒢߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ㑐ଥߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆╬߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺞ᩏߩ⺖㗴ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬2)ẜ⪲ᕈࡁࡔࠗࠟ㘃(࠷࠻ࠟ⑼)ߩ⊒⷗
 8 ᦬ 13-14 ᣣߩኅፉߩ⺞ᩏᤨߦⅣႺ⋭ߩ࡟࠶࠼࠺࡯࠲ࡉ࠶ࠢᬀ‛ I ߦ߽Ḱ⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳ߣߒߡ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠤ࠽ࠪ࠷࡞ࡕ࠙࡝ࡦࠞ Tylophora tanakae var㧚

glabrescens ߩ⟲⪭ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ࠞࡦ࡝࠙ࡕ࡞࠷ࠪ࠽ࠤߩߎޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ߩᄙߊߩ⪲㧔ടኂ⪲ߩഀวߪ 50㧑⒟ᐲ㧕ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㠦⠅⋡ߩࡂࡕࠣ࡝ࡓࠪ߇ẜࠅㄟߺ‫⪲ߦࠞࡦ࡝࠙ࡕ࡞࠷ࠪ࠽ࠤߩߎޕߚ޿ߡߖߐࠇ߅ߒࠍ⪲ޔ‬ẜࠅߒߡ޿ࠆⱌߩᐜ
⯻ࠍណ㓸ߒ‫ޔ‬ᜬߜ߆߃ߞߡ㘺⢒ߒߚߣߎࠈ࠷࠻ࠟ⑼ࡁࡔࠗࠟ੝⑼ዊⱌߩ 1 ⒳Chabula sp.߇⠀ൻߒߡ߈ߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ዻߩⱌߪߎࠇ߹ߢነਥᬀ‛ਇ᣿ߛߞߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ߎߩ࠷࠻ࠟ⑼ࡁࡔࠗࠟ੝⑼ߢߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᐜ⯻߇⪲ẜࠅߔࠆ⒳߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ነਥᬀ‛߇ᣂ⸥㍳ߥߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޟ‬ẜ⪲ᕈ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬⠌ᕈ⥄૕߇ߎߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢᣂ⊒⷗ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬753)ᄢ㊂ߩࠦ࠽ࠟ Plutella xylostella (ࠬࠟ⑼)㘧᧪
 5 ᦬ߩ⺞ᩏߦ߅޿ߡࠬࠟ⑼ߩࠦ࠽ࠟ Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)߇ፉਛߩ⥋ࠆߣߎࠈߢ‫(ࠣࡦࡇ࡯ࠗࠬޔ‬ᬀ‛ߦะ߆ߞߡή૞ὑߦ᝝⯻✂ࠍᝄࠆ⺞ᩏᣇᴺ)ࠍⴕ
߁ߚ߮ߦᢙ㗡ߕߟ᝝₪ߐࠇ‫⺞ᧄޔ‬ᩏᦼ㑆ਛᭂ߼ߡ㜞ኒᐲߢᚑ⯻߇↢ᕷߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
ᧄ⒳ߪ᳢਎⇇⊛ߦಽᏓߔࠆ⪺ฬߥኂ⯻ߢ‫ޔ‬ᐜ⯻ߪࠕࡉ࡜࠽⑼ᬀ‛ߦߩߺଐሽߒ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯ߢߪ‫ ߷߶ޔ‬1 ᐕਛ⷗ࠄࠇࠆߏߊ޽ࠅ߰ࠇߚኂ⯻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏߢ᝝₪ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇߻ߒࠈਇᕁ⼏ߥߊࠄ޿᥉ㅢߦ
ណࠇࠆ⒳ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ኅፉߩㆊ෰ߩᬀ‛⺞ᩏ⸥㍳ࠍ⚌⸃ߊߣ‫⑼࠽࡜ࡉࠕޔ‬ᬀ‛ߪㄼ࡮ਣ㊁ࠄ㧔1988㧕ߩ⺞ᩏߢࡑࡔࠣࡦࡃࠗ࠽࠭࠽ Lepidium virginicum
Linnaeus ߇ណขߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߺߢ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ೨߽ߘߩᓟ߽ࠕࡉ࡜࠽⑼ᬀ‛ߩ⸥㍳ߪή޿‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ነਥᬀ‛߇ߥ޿ߚ߼‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬᣸⯻⋧⺞ᩏߢߪࠦ࠽ࠟ߇
ណ㓸ߐࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙 8 ᦬ߩ 2 ࿁⋡ߩ⺞ᩏᤨߦߪ‫ࠟ࠽ࠦޔ‬ߪ 1 㗡߽ណ㓸ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬2 ࿁ߩ⺞ᩏࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ፉౝߢࠕࡉ࡜࠽⑼ᬀ‛⪲ⷰኤߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޔࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬5 ᦬ߦⷰኤߐࠇߚᄢ㊂ߩࠦ࠽ࠟߪኅፉએᄖߩ࿯࿾ߢ
⢒ߜ‫ޔ‬㜞ኒᐲߢነਥᬀ‛ߩߥ޿ኅፉߦ㘧᧪ߒߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߪࠟ࠽ࠦޕ‬ᾲᏪේ↥ߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅኙߐߦᒙ޿ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕᤐవ߆ࠄ᧲ർ࿾ᣇ߿ർᶏ㆏
ߢ߽⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ ޔ‬㆏ಾ╓ߩ㐳〒㔌⒖േࠍߔࠆ᣸⯻ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦ߅޿ߡࠦ࠽ࠟ㆐߇㐳〒㔌㘧ⴕࠍߒߡነਥᬀ‛߽ߥ޿ߩߦቝᴦ⟲ፉߢᄢ㊂ߦᚑ⯻߇⊒⷗ߐࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߪነਥᬀ‛ࠍ⷗ߟߌߡߎߩፉߦ㒠ࠅ┙ߞߚߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬᳇⽎߿᳇ᵹ᧦ઙߥߤߩ‛ℂ⊛᧦ઙߩߺߦᡰ㈩ߐࠇߡߎߩፉߦ㒠ࠅ┙ߞߚ߽ߩߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ‫ߩࠟ࠽ࠦޕ‬ᚑ⯻ኼ๮ߪ㊁ᄖࠃࠅ߽᧦ઙߩ⦟޿㘺⢒ⅣႺਅߢ߽1 ㅳ㑆⒟ᐲߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬5 ᦬ 10 ᣣ߹ߢߩ⚂ 1 ㅳ㑆ߦࠦ࠽ࠟࠍቝ
ᴦ⟲ፉߦ㒠ࠅ┙ߚߖߚ᳇⽎ⷐ࿃߇޽ߞߚߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߩߎޕ‬1 ㅳ㑆ߩቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ᳇⽎᧦ઙߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬Ყセ⊛ㄭ〒㔌ߦ޽ࠅหߓᶏᵗፉߢ޽ࠆ↘ፉߩ᳇⽎᷹ⷰ࠺࡯࠲(᳇⽎ᐡ⊒⴫)߆ࠄផቯߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬5 ᦬ 5́6 ᣣߩ 2 ᣣ㑆ߦ㒠㔎߇޽ߞߚ߽ߩߩᲧセ⊛ᅢᄤߢ‫⷏ޔ‬㘑߇ථ⿧ߒߡ޿ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬5 ᦬ 3́6 ᣣߩ 4 ᣣ㑆ߪᐔဋ᳇᷷߇ 20͠ࠍ⿧߃‫ࠟ࠽ࠦޔ‬ᚑ⯻ߩᵴേߦㆡߒߚᣣ߇޽ߞߚ‫ߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߣ߆ࠄ‫⷏ߪࠟ࠽ࠦޔ‬ᣇߦ޽ࠆፉ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔޘ‬ᄢ㒽߆ࠄ㘧᧪ߒߚน⢻ᕈ߇੍ᗐߐࠇ
ࠆ‫⺞ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᩏ 5 ᣣ೨㧔5 ᦬ 5 ᣣ㧕ߦ 1 ᣣߛߌᒝ޿᧲㘑߇ථ⿧ߒߚᣣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩᣣߪ 34mm ߩ㒠㔎߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ߦࠃߞߡߪ㒠㔎߇ߥߊ㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯ߩ⮋៺ඨፉ߆ࠄኅፉߦࠦ࠽ࠟ߇㘧᧪ߢ߈ࠆ᳇⽎᧦ઙ߇޽ߞߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ࠢࡠࠠࠪ࠲ࠕ࠷ࡃ Hypena amica ࡗࠟ⑼ ߦࠃࠆ࠾ࠝ࠙ࡗࡉࡑࠝߩ㘩޿ዧߒ

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 5 ᦬ 10 ᣣߩ⺞ᩏᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ኅፉߩ᷼ઃㄭߩᐔ࿾ㇱࠍࠗ࡜ࠢࠨ⑼ߩ࠾ࠝ࠙ࡗࡉࡑࠝ

Boehmeria gigantea Satake ߇㕍‫޿ⷒߣޘ‬ዧߊߒߡ޿ߚ㧔౮⌀ 2a㧕‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬8
᦬ 13-14 ᣣߦౣ਄㒽ߒߚౣߦߪ‫ߩࠝࡑࡉࡗ࠙ࠝ࠾ޔ‬㕍‫ޟޔߪ⪲ߚߒߣޘ‬㘑೨ߩἮ‫ޠ‬ߣ⸒߁߶ߤࠊߕ߆ߦᷫዋߒߡ޿ߚ‫ࠍ⪲ޔߢ߹ߎߎޕ‬ᷫࠄߒߚ‽ੱߪ‫ߦ߆ߕࠊޔ‬ᱷߞߚࡗࡉࡑࠝߩ⪲ߩ਄ߢ‫⷗ߦߋߔޔ‬ઃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᄢ㊂ߩࠢࡠࠠࠪ࠲ࠕ࠷
ࡃ Hypena amica ߩᐜ⯻ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩ⨍ߩࠝࡑࡉࡗ࠙ࠝ࠾ߩᧄ৻ᧄ৻ޕ‬వߦߪ‫ޔ‬ⓣߛࠄߌߩ⪲ᢙᨎߣᣂ⧘߇ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆߩߛ߇ߎߎߦ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕ 3㧙4 ୘૕ߩࠢࡠࠠࠪ࠲
ࠕ࠷ࡃᐜ⯻߇ขࠅઃ޿ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߣ߾ߒ߻߾ߒ߻࡝ࡃ࡝ࡃޔ‬㖸߇⡞ߎ߃ࠆ߶ߤߦ⪲ࠍ㘩ߴߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ(౮⌀ 2b)‫⥄ࡃ࠷ࠕ࠲ࠪࠠࡠࠢޕ‬૕ߪ‫ࠝࡑࡉࡗ࠙ࠝ࠾ޔ‬એᄖߦࠞ࡜ࡓ߽ࠪ㘩ߒ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯ߢ߽᥉ㅢߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆⱌߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ነਥᬀ‛ࠍ৻⟲⪭ਣ‫ޘ‬ᨗࠄߔࠃ߁ߥᄢ⊒↢ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣߪߥ޿‫⇣ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬Ᏹ⊒↢ߪᧄ⒳ߛߌߢ
ߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬8 ᦬ߩ⺞ᩏߢߪᄛ㑆ߦⴕߞߚἮἫណ㓸↪ߩ࡜ࡦࡊ㧔20 ࡢ࠶࠻㧕ߦᢙ⊖㗡ߩ࠙ࠬࠦࠞࠢࡕࡦࡂࡑࠠ Adoxophyes dubia Yasuda ᚑ⯻߇⺃ᒁߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇ߽ᄢ⊒↢ߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⒳ߪㄭ⇰࿾ᣇ߆ࠄධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߆ߌߡಽᏓߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯એർߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㄭ✼ߢห᭽ߦᏱ✛ᾖ⪲᮸ࠍᅢ߻ᐢ㘩ᕈߩ࠴ࡖࡁࠦࠞ
ࠢࡕࡦࡂࡑࠠ A. honmai Yasuda ߦ⟎឵ߐࠇߡߒ߹޿‫ޔ‬Ṍᄙߦណ㓸ߐࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯ߪ‫߇ࠠࡑࡂࡦࡕࠢࠞࠦࡁࡖ࠴ߣࠠࡑࡂࡦࡕࠢࠞࠦࠬ࠙ޔ‬หᤨߦណ㓸ߐࠇࠆᢙዋߥ޿࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ࡦࡕࠢࠞࠦࡁࡖ࠴ߪࠠࡑࡂࡦࡕ߽ࠢࠞࠦࠬ࠙ߢࠇߘޔ‬ࡂࡑࠠߩ 1 ഀ⒟ᐲߒ߆ណ㓸ߐࠇߥ޿‫ߦ᥅৻ޕ‬ᢙච㗡ߣណࠇࠆߎߣߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿‫ޕ‬৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉߦ߹ߢਅࠆߣ࠙ࠬࠦࠞࠢࡕࡦࡂࡑࠠߒ߆ಽᏓߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇
⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߪ࠙ࠬࠦࠞࠢࡕࡦࡂࡑࠠߛࠄߌߢ޽ࠆ
ߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ‫ߡߞߣߦࠠࡑࡂࡦࡕࠢࠞࠦࠬ࠙ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߪ࿾
ℂ⊛ߥ〒㔌ߎߘ㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯ߦᭂ߼ߡㄭ޿߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬᳇୥߿ነਥᬀ‛╬ߩ᧦ઙߪ߻
ߒࠈᴒ✽ߥߤߦㄭ޿ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ࡃ࠷ࠕ࠲ࠪࠠࡠࠢޔߚ߹ޕ‬ߣ࠙ࠬࠦࠞࠢࡕࡦࡂࡑࠠߩᄢ⊒↢੐଀߆ࠄ‫ߩߎޔ‬ፉߩ↢ᘒ♽߇Ყセ⊛න⚐ߢߎߩࠃ߁ߥᄢ⊒↢߇⿠ߎࠅ߿ߔ޿ⅣႺߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߣផቯߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬න⚐ߥ↢ᘒ♽ߢߩᄢ⊒↢ߪ⾗Ḯߩᨗᷢࠍዉߊߚ߼‫ޔ‬㐳ߊ⛯ߊߎߣߪߥߊߖ޿ߗ޿
ᢙᐕߢ෼᧤ߦะ߆߁ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ፉᎩㇱߦ߅ߌࠆ᣸⯻ߩᄢ⊒↢߿ർ਄ߩ੐଀ߥߤࠍ᳇୥ᄌേߥߤߩᜰᮡߣߔࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᢙᐕ㑆ߦ߹ߚ߇ࠆ⛮⛯⊛ߥ⺞ᩏ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬᣸⯻⋧߆ࠄ⷗ߚቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ૏⟎ઃߌነਥᬀ‛߇ߥ޿ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕࠦ࠽ࠟᚑ⯻߇ᄢ㊂㘧᧪ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ኂ⯻
ߩ⒖േ⚻〝ߩਛ⛮࿾ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቝᴦ⟲ፉ߇೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

77߽ߜࠈࠎ‫ޔ‬5 ᦬⺞ᩏᤨߦነਥᬀ‛߇ߥ޿ቝᴦ⟲ፉߦ㒠ࠅߚ⯻ߚߜߪߘߩ߹߹ፉ߆
ࠄ㘧߮┙ߟߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕߦᱫࠎߛน⢻ᕈุ߽ቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ᤨޔࠃߖߦࠇߕ޿ޕ‬㑆⊛ߦㅪ⛯ߒߚㅊട⺞ᩏ߆‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬࿾ℂ⊛ߦㅪ⛯ߒߚㅊട⺞ᩏ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ‫ޔ‬ࠢࡠࠠࠪ࠲ࠕ࠷ࡃߣ࠙ࠬࠦࠞࠢࡕࡦࡂࡑࠠߩᄢ⊒↢ߩᤨ㑆⊛ㅪ⛯ᕈ߿࿾ℂ⊛ㅪ⛯ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ߽⺞ߴࠆߎߣߢ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⃻⽎߇৻ㆊᕈߩ߽ߩ߆‫ޔ‬᳇୥ᄌേߥߤߦࠃ
ࠆಽᏓ᜛ᄢߩ⃻ࠇߥߩ߆ߥߤߩ್ᢿ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ࡉࠠࠧ࡝࡞ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࡝ዻᧂ⸥タ⒳ߩಽᏓ߽⃻࿷ߩፉߩ᳇୥߿ੱὑ⊛ߥⅣႺ߳ߩᓇ㗀ߩ⒟ᐲࠍ⹏ଔߔ
ࠆᜰᮡߦߥࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᒁ↪ᢥ₂੹ဈᱜ৻࡮ᶏ⠧ේ౞‫ޔ‬1996. ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢណ㓸ߒߚ᣸⯻㘃㧚Korasana 64: 1-39.
ᳯᐔᙗᴦ‫ޔ‬1994㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ⥄ὼ࡮᣸⯻㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚‫ޡ‬㣮ఽፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏ੐ᬺႎ๔ᦠධ⮋ߩ⥄ὼ‫ޢ‬: 112-113.
ᄢේ᣽ብ‫ޔ‬1984㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉ࡮ะፉߢណ㓸ߒߚⲔ㘃㧚SATSUMA 33(91): 71-72.
ᄢේ᣽ብ‫ޔ‬1985㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉะፉߩ↲⯻⸥㍳㧚SATSUMA 34(93): 10.
ㄼ㕒↵࡮ਣ㊁ൎᢅ‫ޔઁޔ‬1988㧚 ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩᬀ‛⋧㧚㣮ఽፉᄢቇㄘቇㇱṶ⠌ᨋႎ๔㧚16㧦 83-105.
ਛፃᶈม 2004㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉ 2003 ᐕ 7 ᦬ߩ᣸⯻[ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐႎ๔
(ߘߩ 3)]㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ 23: 6-11.
ᑝ᫪ᢅᤘ‫ޔ‬2002. 2001 ᐕ 11 ᦬ቝᴦ⟲ፉߩ᣸⯻[ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐႎ๔]㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ 21: 14-18.
ᑝ᫪ᢅᤘ‫ޔ‬2003. ቝᴦ⟲ፉ 2002 ᐕ 4 ᦬‫ޔ‬9 ᦬‫ޔ‬10 ᦬ߩ᣸⯻[ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߩ⥄ὼ⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐႎ๔(ߘߩ 2)]㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵┙ඳ‛㙚⎇ⓥႎ๔ 22: 19-37.
⑔↰᥍ᄦ‫ޔ‬2002㧚᪍‛ᱜ⟤᳁ߩ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆቝᴦ⟲ፉߩⲔ㘃㧚SATSUMA 52(126):102-112.
Appendix 1ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉ䇮᣸⯻ណ㓸䊥䉴䊃䋨㪉㪇㪇㪌 ᐕ 㪌 ᦬ 㪈㪇 ᣣ䈍䉋䈶 㪏 ᦬ 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋 ᣣ䋩㩷ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉ䇮᣸⯻ណ㓸䊥䉴䊃䋨㪉㪇㪇㪌ᐕ㪌᦬㪈㪇ᣣ䈍䉋䈶㪏᦬㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋ᣣ䋩㩷
⋡㩷

⑼㩷

๺ฬ㩷

䉯䉨䊑䊥
䉯䉨䊑䊥⑼㩷
䉡䊦䉲䉯䉨䊑䊥㪁㩷⋡㩷䊙䉻䊤䉯䉨䊑䊥
㩷䉰䉿䊙䉯䉨䊑䊥㩷⑼㩷
㩷㩷 䊙䊦䉯䉨䊑䊥⑼

ቇฬ㩷

ណ㓸ᣣ㩷

㪧㪼㫉㫀㫇㫃㪸㫅㪼㫋㪸㩷㫁㪸㫇㪸㫅㫅㪸 㩷 㩷 㪘㫊㪸㪿㫀㫅㪸㩷 㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷

㪦㫇㫀㫊㫋㪿㫆㫇㫃㪸㫋㫀㪸㩷㫆㫉㫀㪼㫅㫋㪸㫃㫀㫊 㩷 㩷 㩿㪙㫌㫉㫄㪼㫀㫊㫋㪼㫉㪀㩷 㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊍䊜䊙䊦䉯䉨䊑䊥㪁㩷㗡ᢙ㪫㫉㫀㪺㪿㫆㪹㫃㪸㫋㫋㪸㩷㫇㫐㪾㫄㪸㪼㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪪㪿㫀㫉㪸㫂㫀㪀㩷 㩷䊛䉦䉲䉯䉨䊑䊥
㩷䊦䊥䉯䉨䊑䊥ዻ䈱㪈⒳㪁 㪜㫌㪺㫆㫉㫐㪻㫀㪸 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷⑼㩷

㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷

㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌

஻⠨㩷

㪋

㩷

㪌

ᐜ⯻฽䉃㩷

㪋

ᐜ⯻฽䉃㩷

㪉
㪉

㩷
ᐜ⯻㩷

78

㩷
㠦⠅⋡㩷 䉝䉭䊊䉼䊢䉡⑼㩿䉼䊢䉡䉲䉳䊚䉼䊢䉡⑼㩷㘃㪀㩷㩷㩷 䉲䊨䉼䊢䉡⑼㩷
㩷 䉺䊁䊊䉼䊢䉡⑼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 䊁䊮䉫䉼䊢䉡⑼㩷㩷㩷 䊙䉻䊤䉼䊢䉡⑼㩷
㠦⠅⋡㩷 䉼䊎䉧⑼㩷㩿ⱌ㘃㪀㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪞㫉㪸㫇㪿㫀㫌㫄㩷㫊㪸㫉㫇㪼㪻㫆㫅㩷㫅㫀㫇㫇㫆㫅㫌㫄 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉝䉥䉴䉳䉝䉭䊊㩷
㩿㪝㫉㫌㪿㫊㫋㫆㫉㪽㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪥㪸㪺㪸㪻㫌㪹㪸㩷㫂㫌㫉㪸㫍㪸㩷
㫊㪼㫇㫋㪼㫅㫋㫉㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㫀㫊㩷 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉝䊙䊚䉡䊤䊅䊚䉲䉳䊚㩷㪪㪿㫀㫉㫆㫑㫌㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
Pseudozizeeriamahaargia 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊟䊙䊃䉲䉳䊚㩷
(Ménétriès)㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉨䉼䊢䉡㩷㪜㫌㫉㪼㫄㪸㩷㪿㪼㪺㪸㪹㪼㩷㪿㪼㪺㪸㪹㪼 㩷 㩷 㩿㪣㫀㫅㫅㪸㪼㫌㫊㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䉝䉦䉺䊁䊊㩷
㪭㪼㫅㪼㫊㫊㪸㩷㫀㫅㪻㫀㪺㪸㩷㫀㫅㪻㫀㪺㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪟㪼㫉㪹㫊㫋㪀㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪚㫐㫉㪼㫊㫋㫀㫊㩷㫋㪿㫐㫆㪻㪸㫄㪸㫊㩷㫄㪸㪹㪼㫃㫃㪸 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉟䉲䉧䉬䉼䊢䉡㪁㩷㪝㫉㫌㪿㫊㫋㫆㫉㪽㪼㫉㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪢㪸㫅㫀㫊㫂㪸㩷 㪺㪸㫅㪸㪺㪼㩷 㫅㫆㪄㫁㪸㫇㫆㫅㫀㪺㫌㫄 㩿㫍㫆㫅㩷 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊦䊥䉺䊁䊊㩷
㪪㫀㪼㪹㫆㫃㪻㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊁䊮䉫䉼䊢䉡㪁㩷
㪣㫀㪹㫐㫋㪿㪼㪸㩷㪺㪼㫃㫋㫀㫊㩷㪺㪼㫃㫋㫆㫀㪻㪼㫊 㩷㪝㫉㫌㪿㫊㫋㫆㫉㪽㪼㫉㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㩷䉝䉰䉩䊙䉻䊤㩷
㪧㪸㫉㪸㫅㫋㫀㪺㪸㩷㫊㫀㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪢㫆㫃㫃㪸㫉㪀㪅㩷 㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪙㫌㪺㪺㫃㪸㫋㫉㫀㫏 㩷 ዻ䈱৻⒳㪁 㪙㫌㪺㪺㫃㪸㫋㫉㫀㫏 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉝䉦䉥䊎䊖䉸䊊䊙䉨㪁㪜㫌㫇㫆㪼㪺㫀㫃㫀㪸㩷㫂㫆㪹㪼㪸㫅㪸 㩷 㩷 㪩㪸㫑㫆㫎㫊㫂㫀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉝䉲䊑䊃䊍䊜䊊䊙䉨㩷㪚㫉㫐㫇㫋㫆㫇㪿㫃㪼㪹㫀㪸㩷㫆㫄㪹㫉㫆㪻㪼㫃㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪣㫆㫎㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉟䉫䉰䊍䊜䊊䊙䉨㪁㩷㪙㪸㪺㫋㫉㪸㩷㪽㫌㫉㪽㫌㫉㪸㫅㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪟㪸㫎㫆㫉㫋㪿㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㩷䊊䊙䉨䉧⑼㩷㩷㩷㩷䉡䉴䉮䉦䉪䊝䊮䊊䊙䉨㩷㪘㪻㫆㫏㫆㫇㪿㫐㪼㫊㩷㪻㫌㪹㫀㪸 㩷 㩷 㪰㪸㫊㫌㪻㪸㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䉡䉴䉲䊨䊝䊮䊍䊜䊊䊙㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪥㫆㫋㫆㪺㪼㫃㫀㪸㩷㪸㫌㫋㫆㫃㫀㫋㪿㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪤㪼㫐㫉㫀㪺㫂㪀㩷
䉨㪁㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
䉥䉥䉶䊮䉻䊮䊍䊜䊊䊙㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪛㫌㪻㫌㪸㩷㪸㫇㫉㫆㪹㫆㫃㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪤㪼㫐㫉㫀㪺㫂㪀㩷
䉨㪁㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
㪞㫐㫅㫅㫀㪻㫆㫄㫆㫉㫇㪿㪸㩷㫍㪼㪺㫋㫀㫊㪸㫅㪸 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉮䊖䉸䊊䊙䉨㪁㩷
㩿㪟㫌㫄㫇㪿㫉㪼㫐㫊㩷㩽㩷㪮㪼㫊㫋㫎㫆㫆㪻㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊖䉸䊋䉼䊎䊍䊜䊊䊙䉨㪁 㪣㫆㪹㪼㫊㫀㪸㩷㪸㪼㫆㫃㫆㫇㪸 㩷 㩷 㪤㪼㫐㫉㫀㪺㫂㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪦㫃㪼㫋㪿㫉㪼㫌㫋㪼㫊 ዻ䈱৻⒳ 㪦㫃㪼㫋㪿㫉㪼㫌㫋㪼㫊 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊊䊙䊍䉰䉦䉨䊊䊝䉫䊥㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪣㫐㫆㫅㪼㫋㫀㪸㩷㫄㪼㫉㫀㪻㫀㪸㫅㪸 㩷㪢㫌㫉㫆㫂㫆㩷
䉧㪁㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
㪧㪿㫆㪻㫆㫉㫐㪺㫋㫀㫊㩷 㫊㫋㪼㫇㪿㪸㫅㫀㪸㪼 㩷 㪢㫌㫄㪸㫋㪸㩷 㩽㩷㪧㪿㫆㪻㫆㫉㫐㪺㫋㫀㫊 ዻ䈱㪈⒳㪁
㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪢㫌㫉㫆㫂㫆㩷
㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪧㪿㫐㫉㫆㪺㫅㫀㫊㫋㫀㫊 㩷 ዻ 䈱㪈⒳㪧㪿㫐㫉㫆㪺㫅㫀㫊㫋㫀㫊 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪁㩷䉮䊅䉧㪁㩷㪧㫃㫌㫋㪼㫃㫃㪸㩷㫏㫐㫃㫆㫊㫋㪼㫃㫃㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪣㫀㫅㫅㪸㪼㫌㫊㪀㩷 㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊖䉸䊋䉮䉴䉧㪁㩷
㪯㫐㫉㫆㫊㪸㫉㫀㫊㩷㫃㫀㪺㪿㫅㪼㫌㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㪤㪼㫐㫉㫀㪺㫂㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
㩷

㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 䊊䊝䉫䊥䉧⑼㩷
㩷 䊖䉸䉧⑼㩷
㩷㩷 䉮䊊䊝䉫䉧⑼㩷
㩷 䉴䉧⑼㩷
㩷㩷 䉴䉦䉲䊋䉧⑼㩷

䊛䊤䉰䉨䉴䉦䉲䊋㪁㩷㩷 䊙䊦䊊䉨䊋䉧⑼ 䊚䉿䊗䉲䉨䊋䉧㪁㩷㩷䉨䉟䊨䊙䉟䉮䉧㪁㩷䉡䉴䉟䊨䉦䉱䊥䊋㪁㩷

㩷

㪉

㩷

㪍

㩷

㪈
㪉

㩷
䊆䉥䉡䊟䊑䊙䉥਄䈮ᐜ⯻㩷

㪈

㩷

㪈

㩷

㪉

㩷
㩷

㪉

㩷
㩷

㪈

䉨䉳䊢䊤䊮਄䈮ᐜ⯻㩷

㪉

㩷

㪊

㩷

㪈

㩷

㪊

㩷

㪌

䊆䉥䉡䊟䊑䊙䉥㪃㩷 䊊䉴䊉䊊䉦䉵䊤䋬䊝䉪䉺䉼䊋䊅╬ 䈎䉌⠀
ൻ㩷

㪈㪈

㩷

㪈
㪉

㩷
㩷

㪈

㩷

㪉

㩷

㪉

㩷

㪊

ಽᏓ䋺྾࿖㪃਻Ꮊ㪃ደਭፉ㪒㩷㪊䊊䉴䊉䊊䉦䉵䊤䉋䉍⠀ൻ㩷㪍ಽᏓ 䋺ᧄᎺ 䇮྾ ࿖㪃ደ ਭፉ 䋻บḧ㩷㪈䊝䉪䉺䉼䊋䊅䉋䉍⠀ൻ㩷

㪊

㩷

㪈

㩷

㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪈㪘㫌㫋㫆㫊㫋㫀㪺㪿㪸㩷㫄㫆㪻㫀㪺㪼㫃㫃㪸 㩷㩿㪚㪿㫉㫀㫊㫋㫆㫇㪿㪀㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷

㪊

ධ㒢䈎㪖㩷

㪪㫋㪸㫋㪿㫄㫆㫇㫆㪻㪸㩷㪸㫌㫉㫀㪽㪼㫉㪼㫃㫃㪸 㩷㩿㪮㪸㫃㫂㪼㫉㪀㩷 㩷䊈䊙䊦䊊䉨䊋䉧
㪙㫃㪸㫊㫋㫆㪹㪸㫊㫀㫊 ዻ䈱৻⒳㪁 㪙㫃㪸㫊㫋㫆㪹㪸㫊㫀㫊 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷⑼㩷

㩷 䉦䉱䊥䊋䉧⑼㩷

㪈㪥㫆㫂㫆㫅㪸㩷㫇㫌㫉㫇㫌㫉㪼㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪰㪸㫅㫆㪀㩷㩷㩷䈉䈤㪈㗡䈱䉂ᚑ⯻㩷䉣䊎䊀䊦⨍ 䈱⯻ 䉣䉟䉋䉍⠀ൻ㩷䊍 䉭䊅 䉧䉨 䊋 䉧 䉨䊔䊥䊊䉟䊍䉭䊅䉧䉨㩷㪟㫆㫄㪸㫃㫆㫏㪼㫊㫋㫀㫊㩷㫄㫐㪼㫃㫆㫏㪼㫊㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㪤㪼㫐㫉㫀㪺㫂㩷⑼㩷
䊋䉧㪁㩷 㩷
㪪㫋㪸㫋㪿㫄㫆㫇㫆㪻㪸 ዻ 䈱 㪈 ⒳㩷 䊆䉶䊙䉟䉮䉧⑼㪪㫋㪸㫋㪿㫄㫆㫇㫆㪻㪸 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷㪁㩷㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪈㪈㪚㫆㫊㫄㫆㫇㫋㪼㫉㫀㫏㩷㫍㫀㪺㫋㫆㫉 㩷 㩷 㪪㫋㫉㫀㫅㪾㪼㫉㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷

㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪌㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌

㪈

㩷

㪈

㩷

㪉

㩷

㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷

㪈㪈㪙㪅㩷㫇㪸㫉㫂㫀㩷 䈮㘃ૃ䈜䉎㩷
㩷

79

㩷
㩷 䉨䊋䉧⑼㩷

䉩䊮䉴䉳䊃䉧䊥䊖䉸䉧㪁㪘㫅㪸㫉㫊㫀㪸 ዻ䈱৻⒳㪁㩷

㪣㪸㪹㪻㫀㪸㩷㫅㫀㫇㪿㫆㫊㫋㫀㪺㫋㪸 㩷㩿㪤㪼㫐㫉㫀㪺㫂㪀㩷㪘㫅㪸㫉㫊㫀㪸 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷 㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪈㪊㩷㩷㪘㫉㫀㫊㫋㫆㫋㪼㫃㫀㪸 ዻ䈱৻⒳㪁 㪘㫉㫀㫊㫋㫆㫋㪼㫃㫀㪸 㩷㫊㫇㪅㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷

㪉

㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 䊙䊄䉧⑼㩷
㩷 䉿䊃䉧⑼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 䊜䉟䉧⑼㩷
㩷㩷㩷 䉲䊞䉪䉧⑼㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 䉴䉵䊜䉧⑼㩷㩷㩷 䊄䉪䉧⑼㩷
㩷 䊟䉧⑼㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㕽⠅⋡㩷 䉥䉰䊛䉲⑼㩷㩷㩷㩷㪘㪅㩷 㪹㫀㫇㫀㫅㫅㪸㫋㪸 䉇㪅 㩷 㪘㪅㩷 㫇㪸㫋㫌㫃㪼㫃㫃㪸 㩷䈮㘃ૃ䈜䉎㩷
ᧂ⸥タ⒳䈱น⢻ᕈ䈅䉍㩷㪘㪅㩷㪾㪸㫃㪼㫆㫋㫀㫊 㩷 䈮㘃ૃ䈜䉎 㩷
ᧂ⸥タ⒳䈱น⢻ᕈ䈅䉍㩷㪤㫆㫅㫆㪺㪿㫉㫆㪸㩷㪺㫆㫅㫊㫇㪼㫉㫊㪼㫃㫃㪸 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪛㪼㫅㪻㫉㫆㫇㪿㫀㫃㫀㪸㩷㫅㪼㫆㫋㪸㫇㪿㫉㫆㫅㫆㫄㪸 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉿䉼䉟䊨䉨䊋䉧㪁㩷㪧㫆㫅㫆㫄㪸㫉㪼㫅㫂㫆㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊍䊣䊄䊥䉳䊢䉡䉯䉨䊋䉧㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪜㫉㪾㪸㫊㫀㫆㫃㪸㩷㪼㫉㪾㪸㫊㫀㫄㪸 㩷㩿㪤㪼㫐㫉㫀㪺㫂㪀㩷㪁㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊙䉣䊝䊮䊊䉟䉨䊋䉧㪁 㪘㫅㪸㫉㫊㫀㪸㩷㫇㫉㫆㫋㪼㫅㫊㪸 㩷㪧㪸㫉㫂㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉝䉦䉳䊙䊙䊄䉧㪁㩷㪪㫋㫉㫀㪾㫃㫀㫅㪸㩷㪺㪸㫅㪺㪼㫃㫃㪸㫋㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪚㪿㫉㫀㫊㫋㫆㫇㪿㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊉䊜䉟䉧੝⑼䈱৻⒳㩷
㪚㪿㪸㪹㫌㫃㪸 㩷 㩷 㫊㫇㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉪䊪䊉䊜䉟䉧㪁㩷
㪞㫃㫐㫇㪿㫆㪻㪼㫊㩷㫇㫐㫃㫆㪸㫃㫀㫊 㩷㪮㪸㫃㫂㪼㫉㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉲䊨䉣䉫䊥䉿䊃䉧㪁㩷㪞㫃㪸㫌㪺㫆㪺㪿㪸㫉㫀㫊㩷㪼㫏㫊㪼㪺㫋㪼㫃㫃㪸 㩷㩿㪚㪿㫉㫀㫊㫋㫆㫇㪿㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉲䊨䉥䉥䊜䉟䉧㩷
㪪㪺㫀㫉㫇㫆㫇㪿㪸㪾㪸㩷㪼㫏㪺㪼㫉㫇㫋㪸㫃㫀㫊㩷 㩿㪮㪸㫃㫂㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊊䉟䉟䊨䊖䉸䊋䊉䊜䉟䉧㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪛㫆㫃㫀㪺㪿㪸㫉㫋㪿㫉㫀㪸㩷㪹㫉㫌㪾㫌㫀㪼㫉㪸㫃㫀㫊㩷 㩷 㩿㪛㫌㫇㫆㫅㪺㪿㪼㫃㪀㪁㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪟㪼㫉㫇㪼㫋㫆㪾㫉㪸㫄㫄㪸㩷 㫃㫌㪺㫋㫌㫆㫊㪸㫃㪼㩷 㫑㪼㫃㫃㪼㫉㫀㩷 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊝䊮䉨䉪䊨䊉䊜䉟䉧㩷㩿㪙㫉㪼㫄㪼㫉㪀㩷 㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊝䊮䉨䉲䊨䊉䊜䉟䉧㩷㪚㫀㫉㫉㪿㫆㪺㪿㫉㫀㫊㫋㪸㩷㪹㫉㫀㫑㫆㪸㫃㫀㫊 㩷 㩷 㩿㪮㪸㫃㫂㪼㫉㪀㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉟䊉䉡䉣䊃䉧䊥䊜䉟䉧㪁㪜㫅㪻㫆㫋㫉㫀㪺㪿㪸㩷㫀㫅㫆㫌㪼㫀㩷 㩷 㪰㫆㫊㪿㫀㫐㪸㫊㫌㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉡䉴䉥䊎䊃䉧䊥䊜䉟䉧㩷 㪜㫅㪻㫆㫋㫉㫀㪺㪿㪸㩷㪺㫆㫅㫊㫆㪺㫀㪸 㩷㩿㪙㫌㫋㫃㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊃䉰䉦䊐䊃䊜䉟䉧㪁㩷㪣㫆㪺㪸㫊㫋㫉㪸㩷㫄㫌㫊㪺㫆㫊㪸㫃㫀㫊 㩷 㩷 㩿㪮㪸㫃㫂㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉪䊨䊝䊮䉥䉣䉻䉲䊞䉪㪁 㪦㫏㫐㫄㪸㪺㪸㫉㫀㪸㩷㫋㪼㫄㪼㫉㪸㫉㫀㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪪㫎㫀㫅㪿㫆㪼㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䉰 䉱 䊅 䊚 䉲 䊨 䉝 䉥 䉲 䊞 㪫㪿㪸㫃㪸㫊㫊㫆㪻㪼㫊㩷 㫀㫄㫄㫀㫊㫊㪸㫉㫀㫌㫊㩷 㫀㫅㫋㪸㫄㫀㫅㪸㫋㫌㫊 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉪㩷㪠㫅㫆㫌㪼㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊚䉴䉳䊊䉟䉟䊨䊍䊜䉲䊞㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪪㪺㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㩷㪺㫀㫅㪼㫉㪸㫉㫀㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪣㪼㪼㪺㪿㪀㩷
䉪㪁㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
䊣䉿䊝䊮䊙䉣䉲䊨䉝䉥㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪚㫆㫄㫀㪹㪸㪼㫅㪸㩷㫇㫉㫆㪺㫌㫄㪹㪸㫉㫀㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪧㫉㫐㪼㫉㪀㩷
䉲䊞䉪㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉮䉴䉵䊜㪁㩷
㪫㪿㪼㫉㪼㫋㫉㪸㩷㫁㪸㫇㫆㫅㫀㪺㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪙㫆㫀㫊㪻㫌㫍㪸㫃㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊖䉲䊖䉡䉳䊞䉪㩷
㪤㪸㪺㫉㫆㪾㫃㫆㫊㫊㫌㫄㩷㫇㫐㫉㫉㪿㫆㫊㫋㫀㪺㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㪙㫌㫋㫃㪼㫉㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉯䊙䊐䊥䊄䉪䉧㩷
㪪㫆㫄㪼㫅㪸㩷㫇㫌㫃㫍㪼㫉㪼㪸 㩷㩿㪣㪼㪼㪺㪿㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉨䊙䉣䉮䊉䊊㩷
㪜㫌㪻㫆㪺㫀㫄㪸㩷㫊㪸㫃㪸㫄㫀㫅㫀㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪚㫉㪸㫄㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉪䊨䉨䉲䉺䉝䉿䊋㩷㪟㫐㫇㪼㫅㪸㩷㪸㫄㫀㪺㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪙㫌㫋㫃㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㩷㪈㪇㪅㩷㫍㪅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊊䊙䉥䊝䊃䊣䊃䉡㩷㪙㫉㫀㫋㪿㫐㫊㩷㪺㫉㫀㫅㫀㩷㪺㫉㫀㫅㫀 㩷 㩷 㩿㪝㪸㪹㫉㫀㪺㫀㫌㫊㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊍䊜䉝䉬䊎䉮䊉䊊㪁㩷㪜㫌㪻㫆㪺㫀㫄㪸㩷㫇㪿㪸㫃㫆㫅㫀㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪣㫀㫅㫅㪸㪼㫌㫊㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪤㪼㫋㪸㪼㫄㪼㫅㪼㩷㪸㫋㫉㫀㪾㫌㫋㫋㪸㫋㪸㩷㫄㪸㪺㫌㫃㪸㫋㪸 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊍䊜䉯䊙䊐䉮䊟䉧㩷㩿㪣㪼㪼㪺㪿㪀㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊙䉻䊤䉣䉫䊥䊋㪁㩷㪧㫃㫌㫊㫀㫆㪻㫆㫅㫋㪸㩷㪺㪸㫊㫋㪸 㩷㩿㪙㫌㫋㫃㪼㫉㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䊐䉪䊤䉴䉵䊜㪁㩷
㪘㫉㪺㫋㪼㩷㪺㫆㪼㫉㫌㫃㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪞㫌㪼㫅é㪼㪀㩷 㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉝䊃䊝䊮䉝䉥䉯䊚䊛䉲㪁 㪚㪿㫃㪸㪼㫅㫀㫌㫊㩷㪹㫀㫆㪺㫌㫃㪸㫋㫌㫊 㩷 㩷 㪚㪿㪸㫌㪻㫆㫀㫉㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷䉥䉥䊅䉧䉯䊚䊛䉲㪁㩷㪧㫋㪼㫉㫆㫊㫉㫀㪺㪿㫌㫊㩷㪽㫆㫉㫋㫀㫊㩷 㩷 㪤㫆㫉㪸㫎㫀㫋㫑㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䉨䊗䉲䉝䊃䉨䊥䉯䊚䊛䉲㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷 㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷㪘㫅㫆㫄㫆㫋㪸㫉㫌㫊㩷㫊㫋㫀㪾㫄㫌㫃㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪚㪿㪸㫌㪻㫆㫀㫉㪀㩷㪁㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䉰䉪䊤䉸䉡䉨䊋䉧㪁㩷㩿㪟㪼㫉㫉㫀㪺㪿㪄㪪㪺㪿ä㪽㪽㪼㫉㪀㩷㪈਻Ꮊೋ⸥㍳㩷

㪊

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㪈

㩷

㪊

㩷

㪈
㪍

㩷
䉬䊅䉲䉿䊦䊝䉡䊥䊮䉦䉋䉍⠀
ൻ㩷

㪈

㩷

㪈

㩷

㪌

㩷

㪌

㩷

㪈

㩷

㪍

㪼㫏㩷 䉟䊇䊎䊪䈱ታ㩷

㪊

㩷

㪊

㩷

㪉

㩷

㪉
㪉

㩷
਻Ꮊએධ䈱ಽᏓ䇮ች ፒ⋵Ḱ⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳㩷

㪍

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㪉

㩷

㪉

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㪈

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㪉

㪼㫏㩷 䊆䉥䉡䊟䊑䊙䉥㩷㪊㪼㫏㩷 䊆䉥䉡䊟䊑䊙䉥㩷

㪊

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㪈
㪈

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ደ ਭ ፉ એ ධ 䈱ಽ Ꮣ 䇮ች ፒ 䈪䈲⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳㩷

㪊

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䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷

80㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䉼䊞䉟䊨䉬䉲䉿䊑䉼䊢䉾㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷㪘㫌㫃㪼㫋㫆㪹㫀㫌㫊㩷㪽㫌㫄㫀㪾㪸㫋㫌㫊㩷 㩷 㩿㪩㫆㪼㫃㫆㪽㫊㪀㩷
䉨䊥㪁㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䉦䊚䉨䊥䊛䉲⑼㩷 䉝䊃䊝䊮䉼䊎䉦䊚䉨䊥㪁 㪪㫐㪹㫉㪸㩷㪹㪸㪺㫌㫃㫀㫅㪸㩷㫅㫀㫇㫇㫆㫅㪼㫅㫊㫀㫊㩷 㩷 㪟㪸㫐㪸㫊㪿㫀㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䉥䊎䊧䉦䊚䉨䊥㪁㩷㪜㫌㫊㪼㪹㫆㫀㪻㪼㫊㩷㫄㪸㫋㫊㫌㪻㪸㫀 㩷 㩷 㪞㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫋㫋㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䉨䊗䉲䉦䊚䉨䊥㩷
㪧㫊㪸㪺㫆㫋㪿㪼㪸㩷㪿㫀㫃㪸㫉㫀㫊㩷 㩷 㩿㪧㪸㫊㪺㫆㪼㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䉮䉭䉼䊞䉰䊎䉦䊚䉨䊥㪤㫀㫄㪼㪺㫋㪸㫋㫀㫅㪸㩷㫄㪼㫉㫀㪻㫀㪸㫅㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪤㪸㫋㫊㫌㫊㪿㫀㫋㪸㪀㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䉼䊞䉟䊨䊍䊜䉦䊚䉨䊥㪁㪚㪼㫉㪼㫊㫀㫌㫄㩷㫊㫀㫄㫀㫃㪼㩷 㩷 㪞㪸㪿㪸㫅㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䊆䉶䊎䊨䉡䊄䉦䊚䉨䊥㩷 㪘㪺㪸㫃㫆㫃㪼㫇㫋㪸㩷㫊㪼㫁㫌㫅㪺㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪙㪸㫋㪼㫊㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪚㪿㫃㫆㫉㫆㫇㪿㫆㫉㫌㫊㩷㫈㫌㫀㫅㫈㫌㪼㪽㪸㫊㪺㫀㪸㫋㫌㫊 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷䊣䉿䉴䉳䊃䊤䉦䊚䉨䊥㩷㩿㪚㪸㫊㫋㪼㫃㫅㪸㫌㩷㪼㫋㩷㪞㫆㫉㫐㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊥䊠䉡䉨䊠䉡䊍䊜䉦䊚䉨 㪚㪼㫉㪼㫊㫀㫌㫄㩷 㪽㫌㫊㪺㫌㫄 㩷 㪤㪸㫋㫊㫌㫄㫌㫉㪸㩷 㪼㫋㩷 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷䊥㪁㩷㪤㪸㫋㫊㫌㫊㪿㫀㫋㪸㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䊪䊝䊮䉰䊎䉦䊚䉨䊥㩷㪧㫋㪼㫉㫆㫃㫆㫇㪿㫀㪸㩷㪸㫅㫅㫌㫃㪸㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪚㪿㪼㫍㫉㫆㫃㪸㫋㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䉦䊚䉨䊥䊝䊄䉨⑼ 䉵䉫䊨䉦䊚䉨䊥䊝䊄䉨㪁 㪜㫆㪹㫀㪸㩷㪸㫄㪹㫌㫊㫋㪸 㩷 㩷 㪣㪼㫎㫀㫊㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊊䉟䉟䊨䉦䊚䉨䊥䊝䊄䉨㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷㪜㫆㪹㫀㪸㩷㪺㫀㫅㪼㫉㪼㫀㫇㪼㫅㫅㫀㫊㩷 㩷 㩿㪤㫆㫋㫊㪺㪿㫌㫃㫊㫂㫐㪀㩷㪁㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䉪䊪䉧䉺䊛䉲⑼ 䊙䊜䉪䊪䉧䉺㩷㪝㫀㪾㫌㫃㫌㫊㩷㫇㫌㫅㪺㫋㪸㫋㫌㫊㩷 㩷 㪮㪸㫋㪼㫉㪿㫆㫌㫊㪼㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪧㫉㫆㫋㪸㪼㫋㫀㪸㩷 㫆㫉㫀㪼㫅㫋㪸㫃㫀㫊㩷㩿㪞㫆㫉㫐㩷 㪼㫋㩷 㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䉮䉧䊈䊛䉲⑼㩷
䉲䊨䊁䊮䊊䊅䊛䉫䊥㩷㪧㪼㫉㪺㪿㪼㫃㫆㫅㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䊐䉺䉴䉳䉦䊮䉲䊢䉮䉧䊈 㪘㫇㫆㪾㫆㫅㫀㪸㩷㪹㫀㪺㪸㫉㫀㫅㪸㫋㪸㩷 㩷 㪣㪼㫎㫀㫊㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䉝䉥䊄䉡䉧䊈㩷
㪘㫅㫆㫄㪸㫃㪸㩷㪸㫃㪹㫆㫇㫀㫃㫆㫊㪸㩷㪸㫃㪹㫆㫇㫀㫃㫆㫊㪸 㩷㩿㪟㫆㫇㪼㪀㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䉯 䊚 䊛 䉲 䉻 䊙 䉲 䊊䊈䊅䉲䉶䉴䉳䉨䊙䊪㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷㪪㫋㫉㫆㫅㪾㫐㫃㫀㫌㫄㩷㫄㪸㫉㫊㪼㫌㫃㫀㩷 㩷 㪣㪼㫎㫀㫊㩷
⑼㩷
䊥㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䉮䊜䉿䉨䊛䉲⑼ 䉪䉲䉮䊜䉿䉨㩷㪤㪼㫃㪸㫅㫆㫋㫌㫊㩷㫃㪼㪾㪸㫋㫌㫊 㩷 㩷 㪚㪸㫅㪻㪼㫑㪼㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䊙䉻䊤䉼䊎䉮䊜䉿䉨㪁㩷㪘㪼㫆㫃㫆㪻㪼㫄㪸㩷㪸㪾㫅㪸㫋㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪚㪸㫅㪻㪼㫑㪼㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷䊍䉰䉯䉪䉼䉦䉪䉲䉹䉡㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䉹䉡䊛䉲⑼㩷
㪪㫀㫄㫌㫃㪸㫋㪸㪺㪸㫃㫃㫌㫊㩷㫊㫀㫄㫌㫃㪸㫋㫆㫉㩷 㩷 㩿㪩㫆㪼㫃㫆㪽㫊㪀㩷
䊛䉲㪁㩷
㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷
㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䊁䊮䊃䉡䊛䉲⑼ 䉥䉥䊐䉺䊖䉲䊁䊮䊃䉡㪣㪼㫄㫅㫀㪸㩷㪹㫀㫇㫃㪸㪾㫀㪸㫋㪸㩷 㩷 㩿㪪㫎㪸㫉㫋㫑㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䊊䊛䉲⑼㩷
䉨䉟䊨䉪䊪䊊䊛䉲㪁㩷㪤㫆㫄㫆㫃㪼㫇㫋㪸㩷㫇㪸㫃㫃㫀㪻㫌㫃㪸 㩷 㩷 㩿㪙㪸㫉㫐㪀㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷
㩷䊦䉟䉴䉮䊃䊎䊊䊛䉲㪁㩷 㪤㪸㫅㫆㪹㫀㪸㩷㫃㪼㫎㫀㫊㫀 㩷 㩷 㪡㪸㪺㫆㪹㫐㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㪈㪊㪄㪈㪋㪅㩷㩷 䊊䊮䊚䊢䉡⑼㩷
䉲䊨䊓䊥䊊䊮䊚䊢䉡㪁㩷㪚㫀㪺㫀㫅㪻㪼㫃㪸㩷㫐㫌㪸㫊㪸㫀 㩷 㩷 㪥㪸㫂㪸㫅㪼㩷㪉㪇㪇㪌㩷㩷 䉥䊃䉲䊑䊚⑼㩷

䉨䉝䉲䊖䉸䉼䊢䉾䉨䊥㪁㪁㵺ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉᣂ⸥㍳⒳㩷

㪜㫌㪾㫅㪸㫄㫇㫋㫌㫊㩷㪾㫃㪼㫍㫀㫇㪼㫊㩷 㩷 㪪㪿㪸㫉㫇㩷㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷
㪭㫀㫀㫀㪅㩷

㪈

㩷

㪈

㩷

㪈

䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷㪈䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷㪋બណᧁ਄䇮䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽㩷㪊ᄛ㑆䇮બណᧁ䉕ᱠⴕ㩷㪏䍨䍼䍣䍣䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷㪉ᄛ㑆䇮┙䈤ᨗ䉕ᱠⴕ㩷㪋㘧⠍ਛ䈮ណ㓸㩷

㪉䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷㪈㪇ᄛ㑆䇮બណᧁ䉕ᱠⴕ㩷㪈䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷㪋䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷

㪈㪇
㪉㪉

㩷
䍨䍼䍣䍣䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷

㪈㪉

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㩷

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䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷

㪈

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ᄛ㑆䇮┙䈤ᨗ䉏਄䉕ᱠⴕ㩷㪈䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷㪌䍵䍐䍢䍢䍵䍍䍪䍽䈮㘧᧪㩷

㪊

㩷

㪎

㩷

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81

౮⌀  ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߢណ㓸ߒߚ࡞࡝ࠧࠠࡉ࡝ዻߩ  ⒳ Cᐜ⯻‫ޔ‬Dᚑ⯻

Photo1.

A cockroach, Eucorydia sp. collected at Uji Islands.

a: larva,

b: adult౮⌀  ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉዊᶆߩ᷼๟ㄝߩ࠾ࠝ࠙ࡗࡉࡑࠝߣߘࠇࠍടኂߔࠆࠢࡠࠠ
ࠪ࠲ࠕ࠷ࡃ  C ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ᠟ᓇ‫ޔ‬D ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ᠟ᓇ ࠢࡠࠠࠪ࠲
ࠕ࠷ࡃᐜ⯻ߦỗߒߊടኂߐࠇߚ⪲ 
Photo2.

Leaves of Boehmeria gigantea Satake at Uji Islands in May (a) and in August(b). Larvae of a noctuid moths, Hypena amica (Butler), heavily damaged them inAugust.

82㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩၞߦ߅ߌࠆⰆߣ࠳࠾ߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ
㊁↰િ৻
㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
Studies on mosquitoes and chiggers in the island areaof Kagoshima Prefecture
NODA Shinichi
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima Universityⴡ↢ⅣႺ߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߚᣣᧄߢߪⰆߪ߁ࠆߐ޿ߣ޿߁⒟ᐲߩሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘⊒ዷㅜ਄࿖ߢߪࡑ
࡜࡝ࠕ࡮ࡈࠖ࡜࡝ࠕ∛࡮࠺ࡦࠣᾲ࡮㤛ᾲ࡮ฦ⒳⣖Ἳߩᇦ੺⠪ߣߒߡ㧘ੱ㘃ߦߣߞߡଐὼߣߒߡ
⢿ᆭߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚  ᐕߦ࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢߢⰆߦࠃߞߡᇦ੺ߐࠇࠆ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠽ࠗ࡞ᾲ߇⓭ὼߦ⊒↢ߒ㧘 ᐕߢ߶߷ో☨ߦ࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ߇ᐢ߇ߞߚ㧚☨࿖ߢߩ  ᐕߩᖚ⠪⊒↢ᢙߪ  ฬߢ㧘 ฬ߇ᱫ੢ߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ㧚☨࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᕆㅦߥ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠽ࠗ࡞࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬߩಽᏓ᜛ᄢߪ㧘ߎߩᗵᨴ∝߇ᣣᧄߦଚ౉
ߒ㧘ᄢⷙᮨߥᵹⴕࠍ⿠ߎߔน⢻ᕈࠍ੍⷗ߐߖࠆ㧚ᣣᧄߢߩᇦ੺Ⰶߩ⺞ᩏߪᣣᧄ⣖Ἳߩᵹⴕ੍᷹
ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ৻ㇱߩ࿾ᣇߢ⛯ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ㇺᏒㇱߢߪ߶ߣࠎߤⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ฦ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߩⰆߩ㒐㒰ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߚ⚵❱ߪ⸃૕ߐࠇ㧘ㆡಾߥᇦ੺Ⰶኻ╷ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇㕖Ᏹߦ࿎㔍ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ዊᨋ࡮ୖᩮ㧘㧕㧚 ᐕ㧥᦬ߦߪࡊࠛ࡞࠻࡝ࠦߣࡠࠨࡦ࠯࡞ࠬߦ಴ᒛߒᏫ࿖ᓟߦ
⊒ᾲߣ㗡∩ࠍ⸷߃ߚ↵ᕈ߇ᣣᧄߢೋ߼ߡߩ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠽ࠗ࡞ᾲャ౉∝଀ߣ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧔ዊᴰࠄ㧘㧕㧚 Ⰶߢᇦ੺ߐࠇࠆ਎⇇⊛ߦ㊀ⷐߥᗵᨴ∝ߣߒߡ࠺ࡦࠣ࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬߦࠃࠆ࠺ࡦࠣᾲ߇޽ࠆ㧚࠺ࡦࠣ࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬᗵᨴ߇ߺࠄࠇࠆߩߪ㧘ᇦ੺ߔࠆⰆߩሽ࿷ߔࠆᾲᏪ࡮੝ᾲᏪ࿾ၞ‫᧲ߦ․ޔ‬ධࠕࠫࠕ‫ޔ‬ධࠕࠫࠕ‫ޔ‬ਛධ☨‫ࡉ࡝ࠞޔ‬ᶏ⻉࿖ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ㧘ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡜࡝ࠕ㧘ਛ࿖‫ޔ‬บḧߦ߅޿ߡ߽
㧚ో਎⇇ߢߪᐕ㑆⚂  ంੱ߇࠺ࡦࠣᾲࠍ⊒∝ߒ㧘⚂  ਁੱ߇࠺ࡦࠣ಴ⴊᾲࠍ⊒⊒↢ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚∝ߔࠆߣផቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚⃻࿷㧘ᣣᧄ࿖ౝߢߩᗵᨴߪߥ޿߇㧘ᶏᄖᣏⴕߢᗵᨴߒߡ࿖ౝߢ⊒∝ߔࠆ଀߇޽ࠅ㧘Ⴧട௑ะߦ޽ࠆ㧚 㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯߅ࠃ߮ፉᎩ࿾ၞߢ߽㧘ᣣᧄ⣖Ἳߩᖚ⠪ᢙߩᷫዋߦ઻޿㧘Ⰶߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃ߇߁ߔࠇ㧘߶ߣࠎߤ⺞ᩏ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚․ߦ㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩㇱߢߪ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߦ઻޿㧘Ⰶߩ⊒↢ᢙ߇Ⴧടߒߚࠅ㧘ධᣇ࿾ၞߩⰆ߇ߘߩಽᏓࠍ᜛ᄢߒߡߊࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇ㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߥⰆߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ߇ᦸ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚83

 ᣂ⥝࡮ౣ⥝ᗵᨴ∝ߣߒߡ࠳࠾㘃ߦࠃߞߡᇦ੺ߐࠇࠆ࡝ࠤ࠶࠴ࠕᗵᨴ∝߇޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛ߪ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛࡝ࠤ࠶࠴ࠕࠍ଻᦭ߔࠆ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߩೝຏࠍฃߌߡ⊒∝ߔࠆ㧚ฎౖ⊛࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛ߦઍࠊࠅᣂဳ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛߇ో࿖⊛ߥᐢၞ⊒↢ࠍߺߖ㧘Ფᐕዯ಴ࠄࠇࠆᖚ⠪ᢙߪ଀એ਄ߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚㣮ఽፉ⋵ߢߪᲤᐕฬ೨ᓟߩᖚ⠪ႎ๔߇޽ࠅ㧘ో࿖৻ߩᄙ⊒࿾ၞߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᚒ‫∛ࠪࡓࠟ࠷࠷ߢ߹ࠇߎߪޘ‬ᖚ⠪ߩᗵᨴᩣ߿ᗵᨴ⁁ᴫߩ⸃ᨆ߿࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߩ↢ᘒቇ⊛⺞ᩏࠍ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ㧔౎ᧁࠄ㧘1997㧘Noda et al., 1996, T
akahashi et al,, 2002 㧚ᦨㄭ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛ߩᖚ⠪⊒↢߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚደ
ਭፉ߿࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉߢ߽ᖚ⠪߇⏕⹺ߐࠇ㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩ࿾ၞߢߩᣧᕆߥ⺞ᩏ߇ᔅⷐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߩ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯࠱࡯ࡦᒻᚑࠍᔨ㗡ߦ㧘ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߣ࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉਛਯፉߢⰆ߿࠷࠷ࠟ
ࡓࠪߩ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚߩߢ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍႎ๔ߔࠆ㧚㧝㧚ቝᴦ⟲ፉኅፉߢߩⰆߩណ㓸ᚑ❣㧔 ᐕ  ᦬㧕 ኅፉߪήੱፉߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ㆱ㔍᷼ߣߒߡߩ᷼߇ᢛ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄṪᬺ㑐ଥ⠪߿㊒ቴ߇਄㒽ߔࠆᯏળ߇޽ࠆ㧚Ⰶᐜ⯻ߩណ㓸ߪ᷼߆ࠄධᣣጪ㧔ᮡ㜞 㨙㧕ߩἮบ߳ㅢߓࠆ㆏ᴪ޿ߩᨋౝ
ߢⴕߞߚ㧚ኅፉߢߪⰆᐜ⯻ߩ⊒↢Ḯߣߥࠆ႐ᚲߪ㕖Ᏹߦዋߥߊ㧘᷼ㄭߊߦ᡼⟎ߐࠇߚ㘶‛ߩⓨ➧ߥߤߩዊኈེߢߪⰆߩ⊒↢ߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ਛ⣻߆ࠄጊ㗂ߦ߆ߌߡߩ᳓߇ḳ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ
᮸ᵢ㧠ࠞᚲ߆ࠄⰆߩᐜ⯻߇ណ㓸ߐࠇߚ㧚᮸ᵢ㧝㧔ࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽㧕ߢ㧢඘㧘᮸ᵢ㧞㧔ࠢࡢ㧕ߢ㧥඘㧘᮸ᵢ㧟㧔ࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽㧕ߢ㧞඘߅ࠃ߮᮸ᵢ㧠㧔ࡕࠢ࠲࠴ࡃ࠽㧕ߢ㧝඘ߩว⸘  ඘ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚᮸ᵢ㧝࡮㧠ߩᐜ⯻㧣඘ߪ࡝ࡃ࡯࠭ࠪࡑࠞ㧘᮸ᵢ㧞࡮㧟ߩᐜ⯻  ඘ߪࠪࡠࠞ࠲ࡗࡉࠞߢ޽
ߞߚ㧚࡝ࡃ࡯࠭ࠪࡑࠞߪᄶ⟤㧘ᴒ✽ߢߪᭂ߼ߡ᥉ㅢߥ⒳㘃ߢ㧘ᚑ⯻ߪᨋౝߢᤤ㑆ߦๆⴊߒ㧘⨃ߺߩਛߢભᕷߔࠆ㧚ᐜ⯻ߪ᮸ᵢ࡮ጤⓣߩ߶߆㧘ࠢࡢ࠭ࠗࡕ߿⧊⭈ߩ⪲⣠࡮Ⴤ⍹⧎┙࡮┻ಾᩣߦ⊒↢ߔࠆ㧚ࠪࡠࠞ࠲ࡗࡉࠞߪᨋౝߢ߇ỗߒߊੱ⇓ࠍⷅ޿㧘ᐜ⯻ߪ᮸ᵢ߆ࠄਥߦ⊒↢ߒ㧘Ⴤ⍹⧎┙࡮┻ಾᩣ࡮ᚻᵞ㋬ߥߤߢ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚㧞㧚࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉਛਯፉߢߩⰆߩណ㓸ᚑ❣㧔 ᐕ  ᦬㧕 ࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉߩፉߪࠬ࠳ࠫࠗ߿ࡑ࠹ࡃࠪࠗ࡮࠲ࡉࡁࠠߥߤࠍਥߣߔࠆᏱ✛ᐢ⪲᮸ᨋߢ޽ߞߚߣ
ផኤߐࠇࠆ߇㧘⃻࿷ߪ߶ߣࠎߤߩፉ߇࡝ࡘ࠙ࠠࡘ࠙࠴ࠢᨋߢⷒࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ὾⇌⊛ㄘᬺߢ➅ࠅ㄰ߒἫ౉ࠇࠍߒߚࠅ㧘બណߒߚࠅߒߡᬀ↢ߦᐓᷤࠍട߃ߚ⚿ᨐߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉߢᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߥਛਯፉߪࠬ࠳ࠫࠗ߿࠲ࡉࡁࠠߥߤ߇ఝవߔࠆේ↢ᨋ⁁ߩᬀ↢߇ᱷߞߡ޿
ࠆ㧔ᄢ㊁㧘㧕㧚 ਛਯፉߩਛᄩߦ૏⟎ߔࠆ㧘‐⥢࡮⼱Ꮉ࡮᳃ኋߢߩⰆᚑ⯻ߩណ㓸ߢߪᮡḰ⊛ߦ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ
%&% ဳ࡜ࠗ࠻࠻࡜࠶ࡊߦ࠼࡜ࠗࠕࠗࠬࠍ૬⟎ߒߡᄕᣇ߆ࠄᦺ߹ߢណ㓸ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᨋౝߢߪ⵬

84⯻✂ߦࠃࠆᚑ⯻ណ㓸㧘߅ࠃ߮⊒↢᳓ၞߢߩᐜ⯻ណ㓸߽߅ߎߥߞߚ㧚‐⥢࡮⼱Ꮉ࡮᳃ኋߢߩ࡜ࠗ
࠻࠻࡜࠶ࡊߢߪ࠻࠙ࠧ࠙ࡗࡉࠞ㧠඘㧘ጊᴪ޿ߩ㆏ߢๆⴊߦ߈ߚ୘૕ߩ⵬⯻✂ߦࠃࠆណ㓸ߢߪࡗࠛࡗࡑࠠࡦࡄ࡜࠽ࠟࡂࠪࠞ  ඘㧘ࠕࡑࡒࠪࡠࠞ࠲ࡗࡉࠞ㧝඘㧘࡝ࡃ࡯࠭ࠪࡑࠞ  ඘߇ណ㓸ߐࠇߚ㧚᳃ኋߩቶౝߢ߽࡝ࡃ࡯࠭ࠪࡑࠞ  ඘߇ណ㓸ߐࠇߚ㧚ᐜ⯻ߪࠢࡢ࠭ࠗࡕ⪲ᨩ߆ࠄࠝࠠ࠽ࡢ
ࠞࠡࠞ㧥඘߇ណ㓸ߐࠇߚ㧚੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߪบ㘑ߩᓇ㗀߇޽ࠅ㔎ᄤߢߩណ㓸ߣߥߞߚ߇㧘ว⸘㧡⒳߇ណ㓸ߐࠇߚ㧚 㧟㧚࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉਛਯፉߢߩ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߩណ㓸ᚑ❣㧔 ᐕ  ᦬㧕 ߎࠇ߹ߢ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛ߩᖚ⠪⊒↢߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉߢ߽  ᐕߦ  ฬߩᖚ⠪߇⊒↢ߒߚ㧚⸻ᢿ߇ㆃࠇࡋ࡝ࠦࡊ࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆ✕ᕆ៝ㅍߦࠃߞߡᢇ๮ߐࠇߚ㊀∝଀ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ᖚ⠪ߐࠎ߆ࠄߩ⋥ធߩ⡞߈ขࠅߢߪ㧘⊒∝೨  ㅳ㑆ߦᵴേߒߚ႐ᚲ߇ᄙߊ㧘ᗵᨴ႐ᚲࠍ․ቯߔ
ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚 ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߩ⺞ᩏߢߪኋਥߣߥࠆࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃ࠍࠪࡖ࡯ࡑࡦ࠻࡜࠶ࡊߣࡃࡀ᧼ᑼ࠻࡜࠶ࡊߦࡅ
ࡑࡢ࡝⒳ሶ߹ߚߪࠨ࠷ࡑࠗࡕࠍ㙄ߣߒߡ᝝₪ߒߚ㧚᝝₪ߐࠇߚࡀ࠭ࡒߩ⡊Ზࠍಾ㒰ߒߡ㧘㧑ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞ߦ଻ሽߒߚ㧚ߘࠇࠍ⎇ⓥቶߦᜬߜᏫࠅ㧘ታ૕㗼ᓸ㏜ਅߢ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪࠍಽ㔌ߒ㧘⒳ߩ
หቯߩߚ߼ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ᮡᧄࠍ૞⵾ߒߚ㧚ᨋౝ㧢ࡩᚲߦว⸘  ୘ߩ࠻࡜࠶ࡊࠍ⸳⟎ߒ㧘ࠕࠞࡀ࠭ࡒ  ඘ߣࠢࡑࡀ࠭ࡒ  ඘ࠍ᝝₪ߒߚ㧔⴫ 㧘⇟ภ ޯ㧕㧚߹ߚ᳃ኋኅደౝߢ߽ࠢࡑࡀ࠭ࡒ㧝඘ࠍ᝝₪ߒߚ㧔⴫ 㧘⇟ภ 㧕㧚⴫㧝㧚ਛਯፉߢߩ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪណ㓸ᚑ❣
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 ࠕࠞࡀ࠭ࡒ߆ࠄߪ࠺࡝࡯࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ  ඘㧔㧟ޯ ඘㧘㧕ࠞࡢࡓ࡜࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ ඘㧔㧕㧘࠽ࡦ࡛࠙࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ㧝඘㧔㧕ߘࠇߦ 9CNEJKGNNCVTCWDK㧝඘㧔㧕߇ಽ㔌ߐࠇ㧘ᨋౝߢ᝝₪ߒߚࠢࡑࡀ࠭ࡒ߆ࠄߪ࠺࡝࡯࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ  ඘߇ಽ㔌ߐࠇߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘᳃ኋኅደౝߢណ㓸ߐࠇߚࠢࡑࡀ࠭ࡒߦ߽࠺࡝࡯࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ㧡඘߇ነ↢ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢࡀ࠭ࡒ㘃ߩ

85᝝₪⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉߩญਯፉ߿ᖡ⍹ፉߣᲧセߒߡ㧘↢ᕷ୘૕ᢙ߇ᄙ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ኅደౝߦ಴౉ࠅߔࠆࠢࡑࡀ࠭ࡒߦ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߩነ↢߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚߎߣߪᵈᗧࠍⷐߔࠆ㧚 㣮ఽፉᧄ࿯ߩ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛ߩ⊒↢ߪ ޯ ᦬ߢ㧘ᇦ੺࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ⒳ߪ࠲࠹࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔6CMCJCUJKGVCN 㧚੹࿁ᄤ୥ߩ㑐ଥߢ⦁ߩᰳ⥶߇⋧ᰴ߉㧘 ᦬ߩ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ᧄ࿾ၞߢ߽ᧄ࿯ߣห᭽ߦ࠲࠹࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ߇ᇦ੺⠪ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ
ߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇ㧘੹ᓟ߽⺞ᩏࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ੹࿁㧘ోߡߩࡀ࠭ࡒߦነ↢߇ߺࠄࠇߚ࠺࡝࡯࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߪࠕࠫࠕᄥᐔᵗ࿾ၞߩ࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪ∛࡝ࠤ࠶࠴ࠕߩᦨ᦭ജᇦ੺⒳ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆಽᏓߦ㑐ߒߡߪਇ᣿ߥὐ߇ᄙ޿㧘߹ߚ㣮ఽፉᧄ࿯ߢߩᐢ▸ߥ⺞ᩏߢߪណ㓸ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚࠺࡝࡯࠷࠷ࠟࡓࠪߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘∛ේ૕࡝ࠤ࠶࠴ࠕߩᇦ੺⢻߽฽߼ߡ⺞ᩏ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ਛਯፉߪ࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉߩߥ߆ߢᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߊේ↢ᨋ⁁ߩᬀ↢߇ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ਛਯፉߢߪ⚂  ᐕ೨ߦⴡ↢ኂ⯻㧔ᕦ⯻࡮Ⰶ࡮ࡉ࡙ߥߤ㧕ߩ⺞ᩏ㧔㋈ᧁ㧘㧕߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘⃻࿷ߩ⁁ᴫߣߩᲧセ߇ߢ߈ࠆᢙዋߥ޿࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ㧚࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߩ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯࠱࡯ࡦߣߒߡߩⷰኤ᜚ὐߣߒߡߩ᧦
ઙࠍḩߚߔ⾆㊀ߥ࿾ၞߢ㧘੹ᓟ߽⺞ᩏࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂

ዊᨋ⌬↢㧘ୖᩮ৻㇢㧚㧚࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠽ࠗ࡞ᾲᇦ੺Ⰶኻ╷ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ㧚ዊᴰടᄹሶ㧘ਛፉ↱♿ሶ㧘᧻ፒ⌀๺㧘ዊ੗ᚭೣᒾ㧘ᄢᦥᩮᐽᄦ㧘ᨋ ᣽ብ㧘㜞ፒᥓᒾ㧘ୖᩮ৻㇢㧘⑺᦬ືผ㧚㧚ᧄ㇌ߢೋ߼ߡ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻࠽ࠗ࡞ᾲߩャ౉∝଀㧚ᗵᨴ∝ቇ㔀⹹㧚㧦㧚
Noda, S., Yamamoto, S., Uchikawa , K. 1996. Seasonal occurrence of larval trombiculid mites anddistribution of Leptotrombidium scutellare in residential area and farmland in Kagoshima Prefecture.
Medical Entomology and Zoology. 47:339-346.
ᄢ㊁ᾖᅢ㧚㧚㣮ఽፉߩᬀ‛㧚ᤐ⧞ၴ಴ 
㋈ᧁ ඳ㧚㧚࠻ࠞ࡜೉ፉߩකേ‛ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ㧚ᤘ๺  ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄   㧔⹜㛎⎇ⓥ+㧕⎇ⓥᚑᨐႎ๔ᦠ㧚
Takahashi, M., Urakami, H., Misumi, H., Noda, S., Yamamoto, S., Suzuki, H., Matsumoto, I. 2002.
Detection and serotyping of Orientia Tsutsugamushi from the unfed larval trombiculid mite

86

Leptotrombidium scutellare (Nagayo, Miyagawa, Mitamura, Tamiya et Tenjin, 1921) (Acari:
Trombiculidae). Med. Entomol. Zool. 53: 65-72.
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87ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ♮✢⯻∝ߩㅪ⛯ᕈ᳓਄ ᗅᢥ 1‫ޔ‬Ḵญ ౖሶ 1‫᧻ޔ‬የ ᢅ᣿ 21㣮ఽፉᄢቇකቇㇱ଻ஜቇ⑼‫ ޔ‬2 ട⸘ํ㤗ᓼᵮળ⸻≮ᚲᚑᨐߩ᭎ⷐ  ߪߓ߼ߦ   ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬ㆊ෰㧟ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅᄶ⟤ᄢፉ㦖ㇹ↸ߩ૑᳃ࠍኻ⽎ߦ♮✢⯻∝ߩ∉ቇ⺞ᩏߣ଻ஜቇ⊛ᚻᴺߦࠃࠆࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬㦖ㇹ↸ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ߤߩ㓸⪭ߦ߽♮✢⯻੿⯻଻᦭⠪߇߅ࠅ‫ߩ⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᗵᨴ₸ߪ⚂㧟㧑ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫⃻ޔߪ∝⯻✢♮ޕ‬࿷ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᧄ࿯એർߢߪ‫޿ߥࠇࠄ⷗ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬߇‫ޔ‬ධ⷏⻉ፉߣߊߦ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤⻉ፉ߅ࠃ߮ᴒ✽⻉ፉߢߪ․ߦᄙ޿ߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤ ⻉ ፉ ߩઁߩ ፉ ‫ ⺞ ࠍ⁁⃻ ߽ ߡ ޿ߟߦ ޘ‬ᩏ ߔࠆᔅ ⷐ ߇ ޽ߞߚ ‫ ੹ ޕ‬࿁‫ ੱ ోޔ‬ญ ߇ ੱߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆട⸘ํ㤗ፉߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߔࠆᯏળ߇޽ߞߚߩߢ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐࠍᄶ⟤ᄢፉߩ⚿ᨐߣ޽ࠊߖߡႎ๔ߔࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫⺧ޔ‬ፉ‫ޔ‬ਈ〝ፉߦߟ޿ߡ߽⺞ᩏࠍ੍ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣇᴺ  ⺞ᩏ࿾ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢߪ⑺ฬ‫ޔ‬ᐞ㉿‫⿒ޔ‬የᧁ࿾඙‫ޔ‬ട⸘ํ㤗ፉߪ⦼࿾඙ߣߒ
ߚ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏߩኻ⽎ߪหᗧߩᓧࠄࠇߚ૑᳃ߣߘߩ㘺›ߣߒ‫ޔ‬੐೨ߦᬌଢ⺞ᩏ␿ߣᜰቯ
ኈེࠍ㈩Ꮣᓟ‫ޔ‬ᜰቯߐࠇߚᣣߦ㓸߹ߞߚ♮ଢߦߟ޿ߡ‫⋥ޔ‬ធႣᴜᴺߦࠃࠅ♮ଢਛߩ⯻ෆ‫ޔ‬ᐜ⯻ߩሽ࿷ߩ᦭ήࠍ⺞ߴߚ‫ޔߜ߁ߩߎޕ‬ᐜ⯻㧔࡜ࡉࠫ࠴ࠬဳ‫ޔ‬㧾ဳ㧕߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚଢߪ‫ߦⴼ࡞࡯࠾ࡆޔ‬ኒኽߒቶ᷷ߦ᡼⟎ߒ‫ޔ‬⠉ᣣ  ᤨ㑆ᓟ‫♮ޔ‬ଢਛߩ੿⯻㧔ࡈࠖ࡜࡝ࠕဳ‫ޔ‬㧲ဳ㧕ߩሽ࿷ࠍ⋥ធႣᴜᴺߦࠃࠅ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⒳ߩหቯߪ‫ޔ‬( ဳ੿⯻ߩో㐳‫ޔ‬㘩㆏㐳ࠍ⸘᷹ߔࠆߎߣߢ㊱⯻ߣߩ㐓೎ࠍⴕߞߚ‫⯻੿ߩ⯻✢♮ޕ‬଻᦭⠪ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚࡅ࠻ߦߪ‫⋥ޔ‬ធᧄੱߦㅪ⛊ߒ‫∛ޔ‬㒮߽ߒߊߪ⸻≮ᚲߢ⸻ኤࠍฃߌߡᴦ≮ߔࠆࠃ߁଻ஜᜰዉࠍⴕߞߚ‫߇࠻ࡅߩߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᴦ≮ࠍฃߌ‫ޔ‬⏕ታߦ♮✢⯻߇㚟⯻ߐࠇߚ߆ࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬⠉ᐕหᤨᦼߦౣᬌᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ߥޕ‬߅‫⺞ᧄޔ‬ᩏߪ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇකቇㇱ∉ቇ࡮⥃ᐥ⎇ⓥ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ୶ℂᆔຬળߦࠃࠆታ
ᣉ⸘↹ᦠߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧߡⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬⚿ᨐ  ᄶ⟤ᄢፉฦ࿾඙ߩⵍᬌ₸㧔ⵍᬌ⠪ᢙ㧛૑᳃ᢙ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬㦖ㇹ↸⑺ฬ࿾඙ 
㧔 ฬ㧕‫ޔ‬ᐞ㉿࿾඙ 㧔 ฬ㧕‫⿒ޔ‬የᧁ࿾඙ 㧔 ฬ㧕ߢ88޽ߞߚ‫᦭଻⯻੿⯻✢♮ޕ‬⠪ᢙߪ‫ޔ‬㓁ᕈ₸߇⑺ฬ࿾඙ 㧔 ฬ㧕‫ޔ‬ᐞ㉿࿾඙㧔 ฬ㧕‫⿒ޔ‬የᧁ࿾඙ 㧔 ฬ㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᐔဋᗵᨴ₸ߪ ߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙᗵᨴ⠪㧔㧟ᱦఽ㧕߽⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ૉߒ‫ޔ‬㧟࿾඙  㗡ߩࠗ࠿߆ࠄߪ♮✢⯻ߪᬌ಴ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ട⸘ํ㤗ፉߢߪ‫⦼ޔ‬࿾඙߇‫ⵍޔ‬ᬌ₸ 㧔 ฬ㧕ߢ‫ޔ‬♮✢⯻੿⯻㓁ᕈ₸ߪ 㧔 ฬ㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߩߺߥࠄߕട⸘ํ㤗ፉߦ߽ଐὼߣߒߡ♮✢⯻∝߇ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⠨ኤ  ධ⷏⻉ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬㜞᷷ᄙḨߥⅣႺ᧦ઙߦട߃ߡ‫⬪↞ޔ‬ᩱၭߥߤ౒ㅢὐ߇ᄙߊሽ
࿷ߔࠆߚ߼߆‫ᧄޔ‬࿯ߢߪᣢߦᠡṌߐࠇߚੱ૕ነ↢⯻߇⃻ሽߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢߪ‫☨ޔ‬࿖߆ࠄߩᣣᧄᓳᏫ㧔 ᐕ㧕ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ⺞ᩏ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬Ⴃᴜᴺߦࠃࠆᬌᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߥࠄ߮ߦട⸘ํ㤗ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ♮✢⯻଻᦭₸ߪ‫ޔ‬ዊቇ↢ߪⵍᬌ⠪  ฬਛ  ฬߢ㧞㧑‫ޔ‬ਛቇ↢ߪⵍᬌ⠪  ฬਛ  ฬߢ 㧑‫৻ޔ‬⥸૑᳃ߪⵍᬌ⠪  ฬਛ  ฬߢ 㧑ߢ޽ߞߚ㧝‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉධㇱߩἑᚭౝ↸৻⥸૑᳃ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᬌᩏߢߪ‫ⵍޔߪ₸᦭଻⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᬌ⠪  ฬਛ  ฬߢ 㧑‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉർㇱߩ↢ᓤ‫⥸৻ޔ‬૑᳃ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚᬌᩏߢߪ‫ⵍޔߪ₸᦭଻⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᬌ⠪  ฬਛ  ฬߢ 㧑 ߢ‫ߩࠇߕ޿ޔ‬႐ว߽‫ߪ₸᦭଻⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᐕ㦂‫ޔ‬ᕈ೎ߦࠃࠆᏅ⇣ߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟߩႣᴜᴺߣỹ⚕ၭ㙃ᴺࠍ૬↪ߒߚᄶ⟤ᄢፉቝᬌ᧛ߢߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ⵍޔߪ₸᦭଻⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᬌ⠪  ฬਛ  ฬߢ 㧑‫ޔ‬ධ⷏⻉ፉోၞߢߪ‫ⵍޔߪ₸᦭଻⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᬌ⠪  ฬਛ  ฬߢ 㧑 ߢ޽ࠅ‫✢♮ޔ‬⯻੿⯻଻᦭⠪ߩᐕ㦂᭴ᚑߪ‫ ޔ‬ᱦએਅߢߪ⹺߼ࠄࠇߕ‫ `ޔ‬ᱦߢߪ ‫`ޔ‬ᱦߢߪ ‫ `ޔ‬ᱦߢߪ ‫ `ޔ‬ᱦߢߪ ‫ `ޔ‬ᱦߢߪ ߣ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㦂߇㜞ߊߥࠆߦߟࠇ‫ߪ₸᦭଻⯻✢♮ޔ‬Ⴧടߩ௑ะߦ޽ߞߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᢙ୯ߪᚒ‫ޘ‬ߩ⺞ᩏᚑ❣ߣ߶߷৻⥌ߒ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߪ  ᐕઍߣ߶߷ᄌࠊࠄߥ޿♮✢⯻ߩᗵᨴ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ‫ ޕ‬ᐕઍߣߪ  ᐕઍߢߪ♮✢⯻੿⯻଻᦭⠪ߩᐕ㦂᭴ᚑ߇ᄌࠊߞߡ߈ߚ੐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߩ⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᗵᨴ⚻〝ߪ⚻⊹ᗵᨴߩઁ‫ޔ‬⥄ኅᗵᨴ⚻〝߇޽ࠅ‫৻ޔ‬ᣤ‫ߦ⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᗵᨴߔࠆߣ৻↢ᶦ♮✢⯻ࠍᜬߜ⛯ߌࠆ‫ߘޕ‬ߩ⚻〝߿∝⁁ߪ↰ਛ  ߦࠃࠅ⹦⚦ߦႎ๔߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂⷙᗵᨴ߇
ᜬ⛯ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫޿⧯ޔ‬㗃ᗵᨴߒߚࡅ࠻߇⥄ኅᗵᨴࠍ➅㄰ߒߥ߇ࠄ♮✢⯻ࠍᜬߜ⛯ߌࠆߎߣ߇‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᢙ㧑บߩᗵᨴ₸ߣߒߡ⴫ࠊࠇߡߊࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ✚ੱญߪ  ᐕߪ  ਁੱߢ޽ߞߚ߽ߩ߇‫ޔ‬ᐕ‫ޘ‬ᷫዋߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦߪ  ਁੱߦᷫዋߒߚ㧤‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᐕ㦂᭴ᚑߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߢߪ ` ᱦ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᱦએ਄߇ ߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦߪ ` ᱦ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᱦએ਄߇ ߣ㜞㦂ൻ߇ㅴⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ ᓥߞߡ‫ߩ⯻✢♮ޔ‬ᗵᨴ₸ߪᄶ⟤ᄢፉో૕ߢߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᷫዋ௑ะߦ޽

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㆏ߩፉ‫ߩߡߒߣޘ‬ㅪ⛯ᕈࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂  ⑔ፉ⧷㓶‫ޔ‬ጊਅ ඳ㧔㧕ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߩ♮✢⯻∝ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇකቇ㔀⹹‫ ޔ‬⵬ౠ ‫`ޔ‬↰ਛ ኡ㧔㧕♮✢⯻∝ߩ⎇ⓥ‫╙ޔ‬㧝✬ ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦᣈߌࠆ∉ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬㗅ᄤၴකቇ㔀⹹‫`ޔ  ޔ‬૒⮮౎㇢‫⑔ޔ‬ፉ⧷㓶‫ޔ‬ᜰኋ⧷ㅧ‫ޔ‬᡽ ⌀຦‫ޔ‬㊁ਛବ᣿㧔㧕ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦ߅ߌ
ࠆ㊱⯻ߣ♮✢⯻ࠍਥߣߒߚነ↢ᕈ⳱⯻㘃ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇකቇ㔀⹹‫ޔ  ޔ‬`
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ࠆ⚻ㆊ‫ޔ⁁∝ޔ‬ᴦ≮ᴺ╬ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬㗅ᄤၴකቇ㔀⹹‫`ޔ  ޔ‬
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↹ᦠߩᛚ⹺ࠍᓧࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߩߢ‫ߦ⺧↳ޔ‬ะߌߡദജߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ዷᦸ㧔⎇ⓥ⛮⛯ߩ᦭ή࡮ᔅⷐᕈ㧕    ࡅ࠻♮✢⯻∝ߩ⺞ᩏߪ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߩߺߢⴕߞߡ߈ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ട⸘ํ㤗ፉߦ߽ᗵᨴ⠪߇޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽߞߚ⃻࿷‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ߿ࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞߇ᱴߤⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ධ

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ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥ⛮⛯ߪ᦭ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

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Epidemiological distribution of strongyloidiasis in theSouth-Western Islands, JapanMINAKAMI Korebumi1, MIZOGUCHI Noriko1 and MATSUO Toshiaki2
1

School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University; 2Kakeroma Clinic
Abstract

We had controlled in the beginning by a health education technique for the past three
years with the investigation of the epidemiology of the strongyloidiasis

for theresident in the Amami Ooshima Tatsugou town. As a result, Strongyloides holder went
down to any village, and it was confirmed that the infection rate of Strongyloides was
about 3% in Tatsugou town. It was necessary to investigate the current state about otherislands of the Amami islands because it had been said that it was especially a lot of insouthwest islands, the Amami islands, and Okinawa islands though strongyloidiasis was
hardly seen in the Kagoshima Prefecture mainland north now. This time, it additionallyreports the result to be a result by Amami Oshima because there was a chance toinvestigate Kakeroma Island estimated that all population are 2,000 people. The
investigation of Ukejima Island and Yorojima Island is scheduled in the future.
Methods
In summer, Amami Oshima including Akina, Ikusato, Acaogi districts, and in winter,
Kakeroma Island- Shiba district on were decided as the investigation ground. The objectof the investigation was the resident agreed with the survey. After an agreement,
distributing a stool test investigation vote and a specified container beforehand, we
examined the presence of egg and/or larva's existence directly by the direct smear
method about the fecal matter that had gathered on the specified day. Among these, thelarva (Rabditis (R) type) confirmed it, and the admitted service left in the plastic bag,sealed up, left in the room temperature, and confirmed existence of larva (Filaria(F)type) in the stool at 24 hours the next day later by the direct method. The
identification of the larva discriminated the total length and the length of the gullet of F
type Strogyloides with fookworm with measurement. To contact directly the person inquestion, to receive the examination in the hospital or the clinic, and to treat, it urged iton the human to whom it had been confirmed that it was Strogyloides holder. Moreover,it inspected it again for the human to receive treatment, and to confirm whether
Strogyloides had surely killed at a simultaneous in next year period. The main

92

enumeration obtained the approval of the execution plan by the ethical committee on an
epidemiology of Department of Medicine at Kagoshima University and a clinicalresearch, etc.
Results
Rates of examined residents in Amami Oshima various place district (examined number/number of residents) was 28.4%(80/282) on Akina district, 28.6%(70/245) on Ikusato
district, and Akaogi districts 18.5%(132/713). In the number of Strogyloides holders,the positivity rate was Akina district 1.3%(1/80:positive cases/examined number),Ikusato district 4.3%(3/70), and Akaogi districts 3.8%(5/132) in Tatsugou -cho. The
average infection rate was 3.2%, and a new infected person (three-years old child) was
admitted. However, Strogyloides was not detected from the 22 dogs in three districts.
In Kakeroma Island, Shiba district was the rate of examined residents 63.3%(62/98),
and the positivity rate was 1.6%(1/62). It was confirmed that strongyloidiasis

stillremained of the above-mentioned result in not only Amami Oshima but also Kakeroma
Island.
Discussion
In the southwest islands, Japan, the existences of the human body helminth that has
already been exterminated where the sugarcane cultivation etc. exist having much incommon in addition to a high temperature and humidity environment. Especially, after
Japan returns (1953) from the United States, a lot of parasites investigations have been
done by Amami Oshima. Sixteen school children were Strogyloides positive per 802
elemental school children (positive rate was 2%), three junior high school student was
positive in 518 of junior high-school(positive rate was 2%), and the general population
was 5 positive that was 1% every five people in 519 residents in Amami Oshima andKakeroma Island1.Although in the southern part, Setouchi-cho, Strogyloides positive
rate was 7.4% (53 positive in 721 residents)2, and in the northern part, Strogyloides
positive rate was 2.1% (20 positive in 940 residents and high-school students)3, in any
case Strogyloides positive rate was unrelated with age and sex differences2,3. In thefollowing survey of Strogyloides, possession rate was 2.6% (12 positive in 466
residents) in Uken-son, Amami Oshima4. In the whole area of the southwest islands,
Strogyloides possession rate by 3,535 residents was 2.9%(103 positive cases)5. The
excrement eelworm (Strogyloides) possession rate showed the tendency to increase as
Strogyloides holder's age composition. Strogyloides holder was not admitted in 19

93

years old or less, and the age rose like 1.5% in 20~29 years old, 1.0% in 30~39 years
old, 2.9% in 40~49 years old, 3.7% in 50~59 years old, and 3.8% in 60~69 years old5.
These numerical values were almost corresponding to our investigation result, and it
was clarified that Amami Oshima was in the infection situation of 1950's and an
extinction of

Strogyloides hardly different. It keeps having Strogyloides of the whole

life about the thing that Strogyloides holder's age composition has changed from 1950's
to 1980's. The important infection route of Strogyloides are has the auto-infection routeand the cutaneous infection route, of which routes and the symptom are reported indetail by Tanaka6,7 . Therefore, it seems that new infection doesn't continue but it ishuman keeping having Strogyloides are repeating auto-infection and its results appears
as an infection rate of such several % level. The overall population of the Amami
archipelago decreases every year and the one whose 1955 year was 205,363 people, anddecreased to 135,791 people in 19958. Age composition in 1955 was 38% for 0㨪14
years old and 7% for 65㨪 years old, it in 1995 was 20% for 0㨪14 years old and 19%
for 65㨪 years old. This data shows thatthe population of senior citizen wasincreasing in the Amami archipelago8. Therefore, Strogyloides infection rate inAmami Oshima seems the decreasing tendency as a whole. Although strongyloidiasis
would be a regional circulation type, it is in not only Amami Oshima but also Kakeroma
Island originally. The investigation region wants to expand to Uke Island and Yoro
Island, and to clarify continuousness as islands of the road from the viewpoint of thehuman body helminth syndrome in the future.
References
1.Hideo Fukushima and Hiroshi Yamada (1955) Studies on strongyloidiasis in the
Islands of Amammi Oshima, Med. J. kagoshima Univ., 7(2), 346-350.
2.Hiroshi Tanaka (1957) Studies on strongyloidiasis 1. Epidemiological observations inAmami-Oshima Island, Juntendo Med. J., 3(1), 22-30.
3.Hachiro Sato, Hideo Fukushima, Eizo Ibusuki, Shinsai Tsukasa and Toshiaki Nonaka(1958) On parasitic helminths, especially on hookworm and Strogyloides stercoralis in
Amami Oshima, Med. J. kagoshima Univ., 10(4), 1140-1147.
4.Akira Ishii (1976) An intensive survey of intestinal parasite infection at Uken village
on Amami Oshima Island, Southern Japan. Japan J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 4(2), 123-128.
5.Kazuro Mitsueda㧔1988㧕Epidemiological and clinical studies on strongyloidiasis,
Fukuoka Med. J., 79(10), 706-722.
6.Hiroshi Tanaka㧔 1957㧕Studies on strongyloidiasis (3) Clinical studies of experimental

94

and natural infection, Juntendo Med. J., 3(3), 155-163.
7.Hiroshi Tanaka (1958) Experimental and epidemiological studies on strongyloidiasis
of Amami Oshima Island, Japan J. Exp. Med., 28(3), 159-182.
8.Kagoshima Prefecture㧔1998㧕Amami Health MedicineZone, Communuty Health Plan
1998, 1-104.
Concrete forecast concerning base formation
As the base of the human excrement eelworm syndrome investigation, Amami Oshima
selects Kake Asashima (Kake Asa clinic) as an investigation base of the dragon village
town (public office health welfare section) and Kake Asashima, Coshima, andAzcageshima, and cooperation has been established. About other islands, it wants to be
going to make cooperation through the public health center etc. in the future, and toinvestigate Tokunoshima and Kikaijima. However, it is necessary to obtain the approvalof the execution plan by the ethical committee on an epidemiology of Department ofMedicine at Kagoshima University and a clinical research, etc. as the assumption, andI want to make an effort aiming at application.
View(presence and necessity of research continuance)
Kagoshima University has the obligation to execute about the island besides thesouthwest islands where the investigation and the control are hardly done now at thetime of understood there is an infected person also in Kake Asashima though only
Amami Oshima has investigated the human excrement eelworm syndrome so far. It is
often understood that the excrement eelworm syndrome is infected only after it inspects
it because there is little subjective symptom. It is said that it is often understood that it
is an excrement eelworm syndrome when examining physical condition in Okinawa.
When it enters the state of the immunity control because of the treatment of ATL etc. ,the excrement eelworm syndrome is made a serious illness though there is no obstaclein daily life. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate continuously, and the range of theinvestigation should expand further, too. The research continuance is having.

95ਈ⺰ፉߩ᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆක≮ੱ㘃ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ̆ ⍮ߩ⽷↥ߣߒߡߩ㜞㦂⠪ ̆ች⭽ ᄐ⟤㣮ఽፉᄢቇකቇㇱ଻ஜቇ⑼ⷐᣦਈ⺰ፉߪᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰↸✚วᝄ⥝⸘↹ߩ╙  ᦼታᣉ⸘↹ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ࠝޟޔ‬ࡦ࡝࡯ࡢࡦߩੱߠߊࠅ‫↥ߩࡦࡢ࡯࡝ࡦࠝޟޔޠ‬ᬺߠߊࠅ‫߹ߩࡦࡢ࡯࡝ࡦࠝޟޔޠ‬ߜߠߊࠅ‫⋡ࠍޠ‬ᜰߒ‫ߩߟ ޔ‬ᚢ⇛ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࡊ࡜ࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬੐ᬺࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧚ፉࠍᡰ߃ࠆ㗡⣖㓸࿅ߠߊࠅࡊ࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚↢߈ߚඳ‛㙚᭴▽ࡊ࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚࡛ࡠࡦࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ഃㅧࡊ࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚‫ޟ‬ᖱႎߩፉ‫ޔࡦ࡜ࡊࠅߊߠޠ‬㧚ࠁࠎߧ߰ࠇ޽޿੤ᵹࡊ
࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚‫ޟ‬ⅣႺߩፉ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢࡦ࡜ࡊࠅߊߠޠ‬ ᱦઍ߆ࠄ  ᱦઍߦඨ᭴ᚑ⊛㕙ធᴺߦࠃࠆ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ࠝޟޔ‬ࡦ࡝࡯ࡢࡦߩੱߠߊࠅ‫߇ޠੱޟࠅߪ߿ޔߪߦޠࠅߊߠߜ߹ߩࡦࡢ࡯࡝ࡦࠝޟޔޠ‬㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߐߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㜞㦂ൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆਈ⺰ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬․ߦ㜞㦂⠪ߪㆊ෰ߣ⃻࿷ࠍ⚿߱㨬⍮ߩ⽷↥㨭ߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇࡯࡝࠻ࠬࡅࡈࠗ࡜ޕ‬ⓥ߿᳃㑆≮ᴺ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍฦ਎ઍߢⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᄬࠊࠇߡ޿ߊવᛚࠍᦠ߈ᱷߔ૞ᬺ
߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠆߥࠄߐޔߢߣߎࠆߔ߁ߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬੤ᵹ߇↢߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪ߩ↢߈߇޿ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔߎߣ߳ߩ⽸₂߇ᦼᓙߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽߣ㐳ኼߩ߹ߜߠߊࠅߦߟߥ߇ࠅ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩ⥄ಽ௝߇㊀ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉߦ⧯޿਎ઍ߇⥄ାߣ⹶ࠅࠍᜬߡࠆࠝࡦ࡝࡯ࡢࡦߩፉ
ߠߊࠅߦߟߥ߇ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ߩࡦ࡜ࡊߩߟ ޔ‬ਛߢ․ߦ  ߣ  ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚਈ⺰⁛⥄ߩ⥄ὼ߿વ⛔ᢥൻ‫੍ޔ‬㒐ක≮ߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫ޔ‬వⴕᢥ₂߽ෳᾖߒߥ߇ࠄਈ⺰ፉߩ᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭎
ⷰߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦ਈ⺰ፉ‫ޔ‬᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޔࡓ࠹ࠬࠪࠕࠤࠬ࡞ࡋޔ‬ක≮ੱ㘃ቇ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪ੱ᧚

Medical anthropology-research on the health care system of
YORON Island

96

㧙 Folk Medical System of YORON Island 㧙
MIYAZONO Natsumi
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University
Abstract
According to Medical Anthropology, Health and Illness are social and cultural
phenomena while being a biological phenomenon. It is necessary to consider any illness
is not only as an individual illness but also as an illness of a family and the wholesociety including community. Arthur KURAIMAN defines the Folk Medical System as
the social-culture system accompanied by a private sector and the original knowledge
about the medical treatment and healthy maintenance in a domestic domain, and its
practice. YORON Island had the time of a doctorless village for a long time until thefirst doctor was invited from the KIKAI Island in Meiji 18. Moreover, although thedoctor of the YORON Island graduate is treating from the second half of Meiji toShowa 22, after doctor death has passed through the time of a doctorless village again.
therefore -- YORON Island -- an island -- although YABU faith and folk remedies fromancient times are a cure for YORON people and there are some which are no longer
utilized mostly, there is not little what is handed down and is existing. This time,
listening comprehension investigation by the half-composition-interviewing method
was conducted to five persons of 60 years-old to 90 years-old. A general view of the
Folk Medical System of YORON Island is reported classifying the result into a
medicine-treatment, a magic-treatment, a religious treatment, a physical treatment, andothers, and also using precedence reference.
Keyword: YORON Island, a Folk Medical System, a Health Care System, Medical
Anthropology, Senior citizenߪ ߓ߼ߦ
Σ㧚ߪਈ⺰ፉߪᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰↸✚วᝄ⥝⸘↹ߩ╙  ᦼታᣉ⸘↹ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬‫ࡦࠝޟ‬࡝࡯ࡢࡦߩੱߠߊࠅ‫ޔޠ‬‫↥ߩࡦࡢ࡯࡝ࡦࠝޟ‬ᬺߠߊࠅ‫ޔޠ‬‫ߊߠߜ߹ߩࡦࡢ࡯࡝ࡦࠝޟ‬ࠅ‫⋡ࠍޠ‬ᜰߒ‫ߩߟ ޔ‬ᚢ⇛ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࡊ࡜ࡦࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬੐ᬺࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧚ፉࠍᡰ߃ࠆ㗡⣖㓸࿅ߠߊࠅࡊ࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚↢߈ߚඳ‛㙚

97᭴▽ࡊ࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚࡛ࡠࡦࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼ഃㅧࡊ࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚‫ޟ‬ᖱႎߩፉ‫ޔࡦ࡜ࡊࠅߊߠޠ‬㧚ࠁࠎߧ߰ࠇ޽޿੤ᵹࡊ࡜ࡦ‫ޔ‬㧚‫ޟ‬ⅣႺߩፉ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢࡦ࡜ࡊࠅߊߠޠ‬ ߩፉࠍᡰ߃ࠆ㗡⣖㓸࿅ߠߊࠅࡊ࡜ࡦߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰↸ᖱႎൻࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ G٤- ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚᖱႎൻផㅴ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ଻ో࡮ౣ↢‫↥․ޔ‬ຠ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬ᣇ⸒࡮ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬ᔃߩஜᐽផ
ㅴ‫ࠅߊߠߜ߹ޔ‬Ⴖ╬ߩᵴേ߇޽ࠆ‫ߚ߈↢ߩ ޕ‬ඳ‛㙚᭴▽ࡊ࡜ࡦߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄬࠊࠇߟߟ޽ࠆਈ⺰⁛⥄ߩ⥄ὼ߿વ⛔ᢥൻ‫↢ޔ‬ᵴᢥൻ╬ߩ଻ሽ࡮વᛚ‫ޔ‬᥊ⷰߠߊࠅ߳ߩข
ࠅ⚵ߺ╬߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߪ↸ౝߦ࿷૑ߔࠆฦಽ㊁ߩฬੱ࡮㆐ੱࠍ
⊓㍳ߒߚ‫ ࠆ޽ߢޠ࠲࡯࠺᧚ੱޟ‬㧕‫ޕ‬㧔 એਅߪ⋭⇛㧕᣿ᴦ  ᐕ‫ޔ‬ೋߩකᏧ߇༑⇇ፉ߆ࠄ᜗⡜ߐࠇࠆ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉߪ㐳ߊήක᧛ߩᤨ
ઍ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬᣿ᴦᓟᦼ߆ࠄᤘ๺  ᐕ߹ߢਈ⺰ፉ಴りߩකᏧ߇⸻≮ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬කᏧㅤ෰ᓟߪౣ߮ήක᧛ߩᤨઍࠍ⚻ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ፉฎ᧪ߩࡗࡉ㧔㊁Ꮔ㧕ାઔ߅ࠃ߮᳃㑆≮ᴺ߇ፉ᳃ߩᴦ≮ᴺߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬ᴦ≮ߣ౒ߦ੍㒐ᴺߣߒߡ߽⌕⋡ߔࠆߴ߈ౝኈࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߩක≮ߩ⃻⁁߅ࠃ߮ੱ‫ߩޘ‬り૕ⷰ‫ޔⷰ∛∔ޔ‬ஜᐽⷰ‫ޔ‬ᴦ≮ᚢ⇛╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦߪ‫⃻ޔ‬ઍක≮⊛஥㕙ߦߩߺὶὐࠍᒰߡߡ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ታᘒߪ⷗߃ߡߎߥ޿‫ޕ‬
ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏ߅ࠃ߮వⴕᢥ₂࡮⾗ᢱ╬߽ෳᾖߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉߩੱ‫ޘ‬ߩ᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭎ⷰߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

ᣇ ᴺ
Τ㧚ᣇ
㧚⺞ᩏኻ⽎߅ࠃ߮ᣇᴺ㧦ਈ⺰ፉ಴りߩ  ᱦઍ߆ࠄ  ᱦઍߩ  ੱߦඨ᭴ᚑ⊛㕙
ធᴺߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬り૕ฦㇱߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ∛ߩฬ⒓ߣߘߩኻಣⴕേߦߟ޿ߡ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧚ኻ⽎⠪ߩ಴り࿾㧦ᦺᚭ‫ޔ‬㇊㑆‫ޔ‬ฎ㉿‫ޔ‬ၔ‫᧲ޔ‬඙‫ޕ‬㧚⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆㧦 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᦬  ᣣ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬ 㨪 ᣣ㧚⺞ᩏ႐ᚲ㧦ਈ⺰↸ᦺᚭ‫ޔ‬㇊㑆‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰↸࿾ၞ⑔␩࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰↸଻ஜ࠮ࡦ࠲
࡯ઁ㧚୶ℂ⊛㈩ᘦ㧦⺞ᩏౝኈ߅ࠃ߮⺞ᩏߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐߪ⎇ⓥ⋡⊛એᄖߦߪ৻ಾ૶
↪ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߿දജ⠪ߩࡊ࡜ࠗࡃࠪ࡯߇ଚኂߐࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᦨᄢ㒢ߩᵈᗧࠍᛄ߁ߎߣࠍญ㗡ߢ⺑᣿ࠍߒ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ⚿ᨐߪႎ๔ᦠ߅ࠃ߮⎇ⓥ⺰ᢥߣߒߡ⊒⴫ߔࠆᣦ߽વ߃‫ޔ‬ᛚ⻌ࠍᓧࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬⺞ ᩏ⚿ᨐΥ㧚⺞㧚 ਈ ⺰ፉߩ⃻ઍක≮ߦߟ޿ߡ

⴫ 1 ਈ⺰ፉߩ⃻ઍක≮ߩᄌㆫ

98

᣿ᴦ  ᐕ ᒆᒛᾲ∛㧔࠴ࡈࠬߣࠦ࡟࡜ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧕߇ᵹⴕߒ‫ޔ‬ᱫ⠪ᄙᢙ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒߡౝോ⋭ߦකᏧࠍ⺧޿‫ޔ‬᜗⡜ߒߡᴦ≮ࠍߐߖ‫ޔ‬ᶖᲥ㒐ⴡᣇᴺᜰዉߒߡ߽ࠄߞߚ߅߆ߍߢ∛൓⴮߃‫ޔ‬⬧ᑧࠍ㘩޿ᱛ߼ߚ‫߇ࠇߎޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߦ߅ߌࠆකᏧᣉ≮ߩᆎ߹ࠅ‫ޕ‬᣿ ᴦ  ᐕ ਈ⺰ᦨೋߩකᏧ‫ޔ‬ะ੗ᷡ㘑㧔༑⇇ፉ಴り㧕ࠍ᜗⡜‫ޕ‬㨪᣿ᴦᓟᦼ㨪 ፉ಴り ၔ ߩᨋᷡ㊀ ᣿ᴦ  ᐕ↢߹ࠇ ߇‫ޔ‬ㅤ෰߹ߢਈ⺰ፉߩක≮ߦᤘ๺  ᐕ ៤ࠊࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤘ๺  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ‫≮⸻┙↸ޔ‬ᚲ㐿⸳㧔ਈ⺰↸࿖଻⋥༡⸻≮ᚲ㧕‫ ޔ‬ᐥ‫ޕ‬ߚߛߒ‫ޔ‬Ᏹൕߩක≮ᓥ੐⠪߅ࠃ߮੐ോ⡯ຬߥߒ‫ޕ‬ᤘ๺  ᐕ ᣂߒ޿⸻≮ᚲ߇ࠝ࡯ࡊࡦ‫ޔ‬කᏧ૑ቛᑪ⸳ ᦬  ᣣ‫ޔ‬㇊㑆߳߈࿾଻ஜ⑔␩㙚㐿⸳ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ‫ޔ‬ක≮ᴺੱᴒ✽ᓼᎺળਈ⺰∛㒮㐿⸳ ⴫  ߪ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉߩ⃻ઍක≮ߦߟ޿ߡ‫╩ޔ‬⠪߇කᏧዉ౉ߩⷞὐߢ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

∛ฬ㩷
✚ᢙ㩷
⢖⚿ᩭ㩷
䈠䈱ઁ䈱⚿ᩭ㩷
᪢Ქ㩷
ᶷ∛㩷
エᕈਅ∌㩷
㥘䈔䈇ᶷᏉ⡺⧐⣲㩷⣺䉼䊐䉴㩷䉝䊜䊷䊋⿒∯㩷ਤᲥ㩷䉳䊐䊁䊥䊟㩷
⊖ᣣຕ㩷
䉌䈇∛㩷
⎕்㘑㩷
㤗∐㩷
㘑∐㩷
᳓∧㩷
ᵹⴕᕈ⡊ਅ⣼Ἳ㩷

⴫ 2 ∛ฬ೎વᨴ∛ᖚ⠪ᢙ(1952 ᐕਛ)2㧕㩷ᣂ⊒↢ᖚ⠪ᢙ㩷 ∛ฬ㩷㪍㪊㪍㪍㩷 䊪䉟䊦᳁∛㩷㪏㪌㪉㩷 ᣣᧄ⣖Ἳ㩷㪉㪋㪌㩷 ⁅›∛㩷㪏㪉㩷 䊃䊤䉮䊷䊙㩷㪈㪎㪏㩷 䊐䉞䊤䊥䉝㩷㪈㪎㩷 චੑᜰ⣺Ἳ∛㩷ᣂ⊒↢ᖚ⠪ᢙ㩷
㪐㪈㩷
㪉㩷
㪈㩷
㪏㪈㪐㩷
㪉㪇㪉㩷
㪈㪇㪏㪊㩷

㪉㩷 䉦䉟䉶䊮㩷㪉㩷 㜑⤑Ἳㅪ㎮⁁⩶ᕈ╬⢖Ἳ෺⩶⒳㩷
㪌㪋㪐㩷 䉟䊮䊐䊦䉣䊮䉱㩷㪊㪊㩷 ో⚿ᩭ㩷㪈㪊㩷 ↥ⶖᾲ㩷㪈㪈㪍㪏㩷 ోりᕈ⤥䈎䈚䉖㩷㪈㪌㩷 ᕆᕈ㑐▵䊥䊠䉡䊙䉼䉴㩷㪈㪎㩷 ᣂ↢ఽ⌁Ἳ㩷㪌㪇㩷 ຏ㥘∛㩷㪈㩷 Ⱜຏ்㩷㪉㪋㩷 㩷 㩷㪊㩷 㩷 㩷

㪍㩷
㪉㩷
㪊㪍㪌㩷
㪋㪍㪌㩷
㪈㪌㩷
㪉㪈㩷
㪈㪈㩷
㪉㩷
㪈㩷
㪉㪐㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷

99

⴫ 㪊㩷 વᨴ∛䈮䉋䉎∛ฬ೎ᱫ੢⠪ᢙ㩿㪈㪐㪌㪉 ᐕ㪀㪊㪀㩷 㩷
✚ᢙ㩷
㪉㪋㪌
⢖⚿ᩭ㩷
㪎㪊
䈠䈱ઁ䈱⚿ᩭ㩷㪉㪉᪢Ქ㩷㪈䉝䊜䊷䊋⿒∯㩷㪋䉳䊐䊁䊥䊟㩷
㪉
⊖ᣣຕ㩷
㪈㪌
⎕்㘑㩷
㪍
䊪䉟䊦᳁∛㩷
㪊
ᣣᧄ⣖Ἳ㩷
㪉
᳓∧㩷
㪈
ᵹⴕᕈ⡊ਅ⣼Ἳ㩷㪈વᨴᕈ⢄⤳Ἳ㩷㪈䊐䉞䊤䊥䉝㩷
㪌චੑᜰ⣺⯻∛㩷㪍䉟䊮䊐䊦䉣䊮䉱㩷
㪍
ో⢖Ἳ㩷
㪐㪈
↥ⶖᾲ㩷
㪉
Ⱜຏ்㩷
㪋
㩷
㪉䋮 ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ⠧㦂ੱญ㩷㩷
⴫ 4 ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕᐲ 90 ᱦએ਄ߩ⁁ᴫ 4㧕ᄶ⟤⟲ፉో

90㨪99 ᱦ100 ᱦ

101 ᱦએ਄

ว⸘

↵

ᅚ

↵

ᅚ

↵

ᅚ

↵

ᅚ

ว⸘

401

1496

7

23

8

62

416

1581

1997

33

87

0

5

1

9

34

101

135

૕
ਈ⺰ፉ
㩷

⴫ 5 ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ⠧㦂ੱญߩផ⒖ 5) 6㧕㩷
ᐕᰴ㩷

✚ੱญ㩷

ਈ⺰ፉ

਎Ꮺᢙ

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷

ታᢙ㩷

㪍㪌 ᱦએ਄䈱ੱญ╬㩷 㩷 㩷✚ੱญ䈮ኻ䈜

✚ੱญ䈮ኻ䈜

✚ੱญ䈮ኻ䈜䉎㩷䉎㩷䉎㩷Ყ₸㩿⋵㪀㩷

Ყ₸㩿ో࿖㪀㩷

Ყ₸㩿ᄶ⟤⟲

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

ፉ㪀㩷

100

ᤘ๺ 㪉㪎
ᐕ㩷

㪉㪇㪌㪃㪋㪌㪈

㪎㪃㪏㪊㪌 㩷 㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㪈㪃㪍㪋㪇 㩷 㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

ᤘ๺ 㪉㪏㩷

㩷㩷ᤘ๺ 㪊㪇㩷

㩷㩷ᤘ๺ 㪊㪌㩷

㩷㩷ᤘ๺ 㪋㪇㩷

㪈㪏㪊㪃㪋㪎㪈ᤘ๺ 㪋㪌㩷

㪈㪍㪋㪃㪈㪈㪋 㩷 㩷ᤘ๺ 㪌㪇㩷

㪈㪌㪌㪃㪏㪎㪐

㪍㪃㪐㪎㪈㪈㪌㪌㪃㪌㪊㪐

㪎㪃㪇㪍㪇 㩷 㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㪎㪃㪎㪐㪉 㩷 㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

ᤘ๺ 㪌㪉
ᐕ㩷
ᤘ๺ 㪌㪊
ᐕ㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㪎㪃㪏㪌㪈
㩷㩷
㪎㪃㪈㪏㪈

ᤘ๺ 㪌㪌㩷

㪈㪌㪍㪃㪇㪎㪋 㩷 㩷ᤘ๺ 㪍㪇㩷

㪈㪌㪊㪃㪇㪍㪉

㪎㪃㪉㪉㪉

ᐔᚑ 㪉㩷

㪈㪋㪉㪃㪏㪊㪋ᐔᚑ 㪎㩷㪈㪊㪌㪃㪎㪐㪈ᐔᚑ 㪐㩷㪈㪊㪌㪃㪍㪏㪋 㩷 㩷ᐔᚑ 㪈㪇㩷

㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㪈㪃㪌㪐㪍
㩷㩷
㪈㪃㪍㪐㪎

㪈㪏㪃㪊㪍㪈

㪈㪇㪅㪇㩷

㪏㪅㪌㩷

㪍㪅㪊㩷

㪈㪏㪃㪎㪏㪇

㪈㪈㪅㪋㩷

㪈㪇㪅㪈㩷

㪎㪅㪈㩷

㪉㪇㪃㪉㪌㪉

㪈㪊㪅㪇㩷

㪈㪈㪅㪌㩷

㪎㪅㪐㩷

㪉㪉㪃㪈㪈㪍

㪈㪋㪅㪉㩷

㪈㪉㪅㪎㩷

㪐㪅㪈㩷

㪉㪋㪃㪊㪍㪏

㪈㪌㪅㪐㩷

㪈㪋㪅㪉㩷

㪈㪇㪅㪉㩷

㪍㪃㪎㪇㪋 㩷 㩷㪉㪎㪃㪋㪈㪈

㪈㪐㪅㪉㩷

㪈㪍㪅㪍㩷

㪈㪉㪅㪇㩷

㪍㪃㪉㪈㪇 㩷 㩷㪊㪈㪃㪈㪌㪊

㪉㪉㪅㪐㩷

㪈㪐㪅㪎㩷

㪈㪋㪅㪌㩷

㩷㩷

㪊㪉㪃㪍㪇㪉

㪉㪋㪅㪇㩷

㪉㪇㪅㪏㩷

㪈㪌㪅㪋㩷

㪈㪊㪋㪃㪌㪌㪍 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㪊㪊㪃㪉㪏㪉

㪉㪋㪅㪎㩷

㪉㪈㪅㪋㩷

㪈㪍㪅㪇㩷

ᐔᚑ 㪈㪈㩷

㪈㪊㪋㪃㪍㪎㪌 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㪊㪊㪃㪌㪇㪎

㪉㪋㪅㪐㩷

㪉㪈㪅㪐㩷

㪈㪍㪅㪉㩷

ᐔᚑ 㪈㪉㩷

㪈㪊㪉㪃㪊㪈㪌

㪊㪋㪃㪈㪏㪐

㪉㪌㪅㪏㩷

㪉㪉㪅㪍㩷

㪈㪎㪅㪊㩷

ᐔᚑ 㪈㪊㩷

㪈㪊㪉㪃㪊㪍㪊 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㪊㪋㪃㪍㪊㪉

㪉㪍㪅㪉㩷

㪉㪊㩷

㪈㪎㪅㪎㩷

ᐔᚑ 㪈㪋㩷

㪈㪊㪈㪃㪋㪊㪌 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㪊㪋㪃㪏㪏㪉

㪉㪍㪅㪌㩷

㪉㪊㪅㪌㩷

㪈㪏㪅㪊㩷

ᐔᚑ 㪈㪌㩷

㪈㪊㪇㪃㪍㪌㪋

㪊㪌㪃㪇㪍㪋

㪉㪍㪅㪏㩷

㪉㪊㪅㪐㩷

㪈㪏㪅㪌㩷

㪍㪃㪇㪐㪐

㪌㪃㪏㪍㪍

㩷㩷

㩷㩷

㪈㪃㪐㪏㪇

㪉㪃㪐㪍㪋

㪉㪃㪈㪇㪇

ᐔᚑ 15 ᐕᐲߪ⋵⛔⸘⺖Ფ᦬ផ⸘ੱญᐔᚑ 15 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 1 ᣣ⃻࿷‫ޕ‬ᤘ๺ 27 ᐕߩੱญߪᤘ๺
27 ᐕ 12 ᦬⃻࿷ߩ࠺࡯࠲‫ ⴫ޕ‬5 ߪᒁ↪ᢥ₂ 5㧕6㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ╩⠪߇૞ᚑߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧚 り૕ฦㇱߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᣇ⸒ฬ⒓ߣߘߩኻಣⴕേߦߟ޿ߡ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏදജ⠪߇ߎࠇ߹ߢ⚻㛎ߒߚኻಣⴕേߦߟ޿ߡ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱႎ๔ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬䋱䋩 り૕ฦㇱߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᣇ⸒ฬ⒓ 㗡ㇱ߆ࠄ⿷ㇱ߹ߢ⡞߈ขࠅߒߚ߇‫ߪߢߎߎޔ‬ਅ⸥ߦߘߩ৻ㇱࠍឝタߔࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫㧢 り૕ฦㇱߩᣇ⸒ฬ⒓ߣߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ∛๭⒓㩷㩷
1䋮㗡ㇱ
䋨䋱䋩㗡䈱ㇱ૏
㗡㗂ㇱ
೨㗡ㇱ
㩷㩷

㩷
㩷㩷
Ԙ㗡䋨䉝䉺䊙䋩㩷 㩷 㗡㗂㩷 㩷 ೨㗡
㩷㩷㗵ਈ⺰↸ᦺᚭ
㩷㩷䉼䊑䊦䊶䊐䊤䉳㩷
䊐䊤䉳䊉䉼䉽㩷
㩷㩷䊏䉾䉼䉢䊷㩷

ਈ⺰↸ฟ㧔㇊㑆㧕㩷㩷䉼䊑䊦䊶䊐䊤䉳㩷
䉼䊑䊦䊉䉰䉨㩷
㩷㩷䊏䉾䉬䊷䇮䊏䉾䉼䊞

101
䉟㩷
䉮䊜䉦䊚㩷
䉡䉴䊮䉦䊮䊑㩷
䊐䊤䉳䊉䊏䉩㩷
䉰䊷䉩㩷
䉲䊤䊚㩷
䊐䉬㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
䊉䊷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
䊚䊮䊇䉝䊅㩷
䊚䊚䉺䊑㩷
䉼䊠䊷䉳㩷
䉮䊙䉪㩷
䊚䊮䊇䉪䉴㩷
䉡䊮䉼䊠㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
䊚䊷䊑䉲㩷
䊚䊷䊑䉲䊉䉝䉟䉻㩷䉡䉟䊙䊑䉺㩷䉲䉼䊞㩷䊚䊮䉺䊙㩷䉪䊦䊚䊮䉺䊙㩷
䉴䊷䊚䊮䉺䊙㩷
㩷㩷䊚䊷䊙䉼䉭㩷
㩷㩷䊚䊷䊅䉻䉶䊮㩷
䊚䊷䊅䉻㩷
䊊䊅㩷
䊌䊅䉲䉳㩷
䊌䊅䊉䉰䉨㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷䊌䊅䊉䉝䊅㩷
䊌䊅䊉䉲䉼䊞㩷

஥㗡ㇱ
ᓟ㗡ㇱ
(㜬)
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩿㛽㪀㩷
㩷㩷
㩿⣖㪀㩷
⡊ਅ⣼ຏ╭ㇱ㩷
㩿⡊㪀㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
䋨䋲䋩㗻䈱ㇱ૏
㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㥦ㇱ㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷
㩷㩷

㩷 㩷 ஥㗡䋨䈖䉄䈎䉂䋩㩷 㩷 ᓟ㗡㩷 㩷 㜬䈱Ძ㩷 㩷 ⊕㜬㩷 㩷 䉲䊤䊚㩷 㩷 䊐䉬㩷 㩷 㗡⬄㛽㩷 㩷 ᄢᴰ㐷㩷㩷⣖⡊ਅ⣼㩷 㩷 ᄖ⡊㩷 㩷 ᄖ⡊ሹ㩷 㩷 ⡊ု䋨䊚䊚䉺䊑䋩㩷 㩷 ਛ⡊㩷 㩷 㥏⤑㩷 㩷 ⡊䉝䉦㩷 㩷 ⡊䈣䉏㩷㩷㗻Ԙ⌒㩷 㩷 ⋲䋨䊙䊡䋩㩷 㩷 ⋲㑆㩷 㩷 ਄⌒⍘䋨䉡䊪䊙䊑䉺䋩㩷 㩷 ਅ⌒⍘䋨䉲䉺䊙䊑䉺䋩㩷㩷⋡㩷 㩷 ⍓ሹ㩷 㩷 ᒝ⤑䋨⊕⌒䈮⋧ᒰ䋩㩷 㩷 ౝ⌒ⷺ䋨䊜䉧䉲䊤䋩㩷 㩷 䉁䈧䈕㩷 㩷 ᄖ⌒ⷺ䋨䊜䉳䊥䋩㩷 㩷 ᶡὐ㩷㩷ᶡԙ㥦㩷 㩷 㥦⢛䋨䊊䊅䉴䉳䋩㩷 㩷 㥦ᩮ㩷 㩷 㥦ው䋨䊊䊅䉰䉨䋩㩷 㩷 㥦⠢䋨䉮䊋䊅䋩㩷 㩷 㥦᪞㩷 㩷 ᄖ㥦ሹ㩷 㩷 㥦䈱ਅ㩷㩷䉡䉾䉴䊮䉪䊑㩷
䊐䊤䉳䊉䊍䊷㩷
䉰䊷䉩㩷
䉰䊮㩷
䉟䊷䉨㩷
㩷㩷
䊏䉼䊠䊦䉨㩷㩷㩷䉪䊎㩷䊚䊮㩷䊚䊮䉴䊅䊷㩷
䊚䊮䉺䊑㩷
䉼䊠䊷䉳㩷
䉮䊙䉪㩷
䊚䊮䉯䊷䊤㩷
䊚䊮䉦䊤䉡䊮䉼䊠㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷䊏䉼䊠䊦䉨㩷
㩷㩷䊚䊮䉺䊙䊉䉡䉟㩷
䉲䉼䊞䊙䊑䉺㩷䊚䊮䉺䊙㩷䉪䊦䉺䊙㩷䉴䊷䊚䊮䉺䊙㩷
䊚䊮䉺䊙䊉䉲䊚䊢䊷㩷䊚䊷䊙䉼䉩㩷
䊚䊮䉺䊙䊉䉲䊚䊢䊷㩷
㩷㩷
䊚䊷䊅䉻㩷
䊌䊅㩷
䊌䊅䉲䉳㩷
䊌䊅䊉䉰䉨㩷
䊌䊅䊉䉰䉨㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷䊌䊅䊉䊅䊷㩷
䊌䊅䊉䉲䉼䊞㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷 㥦᳓

䊌䊅䉴䊷㩿㘑㇎䈱䈫䈐᳓䈱
䉂㪀䇮㩷

䊌䊅䊚䉳㩷

㩷㩷

㩷

䊌䊅䉻䉟㩿⤥䈏಴䉎䈫䈐㪀㩷㩷㩷䋲䋩 り૕ฦㇱߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ∛๭⒓ߣߘߩኻಣⴕേ 㗡ㇱ߆ࠄ⿷ㇱ߹ߢ⡞߈ขࠅߒߚ߇‫ߪߢߎߎޔ‬ਅ⸥ߦߘߩ৻ㇱࠍឝタߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔1㧕 ߎ߼߆ߺ߇∩޿࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ࡈ࡜ࠫ࡯ࡗ࠺ࠖ
㗡∩ᤨߩᴦ≮ᴺ䊶 ⬑ࠍឪߺ‫ߩߘޔ‬᳝ࠍߐ߆ߕ߈৻᧰૏㘶߹ߖߚ‫ޕ‬䊶 㤥♧ࠍ⎈޿ߡඨಽߦߒߡ㘶߹ߖߚ‫ޕ‬

102

䊶 ᾲ߇಴ࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ࠍ⊹ߩߘޔߡ޿ߚߚࠍ⨍ߩ⭈⧊ޔ‬೸޿ߢ‫ޔ‬᳓ᨉઍࠊࠅߦ
ߒ಄߿ߒߚ‫⚳ޕ‬ᚢᓟ߆ࠄᤘ๺  ᐕઍ߹ߢߪⴕߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬䊶 㜞ᾲᤨߪ‫ޔ‬ᐲᢙ߇㜞޿߅㈬ ࠰࠹࠷߆ࠄ૞ߞߚ㈬㧕ߢ⢷ߩḨᏓࠍߒߚ‫ޕ‬䊶 㗡ㇱࡑ࠶ࠨ࡯ࠫࠍߒߡ޽ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺߢኻಣߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ߈ߪࡗࡉ㧔㊁Ꮔ㧕ߦࠃࠆᴦ≮ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠆࠃߦࡉࡗޕ‬ᴦ≮ᴺ⚻㛎ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬# ߐࠎߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬    ᾲ߇಴ߡ∨ᡨ߇ߔࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ ࡉࡗޔ‬㊁Ꮔ㧩ࡕࡁࠪ࡝㧕ߦ㗬ࠎߛ‫ࡗߩߎޕ‬ࡉߪࠦ࡯ࡁࡄ࡯࠲ࡁࡓ࠴ࡖࡄ࡯ࡄ ࠦ࡯ࡁࡄ࡯࠲ߪ࿾ฬ‫ߪࡖ࠴ࡓޔ‬ਈ⺰ߩฬ೨‫ߩࠎߐ޽߫߅ߪࡄ࡯ࡄޔ‬ᗧ๧㧕ߣ๭߫ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ  บߢ߅␯޿ߔࠆ
ੱߛߞߚ‫ޔߪࡉࡗߩߎޕ‬ᤘ๺  ޽ࠆ޿ߪ  ᐕߏࠈᱫ੢ߒߚ߇‫ ޔ‬ઍ߹ߢ↢߈‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ߢߪ᦭ฬߥੱߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬    ᤘ๺  ᐕ㗃‫߅ޔ‬Უߐࠎ߇߼߹޿ߢฯ߈᳇߇ᱛ߹ࠄߕ‫ ޔ‬ᣣ㑆කᏧߦ⷗ߡ
߽ࠄߞߚߌߤࠃߊߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ῳ߇ࡓ࠿ࠪ࡝㧔‛⍮ࠅ㧕ߦ㗬ࠎߛ‫ࡓޕ‬࠿ࠪ࡝ߪ‫ߩߤ߹߆ޔ‬ᚲߢఱᒉߍࠎ߆ߒߡ੢ߊߥߞߚੱ߇޿ߚ႐ᚲ߆ࠄ⍹ࠍᜬߞߡ߈ߡ⴫ߩイਅߦ⍹ࠍ⟎޿ߚߚ߼ߦ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬ἴ޿ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒ߞߚ‫߁ߘޕ‬޿ࠊࠇߚߩߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬⍹ࠍイਅ߆ࠄߩߌߚࠄ߅Უߐࠎߩ∛᳇ߪහࠃߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߩࡗࡉߪ‫ߦߩ߽ߥ޿ߚߺࠎࠊ⨥ࠎߪߏޔ‬᳓ࠍ౉ࠇߡ┻ߩ⪲ࠍᶋ߆ߴ‫ࠇߘޔ‬ࠍ⷗ߥ߇ࠄ ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍ ಴ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔2㧕 ⣾⢲Ἳߩᴦ≮ᴺ  # ߐࠎߪ‫ޔ‬⣾⢲Ἳߩᴦ≮ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻㛎ߦߟ޿ߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬   ዩߦⴊ߇ᷙߑߞߡ޿ߚߩߢ‫ ࡯࡚ࡆࠞ࡯ࠖ࠹ޔ‬ᚻ㙃↢ߩᗧ๧ ߩᴦ≮ࠍߔࠆੱߩߣߎࠈߦⴕߞߚ‫ࠄ߆ੱߩ࡯࡚ࡆࠞ࡯ࠖ࠹ޕ‬ർ㘑ߦ޽ߚࠆᚲߩ৻ីࠅߩ࠰
࠹࠷ߩ⪲ࠍḡߩߺ  ᧰ߊࠄ޿ߦߥࠆ߹ߢᾇߓߡ‫ߟߕ᧰৻ࠍࠇߘޔ‬Ფ㘩㘶ࠎߢ߆ࠄ‫ ޕߚࠇࠊ޿ߣ޿ߐߥ᧪ߚ߹ޔ‬ᣣ㑆㘶ࠎߛࠄ‫ߩߘ߳ޔ‬ਅߦ⊕޿Ძ♻ߩ╭ߩࠃ߁ߥߩ߇಴ߡ߈ߚ‫ࠍࠇߘޕ‬㊎ߢ  ᣣ㑆߶ߞߡ߽ࠄߞߚ‫ ޔ‬ᣣᓟߦߪᭉߦ
ߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧝ㅳ㑆ߢోᴦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ౣ⊒ߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄌߛߣᕁߞߚࠄ᳓ࠍ৻᧰ ߚߊߐࠎ 㘶ࠎߢᵹߔࠃ߁ߦ⸒ࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ㄭᚲߦ߽ⴊዩ߇಴ߡ޿ࠆ↵ߩੱ߇޿ߚߩߢ‫ޕߚߒ੺⚫ࠍੱߩ࡯࡚ࡆࠞ࡯ࠖ࠹ޔ‬㊎ߢ߶ߓࠆߩߪ∩߇ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᓟߩੱߦߪࡗࠗ࠻ࠍߒߡ޿ߚࠄߒ޿‫ߩߎߘߋߔޕ‬ᆌߐࠎ߽ⴊዩ߇಴ߡᄢᄌߛߣ
޿߁ߩࠍ߈޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ߃ߡ޽ߍߚ‫߅ޕ‬ᆌߐࠎߪᣏ ∛㒮ߦ޿ߊߎߣ ߦ޿ߎ߁ߣ
ߒߡ޿ߚߌߤ‫ࠄ߆ߡߞⴕߦࠈߎߣߩੱߩ࡯࡚ࡆࠞ࡯ࠖ࠹ޔ‬ᣏߦⴕߎ߁ߣ޿߁
ߎߣߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᆌߐࠎߪߘߎߦⴕߞߚ‫߽੹ߡߞߥߊࠃߢࠇߘޕ‬ర᳇ߢ޿ࠆ‫࠰ޕ‬

103࠹࠷ߪߘࠇ߹ߢᲥߛߣᕁߞߡ޿ߚߩߦ⮎ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔3㧕 Ꮺ⁁∊∐࡮࡮࡮ࡄࠫࠟࠨ
Ꮺ⁁∊∐ߩᴦ≮ᴺ  # ߐࠎߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮺ⁁∊∐ߩᴦ≮ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻㛎ߦߟ޿ߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㋕ߩߐ߮ߣ߽ߜ☨ߣߎߨߡ‫ߪ☨ߜ߽ޔ‬ᱤߢ߆ࠎߢໜᶧߣᷙߗߡ㋕ߩߐ߮ߣߎߨࠆ‫ࠍࠇߘޕ‬ᖚㇱߦ⾍ࠆ‫ޕ‬$ ߐࠎߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮺ⁁∊∐ߩᴦ≮ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻㛎ߦߟ޿ߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᤄߪ⽋ዊደߦ࠻ࠗ࡟߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕߚߞ޿ߣࡒ࡞ࡊࠍ࡟ࠗ࠻ߩߘޕ‬ᶏߦⴕߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᶏߢጁ޿ߚࠊࠄߓࠍᜬߞߡ‫ޔ‬ଢᚲ ᄖߦ޽ߞߚଢᚲ ߦߘߩሶࠍㅪࠇߡⴕ߈‫ޔ‬ࠊࠄࠍΆ߿ߒߡἫࠍߚ߈‫ߩߘޔ‬ἫߢΆ߿ߒߚࠊࠄߓࠍߘߩࡄࠫࠟࠨ㧔Ꮺ⁁∊∐㧕ߩ਄ߢ߹ࠊߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ࠍߘߊ ޠࠨࠟ࡟ࠦࠬࠢޟ‬㘩ߴߥߐ޿ ߣ޿ߞߚ‫߇ޕ‬ߐߦࠢ࠰ࠍ㘩ߴߥߐ޿ߣ޿ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ࠄߚߒߘޕ‬ᴦߞߚ‫ޕ‬$ ߐࠎߪࡊ࡞ࡒߩ਄
ߢ‫ࠍߓࠄࠊߩߘޔ‬࿁ߒߡ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ầ᳓ߩ౉ߞߚࠊࠄߓࠍ૶ߞߚ߆ࠄല޿ߚߩ߆ߥ‫ޕ‬㧔4㧕 ࿃ᨐ⺰⊛᭎ᔨߦߟ޿ߡ  ∛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⃻⽎ࠍ࿃ᨐ⺰⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫఻ߣ⋡⋤ޔߡ޿ߟߦࠇߘޕ‬ໃࠍ଀ߦ᜼ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ⋤⋡࡮࡮࡮ࡒ࡯ࠢ࡜
వ␲ߩߚߚࠅ‫⋡ޔ‬㑐ଥߪ੗ᚭ‫ޔ‬੗ᚭࠍਇẖߦߒߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ជߞߡ޽ࠆ᳓ḳࠅߺߚ޿ߥជߞߚߛߌߩ੗ᚭ߆ࠄ᳓ࠍൎᚻߦ㘶ࠎߛࠅߒߚߣ߈ߦ‫ߦࠄߊ⋡ޔ‬ߥࠅ߿ߔ޿‫ޕ‬੗ᚭߪ๮ࠍߟߥ޿ߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬੗ᚭࠍᄢಾߦ ᷡẖߦ ߒߥ߆ߞߚ
ߚ߼ߦ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬వ␲ࠍᄢಾߦߒߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼ߦ⋡ߊࠄߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕 ఻ໃ࡮࡮࡮ࠪࡃࠞ࡯   ᅧᆼਛߦߘ߁޿߁ੱࠍ⷗ߚߎߣ߇޽ࠆߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬    ᤄߪ‫ޔ‬ᅧᆼਛߦ఻ໃߩੱࠍ╉ߞߚࠅߣ߆‫ޔ‬ᖡญࠍ⸒ߞߚࠅ‫ߊࠃࠅ߹޽ޔ‬ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ⸒ߞߚᄤ⟏ߣ޿ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᄸᒻఽ㧔࠹ࠗ࠴㧫㧕߇↢߹ࠇߚߣ߈
ߪ‫޿⸒ޔ‬વ߃ߢ‫ߦߜ߁ߩ⑳ޟ‬ᄸᒻఽ㧔࠹ࠗ࠴㧫㧕߇↢߹ࠇ߹ߒߚ࡯‫ߣޠ‬ᄢ

104ჿߢᐸߦ಴ߡ⸒߁ࠃ߁ߦ⸒ࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߣ޿ߥߒ߁ߘޕ‬หߓࠃ߁ߦᄸᒻఽ߇
↢߹ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Უⷫ߿ῳⷫ‫ޔ‬ኅᣖߢᕯߕ߆ߒ߇ࠄߕߦ౏⴫ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߣ޿ࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㧔5㧕 ‛ℂ⊛≮ᴺߦߟ޿ߡ  ๆⴊ≮ᴺ㧔࠴࡯ࡇࠠ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࠴ࡉ࡞ࡆࠠ㧕ߣࡗࠠࡃࠗߦߟ޿ߡ଀ࠍ᜼ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬  ଀ 㧕ๆⴊ≮ᴺ࡮࡮࡮⢋ߎࠅ  ⢋ߎࠅߩߣ߈ߪ‫ ࠠࡇ࡯࠴ޔ‬⢋ߩߎࠆߣߎࠈࠍ߆ߺߘࠅߢ⊹⤏ࠍᵻߊಾߞߡๆ޿₹ ࠟ࡜ࠬ ߢⴊࠍណࠆ㧕ๆ޿₹ߦࡑ࠶࠴  ᧄࠍๆߞߡߘࠇࠍ౉ࠇ
ߡⴕߞߡ޿ߚ‫ࠍࠇߘޕ‬ኾ㐷ߦߔࠆੱ߇޿ߚ‫ߪ੹ޕ‬㔚᳇ߢߔࠆߩ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㤥ߕࠎߛⴊ߇಴ߡࠃߊߥࠆ‫ߪ〔ޕ‬ዋߒᱷࠆ߇ࠃߊߥࠆ‫  ࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬ᣣߒߡ߆ࠄ߹ߚߒߡ߽ࠄ߁‫ޕ‬$ ߐࠎߩኅߩ㓞ੱߪ૗ߢ߽ߢ߈ߡߘߩੱ߇ߒߡߊࠇߚ
ߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬# ߐࠎߪ⥄ಽߩኅߢߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬  ଀ 㧕ࡗࠠࡃࠗ࡮࡮࡮∤   ࡗࠠࡃࠗ ࡕ࡝ߩవߺߚ޿ߥ߽ߩ߿ࡗࠗ࠻㧔߅ἲ㧕↪ߩࡂ࡝ ࠍ὾޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄖ∤ࠍ὾߈ߣߞߚ‫ߩ࡝ࡕޕ‬వߺߚ޿ߥ߽ߩ߿ࡗࠗ࠻ߩࡂ࡝ ࠍᧁ὇ߢ⌀ߞ⿒ߦߥࠆ߹ߢ὾޿ߡߘߩ⌀ߞ⿒ߥࡗࠠࡃࠗߢ∤ߩ∆ࠍ὾޿ߡᴦߔ‫ޕ‬# ߐࠎߩࡅࠗ
ߓ޿ߐࠎ߇ߒߡߊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᤄߪ‫ޔ‬ක⠪߇޿ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫߿ࠍ࡯࡚ࡆࠞ࡯ࠖ࠹ޔ‬ߞߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᐲ߿ߞߡᚑഞߒߚࠄ߿ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬

߹ ߣ߼
Φ㧚߹
ᤘ๺  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߆ࠄᤘ๺  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߪ☨࿖㒽ァ᡽ᐭߩ⛔᜝⋙〈ਅߦ⟎߆ࠇߚ‫  ߩߎޕ‬ᐕ㑆ߩⴕ᡽ಽ㔌ᦼ㑆ਛ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩੱ‫ࠇ߆߅ߩޘ‬ߚ↢ᵴ⁁ᴫߪ㕖Ᏹߦ෩ߒ޿߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄᓳᏫᓟߩ․೎ភ⟎ᴺߦၮߠߊᓳ⥝‫ޔ‬ᝄ⥝߅ࠃ߮ᝄ⥝㐿⊒੐ᬺߩታᣉߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬੤ㅢၮ⋚߿↥ᬺၮ⋚‫↢ޔ‬ᵴⅣႺߥߤߩ␠
ળⅣႺߥߤߩ␠ળ⾗ᧄߩᢛ஻߇ㅴ߻ߣߣ߽ߦ‫↢ޔ‬ᵴ᳓Ḱ߽⌕ታߦะ਄ߔࠆߥߤᄢ
߈ߥᚑᨐࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ 㧕‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉߪ㣮ఽፉᏒ߆ࠄ MO㧔⥶〝〒㔌㧕ߦ૏⟎ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ፉᄖߩ∛㒮ࠍฃ⸻ߔࠆߩߪ‫ޟࠆ⺆ߩ࠻ࡦࡑ࡯ࠜࡈࡦࠗޔ‬ᣏߦ಴ࠆ‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁⸒⪲ߢ⴫⽎ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆⊛ߦ߽⾌↪⊛ߦ߽⽶ᜂߦߥࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߛߌߢߪ᥉ㆉൻߪ߹ߛߢ߈ߥ޿߇‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߢᴦߖࠆ߽ߩߪᚻᜬߜߩኅ
ᐸ⮎߿⮎⨲╬ࠍᾇߓߡᴦߒ‫߆ߥ߆ߥޔ‬ᴦࠄߥ޿ߣ߈ߪ∛㒮߳ⴕ߈‫ߪ߿߽ߢࠇߘޔ‬ࠅ⸃᳿ߒߥ޿ߣ߈ߪࡗࡉ㧔㊁Ꮔ㧕ߩߣߎࠈߦⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㆬᛯ⢇ߪᤨઍߩᄌ
ㆫ߅ࠃ߮਎ઍ㑆ߢᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ޕ‬ᩏ⚿ᨐౝኈ߆ࠄ⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚߇┙⸽ߐࠇߥ޿߽
ߩ߽ᄙߊ޽ࠆ߇‫ߦ․ޔޘੱޔ‬㜞㦂⠪ߩり૕ⷰ‫ޔ‬ᴦ≮ⷰ‫ޔ‬ஜᐽⷰࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈ߦή
ⷞߒߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ౝኈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

105

 ਈ⺰↸ߢߪᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬߆ࠄ࿖ߩ⵬ഥࠍฃߌ‫↸ޔ‬᳃ߩஜᐽ⛽ᜬࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ
߼ߩ੍㒐ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬࿖଻ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࠶ࡊ੐ᬺ‫߇ޠ‬ታᣉߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫․ߩߘޕ‬ᓽߪᶏ᳓ࡊ࡯࡞߿ᶏᵿߢߩㆇേࠍਛᔃߦߒߚ࠲࡜࠰࠹࡜ࡇ࡯㧔ᶏᵗ≮ᴺ㧕㧕 ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਈ⺰ߩⅣႺࠍᵴ߆ߒߚ߽ߩߢᗧ⟵ᷓ޿‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߪਈ⺰ፉߩ᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ᭎ⷰߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ߇‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐߦ
ߟ޿ߡߪ㊂߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼‫ᧄޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦߪߘߩ৻ㇱࠍឝタߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪፉ᳃ߩ∛᳇ߦߥߞߚߣ߈ߩኻಣⴕേ߅ࠃ߮⃻ઍක≮߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߦߟ޿ߡ‫ᤨޔ‬ઍᕈ࡮਎ઍᕈ߽
฽߼‫␠ޔ‬ળ࡮⚻ᷣ࡮ᢥൻ⊛஥㕙ࠍ߰߹߃‫⾰ޔ‬໧⚕ࠍ↪޿ߚ㊂⊛⺞ᩏߣ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆ⾰⊛⺞ᩏࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬߅ ࠊࠅߦ
Χ㧚߅⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫߹ߩࡦࡢ࡯࡝ࡦࠝޟޔޠࠅߊߠੱߩࡦࡢ࡯࡝ࡦࠝޟޔ‬ߜߠߊࠅ‫߇ޠੱޟࠅߪ߿ޔߪߦޠ‬㊀ⷐߥࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߐߖࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ਈ⺰ߩߎࠇ߹ߢߩᱧผ߅ࠃ߮ᢥൻ࡮⠌ᘠࠍવᛚߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ߣ଀ߩߟ৻ߩߎޕ‬ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰᳃ଶ᧛ߩㆇ༡⠪⩵ජઍ᳁ߣᴒ✽࿖㓙ᄢቇߩ㜞ᯅବਃᢎ᝼ߩ  ᐕ㑆ߩ౒ห૞ᬺߩ㓸ᄢᚑߢ޽ࠆ‫ޡ‬ਈ⺰ᣇ⸒ㄉౖ‫ޢ‬㧔ᱞ⬿㊁ᦠ㒮㧕߇ೀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬りㄭߦ޽ࠆߣ⷗ㆊߏߐࠇ߇ߜߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ߪ⍮⼂ߩቲᐶߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞㦂ൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆਈ⺰ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪ߪㆊ෰ߣ⃻࿷ࠍ⚿߱㨬⍮ߩ⽷↥㨭ߢ޽ࠆ‫⎇࡯࡝࠻ࠬࡅࡈࠗ࡜ޕ‬ⓥ߿᳃㑆≮ᴺ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍฦ਎ઍߢⴕ޿‫ޔ‬ᄬࠊࠇߡ޿ߊવᛚࠍᦠ߈ᱷߔ૞ᬺ߇ᄢಾߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥࠄߐޔߢߣߎࠆߔ߁ߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࠆ੤ᵹ߇↢߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪ߩ↢߈߇޿ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔߎߣ߳ߩ⽸₂߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃
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 ᧄⓂߦ߅ߌࠆਈ⺰ፉߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ‫ޔ‬વᛚ⠪  ฬߩ⊝ߐࠎ‫଻ޔ‬ஜ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⡯ຬ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰↸࿾ၞ⑔␩࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⡯ຬߩᣇ‫ޔޘ‬ਈ⺰↸ᓎ႐‫≮⸻࡞࠙࠽ࡄޔ‬ᚲ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ᖱႎൻࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ G٤M ࠍߪߓ߼ᄙߊߩᣇ‫ߦޘ‬㕖Ᏹߦ߅਎⹤ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫⸻࡞࠙࠽ࡄߦ․ޕ‬≮ᚲ㒮㐳ฎᎹ⺈ੑవ↢ߦߪ⺞ᩏදജ⠪߿࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߳ߩߏ⚫੺ࠍߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈⺞ᩏ߇ࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦⴕߊࠃ߁ߦࠕ࡟ࡦࠫ߅ࠃ߮ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߒߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫⚕ޕ‬㕙ࠍᜬߞߡදജߒߡߊߛߐߞߚ⊝᭽ߦᗵ⻢↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒁ↪ᢥ₂㧕ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ↸᡽ㆇ༡ߩᚲା߅ࠃ߮ਥⷐᣉ╷ߩ᭎ⷐ㧘ᐢႎࠃࠈࠎ XQN㧘
㧕ᤘ๺  ᐕᄶ⟤⟲ፉ᭎ⷰ℄⃿⛔⸘ႎ๔೎ౠ㧘℄⃿᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ㇱ⊒ⴕ㧘㧘R

106㧕ᤘ๺  ᐕᄶ⟤⟲ፉ᭎ⷰ℄⃿⛔⸘ႎ๔೎ౠ㧘℄⃿᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ㇱ⊒ⴕ㧘㧘R
㧕ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ᭎ᴫ㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵ᄢፉᡰᐡ㧘㧘R
㧕ᤘ๺  ᐕᄶ⟤⟲ፉ᭎ⷰ℄⃿⛔⸘ႎ๔೎ౠ㧘℄⃿᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ㇱ⊒ⴕ㧘
㧕ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ᭎ᴫ㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵ᄢፉᡰᐡ㧘㧚 ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ᭎ᴫ㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵ᄢፉᡰᐡ㧘㧘R㧚 ࿖଻ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࠶ࡊ੐ᬺߩႎ๔㧘ᐢႎࠃࠈࠎ XQN㧘ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ࠕ࡯ࠨ࡯࡮ࠢ࡜ࠗࡑࡦ㧘⥃ᐥੱ㘃ቇ㧙ᢥൻߩਛߩ∛⠪ߣᴦ≮⠪㧙㧘ᄢᯅ⧷ኼ࡮
㆙ጊቱ຦࡮૞㆏ା੺࡮Ꮉ᧛㇌శ⸶㧘ᒄᢥၴ㧘㧚ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ౏⊛∛㒮╬ක≮૕♽⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ㧘␠࿅ᴺੱ∛㒮▤ℂ⎇ⓥදળ㧘㧚ᄶ⟤଻ஜක≮࿤࿾ၞ଻ஜක≮⸘↹㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵㧘㧚
-NGKPOCP#%QPEGRVUCPF/QFGNHQTVJG%QORCTKUQPQH/GFKECN5[UVGOU

CU%WNVWTCN5[UVGOU5QEKCN5EKGPEGCPF/GFKEKPG
㧚࿖଻ࡋ࡞ࠬࠕ࠶ࡊ੐ᬺߩႎ๔㧘ᐢႎࠃࠈࠎ XQN㧘
㧚ᤘ๺  ᐕᄶ⟤⟲ፉ᭎ⷰ℄⃿⛔⸘ႎ๔೎ౠ㧘℄⃿᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ㇱ⊒ⴕ㧚㧚㊁ญᚽ⬿㧘ᄶ⟤ᢥൻߩḮᵹࠍᘗߞߡ㧘㆏ߩፉ␠㧘㧚㧚(QUVGT)/CPF#PFGTUQP$)/GFKECN#PVJTQRQNQI[0GY;QTM-PQRH
 ㇌⸶ )/ࡈࠜࠬ࠲࡯㧛$)ࠕࡦ࠳࡯࠰ࡦ㧦ක≮ੱ㘃ቇ㧘ਛᎹ☨ㅧ⋙⸶㧘࡝ࡉࡠࡐ࡯࠻㧘
㧚ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ↸᡽ㆇ༡ߩᚲା߅ࠃ߮ਥⷐᣉ╷ߩ᭎ⷐ㧘ᐢႎࠃࠈࠎ XQN㧘
㧚ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ᭎ᴫ㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵ᄢፉᡰᐡ㧘㧚㧚߳߈࿾ක≮ኻ╷ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵ⴡ↢ㇱකോ⮎ോ⺖㧘㧚㧚ች⭽ᄐ⟤ਈ⺰ፉߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆක≮ੱ㘃ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ㧙ਈ⺰ፉߩ᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧙ᣣᧄፉᎩቇળᐕႎ╙ภRR
㧚ች⭽ᄐ⟤ਈ⺰ፉߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆක≮ੱ㘃ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ̆ਈ⺰ፉߩࡋ࡞ࠬࠤࠕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ̆ᄙፉၞߦ߅ߌࠆዊፉᎩߩ⥄ᓞᕈ̆ਈ⺰ፉࠍਛᔃߣߒߚධ⷏⻉ፉߢߩቇ㓙⊛⎇ⓥ̆㧘ႦේẢਃ࡮㐳᎑ବ੺✬㧘ධᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔0QRR
㧚ች⭽ᄐ⟤㧘‐ਯᵿਭઍ㧘࿖㓙⋴⼔ߣ᳃ଶක≮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓΣ಴↥⢒ఽߣ JQVEQNFℂ⺰㧘㣮ఽፉ⚐ᔃᅚሶᄢቇ⋴⼔ᩕ㙃ቇㇱ♿ⷐ 8QN㧘RR㧚㧚㔌ፉක≮ኻ╷ߩ⠨߃ᣇ㧘㣮ఽፉ⋵ⴡ↢ㇱ㧘㧚㧚ጊ↰ታ㧘ਈ⺰ፉߩ↢ᵴߣવᛚ㧘᧲੩᪉ᬤ␠㧘㧚㧚ਈ⺰↸⹹✬㓸ᆔຬળ✬㧘ਈ⺰↸⹹㧘ਈ⺰↸ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ⊒ⴕ㧘㧚

107ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩㄘᬺߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪౷ ᳗ ⨃ ੱ 㣮ఽፉᄢቇㄘቇㇱ

Present state and future of agriculturein Amami-oshima archipelago

TOMINAGA Shigeto
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima Universityߪߓ߼ߦ 㣮 ఽ ፉ ⋵ ߦ ߪ ධ ർ MO ߦ ࠊ ߚ ߞ ߡ ‫ ޔ‬એ ਄ ߩ ፉ ‫߁ ߩ ߘޕ ࠆ ޽ ߇ ޘ‬ߜᄶ⟤⟲ፉߪ᷷ᥦᄙ㔎ߥ੝ᾲᏪᶏᵗᕈ᳇୥ߢ‫ޔ‬᳓Ⓑࠍ㒰ߊᄙ᭽ߥ૞‛߇ᩱၭߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߪ⡺↪‐ߩ↢↥߽Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦፉߣ߽ࠨ
࠻࠙ࠠࡆߩᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ߇ᦨ߽ᄙ޿߇‫↥↢ߩߘޔ‬ᕈߪૐ޿‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߪࠨ࠻࠙
ࠠࡆࠍၮᐙ૞‛ߣߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬㊁⩿‫ޔ߈⧎ޔ‬ᨐ᮸ߥߤߩ࿦⧓૞‛ߣ⡺↪
‐ ࠍ ⚵ ߺ ว ࠊ ߖ ߚ ⶄ ว ⚻ ༡ ߥ ߤ ‫ޔ‬ፉ ߏ ߣ
ߦ ․ ⦡ ޽ ࠆ ㄘ ᬺ ߇ ዷ 㐿 ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߚ ߹ޕ‬บ㘑߿ᐓ߫ߟߩⵍኂࠍฃߌࠆᐕ߽ᄙ޿ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ‫ ⇌ޔ‬࿾ ߆ ࠎ ߇ ޿ ᣉ ⸳ ߥ ߤ ߩ ᢛ ஻߽ ㅴ ߼ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ੹ޕ‬ᓟ ߪ ‫ࡆ ࠠ ࠙ ࠻ ࠨޔ‬ߩ ቟ ቯ ⊛ ߥ ↢ ↥ ૕ ೙ ࠍ ⛽ ᜬ ߒ ߥ ߇ ࠄ ‫ޔ‬੝ᾲᏪᕈ᳇୥ࠍ↢߆ߒߚ┹੎ജߩ޽ࠆㄘ
ᬺ↥࿾ࠍፉߏߣߦ⏕┙ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇
㊀ ⷐ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߪ ߢ ߎ ߎޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߦ ߅ ߌࠆㄘᬺߩ⃻⁁ߣ዁᧪ዷᦸߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬㧝 㧚ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ࿾ ℂ ⊛ ૏ ⟎ ߣ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ߩ ੱ╙㧝࿑ 㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩፉᎩ

108

ญേᘒ
㣮 ఽ ፉ ⋵ ߪ ධ ർ ߦ ⚂ 㨗 㨙 ߢ ‫  ߜ ߁ ߩ ߘޔ‬એ ਄ ߩ ፉ ‫ ࠆ ߥ ࠄ ߆ ޘ‬ፉᎩ ၞ 㧔 ↘ ፉ ࠍ 㒰 ߊ 㧕 ߪ ർ ✲ q߆ ࠄ qߦ ಽ Ꮣ ߒ ‫ ޔ‬ධ ർ ߦ MO ߩ 〒㔌 ߇ ޽ ࠆ 㧔 ╙ 㧝 ࿑ 㧕‫ ╙ ޕ‬㧝 ࿑ ߩ ὐ ✢ ߢ ࿐ ࠎ ߛ ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ 㧔 ᄶ ⟤ ࿾ ၞ 㧕 ߪ 㣮ఽፉ⋵ፉᎩၞߩ⚂ඨಽࠍභ߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄢፉᧄፉߪฬἑᏒࠍߪߓ߼㧝Ꮢ㧟↸㧟᧛‫ޔ‬༑⇇ፉߪ㧝↸‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߪ㧟↸‫ޔ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉߪ㧞↸‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉߪ㧝↸ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ᦨ ߜ ߁ ߩ ࠄ ࠇ ߘ ޕ‬ධ ┵ ߩ ਈ ⺰ ፉ ߪ ᴒ ✽ ߆ ࠄ ࠊ ߕ ߆  ᢙ MO ߩ〒㔌ߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤࿾ၞߪบḧ߆ࠄᴒ✽ߦ߆ߌߡߩᢥൻ߿↥ᬺߩᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊฃߌߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙䋱⴫䇭ᄶ⟤⟲ፉฦᏒ↸᧛䈱ੱญ䈱ផ⒖䋨ᤘ๺㪌㪌ᐕ䌾ᐔᚑ㪈㪉ᐕ䋩
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ߪ‫ޔ‬ฬἑᏒߩੱ

㪌䋵᦬ፉౝߩᏒ↸᧛ߢ㪈㪇䋴᦬ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲

ደਭፉ
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ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱ
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䋳᦬

 ߽ ᷫ ዋ ߒ㪉㪇䋲᦬๺  ᐕ ߦ Ყ ߴ ߡ㪉㪌䋱᦬ ᐕ ߩ ੱ ญ ߪ ᤘ᦬ ೎ ᐔ ဋ ᳇ ᷷ 䋨㷄 䋩ߌߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ญ ߇ ో ૕ ߩ╙㧞࿑ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉฦ࿾ၞߩ᳇᷷ߩផ⒖

109ࠍ භ ߼ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫ ੱ ߩ ᧛ ↸ ߩ ઁ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ญ ߪ ో ૕ ߩ એ ਅ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ᦨ ޔ‬߽ ੐ 㗄 ߇ ዋ ߥ ޿ ߩ ߪ ૑ ↪ ᧛ ߩ ⚂  ੱ 㧔 㧕 ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬㧞㧚ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ᳇⽎᧦ઙ
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ℂቇ⊛ߦߺ
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඙ၞߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬᦬೎㒠㔎㊂䋨㫄㫄䋩 ᄶ⟤࿾ၞ

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╙㧟࿑ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉฦ࿾ၞߩ㒠㔎㊂ߩផ⒖㪊㪇㪇୥ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㪉㪌㪇᦬೎ᣣᾖᤨ㑆䋨㪿㫉㫊䋩ᥦߥ੝ᾲᏪ᳇

ፉߦࠃߞߡ᳇
⽎᧦ઙ߇⇣ߥ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉฦ࿾

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᦬ 䋰᦬ 䋱᦬ 䋲᦬䋹䋱䋱䋱ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ደ

᦬
䋱

ਭፉ߅ࠃ

╙㧠࿑ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉฦ࿾ၞߩᣣᾖᤨ㑆ߩផ⒖

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ߐ޿߇‫ޔ‬

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ࠆᏅߪዊ

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࿑ 㧕‫ޔ‬ᄐ ቄ

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䋳᦬

ߴࠆ‫߹ޕ‬

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᦬೎ᐔဋ㘑ㅦ䋨㫄 㪆㫊 䋩ߣᲧセߒ╙㧡࿑ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉฦ࿾ၞߩᐔဋ㘑ㅦߩផ⒖

110⑺౻ቄߪ᷷ᥦߢᓼਯፉ҈ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ㧪ደਭፉ㧪㣮ఽፉߩ㗅ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴ޿ߢ ‫ޔ‬㒠 㔎 ㊂ ࠍ ߺ ࠆ ߣ㧔 ╙ 㧟 ࿑ 㧕‫ޔ‬ፉ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ Ꮕ ߇ ᄢ ߈ ߊ ‫ޔ‬ᄶ ⟤ ᄢ ፉ 㧩 OO‫ޔ‬ᓼ ਯ ፉ 㧩 OO ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ߩ ઁޔ‬ፉ ߪ OO ೨ ᓟ ߢ ᄐ ቄ ߦ ߪ ᐓ ߫ ߟ ߩⵍኂࠍฃߌࠆᐕ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᐕ㑆ߩᣣᾖᤨ㑆㧔╙㧠࿑㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬㒠㔎߇ᄙ޿ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߣᓼਯፉߢߪ⚂ ᤨ 㑆 ‫ ࠇ ߘ ޔ‬એ ᄖ ߩ ፉ ߢ ߪ  ᤨ 㑆 એ ਄ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ߐ ࠄ ߦ ‫ޔ‬ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߢ ߪ ᐕ 㑆 ࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߡ 㘑 ߇ ᒝ ߊ㧔 ╙ 㧡 ࿑ 㧕‫ޔ‬ᐕ 㑆 ᐔ ဋ 㘑ㅦ ߪ 㧡 㨙 એ ਄ 㧔 㣮 ఽ ፉ ߪ 㧞 㨪 㧟 O㧕 ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ ޔ‬ፉ 㑆 ࠍ Ყ セ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ޔ‬ਈ ⺰ ፉ҈ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ㧪ᓼਯፉ㧪ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚 ᳇ ⽎ ᧦ ઙ ߣ ㄘ ᬺ ߣ ߩ 㑐 ଥ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߢߪ⑺౻ቄߦ᷷ᥦߥ᳇⽎᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ ᷷ Ꮺ ૞ ‛ ߩ ⑺ ౻ ቄ ߩ ଦ ᚑ ᩱ ၭ ߩ ઁ ‫ޔ‬ᾲ Ꮺ࡮੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ૞ ‛ ߩ ㆡ ࿾ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬߹ߚࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆߩᩱၭ߿⑺౻ቄ߽㘺ᢱ૞‛߇⼾ንߦ⏕଻ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߆
ࠄ૞‛ᩱၭߣ⡺↪‐ߩⶄว⚻༡߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㒠㔎㊂߇ᄙ޿ፉߢߪᣣᾖਇ⿷ߣ⋧߹ߞߡ‫ޔ‬૞‛ߩエᒙ࡮ᓤ㐳‫⯻∛ޔ‬ኂᄙ⊒ࠍ᜗޿ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬ᐔဋ㘑ㅦ߇㜞޿ߎߣߪ૞‛଻⼔ߩߚ߼ߩ㒐㘑ኻ╷߿‫ޔ‬บ㘑ߦ߽⠴߃ࠆᒝᐲߩ㜞޿ᣉ⸳߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ߞߚࠅ‫ޔ‬㒠㔎㊂ߩዋߥ޿ፉߢߪᐓ߫ߟ
ߩⵍኂኻ╷ߩߚ߼ߩ⇌࿾߆ࠎ߇޿ᣉ⸳ߩᢛ஻߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ߞߚࠅߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ↥ᬺ᭴ㅧ  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ↥ ᬺ ᭴ ㅧ ࠍ ߺ ࠆ ߣ㧔 ╙ 㧢 ࿑ 㧕‫ ↥ ↢ ✚ޔ‬㗵 ߪ ╙ 㧟 ᰴ ↥ ᬺ ߇ᦨ ߽ ᄙ ߊ ‫ ╙ޔ‬㧝 ᰴ ↥ ᬺ ߪ ࿶ ୟ ⊛ ߦ ዋ ߥ ޿ ‫ޕ‬㇭ ᳃ ᚲ ᓧ ߪ  ਁ ౞ ೨ ᓟ ߢ ‫ޔ‬࿖ ߿ ⋵ ߦ Ყ ߴ ߡ ߿ ߿ ૐ ޿ 㧔 ╙ 㧣 ࿑ 㧕‫ ޕ‬✚↢↥㗵䈱ഀว㩿㩼㪀

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╙䋳ᰴ↥ᬺ
╙䋲ᰴ↥ᬺ
╙䋱ᰴ↥ᬺ

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㪇㩼

╙䋳ᰴ↥ᬺ
╙䋲ᰴ↥ᬺ
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╙㧢࿑ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉౝ✚↢↥㧔ం౞㧕

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㇭᳃ᚲᓧ䋨ජ౞䋩ᚲᓧᩰᏅ䋨ኻᲧ䋩

111

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㇭㪆⋵
㇭㪆࿖
㇭᳃ᚲ
ᓧ㪆ੱ

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╙㧣࿑ᄶ⟤⟲ፉౝߩ㇭᳃ᚲᓧߩផ⒖㧠㧚ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩㄘᬺߩ⃻⁁㧚 ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ㄘ ኅ ᚭ ᢙ ߣ ኾ ᬺ ㄘ ኅ ഀ ว ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߦ߅ߌࠆㄘኅᚭᢙߪᕆỗߦᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ኾᬺㄘኅ ߩ ഀ ว ߪ ᤘ ๺  ᐕ એ 㒠 ߶ ߣ ࠎ ߤ ᮮ ߫ ޿ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬ኾ ᬺ ㄘ ኅ ߩ ഀ ว ߪ Ⴧട ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ㧔 ╙ 㧤 ࿑ 㧕‫ޕ‬ፉ ೎ ߅ ࠃ ߮ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ೎ ߩ 㧝 ᚭ ᒰ ߚ ࠅ ㄘ ᬺ ⚻ ༡ 㕙 Ⓧߪ‫ޔ‬ጊ࿾߇ᄙ޿ᄢፉᧄፉߢ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߊ‫ޔ‬༑⇇ፉ‫ޔ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ

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㪈㪇㪇㪇㪇
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㪇
㪪㪅㪋㪇 㪪㪅㪋㪌 㪪㪅㪌㪇 㪪㪅㪌㪌 㪪㪅㪍㪇 㪟㪅㪉ኾᬺㄘኅഀว㩿㩼㪀ߢߪᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ฦᏒ↸᧛ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ㄘኅ޽ߚࠅߩ⠹࿾㕙Ⓧ߽ห᭽ߩ௑ะ

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ኾᬺㄘ
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ኅഀว

㪟㪅㪎 㪟㪅㪈㪉

╙㧤࿑ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߦ߅ߌࠆㄘኅᚭᢙ‫ޔ‬ኾᬺㄘኅߩផ⒖ߢ ޽ ࠆ㧔 ╙ 㧥 ‫ ޔ‬࿑ 㧕‫ޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ᐕ 㦂 ೎ ㄘ ᬺ ᓥ ੐ ⠪ ߪ ో ૕ ⊛ ߦ 㜞 㦂 ൻ߇ ㅴ ࠎ ߢ ޿ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᓼ ਯ ፉ ߿ ᴒ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ፉ ߢ ߪ Ყ セ ⊛ ჽ ᐕ ጀ ߇ ᄙ ޿ 㧔 ╙ ࿑ 㧕‫ ޕ‬112

㪈ᚭᒰ⚻༡㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩

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ᄶ⟤ᧄፉ

༑⇇ፉ

ᓼਯፉ

ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ

ਈ⺰ፉ

ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ⸘

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ፉ ೎ ߩ 㧝 ㄘ ኅ ޽ ߚ ࠅ ⚻ ༡ 㕙 Ⓧ JC 㪊㪇㪇䋱ᚭᒰ⚻༡㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩




 



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╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ฦ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ೎ ߩ 㧝 ㄘ ኅ ޽ ߚ ࠅ ߩ ⠹ ࿾ 㕙 Ⓧ JC 


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ᐕ㦂೎ㄘᬺੱญ



ᄶ⟤ᧄፉ

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╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ፉ ೎ ߩ ᐕ 㦂 ೎ ߩ ㄘ ᬺ ᓥ ੐ ⠪ 113㧚 ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ૞ ‛ ೎ ૞ ઃ ߌ 㕙 Ⓧ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩฦፉ೎ߩ૞‛೎⠹࿾㕙Ⓧ㧔╙㧞⴫㧕ߣ૞‛೎ߩ☻↢↥㗵
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╙䋲⴫䇭ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ䈱ፉ೎䈱૞‛೎⠹࿾㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩ᄶ⟤ᧄፉ ༑⇇ፉ ᓼਯፉ ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱ ਈ⺰ፉ ว⸘
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ᨐ᮸
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㪐㪌㪍 㪈㪌㪋㪉㪏ᄶ⟤⻉ፉ⸘╙䋳⴫䇭ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ䈱ㄘᬺ☻↢↥㗵䈱ផ⒖䋨ం౞䋩
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䉰䊃䉡䉨䊎
㪏㪐㪅㪏 㪈㪌㪋㪅㪏㪈㪈㪏㪅㪏 㪈㪇㪇㪅㪍㊁⩿䊶ᨐ᮸䊶⧎䈐㪊㪏㪅㪎㪐㪋㪅㪐㪈㪋㪎㪅㪈 㪈㪍㪋㪅㪉
䈠䈱ઁ
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⡺↪‐
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⽋
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㙃Ⰼ
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ว⸘
㪈㪏㪇㪅㪎 㪉㪐㪊㪅㪋㪊㪈㪉㪅㪍 㪊㪈㪋㪅㪌㪟㪅㪈㪉 㪟㪅㪈㪊㪉㪅㪉㪉㪅㪌㪐㪇㪅㪇 㪐㪎㪅㪊㪈㪊㪌㪅㪌 㪈㪉㪈㪅㪏㪇㪅㪇㪇㪅㪇㪋㪇㪅㪎 㪊㪌㪅㪎
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㪉㪎㪊㪅㪏 㪉㪍㪉㪅㪎

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㪉㪏㪇㪅㪐

࿦ ⧓ ૞ ‛㧔 ㊁ ⩿ ‫ޔ ߈ ⧎ޔ‬ᨐ ᮸ 㧕ߩ 㕙 Ⓧ ߪ ዋ ߥ ޿ ߇ ‫ ↥ ↢ ☻ޔ‬㗵 ߪ ᄢ ߈ ߊ ‫ޔ‬෼⋉ᕈߪ㜞޿‫ޕ‬ኅ⇓ߢߪ⡺↪‐ߩ㘺⢒㗡ᢙߩჇടߦ઻ߞߡ‫ޔ‬㘺ᢱ૞‛ߩ૞ઃߌ߽Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚 ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ㄘ ᬺ 㧔 ૞ ‛ 㧕 ↢ ↥ ೨ ㅀ ߒ ߚ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ‫ޔ‬ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ૞ ‛ ↢ ↥ ߢ ߪ ࠨ ࠻ ࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ߣ ࿦ ⧓ ૞ ‛㧔 ㊁⩿‫ޔᧁ⧎ޔ‬ᨐ᮸㧕߇ਛᔃߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬ᩱၭ
㕙Ⓧߪᄙ޿߇‫↥↢✚ޔ‬㗵ߪૐ޿‫ޕ‬㧚 ࠨ ࠻ ࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆߪ෼ⓠ㕙Ⓧ‫↥↢ޔ‬㊂ߣ߽ᷫዋߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬෻෼ߪẋᷫ߹ߚߪ ᮮ ߫ ޿ ߢ ޽ ࠆ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ޕ‬ฦ ፉ ೎ ߩ ෼ ⓠ 㕙 Ⓧ ࠍ ߺ ࠆ ߣ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߢᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ᰴ޿ߢ༑⇇ፉ㧪ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ㧪ᄢፉ

114
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෼ⓠ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪀
෻෼䋨㫂㪾㪆㪈㪇㪸䋩↢↥㊂䋨ਁ㫋㫆㫅䋩㪉㪇㪇㪇↢↥㊂䋨ਁ㫋㫆㫅䋩෼ⓠ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩䇮෻෼䋨㫂㪾㪆㪈㪇㪸䋩

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䌓䋵䋵

䌓䋶䋰

䌈䋲

䌈䋷

䌈䋱䋲

䌈䋱䋳

䌈䋱䋴

╙  ࿑ ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ࠨ ࠻ ࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ߩ ↢ ↥ ߩ ផ ⒖ 




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෼ⓠ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩







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ᄶ⟤ᧄፉ
ᓼਯፉ
ਈ⺰ፉ

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༑⇇ፉ
ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ

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㪈㪇㪇㪇




㪇



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㪟㪅㪈㪋

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ฦ ፉ ߩ ࠨ ࠻ ࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ෼ ⓠ 㕙 Ⓧ ߩ ផ ⒖ 

ᐔဋ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪸䋩



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㧪

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ਈ

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⺰

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ፉ

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ߩ

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ߢ

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ᄶ⟤ᧄፉ

༑⇇ፉ

ᓼਯፉ

ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ

ਈ⺰ፉ

޽

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ฦ ፉ ೎ 㧝 ㄘ ኅ ޽ ߚ ࠅ ࠨ ࠻ ࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ 㧔 ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ 㧕 115

ࠅ ‫ ߩ ࠇ ߕ ޿ޔ‬ፉ ߢ ߽ ᤘ ๺  ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ߹ ߢ ߪ ᷫ ዋ ߒ ‫ޔ‬એ ᓟ ߪ ♧ ᬺᝄ ⥝ ᡽ ╷ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ẋ Ⴧ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ߩ 㧝 ㄘ ኅ ᒰ ߚ ࠅ ⚻ ༡ 㕙 Ⓧ ߪ ༑⇇ ፉ 㧪 ᓼ ਯ ፉ 㧪 ᴒ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ፉ 㧪 ᄢ ፉ ᧄ ፉ 㧪 ਈ ⺰ ፉ ߩ 㗅 ߢ ޽ ࠆ㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆ↥ᬺߩ⃻⁁ߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ‫ࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔ‬ߩ↢↥ߪᐔᚑ㧟ᐕએ㒠ᷫዋ௑ะߦ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߢߪో⠹࿾㕙Ⓧߩએ ਄ ࠍ භ ߼ ࠆ ၮ ᐙ ૞ ⋡ ߢ ޽ ࠅ ‫ ޔ‬ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ߦ ‫ ↥ ↢ ߮ ߈ ߁ ߣ ߐ ޟ‬ᡷ ༀ⸘↹‫╷߇ޠ‬ቯߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫᧦↥↢ޔ‬ઙߩᢛ஻‫ⷙޔ‬ᮨ᜛ᄢ‫⺖❱⚵ޔ‬ߦࠃࠆᜂ޿ᚻ⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾ൻߩផㅴ‫ޔ‬ఝ⦟ຠ⒳ߩ⢒ᚑ࡮᥉෸߇⋡ᮡߣߐࠇ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ‫ ޔ ߦ ࠄ ߐ ޕ‬ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ߪ ‫ ޟ‬ᣂ ߐ ߣ ߁ ߈ ߮ ࡮ ♧ ᬺ ౣ ᵴᕈൻ⸘↹‫╷߇ޠ‬ቯߐࠇߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ‫ޔ‬༑⇇ፉߢߪ࿾ਅ࠳ࡓࠍᑪ⸳ߒ‫ޔ‬ẑ᳓ᣉ⸳ࠍᢛ஻ߒߡࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆߩ቟ቯ↢↥ࠍ⋡ᜰߥߤߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚 ㊁ ⩿ ᰴ ޿ ߢ ‫ ޔ‬㊁ ⩿ ߩ ↢ ↥ ࠍ ߺ ࠆ ߣ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ో ↥ ↢ ޔ‬૕ ߪ ᮮ ߫ ޿ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ਥⷐߥ㊁⩿ߪࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߣ⍹Ꮉࠨ࠻ࠗࡕߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬࡚㧔ᣧជࠅ㧕ߩჇടߪ⪺ߒߊ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ㧣ᐕᐲߦߪᴒ᳗⦟ㇱߩࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪ
ߪ‫ޟ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼‫ߩޠ‬ᜰቯࠍฃߌߚ‫ޕ‬⍹Ꮉࠨ࠻ࠗࡕߩᩱၭߪᦨㄭ

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ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪸㪀
↢↥㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩↢↥㊂䋨㫋㫆㫅䋩

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㪇

↢↥㊂䋨㫋㫆㫅䋩

ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩䇮↢↥㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩ᷫ ዋ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ޕ‬ਥ ⷐ ㊁ ⩿ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ࡃ ࡟ ࠗ ࠪ ࡚ ߣ ⍹ Ꮉ ࠨ ࠻ ࠗ ࡕ

㪇
䌓䋵䋵

䌓䋶䋰

䌈䋲

䌈䋷

䌈䋱䋲

䌈䋱䋳

䌈䋱䋴

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ㊁ ⩿ ߩ ↢ ↥ ߩ ផ ⒖ ߩ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ࠍ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ೎ ߦ ߺ ࠆ ߣ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ߪ ࡚ ࠪ ࠗ ࡟ ࡃ ޔ‬⍮ ฬ ↸ 㧪 ๺ᴱ↸㧪દ઄↸㧪ᄤၔ↸㧪ᓼਯፉ↸ߩ㗅ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉࠨ࠻ࠗࡕߪਈ⺰↸㧪 ๺ ᴱ ↸ 㧪 ᓼ ਯ ፉ ↸ 㧪 ⍮ ฬ ↸ ߩ 㗅 ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޔ ࡦ ࡠ ࡔޔ ࡦ ࠥ ࡦ ࠗޔ ઁ ߩ ߘޕ‬ࠞࡏ࠴ࡖ‫ߩߤߥࡦ࡯ࠦ࠻࡯ࠗࠬޔ‬ャㅍ㊁⩿߇ᩱၭߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬෼⋉ᕈ

116

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㪈㪍㪇㪇ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩

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䊋䊧䉟䉲䊢
⍹Ꮉ䉰䊃䉟䊝䉟䊮䉭䊮䉦䊗䉼䊞䉴䉟䊷䊃䉮䊷䊮
䊜䊨䊮

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䌈䋱䋴

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ㊁ ⩿ ߩ ⒳ 㘃 ೎ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ߩ ផ ⒖ 㪍㪇㪇ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩

㪌㪇㪇

䊋䊧䉟䉲䊢
⍹Ꮉ䉰䊃䉟䊝

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╙  ࿑  ࡃ ࡟ ࠗ ࠪ ࡚ ߣ ⍹ Ꮉ ࠨ ࠻ ࠗ ࡕ ߩ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ೎ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ߪ㜞޿߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛㓸⚂ᕈ߽㜞ߊ‫ޔ‬ଔᩰᄌേ߽ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ャㅍࠦࠬ࠻߽㜞޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂ൻߦ઻޿ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ߇ᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥ↥࿾ߪਈ⺰↸ߣᴒ᳗⦟ㇱߩ⍮ฬ↸ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ㊁⩿↢↥ߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㊁⩿ᩱၭߪャㅍ㊁⩿ߣ⥄⛎㊁⩿ߦᄢ೎ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ャㅍ㊁⩿ߩ෼⋉ᕈߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㜞޿‫ߒ߆ߒޔ‬ଔᩰߪਇ቟ቯߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ャㅍࠦࠬ࠻߇㜞޿ߎߣ߇ࡀ࠶ࠢߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊁⩿ߩ߁ߜ‫ࡃޔ‬࡟࡚ࠗࠪߪᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ૞⋡ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਥ↥࿾ߩᴒ᳗⦟ㇱߣᓼਯፉߢߪᩱ
ၭ㕙ⓍߪჇടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⍹Ꮉࠨ࠻ࠗࡕߪᐔᚑ㧟ᐕࠍࡇ࡯ࠢߦᩱၭߪᷫ
ዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ャㅍ㊁⩿ߢ޽ࠆࠗࡦࠥࡦߩ෼⋉ᕈߪ㜞޿߇‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ㧢ᐕࠍ

117ࡇ࡯ࠢߦᩱၭߪᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔࡦ࡯ࠦ࠻࡯ࠗࠬޔࡖ࠴ࡏࠞߦઁߩߘޕ‬ࡔࡠࡦ‫ޕࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ↥↢߇࡝࠙ࠟ࠾ޔ‬㧚 ⧎ ߈ ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ⧎ ߈ ߩ ↢ ↥ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߺ ࠆ ߣ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ޔ‬ಾ ࠅ ⧎ ߩ ᩱ ၭ 㕙Ⓧߣ↢↥㗵߇ᕆỗߦჇടߒ‫⃿ޔ‬ᩮߩᩱၭ㕙Ⓧߪᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮢ↸᧛ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪸㪀䊶↢↥ቇ㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩

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ಾ䉍⧎ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪸㪀ಾ䉍⧎↢↥㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩⃿ᩮᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪸㪀⃿ᩮ↢↥㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩ⷰ⪲ᬀ‛ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪸㪀ⷰ⪲ᬀ‛↢↥㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩

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㪇
䌓䋵䋵

䌓䋶䋰

䌈䋲

䌈䋸

䌈䋱䋲

䌈䋱䋳

䌈䋱䋴

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ⧎ ߈ ↢ ↥ ߩ ផ ⒖ ೎ ߩ ಾ ࠅ ⧎ ߩ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ㧔 ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ᐲ ߩ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ 㧕ࠍ ߺ ࠆ ߣ ‫ ߪ ࠢ ࠠޔ‬๺ᴱ ↸ JC 㧪 ༑ ⇇ ↸ JC 㧪 ਈ ⺰ ↸ JC ‫ ߪ ࠬ ࡜ ࠝ ࠫ ࡜ ࠣޔ‬⍮ ฬ↸ JC 㧪 ๺ ᴱ ↸ JC ‫ ߪ ࡝ ࡙ޔ‬๺ ᴱ ↸ JC 㧪 ⍮ ฬ ↸ JC ‫ޔ‬࠰ ࡝ ࠳ ࠦ ߪ ๺ ᴱ ↸ JC 㧪 ⍮ ฬ ↸ JC 㧪 ਈ ⺰ ↸ JC ߩ 㗅 ߦ㓸 ਛ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ㧔 ࿑ ⴫ ߪ ␜ ߐ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ 㧕‫ ⃿ޕ‬ᩮ ߣ ⷰ ⪲ ᬀ ‛ ߢ ߪ ‫ ߪ ࡝ ࡙ޔ‬๺ᴱ ↸ JC 㧪 ⍮ ฬ ↸ JC ‫ ߪ ࠕ ࠫ ࡯ ࡝ ࡈޔ‬๺ ᴱ ↸ JC 㧪 ⍮ ฬ↸ JC ‫ ⪲ ⷰޔ‬ᬀ ‛ ߪ ═ ೑ ↸ JC 㧪 ฬ ἑ Ꮢ JC ߦ 㓸 ਛ ߒ ߡ ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ⧎߈ߪ‫ࠍࠦ࠳࡝࠰߿࡝࡙ޔߦ․ޔ‬ਛᱛߦ෼⋉ᕈߪ㜞޿߇‫ޔ‬ャㅍࠦࠬ࠻ߩ㜞ߐ߿㜞㦂ൻߦࠃࠅᩱၭߪિ߮ᖠࠎߢ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩ⧎߈↢↥ߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ಾࠅ⧎ߩ෼⋉ᕈߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㜞ߊ‫ߪࠢࠠޔ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ‫ޔ‬༑⇇ፉ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉࠍਛᔃߦ㔚ᾖᩱၭߩዉ౉ߣ
૞ઃߌ߇Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪ࡝࡙ޕ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉࠍਛᔃߦߒߡ቟ቯ
ߒߚ↢↥߇⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠬ࡜ࠝࠫ࡜ࠣޕ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉߢߩ㔺࿾ᩱၭ㧔シ

118ഭജ㧕߇ᄙ޿‫ߪࠦ࠳࡝࠰ޕ‬㜞නଔߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ‫ޔ‬ਈ⺰ፉࠍਛᔃߦߒߡᩱၭ߇᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⃿ޕ‬ᩮߪ࡙࡝‫ߦ߽ߣࠕࠫ࡯࡝ࡈޔ‬ᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
㧚 ᨐ ᮸ ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ᨐ ᮸ ߩ ↢ ↥ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߺ ࠆ ߣ㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ޔ‬ᤘ ๺  ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ᐔ෼ⓠ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪸㪀䇮↢↥㊂㩿㫋㫆㫅㪀䇮↢↥㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩

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෼ⓠ㕙Ⓧ㩿㪿㪸㪀
↢↥㊂㩿㫋㫆㫅㪀
↢↥㗵䋨⊖ਁ౞䋩

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䌓䋵䋵

䌓䋶䋰

䌈䋲

䌈㪏

䌈䋱䋲

䌈䋱䋳

䌈䋱䋴

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ᨐ ᮸ ↢ ↥ ߩ ផ ⒖ ᚑ  ᐕ߹ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ‫↥↢ޔ‬㊂ߣ߽િ߮ߡ߈ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑߦߥߞߡ߆
ࠄߪ஗ṛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᨐ᮸ߩ⒳㘃೎ߩᩱၭ㕙Ⓧߩផ⒖ߦ

119

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ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩

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䉺䊮䉦䊮
䊘䊮䉦䊮
䉴䊝䊝
䊎䊪

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䌈䋱䋴

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ਥ ⷐ ᨐ ᮸ ߩ ᩱ ၭ ḩ Ꮸ ߩ ផ ⒖ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߺ ࠆ ߣ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ߪ ࡦ ࠞ ࡦ ࠲ ޔ‬ᤘ ๺  ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ߹ ߢ ⋥✢ ⊛ ߦ Ⴧ ട ߒ ߚ ߇ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ᓟ ⚂ JC ߢ ߶ ߷ ৻ ቯ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ‫ ޕ‬ห ߓ ࠞ ࡦ ࠠ࠷ 㘃 ߢ ߽ ࡐ ࡦ ࠞ ࡦ ߪ ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ᐔ ᚑ 㧤 ᐕ ߹ ߢ ᷫ ዋ ߒ ‫ޔ‬ᐔ ᚑ  ᐕ એ 㒠߆ࠄߩᩱၭ㕙Ⓧߪ߶߷ᮮ߫޿ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣࡦࠞࡦࡐߩߘޕ‬ᾲᏪᕈࠬࡕࡕ㧔⧎ⲷࠅ᧘ 㧕 ߪ ፉ ౝ ᶖ ⾌ ߇ ਛ ᔃ ߢ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ߪ ⚂ JC ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ߪ ࡢ ࡆ ޕ‬ᐔ ᚑ 㧞 ᐕࠍࡇ࡯ࠢߦỗᷫߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦߥ᳇⽎᧦ઙࠍ↢߆ߒߡ‫੹ޔ‬㪈㪋㪇ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩

㪈㪉㪇㪈㪇㪇䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿
䊙䊮䉯䊷
䉝䊁䊝䊟
䈠䈱ઁ

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╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ਥ ⷐ ੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ᨐ ᮸ ߩ ᩱ ၭ ḩ Ꮸ ߩ ផ ⒖ ᓟ੝ᾲᏪᨐ᮸ߩዉ౉࡮᥉෸ߣ↢↥Ⴧ߇ᦸ߹ࠇࠆ߇‫࡯࡞ࡈࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡄޔ‬࠷ ߣ ࡑ ࡦ ࠧ ࡯ ߪ ẋ Ⴧ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ޔ ࠪ ࡦ ࡟ ࠧޔ ࡃ ࠕ ࠣޔ ઁ ߩ ߘޕ‬ࡄ ࠗ ࠽ ࠶ ࡊ ࡞ ‫ ߩ ߤ ߥ ࡗ ࠗ ࡄ ࡄ ޔ‬ዉ ౉ ࡮ ⹜ ૞ ߽ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ 㧔 ╙ 㧠 ⴫ 㧕‫ޕ‬

120

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ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩

╙㪋⴫䇭ᄶ⟤⟲ፉ䈪ᩱၭ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎Ꮢ↸᧛೎䈱੝ᾲᏪᨐ᮸䈱⒳㘃䋨ᐔᚑ㪈㪋ᐕ䋩䊋䊅䊅䇮䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䉫䉝䊋ฬἑᏒᄢ๺᧛䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿ቝᬌ᧛䊋䊅䊅䇮䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䊌䊌䉟䊟䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷䇮䊌䉟䊅䉾䊒䊦ἑᚭౝ↸䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷૑↪᧛䊋䊅䊅䇮䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䊌䊌䉟䊟䇮䉫䉝䊋䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷㦖ㇹ↸䊋䊅䊅䇮䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䉫䉝䊋䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷═೑↸䊋䊅䊅䇮䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䉫䉝䊋䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷༑⇇↸䊋䊅䊅䇮䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䊌䊌䉟䊟䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷䇮䉝䊁䊝䊟ᓼਯፉ↸䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷䇮䊌䉟䊅䉾䊒䊦ᄤၔ↸䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䉫䉝䊋䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷દ઄↸䊙䊮䉯䊷䇮䊌䉟䊅䉾䊒䊦䇮䊄䊤䉯䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿
๺ᴱ↸䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷⍮ฬ↸䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿䇮䊙䊮䉯䊷䇮䉝䊁䊝䊟䇮䉯䊧䊮䉲
ਈ⺰↸
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䊌䉾䉲䊢䊮䊐䊦䊷䉿
䊙䊮䉯䊷

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ᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ䋨㪿㪸䋩

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ਥ ⷐ ᨐ ᮸ ߩ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ਥ ⷐ ੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ᨐ ᮸ ߩ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ਥ ⷐ ᨐ ᮸ ߩ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ೎ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ࠍ Ꮢ ↸ ᧛ ೎ ߦ ߺ ࠆ ߣ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ࡦ ࠲ ޔ‬121ࠞࡦߪฬἑᏒ㧪ᓼਯፉ↸㧪૑↪᧛㧪㦖ㇹ↸㧪ἑᚭౝ↸‫ߪࡦࠞࡦࡐޔ‬૑↪᧛㧪ฬἑᏒ㧪ἑᚭౝ↸㧪ቝᬌ᧛㧩ᓼਯፉ↸‫ࡕࡕࠬޔ‬㧔⧎ⲷ᧘㧕ߪᄢ๺᧛㧪ฬἑᏒߩ㗅ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬੝ᾲᏪᨐ᮸ߢߪࡄ࠶࡚ࠪࡦࡈ࡞࡯࠷߇㦖ㇹ↸㧪ฬἑᏒ㧪═೑↸㧪ἑᚭౝ↸‫߇࡯ࠧࡦࡑޔ‬ᄤၔ↸㧪દ઄↸㧩༑⇇↸ߩ 㗅 ߢ ޽ ࠆ 㧔 ╙  ࿑ 㧕‫ ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩᨐ᮸↢↥ߦߟ޿ߡ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣ‫ࠞߩࡦࠞࡦࡐߣࡦࠞࡦ࠲ޔ‬ࡦࠠ࠷㘃߇ၮᐙᨐ᮸ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ਥ↥࿾ߪᄢፉᧄፉߣᓼਯፉߢ޽
ࠆ‫࠷ࠠࡦࠞޕ‬㘃ߩ߁ߜ‫ߪࡦࠞࡦ࠲ޔ‬᷷ᥦߥ᳇⽎᧦ઙࠍ↢߆ߒߡ㜞ຠ⾰ᨐታ߇↢↥ߢ߈ࠆߚ߼ߦᩱၭ㕙Ⓧߣ↢↥㊂߇Ⴧടߒߡ߈ߚ‫ࡦࠞࡦࡐޕ‬ߪ ፉ ౝ ᶖ ⾌ ߢ ᩱ ၭ 㕙 Ⓧ ‫ ↥ ↢ޔ‬㊂ ߣ ߽ ߦ ஗ ṛ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ᾲ Ꮺ ᕈ ࠬ ࡕ ࡕ㧔 ⧎ⲷ᧘㧕ߩᩱၭ㕙Ⓧ߽஗ṛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫࠶ࡄޔߜ߁ߩ࠷࡯࡞ࡈ࡞ࠞࡇࡠ࠻ޕ‬࡚ࠪࡦࡈ࡞࡯࠷ߪᄢፉᧄፉ‫ߪ࡯ࠧࡦࡑޔ‬ᓼਯፉߣ༑⇇ፉ߇ᩱၭߩਛᔃߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ߩ ࠇ ߕ ޿ޔ‬࿾ ၞ ߢ ߽ ‫ ੹ޔ‬ᓟ ᣂ ⷙ ߩ ࠻ ࡠ ࡇ ࠞ ࡞ ࡈ ࡞ ࡯ ࠷ ߩ ⹜ ૞ ࡮ዉ౉߇⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔઁߩߘޕ‬᜛ᢔ㒐ᱛ߇⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬ᄢፉᧄፉએᄖߪࠣ࡝࡯࠾ࡦࠣ∛ߩᳪᨴ࿾ၞߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ᧄፉ߳ߩ᜛
ᄢ㒐ᱛኻ╷߇㊀ⷐ࡮ᕆോߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚 ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ⇓ ↥  㧚 ‐ ⡺↪‐ߣ❥ᱺ㓽‐ߩ㘺⢒㗡ᢙ߅ࠃ߮ሶ‐↢↥ߣ߽ߦિ߮ߡ޿ࠆ‫․ޕ‬ߦ ‫ޔ‬⡺ ↪ ‐ ߪ ᤘ ๺  ᐕ ߆ ࠄ ᐔ ᚑ 㧣 ᐕ ߦ ߆ ߌ ߡ ᄢ ᏷ ߦ Ⴧ ട ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ㧔 ╙
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㗡ᢙ

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䌓䋵䋵

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䌈䋱䋲

䌈䋱䋳

╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ‐ ߩ 㘺 ⢒ 㗡 ᢙ ߩ ផ ⒖ 

䌈䋱䋴

122

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❥ᱺ㓽㗡ᢙ

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㪉㪌㪇㪇㪇
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╙  ࿑  ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ 㙃 ⽋ 㘺 ⢒ ᢙ ߩ ផ ⒖ 

䌈䋱䋴

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↪‐ߩ㘺⢒߇Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦ․ޕ‬ᄢፉᧄፉએᄖߩፉ㧔ᓼਯፉ㧪ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ㧪ਈ⺰ፉ㧪༑⇇ፉ㧪㧕ߢߩ㘺⢒߇ᄙߊ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ፉߩ㧝ᚭᒰߚࠅ 㘺 ᢱ ૞ ⠹ ࿾ 㕙 Ⓧ ߽ Ⴧ ട ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫ ޔ‬ᐔ ဋ ߢ JC એ ਄ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ৻ ޕ‬ᣇ ‫ ޔ‬ᚢᓟ⋓ࠎߢ޽ߞߚ㙃⽋ߪᕆỗߦᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩઁߩߘޕ‬ኅ⇓ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ጊ⟠‫ޔ‬㢚㧔ណෆ㢚㧕߇㘺⢒ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚 ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߩ ㄘ ᬺ ߩ ⃻ ⁁ ߩ ߹ ߣ ߼ ࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆߪᄶ⟤⟲ፉ࿾ၞ⚻ᷣࠍᡰ߃ࠆၮᐙ૞‛ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬෼⋉ᕈߪૐ޿߇‫ޔ‬૞ࠅ߿ߔߊ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼἴኂߦ߽ ᒝ޿቟ቯߒߚᄶ⟤࿾ၞߩ᳇⽎᧦ઙߦว⥌ߒߚ૞‛ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬㊁⩿‫ޔ߈⧎ޔ‬ᨐ᮸ߩ࿦⧓૞‛ߪഭ௛㓸⚂ᕈ߇㜞ߊ‫߽߆ߒޔ‬෼⋉ᕈ߽㜞޿߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᜬߜ߇ૐ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄャㅍ⾌↪߇㜞޿߫߆ࠅߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬㔛ⷐߣଏ⛎ߩ㑐ଥߦࠃߞߡߪଔᩰᄌേ߽ᄢ߈
޿ߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ૞ઃߌ㕙Ⓧߪᄢ߈ߊᄌേߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⡺↪
‐ߪ᳇⽎ἴኂߦ߽ᒝߊ‫ⷙޔ‬ᮨ᜛ᄢ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢჇടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩㄘᬺో૕ߩ⃻⁁ࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㔌ፉߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄャㅍࠦࠬ࠻߇㜞޿ߎߣ‫ޔ‬ㄘኅߩ㜞㦂ൻߩㅴዷ߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇ᦨᄢߩਇ቟ⷐ࿃ߣ
ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧚 ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ฦ ፉ ೎ ߩ ㄘ ᬺ ߩ ⃻ ⁁ ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩㄘᬺߩ⃻⁁ߦߟ޿ߡฦፉ೎ߦߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢፉᧄፉߪጊᨋ߇
ᄙ޿ߚ߼ߦ⠹૞น⢻ߥ࿯࿾߽ዋߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㧝ᚭᒰߚࠅ⠹࿾㕙Ⓧߪᐔ ဋ ߢ C ߣ ᦨ ߽ ዊ ߐ ޿ ‫ ᧄ ޕ‬ፉ ർ ㇱ ߪ ࠨ ࠻ ࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ਛ ᔃ ߢ 㔺 ࿾ ㊁ ⩿ ߣ ⇓↥ߩㄘᬺߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛධㇱ߽ࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆ߇ਛᔃߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᨐ᮸㧔ࠞࡦࠠ࠷㘃ߣߘߩઁ੝ᾲᏪᨐ᮸㧕ߩㄘᬺᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇․ᓽߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬༑⇇ፉ ߪ ᐔ မ ߥ ፉ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ‫ޔ‬㧝 ᚭ ᒰ ߚ ࠅ ⠹ ࿾ 㕙 Ⓧ ߪ C ߣ ᦨ ᄢ ߢ ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄘᬺᒻᘒߣߒߡߪࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆ߇ਛᔃߢ‫ޔ‬ട߃ߡ⡺↪‐‫ޔ‬㊁⩿㧔࠻ࡑ ࠻ 㧕‫ ߈ ⧎ ޔ‬㧔 ࠠ ࠢ 㧕 ߅ ࠃ ߮ ᨐ ᮸ 㧔 ࠲ ࡦ ࠞ ࡦ ‫ ࡯ ࠧ ࡦ ࡑ ޔ‬㧕 ߣ ᄙ ᭽ ߥ ㄘ ᬺᒻᘒߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߅ߥޕ‬༑⇇ፉߢߪ⇌࿾߆ࠎ߇޿↪ߩ࿾ਅ࠳ࡓ߇ᑪ
⸳ߐࠇ‫߿ࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔ‬㊁⩿╬ߩ↢↥ᕈะ਄ࠍ࿑ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓼਯፉ ߽ ᐔ ࿾ ߇ ᄙ ߊ ‫ޔ‬㧝 ᚭ ᒰ ߚ ࠅ ⠹ ࿾ 㕙 Ⓧ ߪ C ߣ ᄢ ߈ ޿ ‫ޕ‬ㄘ ᬺ ᒻ ᘒ ߣ ߒߡߪ‫߇ࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔ‬ਛᔃߢ‫ޔ࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔ‬⍹Ꮉࠨ࠻ࠗࡕ‫ޔ‬⡺↪‐߅ࠃ߮ᨐ᮸㧔࠲ࡦࠞࡦߣࡑࡦࠧ࡯㧕ߣᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ߽ᐔမ࿾߇ᄙ ߊ ‫ޔ‬㧝 ᚭ ᒰ ߚ ࠅ ⠹ ࿾ 㕙 Ⓧ ߪ C ߣ ᄢ ߈ ޿ ‫ޕ‬ㄘ ᬺ ᒻ ᘒ ߢ ߪ ‫߈ ⧎ޔ‬㧔 ࠠࠢ ‫ ࠦ ࠳ ࡝ ࠰ ޔ ࠬ ࡜ ࠝ ࠫ ࡜ ࠣ ޔ ࡝ ࡙ ޔ‬㧕‫ ࡚ ࠪ ࠗ ࡟ ࡃ ޔ‬㧔 ⋵ ࡉ ࡜ ࡦ ࠼ ߦ ᜰ ቯ124ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ 㧕‫ ޔ‬⍹ Ꮉ ࠨ ࠻ ࠗ ࡕ ‫ ߇ ↥ ↢ ߩ ߎ ߫ ߚ ⪲ ߮ ࠃ ߅ ࡦ ࠥ ࡦ ࠗ ޔ‬ᄙ ޿ ‫ޕ‬ਈ⺰ፉ߽ᐔမ࿾߇ᄙ޿߇‫ޔ‬ፉߩ㕙Ⓧ߇ዊߐ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ㧝ᚭᒰߚࠅ⠹࿾㕙 Ⓧ ߪ C ߣ ਛ ⒟ ᐲ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ㄘ ᬺ ᒻ ᘒ ߢ ߪ ࠨ ࠻ ࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ߇ ਛ ᔃ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉࠨ࠻ࠗࡕ‫ޔࡦࠥࡦࠗޔ‬⡺↪‐‫߈⧎ޔ‬㧔ࠠࠢ‫ࠦ࠳࡝࠰ޔ‬㧕ߥߤᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩㄘᬺߩ዁᧪
ᄶ⟤⟲ፉߩㄘᬺߩ቟ቯߣ⊒ዷߩߚ߼ߦߪ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬ၮᐙ૞‛ߢ޽ࠆࠨ࠻࠙ ࠠ ࡆ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ቟ ቯ ⊛ ߥ ↢ ↥ ૕ ೙ ߩ ᭴ ▽ ߇ ᳞ ߼ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޔ ߪ ߦ ߼ ߚ ߩ ߘޕ‬ᯏ᪾ൻ‫ޔ‬ᜂ޿ᚻ߳ߩㄘ࿾೑↪㓸Ⓧߦࠃࠆⷙᮨ᜛ᄢ‫ޔ↥↢ߥ⊛↹⸘ޔ‬ఝ⦟ຠ⒳ߩ⢒ᚑ࡮᥉෸ߥߤ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊁⩿‫ޔ߈⧎ޔ‬ᨐ᮸╬ߩ࿦⧓૞‛ߢߪ‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦߥ੝ᾲᏪᕈ᳇୥ࠍ↢߆ߒ‫↥↢ޔ‬ᕈߩะ਄ߣ㜞ຠ⾰ൻ߇㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫↥↢ޔߦ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬⠪⚵❱ߩలታ࡮ᒝൻߣ౒ห಴⩄૕೙ߩ⏕┙‫ޔ‬ャㅍࠦࠬ࠻ߩૐᷫ‫࠽࠹ࡦࠦࠩ࡯࡝ࡈޔ‬ャㅍߥߤߦࠃࠆຠ⾰଻ᜬ಴⩄ߥߤ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޔߪߢ↥⇓ޕ‬ૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ㜞ຠ⾰ߥ⡺↪‐↢↥߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫߿ࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔߦࠄߐޕ‬࿦⧓ߣߩⶄว⚻༡‫⼾ޔ‬ንߥ⨲⾗Ḯߩᵴ↪ߣ㘺㙃ᛛⴚߩะ਄‫ޔ‬ૐࠦࠬ࠻↢↥ߥߤߦࠃࠆ⚻༡૕⾰ߩᒝ
ൻߥߤ߽㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ㄘᬺၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߣ༡ㄘᡰេ૕೙ߩల
ታ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ‫⇌ߩ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬࿾ẑṴ‫ޔ‬඙↹ᢛℂߦࠃࠆੇ῎ኂ‫ޔ‬บ㘑ኂ ߥ ߤ ߩ シ ᷫ ‫ޔ‬༡ ㄘ ᖱ ႎ ߿ ༡ ㄘ ᡰ េ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ቟ ቯ ↢ ↥ ߥ ߤ ߽ ᳞ ߼ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ߘߩઁ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺߦ߿ߐߒ޿ㄘᬺߩផㅴ߽⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ஜోߥ࿯૞ࠅߩᎿ
ᄦ߿㓸⪭༡ㄘౣ᭴▽ࠍ࿑ࠅߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬㜞㦂⠪ߣᓟ⛮⠪ߩឭ៤ߦࠃࠆ࿾ၞ
ㄘᬺߩᵴᕈൻ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌⠪ߣㅪ៤ߒߚⅣႺߦ߿ߐߒ޿ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ㄘ᧛૞ࠅߥߤ
߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧢㧚⻢ㄉᧄ⺞ᩏ߅ࠃ߮⾗ᢱ෼㓸ߦߏදജ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ㄘ᡽ㇱᵹㅢ࿦⧓⺖‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᄢፉᡰᐡㄘᨋ⺖‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ᄢፉᡰ႐‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᄢፉㄘᬺᡷ⦟᥉෸࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱㄘᬺᡷ⦟᥉෸࠮ࡦ
࠲࡯‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ᓼਯፉㄘᬺᡷ⦟᥉෸࠮ࡦ࠲࡯߅ࠃ߮  ᄢፉ㇭ౝฦᏒ
↸᧛ߦᔃࠃࠅᗵ⻢ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

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Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Productionin the Ryukyu Islands, JapanHIDAKA Tetsushi
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima Universityධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆᾲᏪ㨯੝ᾲᏪᨐ᮸㘃ߩᩱၭᣣ㜞ືᔒ㣮 ఽፉ ᄢቇᄙ ፉ࿤ ⎇ⓥ࠮ ࡦ࠲ ࡯ⷐᣦ㣮 ఽፉ ⋵ߩᄶ ⟤⻉ ፉ߆ࠄ ᴒ✽ ⋵ߦ⥋ ࠆධ ⷏⻉ፉ ߢߪ ‫ޔߤ ߥࡗ ࠗࡄࡄޔ ࠽࠽ ࡃޔ‬⒳ ‫ ߩޘ‬ᾲᏪ 㨯੝ ᾲᏪ ᨐ᮸㘃 ߇ฎ ߊ߆ࠄ ᩱၭ ߐࠇߡ ޿ߚ ‫ ߩߘޕ‬ᒰᤨ ߪ‫ߤ ࠎߣ ߶ޔ‬߇ ᐸవ ᩱၭߢ ޽ߞ ߚ߇‫╙ ޔ‬ੑ ᰴᄢᚢ ᓟ‫ ޔ‬บḧ߆ ࠄߩ ⒖૑⠪ ߇ࡄ ࠗ࠽࠶ ࡊ࡞ ߢ໡ ᬺᩱ ၭࠍⴕ ߁ࠃ ߁ߦߥ ࠅ ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ㄭ ᐕߪ ‫ޔ‬⒳ ‫ ߩޘ‬ᾲᏪ 㨯੝ ᾲᏪ ᨐ᮸㘃 ߦ߅ ޿ߡ ‫ޔ‬໡ ᬺᩱၭ ߇ⴕ ࠊࠇࠆ ࠃ߁ ߦߥߞ ߡ߈ ߚ‫ߦ ࡞ࡊ࠶ ࠽ࠗ ࡄޕ‬ઍ ⴫ߐࠇ ࠆࠃ ߁ߦ ‫ߪ ߢ߹ࠇ ߎޔ‬㔺 ࿾ߢߩ ໡ᬺ ᩱၭ߽ ᄙ߆ ߞߚ߇ ‫ޔ‬บ 㘑ߩⷅ ᧪߿ ౻ᦼߩ ૐ᷷ ‫ޔ‬㒠 㔎ࠍ ㆱߌࠆ ߚ߼ ‫ޔ‬ㄭ ᐕߪ ࡆ࠾ ࡯࡞ࡂ ࠙ࠬ ߥߤߩ ᣉ⸳ ᩱၭ߽ Ⴧട ߒߟߟ ޽ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ࡄ ࡄࠗ ࡗߢ߽ ‫ࠍ ࠬ࠙ࡂޔ‬೑ ↪ߒ ߚ໡ᬺ ᩱၭ ߇㐿ᆎ ߐࠇ ‫ߩ ઁޔ‬᮸ ⒳ߦ ߅޿ߡ ߽‫ޔ‬⒳ ‫ޕ ࠆ޽ ߟߟࠇ ࠊⴕ ߇ߺ⹜ ߩޘ‬㜞ଔ ᩰ߇ ᦼᓙߢ ߈ࠆ ࡑࡦࠧ ࡯ߥ ߤߢߪ ‫ޔ‬㣮 ఽፉ ⋵ᧄ ࿯‫ޔ‬ች ፒ⋵ ߛߌߢ ߥߊ ‫਻ ߩઁ ߩߘޔ‬Ꮊ޽ ࠆ޿ ߪᧄᎺ ߩ⋵ ߦ߅޿ ߡ߽ ട᷷ ࡂ࠙ ࠬࠍ೑ ↪ߒ ߚᩱၭ ߇ⴕ ࠊࠇࠆ ࠃ߁ ߦߥࠅ ‫ ↥↢ߩ ߘޔ‬㊂߽ ᕆㅦߦ િ߮ ߟߟ ޽ࠆ ‫⁁ߥ ߁ࠃ ߩߘޕ‬ᴫ ߩߥ ߆‫ ᧄޔ‬࿾ၞ ߢߪ‫ ޔ‬บ㘑 ߩⵍኂ ߣ౻ ᦼߩૐ ᷷‫ ޔ‬ᣣᾖ ਇ⿷ ࠍߤߩ ࠃ߁ ߦ⸃᳿ ߔࠆ ߆߇⺖ 㗴ߣ ߥࠈ߁ ‫ޕ‬

Abstract
Various tropical and subtropical fruits are grown in fields or undergreenhouses in the Ryukyu Islands in southern Japan. Pineapple has beencultivated commercially for more than 50 years and almost all fruit has beenprocessed for canning. Because of the severe competition with foreign products inthe last decades, the industry is gradually turning to the fresh fruit market. Mangois grown in greenhouses and the growing area is increasing. Papaya is also grown

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in green houses for the fresh fruit market. Other tropical and subtropical crops
such as banana and passion fruit are produced mainly for local consumption. The
industry is facing major challenges, in particular, typhoons in summer and theshort duration of sunshine in winter, which are characteristic of the area.
Introduction
The
composed

RyukyuIslands

ofprefectures,

two

are

Kagoshima and Okinawa, which
are located between Taiwan andKyushu, one of four main islandsof Japan. They stretch 1000 km
from latitude 24 Ƞ north (Okinawa
Prefecture) to latitude 31 Ƞ north(Kagoshima Prefecture) (Fig. 1).
The area has a subtropical climate
with very warm winters, however,strong typhoons hit the area very
often in summer.
Peoplehave

been

Fig. 1. Map of southern Japan (Ryukyu

growing tropical and subtropical fruits such as banana, papaya, guava andpassionfruit for centuries in the area. Pineapple was introduced 140 years ago.
Settlers from Taiwan started modern commercial cultivation of pineapple afterWorld War II and it became an important industry for the area. Papaya is
traditionally considered as a vegetable in Southeast Asia and immature green
papaya fruit for cooking has been sold in local markets. Some of them are grownin greenhouses for the fresh fruit market. Mango is also grown in greenhouses andis becoming very popular among fruit growers for decades. The main growing areais spreading to southern Kyushu now.
Except for banana and pineapple, tropical and subtropical fruits are notfamiliar for most Japanese consumers. In 2003, 1.9 million tons of fresh fruit were
imported by Japan (2). The crop which was imported the most is banana. In theyear 2003, 987 thousand tons were imported. Imports of various other tropical andsubtropical fruits such as mango and papaya are increasing rapidly.

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Some Fruit Crops Growing Commercially in the Area
Pineapple
Pineapple

iscommercially

grown

in

which

Okinawa

produces 99% of the
total

productionofJapan (3). The mainvariety is of Smooth
Cayenne,N-67-10,which

selected

wasfrom Hawaiian strainsby the experimental
stationof

Okinawa

prefectural
government.

The

Fig. 3.Fig.
Mango
productionin Japan.in
2. Pineapple
productionindustry is declining thesedays because it has focused only on processing (mainly for canning) so far. The
production and growing area reached maxima of over 100 thousand tons in 1969
and 54 hundred hectares in 1967, respectively (Fig. 2) (1). After 1967, because of
severe competition from foreign products, the industry has declined and somecanning factories gave up

business. Although the national and prefectural

governments tried to promote the industry with various methods following theliberalization of import of canned pineapple in 1990, the declining trend is still
continuing. In 2001, the production was 11,200 tons and the growing area was 637
hectares. About half of this is used for canning and half for fresh fruit. The
industry is now moving gradually into the fresh fruit market because Japan imports
more than 100 thousand tons of fresh pineapple fruit annually. Some growers are
growing pineapple in greenhouses to produce early fruit with good quality. The
new cultivars for fresh market, produced by cooperation with national and local
governments, were released in 1997.

128

Mango
Commercial mango cultivation started about 30 years ago in Okinawa andKagoshima. Thereafter, the production and growing area have increased rapidly(Fig. 3) (4). It is grown commercially in some prefectures in Kyushu and Honshu
now (Fig. 4). The main cultivar is Irwin which is popular for Japanese consumers
because of its fine texture of pulp and sweet smell. A strain from Taiwan is widelyused for rootstocks for traditional reasons. They are grown in greenhouses
sometimes with oil heating.

Fig. 4. Main prefectures producing mango inSome growers envelope each2002(quantity).

fruit in a white paper bag toprotect the fruit from pests and diseases. The production averages about 15 - 20
tons per hectares.
In Okinawa, commercial production of mango has been carried out ingreenhouses because the flowering season is in winter with rainfall. Greenhouses
are constructed with plastic film,

usually without heating system. Flowering

occurs from January to mid-March. Growers use flies for pollination because of
low temperatures. Setting of fruit is completed by mid-March and they are
harvested from late June to August. In 1991, the growing area was 120 hectares
and the production was 261 tons. In 2002, the growing area and the production
increased to 204.4 hectares and 1,551 tons, respectively (4). The production offruit per hectares was 4.0 tons in 1991 and 7.6 tons in 2002. Many growers sell
their products directly to consumers including supermarkets or department storesin mainland Japan. On average, growers in the Okinawa area sell their fruits at a
price of 1,500 to 2,000 yen per kg recently (Fig. 5). The problems in the area are
low temperature and rainfall in winter when blooming occurs. Using of oil heating
systemisrecommended formorestableproduction.
Mainland

Kyushurather

cold

is
in

winter comparedwith

Okinawa.

Fig. 5. Receiving volume and wholesale price of mango
fruit at Tokyo Wholesale Market in 2003.

129

Mango is grown mainly in greenhouses to protect them from the cold in winter in
the area. Mango cultivation started in 1986 with 0.5 hectares in Miyazaki. The
growing area was 4.3 hectares and the production was 26.3 tons in 1991. The
growing area and the production were 40.0 hectares and 396.0 tons in 2002
respectively, and they are increasing. Starting time of heating depends on theharvest season. Growers start heating from October to mid-November for
harvesting from June to July. Temperature is gradually raised to 20 to 22 Ƞ C before
budding of flower. After flowering, temperature must be kept at 23 to 26 Ƞ C until
harvesting. Comparing to the Okinawa area, growers of the area can control
flowering season by the time of commencement of heating in winter. That is,
growers of the mainland can ship mango fruit earlier than those on Okinawa (Fig.
5). The price of early fruits is much higher than later ones. Costs of building
greenhouses is lower than in the Okinawa area because the number of typhoons
which hit Kyushu area is less than Okinawa.
The price of mango produced in Japan cannot be compared with those offruit imported from abroad. Fig. 5 shows receiving volume and wholesale price ofmango at Tokyo Wholesale Market in 2003 (5). In 2003, total receiving volume ofdomestic mango fruit was 168.1 t and those of imported fruit was 585.1 t. The first
domestic mango fruit of the year were received from Miyazaki in March and theprice of them was over 6,000 yen per kg,

however, the price declined to less than

3,000 yen per kg after May. The larger the receiving volume became, the lower the
price declined. In May, the first fruit from Okinawa appeared in the market and theprice was more than 4,000 yen per kg. However the price of fruit from Miyazaki
seems to have been unaffected by the arrival of fruit from Okinawa. The price offruit from Okinawa also declined when receiving volume became larger. The
lowest price of fruit from Okinawa was in July (however, it was still more than
three times higher than those of imported fruit), then, the price became higher
because receiving volume became lower. Generally the price of fruits from
Okinawa were lower than those from Miyazaki. According to imported fruits, thelowest receiving volume was in January, 15.5 t, and highest was in May, 92.4 t(data not shown), however, the wholesale prices were around 400 - 700 yen per kg,
not so variable as for domestic fruits.

This might be because Japanese consumers

prefer safer product (low utilization of chemicals) in addition to high quality ofdomestic fruits.

130

Other tropical and subtropical fruits
Other tropical and subtropical fruits such as banana, papaya, guava andpassionfruit are grown in the Ryukyu Islands. Some of their production are
increasing as shown in Fig. 6 (4). Papaya is mainly produced in Okinawa and only
about 10% of total production is in other prefectures, mainly

Kagoshima. The

growing area and production in 1992 were 48 hectares and 542 tons respectively.
The growing area was 37 hectares and production was 424 tons in 2002. The
production per hectares with fruit bearing trees is 15 to 18 tons. Although highquality fruits can be produced in open fields especially for vegetable use, papaya
plants are grown usually in greenhouses or covered with screens to protect themfrom typhoons in summer, especially for the fresh fruit market. In such a system,
papayatrees

are planted atangles because
they grow very
fast and reachthe roof after
two years ofplanting. Thissystem,however,cannotbecontinued

for

more

than

Fig. 6. Production of some tropical fruit crops in Japan.

three or four years
because the trunks cannot support the heavy weight of the top of the trees.
Grafting is carried out to reduce the height of plants as well as to proliferate
female plants. In this system, however, plants reach the roof of greenhouses in two
to three years. The dwarf varieties developped from tissue culture system are being
introduced to avoid the problem now. Passionfruit is mainly grown in Amami
Oshima Island of Kagoshima prefecture and the production is increasing rapidly
because of its high price (1,000 to 2,000 yen per kg, data not shown).
Future of tropical and subtropical industry in Japan
In east Asia, about thirty typhoons appear annually. Several of them hit the

131

Ryukyu Islands severely, where agriculture is one of the main industries. To
protect from typhoons, growers in Ryukyu Islands need stronger greenhouses thanthose in other parts of Japan, even stronger than those of southern Kyushu.
Greenhouses cost $ 45 to $ 200 per square meter to build depending on the
structure in the area. In other parts of Japan, growers need greenhouses andheating systems to protect from winter coldness. These make production costs
higher.
Low temperature and insuficient quantity of light in winter affect thephotosynthesis of plants and cause low production and quality of fruit. Controlling
plant growth by selecting varieties and methods of cultivation must be very
important to avoid such effects, i. e. choosing varieties tolerant of low temperatureand low quantity of solar irradiation, and usining appropriate method of
cultivation to promote plant growth such as using liquid fertilizer should beneeded.
In spite of the low quality of imported fruit because of it premature
harvesting, large amounts of tropical and subtropical fresh fruit are imported into
Japan and the trend is increasing. Since Japanese consumers prefer safer andhigher quality fruit, and have such strong demands for exotic fruit, the requirement
for tropical and subtropical fruit industry will grow further in Japan.
References(1) Agricultural production year book. 2003. Agricultural and Horticultural
Section. Okinawa Prefectural Government.
(2) FAOSTAT. 2003. Food and Agriculture Organization. The United Nations.
(3) Fruit and vegetable production year book. 2003. Agricultural Production
Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
(4) Survey on special fruit crops for 2002. 2004. Fruit and Flower Division,
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
(5) Yearly report of Tokyo Wholesale Market. 2004. Tokyo Wholesale Market.

132[ᚑ ᨐߩ᭎ ⷐ]⃻ ࿷‫ ޔ‬ᚒ߇࿖ ߪ‫⚻ ߛ߹޿ ޔ‬ᷣ ⊛ߥ࿁ ᓳߪ චಽߢ ߪߥ ޿ߣ޿ ߁߽ ߩߩ‫ ߎߎ ޔ‬20
ᐕ ᧪ᾲ Ꮺo੝ᾲ Ꮺᨐ ᮸ߦኻ ߔࠆ 㔛ⷐߪ Ⴧᄢ ߩ৻ㅜ ࠍߚ ߤߞߡ ߅ࠅ ‫ࠇߟ ߦࠇ ߘޔ‬ߡ ᶏᄖ ߆ࠄャ ౉ߐ ࠇࠆߘ ߩ⒳ 㘃෸߮ ㊂ߣ ߽Ⴧട ߒߟ ߟ޽ࠆ ‫ ৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᚒ ߇࿖ ߩධ ⷏⻉ ፉ‫ޔ‬㣮 ఽፉ ⋵ߩᄶ ⟤⻉ ፉ߆ࠄ ᴒ✽ ⋵ߦ߆ ߌߡ ߪ‫ޔ‬ฎ ߊ߆ ࠄࡃ࠽ ࠽‫ࡄ ޔ‬ࡄ ࠗࡗ ‫ߩ ╬ࡃ ࠕࠣޔ‬ᾲᏪ o੝ ᾲᏪ ᨐ᮸ ߇ᩱ ၭߐࠇ ߡ޿ ࠆ߇‫ߤ ࠎߣ ߶ߩࠄ ࠇߘޔ‬ߪ વ⛔ ⊛ߦᐸ వᩱ ၭߢ޽ ߞߚ ‫ ߥ߁ ࠃߩ ߎޕ‬ᾲᏪ o੝ ᾲᏪ ᨐ᮸ߩ 㔛ⷐ ߩჇട ߦኻᔕ ߒߡ ‫ ৻ߊ ߏޔ╬ ࡯ࠧ ࡦࡑޔ‬ㇱߩᨐ ᮸ߢ ߪ໡ᬺ ⊛ߥ ᩱၭ߇ ⴕࠊ ࠇߡ޿ ࠆ߇ ‫ޔ‬ઁ ߩᄙ ߊߩᾲ Ꮺo੝ᾲ Ꮺᨐ ᮸㘃 ߦ߅ߌ ࠆข ࠅ⚵ߺ ߪ߹ ߛචಽ ߢߪ ߥ޿ ‫ޔ ߢߎ ߘޕ‬ᚒ ‫∛ޔ ߪޘ‬ኂ ߽Ყ セ⊛ዋ ߥߊ ⚿ᨐᐕ ᢙ߽ ⍴޿ࡄ ࡄࠗ ࡗߦᵈ ⋡ߒ ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ ⊛ᩱ ၭߩ ߚ߼ ߩ⎇ⓥ ࠍ㐿 ᆎߒߚ ‫ޕ‬2003ᐕߦ ߅ߌ ࠆᚒ߇ ࿖ߩ ࡄࡄࠗ ࡗ↢ 㞲ᨐታ ߩャ ౉
㊂ ߪ 4,000tߢ ‫ ߩ ࠄ ߆ ࡦ ࡇ ࡝ ࠖ ࡈ ߣ ࠞ ࡝ ࡔ ࠕ ࠍ ߤ ࠎ ߣ ߶ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ᨐ ታ ߇ භ ߼ ߡ ޿ࠆ ‫ ޔ ߚ ߹ ޕ‬ห ᐕ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ☨ ࿖ ↥ ᨐ ታ ߩ ᐔ ဋ ෈ ᄁ ଔ ᩰ 㧔 ᧲ ੩ ෈ ᄁ Ꮢ ႐ 㧕 ߪ 655
౞ /kgߢ‫ޔ‬ャ౉ ᨐታ ߣߒߡ ߪ߆ ߥࠅ㜞 ଔߥ ߽ߩߣ ߥߞ ߡ޿ࠆ ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ ‫ޔ‬ห ᐕߩ ᚒ߇ ࿖ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ↢ ↥ ㊂ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ャ ౉ ㊂ ߩ 1/10એ ਅ ߩ 345tߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ‫ ޔ ߒ ߽ ޔ‬㜞 ຠ
⾰ ߩᨐ ታࠍ↢ ↥‫⽼ ޔ‬ᄁߔ ࠆߎ ߣ߇ߢ ߈ࠇ ߫‫ޔ‬ャ ㅍࠦ ࠬ࠻ࠍ ⠨ᘦ ߒߡ߽ ‫ޔ‬ㄘ ኅߩ ⚻༡ ߪචಽ ߦᚑ ࠅ┙ߟ ߣᕁ ࠊࠇࠆ ‫ޕ‬ㅢ Ᏹ‫ ߪࡗ ࠗࡄࡄ ޔ‬⒳ሶߢ ❥ᱺ ߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆ ߚ߼‫ ޔ‬㓶ᩣ ߩ಴⃻ ߿ᨐ ታຠ⾰ ߩ߫ ࠄߟ ߈‫ ޔ‬ຠ⾰ߩ ഠൻ ߥߤ‫ ޔ‬໡ᬺ ᩱၭߦ ߪᄙ ߊߩ໧ 㗴߇ ޽ࠆ‫ ޔ߼ߚ ߩߘ ޕ‬ャ಴ ࠍ⋡ ⊛ߣ ߒߚ໡ ᬺᩱ ၭ߇ⴕ ࠊࠇ ߡ޿ࠆ ࡂࡢ ࠗߢߪ ‫ޔ‬ຠ ⒳૞಴ ߦᒰ ߚߞߡ ߪ߹ ߕ
ຠ ⒳ߩ ࿕ቯ߇ ⴕࠊ ࠇ‫ ⚿ߩ ߘޔ‬ᨐ‫ ߦࠇ ߘ߿ޠࡠ࠰ ޟޔ‬ㅪߥࠆ ఝ⑲ ߥຠ⒳ ߇૞ ಴‫ޔ‬ᩱ ၭߐ ࠇߡ޿ ࠆ‫ ߩࠄࠇ ߘޔ ߒ߆ߒ ޕ‬ຠ⒳ ߪ‫ޔ‬ᐕ 㑆ࠍ ㅢߓߡ 㜞᷷ ෸߮ૐ ᷷ߩ ᦼ㑆 ߇ߥ ޿ࡂࡢ ࠗߦ ㆡᔕߔ ࠆࠃ ߁ߦ⢒ ⒳ߐ ࠇߡ޿ ࠆߚ ߼‫ޔ‬ᄐ ᦼߪ 㜞᷷ߢ ‫ޔ‬౻ ᦼߦ ߪૐ ᷷ߣߥ ࠆࠃ ߁ߥᚒ ߇࿖ ߩධ⷏ ⻉ፉ ߦ߅ߌ ࠆᩱ ၭߦߪ ਇㆡ ᒰߢ‫ޔ ߚ߹ ޔ‬᮸ 㜞 ߽ 㧞 ᐕ ⋡ ߦ ߪ 10mߦ ㆐ ߒ ߡ ߒ ߹ ߁ ߥ ߤ ‫ ޔ‬ධ ⷏ ⻉ ፉ ߢ ೨ ឭ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ࡂ࠙ ࠬᩱ ၭߦ߽ ㆡߐ ߥ޿‫ߩࡗ ࠗࡄ ࡄޔߢ ߎߘ ޕ‬໡ ᬺᩱ ၭߩߚ ߼ߩ ၮ␆⊛ ၮ⋚ ߣߒ ߡ‫ ޔ‬ධ⷏⻉ ፉߦ ㆡߒߚ ⍵ᕈ ຠ⒳ߩ ૞಴ ߣ⚵❱ ၭ㙃 ࠍ೑↪ ߒߚ ⒳⧣Ⴧ ᱺࠪ ࠬ࠹ ࡓߩ 㐿⊒ࠍ ⹜ߺ ߚ‫ޕ‬ຠ ⒳૞ ಴ߦᒰ ߚߞ ߡߪ‫♧ ޔ‬ᐲ ߥߤߩ ຠ⒳ ․ᕈ߇ ఝ⑲ ߢ޽ ࠆߎ ߣߪ߽ ߜࠈ ࠎߢ޽ ࠆ߇ ‫ޔ‬ධ⷏ ⻉ፉ ߦ߅ߌ ࠆᄐ ᦼߩ㜞 ᷷෸ ߮౻ᦼ ߩૐ ᷷ߦ ߽ච ಽߦ⠴ ᕈࠍ ᜬߜ‫ࠬ ࠙ࡂޔ ߚ߹ ޔ‬ᩱ ၭ߇೨ ឭߣ ߥߞߡ ޿ࠆ ߚ߼‫ ޔ‬⍵ᕈ ߢ޽ ࠆߎ ߣ߽᧦ ઙߣ ߒߚ‫ ❱⚵ޔ ߚ߹ ޕ‬ၭ㙃 ߦߟ޿ ߡߪ ‫ޔ‬ㄘኅ ⥄り ߢ߽ⴕ ߃ࠆ ࠃ߁ ‫ ◲ޔ‬ଢൻߣ ࡑ࠾ ࡘࠕ࡞ ൻࠍ ㅴ߼ߚ ‫ޕ‬⃻ ࿷‫ߩ ࠄࠇߎ ޔ‬ᚻ ᴺߪ⍹ ၂ፉ ߩㄘኅ ᩱၭ ߢ⹜ⴕ ߐࠇ ߡ߅ࠅ ‫ޔߚ ߹ޔ‬㐿 ⊒ߐ ࠇߚ ຠ⒳ ߦߟ޿ ߡ߽ ‫ޔ‬ㄭ޿ ዁᧪ ‫⊓ޔ‬㍳ ‫ޔ‬೑ ↪߇ㅴ ߼ࠄ ࠇࠆ⷗ ㄟߺ ߢ޽ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ㄭ ᐕߩ ࿾⃿ ᷷ᥦൻ ߩ⌀ னߪ೎ ߣߒ ߡ‫ߒ ߽ޔ‬᷷ ᥦൻ߇ ㅴ߻ ߣ޿߁ ߎߣ ߢ޽ࠇ ߫‫ ޔ‬บ133㘑 ߣ޿ ߁⥄ὼ ߩ㓚 ኂߪ޽ ࠆ߽ ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ධ⷏ ⻉ፉߪ ‫ޔ‬ᾲ Ꮺo੝ᾲ Ꮺᨐ ᮸ߩᩱ ၭߦ ߣߞ ߡᅢ ㆡߥ᧦ ઙߣ ߥߞߡ ޿ߊ ߣ޿߁ ߎߣ ߦߥࠆ ‫ޕ‬ᾲᏪ o੝ᾲ Ꮺᨐ ᮸ߩᩱ ၭߦ ࠃࠅ ‫ߩ ߘޔ‬࿾ၞ ߩ⚻ ᷣ⊛ၮ ⋚߇ ᒝൻߐ ࠇ‫ ࠅࠃ ߦࠇߘ ޔ‬ፉߩ⥄ ┙ߦ ߽⽸₂ ߢ߈ ࠆߎ ߣ߇ ᦼᓙߐ ࠇࠆ ‫ޔ ߚ߹ޕ‬ᚒ ߇࿖ᶖ ⾌⠪ ߩ‫ޟ‬቟ ో‫ ޠ‬෸߮‫ ޟ‬㜞ຠ ⾰‫ ߁޿ ߣޠ‬㔛ⷐ ߦ߽ ᔕߓࠆ ߎߣ ߇น⢻ ߣߥ ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌ ⠪ߩ ೑⋉ߦ ߽ߟ ߥ߇ࠆ ߽ߩ ߣᕁࠊ ࠇࠆ ‫ޕ‬[᜚ ὐᒻᚑ ߦ㑐 ߔࠆ ౕ૕⊛ ⷗ㅢ ߒ ]ߎ ࠇ߹ ߢ‫ޔ‬਄ ㅀߒ ߚࠃ߁ ߥ⎇ ⓥࠍㅢ ߓߡ ᵴേࠍ ⛮⛯ ߒߡ߈ ߡ޿ ࠆߩߢ ‫ࠆ ޽ޔ‬⒟ ᐲ‫ ޔ‬Ꮢᓎᚲ ߿ㄘ ኅߥߤ ‫ޔ‬᜚ ὐᒻᚑ ߪน ⢻ߣᕁ ࠊࠇ ࠆ‫ޕ‬[⍴ ޿ዷᦸ ]⃻ ࿷߹ ߢߦ‫ߩࠅ ߥ߆ ޔ‬ᚑ ᨐ߇ ᓧࠄࠇ ߡ޿ ࠆ߇‫ ޔ‬Ⴧᱺ ߆ࠄᩱ ၭ߹ ߢߩࠪ ࠬ࠹ ࡓߦ ߟ޿ ߡߪ߹ ߛᡷ ⦟ߩ૛ ࿾߇ ޽ࠆ‫ ߦ․ ޕ‬໡ᬺᩱ ၭߩ ߚ߼ߦ ߪԘ Ⴧ ᱺᣇ ᴺߩ ߐࠄ ߥࠆ◲ ଢൻ ߣല₸ ൻ‫ߩ ࠻ࠬ ࠦߦ․ ޔ‬ૐᷫ ‫ޕ‬ԙ ࡂ ࠙ࠬ ᩱၭ ߩᅢ ㆡൻ‫࠻ ࠶ࡐޔߦ ․ޔ‬ᩱ ၭߦ߅ ߌࠆ ᮸൓⛽ ᜬߩ ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᄐ ᦼ෸߮ ౻ᦼ ߦ߅ߌ ࠆᣉ ⢈㧔ᶧ ⢈㧕 ߩ⥋ㆡ ൻ‫ޕ‬
Ԛ ㊁ ⩿෸ ߮ᨐ ታਔ ↪ຠ⒳ ߩ㐿 ⊒‫ޕ‬ԛ ࡄ ࡄࠗ ࡗᶖ ⾌᜛ ᄢߩߚ ߼ߩ ᶖ⾌⠪ ߳ߩ ໪⫥‫ ޔ‬ትવ ‫ޕ‬ߎ ࠇࠄ ߩ໧㗴 ࠍ⸃ ᳿ߔࠆ ߚ߼ ‫ ੹ޔ‬ᓟߣ ߽⛮ ⛯⊛ߥ ⎇ⓥ ᵴേ߇ ᔅⷐ ߣᕁࠊ ࠇࠆ ‫ޕ‬ߘ ࠇࠄ ߩ⎇ⓥ ߩ⚿ ᨐ‫ ⃻ޔ‬࿷⹜ ⴕߒߡ ޿ࠆ ㄘኅ߇ ᚑഞ ߔࠇ߫ ‫ޔ‬ධ ⷏⻉ፉ ߩઁ ߩፉ ‫ߪ ޿ࠆ޽ ޔޘ‬ㄘ ኅ߳ߩ ᩱၭ ᜛ᄢ߽ ⷗ㄟ ߹ࠇࠆ ‫ޕ‬134ࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆᩱၭߦ߅ߌࠆࡃࡦࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘ߅ࠃ߮
ධ⷏⻉ፉߩᲧセࠕࡉ࠼࡞ ࠞ࡝ࡓ 1, 2㧘ᣣ㜞 ືᔒ 2
1ࡃࡦࠟࡃࡦ࠸ㄘ⑼ᄢቇ(ࡃࡦࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘ)2㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ⷐᣦࡃࡦࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘߢߪࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆߪߘߩ⚻ᷣߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣో૕ߢ⠨߃ࠆߣߘࠇ߶ߤߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔߒ߆ߒޔ‬ධ⷏⻉ፉ࿾ၞߢߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᐙ૞‛ߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߥ૏⟎ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਔ࿖ߣ߽‫߁޿ߣࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔ‬ὐߢߪหߓ૞‛ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᩱၭߩᣇᴺ߿ߘࠇߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ߽ߩߥߤߢ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߥ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬⇣ߥࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩ໧㗴߇⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ਔ࿖ߣ߽ࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆߩ↢↥㊂ߪᷫዋߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ↢↥⠪ߩ㜞㦂ൻ߇ਥⷐߥේ࿃ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠅ‫ࡦࡃޔ‬ࠣ࡜࠺ࠪࡘߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ⓑ߿㊁⩿ߩ㕙Ⓧ߇Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ߘߩේ࿃ߩ৻ߟߣߥߞ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫⥄ޕ‬ὼ⊛᧦ઙߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ໧㗴ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᄐᦼߩบ㘑߿ᐓኂ‫ޔ‬ỗߒ޿㒠㔎‫ߚߖ߿ޔ‬࿯ფߥߤߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔߪߢࡘࠪ࠺࡜ࠣࡦࡃޔ‬ᄐᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ
ᄢ㊂ߩࡕࡦࠬ࡯ࡦߩ㒠㔎‫ޔ‬౻ᦼߩᐓ߫ߟ‫ߚߖ߿ޔ‬࿯ფߥߤ߇໧㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

Similarities and Dissimilarities in Sugarcane Cultivation
between Bangladesh and Japan
Md. Abdul KARIM1, 2 , HIDAKA Tetsushi2
1
2

Bangabandhu Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Kagoshima University Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Japan
Abstract
Sugarcane plays a very important role in the economy of Bangladesh,though a little that of the total economy of Japan. The crop is, however, the mainindustry for the farmers of the Southwestern most islands of Japan. There are somesimilarities but many dissimilarities in sugarcane cultivation practices and the

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associated problems between the two countries. Sugarcane cultivation is declining inboth the countries. The reasons for the decline is, however, different. In Japan, aging
of farmers and shortage of labour force are the main reasons for the decline. Whereas,
expansion of rice and vegetables cultivation, in the sugarcane areas, is in the behindof shrinking of cultivation in Bangladesh. Strong typhoon, drought, torrential rains
and low fertility of the soils are the natural barriers for good harvest of sugarcane inJapan, while the associated problems in Bangladesh are too much monsoon rains
during summer, long drought during winter and low fertility as well.
Introduction
Bangladesh is situated between latitudes 20.34`-26.39` north andlongitudes 88.0`-92.41` east. Sugarcane cultivation is mainly limited to between
23.5`-26.39` latitudes. In Japan, the cultivation is limited to Southwestern islands,
which are located within 24`-31` north latitudes and 123`-131` east longitudes. The
region is considered as the northern most limit for sugarcane growing environment.
The temperatures and precipitation differs greatly among the islands of Japan (Fig. 1
and 2). The climate of each island is unique. The climate of Ishigaki island and its
surrounding is sub-tropical, while that of Tanegashima is temperate. Bangladesh
belongs to subtropical climate and the environment of the whole country is suitable
for successful sugarcane cultivation. However, the economic cultivation is limited toonly upper half of the country as already mentioned. The farmers of the lower halftraditionally prefer to grow other short duration crops. The soils of that part are
relatively acidic, which lower sugarcane production seriously
While sugarcane is the second most important cash crop of the farmers,
after jute, in Bangladesh, it contributes a little to the total economy of Japan. It is,however, the most important agricultural industry in the Southwestern islands ofKagoshima and Okinawa prefectures of the country. The total area of sugarcane isabout 21 thousand hectares (ha) in Japan, while that about 160 thousand ha in
Bangladesh. The trend in sugarcane cultivation in both the countries is declining.
However, the reasons for the lowering of cultivation are different in the twocountries. In Bangladesh, the land for sugarcane cultivation is occupying by rice andvegetables. The farmers prefer to grow those short duration crops, as they can begrown for more than two times in a year and have ready market. Contrary, aging of
farmers and shortage of labours are the main reasons for the decline in Japan.
Moreover, several strong typhoons in each year hit the Southwestern islands in136summer and autumn and cause severe damage to sugarcane. In Bangladesh thesugarcane areas are affected by drought in winter, while flood in many areas during
summer.
Japanese farmers have adopted highly mechanized farming, while
Bangladeshi farmers are maintaining the traditional practices. Yet, there aresimilarities in some of the practices use in sugarcane cultivation between the twocountries. In this report, we tried to point out the similarities and dissimilarities insugarcane cultivation practices and the associated problems between Japan and
Bangladesh. Since the climatic conditions in Japanese Southwestern islands vary
greatly, the practices ofIshigaki and Tanegashima islands were considered torepresent Japanese sugarcane cultivation.
Comparative general cultivation practices
Land preparation for planting
In Bangladesh, high and medium high land are generally used forsugarcane. Now a days, these types of land are increasingly using for the cultivationof vegetables and other short duration crops. Therefore, sugarcane cultivation ispushing to medium to semi-medium high lands. Two varieties, ISD 20 and ISD 34,
developed by Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, are suitable for cultivation in
the medium to low land. In Japan, relatively high arable land is mostly used forsugarcane cultivation.
Ploughing and harrowing are done by tractor in Japan. When the soil is
hard to plough with tractor, excavator or subsoiler are used for deep cultivation.
Trenches for planting are made with either a wheel tractor or hand tractor or power
tiller. Contrary, in Bangladesh, the land preparation is made by ploughing, crossploughing, harrowing and levelling with country plough and ladder. Bullocks or
buffalos are the main source of draft power. Deep planting of sugarcane sets isdesirable, though depth of ploughing is very shallow with country plough. A very
few growers use tractor or power tiller for land preparation. Hand trenching withspade or, in a few cases, tractor trenching is

made for planting sugarcane. In thecase of acidic soils in Japan, the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.0 by using calcium carbonate
or calcium silicate before planting. In Bangladesh, there is a little problem withacidity in the sugarcane growing areas and thus, no chemical treatments arepractised.

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Sugarcane varieties
More than a dozens of sugarcane high yielding varieties are growing in
Bangladesh. These are mainly ISD-2/54, ISD-15, ISD-16, ISD-20, ISD-21, ISD-22,
ISD-24, ISD-26, ISD-28, ISD-29, ISD-30, ISD-31, ISD-32, ISD-33, ISD-34, ISD-35,
ISD-36, L-Java-C and some other local varieties. There is no clear statistics on thearea coverage by each variety. The main breeding focus in Bangladesh is to develop
high yielding and disease resistant variety. In Japan, NiF8 is the main variety andcovers 99% and 98% areas in Ishigaki and Tanegashima, respectively. NiF12 andothers are also growing in a limited scale in Tanegashima. As the temperature in
Tanegashima is rather low for sugarcane, the focus on the development of a variety is
paid on cold tolerance, side by side developing high yielding varieties. Newly
developed variety NiTn 18 is relatively cold tolerant compared to NiF8. The variety
is on the way to its expansion in Tanegashima.
Planting time
Generally planting is done during August to 15 December in Bangladesh.
Early planting is encouraged by the agricultural extension department. The
temperature goes down from December (Fig. 1), and low temperature seriously
affects the germination. In Japan, planting is done two times, during February-Marchand September-October, in Ishigaki, and only one time, February-March, in
Tanegashima.
Since the temperature in Tanegashima is rather low during planting,mulching for 2-3 months is necessary for the protection of sugarcane seeds (sets)
against cold damage. However, the mulches are not necessary for Bangladesh andIshigaki island.

Planting of sugarcane sets
The whole stem of sugarcane is cut into pieces and each piece must haveeyes. In Bangladesh, the stem is cut into pieces (sugarcane set) having single eye(bud), two or sometimes three eye buds. Generally single eye bud is used in ploy bag
as seedcane, and later on the seedling is transplanted into trench. This systemguarantees maintaining of 100 % plant establishment. Cane piece with two or threeeyes are directly planted into trenches. In Japan, each set has two buds. The trench ismade with a tractor and the sets are planted either by hand or with the tractor. Sets

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are treated with chemicals, either fungicides or insecticides, to protect from theattack of insects and diseases. In Ishigaki, the distance maintains between line to lineis 1.2-1.4 m, while that in Tanegashima is 1.0-1.2 m. Distance between plant to plantis about 30 cm in both the places. In Bangladesh, the recommended distance between
line to line is 1.0 m and that for plant to plant is 45 cm. In Japan, the whole cane stalkplanter is getting popularity for its precise planting and labour saving capacity.
Another mechanical method for planting, in Japan, is the use of a harvester, which is
now known as harvester seed planting. However, the method requires relatively more
seed canes than the former one. Contrary, in Bangladesh the cane is planted
absolutely by hand.

Manures and chemical fertilizers
Compost is applying in both Bangladesh and Japan. At harvest Japanese
farmers take only the stalk (stem), leaving the leaves and trashes in the field. That
trashes turn into compost. Contrary, Bangladeshi farmers use the trashes as fuel,leaving a little biomass in the field. Fertilizers are used in 2-3 splits in both thecountries. The amount of compost applies in Japan is about 45 t/ ha during summer
and that about 30 t/ha during spring planting. Farmers in Bangladesh use only about
10 t/ ha compost. In Bangladesh, the compost is made of mainly cowdung, while inJapan that is of both cowdung and plant materials as well. The chemical fertilizer ofJapan is of complex in nature, which contains NPK together. While, in Bangladesh
the NPK are used mostly in the form of urea, triple super phosphate (TSP) andmuriate of potash, respectively.

Intercropping
Since sugarcane is a long duration crop, intercropping can profitably begrown without affecting sugarcane productivity. As the companion crops are grownat the early stage, in the big gap between two lines, they hardly compete with themain crop sugarcane. Crops like mustard, pulses (grain legumes), potatoes, different
vegetables and spices are grown as intercrops in Bangladesh. Those crops grow for
3-4 months and then harvested, leaving sugarcane alone in the field. Contrary, nointercropping is practicing by Japanese farmers, and the reasons behind it is theshortage of labour and difficulty in management with machineries.

139Intercultural operations
Weeds are the problem in sugarcane cultivation in both the countries. They
are very competitive for nutrients with sugarcane plant, especially at the seedlingstage. They must be controlled at least for few months after planting. In Bangladesh,
farmers control weeds manually and no herbicide is used. Contrary, Japanese farmers
use different herbicides for weed control.
Tillage is done at least twice in both Bangladesh and Japan. The first
tillage is done when the stalk length is about 30-40 cm to loosen the soil and also
making the field evenly flat. The second one is done when the stalk is about 60-70
cm to make ridge. In Japan the first and second tillage are made during March-April
and May-June for spring planting and ratoon, respectively, while that are during
October-December and February-April for summer planting, respectively.

Irrigation and drainage
The total annual rainfall in Bangladesh, Tanegashima and Ishigaki areabout 2400 mm, 2300 mm and 2050 mm, respectively (Fig. 2). The rainfall should beenough for growing sugarcane. However, the rainfall is not uniform throughout theyear and rather erratic. Rainfall in Ishigaki island is comparatively uniform thanTanegashima. In Bangladesh there is almost no rain during December and January.
In Japan, the irrigation is applied during the germination and rapid growth
period of sugarcane. The irrigation system is highly mechanized, such as sprinkler
and drip system. These systems evenly supply the water to the field and conserve thewater as well. In Bangladesh, the irrigation is necessary during December throughApril, when the rainfall is minimal or nil. Flood irrigation is applied using deep tube
well, shallow tube well and low lift pump. In Japan, irrigation is also applied in
between a long gap of two rains during summer. While irrigation is not applied at all
during summer in Bangladesh.
Sugarcane is grown mainly on high arable land in Japan, where it is rather
easy to drain out the excess water from rain. Contrary, during rainy season in
Bangladesh, particularly June to September, the rainfall is too high. During that time
most of the cane growing fields remains water saturated. In some areas, the wholesugarcane fields go under water for several days, and in some cases for a month even.
The crop is very strong against flooding, especially when there is current in the water.

140

However, water stagnated condition is harmful for sugarcane production. In summer
it is hard to drain out the water from the field in Bangladesh.

Insects and diseases
Wireworms, white grubs, pink borer, sugarcane shoot borer and oriental
chinch bug are very common insects and create heavy damage of sugarcane in Japan.
While in Bangladesh, borer is identified as the most damaging insect of sugarcane.
Alongside with chemical control, light trap, pheromone dispenser (Japan only),
ploughing out of affected fields, etc. are the common measures taken by the farmers
to control the insects.
In Japan, 2 virus, 4 bacterial, 21 fungal and 3 nematode diseases ofsugarcane are identified. Out of those, smut, rust, leaf scorch, leaf blight, brown spot,
red rot, ring spot and leaf sheath rot are the major diseases. While in Bangladesh, redrot, wilt and leaf blight are the major diseases. Generally, the infected plants are
removed from the field and burned or buried into soil.

RatoonUsually 2-3 ratoons are profitably grown in both Bangladesh and Japan.
For a good ratoon crop, the fertilizers are applied soon after the harvest. Ratooning
management machine is used in Japan for both stubble breaking and fertilization.
Ratooning management controls sprouting. Sprouts that developed from the deeper
soils become bigger canes than that develop from upper zone. In Japan, the soil
becomes compact due to use of machinery or rains. Subsoiler is used in that case toimprove the soils. In Bangladesh soil mulching, with country plough, is done toloosen the soils.

Harvesting and yield
Sugarcane is harvested during December to March in Tanegashima, whilethat during October to January in Ishigaki island. In Bangladesh, the harvesting andmilling continues from October to March. In Japan, sugarcane is harvested bothmechanically and manually. Green-cropped type harvester is used for mechanicalharvesting. In Bangladesh, however, the cane is harvested manually only with sickle.
In Japan, all the harvested canes are transported to sugar mills by truck. The canes

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are used for making raw sugar, brown sugar and refined sugar in the mills. In
Bangladesh, only farmers in the mill zone areas supply the sugarcane to the mills andthe canes are carried by bullock or buffalo run cart. In the non-mill zone areas thefarmers make raw sugar (‘gur’) with their canes using traditional method. There is no
raw sugar or brown sugar making mills in Bangladesh.
The average cane yield is 70 t/ ha in Tanegashima. In Ishigaki that is also
70 t/ ha from spring planting, but about 60 t/ ha from autumn planting. The average
yield is however, about 55 t/ha in Bangladesh. The reasons for low yield is poor
management practices compared to Japan and water stagnation during summer. Thereis also a big yield gap between farmers average field and that obtained from the fieldmanaged by farmers but with the advice of extension officials (demonstration filed).
Therefore, there is a scope to improve yield in Bangladesh by strengthening linkage
between farmers and the agricultural extension personnel.

Problems associated with sugarcane cultivation in Bangladesh and Japa
Sugarcane region of Japan is located to the northernmost limit of sugarcane
growing environment. The environmental conditions of the Southwestern islands arevery harsh. Typhoons, droughts, torrential rains, low temperature during the winter,
frost (Tanegashima only) and low fertility of the soils are the natural problems on
sugarcane cultivation. Another severe problem is the aging of sugarcane farmers andshortage of labours for agricultural job. In Bangladesh, the sugarcane land isincreasingly occupying by rice or vegetables, thus, sugarcane area is declining.
Farmers prefer to grow those crops, because both the crops require less investment
for cultivation compared to sugarcane and are of short duration. Sugarcane occupies
the land for the whole year and farmers have to wait for more than a year for the
return. Moreover, the farmers are poor and are unable, in many cases, to afford forthe high cost incurred for sugarcane cultivation. Water stagnation or flooding during
summer, drought during winter and spring, low fertility of the soils and absence offair price of the canes are the barrier for potential sugarcane production in
Bangladesh.
Conclusion
Sugarcane is the second most important cash crop of the farmers in
Bangladesh, while it has a very little share in the Japanese total economy. However,142

sugarcane is the most important crop of the farmers in the Southwestern islands of
Okinawa and Kagoshima prefectures of the country. The climate of Bangladesh isvery suitable for sugarcane, while the sugarcane regions of Japan is located in thenorthern most limit of sugarcane cultivation environment. Sugarcane is, however, notgrowing commercially in the South and Southestern Bangladesh, mainly for the
farmers tradition to grow other crops including rice and vegetables, and for relatively
acidic nature of soils of those area. The sugarcane cultivation, from planting toharvesting, is highly mechanized in Japan, while remains traditional in Bangladesh.
However, some cultural practices are similar between the two countries, e.g. planting
in trench, fertilizer management, ratoon management, ridge making, loosening thesoils, manual harvesting, etc. However, there are many dissimilarity in sugarcane
cultivation practices between Japan and Bangladesh, e.g. time of planting, mulching(Tanegashima), types of fertilizers apply, using of trash, weed control, etc. In
Bangladesh, intercropping of different short duration crops with sugarcane is
profitably practiced, while that is not existing in Japan. Some insects and diseases arecommon, while many are different. Very strong typhoon, drought in between two
rains at any season and low temperatures are the problems for obtaining good yield inJapan. Contrary, in Bangladesh, too much monsoon rains in summer and drought
during winter are the main environmental problem for sugarcane cultivation.
Sugarcane cultivation is declining in both the countries. In Japan, the decline isrelated to aging of farmers and shortage of labour force, while in Bangladesh, that isdue to the expansion of rice and vegetable cultivation in the sugarcane areas. All thecanes in Japan are sent to the factories for making either raw sugar, brown sugar or
refined sugar. In Bangladesh, the canes are sent to factory for making only refinedsugar, and there is no factory for raw and brown sugar. Raw sugar is produced by thefarmers using their traditional method.

143ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦ߅ߌࠆ࿷᧪㘩↪⾗Ḯᬀ‛ߩ⃻⁁㆙ၔ㆏㓶㧝࡮᧻੗ᱜ⟵㧞
1 㣮ఽፉᄢቇㄘቇㇱ࡮ 㧞ᄶ⟤ࠁ޿ߩㇹⷐᣦㄭᐕ㧘឵㊄૞‛ߩᄢⷙᮨዉ౉߿㘩↢ᵴߩᄌൻߥߤߦࠃࠅ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢᩱၭߐࠇߡ߈
ߚ࿷᧪ߩ㘩↪ᬀ‛ߪ㧘ᕆㅦߦᶖṌߒߟߟ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢᩱၭ
ߐࠇࠆ࿷᧪㘩↪ᬀ‛ߩ⃻⁁ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ㧘⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᩱၭߐࠇࠆᬀ‛ߪᄙ߆ߞߚ߇㧘࿕᦭ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆᬀ‛ߪ⏕⹺ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘หፉߢᩱၭߐࠇࠆᬀ‛ߩ߶߁߇㧘Ꮢ⽼ߩ߽ߩࠃࠅ㧘㚅ࠅ߇ᒝ޿㧘๧߇⦟޿ߥߤߩᗵ
ᗐ߇ᄙߊ޽ߞߚ‫ࠄ߆ߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬㧘ᄶ⟤ߩⅣႺߦㆡߒߚຠ⒳߽ߒߊߪ♽⛔߇ㆬᛮߐࠇߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ㧘ㆮવ⾗Ḯ㧘㘩↪ᬀ‛㧘࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ

Present state of the native food resources plants
in the Amami-OhshimaMichio ONJO , Seigi MATSUI2
1

1

Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 2Amami-Yui no Sato
Abstract

Recently, the native edible plants cultivated until now seems to be rapidly disappearing
because of the large-scale introduction of cash crops and the change of the diet.

Then, thehearing investigation was carried out for the purpose of clarifying present state of native
edible plants cultivated in the Amami-Ohshima.

Though native plants were abounding,the plants which seemed to be endemic species was not confirmed. However, in theinterview, there was mainly the impression that the plants cultivated in the
Amami-Ohshima had better perfume and taste than the commercial plants. From theseresults, the possibility of selecting variety or strain suitable for the environment of theAmami was indicated.

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Key word: Amami-Ohshima, genetic resources, global warming, food plantsߪߓ߼ߦ ޽ࠆ․ቯߩ࿾ၞߢᩱၭߐࠇࠆ૞‛ߩᄙߊߪ㧘ߘߩ࿾ၞߩ᳇୥㧘࿯ფߥߤߦㆡߒߚ
߽ߩ߇㧘㐳޿ᐕ᦬ߩਛߢ㧘ᩱၭ⠪߇ᗧ⼂ߔࠆ㧘ᗧ⼂ߒߥ޿ߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ㆬᛮߐࠇ㧘↢ሽߒߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄࠇߘޕ‬૞‛ߪ㧘ߘߩ࿾ၞࠍේ↥ߣߔࠆ႐วߣ㧘ઁ߆ࠄᜬߜㄟ߹ࠇߚ႐ว߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘ߤߜࠄߩ႐วߢ޽ߞߡ߽㧘࿾ၞߩⅣႺ᧦ઙߦㆡᔕ
ߒ㧘࿕᦭ߩຠ⒳߿♽⛔ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ㆮવ⾗Ḯߣߒߡ߽㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㗴ฬߦ‫⾗ޟ‬Ḯ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬න⺆ࠍ౉ࠇߚℂ↱ߪߎߎߦ޽ࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ߚ㧘৻⥸⊛ߦ‫ޟ‬૞‛‫ߪߣޠ‬㧘ੱ㑆߇ᗧ⼂⊛ߦ▤ℂߒᩱၭߔࠆᬀ‛ߩߎߣࠍ⴫ߔ߇㧘ࡗࡑࡁࠗࡕ⑼ߩࠫࡀࡦ࡚ࠫߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ጊਛ߆ࠄណ㓸ߐࠇࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘ᧄ⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘ᐢߊ㘩↪ߦ೑↪ߐࠇࠆᬀ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߔࠆߎߣࠍᔨ㗡ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘㨬૞‛㨭ߣߪߖߕߦ‫ޟ‬ᬀ‛‫ޕߚߒߣޠ‬ ධ⷏⻉ፉߢߪ㧘ࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆߥߤߩ឵㊄૞‛ߩዉ౉߿ߎࠇߦࠃࠆ࿛႐ߩᢛ஻㧘᜛ᄢൻ߇ㅴߺ㧘޿߹߹ߢ⥄⛎↪ߣߒߡ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ࿛႐ߥߤ߽឵㊄૞‛ߦභ᦭ߐࠇࠆ
ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫⪺ޕ‬⠪ࠄ㧔㆙ၔࠄ 㧧৻⼱ࠄ 㧕ߩߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄㄘᬺ᭴ㅧߩᄌൻߣߣ߽ߦㄘᬺᓥ੐⠪ߩ㜞㦂ൻ߿㘩↢ᵴߩᄌൻߥߤ㧘᭽‫ޘ‬ߥⷐ࿃߇ടࠊߞߡ㧘࿷᧪ߩ㘩↪ߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚᬀ‛㘃ߪᕆㅦߦᶖṌߒߟߟ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊ
ࠇࠆ‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄᬀ‛㘃ߩ෼㓸㧘଻ሽߥߤߪᕆോߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦߊߣޕ‬㧘࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻߦ઻ߞߡ㧘ධ⷏⻉ፉߣ޿߁᷷ᥦߥ࿾ၞߦㆡߒߚ㘩↪ᬀ‛ߪ㧘੹ᓟ㧘ᩱၭ࿾߇᜛ᄢ
ߔࠆน⢻ᕈࠍᜬߟߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᣂߒ޿ᥦ࿾ㆡᔕဳຠ⒳ߩ⢒⒳Უ᧚ߣߒߡ߽น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄ⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘߹ߕᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢߩ⃻⁁ࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ㧘㘩↪
ߥߤߦ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿷᧪ᬀ‛ߩ⒳㘃ߣ․ᓽߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬⺞ᩏᣇᴺ⃻࿾ߢߩ⺞ᩏߪ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌᐢ޿▸࿐߆ࠄߩᖱႎࠍ෼㓸ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒ޿ߚ߼㧘ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢᵴേߒߡ޿ࠆ 021 ࿅૕‫ޟ‬ᄶ⟤ࠁ޿ߩㇹ‫ߩޠ‬ળຬߦଐ㗬ߒߡታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣇᴺߪ㧘ળຬߩ࿷૑࿾ၞ߹ߚߪߘߩ๟ㄝߢ㧘‫ߩޠߦ߼ߓߪޟ‬㗄ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߥ㧘࿷᧪ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆᬀ‛ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓߦ⡞߈ขࠅࠍⴕ޿㧘ᬀ‛ߩ๭߮ฬ㧘․ᓽߥߤࠍ
⸥㍳ߒߚ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘ᨐ᮸㘃ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣣ㜞㧔㧕㧘ጊᧄ࡮౷᳗㧔㧕౷᳗ࠄ㧔㧕߇⹦⚦ߦ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㧘ේೣߣߒߡᧄ⺞ᩏ߆ࠄߪ㒰޿ߚ‫ޕ‬⚿ᨐ߅ࠃ߮⠨ኤ ╙  ⴫ߦ੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚᬀ‛ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬

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╙䋱⴫䇭ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ䈪⏕⹺䈘䉏䈢࿷᧪㘩↪ᬀ‛䋨㪉㪇㪇㪌ᐕ䋩
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⡞䈐ข䉍࿾
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ฎੳደ䉻䉟䉮䊮䉲䊙䊐䉻䊮䉸䉡
═೑ᰳ⇟䊅䉦䉮䉲䉨䊐䉻䊮䉸䉡 ฬἑ䉲䊝䉮䉲䉨䊐䉻䊮䉸䉡 ฬἑ䉮䉲䉻䉟䉮䊮
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䉲䊙䊐䊦ฬἑ䊆䊮䊆䉪䉡䉮䊮䋨㊁↢䋩ฬἑ
ᩱၭ⒳䈏㊁↢ൻ䈚䈢น⢻ᕈ
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㦖ㇹ䉝䉱䊚ዻᬀ‛䉿䊋䉲䊞㦖ㇹ䉿䊪䊑䉨䉲䊙䉸䊤䊙䊜㦖ㇹ䊙䊜⑼೨࿁ߩਈ⺰ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ㧔৻⼱ࠄ 㧕ߣห᭽ߦ㧘ᩱၭߐࠇࠆᬀ‛ߩ⒳㘃ߪᄙ޿߇㧘ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ࿕᦭ߩ⒳ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩߪ⷗ߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ
߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᖱႎߣߒߡ෼㓸ߢ߈ߚ  ઙߩ߁ߜ㧘࠳ࠗࠦࡦ߇㧠ઙ㧘ࡑࡔ⑼ᬀ‛߇ ઙ޽ߞߚ‫ߪࡦࠦࠗ࠳ޕ‬㧘৻⼱ࠄ㧔㧕ߩႎ๔ߦ߽޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘࿷᧪ຠ⒳߇ᱷߞ
ߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘⥄ኅਇ๺วᚑߩߚ߼㧘ઁ߆ࠄ⧎☳߇౉ࠆߣ㧘੤㈩߇
߅ߎࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ㧘㓒㔌ᩱၭߥߤߩᔅⷐᕈ߽⠨ᘦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁‫⑼ࡔࡑޕ‬ᬀ‛ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘૞‛ቇ਄ߩࠕ࠭ࠠ߿࠰࡜ࡑࡔߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪ㧘੹ᓟ㧘ᬀ‛૕ࠍ෼㓸ߒ㧘⹜㛎ᩱၭߥߤࠍⴕߞߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘 ࠪࡑ࡚ࠪ࠙ࠟ㧘 ࠪࡑࡈ࡞㧘 ࠙ࠦࡦ㧔㊁↢㧕㧘 ࠪࡑࡃࡦࡠ࠙㧘 ࠪࡑࠕࠩࡦߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ㄘቇㇱ㒝ዻㄘ႐ᜰኋᬀ‛⹜㛎႐ߢ଻ሽᩱၭࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⇟ภ㧝ߩࠞࠤࡠࡑ࠳ࠗࠦࡦ߿㧠㧘㧡ߩ࠽ࠞࠦࠪࠠࡈ࠳ࡦ࠰࠙㧘ࠪࡕࠦࠪࠠࡈ࠳ࡦ
࠰࠙ߩࠃ߁ߦ࿾ฬࠍᬀ‛ฬߦઃਈߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߪ㧘߽ߣ߽ߣߘߩ࿾ฬߩ႐ᚲߢᩱၭ
ߐࠇߡ޿ߚᬀ‛ࠍ⒳ሶ߽ߒߊߪ㧘ᬀ‛૕ߩᒻߢፉౝߦዉ౉ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣផቯߐ

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ࠇࠆ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㧘ፉᄖ߆ࠄᜬߜㄟࠎߛ႐ว㧘రߩ࿾ฬࠍߟߌߡ๭߱ߎߣߪ㧘ᣣᧄߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᄥᐔᵗߩፉᎩߢ߽⦟ߊ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⪺⠪ߩ৻ੱߪ⚻㛎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡈ࠳ࡦ࠰࠙ߪࠕࠞࠩ⑼ߦዻߔࠆᬀ‛ߢ㧘ᄐቄߦ㜞᷷ߢࡎ࠙࡟ࡦ࠰࠙ߩᩱၭ߇࿎㔍ߥߣ߈㧘ߘߩઍ↪㊁⩿ߣଔ୯߇㜞޿ߣߐࠇ㧔ጤ૒ 㧕㧘ᥦ࿾ߦㆡߒߚ⪲⩿㘃ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬߽߁߭ߣߟߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ㧘ᬀ‛ฬߦ‫ࠍޠࡑࠪޟ‬౰ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬ℂ↱
ߪ᣿⏕ߢߪߥ޿‫ߊࠄߘ߅ޕ‬㧘ፉᄖߩ߽ߩߣ᣿⏕ߦ඙೎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘‫ࡑࠪޟ‬㧩ፉ‫ߣޠ‬޿߁⸒⪲ࠍ޽߃ߡઃߌߚߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇㧘ᗐ௝ߩၞࠍ಴ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬଀߃߫㧘 ࠪࡑ࡚ࠦࠪ࠙߿  ࠪࡑ࡚ࠪ࠙ࠟߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ፉᄖ↥ߣᲧߴߡ㚅ࠅ߿๧߇⦟޿ߣ޿ߞߚߎߣ߇㧘ᧄ⺞ᩏᤨߦ߽ࠃߊ⡞߆ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㣮ఽፉᏒߢᄶ⟤ߩㇹ࿯ᢱℂᐫࠍ⚻༡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਭ⇐߭ࠈߺߐࠎ߽‫ޟ‬ፉߩ㊁⩿ߢߥ޿ߣ૞ࠇߥ޿ࡔ࠾ࡘ࡯߇ᄙ޿‫ߣޕ‬ߊߦ㚅ࠅߩ޽ࠆ㊁⩿߇ᄙߊ㧘ፉᢱℂߪፉ㊁⩿ߢߥ޿ߣ૞ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޠ‬㧔ᦺᣣᣂ⡞㧘 ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣᦺೀ╙  㣮ఽፉ㕙‫߹ߒߏ߆ޟ‬ᓀᤨ⸥Ԛ‫ࠅࠃޠ‬ᛮ☴㧕ߣㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߆ࠄ߽㧘ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢᩱၭߐࠇࠆᬀ‛㘃ߪ㧘ߘߩ࿾ၞߩⅣႺߦㆡᔕߒ㧘ੱ‫༵ߩޘ‬ᅢߦㆡߒߚ߽ߩ߇㧘ㆬᛮߐࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈߪචಽߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ઁᣇ㧘૞‛ߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘଀߃߫㧘ࠗࡀߥߤߢߪ㧘หຠ⒳ߢ޽ߞߡ߽ᩱၭ࿾㧘ᩱၭᣇᴺߥߤߦࠃࠅ㧘㘩๧߇㆑߁ߎߣߪᐢߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หፉߢᩱၭߐࠇࠆᬀ‛㘃ߢ߽㧘ຠ⒳߿♽⛔࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢߪㆬᛮߐࠇߡ޿ߥߊߣ߽㧘࿯ფ㧘ⅣႺ߅ࠃ߮ᩱၭᣇᴺߥߤ߇㧘ߘߩ㘩๧߿㘑๧ߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽ᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊ
ࠇࠆ‫⺞ᧄޕ‬ᩏߢߪ㧘࿷᧪ߣ޿߁ὐ㧔޽߹ࠅᐢߊᩱၭߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧘⃟ߒ޿㘩↪ᬀ‛㧕ߦ⊛ࠍ⛉ߞߚߚ߼߆㧘࠾ࠟ࠙࡝㧘ࡋ࠴ࡑ㧘࠻࠙ࠟࡦߥߤߪ㧘౉ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄ߽ᄶ⟤ߢߪᢱℂߦᰳ߆ߖߥ޿㘩᧚ߣߒߡᐢߊᩱၭ㧘೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽
ࠆ㧔⮮੗ 㧕‫ޕ‬੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ㧘ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇᷷ߩᄌൻࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ‫ޕ‬᳇⽎ᐡߩ᳇⽎⛔⸘ᖱႎ㧔JVVRYYYFCVCMKUJQWIQLRGVTPKPFGZJVON㧕ߦࠃࠅ૞ᚑߒߚ  ᐕ߆ࠄ  ᐕ߹ߢߩฬἑᏒ㧔ർ✲  ᐲ  ಽ㧘᧲⚻  ᐲ  ಽ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳇᷷ߩᄌൻࠍ╙  ࿑ߦ␜ߒߚ‫߅ߥޕ‬㧘 ᐕߪᰳ⪭ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬㜞ᦨૐ᳇᷷ߪ㧘 ᐕએ㒠ߦ⸥㍳ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩᐕߩᭂ୯ࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ  ᐕ㑆ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘᳇⽎࠺࡯࠲ߩᐔᐕ୯ࠍ▚಴ߔࠆߣ߈ߦᲧセ⊛ࠃߊ೑↪ߐࠇࠆ㧘 ᐕߏߣߦ඙ಾߞߡߩᐔဋ୯ߩ▚಴ࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ㧘 ᐕ㨪 ᐕߪ ͠㧘 ᐕ㨪 ᐕߪ ͠㧘 ᐕ㨪 ᐕߪ ͠㧘ߘߒߡ㧘ᦨᓟߩ  ᐕ㨪 ᐕߩ  ᐕ㑆ߢߪ ͠ߣߥࠅ㧘᳇᷷߇਄᣹௑ะߦ޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜
ߐࠇߚ㧔╙  ࿑ᐔဋ᳇᷷ߩ⋥✢ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣ㧕‫ߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢ߽ㆊ෰⚂ 147ᐕ㑆ߢ㧘͠߶ߤ᳇᷷߇਄᣹ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ᷷ᥦൻߩਛߢ㧘ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߢᩱၭߐࠇࠆ࿷᧪㘩↪ᬀ‛ߩ⹏ଔߪᄢᄌ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߪ㧘⡞߈ขࠅߩߺߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘੹ᓟߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄᬀ‛ࠍ෼㓸ߒ㧘଻ሽࠍߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᒻᘒ߅ࠃ߮↢ℂ↢ᘒ⊛․ᓽ߿․ᕈߥߤߩ⺞ᩏࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ
߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߪߦ߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘࿾ၞߣߩㅪ៤߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ㧘੹࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦᄙᄢߥߏዧജ㧘ߏදജ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ 021 ࿅૕‫ޟ‬ᄶ⟤ࠁ޿ߩㇹ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩޠ‬᳃㑆⃻࿾ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߅ࠃ߮࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߥߤߣߩදജ૕೙᭴▽߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
 







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╙䋱࿑䇭ᄶ⟤ᄢፉ䈮䈍䈔䉎᳇᷷䈱ᄌൻ䋨㪈㪏㪐㪎㪄㪉㪇㪇㪌ᐕ䋩ᐕ᳇⽎ᐡ᳇⽎⛔⸘ᖱႎ䉋䉍૞ᚑ⻢ㄉᧄ⺞ᩏߦߏදജ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㧘ᄶ⟤ࠁ޿ߩㇹߩળຬߩ⊝᭽㧘㐳 ᔘት᳁㧘ᷰ ㊀ᒾ᳁ߏᄦᆄ㧘⑔ፉ ാ᳁㧘ၔፒ ೑ኡ᳁ߪߓ߼㧘ᄙߊߩᣇ‫ߦޘ‬ᷓߊᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߒ߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬

ᒁ↪ᢥ₂
⮮੗ߟࠁ㧔㧕ᣂࠪࡑ࠿ࠫࡘ࠙࡝㧘ධᣇᣂ␠㧚㣮ఽፉ㧚ᣣ㜞ືผ㧔㧕ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆᾲᏪᨐ᮸ᩱၭߩ⃻⁁ߣ໧㗴ὐ㧚ධᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦
৻⼱ൎਯ࡮㆙ၔ㆏㓶࡮᧻੗㓉㧔㧕ਈ⺰ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ࿷᧪૞‛ߩㆮવᄌ⇣㧚ධᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦
ጤ૒ବศ  ᾲᏪߩ㊁⩿㧘㙃⾫ၴ㧚᧲੩㧚㆙ၔ㆏㓶࡮৻⼱ൎਯ࡮౷᳗⨃ੱ࡮ᣣ㜞ືผ㧔㧕ፉᎩၞߦ߅ߌࠆࡗࡓࠗࡕᩱၭ

148

ߣߘߩຠ⒳଻ሽ㧚ධᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦
౷᳗⨃ੱ࡮ᣣ㜞ືผ࡮㆙ၔ㆏㓶࡮ጊᧄ㓷ผ࡮৻⼱ൎਯ㧔㧕ධ⷏⻉ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ
ㄘᬺߩ⃻⁁ߣዷ㐿㧚ධᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦
ጊᧄ㓷ผ࡮౷᳗⨃ੱ㧔㧕ਈ⺰ፉߦ߅ߌࠆࠞࡦࠠ࠷㘃ㆮવ⾗ḮߩಽᏓ⺞ᩏ߅ࠃ߮ಽ㘃㧚ධᄥᐔᵗᶏၞ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ 㧦




149

㣮ఽፉ⋵ߦ߅ߌࠆࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ࡝࡟㧙಴⩄ߦߟ޿ߡ              ↰ፉᐽᒄ             㣮ఽፉᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱ               ⷐ ᣦ ධർ ࡮ߦᐢ߇ࠆ㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ࡝࡟㧙಴⩄ߩ⃻⁁߿໧㗴ὐ߅ࠃ᷷߮ᥦൻߩᓇ㗀╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬಴᳓㇭㐳ፉ↸ߣᄢፉ㇭⍮ฬ↸ࠍㆬᛯߒ⡬߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫↥ޔ‬࿾㑆┹੎߇ỗൻߔࠆਛߢ‫࡟࡝ޔ‬㧙಴⩄ߩ੤ઍᦼ߇㊀ߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻߩᓇ㗀ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ᭽‫߇⽎⃻ߥޘ‬಴⃻ߒ‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߥߤ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ࠠ㧙ࡢ㧙࠼ ࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪ‫࡟࡝ޔ‬㧙಴⩄‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻ‫ޔ‬㐳ፉ↸‫ޔ‬⍮ฬ↸

A seasonal sift of potato production areain Kagoshima Prefecture          TAJIMA Yasuhiro     Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University               Abstract
This study aims to make clear the reality and the points at issue of potato relay
shipment and the influence of a rise in temperature of the earth in potato growing. As
the result, it become clear that the competition among potato production area grow more
intense and there appear the several phenomena which seemed to be the influence of arise in temperature of the earth.
Keywords: potato, relay shipment, rise in temperature, Nagashima town, China town╙㧝┨⎇ⓥ⋡⊛ ੹࿁ߩᄙፉ⎇࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ౒ㅢ࠹࡯ࡑ‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ࡦ࡯࠱࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ޠޘ‬᜚ὐᒻᚑ‫ޔ‬ࠍฃߌߡ‫╩ޔ‬⠪ߪ਄⸥ߩ࠹࡯ࡑࠍ⸳ቯߒߚ‫࡯࡟࡝ޕ‬಴⩄ߣߪ⋵ౝߦ߅ߌࠆධർߩ
᷷ᐲᏅࠍ೑↪ߒߚ↢↥ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ධ߆ࠄർ߳ߩㅪ⛯ߒߚ಴⩄ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫ߣࠆ޽ߢࡑ࡯࠹޿ߒࠊߐ߽߰ᦨߦࡦ࡯࠱࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ޠޘ‬⠨߃ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㣮ఽፉ⋵ߪධർ ࡮ߦࠊߚࠅ৻ቯߩੱญߩᐢ߇ࠅࠍᜬߟᣣᧄߢ߽⁛․ߥ⋵ߢ޽ࠅ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ߪߎ߁ߒߚ․⦡ࠍ⹺⼂ߒ‫ޔ‬ᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰὼ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ߎ߁ߒߚ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߩ᭴ᗐߪ޿ߟ㗃ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊ߩਅߦ಴ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩ߆‫߹ޕ‬ߚ‫࡯࡟࡝ޔ‬಴⩄ߩ⃻⁁߿ᛴ߃ࠆ໧㗴߿⺖㗴ߪ૗ߢ޽ࠆߩ߆╬ߦߟ޿ߡᛠីߔࠆߎ
ߣ߇ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߩ㧝ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ઁᣇ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷࿾⃿ߩ᷷ᥦൻ߇࿖㓙⊛ߦ໧㗴ߦߐࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ኻᔕ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻߩታᖱߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߥ⚦⹦ޔ‬ᛠី߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߪᔅߕߒ
߽⸒޿߇ߚ޿‫ߩ⋵ᧄޕ‬ධർߩፉ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޘ‬᷷ᥦൻߩታᘒ߿‫↢ߩޘੱޔ‬ᵴߦኻߔࠆ
ߘߩᓇ㗀ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߩ߆‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ὐߦ߽ᵈ⋡ߒߡߘߩ⃻⁁ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ߽ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ߽߁㧝ߟߩ⋡⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

150

 ߐࠄߦᧄ⎇ⓥߪ࿾ℂቇ࡮ੱᢥ࿾ℂቇ߆ࠄߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ㧝ߟߩ․⦡
ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬໧㗴ߩㅊⓥࠍ࠹࡯ࡑࠍㅊ߁ߎߣߩߺߦ㒢ቯߖߕ‫ࡑ࡯࠹ޔ‬ߩㅊⓥࠍਛᔃߣߒߟߟ߽‫ߦࠇߎޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ࿾ၞ⊛⻉᧦ઙߦ߽ᐢߊ⋡ࠍะߌߡ✚ว⊛ߦᛠីߔࠆᆫ൓ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬࿾ၞ⊛ⷞὐ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿾⹹⊛ߥ
ᣇᴺߩ㊀ⷞߣ⸒޿឵߃ߡ߽⦟޿ߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ߢਥߣߒߡ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⡞߈ขࠅࠍⴕߞߚઁ‫ߩ࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔ‬૞ઃߌߩᆎ߹ߞߚ  ᦬ߦ‫ᦨ⋵ޔ‬ർ┵ߩ㐳ፉ↸‫ᦨ⋵ߪߦ᦬ ޔ‬ධ┵ߩᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉߩ⍮ฬ↸ߩ㧞ࠞᚲߢߘࠇߙࠇ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬એਅߪ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐߩႎ๔ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬╙㧞┨࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߣࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩㆬᛯ㧝 ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ ↥࿾ߩታᘒߦ౉ࠆ೨ߦ‫࡯࡟࡝ޔ‬಴⩄ߩ᭴ᗐߦߟ޿ߡ⸅ࠇߡ߅߈ߚ޿‫࡯࡟࡝ޕ‬಴⩄ߣ޿߁᭴ᗐߪ  ᐕ㗃‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ߩ࿦⧓ㇱ㐳ߢ޽ߞߚ⍹↰ᩕ৻᳁߇‫ޟ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵ߩ┙࿾᧦ઙߣ㊁⩿↢↥ߩᣇะߦߟ޿ߡ૕♽ൻߔࠆᔅⷐࠍᗵߓߡ޿ߚ‫ޠ‬ਛߢ⠨߃಴ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᳁ߪ㣮ఽፉ⋵ࠍ㧢࿾඙ߦಽߌߚᓟ‫ޟޔ‬಴᳓߆ࠄਈ
⺰߹ߢ̌ධർ ࡮̍޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬㔵ፉጊ㣽߆ࠄਈ⺰߹ߢߦ̌ᐕᐔဋ᳇᷷㧣͠ߩᏅ̍߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᐢ߇ࠅߪో࿖৻ߛ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬࿾ၞߢㆡᦼߦ㊁⩿ࠍᩱၭߒߘߩ಴⩄ࠍ࡝࡟࡯ߢ⚿ߴ߫‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬㊁⩿ࠍ㐳ᦼ߆ߟ⸘↹⊛ߦ಴⩄ߢ߈ࠆ‫ᧄޔ߫ࠇߔ߁ߎޕ‬⋵⁛․ߩ᦭೑ᕈ߇↢ࠇࠆ‫ߣޠ‬⠨߃ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߛߚޕ‬ᒰᤨ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚኻ⽎૞‛ߪ‫ޕߚߞ޽ߢߤߥޠࡦࡠࡔޔࡦࠥࡦࠗޔࡔࡑ࡜࠰ޔ࠙࠼ࡦࠛޔࡖ࠴ࡏࠞޟ‬ ߒ߆ߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬᭴ᗐ߇ᐢ߹ߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ⹜㛎႐㐳߇  ᐕߦ⋵⼏ળߢ⺑᣿ߒߚߎߣ߇ᄾᯏߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠇߎޔ‬એᓟߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫̌ޔ‬ධർ ࡮̍
ߩ⴫⃻ߪ㊁⩿એᄖߢ߽૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߣߎࠈߢ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫࡯࡟࡝ޔ‬಴⩄ߩਥߥ૞‛ߪ‫ࡔࡑ࡜࠰ޔࡕࠗ࠻ࠨޔ࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔ‬ߥߤߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߪࡔࡑ࡜࠰ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ߢߪ૞ߞߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ో⋵ޔ‬૕ߩ૞ઃ㕙Ⓧ߽ JCߣ৻⇟ዊߐ޿‫ߪࡕࠗ࠻ࠨޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢ㓈ඨፉߩઁᄶ⟤ߢ߽૞ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ർ⮋ߢߪዋߥߊ‫ޔ‬૞ઃ㕙Ⓧ߽ JC ߣᦨᄢߢߪߥ޿‫ߦࠄࠇߎޕ‬Ყߴߡࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߪධߩ
ᄢፉ߆ࠄർߩ಴᳓߹ߢᐢߊ૞ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬JC ߣ૞ઃ㕙Ⓧ߽߈ࠊ߼ߡᄢ߈޿‫ߎߘޕ‬ߢ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߢߪ‫࡯࡟࡝ޔ‬಴⩄ߩኻ⽎૞‛ࠍో⋵⊛ߥᐢ߇ࠅࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬૞ઃ㕙Ⓧ߿಴
⩄㊂߽ᄙ޿ࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߦ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧞 ࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪ ߎߎߢ‫⋵ޔ‬ౝߦ߅ߌࠆࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ㊁⩿ో૕ߩਛߢߩ࿾૏ࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬૞ઃ㕙Ⓧߪ JC ߢ ‫ޔ‬㊄㗵ߢߪ  ం  ਁ౞ߢ ߣ޿ߕࠇ߽㚂૏ࠍභ߼ߡ޿
ߡ‫↥ޔ‬࿾ߩㄘኅ⚻ᷣߦභ߼ࠆᗧ๧߽㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⋵ౝߩࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ૞ဳߦߪ‫ޔ‬᠞⒳ᦼ߇㧥᦬㗃ߩ⑺૞‫ޔ‬㨪 ᦬㗃ߩᣧၳࠅ‫ޔ‬㨪 ᦬ߩᤐ૞‫ޔ‬㨪 ᦬ߩടᎿ↪ߣ޿߁㧠ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᣧၳࠅએᄖߪ૞
ઃ㕙Ⓧ߇ߘࠇ߶ߤᄢ߈ߊߥ޿ߩߢ‫ߪߢߎߎޔ‬ᣧၳࠅߦ㒢ቯߒߡ⠨ኤࠍㅴ߼ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ᣧၳࠅࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ↥࿾Ფߩ಴⩄ᤨᦼࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᄢፉߪ  ᦬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ  ᦬਄ᣨ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ᾢᲫߪ  ᦬਄ᣨ߆ࠄ  ᦬ਛᣨ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬⢄ዻߪ  ᦬਄ᣨ߆ࠄ  ᦬ਅᣨ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬಴᳓ߪ  ᦬ਛᣨ߆ࠄ  ᦬ਅᣨ߹ߢߣ౻߆ࠄᤐߦ߆ߌߡߩᤨᦼߦ㓸ਛߒ‫ޔ‬ධߩ↥࿾߶ߤ಴⩄ߩᤨᦼ߇ᣧߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬ᣧၳࠅࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ↥࿾Ფߩ૞ઃ㕙Ⓧࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺᡷ⦟᥉෸࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ᡰㇱ න૏ߢߪᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ߇ JC ߣᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ᰴ޿ߢ಴᳓ߩ JC ߣߥ

151ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Ꮢ↸᧛೎ߦߺߡ߽‫ޔ‬⍮ฬ↸ߩ JC ߇ᦨᄢߢ‫ޔ‬㐳ፉ↸ߩ JC
߇ߎࠇߦ⛯߈‫ޔ‬એਅ๺ᴱ↸ JC‫ޔ‬દ઄↸ JC‫ ↸᧲ޔ‬JC‫ߡ޿⛯ߣޔ‬߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ධ┵ߣർ┵ߩਔ࿾ၞߢ૞ઃ㕙Ⓧ߇ᄙ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ౕޔߢߎߘޕ‬૕⊛ߥ⺞ᩏ࿾ၞߣߒߡߪ‫⋵ޔ‬ධ┵ߩᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉ⍮ฬ↸ߣർ┵ߩ㐳ፉ↸ߩ㧞ߟߩ࿾ၞࠍㆬᛯ
ߔࠆߎߣߦߒߚ‫  ⴫ ޕ‬ ߥ߅ࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩຠ⒳ߪ‫ޔ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉߢߪࡎ࠶ࠞࠗࠦࠟࡀ  ‫ࡦࠗࠢ࡯ࡔޔ‬152

 ‫ޔࠅ޽ߢ  ઁߩߘޔ‬಴᳓ߢߪ࠾࡙ࠪ࠲ࠞ  ‫࠶ࡎޔ  ࡦࠗࠢ࡯ࡔޔ‬ࠞࠗࠦࠟࡀ  ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢ‫ోߩ࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔ‬࿖⊛ߥ↢↥േะߦߟ޿ߡ߽߰ࠇߡ߅ߊߣ‫࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔ‬ߩ‫ޟ‬ਥ↥࿾ߪർᶏ㆏ߢ޽ࠅ‫ోߪߡߌ߆ߦ᦬  ࠄ߆᦬ ޔ‬࿖ࠪࠚࠕߩ㧣㧡ࠍභ߼ࠆ‫ߪࠄ߆᦬ ޕ‬ᄶ⟤ᴒ✽ߥߤᥦ߆޿࿾ᣇߩ߽ߩ߇‫ߪࠄ߆᦬ ޔ‬㐳ፒ↥߇ᦨ⋓ᦼࠍㄫ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴ޿ߢ‫ޔ‬㕒ጟ߿ජ⪲‫ޔ‬㕍᫪ߣ⛯߈‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏ߦࡃ࠻ࡦ࠲࠶࠴ߔࠆ‫ࡦࠗ ޕޠ‬࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ CITQRGFKC ࠃࠅ  ߹ߚ‫ోޔ‬࿖↢↥㧞૏ߩ㐳ፒߣห㧟૏ߩ㣮ఽፉਔ⋵ߦ߅ߌࠆ಴⩄㊂ߩផ⒖ࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㐳ፒߪ 㨪 ᐕઍߩ ਁ㨠೨ᓟ߆ࠄ‫ ޔ‬ᐕઍએ㒠ߩ  ਁ㨠บ߳ૐਅߒ
ߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉߪ  ᐕઍߩ  ਁ㨠บ߆ࠄᐕ‫ޘ‬਄᣹ߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕએ㒠ߪ ਁ㨠ߦߖ߹ࠆ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ ޕ‬࿑  ╙㧟┨㣮ఽፉ⋵ߦ߅ߌࠆࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪ↥࿾ߩታᘒ㧝 㐳ፉ↸ ⚻ㆊߣ⃻⁁ ߹ߕ‫ޔ‬㐳ፉ↸ߦ߅ߌࠆࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ಴⩄㊂ߩផ⒖ࠍ‫⋵ޔ‬ౝߩ಴⩄㊂ߩᄙ޿⢄ዻ‫ޔ‬ᾢᲫ‫ޔ‬ᄢፉ࿾඙ࠍߘࠇߙࠇઍ⴫ߔࠆᄢᩮභ↸‫⷏ޔ‬ਯ⴫Ꮢ‫ޔ‬⍮ฬ↸ߣߣ߽ߦᲧセߒߡߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㐳ፉ↸ߪ  ᐕߦߪ߶ߣࠎߤ㧜ߢ‫ ޔ‬ᐕઍᧃߢ߽ 㨠ᧂḩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ᐕઍߦ౉ࠅ 㨠บ߇ߒ߫ࠄߊ⛯޿ߚ߇‫ ޔ‬ᐕઍᧃߦᕆỗߦ↢↥࡮಴⩄㊂߇
Ⴧടߒ‫ਁ ޔ‬㨠ࠍ⿥߃ࠆߦ⥋ߞߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ᐕઍߪ  ਁ㨠೨ᓟߢផ⒖ߒߚ߇‫ ޔ‬਎♿ߦ౉ࠅߐࠄߦ಴⩄㊂߇Ⴧᄢߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߦߪ  ਁ 㨠ߦ㆐ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬㐳ፉ↸ߢࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪ↢↥߇ᕆჇߒߚߩߪ  ᐕઍᧃએ㒠ߩߎߣߢ޽

153

ࠆ‫ ޕ‬࿑   ૞ઃᦼߩ৻⥸⊛ߥࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪ  ᦬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ㧞᦬ਅᣨߦ߆ߌߡ૞ઃߒ‫᦬ ޔ‬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ ᦬ᧃ߹ߢߦ෼ⓠࠍ⚳߃ࠆ‫᦬  ࠄ߆᦬ ޕ‬ਛᣨ߹ߢߪ‫ࠍࡕࠗࡑ࠷ࠨޔ‬૞ઃߔࠆ߆߹ߚߪ૗߽ᬀ߃ߕᄐ႐ߩᄤ࿾㄰ߒࠍⴕ߁‫߇ࡦ࡯࠲ࡄ߁޿ߣޔ‬ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ኅᣖഭ௛߇ਛᔃߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬෼ⓠᦼߦߪࠪ࡞ࡃ࡯ੱ᧚࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߥߤࠍㅢߒߡ↸ౝᄖ߆ࠄੱࠍ㓹ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ຠ⒳ߪ⢈ᄢ߇ᣧߊ‫ࠢࡎࠢࡎޔ‬ᗵߩ๧ࠊ޿߇޽ࠆ࠾࡙ࠪ࠲ࠞ߇߶
ߣࠎߤߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔߦઁޔ‬ᾚ፣ࠇ߇ߒߦߊ޿ࡔ࡯ࠢࠗࡦ߇ ⒟ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ↸ౝߦ㧝ᣣ 㨠ߩ⢻ജࠍᜬߟㆬᨐ႐߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬.‫ޔ‬.‫ޔ‬.‫ޔ‬/‫ޔ‬5‫ޔ‬5‫ޔ‬5 ߩ㧣Ბ㓏ߦㆬ೎ߒߡ಴⩄ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ౒⽼ࠍㅢߔ㊂ߪో૕ߩඨಽ⒟ᐲߣ⸒ࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߩඨಽߪ↥࿾಴⩄ᬺ⠪໡␠♽ߩ㕍ᨐᬺ⠪ ߩ࡞࡯࠻ߢ⽼ᄁߐࠇࠆ߇‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣇߩታᘒߪᓎ႐ߢ߽ߥ߆ߥ߆
ឞ߼ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㐳ፉߦ߅ߌࠆߎ߁ߒߚᬺ⠪ߦߪᄢᚻߩධ㜞㕍ᨐ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔઁߩߘޔ‬੗ᚻ㕍ᨐ‫ޔ‬ዊደ㕍ᨐ‫ޔ‬࿖ፒ㕍ᨐߥߤ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ໧㗴߅ࠃ߮⺖㗴࡮᷷ᥦൻߦ઻߁໧㗴 ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬᳇୥߇ᥦ౻ൻߒ‫ޔ‬ኙߊߥࠄߥߊߥߞߚߣ޿߁ᗵⷡࠍ৻⥸ߦㄘኅߪᜬߞߡ
޿ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬૞ઃᤨᦼ߇ᓥ᧪ߩ  ᦬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ೨ߦ೨ߦߣߔࠆ௑ะ߇↢ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ᦬ᆎ߼ߦߐ߃ߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫᦬ ޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ਅᣨ߿  ᦬਄ᣨߢ߽ኙᵄ߇ⷅ߁
ߎߣ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬უṌ⊛ߥᛂ᠄ࠍฃߌߚᐕ߽޽ࠆ‫ࠅ߹޽ޔࠄ߆ߣߎߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᣧߊ૞

154ઃߌߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ↸ߪᜰዉߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޕ߁⸒ߣ޿ߥ߆޿ߊ߹߁߆ߥ߆ߥޔ‬࡮࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߣઁ↥࿾ߣߩ┹วߩ໧㗴 㐳ፉߢߪ  ᦬ਅᣨߦ૞ઃߌߒߚ߽ߩߪ  ᦬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ಴⩄ߣߥࠆ߇‫ޟޔ‬ፉ߽ߩ‫ޠ‬ᄶ⟤↥ ߇ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆߣ୯਄߇ࠅߒߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱߩᣇ߽⾂⬿ᐶࠍᑪߡ‫ޔ‬಴⩄⺞ᢛࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬໧㗴߇↢ߓߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫↥ޔ‬࿾㑆ߢߩ⺞ᢛߩߚ߼ߩ⹤ߒว޿߇‫ޔ‬ᜬߚࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ઁᣇ‫ߩ᦬ ޔ‬ਛᣨએ㒠ߦߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㐳ፒ↥߇಴࿁ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬୯߇ᕆ⪭ߔࠆߩߢ‫᦬  ࠄ߆ᧃ᦬ޔ‬ᆎ߼ߩㅪભᤨߪ‫ޔ‬ዊ࡮ਛቇ↢ߥߤኅᣖ✚಴ߢ෼ⓠ૞ᬺߦ៤ࠊࠆ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫࡯࡟࡝ޔ‬಴⩄ߣߪ⸒߁߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߪ‫ޟ‬ᄢಽ፣ࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߣޠ‬߽⸒ࠊࠇࠆ㕙߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㐳ፒߥߤઁ↥࿾ߩ⁁ᴫࠍ⏕߆߼ࠆߚ߼ߦⴕ߈᧪ߒߚࠅߒߡ
޿ߡ‫⺞߁ߤޔ‬ᢛߔࠆ߆߇⺖㗴ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ⴕޔࠄ߆ߣߎߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬᡽㑆ߢߩ⹤ߒว޿ߛߌߢߥߊ‫⋥ޔ‬ធㄘኅߩੱห჻ߩ⹤ߒว޿߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ㄘᬺ↪ᑄࡊ࡜ࠬ࠴࠶ࠢߩ໧㗴 㐳ፉߩࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪᩱၭߢߪ‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲ߿Ḩᐲߩ⏕଻ߥߤߩℂ↱߆ࠄ‫ߦࠇߎޔ‬ലᨐ⊛ߢ޽ࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߡߒߣ᧚⾗ߩߘޔ‬Ⴎൻࡆ࠾࡯࡞ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ߿ࡐ࡝
ࠛ࠴࡟ࡦࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߇‫↥↢ޔ‬㊂ߩჇടߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᑄ᧚߇ᐕ‫ޘ‬Ⴧ߃ߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ⴕޕ‬᡽ߣߒߡᲤᐕ᳿߼ࠄࠇߚᤨᦼߦᑄ᧚ࠍ㓸߼ߘߩಣℂࠍⴕߞߡߪ޿ࠆ߇‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᑄ᧚߇Ⴧ߃ࠆߎߣ⥄૕߇߿ߪࠅ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫  ⴫ ޕ‬



155


㧞 ⍮ฬ↸ ⚻ㆊߣ⃻⁁ ᄢፉ࿾඙ߢࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩ↢↥࡮಴⩄㊂ߩᄙ޿↸ߪ‫ޔ‬⍮ฬ↸ߩઁ‫ޔ‬หߓߊᴒ᳗⦟
ㇱፉߩ๺ᴱ↸ߣᓼਯፉߩદ઄↸߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޔߢߎߘޕ‬㧟↸ߩ಴⩄㊂ߩផ⒖ࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᐕߦࠃࠆᄌൻ߇ᄢ߈޿߇‫ోޔ‬૕ߣߒߡߪ㧟↸ߣ߽ฝ਄߇ࠅߩჇടߩ௑ะࠍ␜
ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪ߶߷ห᭽ߩ௑ะࠍᜬߟߎߩ㧟⠪ߩઍ⴫ߣߒߡ⍮ฬ↸ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ ޕ‬࿑    ⍮ฬ↸ߢߪ৻⥸ߦ  ᦬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ  ᦬ਛᣨߦᬀ߃ઃߌ‫᦬ ޔ‬ਅᣨ߆ࠄ㧟᦬ߦ߆
ߌߡ෼ⓠࠍߒߡ߈ߡ޿ߚ‫ߩ࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬୯ߪᤨᦼ߇ᣧ޿⒟‫ޔ‬୯߇㜞޿௑ะ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬಴⩄ᤨᦼࠍᣧߊߔࠆߚ߼‫ߥ⇣․߿߿ޔ‬૞ઃ᭽ᑼ߇ߣࠄࠇߡ߈
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߔߥࠊߜ‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏↥ߩ⒳ࠗࡕࠍ  ᦬߆ࠄ  ᦬ߦ߆ߌߡ⾈޿ઃߌ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬㧞᦬ᆎ߼ߦᬀ߃ઃߌߡ  ᦬ਅᣨߦជࠅ޽ߍ‫᦬ ޔ‬ਛᣨ߹ߢ⚂㧡ࡨ᦬㑆಄⬿ߒߡ⾂⬿ߒ‫᦬ ޔ‬ਛᣨߦᬀ߃ઃߌࠆߣ޿߁‫߫ࠇߺߡߞ⸒ޔ‬㧞ᐕដ߆ࠅߩᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫ߎޕ‬
߁ߒߚᣇᴺߪ  ᐕ߶ߤ೨߆ࠄ߅ߎߥࠊࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ຠ⒳߽ዊ₹ဳߩᄙ

156

޿‫ޔ‬ਣဳ ࡎ࠶ࠞࠗࠦࠟࡀߥߤ ߦᄌ߃ߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⍮ฬ↸ߦ߅ߌࠆ಴⩄ᤨᦼߪ  ᦬߆ࠄ㧟᦬ߣ೨ㅀߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩേะࠍ⛔⸘ߦၮߠ߈ߺߡ߅ߊߣ‫ో߇᦬ ޔ‬૕ߩ⚂ ߣᦨ߽ᄙߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᰴ޿ߢ  ᦬ߩ ‫ޔ‬ ᦬ߩ ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߩ࡚ࠪࠗ࡟ࡃޔࠄ߆⴫ߩߎޔ߅ߥޕ‬୯Ბߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪᤨᦼ߇ᣧ޿⒟㜞޿௑ะߦ޽ࠆ߇‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭ  ᐕ㑆ߩᐔဋߢߪ‫߇᦬ ޔ‬ ౞‫  ߇᦬ ޔ‬౞ߣ௖߆ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇ㅒォߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠃ߁‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᐕߦࠃࠆ୯ߩᄌേࠍߺߡ߽‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩࠃ߁ߦᕆ⪭ߔࠆᐕ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽቟ቯ
ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫   ⴫ ޕ‬ ↢⢒ᦼߩ౻ߩᤨᦼߦߪ㘑߇ᒝ޿ߩߢ‫ߩ⇌ޔ‬๟࿐ߦᡰᩇࠍᑪߡߡ㒐㘑✂ࠍᒛࠆઁ‫ޔ‬⇔ߦߪ㧞ᧄߕߟਗߴߡᬀ߃ઃߌࠆ‫ޟ‬㧞᧦ᬀ߃‫ߩޠ‬ᣇᴺࠍߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬㘑߇ᒝߊߡ߽੕
޿ߦᡰ߃޽ߞߡୟࠇߦߊߊߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㐳ፉߢⴕߞߡ޿ࠆࡑ࡞࠴ࡦࠣߪ‫ޔ‬⍮ฬ↸ߢߪߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ㄘදࠍㅢߔ౒⽼߇⚂㧡ഀߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߪ↥࿾಴⩄ᬺ⠪ ਛ⾈ ߳ߩ⽼ᄁߢ޽ࠆὐ
ߪ㐳ፉߣૃߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬෼ⓠߪᄢᄌߥ૞ᬺߥߩߢ‫ޔ‬ㄘኅ߇⥄ಽߢ෼ⓠߒߡㆬᨐ႐߹ߢ
ᜬߜㄟ߻ࠤ࡯ࠬߪ౒⽼ߩ  ഀ⒟ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߩ  ഀߪㄘද߇ߎߩ૞ᬺࠍⴕߞߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ㄘኅ⥄りߢᜬߜㄟ߻႐วߪࠠࡠᒰߚࠅ  ౞ߩᜬߜㄟߺᢱࠍᡰ
ᛄߞߡ޿ࠆ‫↥ߩߎߎޕ‬࿾ߩ಴⩄ᬺ⠪ߦߪᧄ࿯ߩᬺ⠪ߣ࿾రߩᬺ⠪ߣ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬
ขࠅᛒ޿㊂ߩᲧߪ  ኻ  ߢᧄ࿯ߩᬺ⠪ߩᣇ߇ᄙ޿‫߿࡯ࡆ࡞ࠞޕ‬㐳ፒߩጟፒ⵾⩻ߥߤ߇ߘߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬࿾రߩᬺ⠪ߦߪ㎨↰ ᄢᵤ⽾ ‫᧻ޔ‬ర ደሶᲣ ‫੹ޔ‬ᩕ ๺ᴱ ߥߤ߇޽ࠆ‫↥ࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿾ߩ಴⩄ᬺ⠪ߪ⥄ಽ㆐ߢ෼ⓠ૞ᬺࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ࠃ
߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ୘೎ㄘኅߩࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪએᄖߩᩱၭ૞‛ߣߒߡߪ‫߇ࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔ‬ᄙ޿߇‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ജ㈩ಽߩὐ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ‫ߩࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔ‬෼ⓠ߽  ᦬߆ࠄ㧠᦬㗃߹ߢߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਔ⠪ߪ┹วߔࠆ‫╩ޕ‬⠪߇⡬߈ขࠅࠍⴕߞߚㄘኅߪࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩઁߦ࡙࡝ߩ⧎ߩ↢↥ࠍⴕ

157ߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫߽ࠇߎޔ‬ᐕᧃ࡮ᐕᆎߩ಴⩄ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߢ‫┹ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ว⊛ߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ߚߛ‫ޔ‬ᄐߦߪ઀੐߇ߥ޿ߩ߆ߣ⸒߁ߣ‫ޔߊߥߪߣߎߥࠎߘޔ‬ᄤ࿾㄰ߒ߿࠰࡞ࠧ
࡯ߥߤߩ✛⢈૞‛ࠍ⢒ߡߡᄐ႐ߦ⇌ߦ㍁߈ㄟࠎߢၸ⢈ൻߔࠆ૞ᬺߥߤ㊀ⷐߥ࿯ߠߊࠅߩ૞ᬺ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩࠅߥࠅߘޔ‬ഭ௛ജߩቄ▵⊛㈩ಽ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ߥߊ
߽ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪᩱၭߪ↸ౝߩోၞߦࠊߚߞߡⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ ޔ‬ᐕߩ⛔⸘ߢోㄘኅߦභ߼ࠆࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪᩱၭㄘኅߩᲧ₸߇㜞޿㓸⪭ࠍ⸘▚ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ਅၔ‫╀ޔ‬ᵤ‫⿒ޔ‬Ꭸ‫⧃ޔ‬ᷡ⦟‫ޔ‬ᄢᵤൊ‫ޔ‬਄ᐔᎹ‫ޔ‬ਭᔒᬌߩ㗅ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬⍮ฬ↸᧲ㇱ‫ޔ‬ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱፉో૕߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣፉߩਛᄩㇱߩ㓸⪭ߦߣߊߦᄙ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ㄘදߩ⾗ᢱߦࠃࠆ  ໧㗴߿⺖㗴࡮᷷ᥦൻߩᓇ㗀ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߎߣ ࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪ૞ઃߌᤨߩ᷷ᐲߪ ͠ࠍಾߞߚᣇ߇⦟޿ߩߛ߇‫ ߪ੹ޔ‬㨪͠ߢᬀ߃ઃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫߼ߚߩߎޕ‬⒳ࠗࡕߦ⣣ࠇ߇಴ࠆߎߣ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㔎ߩ㒠ࠅᣇ߇ਇⷙೣߢ‫ޔ‬㒠ࠆߣ߈ߪ㒠ࠆ߇㒠ࠄߥ޿ߣ߈ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ㒠ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕߪ 㨪 ᦬ߢ  ࡒ࡝ߒ߆㒠ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬એ೨ߪᐕ㑆  ࡒ࡝㒠ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬੹ߪ  ࡒ࡝ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ บ㘑߽᧪ߚࠅ᧪ߥ߆ߞߚࠅߢ‫ޔ‬ਇⷙೣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠰࠙ࠞ∛ߥߤߩ∛᳇߿‫߇⯻ޔ‬ᄙߊߥߞߡ⯻ኂ߇ᄙߊߥߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬એ೨ߩㄘ⮎߇߈߆ߥߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬࡮࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߣ↥࿾㑆ߩ┹ว ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄߇ዋߒ፣ࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬಴᳓࡮㐳ፉ߇ ⑺૞ࠍ ‫ޟ‬㐳ߊᒁߞ߬ߞߡ޿
ࠆ‫ ߼ߚޠ‬㨪 ᦬ߦ↢↥࡮಴⩄ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߢࠇߘޕ‬ᐕ㧝࿁ߩ↥࿾㑆ߩ⹤ߒว޿ࠍ
ⴕ߁ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬╙㧠┨⠨ኤ ᧄ┨ߢߪ‫ޔ‬એ਄ߺߡ߈ߚታᘒࠍ〯߹߃ߚ਄ߢ‫࡯࡟࡝ߦߊߣޔ‬಴⩄߅ࠃ᷷߮ᥦൻ
ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⻉໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡᢛℂߒ‫ޔ‬⠨ኤࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߦߟ޿ߡ ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ߣߪ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬࿾ၞߢㆡᦼߦ㊁⩿ࠍᩱၭߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬಴⩄ࠍ࡝࡟࡯ߢ
⚿߱ߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ోޔ‬૕ߣߒߡߪ㧝ߟߩ㊁⩿ࠍ㐳ᦼ߆ߟ⸘↹⊛ߦ಴⩄ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߣޔ‬

158

޿߁ᧄ⋵ߩ࿾ၞ⊛ߥ᧦ઙࠍ᦭೑ߦ↢߆ߒߚ↢↥࡮಴⩄૕೙ߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫߆ߒޕ‬ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫⋵ޔ‬ౝߢ߽ฦ↥࿾ߣ߽┹੎ߢ޽ࠅ‫↥⥄ޔ‬࿾ߩ಴⩄ᤨᦼࠍߥࠆߴߊ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬ߘߒߡᓟࠈߦᒁ߈ᑧ߫ߘ߁ߣߔࠆ௑ะ߇Ᏹߦ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫࠻ޔࠣࡦ࠴࡞ࡑޔߚ߹ޕ‬ࡦࡀ࡞ᩱၭ‫ࠬ࠙ࡂޔ‬ᩱၭߥߤ᳇᷷ߩ⺞▵߇ᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽ੱᎿ⊛ߦน⢻ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ධർᏅߩ㐳ᚲࠍᒙ߼ࠆ௑ะ߽↢ࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ਔ↥࿾ߣ߽‫࡯࡟࡝ޔ‬಴⩄߇ㄭᐕߪ‫ޟ‬ዋߒ፣ࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޠ‬⍮ฬ↸‫߱޿ߛޟ‬፣ࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ ޠ‬㐳ፉ↸ ߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫ߇಴ߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬޽ߚࠅߩో૕⊛ߥౣ⺞ᢛ߿ౣ⏕⹺߇ᔅⷐߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬ߩ㧝ߟߩ⹜ߺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฦ↥࿾㑆ߩ↢↥⠪࡮ㄘኅ߇⋥ធ⹤ߒว߁ᯏળ߇⸳ቯߐࠇࠆ
ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⋵ߩ᦭೑ᕈࠍ↢߆ߒߚ࡝࡟࡯಴⩄ᧄ᧪ߩ♖␹ߦ┙ߜᚯߞߚ⺞ᢛߣදജ߇᳞
߼ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⋵ߪߣߎߩߎޔ‬ౝߩ↥࿾㑆ߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ർᶏ㆏߿㐳ፒ╬ߣߩ㑆ߢ߽ห᭽ߩߎߣ߇⸒߃ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ᷷ᥦൻߦߟ޿ߡ ᷷ᥦൻߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߕ߹ޔ‬᳇୥ߩᄌേ߇એ೨ࠃࠅỗߒߊߥߞߚߎߣ߇⸒ࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬บ㘑߇᧪ߚࠅ᧪ߥ߆ߞߚࠅߢ‫ࠆ᧪ޔ‬ᐕߪએ೨ࠃࠅ࿁ᢙ߽ᄙߊ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬㨪 ᦬એᄖߩቄ▵ᄖࠇߢ᧪ߚࠅߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㔎ߩ㒠ࠅᣇߢ߽‫ޔ‬㒠ࠆߣ߈ߪߚߊߐࠎ㒠ࠆ߇㒠ࠄߥ޿ߣ߈ߪోߊ㒠ࠄߥ޿ߥߤ‫ޔ‬એ೨ࠃࠅ߽㒠ࠅᣇߩਇⷙೣᕈ߇߭ߤߊߥߞߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ‫⯻∛ޔ‬ኂ߇ᄙߊߥߞߚߣߩᜰ៰߇޽ࠆ‫∛ޕ‬᳇ߢߪຠ⾰ࠍૐਅߐߖࠆ‫߁ߘޟ‬߆∛‫ޔઁߩޠ‬Ḩᐲߣߩ㑐ㅪ߇㜞޿ߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆ‫߇↢⊒ߩޠ∛߈߃ޟ‬ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ‫⯻ޕ‬ኂߩᣇ߽‫߇⯻ߊ߆ߦߣޔ‬ᄙߊߥࠅ‫ޔ‬એ೨૶↪ߒߡ޿ߚㄘ⮎߇߈߆ߥߊߥߞߚߣߩ
⹤߇޽ߞߚ‫ޔߩ⽎⃻ߩࠄࠇߎޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬᷷ᥦൻߣߩ㑐ㅪߪߪߞ߈ࠅߒߡ޿ࠆࠊ
ߌߢߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪ߇ߥ޿ߣ߽⸒߃ߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬㧟ὐ⋡ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬᠞⒳ᦼߩ᳇᷷߇ ͠એਅߥࠄ໧㗴ߪߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬㨪͠ߢᬀ߃ઃߌࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬⒳ࠗࡕߦ⣣ࠇ߇಴ࠆߎߣ߇⸒ࠊࠇߚ‫ޔߪߦࠇߎޕ‬᷷ᥦൻߩⷐ
࿃ߩઁ‫ޔ‬ᣧᦼ෼ⓠ࡮ᣧᦼ಴⩄ࠍ⋡ᜰߔߚ߼ߩᬀઃߌߩᣧᦼൻߩⷐ࿃߇߆ࠄࠎߢ޿
ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻߣߩ㑐ㅪุ߽ቯߢ߈ߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ‫ޔ‬ᥦ౻੍ᗐߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬⒳ࠗࡕߩᬀઃߌ߇ᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ᣧߊߥߞߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᕆߦኙᵄ߇᧪ߡᄢᛂ᠄ࠍฃߌߚߣߩᜰ៰ߦߟ޿ߡߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ᆎ߼ߦᜰ៰ߒߚ᳇
୥ߩᄌേߩỗൻߩౕ૕⊛ߥⵍኂߩ৻଀ߣ⸒߃ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫ߦ⊛⥸ోޕ‬᷷ᥦൻ߿ᥦ౻߇⸒ࠊࠇࠆਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᕆߦኙᵄ߿ᄢ㔎ߥߤ߇ⷅ߁ߎߣ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߥߩߛ‫ޕ‬ߎߩߎߣߪ‫⃻ޔ‬ታߩኻᔕ߇㔍ߒߊߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߘߩઁߩ⻉໧㗴

159

 એ਄ߩ㧞ߟߩ໧㗴ߩઁ‫ޔ‬㐳ፉߢߪㄘᬺ↪ᑄ᧚߇Ⴧᄢߒ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽߇ߘߩಣℂߦ៤ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⃻⁁߇޽ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᑄ᧚ߩਇᴺᛩ᫈ߪ໧㗴ᄖߛ߇‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ߩᶖ⾌ࠍዋߥߊߒ‫ࡒࠧޔ‬ឃ಴ߩ࠯ࡠࠍ⋡ᜰߔ࡝ࠨࠗࠢ࡞␠ળࠍᜰะߔࠆᣇะ߆ࠄ
ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬Ⴎൻࡆ࠾࡯࡞߿ࡐ࡝ࠛ࠴࡟ࡦߩᄢ㊂૶↪ߪ‫ޔ‬᳿ߒߡᦸ߹ߒ޿ߎߣߢߪߥ
޿ߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ⅣႺߦࠃࠅ⽶ᜂࠍਈ߃ߥ޿ㄘᬺᒻᘒ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎߩઁߩὐߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᵹㅢߩታᘒߣߊߦ↥࿾಴⩄ᬺ⠪ߩታᘒߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⎇ᧄޔ‬ⓥߢ
ߪᷓߊㅊⓥߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿾⹹⊛ⷞὐ߿࿾ၞߩ✚ว⊛ᛠីߩὐ߽‫ޔ‬ᄙዋߪㅊⓥߒߚ߇ਇචಽߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ὐߪᣇᴺ⺰⊛ߥᬌ⸛߽฽߼‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߣߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ⍹↰ᩕ৻  ⹜㛎⎇ⓥߣᕁ޿಴ ᣿ᣣߩ㊁⩿ࠍᜏߊ 㣮ఽፉ⋵ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐࿦⧓ㇱ✛෹ળ✬  RR 㣮ఽፉ⋵ㄘ᡽ㇱ  ߆ߏߒ߹ߩㄘᬺ 㣮ఽፉ⋵࿦⧓ᝄ⥝ද⼏ળ  ਥⷐ㊁⩿ߩ૞ဳߣຠ⒳
 ⍮ฬㄘද  ࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪߩሼ೎ታ❣⴫ ਻Ꮊㄘ᡽ዪ㣮ఽፉ⛔⸘࡮ᖱႎ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯✬ 㣮ఽፉㄘᨋ᳓↥⛔⸘ᐕႎ ฦᐕ  ⍮ฬ↸  ᐔ㕒  ᐕᐲㄘᬺ↢↥ᝄ⥝⸘↹ᦠ ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱࡃ࡟࡚ࠗࠪࡉ࡜ࡦ࠼↥࿾ផㅴද⼏ળ  ᴒ᳗⦟ㇱߩ߫ࠇ޿ߒ
ࠂ ਅ࿦⧷ବ  㣮ఽፉ⋵↥ߩᩱၭ࡮ຠ⾰ߩ․ᓽ ࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕ  ࿾ၞㄘ↥‛ߩຠ⾰࡮ᯏ⢻ᕈಽ✚ⷩ ᵤᔒ↰⮮ੑ㇢✬  RR
160ᄶ⟤᳃⻦ߩᧂ᧪᪞Ꮉ ⧷ବ㣮ఽፉᄢቇᴺᢥቇㇱⷐᣦ ᄶ⟤ߦߪᄙߊߩ᳃⻦߇޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬વᛚߦߪߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤᳃⻦ߩઍ⴫ߣ߽޿߃ࠆࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣፉᄖߦ߽ᣂߒ޿
⡬ⴐࠍ₪ᓧߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫߿࡞࡯ࠢࡦࠦޔ‬ᢎቶߩᓇ㗀ߢᤄߥ߇ࠄߩ๧ࠍᄬ
ߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆߣ߽޿ࠊࠇࠆ‫ߡߟ߆ޕ‬ᄶ⟤⻉ፉߩฦ㓸⪭ߢ⋓ࠎߦເ޿〭ࠄࠇߚ౎᦬〭ࠅ࠙࠲߽‫↢ޔ‬ᵴⅣႺߩᄌൻ߿ㆊ⇹ൻߥߤߦࠃࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬વᛚ߇ෂ߱߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭߪ᳃⻦ߩવᛚߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߩ࠴ࠣࡑࠪޔ‬๧ࠊ޿ࠍ⷗⋥ߘ߁ߣ޿߁േ߈߽޽ࠅ‫߇ࠇߘޔ‬વᛚߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ߆߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

The Future of Amami Folk SongsYANAGAWA Hidetoshi
Faculty of Law, Economics and the Human ities, Kagoshima
University
Abst ra ct
A mami Ir lands hav e a lot of fo lk songs. Bu t ther e are ma ny prob lemsin their tran smission. The most pop ular fo lk so ngs of A ma mi Irland s called
Shimau ta ar e g e t t in g n e w aud i en c es in a l l o v er J ap an . On th e o th er h an d
th ey

are

losingtheir

orig in ality

und ertheinflu en ceofsh imau ta

co mp etition s and sh imau ta schoo ls. Th e Ha c higa tsu-odo r i-u ta, song s ofanc e s tor w o r sh ip , tha n k s an d p r a y e r f o r r i ch h ar v es t s, h av e q u i t e a f ew
diff icu lties in their tran smission with recen t so cial chan ges and prog ress ofd e p o p u l a t io n . S o me a t t e mp t s to r e v a lu a t e the A ma mi d i a le c t c a l l e d
Shimagu ch i can produ ce good r esu lts for the fu ture o f A ma mi fo lk son gs.
Key wo rds: Ama mi Irlannds, Sh imau ta, Hachig atsu -odo ri, fo lk so ngs,

161

tr ans missio n, Sh i magu c hiߪߓ߼ߦ ᄶ⟤ߦߪᄙߊߩ᳃⻦߇޽ࠆ߇‫ߦࠎ⋓߅ߥ߹޿ޔ‬ເࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߪ৻
⥸ߦࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩฬߢ๭߫ࠇࠆ޽ߘ߮᱌ߣ‫ޔ‬ᣥᥲ౎᦬ߦເ޿〭ࠄࠇࠆ౎᦬〭ࠅ࠙࠲ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ߁ߜ‫ࠍ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔ‬ขࠅᏎߊ⁁ᴫߪ‫ߎߎޔ‬ᢙᐕᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬రߜߣߖࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆ⧯ᚻߩເ⠪ߚߜߩบ㗡‫࡯࡟ߥ߹ߑ߹ߐޔ‬ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ⊒ᄁߐࠇࠆ㧯㧰‫ޔ‬Ⴧടߔࠆᧄ࿯ߢߩࠦࡦࠨ࡯࠻ߥߤ‫ߩߘޔ‬๟ㄝߪᐕ‫ࠍߐ߆߿⾟ޘ‬Ⴧߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡊ࠶ࡐޕ‬㘑ߩࠕ࡟ࡦࠫ߿‫ߤߥࡁࠕࡇޔ‬ߩᵗᭉེߦࠃࠆ઻ᄼ߽⋓ࠎߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ߩߘޔ߇ޕ‬ᣇߢ‫߿ࠫ࡯࠹ࠬޔ‬ᢎቶ߇ਛᔃߩࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩ⁁ᴫࠍགྷ߈‫ޔ‬᱌ដߌ߿᱌ㆆ߮ߩᤨઍࠍᙬ߆ߒ߻ჿ
߽ዋߥߊߥ޿‫ߡߟ߆ޕ‬㓸⪭㧔ࠪࡑ㧕ߏߣߦ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ߚࠪࡑ࠙࠲߇‫ޔ‬޿߹ߢߪߚߛߩ‫ޟ‬ፉເ‫ޕࠆ޽߽⸒⹏߁޿ߣߚߞ߹ߒߡߞߥߦޠ‬৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ߢ‫ߣޠ᦬౎ߺޟ‬๭߫ࠇࠆᄐᱜ᦬ߦฦ㓸⪭ߢເ޿〭ࠄࠇࠆ౎᦬〭ࠅ࠙࠲ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬㓸࿅ᕈࠁ߃ߦࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩࠃ߁ߥဋ⾰ൻࠍ߹ߧ߇
ࠇ‫ߦߛ߹޿ޔ‬㓸⪭ߏߣߩ⁛⥄ᕈࠍᱷߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬વᛚߦߪ‫ޔ‬ࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩવᛚߣߪ߹ߚ㆑ߞߚᗧ๧ߢߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ࿎㔍߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤᳃⻦ߪ੹ᣣߤߩࠃ߁ߦવᛚߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ߩߘޔߚ߹ޕ‬વᛚߩ⺖㗴ߣߪ૗ߥߩ߆‫ޕߚߴ⺞ߡ޿ߟߦࠅ〭᦬౎ߣ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޕ‬ࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩવᛚ ࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩવᛚߩ⺞ᩏߦᒰߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬਎ઍߩ㆑߁  ੱߩເ⠪ߦ‫ޔ‬ᢙᐲ ߦ ࠊ ߚ ߞ ߡ ࠗ ࡦ ࠲ ࡆ ࡘ ࡯ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ‫  ޕ‬ઍ ೨ ᓟ ߢ ߶ ߷ ห ਎ ઍ ߩ ; ᳁ ߣ' ᳁ ‫  ޔ‬ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߩ + ᳁ ‫  ޔ‬ઍ ೨ ඨ ߩ 5 ᳁ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ߽ ࠇ ߕ ޿ ޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ߿ 㣮 ఽፉࠍਛᔃߦ᏷ᐢߊᵴべߒߡ޿ࠆເ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ‫⾰ޕ‬໧ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄ߇ߤߩࠃ
߁ߦࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍୃᓧߒߚߩ߆‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩ⁁ᴫࠍߤ߁⠨߃ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ὐ߇ਛᔃߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ເ ⠪ ߩ ਎ ⇇ ߢ ߪ ᄢ ᓮ ᚲ ߣ ޿ ߁ ߴ ߈ ᐕ 㦂 ߩ ; ᳁ ߣ ' ᳁ ߪ ‫ ߽ ࠇ ߕ ޿ޔ‬ᱦࠍㆊ߉ߡ߆ࠄᧄᩰ⊛ߦࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍᆎ߼ߚ‫ ;ޕ‬᳁ߪੱߦ⺧ࠊࠇߡ಴႐
ߒߚࠦࡦࠢ࡯࡞ߢఝൎߒߚߩ߇‫ 'ޔ‬᳁ߪᱞਅ๺ᐔ߇ਥቿߔࠆࠪࡑ࠙࠲
หᅢળߦ౉ળߒߚߎߣ߇‫ޕߚߞߥߦߌ߆ߞ߈ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ਔ᳁ߣ߽ᐜዋ
ᦼߩࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩᕁ޿಴ߪዋߥߊ‫ޔ‬ῳⷫ߿␲ῳ߇ເߞߡ޿ߚߩࠍⷡ߃ߡ
޿ࠆ⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬りㄭߦ᱌ដߌ߿᱌ㆆ߮ߥߤ߇޽ߞߚ⸥ᙘ߽޽߹ࠅߥ޿ ߣ ޿ ߁ ‫ ; ޿ ⧯ ޕ‬᳁ ߦ ߣ ߞ ߡ ࠪ ࡑ ࠙ ࠲ ߪ ‫ ޟ‬㔍 ߒ ޿ ‫ޠ ޿ ߊ ߦ ߈ ߟ ߞ ߣ ޟޠ‬

162ߣ޿߁ශ⽎߇޽ߞߚ‫ߡߞࠃߦੱޕ‬᱌⹖߇ᄌࠊࠆߩ߽ߘߩශ⽎ࠍഥ㐳ߒߚ ‫ ߢ ࡞ ࡯ ࠢ ࡦ ࠦޔ ߼ ߚ ߩ ߘޕ‬ఝ ൎ ߒ ߚ ߣ ߈ ߽ ‫ޔ‬‫޿ ߣޠ ߆ ߩ ޿ ޿ ߢ ࠇ ߎ ޟ‬߁ᕁ޿ߛߞߚߣ޿߁‫ 'ޕ‬᳁߽߹ߚ⧯޿㗃ߪਃ๧✢ࠃࠅ߽ࠛ࡟ࠠࠡ࠲࡯
ߦᾲਛߒߚ‫ޕ‬ੑචᱦ೨ᓟߦፉࠍ಴ߡᄢ㒋ߦⴕ߈‫ߢߎߘޔ‬ᱞਅ๺ᐔߩ࡟
ࠦ࡯࠼ߦ಴ળ߁߹ߢ‫ߦ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔ‬ኻߔࠆ⥝๧ߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿
߁‫ޕ‬ߘߩߚ߼߆‫ޔ‬ਔ᳁ߪߣ߽ߦ᡿ㇹߩ㓸⪭㧔ࠪࡑ㧕ߩ࠙࠲ߦኻߔࠆߎߛ
ࠊࠅߪߥߊ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩᅢ߈ߥ࠙࠲ࠍເ߁ߩ߇޿ߜ߫ࠎߣ޿߁⠨߃ߩᜬߜਥߢ޽ࠆ‫ ;ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬᳁ߪࠦࡦࠢ࡯࡞ߦఝൎߒߡ߆ࠄ‫࡝࠻࡯ࡄ࡟ޔ‬࡯ࠍ᜛ߍࠆᔅⷐߦㄼࠄࠇߡ‫ࠍ࡯࠳࡯ࠦ࡟࠻࠶࠮ࠞޔ‬ᚻߦᄶ⟤ᄢፉฦ

࿾ߢ࠙࠲ࠍ㍳㖸ߒߡᱠ߈‫ࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬᛬ⴲߐߖߡࡅࠡࡖເߢ߽ࠞࠨࡦເߢ ߽ ߥ ޿ ⁛ ․ ߩ ▵ ࿁ ߒ ࠍ ߟ ߊ ߞ ߚ ‫ 'ޕ‬᳁ ߽ ߹ ߚ ᓼ ਯ ፉ ߩ ಴ り ߢ ޽ ࠆ ߇ ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ᳃⻦ߪ㐳ߊ৻ᦛ߽⍮ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㍳㖸ߔࠆᔅⷐߦㄼࠄࠇߡߪߓ߼ߡ
ീᒝߒߡⷡ߃ߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ਔ᳁ߪ߹ߚࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡ߽ኡኈߢ‫ ; ߦߊߣޔ‬᳁ߪ‫࠲࠙ޟ‬ߪᄌࠊࠆ߆ࠄߎߘ㐳↢߈ߔࠆ‫ޟ߽ߦੱ޿⧯ޔ޿⸒ߣޠ‬ฎ޿࠙࠲ߪᄢ੐
ߛ߇‫ߪࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ߎߣࠍ߿ࠄߥ޿ߣㅴᱠߒߥ޿‫ߡߌ⛯޿⸒ߣޠ‬߈ߚߣ⺆ࠆ‫ߩߘޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᓐࠄߢ߽ᦨㄭߩ⁁ᴫߦߪߣ߹ߤ޿ࠍⷡ߃ࠆ
ߎߣ߇ዋߥߊߥ޿ߣ޿߁‫ ' ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬᳁ߪ⧯޿ᅚᕈເ⠪ߩ㜞㖸ൻࠍᜰ៰ߒ‫ޔ‬วࠊߖߦߊߊߥߞߚߣགྷߊ‫ ;ޕ‬᳁߽߹ߚᵗᭉེߢṶᄼߔࠆߩߪ
޿޿߇‫ޔ‬ዋߒ߿ࠅㆊ߉ߢߪߥ޿߆ߣෂᗋߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ੱߩເ⠪ਛ߽ߞߣ߽⧯޿ 5 ᳁ߩ႐วߪߤ߁߆‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ⧯ᚻߩເ⠪߇ߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬5 ᳁ߪ޿ࠊࠁࠆ‫ޟ‬ᢎቶ਎ઍ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ዊቇ↢ߩߣ߈ߦ᳃⻦ᢎቶߩ⊒⴫ળࠍ⷗ߡᗵỗߒ‫ࠍ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔ‬⠌޿ᆎ߼ߚߩߛߣ
޿߁‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨߪ߹ߛࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍ߿ࠆሶଏߪ⃟ߒߊ‫ޔ‬ᢎቶߩੱᢙ߽ዋߥ߆
ߞߚ‫ޕ‬༑⇇ፉߩ಴りߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᢎቶએᄖߢ↢ߩࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߦ⸅ࠇࠆᯏળ
ߪߥߊ‫⻠ࠄ߬ߞ߽ޔ‬Ꮷߩ࠙࠲ࠍᚻᧄߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ሶଏߩ㗃߆ࠄࠦࡦࠢ࡯࡞
ߦ಴႐ߒ‫߽ߢ߹޿ޔ‬Ფᐕߩࠃ߁ߦ಴႐ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห਎ઍߩເ⠪ߦߪࡔࠫࡖ࡯࠺ࡆࡘ࡯ߔࠆ⠪߽޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬5 ᳁⥄りߦߪߘ߁ߒߚᔒะߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ࡐ࠶ࡊࠬ〝✢߽㕙⊕޿ߣߪᕁ߁߇‫ࠅ߹޽ޔ‬㑐ᔃߪߥ޿ߣ⺆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅢߺߪ߻ߒࠈ⚐ߥࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߦ޽ࠅ‫ࠅߊߞߓࠍࠇߘޔ‬ീᒝߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬৻ ᣇ ‫  ޔ‬ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߩ + ᳁ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ᄢ ᓮ ᚲ ߩ ਎ ઍ ߣ ⧯ ᚻ ਎ ઍ ߩ ޿ ࠊ ߫ ⁜ 㑆 ߩ਎ઍߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห਎ઍߢ࠙࠲ࠍ߿ࠆੱ߽ዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬ሶଏߩ㗃߆ࠄⷫሶ࡜ࠫ
ࠝࠍㅢߓߡࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍ⡬޿ߡߪ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᩰ೎ߩ⥝๧ߪߥߊ‫߈ߣ޿⧯ޔ‬163

ߪ ࠡ ࠲ ࡯ ߿ ࠼ ࡜ ࡓ ࠍ Ṷ ᄼ ߒ ߡ ޿ ߚ ‫ ߩ ࠲ ࠙ ࡑ ࠪޕ‬㝯 ജ ߦ ⋡ ⷡ ߼ ߚ ߩ ߪ ᱦࠍㆊ߉ߡ߆ࠄߢ‫ޔ‬ῳⷫߩᴺ੐ߢፉߦᏫߞߚߩ߇߈ߞ߆ߌߦߥߞߚߣ
޿߁‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߪᱞਅ๺ᐔߩหᅢળߢ⎇㐭ࠍⓍࠎߢ޿ࠆ߇‫ߥ࡞࡯ࠢࡦࠦޔ‬ߤߦߪෳടߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠬࡊ࠶ࡐߩ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޕ‬㘑ߩࠕ࡟ࡦࠫߦߪᛶ᛫ߪ
ߥ޿߇‫ߪ߹޿ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍ߈ߜࠎߣീᒝߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᐕࠍขߞߡ߆
ࠄ᱌ㆆ߮ࠍߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߥເ⠪ߦߥࠅߚ޿ߣ⺆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ‫޿⧯ޔ‬਎ઍ߇વ⛔⊛ߥࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍୃᓧߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߈ߦ┙ߜ ߪ ߛ ߆ ࠆ ߩ ߇ ‫ ߩ ࠴ ࠣ ࡑ ࠪ ޔ‬ო ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫  ޕ‬ઍ ᓟ ඨ ߩ + ᳁ ߪ ᐜ ዋ ᦼ ߦ ߪ෹㆐ห჻ߢࠪࡑࠣ࠴ࠍ⹤ߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ቇᩞߢߪ෩ߒߊ⑌ᱛߐࠇ‫߹޿ޔ‬ߢߪ૶߁⠌ᘠ߇ߥ޿‫ޕ‬หᅢળߢ߽ࠃߊࠪࡑࠣ࠴ߩ⊒㖸߇߅߆ߒ޿ߣᜰ
៰ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬+ ᳁ࠃࠅ߽ߐࠄߦ⧯޿ 5 ᳁ߩ႐วߪ‫⥄߿ߪ߽ޔ‬ಽߢߪࠪࡑࠣ࠴߇⹤ߖߕ‫␲ޔ‬ῳᲣߩ૶߁ࠪࡑࠣ࠴ࠍߥࠎߣ߆ℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ⒟ᐲ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ࠲ ࠙ ࡑ ࠪޕ‬ᢎ ቶ ߢ ߽ ⻠ Ꮷ ߪ ᱌ ⹖ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߪ ߶ ߣ ࠎ ߤ ⺑ ᣿ ߖ ߕ ‫ޔ‬⹦ߒ޿ౝኈߪᦠ‛ࠍᚻដ߆ࠅߦ⥄ಽߢ⺞ߴߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿
߁‫ޕ‬ࠪࡑࠣ࠴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪࡌ࠹࡜ࡦເ⠪߆ࠄ߽ᵈᢥ߇ᄙ޿‫ ;ޕ‬᳁ߪ޿߹ߩ
ࠪࡑ࠙࠲߇ࠦࡦࠢ࡯࡞ߩᓇ㗀ߢ‫ޟ‬ᣓᓞ‫ᧄޠ‬૏ߦߥࠅㆊ߉ߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ៰
ߒ‫޿⧯ޔ‬ເ⠪߇ࠪࡑࠣ࠴ࠍീᒝߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫৻߹޿ޔ‬ᐲߎߣ߫ߩ
਎⇇ߦ┙ߜ㄰ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣജ⺑ߔࠆ‫ 'ޕ‬᳁߽߹ߚࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩ᱌⹖ߩ
⚛᥍ࠄߒߐࠍ‫ߙߊࠃޟ‬૞ߞߚߣᕁ߁‫ߣޠ‬⒓߃‫ߩ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔ‬᱌໒ߦߪࠪ
ࡑࠣ࠴ࠍⷡ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆߣ⺑ߊ‫✢〝ࠬࡊ࠶ࡐޔࠄ߿߁ߤޕ‬ߦᛂߜ⥝ߓࠆࠃࠅߪࠪࡑࠣ࠴ߩീᒝࠍߣ޿߁ߩ߇‫ࡦ࡜࠹ࡌޔ‬ເ⠪ߩᧄ㖸ߩࠃ߁ߛ‫ޕ‬౎᦬〭ࠅߩવᛚ౎ ᦬ 〭 ࠅ ߩ વ ᛚ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ߪ ‫  ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ ߆ ࠄ  ᣣ ߹ ߢ 㧔 ᄶ ⟤ߢ ߪ ࠕ ࡜ ࠮ ࠷ ߦ ⛯ ߊ ࠪ ࡃ ࠨ ࠪ ߣ ๭ ߫ ࠇ ࠆ‫ ߩޠ ᦬ ౎ ߺ ޟ‬ᓟ ඨ ߩ ᦼ 㑆 㧕‫═ޔ‬೑↸═೑㓸⪭㧔ᄢ═೑㓸⪭㧕ߢ⺞ᩏߔࠆᯏળࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬ᄢ═೑㓸⪭ߩੱญߪ⚂ජੱ‫ޕ‬ᄶ⟤ᄢፉߩߥ߆ߢ߽ੱญߩᄙ޿㓸⪭ߢ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ߩ 㓸 ⪭ ߪ ᄙ ߊ ጊ ஥ ߩ ㉿ 㧔 ࠨ ࠻ 㧕‫ ޔ‬ᶏ ஥ ߩ ㊄ ਭ 㧔 ࠞ ࡀ ࠢ 㧕 ߩ ੑ඙ ߆ ࠄ ߥ ࠆ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᄢ ═ ೑ 㓸 ⪭ ߪ ଀ ᄖ ⊛ ߦ ၔ ೨ ↰ 㧔 ৻ ඙ 㧕‫ ޔ‬㉿ ೨ 㧔 ੑ ඙ 㧕‫ޔ‬㊄ਭ㧔ਃ඙㧕ߩਃ඙߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ߪࠅ〭᦬౎ޕ‬࿾඙ߏߣߦಽ߆ࠇߡ〭ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߩ࿾඙એᄖߩ〭ࠅߦෳടߔࠆੱߪ߶ߣࠎߤ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿾඙ߪᥧ㤩ߩ࡜ࠗࡃ࡞㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿾඙ߩ࠙࠲߿〭ࠅߦߪߘࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ વ ⛔ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߊ ୘ ᕈ ߇ ↢ ߹ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ ߫ ߃ ߣ ߚޕ‬ᄢ ═ ೑ 㓸 ⪭ ߩ ႐ ว ߪ ‫ޔ‬164৻ ඙ ߩ ເ ޿ ᣇ ߪ Ყ セ ⊛ ࠁ ߞ ߊ ࠅ ߢ ‫ ߇ ࡐ ࡦ ࠹ޔ‬ㅦ ߊ ߥ ࠆ ߣ ߔ ߋ ߦ ᱛ ߼ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ੑ඙ߪ৻ᦛߩᤨ㑆߇㐳ߊ‫ߩ࠲࠙ޔ‬ㅴⴕߣߣ߽ߦ࠹ࡦࡐ߽ߤࠎߤࠎㅦߊ
ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ਃ඙ߪో඙ਛߢ߽ߞߣ߽ເ޿ᣇ߇ࠁߞߊࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔઁߩߘޕ‬ฦ඙ ߢ ߪ ৻ ᥅ ߦ ⸰ ໧ ߔ ࠆ ኅ ߩ ᢙ ‫ ߩ ޠ ⺞ ౐ ޟޔ‬ເ ࠊ ࠇ ᣇ ‫ ␸ ޔ‬௾ 㧔 ࡂ ࠽ 㧕 ߩ ᛲ㔺ߩ઀ᣇߥߤ‫ߥ߆⚦ޔ‬ὐߢߩ⋧㆑߽ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬౎᦬〭ࠅߪ߽ߣ߽ߣኅ␯޿ߩ௾ᑼߣߒߡᆎ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬㓸⪭ౝߩߔߴߡߩኅ ࠍ Ꮌ ࠆ ߩ ࠍ ⠌ ᘠ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޿ ߚ ‫ ޕ‬ᄢ ═ ೑ 㓸 ⪭ ߢ ߽  ᐕ ߊ ࠄ ޿ ೨ ߹ ߢ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ᤤߩ  ᤨ߆ࠄᄛਛߩ  ᤨ߹ߢోᚭࠍ࿁ߞߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㓸⪭ߩ૑᳃߇ߔߴߡṪᬺ߿ㄘᬺߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ߚᤨઍߥࠄ޿ߑ⍮ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㓸⪭ౝߦൕ߼ੱ߇ᄙߊߥࠆߣ‫ߩߎޔ‬⠌ᘠߪᤨઍߦߘߋࠊߧ߽ߩߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬޿ ߹ ߢ ߪ 〭 ࠅ ߩ ᤨ 㑆 ߪ ᄛ  ᤨ ඨ ߆ ࠄ  ᤨ ߹ ߢ ߦ ⍴ ❗ ߐ ࠇ ‫ࠇ ⸰ ߦ ᥅ ৻ޔ‬ࠆ ኅ ߽ ߖ ޿ ߗ ޿ ‫  ޔ‬イ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ߚ ߒ ߁ ߎ ޕ‬േ ߈ ߪ ‫  ޔ‬ᐕ ೨ ᓟ ࠍ Ⴚ ߦߒߡᄶ⟤ᄢፉో૕ߢᆎ߹ߞߚߣ޿߁‫৻ߩߎޕ‬੐߆ࠄ߽ಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬⃻࿷ߩ౎᦬〭ࠅߦ߆ߟߡߩ൓޿ߪߥ޿‫ޔ߆ࠈߎߤࠇߘޕ‬ᄢ═೑㓸⪭ߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ሽ⛯ࠍෂ߱߻ჿ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ℂ↱ߩ߭ߣߟߪ‫ޔ‬‫ ޟ‬ᛂ ߜ ಴ ߒ ‫ ߩޠ‬㜞 㦂 ൻ ߦ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ᛂ ߜ ಴ ߒ ߪ ࠙ ࠲ ࠍ හ⥝ߢߟߥ޿ߢ޿ߊ࠙࠲ߩవዉᓎߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᛂߜ಴ߒ߇޿ߥߌࠇ߫౎᦬〭ࠅߘߩ߽ߩ߇ᆎ߹ࠄߥ޿‫ߪߦࠅ〭᦬౎ޔߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬ᾫ✵ߒߚᛂߜ಴
ߒߩሽ࿷߇ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ⛮⠪߇޿ߥ޿⁁ᘒߥߩߛߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ߚߣ߃߫‫৻ޔ‬඙ߦߪᅚߩᛂߜ಴ߒߪ৻ੱߒ߆߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ੑ඙ߢ߽↵ߩᛂߜ಴ߒߪ  ੱߛߌߛߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ᾫ✵ߒߚᛂߜ಴ߒࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ႐ᢙ ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߖ ࠆ ߒ ߆ ߥ ޿ ߇ ‫ ߩ ࠅ 〭ޔ‬ᯏ ળ ߘ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߇ ᷫ ߞ ߡ ߈ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ޿ ߹ ‫ޔ‬ߘࠇ߽ߥ߆ߥ߆㔍ߒ޿ߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬߽ߜࠈࠎ‫଻ࠍࠅ〭ޔ‬ሽߔࠆߚ߼ߩദജ߽ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬৻ ඙ ߢ ߪ ✵ ⠌ ߩ ߚ ߼ ߦ ㆊ ෰ ߩ ౎ ᦬ 〭 ࠅ ࠙ ࠲ ࠍ ㍳ 㖸 ߒ ߚ %& ࠍ ೙ ૞ ߒ ߚ ‫ޕ‬ੑ඙ߢ߽౎᦬〭ࠅ࠙࠲ߩ᱌⹖㓸ࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫᦬ޔ‬ੑ࿁‫╙ޔ‬ੑ࡮╙྾Ἣᦐᣣߦ✵⠌ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ਃ඙ߢ߽ห᭽ߩ⹜ߺ߇޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬㓸߹ࠅ߇ᖡߊߡ⥄ὼᶖṌߒߚߘ߁ߛ‫ߪߢ߹޿ޕ‬ੑ඙ߩ✵⠌ߦ৻඙߿ਃ඙߆ࠄ߽
ੱ߇᧪ࠆ‫଻ߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ሽߩ⹜ߺߪ඙ߏߣߢⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫┹߿ߪ߽ޔ‬޿ ว ߁ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ‫ޔ‬੕ ޿ ߦ ද ജ ߒ ว ࠊ ߥ ߌ ࠇ ߫ ߥ ࠄ ߥ ޿ ⁁ ᘒ ߛ ߣ ޿ ߁ ‫ޕ‬ߥ ߅ ‫ޔ‬ੑ ඙ ߢ ߪ Ფ ᐕ ߩ ౎ ᦬ 〭 ࠅ ߢ ߎ ߩ ᱌ ⹖ 㓸 ߦ ෼ ㍳ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ  ᦛ ࠍߔߴߡເ޿ಾࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߦߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ଥࠅࠍ᳿߼ߡເߞߚᦛࠍ࠴ࠚ
࠶ࠢߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁‫ࠆࠇ⸰ޕ‬ኅߏߣߦᔅߕເࠊߥߌࠇ߫޿ߌߥ޿࠙࠲
߽޽ࠅ‫ߦ᥅৻߼ߚߩߘޔ‬࿁ࠆኅߪ  イߣ᳿߼ߡ޿ࠆߘ߁ߛ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ〭ࠅߩෳട⠪ࠍჇ߿ߔߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬એ೨ߪೋᔃ⠪ࠍኈᤃߦ〭ࠅߩベ

165ߦട߃ߥ߆ߞߚ࿾඙ߢ߽‫ߪߢ߹޿ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦടࠊࠆࠃ߁൘߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߩᢙߪ࿾඙ߦࠃߞߡ߹ߜ߹ߜߢ޽ࠅ‫߫߃ߣߚޔ‬ੑ඙ߩࠃ߁ߦ㓸⪭ߢ߽ߞߣ߽ੱญߩᄙ޿࿾඙ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼઁߩ඙ࠃࠅෳട⠪߇ᄙߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐕ㦂᭴ᚑ߽ߘࠇߙࠇ․⦡߇޽ࠆ‫৻ޔ߫߃ߣߚޕ‬඙ߪᲧセ⊛㜞㦂⠪߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ੑ඙ߪਛᐕጀ߇ਛᔃߢሶଏߩᢙ߽ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ਃ඙ߪᲧセ⊛⧯޿ੱ߇ᄙ
ߊ‫ޔ‬ሶଏ߽ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߩߥ߆ߢฦ඙ߦ౒ㅢߒߡ᳇ߦߥߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ㜞↢ߩᆫߩਲߒߐߢ޽ ߞ ߚ ‫ ߩ ߎޔ ߽ ߣ ߞ ߽ޕ‬ᄢ ═ ೑ 㓸 ⪭ ߦ ߪ‫ ߴ ࠄ ࠊ ޟ‬ፉ ເ ࠢ ࡜ ࡉ ‫ޔ ߁ ޿ ߣޠ‬ሶଏߚߜߦࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍવᛚߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⚿ᚑߐࠇߚ⚵❱߇޽ࠅ ‫ޔ‬ዊ ቇ ↢ ߆ ࠄ 㜞 ᩞ ↢ ߹ ߢ  ฬ ㄭ ޿ ࡔ ࡦ ࡃ ࡯ ߇ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ࠍ ઍ ⴫ ߔ ࠆ⧯ᚻເ⠪ߢ޽ࠆਛ᧛ℰᏗ᳁߿ศේ߹ࠅ߆᳁ࠍ⢒ߡߚߎߣ߆ࠄ߽ಽ߆ࠆࠃ ߁ ߦ ‫ޔ‬ᰴ ਎ ઍ ߳ ߩ ࠪ ࡑ ࠙ ࠲ ߩ વ ᛚ ߦ ߪ ታ ❣ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬⡞ ߊ ߣ ߎ ࠈ ߢ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ߎߩࠢ࡜ࡉߢ߽ࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߩߺߥࠄߕ౎᦬〭ࠅ࠙࠲߽✵⠌ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ ‫ ߚ ߒ ߁ ߎޕ‬࿾ ㆏ ߥ ദ ജ ߇ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ታ ࠍ ⚿ ߱ ߆ ‫ ੹ޔ‬ᓟ ࠍ ᦼ ᓙ ߒ ߚ ޿ ‫ ޕ‬߅ࠊࠅߦ એ਄‫◲ߊߏޔ‬නߦࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߣ౎᦬〭ࠅߩવᛚߩ⃻⁁ࠍ᭎ⷰߒߚ‫ߘޕ‬ߩ߁ߜࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬વᛚߘߩ߽ߩߦኻߔࠆਇ቟ߪ߹ߞߚߊ⡞߆ࠇߕ‫⹤ޔ‬㗴ߪ੹ᓟߤߩࠃ߁ߥ࠙࠲ࠍવᛚߔߴ߈߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦ⚳ᆎߒߚ‫ߡߒࠍ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޕ‬ᗧᄖߛߞߚߩߪ‫ߩࡦ࡜࠹ࡌޔ‬ເ⠪ߢߐ߃ࠪࡑ࠙࠲߇㓸⪭㧔ࠪࡑ㧕ߩ࠙࠲ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ⼂ࠍ޽߹ࠅ߽ߚߕ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄ⥄り߇ߔߢߦࠪࡑ࠙࠲߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬ፉເ‫߁޿ߣ߳ޠ‬ォ឵߇ᆎ߹ߞߚᤨઍߦ࠙
࠲ࠍᆎ߼ߚߎߣߛߞߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫޿⧯ޔ‬਎ઍߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽╩⠪߇ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ࡯ࠍߒߚເ⠪ߦߪ‫ࡊ࠶ࡐޔ‬ᔒะߥߤߪߥߊ‫ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬ᤄߥ߇ࠄߩࠪࡑ࠙࠲ࠍ⌀㕙⋡ߦເߞߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣ޿߁ჿ߇⡞߆ࠇߚ‫࠹ࡌޕ‬࡜ࡦߩເ⠪߆ࠄߪࠦࡦࠢ࡯࡞ൻߒߚࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್߽ᄙ߆ߞߚ
߇‫ߪࠇߘޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽ߘ߁ߒߚ࠙࠲ߩุቯߢߪߥߊ‫߇࠲࠙ࡑࠪࠈߒ߻ޔ‬৻రൻߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩෂᗋߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ߚ‫␠ޕ‬ળߦ߅ߌࠆ⹺⍮ᐲ߇ᩰᲑߦ਄߇ߞߚ޿߹‫ߪ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔ‬વ⛔ߣᣂߒߐߩ㑆ߢំࠇേ޿ߡ޿ࠆ
ࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ߣ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔߪߢࠅ〭᦬౎ޔ‬㆑ߞߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬વᛚߘߩ߽ߩࠍෂ߱
߻ჿ߇⡞߆ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ߩ㓸⪭ߩߥ߆ߦߪ‫߿ߪ߽ޔ‬૑᳃߇౎᦬〭ࠅ࠙࠲ࠍເ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߕ‫ޔ‬㍳㖸ߐࠇߚ࠙࠲ߦวࠊߖߡߚߛ〭ࠆߛߌߣ ޿ ߁ 㓸 ⪭ ߽ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߥ ޿ ‫ ߦ ⥸ ৻ޕ‬વ ⛔ ⴕ ੐ ߪ ‫ ␠ޔ‬ળ ᭴ ㅧ ߇ ᄌ ൻ ߒ ߡ ੱ ‫ޘ‬ߩᗧ⼂߇ᄌࠊࠇ߫ߘߩᔅὼᕈ߇⷗ᄬࠊࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ሽ⛯ߦߪᣂߚߥᗧ๧ߩ

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ᮨ⚝߇ਇนᰳߦߥࠆ߇‫߽ࠅ〭᦬౎ޔ‬ห᭽ߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬㓸࿅߇ၮᧄߣߥࠆ౎
᦬〭ࠅߩ႐ว‫ߦ߁ࠃߩ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔ‬୘ੱߩ⥄↱ߦ߹߆ߖࠆࠊߌߦ߽޿߆
ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᄢ═೑㓸⪭ߩ႐วߦ߽‫⴫ޔ‬㕙਄ߪᄢᄌߦᵴ᳇߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃
ߚ߇‫ߩࠅ〭ߪߦⵣߩߘޔ‬ሽ⛯ߦะߌߚᄙߊߩ૑᳃ߩദജ߇޽ߞߚ‫ࠪޕ‬ࡑ࠙࠲ߦᲧߴߡߪࠆ߆ߦญᛚᕈ߇ᒝ޿౎᦬〭ࠅ࠙࠲ߩવᛚߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᭉⷰࠍ⸵ߐߥ޿ⷐ⚛߇ᄙߊ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦࠪࡑࠣ࠴ߦߟ޿ߡ⸅ࠇߚ޿‫ࡦ࡜࠹ࡌߦߢߔޕ‬ເ⠪ߩᜰ៰ߦ߽
޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ߩߤߥ࡞࡯ࠢࡦࠦ߹޿ߪ࠲࠙ࡑࠪޔ‬ᓇ㗀ߢᣓᓞᧄ૏ߩᣇ
ะߦᄢ߈ߊ௑ᢳߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ࠴ࠣࡑࠪޔߢ߆ߥߚߒ߁ߘޕ‬㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒ‫ߩ߫ߣߎࠆߌ߅ߦ࠲࠙ޔ‬㝯ജࠍขࠅᚯߘ߁ߣ޿߁ჿ߽ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ
޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᤄߥ߇ࠄߩ᱌ដߌࠍౣ⹏ଔߔߴߊ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤ߢ⊒⿷ߒߚ‫ޟ‬ᄶ⟤᱌ដߌᢥൻ଻ሽળ‫ߩߎߪޠ‬௑ะࠍ⽎ᓽߔࠆ߽ߩߛߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬߽ߜࠈࠎ‫ߩ߫ߣߎޔ‬໧㗴ߪ৻╭✽ߢߪ޿߆ߕ‫ߦߋߔ߽ߺ⹜ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᚑᨐ߇⃻ࠇࠆ߽ߩߣߪᕁ߃ߥ޿‫╬ߢ߆ߥߩࡓ࡯ࡉޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㑄ⷞߐࠇߡ߈ߚࠪࡑࠣ࠴ߦశ߇ᒰߡࠄࠇߚߎߣߩᗧ⟵ߪᄢ߈ߊ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ᯏߦߎࠇ߹ߢ೎‫ߦޘ‬⠨߃ࠄࠇ߇ߜߢ޽ߞߚࠪࡑ࠙࠲ߣ౎᦬〭ࠅߩવᛚ߇‫ࠪޔ‬ࡑࠣ࠴ߣ޿߁౒ㅢߩ࿯ୈߩ਄ߢ⷗⋥ߐࠇࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᦼᓙ߽
ᛴ߆ߖࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ߩ࠲࠙ޔ‬વᛚ߇ፉญᢎቶ߿ፉญᄢળߣߩ㑐ㅪߢ⺆ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅᓧࠃ߁‫ޕ‬㖸ᭉߩ㝯ജ߆ࠄߎߣ߫ߩ㝯ജ߳‫߇ࠇߎޔ‬ᄶ⟤᳃⻦ߩવᛚߩᣂߚߥ⺖㗴ߣ⸒߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬



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ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ߅ࠃ߮ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ߦ㑐ߔࠆᲧセ⎇ⓥ
⷏᧛ ᣿࡮᪀ේ ቄ㓶࡮የፒ ቁብ㣮ఽፉᄢቇᴺᢥቇㇱ

Comparative Studies of Bullfights in Okinawa, Tokunoshima,
and Uwajima
NISHIMURA Akira, KUWAHARA Sueo, OZAKI Takahiro
Faculty of Law, Economics and Humanities, Kagoshima University.
ⷐᣦᧄⓂߪ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩ౒ห⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޟ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ޠ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޘ‬㧔㧕 ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆੱᢥ࡮␠ળಽ㊁⎇ⓥ‫ࠕ᧲ޟ‬ࠫࠕᴪᶏ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㑵‐ࠍ߼ߋࠆࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᒻᚑߩ⃻⁁‫ޠ‬㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬㑵‐ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫⸥⴫ߣޠ‬㧕ߩೋᐕᐲߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫ࠆ޽ߢߟ৻ߩޠޘ‬ᓼਯፉߪ㑵‐ߩፉߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߦ㒢ࠄߕᣣᧄฦ࿾ߦὐ࿷ߔࠆ㑵‐ߪᣢߦ޿ߊߟ߆ߩಽ㊁ߢ⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐕ  ᦬ߩᣂẟ⋵ਛ⿧࿾㔡ߢⵍἴߒߚ‐߇ᓼਯፉߦㆱ㔍ߒߡ⃻࿾ߩ㑵‐ᄢળߦෳടߒߚߣ޿߁੐ታ 㧔㧕 ߆ࠄ߽ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ߩਥ௅⠪࿅૕࡮ෳട⠪࡮‐ߩ޿ߕࠇߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ߽୘೎࿾ὐߩ▸࿐ࠍ⿥߃ߚᐢၞ⊛ߥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍᒻᚑ
ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩ⋡ߩ✂ߩߎޔ‬ਛࠍੱ࡮‐࡮ᖱႎ߇ᓔ᧪ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇੍᷹ߐࠇࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ߎ߁ߒߚࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆߪ‫╬ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬㑄ⷞߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ‫ޟ‬㑵‐ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ޔߪߢޠ‬㑵‐ߣ޿߁ᢥൻࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ࠍᇦ੺ߦߒߚࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᒻᚑߩ⃻⁁ಽᨆ߆ࠄ‫࠽ࠪ᧲ޔ‬ᶏࠍਛᔃߦᣣᧄᶏ࡮ᄥᐔᵗߩ৻ㇱ߽฽߻᧲ࠕࠫࠕᴪᶏ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻࠗࡌࡦ࠻ࠍὶὐߣߒߚ࿾ၞ㑆੤ᵹߩน⢻ᕈࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆ 㧔 㧕‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߢ‫ᧄޔ‬ᐕᐲߪධ⷏⻉ፉߩ㑵‐ߩੑᄢਛᔃ࿾ߢ޽ࠆᴒ✽࡮ᓼਯፉߣ‫ޔ‬Ყセኻᾖߣߒߡߩቝ๺ፉ‫ߩ‐੿ޔ‬ଏ⛎࿾ߢ޽ࠆ౎㊀ጊߩ  ࿾ὐߢߩ⃻࿾⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᴒ✽ߦ߅ߌࠆ੍஻⺞ᩏߦߪ‫ޔ‬የፒߣ⷏᧛߇ෳടߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߦᴒ✽Ꮢ༡㑵‐႐ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ㑵‐ᄢળࠍ⺞ᩏߒߚ‫ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߣᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ᄢળߩ⺞ᩏߪ‫  ߦ߽ߣޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬ ᣣߣ㐿௅ᣣ
߇㊀ߥߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬የፒߣ᪀ේ߇ᓼਯፉߢ‫߇᧛⷏ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߢ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆ㑵‐ᄢળࠍಽᜂߒߡ⺞ᩏߒߚ‫౎ޕ‬㊀ጊ⺞ᩏߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㨪 ᣣߩ  ᣣ㑆‫ޔ‬⍹၂ፉߣ

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㤥ፉߩ  ▎ᚲߢየፒ‫ޔ᧛⷏ޔ‬᪀ේߩ  ੱߢ౒หߒߡⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫੍޿ߒ⹦ߦߢߔޔ‬஻⺞ᩏႎ๔ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚߩߢ㨇የፒ࡮᪀ේ࡮
⷏᧛㨉‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ  ߟߩ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㑵‐ᄢળࠍᲧセߒߡ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐓߩ⠨ኤࠍട߃ߚ޿‫౎ޔ߅ߥޕ‬㊀ጊߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬㑵‐㐿௅࿾ߣ޿߁ࠃ
ࠅߪ㑵‐‐ߩ↢↥࿾޽ࠆ޿ߪଏ⛎࿾ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ᧄޔ‬ⓂߩᲧセ⎇ⓥߢߪขࠅ਄
ߍߕ‫ޔ‬೎Ⓜߢ⹦ߒ޿⺞ᩏႎ๔ࠍḰ஻ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ߦ㑐ߔࠆవⴕ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬የፒ߇਄⸥ߩ੍஻⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠߢ⹦ㅀ
ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ᧄޔ‬Ⓜߢߪߏߊ◲නߥ⚫੺ߦ⇐߼ߚ޿‫ޕ‬㑵‐⎇ⓥߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߣቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ઁߩ࿾ၞࠃࠅ߽ᢙ⊛ߦᄙߊ‫ޔ‬Ყセ⊛⎇ⓥ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߪ᳃ଶቇ⠪ߣࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ⁛ს႐ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߪ᳃ଶቇߦട߃ੱ㘃ቇ߿࿾ℂቇߥߤ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩኾ㐷ಽ㊁ߩ᏷߇ᐢ޿ߩ߇․ᓽߢ޽
ࠆ‫⎇ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ⓥߪ✚ߓߡ‫ⴕࠆ޽ޔ‬੐ࠍㅢߓߡ࿾ၞ౒ห૕ࠍᶋ߆߮਄߇ࠄߖࠆߣ
޿߁௑ะ߇ᒝߊ‫ޟޔ‬㑵‐ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫⋡߇ޠ‬ᜰߔਥ௅⠪࿅૕࡮ෳട⠪࡮‐߇ᒻᚑߔࠆᐢၞ⊛ߥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߪ‫⌕ߤࠎߣ߶ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᚻߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪ‫ߩ⺰ᧄޔ‬Ყセߩ೨ឭߣߒߡ‫ޔߕ߹ޔ‬ᤓᐕ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ ߟߩ࿾ၞߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ㑵‐ᄢળߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⾗ᢱࠍ⚫੺ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬਄ߢ⠨ኤࠍㅴ߼ߚ޿‫⺞ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᩏߩ⹦ߒ޿ౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏႎ๔ᦠߦ߹ߣ߼ߡ⊒⴫ߒߡ޽ࠆߩߢ‫ߢ⺰ᧄޔߪߢߎߎޔ‬ዷ㐿ߔࠆᲧセ⠨ኤߦᔅⷐߥ੐ታߩ⸥ㅀߦ⇐߼ࠆߎߣߦߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬
Abstract
This study focuses on the bullfight as a cultural event, and aims to show thepossibility of regional cultural exchange in East Asia through bullfighting in Okinawa,
Tokunoshima in Kagoshima Prefecture, and Uwajima in Ehime Prefecture.
Though the bullfight existed in isolation in each region in the past, this study showsthat actually the above three regions are connected dynamically with each other throughthe exchange of men, bulls and information about bullfighting. Furthermore we showthat there exists a culture of bullfighting.
Today in Japan, the bullfight is seen mainly in rural areas such as remote islands,
isolated districts and farming villages, which are often characterized as backward andperipheral regions. However people in these regions today are very active in exchangeof men, cattle, and information with each other, and even organize an ‘internationalbullfight summit’ every year. This phenomenon cannot be understood within a simple
dichotomy of center-periphery or advanced urban against backward country. Rather it isan example of regional cultural interaction in the information age.

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Keywords: Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Uwajima, bullfight culture, regional exchange.

ᴒ✽ߩ㑵‐ᄢળ ᐕ᦬ᣣ㧔ᣣ㧕‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽Ꮢ༡㑵‐႐ߢ⢫ደ㑵‐⚵วߣ℄⃿ᣂႎ␠߇౒௅ߒ
ߡ㑵‐ᄢળ߇㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉߪ‫ޔ‬Ფㅳߩࠃ߁ߦߤߎ߆ߢ㑵‐ᄢળ߇߅ߎߥ
ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ߶ߤ‫ޔ‬㑵‐߇⋓ࠎߥ႐ᚲߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐕߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᐕ㑆ߩᄢળ
߇⚵߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
㑵‐႐ߩ౉ญߦߪ౉႐ฃઃߩ࠹ࡦ࠻߇⸳༡ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ජ౞ߢ౉႐೛ࠍ⾼౉ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᒰᣣߩขࠅ⚵ߺ⴫ߣ‫੍ߦ߆߶ߩߘޔ‬ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㑵‐ᄢળߩ੍๔ขࠅ⚵ߺ⴫߇ᚻᷰߐࠇࠆ‫౉ޕ‬ญઃㄭߦߪ߶߆ߦ㘶㘩‛߿ࡆ࠺ࠝ⽼ᄁߩ಴ᐫ߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ળ႐ߦ౉ࠆ
ߣ⹜ว㐿ᆎ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬႐ౝ᡼ㅍߢᓼਯፉ㑵‐ߩߎߣࠍເߞߚ‫ࠅ➅߇ޠ▵࠼ࠗࡢޟ‬㄰ߒᵹࠇߡ‫ޔ‬㔓࿐᳇ࠍ⋓ࠅ਄ߍߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ળ႐ߪ‫⋥ޔ‬ᓘ߅ࠃߘࡔ࡯࠻࡞ߩ࿯ୈߩ๟ࠅࠍ㨙߶ߤߩ㜞ߐߩ࿯ᚻ߇࿐ߺ‫ޔ‬࿯ᚻߩ਄ߦߪ㋕ࡄࠗࡊ⵾ߩᩋ߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᩋ߆ࠄᄖߪቴᏨㇱಽߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬㓏Ბ⁁ߩࠦࡦࠢ࡝࡯࠻૞ࠅߩ᫹ሶᏨ߇Ბߩ㜞ߐ߹ߢ޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬࿯ୈࠍߋࠆࠅߣขࠅ
࿐߻‫ޕ‬ᴒ✽Ꮢ༡㑵‐႐ߪᦨᄢߢජੱ෼ኈߢ߈‫ޔ‬ᄢળᒰᣣߪ‫ޔ‬ਛ㜞ᐕጀߩ↵ᕈࠍਛᔃߣߒߥ߇ࠄ߽‫޿⧯ޔ‬ᅚᕈࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߿ࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞‫ޔ‬ዊቇ↢ߥߤ߽߅ࠅ‫☨ޔ‬ァߩᴒ✽ၮ࿾㑐ଥ⠪ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆᢙੱߩ᰷☨ੱ↵ᅚߩᆫ߽⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 㑵‐႐ߩ౉႐ญߩะ߆޿஥ߦߪᧄㇱᏨ߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ߣมળㅴⴕᓎ
߇ᐳࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄢဳߩࡆ࠺ࠝࠞࡔ࡜߇㧞บ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬ቴᏨᦨ೨೉ߩ೎ⷺᐲߦ㒯ขࠅ‫ޔ‬࿯ୈߩ᭽ሶࠍ⁓ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቴᏨߩᄖ஥ߦߪ‫⸳࡯࠲ࠗ࠽ޔ‬஻߽ၮ⸳⟎ߒߡ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ყセ⊛ᶭߒ޿᦬ᧃ߆ࠄ᦬㗃߹ߢߪᱜඦ޽ࠆ޿ߪඦᓟᤨߦ㐿ᆎߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᣣᏅߒߩ߈ߟ޿ᄐ႐ߪඦᓟᤨ߿ᤨߣ޿ߞߚㆃ޿ᤨ㑆ߦ㐿ᆎߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ળ႐ߩᄖߦߪ‫ޔ‬಴⇟ࠍᓙᯏߔࠆ‐ߩߚ߼ߩ⚦㐳޿‐⥢߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫৻ޔ‬㗡ߕߟოߢ઀ಾࠄ
ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬೨㕙ߩოߦߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ‐ߩฬ೨ࠍᦠ޿ߚ⚕߇⾍ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㐿ᆎಽ೨ߦߪ‫ߩ‐ޔ‬Ḱ஻ࠍ๭߮߆ߌࠆࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬ߇޽ࠅ‫‐ޔ‬ਥߩฬ೨߿‐ߩ૕㊀‫ޔ‬಴り࿾‫ޔ‬ᚢᱧߥߤߩᖱႎ߇ળ႐ߦવ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ᤨޕ‬㑆ߦߥࠆߣߘࠇߙࠇߩ‐߇㨪ฬߩ൓ሶߣߣ߽ߦ౉႐ญ߆ࠄ㗅⇟ߦ౉႐ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍⴕ߁‐ߪየߩవߦ⚃ߣ⊕ߩߪߜ߹߈ࠍᏎ޿ߡ⼂೎ࠍⴕ߁‫ߪߦ‐ޕ‬㥦߽߭߇ㅢߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫‐ޔ‬ห჻߇㗡ࠍวࠊߖߡൎ⽶߇ᆎ߹ࠆߣ‫ޕࠆࠇߐߕߪߊ߿߫ߔޔ‬ ขࠅ⚵ߺਛ‫ޔ‬൓ሶߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ஥߆ࠄੱߕߟ‐ߩᏀ஥ߦ┙ߜ‫ޔ‬ჿߣฝᚻߩߒ
ߋߐߢ‐ߦᜰ␜ࠍ಴ߔ‫ޕ‬᡹߼ࠍଦߔߣ߈ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ដߌჿࠍᒛࠅ਄ߍߟߟ‫ߩ‐ޔ‬㗻ߩㄭߊߢฝᚻࠍਅ߆ࠄ਄ߦỗߒߊേ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ฝ⿷ߢ࿾㕙ࠍ૗ᐲ߽〯ߺ㡆ࠄߔ‫ޕ‬ൎ೑ߒ

170

ߚ‐ߩⷺߦߪ‫ޔ‬൓ሶ߇⥄ಽߩ࠲ࠝ࡞ߥߤࠍߊߊࠅߟߌࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬⢛ਛߦߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ㇱᏨ߆ࠄᚻᷰߐࠇߚൻ♆߹ࠊߒ߇ដߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛߦߪ‫ޔ‬ሶଏࠍ‐ߩ⢛ਛߦਸ਼ߖߡൎ
ߤ߈ࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ࠆ㘑᥊߽⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ⹜วߩว㑆ߦᧄㇱᏨ߆ࠄ႐ౝ᡼ㅍߢ‫ޔ‬㊄ຠߩነ⿅⠪ฬ߇๔ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᮮ✁ᚢߩ‫ޟ‬ఝൎ‫ޔߦ߆߶ߩޠ‬ൎ⠪ߩਛ߆ࠄ․೎ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ⾨ߦߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᱶൟ⾨‫ޟޠ‬ᢓ㑵⾨‫ޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᛛ⢻⾨‫․ޟޠ‬೎⾨‫ޕߚߞ޽߇ޠ‬⠉ᣣઃߩ‫⃿℄ޡ‬ᣂႎ‫ޡߣޢ‬ᴒ✽࠲ࠗࡓࠬ‫ᦺߩޢ‬ೀߩ‫ޟ‬Ꮢ↸᧛‫ޠ‬㕙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢળߩ⚿ᨐ߇౮⌀ߣᤊข⴫౉ࠅߢᄢ߈ߊឝタߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᮮ✁ᚢߩൎ೑‐ߦដߌࠄࠇࠆൻ♆߹ࠊߒߦ߽ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޟ‬ఝൎ℄⃿ᣂႎ␠‫߆ᦠߣޠ‬ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾రᣂ⡞߇‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉ࿾ၞߩ㑵‐ᄢળߩ㐿௅ࠍᡰ߃ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇߁߆
߇߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ⴫ߦ‐ߩ↥࿾߇᣿⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ߡ‫ߥ߁ࠃࠆ߃⿥ࠍࡦ࠻ޔ‬ᮮ✁ࠢ࡜ࠬߩ
ᄢဳ‐ߪ‫ޔ‬ጤᚻ↥߇⋡┙ߞߡ޿ߚ‫ోޔߪߣ޽ޕ‬૕ߦᓼਯፉ↥ߩ‐ߩᲧ₸߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉ↥࡮ਈ㇊࿖↥ߪ㧝㗡ߕߟߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽ᴒ✽㑵‐ో૕ߩ௑ะߢߪߥ޿‫․ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᓽ⊛ߥߎߣߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩൎ೑‐ࠍᴒ✽ߦ࠻࡟࡯࠼
ߒߡ߈ߚ଀߇ᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ࠄ߆ߎߎޕ‬ᓼਯፉߣᴒ✽ߣߩ޽޿ߛߦߪ㗫❥ߥ੤ᵹ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ᄢળ‫ޟ‬ቝ๺ፉ㑵‐ᄢળ⑺႐ᚲቯᦼᄢળ‫ޠ‬㧔ਥ௅ቝ๺ፉᏒⷰశදળ‫ޔ‬ਥ▤ቝ๺ፉ㑵‐ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ㧕ߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ㧔ᣣ㧕ߩᱜඦ߆ࠄਣጊ౏࿦ౝߩቝ๺ፉᏒ
༡㑵‐႐ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉ㚞߆ࠄߪࠪࡖ࠻࡞ࡃࠬ߇ⷰశቴࠍࡇࠬ࠻ࡦャㅍߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ળ႐ߪ  ⷺᒻߩ࠼࡯ࡓဳߢ㔎ᄤߢ߽㐿௅ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⓹ޕ‬ญߢ⽼ᄁߒߡ޿ࠆ࠴ࠤ࠶࠻ߪ  ජ౞ߢ‫ޔ‬ਛߦߪ޿ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬႐ౝߪ‫ޟ‬ቝ๺ፉ㖸㗡‫߇ޠ‬ᵹࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ࠅߔޕ‬㋬⁁ߩ႐ౝߩਛᔃߦ࿯ୈ߇޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬๟ࠅࠍ㋕⵾ߩᩋ߇࿐߻ࠬ
࠲ࠗ࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ߿ᴒ✽ߣหߓߛ߇‫ޔ‬ᩋߩᮮ᫔ߪ┻ߢߢ߈ߡ߅ࠅ㧔┻⍫᧪㧕‫‐ޔ‬ࠍ்߼ߥ޿ߚ߼ߩ㈩ᘦߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁‫౉ߩ‐ߚ߹ޕ‬႐ญߪᏀฝ㧞▎ᚲߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ኻᚢ
ߔࠆ‐߇෺ᣇ߆ࠄ౉ߞߡߊࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ߿ᴒ✽ߩ㑵‐႐ߣߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬࿯ୈߣቴᏨߩ޽޿ߛߦߪ‫ࡦࡑ࡜ࡔࠞޔ‬ኾ↪ߩ᏷⚂  ࡔ࡯࠻࡞ߩⓨ㑆߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᴒ✽ห᭽‫ޔ‬ળ႐ߩᄖߦ‐⥢߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߪࠄߜߎޔ‬઀ಾࠅߩოߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬಴႐ࠍᓙᯏߔࠆ‐ߪ৻ቯߩ㑆㓒ࠍ߅޿ߡߟߥ߇ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ቴᏨߪ‫ޔ‬࿯ୈࠍขࠅ࿐߻㓏Ბ⁁ߩᐳᏨ߇  Ბ⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ᦨࠄ߆ੱ ޔ‬ᄢߢ ੱ߹ߢ෼ኈน⢻ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቴጀߪ  ઍએ਄ߩ↵ᕈ߇ਛᔃߢ‫ޔ‬㨪 ഀࠍභ߼ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬หᐕઍߩᅚᕈߩᆫ߿ዊቇ↢೨ᓟߩሶଏㅪࠇߩኅᣖ‫ ޔ‬ઍ߆ࠄ  ઍߩ⧯⠪ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮ࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞ߥߤ߽⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᄢᣇߪⶄᢙߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊቴ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㗻⷗

171⍮ࠅห჻߇วᵹߒߚ㓸࿅ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ળ႐ౝߩ৻ⷺߪㄭߊߩዊቇᩞߩߚ߼ߩ੍⚂Ꮸߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ዊቇ↢ߣ଻⼔⠪߇⷗ቇߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ᱜඦߦߥࠆߣขࠅ⚵ߺߦవ┙ߞߡ‫ⷰޔ‬శදળߩઍ⴫ߣߒߡᏒ㐳߇᜿ᜦߒ‫޿⛯ޔ‬ߡㆇ༡ᆔຬળߩળ㐳ߩ᜿ᜦ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ꮢ㐳ߩ᜿ᜦߢߪ‫ޔ‬ዊቇ↢ߚߜߦะ߆ߞߡ‫ޔ‬⧯޿߁ߜ߆ࠄ㑵‐ߦᘠࠇⷫߒߺ‫ޔ‬዁᧪ߩ㑵‐ᢥൻߩᜂ޿ᚻߦߥࠆࠃ߁๭߮߆ߌߡ
޿ߚ‫ޕ‬
 ๭߮಴ߒߩᓟ‫౉߇‐ޔ‬႐ߒߡߊࠆ㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㅴァ࡜࠶ࡄ࡮ᄥ㥏࡮ᜰ╍ߥߤߩ㡆ࠅ‛߇૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔߪࠇߎޔ‬ᓼਯፉ߿ᴒ✽߆ࠄ‐ࠍ⾼౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᄁਥ㑐ଥ⠪߇ᔕេߦߊࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߚ߼ߛߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߣขࠅ⚵ߺߩว㑆ߦ࠴ࡖࡦࡇࠝࡦ‐ߩ‫ޟ‬࿯ୈ౉ࠅ‫ޔ߽ߩ߁ⴕࠍޠ‬ቝ๺ፉ㑵‐ߩ․ᓽߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‐ߪ⽕ᅍߥൻ♆߹ࠊߒ߿⚃⊕ߩᏪࠍߟߌߡ࿯ୈౝࠍ┻⍫᧪ߦߘߞߡ✵ࠅᱠߊ‫ߘޕ‬ߩ㓙‫ޔ‬ఝൎᣛ߿ᐇᣛࠍ߽ߞߚੱ‫߇ޘ‬㓐ⴕߔࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴒ✽ห᭽‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍ
ⴕ߁‐ߦߪየߩઃߌᩮߩߣߎࠈߦ⚃ߣ⊕ߩ⍴޿ߪߜ߹߈ࠍᏎ޿ߡ⼂೎߇ⴕࠊࠇ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ⷰޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬శൻߐࠇࠆએ೨ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬႐ᚲߦ߅቞ࠅࠍߊߊࠅߟߌߡ޿ߚߣ
޿߁‫ޕ‬‐ߩⷺߦ㑐ߒߡ޿߃߫‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬਄ะ߈ߩⷺ߇ᅢ߹ࠇ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬ᒻߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ੿‐ߩߎࠈ߆ࠄ‫ⷺޟ‬૞ࠅ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕߚࠇࠊⴕ߇ޠ‬ᄶ⟤࡮ᴒ✽߆ࠄ᧪ࠆ‐ߪ‫ߩⷺߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬⍶ᱜ߇ߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫߇ⷺޔ‬ᮮࠍะ޿ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᮮ߆ࠄᢜߩ‐ߩ⡊ߩᓟࠈࠍ᡹߼ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ኻᚢߩ઀ᣇ߿൓ሶߩࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦ߹ߢᄌൻࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ᄢળߩ‐⚫੺ߩࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽㧔ᧄፉ࡮౎㊀ጊ㧕↥߿ᓼਯፉ↥ߩ‐߇ᄙߊ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ਛߦߪ㓝ጘ↥ߩ‐߽ሽ࿷ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ᄢળ ᓼਯፉߢߪᲤᐕ  ᦬‫ߦ᦬ ޔ᦬ ޔ‬ᮮ✁ࠍ᳿߼ࠆ‫ోޟ‬ፉ৻ఝൎᣛ੎ᅓᚢ‫ޠ‬㑵‐ᄢળ߇㐿௅ߐࠇࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᐕߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣߣ  ᣣߩਔᣣߦ೨ᄛ⑂ߣోፉ৻
ࠍ᳿߼ࠆ  ߟߩ㑵‐ᄢળ߇ߘࠇߙࠇદ઄↸ߣᄤၔ↸ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᮮ✁᳿ቯᚢߣ
߽޿߃ࠆ㊀ⷐߥᄢળߩߚ߼߆‫ࠅ߅߈ߣޔ‬㆏〝ᴪ޿ߩደᢝߩ㐷೨ߦߪ‫ోޔ‬ፉ৻㑵‐ᄢળߩ಴႐‐ߩᐇ߇┙ߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߇⷗߃ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㑵‐ᄢળߩ᩺ౝࠍᵹߒߥ߇ࠄㅢ
ࠅㆊ߉ࠆትવࠞ࡯߽⷗ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬㔓࿐᳇ࠍ⋓ࠅ਄ߍߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ દ઄↸߽ᄤၔ↸߽‫ޔ‬㑵‐႐ߩ౉ࠅญ೨ߩฃઃߩ࠹ࡦ࠻ߢ  ౞ߩ౉႐೛ߣኻ
ᚢ⴫߇ශ೚ߐࠇߚ৻ᨎߩࠞ࡜࡯ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍฃߌขࠅ‫޿ߥ߆ߒߟ৻ޔ‬ᱜ㕙ߩ౉ࠅญ߆ࠄ㑵‐႐ߩਛ߳౉ߞߚ‫⋥ޕ‬ᓘ  ࡔ࡯࠻࡞߶ߤߩ࿯ୈࠍ㋕ᩋ߇ขࠅ࿐ߺ‫ߘޔ‬ߩᄖ஥ߦߔࠅ㋬⁁ߦ㓏ᲑᏨ߇ขࠅᏎߊ‫ޕ‬㐿ᆎᤨ㑆ߪ‫ޔ‬દ઄↸߇ඦᓟ  ᤨߢ‫ޔ‬ᄤၔ172↸߇ඦ೨  ᤨߣ⇣ߥߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬႐ౝߪ߅㚔ᨴߺߩፉເ‫ߩޠ▵࠼ࠗࡢޟ‬㖸ᭉ߇ᵹࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ቴጀߪਛᐕએ਄ߩ↵ㅪࠇ߇৻⇟ᄙߊ⋡ߦઃ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ዊߐߥሶ߆ࠄ㜞ᩞ↢޽ߚࠅ߹ߢߩሶଏߚߜ߿ᅚᕈ߽ᄙߊ⷗ฃߌࠄࠇߚ‫ⷰޕ‬ቴߩ߶ߣࠎߤߪ࿾ర᳃ߢ޽ࠆߎ
ߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ᄤၔ↸ߩోፉ৻᳿ቯᚢߦߪᄶ⟤ᄢፉ߆ࠄߩ࠷ࠕ࡯ቴߩ৻ⴕ
߽ⷰᚢߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬႐ౝࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬߢࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ⹜ว߇ᆎ߹ࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㑵‐߇৻㗡ߕߟ⧎㆏߆ࠄࡢࠗ࠼‫ྭߩ࠼ࠗࡢޔ‬ሶߣᄥ㥏ߦవዉߐࠇߡ౉႐ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬᥉ㅢ‫ޔ‬ข⚵ߪ  ᚢ޽ࠅ‫ߦ⷏᧲ޔ‬ಽ߆ࠇߡ⇟ઃߩૐ޿ᣇ߆ࠄ㗅ߦ‫ޔ‬ኽಾࠅ‫⧯ޔ‬ᚻ․⇟‫⧎ޔ‬ᒻ‫ޔ⇟․ޔ‬ዊ⚿‫ޔ⇟․ޔ‬㑐⣁‫ޔ‬ᄢ㑐‫ޔ‬ᮮ✁㧔ఝൎᣛ੎ᅓᚢ㧕ߩ㗅ߢᚢࠊࠇࠆ‫‐ࠄ⥄ޕ‬ਥߢ߽޽ࠆદ઄↸ߩ↵ᕈߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ‐ߩᄙߊߪ౎㊀ጊ‐ߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⹜ว㐿ᆎ೨ߦ‫ޔ‬࿯ୈਛᄩߢ‫ޔ‬Ⴎߣ὾㈪ߢ࿯ୈࠍᵺ߼ࠆ◲නߥ௾ᑼ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬⹜ว㐿ᆎᓟߩ௾␞ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ኻᚢߩว㑆ߦߪㅢ଀‫ޔ‬ਥ௅⠪ઍ⴫ߦࠃࠆ᜿ᜦ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣࠅࠊߌోፉ৻ᄢળߣ߽ߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ኻᚢߩㅜਛ‫ޔ‬႐ౝࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬߢ‫ޔ‬࿾ర಴りߩⴐ⼏㒮⼏ຬ߆ࠄߩ␸㔚ߩᛲ㔺߿ࠬࡐࡦࠨ࡯ߩ࡟ࠬ࠻࡜ࡦߩትવ߿ࠬࡐ࡯࠷ࠢ࡜ࡉ
ߩ᩺ౝߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬ఝൎᣛߩ㄰⚊ߩ௾ᑼߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ㑵‐ㅪวળ㐳ߩ᜿ᜦ߿‫ߢ޿ߟޔ‬ߦ࿾ర಴りߩࡊࡠࡏࠢࠨ࡯ߩ⚫੺ߥߤ߽ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ฬἑᏒ߆ࠄߩ㑵‐࠷ࠕ࡯ߩ৻ⴕߦኻߔࠆᗵ⻢ߩࠕ࠽࠙ࡦ߽ࠬߥߐࠇߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬દ઄↸ߩ㑵‐ᄢળߦ․ᓽ
⊛ߛߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬႐ౝࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬߢ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ⼊ኤ⟑ࠃࠅߩ߅㗿޿ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬㑵‐⾲ඳࠍߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߣߩ᡼ㅍ߇㧞ᐲ➅ࠅ㄰ߐࠇߚߎߣߛߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ోፉ৻ߩᄢળߩክ್࿅ߪ  ↸߆ࠄ  ੱߕߟ  ฬ߇޽ߚࠅ‫⊕ޔ‬ᣛࠍ᜼ߍߡൎᢌࠍ
್ቯߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ኻᚢਛ‫ޔ‬႐ౝࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬߪ‫  ߘࠃ߅ޔ‬ಽ߅߈ߦ⚻ㆊᤨ㑆ࠍ๔ߍࠆ‫ߘޕ‬ߩ㑆ߪ‫ޔ‬൓ሶߩ‫ߩޠ࡯ࠨࠗࠛޟ‬ჿߣ࿯ࠍ〯ߺߥࠄߔ㖸ߛߌ߇㗀ߊ‫ޕ‬൓ሶߪ  ੱߕߟߣ᳿߼ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߦ⷏᧲ޔ‬ಽ߆ࠇߡ⿒ߣ⊕ߩࡂ࠶ࡇࠍ⌕ߌࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ
߇‫ߩੱ ޔ‬൓ሶ߇⍴ᤨ㑆ߢ㗫❥ߦ੤ઍߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚ‫⨥ޕ‬㜬ߩ⧯޿൓ሶߩᆫ
߽ᄙߊ⋡ߦߟ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ൎᢌ߇᳿⌕ߔࠆߣ‫ߩ‐ޔ‬ᜬߜਥߣߘߩኅᣖ߿㑐ଥ⠪߇࿯ୈߦߥߛࠇㄟࠎߢ߈ߡ‫ߩ࠼ࠗࡢޔ࠼ࠗࡢޔ‬ដߌჿߣߣ߽ߦ‐ߩ⢛ߦ㘧߮ਸ਼ߞߡᚻ⥰޿⿷⥰޿ߢ༑߮ࠍ⴫⃻ߔࠆߩ߇Ფ࿁ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ൎ⽶߇ߟ߆ߥ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬ታᴫࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠨ࡯ߪⷰቴߦ‫ޔ‬ᒁ߈ಽߌߦߒߡ޿޿߆ߤ
߁߆ࠍᜉᚻߢ߽ߞߡ໧߁႐㕙߿ߓ߾ࠎߌࠎߢ᳿߼ࠆ႐㕙߽⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᄢળߩ㐿ᆎ߆ࠄ⚳ੌ߹ߢⷐߔࠆᤨ㑆ߪ‫ޔ‬દ઄↸ߩᄢળߢߪ‫ᤨ  ⚂ޔ‬㑆  ಽߢ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᄤၔ↸ߩᄢળߢߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ᓟߩᮮ✁ᚢ߇⚳ੌߒ‫ޔ‬ਥ௅⠪஥߆ࠄߔߋߦఝൎᣛߣ࠻ࡠࡈࠖ࡯
߇‐ਥߦᚻᷰߐࠇ‫ߪߩߚߒੌ⚳߇ߡߴߔޔ‬㐿ᆎ߆ࠄ  ᤨ㑆  ಽᓟߢ޽ߞߚ‫ⷰޕ‬ቴߪᦨᓟߩൎᢌ߇᳿߹ࠆߣหᤨߦߔ߫߿ߊᏨࠍ┙ߞߡ‫߁޿ߣߞ޽ޔ‬㑆ߦ㑵‐႐߆ࠄᆫࠍᶖߒߚ‫ޕ‬ દ઄↸ߩᄢળ߽ᄤၔ↸ߩᄢળ߽ߘࠇߙࠇߩ↸ߩ㑵‐දળਥ௅ߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ㑵

173‐ㅪวળߩᓟេࠍฃߌߡ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࿾ర‫ޡ‬ධᶏᣣᣣᣂ⡞‫ޔ߽ߢޢ‬೨ᣣߩ╙ 㕙ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ᄢળߩਥߛߞߚขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹦ߒ޿⸃⺑߇‐ߩࠞ࡜࡯౮⌀ߣߣ߽ߦឝタߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ દ઄↸ߩᄢળߩ  ⚵  㗡ߩ಴႐‐ߩ߁ߜ‫‐ޔ‬ਥߩ಴り࿾೎ߢ⷗ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᄤၔ↸ 㗡‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ↸  㗡‫ޔ‬દ઄↸  㗡‫ޔઁߩߘޔ‬㣮ఽፉ  㗡‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ฬἑ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋߇ฦ 㗡ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬రᴒ✽ߢᚢߞߡ޿ߚ㑵‐߇  㗡ෳടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬‐ਥ߇࿅૕ฬࠍฬਸ਼ߞߡ޿ࠆ‐߽  㗡ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᄤၔ↸ߩᄢળߩ಴႐‐ ⚵  㗡߽‐ਥߩ࿾඙೎ߦ⷗ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ↸߆ࠄ  㗡‫ޔ‬ᄤၔ↸߆ࠄ  㗡‫ޔ‬દ઄↸߆ࠄ  㗡‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽߆ࠄ  㗡ߩෳടߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ᄢળߢߪ‫ޔ‬㑵‐‐ߩ↥࿾߿ߘߩᓟߩ࠻࡟࡯࠼ᥲߦߟ޿ߡ‫޿ߒ⹦ޔ‬ᖱႎߪኻᚢ⴫߇ឝタߐࠇߚࡊࡠࠣ
࡜ࡓߦ߽‫ޔߚ߹ߡߒߘޔ‬႐ౝࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬߢ߽␜ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Ყセ⠨ኤ㑵‐ߩⷰశൻ ᓼਯፉߦߪวࠊߖߡ  ࠤᚲߩ㑵‐႐߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᐕ  ࿁߶ߤߩᄢળ߇㐿௅ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ోޕ‬ፉ৻ߩᮮ✁ࠍ᳿߼ࠆᄢ߈ߥᄢળߪᐕ  ࿁‫߽߆ߒޔ‬ᓼਯፉ↸‫ޔ‬ᄤၔ↸‫ޔ‬દ઄↸ߩ㧟↸ᜬߜ࿁ࠅߢ‫ޔ‬ඦ೨ਛ߆ࠄ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆ߇‫ߩઁߩߘޔ‬㑵‐ᄢળߩ⥝ⴕߪ‫ޔ‬⺕ߢ߽㐿௅น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ߪ‫ⴕߩߤߥ↸߿⋵ޔ‬᡽ߩេഥ߽ήߊ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ήᒻᢥൻ⽷ߢ߽ήߊ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ᅢ߈ߥ᦭ᔒߚߜߩᵴേߛߌߢᚑࠅߚߞߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉએ਄ߦ㑵‐߇⋓ࠎߢ‫ ޔ‬ᐕߪᐕ㑆  ࿁߽ߩᄢળ߇⚵߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥ௅⠪߇㑵‐⚵ว‫౒ޔ‬௅߇℄⃿ᣂႎ␠‫ޔ‬ᓟេ߇ᴒ✽࠲ࠗࡓࠬ␠ߣߥߞ
ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿‫ޕ‬࿾రᣂ⡞߇‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉ࿾ၞߩ㑵‐ᄢળߩ㐿௅ࠍᡰ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ᄢળߪ‫⑺ޔ‬႐ᚲቯᦼᄢળߢ‫ޔ‬ਥ௅߇ቝ๺ፉᏒⷰశදળ‫ޔ‬ਥ▤߇ቝ๺ፉ㑵‐ㆇ༡ᆔຬળߣߥߞߡ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ળ႐߽ቝ๺ፉᏒߩᏒ༡㑵‐႐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߢߪ⑺႐ᚲ߽฽߼‫ޔ‬ᐕߦ㧡࿁ߩቯᦼ㑵‐ᄢળ߇㐿௅ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ਥ௅⠪ߢߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߢߪฦ↸ߩ㑵‐දળਥ௅ߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ
㑵‐ㅪวળ߇ᓟេߒ‫ޔߚ߹ޔ‬ᴒ✽ߢ߽㑵‐⚵ว߇ਥ௅ߒ‫ޔ‬࿾రᣂ⡞߇౒௅ߣߥߞ
ߡᡰេߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮢߩⷰశදળ߇ਥ௅ߒ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ㑵‐ㆇ༡ᆔຬળ߇ਥ▤ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߿‫ޔ‬Ꮢ߇㑵‐႐ࠍㆇ༡ߒ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ᄢળߢᏒ㐳ߩ᜿ᜦ߇޽ࠆߎߣߥߤ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ߇㑵‐ᄢળࠍ᣿⏕ߦⷰశߩ⋡₹ߣ૏⟎ߠߌߡᡰេߒ‫ⷰޔ‬శൻࠍଦㅴߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᴒ✽߽ⷰశቴࠍ޽ߡߎࠎߢ㑵‐ᄢળࠍ㗫❥ߦ㐿௅ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ߶ߤⴕ᡽߇ో㕙ߦ಴ߡ߈ߡߪ޿ߥ޿‫ࠇߎޕ‬ߦ෻ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ᄢળߪ೨  ⠪ߣᲧセߒߡ‫߽ⷰᦨޔ‬శൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬߹ߚⷰశൻߦߘࠇ߶ߤജࠍ౉ࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ߽⷗߃ߥ޿‫ޔࠈߒ߻ޕ‬ᓼਯፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਥ௅⋡⊛߇ห⓹↢ߩ⸥ᔨⴕ੐߿ාᛄ޿ⴕ੐ߣߒߡ㐿௅ߔࠆᄢળ߽ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ᱜ᦬‫ࠧޔ‬

174࡯࡞࠺ࡦ࠙ࠖ࡯ࠢ‫ߩߤߥ⋆߅ޔ‬Ꮻ⋭ቴ߇ᄙߊፉߦᏫࠆߣ߈ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪᣣߤߎ߆ߢᄢળ
߇௅ߐࠇ‫ⷰޔ‬శቴࠃࠅ߽Ꮻ⋭ቴߦᭉߒࠎߢ߽ࠄ߅߁ߣ޿߁㔓࿐᳇߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㑵‐‐ߦ‐ਥߩฬ೨߿ળ␠ฬ‫ࡊ࡯࡞ࠣޔ‬ฬࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ખ㑆ߢ‐ࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬ㅪᏪᗵࠍᒝ߼‫ޔ‬༑߮ࠍಽߜวߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ߽⷗߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ᄢળ߇ፉߩ⚻ᷣ᭴ㅧ߿↢ᵴߩ࡝࠭ࡓߣᷓߊ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆὐ߇ᄢ߈ߥ․ᓽߣߒߡᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬හߜ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩਥߚࠆ↢ᬺߪࠨ࠻࠙ࠠࡆ
ߩ↢↥ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱜ᦬ભߺࠍ㒰ߊߣ‫ߩࡆࠠ࠙࠻ࠨޔ‬બណ߇ᆎ߹ࠆ  ᦬߆ࠄ⵾♧ᦼ㑆߇⚳ੌߔࠆ  ᦬ᧃ߹ߢ߇㑵‐ߩࠝࡈࠪ࡯࠭ࡦߣߥࠅ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬วࠊߖࠆࠃ߁ߦ ᦬ߦߪᣧㅦ㑵‐ᄢળ߇㐿௅ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛ߩ∋ࠇࠍᘨ᠜ߔࠆ߆ߩࠃ߁ߥ␠ળ⊛ᯏ⢻߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㑵‐߇ਛᔃゲߣߥߞߡᐕਛⴕ੐ߥߤߩ࡝࠭ࡓ߇ᨒߟߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ ࠃ ߁ ߦ‫ޔ‬㑵 ‐ ߇ ੱ‫ ⚻ ߩޘ‬ᷣ ࡮␠ળ ᵴ േ ࠍᵴᕈ ൻ ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ ߣ ߽ ޿߃ࠆ 㨇 ጊ ↰㧦㨉‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ߦ߅޿ߡⷰశൻߦߘࠇ߶ߤജࠍ౉ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ
⷗߃ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢㇺᏒ࿤ߦㄭ޿ቝ๺ፉ߿ࡑࠬ࠷࡯࡝࠭ࡓ߇ቯ⌕ߒߡ޿ࠆᴒ✽ߣ㆑ߞߡⷰశቴߩ㓸ቴജ߇ᭂ߼ߡዊߐ޿ߚ߼‫ޔ‬ፉ᳃ߩ↢⸘߇ⷰశߢߪߥߊㄘᬺࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔߦ߃ࠁޔ‬㑵‐ߦߪ߻ߒࠈ␠ળ⊛ᚑഞ‫ޔ‬ᇅᭉ‫⾲ޔ‬ඳߣ޿ߞߚⷐ⚛߇ᒝ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬႐ౝࠕ࠽࠙ࡦࠬߢ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ⼊ኤ⟑ࠃࠅߩ߅㗿޿ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬
㑵‐⾲ඳࠍߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߣߩ᡼ㅍ߇  ᐲ➅ࠅ㄰ߐࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄ߽ࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬
㑵‐߇⾲ߌ੐ߩᚻᲑߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆὐ߽‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽߿ቝ๺ፉߢߪߺࠄࠇߥ޿ᄢ߈ߥ․ᓽ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩੱߦߣߞߡ㑵‐‐ࠍᚲ᦭ߔࠆߎߣߪ␲వፏ᜙‫ޔ‬ኅ‫৻ޔ‬ᣖߩቲ‫ޔ‬ኅߩ❥ᩕߩ⽎ᓽߢ޽ࠆߣ޿ߞߚᗧ๧ߠߌ߇ߥߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ㨇ዊᨋጊ↰ 㧦㨉‫ޕ‬හߜ‫ߩ‐ޔ‬ൎ೑߇␲వࠍᘨ߼‫ޔ‬ሶቊߩ❥ᩕࠍ⚂᧤ߔࠆߣߐࠇࠆ
ߚ߼‫ߩ‐ޔ‬ൎᢌߦ࿕ၫߒ‫ోޔߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ፉ৻㧔ᮮ✁㧕ߩ㑵‐‐ࠍ⢒ߡ਄ߍࠆߩ߇
‐ਥߩᄞߢ‫ߪߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬㑵‐ߪ‫ߩޠࠢࡦ࡜ޟ‬㗂ὐࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ߅ߎߥࠊࠇࠆࠥ࡯ࡓ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹߽ࠢࡦ࡜ߩ‐ߩߘޔߡߒߘޕ‬ᜬߜਥߦォᇾߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߡߒ߁ߎޕ‬㑵‐ߪᓼਯፉߣ޿߁߿߿⥄Ꮖቢ⚿⊛ߥ␠ળߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦ㊀ⷐߥ␠ળ⊛ᯏ⢻ࠍᜂߞߡ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⷰశൻߩᐲว޿ߪ‫ޔ‬㑵‐႐ߩㅧࠅ߿ⷰቴߩ෼ኈ⢻ജߦ߽⷗ߡߣࠇࠆ‫ⷰޕ‬శൻ߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆቝ๺ፉߣᴒ✽ߢߪ㑵‐႐߇࠼࡯ࡓߦߥߞߡ޿ߡోᄤ୥ဳߦߥߞߡ޿
ࠆ‫ߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߩળ႐ߪ  ⷺᒻߩ࠼࡯ࡓဳߢ㔎ᄤߢ߽㐿௅ߢ߈‫ޔ‬෼ኈੱᢙ߽‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ߣቝ๺ፉߢߪߘࠇߙࠇ‫ ޔ‬ජੱ߆ࠄ  ජੱ෼ኈน⢻ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫ࠇߎޔ‬߽ⷰశቴࠍᒰߡㄟࠎߢߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐႐ߪ‫ޔ‬෼ኈ⢻ജ߇ቝ๺ፉ߿ᴒ✽ߩ߶߷ඨಽߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቴᏨߣ࿯ୈߣߩ㑆ߦ‫ࡔࠞޔ‬࡜ࡑࡦ↪ߩ․೎Ꮸߣߒߡ᏷⚂ O ߩⓨ㑆߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߩ߽ⷰశߩትવߦ㈩ᘦ

175ߒߡߩ߽ߩ߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Ᏹᄐߩᴒ✽ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቴᏨߩᄖ஥ߦߪ‫⸳࡯࠲ࠗ࠽ޔ‬஻߇޽ࠅ‫᦬  ࠄ߆ᧃ᦬ ޔ‬㗃߹ߢߩᲧセ⊛ᶭߒ޿ᦼ㑆ߪᱜඦ޽ࠆ޿ߪ  ᤨߦ㐿ᆎߒ‫ޔ‬ᄐ႐ߩᥤ޿ᤨᦼߪ  ᤨ߿ ᤨߣ޿ߞߚㆃ޿ᤨ㑆ߦߕࠄߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߇․ᓽ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬หߓᏱᄐߦㄭ
޿᳇୥ߩᓼਯፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᐕ  ࿁ߩోፉ৻ᄢળߪ‫ޔ‬ඦ೨  ᤨ㐿௅ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ᦺᣧߊ߆ࠄ಴߆ߌߡ߈ߡ‫߽߆ߒޔ‬ደᩮߩߥ޿ળ႐ߢᒝ޿ᣣᏅߒߦߐࠄߐࠇߡⷰᚢ
ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ⷰశቴߩଢቱࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ޿ࠆߣߪ⸒޿㔍ߊ‫ޔ‬ፉ᳃ߦࠃࠆፉ᳃
ߩᭉߒߺߩߚ߼ߩ㑵‐ߣ޿߁⿰ะ߇ᒝߊᗵߓขࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿾ၞ㑆ߩ⋧੕੤ᵹ ߔߢߦ⷗ߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿾ၞߣ߽‫ޔ‬㑵‐ᄢળ㐿௅ߩᒻᘒ߇߶߷౒ㅢߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬හߜ‫ࠅ౉ޔ‬ญߩ࠹ࡦ࠻ߩ⸳༡߿ߔࠅ㋬⁁ߩ㓏ᲑᏨ‫ޔ‬㘶㘩ᐫ߿ࡆ࠺ࠝ⽼ᄁᐫߥߤߩ
಴ᐫߥߤ‫ޔ‬ળ႐ߩᒻᘒ߽߶߷౒ㅢߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ႐ว‫౉ߩ‐ޔ‬႐ญ߇  ▎ᚲ޽ࠆߩ߇‫  ߩઁޔ‬࿾ၞߣ⇣ߥࠆ‫ߩߤޔߚ߹ޕ‬࿾ၞߢ߽‫ ޔ‬ජ౞ߩ౉႐೛ߣኻᚢ⴫㧔ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧕߇ᚻᷰߐࠇࠆὐߪ౒ㅢߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᴒ✽ߣᓼਯፉߢߪหߓፉເ‫ࡢޟ‬ࠗ࠼▵‫ߩޠ‬㖸ᭉ߇ᵹࠇࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߢߪ⥄೨ߩ㖸ᭉ‫ޟ‬ቝ๺ፉ㖸㗡‫߇ޠ‬Ḱ஻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫౒ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ㅢᕈߪ‫ޔ‬㑵‐㑐ଥ⠪ߩ⋧੕੤ᵹ߿⋧੕ߩᓔ᧪ߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᒰὼ‫ߣߩ߽ߚ߈ߡࠇߐࠄߚ߽ޔ‬ᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߣขࠅ⚵ߺߩว㑆ߦ࠴ࡖࡦࡇࠝࡦ‐ߩ‫ޟ‬࿯ୈ౉ࠅ‫ޔߪߩ߁ⴕࠍޠ‬ᴒ✽߿ᓼਯፉߢߪ⷗ࠄࠇߕ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ㑵‐ߩ․ᓽߩ߭ߣߟߣ޿߃
ࠆ߇‫౉ߩ‐ޔ‬႐ߣห᭽ߩ㡆ࠅ‛߇૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߪㄭᐕߩ௑ะߢ޽ࠆߣ
޿߁‫౉߇‐ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬႐ߒߡߊࠆ㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㅴァ࡜࠶ࡄ߿ᄥ㥏‫ޔ‬ᜰ╍ߥߤߩ㡆ࠅ‛߇૶ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ߿ᴒ✽߆ࠄ‐ࠍ⾼౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ᄁਥ㑐ଥ⠪߇ᔕេߦߊࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߚ߼ߣߐࠇ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐ߩᓇ㗀߇Ớෘߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄ  ࿾ၞߩ੤ᵹߩᒻ〔ߪ‫ߩⷺߩ‐ޔ‬ᄌൻߣ൓ሶߩ᭴߃ߣߩ㑐ଥߦ߽⷗ߡߣ
ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬਄ㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔߪⷺߩ‐ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬਄ะ߈ߩ߽ߩ߇ᅢ߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᚢᴺ߽‫ޔ‬ⷺߤ߁ߒࠍวࠊߖ⋧ᚻߩ㗵ࠍ்߼ࠆߩ߇ਥᵹߢ޽ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬ᒻߦߔࠆߚ߼ߦ
੿‐ߩߎࠈ߆ࠄ‫ⷺޟ‬૞ࠅ‫ߡߟ߆ޕ߁ⴕࠍޠ‬ቝ๺ፉߦ੿‐ࠍ಴⩄ߒߡ޿ߚᄢಽߢ߽
ⷺߩ⍶ᱜߪⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᄶ⟤࡮ᴒ✽߆ࠄ᧪ࠆ‐ߪ‫ⷺߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬૞ࠅ߇ߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫߇ⷺޔ‬ᮮࠍะ޿ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᮮ߆ࠄᢜߩ‐ߩ⡊ߩᓟࠈࠍ᡹߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩⷺߩᒻߩᄌൻߪ‫ޔ‬൓ሶߩࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߩᄌൻ߽᜗޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ൓ሶߩ᭴
߃ᣇ‫ߦ‐ޔ‬ኻߔࠆ੺ഥߩ઀ᣇߦᄢ߈ߊ  ߟߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߟߣ߭ޕ‬ᴒ✽߿ᓼਯፉߣ߹ߞߚߊหߓߢ‫ࠄ߆‐ޔ‬ዋߒ㔌ࠇߚߣߎࠈߢᄢჿࠍ޽ߍߥ߇ࠄฝᚻߣฝ
⿷ߢ൓޿ࠍߟߌࠆ߿ࠅᣇߢ޽ࠅ‫޿⧯ޔ‬൓ሶߦᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇߪ‫ޔ‬ฝᚻࠍ‐ߩ176⢋ߩߣߎࠈߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮐᚻࠍ‐ߩ⡊ߩᓟࠈ޽ߚࠅߦߘ߃‫ߣࠅߚߞ߯ߦ‐ޔ‬ઃ޿ߚᩰᅢߢ‫ޔ‬‫ߣߤߥޠࠗࡂࠗࡂࠗࡂޟ‬๭߮߆ߌߥ߇ࠄ᡹߼ߩ࠲ࠗࡒࡦࠣࠍߪ߆ࠆ߿ࠅᣇߢ‫ߎޔ‬ߜࠄߪ‫ ߇ߤࠎߣ߶ߩߘޔ‬㨪 ઍߩ൓ሶߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᄶ⟤߿ᴒ✽߆ࠄᮮะ߈ߩⷺࠍᜬߟ‐߇ᄙߊߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬൓ሶ߽‐ߦㄭߠߊߎߣࠍᕟࠇߡ‫޿ߥࠇ⸅ߦ‐ޔ‬೨⠪ߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦࠍណࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬‐ߣੱߩ⒖േߣ੤ᵹࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ ᓼਯፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᤄߩ㑵‐‐ߪፉౝ↥߇ᄙߊභ߼ߡ޿ߚ߇‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߪචፉ᧛‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬౎㊀ጊ‫ޔ‬㓝ጘፉ‫ޔ‬ᣂẟ‫ޔ‬ጤᚻ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߥߤᣣᧄฦ࿾߆ࠄዉ౉ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓥ᧪ߩࠃ߁ߦᣂẟ⚻↱ߢߪߥߊ⋥ធጤᚻ⋵ߦⴕߞߡ઀౉ࠇߡ߈ߚࠅ‫ޔ‬シ☨↸߿ጊᒻ᧛ߥߤߦࠃߊ⷗ߦⴕߞߚࠅߔࠆߣ޿߁⹤߇޽ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫‐ޔ‬ਥߢ߽޽ࠆፉ᳃↵ᕈߦࠃࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩ㑵‐‐ߩᄙߊߪ౎㊀ጊ‐ߛߣ޿߁⹤߽޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᓼਯፉߣᴒ✽ᧄፉࠍ㗫❥ߦᓔᓳߔࠆ‐࡮‐ਥ࡮൓ሶߥߤ߽⃟ߒߊߥ޿ߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬ ᴒ✽ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ⴫ߦ↥࿾߇᣿⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩਛߢ‫ࠃࠆ߃⿥ࠍࡦ࠻ ޔ‬߁ߥᮮ✁ࠢ࡜ࠬߩᄢဳ‐ߪ‫ޔ‬ጤᚻ↥߇⋡┙ߞߡ޿ߚ߇߇‫ోޔ‬૕⊛ߦߪᓼਯፉ↥ߩ‐ߩᲧ₸߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉ↥࡮ਈ㇊࿖↥ߪ㧝㗡ߕߟߢ޽ߞߚ‫․ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᓽ⊛ߥߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉߩൎ೑‐ࠍᴒ✽ߦ࠻࡟࡯࠼ߒߡ߈ߚ଀߇ᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߎ߆ࠄᓼਯፉߣᴒ✽ߣߩ޽޿ߛߦߪ㗫❥ߥ੤ᵹ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐ
ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
 ቝ๺ፉߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ߆ࠄࠬࠞ࠙࠻ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ൓ሶߩ੐଀⚫੺ߥߤ࿾ၞࠍ⿧߃ߚ
㑵‐ࠍᎼࠆ␠ળ⊛ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩሽ࿷߇␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐‐ߩ੤ᵹࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦߟ޿ߡߺࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽㧔ᧄፉ࡮౎㊀ጊ㧕↥߿ᓼਯፉ↥ߩ‐߇ᄙߊ⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ਛߦߪ㓝ጘ↥ߩ‐߽ሽ࿷ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ቝ๺ፉߪ‐ߩ↥࿾ߢߪߥ޿ߚ
߼‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߪኻጯߩᄢಽ㧔₿⃨㇭࡮ᄢ㊁㇭㧕߿ᾢᧄ߆ࠄㄘ⠹‐ࠍ⾈޿ઃߌߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛ߆ࠄ㑵‐‐ࠍ⢒ߡߚߣ޿߁⹤ߒ߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ  ߟߩ㑵‐㐿௅࿾ߩ㑆ߩ‐ߩ࠻࡟࡯࠼㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬߅ࠃ߮ߘߩ  ߟߩ㑵‐㐿௅࿾ߣ㑵‐‐ߩ↥࿾߅ࠃ߮ଏ⛎࿾ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߩ
੐ታ㑐ଥߪ⃻ᤨὐߢߪ߹ߛචಽߦ⸃᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ߩ‐ޔ‬⒖േߩታᘒ߿↥࿾ߣ㑵‐㐿௅࿾ߩ੤ᵹࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬㑵‐㐿௅࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ㑵‐‐ߩᱜ⏕ߥ↥࿾ᖱႎߦߟ޿ߡߩ⹦ߒ޿⺞ᩏ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢቝ๺ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ㑵‐‐ߣੱߩ੤ᵹߦ㑐ߔࠆᱧผࠍ࿁㘈ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬㨪㧔ᤘ๺ 㨪㧕ᐕߏࠈ߆ࠄ㓝ጘߣߩ㑆ߦ㗫❥ߥ‐ߣੱߩ੤ᵹ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᤘ๺  ᐕઍߩขࠅ⚵ߺ⴫ߦߪ‫ޟ‬ේሶജ‫ޟޠ‬ᴒ፲‫ޟޠ‬࿖㋿‫ߩߤߥޠ‬㓝ጘߩ‐ߩฬ೨߇⊓႐ߒߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁‫ޕ‬㓝ጘߩ‐ߩ․ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬ᕈᩰ߇⍴᳇ߢㅦᚢဳߦะ޿ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ㑵‐ߩਛᔃߢ޽ߞߚ਻Ꮊ‐߇ᜬਭဳߢ޽ߞߚߩߣߪኻᾖ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓝ጘߩ

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㑵‐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ൎߞߚ‐ߩ⢛ਛߦᰴ‫߇ੱߦޘ‬㘧߮ਸ਼ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߊ޽ࠆߘ߁ߢ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ൎߜ⛯ߌߚ‐ߩਛߦߪ‫ੱޔ‬㑆ࠍᕟࠇߡੱ㑆ህ޿ߦߥࠆ‐߽⃻ࠇࠆߣ޿߁‫ߘޕ‬ߩࠃ߁ߥ႐ว‫ޔ‬൓ሶࠍߟߌߥ޿ߎߣߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ቝ๺ፉߣᴒ✽ߣߩ੤ᵹߪ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ߩᧄ࿯ᓳᏫએ೨ߩ 㨪㧔ᤘ๺ 㨪㧕ᐕߦ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽߆ࠄ‐ߩ⾈޿ઃߌߦ߿ߞߡ߈ߡ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ߦㅪࠇߡⴕ߆ࠇߡᵴべߒߚ‫৻ޟ‬ജ‫ޠ‬
ߣ޿߁‐ߩ⹤ߒߥߤ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄭᐕߢߪㅒߦ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉ↥߿౎㊀ጊ↥ߩ‐߇ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ߦᢙᄙߊ಴႐ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߣᓼਯፉߣߩ੤ᵹߪ౓ᐶߩ⷏ች⚻↱ߢᓼਯፉߩ‐ࠍ⾈ߞߚߎߣ߇
߈ߞ߆ߌߢ‫ޟޔ‬ᄶ⟤‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ฬߢᚢߞߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ᤘ๺  ᐕઍߩขࠅ⚵ߺ⴫ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㨇ᗲᇫ⋵ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળᢥൻ⽷଻⼔⺖㨉‫ޕ‬ᣂẟߩᣥጊฎᔒ᧛㧔⃻㐳ጟᏒ㧕ㄭㄝߣߩ੤ᵹ߇ᦨ߽ฎߊ‫ޔ‬㧔᣿ᴦ 㧕ᐕ߆ࠄ෺ᣇߩ‐ࠍඳഭ߇᧲੩
ߦㅪࠇߡ޿߈‫ߡߒߣޠⴕ⥝ޟ‬ᚢࠊߖߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬㧔ᄢᱜ 㧕ᐕߦߪਔ࿖ߩᣥ࿖ᛛ㙚ߢ  ᣣ㑆ߩ⥝ⴕ߇޽ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬ᗲධ↸ߩ‫ޟ‬ዊᐈ‐‫߇ޠ‬ᣂẟ‐ߦൎߞߚߣ޿߁ᣂ⡞⸥੐߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߪ㑵‐߇߅ߎߥࠊࠇߥߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ౎ਂፉߣ߽
㧔ᤘ๺ 㧕ᐕ߆ࠄ੤ᵹ߇ߪߓ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬੤឵࠻࡟࡯࠼ߒߡ߈ߚ‐߇‫ਂ౎ޟ‬ፉ‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁ฬߢᵴべߒߚߣ޿߁‫ߪᦼᤨ৻ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ጤᚻߩ‐߽⾈ߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢળߢ߶ߣࠎߤขࠅ⚵ߺࠍߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ઁޔ‬࿾ၞߣߩ‐ߩ੤ᵹߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߦߪ߇ࠎࠄ޿ߩ਻Ꮊ‐એᄖߩ‐߇ᄙߊ⊓႐ߒ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ߦᄌൻࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߡ޿ࠆ‫౉ߩ‐ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬႐‫ޔ‬࿯ୈ౉ࠅ‫ޔ‬൓ሶߩࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߩᄌൻߥߤߦ⴫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ߩ‐ޔ‬੤ᵹ߇ੱߩ੤
ᵹࠍଦߒ‫ઁޔ‬࿾ၞߩ㑵‐ᢥൻ߇ᵹ౉ߒ‫ߩߣ߽ߣ߽ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉߩ㑵‐ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦᄢ߈
ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‐ߣੱߩ࿖㓙੤ᵹ ᓼਯፉߢߪ㑵‐㐿௅࿾ห჻ߩ੤ᵹ߇ᵴ⊒ߦߥࠅ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ߩ࿖㓙ൻ߽ㅴߺߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣඦ೨‫ޔ‬દ઄↸ߩદ઄㑵‐႐ߢ‫  ╙ޟ‬࿁ో࿖㑵‐ࠨࡒ࠶࠻⸥ᔨ㑵‐ᄢળ‫߇ޠ‬㐿௅ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉౝᄖ߆ࠄ⚂  ੱߩ㑵‐ࡈࠔࡦ߇ෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬㣮ఽፉ⋵⍮੐‫ޔ‬દ઄↸↸㐳‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ㑵‐ㅪวળળ㐳‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ᷡ㆏㇭ߩ⼏ળ⼏㐳ߥߤ߇᜿ᜦߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᓼਯፉߣ࿖ౝߩઁߩ࿾ၞߣߩ㑵‐੤ᵹࠍ␜ߔ৻଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂẟ⋵ਛ⿧࿾㔡ߢⵍἴߒߚᣥጊฎᔒ᧛㧔⃻㐳ጟᏒ㧕߆ࠄᓼਯፉߦᒁ߈ขࠄࠇߚ㑵‐߇⧎ᒻᚢߦᣂẟઍ⴫ߣߒߡ⊓႐ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬หᣣ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ╙  ࿁ో࿖㑵‐ࠨࡒ࠶࠻㧔ਥ௅࡮ᓼਯፉ㑵‐ㅪวળ㧕ߦߪ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩ㑵‐ᢥൻࠍ቞ࠅ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚ  ⋵  Ꮢ↸᧛ߩ㚂㐳߿㑵‐࿅૕ߩઍ⴫⠪‫ޔ‬㖧࿖߆ࠄ߽  ฬ߇ෳട‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩ㑵‐㐿௅࿾ห჻ߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ᭴▽ߒ੤ᵹࠍᷓ߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬࿖ᄖߦ߽㑵‐ߩ㝯ജࠍ⊒ାߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ᢥൻࠍ178

࿾ၞ⾗Ḯߣߒߡᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߥߤ߇⹤ߒวࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㖧࿖ߣߩ੤ᵹߪ  ᐕ
ߦ๺‐  㗡ࠍ㖧࿖߳  ᐕ⛯ߌߡㅍࠅ‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ߩ⿒‐ߣኻᚢߐߖߚߎߣߦᆎ߹ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣ㖧ᚢߣ㌏ᛂߞߚ߅߆ߍߢ‫ࡦࠨࡊޔ‬ㄭߊߦ޽ࠆ⍮ฬᐲߩૐ߆ߞߚߘߩ࿾ߩ㑵‐႐ߪ‫ޔ‬✚⸘ᢙචਁ߽ߩⷰቴࠍ㓸߼ࠆ߶ߤߩᄢࠗࡌࡦ࠻߇㐿௅ߢ߈ߚߣߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ‫߿੹ޔ‬㑵‐ߪ࿖Ⴚࠍ⿥߃ߡ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ਥዉߢ࿖㓙੤ᵹߩଦㅴߦ߽ᄢ߈ߊ
⽸₂ߒߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޔߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ᣣ㖧ਔ࿖ߩ޽޿ߛߢߪ‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ⊛⋧੕ℂ⸃߇஗ṛߔࠆߥ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ๟ㄝㇱߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬㑵‐ࠍ੺ߒߡ⨲ߩᩮߩ੤ᵹߣ⋧੕ℂ⸃߇ਛᄩ᡽ᴦߩ㗡⿧ߒߦㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ⃻⁁߇ߘߎߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬឵⸒ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᣣ㖧ߩ㑆ߢ߽‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬޿ߪ࿖ౝߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ޘ‬᥉ㅢߩੱߩᄙߊ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬੐ታߩሽ࿷ߐ߃޽ߕ߆ࠅ⍮ࠄߥ޿ߣߎࠈߢ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬㐳ᐕߦᷰߞߡ㑵‐ᢥൻࠍ⢒ࠎߢ߈ߚੱߚߜ߇‫ޔ‬㑵‐ࠍ੺ߒߡ‫ߩ⨲ߥࠢ࡯࠾࡙ޔ‬ᩮߩ੤ᵹࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍᒻᚑߒ‫ߣࡁࡕߣੱޔ‬ᖱႎߩⴕ߈੤
߁ᐲว޿߇ᐕ‫ޘ‬Ⴧߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⏕߆ߥ⃻ታ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߻ߔ߮ߦ߆߃ߡ
ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬࿾ၞߦ‫ޟ‬ὐ‫ߡߒߣޠ‬ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁
ߦߒ߆⷗߃ߥ߆ߞߚ㑵‐߇‫ޔ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥᤨ㑆⊛ផ⒖ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߚᲧセߩ૞ᬺߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ታߪߘ߁޿ߞߚὐߣὐߣ߇ੱ߿‐߿ᖱႎߩ੤ᵹࠍㅢߒߡ‫ߡߒߣޠ✢ޟ‬േᘒ⊛ߦߟߥ߇ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ోޔߪߦࠄߐޔ‬૕ߣߒߡߪ‫ޟ‬㕙‫ࡀߩ⁁ޠ✂ޟߪ޿ࠆ޽ޠ‬࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߣߒߡߣࠄ߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ㑵‐ᢥൻߣߒߡᶋ߆߮਄߇ߞߡ߈ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ࠃ߁ߦേᘒ⊛ߥ㑵‐ᢥൻߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩሽ࿷ࠍᶋ߈ᓂࠅߦߔࠆߎߣߦߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊ㧞ߟߩᗧ⟵߇޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬߭ߣߟߦߪ‫ࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޔ‬਎⇇ߦㆉ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޟ‬ᄬࠊࠇߚ㑵‐ᢥൻ࿤‫ߦޠ‬
ኻߔࠆⷞ㊁߇㐿߆ࠇࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ࿖ౝߦ㒢ߞߡߺߡ߽‫ޔ‬ᢙ▎ᚲߢߒ߆ⴕࠊ
ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼‫ࠇߘޔ‬એᄖߩߤߩߋࠄ޿ߩ▸࿐ߢ߆ߟߡ㑵‐߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚߩ߆
ࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᢥ₂ผᢱߦ⊓႐ߔࠆߎߣ߇ዋߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥ᳃ଶᘠⴕߢ޽ࠆ
ߩߢ߈ࠊ߼ߡ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩࡦࠗࡍࠬޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㑵‐ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫┹ߩ‐ߣੱޟ‬ᛛ‫ߢޠ‬ߪߥߊ‫‐ޟޔ‬ห჻ߩ┹ᛛ‫߇ޠ‬ᣣᧄฦ࿾߿㖧࿖ߩో⟜ධ㆏‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ਛ࿖㧔․ߦ⷏
ධਛ࿖ߩዋᢙ᳃ᣖ࿾ၞ㧕ߣ޿߁᧲ࠕࠫࠕߩ․ቯ࿾ၞߦ஍࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ߭ߣߟ
ߩ໧㗴♽ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠆᚻ߇߆ࠅ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬߽߁߭ߣߟߩᗧ⟵ߪ‫੹ࠅࠃޔ‬ᣣ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬ᣣᧄ࿖ౝߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬⃻࿷㑵‐߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦ‫ޔ‬ㄭ⃻ઍᣣᧄߩㄭઍൻ࡮ㇺᏒൻ௑ะߩߥ߆
ߢ‫ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬㔌ፉ࡮௼࿾࡮ㄘ᧛ߣ޿ߞߚᓟㅴ⊛࡮๟ㄝ⊛ᕈᩰࠍ᦭ߒߡ߈ߚ࿾ၞߢ޽
ߞߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬࿾ၞห჻߇ੱ߿‐߿ᖱႎߩ੤ᵹࠍⴕ޿‫ోߪߡ޿߭ޔ‬࿖㑵‐ࠨࡒ࠶࠻ߩࠃ߁ߦ੤ᵹߩᣂߚߥዷ㐿ࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬න⚐ߦవㅴ⊛ߥㇺᏒߣᓟㅴ

179⊛ߥ௼࿾ߣ޿߁ࠦࡦ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ߩߺࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߚ‫ޟ‬ਛᄩ̆๟ㄝ‫ߥ⊛ޠ‬ੑ㗄ኻ┙࿑ᑼߢߪℂ⸃ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޟࠈߒ߻ޔ‬๟ㄝ̆๟ㄝ‫␠ߩ♽ޠ‬ળ㑐ଥߩሽ࿷ᗧ⟵ࠍᥧ␜ߔࠆ
ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ‫੹ޔ‬ᣣ⊛ߥ․ᓽߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫⺰ᧄޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ਛߢߪ⸒෸ߔࠆߎߣ
ߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬㑵‐㐿௅࿾ߩਛߦߪࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡀ࠶࠻ࠍㅢߓߚᖱႎ⊒ାࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎൻᤨઍߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ၞᢥൻߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ⠨߃ࠆ਄ߢ߽␜ໂ
⊛ߥ଀ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬⸼ ᱜߒߊߪ‫ޔ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᢎ⢒⎇ⓥᵴᕈൻ⚻⾌ߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬ධർㅪ⛯‫ޡ‬ᣂ࡮㆏ߩፉ‫ࡦ࡯࠱࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ޢޘ‬᜚ὐᒻᚑ㨪࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻቇ㓙⎇ⓥ೨ㅴ᜚ὐߣ࿖㓙࡮
࿾ၞ⽸₂㨪‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ቇ㓙⊛ߥ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ධᣣᧄᣂ⡞  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ‫ޕ‬ ⃻࿷᧲ࠕࠫࠕߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓼਯፉ‫ޔ‬ᴒ✽ᧄፉ‫౎ޔ‬㊀ጊ⻉ፉ‫ޔ‬ቝ๺ፉ‫ޔ‬㓝ጘ‫ޔ‬ᣂẟ㧔㐳ጟᏒ࡮ዊජ⼱Ꮢ㧕‫ޔ‬ጤᚻ㧔ጊᒻ᧛㧕‫ޔ‬㖧࿖ో⟜ධ㆏‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖⾆Ꮊ⋭‫ޔ‬ਛ࿖ᳯ⯃⋭ߢ㑵‐߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߪ౎ਂፉߢ߽㑵‐߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬


ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
ᗲᇫ⋵ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળᢥൻ⽷଻⼔⺖㧔✬㧕‫ޡ‬ධ੍࿾ᣇߩ‐ߩ⓭߈޽޿⠌ଶ⺞ᩏႎ๔ᦠ‫ޢ‬ᗲᇫ⋵ᱧผᢥൻඳ‛㙚‫ޕ‬የፒቁብ࡮᪀ේቄ㓶࡮⷏᧛᣿
 ‫ࠕࠫࠕ᧲ޟ‬ᴪᶏ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㑵‐ࠍ߼ߋࠆࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢᒻᚑ
ߩ⃻⁁‫ޠ‬‫ ޡ‬㣮ఽፉᄢቇᴺᢥቇㇱ♿ⷐ ੱᢥ⑼ቇ⺰㓸‫ޕޢ‬ዊᨋᾖᐘ  ‫ޡ‬㑵‐ߩፉ‫ޢ‬ᣂầ␠‫ޕ‬ጊ↰⋥Ꮘ  ‫ޟ‬㑵‐ߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛⠨ኤ㧦ᓼਯፉ␠ળ⎇ⓥ߳ߩ੍஻⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴‫ޡޠ‬᳃ଶቇ⎇ⓥᚲ♿ⷐ‫ޕޢ‬ᣂ⡞⸥੐ධᣣᧄᣂ⡞  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ



180

      㣮ఽፉፉᎩߩධർද௛ߣᏅ⇣ൻ㨪ፉᎩၞධർᏅߩ⹺⼂࡮࠺࡯࠲࡮
ㅪ⛯ᕈᄌൻళ୥ߩ෼㓸㨪㐳᎑ବ੺㣮ఽፉᄢቇᄙፉ࿤⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

A Field Study and Data Collection for Sensor Zone Setting
on Kagoshima Chain Islands from South to North
For Collaboration and Differentiation
between the Islands

NAGASHIMA Shunsuke
Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima Universityⷐᣦ ධർ MO ߩ㣮ఽፉ೉ፉࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ‫✚ޔ‬วⅣႺߣߘߩផ⒖ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ፉᲤ࠺࡯࠲ߩ෼㓸ߣ‫⃻ޔ‬࿾ౣ⸰⺞ᩏࠍరߦ⠨ኤߒߚ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬ᛒ߁✚วⅣႺߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼⅣႺ‫ޔ‬↥ᬺ࡮⚻ᷣⅣႺ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻ࡮ᱧผⅣႺߢ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩᢛℂߪ‫ޟޔ‬㆏ߩፉ‫⊛ޠޘ‬વ᠞߿Ꮕ㆑
ൻᚢ⇛࡮ද௛⊛ፉ߅ߎߒ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥㅪ៤ߦᔅⷐߥౝኈߦ㒢ቯߒߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬ㅪ⛯ᕈ߿વ᠞ߩ࡞࡯࠻ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄙర⊛߆ߟⶄว⊛ᕈ⾰߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ㗼␜⊛ߦ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈
ߚ‫ߪࠇߘޕ‬ᄙర⊛ⅣႺߣߘߩផ⒖ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ‫ࡦ࡯࠱࡯ࠨࡦ࠮ޟ‬ᒻᚑ‫ߩޠ‬ᗧ⟵ߣ‫ޔ‬੝ᾲᏪ⎇ⓥㅪ៤߳ߩዷᦸߘߩ߽ߩߩ┙⸽ߔࠆ࠺࡯࠲ߩឭ␜ߣ߽ߥࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ፉ Ꭹ ቇ ㅪ ⛯ ᕈ ផ ⒖  ᳇ ୥ ᄌ േ ද ௛ Ⅳ  Ⴚ ✚ ว ᕈ 
Abstract We considered the comprehensiveness of environment in island: nature, industry
and culture, for sensor zone setting on Kagoshima chain islands 600km distance fromsouth to north. One method is a field study on these almost every islands, more than

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once again, recently. Other method is a data collection on every islands, concerning on
this aim. We focused on the typical evidence of the climate change and environmental
indicators to show the historical relationship and some transitions from island to island.
This zone is located in transitional area from Subtropical to Temperate, on the current
of Black Stream, and the main route of typhoon. This was also the main route ofcultural, technical and material import from other countries. These islands are the chain
islands alongside on the parallel volcanic belts. However sometimes they wereseparated by political or historical reason.
We can get many evidences to show the significance to set the sensor zone on theseislands, from south to north. If we can make collaboration for academic exchange on
subtropical islands, and if these islanders can make collaboration between islands forpromotion of island, using strategy of differentiation and possibility of transitional area
setting, this area should be revitalized as New Route Islands.
keywors: Nissology, Transition, Collaboration, Comprehensiveness of Environment ߪ ߓ ߼ ߦ  ᣂ‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫ޔߪޠޘ‬ධർߦㅪߥࠆ㣮ఽፉߩፉᎩࠍ⚿߮‫ ߩߘޔ‬MO ߦ෸߱‫ޟ‬ፉᎩ✚วⅣႺ‫ߩߘޔߣߩ߽ߩߘޠ‬ㅪ⛯ᕈ࡮Ꮕ㆑ߣ‫♽ᤨޔ‬೉⊛ផ⒖ࠍ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯࠱࡯ࡦ
ߣߒߡቇⴚ⊛ߦㅊ〔ߔࠆߎߣߩᅷᒰᕈߣᗧ⟵ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢᛒ߁✚วⅣႺߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼⅣႺ ᶏਛ࡮㒽਄࡮ⓨၞߣേ‛࡮ᬀ‛‫ߡߒߘޔ‬࿾ᒻ࡮࿾⾰ ‫↥ޔ‬ᬺ࡮⚻ᷣⅣႺ╬ߩ࿾ၞᝄ⥝ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ੐ᨩ‫ੱޔ‬ᢥ␠ળⅣႺ ㆏ߩፉ‫ޘ‬ᴪ޿ߩੱ⊛⒖േ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻߣᱧผ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ߣ᡽ᴦ╬ ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㅪ⛯ᕈߣᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ࠊࠆၮ␆࠺࡯࠲‫ޔ‬ᄌൻࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆⅣႺᜰᮡ‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊࠆ߆߆ߡߒߘޔ‬ዷ㐿ߩน⢻ᕈߣ⛮⛯⊛⾗ᢱ⫾Ⓧߩᗧ⟵╬ߦߟ޿
ߡᢛℂࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿾⺞ᩏߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬߆ࠄ  ᐕ  ᦬߹ߢߦ‫ޔ‬㤥ፉ࡮ᣂፉ࡮ญਯ᳗⦟ㇱ࡮᩵ፉએᄖߩ㣮ఽፉ⋵ౝో᦭ੱፉౣ⸰ࠍ㊀ߨߡ޿ࠆ‫⤘ޕ‬ᄢߥ౮⌀⾗ᢱ╬ߩ⫾Ⓧࠍరߦߒߚዷ㐿ߪ⚕㕙ߩㇺวߢഀᗲߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞 ፉ೎࠺࡯࠲ߣ‫ޟ‬㆏ߩፉ‫⊛ޠޘ‬Ⴚ⇇࡮੤ᵹ࡮ㅪ⛯ᕈ⎇ⓥ⫾Ⓧߩߚ߼ߦ‫ోߕ߹ޔ‬㣮ఽፉ᦭ੱፉ ߣᬌ⸛߇ᔅⷐߥήੱፉ ߩ਄⸥  ⅣႺߩ⋧੕Ყセၮ␆⾗ᢱࠍ‫ ╙ ࠬ࠳ࡑࠪޡ‬‫ ⽷ ޢ‬ᣣᧄ㔌ፉ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ࿾రፉᎩ߆

182ࠄߊߺ਄ߍߡ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩ ╬ࠍၮ␆⾗ᢱߣߒߡ↪޿ߡ‫ߦ⊛⋡ᧄޔ‬㑐ࠊࠆ✚วⅣႺߦߟ޿ߡᛮ☴ߒߡឝタߔࠆ‫ ߢߎߎޕ‬#⥄ὼⅣႺ$$↥ᬺ࡮⚻ᷣⅣႺ ߎߎߢߪፉ㑆ㅪ៤࡮᳇୥Ꮕ㑐ㅪ╬ߦ㒢ቯ %%ੱᢥ␠ળⅣႺߣ⇛⸥ߔࠆ‫ࠚ࠴࠲࡯࠺ࠆ߆߆ޕ‬ච ಽ᧦ઙߩ⏕⹺૞ᬺߦߥࠆ‫ ޕ‬᜝ᒐᦠ߈ߪ⵬⿷
࠶ࠢߪᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈‫✚ޟ‬วⅣႺ‫ߩޠ‬ච⺑᣿ਗ߮ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊߴ߈ෳ⠨੐㗄╬ߣߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬૞ᬺߣวࠊߖߡ✚ว⊛ὐᬌࠍⴕ߁‫ ޕ‬ශߪήੱፉ=?ౝᢙ୯ߪήੱൻᐕ=࿾ၞ ૒ᄙጧએർ࡮⨲၂⟲ፉએർએ⷏? ₑ ሶፉ # ࠕࡦࡕ࠽ࠗ࠻ൻ⍹ $ ࠕࠝࠨ ࡅ࠻ࠛࠣࠨ ‫ ࡦࡐࠦ࠺ޔ‬% 㐳ፒᾢᧄᣇ⸒ દ ໊ፉ # ή㔮࿾Ꮺ $ ࠕࠝࠨ࡮ࡉ࡝╬㙃ᱺ‫⿒ޔ‬࿯ࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕ࡮ࠠ࠿ࠨࡗࠛࡦ࠼
࠙ % ᕺᲧኼ⑂᨞ᯅ࿖ ┙౏࿦ $ ࠕࠝࠨ࡮ࡉ࡝╬㙃ᱺ‫⿒ޔ‬࿯ࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕ‫↸᧲ޔ‬ἑ ⻉ ᶆፉ # 㔕઄ᄤ⨲࿖ᷰߒ⦁⊒␽ߩ࿾ % ᕺᲧኼ⑂᨞ᯅධ 㒢࿾ 㐳 ፉ # ᶏ ਛ౏࿦ ⃜ℬઁ ᫪ᨋᶎߩ᫪ ᾖ⪲᮸ᨋ ࡅࡔ࠙࡜ࠫࡠ⥄↢࿾ධࡋࠧ⥄↢࿾࠰࠹࠷↸ᜰቯᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛࠷࡞ർᏫⴕ $ ᷷Ꮊࡒࠞࡦ⊒␽࿾⿒࿯ࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕࠗ࡞ࠞ࠙ࠝ࠶࠴ࡦࠣ᳓↥⒳⧣࠮ࡦ࠲࡯% ㆜໊૶⦁ṫ⌕  ᐕ೨ᣇ⒳ ሶፉ〭ࠅᱧผ᳃ଶ⾗ᢱ㙚᨞ᯅᓟ౞ზ ฎზ⑂ࠅ ਁ⪲ฏ⎼⒳࿖ ┙౏࿦ $ ࡉ࡝╬㙃ᱺ᳓↥ടᎿ᜚ὐ % ᨞ᯅ ┻ ፉ =?# 㔕઄ᄤ⨲࿖ ᩵ ፉ #$ ↘ፉㄭߊ߹ߢ಴Ṫ࡮✂Ṫ࡮ࠠࡖࡦࡊ࿾ % ኡ᡽ᐕ㑆ᄤ⨲߆ࠄቯᦼ⦁߇ή
޿㊄Ყ⟜ߐࠎ ⥄ⴡᶖ㒐㓌 
ᄢ ፉ # 㚍Ძ㣮  㗡 ᄢᱜᧃ㨪 ⋵┙⥄ὼ౏࿦ᣣᧄߩ᳓ᶎ႐  ㆬ࡮ᣣ=㒙ਭᩮ?ᄢ
ᧄߩฬ᧻  ㆬ $ ࡃࡦࠟࡠ࡯࡮ࠠࡖࡦࡊ࿾࡮ࠢࡠࠬࠞࡦ࠻࡝࡯% ㊄Ყ⟜␹␠⑂ᴒ ߩፉ # ࡆࡠ࠙ ਻Ꮊ⷏ጯർർ 㒢 ࡮ࠕࠦ࠙⥄↢࿾ደਭ₎  㗡  ᐕ
=ਠᧁ㊁?ᴒ
㨪 $ ᷰߒ㊒ࠅ⦁ % Ἦบ  ᐕ 
ᾖ ፉ # ⋵┙⥄ὼ౏࿦ % ␹␠ኻጯᓢ⑔࡮ᦺ㞲㒻Ꮏ਄㒽⎼᨞ᯅ
=ਠᧁ㊁?ᾖਭ ᄙፉ # ⍹Ἧ⍹࡮࠴ࡖ࡯࠻࡮ῂ㋶⍹ % ኻጯਭᄙፉ␹␠  ᐕᲤᷰፉ␹੐
=็਄?ਭ⊞ᅚᱫ↥ߩ᡿੐ ⥄ ὼ౏࿦ࡋࠧ⥄↢ർർ 㒢࿾Ꮺ ࿖ ↘ ፉ ਄࡮ਛ࡮ਅ↘ፉ਄࡮ਛ㑆᨞ᯅ # ⋵┙⥄❥ ᱺධ㒢࿾ẟᴧḓ⟲ ᜰቯᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ ࠞ࡜ࠬࡃ࠻ ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ ࠙ࡒࡀࠦ❥ంᐕ೨ࡃࠢ࠹࡝ࠕࠢࡠࡑ࠴࠙ࠬ ᄢ࠙࠽ࠡᄢ࠰࠹࠷ࠠࡆ࠽ࠧ࠽ࡑࠦ࠙ࡒ
ࠟࡔ↥ෆ㣮ߩሶ⊖ว $ ࡑ࡝ࡦࠬࡐ࡯࠷࡮ࠣ࡜ࠬࡏ࡯࠻ࡉ࡝㘺ઃṪ⏷ㅊ޿ㄟ

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ߺ ࠗࠝ࡯࠮ Ṫ⦁࿅ࡃ࡟࡯࠼࡮⥱ߎ߉┹੎ % ⛯ᣣᧄ♿㆜໊૶⦁  ᐕ ੱṫ⌕⍹╍ౝଂ⥰߆ߕࠄߚߡ ࠞࡦࡀࡦࠞ࠭࡜ O ᄢ✁ ⏷㘿὾߈ ᶏߦᛩߍᄢṪࠍ␨ࠆ ᶏァ⾂᳓࡮⾂὇ᚲ ᣣᷡᣣ㔺 ᄢᢝࡃࡗࠪ ࡉ࡝✂Ṫ ┥ችવ⺑ᔨ੽⊒␽ߩ࿾ትᢎᏧ਄㒽⸥ᔨ⎼⦹⬂ߩ❱‛ ਎ ⇇໑৻ ࠻ࠪ࠼ࡦ ࠽ࡑࡂࠥ࡞࡯࠷⺑ ᕺᲧኼ߆ߕ߈ ᶏਛࠃࠅ ᱧผ᳃ଶ⾗ᢱ㙚ᵤ ୖἑ # ᅢṪ႐ $ ᐕ⸷߃ߦࠃࠅࠞ࠷ࠝṪਅ↘ፉᵿᣇߣද⼏ࡑࠣ 㣔 ፉ࡮ᵤࡠṪਅ↘ߩߺ % ⴕ ᡽ᚲዻਇቯ
=═ᴕ?᪋᪋ ᢝፉ $ ㊒႐ % ᚢᓟ৻ᤨṪᬺ⠪ዬ૑ፉᵤኅ⦁ㆆ࿾┙ ⠀ፉ # ⋵┙⥄ὼ౏࿦ $ ㊒႐㙃ᱺ╱ % ᚢᓟ৻ᤨᦼṪᬺ⠪ዬ૑=═ᴕ?┙
␹ ࡁፉ # ⛘ო $ ⦁㊒ % ⍹␻ ㊁㑆␹␠ൻ₀㛍േવ⺑ =═ᴕ?␹ ቝ ᴦ⟲ፉ╙  ㇱ⹦⚦  ⨲ ၂⟲ፉ╙  ㇱ⹦⚦ ࿖ᜰቯ㠽㠽 ₞଻⼔඙࡮․೎࿾ၞ

ᨀ ℾፉ?# ࡇࡠ࠙ᶖᶖ Ṍ  ᐕ બណบ㘑ߢᷫዋߩᓟ ψࠪࡖ࡝ࡦ ᴒ ⑺⋡ፉ =?=ᨀࡃࠗ࡮ࡂࡑࡅࠨࠞࠠ╬ߩ㔀ᧁᨋ $ ಴૞  ᐕ㗃߹ߢ 㘑ኂ㊁ࡀ࠭ࡒ ㊒႐ % ᚢ೨ ਎ᏪඨㄘඨṪ㓉 ⿠  ᐕᒰᤨ MO ᶏጯ✢߇ඨᷫ੩ㇺᄢቇἫἫ ጊ⎇ⓥ⸳ ᣂ ፉ=Άፉ?# ྃἫ㓉஻㈩⟎ᚲ $ Ⴎ࡮㘑࡮∳ߖߚ࿯ფߢ⠹࿾௖߆ % ⽴Ⴆ᪉ፉ⿒᳓߆ࠄ  ᐕ㗃⒖૑޽ࠅᚢᓟ  ੱψ⃻࿷㜞㦂  ੱಽᩞ  ᐕᑄᩞ࿖ ┙౏࿦ᶏᶏ ਛ౏࿦‫ޕ‬㔀ᧁᨋ࡮ጊ⟠㊁↢ൻ‫ࡗ࠴࠙ޕ‬ ᴒ ዊ ߅ߎ߇ ፉ # 㔵ፉደਭ࿖Ꮧ ዋ⒳ᷰࠅ㠽❥ᱺ࿾ $ ᪉ፉ߆ࠄ಴૞  ᐕ߹ߢ‫ޕ‬ψડࡑ࠮ࡦ࠾ࡘ࠙⛘ṌෂᗋᏗᬺ⾈෼ψᏒ᳃᦭࿾⾈޿਄ߍψᏒ᳃ᙑ޿ߩ႐⸘↹ਛᱛ % ㄭ਎ዬ૑ ᳓೑ߦᕺ߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ ⮋⧷ᚢ੎⮋៺⮲⎔บ〔ㄝ ↰ዊ ߳ߚߎ ፉ ᴒዊፉߣߩ  ፉߢ‫␹ޟ‬␹ ㅧፉ‫ޠ‬ ᑯ ᄤፉ࡮ㄝ# ᅢṪ႐ጊ⟠ $ㄝ↰ዊፉ⍹᧚㙃ᱺ႐ⷰశળ␠㐿⊒࡮ㅍ㔚࡮ਇቯᦼⷰశ⦁ભ⥶ % ᄹ⦟ᤨઍ߆
ࠄ␹ㅧፉ⛯ᣣᧄ♿ᄢⓣᜬ␹ߦࠃࠆፉㅧࠅ‫ޕ‬Ṫද㠽ዬ  ၮᳯ ਯፉ ᑯᄤፉ
=ု᳓?ᳯ# 㔵ፉደਭ࿖࿖ ┙౏࿦㤥᧻ $ Ꮢ᦭࿾߆ߞߡᶏ᳓ᶎ႐࡮ࡃ

ࡦࠟࡠ࡯% ᑯ⽷ᄤψㄭ਎⩲ේ␹␠ߣᷙ੤ψᤘ๺ೋᦼ࡮ᾍ⨲␹␠࿖ ┙౏࿦╙  ⒳․೎࿾ၞᄢầਛầ⍾ᎺᏗᏗ ዋ⒳࠽
 ⍮ ᨋࡩፉ =?# 㔵ፉደਭ࿖ࡦࠧࠢࠞࡕࡔ࠭࡞ઁ $ ಴૞ψ ᐕ᧲੩ડᬺ⾈෼ψ ᐕᜰኋᏒ % ర࿾ర⷗ᒛኅᣖዬ૑

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=૒ᄙ?ᨀᨀ ℾፉ # 㔵ፉደਭ࿖࿖ ┙౏࿦ᐕᐔဋ᳇᷷  ᐲࠝࠝࡒ࠭࠽ࠡ㠽❥❥ᱺ࿾‫ޕ↢⥄╬ࠠࠞࠨࡅࡑࡂ࡮ࠗࠤ࠶࠾ࡃ࡞ࠕޕ‬$ ඨẜ᳓ဳ᳓ਛዷᦸ⦁ ベፉ # 㔵ፉደਭ࿖࿖ ┙౏࿦ዊἠᧁ࡮࠰࠹࠷⟲⪭‫ޕ‬ᶏ㠽ᷰࠅ㠽ਛ⛮࿾‫ޕ‬$% ૒ᄙጧἮบ ᳯᚭ᧦⚂  ᐕ ᳇ ⽎᷹ⷰᬺോ  ᐕ㨪 ᨀ ℾፉ # ᣣධᶏጯ࿖࿖ ቯ౏࿦࿖࿖ ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ ోፉᬀ‛‫ޟ‬ᨀℾፉ੝ᾲᏪᕈ ᔒᏓᔒ?ᨀ
ᬀ‛⟲⪭‫ޠ‬ᄢᱜ  ᐕ ․೎ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ౣᜰቯ  ᐕ ‫࠙ࠦࠕ࡮ࠗࠫ࠳ࠞޕ‬␹ ␠␠࿾ ߚ߼ߦᬀᬀ╬ኒ↢ $ ᶏ᳓ᶎ႐࡮ࡆࡠ࠙⚦Ꮏ એ೨ % ๺㌃ᐕઍᑪ┙ᨀℾ␹↢ߩේᆎᕈ߇㜞޿   ౮⌀  ═ᴕᕺᲧኼߢߩឝ␜       ࡇࡠ࠙ߪ੝ᾲᏪ
ᕈᬀ↢ߩ⽎ᓽߢ
޽ࠅ‫ޟޔ‬ᨀℾፉ‫ޠ‬ߪ਻Ꮊᧄፉ⋥ㄭ       ߦหฬ߇ਃፉ߽
޽ࠆ‫਻ޕ‬Ꮊᧄ࿯       ㄭㄝ㤥ầߩᒰߚ
ࠆߣߎࠈ߹ߢᬀ
↢⊛ߦ߽੝ᾲᏪ
ၞ߇⡺⭯ߒߡ޿
ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬
=࿾ၞ  એ਄ዊ⸘  ፉ ߩ᭎᜝?࿖ ┙౏࿦⻉ᶆፉ┻ፉᴒዊፉ=ု᳓?ᳯਯፉ=૒ᄙ?ᨀℾፉᄢベፉ㔵ፉደਭ࿖࿖ ቯ౏࿦=ᔒᏓᔒ?ᨀℾፉ  ࿖ 㠽₞଻⼔඙࡮․೎࿾ၞ⨲၂⟲ፉᣣධᶏጯ࿖․ ೎ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ ోፉᬀ‛=ᔒᏓᔒ?ᨀℾፉࡋࠧ⥄↢ ↘ፉ ࿖․࿖ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ ࠞ࡜ࠬࡃ࠻ ↘ፉ   ⋵┙⥄ὼ౏࿦=㒙ਭᩮ?ᄢፉ↘ፉᾖፉ
ᶏਛ౏࿦㐳ፉᴒዊፉ࠺࡯࠲ ᄢベፉ૒ᄙጧἮบ᳇⽎᷹ⷰᬺോ
ධ㒢࿾ࡅࡔ࠙࡜ࠫࡠ⥄↢࿾ 㐳ፉ ࠙ࡒࡀࠦ❥ᱺ࿾ ↘ፉ ർ㒢࿾ࡆࡠ࠙਻Ꮊ⷏ጯ ᴒߩፉ ࡋࠧ⥄↢࿾ ↘ፉ ⛘Ṍෂᗋᷰࠅ㠽❥ᱺ࿾ ࠙࠴ࡗࡑ࠮ࡦ࠾ࡘ࠙ ᴒዊፉ ౖဳ⊛ᢥൻવ᠞ ⒳ሶፉ〭ࠅψ㐳ፉ࡮↘ፉ࠻ࠪ࠼ࡦ ࠽ࡑࡂࠥψ↘ፉ⺑ 

185



 =࿾ ၞ ⒳ ሶ ፉ એ ධ ደ ਭ ፉ એ ർ ? ⒳ ሶ ፉ# ࠷ ࠠ ࠗ ࠥ ⥄ ↢ ⟲ ⪭࡜ ࠨ ࠠ࡮ࡗ ࠢ ࠲ ࡀ ࠧ ࡛ ࠙ ࡑ ࠷࡮ጤ ᶏ ⧡໡ ᬺ ↪ ධ 㒢

↞ ⬪

ർ 㒢

ࡑ ࠥ ࠪ ࠞ ࠲ ࠞ ࠢ ࡑ ࡓ⛘ Ṍ ෂ ᗋ ⒳㋕ ᵿ ᶏ ጯ ࠽ ࠟ ࡜ ࡔ໡ ຠ ↢ ↥ ർ 㒢ࡒ ࡅ ࡞ ࠡ࡮࠰ ࠹ ࠷⥄ ↢ ⟲ ⪭ ᣣ ᧄ ৻ ᄢ ࠰ ࠹ ࠷ ࠹ ࠶ ࡐ ࠙ ࠩ ࠢ ࡜ ࠹ ࠶ ࡐ ࠙ ࡙ ࡝ ࠕ ࠦ ࠙ ࡮ ࡮ ࠙ ࡒ ࠟ ࡔ ↥ ෆ ࿾ ‫ ࡮ ࡮ ࡮ ࠪ ࡉ ࠦ ࠻ ޔ‬$ ࿖ ↥ ╙  ภ ㋕ ⎔ ⒳ ሶ ፉ ㌳ ࠨ ࡯ ࡈ ࠖ ࡦ ⡛ ࿾ ᣣ ᧄ ৻ ᣧ ޿ࠦ ࠪ ࡅ ࠞ ࡝ ᦬ ೋ ߼ ⧣ ઍห ߅ ⨥ ⿒ ☨ ᵿ ࠕ ࠩ ࡒ ૈ ᾚ ᫪ ᨋ

⚵ ว ጊ ⩿ ട Ꮏ ᚲ 㔌 ፉ 021 ╙  ภ ㄘ ኅ ᚲ ᓧ ⋵ ਄ ૏వ ㅴ ࿾ ౎ ਂ ፉ ࠍ ਄ ࿁ ࠆࡦ᦬ ᩶࿦ ⧓ ૞ ‛

ࠧ ࡞ ࡈ ႐ ⒳ ሶ ፉ ࡓ ࡜ ࠨ ࠠ ࠗ ࡖ ࠾ߨ ߓ ᢥ ൻ ᆎ ߹ ࠅ  ᐕ ⒳ ሶ ፉ ቝ ቮ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ೋ ቝ ቮ ᡼ ㅍ ⴡ ᤊ ࠁ ࠅ  ภ࡮ ࡮ % ㋕ ⎔ વ ᧪  ᐕ ᣣ ⫁ ୃ ᅢ ⸥ ᔨ ⎼ࠅ↞ ⮷ ᩱ ၭ ೋ ࿾⛯⧷ ࿖ Ꮤ ⦁ ṫ ⌕ ᐕ ᣣ ᧄ ᐕ ☨ ࿖ Ꮤ ⦁ ṫ ⌕ ᐕᄢ 〭 ࠅ࡮ᄢ ⊛ ᆎ ᑼ࡮ᮮ ጊ ⋆ 〭࡮㕙 〭࡮ᐳ ᢝ ⥰࡮ࠧ ࡑ ࡯᳃ ଶ ᢥ ൻ ⽷ ࠻ ࠪ ࠼ ࡦ⿒ ☨ ߩ ⥰ ᓳ ᵴ ᐕ ߹ ߢ ⃻ ᓎ૑ ቛ ᐕᮮ ፄ ㆮ 〔࡮ᐢ ↰ ㆮ 〔ᢥ ൻ ⽷ ἑ 㘑 ํ

ਣ ᧁ ⦁

Ⰼ ⥰

⿒ ☨

ධ ߩ ፉ ‫ ߢ ޘ‬໑ ৻ᣥ ⍹ ེ ␕ ⟲  ਁ  ජ ᐕ ೨ᣣ ᧄ ᦨ ฎ ᢥ ሼ‫ ޟ‬ጊ ‫ޠ‬ᶏ ᳓ ὾ ⍹ 㘑 ํ⒳ ሶ ፉ↸ ጊ ፒ Ḯ ᄥ ㇢ 〭 ⋵ ή ᒻᄢ ᥂ ᣣ ⴕ ੐ ↘ ፉ ߆ ࠄ ߩ ⒖ ૑ ⠪ᩉ ↰ ࿖ ↵ ‫ ޟ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫࠻ ࡯ ࡞ ☨ ޠ ޘ‬℄ ⃿ ࠃ♿ ᓼ ⑂ ⛮

 ᐕ ψ ࠗ ࡦ ࠡ ࡯ 㢚 ↸ ᢥ ൻ ⽷࡮ ቲ ḩ ␹ ␠ ⿒ ☨ ↰ ⑂

਎ ⇇

ฎ Ꮢ ኅ

࿖ ᜰ ቯ ㊀ ⷐᆌ ᆂ ㇺ Ꮢ ࡐ ࡞ ࠻ ࠟ ࡞ ࡧ ࠖ ࡜࡮ ࠼ ࡮ ࡆ ࠬ ࡐ Ꮢ ࠨ ࡯ ࡈ ࠔ ࡯ + ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ⵍ ἴ ፉ ᳃ 㐿 ნ ࡮ 㑐 ଥ ⠪⒖ ૑↘ ፉ ࡮ ᪉ ፉ ࡮ ਈ ⺰ ፉ ࡮ ᴒ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ፉ ઁᱧ ผ ᳃ ଶ ⾗ ᢱ 㙚 

ධ ⒳ ሶ ↸ ㇹ ࿯ 㙚 ⿒ ☨ 㙚  㚍 Ძ ፉ  # ࡑ ࠥ ࠪ ࠞ࠾ ࡎ ࡦ ࠫ ࠞ ੝ ⒳࠰ ࠽ ࡟ ࠪ ࡃ ࡮ ࡂ ࡑ ࠟ࡜ ࠪ ࡮ ᤊ ⍾ ർ 㒢 ࿾ ‫ ࠗ ࡝ ࡂ ࡔ ࡅ ޔ‬ධ 㒢 ࿾ ‫  ޔ‬ᐕ ⪭ 㔗 Ἣ ἴ ోፉ  ὾ ᄬ ‫ ޕ‬⠉ ᐕ ࠻ ࡁ ࠨ ࡑ ࡃ ࠶ ࠲ ⇣ Ᏹ ❥ ᱺ ‫ ⃜ ޕ‬ℬ ࿾ ၞ ‫ ޕ‬$ ࠻ࡆ ࠙ ࠝ ട Ꮏ ߆ ࠄ ᆎ ߹ ࠆ ‫  ޕ‬ᐕ ⵾ ♧ Ꮏ ႐ ‫  ޕ‬ᐕ ർ ᶏ ㆏ ㈼ ㄘኅ ‫  ޕ‬ᐕ ࡟ ࠫ ࡖ ࡯ 㐿 ⊒ ᭴ ᗐ ‫  ޕ‬ᐕ ⍹ ᴤ ࿖ ኅ ஻ ⫾ ၮ ࿾ ᭴ ᗐ ↪

186

࿾ ⾈ ෼ ‫ ޕ‬ቝ ቮ ᓔ ㆶ ᯏ ⌕ 㒽 ႐ ᭴ ᗐ ‫ ޕ‬㊒ ႐ ‫ ޕ‬% ቄ ▵ ቯ ૑Ṫ ᬺ ᮭψ ‐ 㘺 ⢒᣿ ᴦ ೋψ ᡽ ᐭ ✰ ⟠ 㘺 ⢒ ᚲ․ ᮭ ⊛ ᐕψ ήੱ ፉ ψ  ᐕ ᚢ ᓟ ✕ ᕆ 㐿 ᜏ ψ  ᐕ  ੱ ψ ࡑ ࠥ ࠪ ࠞ 㘩 ኂ࡮ 㘑 ኂ ࡮ ᐓ ߫ ߟ ψ  ᐕ ή ੱ ፉ ψ  ᐕ  ੱ ૑ ᳃ ౣ ⊓ ㍳  ደ ਭ ፉ  # ਎ ⇇ ⥄ ὼ ㆮ ↥  ᐕ ‫ ޟ‬ᵗ ਄ ࠕ ࡞ ࡊ ࠬ ‫  ޠ‬⒳ᬀ ‛ ߩ ု ⋥ ಽ Ꮣ ࡜ ࡓ ࠨ ࡯ ࡞ ᧦ ⚂ ‫ ޟ‬ᣣ ᧄ ৻ ߩ ࠙ ࡒ ࠟ ࡔ ↥ ෆ࿾ ‫ ޠ‬࿖ ┙ ౏ ࿦ ‫ޔ‬ห ଻ ⼔ ࿾ ඙㟎 ਯ Ꮉ ਄ ᵹ‫ ਻ޔ‬Ꮊ ᦨ 㜞 ፄ     O ࠟ ࠫ ࡘ ࡑ ࡞ ർ 㒢 ࡗ ࠢ ࠩ ࡞࠾ ࡎ ࡦ ࠩ ࡞ ੝ ⒳ࡗ ࠢ ࠪ ࠞ ࡗ ࠢࠪ ࡦ ࠕ ࠞ ࠞ ࠶ ࠦ ࠙ ࡝ ࡘ ࡯ ࠠ ࡘ ࡯ ࡂ ࠪ ࡉ ࠻ ࠟ ࡜ ࠬ 㜞 ጊ ᬀ ‛ ⒳ ࿕ ᦭ ⒳ࡗ ࠢ ࠪ ࡑ ࠞ ࡢ ࠧ ࡠ ࡕ ⋵ ᜰ ቯ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛⒳ ࿕ ᦭ ᄌ ⒳ ‫ ⛘ޕ‬Ṍ ෂ ᗋ ⒳ ࡗ ࠢ ࠲ ࡞ ࠧ ࡛ ࠙ ‫ޕ‬ਛ 㑆 ࠟ ࠫ ࡘ ࡑ ࡞ᜰ ቯ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛↸‫ ⃜ ޕ ࡞ ࡯ ࡊ ࠼ ࠗ ࠲ ޕ‬ℬ ‫ ޕ‬㜞 ጀ Ḩ ේ ‫ ޟ‬ᣣ ᧄ ߩ㊀ ⷐ Ḩ ේ ‫ ޕ ޠ‬Ṛ ‫ ޟ‬ᣣ ᧄ ߩ Ṛ  ㆬ ‫ ࠤ ࠦ ޕ ޠ‬㘃  ⒳ ‫ ޕ‬㔎㊂ ᣣ ᧄ ৻♿ દ ඨ ፉ ߩ ࿖ ┙ ౏ ࿦ ․ ೎ ଻ ⼔ ࿾ ၞ ᄢ บ ࡩ ේ ᣣ ಴ ࡩጪ OOบ 㘑 ᤨ  ᣣ OO ߣ ෺ ⅜ ‫ ޕ‬ደ ਭ ፉ ߣ ᷷ Ꮺ ⽕ 㔎 ࿾Ꮺ 㤥 ầ ࡮ ᕆ ፋ ࿾ ᒻ ࡮ 㕖 Ἣ ጊ ᕈ 㓉 ⿠ ࿾ ⾰ ߣ ࿾ ၞ ߩ 㘃 ૃ ᕈ ߇ 㜞޿ ᐕ ᐔ ဋ ୯ ߣ = 㔎 ㊂ ߩ ᄙ ߆ ߞ ߚ     ᐕ ୯ ? ࠍ ⷗ ࠆ ߣ ‫ޔ‬ደ ਭ

ፉ

ⓨ

᷼

᷹

୥

ᚲ

OO=OO?

⨹

Ꮉ

࠳

ࡓ

ᮡ

㜞

OOO=OO?ዊ ᧖ ⼱ ᮡ 㜞 O ߢ OO=OO?ᶰ
Ꮉ =      O O ? ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ోޕ‬࿖ ৻ ᢧ 㝼 ⒳ ࿖ ൓ ⺞ ᩏ 㝼 ⒳ ᣣ ᧄ ৻㜞 ⍮⋵ ᨰ ፉ ߽ ᣣ ᧄ ৻ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ  ෺ ⅜   ᐕ㜞⍮ᄢቇᶏᵗ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ႎ๔ߢߪ‫  ⑼ ޔ‬⒳㝼㘃⋧⏕⹺‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟᧂ⸥タ⒳ᣂ⒳࡮ᣣᧄೋ⸥㍳⒳╬ߢ ⒳ㄭߊ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄᴪጯߢߪ⃻࿷⚂  ⒳ߩ㝼ࠍ⏕⹺‫ޕ‬㤥ầߣߘࠇએᄖߩᵹࠇ‫ߡߒߘޔ‬ᾲᏪ㝼㘃߇⥝๧ᷓ޿‫ޟ‬⒳ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ߺ↢ࠍޠ‬಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ $ ࠟ ࠫ ࡘ ࠷ṽ ᣇ ⮎ ⨲㚂 ᛬ ࠇ ࠨ ࡃ ߐ ߫ ▵ ደ ਭ ᧖ Ꮏ ⧓ ደਭ ࠻ ࡠ ⨥ ࡆ ࡢ ࡐ ࡦ ࠞ ࡦ₎ ⵍ ኂ ኻ ╷ࠛ ࠦ ࠷ ࡯ ࡝ ࠭ ࡓ ឃ᳓ ၮ Ḱ RRO ࿖ RRO ࿯ ၒ ᧁ ೑ ↪ ✽ ᢥ ᳓ ᵹ ⦁ ᶏ ਛ ᷷ ᴰ ‫ޕ‬౏ ↪ 㔚 ᳇ ⥄ േ ゞ ‫ ޕ‬㔚 ജ᳓ ജ ⊒ 㔚 ‫ ޕ‬ᴱ ᅤ ┻ᳯ ᚭ ೋ ᦼ ఌ ቇ⠪ ߢ ደ ਭ ᧖ બ ណ ൘ ߼ ࠆ‫ ޕ‬ደ ਭ ፉ 㕍 ዋ ᐕ ᣏ ⴕ ᧛ ‫ ޕ‬ၸ ⢈ ൻ ࠮ ࡦ࠲ ࡯ ‫ ޕ‬021 ደ ਭ ፉ ߁ ߺ ߇ ߼ 㙚 ‫ ޕ‬0)1 ࡗ ࠢ ࠲ ࡀ ࠧ ࡛ ࠙ ⺞ ᩏ 㓌 ‫ ޕ‬

187



% 㓐 ᦠ  ᐕ ᣣ ᧄ ᦠ ♿  ᐕ ᧄ Ꮊ࡮྾ ࿖ ߣ એ ධ ߩ ፉ ‫ࠍ ޘ‬⚿ ߱ ㊀ ⷐ ᜚ ὐ ⋉ ᢇ ␹ ␠ᑧ ༑ ᐕ 㑆 ᅏ ች ች ਯ ᶆ ጪ‫ߩ ߩ ߽ ޟ‬ߌ ᆢ ‫ ࡞ ࠺ ࡕ ߩ ޠ‬㘧 㝼 ᜗ ߈  ᐕ 㐓 ⌀ ነ ᷼ ት ᢎ Ꮷ ࠪ ࠼ ࠶ ࠴ ᐕ ደ ਭ ፉ ᙗ ┨  ᐕ ደ ਭ ፉ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᢥ ൻ ⽷ ࿅᧛ ࡮ ⎇ ୃ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ ᧛ ਛ ᔃ ᣉ ⸳ਭ ፉ ਎ ⇇ ㆮ ↥ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯Ⅳ Ⴚ ᢥ ൻደ ਭ ፉ ↥ ᬺ ᢥ ൻ ⎇ ⓥ ᚲ ࡮ ደ⎇ ⓥ ᜚ ὐࡗ ࠢ ࠬ ࠡ ࡜ ࡦ ࠼ደ ਭ ፉ⥄ ὼ ભ 㙃 ᨋ ࡮ ᫪ ᴰ ࿖ ౝ ᦨ ᄢ ⚖ ᄥ 㓁 శ ⊒ 㔚 ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ਄ ደ ਭ↸ ᱧ ผ ᳃ ଶ ⾗ ᢱ 㙚 + ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ᢥ ൻ ੱ ‫ ޕ‬ ญ ਯ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ፉ  # ᵴ Ἣ ጊ  ᐕ ᄢ ῜ ⊒࿁ ᐕ એ 㒠 ߢ ࿖ ᜰ ቯ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛ ࠛ ࡜ ࡉ ࠝ ࠝ ࠦ ࠙ ࡕ ࡝ ᣂ ੝ ⒳ ࠢ ࠴ ࡁࠛ ࡜ ࡉ ࡁ ࠦ ࠡ ࡝ ࠢ ࡢ ࠟ ࠲ ‫ࠤ ࠞ ࡟ ࠳ ࡛ޕ‬ጤ ේ ਄ ߩ ේ ↢ ᨋඨ 㒽 ↢ 㝼ᬁ ߩ ᨋṁࠛ ࡜ ࡉ ࠪ ࠞ ઁ $ ᄢ ฬ ┻ ࡮ ᬁ ⨧ ࡮ ๺ ‐ ࡮ ḡ ᴦ

႐ % ✽ ᢥ ᒎ ↢ ᑼ ࿯ ེ  ⒳ ሶ ፉ ᳁ ᡰ ㈩ ਅ ᤨ ઍ  ᫔ 〭 ࡮ ᣣ ߩ ᧄ 〭 ‫ޕ‬  ┻ ፉ  # ࠝ ࠝ ࡒ ࠭ ࠽ ࠡ 㠽 ߥ ߤ ᷰ 㠽 ‫  ࠢ ࠴ ࠙ ࡘ ࠠ ࠙ ࡘ ࡝ޔ‬὾߈ ⇌ 〔 ࿾ $ ᄢ ฬ ┻ ᳓ ᾚ ᣣ ᧄ ৻ ፉ ᳃ ✚ േ ຬ ෼ ⓠ ࡮ 㤥 ‐ % ✽ ᢥᓟ ᦼ ㆮ 〔 ㆜ ໊ ૶ች㚍 ᣇ 〭ࠞ ࠶ ࡊ ᐕ 㔍 ⎕ ᐔ ኅ Ⴤ ⍹ ⟲ ⡛ ᄢ ฬ ␹ ␠ ᐕ ᧪ ∊ ≙ ᵹ ⴕ 㒐 ᱛ ᐕ ࿖ ࿯ ᐡ 㐳 ቭ ⾨

ೋ ጊ ೋ ⏷

᦬ ᣣ

┥

ਃ ፉ



 ⎫ 㤛 ፉ  # ᵴ Ἣ ጊ $ ⎫ 㤛 ⮲ ㊀ ⷐ ⾏ ᤃ ຠ ᣿ ᴦ ೋ ᐕ 㨪 ᐕ ᧄ ᩰ ណ ជ ࠢ ࠫ ࡖ ࠢ㐽 ㎮ ࡝ ࠱ ࡯ ࠻ ᣉ ⸳ 㑐 ଥ$ ᄢ ฬ ┻ ᳓ᾚ ࿖ ೋ ᧛ ༡ 㘧 ⴕ ႐ 㝩 ⇇ ፉ ᬞ ᧛ ᫪ ᨋ ᶎ ߩ ᫪ ᶏ ጯ ᷷ ᴰ ࠪ ࡖ࡝ ࡦ ࡃ ࠗ ࿅ ሶ ‫ ޕ‬% ᐔ ኅ ⪭ ੱ વ ⺑  ᐕ ᵿ ᱌ ⥰ પ ‫ ޟ‬ବ ኡ ‫ో ޠ‬࿖ ᡼ ㅍ ବ ኡ ㅍ ࠅ Ἣࡖ ࡦ ࡌᩇ ᧻ ⋆ ⴕ ੐ࠕ ࡈ ࡝ ࠞ ᭉ ེ࡮ፉ ሶ ߤ ߽ ㆐ ߽ ో ࿖ ࠷ ࠕ ࡯ ࡮ห ⎇ ୃ ᚲ ౎ ᦳ ᄥ 㥏 〭  ᐕ 㨪 ᾢ ㊁ ␹ ␠ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ =ਃ ፉ ዊ ਛ ቇ Њ 㤥 ፉ ᤘ ๺ ⎫ 㤛 ፉ 㤥 ፉ㆜ ໊ ૶ シ ᄢ ⤿ Ꮻ ㅜ ᴚ ࠫ࿖ ┙ ഍ ႐ ಴ Ṷ

ᴱ ዊ ਛ ቇ Њ ච ፉ ᧛ ዊ ਛ ቇ ?‫ ޕ‬# ᐕ ᶏ ᐩ Ἣ ጊ ྃ Ἣ ߢ ⺀ ↢ # ࠣ ࡝ ࡯ ࡦ ࡈ ࡜ ࠶ ࠪ ⃻ ⽎ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޽ ࠅ‫ ࡆ ࡟ ࠹ޕ‬ળ ⼏⨲ ၂ ⟲ ፉ ᄕ ᣣ ߇ ✛ ߦ ⷗ ߃$ ․ ↥ ຠ ട Ꮏ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ ࡮ ㊒ ࡮ ᬁ ⨧ ᧛ ༡ ㄘ ႐ % ✽ᢥ ᓟ ᦼ ࡮ ᒎ ↢ ㆮ 〔 ᐔ ኅ ౏ ㆐ ᄢ ㉿ ࡮ ᱞ ⠪ 

ᴱ વ ⺑ ‫ޕ‬ᐔ ኅ ၔ 

188

〔 ࿾

ᶏ ጯ ㇱ Ḩ ᳇࡮∉ ∛ ߢ ᡼ ᫈ᨉ ፒ Ṫ ⦁ ࿅  ฬ ᱫ ੢વ ⺑ ‫ޕ‬㤥 ầ ᵹ ࠇ㤥 ፉ 㕙 〭

 ᐕ 㑆 ⛮ ⛯ ᐕ  ᦬ੑ ᦬ 〭 ࡮ ࠽ࠡ ࠽ ࠲ 〭 ‫ ᦭ޕ‬ศ ૒ ๺ ሶ‫ޕޢ ޿ ߥ ࠇ ߔ ࠊ ߪ ⑳ ޡ‬㕍 ᐕ 㙚 ‫ ᧛ޕ‬᳃ ࠽ࠗ ࠻ ࡃ ࡯ ‫ ≮ ⸻ ޕ‬ᚲ ߣ ᣣ ⿒ ∛ 㒮 ߣ ߩ 㕒 ᱛ ↹ ௝ વ ㅍ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ‫ ޕ‬












        ౮ ⌀  㐓 ⌀ ⸥ ᔨ 㙚 ߩ ឝ ␜ ‛ =ደ ਭ ፉ ࡮ ⒳ ሶ ፉ ㄭ ㄝ ߪ ਛ ࿖ ߆ ࠄ ਻ Ꮊ ᧄ ࿯ ߳ ߩ ᢥ ‛ ⒖ ౉ ߩ ᦨ⚳ ⷐ ᚲ⿒ ☨ ࡮ ੽ ᢎ ᥉ ෸ ࡮ ㆜ ໊ ૶‫ ߚ ߹ ޕ‬ᐔ ኅ ⪭ ੱ ೔ ⌕ ၞ ╬ ?=࿾ၞ  એ਄ዊ⸘  ፉ ߩ᭎᜝?࿖ ┙౏࿦   ደ ਭ ፉ  ਎ ⇇ ⥄ ὼ ㆮ ↥   ደ ਭ ፉ 㔵ፉደਭ࿖࡜ ࡓ ࠨ ࡯ ࡞ ᧦ ⚂  ደ ਭ ፉ  ࿖ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ࠛ ࡜ ࡉ ࠝ ࠝ ࠦ ࠙ ࡕ ࡝ ⋵ᄤὼ⸥ᔨ‛ ࡗ ࠢ ࠪ ࡑ ࠞ ࡢ ࠧ ࡠ ࡕ

ደ ਭ ፉ



࿕ ᦭ ⒳ 㜞 ጊ ᬀ ‛  ⒳ ደ ਭ  ࿕ ᦭ ᄌ ⒳ 㜞 ጊ ᬀ ‛  ⒳ ደ ਭ ⛘Ṍෂᗋ⒳ࠞ ࠢ ࡑ ࡓ ࡜ ࠨ ࠠ
੝ ⒳  ࡑ ࠥ ࠪ ࠞ
ਭ ፉ

㚍 Ძ ፉ

⒳ ሶ

ࡗ ࠢ ࠲ ࡀ ࠧ ࡛ ࠙ደ ਭ ⒳ ሶࡗ ࠢ ࠩ ࡞ ࡮ ࡗ ࠢ ࠪ ࡑ ࠲ ࠧ ࠟ ࠛ ࡞ࠢ ࠴ ࡁ ࠛ ࡜ ࡉ ࡁ ࠦ ࠡ ࡝ ࠢ ࡢ ࠟ ࠲ደญ ਯ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ፉධ㒢࿾ ໡ ↪ ጤ ᶏ ⧡ ࡮ ਣ ᧁ ⦁ ࡮ ᷷ Ꮺ ᕈ ⷰ ⪲ ᬀ ‛ 㔺 ࿾ ᩱ ၭ ࡮ ᣧ ᦼ಴ ⩄ ⨥ ࡮ ห ࠦ ࠪ ࡅ ࠞ ࡝⒳ ሶ ፉർ㒢࿾ ࠷ ࠠ ࠗ ࠥ ⥄ ↢ ⟲ ⪭ ࡮ ໡ ຠ ↞ ⬪ࡅ ࡔ ࡂ ࡝ ࠗ
⒳ ሶ ፉ

㚍 Ძ ፉ



࠰ ࠽ ࡟ ࠪ ࡃ࡮ࡂ

189



ࡑ ࠟ ࡜ ࠪ ࡮ ᤊ ⍾㚍 Ძ ፉࠟ ࠫ ࡘ ࡑ ࡞ደ ਭ ፉ ㄭ ㄝᢥൻવ᠞ ⿒ ☨  ᩉ ↰ ࿖ ↵ ‫ ޟ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ࡦ ࠼ ࠪ ࠻ ޠ ޘ‬↘ ፉⵍ ἴ ψ ⒳ ሶ ፉ↘ ፉ ࡮ ᪉ ፉ ࡮ ਈ ⺰ ࡮ ᴒ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ઁ࿖ ᜰ ቯ ㊀ ⷐ ᢥ ൻ ⽷ ฎ Ꮢ ኅ ቛ ࡮ ᐢ ↰ ㆮ 〔

⒳ ሶ ፉ



ψ ⒳ ሶ ⋵ήᒻᢥൻ⽷ ⒳ ሶ ፉ ᄢ 〭 ࠅ  ᄢ ⊛ ᆎ ᑼ ࡮ ᮮ ጊ ⋆ 〭 ࡮ 㕙 〭 ࡮ ᐳ ᢝ⥰ ࡮ ࠧ ࡑ ࡯ ࡮ ቲ ḩ ␹ ␠ ⿒ ☨ ↰ ⑂ ࡮ ↸ ጊ ፒ Ḯ ᄥ ㇢ 〭 ߘ ߩ ઁ   ࠻ ࡁ ࠨ ࡑ ࡃ ࠶ ࠲ ⇣ Ᏹ ❥ ᱺ

㚍 Ძ ፉ



=േ ᬀ ‛ ಽ Ꮣ ߩ Ⴚ ⇇ ✢ ?
࿑  ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ⒳ ሶ ፉ એ ർ ߦ ਃ ቛ ✢ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ‫ = ߦ ߐ ߹ޕ‬࿾ ၞ  ?
ߣ =࿾ ၞ ?ߩ ፉ Ⴚ ⇇ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬೨ ㅀ ࿾ ၞ  ߩ ౝ ‫ ޔ‬ቝ ᴦ ࡮ ⨲ ၂ ⟲ፉ ߪ ⴕ ᡽ ඙ ߣ ߪ ⇣ ߥ ࠅ ⥄ ὼ Ⴚ ⇇ ߢ ߪ = ࿾ ၞ  ? ߦ ᧄ ᧪ ዻ ߔ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ᷰ ἑ ✢ ೎ ฬ 㕍 ᧁ ✢ ߪ ‫ ࡜ ࠞ ࠻ ޔ‬೉ ፉ ࠍ ᮮ ಾ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ߩ ߘ ޕ‬Ⴚ ⇇ ߩ ᓸ ᅱ ߥ Ⴚ ߇ ߤ ߁ ⒖ േ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ߩ ߆ ‫ޕ‬ᜰ ᮡ േ ‛ ߇ ߤ ߩ ࠃ߁ ߦ ⒖ േ ߒ ߡ ޿ ߊ ߩ ߆ ߽ ‫ ⹺ ⊛ ࡯ ࠨ ࡦ ࠮ ޔ‬⍮ ߩ ᗧ ⟵ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬߹ ߚ ᄶ ⟤ ߣ ᴒ ✽ ⻉ ፉ ߪ ৻ ૕ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ᢥ ൻ ⊛ ࡮ ᱧ ผ ⊛ㅪ ⛯ ᕈ ⹺ ⼂ ߣ ‫ޔ‬േ ᬀ ‛ Ⴚ ⇇ ߣ ߇ ㊀ ߥ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬න ߦ ᣇ ⸒ ߣ ߆ ፉ ເ ߣ߆ ᱧ ผ ᕈ ߣ ࿾ ᒻ ࿾ ⾰ ߣ ߆ એ ਄ ߩ ㊀ ߥ ࠅ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ᦝ ߦ వ ፉ ߇ ߘ ߩ ႙ ߆ ࠄ    ࿑  േ ᬀ ‛ ಽ Ꮣ ߩ Ⴚ ⇇ ✢ ಽ 㔌 ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ᴒ ✽ ౝ ߩ ಴ ᚲᄙ ᭽ ᕈ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޟ ޕ‬ᣇ ⸒ ‫ ޠ‬‫ ޟ‬᳇ ⾰ ࡮ ੱ ᩰ ‫ ߽ ߦ ޠ‬㆑ ޿ ࠍ ਥ ᒛ ߔ ࠆ ะ ߈ ߇ ޽ ࠆ ߇ േ ᬀ ‛ ਎ ⇇ ߣ ߩ ㊀ ߥ ࠅ ߇ ⥝ ๧ ᷓ ޿ ‫ ޕ‬ ↢ ‛ ਎ ⇇ ߣ ੱ 㑆 ߪ ‫ ⋧ ޔ‬੕ ૞ ↪ ߢ ᢥ ൻ ࠍ ↢ ࠎ ߢ ߈ ߚ ‫ ޕ‬%WNVWTG ⺆ Ḯ ߘ ߩ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ⺆ ⸒ ޕ‬ᢥ ⧓ ≹ ߒ ౒ ᴦ ♖ ␹ ਎ ⇇ ߩ ㅪ ⛯ ᕈ ⢛ ᥊ ߦ ‫ ޔ‬Ⅳ Ⴚ ℂ ⸃ ࠍ ᔅ ᴒ ✽ ᄢ ㄉ ౖ 2

190

㗇 ߣ ߔ ࠆ ↢ ๮ ♽ ᢥ ᣿ ⹺ ⼂ ߇ ‫ޔ‬ᰴ ਎ ઍ ߳ ߩ ᚺ ᧦ ઙ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᳞ ߼ ࠄࠆ ‫ޕ‬Ⅳ Ⴚ ߩ ૏ ⟎ ઃ ߌ ߇‫ ޟ‬ᰴ ਎ ઍ ᢥ ᣿ ߩ ၮ ᐩ ‫ ߡ ߒ ߣޠ‬᣿ ⏕ ߦ ߥࠆ ߣ ߈ 㨮ፉ ਎ ⇇ ߩ ᜂ ߁ ߴ ߈ ᓎ ഀ ߣ ᧂ ᧪ ߽ ⷗ ߃ ߡ ߊ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬=࿾ ၞ ?࠻ ࠞ ࡜ ೉ ፉ ో ၞ ⋵ ┙ ⥄ ὼ ౏ ࿦ ⥄ ὼ ↢ ‛ Ⴚ ⇇ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ᷰ ἑ ✢ ߇ ᮮ ಾ ߞ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ㊀ ⷐ ࿾ ὐ ߢ ޽ࠆ ‫ ࡜ ࠞ ࠻ޕ‬ᶏ ጽ ߪ ߹ ߐ ߦ 㤥 ầ ᮮ ಾ ࠆ ৾ ፉ ἥ ߢ ‫ ੱޔ‬㑆 ߩ ߺ ߥ ࠄߕ ‫ ߩ ‛ ߈ ↢ޔ‬⒖ േ ߦ ߽ ࡂ ࡦ ࠺ ࠖ ࠍ ૞ ࠅ ಴ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬᷷ ᥦ ൻ ᓇ㗀 ߆ ‫ޔ‬ዊ ቲ ፉ ߇ ⿧ ౻ ࿾ ർ 㒢 ߢ ޽ ߞ ߚ ࡝ ࡘ ࠙ ࠠ ࡘ ࠙ ࠕ ࠞ ࠡ ࡑ ࠳࡜Ⲕ ዊ ቲ ፉ ⋵ ┙ ඳ ‛ 㙚 ଐ 㗬 ⷰ ኤ ⠪ ጤ ਅ ᳁ ⺣߇ ‫  ޔ‬ᐕ ೨ ߆ർ 㒢 ࿾ ߇ ⒖ േ ߒ ߚ ‫␠ޕ‬␠ ળ Ⅳ Ⴚࠄ ਛ ਯ ፉ ߦ ⿧ ౻ ⸥ ㍳ ߇ ⊒ ↢ ߒ ‫ޔ‬ർ㕙 ߢ ߽‫ ޟ‬᡽ ᴦ ⊛ ಽ 㔌 ߣ ⛔ ว ‫ޠ‬Ⴚ ⇇ ၞ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬㣮 ఽ ፉ ፉ Ꭹ ߩ ᡽ᴦ ಽ 㔌 ผ ࠍ ✚ ᜝ ߔ ࠆ ߣ  ↹ ᦼ ߇ ߺ ߃ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬Σ  ⮋ ៺ ࡮ ℄ ⃿

ᄶ ⟤

ᤨ ઍ 

Τ  ☨ ァ ァ ᡽ ᤨ ઍ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ ർ ✲  ᐲ એ 
ධ =਄ ਃ ፉ⃻ ਃ ፉ ᧛ߣ ਅ ৾ ፉ⃻ ච ፉ ᧛ಽ 㔌 ?Υ  ࠻ ࠞ ࡜ ᣣ ᧄ ᓳ Ꮻ   ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ Φ  ᄶ ⟤ ᣣ ᧄ ᓳ Ꮻ    ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ   =☨ ァ ァ ᡽ ਅߩ ߜ ᳃ ᡽ ᐭᴒ ✽ ?ߣ ߩ ಽ 㔌 ࠻ ࠞ ࡜ ߪ Τ ᦼ એ 㒠 ‫ ᧄޔ‬࿯ ಽ 㔌 ࡮ ᣥ ᧛ ߩ ಽ 㔌 ࡮ ᄶ ⟤ ᝄ ⥝ ߣ ߩಽ 㔌 ࠍ ⚻ 㛎 ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬࠻ ࠞ ࡜ ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߪ ߐ ࠄ ߦ = ᳃ ౕ ⿠ Ḯ ಽ 㔌 ઒ ⺑ ? ߇ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬⢛ ⽶ሶ ߪ ፉ Ფ ߦ ⪺ ߒ ߊ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ޟߩ ޘ‬ㅪ ⛯ ᕈ ઒ ⺑ ‫⺑ ߪ ߢޠ‬᣿ ߢ ߈ ߥ ޿ ‫ ⿠ޕ‬Ḯ ࠍ ࡜ ࠝ ࠬ ࡮ ࡌ ࠻ ࠽ ࡓ ࡮ 㔕 ධ ╬ ߩ ዋ ᢙ ᳃ ᣖ ߦ᳞ ߼ ࠆ ߣ ℂ ⸃ ߇ ኈ ᤃ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ‫ ޟࠅ ߹ ߟޕ‬ṫ ᵹ ࡮ ੤ ᵹ ⿠ Ḯ ⺑ ‫⊛ޠ‬⵬ ⿷ ℂ ⺰ ߇ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߥ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ቇ ⧓ ⺖ 㐳 Ꮉ ㊁ ๺ ᤘ ᳁ ⺣ ญ ਯ ፉ  # ࠲ ࡕ ࠻㣮 ఽ ፉ ⋵ ᱧ ผ ⾗ ᢱ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ 㤡 ᣿ 㙚‫ ޕ‬ᐔ ኅ ߦ ↱ ᧪ ߒ ߚ ฬ ೨ ߣ ߽ ⸒ ߁

᦭ ⒳ ⋵ ᜰ ቯ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛ ⛘ Ṍ ෂ ᗋ ⒳ ᜰ ቯ࡙ ࡝ ࿕ੂ ₪ ේ ⒳ ෂ ᯏ ࡮ ⋵ᄖ ߆ ࠄ ⒖ ᬀ ࡮⚐ ⴊ ⒳ ㊁ ↢ 㤥 Ძ ๺ ‐࡮࠻ ࠞ ࡜ ࠲ ࡑ ࠕ ࠫ ࠨ ࠗ⒳ ⺪ ⸰ ἑ ፉ ࡮ 㤥 ፉᣂ࡮࡝ ࡘ ࠙ ࠠ ࡘ ࠙ ࠴ ࠢ࡮࠻ ࠞ ࡜ ࡗ ࠡ $ ࡝ ࡯

191



ࡈ ជ ೥ ᶏ ᳓ ᶎ ႐ ࡮ ㆙ 㓒 ࿾ ᷷ ᴰ ᣉ ⸳ ✚ ઍ ▤ ℂ ࡮ ↰ ⦱ ‫ ޕ‬% ᐔ ኅ⪭ ੱ વ ⺑ ⇣ ࿖ ⦁ ㆙ ⷗ ⇟ ᚲ⮲ ⋥ ロ 㗔 ࿷ ⇟  ฬ ‫ ޔ‬ፉ ᳃ ㇭ ม ฬ ࡮ ᮮ ⋡  ฬ ‫ ޔ‬㐷 ഀ ೙  ደ ᢝ ฦ  ฬ 㗡 㨪  ฬ ሶࠞ ࠷ ࠝ ▵

ᐕ ⽸ ‫ ޕ‬ᢛ ὼ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᱧ ผ ⼾ ߆ ߥ 㓸 ⪭ ‫ ޕ‬ ਛ ਯ ፉ  # ᵴ Ἣ ጊ ‫ ࡜ ࠞ ࠻ ޕ‬㚍 ⋵ ᜰ ቯ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛⷏ ᵗ ⒳ ߩᓇ 㗀 ߥ ߒ ‫ ޕ‬᣿ ᴦ  ᐕ 㗃 ༑ ⇇ ፉ ψ ቲ ፉ ᚢ ᓟ ψ ๮ ฬ‫ࡃ ࡞ ࠕ ޕ‬ࠨ ࠷ ࠠ㜞 ጊ O એ ਄‫ޕ‬ᓮ ᳰ Ḩ ේ ‫ޕ‬$ ᚢ ೨ ⎫ 㤛 ណ ข  ડ ᬺ࡮㋕ ㆏ ↪ ᨉ ᧁ ‫ ࠣ ࡦ ࡇ ࡦ ࡖ ࠠޕ‬ᣉ ⸳ ‫ޕ‬᷷ ᴰ ‫ޕ ࠽ ࠽ ࡃ ࡜ ࠞ ࠻ޕ‬ᣧ಴ ߒ ࡆ ࡢ ‫ ޕ ࠁ ߟ ࠎ ߼ ޕ ࠝ ࡁ ࡜ ࠻ ޕ‬ጊ ⟠ ᢱ ℂ ‫ ޕ‬᳓ ജ ⊒ 㔚 ᚲ ‫ ޕ‬%✽ ᢥ ᥅ ᦼ ㆮ 〔℄ ⃿ ࡮ ਻ Ꮊ ෺ ᣇ ߩ ࿯ ེవ ผ ᤨ ઍ ߆ ࠄ ධ ർ ੤ᵹ ‫ ⇣ ޕ‬࿖ ⦁ ㆙ ⷗ ⇟ ᚲ ‫ ޕ‬ᚢ ೨ ߹ ߢ ᣥ ච ፉ ᧛ ᓎ ႐ ᚲ ࿷ ࿾ ψ ᐕ 㣮 ఽ ፉ Ꮢ ౝ ߦ ⒖ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬Ꮢ ౝ ኋ ᴱ ᣉ ⸳‫ ޟ‬ච ፉ ળ 㙚 ‫ޠ‬㜞 ᩞ ↢ ኰ ‫ޕ‬ᄤ ᢥ บ ච ፉ ᧛ ᱧ ผ ᳃ ଶ ⾗ ᢱ 㙚 ‫ 〝 ⥶ ޕ‬㐿 ᜏ ⸥ ᔨ ⎼ ‫ ޟ‬ᴁ ⦁ ߽ ੦㆏ 〝 ߥ ࠅ ‫ޠ‬ਛ ਯ ፉ 〭ߘ ߩ ߁ ߜ ਈ ഥ 〭  ਎ ♿ ᶏ ⾚ ߩ ␺ ࠅ ኂ⯻ ࡉ ࠻ ⊒ ↢ 㒐 ᱛ ߩ ␨ ࠅ



⥁ Ⱜ ፉ
   ⥁# ᕆ ፋ ࡮  ᐕ ࡑ ࠥ ࠪ ࠞ  㗡 ψ ࡮ዊ ⥁ Ⱜ ፉᐕ  㗡 ‫ޕ‬㘩 ኂ   ᔨ ‫ޕ‬$ ᕆ ௑ ᢳ ὾ ߈ ⇌ ⥄ ⛎ ⥄ ⿷ ߣ ฬ ↥ ࠞ ࠷ ࠝ▵  㣮 ఽ ፉ ߦ ⥁ Ⱜ ፉ ໧ ደ ‫ ౒ޕ‬ห ㄘ ૞ ᬺ ࡮ ౒ ห Ṫ ᠇  ෼ ⓠ ‛ ᐔ ╬ಽ ㈩‫ ޟ‬ਈ ߃ ߩ ৻ ৼ ‫ޠ‬% ᐔ ኅ ⪭ ੱ વ ⺑ ‫ ⋥ ⮲ޕ‬ロ ࿾ ‫ޕ‬ญ ਯ ፉ ࿷ ⇟ߩ ᜰ ␜ ‫ ޕ‬ᚢ ೨  ੱ એ ਄ ‫ Ⱜ ⥁ ޕ‬ፉ Ἦ บ  ᐕ ⸳ ⟎ ψ ṛ ࿷ ൕോ ߪ     ᐕ ߹ ߢ ‫    ޕ‬ᐕ   ੱ ⦃ ૞ ᬺ ࿎ 㔍 ψ     ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ  ਎ Ꮺ  ੱ 㔌 ፉ ‫ ޕ‬ ᐕ 㓸 ࿅ ㉿ Ꮻ ࠅ ࡮ ᘨ 㔤 ⑂  ੱ ‫ ޕ‬ ⺪ ⸰ ἑ ፉ  # ᵴ Ἣ ጊ ࡮ ࡑ ࡞ ࡃ ࠨ ࠷ ࠠ$ ᐕ ᄶ ⟤ ᄢ ፉ⿒ ᧁ ฬ ↢ ߹ ࠇ ⮮ ੗ ን વṁ ጤ บ ࿾࡮ ࡗ ࠡ߆ ࠄ 〯 ᩏ ψ ᐕ ᦭ ᔒ ౉ ᬀ ψ     ᐕ ᄢ ྃ Ἣ ψ     ᐕ   ᚭ ‫ޕ‬ᑄ ࡝ ࠱ ࡯ ࠻ 㘧 ⴕ႐ ψ ႐ ᄖ 㔌 ⌕ 㒽 ႐ ‫ ޕ‬% ㇭ ม ‫  ޕ‬ᐕ ᄢ ྃ Ἣ  ᧛  ᚭ ੱ ኅ ᶖṌ ᱫ ⠪ ࠯ ࡠ ψ  ੱ ᖡ ⍹ ࡮ ਛ ਯ ፉ ‫ ޕ‬ਛ ਯ ፉ ψ ৻ ㇱ ⥁ Ⱜ ፉ ࡮ ᐔፉ ࡮ ญ ਯ ፉ ߳ ψ  ᐕ 㑆 ή ੱ ፉ ‫ ౉ ޕ‬ᬀ ⚻ ✲ ߆ ࠄ ᄶ ⟤ ࡮ ᴒ ✽ ᢥൻ ߣ ା ઔ ‫ ⋵ ޕ‬ᄖ ⠪ࡅ ࠶ ࡇ ࡯ ߣ ߽ ๭ ߫ ࠇ ߚ ᣧ ᦼ + ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ↹ ኅ192

࡮⹞ ੱ࡮ᄖ ࿖ ੱ ࡃ ࡦ ࡗ ࡦߣ ߢ ᣂ ᢥ ൻ ࡮ ࡙ ࠾ ࡯ ࠢ ߒ ߹ ߠ ߊ ࠅ ‫ޕ‬ ᐔ ፉ  # ࠽ ࠧ ࡜ ࡦ ⥄ ↢ ේ ↢ ᨋ ੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ᕈ ࠟ ࠫ ࡘ ࡑ ࡞࡮ࡆ ࡠ࠙ ࡔ ࠫ ࡠ ‫ޕ‬$ ☨ ૞ ࡮ ↰ ⦱ ࠻ ࡜ ࡁ ࠝ ⇓ ↥ ࡮ ࡏ ࡯ ࡝ ࡦ ࠣ ᷷ ᴰ %ᐔ ኅ ⪭ ੱ વ ⺑ ‫ ⃿ ℄ޕ‬಴ ౓ ഞ ❣ ⠪ ߇ ፉ ࠍ ᴦ ߼ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬⒳ ሶ ፉ ኅ ኅ ⠧㆙ ፉ ψ ૑ ᳃ ᢎ ൻ ‫ ޕ‬಴ ἑ ㄭ ធ ፉ ㊒ ࠅ ࡮ ⡛ ࿾ ࡮ ᅚ ੱ ⑌ ೙ ‫ ޕ‬⑔ ᓼ ␹ ᵆ ා ࠃ ߌ ర ᦯ ௾ ᑼ ‫ ޕ‬ ᖡ ⍹ ፉ  # ␹ ጊ ੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ᕈ ᮸ ᧁ ⟲ ⡛ ࿾ ࡒ ࠽ ࡒ ࠗ ࠪ ࠟ ࡔ$ᶏ ਛ ᷷ ᴰ ࡮ ⍾ ⫳ ߒ %‫ ⟤ ޟ‬ᅚ ߣ ࡀ ࠭ ࡒ ߣ ␹ ‫ ߩ ޘ‬ፉ ‫ ޟ ޠ‬ፉ ᑪ ਎ ᑪᓮ ᄢ ዁ ‫ ޠ‬ቇ ┬ ⇹ 㐿 ⦁ ኻ 㚍 ਣ ᘨ 㔤 ⎼ఽ ┬  ੱ ৻ ⥸  ੱ ੱ ↢ ሽ  ᐕ ᶏ ᐩ ᝡ ᩏ OMO ⷏ ർ‫ޕ‬ᵿ ߣ ਄ 㓸 ⪭ ‫ޕ‬ ߟ ߩ ⋆ 〭 ࠅ  ઒ 㕙 ␹ ‫ ⋵ ޠ ߗ ߷ ޟ‬ή ᒻ ᢥ ൻ ⽷  ⿒ ࿯ ᖡ 㔤 ᛄ ޿ ‫ޕ‬ ዊ ቲ ፉ೎ ฬ ፉ ዊ ፉ ዊ ፉ

 # ⃜ ℬ ፉ ߦ ᷷ ᴰ ࡮ ᫪ ࡮ ␹ ጊᶏ ᳓ ᷷ ᴰ ᄤ ᐕ Ⴎ ࡮ ࠙ ࡒ ࡋ ࡆṽ ᣇ ↢ ߈ ߚ ߹ ߹ ಴ ⩄$ ඘ ฬ ੱ ߽ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ะ ߌ ῗ ⵾࡮ᄛ శ ⽴࡮ᶏ ᳓ ᷆ ᳓ ൻ % ᐔ ኅ ߩ 㓝ሹ ਛ ߦ ߩ ࠈ ߒ ጤ ψ ቲ ፉ ะ ߌ ‫ޕ‬వ ↢ ߽ ⦃ ૞ ᬺ ‫ ࡕ ࡕޕ‬ᗵ ᗐ ᢥ ߢ ዊቇ ↢ ో ࿖ ᦨ ఝ ⑲ ⾨ ‫ ޕ‬ㆊ ෰ 㘑 ⫋ ‫ ޕ‬᫪ ࡁ ች  ක ⠪ ߩ ␹ ‫ ޕ‬ㇷ ଢ ዪ ή ‫ޕ‬ ቲ ፉ  # ⃜ ℬ ߣ ᷷ ᴰ ࡮ ࠛ ࡜ ࡉ ࠝ ࠝ ࠦ ࠙ ࡕ ࡝ ࡮ ࠨ ࠪ ࡃ ࡮ ࠝ ࠝࡒ ࠭ ࠽ ࠡ 㠽 ઁ $ ࿾ ⒅ ᡷ ᱜ ౒ ᦭ ࿾ એ ᄖ ߩ ࿯ ࿾ ࠍ ᐔ ╬ ㈩ ಽ ‫ ޕ‬ᣂ㣮 ఽ ፉ  ᥊ ࡮ ᳓ ↰ ‫ ޕ‬021 ⾈ ޿ ‛ ᚻ વ ޿ ‫ ޕ‬ฬ ἑ ߣ ߩ ⥶ 〝 㗫 ᐲჇ ᄢ ಾ ᦸ ‫ ↥ ․ޕ‬ຠ ↢ ↥ ࠣ ࡞ ࡯ ࡊ ‫ޕ‬% ᧄ ࿯ ♽ ࿯ ེ ߽ ‫ ℄ ⮋ޕ‬᩺ ౝᓎ ‫ ޕ‬࿷ ⇟ એ ਅ ห ೙ ᐲ ‫  ޕ‬ᐕ ⧷ ࿖ ⦁ ଚ ⇛ ‫ ޕ‬⠉ ᐕ ‫ ⇣ ޟ‬࿖ ⦁ ᛂᛄ ޿ ઎ ‫ ੱ  ޠ‬਄ 㒽 ‐  㗡 ⇛ ᅓ ⧷ ࿖ ੱ  ฬ ᱫ ੢ ‫ޕ‬ᅚ ␹ ጊ  ⡛ ࿾ ‫ޕ‬ⷰ 㖸 ၴ  ࠻ ࠞ ࡜ ␹ ㆏ ‫     ࡓ ࡜ ࠼ ࡞ ࡯ ࠴ ࠬޕ‬ᐕ ࠻ ࠾ ࠳ ࡯ ࠼ ࠻ ࡃࠦ ࠃ ࠅ ᣂ ᢥ ൻ ‫ ޕ‬+ ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ⠪ ߩ ਛ ߦ ߽ ㆐ ੱ ‫ ৾ ޕ‬ፉ ᱜ ᦬ ‫ ޕ‬ ᮮ ᒰ ፉ ࡮ ਄ ࡁ ᩮ ፉ

 # Ἣ ጊ ࡮ ࡗ ࠡ ㊁ ↢ ൻ $ ᳓ ਲ ߒߊ ዬ ૑ ਇ น ࡮ ࡆ ࡠ ࠙ ណ 㓸 ࡮ ╷ ㆏ ㋕ Ⴁ ࡮ ᷷ ᴰ %‫࡜ ࠻ ࡄ ࠝ ࡟ ࠢ ޟ‬⻉ ፉ ‫ ޟ ޠ‬᜙ ߺቲ ፉኻ ⽎ ‫ ޠ‬ =೉ ፉ ᭴ ㅧ Ἣ ጊ Ꮺ ࡮ ࿾ ⾰ ᒻ ᚑ ߩ ਗ ⴕ ?
㣮 ఽ ፉ ߩ ᵴ Ἣ ጊ ᦭ ੱ ፉ ߪ ‫ޔ‬࿑  ߩ ߣ ߅ ࠅ ‫ޔ‬ਛ ࡁ ፉ ‫ ⸰ ⺪ޔ‬ἑ ፉ ‫ޔ‬ญ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ‫ ⎫ޔ‬㤛 ፉ ߣ ో ߡ ห ߓ Ἣ ጊ Ꮺ ߦ ዻ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ᒰ ὼ ࿾ ᒻ

193



ߣ ࿾ ⾰ ߪ ߘ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ਅ ߦ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ⎫ ޕ‬㤛 㠽 ፉ ߽ ห ‫ ޟ‬㆏ ‫ ޠ‬਄ ߦ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ ⎫ 㤛 ↥ ᬺ ผ ߩ ፉ ߇ ߘ ߩ ೉ ਄ ߦ ਗ ࠎ ߢ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ቝ ᴦ ⨲ ၂ ⟲ ፉ ࡮ ↘ ፉ ߩ ‫ ޟ‬೎ ㆏ ‫ ߣ ࠇ ߘ ߽ ޠ‬ਗ ⴕ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ᴒ ✽ ࡮ ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ࡮ ደ ਭ ፉ ߩ‫ ޟ‬ᐙ ✢ ㆏ ‫ ⥝ ߽ޠ‬๧ ᷓ ޿ ೉ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬= ࿑  ?㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ޘ‬࿾ ⾰ ࡮ Ἣ ጊ     ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ⟲ ፉ ೉ ߪ ‫ޔ‬࿾ ಴ ᚲ═ ᴕ ↸ ผ        ⃿ ߩ ࿁ ォ ᣇ ะ ߣ ߩ 㑐 ㅪߢ ‫ ⥝ ߦ ᦝ ޔ‬๧ ᷓ ޿ ㊀
ߥ ࠅ ࠍ ↢ ߺ ಴ ߔ ‫ ޕ‬㤥
೉࡮บ 㘑

㒐

ầ

ᢥ ൻ

ἴ

㌁ ᐳ ⊛ ਥ ⷐ ⚻ 〝߇ ㊀ ߥ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬%H દ ⼺ ⻉ ፉ Ἣ ጊ೉Ꮺ߽ ౖ ဳ ⊛ ߥ ㅪ⛯ ᕈ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ߇ ‫ ޔ‬บ 㘑 ߽ ‫ ޔ‬㤥 ầ ߽ߘ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ㅪ ⛯ ᕈ ࠍ ಽᢿ ߒ ߡ ޿ ߊ ߽ ߩ ߢ ޽ࠆ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޕ‬ᮮ ᢿ ᕈ ߪ ‫ޔ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ⶄ ߩ ޘ‬ว ⊛ ❑ᢿ ᕈ ߣ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬ኻ Ყ ߐ ࠇࠆ ߴ ߈ ㆑ ޿ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ =࿾ ၞ ? ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ     ᐕ   ᦬ ㄰ ㆶ એ 㒠 ‫    ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬ ᜰ ቯ 㔌 ፉ ᝄ ⥝ ᜰ ቯ ࿾ ၞߣ ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ᝄ ⥝ 㐿 ⊒ ․ ೎ ភ ⟎ ᴺ ᜰ ቯ ࿾ ၞ ߣ‫ ޟ‬ፉ Ꭹ ᝄ ⥝ ‫߇ ╷ޠ‬ ߟ ߦ ಽ 㔌 ߒ ߚ ‫ ޕ‬᷷ ᥦ ᳇ ୥ ߣ ᧖ ߩ ᬀ ᨋ ߩ ዋ ߥ ߐ ‫ޔ‬ᶏ ᵗ ᕈ ߩ ⊒ ើ ߢ ‫࠹ ࠰ ࡜ ࠲ޔ‬࡜ ࡇ ࡯࡮≹ ߒ ߩ ፉࠕ ࠗ ࡜ ࡦ ࠼ ࠮ ࡜ ࡇ ࡯ ࡮ ᧖ ⧎ ☳ㆱ ☳ ࠷ ࠕ

࡯ = ⥄ ↢ ߩ ධ 㒢  ደ ਭ ፉ  㔎 ㊂ ࡮ ᷙ ᩱ ߢ ደ ਭ ߢ ߽ ᦭ ല ?࡮ ࠛ ࠦ ࠷ࠕ ࡯ࠣ ࡝ ࡯ ࡦ ࡮ ࠛ ࠦ ࠷ ࡯ ࡝ ࠭ ࡓ߇ ᵴ ⊒ ൻ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬194 ߹ ߚ ታ ᬺ ࿅ 㒽 ਄ ㇱ ࠻ ࡟ ࡯ ࠾ ࡦ ࠣ ႐ ߣ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬ᥤ ߔ ߉ ߥ ޿ ౻ ߩ੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ᕈ ߢ ᄶ ⟤ ᄢ ፉ ࡮ ᓼ ਯ ፉ ߩ ⹏ ଔ ߇ 㜞 ޿ ‫ޕ‬ፉ ເ ࡮ ≹ ߒ ߩ ፉߩ ᢥ ൻ ⊛ ‫ ߣ ⾰ ޟ‬୘ ᕈ ‫ ޟ ޠ‬Ꮕ ೎ ൻ ‫ ⺃ ࡯ ࠲ ࡯ ࡇ ࡝ ߪ ޠ‬࿃ ߦ ߽ ߥࠅ ߟ ߟ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ⶄ ߪ ࠄ ࠇ ߎ ޕ‬ว ⊛ ⵬ ቢ ⊛ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ධ ㇱ ߢ ߪ ᴒ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ⧎ ට ࿦ ⧓ ߣ ࠡ ࡝ ࠪ ࡖ ࠗ ࡔ ࡯ ࠫ ⷰ శ ࿾ ਈ⺰ ߦ ‫ ࠆ ߥ ᦝޔ‬Ꮏ ᄦ ࠍ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬਄ ⸥ ߘ ࠇ ࠄ ߪ ᴒ ✽ ߣ ⵬ቢ ࡮ ද ௛ ࠍ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ‫ ⊛ ⇇ ‛ ↢ޕ‬ㅪ ⛯ ᕈ ߣ ᢥ ൻ ⊛ ㅪ ⛯ ᕈ ߢ ㆑๺ ᗵ ߪ ߥ ޿ ‫  ޕ‬ᐕ ⷰ శ ቴ    ਁ ੱ ߣ ‫ ੱ ਁ  ޔ‬บ ஗ ṛ
ㇱ ߪ

․ ߦ ධ

ᄶ ⟤ ஥ ߆ ࠄ ߩ ធ ㄭ࡮ද ௛ ᚢ ⇛ ࠍ ᔅ ⷐ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ = ਔ ⚻ ᷣห ෹ ળ ੤ ᵹ ળ  ᐕ 㐿 ᆎ ?‫ ޕ‬਎ ⇇ ⥄ ὼ ㆮ ↥ ୥ ⵬ ࿾ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߩ ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ߪ ‫ޔ‬Ⅳ Ⴚ ଻ ో ࡮ Ꮧ ዋ⒳ ଻ ⼔ ኻ ╷࡮Ⅳ Ⴚ ⺞ ᩏ ╬ ߩ ข ࠅ ⚵ ߺ ࠍ ᕆ ޿ ߢ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޟߦ ߐ ߹ޕ‬㆏ߩ ፉ ‫ ⺞ ޠ ޘ‬ᩏ ࠾ ࡯ ࠭ ߪ ⋵ ᄖ ࠍ ߽ ⿧ ߃ ߡ ධ ർ ߦ 㜞 ޿ ‫ ޕ‬ ᄶ ⟤ ᄢ ፉ # ᧲ ᵗ ߩ ࠟ ࡜ ࡄ ࠧ ࠬᵗ ፉ ߦ Ყ ߴ Ꮧ ዋ ⒳ ࠃ ࠅ ߽

੝ ⒳ ߇ ᄙ ޿ ‫ ޕ‬േ ‛ Ꮧ ዋ ⒳ ࠃ ࠅ ߽ ᬀ ‛ Ꮧ ዋ ⒳ ߩ ᣇ ߇ 㜞 ޿࿖ ᜰቯ ․ ೎ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛  ࠕ ࡑ ࡒ ࡁ ࠢ ࡠ ࠙ ࠨ ࠡ ‫ޕ‬࿖ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛  ࠤ ࠽ࠟ ࡀ ࠭ ࡒ ࠻ ࠥ ࡀ ࠭ ࡒ ࠕ ࠞ ࡅ ࠥ ࡞ ࡝ ࠞ ࠤ ࠬ ࠝ ࠝ ࠬ ࠻ ࡦ ࠕࠞ ࠥ ࡜  ࠝ ࠝ ࠻ ࡜ ࠷ ࠣ ࡒ ‫ޕ‬੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ේ ↢ ᨋ  ㊄ ૞ ේ  ␹ ደ  ࡑ ࡦ ࠣࡠ ࡯ ࡉ ේ ↢ ࿾  ࿖ ቯ ౏ ࿦ ‫ޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ㊁ ↢ ↢ ‛ ଻ ⼔ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯࡯ ࠬ 㚟 㒰 ᵴ േ ߥ ߤ ߦ ⑼ ቇ ⊛ ᜰ ዉ ജ$ ᄢ ፉ ⚢ 㤥 ♧ ㈬ ᄶ ⟤ ࡊ ࡜ ࡓࡑ ࡦ ࠣ‫ ࡯ ࡘ ࠠ ࡯ ࡘ ࡝ ࡉ ࡂ ޕ‬㞜  ࠬ ࡕ ࡕ‫ ޟ‬ኅ ੱ ‫ ޠ‬ຟ ผ ‫ࠦ ࠛ ޕ‬࠷ ࡯ ࡝ ࠭ ࡓ ‫  ޕ‬% ࿖ ㊀ ⷐ ᳃ ଶ ᢥ ൻ ⽷ ⑺ ฬ ࠕ ࡜ ࠮ ࠷ ⴕ ੐ᐕ એ ਄ Ⓑ 㔤 ߩ ⑂ච ੖ ᄛ ⋧ ᠡ ࡀ ࡝ ࡗ ࠞ ࠽ ࡗ ␹߈ ‫ ޔ‬ጊ 㗂 ߢ ᄤ ਄ ␹ ߣ ಴ ળ ߁ᶏ ߆ ࠄ ␹ ࠍ ᜗‫ ⃿ ℄ ޔ‬ᒐ ೋ ಴ ࿯ ߩ ┱ ⓣ ᑼ ᒎ ↢ ㆮ〔 ‫ޕ‬㜞 ୖ ⟲ ୖ ⼾ ᐕ ⑂ ౎ ᦬ 〭 ᵿ ਅ ࠇ ‫ޕ‬ᄢ ㇺ Ꮢ ߦ ㇹ ෹ ળ ‫ࡂޕ‬
ࠗ ࡗ ▵

ᄤ ⨲

ψ ౐ ⺞ ψ ࠞ ࠴ ࡖ ࡯ ࠪ ࡯ᵄ 〭 ࠅ ψ ߅ ߌ ߐ

ᴒ ✽

‫ޕ‬

೎ ࡞ ࡯ ࠻ ψ 㒙ࡁ ࡠ ␹ ᭽‫ޠ ࡗ ࡀ ࠻ ޟޠ ࡯ ࡗ ࡒ ޟޠ ࡑ ࡗ ࡒ ࠞ ޟ‬‫ࡗ ࡯ ࡕޕޠ ࠴ ࡒ ࡒ ࠞ ޟ‬

⃜ ℬ Ⓧ ߺ ⍹ Ⴤᶏ ᐩ ㆮ 〔ᣣ ਛ ੤ ᤃ ⦁ᄤ ቊ 㒠 ⥃ ߩ ࿾ḡ ḧ ጪࠪ ࡯ ࠞ ࡗ ࠶ ࠢ ࡑ ࡜ ࠰ ࡦ ‫ ޕ‬ፉ ญ ᄢ ળ ‫ ޕ‬  ࠻ ࡆ ࡜ ፉ# ࡂ ࡉ ߇ ޿ ߥ ޿ $ 㤥 ♧ Ⓧ ಴ ᷼ 㓸 ⪭ ೨࡮㊒ ࠅ࡮ầ

195



ᐓ ⁚ ࠅ ࡮ ࠪ ࡘ ࡁ ࡯ ࠤ ࡝ ࡦ ࠣ   ᨑ ᚻ ਭ ፉ# ࡂ ࡉ ⊒ ␽ ࿾ વ ⺑ၮ ࿾ ᭴ ᗐ % ᧁ 㔤  ᴤ ੗ ዊ ፉࠤ ࡦ ࡓ ࡦ℄ ⃿ ࿖ ₺ ₂ ਄ ຠ$ ⍹ ᴤ ⾂ ⬿㘑 ⫋ ࿾ $ ᐕ ⌀ ⃨ 㙃 ᱺ ࿾ ర ↪ ᶏ ᳓ ᶎ ႐   ട ⸘ ํ 㤗 ፉ # ࡝ ࠕ ࠬ ࿾ ᒻ࡮࠺ ࠗ ࠧ ਗ ᧁ࡮ࠟ ࠫ ࡘ ࡑ ࡞
ᐕ

ࡂ ࡉ

↪ ᔃ ᫔



࡮ ࠙ ࡒ ࠟ ࡔ $ ࠢ ࡠ ࡑ ࠣ ࡠ ࡮ ⌀ ⃨ 㙃 ᱺ ࡮ 㤥 ㈶࡮Ⴎ࡮࠳ ࠗ ࡆ ࡦ ࠣ % Ḯ ᐔ ⧓ ⢻  ⻉ ㊰ ࠪ ࡃ ࡗ

࿖ ㊀ ⷐ ή ᒻ ᢥ ൻ ⽷ታ ਭ ਃ ᰴ ㇢ ␹ ␠ὑ ᦺ ᕷ ሶ વ ⺑ァ ᷼ ࡮ 㔡 ᵗ   ᳯ ੳ ደ 㔌 ፉ# ᄶ ⟤ ⟲ ፉ ࿖ ቯ ౏ ࿦ $ ࡗ ࠡ࡮‐ ᡼ ’࡮㊁ ᄖ ࠠࡖ ࡦ ࡊ % ᐕ ⷐ Ⴇ   ᄕ 㔌# ⃜ ℬ ࡮ ࠕ ࠳ ࡦ ╬ $ ㊒ ⽴   㗇 ሶ ⨃ 㔌# ㇹ ㉿ ࠍ 㔌 ࠇ ࠆ ੱ  ᧄ ࠰ ࠹ ࠷ ᬀ ߃ ࠆ ᳿ ࠅ $ రࡗ ࠡ ᡼ ’ ࿾ % ࠠ ࡖ ࡦ ࡊ ႐   ⺧ ፉ # ࠙ ࠤ ࡙ ࡝ $ ⇓ ↥ % ᶏ 〝 ⷐ ⴣ

߅ ߽ ࠈ



  ਈ 〝 ፉ $ ࠰ ࠹ ࠷ ↢ ↥ ⚵ ว % ᵹ ੱ ኹ ሶ ደ ࡮ ᐔ ኅ વ ⺑ ㆮ 〔 ࡮⃜ ℬ ⍹ ၂ ࡮ ℄ ⃿ ₺ ᐭ ᣉ Ꮏ ࿯ ᧁ ㆮ ᭴   ࡂ ࡦ ࡒ ࡖ ፉ# ็ ਄ ᵿ ࡮ ࠕ ࠫ ࠨ ࠪ 㘃 $ ࠪ ࡘ ࡁ ࡯ ࠤ ࡝ ࡦ ࠣ   ༑ ⇇ ፉ # ༑ ⇇ 㚍 ψ ࠻ ࠞ ࡜ 㚍 ‫ ޕ‬౻ ቄ ▵ 㘑 ߢ ᧲ ஥  ᐲ 㜞 ޿ ‫ޕ‬ࠝ ࠝ ࠧ ࡑ ࠳ ࡜ $ ࡒ ࠾ ࠧ ࡞ ࡈ ႐࡮ࠧ ࡑ ᣣ ᧄ ৻࡮ࡗ ࠡ ᢱ ℂ % ✽ ᢥ
ㆮ 〔࡮ฎ ઍ ߆ ࠄ ਛ ਎ ߪ ਻ Ꮊ ᧄ ࿯ ߩ ᓇ 㗀ᄢ ቿ ᐭ ♽ ࿯ Ꮷ ེߘ ߩᓟ ℄ ⃿ ⮋ ៺ Ḯ ᐔ ෺ ᣇ ߦ 㑐 ࠊ ࠆ ‫ ࡮ ੱ ⪭ ޕ‬ବ ኡ વ ⺑ ߽ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ߩ ޘ‬᡽ ᴦ ࡮ ᢥ ൻ ࡮ ੱ ⊛ ੤ ᵹ ߩ 㐳 ޿ ᱧ ผ ᕈ ࠍ ⽎ ᓽ ߔ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ࡓ ࠴ ࡖ ࠞ ࠽ട ⸘ ํ 㤗 ಴ り ⟤ ᅚ ᆷ ᖤ ⹤༑ ⇇ ፉ ࿾ ⃿ ੱ ት ⸒ ‫ޕ‬࿾⃿ ੱ ੤ ᵹ ࡈ ࠚ ࠬ ࠲ ‫ ޕ‬  ᓼ ਯ ፉ # ࠝ ࠝ ࡗ ࠼ ࠞ ࡝ ࠤ ࠽ ࠟ ࡀ ࠭ ࡒ ࠕ ࠞ ࡅ ࠥ ࿖ ᜰ ቯ ᄤࠕ ࡑ ࡒ ࡁ ࠢ ࡠ ࠙ ࠨ ࠡ ‫ ࠠ ࠼ ࡕ ࠥ ࠞ ࠻ ࡆ ࠝޕ‬࿕ ᦭ ⒳ ⋵ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛ ‫ࠕޕ‬ᜰ ቯ ᄤ ὼ ⸥ ᔨ ‛ ‫ޕ‬ᄤ ၔ ጪ㔎 ᳇ ጪ ᦬ ᶏ 㐿 ߈ ‫ޕ‬$ ⚿ ޿ ഭ ௛ ࡮% ᣥ ⍹ ེ ᤨ ઍ ㆮ 〔 Њ ᣣ ᧄ ੱ ⿠ Ḯ ‫ޕ‬㑵 ‐ ࡮ ࡢ ࠗ ࠼ ▵ =Њ ች ฎ ፉ ?
ፉ ญ ᄢ ળ ‫ ޕ‬㐳 ኼ ਎ ⇇ ৻  ฬ ‫ ♧ ⍾ ⮲ ៺ ⮋ ޕ‬᡽ ╷ ߳ ߩ 㛍 േ ‫  ޕ‬  ᴒ ᳗ ⦟ ㇱ ፉ # ㎠ ੃ ᵢ ᢙ ࡮ 〒 㔌 ਎ ⇇ ࠢ ࡜ ࠬ ‫ޕ‬$ ࿾ ਅ ࠳ ࡓ ࡮196ಾ ⧎࡮ᥧ Ꮉ ‫ޕ‬% ⷏ ㇹ 㓉 ⋓ ␠ ୖ࿾ ၞ ౒ ௅࡮੕ ഥ ψ ᰴ ਎ ઍ ⢒ ᚑ਎ ਯ ਥ Ⴤ ‫ ޕ‬ᐕ ࠞ ࠽ ࠳ ⦁ ᐳ ␂ ‫ޕ‬ᱛ ฬ ࡗ ࠶ ࠦ 〭 ࠛ ࠗ ࠨ ࡯ ห᭽ ເ ߣ 〭 ‫ޕ‬ᴒ ✽ ߆ ࠄ ₑ ሶ 〭 ‫ ޕ‬ᐕ ೨ ᐕ ⽸ ⦁ ߇ ᣿ ࿖ ṫ ⌕ ψ ᄢⰬ 〭 ‫ޕ‬ഃ ↢ ␹ ⹤ ψ ፉ ᑪ ࠪ ࡦ ࠧ ‫ ⋵ޕ‬ౝ ೋ % # 6 8 ‫ޕ‬಴ ↢ ₸ ᣣ ᧄ ৻
⸘ ․ ᱶ ಴ ↢ ₸  ߪ ో ࿖ ߩ  ୚ว  ਈ ⺰ ፉ # ⊖ ว ߇ ᵿ ‫ ޕ‬$ ߽ ߕ ߊ ߁ ߤ ࠎ 㐿 ⊒ ‫ޕ ᧛ ࡖ ࠪ ࡝ ࠡ ޕ‬
⽴ Ꮏ ᚱ ‫ ₺ ࡞ ࠙ ࠽ ࡄ ޕ‬࿖ ‫ ޕ‬% ᵿ ਅ ࠅ ࡮ ਈ ⺰ ₂ ᄺ
࡯ ࡝ ℄ ⃿ ₺ ᵷ ㆜ ⃜ ℬ ႖ ⡯ ੱ ᄦ ᇚ 㐳 ᦼ ṛ ࿷Њ ች ฎ ፉ ࠝ ࠻⧷ 㓶 ᑿ ℄ ⃿ ᢜ ᠄ㅌ ‫ ޕ‬਎ ♿ ℄ ⃿ ₺ ▽ ၔ ‫ޕ‬ਈ ⺰ ච ੖ ᄛ 〭 ࿖ ᜰ ቯ ㊀ ⷐ ή ᒻ ᢥ ൻ
⽷ ‫    ޕ‬ᐕ บ 㘑 ⵍ ኂ 㘫 㙰 ψ    ੱ ญ ਯ ᵤ ⒖ ૑ ‫ޕ‬ᴒ ✽ ㄝ ᚭ ጧ ߣߩ ਛ 㑆 ὐ ᶏ ጽ ⦁ ਄ ߢ ᓳ Ꮻ ੤ ᵹ ‫ ޕ‬ᆌ ᆂ ឭ ៤ Њ ࡒ ࠦ ࡁ ࠬ ፉ ‫ ޕ‬ᣇ⸒ ᢎ ⢒ ‫ޕ‬ਈ ⺰ ᣇ ᑼ ࡉ ࡠ ࡯ ࠼ ࡃ ࡦ ࠼ ⺃ ⥌ ‫ ࠅ ߊ ߠ ߜ ߹ ߧ ࠎ ࠁޕ‬Ⴖࡕ ࠢ ࡑ ࠝ ࠙ ⵍ ἴ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ߡ ‫ ᧪ ᧄ ޔ‬ᬀ ↢ ࿁ ᓳ ࡮ ᷙ ᩱ ဳ ⯃ ↢ ߦ ߽ข ࠅ ⚵ ߺ ᆎ ߼ ߡ ޿ ࠆ‫ ޕ‬Ⴖ ߦ ߪ + ࠲ ࡯ ࡦ ᚑ ഞ ⠪ ߽ ᄙ ߊ ෳ ട ‫ ޕ‬᳇ ୥ ᄌ േ ߣ ု ⋥ ಽ Ꮣ ࡮ ᳓ ૏ ࡮ ᳓ ᐔ ⒖ േ  ᳇ ୥ ᄌ േ ࠺ ࡯ ࠲ ߩ ‫ ⊛ ౏ ߇ ࠲ ࡯ ࠺ ࡠ ࠢ ࡑޔ‬ᯏ 㑐 ߆ ࠄ ⊒ ⴫ ߐ ࠇ಴ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬Ⅳ Ⴚ ⋭ ߪ ࠕ ࠫ ࠕ ᄥ ᐔ ᵗ ⻉ ࿖ ߣ ߩ ࿖ 㓙 ㅪ ៤ ߢ‫ࡕ ޟ‬࠾ ࠲ ࡝ ࡦ ࠣ ࡮ ⹏ ଔ ࡀ ࠶ ࠻ ࡢ ࡯ ࠢ ‫ ޠ‬࿑  ᣣ ᧄ ㄭ ᶏ ᶏ 㕙 ᳓ ૏ ࠍ ᆎ ߼ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬᳇ ⽎ ᐡ ߽ ‫ ޟ‬ᶏ ᵗ ߩ ✚    ಴ ᚲ ‫ ޠ‬᳇ ⽎ ᐡ  ᐕ 㧟 ᦬ ว  ⸻ ᢿ ⴫ ‫ ࠍޠ‬ೋ ߼ ߡ ⊒ ⴫ ߒ ߚ ‫ޕ‬ ᐕ ߢ ᶏ 㕙 ᳓ ᷷  ᐲ ầ ૏ EO ਄ ᣹ ᶋ ㆆ ࡊ ࡜ ࠬ ࠹ ࠖ ࠢ ߽ ਻ Ꮊ ⷏ ㇱ ߣ ᣣ ᧄ ᶏ ᴪ ጯ ߢ Ⴧ ᄢ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬⁴ ὓ บ 㘑 ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ☨ ࿖ ᄢ ᳇ ⎇ ⓥ ࠮ ࡦ ࠲ ࡯ ߪ ‫  ޔ‬ᐕ 㑆 ߢ ୚ Ⴧ ‫ޕ‬ᣣ ᧄ ߳ ߩ บ 㘑 ⊒ ↢ Ḯ  ⷏ ᄥ ᐔ ᵗ ߢ ߪ 㧙 ᐕ୘       ᐕ    ୘ ߳ ߩ ᄌ േ ࠍ ⊒ ⴫ ߒ ߚ ‫ޕ‬࿾ ၞ ⃻ ⽎ ⊛ ℂ ⸃ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ᤨ ߦ ߪ ቯ ᕈ ⊛ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ᦨ ߒ ߆ ߒޕ‬ㄭ ߢ ߪ ࠺ ࡯ ࠲ ߣ ߽ ࡝ ࡦ ࠢ ߒ ߡ

197



⺆ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ ࠎ ߐ ⪲ ⚃ ޟ߫ ߃ ଀ ޕ‬ㆃ ೞ ߢ ߔ ‫ ޟޠ‬ᤐ ৻ ⇟ ᰳ Ꮸ ‫⿧ ޟޠ‬೨ ࠢ ࡜ ࠥ ᳓ ᷷ ⺑ઁ ߦ ⶄ ว ⺑⹺ ⼂ ࠍ ᒻ ᚑ ߒ ߟ ߟ ޽ ࠆ‫ ޟޠ‬᷷ ᐲ Ꮕ ⽕ 㔐 ‫ޔ ߇ ߤ ߥޠ‬਎ 㑆᷷ ᥦ ൻ ࡮ ᶏ ㅴ 㑐 ଥ ߪ ࡑ ࠢ ࡠ ⊛ ߢ ߪ ޽ࠆ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬࿾ ၞ ୘ ೎ ᕈ ߪ ‫ ޔ‬࿾ ၞ ⚻ ༡ ਄࡚ ࡦ ࠃ ࠅᄢ ဳ ⸘ ▚ ᯏ ࠪ ࡒ ࡘ ࡟ ࡯ ࠪᄢ ಾ ߢ ‫ ߩ ߘ ޔ‬ၮ ␆ ⾗ ᢱ ߢ ߔ ࠄ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬᳇ ⽎ 㨯 ᳇ ୥ ⷐ ࿃ ߢ ㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ․ ߩ ޘ‬ᓽ ߣ ߒ ߡ ‫ޔ‬Ԙ ੝ ᾲ Ꮺ 㨯 ᷷ Ꮺ ߩㅪ ⛯ ⊛ ᓸ ᅱ ߥ Ꮕ ⇣ ԙ บ 㘑 ㌁ ᐳ ⊛ ᒝ 㘑 㨯ᵄ ᶉ Ԛ 㤥 ầ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ԛ ྾ቄ ߩ ᄌ ൻ ߪ ᴒ ✽ ⊛ ߢ ߽ ᧄ ࿯ ⊛ ߢ ߽ ߥ ޿ߣ ࠊ ߑ࡮㘩 ᢥ ൻ ╬Ԝ ᶏ ߩ ᳪ ᨴ ᄢ 㒽 ⿠ Ḯቄ ▵ ⹺ ⼂ ߩ ᣇ ⸒ ࡮ ߎㄭ ᐕ ⚻ ᷣ ⊒ ዷߩ Ⴧፉ Ფ ߩ ᜪ ޿ ಴ ߒ ૞ ᬺ ߣ ⫾ Ⓧ ߪ ‫ޔ‬ផ
ផ ⒖ ၞ ߢᄢ ╬ ߇ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬ፉ޽ ࠆ ߛ ߌ ߦ ㊀ ⷐ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ⑼ޕ‬ቇ ⊛ ⷰ ᷹ ߣ ኻ ╷ ߩ ⹜ 㛎 ࿾ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߽ቇ 㓙 ⊛ ⫾ Ⓧ ߩ ᗧ ⟵ ߇ ᄢ ߈ ޿ ‫ޔ ߫ ߃ ଀ޕ‬ᄶ ⟤ ߥ ߤ ጊ ߇ ߜ ߥ ፉ ߩᶏ ጯ ၞ ߪ ⾆ ㊀ ߥ ዬ ૑ ၞ ߢ ‫ ৻ޔ‬ㇱ ࡑ ࡦ ࠣ ࡠ ࡯ ࡉ ᨋ ߢ ߩ ✭ ⴣ ၞ ⏕଻ ߇ น ⢻ ߛ ߇ ‫ ޔ‬ᬀ ᩱ น ⢻ ᕈ ߣ ⹺ ⼂ ߽ ⃻ Ბ 㓏 ߢ ߪ 㒢 ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ޿ࠆ ‫ޕ‬㒐 ἴ 㕙 ߽ ฽ ߼ ߚ ᬌ ⸛ ߇ ዁ ᧪ ਇ น ᰳ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ‫ ౒ ౏ ࠼ ࡯ ࡂޕ‬੐ᬺ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ‫ ౒ ޟ‬ᴦ ࡮ ࠛ ࠦ ‫ ߥ ⊛ ޠ‬ዷ 㐿 ߪ ᧂ ᧪ ⸳ ⸘ ⊛ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ⃜ ℬ࡮ࠟ ࠫ ࡘ ࡑ ࡠ ၞ ߆ ࠄ ਻ Ꮊ ৻ ߩ 㜞 ፄ     O ች ਯ ᶆጪ ߦ ⥋ ࠆ ‫ ޔ‬ደ ਭ ፉ ↢ ᘒ ♽ ߩ ု ⋥ ಽ Ꮣ ߪ ‫ ↢ ޔ‬ᘒ ♽ ߩ ᳇ ⽎ 㨯᳇ ୥ⷐ ࿃ ߣ ߩ 㑐 ଥ ㅊ 〔 ᜚ ὐ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߽ ߈ ࠊ ߼ ߡ ㊀ ⷐ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬࿖ ┙ ౏࿦       J C ᶏ ਛ ౏ ࿦      J C ߢ ߩ Ⅳ Ⴚ ⋭ ߣ ߩ ቇ ⴚ ⫾ Ⓧ ‫ޔ‬ᄢบ ࡩ ේ ╬  ᐕ ౣ ↢ ⸘ ↹ ᷷ Ꮺ ᄙ 㔎 ᨋ ߣ ߩ Ყ セ ߽ ᗧ ⟵ ᷓ ޿ ‫ ޕ‬߹ ߚ ‫ޔ‬ᄶ ⟤ ၞ ߢ ߩ ਎ ⇇ ⥄ ὼ ㆮ ↥ ߦ ะ ߌ ߡ ߩ ข ࠅ ⚵ ߺ ߽ ᱜ ᔨ႐ ࠍ ㄫ ߃ ߡ ޿ ࠆ ‫ ࡮ ో ଻ ࡮ ⼔ ଻ޕ‬ౣ ↢ ߳ ߩ ⃻ ࿾ ข ࠅ ⚵ ߺ ߣ ‫ޔ‬ቇ
ⴚ ⫾ Ⓧ ߇ ၮ ␆ 㨯ၮ ⋚ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޟ ޕ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ⊛ ޠ ޘ‬㑐 ਈ ߣ ⫾ Ⓧ ‫ ޔ‬᜚ὐ ⊛ ⃻ ࿾ ߣ ߩ ද ௛ ૕ ೙ ⏕ ┙ ߇ ໧ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ ޕ‬ർ ඨ ⃿ ߢ ߪ ࠣ ࠕ ࡓ ᳇ ⽎ ᐡࠣ ࠕ ࡓ ᄢ ቇ 㑐 ਈ៤ ‫ޔ‬ᣣ ᧄ ๟ ㄝ ߢ ߪ ᳇ ⽎ ᐡ ᖱ ႎ ࠍ ೋ ߼ ዊ ═ ේ
࡮ᴒ ✽

℄ ᄢ ╬

╬ ߣ ߩ ࿖ 㓙 ㅪ㚂 ㇺ ࿤ ᄢ ቇ ᣉ ⸳ߣ ߩ ੝ ᾲ Ꮺ ㅪ ៤ ߇ ໧ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬࿾ ၞ ࡮ ᜚ ὐ ⷰ ᷹૕ ೙ ߩ ల ታ ߽ ਇ น ᰳ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ ޟޕ‬㆏ ߩ ፉ ‫ ߩ ޘ‬᜚ ὐ ൻ ‫ ࠆ ࠃ ߦޠ‬ၮὐ ᒻ ᚑ ߪ ᄖ ⊒ ࡮ ౝ ⊒ ⊛ ᗧ ⟵ ߇ ޽ ࠅ ‫ ޔ‬ෂ ᕆ ߩ ⺖ 㗴 ߢ ޽ ࠆ ‫ޕ‬