14%semi-desert

Area=2 724 902 km²
5.5%

forests

45%
desertThe 9th largest country in the
9.5%
world

water resources

26%
step land

Population=18 507 900

2Agriculture

Increased variability ofwheat production
Land degradation and crop loss

Human Health

Ecosystems
Altered hydrology
Land and habitat degradation

Increased extreme weather
eventrelated mortality and morbidity
Vector-borne disease expansion
Water
Increased glacial melt
Altered seasonal river flow
Diminished water availability after
2050s

EnergyDisruption of energy services
Reduced hydropower potential3 Ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 4 May 1995
 Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of March 26, 2009
 Signing of the Paris Agreement of July 20, 2016

The main project components
KAZHYDROMET

NNC RK
Strengthening works
on the national
inventory and researchof release Of
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions following
the international
requirements of theIntergovernmental
Panel on ClimatechangeAssistance in thedevelopment ofresearch andmeasures to reduceclimate change effectand to improve
decision‐making on
climate policy

Assistance in thedevelopment ofmeasures to Climatechange adaptation forplanning further
development ofKazakhstan, taking into
account climaticconditions

Enhancing of activities
for the developmentof knowledge
management,monitoring, andevaluation system ofClimate change

Institute ofGeography
Climatechange
coordination
center4

STRATEGIC AREAS OF NNC RK ACTIVITY
I. Development of RK atomic energy“NATIONAL NUCLEAR CENTER OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAKZKAHSTAN”(NNC RK)

II. Radiation Ecology of Kazakhstan and STS
III. Support of non-proliferation regime
IV. Information and human resources support for atomic branch

BRANCHES
Institute of Atomic Energy (IAE)
Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology (IRSE)

Institute of Geophysical Research (IGR)“Baikal” enterprise5

Primary Activity Areas- radioecology and radiation monitoring of nationalregions where nuclear tests have been
conducted or nuclear facilities are available;- decontamination of radioactively contaminatedareas;- study of medical and biological aspects ofradiation impact on the environment;- research of Climate change (new direction)

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Climate Change Studies Using Nuclear IsotopeTechniques(under development)

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Research and assessment of the climate change effect in Kazakhstan with development of recommendations on
adaptation to possible environmental changes using nuclear and radiological methods.

Climate changeRadiocarbon dating

Assessment of soil gas exchange

Isotopic hydrology method

The radiometric method, basedon the determination ofradiocarbon (14С)
concentrations in theenvironmental objects

Assessment of СО2 emissions andgas exchange for regional types ofsoil and factors contributing to theseprocesses

Isotopic method, based on
measurement of concentrations ofstable isotopes (18О and 2Н) in water
environment and atmosphericprecipitations
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Aim: Assessment of climatic changes and the degree of impact of anthropogenic activities to these changes In the RK
Tasks:
 Development of the technique to collect and prepare soil
samples for research 14С.
 Field researches, including selecting suitable areas for soil
sampling.
 Laboratory works to determine 14С concentrations in soil
samples, as well as physical and chemical properties of soil,and concentrations of radioactive substances.
 Comparative analysis between the temperature of
atmospheric air and 14С concentration in soil.
 Processing, analysis and interpretation of results.
Influence of temperature andtype of substrate
for chemical yield 14C

The essence of radiocarbon method consists of comparisonof three different radiocarbon isotopes (stable 12С and 13С,and 14С radioisotope).

Basic stages:
 analysis of 12С and 13С stable isotopes;
 obtaining СО2;
 determining concentration of 14С; calculation of radiocarbon age (converted using a formula, forthis purpose the data on International standard samples isrequired); calculation of the real age (using computer software); modeling climatic changes using computer software (for thispurpose the results of stable isotopes analysis, radiocarbon
analysis data massif and climatic parameters are required).
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Aim: To study impact of the consequences of climatic changes to the water reserves of Kazakhstan
Method of isotope hydrology allows getting reliable
information on the sources of various water objects and To get the source data on the state of water resources atmospheric precipitations and study the climate change(underground and surface waters).
impact on them.

Tasks:

 To identify conditions, under that the water resources areformed (sources of supply for underground and surfacewaters ).
 To determine whether the water exchange processes takeplace between different aquifers takes place or nor and to
determine the time interval when they take place.
 To identify climatic factors – impact of temperature andamount of precipitations to the state of water resources.

System of 2Н/180 ratios in theenvironment

Typical distribution of stable isotopes
in the system – Global line of meteoricwater

At present, for the first time in Kazakhstan, data on concentrations of2Н and 18O in atmospheric precipitation under different natural andclimatic conditions have been obtained. Based on those results local
line of meteoric waters and regression equation were determined. At
this stage, this will enable us to trace the possible changes in the waterenvironment.

Aim: Assessment of soil СО2 gas exchange as a source of СО2 emitted into the atmosphere

Tasks:
 To study seasonal quantitative parameters of СО2 gas
exchange for the background regional types of soil taking
into account natural moisture content, air and soil
temperature.
 To study seasonal quantitative parameters of СО2 gas
exchange for the regional types of soil, sufferinganthropogenic impact taking into account natural moisturecontent, air and soil temperature.
 To build
regression models allowing to predict thedependence of soil СО2 streams on moisture content in soil
as well as on air and soil temperature.

Objects of research:background regional soils,pasturelands, farming lands.
Methods of research : complex of field, instrumental,laboratory and statistical methods of analysis.

Expected results
 Quantitative parameters of СО2 emission- gas exchange forregional soil types, both background and those subjected toanthropogenic impact will be assessed, taking into accountmoisture content, air temperature, and soil temperature.
 Regression models, allowing to predict the intensity of soil СО2streams depending on soil moisture, air temperature, and soil
temperature will be obtained.

 Obtained data will allow improving the understanding of the processes of climatic change and thefactors, causing the development of these processes
 Scientific-methodological approaches should contribute to an assessment of sensibility of economics
and population to climatic changes, to development of various scenarios of potential consequences ofclimatic changes and take adequate measures in a timely manner for adaptation, and finally, to assure
stable development of Kazakhstan.
 The target consumer of the program resources is the Ministry of Ecology, Geology, and Natural Resourcesof RK. On the global scale, target consumers are countries and international organizations actively
responding to climatic change.
 Results of the research will be used to develop recommendations for responding to climatic changes
and for the development of measures to adapt to such changes in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The Project Proposal KZ-2611 - Revealing climate change and impact ofman-made factors on contamination of the natural environment bystudying radiocarbon concentration in the earth crust of the forest
ecosystems of Kazakhstan

Foreign collaborators

Aim of this project is to determine the level of climate change in the environment of Kazakhstan and the degree of impact of humanactivities to this change.
Tasks:
1. Development of a technique for soil samples collection and preparation for 14C research.
2. Field researches, including selection of suitable areas for soil sampling provided for climate, landscape and other natural peculiarities.
3. Laboratory researches for determining 14С concentration in soil samples, structure and physical and chemical properties of soil,concentration of radioactive substances in soil samples.
4. Processing, analysis and interpretation of the data obtained.

We are open for friendship and cooperation!

Thank you for your attention!

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