Country Report

APPLICATION OF NUCEARSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYFOR PROTECTION OF
ENVIRONMENTIN INDONESIAFNCA – Ministerial LevelMeeting
Astana – Kazakhstan,
10-11 October, 2017

Djarot S. Wisnubroto
Hendig Winarno
National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia

NST for Land RemediationEnvironmental damage due to various human activities
affect the decrease in land carrying capacity which
generally starts from the biological degradation in therooting areas of plants (rhizospheres). It can cause thebreak-down of biochemical cycles, resulting the damage tothe soil aggregation and then the revegetation becomesdifficult, subsequently the physical degradation occurs in
the form of top-soil erosion;

The best solution for stimulating plant growth is theinoculation of soil organic matter source and theenrichment of functional microorganisms according to theexisting condition of the land.

www.batan.go.id2

Application of Bioremediation Agentsin Arid Land (Brebes, Central Java) Problem:

Brebes, Central Java
10 Ha area

land crusting, excess ofchemical fertilizers, high pesticide
residues, and low microbial rhizosphere
population.
 Bioremediation agents used:
2.5 ton/Ha of Cocopeat enriched withrhizosphere microbes; 10 Ha area;
75% chemical fertilizer of recommendation.
 Result:• Improvements

Result:provitas umbimeningkat 21%

www.batan.go.id

in some soil
physical-chemical parameters (N,C organic, C/N ratio; P2O5);• Productivityof shallot tuber
increased 21% (10.0  12.1 ton/ha).
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Application of Microbial Consortium
Formulation in Ex-gold Mine Land
Problem: low acidity

Anahoni, Maluku

Application of microbial consortium
formulation in ex-gold mine land(Anahoni - Buru Island - SouthMaluku)
Selectedmicrobialconsortium
formulation and microbes origin
potential for microbial enrichment
which is beneficial for sites affectedby Mercury and acid contaminations.
BATAN + Ministry of Envir. & Forestry

www.batan.go.id

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Bioremediation of Land Pollutedby Oil Sludge (Cepu-Blora-Central Java)
Forest rejuvenation withproblematic land of white Initial condition:
Land polluted byroot fungus
oil sludge which iscontaining HCs

IMR + Compostar

Application of Inoculant Rhizosphere
Microbes (IMR) + HCDec (25 kg/ha) postin-situ composting with sawdust (5 ton/ha)
Improvement of mango plantand elephant grass growth
after application.

IMR + HCDec
www.batan.go.id5IMR and PBO Application for Pepper Plants
in Bangka Regency
IMR = Inoculant Rhizosphere Microbes,
PBO = Bio-organic Fertilizer The condition of pepper plant on ex-rubber plantland with high pathogen population of Rigidoporus
microporus (WRD = white root desease); Root infections cause Nematodes andFusarium spp. to thrive.
 Usinga combination of several
bioremediation agents, the growth ofphytopathogens such as Fusarium spp.
can be suppressed, then the dead root
tissue can be reactivated, the plant roots
become healthy, soil structure can beimproved, furthermore plant productivity
increased.
www.batan.go.id

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Air Pollution Problem in Indonesia
 Increased economic development in theIndonesian region has often led to rapid
and unplanned urbanization;
 Urban air pollution is a major problem inthis region and growing recognition of
the health effect problems resulting
from airborne particles; Air pollution is a global phenomenon

with air transport taking place acrosscountries in a few days and around theglobe in a few weeks.
Figure courtesy of NASAwww.batan.go.id7

NATs in Environmental Protection
The application of nuclear analytical techniques (NATs) inenvironmental field has been implemented in several researches: It has established the national scale air quality monitoring using NATs
under collaboration between BATAN with Ministry of Environmentand Forestry, and several Local EPA in provinces and cities;
 BATAN made a big step in expanding sampling site locations from one
sites in Bandung into 16 sites covering Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan,Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua islands during the last 3 years;
 The results obtained from this project have supported:• the evaluation of effectiveness unleaded gasoline program,• several findings related heavy metal pollution in Tangerangand East Java province,• forest fires event in Sumatera and Borneo, and• encouraging the revision of government regulation on National Ambient
Air QualityStandardandintroductionof new nationalair qualityindex;
www.batan.go.id8

NAA for Elemental Characterizationon Air Particulate MatterIndonesia committed on FNCA 2016-2019 program; Goal: Compare the current status of air pollution to theprevious result of 2002-2004 for Urban and Sub-Urban region;
Sampling of Air Particulate Matter
Site Urban: Bandung city
Sampling Periode: minimun once a month
Air Sample used: Gant stacked filter
Nuclear Analytical Techniques used: XRF, NAA
In the near future, this project will expand to the regional scale
under collaboration with several countries in Asia Pacificregion, to focus on the impact of industrial activities in airquality.
www.batan.go.id9NST in Climate Change Impacts of climate change to the marine and coastal ecosystem;

increasing Sea Surface Temperature (SST) resulting of coralbleaching and El-Nino, Sea Level Rise, ocean acidification andincreases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events(i.e., typhoons, floods, and drought);
 Indonesia holds 17% of the world's total coral reef areas; About 3 million hectares of mangrove forest grow along Indonesia’s
95,000 km coastline. This is 23% of all mangrove ecosystems in the world; NST play important roles particularly in the past time climate
condition (paleo-climate) which is used for model prediction sothat it will be needed for adaptation and mitigation.
www.batan.go.id
 BATAN+ Agency for R&D of Marine and Fisheries.
10Implementations:
Coral  Reconstruct SST and Salinity
Coral sampling sites: Lampung andBanten bay in the western part, Bali andLombok in the central, and Wakatobi(Southeast Sulawesi) and Bunaken (NorthSulawesi) in the eastern part ofIndonesia.
A total of 17 cores have been collected Nuclear Technologies:• X-ray radiography for annual
banding (extension rate);• Stable isotopes O-18 and Sr/Cafor SST and Salinity.

 Based on the annual banding and linear extension rates of corals,

mostly show that they decreased from about 100 years ago up
to now which is related to the increase of temperature.
www.batan.go.id

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El-Nino Events Related to Linear Implementation on Mangrove Extension Rates of Coral and SST“Blue Carbon” on The Carbon Stockin Seribu Islandsa)
LinearExtension Rate (cm/y)  80% of carbon in mangrove systems
in Indonesia is stored in the soil.
 By using dating method of C-14 and(- 0.35 cm in 60 y)
Pb-210, it can be estimated the fluxand rate of it deposition
SST (0C) in Seribu Islands(accumulation) in the sediment.
Meanwhile, C-13 and N-15 can beused for identification of carbon(0.62 0C in 60 y)sources in the sediment mangrove.
0SST ( C) in Pacific Ocean
 Future plan, Indonesia will focus tothe blue carbon research onmangrove forest in order to0(0.30 C in 60 y)contribute to the regional Asia Pacific2011 database in term of climate change.
1951

SPL(0C)

21.5
10.530b)29

SPL (0C)(cm/tahun)

2.5282729c)

28

27

2625
1951

1956

1961

19661971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

TAHUNd)www.batan.go.id

Sediment coring

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Indonesia Experimental Power Reactor (I-EPR)
and Irradiator Facility Establishment
10 MWth, HTGR
Gamma Irradiator Facility• I-EPR  entry points for NPP;
• Gamma Irradiator for health,•  strategic effort for mastering NPP industry, and food processing
project management, engineering has been established;capacity building and HRD to• This facility is intended to bestrengthen the role of TSO;
• I-EPR will be a master of Indonesia functioned as a pilot project forCommercial NPP in the future to the establishment of othersupport fulfilling energy demand;
similar irradiators by localandprivate• roject Status : Pre-project
has governments
been completed, Site Permit has institutions.
been issued on 23 Jan 2017.
www.batan.go.id

Thank You13