PT5E-0505

Riken Photoelectron Spectrometer

AC-5
Operating Manual<Contents>
1
1-1.
1-2.
1-3.

Before Using............................................................................................................ 3
Overview ................................................................................................................. 3
Purpose of use ........................................................................................................ 3
Definition of DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, and NOTE ..................................... 4

2
2-1.
2-2.

Important Notices on Safety .................................................................................... 5
Warning cases ......................................................................................................... 5
Precautions ............................................................................................................. 8

3
Product Functions ................................................................................................... 9
3-1.
Names and functions for each part .......................................................................... 9
3-1.1. LC (Light source part) .............................................................................................. 9
3-1.2 DC (Measuring part) ................................................................................................ 10
3-2.
Block diagram .......................................................................................................... 12
4
4-1.
4-2.
4-3.
4-4.

How to Use .............................................................................................................. 13
WARNING and CAUTION for installation ................................................................ 13
Cable connection ..................................................................................................... 14
Tubing ..................................................................................................................... 14
Optical fiber connection ........................................................................................... 14

5
5-1.
5-2.
5-3.
5-4.

How to Operate ....................................................................................................... 15
Check items ............................................................................................................. 15Power on ................................................................................................................. 15
Measurement .......................................................................................................... 16
Analysis ................................................................................................................... 16

6
Maintenance Check ................................................................................................. 17
6-1.
Daily maintenance ................................................................................................... 17
6-1.1. Display lamp check ................................................................................................. 17
6-1.2. Sample room check ................................................................................................. 17
6-2.
Consumables .......................................................................................................... 18
6-2.1. Detector ................................................................................................................... 18
6-2.2. Lamp ....................................................................................................................... 19
6-2.3. Optical fiber ............................................................................................................. 19
7
7-1.
7-2.
7-3.

Measures for Abnormalities ..................................................................................... 21
Diagnosis of abnormalities ...................................................................................... 21
User actions for abnormalities ................................................................................. 21
When you suspect a failure ..................................................................................... 22

8

How to Stop Operation ............................................................................................ 23

9

Definition of Terms ................................................................................................... 24

10
10-1.
10-2.

Detection Principle .................................................................................................. 25
Photoelectron detection principle ............................................................................ 25
Photoelectric work function measurement ............................................................... 26

11
List of Product Specifications................................................................................... 27
11-1.
Product specifications.............................................................................................. 27
11-1.1. Specifications of the main unit ....................................................................................................... 27
11-1.2. Display/controller specifications..................................................................................................... 28
11-1.3. Software (measurement/analysis) function specifications.......................................................... 28
11-2.
List of configuration ................................................................................................. 29
11-2.1. Standard components .................................................................................................................... 29
11-2.2. Standard accessories ..................................................................................................................... 29
11-2.3. Optional accessories ...................................................................................................................... 29
11-2.4. Option (maintenance parts, etc.) ................................................................................................... 30

AC-5

-2-

1 Before Using

1-1. Overview

1

Before Using
This chapter describes the information to be known before using this unit.

1-1. Overview
Thank you very much for choosing our AC-5. Please check that the model number of the product you
purchased is included in this manual.
This manual is described on the assumption of the following: Use this unit conforming to the purpose of use described in the next section.
 The safety and quality of this product cannot be guaranteed if this manual and related manuals
below are ignored when operating or maintaining this product or it is altered in any way or repaired
using unspecified parts. We will not be liable for any accidents caused by these conditions.
 Any copying or reproduction of this manual, in whole or in part, without permission is prohibited.
 Due to the improvement of this product, the contents of this manual are subject to be changed
without prior notice.
This manual contains information required for using this product properly. Not only the first-time users but
also the users who have used this product in past times must read and understand this manual before using
this product.
Also keep this manual in the place where this product is used to be checked immediately as necessary.
To use this product, the manuals below are available in addition to this manual. Please read them asnecessary.
Number in the figure

FunctionAC-5 Measurement Application Operating Manual

The AC-5 measurement application handling is
described.
The AC-5 analysis application handling is
described.

AC-5 Analysis Application Operating Manual

1-2. Purpose of use
 Metal material work function measurement
 Ionization potential measurement for semiconductor materials and organic materials
 Density of states measurement

AC-5

-3-

1 Before Using

1-3. Definition of DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, and NOTE

1-3. Definition of DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, and
NOTE

AC-5

DANGER

This message indicates that improper handling may cause serious damage on
life, health or assets.

WARNING

This message indicates that improper handling may cause serious damage on
health or assets.

CAUTION

This message indicates that improper handling may cause minor damage on
health or assets.

NOTE

This message indicates advice on handling.

-4-2 Important Notices on Safety

2-1. Warning cases

2

Important Notices on
Safety2-1. Warning cases
WARNING
Do not open the main unit cover while the unit is energized.
 High-voltage parts exist within the main unit; an electric shock may be generated.
 Never look at the ultraviolet lamp while it is lighting up with naked eyes because ultraviolet isbeing emitted from the lamp. Pain in the eyes and vision disorder will be caused.
 Never apply ultraviolet directly on your skin. Skin inflammations will be caused.
 Never touch the ultraviolet lamp while it is lighting up or immediately after the lamp is turned off
because it is hot. Burn injuries will be caused.
Abnormal heat, smoke, sound or odor
In case any abnormality occurs during use, stop using the unit immediately, turn the power off, anddisconnect the cable from the wall outlet. Continuing to use the unit in such situation may cause anelectric shock or fire.
Shocks by dropping, etc.
Do not give a shock to the unit by dropping, crash, etc.
It may disturb the proper operation and measurement as this product consists of precision parts
such as optical systems and automatic stages.
Use in locations with high temperature/humidity or dusty places Do not store or use the unit in locations with high temperature/humidity or dusty places.
The unit's abnormal behaviors, electric shocks, fires, etc. may be caused. Use the unit within
the use temperature/humidity range (15 - 35°C, 60%RH or less, and -30°C dew point or more).
 When the unit is exposed to large temperature differences, such as when it is moved from a
low temperature place to a high temperature place, condensation may be formed on thesurface or inside the unit. Using the unit in this situation causes failures.
When the unit is relocated, leave it in a new installation site for a few hours to have it adjusted
to the ambient temperature.
Power supply to be used
Use the unit only with the indicated power voltage. If not, damage of the unit, electric shocks, andfires will be caused.

-5-

AC-5

2 Important Notices on Safety

2-1. Warning cases

WARNING
Connection of grounding terminal
For safety, connect the power cable to a grounded outlet (3P).
If the supplied conversion plug is used by necessity, ground an earth terminal.
Ignoring this may cause electric shock.
Power cable handlingDo not place anything on the power cable and do not pull, press, bend, or process the power cable.
Ignoring this may cause damage of the power cable, electric shocks, and fires.
Inserting/removing the power plug
 When the power cable is inserted to/removed from the outlet, the power plug must be held. If
the cable is pulled, a part of the cable will be broken and cause fires.
 Check for dust attached to the power plug and insert the plug all the way. Do not use an outlet
that may cause connection failures. It may result in fire.
 Do not insert the power cable to an outlet with a wet hand. An electric shock may be caused.
Avoid overloading electrical outlet.
Avoid connecting many power plugs to the same electrical outlet which can cause overloading.
Not only does it pose a risk of fire, but it also affects other devices when the circuit breaker trips due
to overloading. Also, it makes the product vulnerable to noise from the power source, thus causing
malfunctions.
Intrusion of foreign substances
Do not put anything other than measurement targets in the unit from the sample door.
Also prevent metallic or flammable materials from entering the unit from a ventilator window orothers.
If the unit is used while they are in the unit, malfunctions, electric shocks, and fires will be caused.

Caution, electricity
This label is attached on or inside of the unit to indicate that hazardous voltages may exist.

Caution, high temperatureThis label is attached on or inside of the unit to indicate that the surface may be with hazardous hightemperature.

Caution, ultraviolet
This label is attached on or inside of the unit to indicate that looking straight may cause vision
disorder.

General warningThis label indicates that improper handling may cause serious damage on health or assets.

AC-5

-6-

2 Important Notices on Safety

2-1. Warning cases

WARNING
Placing anything on the unit
Do not place a container filled with water, such as a vase and flower pot, or small metallic object likea pin and clip on the unit. Using the unit while such objects are inside the unit may cause failures,electric shocks, or fires.
Stage interlock
The interlock function does not allow the stage operation while the sample door is open.
Transfer/transportation
 Because the unit is heavy, be careful not to drop it and ensure the safety of operators when it istransferred or transported.
 Make sure that two or more persons carry the unit holding the bottom of it.
Installation
Install this product on a stable table with adequate strength.

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AC-5

2 Important Notices on Safety

2-2. Precautions

2-2. Precautions
CAUTION
Use this product in a room such as a laboratory with stable temperature/humidity. Especially avoid
installing the unit in places below. Ignoring this may result in failure or accident.
 Outdoors or places exposed to water Dusty or dump places Places with frequent vibrations
 Places with frequent temperature/humidity changes. Places with direct sun lights and windfrom an air conditioner.
 Places with many chemical materials such as solvent/acid/alkali vapors and gasses in the air.
Avoid noises from a high-capacity transformer, power sources for motors, driving power, etc.
and others and noise sources of high voltage generators.
Contact with edges of metal, etc.
Be very careful when you need to touch the edges of steel sheets and others for relocation or otherreasons.
Use of a transceiver near this product.
Note that emission of radio waves from a transceiver or others near this product or cables may
disturb correct measurement. If a transceiver or others are used, they must be used in a place
where they disturb nothing.
Order of power-on
Power on the main unit according to the PC application software.
Repower-on
When the power is turned on again, wait five minutes or more after the power off.
If the power is turned on within five minutes, normal operations may be disabled.
Order of operation end
Exit the PC application software first, and then turn off the power of the main unit.
Cautions for compressed air
 Use compressed air for compressed air. Synthetic air made by mixing nitrogen and oxygencannot be used.
 If the following substances are included in the compressed dry air, the unit may be degradedand damaged.
Type
Substances that must not be included
Solvent
Acetone, benzene, phenol, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene, cresol,
thinner, aniline, chloroform, alcohol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methylene
chloride, cyclohexanone, carbon tetrachloride, etc.
Acid
Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid,
chromium acid, etc.
Gas
Chlorine gas, sulfurous acid gas, hydrogen sulfide, bromine,semiconductor manufacturing gas, etc.
Oil
Phosphoric ester hydraulic oil, fuel oil, soluble cutting oil (alkaline),kerosene, etc.
 Using the unit with higher pressure than the specified one may damage the dry air generator.
 Install the compressor in the same environment where the AC-5 is installed.
 Inducting liquid such as water from the compressed dry air tube will damage the unit.
 Inducting gases such as nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and inactive gas other than air from thecompressed dry air tube may damage the unit.
 Use a Teflon tube with a specified diameter for the compressed air piping.
 Use the tube supplied by RIKENKEIKI.

AC-5

-8-

3 Product Functions

3-1. Names and functions for each part3

Product Functions
3-1. Names and functions for each part3-1.1. LC (Light source part)[Front](1) POWER/STANDBY LAMP
(5) LAMP MAINTENANCE DOOR
(2) TROUBLE LAMP

(3) POWER SW(4) OPTICAL FIBER CONNECTOR(1) POWER/STANDBY LAMP: During measurementꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in green
During standby (warming-up) ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Blinking in green(2) TROUBLE LAMP:
Normallyꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Off
Troubles occurred ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in red
During operation check (right after the power-on) ꞏꞏ Blinking in red(3) POWER SW:
ON ( | ), OFF (O)

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AC-5

3 Product Functions

3-1. Names and functions for each part

[Rear](5) LAMP MAINTENANCE DOOR

(8) FUSE(6) POWER IN(9) USB CONNECTOR (PC)(7) POWER OUT (DC)(10) RS-232C CONNECTOR (DC)3-1.2 DC (Measuring part)[Front](5) DETECTOR MAINTENANCE DOOR
(1) POWER/STANDBY LAMP
(2) TROUBLE LAMP
(3) OPEN LAMP

(4) SAMPLE DOOR

(1) POWER/STANDBY LAMP: During measurementꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in green
During standby (warming-up) ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Blinking in green(2) TROUBLE LAMP:
Normallyꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Off
Troubles occurred ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in red
During operation check (right after the power-on) ꞏꞏ Blinking in red(3) OPEN LAMP:
While the sample door is open ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in orange

AC-5- 10 -

3 Product Functions

3-1. Names and functions for each part

[Rear](8) FUSE(9) USB (PC *Option)(7) AIR IN(10) RS-232C (LC)(6) POWER IN- 11 -

AC-5

3 Product Functions

3-2. Block diagram

3-2. Block diagram
Dry air
Pressure: 0.1 - 0.2 MPa
Flow rate: 2 L/min or more
Tube:
6x4 mmSolenoid valve

Detector

Spectrometer

Wedge

Ultraviolet
lamp

Mesh

Flow controllerCounter
controllereSample stage

Lamp power

Photodiodeθ stage
X stage

Controller

Controller
LC (Light source part)

DC (Measuring part): Ultraviolet: Tubing: Electric signal line

PC for control
Display/controller

AC-5- 12 -

4 How to Use

4-1. WARNING and CAUTION for installation

4

How to Use
4-1. WARNING and CAUTION for installation
WARNING
Make sure that two or more persons carry the unit holding the bottom of it.
Install this product on a table with adequate strength.
If it is used with methods other than we have specified, the protective functions provided by this unit
may be deteriorated.

CAUTION
Use this product in a room such as a laboratory with stable temperature/humidity. Especially avoid
installing the unit in places below. Ignoring this may result in failure or accident.
 Outdoors or places exposed to water Dusty or dump places Places with frequent vibrations
 Places with frequent temperature/humidity changes. Places with direct sun lights and windfrom an air conditioner.
 Places with many chemical materials such as solvent/acid/alkali vapors and gasses in the air.
This product consists of sensitive electronic parts. Install it on a level surface in a stable place, withcare not to drop or hit it against something.
Avoid noises from a high-capacity transformer, power sources for motors, driving power, etc. andothers and noise sources of high voltage generators.
To prevent malfunctions caused by radio disturbance, a transceiver, mobile phone, and others
should be used at least 1 m away from the unit.
Install the unit away from surroundings by 20 cm or more.
To remove the power plug immediately after an abnormality occurs, separate the rear side from thesurroundings by 20 cm or more.

- 13 -

AC-5

4 How to Use

4-2. Cable connection

4-2. Cable connection
Connect the cables in the order below:(1) Connect LC and DC with the supplied power cable.
(2) Connect LC and DC with the supplied RS-232C cable.
(3) Connect LC and PC with the supplied USB cable.
(4) Connect the supplied power cable to LC.
(5) Connect DC and PC with the USB cable from the connector for a camera. (Option)

CAUTION
The cable connection shall be performed by our service engineer. Request service engineer forcable connection.

4-3. Tubing(1) Use the following teflon tube as the tube material.
Outer diameter: φ6 mm, internal diameter: φ4 mm, pressure resistance: 0.3 MPa or more
(2) Check that the tube is cut vertically, circular in cross-section, and has no outer cracks.
(3) Make sure to insert the tube all the way, and then pull it to check that it does not come off.
(4) Connect it to the supply source (Pressure: 0.1 - 0.2 MPa).

4-4. Optical fiber connection
CAUTION
The optical fiber connection shall be performed by our service engineer. Request service engineer
for optical fiber connection.

AC-5- 14 -

5 How to Operate

5-1. Check items

5

How to Operate
5-1. Check items
 Wiring: Check for correct connection of the main unit, PC, and others.
 Tubing: Check that the specified requirements (tube materials, pressure, etc.) are observed.

Dry air IN(0.1 - 0.2 MPa)

Power cable

USB cable

RS-232C cable
DC

LC

Optical fiber
AC power cable*

The number of USB cables is one for the unit with the standard specifications and two for one with anembedded camera (optional specifications).

 If the wall outlet has a switch, turn it ON. Also, understand the following and then turn on the power.
 Make sure that the power voltage matches the one displayed on this product.
 Connect the power cables of LC and PC to a grounded outlet.

WARNING
About grounding (earth) To prevent electric shocks, never fail to connect the power cables to a grounded outlet (3P).
 If the supplied conversion plug is used by necessity, ground the earth terminal.

5-2. Power onTurn on the power in the order below:(1) Turn on the PC.
(2) Check that the Windows is up.
(3) Turn ON (| side) the power switch on the LC front panel.

- 15 -

AC-5

5 How to Operate

5-3. Measurement

5-3. Measurement
Use AC-5 measurement application for the measurement. For details, see "AC-5 Measurement Application
Operating Manual".
In addition, note the following for correct measurement.

CAUTION(1) Prevent sample contamination as much as possible. Use tweezers or others when a sample ishandled. Also, be careful not to blow out a breath or others to the sample.
(To prevent absorption of water or others in an exhaled breath)(2) Dust is much smaller than the measurement area; therefore, it does not affect themeasurement in many cases. If you are worried about the dust, remove it with tweezers or blow
it off with an air duster or others.
(3) More than 90% of emitted ultraviolet is emitted on the square of 4mm at the center of thesample stage. Therefore, the square becomes the measurement area. If more than two types ofmaterials exist on the surface of the measurement area, photoelectrons are emitted from theboth materials. Also, extremely weak ultraviolet is emitted around the measurement area.
(4) Use a sample stage corresponding to the thickness of the sample to be measured. Enter theincident UV with an angle of 30 degrees to the measurement surface from the optical fiber side.
Therefore, when the height has 0.2 mm of misalignment, the emission location will have 0.35
mm of misalignment.
(5) Be careful when a sample which is equal to or smaller than the measurement area is to bemeasured. For example, when the characteristics of the photoemission from ITO which has thepatterning of 4 mm square on 20 mm aluminum plate square, even if the location and height are
adjusted very strictly, about 10% of ultraviolet will be emitted on the aluminum. Because 50
times of ITO or more photoelectrons are emitted from the aluminum, this measurement result
indicates the photoemission characteristics from aluminum. In this case, it is recommended thatmasking is executed with tapes or others which does not emit photoelectrons.
(6) Measure the photoelectron counting rate in the area of 4000 cps or less. Because of thecorrection, the counting of 4000 cps or more provides dramatically-degraded accuracy. In
addition, adjust the photoelectron counting rate with the UV intensity.

5-4. Analysis
Use the AC-5 analysis application for the analysis. For details, see "AC-5 Analysis Application Operating
Manual".

AC-5- 16 -

6 Maintenance Check

6-1. Daily maintenance

6

Maintenance Check
To maintain the performance of this product and improve the reliability, perform regular maintenance andcheck.

6-1. Daily maintenance
6-1.1. Display lamp check
Check that POWER/STANDBY, TROUBLE, OPEN LAMPS are lighting up correctly.


POWER/STANDBY LAMP: During measurement ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in green
During standby (warming-up) ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Blinking in green
TROUBLE LAMP:
Normally ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Off
Troubles occurred ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in red
During operation check (right after the power-on) ꞏꞏ Blinking in red
OPEN LAMP:
While the sample door is open・ ꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏꞏ Lighting up in orange

6-1.2. Sample room check
Before the power is turned on, open the sample door to check for internal contaminants. If any contaminants
exist, remove them with the following method:(1) Vacuum off powdery contaminants with a sweeper or something.
(2) Wipe off contaminants attached to the stage with isopropyl alcohol.
(3) If liquid such as solvent is used for contaminants removal, open and leave the sample door for a few
hours, and use the unit after volatile matters are discharged from the sample room.

CAUTION
If the measurement is performed while charged fine powders and volatile solvent are left in thesample room, the detector may be damaged and have resulting shorter life.
Isopropyl alcohol is a combustible liquid; therefore, it may catch fire. Handle it with care.

- 17 -

AC-5

6 Maintenance Check

6-2. Consumables

6-2. Consumables
CAUTION
The consumables replacement shall be performed by our service engineer. Request RIKEN KEIKI for
consumables replacement.

The following three consumables are for this product.

6-2.1. Detector
Contaminants on the anode of the AC-5 detector (LE-6118) disable the measurement.
The following message is a notice message to indicate that the detector replacement time is near.

When the following message is displayed, the detector life has expired.

The detector must be replaced if this message is displayed or degradation phenomena such as lowered
detection efficiency, high noises, and measurement values variation occur. The rough idea for the
replacement period is one year, although it depends on the use frequency.

AC-5- 18 -

6 Maintenance Check

6-2. Consumables

6-2.2. Lamp
The following message is a notice message to indicate that the lamp replacement time is near.

When the following message is displayed, the lamp life has expired.

The lamp must be replaced if this message is displayed. The rough idea of the lamp life is 1500 hours.

6-2.3. Optical fiber
The following message is a notice message to indicate that the replacement time is near.

When the following message is displayed, the lives have expired.

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AC-5

6 Maintenance Check

6-2. Consumables

They must be replaced if this message is displayed or the UV intensity to be used for the measurement
becomes unavailable. The rough idea for the replacement period is one year, although it depends on theuse frequency and used UV intensity.

AC-5- 20 -

7 Measures for Abnormalities

7-1. Diagnosis of abnormalities

7

Measures for Abnormalities
7-1. Diagnosis of abnormalities
This product includes a self-diagnosis function to check functions when it is started and while it is running. If
an abnormality is detected, normal measurement is unavailable. Determine the cause and take a proper
measure.
In addition, the unit notifies of an abnormality with the following two methods:
 AC-5 behavior:
When the main unit has an abnormality, TROUBLE lamp lights up (red).
 Control PC behavior:
When the TROUBLE lamp (red) is lighting up, an abnormal signal is received and displayed on thescreen.
When the software has an abnormality, an error message is displayed on the screen. For details,
see "AC-5 Measurement Application Operating Manual".

CAUTION
If the main unit and controller go out of control with an expected cause, the TROUBLE lamp may notlight up or an error message may not be displayed. Turn the power off and disconnect the cable fromthe outlet.

7-2. User actions for abnormalities
Stop the operation to remove the abnormality causes seeing the next section. After the cause is removed,
restart the product to check for reoccurrence of the abnormal phenomenon.
If the abnormality reoccurs without a clear cause or different abnormalities occur continuously, record thescreen display of the control PC and the abnormal phenomenon, and contact RIKEN KEIKI.
If the abnormal phenomenon may damage a human body and object, contact RIKEN KEIKI immediately
without reoccurrence confirmation.
When abnormal data is measured, never fail to save the data. This data helps the abnormality cause
determination in many cases.

- 21 -

AC-5

7 Measures for Abnormalities

7-3. When you suspect a failure

7-3. When you suspect a failure Impossible Power ON
Possible cause
The power cable plug is not inserted.
The power is not supplied to the outlet.
The power fuse has blown out.
LC rear circuit breaker has tripped.

Remedial action
Turn OFF the switch of the main unit and insert thepower cable to the correct outlet.
Check the cause of the fuse blowout. If there is no
problem, replace the fuse.
Turn OFF the switch of the main unit, switch on the
breaker, and then turn ON the power switch.

How to replace fuse
(1) Turn the cap of the fuse holder counterclockwise to remove it.
(2) Replace the fuse attached to the cap with a new one.
(3) Put back the cap.

CAUTIONUse a specified fuse.
If fuses others than the specified one are used, damages of the unit or abnormal operations may
occur.
Fuse specifications and characteristics
250 Aac T2.5AL
 The power is turned on but the unit does not start normally.
Possible cause
Remedial action
The sample door cover is open.
Close the cover completely. The unit will start
automatically.
 The AC-5 measurement application is up but communications are unavailable.
Possible cause
Remedial action
Communication cable (USB, RS-232C)
Reconnect the communication cable (USB, RS-232C).
connection failure
Communications error with momentary
Restart the unit and the AC-5 measurement application.
electromagnetic noises
 The TROUBLE lamp (red) blinks for a few minutes right after the power-on.
Possible cause
Remedial action
Blinking to indicate operation check
If it goes off after a few minutes, there is no failure.
 The TROUBLE lamp (red) lights up.
Possible cause
The compressed air pressure has become
lower.
The ultraviolet lamp is not lighting up.

Remedial action
Check the compressed air and restart the main unit.

The fan is not rotating.

(1) Restart the main unit.
(2) Replace the ultraviolet lamp.
Restart the main unit.

 The anode voltage setting is unavailable.
Possible cause
The detector has failed.

Remedial action
Replace the detector.

AC-5- 22 -

8 How to Stop Operation

8

How to Stop Operation(1) If the AC-5 measurement application is running, exit it.
(2) Switch the power switch on this product (LC) front panel from ON (| side) to OFF (O side).
(3) Stop the supply of dry air.

NOTE
Even if this product is turned OFF, the AC-5 analysis application can be started to check the alreadymeasured data.

CAUTION
Never fail to exit the measurement application before the unit power is turned OFF. If the unit power isturned OFF while the AC-5 measurement application is running, the measurement application may
have an error.

- 23 -

AC-5

9 Definition of Terms

9

Definition of Terms
Slope
A slope of the graph for the incident UV energy and photoelectron yield. It becomes the rough indication ofphotoemission.
Threshold energy
This is the threshold energy of photoemission.
Work function
The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a solid surface.
Ionization potential
The minimum energy necessary for molecule ionization. The energy of the top of the valence band.
State density
The number of statuses which exist between energy E+dE
Incident UV energy
Energy of incident UV 1 photon. It can be obtained with the incident UV wavelength by the formula below:
Energy [eV] = 1240/Wavelength [nm]Incident UV intensity
All energy of incident UV per unit time. It can be obtained with photodiode output current.
UV intensity [nW] = Number of incident UV photons per second x Energy [ev]/0.625
Light intensity correction
To correct the difference of incident UV intensity for each energy for the work function and ionization
potential measurement. Assuming that the number of photoemissions is proportional to the irradiation UV
intensity, correction is made with the formula below:
Calculated value after correction = counting rate before correction/number of incident UV photons X
Number of 5.90 eV incident UV photons

AC-5- 24 -

10 Detection Principle

10-1. Photoelectron detection principle

10Detection Principle
10-1. Photoelectron detection principle
The AC-5 uses the open counter which can count photoelectrons in the air. Figure 10-1.1shows theprinciple diagram of the open counter.
The sample is placed right under the detector, and the sample potential is 0 V. The detector consists ofdoubly overlapped metal grids (a suppressor grid and quenching grid) and metal wire (anode). And in theinitial status they are applied with 80 V, 100 V, and about 2600 V potential respectively.
Electrons emitted from the sample surface due to irradiation by UV collide with gas molecules during driftingand moves for the suppressor grid. Next, in the process, they attach to oxygen molecules and enter within
the detector with the oxygen molecules as carriers to go near the anode. When the O2-ion arrives near theanode, O2-ion gains a kinetic energy. At the time of collision of O2-ion with the gas molecules in air, electron
is detached from the O2-ion and then the electron is accelerated again to the anode. The accelerated
electrons strike the gas molecules and produce additional electrons. This phenomenon is called an electron
avalanche. The electrons multiplied with the electronic avalanche are gathered to the anode and generate
electric pulses in external circuits. These pulses are caught by the electric circuit for electrons to be
counted.
The electronic avalanche caused by electrons entered to the detector generates many positive ions also.
Because the positive ions are large in mass, they move for the sample surface slower than electrons, but
the electronic avalanche occurrence with the next electron may become unstable and crash to the sample
occur.
Therefore, the electric circuit catches the signal pulses to count and simultaneously makes the quenching
grid and suppressor grid potentials to 400 V and -30 V respectively only for 2 msec. The electron avalanche
is suspended due to reduction of the electric field around the anode. During this, the positive ions areneutralized by both grids and disappear. Also, the suppressor grid prevents positive ions from crashing to
the sample and prevents electrons from entering to the detector until positive ions disappear.

e
VA

A

VA

Gq

VGq

Gs

VGs
S
Stage

Electron counting circuit

Preamplifier

Detector

Gs: Suppressor grid Gq: Quenching grid A: Anode
S: Sample

e : Electron

Figure 10-1.1 Open Counter Configuration Diagram- 25 -

AC-5

10 Detection Principle

10-2. Photoelectric work function measurement

10-2. Photoelectric work function measurement
The AC-5 consists of the ultraviolet lamp, light adjuster, spectrometer, open counter, controller, X-Ө stages,
and personal computer as shown in Figure 10-2.1.

DC (Measuring part)
Counter
controller

Detector

Spectrometer

Wedge

Ultraviolet
lamp

Mesh

LC (Light source part)eLamp power

Actinometry

Sample stage

apparatus

θ stage
X stage

Controller

Controller

Control PC (Measurement/analysis application software)
Display/controller

Figure 10-2.1 AC-5 Configuration Diagram

Photoelectron yieldsquare root

The light of wavelength 200 to 364 nm came from the ultraviolet lamp is dispersed to arbitrary wavelengthwith the spectrometer and emitted to the sample surface. The energy of one photon E is 6.2 to 3.4 eV when
it is converted with E=hc/λ (h: Plank's constant, c: Light speed, and λ: Wavelength). Photoelectron is emitted
due to irradiation by UV photons whose energies are larger than the threshold energy. This energy is calleda photoelectric work function. The photoelectric work function is considered as a work function for samples
of metal and as a ionization potential for semiconductors.
As shown in Figure 10-2.2, when the horizontal axis
represents the incident UV energy and the vertical
30
axis represents the photoelectron yield actual
measured value 0.5 power (square root), a straight20
line is obtained if the sample is metal. And thephotoelectric work function is obtained from theintersection of the extrapolating straight line
10
obtained with the least-square method and thebackground line. Also, the slope of the extrapolating0
straight line reflects, the surface contamination,oxidized film thickness, and others.
3.4

5.0

6.2

Ultraviolet energy
Figure 10-2.2 Relation of Ultraviolet Energy and ElectronsAC-5- 26 -

11 List of Product Specifications

11-1. Product specifications

11

List of ProductSpecifications
11-1. Product specifications
11-1.1. Specifications of the main unit
Item
Model
Measurement
principle
Photoelectron
measurement energy
scan range
Actinography energy
scan range
Repetitive accuracy(Standard deviation)
Measurement time
Maximum countUltraviolet lamp
Minimum UV
intensity
Maximum UV
intensity
Ultraviolet
spot size
Spectrometer
SampleSample stage

Standard specifications

Optional specifications

AC-5

―――

Low energy electron counting method―――

3.4 to 6.2 eV (364 to 200 nm)―――

3.4 to 6.2 eV (364 to 200 nm)―――

Work function 0.02 eV (Sample: Metal plate)
Slope 1.0 Y/eV (When averaged slope 20 to 30
Y/eV)Standard time necessary for work function
measurement:(5 sec/1 energy)
4,000 cps

―――
―――
―――

D2 lamp

Xe lamp1.0 nW or less (at 5.9 eV)

5 nW or less

500 nW or more (at 5.9 eV)

2,500 nW or more

2 to 4 mm-square―――

Grating monochrometer
195 mm X 195 mm Max
Thickness 1.0 mm±0.2 mm
195 mm X 195 mm Max
For thickness 1 mm―――

- 27 -

2 to 10 mm
For sample changer

AC-5

11 List of Product Specifications

Operatingenvironment
conditions

Power supply
Power consumption
External dimensions

Weight11-1. Product specifications

 Operation location: Indoor 2000 meters above sea level or lower
 TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES up to the levels
of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGOLY II
 Short-term TEMPORARY OVERVOLTAGE:
1440 V Long-term TEMPORARY OVERVOLTAGE: 490 V
 POLLUTION DEGREE 2
100 - 240 VAC ± 10 % 50/60 Hz 500 VA (MAX)
Approx. 240 W (only the main unit)
AC-5 LC (Light source part): About
470(W)X500(D)X300(H)mm
AC-5 LC (Measuring part): About
600(W)X500(D)X380(H)mm
AC-5 LC (Light source part): About 35 kg
AC-5 DC (Measuring part): About 50 kg

―――

―――
―――
―――

―――

11-1.2. Display/controller specifications
Item
Display
Control computer (PC)OS

Specifications
Size: 17 inch or more
Resolution: 1024 x 768 or more
Desktop type
Processor: 1 GHz or more 32-bit (X86) processor
Memory: 1 GB RAM
Hard disk: 16 GB free space
DirectX® 9 graphic processor with Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM)
1.0 or more
USB port: two ports or more
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive
Mouse
Windows 7 (32-bit version)

11-1.3. Software (measurement/analysis) function
specifications
Functions
Work function measurement
Automatic UV intensity
adjustment function
Automatic device startup
function
Cut and paste function
Repetitive measurement
function
Average calculation function
Differential calculation
function

AC-5

Details
Photoelectron spectrum is measured to decide the work function or
ionization potential.
When the target UV intensity is input, the irradiation UV intensity is
automatically adjusted.
The device initial and detector anode voltage are set automatically.
The measured data can be used for other types of application softwarewith the cut and paste function. (Some applications may be unavailable
with the function.)
Repetitive measurement is executed.
Averages of multiple data items can be calculated.
Differential values are calculated to support the state density
measurement.

- 28 -

11 List of Product Specifications

11-2. List of configuration

11-2. List of configuration
11-2.1. Standard components
Product name
Measuring part
Light source partModel
AC-5 DC
AC-5 LC

Quantity11Remarks
See the specifications of the main unit.
See the specifications of the main unit.

11-2.2. Standard accessories
Product name
Display
Personal computer
Printer
Operating system
Power cable for LCPower cable for DC
Conversion plug
Communication cable (for PC-LC)
Communication cable (for LC-DC)
Detector
Optical fiber
Ultraviolet lamp
Reference sample
Reference sample holder/coverTweezers
System software (CD-ROM)
Operating manual
Warranty

Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Remarks
See the display/controller specifications.
See the display/controller specifications.
See the display/controller specifications.
See the display/controller specifications.

See the specifications of the main unit.
See the specifications of the unit.

11-2.3. Optional accessories
Product name
Dedicated sample stageSample changer(For plate sample) sample stageSample changer(For powder sample) sample stage
Powder sample tray (depth 1.0 mm)
Powder sample tray (depth 0.5 mm)
Embedded camera
Xe lamp unit
Dry air generator

Remarks
Sample planar shape: 195 x 195 mm or lessSpecify the sample thickness within the range of 2.0 mm to10.0 mm by 1.0 mm.
25 sample sheets (max). Shape 10 x 10mm (min), 30 x 30
mm (max), thickness 0.2 mm (min) 2.0 mm (max)
25 sample trays (max). Common for depth 1.0 mm and 0.5mm
30 trays/set
30 trays/set
With a USA cable(Note) Contact RIKEN KEIKI.
Tube
 O.D.Φ6 mm, I.D.Φ4 mm
 Pressure proof 0.3 MPa or more
Use a teflon tube.

Software for the sample changer
Software for multipoint measurement- 29 -

AC-5

11 List of Product Specifications

11-2. List of configuration

11-2.4. Option (maintenance parts, etc.)
Product name
Detector
Optical fiber(For spot size 2-4 mm)
Optical fiber(For spot size 1-2 mm)
D2 lamp
Xe lamp unit
Activated carbon for ozone filters

Remarks(Note) Contact RIKEN KEIKI.

RIKEN KEIKI Co.,Ltd.
2-7-6 Azusawa,Itabashi-ku,Tokyo,174-8744,Japan
Phone: +81-3-3966-1113
Fax:+81-3-3558-9110 GⅢ
E-mail:intdept@rikenkeiki.co.jp
Web site: http://www.rikenkeiki.co.jp

AC-5- 30 -

- AC-5 Measurement Application
Operating Manual <Contents>

AC-5

1
1-1.
1-2.
1-3.
1-4.
1-5.

Before Using............................................................................................................ 2
Overview ................................................................................................................. 2
Software license terms ............................................................................................ 2
Precautions ............................................................................................................. 3
Definition of DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, and NOTE ..................................... 3
How to use this document ....................................................................................... 3

2

Equipment and System Preparation ........................................................................ 4

3
3-1.
3-2.

Measurement Basic Operation ................................................................................ 8
Setting measurement condition ............................................................................... 8
Measurement .......................................................................................................... 10

4

Shutdown Process................................................................................................... 15

5
5-1.
5-2.
5-3.
5-4.
5-5.
5-6.
5-7.

Screen Configuration ............................................................................................... 16
Guidance screen ..................................................................................................... 16
Main screen ............................................................................................................. 17
Setting of measurement conditions screen.............................................................. 18
Operation screen ..................................................................................................... 20
Sample changer screen........................................................................................... 22
Spot directed on photograph screen ....................................................................... 24
Maintenance screen ................................................................................................ 26

6
6-1.
6-2.
6-3.
6-4.
6-5.
6-6.

Measurement Application Functions ........................................................................ 27
Data structure .......................................................................................................... 27
Initialization of anode voltage and light adjuster ...................................................... 27
Dead time ................................................................................................................ 28
Sample changer ...................................................................................................... 30
Spot directed on photograph ................................................................................... 33
Xe lamp option guidance screen ............................................................................. 36

7
7-1.
7-2.

Sample Stage .......................................................................................................... 37
Type and use method of sample stage ................................................................... 37
Sample stage replacement ...................................................................................... 41-1-

1 Before Using

1-1. Overview

1

Before Using
This chapter describes the information to be known before using this application.

1-1. Overview
Thank you for using our "AC-5 Measurement Application." This document includes the description of how tomeasure using the AC-5. Never fail to read the following "Software License Terms" and "Precautions" to use
this software. Also never fail to read the contents of this document to use this software correctly.

1-2. Software license terms
Only when the following terms are agreed, this software use shall be granted. Also, when this software isstarted to be used, the agreement to the following terms shall be assumed.
1. License
RIKEN KEIKI (hereinafter we) shall grant the non-exclusive license of this software to customers under thecondition specified in this license terms.
2. License range
Customers cannot use, copy, alter, adapt, or reprocess this software in whole or in part or lend or transfer it
to a third party except as allowed in this license terms.
3. CopyrightThe copyright of this software, manuals, and others shall belong to us and any rights shall not be given to
customers except the license of this software granted with this license terms.
4. Contract term
The license of this software shall start at the point when the customer starts using this software.
5. Warranty
We shall not warrant anything about this software such that this software has no defect.
6. Indemnity
We shall not take any responsibility for any reason for customers' lost earnings, losses occurred withexceptional circumstances (including cases where we have foreseen or could have foreseen the loss
occurrence), and direct/indirect losses based on the request for indemnity executed by a third party forcustomers which occurred in association with this software under any circumstances.
7. Contract termination
Customers immediately shall terminate the contract and discard all of this software and its duplicates whencustomers violate any of these license terms.
8. Others
When this software is brought out of Japan, Japanese export control rules shall be complied with.
Regardless of the country where this software is actually used, Japanese laws shall be applied to thiscontract.

AC-5

-2-

1 Before Using

1-3. Precautions

1-3. Precautions
This document is described on the assumption of the following: The AC-5 units and personal computer have been installed and set correctly.
 The AC-5 for Windows has been installed correctly.
 The user understands the Windows operation method.
 The user understands the meanings and relation with the photoemission of the work function,
ionization potential, and state density.
 It is prohibited to reproduce the contents of this document without permission.
 The contents of this document are subject to be changed in the future without prior notice.
 We take all possible measures to ensure the contents of this document; however, if everquestionable or missing descriptions are noticed, please contact RIKEN KEIKI.
 MS, Microsoft, and Windows are registered trademarks or trademarks of the US Microsoft
Corporation in each country. Other company names and product names used in this document areregistered trademarks or trademarks of each company in general.
Please read the AC-5 operating manual and operating manuals for Windows before you read thisdocument.

1-4. Definition of DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, andNOTE
DANGER

This message indicates that improper handling may cause serious damage on
life, health or assets.

WARNING

This message indicates that improper handling may cause serious damage on
health or assets.

CAUTION

This message indicates that improper handling may cause minor damage on
health or assets.

NOTE

This message indicates advice on handling.

1-5. How to use this document
If the user uses the AC-5 for the first time, prepare the supplied sample and tweezers to measure according
to this document. For the setting conditions and others necessary for the measurement, refer to theexample.
If the user has already used it, execute the measurement with reference to NOTE.
Please read this document carefully for correct measurement.

-3-

AC-5

2 Equipment and System Preparation

2

Equipment and System
Preparation
The preparation for measurement with the AC-5 is described.
(1) Turn on the personal computer to start Windows.
(2) Start this application. Select it from the programs of the start menu or double-click on the shortcut icon
created on the desktop.
Shortcut icon
(3) After the splash screen is displayed, the guidance screen is displayed.

(4) Supply the compressed air. If it is supplied with the compressor, turn ON the compressor. If it issupplied from the factory tube, open the supply source.
(5) Check the compressed air supply and click on "Check that the compressed air is supplied" button.
AC-5

-4-

2 Equipment and System Preparation(6) Turn ON (| side) the power switch on the LC front panel.
(7) Warm-up is started with the power-on. (POWER/STANDBY lamp (Green) blinks. It lights up
continuously after the warm-up is completed (after about 30 min.).)(8) Click on "Check that the AC-5 is running" button.
(9) Check that the TROUBLE lamps on the LC and DC front panels finish blinking and click on "Connect"
button.

CAUTION Clicking on Connect button while the TROUBLE lamp is blinking may cause malfunctions of theunits.
 If the consumables replacement message is displayed, replace the consumables according to"Consumables Replacement Method."

NOTE
When the TROUBLE lamp lights up, any trouble has occurred. Click on "Connect" button, record thedisplayed error number, turn off the unit power, and contact RIKEN KEIKI to inform of the error number.
When the connection is succeeded, the screen below is displayed.

(10) Click on "Preparation" button.
"Preparation" is started after the main unit warm-up is completed. "Preparation" means the light adjuster
initialization and detector voltage setting. The current status is displayed in the status window.

-5-

AC-5

2 Equipment and System Preparation

CAUTION
If an error is found with the unit self-diagnostic, an error message is displayed. Also, the TROUBLE
lamps (Red) of the units light up.
 For the compressed air (for the error string 3/2/30/31)

Error string
Check the compressed air supply and click on "OK." For other errors
Contact RIKEN KEIKI to inform the error string.

NOTE
Check the "Automatic adjustment of UV intensity" checkbox, input the specified UV intensity in the text
box, and then click on "Preparation" for automatic UV intensity setting and UV intensity correction
coefficient measurement after units preparation completion.
* Measure the UV intensity correction coefficient for 3.4 to 6.2 eV by 0.05 eV step.

CAUTION
Depending on the specifications of the OS, executing process by this application or otherapplications during connection or measurement may disable the connection with the main unit. Do
not operate other processes with the computer while the process which communicates with themain unit such as connection and measurement is being executed with it.

AC-5

-6-

2 Equipment and System Preparation(11) After "Preparation" is completed, the main screen is displayed.

-7-

AC-5

3 Measurement Basic Operation

3-1. Setting measurement condition

3

Measurement BasicOperation
This chapter describes basic operations along the measurement procedure.

3-1. Setting measurement condition
Click on the "Measurement" button to display the setting of measurement conditions screen.

AC-5

-8-

3 Measurement Basic Operation

3-1. Setting measurement condition

Set the measurement condition.
If the measurement condition saved in the past is to be used, select it from the list, and then go to 3-2.
Example of the list

UV intensity, start energy, finish energy, step, and acquisition time

NOTE
The adequate UV intensity depends on the sample. Uncheck the checkbox for "Incident UV spectrum"described later to execute a preliminary measurement to obtain an appropriate slope.
(1) Enter the UV intensity. Enter the value between the available UV intensity (minimum) and UV intensity(maximum). Example) 10

NOTE
If the preliminary measurement is to be executed, have the step interval wider for short timemeasurement.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Select the step. Example) Select 0.10 from the list box.
Enter the measurement start energy. Example) Open the list box for start energy, and select 4.20 eV.
Enter the measurement finish energy. Example) Open the list box for finish energy, and select 6.20 eV.
Set the acquisition time. Example) 5Enter the power. The power is the exponential of the vertical axis when the data is displayed in a graph.
Enter the number with a decimal point less than 1. Example) 0.5(7) Click on "Save" button to record the measurement condition. (Up to 5 conditions)(8) If the UV intensity correction is to be executed, check the checkbox for "Incident UV intensity". If the UV
intensity correction is to be executed later, uncheck the checkbox for "Incident UV intensity".

[When the UV intensity correction coefficient measured in the past is to be used]
Click on "Browse" to specify the file.

-9-

AC-5

3 Measurement Basic Operation

3-2. Measurement[When it is to be measured newly]
Click on "New".
* The button is displayed on the UV intensity correction coefficient measurement screen. When themeasurement is completed, a box to indicate the completion is opened, and OK button is clicked, the settingof measurement conditions screen returns.

NOTE
If the specified UV intensity is close to the available minimum UV intensity or maximum UV intensity, thesetting within ±5% of the set value may be unavailable.

3-2. Measurement
This section describes the example of "Normal" (one point measurement). See Chapter 6 for the sample
changer and spot directed on photograph.

CAUTION
Depending on the specifications of the OS, executing process by this application or otherapplications during measurement may disable the connection with the main unit. Do not operate
other processes with the computer while the process which communicates with the main unit isbeing executed with it.

CAUTION
If the UV intensity is different, or if the measurement range (start, finish, and step) is not supported,the measurement is unavailable. Also, if it is not the measured value of the same day, a warning
message is displayed.

(1) Select "Normal" from the list box of the operating mode, and click on "Go on to the next step" button.
The operation screen (Normal) is displayed.

AC-5- 10 -

3 Measurement Basic Operation

3-2. Measurement(2) Click on "Move sample stage" button.
(3) The message box is displayed to confirm the sample stage movement. Click on "OK" button.

(4) The stage moves to the sample replacement location, and the sample door cover opens. Check that
the OPEN lamp blinks.

OPEN LAMP(5) Install and fix the sample. Example) Fix it at the location of 2C with a carbon tape.

WARNING
Use an appropriate sample stage according to the sample thickness. Measuring the sample whichis thicker than the specified thickness for each sample stage may damage the units.

NOTE
There are various types of sample stages other than the standard. Select the type of sample stages
according to the sample form. See Chapter 7 for the sample stage type, use method, and replacement
method.

- 11 -

AC-5

3 Measurement Basic Operation

3-2. Measurement(6) As shown in the picture, close the sample door cover pushing the center foreground of it.

(7) Check that the OPEN lamp is off, and click on the OK button on the screen.

NOTE
The button is unavailable while the sample stage is moving. Wait for a while until the moving is finished.
(8) Click on "Browse" button to create or specify a saving folder.

NOTE
With "Create a folder" from right-click, a new saving folder can be created.
(9) Enter a sample name.
(10) Enter the number of repetitive times.
(11) Specify the location of measurement. Example) 2C

AC-5- 12 -

3 Measurement Basic Operation

3-2. Measurement(12) Click on "Measurement" to start the measurement.
After the background is measured, a graph is displayed, and the counted value for each energy is plottedsequentially. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the incident UV energy with eV unit. The verticalaxis represents the power of the photoelectron yield. The upper limit of the vertical axis automatically
becomes approx. 4000^n. This n is the power. For n = 0.5, the value becomes approx. 65.

NOTE
Use "Cancel" to stop the measurement.

CAUTION
Depending on the specifications of the OS, executing process by this application or otherapplications during measurement may disable the connection with the main unit. Do not operate
other processes with the computer while the process which communicates with the main unit isbeing executed with it.

- 13 -

AC-5

3 Measurement Basic Operation

3-2. Measurement(13) When the measurement is finished, a message box to inform the finish is opened. Click on the OK
button.

(14) If the UV intensity is insufficient or the measurement energy range is inappropriate, adjust them andre-execute the measurement.

Measurement example for energy range defectMeasurement example for Step 0.05 eV(15) Take out the sample with "Operation screen".

AC-5- 14 -

4 Shutdown Process

4

Shutdown Process(1) Click on "Finish" on the main screen to exit the application.
(2) Switch from ON (| side) to OFF (O side) the power switch on the front panel and turn OFF the breakeron the rear panel.
(3) Stop the supply of compressed air.

- 15 -

AC-5

5 Screen Configuration

5-1. Guidance screen

5

Screen Configuration
The screen configuration is described.

5-1. Guidance screen
(8)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(9)

Power on the Xe lamp and click on the button.

(4)

(6)

(5)
Remaining warm-up completion time

(7)

(10)
(11)
(1) "Check compressed air supplied" button(2) "Check that AC-5 is running" button(3) "Connect" button(4) "Preparation" button(5) "Automatic adjustment of UV intensity"
checkbox(6) "UV intensity" text box(7) "Remaining warm-up completion time"
displayAC-5- 16 -(8) "Finish" display(9) "Xe lamp power supply" button (Only Xe)(10) Status window(11) Progress bar

5 Screen Configuration

5-2. Main screen

5-2. Main screen
(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
(7)
(6)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

"Measurement" button"Maintenance" button"Finish" button
Graph area
Status window
Progress bar
Coordinate display

Interruption message (Only the sample changer and spot specification)- 17 -

AC-5

5 Screen Configuration

5-3. Setting of measurement conditions screen

5-3. Setting of measurement conditions screen

(1)

(2)

(3)

(9)
(10)

(4)

(11)

(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(12)

(14)

(15)

(13)
(16)
(17)

(1) "Measurement conditions" drop-down list(2) "Save" button(3) "UV intensity" text box(4) "Step" drop-down list(5) "Start energy" drop-down list
(6) "Finish energy" drop-down list
(7) "Acquisition time" text box(8) "Power" text box(9) "Current UV intensity" text box(10) "Available UV intensity (minimum)" text box(11) "Available UV intensity (maximum)" text box(12) "Incident UV spectrum" checkbox(13) "Light intensity correction file name" text box(14) "Browse" button(15) "New" button(16) "Operating mode" drop-down list
(17) "Go on to the next step" button(18) "Close" button

AC-5- 18 -(18)

5 Screen Configuration

5-3. Setting of measurement conditions screen

File selection dialog- 19 -

AC-5

5 Screen Configuration

5-4. Operation screen

5-4. Operation screen

(1)

(4)
(3)

(2)
(6)

(8)

(7)

(7)

(9)

(10)

(13)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)

AC-5

(5)

"Move sample stage" button"Data storage destination" text box"Browse" button"Measurement" button"Close" button"Sample name" text box"Number of repetitive times" text box"Spot" text box"Another condition" drop-down list
"Incident UV spectrum" checkbox"r" text box"θ" text box"Stage"- 20 -(11)(12)

5 Screen Configuration

5-4. Operation screen

File Selection Dialog
Example of Parameters Display

Example of Spot Display

Color Coding Table
Measurement status

Mark color

Before measurement
During measurement
After measurement

Blue
Red
Pink

- 21 -

AC-5

5 Screen Configuration

5-5. Sample changer screen

5-5. Sample changer screen

(1)

(4)

(5)

(3)

(2)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(1) "Move sample stage" button(2) "Data storage destination" text box(3) "Browse" button(4) "Measurement" button(5) "Close" button(6) "Number of samples" drop-down list(7) Index(8) "Sample name" text box(9) "Number of repetitive times" text box(10) "Another condition" drop-down list
(11) "Incident UV spectrum" checkbox(12) "r" text box(13) "θ" text box

File Selection Dialog

AC-5- 22 -

(11)

(12)

(13)

5 Screen Configuration

5-5. Sample changer screen

Example of Parameters Display- 23 -

AC-5

5 Screen Configuration

5-6. Spot directed on photograph screen

5-6. Spot directed on photograph screen
(1)

(4)

(2)

(7)

(6)

(8)

(9) (10)

(11)

(16)

(15)

(1) "Move sample stage" button(2) "Data storage destination" text box(3) "Browse" button(4) "Measurement" button(5) "Close" button(6) "Sample name" text box(7) "Photo" button(8) index(9) "Spot" text box(10) "Number of repetitive times" text box(11) "Another condition" drop-down list(12) "Incident UV spectrum" checkbox(13) "r" text box(14) "θ" text box(15) "Stage"(16) "Display spot" checkbox

AC-5

(5)

(3)

- 24 -

(12)

(13)

(14)

5 Screen Configuration

5-6. Spot directed on photograph screen

File Selection Dialog
Example of Parameters Display

When the location of measurement is specified, thedisplay changes depending on the selection status(Example before measurement)

Example of Spot Display

Color Coding Table
Measurement status

Mark color

Before measurement
During measurement
After measurement

Blue
Red
Pink

- 25 -

AC-5

5 Screen Configuration

5-7. Maintenance screen

5-7. Maintenance screen

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

"Initialization of light adjuster" button"Dead time" button"Setting anode voltage" button"Close" button
Status window
Progress bar

Screen during Process(7)(7) "Cancel" button

AC-5- 26 -

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-1. Data structure

6

Measurement Application
FunctionsThis chapter describes functions not described in previous chapters.

6-1. Data structure
The folder structure with the root of My Document¥AC-5 is used. Also, the data structure is as follows:
AC-5 Data Structure
Type
Measurement data file (*.dat)
Multidata file (*.mdat)

Differential result file (*.ddat)
Light intensity correction coefficient file(*.ldat)

Description
Measurement results are stored.
An average obtained from repeated measurement results isstored.
* It is generated for the following two cases: The measurement is executed with the setting of twice ormore of repetitive times with the measurement application.
 "Average" is executed while multiple measurement results
are displayed with the analysis application.
Density of states obtained from measurement results is stored.
* It is generated when "State density" is executed while themultidata file is open with the analysis application.
The UV intensity correction coefficient is stored.

* The measurement data file (*.dat), multidata file (*.mdat), and differential result file (*.ddat) are saved in
the arbitrary folder under My Document¥AC-5¥Data, and UV intensity correction coefficient file (*.ldat) is
saved in My Document¥AC-5¥UV folder.
When the measurement is executed with the setting of twice or more of number of repetitive times, a folder
with the sample name is created and measurement data files (*.dat) and multidata file (*.mdat) which stores
the average obtained from the measured data are saved in the folder.

6-2. Initialization of anode voltage and light adjuster
If the measurement is continued for 24 hours or more or with temperature or atmosphere change, reset theanode voltage and initialize the light adjuster.
Executing "Setting anode voltage" on the maintenance screen resets the anode voltage automatically.
Executing "Initialization of light adjuster" on the maintenance screen initializes the light adjuster
automatically.

- 27 -

AC-5

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-3. Dead time

6-3. Dead time
Executing "Dead time" on the maintenance screen readjusts the dead time.
(1) The message box is displayed to confirm the sample stage transfer. Click on "OK" button.

(2) The stage moves to the sample replacement location, and the sample door cover opens. Check that
the OPEN lamp blinks in red.

WARNING
If the OPEN lamp does not blink in red, the interlock may be broken. In this case, even if the sample
door cover is open, the stage may move.
(3) Install the sample stage for the standard thickness of 1 mm, and install the supplied sample on "2C".

(4) As shown in the picture, close the sample door cover pushing the center foreground of it.

(5) Check that the OPEN lamp is off, and click on the OK button on the screen.

AC-5- 28 -

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-3. Dead time(6) The dead time is remeasured and readjusted.

NOTE
The dead time remeasurement takes about a half an hour.

NOTE
To stop the process, use the Cancel button.

- 29 -

AC-5

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-4. Sample changer

6-4. Sample changer(1) The measurement condition setting method is as described in Chapter 3. Selecting "Sample changer"
with the operating mode selection enables the measurement with the sample changer.

(2) Click on "Move sample stage" button.
(3) The message box is displayed to confirm the sample stage movement. Click on Yes (Y).
(4) Check that the stage operation sound has disappeared.

WARNING
If the OPEN lamp does not blink, the interlock may be broken. In this case, even if the sample door
cover is open, the stage may move.
(5) The sample door cover opens. Check that the OPEN lamp blinks.
(6) Install and fix the sample.
For the sample stage replacement and installation of samples to the sample stage, see Chapter 7.
[Plate sample]

AC-5- 30 -

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-4. Sample changer[Powder sample](7) Close the sample door cover, press around the description of Push, and when you hear a clicking noise,take your hand off the cover.
(8) Check that the sample door is closed, and click on the OK button on the screen.
(9) Click on "Browse" button to specify a saving folder.

(10) Select the number of samples installed.
(11) Enter sample names and number of repetitive times. The measurement is executed under the condition
set on the setting of measurement condition screen; however, selection of another saved measurement
condition for each sample is available. In that case, specify the measurement condition with "Anothercondition". Also, specification of UV intensity correction availability for each sample is available with thecheckbox for "Incident UV spectrum".

(12) Click on "Measurement" to start the measurement.
After the background is measured, a graph is displayed, and the counted value for each energy isplotted sequentially. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the incident UV energy with eV unit.
The vertical axis represents the power of the photoelectron yield. The upper limit of the vertical axis
automatically becomes approx. 4000^n. This n is the power. For n = 0.5, the value becomes approx.
65.

- 31 -

AC-5

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-4. Sample changer

NOTE
Use the button to stop the measurement.
Specify the interruption method and click on "OK".

CAUTION
Depending on the specifications of the OS, executing process by this application or otherapplications during measurement may disable the connection with the units. Do not operate otherprocesses with the computer while the process which communicates with the units is being
executed with it.

(13) When the measurement is finished, a message box to inform the finish is opened. Click on the OK
button.

(14) Take out the sample with "Operation screen."AC-5- 32 -

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-5. Spot directed on photograph

6-5. Spot directed on photograph(1) The measurement condition setting method is as described in Chapter 3. Selecting "Spot directed on
photograph" with the operating mode selection enables the measurement with the spot specification
function.

Before spot selected

After spot selected(2) Click on "Move sample stage" button.
(3) The message box is displayed to confirm the sample stage movement. Click on Yes (Y).
(4) Check that the stage operation sound has disappeared.

WARNING
If the OPEN lamp does not blink, the interlock may be broken. In this case, even if the sample door
cover is open, the stage may move.
(5) The sample door cover opens. Check that the OPEN lamp blinks.
(6) Install and fix the sample.
(7) Close the sample door cover, press around the description of Push, and when you hear a clicking noise,take your hand off the cover.
(8) Check that the sample door is closed, and click on the OK button on the screen.
(9) Click on "Browse" button to specify a saving folder.

(10) Select the sample name.
(11) Click on "Photo" to obtain the sample image.
(12) Enter spot names and numbers of repetitive times. The measurement is executed under the condition- 33 -

AC-5

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-5. Spot directed on photographset on the setting of measurement conditions screen; however, selection of another saved
measurement condition for each spot is available. In that case, specify the measurement condition with
"Another condition". Also, specification of UV intensity correction availability for each spot is available
with the checkbox for "Incident UV spectrum".

(13) Click on "Measurement" to start the measurement.
After the background is measured, a graph is displayed, and the counted value for each energy isplotted sequentially. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the incident UV energy with eV unit.
The vertical axis represents the power of the photoelectron yield. The upper limit of the vertical axis
automatically becomes approx. 4000^n. This n is the power. For n = 0.5, the value becomes approx.
65.

AC-5

- 34 -

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-5. Spot directed on photograph

NOTE
Use the button to stop the measurement.
Specify the interruption method and click on "OK".

CAUTION
Depending on the specifications of the OS, executing process by this application or otherapplications during measurement may disable the connection with the main unit. Do not operate
other processes with the computer while the process which communicates with the main unit isbeing executed with it.

(13) When the measurement is finished, a message box to inform the finish is opened. Click on the OK
button.

(14) Take out the sample with "Operation screen."- 35 -

AC-5

6 Measurement Application Functions

6-6. Xe lamp option guidance screen

6-6. Xe lamp option guidance screen(1) Unlike the guidance screen of the application with the D2 lamp, the Xe lamp power button is displayedon the guidance screen of the application with the Xe lamp option.
For D2For XeFor the device with Xe lamp option, after connection is established, power on the Xe lamp, click on "Xe lamp
power" button, and then click on "Preparation".

AC-5- 36 -

7 Sample Stage

7-1. Type and use method of sample stage

7

Sample Stage
This chapter describes the sample stage.

7-1. Type and use method of sample stage
The types of sample stages are as follows:
1. Standard sample stage
This type is used to measure plate type samples with the size of 195 mm x 195 mm or less andthickness of 1 mm±0.2 mm.
The thickness (1 mm) of samples isimpressed on the side.

How to use
Place the sample on the arbitrary location and fix it with conductive tape such as carbon tape.
2. Dedicated sample stage (option)
This type is used to measure plate type samples with the size of 195 mm x 195 mm or less. The
thickness is custom-made; therefore, each one has different thickness. (The thickness is described on
the side.)Side surface for sample thickness 2 mm

Side surface for sample thickness 10 mm- 37 -

AC-5

7 Sample Stage

7-1. Type and use method of sample stage

How to use
Place the sample on the arbitrary location and fix it with conductive tape such as carbon tape.
3. Sample changer (for plate-type) sample stage (option)

How to use(1) Loosen the cover fixing screws (four) with a Phillips screwdriver.

(2) Remove the cover from the base.

Base

AC-5

Cover

- 38 -

7 Sample Stage

7-1. Type and use method of sample stage(3) Place samples to cover the circle in the center of the sample stage of the base. Be careful for samples
not to be placed outside the guide.

NOTE
Place samples in the order of the number on the Index
correspondence table below.
Measurement is executed in the order of the Index number.

Index Correspondence Table(4) Install the cover to the base and tighten the fixing screws (four screws).

WARNING
Install the cover correctly. If the measurement is executed while the cover is installed at an angle or
the head of cover fixing screws is higher than the measurement surface, the unit may be damaged.

4. Sample changer (for powder-type) sample stage (option)- 39 -

AC-5

7 Sample Stage

7-1. Type and use method of sample stage

5. Powder sample tray

How to use(1) Place the powder to cover all the bottom of the powder sample tray.

NOTE
Place samples in the order of the number on the Index
correspondence table below.
Measurement is executed in the order of the Index number.

Index Correspondence Table(2) Install the powder sample tray to the sample changer (for powder) sample stage.

NOTE
If the sample size is 10 x 10 mm or more and 30 x 30 mm or less and the thickness is 0.2 mm or more and2.0 mm or less, the sample stage for the changer cannot be used.

WARNING
Use an appropriate sample stage according to the sample thickness. Measuring the sample whichis thicker than the specified thickness for each sample stage may damage the units.

AC-5- 40 -

7 Sample StageNo.
1

Product nameStandard sample stage

2

Dedicated sample stage3

Sample changer(For plate sample) sample table

4

Sample changer(For powder sample) sample stage

5
6

Powder sample tray (depth 1.0mm)
Powder sample tray (depth 0.5 mm)

7-2. Sample stage replacement
Remarks
Sample planar shape: 195 x 195 mm or less
Sample thickness: 1.0 mm(Option)Sample planar shape: 195 x 195 mm or lessSpecify the sample thickness within the range of
2.0 mm to 10.0 mm by 1.0 mm.
(Option)
25 sample sheets (max). Shape 10 x 10mm(min), 30 x 30 mm (max), thickness 0.2 mm (min)2.0 mm (max)(Option)
25 sample trays (max). Common for depth 1.0
mm and 0.5 mm(Option) 30 trays/set(Option) 30 trays/set

7-2. Sample stage replacement
The replacement method is as follows:(1) See Chapter 3 to open the operation screen.

(2) Click on "Move sample stage" button.
(3) The message box is displayed to confirm the sample stage movement. Click on "OK" button.

- 41 -

AC-5

7 Sample Stage

7-2. Sample stage replacement(4) The stage moves to the sample replacement location, and the sample door cover opens. Check that theOPEN lamp blinks in red.

OPEN LAMP
Knob(5) Pull and turn the knob 45 degrees. It is fixed in a pulled status. Fix both two knobs in a pulled status.

Pull the knob.

Turn it in a pulled status.

(6) Raise the handle a little and pull it on an angle to remove the sample stage.

RemovalRemoved status

(7) Install the sample stage to be replaced in the reverse order of (1) to (6).

AC-5- 42 -

- AC-5 Analysis Application Operating
Manual <Contents>

AC-5

1
1-1.
1-2.
1-3.

Before Using............................................................................................................ 2
Overview ................................................................................................................. 2
Software license terms ............................................................................................ 2
Precautions ............................................................................................................. 3

2
2-1.
2-2.
2-3.
2-4.
2-5.

File Basic Operation ................................................................................................ 4
Application preparation ............................................................................................ 4
Graph display .......................................................................................................... 5
Setting axes ............................................................................................................. 7
Comparing data ....................................................................................................... 8
Combination with other applications ........................................................................ 9

3
3-1.
3-2.
3-3.
3-4.

Analysis Basic Operation......................................................................................... 11
Light intensity correction .......................................................................................... 11
Obtaining average ................................................................................................... 12
Obtaining photoemission threshold ......................................................................... 13
Estimating state density........................................................................................... 15

4
4-1.
4-2.
4-3.
4-4.
4-5.
4-6.
4-7.
4-8.

Screen Configuration ............................................................................................... 16
Basic screen ............................................................................................................ 16
Menu bar ................................................................................................................. 17
Status bar ................................................................................................................ 18
Data manager .......................................................................................................... 18
Graph form .............................................................................................................. 20
Zoom window .......................................................................................................... 23
Customize window .................................................................................................. 23
Search window ........................................................................................................ 24

5
5-1.
5-2.
5-3.
5-4.

Other Functions ....................................................................................................... 25
Data manager .......................................................................................................... 25
Search ..................................................................................................................... 26
Visual settings ......................................................................................................... 27
Changing sample name........................................................................................... 29-1-

1 Before Using

1-1. Overview

1

Before Using
This chapter describes the information to be known before using this application.

1-1. Overview
Thank you for using our "AC-5 Analysis Application." This document describes the methods to obtain thephotoemission threshold values and to quote the state density from AC-5 measurement results. Never fail toread the following "Software License Terms" and "Precautions" to use this software. Also never fail to readthe contents of this document to use this software correctly.

1-2. Software license terms
Only when the following terms are agreed, this software use shall be granted. Also, when this software isstarted to be used, the agreement to the following terms shall be assumed.
1. License
RIKEN KEIKI (hereinafter we) shall grant the non-exclusive license of this software to customers under thecondition specified in this license terms.
2. License range
Customers cannot use, copy, alter, adapt, or reprocess this software in whole or in part or lend or transfer it
to a third party except as allowed in this license terms.
3. CopyrightThe copyright of this software, manuals, and others shall belong to us and any rights shall not be given to
customers except the license of this software granted with this license terms.
4. Contract term
The license of this software shall start at the point when the customer starts using this software.
5. Warranty
We shall not warrant anything about this software such that this software has no defect.
6. Indemnity
We shall not take any responsibility for any reason for customers' lost earnings, losses occurred withexceptional circumstances (including cases where we have foreseen or could have foreseen the loss
occurrence), and direct/indirect losses based on the request for indemnity executed by a third party forcustomers which occurred in association with this software under any circumstances.
7. Contract termination
Customers immediately shall terminate the contract and discard all of this software and its duplicates whencustomers violate any of these license terms.
8. Others
When this software is brought out of Japan, Japanese export control rules shall be complied with.
Regardless of the country where this software is actually used, Japanese laws shall be applied to thiscontract.

AC-5

-2-

1 Before Using

1-3. Precautions

1-3. Precautions
This document is described on the assumption of the following: The AC-5 units and personal computer have been installed and set correctly.
 The AC-5 for Windows has been installed correctly.
 The user understands the Windows operation method.
 The user understands the meanings and relation with the photoemission of the work function,
ionization potential, and state density.
 It is prohibited to reproduce the contents of this document without permission.
 The contents of this document are subject to be changed in the future without prior notice.
 We take all possible measures to ensure the contents of this document; however, if everquestionable or missing descriptions are noticed, please contact RIKEN KEIKI.
 MS, Microsoft, and Windows are registered trademarks or trademarks of the US Microsoft
Corporation in each country. Other company names and product names used in this document areregistered trademarks or trademarks of each company in general.
Please read the AC-5 operating manual and operating manuals for Windows before you read thisdocument.

-3-

AC-5

2 File Basic Operation

2-1. Application preparation

2

File Basic Operation
This chapter describes basic operations along the procedure.

2-1. Application preparation(1) Start the application. Select it from the programs of the start menu or double-click on the shortcut icon
created on the desktop.
(2) After the splash screen is displayed, the data manager screen is displayed.

Figure 2-1.1 Screen on Start-up
The AC-5 analysis application can handle the following files in a folder under My Document¥AC-5.

AC-5

-4-

2 File Basic Operation

Type
Measurement data file (*.dat)
Multidata file (*.mdat)

Differential result file (*.ddat)
Light intensity correction coefficient
file (*.ldat)

2-2. Graph display
Table 2-1.1 AC-5 File Group
Description
Measurement results are stored.
An average obtained from repeated measurement results isstored.
* It is generated for the following two cases: The measurement is executed with the setting of twice ormore of repetitive times with the measurement application.
 "Average" is executed while multiple measurement results
are displayed with the analysis application.
Density of states obtained from measurement results is stored.
* It is generated when "State density" is executed while themultidata file is open with the analysis application.
The UV intensity correction coefficient is stored.

CAUTION

 Save the measurement data file (*.dat), multidata file (*.mdat), and differential result file (*.ddat)
are saved in the arbitrary folder under My Document¥AC-5¥Data, and UV intensity correction
coefficient file (*.ldat) in My Document¥AC-5¥UV folder.
 Files other than the files described in Table 2-1.1 will not be displayed even when they exist.
Also, if the file formats have any error, those files will not be displayed.
 Sample images taken with the "Spot directed on photograph" option will not be displayed with theAC-5 analysis application.

NOTE
Regular backups are recommended.
See Chapters 4 and 5 for details of the data manager.

2-2. Graph display
Select the data to be displayed with the data manager. Right-click on the data to display the pop-up menu
and click on "Open" or click on "Open" on "File (F)" menu.

Figure 2-2.1 Graph Display Example (Left: Measurement data file or multidata file, Right: Differential result
file)

-5-

AC-5

2 File Basic Operation

2-2. Graph display

Figure 2-2.2 Graph Display Example (Light Intensity Correction Coefficient File)
For multidata files, right-clicking on the graph to open the pop-up menu and selecting "Display details"
display data items used for average calculation.

Figure 2-2.3 Graph Display Example (Multidata File Details Display)

AC-5

-6-

2 File Basic Operation

2-3. Setting axes

2-3. Setting axes
(1) Right-click on the graph to open the pop-up menu and select "Zoom".

(5) Power(4) Y-axis maximum(3) Y-axis minimum(2) X-axis maximum(1) X-axis minimum

Figure 2-3.1 Zoom screen
Enter the X-axis minimum, X-axis maximum, Y-axis minimum, and Y-axis maximum and click on "OK"button. For the measurement data and multidata, the power can be changed.

NOTE
The power depends on the material. Confirm it with articles or others.
In generally, it is said that 0.5 power is used when the sample is metal and 0.3 power (1/3 power) is used
when it is a semiconductor. For organic substances, it can be said that the 0.5 power is often used.
(2) Right-clicking on the graph to open the pop-up menu and selecting "Set initial value" resets the drawing
range back to the setting on the measurement.
To save the axis setting, right-click on the graph to open the pop-up menu and select "Save".

-7-

AC-5

2 File Basic Operation

2-4. Comparing data

2-4. Comparing data
Up to ten data items of the same file type can be graphed simultaneously for comparison.
(1) With the data manager, hold down the Ctrl key and then click on multiple data items for selection.
(2) Right-click on them to open the pop-up menu and select "Open".
(3) The multigraph form is displayed.

Figure 2-4.1 Multigraph Form
Right-click on the graph to open the pop-up menu, and select "Superpose data" to lay another data item
over. Also, right-click on the graph to open the pop-up menu and select "Exclude" to close only the selected
data item.

CAUTION
Up to ten data items can be laid over.

AC-5

-8-

2 File Basic Operation

2-5. Combination with other applications

With the drop-down list, the selected data can be switched.

Figure 2-4.2 Data Switching with Drop-down List
Left: File 2 is selected (red plots). Right: File 2 is selected (blue plots).

2-5. Combination with other applications
Right-clicking on the graph to open the pop-up menu and selecting "Copy graph" copies the graph onto the
clipboard.

Figure 2-5.1 Example of Graph Copy
Right-clicking on the graph to open the pop-up menu and selecting "Copy data" copies the numerical data
onto the clipboard.
Energy(eV),Yield^0.5
4.20,2.18↓ (Numerical data of the graph)
6.20,55.62

-9-

AC-5

2 File Basic Operation

2-5. Combination with other applications

When multiple data items are graphed, the data copy is as follows:
Energy(eV),Yield^0.5
4.20,2.18↓ (First numerical data item of the graph)
6.20,55.62(Line feed)
Energy(eV),Yield^0.5
4.20,1.54↓ (Second numerical data item of the graph)
6.20,56.68
Right-clicking on the graph to open the pop-up menu and selecting "Copy parameter" copies the numerical
data item and parameters onto the clipboard. For example, the measured data is described as follows:
Sample name,NewSample1
Measured,2010/04/25 11:15:58
UV intensity,10.1
Light intensity correction coefficient,10nW
100425143730.ldat
Acquisition time,2
HV,2620
Dead time,0.003800
Start energy,4.20
Finish energy,6.20
Step,0.1
Threshold,Slope,
Power,0.5(Line feed)
Energy(eV),Yield^0.5
4.20,2.18↓ (Numerical data of the graph)
6.20,55.62

AC-5- 10 -

3 Analysis Basic Operation

3-1. Light intensity correction

3

Analysis Basic Operation
This chapter describes basic operations along the analysis procedure.

3-1. Light intensity correction
The UV intensity correction of measurement data can be changed/deleted.
Right-click on the graph to open the pop-up menu and select "Light intensity correction" → "Change" or"Light intensity correction" → "Delete".

CAUTION
Changeable conditions are as follows: Same UV intensity
 All energy values of the measurement data are included.
 Same measurement date

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AC-5

3 Analysis Basic Operation

3-2. Obtaining average

3-2. Obtaining average
While multiple measurement data items are opened with the method described in Chapter2, right-click on
the graph to open the pop-up menu and select "Obtain average".
The multidata file is created and displayed in another window.

Figure 3-2.1 Multidata File Creation

AC-5- 12 -

3 Analysis Basic Operation

3-3. Obtaining photoemission threshold3-3. Obtaining photoemission threshold(1) Open one measurement data item. Or, open the multidata item and display the average.
(2) Adjust the graph display status with the method described in Chapter 2.
(3) Judge the flat part of the graph and select the range with the click and drag function. Right-click on thegraph to open the pop-up menu and select "Background".

Figure 3-3.1 Background Straight Line
Holding down the Ctrl key and clicking on the range adds/deletes it.

Figure 3-3.2 Background Straight Line (Example of exclusion)- 13 -

AC-5

3 Analysis Basic Operation

3-3. Obtaining photoemission threshold(4) Judge the regression line range and select it with the click and drag function. Right-click on the graph toopen the pop-up menu and select "Regression line".

Figure 3-3.3 Regression Line
Holding down the Ctrl key and clicking on the range adds/deletes it.

Figure 3-3.4 Regression Line (Example of exclusion)(5) The threshold value and slope are displayed.
To save the threshold value and slope, right-click on the graph to open the pop-up menu and select "Save".

AC-5- 14 -

3 Analysis Basic Operation

3-4. Estimating state density

3-4. Estimating state density(1) Open the multidata item and display the average.
(2) Right-click on the graph to open the pop-up menu and select "State density".
(3) The differential result file is created and the estimated state density is displayed in another window.

Figure 3-4.1 Differential Result File Creation- 15 -

AC-5

4 Screen Configuration

4-1. Basic screen

4

Screen Configuration
The screen configuration is described.

4-1. Basic screen
Menu bar (See P. 15.)
Data manager (See P. 17.)Graph form (See P. 18.)

Status bar (See P. 18.)

AC-5

- 16 -

4 Screen Configuration

4-2. Menu bar

4-2. Menu bar"File" menu
CommandOpen

New Folder
DeleteRenameClose

Description
Opens the selected file. Or, opens the selected folder.
Multiple files can be selected and opened; however, if different file types are
selected, an error message will be displayed.
Up to 10 files can be opened simultaneously.
* This command is displayed only when the data manager is active.
Displays the name entry dialog for the folder to be created. A new folder iscreated with the entered folder name.
* This command is displayed only when the data manager is active.
Moves the selected file (folder) to the AC-4 recycle bin folder.
* This command is displayed only when the data manager is active.
Changes the selected file (folder) name.
* This command is displayed only when the data manager is active.
Ends the application.

Folder Name Entry Dialog"Edit" menu (* Displayed only when the data manager is active)
Command
Description
Copy
Specifies the selected file (folder) as the copy source.
Cut
Specifies the selected file (folder) as the cut source.
Paste
Duplicates or moves the specified file (folder).
SearchDisplays the search screen (4-8).
Only when the Query folder is selected and clicked, the search screen withentry of the last search condition is opened.
"View" menu
Command
Status Bar
RefreshGraph Setting

Description
Switches display/hide of the status bar.
Renews the current folder information.
Displays the customize screen.

"Window" menu
Command
Cascade View
Horizontally Tile
Vertically Tile
All Close
Data Manager
Window list

Description
Displays the displayed windows overlapping.
Displays the displayed windows next to each other horizontally.
Displays the displayed windows next to each other vertically.
Closes all child windows.
Displays the data manager screen in the foreground.
Displays the opened windows list. The foreground window can be switched.

"Help" menu
Command
About AC-5 Windows...

Description
Displays the version information screen.

- 17 -

AC-5

4 Screen Configuration

4-3. Status bar

Version Information screen

4-3. Status bar

(2)

(1)
(1) The foreground window is displayed.
(2) When a graph is displayed, the coordinate of the cursor location is displayed.

4-4. Data manager
The data manager is a window to control data items.

(1)
(2)

(3)

(1) Tree view
The AC-5 application hierarchy structure (folders and files) is displayed in a tree view.
 The root folder is My Document¥AC-5.
 Icon types differ by folder types.

AC-5- 18 -

4 Screen Configuration

4-4. Data manager

Tree View Right-click Menu
Command
Description
Open
Same as "Open (O)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
Copy
Same as "Copy (C)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"
Cut
Same as "Cut (C)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"
Paste
Same as "Paste (P)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"
SearchSame as "Search (S)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"New Folder
Same as "Create folder (F)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
DeleteSame as "Delete (D)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
RenameSame as "Change name (M)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
Close
Same as "Close (C)" of the menu bar "File (F)"(2) List view
The contents of the folder selected with the tree view are displayed.
 Icon types differ by file (folder) types.
 Clicking on the column header executes sorting. Every click switches ascending/descending.
List View Right-click Menu
Command
Description
Open
Same as "Open (O)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
Copy
Same as "Copy (C)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"
Cut
Same as "Cut (C)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"
Paste
Same as "Paste (P)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"
SearchSame as "Search (S)" of the menu bar "Edit (E)"New Folder
Same as "Create folder (F)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
DeleteSame as "Delete (D)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
RenameSame as "Change name (M)" of the menu bar "File (F)"
Close
Same as "Close (C)" of the menu bar "File (F)"(3) File information
The information of the file selected with the list view pane is displayed.

- 19 -

AC-5

4 Screen Configuration

4-5. Graph form

4-5. Graph form
(1)

(2)

(3)

(1) "File name" drop-down list
Lists the displayed data items.
(2) File information
Displays the same contents of the file information of the data manager.
(3) Graph plot section
Displays the graph. On the measurement data and multidata, the click & drag function enables area
selection.

AC-5- 20 -

4 Screen Configuration

4-5. Graph form

Multidata file (multiple)

Differential result file (single)

Differential result file (multiple)











Regression line











Data clear











Incident UV spectrum











Change











Delete
Save
















Change the sample
name











Add











Remove











Average











Density of states











Details











Change scale











Initial scale











Copy graph
Copy data
Copy data andparameters


























- 21 -

Description

Multidata file (single)

Light intensity correction
coefficient file (multiple)

Measurement data file (multiple)

Background

Light intensity correction
coefficient file (single)

Measurement data file (single)

Graph Plot Section Right-click Menu

Obtains the background fromthe selected area data.
Obtains the regression linefrom the selected area data.
Clears the background and
regression line.
Changes UV intensity
correction coefficient. Select itfrom the file selection dialog.
No UV intensity correction
Saves the analysis result.
Changes the sample name.
Enter the sample name into
the entry dialog.
Superposes the data items.
Select the data items from thefile selection dialog.
Excludes the selected data



item.
Obtains the average. The
multidata is created anddisplayed in another window.
Estimates the state density.
The differential result is
created and displayed inanother window.
Displays data used for average
calculation.
Sets the axisminimum/maximum values.
Returns the axis
minimum/maximum values to
the default.
Copies the graph.

Copies the data.

Copies the data and
parameters.
=Enabled =Disabled (gray out) =Hidden





AC-5

4 Screen Configuration

4-5. Graph form

File Selection Dialog

File Name Entry Dialog

AC-5- 22 -

4 Screen Configuration

4-6. Zoom window

4-6. Zoom window

(5)
(4)

(3)

(2)
(1)
(6)

(7)

(1) X-axis minimum value entry text box(2) X-axis maximum value entry text box(3) Y-axis minimum value entry text box(4) Y-axis maximum value entry text box(5) Power entry text box(6) OK button(7) Cancel button

4-7. Customize window[Gridlines]

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(9)

(10)

(9)

(10)

[Marker](6)(7)- 23 -

AC-5

4 Screen Configuration

4-8. Search window[Background/regression line]

(8)

(9)

(10)

(1) Gridlines display/hide setting button(2) Vertical gridlines (major) specification box(3) Vertical gridlines (minor) specification box(4) Horizontal gridlines (major) specification box(5) Horizontal gridlines (minor) specification box(6) Size specification button(7) Color setting button(8) Line thickness button(9) OK button(10)Cancel button

4-8. Search window
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(10)

(8)

(9)

(1) Search location display(2) File type checkbox(3) File type list box(4) Sample name entry text box(5) UV intensity entry text box(6) Measurement date checkbox(7) Measurement date specification list box(8) Search button(9) Close button(10)Stop button

AC-5- 24 -

5 Other Functions

5-1. Data manager

5

Other Functions
This chapter describes functions not described in Chapter 2 to 4.

5-1. Data manager
The data manager can handle files with the same operations as the Windows Explorer. However, it canhandle only the hierarchy under My Document¥AC-5.

The data deleted with the data manager moves to "Recycle" in the tree view which is the AC-5-dedicatedrecycle bin. When the data is deleted from "Recycle", it moves to the recycle bin of Windows.
If the data manager is closed wrongly, it can be displayed again with the data manager in "Window (W)"menu.
The data manager list view displays files in the ascending order of measurement date on start-up. Clicking
on the column header sorts the files. Also, every click switches ascending/descending.

- 25 -

AC-5

5 Other Functions

5-2. Search

CAUTION The data manager file operation uses the Windows clipboard. Be careful using the clipboard in
combination with other applications (such as Explore).
 Execute the backup operation with the Explorer or others.
 Use the AC-5 analysis application data manager for file operations within the AC-5 folders Use
operations with the Explorer or others only for backup.

5-2. Search
Locations for search are layers under the folder selected in the data manager list view. Right-click to open
the pop-up menu and select "Search" or select "Search" in "Edit (E) " menu.
[What kind of data are you looking for?]The data types to be searched can be refined.

Figure 5-2.1 Refinement with Data Types
When the Incident UV spectrum .ldat has been specified, searching can be executed with entry of the UV
intensity.

When others than the Incident UV spectrum .ldat has been specified, searching can be executed with entryof the sample name.

AC-5- 26 -

5 Other Functions

5-3. Visual settings[When was it measured?]
Only the data items measured during the specified period are search targets.

5-3. Visual settings
With the visual settings window "Gridlines" tab, the gridline setting can be changed.

The gridlines display/hide can be switched with the gridline display/hide setting button.
The gridline interval can be changed with the vertical gridlines (major), vertical gridlines (minor), horizontal
gridlines (major), and horizontal gridlines (minor) values change.
The gridlines interval depends on the axis maximum/minimum and the step.

- 27 -

AC-5

5 Other Functions

5-3. Visual settings

When the vertical gridline is 4.2 to 6.2 eV and 0.1 eV step, the horizontal gridline is 0 to 63, vertical
gridline (major) = 5, vertical gridline (minor) = 10, horizontal gridline (major) = 5, and horizontal
gridline (minor) = 10, the calculation below is executed.
(6.2-4.2)÷0.1÷5÷10=0.4
Draw the vertical gridlines (minor) by 1 step with rounding up or 0.1 eV.
1×10=10Draw the vertical gridlines (major) by 10 steps or 1 eV.
(63-0)÷1÷5÷10=1.26
Draw the horizontal gridlines (minor) by 2 steps with rounding up or 2.
2×10=10Draw the horizontal gridlines (major) by 20 steps or 20.

Figure 5-3.1 Example of Gridlines
With the visual settings window "Marker" tab, the plot color and size can be changed.

1 to 10 mean the first to 10th data items when multiple data items are superposed.
S is the selected dot, B is the dot specified on the background, and R is the dot specified on the regression
line.

NOTE
The 11th data item is same as the first one, and the 12th data is same as the second one.

AC-5

- 28 -

5 Other Functions

5-4. Changing sample nameWith the visual settings window "Background line/regression line" tab, the background line and regression
line thickness can be changed.

5-4. Changing sample name
The sample name can be changed from the right-click menu of the graph form graph plot section.

- 29 -

AC-5