Pattern Mining Patterns
A Search for the Seeds of Patterns
ALICE SASABE, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
TOMOKI KANEKO, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
KAHO TAKAHASHI, Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University
TAKASHI IBA, Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University
This paper present Pattern Mining Patterns. These 121 patterns were shaped based on Iba Laboratory’s empirical knowledge
on mining, with 10 years of creating many Pattern Languages. In this paper, we describe its objective and creation process,along with 6 patterns as an example: Starting from Chaos, One to One Comparison, Talking while Moving, Hidden Meanings,
Doubting Clusters and Discovering the Islands, which belong to “Quest Map to Treasure”, the phase of identifying overlapping
meanings or relationships among ideas. The remaining patterns are presented in the list of pattern names.
Categories and Subject Descriptors:
General Terms: Human Factors, Design
Additional Key Words and Phrases: Pattern Language, Pattern Mining, Clustering, Interview
ACM Reference Format:
Sasabe, A., Kaneko, T., Takahashi, K. and Iba, T. 2016. Pattern Mining Patterns. ACM PLoP’16

1. INTRODUCTION
After “A Pattern Language” was published by Christopher Alexander in 1997 [1], it was also applied
to various fields other than architecture. While “Design Patterns”(Gamma, et al., 1995)[2], “Fearless
Change” (Manns and Rising, 2005)[3] and other types of Pattern Languages were subsequently
published, Iba Laboratory created more than 1000 patterns in the field of human actions, for over a
decade.
For creating Pattern Languages, the process of “Mining” is an essential component. Mining is thephase of extracting valuable seeds of the patterns from good experiences. The first step to create a
Pattern Language is to mine knowledge and that the knowledge which is captured in the patterns.
This phase is very important because we cannot create good patterns without mining good experiences.
There are various approaches to pattern mining. Iba and Isaku defined “Holistic Pattern-Mining
Patterns” (Iba and Isaku, 2012)[4], a method in which group members write down rules or tips thatare important about the subject onto sticky notes. In “Mining by Interview” (Rising, 1999)[5] or“Mining Interview Patterns” (Iba and Yoder, 2014)[6], they mentioned to mine by obtaining tips fromthe interviewee. Another approach mentioned by Akado et al is “Pattern Mining Workshop” (Akado etal., 2015)[7], a workshop style which enables mining for those who do not know a Pattern Language.
Although tips for sharing experiences through interviews and brainstorming have been articulated,tips for clustering and drafting remain unrevealed.
Therefore, the authors decided to form the approach for pattern mining from our experiences in all
121 patterns. In this paper, we present its creation process, objective or implementation of Pattern
Mining Patterns, and then introduce all 121 patterns.
2. THE BACKGROUND FOR REORGANIZNG MINING PATTERNS
A pattern is written from the element that is extracted from pattern mining. In this process, collecting
necessary information for the pattern is a prerequisite. This is when pattern mining plays its role toobtain the required information. The extracted valuable idea then becomes the seed of a pattern. The

information obtained through the process of mining is important since it directly affects the patterncontent.
In Collaborative Introspection and Mining Interview phase, taking note on subtle yet vital
impressions is necessary for creating relatable and personal patterns. For example, during interviews,
observe the overall atmosphere and your feelings for the conversations.
Gathering enough seeds (information) to write the knack of mining enables the pattern content to becomprehensive. A productive and satisfying mining is important to make a satisfying pattern. For thisreason, the author felt the need to comprehensively lay out and organize the tips for mining.
However, since our past work partially captured the process of mining, the authors decided tostructure the vital points for mining, by extracting and adding hidden tips to past work. As a result,
121 comprehensive patterns were created consisting of new patterns and revised patterns.
3. MAKING PROCESSPattern Mining Patterns describe the practical knowledge of Iba Laboratory, which have created morethan 1000 patterns in total in the past 10 years including a Pattern Language for creative learning;“Learning Patterns” (Iba et al., 2009)[8]; “Presentation Patterns” (Iba et al., 2012)[9], for creative
presentation; “Collaboration Patterns” (Iba and Isaku, 2013)[10], for creative collaboration;“Generative Beauty Patterns” (Arao et al., 2012)[11], for women to live beautifully and lively; “Words
for a Journey” (Iba et al., 2015)[12], for living well with dementia. This section explains the process ofcreating the Pattern Mining Patterns (Fig.1).
3.1 Element Mining
The first stage is to discover “Element” which is key information of pattern, “Context,” “Problem” and“Solution.” To discover these “Element,” the authors held Mining Interviews with Takashi Iba who
has created many patterns in his laboratory, and his student, one of the members of “Collaboration
Patterns” and Future Language; a design method to visualize the future (Honda T et al., 2015)[13]. He
had abundant knowledge and experience on pattern mining under Iba professor for 3 years. During
Mining Interview, it is important to ask key questions that relate to the Solution, Problem, andContext. For example, we first ask what interviewees really want to share with friends or newcomers
to find out the Important Matter. After that, to understand Prevented Problems, ask what would
happen if they didn't do the Important Matter, Furthermore ask the situation or the condition inwhich the Important Matter becomes necessary or the Prevented Problem is likely to occur to Grasp
the Context. Consequently, we discover the “Element.” Also it is important to take sticky notes when
listening to their stories.
In addition to our experiences with the creation of “Words for a Journey”, we wrote down our own
tips for creating other Pattern Languages; “Global Life Patterns” (Matsuzuka et al., 2013)[14], aPattern Language for people to maintain individuality and design their own actions in respect to the"globalizing" society; “Parenting Patterns” (Sasabe et al., 2016)[15], a Pattern Language for Growing
with your Child, to sticky notes as Collaborative Introspection. Thus, we thoroughly wrote down the
Iba Laboratory's empirical knowledge and ideas of pattern mining obtained through previous
experiences in to sticky notes.
3.2 Element Clustering
After Element Mining, we organize sticky notes by compiling similar ideas, dividing into cluster ofideas, giving names to the cluster, and connecting them according to their meanings by using KJ
Method (Kawakita, 1967)[16], which is well known in Japan. In the KJ method, ideas thought to have
similar attributes are grouped together and placed close to each other. These similarities must not bemere superficial resemblances; core traits and functions must be observed and talked through before
the connection between two notes is made. The cluster, made by KJ method, includes “Element” of“Context,” “Problem” and “Solution.” In this occasion, we added “Mining Interview Patterns” and“Holistic Pattern-Mining Patterns,” which were written in sticky notes.

	  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 2	
  	  Then we divided them into 3 categories in bottom-up. We named each category A, B, and C. A is
Element Mining: collecting key information needed to write the patterns through Mining Interviews
and Collaborative Introspection. B is Element Clustering: organizing the ideas from Element Mining
by compiling similar ideas, dividing them into clusters of ideas and connecting them according to their
meanings. C is Seed Making: giving names to each cluster and shaping essential points from eachcluster into the Seeds of Patterns. After divided into 3 categories, we place them in the highest
conceptual level of overall structure of all clusters. From this structure, we viewed each clusters fromtop-down, consider missing “Element” and conducted additional Element Mining. In this way, we wereable to comprehensively represent practical knowledge by observing the entire structure in top-down,
which was organized in bottom-up.
3.3 Seed Making
The third stage is to extract essentials from each cluster into a single note. We wrote down thecluster’s essential meaning as a ‘label’ in each note. In the rest of the note are sentences of Context,
Problem and Solution. We call this note The C-P-S (Context, Problem, and Solution).
	  In this stage, we also reviewed the entire structures from top-down to consider the missing“Element.” We tried to understand relationships among each C-P-S. In the completed patternlanguage, each pattern has relationships with other patterns. So, we pay attention to the whole
structures and relationships, thus leading to reflection and reconsideration of each pattern’s meaning.
As described above, the seeds of patterns while imagining the whole structure of the Pattern
Language.

Fig. 1 Making Process	
  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 3	  

4. PATTERN MINING PATTERNSPattern Mining Patterns consists of 121 patterns for extracting valuable seeds to create good patterns.
This set of patterns composes of 3 categories, human can only hold around 3-4 concepts in working
memory, and use hierarchical structures to manager larger collecting of concepts. A lower (at leasttwo) and an upper bound (at most seven) based on what psychological research tells us about human
information processing. This is why, we need to have groups of three. A: Mining for Experiences, B:
Pattern Mapping, C: Digging for the Seeds of Patterns, each containing 40 patterns. Combining thesymbol of mining, the total is 121 patterns. In this section, we introduce Pattern Mining Patterns.
4.1 What is pattern mining
Pattern mining is the first phase of three (Mining, Writing, Symbolizing) in creating Pattern
Language. Mining Interview was conducted by picking out necessary information that the patternmaker wants to collect for the pattern. In the Pattern Mining Patterns, we define pattern mining as aquest for unearthed treasure; the seeds of the patterns.
In A: Mining for Experiences to collect the points in making a roadmap for treasure hunting, we
listen to what one is saying and collect the valuable points. The valuable points as we call in thispaper are fragments of peoples’ experiences and memories. We probe deeper into some of thefragments to understand and illuminate the entire experience. In B: Pattern Mapping we write a map
on paper that expresses the Pattern Language you are trying to create by combining the clues you
collected. When you realized that what you heard from someone is similar to another, the island willappear in the map. In C: Digging for the Seeds of Patterns we actually try to unearth the seeds of thepatterns based on the map. At this point, it is still not a complete Pattern Language, but we define
this process as Mining, in which the seeds of patterns are discovered and will develop into a patternduring writing.
4.2

The structure of mining

In Pattern Mining Patterns, we divide to 3 categories; A, B, and C. Then divide to 3 group A1, A2, A3.
Finally, A111, A112, A113 which are Group of 3 were constructed by Optimal Structure (Fig.2).
In A: Mining for Experiences we summarize the points at the blain storming and interview phase.
Before the interview, we plan Strategy for Discoveries and start the interviews with people bySearching through Conversing. Then, we recorded the hints until we do Collecting Clues in B: Pattern
Mapping, we summarized the point for the KJ Method and Clustering phase. First, we Grasp the
Mined Elements and Group Thinking to prevent procrastination and conducted Finding Overlaps.
Finally, the phase of C: Digging for the Seeds of Patterns. To ascertain what the Seeds of Patterns are,and grasp it, then we grow seeds into plants. At the time of the collected almost all CPS cards, patternmaker thinks that patterns encompass the knack of mining, we assess that patterns complete apattern language. It is Mining Pattern’s role to help grow the seeds of the patterns for the writing
phase.

	  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 4	  

Fig.2 Structure of Pattern Mining Patterns
4.3

The pattern which we introduce in this prepare paper

In this paper, we introduce six patterns that describe the tips for the KJ method and Clustering stage,
which Iba Laboratory utilizes. These are Starting from Chaos, One to One Comparison, Talking while
Moving, Hidden Meanings, Doubting Clusters and Discovering the Islands (Fig.3). We chose thesepatterns because we thought that this six especially heuristic for people who create patterns.

Fig.3 Structure of B "Pattern Mapping"	
  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 5	
  

B113：Starting from Chaos

Starting from Chaos
Thinking stimulate by chaos.

You are preparing to start clustering.
▼ In this context
As you start all the notes in an unchanged condition , you become preoccupied with theexisting disposition. The phase of clustering could easily end when notes are neatly placed andfear to break up the group prevents you from moving around the notes to create a new value. When agroup of notes are viewed, it could unconsciously be seen as a perfect group that already contains ameaning. Also, lining up the notes orderly, you feel it is holding together already, and may stop thequest for a better meaning.
▼ Therefore
First, put all the sticky notes in a random order, switching the directions, and startwith a paper of chaotically placed notes. Sprinkle and put the notes regardless of the recorded
date and interviewee during mining. Otherwise, it is difficult to find common point among various
experiences. A disordered state of chaos is uncomfortable, yet leashes the power of creativity where
people try to create an order. So, always dare to start with a random and disorganized state. The
process of clustering creates a new meaning by boldly moving around the sticky notes and overseeing
the entire picture of the arrangement. Even if you are experienced, this chaotic state will always makeyou desperate. However, you will overcome the long hours for a new-born meaning, so believe that you
will reach an end.
▼ Consequently
When you start with the chaos state, it is easier to move the notes boldly. When this happens, you willsoon experience a drive to organize them more neatly. Thus reaching the momentum of clustering.
Also, it is required to know which note is where, which helps you to grasp the big picture of thearranged notes and to do a better phase of clustering.

	
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B133：One to One Comparison

One to One Comparison
Compare one by one carefully.

Trying to approximate the two between similar meanings in clustering.
▼ In this context
There are too many notes to compare, so you tend to be overwhelmed by the quantity
of notes. It might be better to compare it to a small subset of the notes instead, so you approximate
those notes while you do not grasp the meaning one by one. When the group appears, you tend tocreate a cluster by comparing the single note with one group, thinking about whether it belongs to thegroup. The words on the note may mislead you and prevent you to understand the notes individually.
When you find a single note that is left alone, you become insecure and easily place it into a group
without thought.
▼ Therefore
W hen you think about the distance of the notes, evaluate the relations hip between
each note rather as a whole group and think about their similarities. We tend to easily
group similar notes with"-atic" or "-ical" but do not forget to take another step further to reallyinterpret the meanings one by one. Especially, as you progress towards the end, you may see someunity among notes, but always make sure to see the relationship one by one and decide on whether to
put them closer or not.
▼ Consequently
Comparing every single note carefully, the group will entail a defining message, thus clarifying theessence of a pattern, as you check each note, you will develop a deeper understanding of the overall
notes.

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B21：Talking while Moving

Talking while Moving
Gather the idea while talking.

In the clustering phase, you are moving around the sticky notes.
▼ In this context
Clustering may proceed without the meaning being shared with other people. Most
people have different interpretations, and it is difficult to allow everyone to understand the meaningof moving around a particular note when reach a common understanding of the notes is difficult.
Whenever there are many sticky notes, each person may start to cluster nearby notes and assume
that they only need to share the end-result of the arrangement. But participants can have different
interpretations of what clusters mean.
▼ Therefore
Always discuss with members while sticky notes. Do not move them your own way, be sure totalk about One Topic at a Time with all members to perform the Tuning Interpretation. In this case,share your thoughts with the group even if it is not organized or put into the right words yet.
▼ Consequently
Even if you cannot think about an idea alone, discuss it with other members and they will make up
the meaning for you. As you share your idea with another person, he or she may turn it into a
discovery that you would not come up with and help you organize your thoughts. While sharing yourideas with the members, it may leads to Group Thinking, and can continue creating clusters. By
discussing how notes are clustered with other participants, recall together who's idea it was, whatkind of an episode it came from, and in what way it seemed important, as Essence Digging.

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B223：Hidden Meanings

Hidden Meanings
Make up hiding meaning behind the ideas.

In the clustering phase, you are exploring the meaning of the sticky notes while talking.
▼ In this context
The written and spoken words during mining are insufficient to create a pattern. If you
just record what domain experts say, you will not capture the full reasoning behind the pattern. Thus
whenever these information are applied to creating a pattern, the pattern becomes shallow. However,
it is also misleading to patch up the missing information with your assumptions.
▼ Therefore
Predict the background of the person you interviewed and think about hidden
meanings below their words and actions. Even without the person’s words, you can Essence
Digging about possible elements from their demographics like age, mindset, and status. Referring totheir experiences, you can predict their true voice that was left unspoken during the interview byreading their mind. Share your insights with other members to obtain approval and empathy to makesure your prediction is valid.
▼ Consequently
You are able to elaborate on the hidden meanings of what has not been described or articulated in theinterview. You may get closer to the essence of the pattern once you think not only from written words,
but also from your predictions.

	
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B233：Doubting Clusters	  Doubting Clusters
Check groups of notes again.

The phase of clustering is progressing, and there are some groups of notes.
▼ In this context
W hen there are too many notes in one group, it is usually considered as a single
meaning, thus does not produce a new value. People are easily navigated to the wrong
direction when the there are similar words and judge that they contain the same meaning. As a result,
there are misplaces notes in some groups. However, when all the notes are gathered into one group to
create a pattern, individual notes lose their meanings, thus the final expression could be to generic.
▼ Therefore
Always doubt if the arrangement of the group is accurate and check if each note’s
meanings are similar to each other. Even after a group of notes is formed, evaluate the meaningof each note and replace those that do not fit to the group by Iterative Questioning. As you see a big
group compared to other groups, check if you can rearrange the notes in it. When you are almost doneclustering, review the groups that you have created at the beginning of the phase.
▼ Consequently
By doubting the group of notes, you can repeat deconstructing and gathering the notes until the groupcontains an accurate and genuine meaning. To know convergence, persist the clustering process Until
it no longer moves.

	
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  B32：Discovering the islands

Discovering the Islands
Find the island from the sea of sticky notes.

Some notes are gathered and you feel like they are organized in groups.
▼ In this context
There are several groups of two to three notes that you become confused on whichgroup to start with. When some notes are dispersed all over a sheet of paper, you cannot process
all the information mentally and visually. After you feel like you have finished moving notes between
groups, you want to move on to the next phase. However the groups cannot bare a meaning without
clarifying the boarders.
▼ Therefore
Discover an island of notes. Think as the group of notes as an island, and the other area as theocean. Differentiate the borders between the island and the ocean. In order to make sure the distance
between the islands, do Local Adjustments. And make an adjustment some notes through Until it noLonger Moves.
▼ Consequently
As you realize an organized group, you can truly understand the point for discussion. In each island,
you can see the relationships between the notes and also compare the sizes among other islands.

	  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 11	
  5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we proposed a Pattern Mining Patterns, which describes Iba Laboratory's empiricalknowledge for creating more than 1000 patterns in total in the past 10 years, and introduced the 6patterns out of 121 patterns. Pattern Mining Patterns describes tips to mine the Seeds of Patterns,
which is one of the processes to create a Pattern Language. Each patterns explains the comprehensive
structure and content of pattern mining, including important mindsets and specific tips thatencourages implementation. Therefore, it is considered that it is possible to help meet the respective
situations and stages of people attempting to create a Pattern Language. Some applications would be,
sharing and mining experiences, acting as cognitive glasses for past cases, planning for a project tocreate a Pattern Language. In practice, the patterns are applied to worksheets that students in Iba
Laboratory and those who take the Pattern Language class at Keio University, Japan.	
 	  There are two points for future considerations and discussion. First, through the practice in Iba
Laboratory and in classes at the university, we discovered the need to update and improve the current
version of Pattern Mining Patterns. Next, we want to spread the Pattern Mining Patterns amongpeople who are trying to create and use Pattern Language, and increase the number of people whowant to make Pattern Language and support them. Not only does, Iba Laboratory hopes to makethese efforts, but also wish that Pattern Mining Patterns are used in the pattern community (such as
PLoP and PURPLSOC), and referred to by those who want to create Pattern Language.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirstly we would like to appreciate all members of our project, Nao Tamaki, Kosuke Suzuki and
Takuya Honda for giving us constructive comments. We would also like to appreciate Natsumi
Miyazaki and Rika Sakuraba for drawing nice illustrations for the patterns. We would also like toexpress our gratitude to Sumire Nakamura and Hitomi Shimizu for their support to write this paper
in English. Furthermore, we thank other members of Iba Laboratory for their great feedback for thepatterns. Lastly, we would like to appreciate Michael Weiss for being such a supportive shepherd forour paper.
REFFERENCES[1] Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., and Silverstein, M. A Pattern Language, Oxford University Press, 1977.
[2] Gamma, E. Helm, R. Johnson, R. and Vlissides, J. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software,
Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[3] Manns, M. L. and L. Rising. Fearless Change: Patterns for Introducing New Ideas, Addison-Wesley, 2005.
[4] Iba, T., and Isaku, T. “Holistic Pattern Mining Patterns,” PLoP, 2012.
[5] L. Rising. “Patterns mining”, 1999.
[6] Iba, T., and Yoder, J. “Mining Interview Patterns of Effectively Obtaining Seeds of Patterns”, Sugarloaf PLoP, 2014.
[7] Akado, Y., Kogure, S., Sasabe, A., Hong, J., Saruwatari, K., Iba, T. “Five Ideas for Designing Pattern Mining Workshops”,
EuroPLoP, 2015.
[8] Iba, T., Miyake, T., Naruse, M., and Yotsumoto, N. “Learning Patterns: A Pattern Language for Active Learners,” PLoP,
2009[9] Iba, T., Matsumoto, A., and Harasawa, K. “Presentation Patterns: A Pattern Language for Creative Presentations,”
EuroPLoP, 2012[10] Iba, T., and Isaku, T. "Collaboration Patterns - A Pattern Language for Creative Collaborations," EuroPLoP, 2013[11] Arao, R., Tamefusa, A., Kadotani, M., Harasawa, K., Sakai, S., Saruwatari, K., and Iba, T. “Generative Beauty Patterns: A
Pattern Language for Living Lively and Beautiful,” PLoP, 2012[12] Iba, T., Kaneko, T., Kamada, A., Tamaki, N., and Okada, M. “Words for a Journey: A Pattern Language for Living wellwith Dementia,” World Conference on Pursuit of Pattern Languages for Societal Change, 2015[13] Honda T., Nakagawa K and Takashi Iba. "Collaborative Design of Workplace with Future Language," 5th International
Conference on Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs15), 2015[14] Matsuzuka, K., Isaku, T., Nishina, S., and Iba, T. ”Global Life Patterns: A Methodology for Designing a Personal Global
Life," in the 4th International Conference on Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs2013), 2013.
[15] Sasabe A., Isaku T., Kaneko T., Kubonaga E and Iba T.”Parenting Patterns:A Pattern Language for Growing with yourChild,” AsianPLoP2016.
[16] Kawakita, J., HassouHou [The Abduction Method: For Creativity Development], in Japanese, Chuo-Koron, Tokyo, 1967.

	
  
	
  

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  APPENDIX
A list of all 121 patterns name

1st Layer
Pattern Mining
2nd Layer
A : Mining for Experiences
B : Pattern Mapping
C : Digging for the Seeds of Patterns
3rd Layer
A : Mining for Experiences
A1 : Strategy for Discoveries
A2 : Searching through Conversing
A3 : Collecting Clues
B : Pattern Mapping
B1 : Grasping the Mined Elements
B2 : Group Thinking
B3 : Finding Overlaps
C : Digging for the Seeds of Patterns
C1 : Label Making
C2 : Structure Building
C3 : The C-P-S
5th Layer
A : Mining for Experiences
A1 : Strategy for Discoveries
A11 : Grasping the Process
A111 : Experienced Person
A112 : Well-Balanced Selection
A113 : Mid-Sized Interviewee GroupA12 : Own Gut Feeling
A121 : Excitement of Discoveries
A122 : Legitimate Content
A123 : Strong Feelings
A13 : Mining Atmosphere
A131 : Plenty of Time
A132 : Widespread Blanks
A133 : Visualizing the Process
A2 : Searching through Conversing
A21 : One Section at a Time
A211 : Important Matter
A212 : Prevented Problem
A213 : Grasping the Context

	  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 13	
  A22 : Chain Conversations
A221 : Flat Atmosphere
A222 : Talk before you Think
A223 : Honest Reactions
A23 : Inducing Talks
A231 : Overlapping Experiences
A232 : Uncovered Topics
A233 : Assistive Words
A3 : Collecting Clues
A31 : Quantity over Quality
A311 : Bite-Size Ideas
A312 : Multiple Viewpoints
A313 : Welcoming Duplicates
A32 : Qualitative Memory
A321 : Feeling the Speech
A322 : Raw Words
A323 : Recorded Voice
A33 : Idea Deposit
A331 : Recallable Summary
A332 : Notation of Examples
A333 : Emphasizing MarkB : Pattern Mapping
B1 : Grasp the Mined Element
B11 : Environment for Focusing
B111 : Spacious Room
B112 : Chunk of Time
B113 : Starting from Chaos
B12 : Element Comprehension
B121 : Intent of the Action
B122 : Personal Summary
B123 : Sharing Interpretations
B13 : Element Pairing
B131 : Semantic Proximity
B132 : Start where you can
B133 : One to One Comparison
B2 : Group Thinking
B21 : Talking while Moving
B211 : One Topic at a Time
B212 : Tuning Interpretations
B213 : Expanding Hunches
B22 : Essence Digging
B221 : Episode Recap
B222 : Memory of Excitement
B223 : Hidden Intentions	
  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 14	
  B23 : Iterative Questioning
B231 : Sharing Doubts
B232 : Distance Verification
B233 : Doubting Clusters
B3 : Finding Overlaps
B31 : Inquiry in Action
B311 : Constant Rearrangement
B312 : Unbroken View
B313 : Spot Switching
B32 : Discovering the Islands
B321 : The Island and the Sea
B322 : Local Adjustments
B323 : Until it no Longer Moves
B33 : Mapping Islands
B331 : Provisional Borders
B332 : Balance the Islands
B333 : Confirming Islands
C : Digging for the Seeds of Patterns
C1 : Label Making
C11 : Island Decoding
C111 : Characteristic Grasping
C112 : Abridge the Elements
C113 : Essence of the Island
C12 : Recallable Labels
C121 : What to do and Why
C122 : Long Sentence
C123 : Footnotes in Parenthesis
C13 : Finishing the Labels
C131 : Abstractness Alignment
C132 : Memory of the Discovery
C133 : Collaborative Check
C2 : Structure Building
C21 : The Whole and the Parts
C211 : Group of 3
C212 : 3 Categories
C213 : Optimal Structure
C22 : Pincer Structuring
C221 : Group LabelC222 : Connecting Gaps
C223 : Checking Out Loud
C23 : Position Confirmation
C231 : Position Adaptation
C232 : Adding the Missing Element
C233 : Resolving Surplus	
  Pattern Mining Patterns: Page - 15	
  C3 : The C-P-S
C31 : Writer Assignment
C311 : Expert in Charge
C312 : Assignment in Bundles
C313 : Pre-Writing Check
C32 : CPS Writing
C321 : Aim of the Act
C322 : Unwanted Results
C323 : Timing of the Action
C33 : Finishing the CPS
C331 : Consistency with the Label
C332 : Logical Connections
C333 : Structure Posting

	
  

	
  

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