DGA-SHEETS technical note - separation of227
Actinium equilibrium mixture - AEM
227
DGA sheets
sheets technicaltechnical note
note -- separation
separation ofof 227
Actinium equilibrium
equilibrium mixture
mixture -- AEM
AEM
DGA
Actinium

Ján Kozempel,
Kozempel, Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ján
Universal chromatographic
chromatographic systemsystem –– paper
paper impregnatedimpregnated with
with N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl
N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl Diglycolamide
Diglycolamide isis an
an usefulusefulUniversal
tool forfor various
various elements
elements separationseparation andand may
may serve
serve asas validated
validated QC
QC method
method forfor radionuclide
radionuclide generators
generators
tool
eluates
andnuclides
separation.
eluates and nuclides separation.
227
The 227
Ac isis produced
produced inin aa nuclear
nuclear reactor
reactor andand decays
decays according
according toto aa scheme:
scheme:The
Ac−
𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽−
227
227
227
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �⎯⎯⎯⎯� 227

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �⎯⎯⎯⎯�
22 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
22

𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼−𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽−
226
227
227
226
�⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯� 227𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅(𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛, 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾)227
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 �⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯�
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅(𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛, 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾)𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

42𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
42𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴−𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽−−𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽−𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼

223
219
215
211
211
207 �⎯⎯⎯� 207�⎯⎯⎯⎯� 223�⎯⎯⎯� 219�⎯⎯⎯� 215
�⎯⎯⎯� 211�⎯⎯⎯� 207�⎯⎯⎯⎯� 211
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇ℎ�⎯⎯⎯⎯�𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅�⎯⎯⎯�𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛�⎯⎯⎯�
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃�⎯⎯⎯�
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃�⎯⎯⎯⎯�𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇�⎯⎯⎯� 207𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 �⎯⎯⎯�
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
18𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑11𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑4𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
36 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
18 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
11 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚3655 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

227
226
223
227
227
Thus 227
Ac maymay bebe separated
separated fromfrom 226
Ra as
as wellwell asas 223Ra fromfrom 227
Ac andand 227
Th. Single
Single 55 ×× 20
20 cm
cm DGA‐sheet
DGA‐sheet waswasThus
AcRaRaAc
Th.
cut ofof 20
20 x20x20 cm
cm bulk
bulk sheet
sheet andand used
used forfor thethe separation
separation ofof AEM.
AEM. Mobile
Mobile phase
phase was
was thethe 1M
1M HNOHNO33.. Developed
Developed
cutchromatographic
sheet
wasmeasurement
onastandard
radio‐TLC
scanner(seeFig.1).
Further,the sheet
sheet
chromatographic sheet was measurement on a standard radio‐TLC scanner (see Fig.1). Further, the211
211
was re‐measured
re‐measured repeatedly
repeatedly during
during one
one hourhour inin thethe same
same position
position toto allow
allow toto decay/growthdecay/growth thethe Pb
Pb ininwas
211
223
227
223
211
223
227
223
the respectiverespective peaks
peaks ofof Pb
Pb andand Ra.
Ra. Finally
Finally thethe sheet
sheet waswas measured
measured after
after thethe decay
decay ofof ThTh andand Ra
Ra ininthe227
227
227
227
their
respectivepeaks(oneyearaftertheseparation)
and
soat
theAc
peak
site
theingrowthofThandtheir respective peaks (one year after the separation) and so at the Ac peak site the ingrowth of Th and
223
223
223
Ra allowed
allowed its
its detection.
detection. InIn pure
pure 223
Ra solution,
solution, nono activity
activity should
should remain
remain inin first
first half
half ofof thethe chromatogram.
chromatogram.
RaRa
227
as aa mobile
mobile phase.
phase. 227
Th remains
remainsFig. 1.
1. Separation
Separation ofof AEM
AEM usingusing 55 ×× 20
20 cm
cm DGA‐sheet
DGA‐sheet withwith 1M
1M HNOHNO33 asTh
Fig.
227
211
223
227
211
223
on start,start, Ac
Ac hashas aa retention
retention factor
factor ≈≈ 0.2,0.2, Pb
Pb ≈≈ 0.7
0.7 andand RaRa ≈≈ 0.9.
0.9.
on223Ra)
4. ((2234.
Ra)

211Pb)
3. ((2113.
Pb)

223Ra)
4. ((2234.
Ra)

227Th)
1. ((2271.
Th)

227Th)
1. ((2271.
Th)

227Ac)
2. ((2272.
Ac)

211Pb)
3. ((2113.
Pb)

227Ac)
2. ((2272.
Ac)

227
Fig. 2.
2. Left:Left: γ‐spectrum
γ‐spectrum ofof peak
peak 2.
2. ((227Ac inin equilibrium
equilibrium withwith daughterdaughter nuclei);
nuclei); Right:
Right: Decay/ingrowth
Decay/ingrowth
Fig.
Ac
211
211 Pb in peaks 3./4.
ofof Pb in peaks 3./4.

CountsCounts

10,00010,000

1,000
1,000

Pb‐211, peak
peak 33Pb‐211,
Ra‐223, peak
peak 44
Ra‐223,
Th‐227, peak
peak 11
Th‐227,100
10000

1010202030304040

Time [m][m]Time

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