Tentative Translation

Moonshot Goals for the Moonshot Research andDevelopment Program
Future Innovation Research Division
Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
Cabinet Office, Government of JAPANPoint of the Moonshot Research and Development Program(1) The government sets ambitious goals and concepts for societal issues that are difficult to tackle but will
have profound impact once resolved.
(2) Opens call for domestic and foreign top-class researchers as PM*1s under the direction of the PD*2 whooversees multiple projects. *1 Project Manager, *2 Program Director(3) Builds a portfolio overlooking the program and promotes challenging R&D without fear of failure.
(4) Reviews a portfolio flexibly by stage-gates and actively encourages utilization of the R&D results.
(5) Establishes the most advanced research support system by utilizing a data management infrastructure.
(6) 100 billion yen was appropriated in the supplementary budget for FY2018, and a fund was created. 15billion yen was appropriated in the supplementary budget for FY2019.
(7) Supports the program up to 10 years.
[Image of Portfolio Management by PD]

Moonshot Goals

Successful
Measures of related ministries
and agencies

PD
Spin-out

Spin-off

Privatebusiness

Private fundStage gate

PD: Program Director
PM: Project ManagerPM
Project APM
Project B

Stage gate

Stage gate

PMProject CPM
Project D

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Outline of the Program and Moonshot goals
OutlineTo develop radical solutions for difficult societal challenge, the Government of Japan(GOJ) set inspiring and ambitious goals for challenging R&D.

Goals

To realize “Human Well-being”, nine Moonshot goals (MS goals) were decided in
the area of society, environment, and economics. (Goals 1 – 6 : Council for Science, Technologyand Innovation. Jan.23, 2020. Goal 7 : Headquarters for Healthcare Policy. July.14, 2020. Goals 8 – 9 ：Councilfor Science, Technology and Innovation. Sep.28, 2021.)

9 MS goals to be achieved

Society

Realization of a society in which human beings can be free

Goal 1: from limitations of body, brain, space, and time by 2050.

Turning the aging society into theinnovative and sustainable societyby harnessing diversity throughtechno-social transformation

Realization of ultra-early disease prediction and intervention

Goal 2: by 2050.

Realization of AI robots that autonomously learn, adapt to their

Goal 3: environment, evolve in intelligence and act alongside humanbeings, by 2050.

Realization of sustainable resource circulation to recover theEnvironment

Goal 4: global environment by 2050.

Recovery for global environmentand growth of civilization

Goal 5: supply by exploiting unused biological resources by 2050.

Creation of the industry that enables sustainable global foodRealization of a fault-tolerant universal quantum computer that will

Goal 6: revolutionize economy, industry, and security by 2050.

Realization of sustainable care systems to overcome major
Goal 7: diseases by 2040, for enjoying one’s life with relief and releasefrom health concerns until 100 years old”

Economics

Realization of a society safe from the threat of extreme winds andExploring frontiers with scienceand technology

Goal 8: rains by controlling and modifying the weather by 2050.

Realization of a mentally healthy and dynamic society by

Goal 9: increasing peace of mind and vitality by 2050.

“Moonshot for Human Well-being”

Moonshot Goal 1
Goal 1(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Realization of a society in which human beings
A society in which everyone cancan be free from limitations of body, brain, space,participate in various activities
and time by 2050.
- Development of technologies that allow anyone to<Target of Moonshot Goal>

participate in social activities beyond the limitationsof place and capabilities, by 2050.

Cybernetic avatar*1 infrastructure for diversity andinclusion- Development of technologies and infrastructure to carryout large-scale complex tasks combining large numbersof robots and avatars teleoperated by multiple persons
by 2050.
- Development of technologies and infrastructure thatallow one person to operate more than 10 avatars for
one task at the same speed and accuracy as one avatar
by 2030.

Cybernetic avatar life
- Development of technologies that will allow anyone
willing to augment their physical, cognitive, andperceptional capabilities to the top level, and spread of a
new lifestyle that will be welcomed by society, by 2050.
- Development of technologies that will allow anyone
willing to augment their physical, cognitive, andperceptional capabilities for specific tasks, and proposalof a new lifestyle that will be welcomed by society, by2030.

No need to be on site

Possible to get required abilities
by wearing devices

A society where everyone can participate
in various activities*1 Cybernetic Avatar is a concept that includes not only remote avatars using
robots and 3D images as proxies but also empowerment of the physical/cognitive
abilities of humans using ICT and robotics.
Cybernetic Avatar aims to be active not only in the physical world, but also
3in the cyber-physical world, i.e. Society 5.0.

Moonshot Goal 2
Goal 2
Realization of ultra-early disease prediction andintervention by 2050.
<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Establishment of a system for disease predictionand evaluation of pre-symptomatic states inorder to suppress and prevent disease onset,
through integrated analysis of the entire
functional network between human organs, by2050.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Prevent diseases- Development of technologies preventing
serious diseases such as dementia andcancer by analyzing unclear networks
between organs such brain and intestines, by2050.

- Establishment of a strategy that enables theconversion of a pre-symptomatic state to ahealthy state, by clarification of functionalchanges in human physiology along life course
considering
thecomprehensivenetwork
between organs, by 2050.
- Identification
ofdisease-relatednetwork
structures and establishment of innovative
prediction and intervention methods by 2050.
- Understanding of the comprehensive network
between human organs by 2030.

World’s first ‘Whole-body
Network Atlas’4

Moonshot Goal 3
Goal 3
Realization of AI robots that autonomously learn,
adapt to their environment, evolve in intelligence
and act alongside human beings, by 2050.
<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Development of AI robots that humans feel
comfortable with, have physical abilities equivalent toor greater than humans, and grow in harmony withhuman life, by 2050.
- Development of AI robots that behave well withhumans under certain conditions, and allow over 90%
of people to feel comfortable with them, by 2030.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

A society in which humans androbots coexist- Development of AI robots that have same
sensitivity as humans and physical abilities
equivalent to or better than humans, growing
together with human life.

- Development of an automated AI robot system thataims to discover impactful scientific principles andsolutions, by thinking and acting in the field of naturalscience, by 2050.
- Development of an automated AI robot system thataims to support the process of discovery for scientificprinciples and solutions to specific problems by 2030.
- Development of AI robots that autonomously makejudgements and act in environments where it isdifficult for humans to act by 2050.
- Development of AI robots that operate unattended
under human supervision in specific circumstancesby 2030.

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Moonshot Goal 4
Goal 4
Realization of sustainable resource circulation torecover the global environment by 2050.
<Target of Moonshot Goal>
Solutions to the global warming problem (the CoolEarth) and environmental pollution problem (theClean Earth) through realization of sustainable
resource circulation for the global environment.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Cool Earth & Clean Earth- Implementation of technologies such as
DAC(Direct Air Capture) of CO2, conversion
of CO2 into materials and decomposition ofmarine plastic litter, in society, by 2050.
Example of a new sustainable resource circulation to berealized

Cool Earth & Clean Earth- Global deployment of commercial plants or
products utilizing circulation technology by 2050.

Cool Earth- Development of circulation technology on a pilot
scale for reducing greenhouse gases that is also
effective in terms of life cycle assessment (LCA)
by 2030.

Clean Earth- Development of technology on a pilot scale or ina form of prototype that converts environmentally
harmful substances into valuable or harmlessmaterials by 2030.

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Moonshot Goal 5
Goal 5Creation of the industry that enables
sustainable global food supply by
exploiting unused biological resources by2050.
<Target of Moonshot Goal>(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Sustainable food supply without
food-loss and environmentalloading- Creation of the industry that enables
sustainable global food supply by exploiting
unused biological resources by 2050.

- Technical development of the circular foodproduction systems by biological measures, e.g.
utilizing microbes and insects, by 2050.
- Development of technical solutions foreliminating food loss and waste and forachieving both healthy life and sustainable foodconsumption by 2050.
- Evaluation of the technical achievements anddiscussion on the ethical, legal and socialimplications (ELSI) matters will be done by 2030,
for global spread of the technology by 2050.

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Moonshot Goal 6
Goal 6Realization of a fault-tolerant universal
quantum computer that will revolutionize
economy, industry, and security by 2050.
<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Achievement of the large-scale integration
required for fault-tolerant universal quantum
computers*1 by around 2050.
- Development of a certain scale of NISQ
computer*2 and demonstration of theeffectiveness of quantum error correction by2030.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

A universal quantum computerthat will dramatically revolutionize
our society- Realization of a large-scale and multipurpose
quantum computer that will revolutionize
economy, industry and security, by 2050.

*1 Fault-tolerant universal quantum computer is a quantum computer thatrealizes large-scale integration while guaranteeing on sufficiently highaccuracy for various applications.
*2 NISQ(Noisy-Intermediate Scale Quantum) is a small to medium scalequantum computer that does not have a function to correct errors.

8Moonshot Goal 7
Goal 7
Realization of sustainable care systems to overcome
major diseases by 2040, for enjoying one’s life with relief
and release from health concerns until 100 years old<Target of Moonshot Goal>[Realization of a society where everyone can prevent
diseases spontaneously in daily life]- Establish infrastructure to maintain good mental andphysical health by developing technologies, in order to stayhealthy and prevent the onset and aggravation of diseases
by regulation of immune systems or sleep, etc., and tovisualize individual physical and mental state in daily lifeand urge people to voluntarily take healthy maintenanceactions most suitable for them by 2040.
- Develop technologies to monitor all living body trends withlower physical and mental load by 2030.

- Establish a technology platform to provide quality medical
and nursing care suitable for each individual appropriately
even with less providers by developing compact, speedy
and high-sensitivity diagnostic and treatment devices aswell as technologies to further enhance doctors’ medical
opinion and diagnostic capability by 2030.

[Realization of drastic improvement of QoL without
feeling load (realization of an inclusive society without
health disparity)]- Establish a social infrastructure to enable self-reliant life athome without depending on nursing care by developing
such technologies as the recovery of body function withrehabilitation without feeling load, normalization of ailing
biocontrol systems, regeneration or substitution of
weakened organs and so forth by 2040.
- Develop technologies to improve body function throughload-reducing rehabilitation and support self-reliant life athome and to improve ailing living biocontrol systems by
2030.

[Realization of medical networks accessible for anyone(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）
from anywhere in the world]- Establish a medical network to provide the same level of
Sustainable care system for enjoying
medical care as a normal time regardless of region andone’s life until 100 years oldeven upon disasters and emergencies by developing
diagnostic and treatment devices for simple tests andtreatments at home, etc. and diagnosis- and treatment-freetechnologies for part of chronic diseases by 2040. In
addition, develop methods for radical treatment andprecision medicine for diseases such as cancer anddementia by substantially reducing the development periodof drugs and medical devices, etc. through establishment
of data science and evaluation systems by 2040.

9Moonshot Goal 8
Goal 8Realization of a society safe from thethreat of extreme winds and rains bycontrolling and modifying the weather by2050.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Safe from the threat of extreme
weather- Change the timing, range and intensity of
typhoons and extreme rains, and drasticallyreduce human and economic damages.

<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Making it possible to intervene to change thetiming, range and intensity of typhoons andextreme rains (including those that occur inlinear precipitation zones), significantly
reducing disaster damage and bringing awide range of benefits to society by 2050.
- Demonstration on a computer that it ispossible to reduce disaster damage bycontrolling typhoons and extreme rains using
realistic intervention operations, and conduct
experiments to verify these operations by2030.

Resulting reduction indamage will have wideranging benefits.

Change the timing, range andintensity of typhoons andextreme rains.

10Moonshot Goal 9
Goal 9Realization of a mentally healthy and dynamic society
by increasing peace of mind and vitality by 2050.
<Target of Moonshot Goal>- Realization of a society in which people have high individual
mental stability with an active role in their own lives, andpeople can accurately understand their mental status andmove towards their desired status through technology by2050.
- Development of motivating technologies through extraction
and measurement of elements that influence the humanmind (present in culture, tradition, art, etc.) and elucidate themechanism of mental influence by 2030. In addition, toundertake broad consideration of the issues in implementing
these technologies in the community and thereby finding
solutions to achieve wide uptake by the populace.
- Realization of a society that can widely accept and utilize
diversity, using technology to enhance the empathy, stability,and creativity of groups, and to disseminate mental support
services around the world by 2050.
- Development of science and technology that enhances
human communication and sharing of emotions, and todevelop mental support services that enhance the empathy,stability, and creativity of groups through collaboration withhumanities and social sciences, by 2030.

(Reference: Future Visions to be achieved）

Mentally healthy and dynamic
society- Decrease conflict, isolation and depression,and increase peace of mind and vitality.

Diversity,
Tolerance

PeaceCare,
NoticePeace of mind,
Happiness

Empathy
Vitality

Hate

Technology and services
to increase peace of mindand vitality.
Depression,Isolation

Conflict

Discord
Disparity

11Promotion System of the Moonshot R&D〇CSTI and Headquarters for Healthcare Policy determine the MS Goals.
〇To achieve the MS Goals, Research Promotion Agencies (Funding Agencies) promote related R&D.
〇A Strategy Council comprised of people from industry, relevant ministries and offices, andresearchers, is established to strategically promote R&D, to accelerate the practical use of theR&D results in society, and to achieve effective cooperation and coordination among the relevant
ministries/offices and the relevant FAs.

R&D promotion system
Council for Science,
Technology and Innovation

Determine the“MoonshotGoals”(CSTI)

Presentthe Goals

Formulatethe “R&DConcept”(MEXT,MAFF,METI)

Present theconcept, supervise

Research Promotion
Agencies(Funding Agencies)

AdviceReportRelevant Ministries
and Agencies

Promote R&D

Headquarters for
Healthcare Policy

Participate

ReportJST

PD/PMAdvice

Strategy Council

Approval,advice, etc.

NEDO
PD/PMPresentthe Goals

ReportReportParticipate

Relevant Ministries
and Agencies(CAO,MHLW,MEXT,METI)

Present theconcept, supervise

BRAIN
PD/PM

ReportAMED
PD/PM12

We choose to go to the Moon.
John F. Kennedy

The Moonshot Research and Development Programsets ambitious goals to attract people, and promotes
challenging R&D projects with the aim of resolving
difficult societal issues while bringing together thewisdom of researchers from all over the world.

Moonshot for Human Well-being

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