Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 81

Palaeontological Society of Japan
April 20, 1971

Editor: Takashi HAMADA
Associate edito r: Yasuhide IWASAKI

Officers for 1971 - 1972
Honorary President : Teiichi KOB AYASHI
President:

Tokio SHIKAMA

Councillors (* Executives):

Kiyoshi ASANO*, Ki yotaka CHI NZEI*, Takashi HAMADA*,

Tetsuro HA NAI*, Kotora HATAI, Itaru HAYAMI, Koichiro ICHIKAWA, Taro
KANAYA, Kametoshi KANMERA, Tamio KOTAKA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO*, Hiroshi
OZAKI*, Tokio SHIKAMA*, Fuyuji TAKAI*, Yokichi TAKAYANAGISecretaries:

Wataru HASHIMOTO, Saburo KA NNO

Executive Committee
General Affairs:
Membership:

Tetsuro HANAI, Naoaki AOKI

Kiyotaka CHI NZEI, Toshio KOIKE

Finance : Fuyuji T AKAI, Hisayoshi !GoPlanning : Hiroshi OzAKI, Kazuo ASAMA
Publications
Transactions:Takashi HAMADA, Yasuhide IWASAKISpecial Papers : Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Tomowo 0ZA WA" Fossils":

Kiyoshi ASANO, Toshiaki T AKAYAMA

Fossil on the cover is left lower M2 of Palaeoloxodon naumanni (MAKIYAMA, 1924)
from the uppermost part of the Tokyo formation (Upper Pleistocene) at Ikebukuro,
Tokyo.

All communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 81, pp. 1-10, pl. 1, April 20, 1971

574.

J. FLEMING'S SPECIES OF BRITISH LOWERCARBONIFEROUS CORALS
MAKOTO KATO

Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Hokkaido University

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The first description of British Lower
Carboniferous coral was by Eduardi LUIDI(LHUYD), a pre-Linnean author, in 1699.
The name Lithostrotion dates back to thispublication, although LHUYD's work is
not available for taxonomic purpose.
In 1793 William MARTIN described andfigured two Lower Carboniferous corals
from Derbyshire. And in 1809 thesewere redescribed by him together withthe four other species.
They are as follows:

MARTIN's species until the International
Commission of Zoological Nomenclature
officially rejected both of MARTIN's
works from nomenclatorial purpose(Opinion 231, 1948). MARTIN did not.
employ binominal nomenclature, thus his
species became unavailable.
In 1956 two of MARTIN's species were
however, revived and validated by the
ICZN Opinion 419, in fixing neotypes ofthem, chosen by SMITH (1916) as officially recognized.
Now we have Lonsdaleia duplicata(MARTIN) and Actinocyathus florijormis(MARTIN) (KATO, 1966).
Yet the rest of "MARTIN's species"
has to be attributed to later authors
who first named them according tomodern procedure of taxonomy as introduced by LINNE. Thus Lithodendron
caespitosa M'COY (1844) is the first namefor MARTIN's Erimolithus (Madreporae
caespitosae) ... ]. FLEMING (1828) is available as the author for the British Lower
Carboniferous corals.
During the course of my study on
British Lower Carboniferous corals it
became necessary to re-examine FLEMING's collection which is now housed

Coralliolithus (Madreporae Caespitosae) Madreparae (MARTIN, 1793) = Erismolithus (Madreporae Caespitosae) (MARTIN, 1809).
Coralliolithus (Tubiporae radiatae) tubiporae
tub is (MARTI!\", 1793) = Erismolithus !ubiporites ? (radiatus) (MARTIN, 1809).
Erismolithus Madreporites (duplicatus) (MARTIN, 1809).
Erismolithus Madreporites (affinis) (MARTI!';,
1809).
Erismolithus Tubiporites (catenatus) (MARTIN, 1809).
.
Erismolithus Madreporites (fiorifonnis) (MARTIN, 1809).

These species had long been known as
Received June 22,1970; read Nov. 24, 1964
at Sapporo.

1

Makoto KATO
at the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, in order to establish and tointerpret FLEMING's old species.
It is the purpose of this article tomention the present status of the FLEMING's original material of Lower Carboniferous corals and to choose anddescribe lectotypes of some species
whenever possible and desirable.
FLEMING, as many other naturalistsof his days, did not necessarily possess
all the specimens of his own for the
species he named, described and arranged in order.
Sometimes he had seen specimens inother collections. Therefore, for therecognition of FLEMING's species all the
specimens of the forms described byprevious authors and were later quoted
by FLEMING as synonymous with his
species have to be considered as constituting syntypes of that species, together
with of course his own materials. FLEMING's collection was at least partiallyre-examined, once by THOMSON (1887),
and then by SMITH and LANG (1930).
But it is still necessary to study it, forambiguity exists in some of his species.
In 1960 the author was able to examine FLEMING's collection at the Royal
Scottish Museum. And in connection
with the nomenclatorial problem concerned he also examined David URE
collections of the Hunterian Museum,
Glasgow, and the coral collection of the
British Museum (Natural History), London and the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. The result is also incorporated
in this articles.
In the following remarks will be given
for each FLEMING's species in originalorder.

Lithostrotion striatum
This species was officially fixed as thetype species of genus Lithostrotion by

the ICZN Opinion 117 (1931).
FLEMING (1828, p. 508) quotes LHUYD's(1699) and PARKINSON's (1808) corals assynonymous with his Lithostrotion striatum. Both of the latter two materials
are believed to be lost. A single specimen, RSM 1870. 14. 370 has been registered in the FLEMING collection at theRoyal Scottish Museum. But unfortunately this specimen is not traceable atpresent. However THOMSON (1887) studied FLEMING's original specimen, redescribed and figured this specimen. It
appears quite possible that THOMSON
borrowed FLEMING's specimen which wasdestroyed in the fire of Kilmarnock Museum together with all the THOMSON
collection.
In the absence of LHUYD's and PARKINSON's specimens (HILL, 1940, p. 166),and being the only specimen it is appropriate to select FLEMING's original specimen for the lectotype of Lithostrotion
striatum. But we must interpret the
species based on THOMSON's figure (1887,
pl. XII, fig.1). PARKINSON gave the nameof Madrepora vorticalis to LHUYD's coral,
and this name antedates FLEMING's striatum. Also CONYBEARE and PHILLIPS(1822) called the same coral Lithostrotion
basaltijorme. LANG, SMITH & THOMAS(1940) and HILL (1940) say that Lithostrotion striatum should be known as
Lithostrotion vorticalis (PARKINSON).
However in selecting FLEMING's original specimen of Lithostrotion striatum
for lectotype, it is not necessarily synonymous with LHUYD's or PARKINSON's
corals. This holds true to CONYBEARE
and PHILLIP's form as well.
The author thinks best to lapse both
Madrepora vorticalis PARKINSON and
Lithostrotion basaltijonne CONYBEARE
and PHILLIPS because their descriptions
and illustrations are too imperfect tointerpret their species, besides all the574.

FLEMING's Carboniferous Corals

type specimens for them are lost.
Therefore it is no way possible to fix
these two species in terms of modern
taxonomy.
On the other hand, though the actual
specimen is still missing, it is possible
to recognize Lithostrotion striatum, when
we interpret THOMSON's illustration for
Lithostrotion striatum. It appears that
Lit hostrotion striatum stands morphologically in between Lit hostrotion minus
and Lithostrotion portlocki. Also it may
be still possible that the FLEMING's specimen is turned up if we search closely
the THOMSON collection which was re·covered and gathered from the burnt
down Museum of Kilmarnock, and is
now kept at the Glasgow Museum and
Art Gallery.
The name of Lithostrotion vorticalis
has not been used for a long time.
Therefore it may be allowed to lapse.
But the name basaltijorme has been often·employed in both palaeontological andstratigraphical papers. And Lithostrotion basaltijorme has been applied tosuch Lit hostrotion with cerioid coralla
and relatively large corallites and numerous septa. Tabulae are dome shaped.
For such Lithostrotion a number of species, bristoliense VAUGHAN, aranea M'COY,
arachnoides M'COY, septosus M'CoY,
major M'CoY, and ishnon HUDSON were
proposed. They are all available andall the type specimens for these later
species are kept in either the British
Museum of Natural History or the
Sedgwick Museum of Cambridge. It may
not at all be necessary to retain the oldname of Lithostrotion basaltiforme withmuch ambiguity.
Lit hostrotion florijorme·FLEMING clearly indicated that his
Lithostrotion florijorme corresponded to
MARTIN's florijormis. Though LONSDALE

3(1845) selected Lithostrotion florijorme as
the type species of the genus Lithostrotion, this was invalidated by the ICZN
Opinion in 1931. The species florijormis
remains as MARTIN's species (ICZN.
Opinion 419, 1956), and the genus Actinocyathus may be properly applied tothe species (KA TO, 1966).
The neotype of MARTIN's florijormis
is the Sedgwick Museum collection A
2359, selected by SMITH (1916). The specimen is the type of Strombodes conaxis
M'COY.
Four specimens of "Lithostrotion"
florijorme have been registered in the
FLEMING collection at the Royal Scottish
Museum. They are :RSM 1870. 14. 124 from Wen lock limestone329
Derbyshire
373
Colebrookdale (nottraceable)"
379

THOMSON (1887) studied one of FLEMING's specimens (presumably the onethat is not traceable at present), which
was figured as figure 2 on his plate 12(erroneously stated as fig. 3 in his explanatory text). This form undoubtedly
belongs to Actinocyathus florijormis(MARTIN). Other FLEMING's corals are
all conspecific with that species. The
said horizon for one specimen is from
theW enlock limestone. This is obviously
erroneous. That specimen might be obtained also from Colebrookdale, not far
from the Wenlock Edge, from the Mountain limestone.
Lithostrotion marginatum
FLEMING (1828, p. 508) originally statedthat he had two corallites of this species.
But these are not registered and cannot
be found in his collection. THOMSON in
1887 (p. 377) mentioned that he could not
find specimens of this species in FLE-

4

Makoto KA TO

r.nNG's collection. So it appears thatthese specimens were lost before FLEMING collection was acquired by theRoyal Scottish Museum.
As THOMSON indicated FLEMING's form
was probably a Hexaphyllia. FLEMING
did not mention its locality, but he described the size of his specimens which
had corallite diameter of 1;10 inch. In
He:wphyllia, being a columnar coral, thesize of corallite is diagnostic. Therefore
the species may be interpreted by FLEMING's description alone.
HILL (1940) described and figured
Hexaphyllia marginata from Scotland. If
a neotype is necessary HILL's coral may
be suitable for the purpose. This coralbears Geological Survey collection (Edinburgh) 3882 f/b.
Hexaphyllia margin(lta is thus the oldest
named species in the genus Hexaphyllia.
Caryophyllea (sic) fasciculata
The species is now known as Diphyphyllum fasciculatum (FLEMING). SMITH
and LANG (1930) selected lectotype forthe species, which is RSM 1870. 14. 374(A & B). A part of the lectotype is in
the British Museum (BMR 28799).
FLEMING's specimen is a large colonyof 15 em long with 10 em wide. Corallites measure as long as 6 mm in its
maximum diameter. Axial structure iscompletely absent. Corallite increase isby " fission ". Fine structure of septa
is fibro-normal. Dissepiments are only
in one row. Minor septa are a little
longer than the width of dissepiments.
Stereoplasmic thickening is seen in thedissepimentarium.
FLEMING considered PARKINSON's Madreporite (1808) and MARTIN's caespitosae(1809) as synonymous with his species.
But this is probably not the case. No
precise information beyond that theselatter two forms are fasciculate coralsof different size is available as to bothforms above mentioned. They may be
species of either Siphonodendron or Diphyphyllum.
Caryophyllea (sic) duplicata
FLEMING (1828, p. 509) quoted MARTIN's
duplicata (1809) as synonymous. FLEMING
left no specimens of this species in hiscollection. Though MAI<TIN's original
specimens have also been lost, the species was officially recognized as MARTIN's
species in stating SMITH's (1916) unofficial
neotype as officially recognized (ICZN
Opinion 419). The specimen is Sedgwick
Museum A 2419.
Caryophyllea (sic) ajJZms
Although the name of Lit!wstrotion
affine is sometimes to be seen in various stratigraphical papers, the species
has never been fully scrutinized up topresent. The specific name " affine " wasoriginated from MARTIN's " Petrificata
Derbiensia" (1809), and had been known
as his species until the ICZN rejected
the validity of MARTIN's papers in 1953.
Since that time the author of this species should have been attributed to
FLEMING who first legally described it.
FLEMING's original description (1828,
p. 509) runs as follows : " Stems slightly
branched, cylindrical, equal, smooth,rather distant, and about half an inch
in diameter. M. Aff. Mart. Derb. t. 31,'Carbon. Lst."
MARTIN's specimen is lost. FLEMING
had two specimens of this species, ofwhich one is not traceable. This latter
specimen is registered as having beenobtained from the Wenlock limestone,
and is therefore not suitable for thetype material of this species. The remaining specimen is accompanied witha label with FLEMING's own hand writing,and is a Siplwnodendron. It is thought

57 4.

FLEMING's Carboniferous Corals

appropriate to select this specimen as
the lectotype of Caryophyllea (sic) affinis.

Sip!wnodendron affine (FLEMING)
Pl. 1, tigs. 1-4
1828. Caryophyllea (sic) affinis FLE:-'11:\:G, p.
509.
1940. Lithostrotion proliferum HILL, p. 1711,
pl. ix, figs. 11-14 (For further synonymy see HILL, 1940).
non Lithostrotion affine auctt.

Syntype: Erismolithus Madreporites(affinis) MARTIN (1809) from Winster
etc. (Specimens lost).
RSM 1870. 14. 125 from Wenlock limestone (not traceable).
RSM 1870. 14. 381 from West Lothian.
Lectotype (here chosen): RSM 1970. ILl.
381 from West Lothian, Scotland.
Description of the lectotype: Corallum
compound, fasciculate and phaceloid.
The colony is embedded in black, finegrained· muddy limestone. Corallites
cylindrical and subparallel, closely arranged and are often in contact witheach other. Surface character is unknown.
In transverse section corallite hasround and smooth configuration. The
size of corallite reaches up to 10.5 mm
in diameter. Epitheca is thin. Dissepimentarium is relatively narrow, occupies
less than 1/3 of the radius of corallite.
Dissepiments are regular and concentric
at the periphery where minor septa develop, and are mostly inosculating at
the inner margin of the dissepimentarium. Sometimes, when corallites are
relatively large dissepiments show
pseudoherringbone pattern in the space
between major and minor septa. About
4 to 5 series of dissepiments can becounted in the dissepimentarium. No
lonsdaleoid dissepiments developed. The

5boundary between tabutarium and dissepimentarium is not very clear. Tabularium is wide, remains open at thecentre, being not traversed by the axialends of major septa. Major septa fallshort to the centre of corallite, extend
about one half of the radius of corallite.
Major septa are subequat in their length
except the counter and cardinal septa.
The counter septum is usually a little
longer than the other major septa andis sometimes connected with columella.
The cardinal septum is on the contrary
a little shorter than the other majors
and is thus forming a little, shallow
cardinal fossula.
Major septa arecounted as many as 39, but are commonty 32 to 34. Minor septa alternatewith the majors and are very short,
mostly confined to the periphery ofdissepimentarium, sometimes reach 1/2
the length of the majors. Peripheral
part of the corallite and the centre ofeach septum are often altered to massive, yellowish parts. Septal fine structure is probably diffuso-trabecular, but
is not definitely determined as they arethin and the structure is obscurated byalteration. All the skeletal elements arenotably thin, but intrathecal dilation isobserved in some corallites. Tabulae
are concentric and sparsely situated in
the tabutarium and the axial ends ofmajor septa are often terminated by
the ring like cut edges of tabulae. Axial
structure is very simple, lath shapecolumella, straight to sinuous, occasionally provided with one or two septal
lamellae like projections on each side,sometimes surrounded by the cut edgesof axially elevated tabulae. New buds
appear in the dissepimentarium as a
vesicular portion for the first time. So
the increase is peripheral.
In longitudinal section corallite surface
is only feebly undulated. Dissepimen-

6

Makoto KATO

uirium is clearly differentiated fromtabularium, and consists of 4 to 5, orsometimes more rows of dissepimentsof varied size. Dissepiments are small
and regular at the periphery of corallites, but are rather large and irregularat the inner margin of the dissepimentarium. Tabularium is wide. Tabulae
are complete, gently domed but are
sometimes supplemented by the development of peripheral tabulae. Six tonine tabulae are to be counted in thevertical distance of 5 mm. Axial structure is simple, thin and sinuous.
Remarks: "Koninckophyllum" proliferum THOMSON & NICHOLSON is identical with Siphonodendron affine here described. The former species was redescribed by HILL (1940) as a Lithostrotion,and she gave a complete synonymy forthat species. Thus this synonymy holds
also good for Siphonodendron affine.
Siphonodendron affine is characterized
mainly by its short minor septa, weak
and lath shaped columella, and generallythin skeletal elements. Major septa areshort and diphymorphism is common.
The number of septa is numerous forthe size of corallite of Sip!wnodendron.
Lithostrotion proliferum described by
DOBROL YUBOV A (1958) and DOBROL YUBOV A & KABAKOVITSH (1966) from Soviet
Union may not be conspecific with thesame named species from Scotland. They
have much larger corallites, longer minor
septa and stouter columella than the
British form.
The specific name " affine " has been
applied to such Siphonodendra having
relatively large corallites and " lv!drtini"
type morphology. To this kind of Siphonodendron the species sociale may beavailable. MARTIN's coral of "affine"might be such a coral and was probably
not conspecific with Siphonodendron affine here described.

Caryophyllea (sic) juncea
Only one specimen (RSM 1870. 14. 346)
of this species is registered at the Royal
Scottish Museum. The specimen is,
however, a small tip of marly limestone
contammg Tryplasma, Heliolites andbrachiopods, and is lithologically very
similar to Wenlock limestone of Dud1ey.
THOMSON (1887) wrote that he once
examined FLEMING's material of thisspecies and found that it was a species
of Syringopora. The specimen THOMSON
examined is not traceable at present.
Although the specific name ]uncea is
now attributed to FLEMING, this was
originated from ]unci Lepidi of URE(1793). FLEMING, of course, quoted URE's
form as synonymous with the present
species. Very fortunately URE's specimen of "]unci Lepidi" has been kept atthe Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, butbears no registration number. This isa small, fragmental corallum of what
has been long recognized as Lithostrotion
junceum. The presence of columella canbe perceived externally. But the specimen is not necessarily a figured specimen of "]unci Lepidi" of URE, since heillustrated only a detached, cylindrical,
slender corallite of that species.
At any rate the specimens above mentioned are all to be considered as syntypes of "Caryophyllea" juncea FLEMING.
And it is reasonable to select URE's specimen as lectotype of this species, inorder to fix the specific contention as
has been constantly understood.
The species has long been treated asa Litlwstrotion. However this has phaceloid corallum, fibro-normal septa andno dissepiments. Therefore this is definitely not a Lithostrotion, which shouldhave massive, cerioid coralla and trabecular septa and dissepiments. Siphonodendron is also not an appropriate genus
for the species. The author thinks that

574.

FLEMING's Carboniferous Corals

Kwangsiphyllum GRABAU & YoH is available for this species. Both columellate
and diphymorphic forms may be grouped
together under this genus of Kwangsiphyllum.
Turbinolia Fungites
URE's fungites (1793) was cited as asynonym by FLEMING (1828).
There are six specimens for this species registered as RSM 1870. 14. 428 in
the FLEMING collection. They belong toa single species, Aulophyllum of fungites
pachyendothecum type of SMITH (1913).
URE's figured specimen is now stored at
the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, where
it carries the number HMC 4366, and also
belongs to the same species as above.
All these specimens can be considered
as constituting syntypes of the species
concerned. SMITH and LANG (1930) selected URE's specimen as the lectotypeof the present species. The locality of
URE's form is written on a label at. theHunterian Museum as "probably Shields
Farm, Eastkilbride ".
The specimen was cut and figured by
THOMSON (1882, 1883), in which intrathecal dilation of major septa is notconspicuous and minor septa intrude into
tabularium.
Porites cellulosa
PARKINSON's form (1808, ii, 39, t. V, f.
9) from Masburg, Mendip was listed by
FLEMING (1828, p. 511) as a synonym of
this species. PARKINSON's specimen is
however, believed to have been lost.
FLEMING's own collection does not contain specimens assignable to the present
species. Presumably FLEMING establishedhis species based on PARKINSON's description and figure of the Masburg
specimen.
FLEMING described the age of thisspecies as Carboniferous with querry.

7

But according to WELCH (1924) who·
mapped the Mendips, Masburg and its.
neighbourhood is the area where K and.
Z zones are developed. PARKINSON's illustration also reveals that. the form isa species of Michelinia. Hence its .geological age is definitely Carboniferous.
If a neotype is necessary for this.
species, a specimen of Michelinia, from
Masburg, which fits the PARKINSON's
figure may be selected for the purpose.
Otherwise the species may be allowed
to lapse, since it has not been in use
for more than 100 year.
EDWARDS and HAIME (1852) put cellulosa in the synonymy of Mamon Favosum
GoLDFUSS (1826). The author also would
like to support this synonymy.
Tubipora catenata
No specimen for the present species:
is found within the FLEMING collection.
FLEMING (1828, p. 529) quoted MARTIN's(1809) and PARKINSON's (1808) forms assynonyms of the species, though original.
specimens of both two forms are nottrateable. Apparently FLEMING had
MARTIN's Erismolithus Tubiporites (Catenatus) in mind in describing his species.
MARTIN's coral undoubtedly belongs to
the genus Syringopora, but appears to.
contain at least two different forms ofthat genus, as seen from the illustrationof " catenatus ". The one form has.
slender corallites and is Syringopora
catenata as has been commonly understood. The other form may be referable·
to Syringopora reticulata with medium
sized corallites. Therefore it is necessary
to select a neotype for Syringopora cafenata in order to fix the species in asense hitherto recognized. Until thattime Syringopora catenata (FLEMING) is
not available.
The author's preliminary study on
British Carboniferous Syringoporae re-8Makoto KATO

veals that there exist at least sevenforms. One form among them is provided with loosely phaceloid coralla withslender corallites of about 1 mm diameter. Wall is thin and septal spines aresparse. And S. catenata is best to be
applied to this kind of Syringopora.
Tubipora ramulosa
Although FLEMING (1828, p. 529) did
not quote GOLDFUSS (1826) in the synonym list of this species, the authorshipof this species is attributable to thelatter who described Syringopora ramulosa prior to the former. No specimensof this species is left in the FLEMING
collection.
Tubipora radiatus
The FLEMING collection does not containspecimens of this species, but his description suggests a Sarcinula like coral.
He most probably recognized this species
based upon MARTIN's Erismolithus Tubiporites? (radiatus) (1808), which is Coralliolithus (Tubipora radiatae) tubiporae
tub is of MARTIN (1793). FLEMING (1828,
p. 529) listed only MARTIN's form as asynonym.
MARTIN's coral might be a form like
Orionastraea phillipsi, but it is not possible to coufirm this synonymity at theabsence of type material. The specificname has been largely ignored by later
authors and is better lapse.
FLEMING described two species ofFavosites from Carboniferous. Both ofthem were later redescribed by SMITH
and LANG (1930). Therefore only mention will be made on these two species.
For Favosites septosus there is only
one specimen registered in the FLEMING
collection at the Royal Scottish Museum(RSM 1870. 14. 123). The specimen was
obtained from an unknown locality, andwas thought by SMITH and LANG (1930)as the holotype of this species. But thissingle specimen is better considered as
the lectotype for the species concerned,
chosen by SMITH and LANG in 1930.
Because FLEMING did not fix the typespecimen and monotypy in the present
case is not all clear. A part of thelectotype is now kept at the British
Museum (Natural History) bearing thenumbers R 28797-8.
EDWARDS and HAIME (1852) erroneously considered the present species as an
Alveolites, and several subsequent authors followed this classification. But
SMITH and LANG (1930) rightly regarded
this species to be a Chaetetes.
The corallum of this species is massive, with divergently arranged small
corallites, the wall of which is completely
trabecular. Thus FLEMING's species undoubtedly belongs to the genus Chaetetes
redefined by SOKOLOV (1939). Favosites
has, on the other hand, typically fibronormal wall structure and is provided
with relatively large corallites withmural pores (KATO, 1963, 1968).
SMITH and LANG's illustration for
Chaetetes septosus should actually be as
figure 2 on their plate 8 (1930), insteadof being figure 1 as they erroneously
stated in an explanatory text.
Favosites depressus
In the FLEMING collection there is only
one specimen for the species (RSM 1870.
14. 122). And it is from an unknown
locality. The specimen is to be considered as the lectotype (designed as halotype) of this species chosen by SMITH& LANG (1930) who thought it to belong
to the genus Chaetetes.
However, this species has tabular
corallum, as FLEMING (p. 529) originallydescribed, and is better classified under
the genus Chaetetella SOKOLOV, 1939.

57 4.

FLEM INC's Carboniferous Corals

Besides the species above enumerated
FLEMING (1828, p. 251) following SOWERBY(1814), classified Amplexus coralloides
SOWERBY under the section of Cephalopods, but he described it might be a.coral. Lectotype of AmPlexus coralloides
was chosen by SMITH and THOMAS (1963)
as BM 44115 and BMR 29093-29095.
Summing up the above description
FLEMING's corals from the British Carboniferous are now listed as follows:
Lithostrotion striatum FLE:\IIKG
Actinocyathus fioriformis (MARTIK)
Hexaphyllia marginata FLE~ll:'-IG
Diphyphyllum fasciculatum (FLEMI!'G)
Lonsdaleia duplicata (MARTI?-i).Siphonodendron affine (FLE:\lli'G)
Kwangsiphyllum junceum (FLEMIKG)
Aulophyllum fungites (FLE:\lli'G)
Michelinia cellulosa (FLE:\HXG).Syringopora catenata (FLE:\l!KG).S.
ramulosa GoLDFUSS.Orionastraea radiata (FLE:\lli'G)-Chaetetes septosus (FLEMING)-Chaetetella depress a (FLEM IXG)
Amplexus coralloides SowERBY

Acknowledgements

The author greatly acknowledges Dr.
C D. W ATERSTON of the Royal Scottish
Museum, Edinburgh, the late Dr. H. D.
THOMAS, the late Dr. E. D. CURRIE andProfessor M. MINA TO of the Hokkaido
University, Sapporo for their kind assistance to the present study. He also.acknowledges the British Council for a.scholarship 1959/61. Photographs are
the work of Mr. S. KUMANO of our Department.
References Cited.CoNYBEARE, W.O. & PHILLIPs, W. (1822):
Outlines of the Geology of England andWales, Part 1, pp. 1-470, London.

9

DoBROL YUBOV A, T .A. ( 1958) : HIDKHeKaMeHHoyroJihHbie KoJioHnaJihHhie YeTh!pex.'lyueBhie KopaJIJibl PyccKOH nJlaT¢0PMhl· Tp.
naJieOHT. Y!HCT., ToM no. CTp. 1-224, Ta6.
i-xxxviii.
- - & KABAKO\"ITsH, N.V. (1966): KopaJIJihi
HH)I{Hero Kap6oHa KyJHeuKoii KoTJIOBl!Hbi.
Ibid., ToM 111, cTp. 1-126, Ta6. i-xlv.
EDWARDS, H.M. & HAI:VIE, J, (1852) : A
Monograph of the British Fossil Corals,
Third part. pp. 147-210. Palaeontographi·
cal Soc. London.
FLEMIXG, J, (1828): A History of British
Animals. pp. 1-565, Edinburgh.
GOLDFCSS, G.A. (1826) : Petrefacta Germaniae, I. pp. 1-76, Dusseldorf.
HILL, D. (1940) : The Carboniferous Rugose
Corals of Scotland, Part II. pp. 115-20,1.
Palaeontographical Soc. London.
KATO, M. (1963): Fine Skeletal Structuresin Rugosa.
jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido
Univ., ser. IV, vol. 1.1, no. 4, pp. 571-630 .
- - (1966) : Note on some Carboniferous
coral genera: Clisaxoplzyllum, Clisiophyllum (Neoclisiophyllum), Zaphrentoides,
Stylidophyllum and Actinocyathus. japanese jour. Geol. & Geogr., vol. 37, nos.
2-4, pp. 93-104.
- - (1968): Note on the fine skeletal structure in Scleractinia and in Tabulata.
jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., ser. IV,
vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 51-56.
L,\xG, w.o., s~IITH, s. & TuoMAs, H.o.
(1940): Index of Palaeozoic Coral Genera. pp. 1-231.. British Museum, London.
LoxsDALE, W. (1845) : Description of some
Palaeozoic Corals of Russia. pp. 591-63-!,
in R.I. McRciiiSON, E. DE VERNEL"IL &A. voN KEYSERLING: The Geology ofRussia in Europe and the U1·al Mountains,
I. London .
LUIDI, E. (LIILYD, E.) (1699): Lithophylacii
Britannici Ichnographia. pp. 1-139, London.
MARTIN, W. (1793): Figures and Descrip.
tions of Petrifactions, collected in Derbyshire. Wigan.
- - (1809): Petrificata Derbiensia. pp. 1-28,
Wigan.
McCoY, F. (1844): A Synopsis of the Char-10

Makoto KATO

acters of the Carboniferous Limestone
Fossils of Ireland. 207 pp. Dublin.
PARKINSON, J. (1808) : Organic remains of
a former world, vol. II, pp. 1-286, London.
SMITH, S. (1913) : On the genus Aulophyllum.
Quart. jour. Ceo/. Soc. London, vol. 69,
pp. 51-77.
- - (1916) : The genus Lonsdaleia and Dibunophyllum rugosum. Ibid., vol. 71, pp.
218-272.
- - & LANG, W.D. (1930) : Descriptions of
the type specimens of some Carboniferous
corals of the genera " Diphyphyllum ","Stylastraea ", "Aulophyllum ", and Chaetetes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 10, vol. 5,
no. 26, pp. 177-194.
- - & THOMAS, H.D. (1963) : On Amplexus
coralloides SowERBY and some Ampleximorph corals from the English Devonian.
Ibid., ser. 13, vol. 6, pp. 161-172.
SoKoLov, B.S. (1939) : Stratigraphical value
and types of Chaetetidae of the Carboni-ferous of the USSR. C.R. Acad. Sci.
(NS), 25, 134.
SowERBY, J. (1814): The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, I. pp. 153-168.
THOMSON, J. (1887) : On the genus Lithostrotion. Trans. Edinburgh Ceo!. Soc.,.
vol. V, part III, pp. 371-398.
- - & NICHOLSON, H.A. (1876): Contributions to the Study of the Chief Generic·Types of the Palaeozoic corals. Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., 4, vol. 17, no. 1, pp.
60-70.
URE, D. (1793) : The History of Rutherglen
and East-Kilbride. pp. 1-334, Glasgow.
WELCH, F.B.A. (1933):
The ·Geological
Structure of the Ea~tern Mendips. Quart ..
jour. Ceo!. Soc. London, vol. 89, pp. 1451.
YoH, S.S. (1931): A new generic name forthe coral Syringophyllum GRABAU and.
YoH, 1929. Amer. jour. Sci., (5), vol. 21~
p. 79.

Explanation of Plate 1(All figures three times natural size)

Siphonodendron affine (FLEMING)
Fig. 1. Transverse section.
Fig. 2. Longitudinal section.
The lectotype of Caryophyllea afjinis FLEMING, 1828. Rbyal Srottish Museum 1870. 14. 381
from West Lothian, Scotland. Both figures are of celluloid peels.

KATO:F LEMING's Carboniferous Corals

S. KuMA N O photo

Plate 1

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 81, pp. 11-26, pis. 2-5, April 20, 1971

575.

MICROFOSSILS FROM THE PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS
OF THE ARIAKE SEA AREA, WEST KYUSHU*KIYOSHI TAKAHASHI
Department of Geology, Nagasaki University

i19.7L1+11faJJim~OJrMJlUtJtHJ~!fmfltOJil!'Y:11::.1l:~DJl:'I':J~j~t;~IMNtt (fH*JY;!;Hiifii=*'£1\00~IBJ)*

OJ19'ilOJ1fnJJi1fJk@;iPG{\tGht-:: ¥- ~ '/~·=ry 34 ;;jnj1 11
17 ~;~)ji-'fiPG, "it-::ft~-;f>:W,:Ri;i+IIBJ:RiJ~Wl!OJ~t;}!H'~ 3km f1ili:OJfi:iJ~IniOJ 8 ~;~)ji]f;ipG1f,~iz0)"'1 ~ P 7'7 '/~ r '/~.5\!.i:B

1..-t-::, Dinoflagellates c V-ert Spiniferites ramosus, Hystrichosphaeridium cf. ferox,
H. cf. tiara, H. spp., Hemicystodinium cf. zoharyi, Hystrichokibotium sp. ~. acritarchs!.-"(Vi Micrhystridium ariakense n. sp., M. densum n. sp., Baltisphaeridiumsp., ? Baltisphaeridium sp., Cymatiosphaera globulosa, C. reticulosa, Leiosphaeridia
globulifera n. sp. ~. ~t-::FiflliFfH}jf~11::.1l Ovoiddes cf. microligneolus ~.1\!./:B 1..-t-::, fi:
Pli%.l'fi<J¥i?.'ii=*:n-l;i;§~IBJ cfffijJ!BJO)~~tJ:i"~~JIIri.ilEO) ;f-- ~ '/ f=r 70) 8 f,i\f-'fiPG1f,lliJcO)jiJr~/GHJJ 0)/)~11::.15 Ovoidites ellipsoideus n. sp. ~§EQ !.- t.:: o <b:b'"'l'""Cnclf\Xil~$-9 ~ o?.'1i t~cmformations in the Ariake Sea area.
D. WALL and B. DALE (1970) have clari-'
fled that the parental dinoflagellate of
Spiniferites ramosus is the living species
Gonyaulax spinifera, and S. bentori is)hespore of Gonyaulax digitalis. Their incubation experiments are very interesting and important for establishing taxonomic relationships among extant andfossil dinoflagellates, "hystrichospheres",and other acritarchs.
In this paper the author refers toSpiniferites ramosus (EHRENBERG) MANTELL, which is identifiable with Hystrichosplwera ramosa, according to the opinion of WALL and DALE (1970).
Many suitable samples for the investigation were provided by Mr. Satoshi
KAWASAKI, formerly of the Nagasaki
Reclamation Office, Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, from eleven cores of the
Ariake Sea bottom, off the coast of Kojiro, and two cores in the Kuriya River

Introduction

Investigations on the stratigraphy andpollen assemblages of the Pleistocene
sediments in the Ariake Sea area werepreviously made by K. TAKAHASHI, S.
KAWASAKI and H. FURUKAWA (1968, 1969).
They divided the Pleistocene sediments
into five formations, viz. the lowest, lower,
middle, upper, and pumice tuff formations,and established a zonation by differencesin the pollen-spore assemblages.
The present author found many microplankton and other microfossils of unknown affinities in the same slides thatwere originally prepared for the earlier
research on spores and pollen grains.
This is a report and description of dinoflagellates, acritarchs, and other microfossils recovered from the Pleistocene* Received June 23, 1970; read June 27, 1970
at Mito.

11

J(iyoshi TAKAHASHI

12

area at the boundary of Kunimi and Ariake towns.
The author thanks Mr. Satoshi KAWASAKI, Bureau of Development of Hokkaido, for his kind offering of the boringcores. Thanks are also due to Professor
Dr. Glenn E. ROUSE, Departments of Botany and Geology, University of British
Columbia, Canada, for his valuable advice
and for reading the manuscript.

Location and stratigraphy

The Pleistocene sediments of the Ariake Sea bottom, off the coast of Kojiro,
Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture, are divided into five formations, thatis, the lowest, lower, middle, upper, andpumice tuff formations. These formations
were originally described and charted in
K. TAKAHASHI, S. KAWASAKI and H. Fu-

A12
B12 O
A11
B11

-7.5

°

A10
810°
A9

C10
0

B9
C9
0

° AS
80
B7

C7
0

AS
BS 0

-5.0

Fig. 1.

Map showing the positions of the samples collected.

AJ-AI2• B1-B 12, C1-C 12 , and No. 2: boring positions.
B: Kuriyagawa silt or clay bed.
C: Nagasu Formation.

57 5.

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

1969, p. 53-57.
1) Lowest formation
This formation occurs deeper than -43
m in core no. B-3, and -35m in core
no. B-9; it consists mainly of coarse sandand gravel. In horizons deeper than -50
m of the core no. B-3, a bluish gray clay
continues down for more than 5 m. A
gravel bed is composed mainly of theround or subround pebbles, 1-2 em indiameter, consisting hornblende biotite
andesite and a sand matrix containing
many pieces of biotite.
2) Lower formation
This formation contains facies of tuff
breccia, volcanic breccia, and beds of siltclay.
(a) Tuff breccia (0-12.7 m+ in thickness)
This formation occurs at depths ofmore than -12m or -20m. The rocks
contain pyroclastics, consisting mainlyof grayish-white, coarse, hornblende-biotite-andesitic breccia, within a sand matrix containing many crystals of hornblende and biotite. This grades locallyinto volcanic breccia.
(b) Volcanic breccia (0-30 m in thickness)
This bed does not occur on the northern side of the line connecting the boring
stations A-8, A-9, B-10, B-11, and B-12
or in the neighborhood of the core C-9.
The upper surface occurs at a depth
shallower than -17.5 m from the sea
bottom in the area of the boring positions
B-4, B-5, B-6, B-7, and B-8. In this area,
the bed measures about 15-20 m in thickness. This volcanic breccia contains large
cobbles of hornblende-biotite andesite,
and in places becomes partly lava.
(c) Silt-clay beds (generally 0.7-2.5 m;
max. more than 9.5 m in thickness)
Beds ranging from clay to silt areintercalated between various horizons,and consist of greenish-gray, hard, silt
RUKA W A,

13

to clay.
3) Middle formation (0.4-2.5m in thickness)
This formation, consisting of brown
clay, silt, or sand, contains dark gray or
black carbonized plant fragments; it canbe called a humus clay or sand. It is
distributed mostly on the southern sideof the line A 2 -B 3 -C 2 , and occurs at -14
to -16m below the sea bottom.
4) Upper formation (0.9-12.2m in thickness)
Consists mostly of volcanic sediments,
i.e., volcanic ash, tuff breccia, silt, sand,and tuffaceous gravel, all of which originated as volcanic ejecta.
(a) Tuff breccia
This bed showing a wide distribution,
consisting of many boulders and cobblesof dark gray, pyroxene andesite, andpartialy hornblende-biotite andesite, witha matrix of tuffaceous sand or mud.
(b) Sandy tuff
The hard sandy tuff is light purplish
gray or grayish brown, and is not so
continuous. Its thickness varies from 1.7
to 4.3 m.
The soft sandy tuff is distributed discontinuously, and is light gray or gray.
(c) Sand bed
A dark gray, fine-medium, loose sandcontains many carbonized plant fragments. The thickness varies from 1.2 to
2.9 m, and the upper surface varies from
-9 to -11m.
(d) Clay bed
This bed consists of dark green loose
clay, clay mixed with gravel, or sandy
clay containing many plant fragments,and varies from 0.15 to 2.6m in thickness.
It can be correlated with the Kuriyagawa
clay bed occurring in the downstream
area of Kuriya River, because of similarrock facies and pollen assemblages. Its.
upper limit is -12.30 to -17.00 m.
(e) Tuffaceous fine gravel bed

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

l4

0
m

6. \·/ \.

I~ ' \ ' '

5

\ ''
'' "
" '

"
'"

0

/~ .'~ •!'. '.' /~'~ ~'. •!~ ~\'~

0.
.

'! -'~ .
!'. /0\ !~

A

1\

"

10

. '.'

1\ I\ 1\•••• 0"t:.

'•••• 0

.~~

I\

A

"
15

0
0
0

"

'

'

"' '
'

"

"
"

a,,,

"'
II

20

"'

[>.

"

"'

t.

''

"'

"

B-4

B- 6

g

t=J

h

b1]'

' '

t:.

"

"

'

'

"
t:.

1>.

[>.

1\/\J\

1\ " ' '

[>.

1>.

"

"'

[>.

- 0

I\J\1\

[>.

[>.

"""
1>.

~~~~~

"

[>.

[>.

I\ I I ! \- - - -

"

"

"

"''

6

'

' "

t.

A- 1

[ill
25

D

v

B- 1

a

b

l·vv ·;.I c
Fig. 2.

D

B-2

.

d

[2J..
[iJ. t

e

E8
'

&

c-4

6
6

' '

@

TT77777 m

B-9(a)

B -9( b)Seven columnar sections of the Pleistocene sediments of the Ariake Sea bottom.

a: Silt or clay
b: Humus mud
c: Silt-clay or sand containing carbonizedplant fragments
d: Sande: Gravel
f: Pumice sand·g: Tuff
h : Tuffaceous silt

Sandy tuff or (lapilli tuff)
tuffaceous sand or pebble
Volcanic breccia
k : Tuff breccia
I : Shell remains
m: Horizon of weathered rocks
0: Horizon showing theoccurrence of microplankton

575.

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

This bed consists of many coarse sands,
granules, or pebbles from volcanic rocks.
It is situated on the northern side ofborings A-6, B-6, and C-6, and varies
from 0.6 to 3.6 m in thickness.
5) Pumice tuff bed
This pumice bed, the so-called "ejectaof Aso volcano", occurs on the northern·side of borings B-1, A-3, A-4, A-5, andA-6. It contains many pebbles, an occasional boulder of pumice, and small
granules of black andesite in a matrix
of loose pumice sand.
In the downstream area of Kuriya River, the uppermost horizon consists of tuffaceous granules to coarse sand, and is
20 em thick. The lower horizon contains
a gray silt to clay bed up to 190 em inthickness. In horizons deeper than 190
em, this bed also contains pumice or
granules.
The outcrop of the Nagasu Formation,
being gray or bluish gray silt or clay
containing carbonized plant fragments
and shell fossils, is situated about 700 m
north of Takamoto, near Nagasu Harbor,
Kumamoto Prefecture. It provided many
good samples. H. FURUKAWA and H. MrTSUSHIO (1965) reported that the lower
part of the Nagasu Formation contains
shell remains, such as Theora lata, Raeta
pulchella, Barnea japonica, etc., indicating
an inner bay environment.
The foregoing Pleistocene formations
respectively correspond with the fourzones of pollen assemblages (K. TAKAHASH!, S. KAWASAKI and H. FURUKAWA,
1968 and 1969).
The A type pollen group corresponding to the upper formation, consists
mainly of Pinus, Gleicheniaceae, Tsuga,
flex, Fagus, Picea, Polypodiaceae, etc.
The B type pollen group represents
the middle formation and shows the
spectrum of Taxodiaceae (mostly Metasequoia), Alnus, Picea, etc.

15

The lower formation corresponding to
the C type pollen group, contains Quercus, Castanea, Chenopodiaceae, Pinus, etc.
The lowest formation shows the D type
pollen group consisting of Fagus, Pinus,
Quercus, etc.
Dinoflagellates, acritarchs, andother microfossils

Seventeen samples and horizons yielded many microplankton remains, are as
follows:
Boring
No.
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-1
A-5
A-ll
B-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-6
B-9
B-9
B-11
C-4
C-4

Depth (m)Formation

Pollengroup

15.00-15.50
15.80-16.00
16.00-16.20
18.40-18.50
16.50-17.00
18.30-18.40
11. 40-11. 50
13.00
17.50-17.60
12.30-12.40
6.50- 6. 70
11. 20-11. 30
35.30-35.50
36.40-36.60
16.55-16.65
10.00-10.50
11. 00-11. 50

lower
lower
lower
lower
lower
lower
middle
lower
lower
lower
upper
upper
lowestlowest
lower
lower
lower

c
c
c
c
c
c
B

c
c
c
A
(A)
D
D

c
c
c

The author found many microfossils ofIncertae sedis Ovoidites only from eightsamples of the Kuriyagawa silt or clay
bed. The Kuriyagawa silt or clay contains the A type pollen group.
Eight samples from the Nagasu Formation yielded many microplankton remains. In the pollen assemblage of theNagasu Formation, Fagus and Pinus are
the most predominant, and Picea, Tsuga,
Quercus, Castanea, flex, Gleicheniaceae,
Zelkova or Ulmus, etc. are next. This
assemblage appears comparable to the Dtype pollen group, although an exact

Kiyoshi TAKA HASH!

16

correlation cannot as yet be made.
1) Dinoflagellates
The author identified the following as
dinoflagellates: Spiniferites ramosus (EH·
RENBERG) MANTELL; Hystrichosphaeridi1117! cf. ferox DEFLANDRE; Hystrichosphaeridium cf. tiara KLUMPP; Hystrichosphaeridium spp.; Hemicystodinium cf. zoharyi(ROSSIGNOL) WALL, and Hystrichokibotium sp.
Spores of Spiniferites ramosus (EHRENBERG) MANTELL, occurring commonlyfrom the Pleistocene sediments of the
Ariake Sea area, have been isolated recently by D. WALL and B. DALE (1970)
from the sediments of a marine lagoon
in Bermuda. Their incubation experiments show that living dinoflagellate
spores of Spinijerites ramosus !EHRENBERG) MANTELL have excysted in vitro
to produce a motile thecate dinoflagellateof the Gonyaulax spinifera type.
2) Acritarchs
Micrhystridium ariakense n. sp., Micrhystridium densum n. sp., Baltisphaeridium
spp., Cymatiosphaera globulosa T AKAHASHI, Cymatiosphaera reticulosa TAKAHASHI, and Leiosphaeridia globulifera n. sp.
were identified. Micrhystridium ariakense
appears especially abundantly from many
samples.
3) Other microfossils
Ovoidites ellipsoideus n. sp. was commonly found only from the Kuriyagawa
silt or clay bed. Only one specimen of
Ovoidites cf. microligneolus KRUTZSCH wasfound in core B-6, 11.20-11.30 m in depth.
The biological affinities of Ovoidites are
unknown.
All type material is kept in the Department of Geology, Nagasaki University.

Systematic descriptions•

Class Dinophyceae

Family Gonyaulaceae LINDEMANN
Genus Spiniferites MANTELL, 1850
Spiniferites ramnsus (EHRENBERG)

MANTELL
Pl. 2, figs. 1-3

1937. Hystrichosphaera ramosa, G. DEFLAI'DRE, Ann. Pal., 26, p. 64, pl. 11, figs.
5, 7.
1937. Hystrichosphaera furcata, G. DEFLA:\'DRE, Ann. Pal., 26, pp. 61-63, pl. 11,
figs. 1, 3, 4.
1958. Hystrichosphaera furcata, A. EISENACK,
N. ]b. Geol. Paliiont., 106, 3, p. 406, pl.
25, ftgs. 4-8.
1959. Hystrichosphaera furcata, H. GocuT,
Paliiont. Z., 33, 1/2, p. 74, pl. 4, fig. 4;
pl. 5, fig. 11.
1964. Hystrichosphaera furcata, I.C. CooKSON
and N.F. HuGHES, Palaeontology, 7, 1,
p. 45, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.
1964. Hystrichosphaera ramosa, I.C. CooKSON
and N.F. HUGHES, Palaeontology, 7, 1,
p. 45, pl. 9, figs. 4, 5.
1966. Hystrichosphaera furcata, P. MORGENROTH, Palaeontographica, B, 119, p. 14,
pl. 7, figs. 5, 6.
1967. Hystrichosphaera furcata, D. WALL,
Palaeontology, 10, 1, pp. 98-100, pl. 14,
figs. 1, 2, text-fig. 2.
1969. Hystrichosphaera ramosa, H. Goct!T,
Palaeontographica, B, 126, pp. 30-31, pl.
4, figs. 10, 11.
1970. Spiniferites ramosus (EHRENBERG) MA:\'TELL, D. WALL and B. DALE, Micropaleontology, 16, 1, pp. 49-51, pl. 1, figs.
1-15, text-figs. 1-9.

Description :-The test is ovoid. The
test wall is thin and smooth or fine punctate. The plate-areas are defined by distinct sutural septa and are completelydeveloped in number and arrangement.
The processes are set along the sutures
and at corners of plate-areas. They are
relatively long, either bifurcate or trifurcate. The tabulation is 4', Oa, 6", 6c,

575.

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

6"', 1p, 1'"' and the archeopyle is developed from plate-area 3". Its shape issubrectangular.
Dimensions :-Test 50-54x 44-52 f1;
length of process 15 to 8 f1; width ofgirdle: ventral 4 to 6 fl., dorsal 7 to 8 fl.·Remar!?s :-The present specimens arevery similar to Spiniferites ramosus (EHRENBERG) MANTELL (=Hystrichosp!wera
ramosa (EHRENBERG) DAVEY and WILLIAMS) (D. WALL and B. DALE, 1970, 47-58,
pl. 1) from modern marine lagoonal sediments in Bermuda.
WALL and DALE (1970) have informedthat living specimens .of Spiniferites ramosus (EHRENBERG) have been isolated
from the sediments of a marine lagoon
in Bermuda and have excysted in vitro
to produce a motile dinoflagellate of Gonyaulax spinifera. This fact establishes
the synonymy of Spiniferites (=Hystric!wsphaera) and Gonyaulaux.
Age and occurrence:- Pleistocene; Nagasu Formation (marine silt),near Nagasu
Harbor, Kumamoto Prefecture. Slide GN
673 and GN 751.

Family Hystrichosphaeridiaceae EVITT,
1963, emend. SARJEANT
and DOWNIE, 1966
Genus Hystrichosphaeridium DEFLANDRE,
1937, emend. DAVEY and

17

Paliiont. z., 33, 1;2, p. 71, pl. 4, fig. l.
1962. Hystrichosphaeridium ferox, I.C. CooKSO"< and A. EISENACK, Micropaleontology, 8, 4, p. 491, pl. 4, fig. 15.
1967. "Hystrichosphaeridium" ferox, W .R.
EviTT, Stanford Univ. Publ. Geol. Sci.,
10, 3, p. 76, pl. 8, figs. 1-5.

Description:- The test is ovoid withsomewhat truncated base. The test diameter is about 33x 27 fl.· Large compound processes are broad at the base,divide into two or more forked spines
which taper toward the tips, and correspond to pre- and postcingular plates.
Smaller processes are sometimes between
the compound processes and correspondto apical, cingular, and sulcal plates. The
large compound processes are about 9 to
11 f1 long and about 8.3 to 8.6 f1 broad at
the base. The small processes are about
5 to 7 fl., scarcely 10 plong and about 1.3
to 1.6 f1 broad at the base.
RemaTks :-The characteristics of thepresent specimen are comparable withthose of HystrichosphaeTidium ferox DEFLANDRE in the form and arrangementof the compound processes.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; lower formation of the Ariake Sea bottom,
off the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture ; core C-4, depth
11.00-11.50 m. Slide GN 395.

WILLIAMS, 1966

Hystrichosphaeridium cf. tiara KLUMPP

Hystrichosphaeridium cf. ferox

Pl. 4, fig. 16

DEFLANDRE

1953. Hystrichosphaeridium tiara KLUMPP,
Palaeontographica, A, 103, pp. 390-391,
pl. 17, figs. 8-10.

Pl. 3, fig. 61937. Hystrichosphaeridium ferox DEFLAI'>DRE,
Ann. Pal., 26, p. 72, pl. 14, figs. 3, 4.
1958. Hystrichosphaeridium ferox, A. EISENACK, N. ]b. Geol. Paliiont., 106, pp. 401402, pl. 27, figs~ 1-2.
1959. Hystrichosphaeridium ferox, H. GoCIIT,

Description :-The test is originallyspherical and thin-walled, with the numerous processes of the small bifurcated orbugle-like tips. The test diameter is about
55.5 to 69 fl.· The numerous processes

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

18

are relatively slender and often curved,
and range from 9.5 to 14 fl. in length.
Archaeopyle apical. The processes aroundarchaeopyle are somewhat smaller.
Remarks :-Hystrichosphaeridium tiara
KLUMPP was described by B. KLUMPP{1953, pp. 390-391, pl. 17, figs. 8-10) fromthe Upper Eocene sediments of Kiel and
Wi:ihrden, Germany. The present specimen is closely similar to the German
species H. tiara KLUMPP excepting wallthickness. The latter possesses the thicker wall, 4 fl., than the former.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; lower formation of the Ariake Sea bottom,
off the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture ; core A-1, depth
16.00-16.20 m. Slide GN 476. Core A-5,
depth 16.50-17.00 m. Slide GN 581.

Hystrichosphaeridium sp. a

spherical or oval, with the numerous
processes. The test diameter is about
31 X 26 fl.· The processes are relatively
short and slender with the trumpet
mouth-like tip. Their length ranges from
5.0 to 5.2 fl.· The wall is thin. Archaeopyle apical.
Remarks :-The present specimen issimilar to Hystrichosphaeridium tiara
KLUMPP (B. KLUMPP, 1953, pp. 390-391,
pl. 17, figs. 8-11) from the Upper Eocene
sediments of Kiel and Wi:ihrden, Germanyand H. cf. tiara from the Pleistocene
sediments of the lower formation of the
Ariake Sea bottom. The former is smaller in size and length of process than thelatter.
Age and occurrence:- Pleistocene ; lower formation of the Ariake Sea bottom,
off the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture ; core A -1, depth
15.80-16.00 m. Slide GN 463.

Pl. 2, figs. 4a-b

Description:- The test is ellipsoidal in
outline, but originally spherical (?). The
test diameter is about 46 x 31 fl.· The
numerous processes are relatively slender, long, and cyrindrical with the somewhat broader base and the bi- or trifurcated tips. Their length varies from
7.8 to 10.3 fl.· The wall is very thin, 0.4 fl.
and fine punctate. Archaeopyle unseen.
Remarks:- The author describes here
the present specimen as Hystrichosphaeridium sp. due to no apparent plate-areas.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; lower formation of the Ariake Sea bottom,
Qff the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture ; core B-2, depth
17.50-17.60 m. Slide GN 234.
Hystrichosphaeridium sp. b
Pl. 4, figs. 15a-b

Description:- The test is originally

Family Incertae sedis
Genus Hemicystodinium WALL, 1967

Hemicystodinium cf. zoharyi(ROSSIGNOL) WALL
Pl. 3, figs. la-b

1962. Hystrichosphaeridium Zoharyi RossiGNOL, Pollen et spores, 4, 1, p. 132-134,
pl. 2, fig. 10.
1967. Hemicystodinium zoharyi (RossiGNOL)
WALL, Palaeontology, 10, 1, p. 110, pl.
15, figs. 18-20.

Description:-The hemisphaerical, rimof hemisphere with somewhat smaller
projection and displacement at the midventral point. Test smooth, 45x42 fl. longin diameter. Spines numerous; theirlength about 7 to 7.5 fl. and breadth about
1.3 to 1.6 fl.·Remarks:- The present specimen iscomparable with Hemicystodinium zoharyi

575.

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake(ROSSIGNOL) WALL (Hystrichosphaeridium
zoharyi, M. ROSSIGNOL, 1962, pp. 132-134,
pl. 2, fig. 10; D. WALL, 1967, p. 110, pl. 15,
figs. 18-20) in the test diameter, thesulcal notch probably at anterior positionof the longitudinal furrows, and the spine
form.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; lower formation in the Ariake Sea area, off
the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula,
Nagasaki Prefecture. Core C-4, depth
11.00-11.50 m. Slide GN 395.

19

Group Acritarcha EviTT, 1963
Subgroup Acanthomorphitae DowNIE,
EVITT, and SARJEANT, 1963
Genus Micrhystridium DEFLANDRE, 1937,
emend. DOWNIE and SARJEANT, 1963
Micrhystridium ariakense n. sp.
Pl. 4, figs. 1-10

Holotype :-Plate 4, fig. 7; test 14x 12.5
f-l; specimen slide GN 478, core A-1, depth

Genus Hystric!wkibotium KLUMPP, 1953
Hystrichokibotium sp.
Pl. 3, figs. 4a-c

Description:-The test is smooth andspherical. The test diameter is 30.8x 28.0
fl· The wall is two-layered (?), about 1 f-l
thick. The processes are broad at thebase and taper rapidly to the tips which
are usually bifurcate or trifurcate. The
processes arise from the junctures of thepolygonal fields. Some processes areinterconnected for a considerable distanceup from the bases by web·like membranes. The processes are about 8 plong
and about 3 f-l wide at the base. No girdle
is present.
Remarks:-The genus Hystrichokiboti·
um was established by B. KLUMPP (1953,
pp. 387-388) under the type species Hystrichokibotium pseudofurcatum from UP·
per Eocene of Wohrden, North W-Germa·
ny. This species is far larger in test sizeand length of processes than the present
species.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; Nagasu Formation (marine silt), near Nagasu
Harbor, Kumamoto Prefecture. Slide GN
615.
Incertae Sedis

16.00-16.20 m, bottom of Ariake Sea.
Diagnosis:-Test originally spherical,
smooth, thin-walled; spines fine and small,straight, with a little conical base; number of spines countless, length of spines
less than 1/10 of the test diameter.
Dimensions:Figs.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Test diameter(p)
16. 7x16. 7
16. 7x15. 0
16.0x14.0
15. 2 X 13.7
11. 1 X 10. 0
13. 5x 9.8
14. 2x12. 5
14.4 X 10. 9
16. 4xll. 4
12. 5x 9. 8

Test wall
(p)
0. 7
0.5
0. 7
0. 7
thin
thin
0.4
thin
thin
thin

Length ofspines (ft)
0.8
0.8
0.9
0. 7
0.8
0. 7
0.9
0.8
0.9
0. 6

Test diameter 11 x 10 f-l to 16.7x 16.7 f-l;test wall 0.5 p±thick (0.4 to 0.7 f.l) ; lengthof spines 0.6 to 0.9 !-'-·
Occurrence :-Lower formation of the
Ariake Sea bottom and Nagasu Formation ; common.
Description:-The test is originallyspherical in outline. The thickness ofthe test wall is less than 5 per cent of
the test diameter. The spines are verysmall, straight, and somewhat broaden
at their point of insertion and their
spacing is regular. The spine bases are
circular, 0.5 f-l or less than 0.5 fl wide.

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

20

The length of spines is constant respectively, less than 1 f1· The surface of thetest between spines is smooth. The test
often folds.
Remarks:- This species is very closely
similar to .Aficrhyslridium minus TAKAHASHI from the Oligocene sandstone of
the Asagai Formation, joban coal-field(K. TAKAHASHI, 1964, p. 203, pl. 30, figs.
2-4; pl. 33, fig. 2), but differs from thelatter in that the present species possesses larger test and stronger spines
than the latter.

J\1icrh_vslridiu m den sum n. sp.

are numerous, simple, and small, 0.7 to 1.7,u. long. Some stronger and larger spines,
1.7 f1 long, are found in the irregular disposition between the numerous small
spines. The larger spine has a little
conical base.
Remarlzs :-The specimen, which was
described as Micrhystridium sp. a fromthe Asagai Formation (K. T AKAHASHl,
1964, p. 206, pl. 30, figs, 5a-b), belongs to·the present species Micrhystridium densum.
This species is also similar to Micrhystridium aria!zense (pl. 4, figs. 1-10),
but the former possesses some stronger
spines which arrange irregularly.

Pl. 4, figs. lla-b

Holotype :-Pl. 4, figs. 11a-b; test 14.6x
13.2 f1; specimen slide GN 346, core C-4,
depth 10.00-10.50 m, bottom of Ariake Sea.
Diagnosis:- Test spherical, smooth,thin-walled ; smaller spines numerous,
stronger spines with a little conical bases
scattered ; length of stronger spine alittle more than 10 per cent of the test
diameter and smaller spines less than 10
per cent of the test diameter.
Dimensions:- Test diameter 13 to 14.6
f1; stronger spines 1.7 f1 long and smaller
spines 0.7 to 0.9 f1long; diameter of conical base of stronger spine 0.8 f1·
Occurrence:- Lower formation of the
Ariake Sea bottom ; uncommon.
Description:- The test is spherical andthin-walled, 0.7 to 0.8 ft thick. The spines

Genus Baltisphaeridium EISENACK, 1958,
emend. DoWNIE and SARJEANT, 1963

Baltisphaeridium sp.
Pl. 3, fig. 5

Description:- The test is smooth, thinwalled, and spherical. The test diameteris 26.7X 24.5 f1· The spines are relatively
strong, straight or somewhat curved, andbroaden somewhat at their point of insertion. The number of spines is numerous. Their length is about 4 to 6 f1 andtheir breadth at the base is 1.8 to 2.2 f1·
Remarks:- The similar species, Baltisphaeridium hirsutum (EHR.) DOWNIE andSARJEANT, 1963 (G. DEFLANDRE, 1937, 26,
p. 78, pl. 13, fig. 8; I. C. COOKSON and------------------------------------------

Explanation of Plate 2
Figs. la-b, 2, 3. Spiniferites ramosus (EHRENBERG) MANTELL
Fig. la. Approximately dorsal view; Nagasu Formation; slide GN 673; x 875.
Fig. lb. Ventra] view; Nagasu Formation; slide GN 673; x875.
Fig. 2.
Approximately dorsal view; Nagasu Formation; slide GN 673; x 500.
Fig. 3.
Ventral view; Nagasu Formation; slide GN 751; x875.
Figs. 4a-b. Hystrichosphaeridium sp. a
Lower formation; core B-2, 17.50-17.60 m in depth; slide GN 234; x 1250.

TAKAHASHI:

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

Plate 2

.575.

Microfossils from Sedirnents of A.riake

N. F. HUGIIES, 1964, p. 55, pl. 10, figs. 1,
2; N. BALTES, 1967, p. 332, pl. 4, figs. 1320), has been recorded from Cretaceous
sediments in some regions of Europe, butdiffers from the present specimen in thetest dimension. The former is far larger
than the present specimen.
Age and .occurrence :-Pleistocene; Nagasu Formation (marine silt), near Nagasu
Harbor, Kumamoto Prefecture. Slide GN-674.
? Baltisphaeridium sp.
Pl. 3, ftgs. 2, 3

Description:- The test is cracked, but-originally spherical. The test diameter
is about 60x 63 p. The numerous spines
are relatively small and straight, andtheir forms are various, that is, spiny,
Ianceolate, and broad cylindrical withcuspidate tip. Only one large spine
possesses attenuate-acuminate tip. The
length of large spine is about 23 p andthe spine base is about 15 p wide. Small.spines are 7 to 9 p long.
Remarks:- The present specimen is·similar to Baltisphaeridium multipilosum~EISENACK) EISENACK (A. EISENACK, 1962,
pl. 3, fig. 8; C. DOWNIE and W. A. S. SARJEANT, 1963, p. 90, size 45-60 p) in theshell size and the form of spine, but theformer possesses two or three kinds ofsmaller spines and one larger spine.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; lower formation of the Ariake Sea bottom,
off the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture ; core A -1, depth
15.80-16.00 m. Slide GN 457.

Subgroup Herkomorphitae DOWNIE,
EviTT, and SARJEANT, 1963
CeniJS Cymatiosphaera 0. WETZEL, 1933,
emend. DEFLANDRE, 1954

21

Cymatiosphaera globulosa TAKAHASHI
Pl. -1, figs. 13a-b
1964. Cy111atiosphaera globulosa T,\KAIJ.\SJJI,
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N.S.,54, p. 210, pl. 30, figs. 6a b, 7a-b.

Description:- The test is spherical andthin-walled, with fifteen or seventeen
polygonal fields. The test diameter isabout 16 p. The width of networks varies
from 6.3 to 7.9 ,u. The spines are relatively slender and short; their length
ranges from 1.7 to 2.5 p. The thicknessof wall is 0.8 p. The networks connect
with the straight line.
Re111ar!?s :-This specimen belongs to
Cymatiosphaera globulosa described by theauthor from the Asagai Formation (Oligocene) (K. TAKAHASHI, 1964, p. 210, pl. 30,
figs. 6a-b, 7a-b). This Pleistocene specimen is larger than the Asagai specimens
in shell diameter.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; upper formation of the Ariake Sea bottom,
off the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture; core B-4, depth
6.50-6.70 m. Slide GN 295.
C)'lllaliosp!wera reticulosa T AKAIIASHI
Pl. 4, figs. 12a-b, 1-Ja b
196'1. Cymatiosphaera reticulosa T,\K.\li.-\SIII,
Trans. Proc. Paiaeont. Soc. japan, N.S.,54, pp. 210-211, pl. 30, figs. Sa-b, 9a-c.

Description:- The test is spherical andthin-walled, with fifteen to twenty polygonal fields divided by the undulate line.
The test diameter is 12.3 to 15 p. The
width of networks is 4.2 to 5.7 ,u. The
relatively short and stout spines arise at
the junctions of net-ridges; their length
varies from 1.8 to 2.3 p. The thicknessof wall is about 0.7 p.
Remar!?s :-The present specimens pos-

22

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

sess the morphological characteristics ofCymatiosphaera reticulosa TAKAHASHI
from the Oligocene Asagai Formation,
Fukushima Prefecture. These Pleistocene
specimens are smaller in size than thosefrom the Asagai Formation.
Age and occurrence :-Pleistocene; lower formation of the Ariake Sea bottom ;core B-1, depth 12.00-14.10 (13.00) m; core
A-1, depth 15.80-16.00 m; off the coast of
Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki
Prefecture. Slides GN 156 and GN 459.
Subgroup Sphaeromorphitae DOWNIE,EVITT, and SARJEANT, 1963
Genus Leiosphaeridia EISENACK, 1958,
emend. DOWNIE and SARJEANT, 1963
Leiosphaeridia globulifera n. sp.
Pl. 5, figs. 1, 2

Holotype :-Pl. 5, fig. 1; body 211.5x
94.5 p.; specimen slide GN 388, core C-4,
depth 11.00-11.50 m, bottom of Ariake Sea.
Diagnosis:- Ellipsoidal bodies with noprocess, collapsed. No pylome. Wallgranular or globular, thin. Both ends
of body often lacking.
Dimensions:- Body 211.5-204 X 94.5-83
p.; wall 0.9 to 1.1 p.; granular or globular
protuberance 1.3 to 1.7 p. high and 1.7 to2 p. wide.
Occurrence:- Lower formation of the
Ariake Sea bottom, off the coast of Kojiro ; uncommon.
Description:- The bodies are ellipsoidaL
in outline. It is very difficult to decide
whether the body is originally sphericaLor not. The length of bodies is morethan twice of the width. The wall is.
very thin, ornamented with numerous.
granular or globular balls or knobs including small ones as well as somewhat
big ones, which are more or less densely
scattered, collapsed and folded. No pylome and no transverse girdle. Bothends of body often lack.
Remarks:- The present species is very
similar to the features of specimens
which were illustrated by A. EISENACK(1958, p. 19, pl. 2, figs. 11-13). Leiosphaeridia sp. (A. EISENACK, 1958, pl. 2, fig. 11)
resembles the present specimens, but the.
former possesses no ornamentation ofball or knob, judging from EISENACK's
photograph (fig. 11).
Incertae Sedis
Formgenus Ovoidites R. POTONIE, 1966·
Ovoidites ellipsoideus n. sp.
Pl. 5, figs. 3-10

Explanation of Plate 3
Figs. la-b. Hemicystodinium cf. zoharyi (RossiG:-iOL) WALL
Lower formation; core C-4, 11.00-11.50 m in depth; slide GN 395; x 500.
Figs. 2, 3. ? Ba!tisphaeridium sp.
Lower formation; core A-1, 15.80-16.00 m in depth; slide GN 457; fig. 2: x 500; fig. 3:
x875.
Figs. 4a-c. Hystrichokibotium sp.
Nagasu Formation; slide GN 615; x 875.
Fig. 5. Baltisphaeridium sp.
Nagasu Formation; slide GN 674; x 1250.
Fig. 6. Hystrichosphaeridium cf. ferox DEFLANDRE
Lower formation; core C-4, 11.00-11.50 m in depth; slide GN 395; x 1250.

TAKAHASHI:

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

Plate 3

..1

la

•

. ·:. .-. >. ~- ·.- ~·.> ...
·-~

•.

...

...,.....".

-·e-.;.

.:!!!

·"'

~.:..:..:...

..

.

57 5.

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

H olotype :-Pl. 5, fig. 5 ; size 120 X 45 ,u ;slide GN 1423, core Ku 1-1d, depth 100cm,
Kuriya River on the boundary between
Kunimi and Ariake.
Diagnosis :-Elongated ellipsoidal tofusiform in outline; exine one or twolayers, ektexine thicker than endexine.
Sculpture fine punctate or rugulate, rarely smooth, and often slenderly reticulate
with lumina elongated in the directionof long diameter of the grain.
Dimensions :-Grain size and thicknessof exine of the figures illustrated in theplate 5.
Figs.

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Short
diameterThicknessof exine

(p)

(p)

(p)

125
122
120
126
132.6
56. 7
87
81

38.4
36
45
58.2
57.8
24. 7
46.3
38

2.8
1.5
2
1.5
2
1.3
2.0
1.5

Long
diameterOccurrence :-Kuriyagawa silt or clay
bed, upper formation in the Ariake Sea
area.
Description:-The grains are elongatedellipsoidal to fusiform in outline. The
length of grains varies from 56.7 to 132.6,u and their width ranges from 24.7 to58.2 ,u. The exine of grains is one or
two layers, 1.3 to 2.8 ,u thick, and theektexine is thicker than the endexine.
The sculpture of exine is very finely
punctate or rugulate, rarely smooth, andoften slenderly reticulate with luminaelongated in the direction of long diameter of the grains. Both ends of grain
are round. A fissure often divides thegrain in half.
Remarks :-Ovoidites is very similar
to Schizosporis in characteristic feature.
Ovoidites ligneolus (POTONIE) differs fromthe present species in sculpture. The

23

latter is more slender in sculpture of
network than the former.
Botanical affinities :-Unknown.
Ovoidites cf. microligneolus KRUTZSCH
Pl. 5, fig. 11

1959. Ovoidites microligneolus KRUTZSCH, Geologie, ]g. 8, Beih. 21;22, p. 254, pl. 49,
figs. 635-637.

Description:-The grain is fusiform.
Its length is about 93 ,u and its width is.
about 47 ,u. The exine of grain is 1.7 ,u:
thick and two layers. The exine sculpture is roughly rugulate, and slender
reticulation with rough lumina in outerlayer. The grain is divided by tear in
half.
Remar!?s :-The present specimen is.
very similar to Ovoidites microligneolus
KRUTZSCH (1959, p. 254, pl. 49, figs. 635637) from the Middle Eocene Geiseltal
seam of Germany. It is difficult to distinguish the present specimen from 0.
microligneolus by the morphological characteristics.
Age and occurrencs :-Pleistocene; upper formation in the Ariake Sea area,.
off the coast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture. Core B-6, depth
11.20-11.30 m. Slide GN 1207.
Botanical affinities :-Unknown.
References
AGASIE, ].M. (1969) : Late Cretaceous palynomorphs from northeastern Arizona. Micropaleontology, 15, 1, 13-50, pis. 1-4.
BALTES, Nicolae (1967) : Albian microplankton from the Moesic Platform, Rumania.
Ibid., 13, 3, 327-336, pis. 1-4.
B03)1(EHHHKOBA, T.<t>. (1967) : 11cKorraeMble nePli.ZJ.HHeHlOpcKI!X, MeJIOBhiX 11 f1aJieoreHOBhiX
0TJIO)I(emlii CCCP. AKa6eMHa HayK CCCP,
CI..\BHpCKOe 0T6eJieHHe, !1HCTHTYT reoJIOf!Ui
H reo<!JH3HKH, 1-224, Ta6. 1-121.

24

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

Ci!URCIIILL, D.M. & SARJEAi'iT, W.A.S. (1962):
Freshwater microplankton from Flandrian (Holocene) peats of southwestern Australia. Grana Palynologica, 3, 3, 29-53.
CooKsOi'i, l.C. & HUGHES, N.F. (1964): Microplankton from the Cambridge greensand (Mid-Cretaceous). Palaeontology, 7,
1, 37-59, pis. 5:..11.
DEFLA:->DRE, G. (1956) : Microfossiles dessilex cretaces. Premiere partie. Ann.
Pateont., 25, 151-191.
- - (1937) : Microfossiles des silex cretaces.
Deuxieme partie. Ibid., 26, 51-103.
Dow:->IE, C. & SARJEAi'iT, W.A.S. (1963): On
the interpretation and status of some hystrichosphere genera. Palaeontology, 6, 1,
83-96.
DmY:-.:IE, C., EviTT, W.R. & SARJEAKT, W.A.S.
(1963) : Dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres,and the classification of the acritarchs.
Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., 7, 3, 1-16.
EISE:-iACK, A. (1954) : Mikrofossilien aus
Phosphoriten des samUindischen Untero!igozans und iiber die Einheitlichkeit derHystrichosphaerideen. Palaeontographica,A, 105, 49-95, Taf. 7-12, 8 Abb.

- - (1958) : Tasmanites NEWTON 1875 undLeiosphaeridia n. g. als Gattungen derHystrichosphaeridea. Ibid., A, 110, 1-1.9,
Taf. 1-2, 3 Abb.
- - (1958) : Mikroplankton aus dem norddeutschen Apt-nebst einigen Bemerkungen iiber fossilen Dinoflagellaten. N. ]b.
Geol. Palaont., Abh., 106, 3, 383-422.
· - - (1962) : Mitteilungen iiber Leiospharen
und iiber das Pylom bei Hystrichosphiiren.
Ibid., 114, 1, 58-80, Taf. 2-4, 2 Abb.
- - (1969) : Bemerkungen zur Systematik
der fossilen Dinoflagellaten. N. ]b. Geol.
Palaont., Mh., 6, 337-343.
EviTT, W.R. (1967) : Dinoflagellate studies.
II. The Archeopyle. Stanford Univ. Publ.
Geol. Sci., 10, 3, 1-82.
FURCKAWA, H. &M!Tst;SHIO, H. (1965): Quaternary system of the Nagasu area, Kumamoto Prefecture. (in Japanese withEnglish abstract). Sci. Rep. Fa c. Sci.,
Kyushu Univ. Geol., 8, 2, 83-100.
Goci!T, Hans (1959) : Mikroplankton aus dem
nordwestdeutschen Neokom. (Teil II).
Palaont. Z., 33, 1;2, 50-89, Taf. 3-8, Tab. 1.
- - (1969) : Formengemeinschaften altter---~~-~~~-~----

Explanation of Plate 4
Figs. 1-10. Micrhystridium ariakense n. sp., x 1250.
Fig. 1. Lowest formation; core B-9, 36.40-36.60 m in depth; slide GN 1275.
Fig. 2. Lower formation; core A-1, 15.80-16.00 m in depth; slide GN 461.
Figs. 3, 7, 10. Lower formation; core A-1, 16.00-16.20 m in depth; figs. 3, 7: slide GN
478; fig. 7: holotype; fig. 10: slide GN 479.
Fig. 4. Nagasu Formation; slide GN 611.
Figs. 5, 6, 9. Lower formation; core A-1, 18.40-18.50 m in depth; figs. 5, 9: slide GN
497; fig. 6: slide GN 498.
Fig. 8. Lower formation; core A-1, 15.00-15.50 m in depth; slide GN 437.
Figs. lla-b. lvficrhystridium de nsum n. sp.
Lower formation; core C-4, 10.00-10.50 m in depth; slide GN 346; x 1250.
Figs. 12a-b, 14a-b. Cymatiosphaera reticulosa T AKAHASIII, x 1250.
Fig. 12. Lower formation; core B-1, 13.00 m in depth; slide GN 156.
Fig. 14. Lower formation; core A-1, 15.80-16.00 m in depth; slide GN 459.
Figs. l3a-b. Cymatiosphaera globulosa TAKAHASHI
Upper formation; core B-4, 6.50-6.70 m in depth; slide GN 295; x 1250.
Figs. 15a-b. Hystrichosphaeridium sp. b
Lower formation; core A-1, 15.80-16.00 m in depth; slide GN 463; x 1250.
Fig. 16. Hystrichosphaeridium cf. tiara KLUMPP
Lower formation; core A-1, 16.00-16.20 m in depth; slide GN 476; x 1250.

TAKAHASHI:

Plate 4Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

4
3

1

r;;

...... ,_!:.----'~
5

10

6

7

lla

llb

9

12a

13a

14a

12b

13b

575.

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

tiaren Mikroplanktons aus Bohrproben;
des Erdiilfeldes Meckelfeld bei Hamburg.
Palaeontographica, B, 126, 1-100, Taf. 111, 49 Abb.
HARLA:\'D, Rex (1968) : A microplankton as.
semblage from the post-Pleistocene ofWales. Grana Palynologica, 8, 2-3, 536554.
KLUYIPP, Barbara (1953): Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Mikrofossilien des mittleren undoberen Eozan. Palaeontographica, A, 103,
377-406, Taf. 16-20, 5 Abb., 1 Tab.
KRUTZSCH, W. (1957) : Sporen- und Pollengruppen aus der Oberkreide und dem
Tertii:ir Mitteleuropas und ihre stratigraphische Verteilung. Z. fiir angewandte
Geol., Heft 11;12, 509-548, Taf. 1-16, 2
Tab.
- - (1959) : Mikropalaontologische (Sporenpali:iontologische) Untersuchungen in der
Braunkohle des Geiselta!es. Geologie, Jg.
8, Beih. 21;22, 1-425, 49 Taf., 38 Abb., 12
Tab.
MAIER, Dorothea (1959) : Planktonuntersuchungen in tertiaren und quarti:iren marinen
Sedimenten. N. ]b. Geol. Paliiont ., Abh.,107, 278-340, Taf. 27-33, 4 Abb., 5 Tab.
MoRGENROTH, Peter (1967) : Mikrofossilien
und Konkretionen des nordwestdeutschen
Untereozans. Palaeontographica, B, 119,
1-53, Taf. 1-11., 1 Tab.
POTONIE, R. (1951) : Revision stratigraphischwichtiger Sporomorphen des mitteleuropi:iischen Tertii:irs. Ibid., B, 91, 131-151.
- - (1960) : Synopsis der Gattungen derSporae dispersae. III Teil. Beilz. Geol.
]b., 39, 1-189, Taf. 1-9.
- - (1966) : Synopsis der Gattungen derSporae dispersae. IV Teil. Ibid., 12, 1244, Taf. 1-15.
RossiGNOL, M. (1961) : Analyse pollinique desediments marins Quaternaires en Israel
I: Sediments Recents. Pollen et spores,
3, 2, 303-324.
- - (1962) : Analyse Pollinique de sediments
marins Quaternaires en Israel II: Sediments Pleistocenes. Ibid., 4, 1, 121-148.
SARJEA1'>T, W.A.S. (1962): Upper Jurassic
microplankton from Dorset, England.
Micropaleontology, 8, 2, 255-268, pis. 1-2.

25

- - (1964) : Taxonomic notes on hystrichospheres and acritarchs. jour. Pal., 38, 1,
173-177.
SARJEA'.'T, W.A.S. & Dow'.'IE, C. (1966) : Theclassification of dinoflagellate cysts above
generic level. Grana Palynologica, 6, 3,
503-527.
STANLEY, E.A. (1965): Upper Cretaceous andPaleocene plant microfossils and Paleocene dinoflagellates and hystrichosphaerids from northwestern South Dakota.
Bull. Amer. Paleontology, 49, 222, 179-38,1,
pis. 19-49.
TAKAIIASIII, Kiyoshi (1964): Microplankton
from the Asagai Formation in the ]iiban
coal-field. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N.S., 54, 201-214, pis. 30-33.
TAKAHASHI, K., KAWASAKI, S. & FU{l'K,\WA,H. (1968) : Quaternary system under thebottom of the Ariake sea and palynology.
(in Japanese with English abstract). Bull.
Fac. Lib. Arts, Nagasaki Univ., Natural
Sci., 9, 33-43, pl. 1.
- - , - - & - - (1969) : Palynostratigraphic
study of the Quaternary formation of the
Ariake Sea area. (in Japanese with English
abstract). Ibid., 10, 49-66.
V ALE'.'SI, L. (1953) : Microfossiles des silex
du Jurassique moyen. Mem. Soc. geol.
France, Nouvelle serie, 68, 1-100.
WALL, D. (1965) : Modern hystrichospheres
and dinoflagellate cysts from the Woods
Hole region. Grana Palynologica, 6, 2,
297-314.
- - (1965) : Microplankton pollen and spores
from the Lower Jurassic in Britain . .\1icropaleontology, 11, 2, 151-190, pis. 1--9.
- - (1967) : Fossil microplankton in deep-sea
cores from the Caribbean Sea. Palaeontology, 10, 1, 95-123, pis. 14-16.
WALL, D. & DALE, B. (1967) : The restingcysts of modern marine dinoflagellates
and their palaeontological significance.
Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 2, 349-354.
- - & - - (1968): Modern dinoflagellate cysts
and evolution of the Peridiniales. Micropaleontology, 14, 3, 265-304, pis. 1-4.
- - & - - (1970) : Living hystrichosphaerid
dinoflagellate spores from Bermuda andPuerto Rico. Ibid., 16, 1, 47-58, pl. 1.

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI

26

Kuriyagawa
NagasuShimabara

AriakeKojiroKunimigf~:t:f-J II

~

1HI

lEJ

}}j(

Explanation of Plate 5
Figs. 1, 2. Leiosphaeridia globulifera n. sp.
Lower formation; core C-4, 11.00-11.50 m in depth; slide GN 388; fig. 1: holotype; x 350.
Figs. 3-10. Ovoidites ellipsoideus n. sp., x 500.
Kuriyagawa silt or clay bed; figs. 3, 4: slide GN 1477; figs. 5-7, 9: slide GN 1423; fig. 8:
slide GN 1441 ; fig. 10: slide GN 1496; fig. 5: holotype.
Fig. 11. Ovoidites cf. microligneolus KRUTZSCHUpper formation; core B-6, 11.20-11.30 m in depth; slide GN 1207; x 500.

TAKAHASHI:

Microfossils from Sediments of Ariake

Plate 58

11

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 81, pp. 27-51, pis. 6, 7, April 20, 1971

576.

NEW ANADARID AND ASSOCIATED MOLLUSCAN FAUNAFROM THE HANEJI FORMATION, OKINA WA-JIMA,RYUKYU ISLANDS*HIROSHI NODA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Anadara O)jjijffiJU:.:CO);jt~~{t::fi!lh::-:::>1t•'"C: i<P*'I!l-:Lj;:£':;0)-:Lj;:$;;t /~ t-="- ~ 7-~il~ ~W-t" 0;: .c il: .
9iQ G:n;-c v•i::o ~1li:"¥=~W!J1EO)f.a!!!!L MAcNEIL (1960) b: Nakoshi Sand c L- '"CllH& -:d-=:~ ~ 1t::filiP:'G J\WO)r~ll ~ct.'J 15m O))Ij. ~ t,r <b -:::>~:'6 :fl:::E c -t" Mt!J.J\WO)iffii1!-t" 0 ;: c ii:~JAJl L-,.:C:hGO)~i!iO)t'fW, Kogachi Member c Nakoshi Sandstone Member t,rf,';"tr HanejiFormation Hfr L- < tJEIIIJ L- t-=:o :Lj;:~ftij)i:l:·f'J:::E c L- '"( Kogachi Member O)J:fu1JtlHY:J:lli~~J'I"J~~~c11t#..t,r.t>~, .:CO)J:~~~;:9£~T.Q:/;J... r:'G9=t~C¥Jft-::lc Kogachi Fauna :fl:~rc6t-::o.
Kogachi Fauna f'i Ana dar a (Hataiarca) kogachiensis n. sp. 7,rf5"tr=t5l~ 13 fill c ~ j':{
7 fill J: ~ t.>: ~, !fit'Jft\!:1JJ)t!J 0)5j5JJ:futmi1HJJ!tq 0) r"Jit'Jilt@;fc~)~!. L-t-::llf~l:- £:, 0 o Haneji Formation rfiM• GJ:'N!llcil•ft--c 0) ~{t::fi!lf~;: J: -:o --c L-1>?~ hM~mO)~)!IiJ; .:CO):'Gt!M :IfH~~~
1tC:J:<-J&L-'"C1t•0C.c7,i::~L-i::o t-He Anadara IC~v•'"Cv'i Kogachi'Member ii•GI'i.
Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis NoDA, n. sp., 7.1:, Nakoshi Sandstone Member i?•
Gf'i Anadara (Scapharca) suzukii (YOKOYAMA) 11v: Anadara (Scapharca) takaoensis (NoMURA) 0) Anadara suzukii Group il:ifEIJ', L ,q:.f~:; .:&V'MltO)l"f)J t.>:=F-il;il, IJ
ct.>:~ '@W-i !J ::$:0) liflll-1Cr-"J-fl'ii~l\1h:::.<Ht ~ :h-0 o Hataiarca f:::Jif; L- c <1::: Jtlfi!ll'j=ljji]fi{!::fJJ.lJ;~O) Anadara (Hataiarca) kakehataensis HATAI and NISIYAlviA IC).iijl.J,-j.Q Anadara(Hataiarca) kogachiensis c O);&~;&V':J}H~till Anadara (Hataiarca) subcrenata (LISCHKE)
Jjft;F.i(i<P*'I!l:Lj;:!i'l;;p]J:fu~~$~5J5JJ:t!J.;f-i-~if~c5Hn-t" 0 ~fi~:=?f-iP Gf'i J!ll'j"t.>: ,L"'.{t::fi,c O):&~:fl:~~i L- t-::f.ifW, .:Ch Gf'iE:fcm¥'!1 L-, !ii1-if-*JU:O) <b O)l: £:> 0 c. c t,r~:iiiilln L-t-::o
!llf

Ill

i)!j

'PJ

dant marine molluscan fossils, some ofwhich have been described by NOMURA
and ZINBO (1936) and Y ABE and HAT AI(1941). The fossiliferous sandstone isunderlain by 20 feet thick, presumably
basal conglomerate at Nakoshi. The Nakoshi Sand is distributed only in the Motobu Peninsula. Rock facies stratigraphically lower than the fossiliferous Nakoshi
Sand (MACNEIL, 1960) have been foundduring the writer's study. The lower
part of the Nakoshi Sand of MACNEIL(1960) consists mainly of basal conglomerate, overlain in upward succession by

Introduction
The stratigraphic unit called the Nakoshi Sand was proposed by MACNEIL(1960) for the sandy and silty facies in
the lower part of the Ryukyu Group(HANZA w A, 1935a) distributed on the Motobu Peninsula in the northern part of
Okinawa-jima. According to MACNEIL(1960), the Nakoshi Sand contains abun-* Received June 30, 1970; read June 27, 1.970,
at the 104th Meeting of the Society held at
lbaraki University, Mito.
27

28

Hiroshi NODA

granular sandstone, thin acidic tuff andmassive greenish gray to deep olive grayfossiliferous siltstone. The basal conglomerate and granular sandstone at Haneji almost correspond to the ·conglomerate at Nakoshi as stated by MACNEIL(1960). The Nakoshi Sand of MACNEIL(1960) is here re-defined because it contains other characteristic rock facies anda newly discovered molluscan fauna bothof which were not described by MACNEIL.
The fauna from the lower part of the
Haneji Formation is characterized by theoccurrence of numerous Ana.dara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis, n. sp. which do notoccur in the Nakoshi Sandstone Member.
Some paleontological features of the Haneji Formation based upon the molluscan
fauna are discussed in this article.

MAcNEIL (1960) for the fossiliferous sandstone distributed around Nakoshi, Hanejison in the Motobu Peninsula, in thenorthern part of Okinawa-jima (Text-fig.
1), where younger Tertiary rocks had been

Acknowledgements

The writer wishes to express his deep
gratitude to Professor Kotora HAT AI of
the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University for his contiguous encouragement
and supervision during the present study.
Acknowledgements are due to Associate
Professor Tamio KoT AKA and Dr. Hisao
NAKAGAwA of the same Institute for
their kind information and discussion on
the biostratigraphy and geology of the
Ryukyu Islands.
Deep thanks are expressed to Mr. Tomohide NOI-IARA of the Department of
Geology, Ryukyu University for his suggestions on the geology in the field andto Mr. Kimiji KUMAGAI of the Tohoku U niversity for photographic work, Thanks
are due to the Ministry of Education of
the Japanese Government for financial
support.
Stratigraphy of the Haneji Formation

The Nakoshi Sand was proposed by

Text-fig. 1.

Index map of the area studied.

recognized by TOKUNAGA (1901, formerly
YOSHIWARA), HANZAWA (1935a) and SHOJI(1968). According to MACNEIL (19601,
the Nakoshi Sand distributed typicallyaround Nakoshi, Haneji-mura, commenceswith basal conglomerate of about 20 feetin thickness and is covered with unconformity by the Ryukyu Limestone andKunigami Gravel. The writer's field survey showed that the "Nakoshi Sand" of
MACNEIL (1960) is composed mainly ofbasal conglomerate, granular sandstone,
acidic tuff, massive siltstone, granularfossiliferous sandstone and limy massive
medium grained sandstone in ascendingorder. These rocks lie upon the Triassic
Formation of ISHIBASHI (1969) and KOBAy ASH! and ISHIBASHI (1970) with unconformity. The weathered reddish brown

576.

Anadarid from Haneji., Okinawa

to reddish gray clay beds at the basal
part of the formation is covered by the"Ryukyu Limestone" or Conglomerate.
From the lithofacies mentioned above the
Nakoshi Sand of MACNEIL (1960) may
better be named the "Haneji Formation".
The Haneji Formation proposed in thiswork is subdivided into two units named
the Kogachi Member and the Nakoshi
Sandstone Member in ascending order(Text-fig. 2) .. The Nakoshi Sandstone Member nearly corresponds to the Nakoshi
Sand of MACNEIL (1960) and its details
will be discussed in another opportunity.
The Kogachi Member is distributed mainly around Kogachi (Type locality), Gabesoga and Nakoshi in Haneji-son (Textfig. 3) and is composed mainly of conglomerate intercalated with granular sandstone, thin acidic tuff and fossiliferous
siltstone. The base of the Nakoshi Sandstone Member is defined by the fossiliGeologic
age

ferous, granular or pebbly, massive, pale
brownish gray to bluish gray sandstone;.
it yielded numerous individuals of browncolored Operculina (HANZA w A, 1935b) andabundant molluscan fossils (NOMURA andZINBO, 1936; YABE and HATAI, 1941). The
Nakoshi Sandstone Member corresponds
to the main part of the Nakoshi Sand of
MACNEIL (1960). The sandstone just mentioned is underlain with light greenish
gray to deep olive gray, massive siltstonewhich yielded numerous individuals of
An adara (Hataiarca) kogachien sis n. sp.,
associated with Ostrea denselamellosa,Umbonium monilijerum decoratum, Batillaria zona/is and others (Table 1). The

sandstone is succeeded downward withpoorly sorted granular sandstone, basal
conglomerate and basal weathered reddish brown clay beds. The basal conglomerate consists mainly of pebble to cobble
size, well rounded to subrounded rocks.
Remarkable fossils

Stratigraphy

Pleistocene"Kunigam:l'Gravelno30 m (-)
NakoshiMemberHaneji

Pliocene29

fossils

Anadara suzukiiAnadara takaoensis
Operculina

35 m (-)

Formation~---------------1~~~~~~~========~---------1
11 Kogachi:.:."'auna 11
Anadara kogachiensis-

Kogachi ],;ember

15 m (-)

Batillaria zonalis
Halobia styrica

Nakijin FormationTrias!,lolluscan fossil

Conglomerate

F <! Sandstone~.Tuffc::::v=' Nodule

1J

Lebensspuren§ 3 Siltstone~ Limestone
Text-fig. 2.

The stratigraphy and columnar section of the northern partof the Motobu Peninsula, Okinawa-jima.

Hiroshi NODA

30

I

r--.,------,-1'''o 0 o o o

JKunigami Gravel" ~~~ Kogachi Member::.'·_=::::.·_:Nakoshi Sandstonef~~~~ I>re-Tertiary.:I · · ... · JMember

.t:

Fault

•

Text-fig. 3.

:

Fossil locality

Geological map and fossil localities.

Qf pre-Haneji Formation age as siltstone,sandstone, graywacke, chert and slate.and is intercalated with loose, very coarse
grained sandstone layers. The Kogachi
Member lies on the reddish brown clay
beds, a weathered product of the so-called
Triassic Formation. The upper part ofthe basal conglomerate grades upward
into coarse to fine grained sandstone intercalated with 20 to 30 em thick acidic
white, and sandpipe-bearing sandy tuffbeds. Some imperfect specimens of Ana.dara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis, Ostrea den.selamellosa, Batillaria zonalis and plantremains were found from the sandy tuff.

The light gray to deep olive gray siltstone facies yielded many individuals of
Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis, Ostrea
denselamellosa, Batillaria zonalis, etc. The
siltstone facies just mentioned lies on
sandy tuff or tuffaceous fine grained sandstone in the vicinity of Kogachi (typelocality of the Member) and Gabesoga
and in the western part of the Motobu
Peninsula* and is covered with the Nakoshi Sandstone Member with conformity* The stratigraphy and plant remains arebeing studied by Mr. Tomohide NoHARA of
the Ryukyu University.

576.
Table 1.

31

Anadarid from Hane}i, Okinawa

Molluscan fossils from the Kogachi Member of the Haneji Formation,
northern Motobu Peninsula, Okinawa-jima.

--------- - - ______Localities

Species

Striarca interplicata (GRABAU and KING)
Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis NoDA, n. sp.
Modiolus sp.
Pteria cf. coturnix (DUNKER)
Pododesmus (Mania) noharai NODA, n. sp.
Ostrea (Ostrea) denselamellosa LrscHKE
Lucina sp.
Codakia (]agonia) okinawazimana NoMURA and ZrNBO
Laevicardium sp.
Fulvia sp.
Macoma (Macoma) praetexta (v. MARTENs)
Clementia (Clementia) vatheleti MABILLE
Gastrochaena grandis (DuNKER)
Umbonium (Suchium) moniliferum decoratum MAKIYAMA
Lunella coronatus granulatus (GMELIN)
Lunella sp.
Batillaria zonalis (BRUGUIERE)
Polinices cumingianus madioenensis ALTENA
Tonna sp.
Nassarius (Zeuxis) caelatus (A. ADAMs)

83

84

109

0

*

0
**

I

114

+

+
+
0
+

0
*

*
*

+

+

0

0
+
+
+
+
+
I

0

+

0

+
+
+
+
+
+
**
+
+

I

0

Abbreviation: **=more than 20 individuals, *=10 to 20 individuals, 0=4 to 10 individuals, +=less than 4 individuals.
Loc. no. 83=Small cliff at Gabesoga, Haneji-son.
Loc. no. 84=Road side cliff between Kogachi and Gabesoga, Haneji-son.
Loc. no. 109=Hill-side cliff, west of Kogachi, Haneji-son.
Loc. no. 114=Small stream side cliff, east of Gabesoga, Haneji-son.

at the localities just mentioned. The siltstone is not distributed around Nago andNakoshi because of the unconformity
between the Nakoshi and the upper Conglomerate+. As stated above, there arethick conglomerates above and at thelower part of the Kogachi Member. The
upper conglomerate is thrust up on the
Nakoshi Sandstone Member at Nakao, inthe northern part of the Motobu Perrin+ This conglomerate, previously treated as
the Kunigami Gravel, needs further study.

sula and faulted at Kogachi and Nakoshi
and at those two localities the conglomerate is intercalated with fine to medium
grained sandstone, acidic white, green
and brown tuff layers (about 40-60 em inthickness) and lignitic siltstone. Thisfacies was hitherto known as the Kunigami Gravel (HANZAWA, 1935a; MACNEIL,
1960; SHOJI, 1968). This conglomerate
covers the Nakoshi Sandstone Member
and Kogachi Member of the Haneji Formation with unconformity. The lower
conglomerate corresponds in part to the32

Hiroshi NODA

lower part of the Kogachi Member andis distributed sporadically in the westernpart of Okinawa- jima. The distributionof the I-Ianeji Formation is restricted
and the strata are nearly horizontal
but with slight dip northeastward.
From the distribution of the I-IanejiFormation and the paleoecological significance of the molluscan fossils, it isconsidered that after a long period of
subaerial erosion and weathering as indicated by the reddish gray to reddish
brown basal clay beds, the pre-existingland now represented by the Motobu
Peninsula submerged gradually and was
flooded by shallow marine waters whichbrought characteristic (Pliocene) Pelecypoda, Gastropoda, decapod crabs and foraminifers into the basinal trough which
was opened towards the north and south
between the land areas of Pre-Tertiary
rocks in the west (NNE-SSW fault represented by crushed graphite zone in
the Mesozoic Formation) and east (detail
relationship unknown). The Kogachi
Member is preserved only in the central
part of the trough but its basal conglomerate or the basal part of the formation
crops out at Yamairihabaru, Biimatabaru
and Yurushida. This distribution indicates that the Early Pliocene I-Ianejimarine transgression extended at least
to the western part of Okinawa-jima but
may not have covered the whole island.
At present, the upper part of the formation is preserved only in the northernpart of Motobu Peninsula.

Geological Age and Faunal Characteristics of the Kogachi Member
The siltstone facies of the Kogachi
Member of the I-Ianeji Formation ischaracterized by the occurrence of numerous, well preserved specimens of

Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis, n. sp.,and Batillaria zonalis associated withthe molluscan fossils shown in Table 1.
Umbonium moniliferum decoratum, Nassarius caelatus, Batillaria zonalis, Striarca interplicata, Ostrea denselamellosa,and Clementia vatheleti listed in Table
1, are known from the Pliocene andyounger geological formations in theJapanese Islands. Umbonium monilijerum
decoratum is restricted to the Pliocene
and the present record is its first from
Okinawa-jima. Numerous molluscan fossils also occur from the Nakoshi Sandstone Member as mentioned by NOMURA
and ZINBO (1936), YABE and HAT AI (1941),
and MACNEIL (1960). From the anadarid
biostratigraphy (NODA, 1965, 1966), theNakoshi Sandstone Member is characterized by the occurrence of Anadara(Scapharca) suzukii, Anadara (Scapharca)
ta!woensis, Anadara (Tosarca) sedanensis
and Striarca interplicata, and was correlated with the zone of Anadara castellataj An adam suzukii in southwesternJapan of Early Pliocene age.
Once the writer stated (NODA, 1965, p. 96,
table 1) that the Nakoshi Sand (MACNEIL,
1960) can be correlated to the Pliocene
Takanabe-Ananai-Kakegawa formations
and to the Formosan Pliocene. This procedure is similar to MACNEIL's (1960)
correlation. As the Kogachi Member iscovered by the Nakoshi Sandstone Member without stratigraphic hiatus, it isconsidered to be a little older than thezone of Anadara castellataj Anadara suzukii.
As shown in Table 1, the Kogachi Member yielded 7 species of Gastropoda and13 of Pelecypoda. They are all shallow
water dwellers and especially, Anadara,
Modiolus sp., Laevicardium sp., Fulvia
sp., 1Hacoma praetexta, and Clementia
vatheleti are infaunal, and Batillaria
zonalis, Polinices cumingianus madioen-

576.

Anadarid from Haneji, Okinawa

ensis and Nassarius caelatus are epifau·
nal species which prefer a muddy bottom. Some of the epifaunal species live
on or near the surface of the muddy
bottom and others burrow shallowly into
the bottom sediments. Pteria coturnix,
Pododesmus and Ostrea denselamellosa
adhere to firm substrata. The ecologicalcharacteristics of the molluscan faunacorrespond with the sedimentary facies.
Namely, the basal part of the HanejiFormation is composed of coarse grainedsandstone and conglomerate and yieldedfrom its middle part Ostrea denselamellosa,
Anadara kogachiensis and Batillaria zonalis, molluscs of embaymental to brackish
water dwellers and plant remains andcrustacean sandpipes from the sandy
siltstone or poorly sorted silty sandstone.
The bed of deep olive gray to lightbrownish gray massive siltstone slightly
higher than the sandstone and conglomerate yielded the species listed in Table
1 ; the molluscan assemblage is named
the Kogachi Fauna. Above the Kogachi
Fauna, there is a fossiliferous sandstonewhich yielded the molluscan fossils described by NOMURA and ZINBO (1936),
Y ABE and HAT AI (1941) and MACNEIL(1960). The molluscan assemblage is associated with numerous individuals of
Operculina and is a pure marine open
sea fauna compared with the Kogachi
Fauna.
Regarding only the anadarids, the Recent species of the subgenus Hataiarca
live in the muddy bottom of shallow
brackish warm water, whereas the species of the Anadara suzu!?ii Group are
the deep water dwellers of the genus
An adara. This characteristic feature isrepresented in the Nakoshi Sandstone
Member by Anadara suzu!?ii and in the
Kogachi Member by Anadara lwgachiensis. Therefore, the succession in faunal development from the lower to the33

upper parts of the Haneji Formationagree well with the sedimentary facies.
The succession and development of thefauna in the upper part of the HanejiFormation is similar to that of the socalled Ryukyu Limestone as will be
discussed in another opportunity. It isinteresting that the Kogachi Fauna is
more intimate with the fauna of midlatitudinal areas than with those of subtropical regions, whereas that of the
Nakoshi Sandstone Member is related tosubtropical faunas.

Remarks on the New Anadarid and
its Related Species
An interesting anadarid from the siltstone of the Kogachi Member of the Haneji Formation is described in this article as Anadara (Hataiarca) lwgachiensis
n. sp. The new species belongs to thesubgenus Hataiarca which was proposed
based upon Anadara lwlcehataensis, an
Early Middle Miocene species describedfrom the Miocene Kurosedani Formationin Toyama Prefecture by HATAI and
NrsrY AMA (1949).
Twelve species ofanadarids are known of the subgenus
Hataiarca, which ranges from Early
Middle Miocene to Recent (NODA, 1966).
The new anadarid is allied to Anadara(Hataiarca) lwkehataensis (type speciesof the subgenus Hataiarca), Anadara
subcrenata (Late Pliocene ? to Recent)and Anadara (Hataiarca) shimonakaensis
HAY ASAKA (1969) originally describedfrom the Miocene Kawachi and Osaki
formations in Kagoshima Prefecture.
Some morphological differences of theabove cited species are illustrated in Textfig. 4, and discussed in later pages. Fromthe statistical figures, the new Pliocene
anadarid resembles the Miocene species
Anadara (Hataiarca) lwlzehataensis inHiroshi NODA

:34
SR

'I.

HI

L

D I

H

LL I L

B I

L

Ul

"iii

c

:c"u
0
Ol
0

=
«

Ul

"iii

c

"0

0
L

~

<i.
0

0c

~
u

.0
:J
Ill

<

Text-fig. 4. Histograms of different statistical relations of Anadara kogachiensis(Pliocene, 43-46 individuals), Anadara kakehataensis (Miocene, 38-42 individuals) andAnadara subcrenata (Pleistocene, 26-27 individuals) ; H=Shell height, L=Shell length,
D=Shell depth, LL=Length of ligament, B=Position of beak from anterior end of shell.

certain important morphological characters (Text-figs. 4, 5, 6).
The species of Hataiarca can be distinguished from other anadarids by thedistinct depressed area extending fromnear the beak to the postero-ventral
margin and by the granulations on the
non-dichotomous, strongly squarish incross section, elevated radial ribs on theanterior part of the right and left valves.
From the granulations on the radialribs stated above, it is inferred that they
represent the burrowing forms of thesubgenus Hataiarca, based upon the observations of the anadarid cultured in
the laboratory. The shell body with
granulated radial ribs on the main partof the left valve and on the anterior
part of the right valve, is found on
anadarids that burrow into muddy bottom sediments, and the non-granulatedpart of the valves represents the parts

exposed above the sea bottom. Therefore
the shell body burrows obliquely, theleft valve below and the right valve up
to the bottom plane. The parts of theshell exposed to the sea bottom arecharacterized by the rather smooth radialribs, mainly of the depressed posterior
area. The granulations of the radialribs are distinct on the immature or
younger stage (medium to small size)
but become obscure in the adult or large
specimens. From the above, the Hataiana species may have burrowed into thebottom sediments during the younger
stage but with growth gradually changed
the mode of life to live in the bottom
sediments exposing nearly half of theshell body.
Regarding the number of radial ribs
(Text-fig. 5), Anadara (Hataiarca) lwgachiensis has 26 in general, the Miocene species Anadara (Hataiarca) kallehataensis is576.

Anadarid from HaneJ"i, Okinawa

35

<I)

'"::sro"

[A]

<d
.....
.....>

%

.....

60

""'0

50

<d
Q

[C]

['3]

%

%

so

50

Q)

b!J

ro

~0

+'

Q
Q)
(.)

30

~
Q)

p..

20
10

Number of radial ribs
[A] Anadara (Hataiarca) koF,achiensis,bB""Valves from the
Haneji Formation.
Radial Indivi- Perribs
duals cent

24
25
26

6
15
37

~~

[C] Anadara (Hatai-arca}SU5cren~~alves from various

localities of Pleistocene formations.
Individuals

8.82!
22.051
54.41
13.23
1.4'1

i
Total 68
Text-fig. 5.

J[B] Anadara (Hataiarca) kakehataensis,
48 valves from var~ous
localities of Miocene
formations.

3
8

11
4
1

99.98

27

The number of radial ribs of the new anadarid and of its related species.
A nadar a ( Hatoiarca)

Anadaro ( Hafaiarca)

Anodaro~)koQochif.nSiti.

E

E

60

E

~~ ~r

~~ '"

...

:t:
<!)

w 30

30

:t:

~

v."

-/'

30

20

20

10

10

10

20

30

40

50

LENGTH in mm.

60

0

: :

o,"·

40

20

~~

"'"'

Cl

'V

:t:

10

E

60

E 50

40

E

ls.ake_hataensi~

E

Cl·

.

0

30
•

~:: ..~"}...'1..\Q..a."~-;"
20 30 4050

LENGTH in mm.

E

~I

60

'\"'i-

UJ'

Cl·

0

~ 1.0
<!)

w3
:t:

20

20

10

Q'

10

r
E

E

subcrenota

70

60

10
10

20

30

LENGTH

40

50

60 70

in mm.

Text-fig. 6. The regressive lines of the new anadarid and of its related species forthe comparisons of each others by the method of least squares. Shell height, length anddepth are measured according to the method of NonA (1966).

36

Hiroshi NODA

provided with 25, and the Recent form,
Anadara (Hataiarca) subcrenata possesses
32 radial ribs. So far as the number ofradial ribs of the species related to Anadara kogachiensis is concerned is there an
increase from the Miocene to Recent. The
shell form indicated by the angle of heightagainst shell length among the allied
species as shown in Text-fig. 6, changes
from aclinal to prosoclinal and this issimilar to the Recent anadarid growthseries. From the data mentioned above,it can be said that Anadara (Hataia1·ca)
kogachiensis is a descendant of the Miocene Anadara (Hataiarca) lwkehataensis
HATAI and NISIYAMA (1949). The Recent
form, Anadara (Hataiarca) su.bcrenata isrelated to the Pliocene species whichhave similar statistical and morphological features as shown in Text-figs. 4, 5, 6.
At least, the series, Anadara kakehataensis-Anadara kogachiensis-Anadara subcrenata may be on the same phylogenetic
trend, and other species related to theabove are expected from the middle tolate Miocene. HAY ASAKA (1969) discovered Anadara (Hataiarca) shimonakaensis
from the Early Middle Miocene Kawachi
Formation and Early Late Miocene Osaki
Formation in Tanega-shima, Kagoshima
Prefecture. The Kawachi Formation
yielded the Vicarya-Anadara fauna andthe Osaki Formation such characteristic
species as Paphia (Paphia) exilis exilis
SHUTO, Clementia nakosoensis KAMADA,
and Cultellus izumoensis jobanicus KANNO. It is noteworthy that there are no
species among the Hataiarca in Japan,
known to cross the Vicarya-Anadarid
faunal stage to extend to the Late Middle
Miocene age up to HAY ASAKA's record.
If similar Hataiarca species with rather
long time range are found, it is expectedthat a more reliable phylogenetic trend-of Hataiarca will be established in theJapanese Islands and in the Indo-Pacificregions.
Descriptions of the Characteristic Species

Family Arcidae LAMARCK, 1809
Subfamily Arcinae LAMARCK, 1809
Genus Striarca CONRAD, 1862
Striarca interplicata (GRABAU
and KING, 1928)
Pl. 6, figs. 6a-7b
1928. Area (Barbatia) interplicata GRABAU
and KING, Educ. Handb. (2), Peking
Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 161, pl. 1, fig. 1. (fide
HABE, 1958)
1920. Area symmetrica (non REEVE), YoKoYAMA, jour. Coll. Sci., Tokyo Imp. Univ.,
vol. 39, art. 6, p. 166, pl. 17, figs. 7-8.
1933. Area (Barbatia) yokoyamai NoMURA,
Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser.,vol. 16, no. 1, p. 41, pl. 1, figs. 3a-d.
1935. Barbatia yokoyamai NOMURA, 0TUKA,
Bull. Earthq. Inst. Tokyo Imp. Univ.,
no. 13, pt. 4, p. 883, pl. 55, fig. 112.
1954. Striarca (Galactella) yokoyamai NoJVIURA, TAKI and 0YA~L'\, Palaeont. Soc.
japan, Spec. Pap., no. 2, pl. 18, figs.
7a-b, Sa-b.
1954. Striarca (Spinarca) interplicata (GRABAU and Kil'\G), KIRA, Col. Illust. Shells
japan, pl. 42, fig. 1.
1958. Striarca (Spinarca) interplicata (GRABAU and KING), HABE, Pub!. Seto Mar.
Biol. Lab., vol. 6, no. 3, p. 255, pl. 12,
fig. 15.
1963. Striarca interplicata (GRABAU andKING), YAMADA, Bull. Mie Univ., Dept.
Lib. Arts, no. 27, figs. 2a-b.
1966. Striarca interplicata (GRABAU andKING), NoDA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
2nd Ser., vol. 38, no. 1, p. 72, pl. 11,
figs. 16-18, table 33.

The present species has been recorded
from the younger Pliocene to Recent inJapan and Formosa. The species was
described in detail by NODA (1966) and576.

Anada1"'id !1·om Haneii, Okinawa

recorded from the Nakoshi Sand of MACNEIL (1960).
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,
siltstone of the Kogachi Member, four
perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS col!. cat. no. 86888.
Subfamily Anadarinae REINHART, 1935
Genus Anadara GRAY, 1847
Subgenus Hataiarca NODA, 1966
Anadard (Hataiarca) kogachiensis

NODA, n. sp.
Pl. 6, figs. 1-5, 8-17Type Locality: Loc. no. 109, West of
Kogachi, Haneji-son, Okinawa-jima.
Depository: IGPS col!. cat. no. 86757,(Holotype); IGPS col!. cat. no. 86756,:86887 (Paratypes).
Shell medium in size, slight discrepancy
between right and left valves, the former
smaller than the latter, ovately rounded,swollen, anterior side narrowly rounded,
posterior side truncated, posterior ventral corner elongated according to posterior depressed area extending from37

beak to posterior ventral corner, ventral
margin smoothly rounded. Beak prominent, strongly incurved, II type of NooA
(1966), and situated at 0.36-0.38 anterior
to shell length. Cardinal profile of joined
shells of both valves is of A type of
REINHART (1943) and NODA (1966), ligamenta! area of III type with A, C or D
type ligamenta! grooves (NODA, 1966).
Teeth arranged vertically to straightligament of III type (NODA, 1966) withfine longitudinal striations on both sidesof teeth; anterior teeth fewer than posterior ones. Both anterior and posterior
muscle scars depressed, the latter larger
than the anterior, A type of NODA (1966).
Inner ventral crenulations rather strong
according to external radial ribs andinterspaces. External surface generallywith 26 radial ribs (Text-fig. 5), strongly
elevated, rather narrow compared withinterspaces, left valve and anterior one
third of radial ribs of right valve granulated, granulations indistinct on backsof other radial ribs, squarish in crosssection and both radial ribs and interspaces sculptured with crowded, fine concentric growth lines.

Dimension of the types (in mm).

Holotype

right
left
Paratype right(IGPS no. 86756)
Paratype rightleft(IGPS no. 86887)

Length=55.9
Length=55.9
Length=57.5

Height=49.9
Height=50.2
Height=47.4

Depth=22.1
Depth=22.7
Depth=21.9

Ribs=26
Ribs=26
Ribs=26

Length=47.1
Length=46.9

Height=40.0
Height=40.8

Depth=19.0
Depth=19.4

Ribs=26
Ribs=26

Comparison and Affinities: The present species resembles Anadara (Hataiarca) kakehataensis HAT AI and NISIY AMA
originally described from the Miocene
Kurosedani Formation in Toyama Prefecture. HAT AI and NISIY AM A's species
is characterized by the narrow umbonal;angle, strongly depressed posterior areaand 24-25 radial ribs (Text-fig. 5) anddiffers from the present new species asshown ir: Text-figs. 4, 5, 6.
At a glance of the histogram (Text-fig.
4), Anadara (Hataiarca) lwgachiensis canbe distinguished from the Miocene species An. (Hataiarca) lwlwhataensis in theratios of D/H, LL/L and B/L. The ratio

38

Hiroshi NODA

of H/L of both species is nearly similar
yet slightly smaller in the new species
compared with An. (Hataiarca) kakehataensis. Although the ratio of H/L of thespecies is nearly equal, the small ratiosof D/H and LL/L of An. (H.) kakehataensis artd An. (H.) kogachiensis imply
that the depth of the shell and the lengthof the ligament of the latter are small
compared with An. (H.) kakehataensis.
The B/L of both species shows that thebeak of An. (H.) kakehataensis is situatedmore anteriorly thart in An. (H.) kogachiensis. The radial ribs number 26 in
maximum mean value in the new species
and 25 in kakehataensis. The differei1ces
cited above between the two species are
only statistical and they bear no resemblance in their external form in theirimmature stage as Shown in pl. 6, figs.
1-5, 11-14. The immature An. kogachiensis reSembles Ait. (Hataiarca) subcrenata (LrsCHKE). An. (Hataiarca) subcrenata
is another speeies allied to kogachiensis
but it differs from the new species inhaving more radial ribs. However, it isthought that An. kogachiensis is relatedwith An. kakehataensis (Early M'iddle
Miocene species) and the Recent An. subcrenata. The interrelation of the three
species is indicated by the angle between
the sheli height against shell length ; An.
lzakehataensis shows the angle of 42•,
An. kogachiensis 41• and An. subcrenata40•. There are few discrepancies among
the three specie3 but the angle just mentioned becomes smaller from the lower tothe upper horizon. This developmentfrom the aclinal form to the prosoclinalform in growth series is also recognizedin the Anadara suzukii group. The relative growth of the shell is known in
Recent species and the same relation isevident chronologically as already pointed out by NonA (1965, 1966) in the Anar!ara suzukii and othP.r groups.

Localiiy and Forriiatioit: Loc. no. 83,
Loc. no. 84, Loc. no. 109, Loc. no. 114, siltstone of the Kogachi Member, many wellpreserved specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. nos. 86756,
86757, 86759, 88063, 88064.

Family Mytilidae RAFINESQUE, 1875
Genus Modiolus RODING, 1798
Modiolus sp.
Pl. 7, fig. 15

A small right valve is at hand. Shelt
fragile, interior pearly, ovately elongatedin form, posterior blunt ridge extends
from near beak to elongated posterior
ventral corner; concentric fine growthlines cover the surface. Modiolus nipponensis OYAMA resembles the present
species but differs in having wider posterior ridge.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,
siltstone of the Kogachi Member, onerather perfect specimen.
Depository: IGPS roll. cat. no. 86760.

Family Pteridae BRODERIP, 1839
Subfamily Pterinae BRODERIP, 1839
Genus Pteria ScoPOLI, 1777
Pteria cf. coturnix (DUNKER, 1882)
Pl. 7, fig. 16

Compared with:
1882. Avicula coturnix DUNKER, Index MolL
Mar. jap., p. 288, pl. 10, figs. 1-2.

Pteria is a rare in the Neogene formations of Japan and in Okinawa. It has
been recorded from the Ryukyu Lime•stone of Kikai-jima, Ryukyu Islands (NoMURA and ZINBO, 1934). The present

576.

Anadarid from HaneJ·i, Okinau·a

species is conferable with Pteria coturnix(DUNKER, 1882) originally described fromthe Recent sea of Japan. The left valveof the species at hand is characterized
by its trapezoidal form, acute and narrowanterior border, elongate and expanded
posterior border, concaved anterior ventral margin, rounded posterior ventral
one, swollen form near umbo to posterior
ventral corner, both inflated extremities,
straight and long hinge-line, small andprominent beak situated at one fourthfrom anterior of shell length, posterior auricle not well preserved, and shell surface
rather smooth with very fine concentric
growth lines with faint radial striations
on anterior part and mottled colorations.
The present species resembles the Recent species Pteria zebra (REEVE, 1858),
in form except for the posterior auricle
and shape of the postero-ventral curvature. Pteria tomlini PRASHAD (1932) isanother species allied to the present one
and is of similar shell form but differsfrom the present one in having narrower
anterior border and roundly wider posterior side and in the pattern of coloration. Pteria n. sp. illustrated by OYAMA(1959, Pteria (3), fig. 1) from the sea of
Amakusa, Kyushu is allied to the present species in shell outline but differs inhaving wider anterior part and moreswollen umbonal area.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 84,
siltstone of the Kogachi Member, one
nearly perfect specimen.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86761.
Family Anomiidae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Genus Pododesmus PHILIPPI, 1837
Subgenus Mania GRAY, 1849
Pododesmus (Mania) noharai NODA, n. sp.
Pl. 7, fig. 17

39Type Locality: Loc. no. 109, West of
Kogachi, Haneji-son, Okinawa- jim a.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86762(Holotype).
Shell pearly, flimsy, medium to large
in size. Subround to elongate in form.
Ventral margin irregularly rounded, dorsal margin rather smooth but elongatedor narrowly inclined below. External
shell rather smooth at umbonal area,
very fine, irregular, radially elevatedwrinkles on surface and finer striations
but indistinct between them on ventral
margin, whole surface with undulated
growth lines. Umbonal area rather flat,beak low and small, cardinal crura andcardinal area indistinct. Inner surface
smooth, pearly bright, inner ventral margin smooth, two muscle scars posteriorly, well depressed.
Dimension of Holotype (in mm).
Length=55.2, Height=58.1, Depth=11.8
Comparison and Affinities: The present new species is distinguished from
Pododesmus (Mania) macroschismus DESHA YES (REEVE, 1859) by not having distinct radial ribs on the external surface.
Pododesmus (l'vfonia) macroschismu s fromthe Upper Pleistocene San Pedro Series,
California illustrated by GRANT and GALE
(1931, p. 241, pl. 12, figs. 3-4b) differsfrom the original species, in having
rather faint regular radial ribs. Pododesmus (Mania) macroschismus ezoana
originally described from the Pliocene
Setana Formation in Hokkaido (KANEHAI~A, 1942) resembles the present new
species rather than REEVE's (1859) species mentioned above but the latter has
more faint wrinkly radial striations than
the former. Mania denselineata HAT AI,
MASUDA and SuzuKI (1961) describedfrom the Pliocene Hamada Formation in
Aomori Prefecture resembles the present
new species in the faint, dense radialstriations on the external surface but

Hiroshi NODA

40

differs in having faint radial irregularribs and fainter striations between them.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 84,
Loc. no. 109, Loc. no. 114, siltstone of the
Kogachi Member, several perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. nos. 86763,
88065, 88066.

Family Ostreidae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Genus Ostrea LINNAEUS, 1758
Subgenus Ostrea LINNAEUS, 1758
Ostrea (Ostrea) denselamellosa

LISCHKE, 1869
Pl. 7, figs. 10, 18
1869. Ostrea

denselamellosa LISCHKE, jap.
Meeres Conch., Bd. 1, p. 177-179, pl. 13,
figs. a-b, pl. 14, fig. l.
1874. Ostrea denselamellosa LISCHKE, LiscnKE, jap. Meeres. Conch., Bd. 3, p. 114115.
1906. Ostrea denselamellosa LISCHKE, ToKuNAGA, jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 68, pl. 4, fig. 6.
1926. Osfl·ea denselamellosa LISCHKE, YoKoYA~1A, jour. Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo,
Sec. 2, vol. l, pt. 9, p. 375, pl. 43, fig. 11.
1929. Osfl·ea denselamellosa LISCHKE, WAKIYA, japan. jour. Zool., vol. 2, no. 3, p.
366, pl. 9, figs. 3-4.
1930. Ostrea denselamellosa LISCIIKE, KuRoDA, Venus, vol. 2, append. p. 49, fig. 55.
1930. Ostrea denselamellosa LISCHKE, HIRASE, japan. jour. Zool., vol. 3, no. 1, p.
5-18, figs. 4-30.
1933. Osti-ea denselamellosa LISCHKE, No~m­
RA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2ndSer., vol. 16, no. 1, p. 46-47, pl. 4, fig. 6.
1951. Ostrea' (Ostrea) denselamellosa LISCHKE, HABE, Genera jap. Shell., no. 1,
figs. 187-188 on p. 92.
1961. Ostrea (Ostrea) denselamellosa LISCHKE, HAYASAKA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
2nd Ser., vol. 33, no. 1, p. 34.

1963. Ostrea denselamellosa

LISCHKE, KIRA,

Col. Illust. Shells, japan, p. 127, pl. 50,
fig. l.
1965. Ostrea denselamellosa Lrsci-IKE, HABE
and ITo, Shell. World, Col., vol. 1, p.
126, pl. 42, fig. 10.
1967. Ostrea denselamellosa LISCHKE, HABE
and KosuGE, Moll. Shells, p. 137, pl.
51, fig. 9.

This species was originally describedon the specimens from Tokyo bay andNagasaki by LISCHKE in 1869. It is characterized by having the external sculpture
different on the right and left valves.
The left valve is sculptured with irregular concentric growth lamellae and radialribs and the right with rather smoothconcentric growth lines only. The inner
ventral margin of the left valve is sometimes crenulated according to the surface
radial ribs; the margin is smooth in theright valve. Resilifer pit of the left
valve is larger than that of the right.
Along the ligament of the right valve,small crenulations are observed but noneon the left valve.
The present species was collected fromthe siltstone facies of the Kogachi Member of the Haneji Formation. The species is known from the Pliocene to Pleistocene formations in the Kwanto region
where crowded or intact shells are
known to occur. This species is variable in form. It is an important species
as an indicator of the ecology. The
coloration, inner features and morphological variations have been describedby L!SCI-IKE (1869, 1874). LISCHKE (1874)
described that Ostrea auriculata SOWERBY in REEVE (1871, Conch. Icon., Ostrea sp.,
p. 60, pl. 25, figs. 60a, b, c) which was described three years after LISCHKE's (1869)
denselamellosa resembles his species andhe questioned it as a synonymous species
in his description (1874). KURODA (1930)
listed SOWERBY's species as a synonym

576.

Anadarid frorn Haneji, Okina1ca

of LISCHKE's (1869) species without reason.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 83,
Loc. no. 84, Loc. no. 109, Loc. no. 114,
siltstone of the Kogachi Member, many
well preserved specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. nos. 86764,

41

is distinguished from the present species
by the blunt radial ribs on the shellsurface.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 83,
Loc. no. 109, siltstone of the Kogachi
Member, numerous perfect intact shellsDepository: IG PS coli. cat. no. 86765.

88067.

Family Cardiidae LAMARCK, 1809
Family Lucinidae FLEiVIING, 1828

Genus Laevicardium SWAINSOJ\, 1840

Genus Codakia SCOPOLI, 1777

Laevicardium sp.

Subgenus jagonia R:ECULZ, 1946

Pl. 7, fig. 11

Codakia (jagonia) olzinawazimana

One imperfect right valve was examined. The shell is characterized by thehigher than long (Length 29.4 mm, Height34.7 mm), strong, prosoclinal form, sculptured with flat-topped, elevated radialribs and narrow rather smooth interspaces, small, prominent beaks, two small
cardinal teeth, and internal ventral margin crenu lated according to external
sculptures.
The present species is comparable with
Laevicardium biradiatum (BRUGUIERE), a
Recent species and recorded from the
Nakoshi Sand of MACNEIL, 1960 (=Nakoshi Sandstone Member) by NOMURA
and ZINBO (1936) but unfortunately thestate of preservation of the present species does not permit a close comparison_
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,
siltstone of the Kogachi Member, one
imperfect specimen.
Depository: IG PS coli. cat. no. 86766.

NOMURA and ZINBO, 1936
Pl. 7, figs. 9a-9b
1936. Codakia okinawazimana NOl\oJURA and
ZI:-.;Bo, Sci. Rep., Tolwku Imp. Univ.,
2nd Ser., vol. 16, no. 1, p. 241, pl. 11,
figs. 9a-b.

The present species was proposed basedon the specimens collected from the Simaziri Beds (Nakoshi Sandstone Member)at Gabesoga, Haneji-son by NOMURA
and ZINBO (1936). The present species issmall in size, generally 3-5 mm in shelllength and is characterized by its inequilateral subrounded form, fine concentric
growth lines crossed with slightly elevated, fine ribs being distinct on both
extremities but indistinct on central partof the surface, fine crenulations on inner
margin of shell, and anterior muscle
scar large and long, posterior one rounded, small cardinal teeth and rather distinct lunule in front of small prominent
anteriorly curved beak. The present
species resembles Codakia divergens PHILIPPI, 1850 in shell form but differs inhaving strong lateral teeth, and indistinct radial ribs on the central part ofshell. Codakia paytenorum (IRED ALE, 1927)

Genus Fulria GRAY, 1853
Fulvia sp.
Pl. 7, fig. 8

One imperfect left valve was collectedfrom the siltstone of the Kogachi Mem-Hiroshi NODA

42

ber. The species is characterized by theroundly swollen, thin shell with indistinctly elevated radial ribs and small
prominent beak. Fulvia mutica (REEVE,
1843), a Recent species of japan resembles the present species in shell formand external sculpture but the state ofpreservation of the present species does
not permit identification.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,
siltstone of Kogachi Member, one imperfect specimen.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86767.

rostrated posterior characters are thefeatures of the species named by MARTENS (1865). Macoma incongrua (V. MARTENS) resembles the present species but
has a higher shell.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 84,
Loc. no. 109, siltstone of the Kogachi
Member, two rather perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86768.

Family Tellinidae BLAINVILLE, 1824

Genus Clementia GRAY, 1840

Genus Macoma LEACI-I, 1819

Subgenus Clementia GRAY, 1840

Subgenus Macoma LEACH, 1819

Clementia !Clementia) vatheleti

Family Veneridae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Subfamily Clementiinae FRIZZELL, 1936

MABILLE, 1910
Macoma (Macoma) praetexta(V. MARTENS, 1865)
Pl. 7, fig. 12
1865. Tellina praetexta MARTENS, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., 3rd Ser., val. 16, p. 430.
1871. Tellina praetexta MARTENS, LrsCHKE,
jap. Meeres. Conch., Bd. 2, p. 113, pl.
10, fig. 14.
1922. Macoma praetexta (MARTENS), YorwYA:VIA, jour. Coil. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Sec. 2, val. 44, art. 1, p. 142, pl.
10, figs. 2-3.
1954. Macoma praetexta (MARTENs), T AKI
in HrRASE, Illust. Handb. Shell. Nat.
Col., pl. 45, fig. 2.
1961. Macoma (Macoma) praetexta (v. MARTENS), HAY AS AKA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku
Univ., 2nd Ser., val. 33, no. 1, p. 58-59,
pl. 7, figs. lOa-b.
1963. Macoma praetexta (v. MARTENS), KrRA,
Col. lllust. Shells, japan, p. 155, pl. 59,
fig. 16.
1967. Macoma praetexta (v. MARTENs), HABE
and KosuGE, Moll. Shells, p. 163, pl. 61,
fig. 23.

The subelongated shell and somewhat

Pl. 7, fig. 13
1901. Clementia vatheleti MAI3ILLE, Bull. Soc.
Philos. Paris, Ser. 8, no. 3, p. 57. (fide
JUKES-BROWNE, 1913)
1913. Clementia vatheleti MABILLE, JuKESBROWNE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th Ser.,val. 12, p. 61-62, pl. 1, figs. 3-4.
1927. Clementia vatheleti MABILLE, MAKIYAMA, Mem. Coll. Sci., Kyoto Imp. Univ.,
Ser. B, val. 3, no. 1, p. 45.
1937. Clementia vatheleti MABILLE, NoMURA,
japan. jour. Geol. Geogr., val. 14, p.

72.
1941. Clementia (Clementia) vatheleti MABILLE, YABE and HAT AI, Ibid., val. 18, nos.
1-2, p. 74-75, pl. 7, fig. 4.
1951. Clementia (Clementia) vatheleti MABILLE, HABE, Genera jap. Shells, no. 2, p.
185, fig. 423 on p. 183.
1959. Clementia vatheleti MABILLE, Y AMAMOTO and HABE, Bull. Mar. Biol. Stat.
Asamushi, Tohoku Univ., val. 9, no. 3,
p. 99, pl. 7, fig. 14.
1961. Clementia (Clementia) vatheleti MAI3ILLE, HAYASAKA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
2nd Ser., val. 33, no. 1, p. 51, pl. 6, figs.
7a-b.

576.

Anadarid from Ha?wJ·i, Okinawa

1965. Clementia vatheleti MABILLE, KASE:>;Oand MATSUURA, Sci. Rep., Kanazawa
Univ., vol. 10, no. 1, pl. 16, figs. 5-6.

The present species is characterized
by its thin shell, swollen ovately round·ed form, nearly straight posterior dorsal
margin, broadly rounded ventral margin,
and concentric growth lines, somewhat
wavy at the umbonal area to middle partof the external surface but dense near
the ventral margin.
Clementia nakamurai 0TUKA (1938),
Clementia kokozuraensis KAMADA (1962)
and Clementia papyracea (GRAY) (SHUTO,
1960) are known from the Japanese Miocene formations. Clementia vatheleti
which was once referred to the subgenus
Egesta CONRAD, 1845 by WOODRING in
1926, has been recorded from the silty
facies of the Pliocene formations in theJapanese Islands and ranges to the Recent. The present species resembles
Clementia papyracea of SOWERBY (1855),
VREDENBURG (1928) and SHUTO (1960) in
the characteristic external concentric
growth lines but differs from the species in having elongated shell form andlong posterior dorsal margin and widelyrounded ventral margin. Clementia papyracea according to SHUTO (1960) is
variable in shell form. The American
Miocene species Clementia inoceriformis(WAGNER, 1839) of WOODRING (1926) resembles the present species in its shellform and pallial sinus but differs inhaving less strongly elevated growthlines near the ventral border. WooDRING (1926) pointed out that Clementia
lives on muddy-bottoms of shallow warm
water regions.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 84,
Loc. no. 109, siltstone of the Kogachi
Member, three rather perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 86769.

43

Family Trochidae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Subfamily Umboniinae PILSBRY, 1886
Genus Umbonium LINK, 1807
Subgenus Suchium MAKIY AMA, 1924
Umbonium (Suchium) monilijerum
decoratum MAKIY AMA, 1924
Pl. 7, figs. 6a-7c
1924. Umbonium (Suchium) decoratum MA!(]Y AMA, japan. jour. Ceo/. Ceo gr., vol.
3, nos. 3-4, p. 130, pl. 20, fig. 8.
1935b. Umbonium (Suchium) moniliferum decoratum MAKIYAMA, SuGIYAtv!A, jour.
Geol. Soc. japan, vol. 42, no. 503, p. 467468, pl. 11, fig. 26; fig. 30 on p. 467.

The present species was first describedfrom the Naganuma Beds in Kanagawa
Prefecture by MAKIY AMA (1924) ; it ischaracterized by its broad basal callus,
basal spiral striations, five to six spiralgrooves on a whorl and roundly elevated
12-14 tubercules on the penultimate subsutural band. SUGIYAMA (1935a) examined numerous Recent specimens of Umbonium moniliferum and Umb. costatum
and concluded that both species resemble each other in having roundly elevatedtubercules on the subsutural band andbasal striations in some specimens but
in general both have no tubercules orbasal spiral striations. Though MAKIYAMA (1924) described Umb. (Suchium)decoratum as a new species based upon
the roundly elevated tubercles and basal
striations, large basal callus and inflatedshell, it should be lowered to subspecificrank of moniliferum according to theexamination of Umb. monilijerum by SuGIYAMA (1935a). The present specimensfrom the siltstone facies of the Kogachi
Member are the first record from Okinawa-jima. These specimens have 16 or
17 rounded tubercles on the penultimate

Hiroshi NODA

44

subsutural band, in spite of the 12-14 on
Umb. monilijerum.
Suchium jyoganjiense, allied to the present subspecies was originally describedfrom the Miocene Kurosedani Formationin Toyama Prefecture by FUJII (1963).
It is characterized by the small size,
roundly elevated tubercles on the subsutural band and basal spiral striations
but differs from the present subspecies
in having narrow basal callus and fewer
tubercles.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 84,
Loc. no. 109, siltstone of the Kogachi
Member, two perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS col!. cat. no. 86770.
Family Turbinidae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Subfamily Turbininae RAFINESQUE, 1815
Genus Lunella RODING, 1798
Lunella coronatus granulatus(GMELIN, 1875)
Pl. 7, figs. 5a-5b
1922. Turbo (Marmorostoma) granulatus GME·
LI:\', YoKOYAMA, jour. Coli. Sci., Imp.
Univ. Tokyo, Sec. C, vol. 44, art. 1, p.
107, pl. 5, fig. 10.
1954. Turbo coronatus granulatus GMELIN,HIRASE, Illust. Handb. Shell. Nat. Col.,pl. 74, fig. 2.
1961. Lunetta coronatus coreensis (RECULZ),
HAYASAKA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
2nd Ser., vol. 33, no. 1, p. 70, pl, 9, figs.
22a-b.
1963. Lunetta coronatus coreensis (RECULZ),KIRA, Col. lllust. Shell. japan, p. 23,
pl. 11, fig. 9.
1967. Lunetta coronata (G:viELIN), HABE and
KosuGE, _Moll. Shells, vol. 3, p. 20, pl.
9, fig. 30.

The present species is known fromthe southern seas of japan, the Ryukyu
Islands and from the Pliocene to Pleis-

tocene formations of japan. The species.
is characterized by three bands of smallbeads on each whorl and 15-16 large
tubercles just below the suture line fromthe second whorl, becoming small to·large but· indistinct on the younger
whorls. The shoulder of the body whorl
is rather strong, with prominent tuberculous keel. Base with two or threestrongly elevated spiral tubercular bands.
and two or three internal spiral bands.
of small beads. Umbilicus slightly swollen
and deeply open. Parietal callus smooth,narrow, aperture subcircular.
The present species resembles Lunella
coronatus coreensis (R:ECULZ) (TRYON,
1888) in shell form but the former has
more distinct tubercles and beaded structures on the external surface and thelatter has only spiral ribs and weakbeaded sculpture. Lunella sp. from the
Kogachi Member differs from the present subspecies in having more distinct
tubercles on the shell surface, consistingof three rows of distinct tubercular bandson the body whorl except for the strong
tubercles just below the suture lines.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,
siltstone of the Kogachi Member, one
perfect specimen.
Depository: IGPS col!. cat. no. 8677L
Lunella sp.
Pl. 7, figs. 4a-4b

Shell pearly, thick, medium in size,
younger whorls rather flat, low, bodywhorl ratherswollen. Each whorls withthree or two rows of small granularbeads and strong tubercles just below
the suture lines from the second or third
whorl. From half of penultimate whorl,
strong tubercular bands begin and develop along shoulder of body whorl. Basewith three strongly rounded tubercular

576.

Anadarid from Haneji, Okinawa

bands and two or three interstitial rowsof beads. Aperture subcircular in form,
parietal callus stout and umbilicus narrowly open. Apertural part slightly
broken but measures 15.5 in height and16.2 in width in mm.
The present species seems to be new
to science but is left un-named because
only a single specimen is at hand. The
species differs from the other subspeciesof Lunella coronatus in having strong
tubercles on the external shell. HABE
and KosuGE (1967) mentioned that theumbilical opening· in Lunella coronatus(GMELIN) at the immature stage is open
but becomes closed at the adult stage.
An examination of many individuals of
the species and subspecies preserved in
the collection of our Institute showedthat the umbilical opening is an important
subspecific character because in the present case the umbilicus was observed to
be opened in many mature forms andclosed in the immature specimens, andin other subspecies the umbilicus was
closed at both the immature and mature
stages. Except for the feature justmentioned, the subspecies of Lunella
coronatus are variable in shell features,
therefore they should be treated carefully.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,
siltstone of the Kogachi Member, one
perfect specimen.
Depository: IGPS coll. cat. no. 86797.
Family Potamididae COSSMANN, 1906
Genus Batillaria BENSON, 1842
Batillaria zona/is (BRUGUIERE, 1792)
Pl. 7, figs. 2-3
1855. Cerithium zonalis BRUGUIERE, SmYERBY, Thes. Conch., vol. 2, p. 884, pl. 185,
figs. 264-265.

45

1858. Lampania zonalis BRUGUIERE, H. and
A. ADA:VIS, Gen. Res. Moll., vol. l, p.
289, pl. 30, figs. 5-5a.
1866. Lampania zona/is BRUGUII~RE, REEVE,
Conch. I con., vol. 15, pl. 1, figs. 5a-c.
1869. Lampania zona/is LAMARCK, LISCIIKE,
japan. Meeres Conch., vol. 1, p. 73-74,
pl. 6, figs. 15-16.
1887. Potamides (Lampania) zona/is BRUGUI·ERE, TRYOX, Man. Conch., vol. 9, p.
167, pl. 34, figs. 3-4.
1924. Potamides (Batillaria) zona/is BRUGUIERE, YoKOYA'viA, jour. Coil. Sci., Imp.
Univ. Tokyo, vol. 45, art 1, p. 20-21,
pl. 5, fig. 18.
1935. Batillaria zona/is (BRUGUIERE), NoMuRA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2ndSer., vol. 18, no. 2, p. 186-187, pl. 9,
fig. 17.
1954. Batillaria zona/is (BRuGUIERE), T AKI
in l-IIRASE, Illust. Handb. Shell. Nat.
Col., pl. 84, fig. 14.
1961. Batillaria zona/is (BR UGUIERE), I-!A Y A·
SAKA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser.,vol. 33, no. 1, p. 70-71, pl. 9, fig. 7.
1967. Batillaria zonalis (BRUGUIERE), I-!ABE
and KosuGE, Moll. Shells, p. 34, pl. 13,
fig. 18.

Several Recent Batillaria species are
known from around the Japanese Islands.
They are variable in external form as
pointed out by NAGASAWA (1962, 1963)
and KOTAKA and HAYASAKA (1956). The
batillarids collected from the siltstonefacies of the Kogachi Member are characterized by having rather distinct tubercles below the suture lines, they are
distinct on the lower whorls but change
into longitudinal folds on the younger
whorls. The specimens illustrated by
SOWER BY (1855), REEVE (1866) and TRYON(1887) have rather indistinct tubercles
and spiral bands, whereas the specimens
figured by LrscHKE (1869) are quite similar to the one from Kogachi and thoseshown by YOKOYAMA (1924), NOMURA(1935), T AKI in HIRASE (HIRASE, 1954).
and HABE and KOSUGE (1967) may be

46

Hiroshi NODA

identified with one of MACNEIL's (1960)
Batillaria cf. zonalis from the Yontan
Limestone in Okinawa-jima. Among
more than 20 specimens examined none
were of the smooth type and all had<l.i::ltinct tubercles. The present species<l.iffers from Batillaria cumingi and Bat.
multiformis in having distinct tubercles
and in the form of the aperture.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 83,
Loc. no. 84, Loc. no. 109, all from thesiltstone of the Kogachi Member, many
perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. nos. 86746,
86798, 88068.
Family Naticidae FORBES, 1838
Subfamily Polinicinae MONTFORT, 1817
Genus Polinices MONTFORT, 1810
Polinices cumingianus madioenensis
ALTENA, 1941
Pl. 7, fig. 14
1941. Polinices (Polinices) cumingianus var.
mat/.ioenensis ALTENA, Leides Geol. Mededel., vol. 12, p. 58, fig. 18.
1960. Polinices cf. cumingianus madioenensis
ALTENA, MAcNEIL, U.S. Geol. Surv.,
Prof. Pap., 339, p. 53, pl. 2, fig. 19, pl.
13, fig. 1.

The present species resembles Polinices hyugaensis SHUTO (1964) from theMiddle Miocene to Lower Pliocene Miyazaki Group in Miyazaki Prefecture but
the latter differs from the former by theshape of its umbilicus. The present species is characterized by its strong parietal
callus extending backward with shallow
furrows; oblique to the inner lip. The
lower half of the umbilicus is opened
and there are regular spiral growth lines()n the shell -surface.
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,

siltstone of the Kogachi Member, twonearly perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 90767.
Family Nassidae COSSMANN, 1901
Genus Nassarius DUMERIL, 1805
Subgenus Zeuxis H. and A. ADAMS, 1853
Nassarius (Zeuxis) caelatus(A. ADAMS, 1851)
Pl. 7, figs. 1a-1b1851. Nassa caelata A. ADAMS, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, pt. 19, p. 97.
1928. Nassa (Hinia) verbeeki MARTIN, YoKoYAMA, Rep., Imp. Geol. Surv. japan,
no. 101, p. 40, pl. 2, figs. 9, 13.
1935. Nassarius (Zeuxis) caelatus (A. ADAMs),
NoMURA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ.,
2nd Ser., vol. 18, no. 2, p. 152.
1935. Nassarius (Zeuxis) caelatus (A. ADAMS),OTUKA, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Tokyo
Imp. Univ., no. 13, pt. 4, p. 871, pl. 52,
fig. 44.
19.36. Nassarius (Alectrion) caelatus (A. ADAMs), NoMURA and ZINBO, Sci. Rep.,
Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser., vol. 18,
no. 3, p. 256, pl. 11, fig. 24.
1960. Nassarius (Niotha) caelatus (A. ADAMS),
MAcNEIL, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap.,
339, p. 79, pl. 13, fig. 30.
1963. Nassarius (Zeuxis) caelatus (A. ADAMS),
KIRA, Col. Illust. Shells, p. 73, pl. 28,
fig. 16.

The present species has been describedfrom the younger Pliocene to Recent inJapan and Formosa. This species fromthe siltstone of the Kogachi Member
consists of specimens that are well preserved but unfortunately lack the protochonch which is an important character
for identification (SHUTO, 1969). From
the apertural features and external sculpture the present specimens are referred
to NOMURA's (1936) figured species and576.

Anadarid from HaneJi, Okinawa

to the one illustrated by MACNEIL (1960).
Locality and Formation: Loc. no. 109,
-siltstone of the Kogachi Member, several
nearly perfect specimens.
Depository: IGPS coli. cat. no. 90768.
References Cited
ADAMS, A. (1851) : Catalogue of the speciesof Nassa, a genus of gastropodous mollusca belonging to the family Buccinidae
in the collection of Hugh Cumming Esq.
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ADAMS, H. & ADAMS, A. (1858) : The genera of Recent Mollusca. vols. 1-3, p. 1661, pis. 1-138.
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Venus, vo!. 22, no. 3, p. 267-273, figs. 1-3.
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IREDALE, T. (1939) : British Museum (Natural History) Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-1929. Sci. Rep., vo!. 5, no. 6,
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KAMADA, Y. (1962) : Tertiary marine Mol-

48

Hiroshi NODA

iusca from the Joban Coal-Field, Japan.
Palaeont. Soc. japan, Spec. Pap., no. 8, p.
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pis. 1-20, figs. 1-3, tabs. 1-5.
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KoBAYAsm, T. & IsHIBASIII, T. (1970): Halobia styriaca, Upper Triassic Peiecypoda,
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Japans, mit bessonderer Riicksicht auf
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(1874) : Ibid., [III], p. 6-123,. pis. 1-9.
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9th Ser., vol. 3, p. 57-58. (fide JEKESBRO\YNE, 1913)
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Surv., Prof. Pap., 339, p. 1-148, pls. 1-21,
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nos. 3-4, p. 119-130, pl. 20, figs. 1-2.
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Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, voi. 3, p. 1-147,
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MARTE::-IS, YON. E. (1865): Description of
new shells. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rdSer., vol. 16, p. 428-432.
NAGASAWA, J. (1962): Influence of environment on the variation of Batillaria multifonnis (LISCHKE). Trans. Proc. Palaeont.
Soc. japan, N.S., no. 47, p. 277-280, pl. 43,
fig. 1, tab. 1.
- - (1963) : Significance of the variation offossil Batillaria cumingi (CRossE) from
Quaternary deposits of South Kanto region. Ibid., no. 51, p. 115-119, pl. 17, tabs.
1-3.
NoDA, H. (1965) : Some fossil Anadara fromSouthwest Japan. Ibid., no. 59, p. 92-109,
pis. 10-11, figs. 1-4, tabs. 1-2.
- - (1966) : The Cenozoic Arcidae of Japan.
Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser., vol. 38,
no. 1, p. 1-161, pis. 1-14, figs. 1-16, tabs.
0

Explanation of Plate 6(All in natural size)
Figs. 1-5, 8-17. Anadara (Hataiarca) kogachiensis NoDA, n. sp., p. 37, figs. 1 and 14, 2 and 13,
3 and 12, 4 and 11, 9a and 9b intact shells showing the different stages of growth; figs.
9a-9d, Ho!otype (IGPS coli. cat. no. 86757), external (figs. 9a-b) and internal (figs. 9c-d)
views; figs. 8, 15, Para type (IGPS coli. cat. no. 86887) ; figs. 16-17, Para type (IGPS coli.
cat. no. 86756), left valve (fig. 17) and ligamenta! view (fig. 16), all from Loc. no. 109,
Kogachi Member of the Haneji Formation, Pliocene.
Figs. 6a-7b. Stria rca interplicata (GRABAU and KING), x 1, p. 36, Loc. no. 109, IGPS coil. cat.
no. 86888, Kogachi Member of the Haneji Formation, Pliocene.

NODA :

Anadarid from Haneji, Okinawa

Plate 67b

KuMAGAIand OTOMO photo576.

Anaclaricl from HaneJ·i, Okinawa

1-35.
. NOMURA, S. (1933) : Catalogue of the Tertiary and Quaternary Mollusca from theIsland of Taiwan (Formosa) in the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku
University, Sendai, Japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser., val. 16, no. 1,
p. 1-106, pis. 1-4.
- - (1935) : Ditto. Ibid., val. 18, no. 2, p.
53-228, pis. 6-10.
- - (1937) : The Molluscan fauna from the
Pliocene of Tosa. japan. jour. Geol. Geogr.,
vol. 14, nos. 1-2, p. 66-90, pl. 6.
- - & Zr'\!30, N. (1934) : Marine Mollusca
from the "Ryukyu Limestone" of Kikai
Zima, Ryukyu Group. Sci. Rep., Tohoku
Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser., val. 15, no. 2, p.
109-16t1, pl. 5.
- - & - - (1936) : Molluscan fossils fromthe Simaziri beds of Okinawa-zima, Ryukyu Islands. Ibid., val. 18, no. 2, p· 229266, pl. 11.
OTuK.\, Y. (1935) : The Oti graben in southern Noto Peninsula, Japan. Part 3. Bull.
Earthq. Res. Inst., Tokyo Imp. Unit·., vol.
13, pt. 1], p. 846-909, pis. 53-57.
- - (1938) : Mollusca from the Miocene of
Tyugoku, Japan. jour. Fac. Sci., Imp.
Univ. Tokyo, Sec. 2, vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 2145, pis. 1-4, figs. 1-4, tabs. 1-2.
OYAMA, K. (1959): The molluscan shells [III].

Science and Photo. Club. Pteria.
PRASHAD, B. (1932) : The Lamellibranchia of
the Siboga Expeditions, Systematic part
II, Pelecypoda. p. 1-353, pls. 1-9, map 1.
REEVE, L.A. (1857) : Conchologia Iconica, vol.
10, Monograph of the genus Avicula, pis.
1-18.
- - (1866) : Ibid., Monograph of the genus
Lampania, vol. 15, pis. 1-2.
- - (1871) : Ibid., Monograph of the genus
Ostrea, val. 18, pis. 1-33.
RErNIJART, P.W. (1935) : Classification of thePelecypod family Arcidae. Bull., Mus.
Royal d•Hist. Nat. Berg., val. 11, no. 3,
p. 1-68, pls. 1-5.
- - (1943) : Mesozoic and Cenozoic Arcidae
from the Pacific slope of North America.
Geol. Soc. Amer., Spec. Pap., no. -17, p.
1-117, pls. 1-15, figs. 1-3, tabs. 1-3.

-19

SrroJI, R. (1.968) : Sedimentological studies on
the Ryukyu Limestone of Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands. Sci. Rep., Toholw Univ., 2ndSer., vol. 40, no. 1, p. 65-77, figs. 1-5, tabs.
1-2.
SrruTo, T. (1.960) : On some pectinids andvenerids from the Miyazaki Group (Palaeontological study of the Miyazaki Group
VII). Mem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser.
D, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 119-149, pis. 12-14,
Jigs. 1-14, tabs. 1-2.
- - (1964) : Naticid gastropods from the Miyazaki Group (Palaeontological study of
the Miyazaki Group X).
Trans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. japan, N.S., no. 55, p. 281293, pis. 42-42, figs. 1-3.
- - (1969) : Neogene gastropods from Panay
Islands, the Philippines. (Contributions
to the geology and palaeontology of Southeast Asia, LXVIII). Mem., Fac. Sci., [{yushu Univ., Ser. D, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-250,
pis. 1-24, figs. 1-43, tabs. 1-5.
SoWERBY, G.B. (1855) : Thesaurus Conchyliorum, vol. 2, Monograph of the genus
Cerithium. p. 847-899, pis. 176-186.
SUGIYAMA, T. (1935a) : On the variation of
the shells of living and fossil Umbonium
from Japan and its evolution, Part 1.
jour. Geol. Soc. japan, vol. 42, no. 502,
p. 404-430, pis. 11-1.3, figs. 1-16.
- - (1935b) : Ditto Part 2, Ibid., val. 42, no.
503, p. 449-482, figs. 17-30.
TAKI, I. & OYAMA, K. (195-1): Matajiro YoKOYAMA'S the Pliocene and late Tertiary
faunas from the Kwanto region in Japan.
Palaeo11t. Soc. japan, Spec. Pap., no. 2,
p. 1-66, pis. 1-49.
ToKUNAGA, S. (1906) : Fossils from the environs of Tokyo. jour. Coli. Sci., Imp.
Univ. Tokyo, vol. 21, pt. 2, p. 1-96, pis. 1-6.
TRYO"i, G.W. (1887): Manual of Conchology.
vol. 9, p. 1-488, pis. 1-71.
VREDENBURG, E. (1928) : Descriptions of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formations of North-western India. 1\fem.,
Geol. Surv. India, val. 1, pt. 2, p. 351-506,
pis. 14-33.
WAKIYA, Y. (1929) : Japanese food oysters.
japan. jour. Zoo!., vol. 2, no. 3, p. 359367, pis. 8-10.

50

Hiroshi NODA

WooDRING, W.P. (1926) : American Tertiarymollusks of the genus Clementia. U.S.
Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 147-C, p. 25-42,
pis. 14-17.
YABE, H. & HATAI, K. (1941): Additional
fossils from the Simaziri beds of Okinawazima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. japan. jour.
Geol. Geogr., vol. 18, nos. 1-2, p. 71-78,
pl. 7.
YAMADA, J. (1963): Remarks on the significance of the Pleistocene Mollusca fromthe Shima Peninsula, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Bull., Dept. Lib. Arts, Mie Univ., no.
27, p. 96-103, pl. 1.
YAMAMOTO, G. & HABE, T. (1959): Faunaof shell-bearing Mollusks in Mutsu Bay,
Lamellibranchia (2). Bull., Mar. Biol.
Stat. Asamushi, Tohoku Univ., vol. 9, no.
3, p. 85-122, pis. 6-14.
YoKOYAMA, M. (1920): Fossils from the Mi-

ura Peninsula and its immediate north.
jour., Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 39,
pt. 6, p. 1-198, pis. 1-20.
- - (1922) : Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. Ibid., vol.
44, art. 1, p. 1-200, pis. 1-17.
- - (1924) : Mollusca from the coral-bed of
Awa. Ibid., vol. 45, art. 1, p. 1-62, pis.
1-4.
- - (1926) : Tertiary shells from Tosa. jour.,.
Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Sec. 2, vol.
1, pt. 9, p. 365-368, pl. 42.
- - (1928) : Mollusca from the oil-field of
the Island of Taiwan. Rep., Imp. Geol.
Surv. japan, no. 101, p. 1-112, pis. 1-18.
YosmwARA, S. (1901): Geologic structureof the Ryukyu (Loochoo) curve, and its.
relation on the northern part of Formosa.
jour., Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 16,.
arK· 1, p. 1-67, pis. 1-5, figs. 1-10.

Explanation of Plate. 7,,
Figs. 1a-1b. Nassarius (Zeuxis) caelatus (A. ADAMS), x 2, p. -46, Loc. no. 109, IGPS col!. cat.
no. 90768.
. _.
Figs. 2-3. Batillaria zona lis (BRUGUIERE), x 1, p. 45, Loc. no. 109, IGPS c~lh .tM~ :·I'!o· 86798.
Figs. 4a-4b. Lunella sp., x 1, p. 44, Loc. no. 109, IGPS col!. cat. no. 86797.
·,;;·!-:',:;:•.
Figs. 5a-5b. Lunella coronatus granulatus (GMELIN), x l, p. 44, Loc. no. 109, IGPS' col!. cat.
no. 86771.
Figs. 6a-7c. Umbonium (Suchium) moniliferum decoratum MAKIYAMA, p. 43, x 2, fig. 6a ;.
apertural view, 6b; apical view, 6c; umbilical view; 7a; apertural view, 7b; apical view,.
7c; umbilical view, Loc. no. 109, IGPS col!. cat. no. 86770.
Fig. 8. Fulvia sp., x 1, p. 41, Loc. no. 109, IGPS col!. cat. no. 86767.
Figs. 9a-9b. Codakia (jagonia) okinawazimana NoMURA and ZINBO, x 3, p. 41,- Loc. no. 109r
IGPS col!. cat. no. 86765.
Figs. 10, 18. Ostrea (Ostrea) denselamellosa LISCHKE, p. 40, fig. 10, x 0.5, fig. 18, x l, Loc ..
no. 84, IGPS col!. cat. no. 88067.
Fig. 11. Laevicardium sp., x 1, p. 41, Loc. no. 84, IGPS col!. cat. no. 86766.
Fig. 12. Macoma (Macoma) praetexta (v. MARTENs), x1, p. 42, Loc. no. 84, IGPS col!. cat..
no. 86768.
Fig. 13. Clementia (Clementia) vatheleti :tyl:ABILLE, x 1, p. 42, Loc. no. 109, IGPS col!. cat. no ..
86769.
Fig. 14. Polinices cumingianus madioenensis ALTENA, x1, p. 46, umbilical view, Loc. no. 109,.
IGPS col!. cat. no. 90767.
Fig. 15. Pteria cf. coturnix (DUNKER), x 1, p. 38, Loc. no. 84, IGPS col!. cat. no. 86761.
Fig. 16. Modiolus sp., x 2, p. 38, Loc. no. 109, IGPS col!. cat. no. 86760.
Fig. 17. Pododesmus (Monia) noharai NoDA, n. sp., x 1, p. 39, Holotype, IGPS col!. cat. no.
86762, Loc. no. 109.

,;<·

All from the Kogachi Member of the Haneji Formation, Pliocene.

NODA:

Anadarid from Haneji, Okinawa

KUMAGAIand 0TOMO photo

Plate 7

576.
Ananai
Biimatabaru
Gabesoga
HamadaHanejiKakegawa
Kawachi
Kikaigashima
Kogachi
Kun-igami
Kurosedani
MotobuNagaliuma'j(

i*Jl.fw X 1m'f:Jtfi[l t.Ef./iiJ
Ill
~
j:fu
~~
Jll
Ul

iiiJ

r}1

%~7Jfb-dl '}!<; 9;[1~@!

NA i~!fi ~
t51)

* r"'

:R

5)

Anadarid from Haneji, Okinawa

'77

Nago
NakoshiNakijin
Nakao
O).<inawa
Osaki
RyukyuSet ana
Shimajiri
Takanabe
Yamairihabaru
Yurushida45~

1rr ~{X4- 1flt 1=
1rp
)¥,
irj:l
j(

~
~*t

~*

;!';"}(

i*TI!Ih:tJlll~mm.

Lll.Ai!IMJ*~IfmTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 81, pp. 52-58, April 20, 1971

577.

SOME COPROLITES FROM WAKAYAMA PREFECTURE*
KOTORA HAT AI and T AMIO KOT AKA
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science,
Tohoku University, Japan;fll ::IX LlJ ~q fr: O)~f t :fi::::. -:::> v' 't" : ;frl ;fXI.lJ ~~dl!i .$ ~f,f,~ rJili -'\~ IIi 1lli1f$: 1if :::./J 1f1 T 7.> .$~IV m~
71'iil'!LUIW (~il*fiffJE ?) :f; d: o~. El i\t:ill ll~llH!i15EI\?i · ~iitJI IIW (L:filli~lilli*) d: IJ, ?J. <O)~;J;JHliJ
tJ:%)~~--b-:::>Nlt!li.i.J'9Ui!,2':l'L7.>, c.:nG~'i • ..:CO)%Ji.B, ~JJITO)~,f,}(, i2€/1W(Jl.B, [liJll~f:::.i!Ell',--t~d~~iw0)%JN: U.=.flll:tJ:c·), to-Hf, -t--c:·r:::.~lt:fiC. L-"C:ic'i&2'ht::i:.O)cO)i'i~fJ-v.u::·n' G, 141J 1'&1:. :fl!J 0) ~f l:.:fi c :'15- .:t G;11, 7.> ,c. hG O)~ft:fiO)~imt±:fl!JO)~fmO) ~J.Er'J:-c:· 'rs td'-? t::.n', fl!!.O)t[ll.:h.Jli.i.J' G!IEQ 2: n. ,:cmx 2: :I'Lt::. ±lllift:fitJ: Er:::.-:::> '·, '"( ~~~ L-tJ: i?' G. tnw:u1 w,m~~ltE O)~~i'.l&~l':ltJ: t O)O),icil& ~ ct::.,
1-IH :}!: + r)f'. · 1 1' i0i R: ;;!':

shaped nodular structures are the scopeof the present article.
The nodular structures were foundfrom the Bunreizan Formation of the
Muro Group of probable Eocene age, andfrom the Fukusada and Aizugawa formations of the Hidagawa group of probable Cretaceous age. The stratigraphic
position of the formations just mentioned
and their lithofacies are shown in Table 1.
The formations of both the Muro andHidagawa groups are characterized bytheir flysch-like alternations in whichabundant trace fossils are frequently
found on the undersurface of the sandstone layers. The deep-water aspect of
the formations can be inferred from their
good development of flysch-like alternations of shale and sandstone and by thepresence of trace fossils, which are socharacteristic of flysch deposits. The
trace fossils, some of which are of unknown origin and some of which are
more or less analogous with forms known
from the deep waters of present day seas,
are abundant in the Bunreizan, Fukusada
and Aizugawa formations.

Many nodular structures of spindle,
elongate, straight and of twisted shapes
were found in the muddy rocks of the
Muro and Hidagawa groups distributedin the northern part of Nishi-Muro-gun,Kii Peninsula, Wakayama Prefecture.
These nodular structures are of varied
shapes, due in part to their state of preservation, and were found only from the
muddy sediments. They occurred moreor less parallel though some at an angle
with the bedding plane of the rocks inwhich they were buried, not in accumulations as if piled-up, but in a randomorientation and one near the other. Sometimes a rather long, twisted tightly or
broadly curved and many more or lessstraight tubular structures, althoughmore or less flattened by subsequent
pressure probably at the time of burial
by the accumulating sediments, occurredin the same and in different formations,sometimes nearby and sometimes rather
remote from one another. These peculiar* Received June 30, 1970; read June 27, 1970
at Mito.

52

577.

Coprolites from Wakayama

53

Table 1. Stratigraphic sequence of the rocks distributed in the northern partof Nishi-Muro-gun, Wakayama Prefecture (after Y. OwAKI, 1963, MS).
Group nameand age

Muro(Upper
Eocene?)Hidagawa(UpperCretaceous)

Formation name

Estimated
thickness(in m)

Chikatsuyu

1300+

Ouchigawa
andBunreizan

1500+

Hi rase3000+

fault contact
Seijozan

2500+

Jujo
Fukusada

2700+
2500+

Aizugawa

1000+

2000+

Lithology and remarks
Alternation of fine grained sandstoneand shale. Sedimentary structures.
Cf. Nereites tosaensis KATTO
Sandy shale. Sedimentary structures
Alternation of sandstone and shale.
Sedimentary structures
Alternation of medium to coarse
grained sandstone, sandy shale andshale. Sedimentary structures
Alternation of sandy shale. Sedi·
mentary structures
Massive black shale
Alternation of sandy shale and shale.
Sedimentary structures
Alternation of granule to coarse
grained sandstone and fine sandy
shale. Desiccation breccia· · · .. · · .. · ........ · · base not observed

The trace fossils from the flysch-likerocks distributed in the northern part ofNishi-Muro-gun, are comparable in partwith the ones described and figured by
KATTO (1960a, b) from the Eocene rocks-of the Muroto Peninsula, Kochi Prefecture on the opposite side of the Kii Strait
separating the Muroto from the Kii Peninsula. Besides the trace fossils foundin the Muro and Hidagawa groups, it canalso be mentioned that the rock facies-of the Nishi-Muro-gun area resemble
those of the Muroto Peninsula, and were
probably once continuous and depositedin the same geosynclinal basin, although·separated by the Kii Strait at present.
This geological data suffices to explain
the mutual occurrence of similar kinds-of trace fossils from geographically isolated areas.
Coprolites or fossilized excrements ofanimals have been given very little at-tention in japan. As known at present
there are only a few published articles
on the subject. Recent molluscan faeces
have been studied in detail by ARAKAWA(1962, 1963, 1965, 1968), and among thenumerous ones described and figured byhim, the ones of Batillaria cumi11gii(CROSSE) resemble Fig. 4 in the present
work, differing only in being much smaller, measuring only about 1.73 mm in
maximum length and 0.32 mm in diameter of the broadest part, whereas thepresent fossil (Fig. 5) attains about 48
mm in length. Although of similar shape,
the animal responsible for the fossil
coprolite was probably different. Manysmall pellets, probably of molluscan origin, were described and figured by HAT AI
and KOTAKA (1968) from the Early Miyagian of Kogota-machi in Miyagi Prefecture. From a horizon of similar geological age, HATAI and NODA 11968)

54

Kotara HAT AI and Tamio KOT AKA

reported on some pellets from the Early
Miyagian Tatsunokuchi Formation in
Sendai City. These pellets were statedto be due to some Callianassa species.
The casting named Magarikune ak!?esiensis, n. gen. and n. sp., by MINA TO andSUYAMA (1949) and subsequently placedin the synonymy of Helminthopsis HANTZSCHEL (1962) was described as being similar to the excrements of the marine
worm, Arenicola. Worm casting werereported by KA TTO (1960a) from theShimizu Formation (Eocene) distributed
along the sea coast of Tosashimizu City,
Kochi Prefecture, and stated to be related
to the castings of either Nereites or Balanoglossus; he also figured some Recent
castings of Balanoglossus from Uranouchi Bay, Kochi Prefecture for comparison.
In another paper of the same year (1960b)
KATTO figured some castings and statedthat they are probably of the marine
worm Nereites; these are from the Muroto Formation (Eocene) distributed along
the sea coast of Hanezaki, Muroto City,
Muroto Peninsula, Kochi Prefecture. In
1964, KA TTO figured some excreta of
unknown origin from the Muroto Formation (Eocene) in Muroto City, Kochi
Prefecture. TAKAHASHI and Y AGI (1929)
have also reported on the occurrence ofpellets of probable mud-eating marine
animals.
The nodular structures upon which thisarticle is based are here considered to becoprolites of marine animals because of
their shapes, surface sculpture, mode ofoccurrence, association with other structures of probably organic origin, andtheir resemblance to previously describedones (HANTZSCHEL and AMSTUTZ, 1968).
The Nodular Specimens
Description:- The nodular specimen
from the Aizugawa Fromation at Chi-katsuyu, Nakahechi-cho, measures 5.5 em
in maximum length and up to nearly 3
em in maximum width, although typicalones are about 1.5 em in width. They
generally, unless somewhat deformed bysubsequent pressure by the accumulating sediments or diagenesis, are spindleshaped, roundly or bluntly pointed atboth ends, though more sharply at one
end. All of the specimens exhibit distinct longitudinal striae showing a strong
tendency to slight twisting towards bothends, though more distinctly near themost expanded middle part. The striae
are strong, rather elevated and narrower than their interspaces in some specimens (Figs. 1-3, 6), but rather weak inothers (Figs. 4, 5). Both ends of thespecimens appear as if somewhat pinched, the narrower side more distinctly
than the larger. The surfaces of all of
the specimens are more or less smooth
except for the longitudinally somewhat
twisted striae already referred to andfor the shallow longitudinal troughs irregularly distributed. In cross sectionsome of the specimens are regularly or
almost uniformly rounded (Figs. 4, 5), inothers somewhat flattened (Figs. 8, 9),_and some appear with irregular crosssection (Figs. 1-3). All of the specimens
consist of muddy sediments, fine tomedium grained, so far as the naturally
broken cross-sections show under low
magnification (x10). None of the specimens show evidence of wavy lines,
corrugations, distinct spiral sculpture,laminae or creases arranged laterally.
Thin-slices and polished cross-sectionsof the nodular specimens reveal sporadic,.
irregular and marginal development ofpyrite and a dark zone separating themother rock of black mudstone from thelighter colored inner mudstone. In thelighter colored mudstone a few roundedand elongated-oval particles of foreign•577 . Cop1·olites from W akayama

55

4

10

Fi gs. 1, 2, 3, 8, 10. Coprolites fr om the Fukusada For m at ion of the ri g ht s ide cliff of the
Hiki River a t a bou t 2,000 meters upstream from Chik atsuyu, Naka hec hi-ch o, Waka ya m a Prefecture.
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 9. Coprolites fro m the A izugawa Formation at Kamo-O ricl a mi , Chi katsuyu,
Nakahec hi- cho, Wakayama Prefecture.
Fig. 7. Coprolites from t he Bunre izan Format ion of a road s id e cliff at the I c hi bur i, Dai tomura, Wakayama Prefecture.
A ll figu res except Fig. 8 are in n atu r a l size . Fig. 8, x 2.

substances are found near the marginal
part of the nodular specimen.
L ocality :- Kamo-Oridani, Chikatsuyu,
Nakahechi-ch.o, Wakayama Prefect ure.
Aizugawa Formation. Cliff of the HikiRiver about 2,000 m upstream from the
Chikatsu y u, Nakahechi-cho, Wakayama
Prefecture. Fukusada Formation.
R emarlls :- The spindle or elon gatedshap ed specimens showing distinct lon gi t udin al, somewhat twisted striae on thesurfaces are considered to be fossil
coprolites. The bluntly an d narrowly
round ed terminal parts w ith ir regu lar
shape, shallowly incised lon g itudinal
trou g hs a nd pits and w ith striae are
structures thought to have been developed durin g sausaging. The differences

56

Kotara HATAI and Tamio KOTAKA

in the grade of bluntness at the twoends may represent the commencement
and termination in their development.
The differences in sediment-color of
the inner and outer parts of the specimens, development of sporadic yet irregular pyrite and a dark zone at themarginal part separating the inner fromthe outer, and of some foreign particles
in the inner part, all may point to thenature of the specimens. So far as
megascopic observations are concerned,
the grain-size of the sediments of theinner and outer parts of the specimens
appear almost the same except for thatthe sediments at the outer-inner part ofthe specimen seem to be slightly coarser
than at the inner central part.
Although the present specimens may
represent fossil coprolites the animal
responsible for their production is notknown because no fossils of vertebrate
or invertebrate animals probable ofmaking them have been found from thestrata that yielded the coprolites. However, it is thought that some marinevertebrate was responsible for the coprolites.
Specimens identical with the ones
under consideration (Figs. 1-6, 9, 10) are
unaware to the writers.
Description :-A small specimen measuring 17 mm in length, 13 mm in widthand about 8 mm in thickness and of irregular shape was found in the Fukusada Formation associated with the specimen (Figs. 1-3) referred to a fossil coprolite. This irregularly shaped specimen{Fig. 8) shows several creases more orless parallel with the outline of the specimen at its broader part, and somesmall irregular pits on both surfaces.
Remar!?s :-Whether this specimen isa coprolite different from the ones mentioned above, or merely a kind of concretion is questionable. It is thought torepresent some kind of coprolite becauseof the surface markings and peculiar
shape, although it is also probable thatthe specimen was deformed and thus
does not permit any accurate imagination of this original shape.
Description :-Another specimen (Fig.
7), from the Bunreizan Formation, considered to be an excrement of some kindof marine animal not related to the annelids is the casting of non-uniform
thickness. This specimen is about 17
mm thick at the widest part and about
8 mm thick at the narrowest bent part.
It is sigmoidal or twisted in shape moreor less circular in cross-section, winkled
at the point of maximum bending, minutely pitted but without striations on the
more or less rough surface.
The polished cross-section of the twisted specimen shows that the sediments of
the inner part are quite different fromthat of the mother or country rock, inbeing much coarser. A very narrowdark colored zone separates the twisted
specimen from the country rock. The
coarse sediments in the specimen are in
general coarser towards the outer sideand finer in the central part, sporadically
distributed throughout and with scattered dark colored, very short streaks.
Other specimens from the same horizon and locality of the Bunreizan Formation and from the Fukusada Formation are oval to rounded in cross-section,sides straight to subparallel, with one
end broadly rounded, with very irregularsurfaces with small pits, and many latitudinal creases. The sediment making
the specimen differs from that of thecountry rock in being coarser grained
and of lighter color. There is a dark
discontinuous zone separating the specimen from the country rock or forming
its outer part. The grains inside thespecimen are coarser and more sporadi-577.

Coprolites frmn fValcayama

cally distributed at the marginal parts
than in the inner portions.
Remar!?s :-The sigmoidal or twisted
specimen differs from those producedby marine annelids in not being of about
the same thickness throughout, in having
a rather rough surface with minute pits
sporadically distributed.
flrenicola-like castings named Magarilmne akkesiensis n. gen. n. sp. by MINATO
and SuyAMA (1949) was placed in thesynonymy of Helminthopsis HEER, 1877
by HANTZSCHEL (1962, p. W 200). The
present specimen (Fig. 7) differs from
MIKA TO and SUYAMA's species by the
thickness variation and degree of bending. Also, the present specimen is considered to have been deposited in deep
water whereas that of MINATO and SuYAMA is of an animal that probably lived
in shallow water. The castings of Balanoglossus figured by KATTO (1960a, pl.
1, figs. 9, 10) also differ from the present
fossil in having rather uniform thickness
throughout.
The straight specimen of oval crosssection shows the same kind of sediment
distribution and materials as the twisted
one, and is thus thought to have been
derived possibly from the same or similar kind of marine animal, that is to say,an animal that was a bottom feeder,
taking in bottom sand, devouring theorganic remains and then casting theremains. However, as to the identityof the twisted specimen with the straightone, further investigation seems necessary.
Several specimens from the Fukusada
Formation at Komatsubara, Nakahechicho, W akayama Prefecture, differ fromthe others from the same formation at
different localities in being broadly curved to broadly sigmoidal in extension,of rounded to oval shaped cross-section,and of having rough external surface

57

with lateral constrictions when strong
and of obscure lateral striations when
weak. The specimens were found inblack, well indurated mudstone. In crosssection the specimens consist of fine tomedium grained sandy sediments in bothof rounded and oval shaped ones. The
rounded cross-sections measure about 15
mm in diameter whereas the oval shaped
ones 20x 17 mm (largest) to about 14x 16mm, and in length the first mentioned
measures about 11 em as preserved andthe others are shorter.
These specimens do not show markings as would be produced by the members of Nereites (MACSOTA Y, 1967, pl. 5,
figs. 11, 14) and are similar to the onesof Helminthopsis (HANTZSCHEL, 1962, p.
W 197, fig. 112-4a), and referred to thatgenus with some doubt. The specimen
with oval cross-section may have been
deformed by subsequent pressure.
Two other incomplete specimens similar to both the rounded and the ovalcross-section types mentioned above were
found from the Chikatsuyu Formation at
an outcrop of the Hiki River at Chikano,
Nakahechi-cho, Wakayama Prefecture.
These are considered to belong to Helminthopsis. Both are similar to the above
mentioned in size, shape of the crosssection and in sculpture of the externalsurface.
Although nothing is known as to thekind of marine animals responsible forthe coprolites described and figured in
the present article, it seems worthy torecord the occurrence of peculiar shaped
nodular specimens because such may befound in other geological formations of
the Japanese Islands. Should more specimens from more geological formations
be found and studied, it is quite probable that they may prove to be importantor useful for interpretation of the paleoecology and paleoenvironmental condi-

58

Kotara HATAI and Tamio KOTAKA

tions of non-fossiliferous marine deposits.
However, until more specimens are foundfurther remarks will be reserved.
Locality:- Road side cliff at Ishiburi,
Daito-mura, Wakayama Prefecture. Bunreizan Formation. Chikatsuyu, and Komatsubara both in Nakahechi-cho, Ibid.
Fukusada Formation.
References cited
ARAKAWA, K.Y. (1962): A Coprological Studyon the Molluscan Faeces (A PreliminaryNote). Venus (Malac. Soc. japan), vol.
22, no. 2, p. 151-172, 2 pl., 4 figs.
- - (1963) : Studies on the Molluscan Faeces(1). Pub!. Seto Marine Bioi. Lab., vol. 11,
no. 2, p. 185-208, 7 figs.
- - (1965) : Studies on the Molluscan Faeces(2). Ibid., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 1-21, 5 figs.,
6 pis.
- - (1968) : Studies on the Molluscan Faeces(3). Ibid., vol. 16, no. 2, p. 127-1394, 0 figs.,
pl. 16-17.
H.ANTZSCHEL, W. (1962) : Trace Fossils andProblematica, in, R.C. MooRE, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Geol.
Soc. Amer., and Univ. Kansas, p. W177W245.
- - EL-BAX, F. & AMSTUTZ, G.C. (1968) :Coprolites An Annotated Bibliography.
Geol. Soc. Amer., Mem. 108, p. 1-132, 6
figs., 11 pis.
HAT AI, K. & KoTAKA, T. (1968) : Faecal Pellets from the Kogota Formation (Early
Miyagian) of Kogota Machi, Miyagi Prefecture. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus., Res. Bull.,Aizugawa
Bunreizan
Chikatsuyu
Fukusada
Hanezaki
Hidagawa
Hiki RiverHi raseIshiburi
Jujo
Kii Peninsula
Kogota~ illt Jl I

71 f~ LlJ
Jli
tlil

w
:;E

;J;J H~ ~~~~~

13 il'1i Jll
13 lit Jl I
:ifi'lill
15
itt&

-t-

Jt

Jj\

4 Ill

t:cl~$,11¥.;

no. 37, p. 43-47, 1 pl.
- - & NoDA, H. (1968) :. Cylindrical Struc-tures from the Tatsunokuchi Formation(Early Miyagian) in Sendai City, Miyagi
Prefecture. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N.S., no. 72, p. 345-350, 1 pl.
KATTO, J. (1960a) : Some Problematica fromthe So-called Unknown Mesozoic Strataof the Southern Part of Shikoku, Japan.
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., Ser. 2, Geol., Spec.
Vol., no. 4, Hanzawa Memorial Volume, p.
323-334, 2 pis.
- - (1960b) : Some Molluscan Fossils andProblematica from the Shimanto Terrainof Shikoku, Japan. Res. Repts., Kochi Univ.,
vol. 9, Nat. Sci. 1, no. 9, p. 107-115, 2 pis.
- - (1964) : Some Sedimentary Structures andProblematica from the Shimanto Terrainof Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Ibid., vol. 13,
Nat. Sci. 1, no. 6, p. 45-58, 7 pis.
MACSOTAY, 0. (1967): Huellas Problamaticas
Y Su Valor Paleoecologio en Venezuela.
Geos, no. 16, Univ. Cent. Venezuela, p. 779, 18 pis.
MINATO, M. & SUYA!v!A, K. (1949): Kotfossilien von Arenicola-Artigem Organismus
aus Hokkaido, Japan. japan. jour. Geol.
Geogr., vol. 21, nos. 1-4, p. 277-279, pl. 11.
Ow AKI, Y. (1963) : Geological Studies on the
Undifferentiated Strata in the Northern
Part of Nishi-Muro-gun, Wakayama Prefecture. Master Thesis of School of Science, Institute of Geology and Paleontology,
Tohoku University (MS).
TAKAHASHI, J. & YAGI, T. (1929): Peculiar
Mud-grains and Their Relation to theOrigin of Glauconite. Econ. Geol., vol.
24, no. 8, p. 838-852.

Muro
MurotoNakahechi-cho
Nishi-Muro-gun
Daito-muraOuchigawaSeijozan
Sendai
Shimizu
Tatsunokuchi
Tosashimizu

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59

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

13::;js;:J!l.1:.!/71J~t~1971:if. ·:if.~· ~~~~i. 197l:if.
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18th Symposium on Vertebrate Palaeontology
and Comparative Anatomy, Cambridge,
England .......................... (§j;J:f:!f-:::
2nd International Conference on Planktonic
Microfossils, Rome, Italy ........ 5;~ 'f.i
1st Interamerican Micropaleontological Colloquium, Texas, U.S.A ........... f§i:WP~5
Colloque sur Ia paleoecologie des Ostracodes,
Pau, France ...................... ::ft;J:f:tlf!'.!~
Symposium, Recent and Fossil Marine Diatoms.-Modern Trend in Research, Bremerhaven, Germany ............. -~~;t:g~Working Group for Correlation of Cretaceous and Cenozoic Marine Deposits, 2nd
Meeting, Zurich, Switzerland ... -~~;t:gll*~g[Taeniopteris IC-::>v•"C ....... -i~Fa9-~~::;jl;:iRJI7C!61Rli'.P!Ei$JI J: 1J g[~.H L.t-:: li1i !/7JJ 1t. =6·

lc-::>v•"C ............... -i~r:n-~ NIII.JEY:
Second addition to the Liassic Iwamuro
Flora ........................ KIMURA, T.
Radiolarian fossils from the so-called Permian of Unuma, north of Inuyama, Gifu
Prefecture ............................. .
YAO, A., ICIIIKAWA, K. & HASHIMOTO, T.
Mesozoic Radiolaria from the Chichibu beltin the Yura district, Wakayama Prefecture ............ YAo, A. & IcHIKAWA, K.
:::=:il1~*-·li¥.i *llJ~il¥0) 1~1\'J:!R · l2E'l~ W=E!R {l:.=tifc-::>v•"C .•.•••........ LING, H.Y. · ~J]{f.JR:::Two new species of larger Foraminiferafrom the Philippines ................. .
........ HANZAWA, s. & HASHD.IOTO, w.
Lepidolina multiseptata (DEPRAT) O){l:,:fijll!J

l*nf:::.~ ~~:dcQ~~O)n:!fFs9~~{l:.l:::. -::>v•"C •.

· · ·: · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · !]•iR\1'1::

Fusulinacean from Loei, North Thailand ..
. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . IGo, H.
Sarawakia ellipsactinoides, gen. et sp. nov.,
an Ellipsactinia-like Coelenterata fromthe Bau limestone of Sarawak, Malaysia. . . . . . . . HASHIMOTO, w. & T AlVIURA, M.
Yabestroma philippinensis, a new stromatoporoid ? from the limestone of Mindoro,
Philippines .............. HASHIMOTO, W.
Preliminary report on the stratigraphy andpaleontology of Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico ............ KILMER, F.H.
Carboniferous brachiopods from S. Lembing
districts, Northwest of Kantan, Malaysia............................ YANAGIDA, J.
7:M&~mi0) 14 C :if.ttc~1t.=Eill¥~(.l(-0) 1) ....

.................................. j0~~Ilf:Amussiopecten from North America andnorthern South America .... MASUDA, K.
Lower Jurassic Bivalvia from the environs
of Saigon .................... HAY AMI, I.
Upper Triassic ammonites from Okinawajima, Pt. II ................ IsHIBASI-II, T.
Some lower Jurassic ammonites from South
Viet-Nam ...................... SATO, T.
~ill'inlll'f-il'fi:0)7 :.;.:c-r1 r 1:::.-::>v•"C .... 3f!I!-J0.l.;)[;fU133Jll (ffi'JJJ~\'1;) J:iJiEO)-=f-l!J(MEf:::.g[l±\ L.t-:: Parkinsonia sp. fC -::>v•"C .. :;kt-J-~ · ~J1Htm
On the Dalmanitidae and Raphiophoridae(Trilobita) ........................... .
. ......... KoBAYAsm, T. & HAMADA, T.
Silurian trilobites from the Langkawi Islands, Northwest Malay ............... .
. ......... KoBAYAsHI, T. & HAMADA, T.
13".2fs:O)m:::=:*c""'3<.;b 1 r; -:/!ffiO)JI=::fi ... -ff*l]l[agniE'13 *-~:£!/lJJ+~NY.'* · $C~. wrrt:~m so-'% J(1970 1f- 12 l1 20 13 ~fr) 0) 39s Jr, ti£~ 26~27

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60
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On the Paleozoic Bryozoa collected by Dr.
C.K. BURTON from Chumphon, Peninsular Thailand (t\::~i'O .......... HAYA:vrr, T.

~~

On the Paleozoic Bryozoa collected by Dr.
C.K. BuRTON from Chumphon, Peninsular Thailand .............. SAKAGAMI, S.
On some fossil Bryozoa from near Namiokacho, Minami-Tsugaru-gun, Aomori Prefecture, Japan (f\::?JC) ........ HAY AMI, T.

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23, 1971, it was decided upon to revise Article 12 as indicated (in italic) below.
Article 12. Rates for annual dues: Regular Members, Yen 2,000, Fellows, Yen 3,000, andForeign Members, $ 10.
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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan

April 20, 1971

New Series No. 81

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
574. KATO, Makoto: j. FLEMING's species of British Lower Carboniferous
corals. .. . .. . ... .. . .... ... ... . ...... ..... . .. . .. . . .......... . . . .. . . .. . . ..

1575. TAKAHASHI, Kiyoshi : Microfossils from the Pleistocene sediments of the
Ariake Sea area, west Kyushu ........ . ... .. ..... . . . .. .. . . .... . . . . . . .. 11576. NODA, Hiroshi: New anadarid and associated molluscan fauna from the
Haneji Formation, Okinawa· jima, Ryukyu Islands ......... ..... .. . ..... 27577. HAT AI, Kotora and KOTAKA, Tamio: Some coprolites from Wakayama
Prefecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
PROCEEDINGS . . .. . . ................................ . .. . . .. ....... . ....... . . . . .. 59