5 Vaccines in development

Vaccine research and development is lengthy and risky. Fromdiscovery to license requires 10 to 15 years. Approximately
one out of 10 vaccines that enter clinical development willreach the market. Which vaccines will be successfully
developed is impossible to predict.

In 2011, the global leaders in vaccine research anddevelopment reported the vaccines shown in Table 35 to beunder clinical development.

Over 100 vaccines are currently under development. A few ofthese may reach the market in the next decade.

Manufacturer

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

Pneumococcal conjugate

9-valent Human Papillomavirus
inactivated Herpes Zoster
6-valent pediatric combination (diphtheria, tetanus,pertussis, polio, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus
influenzae type b)

Merckcell-cultured influenza vaccine; pediatric influenza
vaccineNovartis

Pfizercytomegalovirus

Pseudomonas aeruginosagroup B Streptococcus

meningococcal B

HIVcell-cultured influenza

pneumococcal

conjugate meningococcal A, B, C, Y, W135

3 and 4-valent
Staphylococcus aureas

Alzheimer’s diseaseadolescent and infant meningococcal Brotavirus

6-valent pediatric combination (diphtheria, tetanus,pertussis, polio, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus
influenzae type b)

4-valent pediatric combination (diphtheria, tetatnus,pertussis, polio)

pneumococcal

Clostridium difficile

6-valent pediatric combination (diphtheria, tetanus,pertussis, polio, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus
influenzae type b)

Pseudomonas
aeruginosarabies post-exposure prophylaxis

4-valent inactivated influenza

tuberculosis

rabies4-valent dengue

Sanofi Pasteur

4-valent meningococcal a, C, Y, W135 conjugate

GlaxoSmithKline

cell-cultured influenza

7-valent pediatric combination (diphtheria, tetanus,pertussis, polio, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae
type b, and meningococcal C conjugate)

4-valent inactivated influenza

HIVmeasles, mumps, rubella

Herpes Zoster

pneumococcal conjugate
HIVtuberculosis
TABLE 35. VACCINES UNDER DEVELOPMENT BY GLOBAL VACCINE LEADERS, BY CLINICAL PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT174,175,176,177,178
Merck. Merck pipeline. July 29, 2011. http://www.merck.com/research/pipeline/home.html
sanofi pasteur. sanofi pasteur R&D portfolio. Feb 9, 2011.
http://www.sanofipasteur.com/sanofi-pasteur2/front/index.jsp?siteCode=SP_CORP&codePage=PAG_22_1288245984593&lang=EN&codeRubrique=22
176
Pfizer. Pfizer pipeline – our medicines in development. Aug 11, 2011. http://www.pfizer.com/research/product_pipeline/product_pipeline.jsp
177
Novartis. Welcome to Novartis vaccines. Pipeline. 2011. http://www.novartisvaccines.com/products-diseases/pipeline.shtml
178
GlaxoSmithKline. Product development pipeline. Feb 2011. http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/gsk-pipeline-2011.pdf
174
175

104 | VACCINE FACT BOOK 2012

In addition, in its report of 2006, the WHO noted vaccine
research and development in specific disease areas (SeeTable 36). Some of these trials have now been completed.
Others have been discontinued. Some have progressed to afurther stage of development.

Disease Area

VaccineCholeraEscherichia coli

Diarrheal diseases

Rotavirus
Shigella“Vaccine researchand development
is lengthy and risky.
From discovery tolicense requires
10 to 15 years.
Approximately oneout of 10 vaccinesthat enter clinicaldevelopment willreach the market.

Typhoid feverInfluenzaParainfluenza virus type 3
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory diseases

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)
Pneumococcal
Tuberculosis
Anthrax
Meningococcal A, C, Y, W135

Bacterial diseases

Meningococcal BPlagueGroup A Streptococcus
Group B Streptococcus
Chlamydia trachomatis

Sexually transmitted diseases

Herpes simplex type 2HIV
Dengue fever

Vector-borne diseases

Japanese encephalitis
West Nile virus
Hookworm

Parasitic diseases

Leishmania
Malaria
Schistosomiasis
Helicobacter pylori
Hepatitis B

Hepatitis and cancers

Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Human Papillomavirus
Epstein-Barr virusEnterovirus

Polio

TABLE 36. VACCINE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY DISEASE AREA179

World Health Organization. Immunizations and Vaccine Research. New vaccines against infectious diseases: research and development status. Updated Feb 2006.
http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/documents/en/Status_Table.pdf
179

VACCINE FACT BOOK 2012 | 105

This project was supported by MSD, Novartis Pharma K.K., Pfizer, and Sanofi Pasteur.