Electronic Share
Certificate System(Paperless Share System)

FAQ

January 2008
Japan Securities Dealers Association
Reform Promotion Center for Securities Clearing
and Settlement System(Head Office of Committee for Reform of Securities
Clearing and Settlement System*)Tel 03-3667-4500 (9:00～17:00)
URL: http://www.kessaicenter.com/*The committee is the cross-industry project established inJuly 1997 for early realization of Reform Promotion for
Securities Clearing and Settlement System.

Contents
CONCERNING THE INTRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRONIC SHARECERTIFICATE SYSTEM.......................................................................................................4(I)

OUTLINE OF THE ELECTRONIC SHARE CERTIFICATE SYSTEM ..................................4(1)

What is the “Electronic Share Certificate System (Paperless Share Certificate System)”?. 4(2)

Why change to the Electronic Share Certificate System?.................................................. 5(3)

When will “the electronic share certificate system” be implemented? ............................... 6(4)

What will happen to the paper share certificates issued by non-listed issuers? .................. 6(II)

PROCEDURES RELATING TO THE ELECTRONIC SHARE CERTIFICATESYSTEM ..........................................................................................................................................7(1) How can I confirm “whether or not I am the registered holder of my papershare certificate”?............................................................................................................ 7-1: Do I need to complete any procedure, even if my share certificate is registeredin my name? ................................................................................................................................8-2: What procedures do I need to complete if my share certificate is not registeredin my name? ................................................................................................................................9-3: What needs to be done if the registered shareholder has passed away? ..............................10-4: What should I do with the Less-than-One-Unit shares (*) I have? ......................................10-5: What should I do with the fractional shares (*) I own? ........................................................12-6: What should I do if the issuer of my paper share certificates no longer exists?
(Due to a merger, corporate name change, dissolution or de-listing) ...................................13(2) I have lost my paper share certificates. What should I do? ........................................... 13(3) Am I always required to deposit my paper share certificates with securities companies? . 14(4) My paper share certificates have been deposited with securities companies for
safekeeping. Do I need to take any action? ................................................................... 15(III) SPECIAL ACCOUNTS ................................................................................................................15(1) What is a “Special Account”?......................................................................................... 15-1: How can I confirm whether or not my shares are kept in a “Special Account”? ................16-2: Will I receive dividends while my shares are kept in a “Special Account”?
Will I receive convocation notices for shareholders’ meetings?............................................16-1-

-3: Will a shareholder receive any notice when a “Special Account” is opened?......................16-4: How can I prove that I am a shareholder? .............................................................................16-5: How can I sell or transfer “my shares”? .................................................................................17(IV) CONCERNING PLEDGED SHARES........................................................................................17(1) If I have obtained a loan from a bank, credit association [shinyo kinko], etc.,
which is secured by my paper share certificates, what will happen after the
implementation of the electronic system?........................................................................ 17(2) If I have obtained a loan from a moneylender or business entity (that is not a bank,credit association [shinyo kinko], etc.), which is secured by my paper share certificates,
what will happen after the implementation of the electronic system?............................... 17(V)

CONCERNING NON-RESIDENTS ...........................................................................................18(1) I am currently living outside of Japan.

Do I need to take any action in connection with

the implementation of the electronic system?.................................................................. 18(2) I am scheduled to be transferred outside of Japan before the electronic system
is implemented.

Do I need to take any action in connection with the implementation of

the electronic system? .................................................................................................... 19(3) I am scheduled to return to Japan after the electronic system is implemented(i.e., after January 2009).

What action will I need to take? ........................................... 19(VI) MISCELLANEOUS .....................................................................................................................20(1) Is there any remedial measure for “oblivious” shareholders [shitsunen kabunushi]?........ 20(2) Will there be any change to how dividends are received? ................................................ 20(3) Will the paper share certificates be collected after the electronic system isimplemented? ................................................................................................................ 21-1: Can I keep my paper share certificates as souvenirs after the electronic system isimplemented? ............................................................................................................................21(4) Will the paper share certificates, which are currently deposited with “JASDEC (Hofuri)”
be returned after the electronic system is implemented? ................................................. 22(5) Can I engage in negotiated transactions [aitai torihiki] after the electronic system isimplemented? ................................................................................................................ 22-2-

CONCERNING SECURITIES COMPANIES ...................................................................23(1) Will there be any fee charged to open a trading account [torihiki koza]?.......................... 23(2) Will there be any fee charged when paper share certificates are deposited?..................... 23(3) What documents are required when paper share certificates are deposited?.................... 23(4) Will I be solicited by sales people if I deposit my paper share certificates witha securities company? .................................................................................................... 23(5) Could you please recommend a securities company? ...................................................... 24-1: Could you please refer me to a securities company whose office is located nearby? ..........24-2: There is no securities company nearby. Is there any way of depositing paper sharecertificates with a securities company? ...................................................................................24(6) What will happen if the securities company, with which my paper share certificates aredeposited, goes bankrupt?.............................................................................................. 24-1: What happens if a securities company fails to practice “separate management”?.............25(7) Can I divide up my paper share certificates and deposit them with multiple securities
companies? .................................................................................................................... 25(8) What is a “Designated Account [Tokutei Koza]”? ............................................................ 25(9) Can I transfer my paper share certificates from one seucrities company to another?....... 25(10) How long can I keep my paper share certificates deposited with a securities company? ... 26

CONCERNING JAPAN SECURITIES DEPOSITORY CENTER, INC.........................27(1) What is JASDEC (Hofuri)? ............................................................................................ 27(2) What is the “Custody/Book-Entry Transfer System”? .................................................... 27(3) Are there any fees, etc., charged when paper share certificates are deposited withJASDEC (Hofuri)?......................................................................................................... 28(4) Is the JASDEC (Hofuri) system safe? ............................................................................. 28(5) What will happen if JASDEC (Hofuri) goes bankrupt?................................................... 28(6) What will happen to JASDEC (Hofuri) after the electronic share certificate system
is implemented?............................................................................................................. 29

REFERENCE.........................................................................................................................30-3-

[TRANSLATION]

CONCERNING THE INTRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRONIC SHARECERTIFICATE SYSTEM(I)OUTLINE OF THE ELECTRONIC SHARE CERTIFICATE SYSTEM(1)What is the “Electronic Share Certificate System (Paperless Share Certificate
System)”?

Once the electronic system is implemented, all paper share certificates issued by listed issuers
will become invalid (*1) and shareholders’ rights (*2) will be managed electronically in
trading accounts (*3) at financial institutions (*4) such as securities companies.

Currently, assignments of, and creation of pledges on, shares are implemented by the deliveryof paper share certificates. After the implementation of the electronic system, delivery of
paper share certificates in your possession will no longer be considered as an effective meansof assigning or creating a pledge on shares, and no share can be sold using a paper sharecertificate.

Moreover, if the implementation of the electronic system occurs while you are holding apaper share certificate registered in another person’s name, you will not be able to complete
the procedure for changing the shareholder’s name by presenting the paper share certificate
after the electronic system is implemented.

For this reason, holders of paper sharecertificates registered in others’ names will not be able to exercise voting rights atshareholders’ meetings or to claim dividends.

*1:

Paper share certificates will lose all legal value and become nothing more thanpieces of paper. No paper share certificate will be collected when the electronic
share certificate system is implemented.

-4-(Ref., (VI)-(3) )*2:“Shareholders’ rights” refers to the rights which are recognized to arise from one’s
status as a shareholder, including the right to vote at shareholders’ meetings, right toreceive dividends and right to claim distribution of residual assets, etc., in the case of
the applicable issuer’s dissolution, etc.

*3:

They are called “Transfer Account Books [furikae kouzabo]” in the relevant law.

*4:

They are called “Account Management Institutions [kouza kanrikikan]” in therelevant law.

(2)

Why change to the Electronic Share Certificate System?

Under the electronic share certificate system, share management and transactions involving
shares will be safer and more efficient.

With respect to share management, the electronic share certificate system lowers the risk toshareholders of the loss or theft of paper shares certificates in their possession.

With respect to transactions involving shares, the electronic share certificate systemeliminates the risk of persons obtaining fraudulent paper share certificates and also greatly
simplifies the procedures involved in the delivery of paper share certificates for purchases
and sales, and in the registration of new shareholders which must be implemented for eachacquisition of shares.

(Reference)

Benefits of the electronic share certificate system for listed issuers will include cutting thecost of printing at the time of the issuance of paper share certificates, postage for sending
paper share certificates to shareholders and stamp duty, as well as the expenses associatedwith the collection and issuance of paper share certificates, etc., in connection with certain
corporate restructuring (such as mergers, stock exchanges [kabushiki kokan], stock transfers-5-[kabushiki iten], etc., between corporations).

Further, benefits of the electronic sharecertificate system for securities companies include increased safety and convenience and cost
reduction, due in part to a reduction in the cost, risk, etc., associated with the storage andtransportation of paper share certificates.

(3)

When will the electronic share certificate system be implemented?

The concerned parties have been making preparations to implement the electronic sharecertificate system in January 2009.

Based on the progress of preparations for the electronic share certificate system in theindustry, the actual implementation date of the electronic share certificate system will be set
by a cabinet ordinance which will probably be issued in or around the fall of 2008.

(4)

What will happen to the paper share certificates issued by non-listed issuers?

The electronic share certificate system will not apply to paper share certificates issued by
non-listed issuers, and their previously issued paper share certificates will remain valid.
Transfers of such shares can be implemented by delivery of paper share certificates.

A person’s acquisition of shares of a non-listed issuer which does not issue paper sharecertificates will be perfected with respect to the issuer and third parties once the newshareholder is registered in the list of shareholders; however, such registration of the newshareholder is made, in principle, pursuant to the joint request of the transferor (registeredholder) of the shares and the person who acquired the shares.

(Reference)(i)

The Companies Law (which became effective on May 1, 2006) provides that a
corporation organized after the enforcement date of the Companies Law shall, in
principle, not issue paper share certificates, and that such corporation shall issue-6-paper share certificates only if its Articles of Incorporation require its issuance of
paper share certificates.

(ii)

The electronic (paperless) system has already been implemented with respect togeneral corporate bonds [ippan-sai] and investment trusts [toshi shintaku].

The electronic system is scheduled to become effective with respect to ETFs
(exchange traded funds) [jojo toshi shintaku] in January 2008.

The electronic system will be implemented with respect to CBs (corporate bonds
with new stock subscription rights), REITs (real estate investment trusts) andpreferred investment securities [yusen shusshi shoken] simultaneously with theimplementation of the electronic share certificate system.

The electronic sharecertificate system will not apply to paper share certificates, etc., issued by foreign
corporations; however, the custody and book-entry transfer system for foreign sharecertificates, etc., which is currently operated by JASDEC (Japan Securities
Depository Center, Inc.) (Hofuri) will remain available for use after the
implementation of the electronic share certificate system.

(II)

PROCEDURES

RELATING

TO

THE

ELECTRONICSHARECERTIFICATE SYSTEM(1)

How can I confirm “whether or not I am the registered holder of my papershare certificate”?

On the reverse side of your paper share certificate, there should be columns for“Shareholder’s Name,” “Registration Date (date on which the registered holder is changed)”and “Registered Seal Impression.”

Please check the information that appears in the column

for “Shareholder’s Name.”

If the shareholder’s name does not appear on your paper share certificate, which may be the-7-case if it was issued after the enforcement date of the Companies Law (May 1, 2006), please
make an inquiry to the transfer agent [kabushiki meibo kanrinin] (trust bank, etc.). (* Thetransfer agent is the issuer of notices relating to dividends, etc.)

Please note that, if the procedure for registering a change in shareholders has not been
completed, and if you have not yet been registered as the shareholder on the list ofshareholders, you will not be treated as the shareholder under the electronic share certificate
system after the implementation date of the electronic system.

You can be assured that your share certificate is registered in your name, if convocation
notices of shareholders’ meetings and “payment notices” of dividends have been addressedand delivered to you, and if you have been receiving dividends.

-1:

Do I need to complete any procedure, even if my share certificate is registeredin my name?

When the electronic share certificate system is implemented, your shares registered in yourname will be recorded in the “Special Account” [tokubetsu koza] (*) opened by the issuer
based on the information contained in the list of shareholders and your rights as theshareholder will be protected.
not be affected.

Your rights as the shareholder (Ref., (I)-(1) (*2)) will thus(* The “Special Account” is different from the Designated Account [Tokutei

Koza] of securities companies relating to the tax system).

The “Special Account” will be automatically opened by the issuer, the details of which will
be communicated by the issuer to the shareholders.

This means that such holders of papershare certificates will not need to comply with any procedural requirement.

However, in order to sell any of your shares after the implementation of the electronic system,
you will need to open your own trading account [torihiki koza] with a securities company,
and then transfer the remaining shares from the “Special Account” to the trading account[torihiki koza] you have opened at the securities company in compliance with prescribed-8-

procedures. (Ref., (III)-(1).)(Reference)

For a period of two (2) weeks immediately preceding the implementation date of theelectronic system, due to the preparation for recordation in transfer accounts and otheradministrative work relating to the transition to the electronic system, it is legally prohibitedto deposit paper share certificates with, or to request delivery of previously deposited paper
certificates from, the JASDEC (Hofuri), securities companies, etc.

Because settlements of purchase and sale transactions of listed shares at securities exchanges
are made by way of the book-entry transfer method through JASDEC (Hofuri) under the
securities exchanges regulations, purchases and sales of shares represented by those papershare certificates which have previously been deposited with JASDEC (Hofuri) will not beaffected.

Moreover, after the implementation of the electronic system, trading of shares recorded in the“Special Account” will be suspended for a period of approximately three (3) weeks until theapplicable procedures, etc., are completed.

Thus, as a practical matter, these shares suffer

the inconvenience of not being able to be sold or purchased before and after the
implementation date of the electronic system.

-2:

What procedures do I need to complete if my share certificate is not registeredin my name?

Because your rights as a shareholder are not protected, you need to register yourself as theshareholder as soon as possible.

Please contact the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) or the securities company with which youtransact business for details concerning the procedures.

-9-

(Reference)

If you are not the registered holder of a paper share certificate, the most recent registeredholder (i.e., the so-called nominal shareholder) will appear as the shareholder on the list ofshareholders managed by the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) upon the implementation of theelectronic system, and the “Special Account” will be opened in the name of such registeredshareholder. In such event, you are at risk of losing your rights as the shareholder if thenominal shareholder without your permission sells the shares, etc., and you must complete
extensive procedures in order to regain your rights as the shareholder. For this reason, youneed to register yourself as the shareholder as soon as possible.

-3:

What needs to be done if the registered shareholder has passed away?

Procedures for registering the new shareholder must be completed in connection with yourlegal inheritance of the shares, or between you and the person who inherited them from thenominal shareholder.

Please contact the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) or the securities company with which youtransact business for details concerning the procedures.

-4:

What should I do with the Less-than-One-Unit shares (*) I have?

The so-called Registered Less-than-One-Unit shares, for which no paper share certificate has
been issued but which are registered on the list of shareholders, cannot be deposited withJASDEC (Hofuri) through securities companies.

After the implementation date of the electronic system, the Registered Less-than-One-Unit
shares will be recorded and managed in the “Special Account” opened by the issuer.

Please contact the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) for details concerning the procedures forselling (or making a request for purchase) the Less-than-One-Unit shares before the- 10 -

implementation of the electronic system.

If a request for purchase is made concerning the Less-than-One-Unit shares in the “Special
Account,” such Less-than-One Unit shares can be sold without completing the procedure fortransferring them to the account held in your name at a securities company.

Moreover, someissuers have adopted the sale (or additional purchase) system for Less-than-One-Unit shares,
where shareholders can make a request for sale, or purchase of Less-than-One-Unit shares toobtain a whole share unit through the “Special Account”. Please contact the transfer agent(trust bank, etc.) for details.

(Reference)1.

In connection with the transition to the electronic system, no particular action needs
to be taken for the Less-than-One-Unit shares which were deposited with JASDEC(Hofuri) prior to the implementation of the electronic system.

2.

If you have paper share certificates in your possession, please first confirm that such
paper share certificates have been registered in your name.

If they are registered inany other person’s name, you are at risk of losing your rights as the shareholder, andyou need to cause the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) to register you as theshareholder as soon as possible. (Ref., (II)-(1)-2)*

What are “Less-than-One-Unit shares”?

“Less-than-One-Unit shares” are shares which consist of a multiple of whole shares, butwhich do not constitute one unit (e.g., 100 shares, 1,000 shares, etc.) of shares under the
Share Unit System [Tangen-Kabu Seido].

The three (3) general ways in which Less-than-One-Unit shares can be owned are listed
below:- 11 -

(i)Registered Less-than-One-Unit shares whose shareholders are registered with thetransfer agent (trust bank, etc.).

(ii)

Less-than-One-Unit shares deposited with JASDEC (Hofuri).

(iii)

Less-than-One-Unit shares which are owned in the form of paper share certificates(original certificates [honken]).

-5:

What should I do with the fractional shares (*) I own?

Because fractional shares [hakabu] cannot be handled under the electronic share certificate
system, those issuers which have adopted fractional share systems and which have actually
issued fractional shares must take action to eliminate fractional shares before theimplementation date of the electronic system.

The methods of eliminating fractional shares are anticipated to include, among others, (i) the
method of “promoting the purchase of fractional shares and the request for additionalpurchase,” “amending the Articles of Incorporation to abolish the fractional share system,”etc., which will not affect the shareholders who do not own fractional shares; and (ii) the“method of simultaneously adopting the stock split and the Share Unit System.”

Each issuer is expected to adopt its own method of transferring fractional shares, depending
upon the range of holders of fractional shares, etc., and each applicable issuer should contact
you concerning the details in the future.

*

What is a fractional share?

A fractional share represents a fractional number (less than one) share, which is a multiple ofeither one hundredth of a share or a percentage stated in the issuer’s Articles of Incorporation.
Fractional shares are separately managed in a register of fractional shares, which is separate
from the list of shareholders.

An amendment to the Commercial Code, which became- 12 -

effective in October 2001, introduced the Share Unit System, but any issuer which adopted
the Share Unit System was not permitted to adopt a fractional share system at the same time.
If a fraction of less than one share is created through a share consolidation [kabushiki heigo],
etc., it is disposed of for cash.

The Companies Law, which became effective on May 1, 2006, as an interim measure, permits
an issuer which had adopted a fractional share system before the enforcement date of theCompanies Law to maintain the system to date; however, because no such interim measure isprovided in connection with the amendment to the Law Concerning Book-Entry Transfer ofCorporate Bonds, Etc., which relates to the amendment to the Companies Law, fractional
shares need to be eliminated before the implementation date of the electronic share certificate
system.

-6:

What should I do if the issuer of my paper share certificates no longer exists?
(Due to a merger, corporate name change, dissolution or de-listing)

Please consult with the securities company with which you transact business.

(2)

I have lost my paper share certificates.

What should I do?

Please first contact the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) and confirm whether or not you are theregistered holder of the shares at issue on the list of shareholders.

Please contact the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) for the details concerning the procedures
for lost paper share certificates, as a system exists for nullification of paper share certificates.

(Reference)

Procedures under the system for nullification of paper share certificates are outlined below:(i)

The person, who lost his/her paper share certificate, requests that the issuer (the- 13 -

transfer agent) make an appropriate notation/record in the register of lost paper sharecertificates. The issuer will so register the loss in the register of lost paper sharecertificates which is open to the public for review, and so notify the shareholder
registered on the list of shareholders if he or she is different from the person who
requested the loss registration, and the registered pledge-holder of the relevant shares.
If the relevant paper share certificate is submitted to the issuer for the exercise of any
associated rights, the person who submitted such paper share certificate will also be
notified of the fact that the loss of such certificate has been registered.

(ii)

No change in the registered shareholder can be made, and no voting right, etc., can be
exercised, with respect to shares represented by the paper share certificate whose loss
has been registered; provided, however, that voting rights can be exercised if the loss
registration has been made by the shareholder registered on the list of shareholders.

(iii)

The person actually holding the relevant paper share certificate may request
cancellation of the registration made in the register of lost paper share certificates.
Once a cancellation request is made, the issuer will report the name (trade name) andaddress of the person who requested cancellation of registration, as well as thecertificate number of the applicable paper share certificate, to the person who
registered the loss, and then cancel such registration two (2) weeks thereafter.

(iv)

Unless the loss registration is cancelled, the paper share certificate whose loss has
been registered shall become invalid (cancelled) one (1) year after the day
immediately following the day of registration, and the paper share certificate will be
re-issued by the issuer to the person who made the registration.

(3)

Am I always required to deposit my paper share certificates with securities
companies?

You do not need to deposit your paper share certificates with securities companies if you do
not plan to sell them in the future.

- 14 -

(4)My paper share certificates have been deposited with securities companies for
safekeeping.

Do I need to take any action?

Shares represented by paper share certificates which are not deposited with JASDEC (Hofuri)(because the shareholder has not consented to such deposit), will be recorded in the “Special
Account.” (Ref., (III)-(1) )In some cases, under exceptions applicable to the securities companies’ deposit of “Paper
Share Certificates for Safekeeping,” paper share certificates are deposited with JASDEC(Hofuri).

Please contact the securities company, with which you transact business, fordetails.

(III)

SPECIAL ACCOUNTS(1)

What is a “Special Account”?

A “Special Account” is an account, opened in connection with the elimination of paper sharecertificates at a financial institution, such as a trust bank, etc. (which is anticipated to be thetransfer agent), pursuant to the issuer’s request, for the purpose of protecting the rights of theshareholders of paper share certificates which have not been deposited with JASDEC(Hofuri).

A “Special Account” is not a trading account [torihiki koza] maintained for the purpose ofbuying or selling shares.

In order to sell the shares recorded in a “Special Account,” you must first open your own
trading account at a securities company, and then transfer the shares remaining in the“Special Account” to the trading account.

- 15 -

(Notes)(i)

No sale can be made immediately before or after the implementation of theelectronic share certificate system.

(ii)

No share can be sold or purchased through a “Special Account.”(iii)

If you own more than one issue of shares, a “Special Account” will be opened foreach issue.

-1:

How can I confirm whether or not my shares are kept in a “Special Account”?

Please contact the issuer or the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.) engaged by the issuer.

-2:

Will I receive dividends while my shares are kept in a “Special Account”?
Will I receive convocation notices for shareholders’ meetings?

Dividends will be paid and convocation notices for shareholders’ meetings, etc., will bemailed, as they are currently; however, convocation notices for shareholders’ meetings will
not be sent to shareholders who own Less-than-One-Unit shares only.

-3:

Will a shareholder receive any notice when a “Special Account” is opened?

It is anticipated that the issuer will send a written notice to the shareholder after a “Special
Account” is opened.

-4:

How can I prove that I am a shareholder?

A record of the remaining balance in the account opened at the transfer agent (trust bank, etc.)
will be the proof of your rights as the shareholder.
certificate concerning the balance.

- 16 -

If necessary, you will be able to obtain a

-5:

How can I sell or transfer my shares?

You can sell or transfer your shares after you open a trading account at a securities company
and transfer the shares remaining in the “Special Account” to the trading account at the
securities company.

(IV)

CONCERNING PLEDGED SHARES(1)

If I have obtained a loan from a bank, credit association [shinyo kinko], etc.,
which is secured by my paper share certificates, what will happen after the
implementation of the electronic system?

You will be able to pledge your shares after the implementation of the electronic system.

In principle, when engaging in a transaction involving a pledge of shares under the electronicsystem, both the pledgor (i.e., the shareholder; in many cases, the pledgor is also the obligor)
and the pledgee (i.e., the obligee bank, etc.) must open accounts at a securities company, etc.,
and a pledge is established by way of an account transfer [koza furikae] from the owneraccount of the pledgor to the pledge account, etc., of the obligee bank, etc.

If you are currently engaged in a transaction where paper share certificates are used ascollateral, such paper share certificates will become invalid upon the transition to theelectronic system, and thus the pledge transaction will also become invalid if no proper action
is taken.

If you wish to continue with the present pledge transaction after the implementation of theelectronic system, certain transitional procedures must be completed. Please contact thefinancial institution, etc., with which you transact business, for details.

(2)

If I have obtained a loan from a moneylender or business entity (that is not abank, credit association [shinyo kinko], etc.), which is secured by my paper- 17 -

share certificates, what will happen after the implementation of the electronicsystem?

In principle, the explanations set forth in (IV)-(1) above concerning transactions with banks,etc., involving pledges of shares will apply.

As explained in (IV)-(1) above, when engaging in a transaction with such moneylender orbusiness entity involving a pledge of shares under the electronic system, a pledge isestablished by way of an account transfer [koza furikae] between an account opened by thepledgor (as described in (IV)-(1) above) and an account opened by the pledgee (which, in thiscontext, is the moneylender or business entity).

If you are currently engaged in a transaction with a moneylender or business entity where
paper share certificates are used as collateral, and if you wish to continue with suchtransaction after the implementation of the electronic system, as stated in (IV)-(1) above,certain transitional procedures must be completed.

Because such procedures cannot be completed without the cooperation of the moneylender,
business entity, etc., with which you transact business, please contact such entity with which
you transact business for details.

*

Concerning pledges of shares, please refer to the website of the Japanese
Bankers Association [Zenkoku Ginko Kyokai] for details.
(http://www.zenginkyo.or.jp/news/2007/10/24153000.html) (Japanese version only)(V)

CONCERNING NON-RESIDENTS(1)

I am currently living outside of Japan.

Do I need to take any action inconnection with the implementation of the electronic system?

So long as you are the registered holder of your paper share certificates, you will not lose

- 18 -

your rights as the shareholder (Ref., (I)-(1) (*2) ).

Please contact the securities company,

with which you transact business, for details.

(Reference)

You can sell your shares by opening a trading account [torihiki koza] at a securities company
in Japan and then by transferring the shares from the “Special Account” that is opened at thetime of the implementation of the electronic system to the trading account [torihiki koza],when you return to Japan.

(2)

I am scheduled to be transferred outside of Japan before the electronic system
is implemented.

Do I need to take any action in connection with theimplementation of the electronic system?

Please first open a trading account [torihiki koza] at a securities company, and deposit yourpaper share certificates with JASDEC (Hofuri). By then appointing an agent [dairinin] andby submitting notice concerning the agent to the securities company, you will be able toengage in transactions through the agent [dairinin].

(3)

I am scheduled to return to Japan after the electronic system is implemented(i.e., after January 2009).

What action will I need to take?

So long as you are the registered holder of your paper share certificates, your rights as theshareholder will be protected by the “Special Account” which will be opened simultaneouslywith the implementation of the electronic share certificate system.

You can sell, etc., theshares by opening a trading account [torihiki koza] at a securities company after you return toJapan and then transferring the shares from the “Special Account” opened at a financial
institution, such as a trust bank, etc. (which is anticipated to be the transfer agent), to the
trading account [torihiki koza].

*

Please contact a securities company for details.

- 19 -

(VI)

MISCELLANEOUS(1)

Is there any remedial measure for “oblivious” shareholders [shitsunen
kabunushi]?

There are measures to protect the rights of those shareholders (i.e., “oblivious” shareholders[shitsunen kabunushi]) who fail to register themselves as the shareholders before theimplementation of the electronic share certificate system.

Such measures are designed tocause the issuer to transfer the applicable shares from the Special Account of the registeredshareholder to the Special Account of the “oblivious” shareholder [shitsunen kabunushi]
under the circumstances described below:(i)When a request is made jointly by the registered shareholder and the “oblivious”
shareholder [shitsunen kabunushi].

(ii)

When the “oblivious” shareholder [shitsunen kabunushi] submits a request, to whicha court decision or other document prescribed by the applicable ministerial order is
attached.

(iii)

Under circumstances which are prescribed by an order issued by a ministry having
jurisdiction as circumstances where no interested party will be adversely affected.

It is anticipated that the ministerial order will apply where the “oblivious” shareholder[shitsunen kabunushi] submits a request, together with the paper share certificates (the actual
certificates [kenmen]) and evidence of his/her acquisition of the paper share certificates
before the implementation of the electronic share certificate system, etc., within one (1) year
after the electronic share certificate system is implemented.

(2)

Will there be any change to how dividends are received?

With respect to the method of receiving dividends after the implementation of the electronic- 20 -

system, the “Registered Dividend Receipt Account Method” [toroku haitokin juryo koza
hoshiki] and the “Allocation Based on the Number of Shares Method” [kabushikisu hirei
haibun hoshiki] will be newly adopted.

Under the “Registered Dividend Receipt Account Method,” by registering with JASDEC(Hofuri) the account opened at a financial institution to which dividends are remitted, youwill be able to receive dividends relating to all issues you own.

Under the “Allocation Based on the Number of Shares Method,” dividends can be received
through the securities company or other financial institution where the investor has opened an
account, based on the balance remaining in the account.

Dividends can also be received by way of currently available methods including the Post
Office’s payment notices and bank remittances.

(Reference)

After the implementation of the electronic system, obscure characters [kanji] used in thenames of shareholders, as they appear in notices concerning dividends, etc., may be changed
to standard characters (commonly used characters [joyo kanji]).

(3)

Will the paper share certificates be collected after the electronic system isimplemented?

Paper share certificates in your possession will not be collected.

-1:

Can I keep my paper share certificates as souvenirs after the electronic system
is implemented?

You may keep your paper share certificates, which should be considered as something likecancelled commemorative postage stamps.

- 21 -

(4)Will the paper share certificates, which are currently deposited with “JASDEC(Hofuri)” be returned after the electronic system is implemented?

Legally, JASDEC (Hofuri), securities companies, etc., are not permitted to return paper sharecertificates to the shareholders after the implementation of the electronic system.

This is due to the need to eliminate the risk of unnecessary confusion which may arise if alarge amount of invalid paper share certificates flood the market.

(5)

Can I engage in negotiated transactions [aitai torihiki] after the electronicsystem is implemented?

After the implementation of the electronic system,

even negotiated transactions [aitai

torihiki] between investors will be implemented by way of transfers between accounts
through securities companies or other financial institutions.

- 22 -

CONCERNING SECURITIES COMPANIES(1)Will there be any fee charged to open a trading account [torihiki koza]?

No fee will be charged.

(2)

Will there be any fee charged when paper share certificates are deposited?

Securities companies are permitted to charge in their discretion various types of fees,
including a fee (which is referred to as the “Account Management Fee”) for the custody, etc.,
of paper share certificates and other securities certificates in the trading account [torihikikoza].

Because each securities company charges different fees, please confirm the details ofservices provided by each company in advance.

(3)

What documents are required when paper share certificates are deposited?

Under the Law Concerning the Identity Verification, Etc., of Customers, Etc., by Financial
Institutions, Etc., documents that prove your identity will be required.

Please confirm in advance what documents will be required, because there is some variation
among securities companies.

(4)

Will I be solicited by sales people if I deposit my paper share certificates with asecurities company?

Under the applicable laws, ordinances, etc., securities companies are required to perform
solicitations/sales (business development) in accordance with each investor’s (client’s)
investment policies, taking into consideration the client’s knowledge, experience, financial
condition and investment objectives (principle of suitability).

Further, securities companies are prohibited from engaging in solicitation or sales activities- 23 -

without providing clients with sufficient explanations concerning the products’ structures andrisks.

(5)

Could you please recommend a securities company?

JSDA does not recomment any particular securities company.

-1:

Could you please refer me to a securities company whose office is locatednearby?

Securities companies can be searched using the website below:

The Internet address of “Securities Companies in My Town” on the website of
the Japan Securities Dealers Association (“JSDA”):
http://www.jsda.or.jp/html/watamachi/index.html (Japanese version only)-2:

There is no securities company nearby. Is there any way of depositing papershare certificates with a securities company?

Some securities companies open trading accounts [torihiki koza] and accept deposits of papershare certificates through the mail.

(6)

Please contact securities companies for details.

What will happen if the securities company, with which my paper sharecertificates are deposited, goes bankrupt?

Securities companies are legally required to separately manage their clients’ assets (papershare certificates, etc.) and their (securities companies’) own assets (which is referred to as“separate management”).

Further, under the applicable laws and ordinances, securities companies are regularly audited
by external audit companies [kansa hojin], etc., and submit reports to JSDA, concerning their- 24 -

separate management practice.

In addition, they are subject to audits/examinations by

self-regulating organizations (JSDA and securities exchanges) and inspections, etc., by the
Financial Services Agency (Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission).

Thus, systems have been established under which the clients’ assets are protected even in theevent of securities companies’ bankruptcy.

-1:

What happens if a securities company fails to practice “separate management”?

If a client suffers damages with respect to his/her assets deposited with a securities company
as a result of the bankruptcy of the securities company, with which the client transacted
business and which failed to perform its “separate management” obligation, compensation in
the amount up to 10,000,000 Yen per account will be paid from the “Japan Investor
Protection Fund.”(7)

Can I divide up my paper share certificates and deposit them with multiple
securities companies?

Since you are allowed to open one (1) trading account [torihiki koza] at each securities
company, you will be able to divide up your paper share certificates and deposit them withmultiple securities companies.

(8)

What is a “Designated Account [Tokutei Koza]”?

A Designated Account [Tokutei Koza] is a trading account [torihiki koza] under the tax
system opened at a securities company by an investor who sells and purchases shares, which
is designed to enable the investor to submit final tax returns and pay taxes easily.

(9)

Can I transfer my paper share certificates from one seucrities company toanother?

- 25 -

You can transfer your paper share certificates by first opening a trading account [torihikikoza] at another securities company, and then completing transfer procedures at the current
securities company. Please note that some securities companies charge transfer fees.

(10)

By what time can I deposit my paper share certificates with a securities
company?

Legally, you can deposit your paper share certificates with a securities company by the day
which is fifteen (15) days before the day (the implementation date of the electronic sharecertificate system) on which all of the paper share certificates of listed issuers are abolished.

(Note) It is important that all procedures are completed as soon as possible, because thecustomer service departments of securities companies, etc., are expected to be very
busy shortly before the implementation of the electronic share certificate system.

- 26 -

CONCERNING JAPAN SECURITIES DEPOSITORY CENTER, INC.
(“JASDEC”) (HOFURI)(1)

What is JASDEC (Hofuri)?

JASDEC is the only custody/book-entry transfer organization in Japan which was organizedunder the applicable law pursuant to the designation made by the ministers in charge ofapplicable matters (the Prime Minister and the Minister of Justice), and whose purpose is toefficiently and effectively keep the custody of, deliver, etc., paper share certificates and othersecurities certificates and to thus endeavor to promote the smooth circulation of securities.

(2)

What is the “Custody/Book-Entry Transfer System”?

The Custody/Book-Entry Transfer System is the system under which paper share certificatesand other securities certificates are centrally managed by JASDEC (Hofuri), which isestablished pursuant to the applicable law, and under which deliveries of securities are madeby way of book-entry transfers among accounts opened at JASDEC (Hofuri) without
deliveries of actual paper certificates [kenmen] themselves.

Owners of securities certificates

can exercise their rights while the securities certificates are deposited with JASDEC (Hofuri).

The Custody/Book-Entry Transfer System has been widely adopted in other countries, andmost of the countries where securities exchanges exist have established custody/book-entry
transfer organizations.

As of September 30, 2007, paper share certificates representing approximately 80% of allissued shares of all listed issuers in Japan were deposited with JASDEC (Hofuri).

No individual is permitted to deposit his/her paper share certificates directly with JASDEC(Hofuri). Shareholders must deposit their paper share certificates with JASDEC (Hofuri)
through securities companies.

- 27 -

(3)Are there any fees, etc., charged when paper share certificates are deposited
with JASDEC (Hofuri)?

Before depositing paper share certificates with JASDEC (Hofuri), an account must be opened
at a securities company.

Since each securities company independently establishes its fees,

including the account management fee (custodial fee), please contact the securities company
with which you transact business.

(4)

Is the JASDEC (Hofuri) system safe?

Many measures have been taken by JASDEC (Hofuri) to achieve its system’s operational
stability and high security.

For example, at JASDEC (Hofuri), the business data relating to the system where ordinary
business is operated is backed up nearly in real time, and an immediate responsive measurecan be taken when the system goes down. Further, it is impossible to hack into the systembecause of the use of dedicated circuits between JASDEC (Hofuri) and its relatedorganizations.

(5)

What will happen if JASDEC (Hofuri) goes bankrupt?

Even if JASDEC (Hofuri) goes bankrupt, the deposited paper share certificates, which are theassets of the shareholders who deposited them, will not be subject to withdrawal or
attachment by any third party.

JASDEC (Hofuri) is the only custody/book-entry transfer organization in Japan designated by
the ministers in charge, is required to submit to the ministers in charge a report concerning its
operations and assets for every settlement period, and is thus closely monitored by theapplicable governmental agency in order to ensure that it will not go bankrupt.

In other major countries, custody/book-entry transfer organizations function as an important- 28 -

part of the infrastructure for the settlement of securities transactions, and, to date, none ofsuch organizations has been dissolved due to bankruptcy.

(6)What will happen to JASDEC (Hofuri) after the electronic share certificate
system is implemented?

After the implementation of the electronic share certificate system, JASDEC (Hofuri) willfunction as a book-entry transfer organization which manages book-entry transfers, etc., ofelectronic share certificates.

*

Please refer to the website of JASDEC (Hofuri) for details.
(http://www.jasdec.com/finance/index.html)- 29 -

<REFERENCE><Current System>
Issuer<Transfer Agent>

Ownership of rights as shareholders is determined by paper share certificates or records made in
the client accounts list.

List of
Shareholders

List of Beneficial
Shareholders“Individual request for theregistration of a newshareholder”“Notice Concerning
Beneficial Shareholders”

Japan Securities Depository Center, Inc.
(JASDEC)

Share
Certificates(Deposit)
Share Certificates(Retained by theshareholder ordeposited withsecurities
companies, etc.)

Share
Certificates(Deposit)

Participant(Securities
Company, Etc.)

Participant(Securities
Company, Etc.)

Share
Certificates(Deposit)

Shareholder(Non-user of
JASDEC)

Preparation
andmanagementof the client
accounts list

Share
Certificates(Deposit)

Beneficial
Shareholder(JASDEC User)

Beneficial
Shareholder(JASDEC User)“Account Transfer”

◆

◆

◆
◆

Shareholder management is performed using the “list of shareholders” with respect to paper share certificatesheld by the shareholders themselves, etc., and using the “list of beneficial shareholders” with respect to papershare certificates deposited with JASDEC.
When JASDEC is used, paper share certificates are deposited with JASDEC and the actual certificates[kenmen] are centrally managed.
(Although JASDEC will be the record holder of the actual certificates [kenmen], the shareholders who deposit
the paper share certificates with JASDEC exercise their rights as “beneficial shareholders.”)
Upon request, deposited paper share certificates are delivered by JASDEC.
Transfers of shares between JASDEC users are implemented by way of account transfers. Transfers of shares
involving non-users of JASDEC require the actual paper certificates [genbutsu kenmen].

<New Book-Entry Transfer System>
Issuer<Transfer Agent>

Ownership of rights as shareholders is determined based on the records in theTransfer Account Book.

List of Shareholders

A separate notice is given withrespect to the exercise ofminority shareholders’ rights,
etc.

NoticeConcerning All
Shareholders

Request for notice to shareholders to be issued
on a designated date may be made for a valid
reason. (Example: Confirmation ofshareholders to which the Shareholders Benefit
System [kabunushi yutai seido] applies.)

Book-Entry Transfer Institution (“BETI”)

Account Management
Institution(Direct BETI participant)Account Management
Institution(Direct BETI participant)Preparation
andmanagementof theTransfer
Account Book

Account Management
Institution(Indirect BETI participant)Account Management
Institution(Indirect BETI participant)Account Management
Institution(Indirect BETI participant)Participant(shareholder)

Participant(shareholder)

Participant(shareholder)

Participant(shareholder)“Account Transfer”
★
★

★
★
★

★

Shareholder management is performed using the “list of shareholders” only.
Registration of new shareholders is made pursuant to notices (“Notice Concerning All Shareholders” preparedbased on the information contained in the Transfer Account Book) issued by the Book-Entry Transfer Institution.
(Notices are sent to the issuers at certain times, such as at the end of settlement periods.)
In connection with the implementation of the paperless system, deposit and delivery of actual certificates [genbutsu
kenmen] will be abolished.
Transfers of shares, issuance of new shares, etc., will all be implemented through account transfers and become
effective upon the increase or decrease of the balance in the accounts.
Users of the Custody/Book-Entry Transfer System can transition to the new Book-Entry Transfer System smoothly
without any need to take particular action.
(Note: The number of paper share certificates deposited under the Custody/Book-Entry Transfer System has been
increasing every year. As of March 31, 2007, the deposit rate was 81.4%.)
Those shares which are represented by paper share certificates not deposited under the Custody/Book-Entry Transfer
System at the time of transition to the new system (i.e., paper share certificates held by the shareholders themselves,
which are either in the name of the shareholders or in the name of others due to the shareholders’ failure to registerthemselves as shareholders) will be managed in the Special Accounts opened at Account Management Institutions
designated by the issuers. In order to implement an ordinary book-entry transfer of such shares, such shares mustfirst be transferred to a Transfer Account opened by the shareholder in accordance with prescribed procedures.