a .ft"'~±~~~~~-!~fTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 5

..

Palaeontological Society of Japan

February 15, 1952

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
209. On the Mutation of Fossil Glycimeris rotunda.

. . . Jiro MAI<IY AMA 131

210. Stratigraphical and Palaeontological Studies of the Later Palaeozoic
Calcareous Algae in Japan II.

Several previously described Species

from the Sakamotozawa Section, Hikoroichi-mura, Kesen·gun, in the
Kitakami Massif. . . . . . . .

Ryuji ENno 139

211. On Mansuyia and the Tsinanidae

Teiichi KnuAYASJIJ 145

212. Permian Microfossils in the Dodo Conglomerate of the Yasuba Type
Kenji KoNISJil 155
PROCEEDINGS.

President:

Hisakatsu YARE

Councillors:

Kiyoshi AsANo, Ryuji

E~oo,. . . . . . 166

E~no,(Business and Accountant), Seido

Haruyoshi FuJI!\iOTo, Shoshiro 1-IANZAWA,

Ichiro HAYASAKA,

Teiichi KoBAYASHI (Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATsU:viOTO, Masao
MINATo, Tsuneteru OINOMIKAno (Publication), Tokio S!IIKAMA, Koiti
SuzuKI, Fuyuji TAKA! (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YAm·:.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. ·N.S., No. 5, pp. 131-138, 5 text-figs. Feb. 15, 1952.

209. ON THE MUTATION OF THE FOSSIL
GLYCYMERIS ROTUNDAJIRO MAKIY AMAD
Kyoto Univer5ity

1tT:i Glycymcris rotu11da vli'JJS·~: ilil~WJI.Ii~~HI-Jil[rll'f.l.$ (~'iW<=.'H~~) tcUH Glycymeris
ro!!lllda V)\ihimv*fi:!fH: :f!Wr l-1.:. 0 :1!!!.1'(~!tr.., l.::~it 0 f.ji'[,·t.;: '12!1:~ J!IK T <-? k !HI~ c T ~ 0 11\ll v
J.&v"~7" tr ~~'ii::'. L.~IJIJ:::.~*m{tr7.> c. c ~l!lhttco LB ~titft ~ cJlH~·o:~~J!ij. bVffic ")~t-c'h v,

JlRiiff.:t~Vt-?c t-~·< bA.-"Cv•<.>$ci'ii3tlfiicVl!ilf·c::t.:oo lllf~".)~JJij.ctJflto:>1&t.lot !:i:~~l.::-~- < !':> JJ..~:t}· ( t.J: !J. (f.l·.lb ·et.r. < t.;:-?-c~,:;, Mlf.J~:~2.Y.> G.!J. ~ o ltifi.Qv td'J =f.ti'-~l.ID\'fr*fr. ii%J1i1liHl!.'l' Hit-::> td:-f&n'~t..:illW:
fi:l'ili•Jll tc tC::Jtt.:''t t:::. ;I? r, o 1!HfH:t'i~ c L.-r:;9n~i.H.\ll!l:UIJ,fi)j!<OOj'V~U!!\ ,i;jl;J:fj; !f;Jj T 7.> c. ct.:: .\lh ·~.{.teo ~t-'tiJ:t'ilfRF~<-? c. o:>*i(~il· !':> i'H.:. tv·<: :b '6 o

Hv·"Cv• ~ o l-j· LL.O$f;I;-V).A1' >t r -7·1.::~JUi! ~ .fl-::;. 0;fii\JIJ;:j{~f>represent the Japonic Upper Pliocene.
The mutation is more precisely shownby a statistic method than in usual
observation. The method has been appraised by the writer several years ago
with Glycymeris yessoensis (SoWERBY)2>of the Pleistocene.
Dr. Tokubei KuRoDA of Kyoto University kindly afforded living specimens
for co:nparison. This note appears as
Kechicnjian fauna series no. 2 3l; and isa partial result of the work granted byGoverment-Science Research fund, Edu·
cational Department.

ABSTRACT

A conchometric study of Glycymeris
rotunda from the Upper Pliocene or the
Kechienjian stage in Shizuoka prefecture,
Japan. The object is to examine minorchanges during the geological age. Measurable parameters such as LB ratio(length-largest umbonal diameter ratio), inflation, crenation and ligament
growth are only chosen to deal with.
The samples were obtained from thetwo different horizons of the Kechienjian
rocks. The shell had passed into a lessinflated and less oblique form of theupper horizon-the Nango formationfrom that of the lower horizon -theHosoya formation. Some materials of
the later ages and remote places arealso measured for comparison.

LoCAT.lTY AND STRATIGRAPHY
The sequence of members in the
Kakcgawa group3 has been described
elsewhere in former p:1pers, but the

INTRODUCTION

Re:ld Feb. 19 19.J.9; received June 28, 1951.
1) formerly spelled "Ketienzi:ln" Mem. Sci.,
Kyoto Unit'. B-16, 15, 1941.
2) On the variation of the fossil Glycymeris
yessoensis, The Venus vol. 2, 102-116, 1930.
3) The Kechienjian fauna series no. 1 : Evolution of the gastropod genus Siphonalia etc.
Mem. Sci. Kyoto Univ. B-16, 75-93, 19•U.

l)

Glycymeris 1·otzmda (DuNtmR) is a very
common bivalve in the Pliocene rocks of
the Kakegawa group in Shizuoka prefecture. It is especially abundant in a
few horizons of the upper part of the
Kakegawa, to which, a stage name"Kechienjian "I> was given so as to131Jiro MAKIYAMA

132

generali1.ed column may be given here,
in ascending order :Such ianStage

I. Dainichi sand, 30m.
2. Lowt>r Tenno fine sand, 40m.
{ 3. Upper Tl.'nno transitional beds,
30m.
·l. Hosoya formation. silt andtuff. 30m.
5. Kango formation, alternating
s:mds and muds, 280m.

Kechienjian
Stage

{

6. Hijikata formation, chiefly
massive mud, 220m.

The lower stage name " Suchian " isproposed herewith, replacing "Dainichian=Dainitian ", which is homonymouswith Dainichi sand. Also no. 6. Hijikata
formation will be used . instead of" Kechienji Bed. "Glycymeris t'otrmda is rather rare
below the Hosoya, but is very common
in the lower part of the Kechienjian
stage. A considerable number of specimens has been collected from the Nango
at a locality (Loc. 431), a ro:~.d side cutting near Tonbe about 4lnn. northwestof Kakegawa CE 138°1 1 : N 3-1°461).
Other two Jots have been obtained
from the Hosoya in Ugari and lida
about 8 km. WN\V of Kakegawa andnorth of Fukuroi station, Tokaido RR.
These are Loc. 530 and 52-l respectively.
Not enough quantity of sample wac; able
to be taken from other exposures of theKcchienjian sediments.
METHOD OF MEASUREli!ENT

Shells of Glycymeris are rather· lessvariable than other forms of bivalves inview of descriptive conchology. The
variation can be made clear hy an exact
conchomctric method. To avoid a tedious work, a few parameters were only
measured.
The parameters are notnccessarilly the same as the dimensions
usually measured in descriptive conchology. In this case, a more acculately

measurable dimensions should be chosen.
The shells of normal species of Glycymeris are orbicular in outline, evenhigher than long in some forms. Lengthof such a shell is not very difficult tomeasure directly with ordinal watchmaker's callipers, being the distance
between the anterior and posterior ends.
It is more convenient to fix the greatest
diameter from the beak to the posterior
ventral margin (bb' in Fig. 1.), insteadof the height right angles to the length.
As an observance, the length is parallelto the hinge line. This is observed in ablFig. !.

majority of pelecypods. The basal lineof the low triangle of the ligament area
in Glycymeris is well defined. However,
it is not parallel to 11', the length, in G.
1·otzmda. G. to/omieusis, Suchian species
is differentiate from the present species
under consideration being the basal line
parallel to 111• The largest umbonal
diameter bb' of G. 1·otunda does notcoincide with the height and its length
111 lies low in the ventral side. In G.
yessoe11sis, the height is at about bb' and
11' lies at the middle of the shell height.
These well-marked keys to the speciesof Japonic Glycymeris have been mentioned in a former paper.4>1!) Loc. cit., sec (2)On the Mutation of the Fossil Glycymcris rotmzda

To make errors as small as possible,
every parameter of each valve has beenmeasured repeatedly, at least eighttimes. In doing this, a valve is disposed
its inside up at first, then it was turned
over ; the pair of callipers is applied
from right and left in turn. For instance, a length is measured from thedorsal side and the ventral side inalternation. So, there arc four different
ways, each of which is repeated at least
twice. The median of these eight ormore measures is chosen as the measured value of the parameter of that
individual.
Not only parameters, but also numbersof the ligament ridges and the crenationof the inner margins were counted. The
crenation, however, becomes too small
and faint toward the both ends to read.
Carefully observing the inner surface ofthe shell, there are found two ~ell­marked lines that are extending fromthe beak to the ventral margin, often
making a more or less strong ridges,
one just behind the anterior adductor
scar, and the other just in front of theposterior adductor scar. The crenae ofthe ventral margin between both thelimits are well impressed.

fore, true thickness of closed valves is
unknmvn. Here a thickness is definedas the distance from the plane of inside
mitrgin to the most inflated point of theouter surface. This distance is measurable with callipers.
To test similarity of the left and rightinflations, they were measured separately, For instance, the data of Loc. 524
may well show the equivalency of theleft and right inflations.
The difference of the means is 0.003
and the square root of the addition ofsquares of each standard error of meanis 0.073919. Therefore the inflations of

INFLATION

Inflation is the ratio of thickness tolength. As has been mentioned, thefossil materials at hand are all of
detached left and right valves, There·

Fig. 2. Overlapped histograms ofleft and right inflations; R. right,
L: left, RI.: overlapped column;
frequency in percent.

Table 1. Inflations of left and right valves from Loc. 524.
I
1

\

1

nu~~ I

Right valve

263

Left valve

2•l2

I

133

mean infla~i~ _ standard deviation
3.6012±0.05138

0.8332~-- 3.6(1()9-±o.os~ --- --0~267_____

134

Jiro 1\fAI(lYAMA

left and right valves are insignificantly
different from each other at least in G.
rotunda of Loc. 524. The case of Loc.
431 was also attE-sted. Samples of otherseries of the same species may be
assumed to he equivalve. The table

Table 2.
formation
Hosoya f.

I][

Mean inflation.

Loc.

mean inflation±
standard error

Standard
deviation

Numb2r

Loc.!i24

3.6 ms ± o.o:>314

0.8332304

Loc. 530

3.65342±0.01·161

0.292320

3.2430:1~: ()_QBBR9

0.8889100

4.32410±0.17315

0.5475103.64535±0.01).133

0.3151----------II__
II_I- I - - Nan~~~--Loc. 41_1_ _1]izodo f.
Nishi-K~niyoshi.
IV
Ch1ha

I

L___ _ _!--v

below shows mean inflations thus fixed.
Although the data of II, IV and V
were estimated with small number:; ofsamples, the values may worth in com·
parison.

-- -- --I Off Kochi, Shikoku

Uving

Table 3.

I values and differences in inflation.

v

IV

O.S1

insignificant

3.98
significant

1.23
significant

386
si ;:nificant

3.n7
significant

5.S6

1--

III

It

3.46
significant

insignifi::ant

0.95- - - - - -

II

I~
I IV

I

'

I

~--

4.S4
significant----

significant

3.63
signific::mt

Looking over the two tables, it isnoticed that the inflation became smaller
during the evolution course from the
Hosoya to the Nango time. B:tt this is
not a general evolutionary tendency of
G. rotunda, as shown by another groupof material. The shell has never beengetting less inflated since the Pliocene.
The Pleistocene specimens (IV) are moreswollen, while the living form (V) is a
resemblant to the Pliocene 1-Iosoya form.

The histogram (Fig. 3) shows the in·flations of the two groups-1, Loc. 524
and III, Loc. 431, frequencies represented
in percent. The overlapp::tl area is alittle larger th:m a third of the entire.
LB RATIO
The ratio 11' : bb' is called LB ratio inshort. The estimated means and theirstandard deviations of the five groups
are as follows:On the Mutation of the Fossil GIJcymeris rotunda

135

Table 4. 11ean LB Ratio.
form:1tion

Loc.

Means± Standard
errorStandard
deviation- - -1---:r-~Hosoya f.

Loc. 52•lII

Loc. 530
----

I

III -

I

IV

I

Nango f.

Loc. 431

Jizodo f.

Nishikuniyoshi,
Chiba

~----

1

V

I

0.0:626

1.0590±0.00155

0.03109

----

30·1
20
- - -

1.0516±0.00:171

0.03711100

1.0·108± 0.01053

O.O:'l328

100.02426

22- - - - -- -Living1.0638 ± 0.00216

Number I- - -Off Kochi, Shikoku

1.0231±0.00517

zon. Ho\vever, the difference from the
Nango set is considerable. The Pliocene
forms are evidently very different fromthe living representative.
CRE~ATION

Fig. 3. OverlappEd histogram of theinflations I and III; frequency in percent.

The above table shows that the LB
ratio is getting smaller and smallerfrom the late Pliocene to the Recent.
The tendency is affirmed by the calculation of t values.
Significancies of the compared means
arc also shown in the above table. The
difference between the groups of Lac.
524 and Loc. 530 is insignificant, inas·much as they belong to the same hori·

A crenation is the number of crenae
between the inside edges of the adductor
scars. Each inside edge is clearly marked by a radial line as has been stated.
G. rotu1lda of the Hosoya formation at
Lac. 52·1 has a crenation between 18 and
33. The examined samples consist of
32·11eft and 284 right valves. In bothcases, the mode is 25, but the mode
coefficient is 17.59% by the left valves
and 19.68% by the right valves. The
coefficient of variation is 9.624.% and8.737% respectively. The tnean numberof valves is 304, the mean crenation is25.304 and the standard deviation is
2.250. Material from the other localityof the same horizon (Loc. 530) is sopoor in number as only 20, but the
crenation is different from that of Loc.
52·1. 135 valves of Loc. 43L in the
Nango formation give significantly difcrcnt values of the mode and mean.
The Pleistocene and Recent examples
are also different in crenetion from the
Kechienjian valves.

Jiro MAKIYAMA

136

Table 5. i values and differences in LB ratio

J-v

IV

II

ill

7.04
very significant

2.H

2.H

1.74

p.... 0.02

P""0.02

insignificant

II

6.62

1.72

1.11
insignificant

III

·1.92
significant

p~;o0.01

I_ _ _ ~ sign~fi~ant _ _i_ns_i_gn_i_fi_ca_n_t__
2.83

2.90

IV

P""O.Ol--------

Table 6.

IIformation

Locality

Hosoya f.

Loc. 52·l

11Loc. 530- - -----III
Nango f.
IV

Loc. 431

Off !<cchi,

v

IV

•

I 25
20
25.-100±0.471
2.107---1'-------1------1----1
I 23
23.437±0.193
2.22·1135

3.15
significant
2.52
p=r0.0210985-J·--

1-22 - - - 1- - - - - - - ' - - - - - ·- - - - ' - - - -t values and differences in crenation.

I

IV

I

15.33
very significant

8.18
very significant

6.19

3.93
significant

I2.52
p~0.022.561

1~29 1-zs-.773±0.500- ---- - - - - - - - -2.18
P""'0.02

I

Standard

mean±s. c.

Number
I devi:Jtion- -2-5-~--25-.304-±-0.-12_9_1 _ _2_.250___ )--3-0.-1-I

Shikoku

Table 7.

III

mode

Nishi·~~~~~·oshC~-3-l- -3-1-.200±0.810

Jizodo f.

Ll·v·.·ng -- 1-V'-----'---------'II

Mode and mean of crenation.

,---

I very significant

I

I

II
1.36
insignificant

_/

2.95
significant

,--I

lll
- - - - -I

-----

I

It is evident that there is no definite
tendency of evolution in crenation of G.
rotuttda since the Pliocene. A Suchian
form G. totomiensis MAKIYAMA has been

supposed akin to G. rotunda. But theSuchian species has a smaller crenation,
the mode being 20 and the mean being
19.9.

On the Mutation on the Fossil Glycyme, is rotmzda

45

•

20

/\,'\'\I\

" /
f

/
;

.

I
I
I

\\
••I X\\
,:

I/

'

.

/
I "'
~...

.

/

•' '
20

I

137

10

\~~---~~~--==-~-,,

I
I
\

I

"\ \•I

I><'\•,' .
I''

30

Fig. 4. Frequency curves of crenalions(pen cent)- - - • - - - Loc. 524.
x - Lo::. 431.

LIG,\MENT RIDGES

Multiplicatioi1 of the ligament ridges
has been tested with G. yessoensis. The
correlation between the number and thelength has been shown fairly well. Thisis also made clear with the materials at
disposal as shown in fig 5 a, b, which
arc not essentially different. The correlation coefficient of 550 valves from
Loc. 524 is 0.6392 with SHEPPARD's correction, and that of 135 individuals from
Loc. 431 is 6.3323.
SuMMARY ANn CoNcLUSioN

The conchometric study of G. 1·otrmdaof the Kechienjian stage reveals minorchanges of characters durng the geological ages. There is an evident evolution,
shell getting less oblique as shown by
LB ratios. nut there is no defmite
tendency throughout the geologic ages
in other parameters. The races aredifferent from place to place as well asfrom time to time. A race is fairly

Fig. 5.

Len~,'th-Ligament

Correlatbn Diagrams
A. Loc. 411. 135 shells;
B, Loc. 524, 550 shells;
Maxima>S ?o,Contour li~es, 7%-1.%;
Broken line, 0.1%;
Abscissa, ligament

uniform in its minor characters. The
race of Loc. 524 is the same race as thatof Loc. 540. In the Kakegawa Pliocene
sea at the early Kcchienjian Hosoya
times, there lived a race of G. rotunda
well differentiated from the others. But
the shell became thinner entering the
middle Kechienjian Nango times.
1
1 hc Pleistocene of Chib:1 prefecture
far away from the Kakegawa area
yields a quite different type of G.
1·otunda which suggests no direct connection with the Kechicnjian pedigree. The
living specimens from the sea off Koehl,
Shikoku, belong to a different race from

138

Jiro MAKIYAMA

those of the Kechienjian stage and the
Pleistocene of Chiba.
G. 1·otuuda is an inhabitant of thewarm waters around Western Japan,
while G. yessoensis takes the place inthe northeastern colder water:>. The
latter species from the Pliocene andPleistocene rocks have been worked out
several years ago in the same investiga·
tion. The result is very much like thepresent work.
With these criteria, it is not impossible
to come to a conclusion that at least
within a limited biotope a species evolves
step by step with a definite tendency.
But it is not clear whether the mode ofcharacter shifts continuously or jumps
spasmodically. A new character may
arise by saltation (mutation in DE VRIEs'
sense).
At the same time, such asaltatory character appeared in a few
individuals among a large pop~tlation
may have not an effect to the statistic
datum of that population. Therefore acontinuous movement of a frequency
curve, which represents a parameter ofa biocharacter, to a definite direction
Pari Passu the pass:1ge of time, may be
more probable than accidental revolutions of the same biocharacter in a
majority of the entire population.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan N.S., No. 5 pp. 139-144, Feb. 15, 1952.

210. STRATIGRAPHICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICALSTUDIES OF THE LATER PALEOZOICCALCAREOUS ALGAE IN JAPAN II.
-Several previously described sp~cies from the Sakamotozawa s:ction,
IIikoroichi-mura, Kts~n-gun, in the Kitakm1i Mountai~1ous Landi'-

RIU]I END0 2>

a *.if: tmiil~tft:W'k~<?Mft"f:r,'J."&ti~~!¥~!JiVf3t ~=~ r ;;; f.lM-~ft(f ilHI ~j{ilitl.lfi 1>-DUl
lkflli ~;: "='~ • 't'J 'fi f-W:~ftllllf, II tiirliit.!ti·f>:iR n YH~iR -t: !I"" " "'iP b~!l~ l-1.: J:~i1i!l'.l'i: li~~ft
1i'lr, lJilr4lJffili:J:1,fn f!<·e~nLr.:~:~@lf.>:. 7\:A<?~i!f&;.::»· ~ 9 t VJ 41''1!. f:llt.n!J'1Jii£Lf!}t.n· t
VJ 2 tR a: ;;t~t& L 1.: o HUii!i:*
SYSTEMATIC DESCI{I!'TION

INTRODUCTioN AND AcKNOWI.EDGEMEKTS

For the symbols used for the measurementsin this desrription, see Art. 208 in the preceding numb:r of this journal.

This is the second paper on the fossil
algae from the Sakamotozawa section,
Hikoroichi-mura, Kesen-gun, lwate Pref.,belonging to the Dasycladaceae. The
description include G genera, namely
MacroPorclla, Dip!opora, Teutloporella,
AtractyliojJsis (?), Mizzia, and AntlwacoPorel/a.
I take this opportunity to express myhearty thanks to Prof.]. Harlan JoH"'soN,
Colorado School of Mines, for his helpful
suggestions and criticisms. I express
also my graditude for the financial help
provided by the Educational Department.

Class CHLOROPHYTA
Subclass CHLOROI'HYC,EAE
Order SIPHONOCLADALESFamily Dasycladaccac
Genus AutlwacoPorella PIA, 1920
Anthracoporella Spectabilis PtA
Plate 12, Figures 6·7
1920.

Anthracoporella sPcctahilis PIA, ZoolBotan. Gesell. in IVicn, Rmd 11, llcft
2, pp. 15-18, Pl. 1, Figs. 7-11.

Anthracoporella spectabilis PIA'

J.fcasr~rcmcrrls

No. 72
No. 70a.

Dd5.21 mm.
8.9

3.€47mm.
6.7

p

OJJ419mm.
0.0~21s
0.7815mm.
10941

w

about 150±

DescriPliom :-Specimen may indicate
the presence of crusty base from which
cylindrical thalli develop. Thalli rela·
tively thick, winding, pinching and swell·ing. They finely dichotomously branched, and some of them is 18.5 mm. long.

1) Read April 5, 1951; received June, ~8.
1951.
2) Contribution from the Laboratory of Earth
Sciences, Liberal Arts, ~aitama University
in Urawa.
139

140

Riuji ENDO

There arc several thalli in one slide
which have different diameters. It meansthat a thallus is many times branchedand develops small as well as large
branches at different places. The specimens show a thick calcareous wall which
probably included the area from theexterior to the stem cell. The branches
are represented by "pores " in the fossils.
In the present species there are many
pores in a whirl, more than 170 poresare found 1 mm~ of outer surface pores
extend outwardly with about same diameters from the inner surfaces to theouter surfac<>S of the calcareous wall andbifurcate on its midway, some of them
may tertiary, dichotomously branched.
Diameter of ordinary pores 0.004190.0521 mm. and that of finer bifurcate
pores about 0.00·3 mm. Pores arc nearly
perpendicular to the outer surfaces andusually opened to the exterior, but somespecimens show an outer thin calcareous
wall, in the latter case, the outside
openings of pore are closed. No sporangia were observed. Since the innerside of stem cell is densely filled bycalcareous matter, no structure wasobserved.
ComParisons:- The present specimens
appear identical with European specimens described by PIA in having dichotomously branching thalli, bifurcate
pores and about the same numericalvalues of diameters of different parts.
Remm·ks :-The obsen'ed specimens
are associated with Hikorocodittm e!egantae.
Occttrreuce :-Lower Carboniferous, Onimaru Series: in the grey limestone

bed which rests on the Permian strata
by faulting in the north Sakamotozawa
section.
Cotypes:-L. E. S., Saitama Univ., Slides
70, 72, Specimen 10759.

1\.fizzia Velebita11a ScHUBERTPlate 12, Figure 5
1907.

19J8.

1903.

1908.
1908.

1920.

1925.

1937.

1940.

19,!2.

1942.

195 L.

1lfizzia SCHUBERT, K. k. Gcol. Reiclzsa11.
stall, Vcrha11dl. Wim, 110. 8, p. 212.
Mizzia t·clebitana ScnummT, K. k. Geol.
Reiclzsanslalt, JVicn, ]allrbuclr Band 58,
Heft 2, p. 382, PI. 16, Figs. 8-12.
Afizzia velcbitmza KARPINSKY. Russ.
llfi11. Gesell. Verh., Ser. 2, Vol. 46, p.
262, Pl. 3, Figs. 6-9.
1\fizzia cf. velcbi/01111 KARI'INSKY, idem.
p. 266, Pl. 3, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 10-13.
Guadalupitl? sp. GIR1'Y, U. S. Geol.
Survey, Prof. Paper fiB, p. 8S, Pl. 5,
Figs. 7-11.
JV!izzia vclebilmra PIA, Zooi-BotmL Gesell.,IVicu, Ablz., Band 11, llefl 2, p. 19,
Pl. 1, Figs. 12-23.
Mizzia t'elebifalla OzAwA, ] our. Coli.
Sci. Tokyo Univ., Vol. 45, Art. 6, p. 5,
Pl. 1, Figs. 1a, 2a : Pl. 2, Figs. 6b, 7c.
Mizzia velebifana PIA, 2mc Cong. St,al.
Cm·bo11if. llccrle11 1935, Compte rc11du,
p. 765, PI. 9, Fig. 3.
Mizzia velebilana PIA, Adad. JViss. JVie11,
1\fatll.-natur. Kl., Sitzungsber.
Mizzia velebila11a JOHNSON and DoRR,]our. Pale. Vol. 16, No. 1, pp 71-73,
Pl. 9. Figs. 1-3 : Pl. 10, Figs. 2, 3, 5 ;Pl. 11, Figs. 1-2.
1\fizzia relebitona JoHNSON, Geol. Soc.
America Bull., l"ol. 53, pp. 203-205,
Pl. 2; Figs. 1, 2, 4: Pl. 3, Figs. 1, 2. 3.
Mizzia velcbi/Oiza joHNSoN, ] our. Pole.
Bull., Val. 25, No. 1, pp. 23-24, Pl. 7,
Figs. 1-4.

Mizzia ulebitana SCHUBERT
1\feasurcmwls
D

Nu. 82_I~----

d

p

g(w)

1.6151 mm. 1.4588 mm. 0.2307 mm. 25±

sts

l.OtL 0 mm. 0.0€4 -mm.

I

I
I

Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of the Later Paleozoic C:1lcareous Algae

141

of important structures of the plant.
Occzerre1tce :-:Middle Permian: in the
banded limestone of the upper part of
the Sakamotozawa section.
P/esiotypes :-L. E. S., Saitama Univ.,
Slides 82, Specimen 10761.

DescriPtions:-The measurements, beadlike structure of thallus, charactersof pores of the present specimens indicate that they are identical with thetypical European species of lvlizzia
velebitaua ScHUnEwr.
Remarlls :-The calcification is greatly
valiable in these specimens. In specimen
No. 67 (not illustrated), it extends inward
nearly to the stem cell, while specimen
No. 82 has a very thin calcareous layer
which may cover nearely all the outlines

Genus Atracty!iopsis PIA, 1937

Atradyliopsis (?) sp.
Pbte 12, Figure 4.

AtraclylioPsis (?) sp.
, Ilfcasuremcnts

1\o. 29

D

d

p

s

3.126 mm.

2.08! mm.

0.367<1. mm.

0.521 mm.

Descriptions:-Illustr <1 ted specimen
broad, longitudinal quadrilateral, tapering slightly to apical portion. Poresround and unbranched, usually closed in
the calcareous body, but appear to beopened in two or three instances. The
pores may be interpreted as the sporangia. The illustrated specimen may
constitute a detached member from thethallus. The thallus breaks off into theindividual members similarly to Afizzia.
Remarks :-All the features statedabove show its very close affinity to
the genus Atractyliopsis described by
Pr,\ in 1937 from Europe. The present
specimen seems to belong to a new
species, but until better specimens canbe obtained it is not wise to give specific name.
This specimen is found in associatedMeasurements
in mm

No. 63

with Mizzia velebitana ScHUBERT.
Occurrettce :-Middle Permian: in thelimestone of upper part (No. 2) in the
Sakamotozawa section.
Cotype :-L. E. S., Saitama University,
Slide 29, Specimen 10762.
Genus Teutlopot·e/la PIA, 1912

Teutloporella cfr. Triasitta ScHAUROTH
Plate 12. Figure 3.
Chaetetes? triasiuus SCHAUROTH, Verzeiclmi.<, p 285 ..
1912. Teut/oporella triasiua PIA, Neue Studietl,
p. 39. Pl. 4, Fi•5s. 12 -19.
1920. TeutloPorella triasi11:1 PIA, Zool-Botatz.
Gesell., Wie11, Abh, B:md 11, Heft 2,
p. 49.
1859.

Teutloporel/a cfr. triasina SC!IA UROTI!
D

d

st

s

. \ 6.5

4.0

2.709

1.3025i-Ieight of a segment_________
P__________o~f~ann~atio_n____0.2084 broadest part.

0.9899Riuji ENDO

142

Though the present species is basedby only one fragmental specimen, yet
it has many characteristic features whichshow closely affinities with Teut!opm·cl!atriasina. The writer described as fallows.
Description :-The calcareous body,10.5 mm. long, broadly cylindrica.l, straight and consising of fine annulations.
The annulat:ed body shows rather deep
furrows which sometimes attained to thecentral axis. Branches (pores) given off
from the central stem as rather broad
expantions which gradually into very
slender hair-like passages toward exterior. Pores are somewlnt ascending towards exterior and arranged as de·finite whorls. The basal, spherical partof pores seem to be sporangia. Diarne·ters of pore are rather large in thelowest vertisillate series in a annulation,then gradually become narrower upward
until the uppermost series in a sameannulation. Then they expand again in
the basal part of the next annulation,
again narrowing gradually upward to
the top layer of the ring.
Remarlls :-As seen from the above
description, the present specimen is very
similar to Teutlopore/la triasina SciiAUROTH from European Triassic formations.
11-lcasurcmcnts

Nevertheless, the Japanese specimen
differs slightly in having more discoidal(shorter) annulation. If in the future
the writer may able to get more andbetter specimens, a more detailed comparison with European species may showwhether this species is exactly identicalwith T. triasina. At present, it does
not appear wise to attempt to identify
them as exactly the same. The writer
has therefore described this as an all:ed
species.
Occurrence :-Middle Permian: The
olJ3crved specimen is collected from thelimestone bed at the uppermost part(No. 2) in the Sakamotozawa section.
Plesiotypc :-1. E. S., Saitama Univ.,
Slide No. 63, Specimen No. 10766.

Dip/opora Phanerospora PIA
Plate 12, Figure 2.
192J. Diplopora p!nmcrosPora PIA, Zool-Boian.
Gese.'l.. Wic11, Ablz., Band 11, Heft 2,
p. 59, Pl. 4, Figs. 1-10.
1926. Dip!opora PlmcrosPora PIA, Pflmzcn als
Gcstcins. p. 121, 5 Text-figs.
1930. DiPlopora PhanerosPora PIA, Rec. Ceo!.
Surv. India. Vol. 63, Part 1. p. 177,
Text-fig. 1. Pl. 4, Figs. 10-12.

I_________________D_I_P_Io_P_o_ra__P_h_a_l:c_t_·o_~P_o_r_a_I_'_IA______________~

I

s
p
D
d
I----N-o-.-2-7.---~--1.980mn~93-~-,n-l_m_.-b-r-oa_d_es__
t -p-a-rt______O_·_l8_9_m_m_.____
O.-l-56_n_l_m_.--1
0.625 narrowest part

Descriptio1l :-Thallus may composedof spherical members, suggesting a string of beads, so U1e thallus shows an
i!merannulation, its diameter of thebroadest and narrowest parts are measured respectively as 0.!>38 and 0.625. In
the spheroidal inner chamber, one may
be able to find several hollow spheres,(1,156 mm. in diameter, which may beinterpreted as the sporangia. Branches
expand moderately from the central axis
toward to the exterior, then they gradually narrow ami give rise to tufts offiner branches at its middle part. Branches are almost perpendicular and theyextend to the exteriors. Specimen shows
rather thick calcareous walls which pro·bably included the area from the exterior

Stratigraphical and P.1leontolo6ical Studie; of the L:tter Paleozoic Calcareous Algae

143

identical with that of the type specim:!nin Europ~ and one may not find any
specific difference between Japanese andELtropean sp~cimens. This is believed
to be the first rep:lrted occurrence of
this genus in Japan and the first recordof it in Permian strata.
Occurrence :-Lower Permian: In thelimestone of lower part of the Sakamotozawa section.
Plesiotype :-L. E. S., Saitama Univ.,
Slide 27, Specimen 10767.

to near the stem c~ll. However a very
narrow uncalcified sp:1.ce may b:! developed between the central stem celland outer calcareous p:1rt. A thin black
calcareous layer may cover the outsideof stem cell.
Remarks :-The exact geological agesof formerly described specimens of D.
phattervspora were unknown however,PIAsuggested that it is probably
Triassic. The present specimen wascollected by the writer himself in theLower Permian in associated with RpimasioPora japmzica and Anclzicodium
magnum. As may be seen from theabwe description, the general featuresof the present specimen are almostly

Genus Macroporella Pl.\, 1912

Macrop01·ella ? sp.
Plate 12, Figure 1

Macroporella? 5p.
!Yfe.1surements
No. 14Dds

1.5630 mm

1.042mm02034mm

Descriptio1ls :-Thallus rather long andslender, tap~ring gradually to a rounded
end. Pores slender. gradually exp:1.nd
toward exterior and usually op::ming
to exterior. These features of the poresare characteristic of the genus Macro·porel/a some of pores in this species
sometimes may develop from the central
stem at slender pedicel like filament
with a globular termination which suggests tho3e characteristic of genus Gyroporclla.
The pores are spJ.ces ·at
regular intervals along the thallus.
They appear to have been developed
approximately perpendicular to the mainstem. The specimens show rather thickcalcareous walls which probably incrustf'cl the area from the exterior to thestem cell. No reproductive organs wereobserved.
Remarks:-The specimen seems tobelong to a new species.
However,since this specimen is too poorly prcsen·ed to be given any special name, I
describe it here as an undetermined
species. The present specimen is foundin associated with Anchicodirem magnum,
Epimaslopora japo11ica, Hikot'ocodium
elegantae and Osagia sp.
Occurrence :-Lower Permian: In the
banded limestone at the middle andlower parts of the Sakamotozawa section.
Types :-L. E. S., Saitama Univ., Slides
14, Specimen 10764.
For BIHLioGRAI'IIY, see Art. 208 in thepreceding number of this journal.

1'44

Riuji ENDO

Explanation of Plate 12
H. no =Fossil horizon number
S. =South section
Macropor~l/a, DiPlopora,Fig. 1.

N. =North section
S. no.=Siide number

TeutloPorella, .4traclyloPsis, Mizzia and At~lhracoPorella.

Macroporella sp. ( x 15).
Oblique longitudinal section. (5. no 14).
Lower Per~1ian: Limestone in the north and south Sakamotouwa sections. (II. nos.
N. 11, S. 15).
Dip/opora PhanerosPora Pl.~. ( x 15).
R:tther fragmental longitudinal sectioa showing spheric:tl inner chamber, several hollow
spheres and outlines of p:>res. (S. no. 27).
Locality the same as fig. 1. (H. no. S. 12).
. Tcutloporella cfr. triasitJa _SCHAUROTH. ( x 9).
. A longitudinal sectiln .showing annulation of b:>dy, a systematic·1l regular arrangement·of J>Ores. (S. no. 63).
·
Middle Permian : Limestone in the uppermost p:trt of the. north Sakamotoz'lwa section.
(II. no. N. 2).
Fig. 4.
Alractyliopsis (?) sp. ( x 15).
A longitudinal section shoWing characteristic p:>res and we!l.detined wall. (S. no. 29).
Middle Permi:m: Limestone in the uppermost p~rt of the south Sakamotozawa
section. (II. no. S. 2).
Fig. 5.
Mizzia velebita·,a ScHUBERT. ( x 15).
Transverse section. (S. ·no. 82).
Middle Permi:ln: Limestone in the upp~r- p:trt of the Sakamotozawa section. (H.
nos. N. 5, 7, 10, S. 2, 5).
Figs. 6-7. AnlhracoPorella sPectabilis PIA. ( x 9).
6. Transverse section, showing dichotomously branching of pores. (S. no. 70). ·7. Longitudin:1l Sf'Ction, showing pinching and swelling of thallus. (S. no. 72) ..
Lower C:trboniferous. Onimaru Series: Lin1est6ne in the north Sakamotozaw:l section.
(II. no. N. 1).

Es uo : Cnlc.:\reous Algae

Pi.ATI! 12

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 5, pp. 145 -154·, 2 text-figs. Feb. 15. 1952.
Mis:ellaneous Notes on the Cambro-Ordovician Geology and Pal:leonto!ogy No. XXIV.

211. ON MANSUYIA AND THE TSINANIDAEDTEIICHI KOBAYASHI
Gcol. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo.

Mansuyia c Tsinanidae l~lilv·-c-MmzsuJia tc!YJ·to~J.'iLl:vi.ll,~Li-fiW~*IilZ~; Pro·
clmangia ! Tsinania .!: V}! ltf"C: b =!>')~a:}~ ¥,\i L '!= 0 l[ 1;: Tsinanidae a: Tsit1a11ia, Dictyifl'S,
Dictyella KI'H~LZ~!Ji.v5f~I=~.HL. Tsina11ia ca11N1s V;JfEmlt.:OO·toll~a:rcil· ~;f;L-clt•7.>o ~Villt*!lll{iliiViX:Vllli!dlll1:tl7"1-1.1·=-v~.t•t~J:

Mausuyia is one of the Upper Cambrian trilobite genera with a pair ofspines on the pygidium. Its taxonomic
confusion is tried here to straighten out
as far as possible. Its generic concept
thus grasped reveals a connecting linkwith P1·oclmangia on one side and with
the Tsinanidae on the other. Namely,
Monsuyia is thought to be intmduced
from Pmclmaugia by narrowing of its
cranidum ; the Tsinanidae may be derived by effacement from Mcmsuyia or
any similar form having a subquadrate
glabella and probably a pair of spines
on the pygidium because gradual disappearance of the paired spines is thoroughly demonstrated in Tsinoizia Jm.
mitis. Further. it is noted that thecranidium referred to lvfansuyia tam·(figs. 16-18) is quite similar to that ofTsinania canens in the effacement andconvexity. Incidentally, the preglabellar
triangular depression must not be overlooked in .JI.f. /ani, because it is also seenin Proceratopyge (WESTERRG}I.!m, 1947,
pl. 2, fig. 1, 1948, pl. 1, fig. 11).
Tsi11mzia is ubiquitous in the Fengshanian of Eastern Asia. But never-I)< fl'J.·cv·o 0 tJ•t*&-theless, nothing is known of its ventral
side and its dorsal shield has so far
been imperfectly known. The Fengshanian fauna in a red micaceous sandstone
near Huangluohsien, Eastern Jehol, (loc.
16, KonAYAsHI, 1951) is fairly depauparate specifically, but very prolific indetached carapaces of Tsinmzia cmte1ts.
Its free cheeks, thoracic segments and ahypostoma were included in the collection at hand. Their reference to thespecies is quite warranted because of its
effacement and large size. In fact manyof them are larger than as usual, thestatus together with the abundance suggesting the condition which was the
optimum for this creature.
A pygidium some 5.5 em. in breadth
is really the largest of this specie.s which
I have ever seen. Assuming that thistrilobite had ten thoracic segments or
so, the dorsal shield must have beenover IOcm.
It is certainly interesting to see thatthe doublure of the cheek is very wideand sharply bent up on its inner side,
because the aspect is somewhat similar
to the·p:ut of Limulus. A thin membrane remaining on the further innerside is probably the thin ventral test.
Before entering into the detailed description I wish to record my thanks to

Read june 30, 1951 ; received Oct. 10,
1951.
145

146

Teiichi KoBAYASHI

Mr. Takeo lcut;.;AwA for his careful
prep:tration of this material for stu:ly.
F.unily L•!io3tegii<l:l':) B~c\DLEY,
Genus !lfa11suyia SuN, 1934, em. 1935
192-1 Mansuyia SUN (pars). Palaeon 1ol. Sinica,
vol. 1. fa~c. 4. p. 50.
ser.
1933 Mansuyia SUN, Palaconto!. Sinica, so:r. 13,t•;l. 7. jose. 2, p. 57.
1937 Paramo ·suyclla ENDO, in RESSER anin.

E:-:no. l\fa11clmrian Sci. !'.fus. Bull. I. p.
356.

1939 Paramansuyia ENno, fubilae Pub/. Comm;Pr(lj. }'abe's 60/h Bir/lrd·Jy, t•ol. 1, p. 9.
1912 1\fansuyia RESSER, Smithso11. ilfisc. Coil.
t-•ol. 101, No. 15, p. 30.

Diagnosis :-Leiostegiidae with a pairof bteral spines on the pygidium ;similar to Prochotangin but th~ cranidinm
is broader and the glabella generally alittle shorter, leaving a narrow spacebehinrl the frontal border.

Text-figure 1.

Mamuyia orienta/is SUN

Type

Spcdes :-kfnnsuyia

orienta/is

SuN, 1924, em. 1935. (Plate 13, figures
13-15, text-fig. 1)
Remark :-WALcoTT was the first toreport this kind of pygidia to occur inEastern Asia, in calling llysterolemts?
spp. undt. (1913). Later. GRABAU ( 1923-24) paid attention to the occurrence of
Ce1·atopyge like form for which he intended to give a new name Ceratopyge
oricntn!is. This manuscript name of thespecies was adopted by SuN to a new
genus, 1\fmzsuyia, when he establishedit (1924). Later however, he excluded
the cranidium from this species andreferred it to his Tnislvmia tnimzcmis.
The cranidium then referred to !If. oriettlalis was identical with Paramansuye//ap!ani/imbata E~oo, 1937, (pl. 70, figs.
16-17).
Notwithstanding that SuN's kfmrsttyia
thus became based on the pygirlium,
Ecmo applied 1\fmzsuyia orientalis to
Taishmzia taimzmzsis and gave a newname, Paramansuyia cllhzensis, for a
Mamuyia having the same cephalon
with SuN's Ch:umgia bntia, 1924, non
WALcoTT, 1935.
Parammzsuyia ENoo,
1939 is evidently a misspelling of Pnmmmzsuyella EN no, 1937, which is asynonym of 111a11suyia because Parnma11suye!la Puteata ENno, 1937, which is
the type of the genus, is congenericwith !11mzsuyia orienta/is. But P. gra1ZU!osa ENno, 1937, is certainly locatedmore properly in Kao/islzmzin becauseof its distinct segmentation, broader
fixl"d cheek and granulated test.
Another confusion was brought about
by RESSER (1912) through his misunderstanding of the type of !If. orienta/is.
E.'Cpresc;ing the opinion that the types
should be the Fengshanian i.e. late Upper Cambrian ones from the Kaiping
basin in Chihli. instead of those fromthe middle Upper Cambrian Kao/isltania
zone at Kaolishan in Shantung, he proposed a new name, !11. mdoi for !1-f.
orienta/is s. str. It is, however, quite
evident in SuN's works (192,l, 35) thatthe type of !If. orienta/is in his mind is
the pygiclium from the /(aolishnnia zone
in Shantung which has incurved lateralOn Afansuyia and the Tsinanidae

spines issuing from a pair of the thicksecond pleural ribs divergent from eachother with the angle of about 45 degrees
in between. Therefore the lectoholotype
must be the specimen in fig. 7g on pl.
3 in SuN, W2·1. Accordingly RESSER's
cndoi is a superflous name. Further his
Paramansuyella taia~tcnsis (1942) isanother superflous one. As mentioned
above, Pammansuyella is a synonym ofAfansuyia. The minor differances hepointed out between the specimens of~M. orie11lalis of Shantung by Su:-:, 1924
and 1935, are no more than individualities as endorsed by the fact that taianensis occurs in association with Kaolisllania
pustulosa at Tawenkou as does !If.
orie11talis at Kaolishan, both locolities
being closely set in the same province.
It is a question whether the cranidia
of 111ansuyia tani and Pm·amansuye!laglabra ENno, 1!>37, especially the latter,belongs really to Mansuyia. The former
appears closer to Tsinmzia except thepeculiar triangular depression in frontof the glabella. Nevertheless its pygiclium can safely be referred to thegenus.- SuN is of opinion that the two
pygidia of WAt.co·n's Hysterolenus?
Ceratopyge orie11Jalis GRABAU, MS. in SUN, 192·1.
(from Kaiping)
Clruangia lralia SUN, 1924, non WALCOTT
Hysferoletws sp. undt. ENDO 1937
Hyslet-oleiiiiS (?) sp. undt. WALCOTT, 1913
Mans11yia RUN, 1924
Mansuyia mdoi RESSER, 1942
J.fm:suyia oricnlalis ENDo, 1939, non SUN
Ma11srryia orictrlalis SUN, 1924
Mcmsuyia /ani SUN, 1935
Paramansuyia Er•mo, 1939, (nom. nud.)Paramat1suyia chinensis ENDO, 1939
Paramansuyclla ENno, 1937

147

sp. above mentioned, belongs to M. tam·,but in the absence of the depressed bor·der, they are closer to 111. o1·icttfa/is. The
spines, however, issue from the moreposterior point in W Ar.co1'"r's than in M.
orieittalis. Furthermore their occurrences from the Tsiumzia· Dictyites zone
must be taken into consideration. Oneof them in fig. 9 on pl. 22 is on theother hand intimately related to, if not
identical with E:-:oo's Hystcrolmus sp.
undt. (1937, pl. 71, fig. 3) from theTsinmzia zone for which I wish to givea new name, ltfa11suyia manchurica.
Because their axial lobes are prominent,
they are referred to 111ansuyia. The
Fengshanian pygidia of Ma11suyia orien·
talis (SuN, 1924, pl. 3, figs. 7i-j) on which
GRABAU has
first given Ceratopyge
orienta/is (non. mtd.) in his manuscript,
may also be in the fold of this species,s.l. Another pygidium of WALcoTT's (pl.
22, fig. 9a) on the contrary may bereferred to Tsina11ia lmmilis.
In conclusion the greatly confusedtaxonomy of Mansuyia is straightenedout in the following manner. where thelatter is valid and the former invalid.-

Jlfans11yia manchurica KanA YASIII
Jlfm1suyia chitrensis (ENDo)
llfansuyia mandmrica KoBA YASJII
Jl.fansuyia m7nc/mrica KoBAYASIII{ Tsinania lmmilis KoBAYASIII*
Afansuyia SUN, 1924, em. 1935
{ Taishatlia SUN, 1935
llfatiSityia orienta/is Su:-;
Taishania taiatzellsis SuN
Mansuyia ot·ientalis SuN
llfansuyia cfr. ma11clmrica Ko!IAYASIII{
TaishatJia taimzcnsis SuN
Mansuyia (?) tmzi SUN
Mansuyia SUN, 192-t, em. 1935
Afansuyia cl!immsis (EN no)
Mamuyia SUN, 1924. em. 1935

148

Teiichi KoBAYASHI

Param:msuyel/a g/abra EDNO, 1937
Paramansuyella granulosa El'DO, 1939
Paramansuyia p/anilimbata EKDO, 19.'37
Parammsuyel/a pulcata ENno, 1937
Paramamuye/la taimzmsis RF.SSER, 1942

Mansuyia (?) g/abra (Er,mo)
Kao/ishm1ia!ofat~suyia oric11la/is SUN
J1.1fansuyia P~tleata (ENno)
Mansuyia orienta/is SUN

Finally .Afamuyia oricllfalis is quite
similar to P1·oclmaugia mmtsuyi Km~A·YASIII, 1935, but they are distinguishedon account of not only the above mentioned differences but also the timeinterval from early Changshanian to
Daizanian in which the transformation
has taken place.
Distribution :-.AI. 01'icuta/is, M. chi1te1lsis and .Af. jmteata and possibly M.
tani, all from the Daizanian, and M.
manc/mrica from the Fengshanian belongs to this genus.

Family Tsinanidae KnnAYASHI, 1931

Mansuyia manchurica KoBAYASIII,
new species
1913 aff. /Iystero!enus? sp.

undt. WALCOTT,

Research in China 3, p. 219, pl. 22, fig.
9, 9'.
192-1 arf. Mm:suyia oriCIIfa/is SUN, Pal. Sinica.
JJ, 1, 4, p. 50, pl. 3, figs. 7i-j only.
1937 llysterolenus sp. undt. ENllO, !J.fanclwriau
Sci. Mus. Bull. 1, p. 342, pl. 71. fig. 3.

ENml's holotype pygidium has unfurrowed pleural lobes. Their anterior
parts whence a pair of spines are projected far back, arc distinctly elevatedabove their posterior.
Because SuN's pygidium is remarkably parallel sided and the spines of
WALcoTT's appears to be directed morelaterally, they may be readily distinguishable specifically, if more will beknown of them. No cephalon is however
known of them.
Occm·rence :-Fengshanian at the neckof the Liautung peninsula (Paichiashan),Hopei (Machiakou) and
Shantung(Chaumitien).

This includes effaced trilobite genera
as typified by Tsitzania, but a posterior
spine or a pair of lateral spines may bepresent on the pygidinm. The glabella
subquaclratc or a little narrowing forward, if can be figured out. The eyesarc medium in size and located always
slightly posterior to the middle ; fixedcheck not very broad. The anteriorfacial suture reveals a weak lateralconvexity; posterior one short and diagonal.
Camarasj1is, Plcthopeltis, Plet!JOmetopus, Stenopilus and Leiocoryphe once
refered to the family were excluded
from it (KonAYASIII, 1935, Raymond,
1937). Maryviltia and Giordanella may
also better be excluded from the family
because their pygidia are quite different
and the glabella of the former narrows
forward. llomodictya which was .added
to the family with a query by R,\YMO~D(1937), may not be a member of thefamily, because its glabdla is highly
elevated ancl has a rounded anterior
outline. 'The family comprises 1'si1rattia,
Dictyites, Dictyella, and possibly ] ubileia(KonAYASHI, 1938) and Esseigania (Kont\·
Y AS Ill, 1943), but the reference of thelast two genera to the family is notquite convincing.
Distributiott :-Common in Fcngshanian, but rare in Daizanian.
Genns Tsinania WALCOTT, 1914
191-t Tsilwnia WALCOTT,

Smiths. Misc. Col/.

t'Ol. 64, p. 43.

1916 Tsi11a1:ia WALCOTT, Smiths. i'tfisc. Coli.
vol. 64, p. 227.

On Mansuyia and the Tsin:midae
1931 Tsinatzia KoRAYASHI, Japan.

Jour. Gcol.
Geogr. rol. 1 I, p. 134.
1935 Tsinmria KoBAYASITl, Jour. Fac. Sci. Imp.
Univ. Tokyo, sect. 2, vol. 4. pt. 2, p. 3(J:I.

Historical Review :-On the basis oflllaemtrus cmtens WAr.coTT instituted
this genus ..(1914), and later added two
species from Utah and British Columbia( 1916), which were, however, later
excluded from the genus by RAYMOND(1922). After discussing smooth trilobites KoaA YASHI splitted this genus into
Tsinania s. str. and Diclya (1931) which
the latter was renamed as Didyifes(1935). Subsequently Raymond (1937)
described T. scrinium from the Rockledge
conglomerate in Vennont. It is represented by a pygidium similar to that ofTsinmzia, but as it is a solitary species
outside of Eastern Asia, its generic reference cannot be warranted until its craniclium will be found.
Diagnosis :-Tsinanidae without any
concave or depressed border on the
cephalon ; pygidium generally entire,but may have a pair of lateral spines.
WALCOTT's original diagnosis is reada.<; follows:Cranidium suhrhomboidotl in outline; moderately convex; slight traces of an occipital ringat base of the glab~IIa. Palpebral lobes justback of the center of the cranidium, and of
medium size. Postero-hteral limbs subtriangular, short. Facial sutures curving inward soas to give a rounded front to the cranidium.
Surface smooth or minutely punctatt'.
Ass'lciated pygidia of species referred to
the genus a little broader than long and witha slightly defined, narrow. long median lobe
m:~rked by obs;;ure transverse furrows tint
may be faintly outlined on the broad laterallobes.

Type.-1!/aemtrus cane11s
1905.

'V ALcoTT,

149

Specific list.-1/laemwus ceres W AL·
coTT, 1905, Illaemtrus pagoda SuN, 1924,
Tsinmzia tonga KoBAYAsHI, 1933, Tsitzania (?) lmmilis KonAYAsni, 1933, Tsi,a1lia ceres var. shansiensis SuN, 1935,
Tsinania peipingetzse SuN, 1935, Tsittatzia
acuta Su~. 1935, Tsinania ti1tgtaohetzgi
SuN, 1935, 1 sitzmzia vulgm·is REsSER and
ENno, 1937, Tsinania cotzvexa REssER
and E...;oo, 1937, 1'sinania lmzgicephala
RESSER and E~oo, 1937, all from
Eastern Asia; Tsitzania (? ) scrilnium
RA YMONI>, 1937, from eastern North
America.
Remm·k :-Since the key to the genus
h:ul been given (KouA YAsiii, 1933), many
species were added. As the result of
their comparison, I think that T. canetzs
with pagoda mhl sllansicusis as its
varieties, T. Tonga, T. h:emilis and possibly T. shmzsietzsis are all valid species.
The ~Iabella and the axial lobe of thepygidium are clearly outlined in var.
shansicmis, while the effacement is mostadvanced in var. pagoda. The distinct
punctation on the test distinguishes T.
tinglaollengi from T. cmzcns. As notedalready (KoBA YAS !IT, 19·1'~). T. peipingense
and T. acztta are probably deformed T.
ca11c11S. E:-..'Do ( 19-H) noted that T.
uulgan's and T. lottgicephala are synonyma of T. cancus but, in my opinion, thelatter may be a member of Dictyites
and a part of the former (pl. 56, figs.
21-22) is referable to T. lmmilis.
WALCOTT's T. cmtens comprises two
distinct cranidia. One (WAr.coTT, 1913,
pl. 23, fig. 3) having a quadrate anterior
outline is the holotypc, and it is morerounded in the other (fig. 3a), T. ceres(fig. 4) being intermediate. Other biocharacters are also variable in T. caneus
to some extent. The outline of theglabella seen on the exfoliate surface issubquadrate (KOBAYASHI, 1933, pl. 14,
fig. 4). It is more distinctly outlined by

150

Teiichi KonAYASIII

the dorsal furrow in var. slzausie1tsis.
In this variety the axial lobe on thepygidium is also distinct, but less so in
the typical form and almost indiscernible in var. pagoda except the insision on
the articulating margin. The breadth
to height proportion 9f the pygidium
varies from 10 to 7.4 in T. canms. It
is much longer or shorter respectively
in T. longa or T. hremi!is, both of whichare, however, represented by pygidia
only.
Distribution :-Tsinania is the bestindex to the Fengshanian in Eastern
Asia, because its occurrence is restricted
to the series in which, however, it isubiquitous and abundant and because
it is Pasy to recognize by its smoothconvex carapace. . It is, however, unknown in Southeastern Asia.

1903 1/laemmts camms WALCOTT, Rese1rc:1 in
China, 110!. 3, p. 222, pl. 23, figs. 3, 3a-c.
1913 Jllaenurus c:res WA!.CCTr, ibid. p. 223,

pl. 2 3, figs. 4, 4:1.
1913 lllae/lums sp. un:lt. ibid. pl. 23, figs. 6, 6 1 •1922 J/lnemmts p.1goda SuN. Pal. Sin'ca, IJ, I.
4, p. 81, pl. 5, figs. 10:~-c.
1931 Tsinania ca111ms KoRAYASIII, japan. four.
Ceo/. Geogr. 8, p. 186. pl. 2<f. figs. 7-9.
1931 Tsi11a11ia cane11s var. pagoda Kol3AYt\SH1,

ibid. p. 2J, pl. 20, fig. 1 '),1935 T.;inania cwens KoBAYASHI, jour. Fac.
Sci: Imp. Univ. Tokyo 2, JV, 2, p. 306,
pl. 5. fig. 20, pl. 6, fi_ss. 13-14.
1935 Tsinania canens var. shJnsiensis SUN, Pal.
Sinfca, B, 7, 2, p. 53. pl. 5, figs. 20-~1.
193fi Tsit1ania ceres SUN, ibid. p. 54, pl. 6,
figs. 2!3 -27.
1935 Tsinania p:iPingensis Su~~. ibid. p. 55, pl.
5, figs. 22-23, text-fig. 61935 1'sina11ia nculn StN. ibid. p 55, pl. 5, fiJ.
2-t, text-fig. 7.

1937 Tsinania

vulgaris RESSER a!ld ED:-10,
Afancfwrian Sci. 11-fus. Bull. 1, p 293, pl.
56, figs. 13--18, n:lt 21-22.
1937 Tsinania convexa HESSER and Eo~o. ibid.
p. 296; pl. 56, figs. 19-20.
1944 Tsiuar1ia ca11:115 ENDO, Bull. Centr. Nat.
Afus. llfm:c:zoukuo, 7, p. 95.

\'''(,~'
Text-figure 2,
Tsiua11ia ca11e11s (WALCOTT)

Tsinania canens WALcoTT, 19JS
Plate 13, figures 1-8, tl'Xt-fig. 2.
1905 ll/ae1111YUS cane liS \V ALCOTT, Proc. U. S.
Nat. 11ft4S. vol. 29, p. 96.
1905 Illaemmts ceres WALCOTT, ibid. p. 97.

DcscriPti01t :-Cephalon exclusive of apair of spines semi-elliptical, a little
broader than twice the height, smoothand gently convex, attaining the highest
at the median point between the eyes.
Cranidium broader than long; glab:'!lla
merely marked by a pair of pits on theoccipital margin where it is as wide
as one-third the cranidium; eyes semi·
circular and located a little posterior tothe mid-length of the cranidium. Free
cheek provided with a large long genal
spine and a deep depression insUe of
the root of the spine which however,dies out laterally in a short distance.
Faci<tl suture anterior to the eyes gradually curving outward, then inward andcutting the anterior margin inside ofOn llf(msuyia :1nd the Tsinanidae

the eye : that to the posterior to the eyenearly diagonal, though slightly undulated sigmoidally.
Doublure of the free cheek very wide,
occupying a half or more from theantero-lateral margin to the eye andthen bent abruptly ; it becomes, however
narrower backwardly and extended into
the genal spine.
Hypostoma longer
than broad, subquadrate, but obliquely
truncated on the postero-lateral sides andbordered by a rim with a furrow on its
inner side ; central body large andoblong ; a stout prominent crescentic
ridge separated from it by a furrow
which however, becomes shallower toward the axis.
Thoracic pleura bears a deep mesial
furrow by which the inner half of thepleura is divided into two bands of thesame breadth; the outer half flat andbroadly falcate; very small but distinct
projection located in front of the endof the pleural furrow.
Pygidium about two-thirds as long as
broad, well rounded and fairly convex,
the convexity becoming stronger near
the p~riphery ; anterior margin broadly
arcuate ; axial lobe marked by a pairof pits on the margin, one-fourth asbroad as the pygidium, its length fromthe anterior to the terminus indicatedby a tiny elevation, corresponding tofour-fifths of the pygidial length; facet
on the lateral side of the pit forming a
sharp ridge on its posterior margin.
Doublurc narrow.
Carapace entirely smooth.
Observation :-In the Jehol collection
there are two kinds of thoracic segments
one of which (fig. 4) is described above.
The other has a wide diagonal furr0w
and is truncated at the lateral end.
The facet is absent, but there is a small
but distinct projection on the anterior
margin. Because the former agrees

151

well with the posterior aspect of the
cephalon, its reference to this species isquite reasonable. The latter may belong
to llamas!zauia or else.
It is certainly interesting that the
doublure (tig. 3) is subhorizontal but
moderately convex for some distancefrom the periphery and then abruptly
bent with the convexity on the outerside. Caused by rock pressure the convexity may be emphasized in different
degrees, seeing its vari.\tion among thespecimens. By the same reason the inner part of the free cheek where thedoublure was absent, is strongly depressed in most specimens. It is especiallyinteresting to see in one of them that athin film thought to be a ventral test isgently convex in this part. The ventral
view thus figured out is somewhat similar to that of Limulus in that the
depressed inner part is surrounded byan elevated border.
The narrow marginal border is seen
on a small pygidium about 4 mm. long(fig. 6) and also on another 9 mm. long,both more or less flattened, but notseen on still another of the same length
as the latter (tlg. 7), which is however,convex. Therefore it is probable thatthe border \Vas produced or at leastemphasized secondarily when the pygiclium was flattened. While the axil lobe
is segmented in the first, the segmentation is oboslctc in the third, although
the axial terminus is indicated by anode-like elevation.
In the collection there is a large but
incomplete pygldium about 5.5 em. broad.
Its articulating margin is more strongly
arcuate than as usual and its axial lobe
appears broader. It is the largest so
far known of Tsinania.
Occurreucc :-This is extensively distributed in the Fengshanian in North
China, South i\ianchuria and Korea.

152

Teiichi KOBAYASIII

The new observation is made on thespecimens from Iluangluohsien in Eastern Jehol (loc. 16. in KonAYASIII, 1!H1,
1951).

Genus Dictyites KonA y ASI!I, 1936
1933 Diclya KotJAYSAHI, japa11. four. Geol.
Geogr. vol. 11, p. 137.
1936 Dictyitas KoBAYASHI, Jour. Geol Soc.
Japan, vol. 43, p. 932.

Tsimmia lmmilis KonA YASHI, 19:l3
Plate 13, figures ~-11.
1913 llyslerolenus ? sp. undt. WALCOTT, R,·searcll in China. 3, p. 219, pl. 22, lig. !la.
1933 Tsinania ? lwmilis KonA YASIII. fa pan.
Jour. Ceo/. Geogr. r•ol. 11, p. 137, pl. 14.
figS. 18-19.
1937 Tsinania vulgaris RESSER and ENDO
(pars), Jl{anclmrian Sci. Jli[us. Bull. 1, p.
56, pl. 56, figs. 21-22, non. 13-18.

It is certainly interesting to sec insome specimens of this species from its
type locality that there are gradationsof loosing the lateral spines. In thespecimen in fig. !J the spine issuingfrom a point a little behind the anterolateral angle is, though narrow andbroken, thought to have been fairly
long, but it is no more than a short projection in the second specimen (fig. 10).
In the third (fig. 11 a-b) there is nospine but its vestige is indicated by an
up-fold of the periphery at the sameplace.
As noted by REssER and ENoo, apygidium of T. vulgaris (fig. 21) has thespine extending beyond the rear end of
the pygidium, while the pygidia of similar outline (fig. 22) have none. The
spiniferous pygidium of lmmilis resembles that of Mansuyia manclmrica but
is different in the effacement of themdal lobe.
Occurrence :-Paichiashan, \Vuhutsuibasin, at the neck of the Liaotung
peninsula; REssEn and ENno's specimensfrom Tangshihling, 2 miles southeast of
Yentai.

Similar to Tsinania, but has a concave
or depressed border on the cephalon
and pygidium.
Because Dictya KoBAYASHI was foundto be preoccupied by FAnRicus (1905)
and others, Dictyites was proposed forit.

Specific lisl.-lllaenurus dictys W AL·
Dictya doliclzocep!wla
KonAYASlli, 1!)33, Dictya trigona/is KonAZASIII, 1933, Dictya dePressa KoBAYASHI,
1935, Dictya lougicauda KoBAYASHI, 1935,
Dictya taiaufuensis ENDo, 1939.
Ncmarlz :-WAT.corr's cranidium is thelectotype of D. dictys. The pygidium
coTT, 1905 (type),referred to it is, however, closer to T.

lmmilis, except for its relatively promi·
nent axial lobe.
The facial suture appears to be sagittal in D. deprcssa. In this species aswell as in D. lougicauda the border ofthe pygidium is distinctly depressed. No
less than 11 rings are countable on the
exfoliated axial lobe on the pygidium of
D. depressa. The lobe is fairly prominent in trigona/is. The cranidium isnarrow in the anterior where the sutures
are parallel to each other in D. dolichocephala, and the glabella is fairly
prominent in D. taiaufuensis. Nevertheless whether these difference bear specific value is a· question.
Distribution :-Mostly Fengshanian, but
D. trigoualis is reported to oCcur withKaolisltania, !11ansuyia and Taishania
at Kaolishan in Shantung. (E:-;no, 1939).
Genus Dictyclla KoRAYASJJI, 1033
1933 Dictyella KonAYASHI, !oPa11. Jour. Geol.
Gcogr. vol. 11, p. 140.

On Mtmsuyia and the Tsinanicbe

Similar to Dictyi/cs, but the marginalborder of the pygidium is protruded
into a short posterior spine.
This inciudes Dictyella wulwensis
KoBAYASHI, 1933, the type species, andDictyella ozawai KoBAYASHI, and probably Dictyella (?) mausuyi KonAYASIII,
1933, i.e. MANSUY's lllaemwus ceres, 1915,
non \V ALcoTT. The cranidium pointed
in front in the last mentioned. No
cephalon is known of the two others.
The generic reference of Dictyella ( ? )longicepllalina KoBAYASHI, 1!J33 andDictyella? trausve1·sa E:-;oo, 1937, allrepre:oentcd by cranidia, is very tentative. As illustrated in fig. 12, D. ozawai
occurs at W afangtien, at the neck of the
Liaotung Peninsula. REssER (19•12) referred

Hystervlenus? manclmricus KoBADictyella but it belongs

YASHI, 1933 toto some other genus because it bas nospine but has punctae on the pleurae.
Distribution :-Late Fengshanian inSouth Manchuria and Haut-Tonkin.

Reference
Ermo, R. (1939), Cambiran Fossils from Shantung. jubilee Pub/. Comm. Prof. Yabe's
60th Birthday, vol. 1.
- - (19!4), Hestudies on the Cambrian Form:llions and Fossils in Southern Manchoukuo. Bull. Central Nat. Mus. Mmzchoukuo, 7.
- - and C. E. RESSER (1937), The Sinian anrl
Cambrian Formations and Fossils of Southern Manchoukuo. Ma,;c/mrian Sci. 1\fus.
Bull . .1.
GRABt\U, A. W. (1923-2-!), Stratigr;~phy ofChina, Pt. 1. Peking.
KoBAYASIII, T. (1931), Studies on the Stratigraphy and Palaeontology on the CambroOrdovician Formation of llualienchai andNiuhsintai, South Manchuria. Japan. four.
Ceo/. Gcogr. vol. B.
- - (1933), Upper Cambrian of the Wuhulsui
Basin, Liaotung, with special l~derence153

to the Limit of the Chaumitian (or Upper
Cambrian) of Eastern Asia and its Subdivi3ion. japan. four. Ceo!. Geogr. vo/. 11.
- - (1935), The Cambro-Ordovici:ln Formations and Faunas of South Chosen, Palaeontology, Pt. 3, Cambrian Faunas ofSouth Chosen with special Study on the
Cambrian Trilobite Gcncra and Families.
jour. Fac. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, teet. 2,
vo/. ·1, Pl. 2.
- - (1936), Notes on Nomenclature of someCambro-Ordovician Genera. ]o11r. Geol.
Soc. japan. t•ol. 43.
- - (1938). Upper Cambrian Fossils from
British Columbia with a Discussion on
the isolated Occurrmce of the so-called" 0/cnus " Beds of 1\It. ] u bilae. fapan.
four. Ceo/. Ceogr. Vol. 15.
- - (1938), An Occurrence of Lopnorites in
Hunan, China. four. Geol. Soc. Japan.
t•ol ..J.'i.
- - (1941). The Cambro-Ordovician Formations in the \'icinitics of Huangluohsien, west of Chiachou, in Eastern Jehol.
Bull. Ceo/. lust. 1\fanclzoulmo, no. 111.
- - ( 1942 ), The Rakuroan Complex of theShansi Basin and its Surroundings. japan.
]our. Ceo/. Ceogr. vo/. 18.
- - (19-13), Cambrian Faunas ofSiberia./our.
Fac. Sci. Imp. U1:iv. Tokyo, Sect. 2, Vol.
6, pi. 2.
- - (1944). On the Cambrian Formations in
Yunnan and Haut-Tonkin and the Trilobites contained. japan. ]our. Geol. Ceogr.
vol. 19.
- - (1951), On the late Upper Cambrian(Fcngshanian) Fauna in Eastern jebol.
Trans. Ptoc. Pal. Soc. japan, N. S. 110. 2.
1\IANSUY, H. (1916), Faunes Cambriennes de!'Extreme Orient Meridional. Mem. Scrv.
g/:ol. /' 111dcchine, Vol. 5, fa: c. 1.
RAYMOND, P. E. (1937), Upper Cambrian andLower Ordovician Trilobita and Ostracoda
from Vermont. Bull. Ceo/. Soc. Am. vol.
48.
RESSER, C. E. (1942), Fifth Contribution to
Nomenclature of Cambrian Fossils. Smithsoniall !tfisc. Coli. mi. 101, 110. 15.
Su:--~, Y. C. (1924), Contribution to the Cambrian Faunas of North China. Palaeonfo/.

Teiicbi KOBAYASHI

154

Sinica, scr, 8, vol. 1, fasc. 4.
--- (1935), The Upp;;r Cambrian Tdlobitcs
Faunas of North. China, Palaeoniol. Sinica,
ser_. B. vol. 7,·/asc: 2.
WALCOTT, C. D. (1905), Cambrian Faunas ofChina. P1oc. U. S. Nat. 11-fus. val. 30.
- - (1913), Cambrian. Faunsas of China.
Research i11 China, t'Ol. 3.
- - (19H), Cambrian Faunas of E~~ern Asia.
Smiths. Mi5c. Colt. t'Ol. 64, 110: 1.
- - (1916). Cam!>rian Trilobites. Smiths. Misc.
Coli. r:ol. 6-1, 110. 3.
WESTERGARD, A. H. (1947), Supplementary
Notes on the Upper Ca~brian Trilobitesof Sweden. St•er. geol. U11dersiJk. scr. C,

Nio 489.

-(19,18), Non·Aghrstidian TrilobitEs of the
Middle Cambrian of Sweden. Sver. geol.
UndersiJ'k. _ser. C, Nio 489.

Addendum 1. Mansuyia ma/adi/ormis KoB,\·YASHI, (1935, p. 302, pl. ·~. figs. 1-2)
which was overlooked in the revision on
page 142, is probably a member of theKainellidae, if not of Taisflauia.
Addendum 2. Pseudosaukia KoBAYASHI, 1951,(Art 203 of this journal, n. s. no. 3, p.
78) is foundbe preoccupied by
Pseudosaukia RASETTJ, 19-H (Jour. Pal.
vol. 18, no. 3, p. 252). Therefore theformer is replaced here by Saukioides.

to------ ------- ---------

Explanation of Plate 13
Figures 1-8. Tsiauia canaus (WALCOTT) ......................................................................... ..
1. Cranidium. x 1
2. Free cheek, x H
3. Free cheek, x 1!. white line showing the vet-tical section of the carapace.
4. Thoracic pleura, x 1-!i
5. Cranidium, xI t
6. Pygidium, x 3
7. Pygidium, x H
8. Ilypostoma, x 2!, anterior part broken off.
Huangluohsien, Eastern Jehol.
Figures 9-11. 1'sitW11ia lmmilis KonAYASIIl ................................................................. ..
~l. Pygidium with a lateral spine, x 3-l. Paichiashan (Joe. ag)
10. Pygidium with a rudimentary lateral spine, x 3~. Taitzushan, (Joe. WZI)
11. Pygidium with vestiges of lateral spines, x '1, Taitzushan, (loc. W27)
Chi.ngchiachengtzu, Liaotung peninsula.
Figure 12. Diclyclla czmoai KOBAYASHI ...................... .-................................................... .
lncomp'ete pygidium, x H. on the railroad side, at Yiintaishan, Wafangtien, at theneck of the Liaotung peninsula.
Figures 13-15. Mausuyia orienta/is SUN ......................................................................... ..
13. Crandium. X 2, pl. 2, fig. 20 in su~. 1935
H. Free cheek, x 2, pl. 2, fig. 22 in SUN, 1935
15. Pygidium, x 2, pl. 2, fig. 24 in SUN, 1935.
Tawenkou formation ; Tawenkou, Taian, Shantung.
Figures 16-18. Mansyuia tani Sux ___ , _____ -----·-----·--·- _____ ............................................... .
16. Cranidium, X 2, pl. 5, fig. 12 in su~. 1935
17. Pygidium, x 2, pl. 5, fig. H in SUN, 1935
Tawenkou formation ; Tawenkou, Taian, Shantung.
_ 18. Pygidium x 2. 'Upper Cambrian; Kaolisnan, Taian, Shantung.
All the spcciemns arc kept in Geol. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo. except the one in fig. 18
in the collection of Geol. and Pal. last., Toholm Univ. at Sendai and those in figs 13-17' ip the collection of Nat. Univ. of Peking.

K oBAYASII I :Ma11suyia and T sinanidac

16
17

8

13

15

7

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan N.S., No. 5, pp. 155-165, 1 text-fig., Feb. 15. 1952.

212. PERMIAN MICROFOSSILS IN THE DODO CONGLOMERATE
OF THE YASUBA-TYPEl> 2'
KENJI KONISHI
Geol. Inst., Univ. of Tokyoa ..It ~'H•I• Q)=J~*tlft::Ci; »·A L nHt'illif::::J'.~.!~J) ;b"? /.:: flGJI[pJ,';fltJJ;(:i/Aill~t7i 5.5 km. Dlll'llf,~l;l~11:M·:twmt-ti/£Q) l'J!:¥PJ:?.j,:#li.:.:.~~l't$Q)J:1\f>J::::$•·e.'i'~IH~J'-: • H'-%:>.ttf!Yt<'>- ~ -c-s oct ~:m-',lrL1J~"i!"-c:?iN(!fi ··~" 'l 1 <'){(;;fi.i'.'''ff.lfiQJ:;Ji!ihft-?i.:o 'J' Jlli llit.:.:.

In Hyogo Pref. and its adjacence there
is a formation of unknown age. At
first, it was thought either Paleozoic or
Mesozoic by KocmBE (1895). When aconglomerate was found therein at Dodo
5.5 km. north of Yanahara Mine in Okayama Pref., he referred it to Jurassic.
This opinion was upheld by YAlltAKI(1903) with some doubt. Later Triassic
was suggested by KA-ro (1923) for its
age because Neoschwagerina limestone
was found in the pebbles of the Dodo
conglomerate and because the formation
mostly sandy and slaty except the conglomerate, appears to merge northerlywith the Entomonotis-bearing formation.
Lately, KouAYASIII (1950) cast a question
on its Triassic age because limestone
has never been found in the Upper
Triassic formation or its conglomerate
at Nariwa and other places in the same
region, about 60 krn. south-west of Dodo,
although it is abundant in the conglomerate of the Cretaceous "Inkstone Formation".
To decide the dubious age of theconglomerate the writer visited the locality alone at one time and with KoBAYASHI at another with the result it was
found that tlze Dodo conglomerate is a
Permian conglomerate of /lze Yasuba-type(KoNISIII, 1931).
Salient facts obtained by the writer
are summarized as follows :1) The Upper Tri.tssic Nariwa Group 7km.
north of Dodo belongs to a different"zone" from the "zone" where Dodo
conglomerate exists, because the two zones
are seperated by various intrusive rocks.

1)

Read June 29, 1931; received Oct. 28,
1951.

2)

155

Of the Pcrmi:m conglomerate the Usuginu
conglomerate has first attracted our atten·
tion (KoB:\YASIII; 1941). Subsequently
the Usuginu- and YasubJ-types. besides
normal o:te, were distinguished i:t the
Permo-Carb:miferous conglomerates in
Jap·m, where the Usuginu type is rich ingranitic boulders and the Y·tsuba type richin limestone boulder.;. Through TORIYAMA's study (1942-47) on the fu3ulinid
lime3toncs in the Yasub:t·type of conglomerate two kinds were distinguished, one
containing pre-Permian fusulinids only andthe other containing Permi:ln and older
ont:s. Because th:" former lies below thelatter h the Sakurad:mi area in Tokushima
Prc:f. (KoBAYASH'l & lWAYA, 19U) andthe Yasub:J. conglomerate at Yasuha in
Kochi Prcf. belongs to the former kind,the latter was n:uned Sokuradani conglomzrale by KOBAYASIII (1951).

156

Kenji KoNISlll
algae :-~reabove.

2) The conglomerate occurs in form of awedge or lens, as usual for the conglomerate of the Yasub:1-typ~, which measuresabout :20 m. at the thickest.
3) Pebb!es of the conglomerate :-~rc mostly
igneous rocks, slate, hornstone or chertand "limestone".
Igneous rocks aremostly fist·size. fairly rounded :-~nd highlyaltered but referable to rhyodacite, porphyry and porphyrite. In addition there
are andcsitic to basaltic rocks, serpentine
and other plutonic rocks as rock fragments
and cobbles4) l\latrix of this conglomerate consists ofsandy grains, argillaceous and small fragments of the above-mentioned rocks.
A : M:-~trix; B : '• Limestone
pebble " ; *AbundanceA

1. GyroPore/la sp. nov.
2. ~[aC1oPorella sp.
3. Mizzia velebitana SCHUBERT?
I
4. Algae gen. & sp. indct.
x
5. Staffella or Nankindla (?) sp.
6. Sclzwagerina Pseudochilzsiae11sis x(CHEN)

7. S. sp. indet.
8. Neoschwagerina craticulifera

B'
I

X
X

X

Y.{

x

x
x

(SCHWAGER)

9.

N. mi11oensis DEI'RAT em.

x

OzAWA

10. Cfr. Szmzatri11a amzae VoLz
' 11. Sumatrina longissima DEPRAT
1

x
x

12.

Yabei11a sp.

x , x

13.

'' Large fusuline" gen. & sp.
indet.
PachyPizloia mulliseptata

x

14.

also

common, as

tabulated

These fossil assemblage must be late
Early Permian which probably corresponds to the age of THoMPSoN's "Zoneof Yabeina" or GERTH's "Sosio Stufedes Unterperms ".
Some twenty years ago, it was thecurrent opinion among Japanese geologists that the Permo-Carboniferous formations in Japan contain no conglomerate, but now several kinds of conglomerates are found at numerous places;
among them the localities of the Usuginuand Yasuba2> types are shown in the annexed map (Text-Figure 1, p. 164). The
provenance of the limestone and igneous
boulders contained therein is naturally
a moot question. Whatever its answer
may be, it is certain that the Dodo
conglomerate must be Permian because
it is intercalated in the formation, although it soon tails out laterally.3>
Here the writer expresses his sincere
thanks to Prof. Teiichi KoBAYASHI, for
his instruction and guidance. His thanks
are also due to Prof. Riuji ENDo of the
Saitama University for his advices on
the fossil algae and to Mr. T. ARAI of
the Yanahara Mine for the facility in
fteld work.

Systematic Descriptions

LANGE

P. sp.
H. G/omospira spp.

X

17.

"Nodosaria radicula (LIN:"E)"in BRADY (1876)

X

18.

Crinoid stem joints

15.

X

Note :-Materi:-~ls dealt herewith are all
obtained from Dodo coaglemerate and stored
in Geol. Inst., University of Tol,yo. :Measurement in tables given in mm.

X

3)
5)

Fusulinid individuals \\ith a little eroded
test occm· not only in lhc matrix but :-~lso
in the "limestone pebbles " in the Jattet·
of which crinoid stem joints and c:-~lcareousBlack slate facies represents the Upper
Permian deposits in cert:-~in places in ):-~pan;peculiar conglomeate like the Dade conglomerate frequently imbedded in thefacies.

Permian 1\Iicrofossils in the Dodo Conglomerate of the Ya>uba·Type157

mum diameter. Sporangia unkno\vn.
This does not fit with any describ~dspecies, I am aware, but a new name is
not given because there is no longitudinal section.

Family Dasycladaceae(Order Sjphonocladales)
Genus Gyropore/la G:JJ\IBEL, 1872
em. BE:-!ECKE, 1876

- -GyroPorella sp. nov.

Diameter ofthallusPlate 14, Figures 15-16

In two cross sections the thallus oval,
its axial cavity wide, if compared withthe outer diameter of the calcareous
wall. Branches in characteristic drum·
stick to dumb-bell shape (See Fig. 15)
closely arranged on a horizontal whorl.
End of every pores covered by a thincalcified wall. No sporangia seen.
Because the wall is exceedingly thin.
the find of its longitudinal section may
show its being a new species.
--

2,72 x2,32

2,23 X l,!/2

Thickness
calcification( mean value)

1,72x 1,62
(O 21)] ,23 X 1.(•8(0,22)

Diametercentral stem

,2,12 X1,84

1 77x 1,41

dl 1 0.132 o.o67

0,125

0,17-0,123

0,16

d2

Thickness
calcification--

I2,81 x2,46

1,90x1,41

1,72X !,62

1,23 X1,08-

0,31-0,46

0,25-0,38
0,05-0,067

Diameterbase

0,025-0,03-~

branches

top

0,084-0,1421 0,101-0,133

Genus lvfizzia Sc:uuuERT, 1915
em. JoHNSON, 1942
lv!izzia velebitana ScHUBERT?

--

Outsidediametersof fragment

D iameterb ranches

Diametercentral stem

I

Mizzia vclcbitana ]OHNSO::--<: pp. 23-24,
pl. 7. figs. 1-,t(Synonymic references on this species prior to1951 are shown in ]OIINSON's paper (1951; p.
23).

1951.

Several transverse sections questionably referred to the species occur in the
Dodo material and some of them areillustrated in Figs. 11 & 12.

--

No . of branches
in a whorl

25

I? (15)----

Genus frfacroP01·e!la PIA, 1912

.Macropore!la sp.
Plate 14, Figures 13-14

Represented by a tangential fragment
and several cross sections.
Thallus nearly circular in cross section; centrat' stem of medium thickness;branches broadened gradually toward
the top where they open with the maxi-

Family Fusulinidae lVIor.LER, 1878
(Order Foraminifera)
Subfamily Ozawainellinae
THoMPSON& FosTER, 1937

Genus Staffella OzAwA, 1925
or Nankiuclla LEE, 1934

Siaffel!a or Nanllinella (?) sp.
Many individuais, all ill-preserved,
being either one of the two genera. A
nearly axial section is illustrated in Fig.
8.

Kenji KoNISHI

158

lffeasurement :Subfamily Schwagerininae

s. pscudochThsi~ 1

Du::-.llAR & HENBEST, 1930

Genus Schwagerina MoLLER, 1877
em. 'fl!ol\II'SDN, 19J8·l>

Length3• 2[6,82~---_-~ 5,7-t --~IWidUJ---~~2 2.W[1.7.i -CIISisj- -Sclzwagerina Pseudochiltsiaensis(CIIE:-1)---~---.---.-

I -3,30
No. of volut. --- ·-;;~-- --7-1,7?
Form ratio

Pfeudofusu/iua p.<eudcchiltsiacmis CIIEN:
pp. 78-79, pl. IX, fig. 13, pl. XI, figs.
8-9.

1

1+1 ::::-~- o.:l ;I_~~ !-3 -[_o.49 _ : o,.t6' Height

Description :-Test elongate fusiform,ofgradually vaulted in the median part,tapering toward rounded poles, composedof seven to seven and a half volutions,
5 to 7 mm. long and 1,6 to 2,2 mm.
wide : form ratio 3,30 to 3,60. (Proloculus
can not be seen in any section of Dodomaterial but its diameter may be rather
small).
Spirothecal thickness gradually increases from 0,017 mm. in the 1st to
0,110 mm. in the 8th volution: wall consists of a tectum and a thick keriothecawith rather coarse alveoli. Septa fluted
narrowly and so highly that the septa
reach to the top of the chamber
especially near the polar regions all
through the whorls ; fluting, however,
becomes somewhat irregular ncar thelast volution. Septal spaces wide andregular. Both chomata and cuniculi-likestructure indistinct, while the two, especially the latter, is distinct in American
schwagerinids from Upper Permian ;phrenotheca also undeveloped ; lightaxial fillings deposited along the polar
regions of the Hmer volutions.

volut.

4) Distinctions of this genus from l'studofusuliJUI ever confused are pointed out by
TliOMPSOX (19-!8).

• 3,!;(iII-------

Plate l·l, Figures 9-10
1934.

I

4

0,71

I

; 0,69

I

-=-__

, - -

1_5_ :o.99[D.961~ 1

I

6 __

1~·5_1~·~---- ~~

7

1,92

I

1,96

1

- -

-~------

1

0,017

1

- -

2- ---o.o~1 0.011~----=-=--1_3_- o~i51 o.o3o 1---=Thickness: -4- IO,o35- o.o37 -~--=-= · - 1
1

---I

of
I 5
I 0,054
0,055 i?
'spirotheca - - - - - · - - - '60,067 I 0,072 I 0,1)91
I----~-71I

i O,G92

0,08·1·--1-

7~
Diam. ofproloculus

! --

0,110
1

0,110

--,---(0.19 ?)

?

-----

--

I
2
I- ----

Form
ratio
of

3
4

3,85
355

5
6

3,25
3,06
3,18

volut.

7

Septal
count

4
5
6

- '- - - - 16
19

22
27

7

' ---

---

Permian Microfos3ils in the DJdo CJn;lomerate of the Yasuba.Type

Remarks :-The three measured specimens coincide with P:;eudofusulina
pseudoclzihsiae1Zsis from Chihsia lime.
stone. Although the material before
hand contains no exactly oriented section,
the description is given because of thefirst occurrence of this species in Japan.

NeosclzwagtriM
craliculifera
TORI·
YAMA; pp 76-77, pl. :>.."VII, figs. 4-7.
(Many synonymic references omitted.)

19:l7.

This famous cosmopolitan species appears to have a wide range of variation;
Dodo form is somewhat slender thanthe holotype of this species.

Subfamily Neoschwagerininae
DUNBAR

Neoscllwagerina minoensis
DzPRAT em. OzAWA& CoNDRA, 1928

Genus Neoschwagerina YARE, 1903

Neoschwage1·ina craticulifera(ScHWAGER)

1903.

Neoschw:Jg?rina crclicu/ijera Y ARF.: pp.
3-5, pl. I. fig. 3, pl. Ill, fig. 3.
--,--

N. cralicufifera

1

25>

5,18

2,45

9,80

l2:74 -, 1.41

5,00

I

LengthWidth

3Form ratio

1,85

1,4

1,96

, No. of volut.

13

11?

11

i
I

3

0,33

4

0,45

6

I

of

0,86

I

Ncoschw.1geri11a craticulifcra var. mi110·
ensis DEPRAT; p. 27, pl. VII, figs. 9 ?10 (non figs. 1-5 ).
19l1. NI!.Oscl!wagcrina nwllicitcumvoluta DE·
I'RAT; p. 27. pl. VIII. figs. 2-3 (nonfigs. 1, 4 & 5).
1927. Neoschw:~gerin1 minoeiiSis OZAWA; pp.
156-157, pl. XLI. figs. 4-8, 10-15, pl.

1914.

XLIII, fig. 26.

1936. Neoschm.1gerina tnitJOCIJSis FUJIMoTo;
pp. 115-116, pl. XXII, figs. 10·15.

Shell, characteristically rhomboidal.
An eccentric axial section consists ofmore than 10 volutions, the 8th of which
is 3,00 mm. long and 2.50 mm. wide (formratio; 1,16).
Genus Sttmatrina VoLZ, 1904

0,.\6

em. TuoMPso;o.~, 1946I

_5_ . ~.&_t_l--o:;;21Height

0,79

-

Cfr. Sumatrina annae Vm.z'

Plate 14, Figures 2-5, 7.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _I _ - · ·,_7_1~0 -~::__I_==--=--_I

volut.

8

9

1,25

1.41

1,54

1,54

I

---------~~~~~~

~ u

1

12

1

2.10

12.w

13 i

2,7•1

159

1

2.10

I

- -

Observation :-Shell is elongate fusiform with bluntly pointed extremities.
Its median region is somewhat bulked
gently, but rather irregular forms areseen (Fig. 5) among some immatureindividuals. Axial coiling is straight toa little arcuate. One of the illustrated
specimens in Fig. 3 consists of 12 vo-

i

----\

5) 2.

Neoschw.Igerilla craticulifera?

•

160

Kcnji Ko~ISHI

1utions and measures 8,23 mm. in lengthand 2,78 mm. in width; accordingly form
ratio is 3,0: 1. Number of volutions
ranges from 8 to 12 in maturity. Spirotheca is composed of a compact thinlayer of opaque material with obscure
alveolar keriotheca in its lower part.
Thickness of spirothec:t in a specimen
is 15 microns in the 6th volution.
Spherical pro loculus is 0,32 mm. to
0,27 mm. in outside diameter with thicker
1

wall than the other spirothecal one, but
its structure is indistinct.
The septal structure is composed of
the septa, primary transverse septula,axial septula and secondary transverse
septula.
Primary transverse septula
occur throughout the whorls of the shelland reach the base of the spirotheca
except for very small pores near thecenter of the chambers. A secondarytransverse septulum is inserted between_j __z___3__
4_ ~ sCfr. 8. amwe

_ I_

Length_8=-_1 _--___-_ ~ _9,~2- 2.04

1-

Width

-

?..78

-1~ 1.21_6_ _ _
7 __

2.14

2,98

Diam. ofproloculus
1

2
~--

3

of

volut.

0,36

3,39

0,89

0,57

0,56

?

0,49

0,49

1,05

---- - - - 0.71

I
I

0,69

0,84

0,86

1,00

6

1,19

1.32

7

1.41

1,57

~~~~-

1,79

--

-10

2,131--

_1_1_

2.47

12

1

~=----

-----

~-

0,98

1,07

1,21

1,34

--

I

1.33

I

1,56

----------_______
I'
I

1,67

-=~-------~,--------------------1

1

_ ___

___I

2,77
------------ --- ---8--1------1---- ----

2

0,61
---

0,82

0.80

--~-~-

Sepbl
count

0,63

0,60

--;- ~l--u4--

1---- --

0,32~--~~---

?

5

9

I

0,47

- -

Height

-----

--

0,45

--- ----- - - - - ----4

I

0,30

O.H
-----

__
--_-_ __<l·~---~--1_,5_6_

2,30

-3J3
2,63
2,38
3~42
~~~~~~-1----- - - - - - - - ----1-----~-3
No. of volut.
8
10?
7
12
6?

Form ratioI- - - - --- 1---1?

- 3 - ---~----1--- - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - --1

4-1-

I

I

i

16l

Permian Microfossils in the Dodo Conglomerate of the Yasuba-TypeIa?) which seems to be different fromsumatrinids (THOMPSON, 1946 & 48), particularly with regard to the arrangementof the secondary transverse septula, thespecimens here referred to Cfr. S. amzae
Vo1.z may b::! an intermediate form
between "S. " japonica and S. amzae.
Although the s·.tccessive order of thespecies in the following table may not
represent any evolutional trend andrelations among afghancllids and snmatrinids, the decreasing tendency of the
keriothecal structure, the increasing
number of the septula and gradual orcontinuous changes in many other charcters from A. scltencki to S. amzae canhardly be overlooked. Thus Sumatritta(s. str.) and Afgha11ella are connectedby intermediate forms. Any further
discussion is, ho\vever, defered until
some other occasion and here the Dodo
form is tentatively referred to Sumatri1za
mmae.6 >the adjacent primary septula from thefourth or fifth volution. At the sametime appears one secondary septulum.
From the fifth or sixth to the ultimate
volution, two secondary septula develop
between the adjacent primary transverse
septllla, which are in uniform pendant
shape but their length in the outer volutions twice to twice and one·half longer
than the inner ones. An axial septulum
appears from the first or second volution.
Beyond the third, its number increases
gradually,-two in 4th, two to three in
5th and 6th, and three or more in 7th
and 8th volution. They arc club-shaped
but not uniform in length.
Remarks :-The Dodo form resembles
S. mmae with the elongate fusiform andthe arrangement of the axial septula.
In the spirothecal structure and arrangement of the secondary transverse
septula, however, it is rather similar toafghanellids. Compared with the FuJIMoTO's (1936) S. japonica ( =AfghanelA f.

Af.: Afglmella
S. : Sumalrina

schmckiForm

Af.-type

---

---

--

1
- -

--

--

S.-typ:!
-

-

- - -

-

--

s.-type

---

-

--

-

--

--·

-·-

Af.-type

S. -typ~.

-

8rd vol.

?

?

1st-2nd v.

1st v.

b

1 (4)

?

?

1 (4 ?)1 (7)·1·th-5th v.

8th v.

8th v.

4th 5th v.

---

-b'

I

---------

1 (2)

1 (2)

1

-

s.-type---Af.-type ?

A f. type

-

mmne

a

a'

2

---

Af.-types.

Cfr. S.
amwe---

Af.-type- - - - -- - - - -Spirothec:ts (? )
japor.ica

A f.
Peslllilleusis

l (2)

1(2)

--,-2

1st v.

(4-)-

1. Number of vo!ution (a) where one or more axial S?ptula (b) appear.
2. Number of volution (a') where one or more secondary transverse septula (b 1) app~ar.
Numb:r in (), either b & b 1, shows number of septula at the ultimate volution.

6)

According to THOMPSoN's opinion, it isprolnble that S. smnatri11aeformis may bea member of afghanellids. But neither
its original description nor illustration isacces>ible to the writer.

Smnatrina longissima DEPRAT
Plate 14, Figure 121914. Sumatri11a lo11gissima DEPRAT: pp. 3637, pl. V, figs. 1-6

162

Kenji KoNisHI

DRPRAT (1914) segregated extraordinary elongate sumatrinids from S. mmae
and gave a new name, S. longissima.
It was found associated with "Fusulina
grammz-avenae RoEMER ·· and "Schwagerhw douvi!lei DEPRAT ". Its distinctions he noted were (1) form ratio, (2)number of volutions, and (~) smaller
number of secondary transverse septula.
But the diameter of proloculns, heightof volutions, number of septa are about
the same between the two. The species
was ignored by OzAWA (1927). The
Dodo specimen at hand is, however,tentatively identified with longissima
with some question, because its eccentric
axial section is unusually elongate as
DErRAT's.
-

-

-

-

s. longissima

1

2

8 9

10,2-l

(1,8-19)

2,33

4.5

4,4

9-10

5+?

-----

Length-Width
Fo rm ratio--

No . of volut.

1. Type from Cambodgc
2. Specimen from Dodo

Genus Yabeiua DErRAT, 1914

Yabeina sp. indet.
Plate 14. Figure 1

This is a common member as represented by many oblique sections.

Selected References
BRADY, H. B. (1876) : A Monograph of
Carboniferous and Permian Foramini·fera. Paleont. Soc. London. t•ol. 30.
CHE~. S. (1934): Fusulinidae of South China,
Part 1, Paleont. Sinica, sr.r. B, Vol. 4,/esc. 2.
DF.PRAT, J. (1914): Etude des Fusulinides dultpon, de Chine et d'lndochine et clas.
sification des Fusulines (II£e Mem.)b:doclzi11e St•rv. Ceo!.. Mi:m., vol. 3, jasc.
1.
FUJIMOTO, H. (1935): S:ratigraphical andPaleontological Studies of the Titibu
System. Sci. Rep. Tollyo Bzmrika Daigaku, Sec. c, vol. 7, 110. 2.
GERTH, H. (1930): Die Ammonoideen desPerms von Timor und ihr Bedeutung
fiir die stratigraphische Gliederung derPermformation. Neucs fahrb., Abt. B,
Bd. 91, Hjt 2.
IIANZA WA. S. ( 1950) : On the occurrence of
the Foraminiferal genera, Eoverbeeki11a,
Na11kinl'lla and Sp!zacrulina from Japan.
Short Rep. Toltolm U11iv , 110. 2.
HAYDEN. II. F. (1900): Fusulinidae fromAfghanlst:m. Rec. Geol. Surv. I11dia, t•ol.
38.
]oHt-:Soc-;,]. H. (19·12): Permian Lime-secreting
Algae from the Guadalupe Mts., New
Mexico. Bull. Geo!. Soc. Am., vol. 53.
(1916): Lime-secreting Algae from thePennssylvanian and Permian of Kans:ts.
Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 57.
- - (1951): Permian Calcareous Algae fromthe Apache Mt~.. Texas. Jour. Pa!eont.,
val. 25.
KATO, T. (1923): Geology and Ore Depositsof the Yanahara Mining District, Prov.
of Mimas:tka, Japan. japan. ]our. Geol.
Geogr., vol. 1.
KoBAYASlll, T. (1941): Sakawa Orogenic
Cycle and its Bearing on the Origin of
the Jap::mese Islands. !o11r. Fac. Sci.
lmP. U11iv. Tokyo, sec. 2, val. 5, pt. 7.
(1950); Chugolm District (in ''Series ofRegional Geol. of Japan.") Tokyo(1951): On the Geological Relation ofJapan to Indochina, Kwansi and Kwant.
ung with Special Reference to thesouthwestern Wing of the Akiyoshi
Orogenic Zone. !om·. Geogr., t•ol. 60.
- - & lWAYA, Y. (1941): On the Imbricated
Structure of the Sakuradani Area. Proc.
Imp. Acad. Tokyo, t•ol. 17.
1-\0CHIBE, T. (1893): Explanatory Text of tge
Geological Map of Jap:n, Akao Sheet(20,000: 1)

Permian l'vficrofossils in the Dodo Conglomerate of the Yasuba-Type
KoNISHI, K. (1951): Reports on Geologic
Structure of the Southern Margin of
the Chugoku Mountainland. ]our. Geol.
Soc. Japan, vol. 57.
OZAWA, Y. (1925): On the Classification of
Fusulinidae. ]our. Tokyo Imp. Univ.
Sci., val. 45, art. 4.
(1925-a): Paleontological and Stratigraphical Studies on the Permo-Carboniferous Limestone of Nagato. Pt. 2.
Paleontology. ]our. Tokyo Imp. Univ.
Coli. Sci., vnl. 45, art. 6.
( 1927) : Stratigraphical Studies of theFusulina Limestones of Akasaka, Prov.
c..f Mino. ]our. Tokyo Imp Univ. Foe.
Sci.,' val. 2, pt. 3.
- - & ToBLER, A. (1929): Permian Fusulinidae found in Greece. Eclogas geol.
Helveiiae, vol. 22.
PIA, J (1912): Neues Studien tiber die
triadischen Siphoneae. Beilr. Paliiont.
Osterr.-Ungarns u. des Orients. 25.
- - (1920): Die Siphoneae verticillatae vom
Karbon bis zu Kreide. Zool.-bot. Gesell.
Wien Abh., 11 (2).
(1927): Thallophyta (in HIRMER's Hand.
buch der Pa!iiobotanik).
(1937) : Die wichtigen Kalkalgen desJungepalaozoikums und ihre geologische
Bedeutung : 2e Cong. av. etudes stratig.

163

carbo11, 1935, Compte rendu, (2).
THOMPSON, M. L. & FOSTER, C. L. (1937):
Middle Permian Fusulinids from Szech·
uan, China. ]our. Paleont., vol. 11. 110.
2.

- - (1946) : Permian Fusulinids from Afghanistan. ]our. Paleonf., val. 20, no. 2.
- - (1948) : Studies of American Fusulinids,
Protozoa. art. 1. Poleont. Contrib.
Univ. Ka11sas.
ToRIYAMA, R. (1942): The Fusulinids of the
Yasuba Conglomerate in the Prov. ofTosa. Japan. ]our. Geo/. Geogr. vol. 18.
- - (1944): The Fusulinids in the Limestone
Conglomerate of the Sakuradani Area,
in the Prov. Awa, japan. ]our. GEol.
Geogr., vol. 19.
- - (1947): On Some Fus:.tlinids from Tosayama, Kotiken, Sikoku, with a Note on
the Stratigraphical Range of Neoschwa.
gerina. japan. ]our. Geol. Geogr., val.
20.
YABE, H. (194S): Neoschwagerinininae DUNBAR and CONDRA. Proc. Imp. Acod.,
Tokyo vol. XXIV, no. 9.
YAMAKI, J. (1903): Brief Report on the
Geology of Katsuta-gun, Prov. ofMimasaka. ]o11r. Geol. Soc. Tokyo(Japan), vol. 10.

164

Kenji KoNisHI
Text-figure 1. Map showing the· distribution of the conglomerates of the Yasuln- andUs~ginu types in Japan.

1.(?) lwaizumi-machi, Shimohei-gun, lwate
Pref. (SATO et at., 1951, MS)
2. Setamai-macbi, Ke3en-gun, lwate Pref.
(1\.f!NATO, 1939 etc.)
3. Sakari-machi, Kes:on-gun, Iwate Pref.
(O~UKI, 1938)
4. Ofunato.machi, · Kesen:gun, Iwate Pref.
(SEKI & lMAIZl,JMI, 1941)
5. Yones::tto·mura, :Esashi-gun, Iwate Pref.
(YoSHIDA, 1951)
6. Nagasaka-mura, . Higashiiwai-gun, Jwate
Pref. (NODA, 1943; T ACHIBANA, 1950)
7. Usuginu·machi. Nishiiwai-gun. Iwate Pref.
(NISHIWADA, 1893)
8. Kesennuma-machi, Motoyoshi-gun, Miyagi
Pref. (SHUDA. 1940)
9. Maiya-machi, Toyoma.gun, Miyagi Pref.
(MABUCHI, 1932; GoTO, 19·19; KIKEGAWA, 1949)
10. Toyama-machi, Toyoma-gun, Miyagi Pref.
(MABUCHI, 1932: MINATO, 1944)
11. Okatsu-machi, Monou-gun, Miyagi Pref.
(INA! & TAKAHASHI, 1940)
12. Kamimano-mura, Soma-gun, Fukushima
Pref. (TWA!, 1932)
13. Yasado-mura, Naka-gun, lbaragi Pref.
(KAWADA & KANOMATA, 1948)
14. Azumi-mura. Minamiazumi-gun, Nagano
Pref. (MINATO, 1950)
15. 1-!ishino-tani-mura, Ono-gun, Fukui Pref.
(KoBAYASHI, 1951)
16. Kawakami-mura, Yoshino-gun, Nara Pref.
(Sillll>A, 1951)

17. Yuasa-machi, Arita·gun, Wakayama Pref.
(KOBAYASHI, 19·17)
18. Maizuru-shi, Kyoto Pre f. (NAKAZA WA · &OKADA, 1948)
19. Kawanishi-mura, Kasa-gun, Hyogo Pref.
(NAKAZAWA, 195))
20. ·Yakuno are~: A!llatsu-gun, Kyoto Pref.
(KOGA, 1948; NAKAZAWA, 1951)
21. Akenobe area, Yofu-gun, Hyogo Pref.
(KAMBE, ~95L)
22.(?)
Toyonaga-mura, Jobo-gun, Okayama
Prcf. (MocHIZUKI. 1937)
23.(?) Taishaku-mura, Jinseki-gun, Hiroshima
Pref. (MOCHIZUKI & SENDO, 1936)
24. Omine-mura, Mine-gun, Yamaguchi Pref.
(KATAYAMA, 1940; ToRIYAMA, 1950)
25. Miyahara-mura, Naka-gun, Tokushima,
Pref. (TORIYAMA, 1945)
26. Shingai-mura, Nagaoka-gun, Kochi Pref.
(ToRIYAMA, 1942)
27. Kameiwa-mura, Nagaoka-gun, Kechi Pref.
(ToRJYAMA, 1912)
29. Tatsuno-mura, Kamimasbiki-gun, Kumamoto Pref. (MATSUMoTo & FUJIMOTO,
1938)
30. Kawamata-mura, Yatsushiro-gun, Kumamoto Pref. (MATSUMOTO & KAMMERA,
1949)
31. Kuriki-mura, Katsushiro-gun, Kumamoto
Pref. (MATSUMOTO & KAMMERA, 1949)
x. Dodo, Kitawake-mura, Katsuta-gun, Okayama Pref.

Kor>lSnt : Permian Microfossils

PtA1'E 14132

Permian Microfos>ils in the Dodo Conglomerate of the Yasuba·Type

165

Explanation of Plate 14
Fig. 1.
Yabeina sp., oblique section ( x 16).
Figs. 2-5, 7. ·ctr. Sumatrina amrae Vo.Lz.
Imperfect sagittal section ( x 21) (rather large pro loculus).
2.
Axial section ( x 5).
3.
4.
Enlarged part of Fig. 3 ( x 12).
Axial section of an immature individu:ll, with Pachyphloia multiseptata LANGE. ( x 15).
5.
Imperfect sagittal section ( x 18):
7.
Neoscl11oageritJa craticuli/era (SCHWAGER) ?, imperfect axial section. ( x 15).
Fig. 6.
Fig. 8.
Staffe/la or Nanki11el/a (?) sp., nearly axial section. ( x 20).
Fig. 9-10. Schwageri11a Pseudochihsiatnsis (CHEN).
Eccentric but nearly axial section. ( x 15).•
9.
Parallel section. ( x 14).
10.
Fig. 11.
1\fizzia lielebilana SCHUBERT? (X 15).
Fig. 12.
Srmwtriua lmrgissima DEPRAT, eccentric axial section with Mizzia vclebitana
SCHUBERT? (X 6).

Figs. 13-14
13.
14.
Figs. 15-16
15.
16.

Macroporella sp.
Obliquely cross section. ( x 15).
Same. ( x 16).
Gyroporella sp. nov.
Cross section. ( x 15).
Obliquely cross section. ( x 14).

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 5, p. 166, Feb. 15, 1952.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPANr B;,f>:J!j ~'&If£~~ 47 !DJ {YIJ~J

IIB~Il 26 !.F·

10 H 20 BJJ(~t*~.OO~~jij!Jt~J!j~19JJ~
Sn:.1ft-cl~rl11H-t (~~ Ki 47 ~)o Wiiiit~~\:.

lifiWj fl ~O):WJI...,oFossil Diatoms from the Owaz1wa
Fonnation of the Hirosaki Basin ..... .
....................................... Taro KANAYA
jjlfJi~ illvtl'l•I'J: l1f!~b.fl..tdl:1i*~~.... -c (f~i?A!) ............... !!.Jll!ft~ · llrf'l !£.
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Note a propos de quelques plantes fossiles du groupe du Ennichi de Ia
Coree-2 ( i~ib'e) ......... Toshimasa T ANAl
Ml~+Ji1H+-.!: 1£~~r#ft'i:!IU "J J:l:.~ .. .Jfldlttf:~
On the so. called GigallloPteris ........... .
....................................... Kazuo ASAMA
1t!Jt1fftili:~J{J't./ttv.>1t1i~f fL!itllf.l::-:> "' -c...... ······ ... ························...... i'Iiit9PA"tiSome Permian Microfossils from lmo·
gadaira, Fukui Prefecture ( 1tif1e) .....
. .. . .. . . . .. . .. . ... .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . Kenji KoNISHI
Schwageri11a having cuniculi ( 1\:"~) ..... .
.............................. Rokuro 1\loRIKAWA~jliJ"Jtliftll1t1illf. ....................... .tJ-#.ll{~ii!J"J#:tfti'l11:1i".................... .tHI-1lt-

il.ft~fit*.mi1flf.f#*1Jiliv.> ;b =1I:Tl (7~) ......... ................................. A,-Jil;j]~

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ra*li~!ftn~~~481BlfYIJ~J nn~ 261F

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~Wj~*O):WJl,o

On Some Mesozoic Plants having Leavesof Annularian Type ( 1tl/t).............. .
................................. Nobuo KOBATAKE
Existence of the Phrenothecal Structure
in Some Parafusulinids of Japan (itm) ................................. Kenji KONISHI
Recent and Fossil Baculogypsit~oides
YABE and HANZAWA from the Ryukyu Islands and their Adjacent Sea,
with Remarks on Some Recent andFossil Spinose Foraminifera ( f\';1!!\!) ...
.............................. Shoshiro IIANZA WA

JII1t'I!Wcv.>.:: • :=v.>{i:;:ri ................ ..f.4.tt tti·
Neptutrea ~v.>.:: • ?:f!i ...

~tif!Jiti.RHI;?f·················· ··························· t~;Jf 1llr

Sti"D~iUtlilti Neritidae ti:¥-tv·-c (1\:;~)······ ............... ··············· ... ...... ~~;Jfi?!M
Acanthoceras ~-:>v•-c .................. i~III~~
A*m.::•t:UtlJl)i!~~"JiVf!i'l (~ 1 tfl) ..... .
... ... ... .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . . ... !j!tf.(-nfl ; lln:.'i

Reticulinae l: Martininae Oh o to~-:::>v·-c ····································~* n:.'i

Apatokepharids l: Remopleurids .!: v.>M
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11:::0 :b = Porlullites 1~-:> "' -c ( 1tli!A:) ...

.................................... ······ ... -t-Jil.::bill

Announcement
Bibliography of Japanese Palaeontology and Related Sciences
1941-1950
including papers published by ] apanese authors as well as thoseby others which concern ] a pan and its surroundingsCompiled by

Ryuji Endo, D. Sc.
Professor of· Geology and Palaeontology
Saitama University, Urawa, Japanjust published as a non-periodical publication of the Society.
Foreign subscribers free; foreign non-subscribers US $1.50
Domestic subscribers Yen 300; domestic non-subscribers Yen 400(Mailing charges inclusive in all cases)
Orders to be addressed to

the Palaeontological Society of Japan
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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n l.!lBIDU 109140 1fl:

CONSTITUTION
of the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPANARTICLE 1. Name
The Society shall he known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a sectionof the Geological Society of Japan.
Aln'ICLE 2. Object
The object of the Society shall be to promote the study of palaeontology and related' sciences.
ARTICLE 3. Achievement
The Society in order to execute Article 2 shall ( a) issue the Society journal and other publi·
cations. ( b ) hold or sponsor scientific lectures and meetings, and ( c ) sponsor collecting or
field trips, and lect m es.
ARTICLE 4. Membership
The Society shall be composed of persons who are active of interested in palaeontology or
related sciences, and shall be known as regular members, honorary members, and patrons.
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ARTICLE 6. Administration
The Society sh:Ul have the following organizations for its administration.
(a) General meeting. The general meeting shall be composed of the Society members. Morethan one tenth of regular members shall be present to hold general meetings. Adminislra·
tive affairs shall be decided during the general meeting.
(b) President. The president shall be elected from among the regular members. The president
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By-Laws and Administration
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ARTICLE 9. negular members shall be persons who have knowledge, experiencl', or interest inpalaeontology or related sciences.
ARTICLE 10. Patrons shall be selected individuals or organizations who give special support to theobjectives of the Society.
· ·· · · ·ARTICLE 11. Honorary members shall be .persons of distinguished achievement in palaeontology.
The council shall nominate honorary meml~ers for decision by the general meeting.
ARTICLE 12. Applicants for membership to the Society shall submit their full name, mailing address, date of birth, occupation, and name of school from which they graduated.

Dues
ARTICLE 13. Rates for annual dues of the Society shall be decided during the general meeting.
Annual dues for regular members is Yen 400.00 (domestic members) and U.S. $2.00 (foreign
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Patrons are individuals or organiz:1.tions donating more than Yen 10,000.00 an·
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ARTICLE H. The Society income shall be from membership dues and bestowals.
ARTICLE 15. The Society shall have one chairman, fifteen councillors, and several busines3 councillors, whose term of office shall be one year. They may be re-elected.

Addendum
ARTICLE 1. There shall be four business councillors for the present.
ARTICLE 2. The Society journal shall be is3ued twice a year for the present .

•