International	
  Conference	  Fragmentation and Divergence
Towards the Management of Social Transformation
10th-11th March 2015
EHESS, 190 Avenue de France, 75013 Paris, France
Project rationale and objectives
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century globalization and digitalization have grown
rapidly, leading to an unprecedented rate of peoples, goods and valuables moving around theworld. Such movement has meant that we have had to reconsider the borders and limits we had
defined both for our society and for our natural environment. With recent major disasters, suchas the massive earthquakes and tsunami that devastated the Asia-Pacific region or the nuclear
catastrophes of Chernobyl and Fukushima, we have been forced to realize that on the physicalplane there are no frontiers or borders and that everything in our contemporary world isinter-dependant and intricately intertwined.
The constantly changing political map, emerging forms of domain and governance, the deep
problems of immigration, violence, repression, and yes indeed terrorism, signal that it is urgent
we reconsider our social environment as well as the relation between ourselves and the naturalenvironment.

Title and format
Entitled: Seventh Forum for the Euro-Japan Academic Networking for Humanities Project
Fragmentation and Divergence: Towards the Management of Social Transformation
Date & venue
10th -11th March, 2015
Room638-641 (6F)

École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 190 Avenue de France, 75013 Paris, France
1Organizing body & sponsor
Organized and sponsored by:.

Institute of Comparative Research for Human and Social Sciences of the University ofTsukuba;in collaboration with:.

Fondation France-Japon of the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

Fondation de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.

Coordinators:. Saburo AOKI, Professor, Institute of Comparative Research for Human and Social
Sciences (ICR), University of Tsukuba, Japan
Contact: aoki.saburo.fn@u.tsukuba.ac.jp.

Sébastien LECHEVALIER, President, Fondation France-Japon of the École des Hautes

Études en Sciences Sociales
Contact: sebastien.lechevalier@ehess.fr

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Programme
Sessions:•

Environment and Landscape•Social Justice and Equality Beyond Violence•

Disaster and Civil Society•

Demography and Immigration•

Impact of Art and Culture•

Intercultural Dialogue and Education

Tuesday 10th March, 2015
09:00-09:30

Registration

09:30-10:00

Opening Address and Transformations video presentation,
Itai Keshet (Filmmaker)

Session 1 -Environment and Landscape

Chair: Thierry Martin (UFC)
10:00-10:40

Keynote Lecture I - Nature, Culture: trajecting beyond modern dualism
Augustin Berque (EHESS)

10:40-11:00

Discussant: Corine Pelluchon (UFC)

11:00-11:30

Open comments and discussion
Lunch

Session 2 - Disaster and Civil Society
Chair: Andrej Bekeš (UL)
13:00-13:40

Keynote Lecture II –Paradox of Civil Society after the 3.11 DisasterYutaka Tsujinaka (UT)

13:40-14:10

Discussants: Verena Blechinger-Talcott (Berlin Freie); Muneo Kaigo (UT)

14:10-14:30

Open comments and discussion
Coffee break3

Session 3 - Social Justice and Equality Beyond Violence
Chair: Daniel Lebaud (UFC)
15:00-15:40

Keynote Lecture III - Pourquoi est-il si difficile de sortir de la violence ?
Michel Wieviorka (FMSH)

15:40-16:10

Discussants: Ales Bučar (Maribor University); Vesna Požgaj Hadži (UL)

16:10-16:30

Open comments and discussion

17:00-17:30

Concert - Creole Nippon
Mio Matsuda (Vocalist), Lucio Vieira (Guitarist), Kay Aoki (M.C.)
Welcome Reception

Wednesday 11th March, 2015
Session 4 - Demography and Immigration
Chair: Irina Chongarova-Aron (Kingston University)
10:00 -10:40

Keynote Lecture IV -Migrations internationales :de l’économie à l’affinité
Hervé Le Bras (EHESS)
10:40 -11:10

Discussants: John Eade (University of Roehampton); Eric Macé (UB)

11:10 -11:30

Open comments and discussion
Lunch

Session 5 - Impact of Art and Culture
Chair: Salah HANNACHI (Tunis)
13:00-13:40

Keynote Lecture V -Power and Impact of Art & Culture

Seiichi Kondo (Former Commissioner of the Japanese Agency for Cultural
Affairs)
13:40 -14:10

Discussants: Saburo Aoki (UT); Margareta Kastberg Sjöblom (UFC)

14:10 -14:30

Open comments and discussion
Coffee break4

Session 6 - Intercultural Dialogue and Education
Chair: Irène TAMBA (EHESS)
15:00-16:00

Part I. Sports Sciences and Capacity Building
Jigoro Kano and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS)
Hisashi Sanada (UT)Disaster, Memory and the Value of Sport: Tokyo and the Olympics
Satoshi Shimizu (UT)
Education for the omotenashi Way of Mind and Manner
Izumi Egami (UT)

16:00- 16:40

Part II. Cultural Identity and Variation
Creole and Creolization in Musical Expression of the Cape Verdean Islands
Kay Aoki (Kyoto University)
Spread and Acceptance of Physical Culture in Japanese Sports Animation Film
Sébastien Laffage-Cosnier (UFC); Rie Inaba (UT)
Re-interpretation of a Cultural Object: jo-ha-kyû in the Tenshyô karate kataJérémie Bride (UFC)

16:40- 17:00

Discussant: Craig SMITH (KUFS)

17:00- 17:30

Concluding Remarks: Chairs and DiscussantsDinnerList of participants
FranceÉcole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
Augustin BERQUE, Hervé LE BRAS, Sébastien LECHEVALIER,
Irène TAMBA
Fondation de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme
Michel WIEVIORKA
University of Bordeaux
Eric MACÉ
University of Franche-Comté
Jérémie BRIDE, Margareta KASTBERG SJÖBLOM, Daniel LEBAUD,
Thierry MARTIN, Corine PELLUCHON, Sébastien LAFFAGE-COSNIER

5

Germany
Filmmaker
Itai KESHET
Freie Universität of Berlin
Verena BLECHINGER-TALCOTT
Japan
Creole Japan
Mio MATSUDA (Artist-author)
Lucio VIEIRA (Guitarist)
University of Doshisha
Seiichi KONDO (Former Commissioner of Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs)
Kyoto University of Foreign Studies
Craig SMITH
University of Kyoto
Kay AOKI
University of Tsukuba
Saburo AOKI, Izumi EGAMI, Rie INABA, Muneo KAIGO,
Ikuko OKUGAWA, Hisashi SANADA, Satoshi SHIMIZU,
Yutaka TSUJINAKA
Slovenia
University of Ljubljana
Andrej BEKEŠ, VESNA POŽGAJ HADŽI, Irena SRDANOVIC
University of Maribor
Aleš BUČAR
Tunisia
Association Tunisienne pour le Leadership, l'Autodéveloppement et la Solidarité
Salah HANNACHI (Former Tunisian Ambassador to Japan)
United Kingdom
Kingston University
Irina CHONGAROVA-ARON
University of Roehampton
John EADE

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OPENING	  Opening	
  Video	
  Presentation	  Transformations	  Itai KESHET
Filmmaker, video journalist, Germany
Note
In his documentary work, Itai Keshet attempts to capture and share unique stories that transcend
national borders as they intersect with culture, art, business and government. Fragmentations ofchange are explored through this prism.
ProfileItai Keshet is a Berlin-based filmmaker and video journalist. His work has appeared in the New
York Times, Vice Magazine, the German Tagesspiegel and practically all major TV channels in
Israel. He has also worked on many audiovisual projects with the European Commission, anumber of NGOs and academic institutions in Europe and Japan.
Born in Tel Aviv, Itai was a video journalist during his mandatory military service. He laterjoined the daily cable TV programme The Science News as a reporter and continued to directseveral long documentaries and other programmes for national TV before moving to Germany
in 2008.
He holds a BA degree in the Humanities from Tel Aviv University and a Masters degree in
European Studies from the University of Bonn. He speaks Hebrew, English and German.

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FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  1	
   	
   ENVIRONMENT	  AND	  LANDSCAPE	
  Session	
  1	
  -­‐	  Environment	
  and	  Landscape	
  Keynote	  Lecture	
  I	
  Nature, Culture: trajecting beyond modern dualism
Augustin BERQUE
Director of Studies, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
Abstract
Modern dualism, opposing the subject to the object and therefore culture to nature, has madepossible modern science and technology, and consequently modern civilization, but it has eventually
produced an unsustainable world, which progressively destroys its own basement: the Earth. In orderto survive, we have to overcome dualism, but is that rationally possible? Making use of the conceptsof trajection and trajective chains, this paper shows that not only concrete reality is trajective (neither
purely objective nor purely subjective), but that modern physics itself has come to this evidence.
Accordingly, beyond the abstraction of dualism, we have to conceive of reality anew, including in
the field of the natural sciences.
ProfileAugustin Berque, born in 1942 in Rabat (Morocco), is a French geographer, orientalist andphilosopher. He is Director of Studies at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris,
where he teaches mesology. He has published extensively on the relationship of human societies
with their environment. A member of the Academia europaea, he was in 2009 the first Westerner toreceive the Fukuoka Grand Prize for Asian Cultures.

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FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  1	
   	
   ENVIRONMENT	  AND	  LANDSCAPE	
  

Chair

Thierry MARTIN
ProfileBorn in Paris in 1950, Thierry Martin is Director of the Graduate School of Langages, Espaces,
Temps et Sociétés, Director of the research laboratory Logiques de l’agir and Professor of the
University of Franche-Comté where he lectures in philosophy. He has published extensively on
history and philosophy of science.
Thierry Martin is also an associate researcher at IHPST (Institute for History and Philosophy of
Sciences and Technology) and is co-Head of the special course of lectures on ‘Histoire du calcul
des probabilités et de la statistique’ organized by the EHESS in collaboration with the Centred’Analyse et de Mathématiques Sociales and the Centre A. Koyré.
DiscussantCorine PELLUCHON
ProfileFull Professor in Practical Philosophy at the University of Franche-Comté (Besançon).
Specialized in political philosophy and in applied ethics (medical and biomedical ethics, animal
ethics and environmental ethics). After having taught philosophy at high school for fifteen years,
she spent one year in the USA for research and to lecture in medical ethics at Boston University.
She then became Associate Professor in philosophy at the University of Poitiers (France) from2008 to 2012 and is currently Full Professor at the University of Franche-Comté (Besançon).
She has published numerous essays, especially: Leo Strauss: une autre raison, d’autres
Lumières (Vrin 2005) for which she was awarded the Prix François Furet in 2006. The book
was translated into English and published at SUNY Press in 2014. A Chinese translation isforthcoming; L’autonomie Brisée. Bioéthique et philosophie, published by PUF in 2009 andagain in 2014 which was translated into Spanish and published in Bogota in 2013; Eléments
pour une éthique de la vulnérabilité. Les hommes, les animaux, la nature (Le Cerf, 2011) for
which she was awarded the Grand Prix Moron de l’Académie française in 2012. A Spanishtranslation is forthcoming; Tu ne tueras point. Réflexions sur l’actualité de l’interdit du meurtre(Le Cerf, 2013); Les Nourritures. Philosophie du corps politique (Le Seuil, 2015).

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FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  2	
   	
   DISASTER	
  AND	
  CIVIL	
  SOCIETY	
  Session	
  2	
  -­‐	  Disaster	
  and	
  Civil	  Society	
  Keynote	  Lecture	  II	
  The Paradox of Civil Society: Japan after the 3.11 DisasterYutaka TSUJINAKA
Director, Institute for Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences (ICR)
University of Tsukuba
Keywords
civil society, myth of nuclear plant safety, thick social capital, non-decision making strategy
Abstract
The tragic disaster of 3.11 was Janus-faced. On the one hand, there was the natural aspect of thehuge earthquakes and tsunami endured by the Japanese people; the world showed admiration for
their bravery. On the other hand, there was the artificial aspect in terms of series of accidents
involving nuclear power plants built by men and their secrecy that has frustrated the citizens of
the world.
The earthquake and tsunami took many lives, but it was Japan’s civil society that helped limit
the damage and provide support for the survivors. For instance, due to the indispensable rolecivil society organizations played in Japan at the time, there were no occurrences ofopportunistic price rise in Japanese consumer goods. In fact on the contrary, the price of goodsin the stricken areas such as Fukushima and Sendai went down.
What happened on 3.11 and its aftermath showed that disasters can be devastating but that they
can also bring out the best in people and in civil society. The international community expressed
its admiration for Japanese people and society for the way in which they cooperated andconfronted the hardships and difficulties.
In the meantime, nuclear power plants have had a continuous history of problems which are stillongoing in Japan. It is still difficult to evaluate the damage from the nuclear accidents and the
problems are likely to continue for many years. In spite of its high technology and the diligent
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FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  2	
   	
   DISASTER	
  AND	
  CIVIL	
  SOCIETY	
  and sincere labor attitude of its people, Japan did not know how to cope with the series ofaccidents at the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Plant, theseverity of which was rated ‘level 7’, the highest on the International Nuclear and Radiological
Event Scale. Behavior by political leaders in the cabinet as well as the TEPCO CEOs revealed
their lack of preparedness in terms of crisis management.
Now my question is: what could account for such contrasting faces of the 3.11 disaster?
I would like to answer the question from the perspective of civil society. My answer to which
actually reveals the face and reverse-side of Japanese civil society and liberal democracy.
Japanese civil society has very thick and stubborn grass-roots associations. The typical example
is the 300,000 Neighborhood Associations (NHAs, Jichikai) which constitute the key source ofsocial capital, functioning as hubs of various community organizations. They also provide
infrastructure for the well-being of the people. Socially and economically speaking, there also
exist a variety of socio-economic organizations that can be characterized as half private and half
public based on more than 100 specific laws in Japan. In addition, there are many otherstraightforward private associations. The long dominance of the LDP since 1955 is mainly
attributed to the role that these social groups have played. On the other hand, radical and/or
social movements on the left kept good relations with progressive parties which had relatively
weak ties with the local grass-roots associations and the socio-economic organizations
mentioned above. In general, the type of organizations designed for social movement lacked
centralization and professionalization that are required at the center of power in Japan. Prior to
the disaster, many of these same local grass-roots associations and socio-economic
organizations kept quiet and never mobilized anti-nuclear plant movements since they received
subsidies from local governments and TEPCO.
Despite strong investment in public works (internationally speaking, the amount is higher interms of its ratio to GDP), the Japanese government failed to ensure the security of the nuclear
power plants of the major electric power companies. They chose to construct legitimacy as they
invested in the “software” of public relations (estimated at 200 billion Euro) rather thaninvesting in reform of the “hardware” of nuclear power plants to build a safer system.
The Japanese ‘conservative’ political system (when the 3.11 disaster occurred the government
was controlled by a non-LDP coalition led by the Democratic Party of Japan) responded poorly
to the Fukushima disaster. Even after the disaster, both the LDP and the DPJ hesitated to face11

FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  2	
   	
   DISASTER	
  AND	
  CIVIL	
  SOCIETY	
  the nuclear energy problem and make it an issue of their platform for the general election,vaguely repeating their slogans for revitalizing and rebuilding Japan from the disaster instead.
Consequently, the LDP have won three times in the nationwide elections since 2012, basicallybecause they have a relatively sturdy infrastructure in civil society in their constituents while theopposition camps have remained divided.
Although the majority of public opinion was anti-nuclear energy, the public could not organize
and unify their voice in civil society, they thus failed to reflect their opinion in the politicalarena. The Fukushima nuclear disaster revealed that the Japanese political system was unable torespond to the nuclear crisis squarely. Although Japanese civil society showed social resilience,solidarity, and coherence in response to the earthquake and tsunami devastation, Japan as awhole failed to keep nuclear plants in check prior to the accidents and did not declare its supportof the majority of anti-nuclear Japanese citizens whose organizations were weak and lacked
political foundation.
In conclusion, civil society in Japan is well-developed and organized, which is why theconservative establishment comprising politicians, bureaucrats, and TEPCO has tried very hard
to form and maintain their coalition with civil society organizations. In fact, conservatives havesucceeded in keeping this coalition alive even after the disaster.	
  They have adopted thestrategy of “non-decision making” as they intentionally avoid making judgments on the nuclear
disaster. To say the least, they have succeeded so far in preventing nuclear energy frombecoming an issue in political elections.
ProfileExecutive Advisor to the President and Professor of the University of Tsukuba, Ph.D. inpolitical science. Yutaka Tsujinaka is President of the Japanese Political Science Association(term 2014-2016) and Director of the Institute of Comparative Research in Human and Social
Sciences of the University of Tsukuba. He is also Director of the Special Project for
Comparative and Empirical Study of the Structural Changes in Politics and Transformations in
Pressure Groups, Policy Networks, and Civil Society in Japan, which was launched in 2010. He
has been conducting comprehensive empirical surveys on civil society organizations in fifteen
countries and accumulating data from 63,000 associations since 1997.

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   SESSION	
  2	
   	
   DISASTER	
  AND	
  CIVIL	
  SOCIETY	
  

Chair

Andrej BEKEŠ
ProfileAndrej Bekeš was born in Celje, Slovenia. After receiving an MS in mathematics from Osaka
University he continued his studies at Osaka University of Foreign Studies where he received
his M.A. in Japanese linguistics, and the University of Tsukuba where he obtained his Ph.D. inlinguistics in 1986. Afterwards he worked as a researcher at Iskra Delta and later taught at theFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana. From 1990 to 1995 he served as Invited
Foreign Professor at the University of Tsukuba. After the establishment of the Department of
Asian and African Studies at the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana in October 1995 he
was appointed as the first Head of Department and has been teaching there first as Associate andthen as Full Professor of Japanese Studies. From September 2010 to March 2013 he was Full
Professor at the Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University ofTsukuba. His main area of research is in Japanese text linguistics. In 2008, he was awarded theJapanese Order of Gold Rays with Rosette.
DiscussantVerena BLECHINGER-TALCOTT
ProfileVerena Blechinger-Talcott is Chair of Japanese Politics and Political Economy at the Institute of
East Asian Affairs, Berlin Freie University. Since 2012, she is also Director of the Graduate
School of East Asian Studies of Berlin Freie which is funded through the German Federal
Government’s Excellence Initiative. Before joining the faculty of Berlin Freie University she
was Assistant Professor of Government at Hamilton College, Clinton, NY (2003-2004) and
Advanced Research Fellow in the US-Japan Relations program at Harvard University(2002-2003). From 1997-2002, she was Research Fellow and later Head of the Social Science
Section (1999-2002), and Deputy Director (2001-2002) at the German Institute for JapaneseStudies (DIJ), Tokyo. In 2008, she was visiting professor at the Institute of Social Science,
University of Tokyo.
Her research interests include Japanese politics in comparative perspective, institutional change
in Japanese politics, and government-business relations in both domestic politics andinternational relations. Her current research project focuses on corporate social responsibility
and social business in Japan.

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FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  2	
   	
   DISASTER	
  AND	
  CIVIL	
  SOCIETY	  The author of many articles and book chapters, her most recent publications include A New
Japan? Social, Political, and Economic Change since the 1990s (special issue of AsiatischeStudien 2013, co-edited with David Chiavacci and Christoph Brumann), and Governing
Insecurity (Routledge 2014, co-edited with Wilhelm Vosse and Reinhard Drifte).
DiscussantMuneo KAIGO
ProfileMuneo Kaigo is an Associate Professor of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. He
teaches Communication and Media at the Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences
and the College of Comparative Culture of the University of Tsukuba, he also teaches MediaManagement at the Graduate School of Business Sciences of the University of Tsukuba. He
completed his Ph.D. (International Christian University, Tokyo) in 1999 and was a Japaneseministry sponsored visiting scholar at Columbia University from 2004 to 2005 conducting
research on the dynamics of the network society. His current research project is centered onenhancing civil society and disaster preparedness through effective SNS usage development(JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research). He is the Asian Media Information andCommunication Centre country representative for Japan and is a research supervisor for the
Nuclear Risk Research Center in Tokyo.

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FRAGMENTATION	
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  DIVERGENCE	  SESSION	  3	
   	
   SOCIAL	  JUSTICE	
  AND	
  EQUALITY	
  BEYOND	  VIOLENCE	  	
  Session	
  3	
  -­‐	  Social	
  Justice	
  and	
  Equality	
  Beyond	  Violence	
  Keynote	  Lecture	
  III	
  Pourquoi est-il si difficile de sortir de la violence ?
Michel WIEVIORKA
Fondation de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme
Abstract
La violence affecte l’intégrité physique et morale de personnes, de groupes, de sociétés toutes
entières parfois même au-delà. Sortir de la violence, ce n’est pas seulement y mettre fin, c’est aussi
permettre de redonner un sens à l’existence individuelle et collective là où la violence l’a détruite ou
altérée. C’est permettre aux victimes et aux coupables, le cas échéant de vivre ensemble. C’est éviter
l’enfermement dans les drames du passé mais aussi bien l’oubli et la négation.
ProfileMichel Wieviorka is a French sociologist, noted for his work on violence, terrorism, racism, social
movements and the theory of social change. A former student of Alain Touraine, he is now one of
the most renowned sociologists and public intellectuals in France and abroad. A number of his books
have been translated into different languages. Wieviorka received international media attention as anexpert following the 2005 civil unrest in France, and was elected in Durban as the 2006-2010
President of the International Sociological Association. Together with Touraine and François Dubet,
Wieviorka developed the method of intervention sociologique and applied it to the study of militantsocial movements, in particular French anti-nuclear activism and student leagues, but also thefamous trade union Solidarnosc in Poland. Following Max Weber’s classic concept of interpretativesociology (verstehende Soziologie), intervention sociologique aims at understanding the subjective
rationale of actors in the context of larger social conflicts. This concept was opposed to Raymond
Boudon’s failed attempt to establish a strict rational choice approach in French sociology.

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FRAGMENTATION	
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  DIVERGENCE	  SESSION	  3	
   	
   SOCIAL	  JUSTICE	
  AND	
  EQUALITY	
  BEYOND	  VIOLENCE	
  	
  

Chair

Daniel LEBAUD
ProfileProfessor Emeritus since 1st January 2014, Daniel Lebaud’s main area of research is linguistics
and more especially that of semantics and didactics of language. He is a member of the Théorie
des Opérations Prédicatives et Énonciatives (TOPE) research team under Antoine Culioli,
co-head of the Franche-Comté - Tsukuba University exchange programme, and a member of theTrans University Partnership for Development in Human Studies research programme directedby Saburo Aoki of Tsukuba University. Daniel Lebaud has published numerous works on
semantics (lexicology, verb morphology) and conceptual grammar, as well as textbooks forteaching French as a foreign language.
DiscussantAleš BUČAR
ProfileAleš Bučar is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security,
University of Maribor. His research focuses on the connection between migration and crime,
exploitation of (immigrant) workers, human trafficking, various forms of violence, media
presentations of crime, and issues of legitimacy and crime. He applies qualitative researchmethods which include in-depth interviews, discourse analysis and participant observation.
DiscussantVesna POŽGAJ HADŽI
ProfileVesna Požgaj Hadži is Professor of Croatian language in the Department of Slavistics of theFaculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana. Her books include: Croatian and Slovenian inContact (2002); Croatian from Outside (coauthored, 2007); and Challenges of Contrastive
Linguistics (coauthored, 2012). She was co-editor of the monograph Between Politics andReality: Language Situation in the Newly Established States of Former Yugoslavia (2009), andeditorof Language Between Linguistics and Politics (2013). Her research activity covers thefield of standard Croatian language (particularly contrastive analysis of Croatian and Slovenian),
second language teaching and learning, as well as sociolinguistic questions directly or indirectly
connected to South Slavic philology.

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   CONCERT	  	
  Concert	  Creole	  Nippon	  Mio MATSUDA
Vocalist, author, Japan

Lucio VIEIRA
Guitarist, Cape Verde

Programme Note
My most recent project was Creole Nippon. In this I sought to bring to light obscure andmodestly-known Japanese folk songs, including the songs of Japanese immigrants from suchplaces as Brazil, Peru and Hawaii. The CD with an accompanying book, entitled Creole Nippon,
A Journey Through The Memories Of Songs, was released in December 2014. The present
program is a selection from this work.
I am also very happy to be accompanied by Lucio Vieira, a long-standing collaborator andwell-known musician from Cape Verde.

1. Yamago Uta, Songs of the Mountain (Kazuno, Akita).
In the villages of Kazuno, men who work deep in the mountains were called Yamago (childrenof the mountain). In autumn and winter, before entering the dangerous and snowy mountains,
the Yamago sang this song to the goddess of the mountain for protection and prosperity.

2. Haragama Fishermen Song (Soma, Fukushima)
In the port of Haragama, Soma, Fukushima, fishermen sang this song upon returning fromall-night fishing. If successful they sang this song from their boats when nearing port for thepeople waiting for them and for the sea goddess who gave them prosperity. The song recalls
Fukushima's rich and vibrant sea culture. The prayer to the sea gods is, in essence, connected to
all the seas where people fish.
17

FRAGMENTATION	
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   CONCERT	  	
  3.Kobito no Uta, Tale of A Small Man (Io island, Nagasaki)
This comes from a small island situated at the entrance of Nagasaki Bay. The inhabitants had
secretly kept their faith and practice in Christianity for seven generations during a long period ofprohibition. Many songs were likely written after the liberation of Christianity and were used inchildren's plays at Christmas. Tale of A Small Man is a bible story (San Marco) mixing legend
with local cosmology.

4. Lemongrass (Micronesia - Ogasawara)
This love song was composed by a Micronesian woman during the period of Japanesecolonization and was brought to Chichijima, Ogasawara in the 1950s. Ogasawara became
Japanese territory in 1861. Prior to that, occidental whalers and their Polynesian families
inhabited the Island.

5. Iminbushi, Song of an Immigrant (Brazil)
The lyrics were written by Shigeo Sasaki (1914-1990) who immigrated from Miyagi to Brazil in
1934. He describes emotions within the hearts of immigrants who persevered far from home inBrazil. Mio discovered these lyrics in a Sao Paulo library and is happy to share them withaudiences today.

6. Lua (composed by Princezito) a batuk song from Cape Verde:Moon, stay closer to me
light up my burning bodyMoon, has illuminated from the North to the South
from the Black to the White people

7. Saiko (composed by Gregorio Goncalves). A coladeira song from Cape Verde with Japanesewords. In the 60s and early 70s Japanese men fished for tuna in the Atlantic Ocean, spendingtime in Mindelo Port, Cape Verde. The Japanese word Saiko means the best and composer G.
Goncalves creolized the word in this song which became a hit in the 60s.

18

FRAGMENTATION	
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   CONCERT	  	
  ProfileMio Matsuda plays a very unique role in the music world. A cosmopolitan and multilingual
performer (singing in more than twenty languages), she has traveled extensively throughout theworld. For over ten years she has collaborated with artists of various musical backgrounds with a
special fondness for Portuguese and Spanish speaking countries.

Her career began in Lisbon where Mio sang Fado (traditional Portuguese music) and othertypes of music from Portuguese-influenced countries. In 2004 she was a featured vocalist at themusic festival of Minas Gerais, Brazil and in Cape Verde. This Trans-Atlantic musicalexperience led her to record her first album Atlantica, (2005, JVC) in Rio de Janeiro. In thisalbum she mixed the sounds and feelings from three ports of the Atlantic Ocean. The concept of
uniting varied musical roots and rhythms continued on her next two albums. Pitanga and Asas
were recorded in Brazil with well-known musicians such as Cristovao Bastos and Joao Lyra.
Mio’s fourth album Flor Criolla (2010) features her alongside the legendary Uruguayan pianist
Hugo Fattoruso and became her debut in Spanish-speaking countries. Since 2010 she has toured
six countries in South America and recorded her fifth album Compas del Sur (2011) in Uruguay
and Argentina. Mio Matsuda`s most recent project was Creole Nippon (2014).
As an ‘earthling living in Japan’, the life force with which she crosses all borders is inspiring.
The spirit of the communities she has traveled through is alive in her voice, uniting the world
and connecting us with a unique and startling power.

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  4	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   DEMOGRAPHY	  AND	
  IMMIGRATION	
  Session	
  4	
  -­‐	  Demography	
  and	
  Immigration	  Keynote	  Lecture	
  IV	
  Migrations internationales : de l’économie à l’affinité
Hervé LE BRAS
Director of Studies, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
Director of Research, Institut National d’Études Démographiques
Abstract
L’intervention se déroulerait selon le plan suivant :-L’évolution des soldes migratoires suit la conjoncture économique (exemples). Les théories
de la migration privilégient la motivation économique. Petite discussion sur ‘brain drain orbrain gain’.

-Le turnover est un aspect important de la migration. Or les données sur l’émigration sontmoins fréquentes et moins citées que les données sur l’immigration.

-

Dans la réalité de nombreux pays développés, la composante familiale de l’immigration est
importante sinon dominante (États-Unis, France, Canada). Elle est composée de conjoints
et de plus en plus souvent de conjoints de couples mixtes.

-

Ceci s’explique par les liens qu’entretiennent les pays : anciennes colonies, zones
d’influence, communauté de langue, etc.). Des données sur le stock d’étrangers ou
d’immigrés de nombreux pays développés seront montrées à l'appui de ce point.

-

L’idée de faire appel aux migrations pour compenser le vieillissement de la pyramide desâges est illusoire car, pour que cela ait un effet, il faudrait des flux énormes. Un exemple
numérique sur 27 pays de l’Europe le montrera.

20

FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  4	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   DEMOGRAPHY	  AND	
  IMMIGRATION	
  ProfileA mathematician, historian and one of the world’s leading demographers, Hervé Le Bras is
Director of Research at the National Institute of Demographic Studies, Director of theLaboratoire de démographie historique and Professor at the Ecole des Hautes Études en
Sciences Sociales, and fellow of Churchill College (Cambridge). Violently opposed to theproject on ethnic statistics and the French obsession with increasing birth rates, he has publishedextensively on immigration and social transformation. His latest work, co-authored with
Emmanuel Todd, is Le mystère français (Le Seuil, 2013).

21

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   SESSION	
  4	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   DEMOGRAPHY	  AND	
  IMMIGRATION	
  

Chair

Irina CHONGAROVA-ARON
ProfileIrina Chongarova-Aron is a linguist by background with wider social science interests. Herbook Intercultural Communication (2002) examines the linguistic and cultural aspects ofintercultural learning. Her publications focus on identity transformation through educational andfamily migration and on multilingual and multicultural matters. Her latest research explores theimpact of culture on the subjective well-being and satisfaction with life. Irina Chongarova-Aronlectures in Intercultural Communication at Kingston University and has also been a lecturer,
consultant and researcher on migration and interculturalism for several London Universities.
DiscussantJohn EADE
ProfileJohn Eade is Professor of Sociology and Anthropology and former Executive Director of
CRONEM (Centre for Research on Nationalism, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism) which links
Roehampton and the University of Surrey. After research in Kolkata (Calcutta) on the social
identity of the educated Bengali Muslim middle class, he completed his Ph.D. in 1986 on
Bangladeshi community politics in Tower Hamlets. Since then he has researched theIslamisation of urban space, globalisation and the global city, British Bangladeshi identity
politics, and travel and pilgrimage. He recently co-founded two book series: the Routledge
Series on Religion, Travel and Tourism; and the Ashgate Series on Pilgrimage.
DiscussantEric MACÉ
ProfileEric Macé is Professor of Sociology at the University of Bordeaux (France), Head of the Centre
Emile Durkheim, and member of the research laboratory on Comparative Political Science andSociology. His main areas of research are on postcolonial ethnicities, racial discrimination,
gender issues and politics of representation within the public sphere. He currently works on
post-2001 warfare. His most recent publications include: Pourquoi moi ? L’expérience desdiscriminations

(Why

me?

Experiencing

Discrimination),

L’Après-Patriarcat (The post-patriarchy), Paris, Seuil, 2015.

22

Paris,

Seuil,

2013;

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   SESSION	
  5	
  IMPACT	  OF	
  ART	  AND	
  CULTURE	   	
  Session	
  5	
  -­‐	
  Impact	
  of	
  Art	
  and	  Culture	
  Keynote	  Lecture	
  5	
  Power and Impact of Art & Culture
Seiichi KONDO
Former Commissioner of the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs
Abstract
Today’s world is characterized by growing fragmentation and divergence, causing dysfunctionof politics, economy and society. It is difficult to find, a democracy which is run by a single
party. Public opinion is getting more and more divergent producing proliferation of politicalparties that represent only a small segment of voters. Coalition is the only way to form agovernment. But it is often a marriage of convenience, not one based on ideology. Why is this?
Sustainable collaboration among many members of society, both at individual and sovereignstate levels, has become so difficult because of the absence of high values that could otherwise
govern the world and serve as a glue to connect members of a community with different
backgrounds. In ancient times it was myth that legitimized the government and connected
people. During the medieval ages it was religion. In the modern world it is liberal democracy.
Based on its universal values liberal democracy found its way to almost the entire world andwon the battle against communism, another universalism. This was called “the end of history”.
Ironically, however, the penetration of liberal values, such as freedom of speech, into people’s
mind without being accompanied by a moral sense (sense of responsibility, respect for others
and self-discipline) has given rise to fragmentation. Freedom leads to selfishness. Market
mechanism often drives people to short-sighted profit making. Liberal democracy itself is aneutral mechanism; it does not automatically guarantee justice, peace and prosperity. It works
for the society only when it is run properly by the people. It is like driving a car. Even withproducts of highest technology, such as the excellent Toyota Lexus, if drivers do not follow therules their cars would go in divergent directons, causing accidents and disorder. Confronting aformidable enemy, such as communism, liberal democracy served as a glue to unite the people.
After victory it started losing its adhesive power.
23

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   SESSION	
  5	
  IMPACT	  OF	
  ART	  AND	
  CULTURE	   	
  Today, people are primarily interested in their own short-term material/economic wealth, andthe acceleration of globalization has forced them to compete for it. Identity crisis produced
populism. Every individual has conscience and vice. It is vitally important to build a systemwith which one can mobilize all one’s conscience to restore mutual trust, beyond national
borders, languages, and religions, which is crucially important to build peace. Herein lies thepower of culture & the arts.
The power of culture & the arts consists of seven elements: the means to express oneself andestablish communication with others without depending on words; providing dreams andmotivation; contribution to social integration; revitalization of economy; national branding;giving inspiration and innovation; and the means to inherit the wisdom of ancestors. In addition
culture & arts dislikes war, whereas politics and economy tend to antagonize others, creating
winners and losers.
Arts and culture can awaken everyone’s conscience and moral sense and help develop further tomake friends and followers. In this way we can properly run a liberal democratic society whichis the best (or the least harmful) system for human society. We should not give ammunition toterrorists who try to downgrade liberal democracy.
ProfileSeiichi Kondo is Visiting Professor of the Faculty of Economics at Doshisha University. A
graduate of the University of Tokyo, he specializes in public diplomacy, cultural economics andsoft power. His key publications include A Major Stride for Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy (Japan
Echo, 2005), WTO Negotiations Under the Impact of Globalization: The opportunity andChallenge of Multilateralism in the Twenty-first Century (The WTO: Governance, Dispute
Settlement & Developing Countries, 2008), Wielding Soft Power: The Key Stages ofTransmission and Reception (Soft Power Superpowers, 2008) and The Owl of Minerva and the
Future of Japan (2013).
He has served as Minister of the Embassy of Japan to the U.S.; Deputy Director General of the
Economic Affairs Bureau; Deputy Secretary General of the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris; Director General of the Public Diplomacy
Department, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Permanent Delegate of Japan to
UNESCO; Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Denmark, Commissioner of the
Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan.

24

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   SESSION	
  5	
  IMPACT	  OF	
  ART	  AND	
  CULTURE	
   	
  

Chair

Salah HANNACHI
ProfileBorn in Tunisia in 1944, his extensive career has spanned the political and the academic spheres.
Salah Hannachi, Ph.D. (Management in Quantitative Analysis) at Columbia University, wasProfessor and Dean of the Graduate Business School of the University of Tunis II. He held
numerous positions of authority within the Tunisian government. From 1998 to 2007 he was the
Ambassador of Tunisia to Japan and Australia. He is also the President and founding member of
ATLAS (Association Tunisienne pour le Leadership, l’Autodéveloppement et la Solidarité), an
NGO working for rural and urban development in Tunisia.
Discussant

Saburo AOKIProfilePh.D. (linguistics) at the University of Paris 7 in 1984, he is Professor of Sciences of Language
and Communication at the University of Tsukuba. He has headed several research projects:
Brain Circulation Project (JSPS, 2010-12); Global Negotiation Program (2011-2014); Trans
East Asia and Europe Education Program (MEXT, 2011- ); and is currently the Vice Director of
the Institute of Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences.
DiscussantMargareta KASTBERG SJÖBLOM
ProfilePh.D. in linguistics, French language and literature at the University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis in
2002. Senior lecturer at the University of Franche-Comté since 2006. She is involved in andresponsible for several research projects in the areas of corpus linguistics, discourse analysis,
lexicometry and more generally in ‘digital humanities’, mainly in the domains of Arts andCulture. She has also served as Vice-President responsible for International Affairs at the
University of Franche-Comté. Currently she is the Director of Master Programs in Linguistics atthe same University.

25

FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  6	
  NTERCULTURAL	  DIALOGUE	  AND	
  
EDUCATION	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   PART	  I	
   	
   SPORTS	
  SCIENCES	  AND	
  CAPACITY	  BUILDING	  	
  Session	
  6	
  -­‐	  Intercultural	
  Dialogue	
  and	
  Education	
  
Part	
  I	
  -­‐	
  Sports	
  Sciences	
  and	  Capacity	
  Building	  The Teachings of Jigoro Kano andTsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS)
Hisashi SANADA
Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Abstract-

Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS) was established last year (2014)
at the University of Tsukuba. TIAS is one of the ‘Sport for Tomorrow’ projects which werepromised by the Japanese Government during the IOC Session in 2013 to contribute to thesporting world through education.

-

Our mission is human resource development - to nurture the next generation leaders in the
sporting world, with top priority on the Olympic and Paralympic Games. TIAS aims todevelop human resource in the following two areas: human resources with the latest
knowledge and ability to apply high-level management skills in leadership positions of the
sports sector anywhere in the world; human resources trained in Olympic and Paralympic
education and equipped with up-to-date knowledge of international sport sciences, but also
founded in Japanese culture, especially with regard to the teachings and philosophy of
Jigoro Kano.

-

Jigoro Kano, the founder of modern judo, served as the president of the Tokyo Higher
Normal School, the forerunner of the University of Tsukuba. He made efforts to develop
Physical Education (PE) and sport in Japan. Nowadays every school in Japan, fromelementary to high school and university, has PE classes and school sports activities. The
Japanese PE system has developed a lot over the past hundred years. Kano also served as amember of the IOC for thirty years.

-

Kano promoted the philosophy of ‘Conquer by Yielding’ in judo. The art of judo teaches torely upon the strength of the opponent to win; the greater an opponent’s strength the worse
26

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   SESSION	
  6	
  NTERCULTURAL	  DIALOGUE	  AND	
  
EDUCATION	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   PART	  I	
   	
   SPORTS	
  SCIENCES	  AND	
  CAPACITY	  BUILDING	  	
  it is for him and the better for the defendant. The philosophy teaches how to utilize an
opponent’s power against himself.
-

Finally, Kano also promoted the philosophy of Seiryoku Zenyo (maximum efficient use ofenergy) and Jita-Kyoei (mutual prosperity for self and others) through judo. Especially,
after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 he insisted on the importance of this way of
thinking.

ProfileHisashi Sanada, Ph.D., is Provost of the School of Health and Physical Education, Chair of
Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies（TIAS）and professor of the University ofTsukuba. His main area of research is in the history and anthropology of the Olympic Gamesand Olympic Education. He has also studied the philosophy and achievements of Jigoro Kano,
the first IOC member from Japan. He is General Director of the Centre for Olympic Researchand Education at the University of Tsukuba, which was approved by the IOC, and is in chargeof Olympic Education with eleven laboratory schools. He serves as Counselor to the CEO of theTokyo Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee and works on developing Olympic andParalympic Education.

27

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   SESSION	
  6	
  NTERCULTURAL	  DIALOGUE	  AND	
  
EDUCATION	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   PART	  I	
   	
   SPORTS	
  SCIENCES	  AND	
  CAPACITY	  BUILDING	  	  Disaster, Memory and the Value of SportTokyo and the Olympics
Satoshi SHIMIZU
Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Abstract
It has only been about 150 years since the centralized government system was established inJapan during the Meiji era. In 1909, Jigoro KANO became the first Asian member of the IOC,and in 1911 he established the Japan Sports Association and assumed the position of its firstchairman. In 1912, a delegation of Japanese athletes was sent to the Olympics in Stockholm forthe first time. Led by the mayor of Tokyo at the time, a bid to host the 1940 Olympic Gameswas unanimously adopted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly in October of 1931. It wasplanned as a restoration of Tokyo following the damage caused by the Great Kanto Earthquake
on September 1, 1923.
Preparations for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics included massive infrastructure reforms across theTokyo metropolitan region. Tokyo was seemingly transformed into a clean and hygienic city.
However, questions remain as to how deeply city planning was discussed in the lead-up to theGames, as the cost of infrastructural improvements reached an enormous one billion yen. This
included costs for the Organizing Committee, the construction and improvement of Olympic
competition facilities, highways, parks, water supply and drainage, the bullet train, Tokyo
International Airport, hotels, NHK Broadcast Center, and the removal of the Washington
Heights barracks in central Tokyo that had housed occupation forces following World War II.
It was significant that the Hinomaru (Rising Sun) was the image of the first poster adopted for
the Tokyo Olympics through a design competition held in June 1960. According to Yusaku
KAMEKURA, the designer, the logo was designed as a modern representation of a simple andpowerful red circle rather than as the hinomaru, with the intention of expressing the power ofJapan during its era of rapid growth, and of the dynamism of sports. The torch was carriedthrough twelve countries over a distance of 7,484 kilometers, taking fifty one days to complete
the journey. A total of 100,743 people participated in the torch relay. The anchor torch carrier
was 19-year-old Yoshinori SAKAI, who was known as the ‘Atomic Bomb Boy’ because he wasborn on August 6, 1945 in Miyoshi, Hiroshima Prefecture, seventy kilometers from ground zero,
only one-and-a-half hours after the nuclear attack on Hiroshima.

28

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   SESSION	
  6	
  NTERCULTURAL	  DIALOGUE	  AND	
  
EDUCATION	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   PART	  I	
   	
   SPORTS	
  SCIENCES	  AND	
  CAPACITY	  BUILDING	  	  Tokyo was chosen as the host city for the 32nd Olympics and Paralympics at the IOC Session in
Buenos Aires on September 7, 2013. It had been two-and-a-half years since the Great East
Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011; the most powerful quake in Japan’s recorded
history.
Tokyo was chosen to host the Olympics in 1940 (which never took place), in 1964, and in 2020.
All of these were decided after major disasters occurred in Japan. How did people come to value
sport, and what remained after the Olympics? And what kind of legacy emerged from thememories of the Olympic Games? We would like to discuss the effect of this mega-event here.
ProfileSatoshi Shimizu, Ph.D., is Professor at the University of Tsukuba, Chair of the Masters Programin Health and Sport Sciences, and Vice-chair of Tsukuba International Academy for Sport
Studies (TIAS). He has been studying sociology of sport and body culture studies, andresearching the cultural politics of baseball, football, Olympic Games and the history of the
body. His most recent article is Tokyo - Bidding for the Olympics and the Discrepancies of
Nationalism, The International Journal of the History of Sport, Routledge, 2014.

29

FRAGMENTATION	
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   SESSION	
  6	
  NTERCULTURAL	  DIALOGUE	  AND	
  
EDUCATION	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   PART	  I	
   	
   SPORTS	
  SCIENCES	  AND	
  CAPACITY	  BUILDING	  	
  Education for the omotenashi Way of Mind and Manner
Izumi EGAMI
Lecturer, University of Tsukuba
Abstract
Omotenashi is the traditional Japanese way of hospitality with the most dedicated and exquisitemanners. According to this way Japanese people can express an earnest welcome and respect
for others through traditional bowing, honorific and respectful language, and attention to detail.
There are many positive aspects of omotenashi, as for example in the simple way that Japanesesupporters at the 2014 Football World Cup in Brazil picked up and disposed of their trash
before they left the stadium, despite the fact that their home team was defeated. This act was
widely praised in the foreign media.
However, there are negative aspects in Japanese manners as well. During my time with Japan
Airlines I could observe that a Japanese businessman would only answer “beer” or “coffee”
without the please when asked what he would like to drink by a flight attendant, and would besilent or continue to play games when the drinks were served. Most non-Japanese, on the other
hand, would give a “thank you” with a smile. Or again, most non-Japanese travellers would
greet the crew on boarding a plane whereas generally a Japanese traveller would say nothing.
Thus, despite traditional Japanese manners, those people whose job it is to host the 2020
Olympic and Paralympic Games will have to be more open to the international world and learn
global manners.
The class of omotenashi Studies was started at the University of Tsukuba for undergraduate andinternational graduate students. They learn the manners of traditional Japanese food (washoku),
comparing them with the food culture and table manners of other countries. Through this course,
the students gain an understanding of Japanese culture, washoku manners and the omotenashi
way of mind.
ProfileIzumi Egami is a lecturer at the University of Tsukuba, specializing in global manners, Japanesehospitality and culture. She worked for Japan Airlines (JAL) as senior cabin crew and was headof the 1987 omotenashi education programme for new and junior crew members. She was
assigned to the special flight for the Crown Prince and Empress of Japan to the USA. She
resigned from JAL in 2013 and established the Global Manner Springs. She also holds seminars
on global manners and Japanese culture for schools, universities and companies. Izumi Egami is
proficient in calligraphy, the art of wearing Japanese kimono, and the manners of Japanese
washoku (cuisine). She is currently developing the systematic study of omotenashi.
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Part	
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The Phenomenon of Creole and Creolization
Musical Expression of the Cape Verdean Islands
Kay AOKI
Doctoral Student, Division of African Area Studies, Graduate School of Asian and African Area
Studies, Kyoto University
Keywords
creole, Cape Verde, morna, syncretism
Abstract
In essence, the phenomenon of creole would seem to be very similar to a form of syncretism.
The term ‘creole’ itself is in fact ambiguous and extremely complex as its definition depends on
the people, the language or even the dictionary citing it. For example it could mean a person ofwhite descent born in the Americas; a person of mixed European and black descent; a language
formed from a European language with an African language; native people, animals andcultures in the Americas; etc. However, if we consider the history of the term some important
keywords become apparent. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, when ‘creole’ first emerged
as a concept, it referred to a person or people of mixed descent (Creole people). As slavery
developed it also came to indicate a form of language which was considered a broken-European
language. After the abolishment of slavery, people gradually started using creole to express acertain type of culture. Finally, the second half of the twentieth century saw a remarkable
movement which gave birth to the concept of creole as an independent national identity. Thus
we can see from the context of creole that its term, peoples, language, culture and identity have
evolved over the various periods thanks to a flexibility, adaptability and potential to develop ortransform into another expression of human heritage.
This fact is extremely important in comprehending the essence of human society. Humankind
has differing identities that are strongly related to language, culture, country, area, ethnic group,
community and so on. There is certainly a syncretic phenomenon, spontaneously or
intentionally, in the process of constructing identity. It gradually develops and becomes a part ofeveryday life, as the creole of the twenty first century. Today, it is evident that we are facedwith a massive gap between ubiquitous globalization and our contemporary society, but a study

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  of the nature of creolity of a people, a society, a language, and a culture, could open up an
avenue of response to this issue.
In this presentation, I would like to address the specific case of the Cape Verdean people who,
through their popular music the morna, are in the process of creating a new understanding of
creolity in order to examine the meaning and importance of creole in today’s society. I will beshowing data from recent field work on traditional morna compared to modern morna toillustrate the beginning stages of creolization.
ProfileDoctoral student at Kyoto University in Lusophone and creole studies, and cultural
anthropology, his main area of research is on the Cape Verde Islands with particular focus on
creating identity through musical expression. Kay Aoki has lectured at the Department ofBritish and American Studies, Department of Global Affairs, Kyoto University of Foreign
Studies, and was a facilitator at the open lecture The Cultural History of Face - a comparison
between Europe and Japan, held at the Graduate School of Kyoto University of Foreign Studies,2014. He is a member of the research project ‘Cultures Sonores in Africa’, 2015, headed by
Hiroyuki Suzuki, Kokushikan University. To be published, Creole Music in Cape Verde,African Pops!, Akashishoten 2015.

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PART	
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  VARIATION	  	  Japanese-French Study of the Spread and Acceptance of PhysicalCulture: an analysis of Japanese sport animation films
Rie INABA
Researcher, University of Tsukuba

Sébastien LAFFAGE-COSNIER
Senior Lecturer, University of Franche-Comté
Keywords
cartoons, cultural dynamics, sport, education through image, youth
Abstract
In the late 1980-1990s in France, certain Japanese sports-themed animated cartoons had great
success with French children; so much so in fact that the number of enthusiasts in such sports
increased in spite of the completely different sports cultures of Japan and France. For there
exists not only an ideological conflict, but also significant differences can be observed at theeducational level. Furthermore, in Japanese sports culture we can see a particular ideology
represented by the hierarchical order, and this ideology is represented in cartoons and more
especially animated cartoons. In fact, we may wonder why and how Japanese sports animatedcartoons managed to attract French children.
Our pluridisciplinary project aims to analyze the transformations of the original Japanese
cartoons that were necessary for their production in France. Specifically we would like toexamine the Olive et Tom series, the original title of which is Captain Tsubasa, and Jeanne etSerge which is entitled Attacker YOU! in Japan. In fact, our project aims to clarify the reasonsfor the success of the spread of Japanese sports animated cartoons in France. Moreover, in
examining how implied sexual scenes have been cut and how titles and names have beenchanged, for example, we hope to bring to light the filters applied to Japanese sports culture asexported to France which could give a real indication of the international process of sports
diffusion and transformation.

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  ProfileRie INABA
Ph.D (linguistics) at the University of Tsukuba in 2011, she is a postdoctoral researcher at the
University of Tsukuba in charge of the Comparative Study of Contemporary Japanese Society(COMPAS-CJS) program within the Trans-East Asia and Europe Education Program (MEXT,
2011- ) headed by Saburo Aoki.

She is also a part time lecturer at Kanda University ofInternational Studies. Her main research area is on comparative studies, more especiallyJapanese -French linguistics and culture.
ProfileSébastien LAFFAGE-COSNIER
Senior Lecturer in Sports Sciences (STAPS), Sébastien Laffage-Cosnier is working in the
research centre for Culture, Sport, Health and Society of the University of Franche-Comté. He isparticularly interested in the history of school innovations, the history of physical education andsport, and finally, in the mediatisation and representation of body practices in the nineteenth andtwentieth centuries.

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PART	
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  IDENTITY	
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  VARIATION	  	  Re-interpretation of a Cultural Object: the jo-ha-kyû concept
in the Tenshyô karate kataJérémie BRIDE
Post-doctoral researcher, University of Franche-Comté
Keywords
social patrimonial practice, intercultural mediation, anthropo-didactics
Abstract
As a cultural heritage karate was born in a particular cultural context and its techniques havebeen taught for centuries from masters to disciples. These techniques are listed in kata, which
are the main means of teaching karate in Japan. Kata are studied as a cultural object and show
how Japanese culture is embodied in these techniques, as for example: the use of time and space
which seems to be specific to the Japanese culture (see Katô, 2007); the use of ‘breath’ and its
link to harnessing energy 気 (ki); the way of teaching karate through kata which are repeatedthousands of times to allow access to the arcana of this art. The way to move, to walk, to dance,
to swim or to fight marks a cultural identity. Born in Okinawa, karate was hidden in the
traditional dance Eisa during wartime, and similarities of movement can be identified between
Eisa and karate moves.
Among karate kata, the Tenshô kata is very relevant to show how culture can be embodied
inside a cultural object and particularly inside a physical practice. Temporality inside theTenshô kata has similarities with a Japanese type of temporality called jo-ha-kyû (序破急). This
temporality is defined with a particular form of intensity, pace and density that can be observedin traditional Japanese music (see Tamba, 2004), or other arts. This study is one of four studies
which are the result of my doctoral research, the gist of which proposes that a Japanese form of
temporality can be found in karate. According to the methodology of the Japanese musicologist
Akira Tamba, the Tenshô kata presents the same curves of intensity, pace and density as thecurves of traditional music such as can be found in music of the Nô theatre. Embodied within acultural object, here a physical practice, cultural elements are transferred to another culture
when exported, but how are these cultural elements interpreted by the other culture?
This research shows that these elements are not always fully understood by those who welcome
a foreign cultural practice. Indeed, as can be seen in the case of karate, they will re-interpret,

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  over-interpret or misinterpret the real essence. This is due to the power of the welcoming culture
and its impact on the interpretation of a cultural object. Therefore the practise of karate itself ischanged and becomes another activity.
Karate, a martial art originally from Okinawa formed from various Chinese and then Japanesecultures, now takes the guise of a Western sport and meets the expectations of occidental
practitioners.
ProfilePhD (Physical Education and Sports Sciences), at the University of Franche-Comté in January
2015, his dissertation was an intercultural contrastive study between France and Japan of karate
as a cultural object. Jérémie Bride spent three years in Japan observing and practicing karate indojos whilst studying at Japanese university (University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, the birthplace of karate; Osaka University; and under a research program at Tsukuba University). His
research intersects the different scientific fields of Anthropology, Linguistics, and Sport
Sciences and Physical Education, with the aim of demonstrating possible avenues of alterity andthe understanding of a foreign, as well as one’s own, culture through a cultural object, or in thiscase, through a physical activity.

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Chair

Irène TAMBAProfileAfter studying comparative classical grammar (French, Greek, Latin) at Aix en Provence, andJapanese language at INALCO, Irène Tamba taught at several high schools in France (including
the pilot school of Sèvres), and then at the University of Hiroshima in Japan, and the Nanterre,
Paris-Sorbonne and Strasbourg universities in France. In 1988 she became Director of Studiesof the Centre for East-Asian Linguistics at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales(EHESS). She established the Japanese studies section of the pilot high school of Sèvres and of
the University of Strasbourg. She was director in DEA language sciences and holds a seminaron comparative and Japanese linguistics at the EHESS.
Discussant
Craig SMITH
ProfileCraig Smith is a Professor of the Department of Global Affairs at Kyoto University of Foreign
Studies. He is interested in vocabulary acquisition, especially the teaching of delexicalized verbs,
and team teaching methodology for vocabulary. He is also involved in several experiential andservice learning projects with foreign language students.

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