DGA-SHEETS technical note - separation of Ge/Ga
DGA sheetsnote- separationof Ge/Ga. mixture - AEM
DGA sheets technicalnote -technicalseparationof 227
Actinium equilibrium
Ján Kozempel,
Kozempel, Ph.D.
JánPh.D.
Universalsystem– paper
impregnatedwithwith
N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl
Diglycolamide
is an useful
Universalchromatographic
chromatographicsystem– paper
impregnated
N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl
Diglycolamide
is antool for various elements separation and may serve as validated QC method for radionuclide generators
useful tool for Ge/Ga separation that may serve as validated QC method for radionuclide generators
eluates and nuclides separation.
eluate as well as other Ga/Ge mixtures. The 68Ge decays according to a scheme:
The 227Ac is produced in a nuclear reactor and decays according to a scheme:
𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 −227𝜀𝜀 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾) 227𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 �⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯�𝛽𝛽+𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅(𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛,𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
68
68→→
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 42𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 68𝑍𝑍𝑍𝑍𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.
226271 𝑑𝑑 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼68�⎯⎯⎯�𝑚𝑚 211𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 �⎯⎯⎯⎯� 211𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 �⎯⎯⎯� 207𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 �⎯⎯⎯� 207𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �⎯⎯⎯⎯� 227𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇ℎ �⎯⎯⎯⎯� 223𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 �⎯⎯⎯� 219𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛�⎯⎯⎯� 215𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 be separated
18 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1168𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑Ge in a radionuclide
4 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚85 % of5the36 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 nominal
Thus 68Ga22may
fromgenerators.
More than227

𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 −𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 −𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 −𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼activity is reached every 3 hours in the generator so multiple elutions in one day are possible.

Thus 227Ac may be separated from 226Ra as well as 223Ra from 227Ac and 227Th. Single5 68
× 20 cm DGA‐sheet was
68
× 20sheet
cm DGA-sheet
wasor separation
low activity
Ge/(collected
cut of 20Single
x20 cm2 bulk
and used fortheusedseparationof AEM.ofMobile
phase wastheGa
1Msample
HNO3. Developed
68
68
68
decayed Ge/ Ga
eluateswith very lowonGe
breakthrough).
Mobilephase
theFurther,
6M HNOAfter
3. sheetchromatographic
sheet
was measurement
a standard
radio‐TLC
scanner(see wasFig.1).
the211the re‐measured
sheet elution,
first measurement
a standard
radio-TLC
scanner the(see Fig.1).
wasrepeatedly
during one washour performedin the sameon
positionto allow
to decay/growth
Pb in211
223
227
223
therespective
peakswasof re-measured
Pb and Ra.after
Finallythesheetinwas
after totheallow
decaytoofdecay/growth
Th and Rathe
inFurther,
the sheet
few
hours
themeasured
same position
227
227
68
68
68
68
theirpeaks (oneyearof
afterGa
theandseparation)
so atGa
thesolutions
Ac peaknositeactivity
the ingrowth
Th andGa respectivein the respective
peaks
Ge. Inandpureshouldofremain
at223
Ra allowed its detection. In pure 223Ra solution, no activity should remain in first half of the chromatogram.

the start of the radio-chromatogram.

Fig. 1. Separation of AEM using 5 × 20 cm DGA‐sheet with 1M HNO3 as a mobile phase. 227Th remains
on start, 227Ac has a retention factor ≈ 0.2, 211Pb ≈ 0.7 and 223Ra ≈ 0.9.

Fig. 1. Separation of 68Ge/68Ga mixture using 2 × 20 cm DGA-sheet with 6M HNO3 as a mobile phase.
4. (223Ra)

3. (211Pb)
10090

4. (223Ra)
68

Ge

measured after Ga-68 decay/ingrowth2
measured
after Ga-68 elution80

1. (227Th)

1. (227Th)

7060

Counts2. (227Ac)

3. (211Pb)

2. (227Ac)

5068

Ga4030Fig. 2. Left: γ‐spectrum of 20peak 2. (227Ac in equilibrium with daughter nuclei); Right: Decay/ingrowthof 211Pb in peaks 3./4.
10050

100150Counts0

10,000200

Distance (mm)1,000

Pb‐211, peak 3
Ra‐223, peak 4
Th‐227, peak 1
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