International Standards for Properties and Performance ofAdvanced Ceramics – Entering 4 Decades of Quality & Rigor
Michael Jenkins1; Jonathan Salem2; John Helfinstine3; George Quinn4; and Stephen Gonczy5
1 Bothell Engineering and Science Technologies Inc., Bothell, WA; 2 Mechanics and Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Centre, Cleveland, OH; 3 Corning Inc Retiree &Consultant, Big Flats, NY; 4 Government Retiree & Consultant, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD;

Committee C28 Advanced Ceramic Standards
Monolithics

C 1499 Biaxial
Strength (RT)C 1341 CMC Flexure Strength
C 1469 Joint
Strength C 1674 Honeycomb Flex StrengthC 1835 Classification for SiC/SiC
C 1836 Classification for C/C

ASTM C28 Advanced Ceramic Standards by Subjecthttp://www.astm.org/COMMIT/C28_StdsBySubject.doc

C 1323 C-ring Strength

C 1292 CMC Shear Strength (RT)C 1425 Shear Strength (HT)-1/m

C 1212 Seeded Voids
C 1336 Seeded Inclusions

log VEC 1070 Particle Size, Laser LightC 1274 Particle Size, BET
C 1282 Particle Size, Centrifugal Sed.
C 1470
Thermal Guide

C 1495 Grinding

C 1525 Thermal ShockC 1239 Weibull

C 1683 Weibull
Scaling

C 1175 NDE Guide

Subcommittees
C28.01 Mech. Prop. + Reliability
C28.03 Physical Prop. + NDE
C28.04 Applications
C28.07 Ceramic Matrix Composites
C28.91 Terminology

C 1624 Coatings –Scratch Adhesion

NDE and Design

C 1326 Knoop Hardness
C 1327 Vickers Hardness

C 1198 Elastic Modulus- continuous
C 1259 Elastic Modulus- impulse

1) Standardized fracture toughness tests
using Test Method C1421 ensure correctcomparisons of different authors’ results

C 1819 Hoop Tensile
Strength of CMC tubes(elastomer insert)

2.2
C 1322 Fractography
C 1678 Fracture MirrorPowders

C 1273 Tensile Strength (RT)C 1291 Creep, Creep Rupture
C 1366 Tensile Strength (HT)C 1361 Cyclic Fatigue

The Problem:
Transparent Armor Ceramics asSpacecraft Windows*

C 1557Filament
Strength &Stiffness

C 1468
CMC TensileStrength
TransThickness

0.5

C 1424Compression
Strength (RT)C 1421 RT FractureToughness

C 1275 CMC Tensile Strength (RT)C 1337 Creep, Creep Rupture
C 1359 CMC Tensile Strength (HT)C 1360 Cyclic Fatigue
C 1773 CMC Tube Axial Tensile (RT) C 1358 CMC
Compression Strength

Fracture Toughness, MPam

C 1161 Flexural Strength (RT)C 1211 Flexural Strength (HT)C 1368 Slow Crack Growth (RT, Dyn Fatigue)
C 1465 Slow Crack Growth (HT, Dyn Fatigue)
C 1576 Slow Crack Growth (RT, Stress Rupture)
C 1684 Flexural Strength (Rods)
C 1834 Slow Crack Growth (HT, Stress Rupture)

Composites, Coatings, Porous Ceramics

For further information

List of C28 Subcommittees and Links to Standardshttp://www.astm.org/COMMIT/SUBCOMMIT/C28.htm

Tangible Benefits
Comparisons Among Authorsand Helping to Interpret Data

Visit the C28 website ( http://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/C28.htm ) to purchase C28 standards or join Committee C28.

C 1494 C, N, O in silicon nitride

Committee C28 and Standards for Ceramics
ASTM C28 Committee Page –http://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/C28.htm

Standardization:{111}1.6Intergranular

1.40200

ASTM Standards for Advanced Ceramics, Whitewares,
Glass, and Ceramic Tilehttp://www.astm.org/Standards/glass-and-ceramicstandards.html

150

1000

NIST,polishedpolished low expansion glass
NIST,
NASA, ground fused silica
GRC, groundSoda-lime silicate

50
45
40
3530

*J.A. Salem,
J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,
96[1] 281-289 (2013)

Soda-lime silicate

10-4

10-310-2

10-1100101102.

Stress Rate, s, MPa/s

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Section III Nuclear Components,Division 5 references C28 standards. In addition, Composite Materials
Handbook, CMH-17, Volume 5 Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials, Part C
Testing, references and summarizes C28 standards.

References:Classifications C1835 and C1836
Test Methods C1773 and C1819

800

10090
80
7060

Design Codes

We thank the more than 90 industry, government,
and academic committee members from many
countries (~25% non-USA) who have volunteered
many hours to develop these standards via work insix technical and four administrative subcommittees.

600

Fused Silica08-2016

2010-5

Acknowledgments

4002) Standard-sized circular disks could be
used to determine Poisson’s ratio andYoung’s modulus via Test Method C1259
and biaxial strength via Test Method
C1499 as well as the slow crack growthparameters, n and A, via Test Method
C1368.

C 1145 Terminology

Collaborating ASTM Committees: C08 Refractories; C21 Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products;
C26 Nuclear Fuel Cycle; D30 Composite Materials; E07 Nondestructive Testing; E08 Fatigue and Fracture;
E10 Nuclear Technology and Applications; E28 Mechanical Testing; F04 Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices;
F34 Rolling Element Bearings; G02 Wear and Erosion
Collaborating International Organizations: ISO TC206 Fine/Technical/Adv Ceramics; CEN TC184 Technical Ceramics

ASME BPV Section III, Div 5,
WG on Graphite and CMCs

{100}

Grain Size, mm25

Chart showing ASTM C28 Advanced Ceramic Standardshttp://www.astm.org/COMMIT/
C28StandardsGraphic_2015a_StandardsChart.pdf{110}

Stewart & Bradt
Ghosh et al.
Schwantes & Elbur
SalemSingle Crystal
Stewart & Bradt

1.2200

ASTM C28 standards are found in Vol. 15.01 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards

Mixed inter- transgranular

1.8

C 1331 Ultrasonic Velocity
C 1332 Ultrasonic Attenuation

Terms, Workshops, Education
STP 1201 Life Prediction
STP 1309 Composites
STP 1392 Composites
STP 1409 Fracture

2.0

1.0

Fracture Strength, sf , MPa

Mechanical and physical properties/performance of brittlebodies (e.g., advanced ceramics and glasses) can bedifficult to measure correctly unless the proper techniques
are used. For over three decades, ASTM Committee C28
on Advanced Ceramics, has developed numerous fullconsensus standards (e.g., test methods, practices, guides,terminology) to measure various properties andperformance of monolithic and composite ceramics andcoatings that, in some cases, may be applicable to glasses.
These standards give the “low-down” for determining
many mechanical, physical, and thermal properties andperformance thereby providing accurate, reliable,repeatable and complete data. Involvement in ASTM
Committee C28 includes users, producers, researchers,designers, academicians, etc. who write, continuallyupdate, and validate through round robin test programmes,
nearly 50 standards as the Committee enters the fourth
decade since its inception in 1986. Included in this poster
is a pictogram of the ASTM Committee C28 standards andhow to obtain them either as i) individual copies (physicalor digital) with full details or ii) a complete collection inone volume. A listing of other ASTM committees ofinterest is included. In addition, some examples of thetangible benefits of standards for advanced ceramics
demonstrate their practical application.

log σIntroduction

5 Gateway Materials Technology Inc., Mt. Prospect, ILCMH-17, Vol 5, Part C
References and summarizes:
Test Methods C1275 and C1359
Test Methods C1360
Test Methods C1292 and C1425
Test Method C1358
Test Method C1468

Col 4 vs Col 5Standardization:
Tangible Benefits

Col 1 vs Fail Stress MPa
Col 4 vs Col 5
Col 1 vs Fail Stress MPa

ASTM F2094 / F2094M – 14 Standard
Specification for Silicon Nitride Bearing Balls
ASTM Committee F34 Rolling Element Bearings
used C28 standards in this specification• Minimum average flexural strength inaccordance with Test Method C 1161
• Minimum fracture toughness inaccordance with Test Method C 1421