09
BIPARJOY CYCLONE UNLEASHED: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OFGEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT
Mehnaj Sheikh1 and M. M. Sheikh2
Research Scholar, IASE University, Sardar Shahar (Churu) Rajasthan, India
2
Professor (Geography) and Head, Govt. Lohia College, Churu, Rajasthan, India
Email: mmskh@rediffmail.com
1

How to cite this paper:
Sheikh Mehnaj, Sheikh M. M.
(2023)
Biparjoy
CycloneUnleashed: A Comprehensive
Analysis of Geographical andSocial Impact, Journal of
Global Resources, Vol. 09 (02)DOI:
10.46587/JGR.2023.v09i02.009

Received: 21 June 2023
Reviewed: 28 June 2023
Final Accepted: 30 June 2023

Abstract: Cyclones, as powerful and destructive natural
phenomena, have significant socio-economic consequenceson the affected regions. This paper aims to provide acomprehensive overview of the socioeconomic impact of
cyclones by examining the various dimensions of theireffects on communities, infrastructure, economies, andlivelihoods. Cyclones are severe weather events that havethe potential to cause significant damage to both theenvironment and human societies. This paper aims toprovide a concise overview of the geographical analysis andsocio-economic impact of cyclones, examining theirconsequences on various aspects of society and theeconomy. By considering case studies and previous
research, this analysis explores the short-term and longterm effects of cyclones on communities, infrastructure,
livelihoods, and government response. The analysis
highlights that the direct impact of cyclones on human lives
is the most devastating aspect. The loss of life, injuries, andthe ensuing emotional trauma have long-lasting
consequences for affected individuals and communities.
Moreover, the destruction of physical infrastructure,including housing, roads, power supply, and communication
networks, impedes rescue and relief efforts, hinders
economic activities, and slows down the recovery process.
Key words: Biparjoy Cyclone, Socio-economic Impact

70

Introduction
Cyclones are natural disasters that can have severe socio-economic consequences on thecommunities and regions they strike. These powerful storms bring strong winds, heavy rainfall,
storm surges, and widespread destruction. One such cyclone that recently hit the coastal
region of Arabian sea was Biparjoy Cyclone. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive
analysis of the socio-economic impact of Biparjoy Cyclone, highlighting the challenges faced
by affected communities and the road to recovery. The socioeconomic impacts of cyclones
extend beyond immediate aftermaths, often resulting in long-term economic setbacks.
Disruptions to agricultural production, loss of livestock, damage to fishing industries, anddestruction of tourism infrastructure can lead to decreased incomes, increased unemployment,
and heightened poverty levels. The loss of assets and livelihood opportunities exacerbates
pre-existing inequalities and can further marginalize vulnerable groups. In addition, the study
emphasizes the significance of preparedness, early warning systems, and effective disastermanagement strategies in mitigating the socio-economic impacts of cyclones. Adequate
infrastructure, resilient housing, insurance coverage, and social safety nets are crucial inbuilding resilience and facilitating a prompt recovery. Strengthening community-based
initiatives, promoting climate adaptation measures, and enhancing disaster risk reduction
policies are also essential to minimizing the socioeconomic vulnerabilities associated withcyclones. Understanding the socioeconomic impact of cyclones is imperative for policymakers,
disaster management agencies, and local communities to develop effective strategies for risk
reduction, preparedness, and resilience building. By addressing the complex interplay between
natural hazards and socioeconomic factors, this study aims to contribute to informed decisionmaking, ultimately fostering sustainable development and reducing the vulnerability of cycloneprone regions. After cyclone Mocha in the Bay of Bengal, this is the second storm of this year
in the North Indian Ocean. Though this time, the cyclone is on the western side of the Indian
mainland. The cyclonic storm made an entrance near the Arabian sea in June, after which it
was named cyclone Biparjoy.
Biparjoy Cyclone
The cyclonic storm “Biparjoy” over east central and adjoining south-east Arabian sea remained
practically stationary during last 3 hours and lay cantered at 02.30 hours IST of 07th June,
2023 over the same region near latitude 12.5° N and longitude 66.0° E, about 900 km. westsouth-west of Goa, 1020 km. south-west of Mumbai, 1090 km. south-southwest of Porbandar
and 1380 km. south of Karachi. After Mocha in the Bay of Bengal, the second storm of the2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season is here, this time on the western side of the Indian
mainland. Having brewed in the Arabian Sea over the past few days, this new system
intensified into a cyclonic storm late on June 6th, after which it was named cyclone Biparjoy.
Pronounced as ‘Biporjoy’, this Bangla name recommended by Bangladesh means ‘disaster’fitting for a cyclone that may transform into a very severe cyclonic storm at its peak later thisweek. The naming of this cyclone was done as per the decree issued by the World
Meteorological Organisation (WMO), which mandates the naming of cyclones to prevent
confusion in cases where multiple systems coexist in a single location. Under this decree, six
Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres (RSMCs) and five regional Tropical Storm
Warning Centres (TCWCs) have been authorised to issue advisories and assign names totropical cyclones worldwide.
Biporjoy Cyclone Location
The Biporjoy Cyclone is near the adjoining Pakistan coasts between Mandvi in Gujarat andKarachi near the Jakhau Port and can enter India at any point. The wind speed at that time will71

be around 125 to 135 km/h and the category of cyclonic disturbance will be a severe cyclonicstorm. The India Meteorological Department of the Ministry of Earth Sciences has released awarning including all the details of this cyclone. The situation of the sea will be phenomenalover the northeast and connecting east central Arabian Sea till the 15th of June at sunset time
and the cyclone surge of about 2-3 meter beyond the astronomical wave is probably toinundate the low-lying areas of the above districts during the time of landfall. In the area ofKutch, Devbhumi, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Morbi and Junagarh and Rajkot, destruction of theKutcha house and some damage to the Pucca house is expected.
Figure 01: Key Map of Biparjoy Cyclone

Source: Zoom Earth website

Figure 02: Route and Intensity of Biparjoy Cyclone

Source: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/72

Figure 03: Observed Track with Intensity of Cyclonic Biparjoy

Source: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/Wind Speed
The Biporjoy Cyclone started from the Arabian sea at 30 km/ph and then on the 6th of June thespeed of the cyclone reached 75 km/ph. The next day on the 7th of June the cyclone becomesvery severe with the speed of 135 km/ph and then holds the speed of 150 km/ph at 5:30 in themorning of the 8th of June 2023. The cyclone then holds this speed for some days till it becomes
an extremely severe cyclonic storm. Meanwhile, on the 10th of June at 5:30 PM, the cyclone
had a speed of 195 km/ph and this was the maximum speed of this cyclone. Then, after
midnight the speed decreases to 155 km/ph and the cyclone becomes a very severe cyclonicstorm on the 14th of June the speed decreases to 150 km/ph. After the cyclone reaches thecoastal region of India the forecast is that the speed will be 110 km/ph and the cyclone will
become a severe cyclone. Typical track and intensity forecast along with (a) cone ofuncertainty and (b) wind distribution issued on 9th June evening (1730 hrs IST/1200 UTC)
about 06 days and 6 hours prior to landfall and 12th June morning (0000 UTC/ 0530 hours
IST) about 04 days and 18 hours prior to landfall demonstrated accuracy in track, intensity andlandfall prediction
North-east Arabian Sea: Gale wind speed reaching 150-160 km/ph gusting to 180 km/ph
prevailing over the region likely to decrease becoming 125-135 km/ph gusting 150 km/ph by
15th morning to evening. It would weaken gradually further more thereafter becoming 45-55
km/ph gusting to 65 km/ph by 16th morning.
73East-central Arabian Sea: Gale wind speed reaching 150-160 km/ph gusting to 180 km/ph
prevailing over the region likely to decrease becoming 90-100 km/ph gusting to 110 km/ph on
14th morning and 40-50 km/ph gusting to 60 km/ph on 16th morning. Wind warning along and
off Saurashtra and Kutch coasts (Kutch, Devbhumi Dwarka, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Rajkot,
Junagarh and Morbi districts) including Gulf of Kutch:• Squally wind speed reaching 50-60 km/ph gusting to 70 km/ph prevailing over theseregions and likely to continue till 13th midnight.
• It would increase to Gale wind speed reaching 65-75 km/ph gusting to 85 km/ph from14th June morning along and off Porbandar and Devbhoomi Dwarka district coasts.
• It would become 125-135 km/ph gusting to 150 km/ph from 15th morning for subsequent
12 hours along and off Kutch, Devbhumi Dwarka, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Rajkot,
Junagarh and Morbi districts. Thereafter it would decrease gradually becoming 45-55
km/ph gusting to 65 km/ph over north Gujarat and adjoining south Rajasthan from 16thmorning to evening.
• Squally wind speed reaching 55-65 km/ph gusting to 75 km/ph very likely to prevail along
and off remaining districts of Saurashtra coast on 14th and 15th June and 30-40 km/ph
gusting to 50 km/ph during 16th June morning to evening.
Figure 04: Translation Speed and Direction During Life of Biparjoy Cyclone

Source: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/

Figure 05: Maximum Sustained Surface Wind Speed (kt) and estimated Central
Pressure (hPa) during Life Period of “ESCS Biparjoy”

Source: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/

74

The figures 04 show the translation Speed and direction during life of Biparjoy cyclone. From
6th June to 14thJune it increases in tremendous speed as compared to average windtranslation speed. After 14th June it goes down below average. The figure 05 shows the
maximum sustained surface wind speed (kt) and estimated central pressure (hPa) during thelife period of extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) Biparjoy.
Figure 06: Typical Track and Intensity Forecast along with (A) Cone of Uncertainty and(B) Wind Distribution

Source: https://mausam.imd.gov.in/This storm is expected to touch the coasts of Gujarat on the 15th of June at 06 PM witha speed of 110 km/ph. This cyclone also brings moderate rain in the regions like Kutch,
Devbhumi Dwarka, Porbandar, Jamnagar, and Junagarh and there was heavy rain in someisolated places.
Causes of Cyclones
Cyclones, also known as hurricanes or typhoons depending on the region, are large-scale
weather systems characterized by low-pressure centers and strong circulating winds. They
form over warm ocean waters near the equator and are influenced by several factors. Hereare the main causes of cyclones:
Warm Ocean Waters: Cyclones require warm ocean waters with temperatures typically above
26.50 degrees Celsius (80 degrees Fahrenheit) to provide the necessary energy for theirformation and intensification. The warm water evaporates, providing moisture and heat to fuelthe storm.
Coriolis Effect: The Coriolis effect is caused by the Earth's rotation and influences the
movement of air masses. As air moves towards the low-pressure center of a cyclone, theCoriolis effect causes it to rotate in a cyclonic (counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphereand clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) direction.
Low-Pressure Systems: Cyclones form around areas of low atmospheric pressure. Whenwarm, moist air rises from the ocean surface, it creates an area of low pressure near thesurface. This upward motion of air allows more warm air to be drawn into the system, leading
to further intensification.

75

Atmospheric Instability: Cyclones thrive in an environment with high levels of atmosphericinstability. This instability is often caused by the interaction of warm, moist air at lower levelsof the atmosphere and cooler air at higher levels. The contrast in temperature and moisturecreates conditions conducive to the development of thunderstorms within the cyclone.
Pre-existing Disturbances: Cyclones often form from pre-existing weather disturbances,such as tropical waves or clusters of thunderstorms. These disturbances can evolve into
tropical depressions, tropical storms, and eventually cyclones, if the conditions mentioned
above are favorable. It is important to note that while these factors contribute to cyclone
formation, the exact interplay of these elements can vary from storm to storm and is influenced
by regional and local conditions.
Effect of Cyclone
Cyclones can have significant effects on both the environment and human populations. The
specific impacts can vary depending on the intensity and size of the cyclone, as well as thegeographical and socioeconomic factors of the affected area. Here are some common effectsof cyclones:
Strong Winds: Cyclones are characterized by powerful winds that can cause extensive
damage to infrastructure, including buildings, power lines, and vegetation. High-speed winds
can uproot trees, blow off roofs, and generate flying debris, posing a threat to both human lifeand property.
Heavy Rainfall and Flooding: Cyclones often bring heavy rainfall, leading to widespreadflooding. The combination of intense rainfall and storm surge (an abnormal rise in sea level)
can cause rivers to overflow, inundating coastal and low-lying areas. Flooding can damage
homes, infrastructure, crops, and disrupt essential services like transportation andcommunication. Light to moderate rainfall at many places in Kutch, Devbhumi Dwarka,
Porbandar, Jamnagar, Junagarh and Rajkot districts of Saurashtra and Kutch with isolated
heavy to very heavy rainfall on 13th June. Light to moderate rainfall at most places with heavy
to very heavy rainfall and extremely heavy falls at isolated places very likely over Kutch,
Devbhumi Dwarka, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Rajkot, Junagarh and Morbi districts of Saurashtra
and Kutch on 14th June. The intensity of rainfall would increase with heavy to very heavy rainfall
at a few places and extremely heavy falls at isolated places very likely over Kutch, Devbhumi
Dwarka and Jamnagar and heavy to very heavy rainfall at a few places over Porbandar,
Rajkot, Morbi and Junagarh districts of Gujarat and Isolated heavy to very heavy rainfall is very
likely over remaining districts of Saurashtra and north Gujarat region on 15th June. Light tomoderate rainfall at most places with heavy to extremely heavy rainfall at isolated places very
likely over north Gujarat and adjoining south Rajasthan on 16th June 2023.
The cyclone Biparjoy made landfall in four districts of Rajasthan, caused heavy rainfall
in the city of Ajmer that resulted in flooding at the hospital area. As per India Meteorological
Department's (IMD), the remnant of the cyclonic storm Biparjoy which created a depression
over central parts of East Rajasthan is likely to move nearly east-northeast wards and maintainits intensity of depression during the next 12 hours in the month of June at the time of cyclonicconditions of Biparjoy. On 18th June, heavy rain accompanied by strong winds lashed partsof Rajasthan's Barmer district under the influence of cyclonic storm Biparjoy. Severe
waterlogging and a flood-like situation were seen at various places. According to the Disaster
Relief and Management Department, heavy rains were recorded in many areas of Eastern
Rajasthan. As per the meteorological department, 226 mm of rainfall was recorded in Pali's76

Airan Pura Road, 155 mm in Sirohi, 123 mm in Jalore and 91 mm in Jodhpur City from morning
to evening on 18th June.
Storm Surge: Along coastal areas, cyclones can cause a storm surge, which is a temporaryrise in sea level due to the intense winds pushing water towards the shore. Storm surges canresult in coastal erosion, inundation of coastal communities, and the destruction of coastal
habitats. They pose a severe risk to human life, as the rapid influx of water can cause drowningand property damage.
Tornadoes and Waterspouts: Cyclones can spawn tornadoes or waterspouts, which areintense rotating columns of air. These smaller-scale vortexes within the cyclone can cause
additional localized damage, including destruction of buildings and infrastructure.
Landslides and Mudslides: The heavy rainfall associated with cyclones can saturate the soil,
increasing the risk of landslides and mudslides, particularly in hilly or mountainous regions.
Landslides can bury homes, roads, and infrastructure, leading to loss of life and hinderingrescue and relief efforts.

Plates: (a) Car submerged in Mandvi, Gujarat (Source: Reuters, 16th June),(b) Fallen trees in Saurashtra (Source: PTI, 16th June),(c) NDRF team clearing fallen trees (Source: NDTV, 16th June) and(d) Blocked road at Naliya near Jakhau (Source: The Hindu, 17th June)

Plates: (e) Damaged electric poles in Kutch district (Source: PTI, 17th June)(f) Damage at Jakhau Port (g) Damaged trees at Kandla Port and(h) Damaged buildings at Kandla Port (Source: f to g Post Cyclone Survey team, IMD)

77

Plate: Dark clouds hover over the city as an impact of cyclone Biparjoy, in Ajmer 18 th June
Source Asian News International (ANI)

Disruption of Utilities and Services: Cyclones can cause extensive power outages, damage
communication networks, and disrupt essential services such as water supply andtransportation. These disruptions can hamper emergency response efforts and prolong therecovery process.
Ecological Impacts: Cyclones can have significant ecological impacts, especially in coastal
areas and marine ecosystems. The storm surge and flooding can damage coral reefs,
mangrove forests, and other coastal habitats, affecting marine life. The influx of freshwater into
coastal areas can disrupt the balance of salinity and impact aquatic ecosystems.
Cyclone Effect of Human
Cyclones can have a significant impact on human populations, leading to various effects onhuman lives, health, livelihoods, and overall well-being. Here are some specific effects ofcyclones on humans:
Loss of Life and Injuries: Cyclones can result in the loss of human lives due to the destructive
forces of strong winds, storm surges, and flooding. Flying debris, collapsing structures, anddrowning pose significant risks during cyclones. Injuries can occur as a result of direct physicalimpacts, and the subsequent lack of access to medical care and emergency services canexacerbate the situation.
Displacement and Homelessness: Cyclones often lead to the displacement of populations,as people are forced to evacuate from vulnerable areas or their homes are damaged or
destroyed. Displaced individuals may seek temporary shelter in evacuation centers, which canbecome overcrowded and lack basic amenities. Some people may become homeless as aresult of the cyclone's destruction, requiring long-term support for housing and rehabilitation.
Emotional and Psychological Impact: Cyclones can have a profound emotional andpsychological impact on affected individuals. The experience of surviving a cyclone, witnessing
the destruction of homes and communities, and coping with the loss of loved ones can lead totrauma, anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges. The long-term psychologicaleffects may require counseling and support services.

78

Disruption of Basic Services: Cyclones can disrupt essential services such as power, watersupply, transportation, and communication networks. Power outages may occur due todamaged electrical infrastructure or precautionary shutdowns. Water supply systems may becompromised or contaminated. Damaged roads, bridges, and disrupted transportation
networks can hinder access to basic goods, services, and medical care. Communication
networks may be affected, making it challenging to coordinate emergency response efforts.
Socio-Economic Impact: Cyclones can have a significant socio-economic impact on affected
communities. The loss of homes, assets, and infrastructure can result in financial hardships.
Disruptions to agricultural activities, businesses, and livelihoods can lead to income loss andeconomic setbacks. The recovery process can be lengthy and costly, requiring support forreconstruction, job creation, and economic rehabilitation.
Health Risks and Disease Outbreaks: Cyclones can create health risks for affected
populations. Contaminated floodwaters can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases, suchas cholera and dysentery. Disruption of sanitation systems and limited access to clean watercan exacerbate health challenges. The displacement of populations and overcrowded living
conditions in temporary shelters can increase the risk of communicable diseases.
Community and Social Cohesion: Cyclones can impact community and social cohesion. The
destruction of homes and displacement of people can lead to the dispersal of communities andthe breakdown of social networks. The loss of community infrastructure and cultural heritage
can affect the sense of identity and cohesion within affected areas.
Mitigating the effects of cyclones on humans requires a comprehensive approach
involving preparedness, early warning systems, effective disaster management, and postdisaster support. It includes measures such as educating and raising awareness amongcommunities about cyclone risks, improving infrastructure resilience, providing timely andaccurate information, establishing evacuation plans, and ensuring access to essential services
and healthcare during and after cyclone events.
Cyclone Effect on Mental and Psychology on Human Being
Cyclones can have a significant impact on the mental and psychological well-being ofindividuals who experience or are affected by these extreme weather events. Here are somespecific effects of cyclones on mental health and psychology:
Trauma and Distress: Surviving a cyclone and witnessing the destruction and loss caused by
the storm can result in trauma and distress. Individuals may experience feelings of fear,
helplessness, and grief. The sudden disruption of normal life and the experience of being in alife-threatening situation can have long-lasting psychological effects.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Some individuals may develop post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD) following a cyclone. Symptoms of PTSD can include flashbacks,
nightmares, anxiety, hypervigilance, and avoidance of situations or triggers associated withthe traumatic event. PTSD can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and quality oflife.
Anxiety and Depression: Cyclones can contribute to the development or exacerbation ofanxiety and depression. The loss of homes, belongings, and loved ones, as well as theuncertainty about the future, can lead to increased levels of anxiety and depression among
affected individuals. Disruption of daily routines, financial difficulties, and social isolation canfurther contribute to these mental health conditions.

79Survivor's Guilt: Some individuals may experience survivor's guilt, which is a common
psychological response after a disaster. Survivors may feel guilty for having survived whileothers suffered losses or perished. This guilt can lead to feelings of self-blame, shame, anddifficulty in coping with the emotional aftermath of the cyclone.
Grief And Loss: Cyclones often result in the loss of loved ones, homes, belongings, andcommunities. The grieving process can be challenging and prolonged, as individuals mourntheir losses and try to come to terms with the emotional impact of the cyclone. The loss offamiliar environments and community connections can contribute to feelings of isolation andsadness.
Social Support and Community Cohesion: The mental health impact of cyclones can be
influenced by the availability of social support and community cohesion. Strong social support
networks, including family, friends, and community organizations, can help individuals copewith the psychological effects of the cyclone. Conversely, the breakdown of social networks
and community cohesion can hinder recovery and contribute to increased psychologicaldistress.
Resilience And Coping: While cyclones can have negative psychological effects, individuals
and communities can also demonstrate resilience and adaptive coping strategies. Resiliencerefers to the ability to recover and bounce back from adversity. Supportive relationships,
access to mental health services, and the development of effective coping skills can enhance
resilience and promote psychological well-being in the face of cyclones.
Addressing the mental health and psychological impact of cyclones requires acomprehensive approach. It includes providing access to mental health support and services,
promoting community resilience, fostering social support networks, and raising awarenessabout the psychological effects of cyclones. Incorporating mental health considerations into
disaster preparedness and response efforts is essential to ensure the well-being of individuals
and communities affected by cyclones.
Cyclone Effect of Urban Areas
Cyclones can have significant effects on urban areas, often amplifying the impact of the storm
due to the concentration of infrastructure and population. Here are some specific effects ofcyclones on urban areas:
Infrastructure Damage: The strong winds associated with cyclones can cause severe
damage to buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure in urban areas. High-risebuildings are particularly vulnerable to strong winds, and windows, roofs, and other structuralcomponents may be compromised. Infrastructure damage can disrupt essential services suchas power supply, water, and communication networks.
Flooding: Urban areas, especially those with inadequate drainage systems, can experiencesignificant flooding during cyclones. The combination of heavy rainfall and poor drainage
infrastructure can lead to waterlogging, inundation of streets, and even flooding of buildings.
Urban flooding can disrupt transportation, damage property, and pose health risks due tocontaminated water.
Storm Surge Impact: In coastal urban areas, the storm surge caused by cyclones can leadto severe flooding. Low-lying coastal regions, including urban areas near the coast, are at highrisk. Storm surge can cause widespread inundation, damage to buildings and infrastructure,and increase the risk of coastal erosion.
80Disruption of Services: Cyclones can disrupt essential services in urban areas, such as
power, water supply, and communication networks. Power outages can occur due to damaged
electrical infrastructure or precautionary shutdowns. Water supply systems may be affected
due to infrastructure damage or contamination. Communication networks, including mobile andinternet services, can be disrupted due to infrastructure damage or overloading.
Public Safety Risks: Cyclones can pose significant risks to public safety in urban areas. Flying
debris, falling trees, and collapsing structures can threaten human life and cause injuries. The
presence of damaged infrastructure and flood waters can also pose additional risks to personalsafety.
Economic Impact: Cyclones can have substantial economic impacts on urban areas. The
damage to infrastructure, loss of businesses, interruption of services, and the cost of recovery
and rebuilding can result in significant economic losses for cities and urban communities. The
recovery process may take a long time, affecting livelihoods and local economies.
Health Risks: Cyclones can create health risks in urban areas, especially in the aftermath of
the storm. The presence of stagnant water, increased humidity, and damaged sanitation
infrastructure can contribute to the spread of waterborne diseases, mosquito-borne illnesses,
and other health hazards. Disruption of healthcare services and limited access to medical
facilities can also pose challenges.
Cyclone Effect of Agriculture
Cyclones can have significant effects on agriculture, impacting crop production, livestock, andoverall agricultural systems. Here are some specific effects of cyclones on agriculture:
Crop Damage and Loss: Cyclones often bring strong winds, heavy rainfall, and flooding,which can damage or destroy crops. High winds can uproot or break plants, while excessive
rainfall can cause waterlogging and soil erosion. Flooding can lead to crop submergence andnutrient leaching, adversely affecting plant health and growth. Crop losses can result in
reduced yields and economic hardships for farmers.
Soil Erosion and Fertility Decline: The intense rainfall associated with cyclones can lead tosignificant soil erosion, particularly in hilly or sloped agricultural areas. Erosion removes
topsoil, which is rich in nutrients necessary for plant growth. Soil erosion can result in a decline
in soil fertility, making it challenging for farmers to grow crops in the aftermath of a cyclone.
Infrastructure Damage: Cyclones can cause damage to agricultural infrastructure, including
irrigation systems, storage facilities, greenhouses, and farm equipment. Infrastructure damage
can hamper agricultural operations, storage, and processing of crops, leading to additional
economic losses for farmers.
Livestock and Animal Health: Cyclones can pose risks to livestock and animal health.
Flooding can lead to the loss of grazing areas and shelter, causing stress and increasing thesusceptibility of animals to diseases. Access to animal feed and water can be disrupted,
affecting their health and productivity.
Post-Cyclone Diseases and Pests: The aftermath of a cyclone can create favorable
conditions for the spread of diseases and pests in agricultural systems. Standing water andincreased humidity can promote the growth of fungal and bacterial diseases, affecting crops
and livestock. Pests, such as insects and rodents, may proliferate in damaged or flooded
areas, posing further challenges to agriculture.

81

Disruption of Agricultural Activities: Cyclones can disrupt agricultural activities, including
planting, harvesting, and post-harvest processing. Farmers may face difficulties in accessing
their fields, transporting their produce, or coordinating labor during and after the cyclone. The
disruption of agricultural activities can lead to delays, crop losses, and financial setbacks forfarmers.
Economic Impact on Agriculture: Cyclones can have significant economic impacts on
agriculture and rural communities. The loss of crops, damage to infrastructure, and reduced
agricultural productivity can lead to financial hardships for farmers and agricultural-dependentcommunities. The recovery process can be costly and time-consuming, affecting livelihoods
and local economies.
Destruction of Infrastructure
Biparjoy Cyclone unleashed its fury on the coastal region, causing extensive damage to criticalinfrastructure. Buildings, roads, bridges, and power lines were severely affected, disrupting
transportation, communication, and basic services. The destruction of infrastructure not only
hampers immediate relief efforts but also poses long-term challenges for rehabilitation andreconstruction.
Loss of Lives and Displacement
Cyclones often result in tragic loss of human lives. The cyclone Biparjoy caused a significant
number of casualties, leaving families devastated and communities mourning. Additionally, thestorm forced thousands of people to evacuate their homes, leading to mass displacement andthe need for emergency shelters. Displaced individuals face challenges related to food, water,
sanitation, healthcare, and the restoration of their livelihoods.
Impact on Agriculture and Livelihoods
Coastal regions are often agriculturally rich, and cyclones like Biparjoy can have a devastating
impact on crops and livestock. The heavy rainfall, flooding, and salinization of fields candestroy harvests, resulting in food shortages and economic loss for farmers. The fishingindustry, a significant livelihood source for coastal communities, also suffers as cyclones
disrupt marine ecosystems and damage fishing infrastructure.
Economic Loss and Poverty
The socio-economic impact of cyclones is felt beyond the immediate aftermath. The
destruction of infrastructure and loss of livelihoods lead to a decline in economic activity, withbusinesses and industries being disrupted or completely wiped out. The resulting economic
loss exacerbates poverty, as affected individuals and communities struggle to recover andrebuild their lives. It often takes years for the affected regions to regain their pre-cyclone
economic stability.
Environmental Consequences
Cyclones have profound environmental consequences. The cyclone Biparjoy, with its strong
winds and storm surges, caused significant coastal erosion and damage to fragile ecosystems.
Mangroves, which act as natural barriers against storms, were severely affected. This not only
increases vulnerability to future cyclones but also has long-term ecological implications,
including the loss of biodiversity and habitat destruction.
Safety Ourselves from Cyclone
When faced with the threat of a cyclone, it is essential to prioritize your safety and takeappropriate actions to protect yourself. Here are some important measures to consider:82

Stay Informed: Stay updated on weather forecasts and warnings issued by local
meteorological agencies. Pay attention to official announcements and follow instructions fromlocal authorities regarding evacuation orders, shelter locations, and safety procedures.
Evacuate: If you are in a coastal or low-lying area prone to storm surge or flooding, it may benecessary to evacuate to a safer location. Follow evacuation orders and move to designatedshelters or higher ground as advised by local authorities. Plan your evacuation route inadvance and ensure you have necessary supplies and a communication plan with family
members.
Secure Property: If you are unable to evacuate, take measures to secure your property. Board
up windows, reinforce doors, and secure outdoor objects that could become projectiles in highwinds. Clear your surroundings of loose items that could be blown around and cause damage
or injury.
Stock up on Supplies: Prior to the cyclone, gather essential supplies such as non-perishable
food, water, medications, flashlights, batteries, and a portable battery-powered radio. Haveenough supplies to last several days in case of power outages or limited access to services.
Emergency Kit: Prepare an emergency kit that includes first aid supplies, a basic toolkit, extra
clothing, personal hygiene items, and important documents like identification, insurance
papers, and emergency contacts. Keep the kit in a readily accessible place.
Take Shelter: During the cyclone, stay indoors and away from windows. Seek shelter in asmall, windowless interior room on the lowest level of your home. If you are in a high-risebuilding, move to a lower level, as higher floors are more susceptible to strong winds.
Avoid Flood-Prone Areas: Avoid areas prone to flooding, such as rivers, streams, and lowlying regions. Do not attempt to cross flooded roads or bridges, as the water may be deeper
and swifter than it appears. Moving water can be extremely dangerous.
Maintain Communication: Keep your mobile phone fully charged and have a backup powersource, such as a portable charger. Limit non-essential phone calls to conserve battery life,
but stay connected to receive updates and reach out for help if needed.
Post Cyclone: After the cyclone passes, exercise caution when venturing outside. Watch out
for downed power lines, weakened structures, and debris. Be mindful of the potential forsecondary hazards like landslides, flooding, or disease outbreaks.
Atmospheric Circulation: Cyclones are part of the Earth's atmospheric circulation system.
They play a role in redistributing heat energy from the tropics toward higher latitudes. The
intense winds and low-pressure systems associated with cyclones help in the transport of heat,moisture, and momentum within the atmosphere.
Oceanic Impacts: Cyclones can have consequences for the oceanic environment. They cancause upwelling of cold water from deeper ocean layers to the surface, influencing sea surface
temperatures and affecting marine ecosystems. Cyclones can also stir up sediment andnutrients, impacting marine life and ocean currents.
Carbon Cycle: The impacts of cyclones on the carbon cycle are complex. On one hand,
cyclones can cause the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases storedin vegetation and soil due to uprooted trees and disrupted ecosystems. On the other hand,
cyclones can stimulate vegetation growth in the aftermath, leading to increased carbon uptake
through photosynthesis.
83Regional Climate Variability: Cyclones can contribute to regional climate variability by
influencing atmospheric and oceanic patterns. Their occurrence and intensity can affect the
distribution of atmospheric pressure, wind patterns, and sea surface temperatures in thesurrounding areas. These factors can have broader implications for climate patterns andweather systems on a larger scale.
Conclusion
The socio-economic impact of cyclones like Biparjoy is profound and long-lasting. Beyond theimmediate destruction and loss of lives, these natural disasters disrupt infrastructure,devastate livelihoods, exacerbate poverty, and damage the environment. It is essential forgovernments, organizations, and communities to come together to provide immediate relief,
support long-term recovery, and build resilience against future cyclones. By implementing
comprehensive strategies that focus on infrastructure rebuilding, livelihood diversification, andenvironmental conservation, we can mitigate the socio-economic impact of cyclones andensure the well-being of affected communities in the face of such natural disasters. By
investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, implementing early warning systems, andpromoting sustainable practices, we can mitigate the impact of cyclones and enhance theresilience of affected communities. Collaboration between governments, organizations, andcommunities is essential to facilitate the recovery process, provide support to affectedindividuals, and foster long-term socio-economic stability.
References
1. https://mausam.imd.gov.in/Forecast/marquee_data/73.%20National%20Bulletin%202023
0615_0300.pdf.
2. Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm “BIPARJOY” over the ARABIAN Sea (6th -19th June,2023) A Report, Cyclone Warning Division India Meteorological Department, New Delhi,
June 2023
3. Nanda Prabhakar (2021) Socio Economic Impact of Cyclone and Other Climate Induced
Natural Disasters- Some Case Studies, Directorate of Water Management (ICAR),
Bhubaneswar.
4. Rizwana Subhani and Mokbul Morshed Ahmad (2019) Socio-Economic Impacts of
Cyclone Aila on Migrant and Non-Migrant Households in the Southwestern Coastal Areasof Bangladesh, Geosciences 2019, 9, 482; doi:10.3390/geosciences9110482.
5. IPCC (2014) Impacts Adaptation, and Vulnerability; Report of Working Groups II of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; IPCC: Geneva, Switzerland.
6. Lenzen, M., Malik, A., Kenway, S., Daniels, P., Lam, K. L., and Geschke (2019) A.:
Economic damage and spillovers from a tropical cyclone, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.,
19, 137–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-137-2019.
7. https://www.cyclocane.com/
8. https://public.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/focus-areas/natural-hazards-and-disaster-riskreduction/tropical-cyclones.
9. Deshpande, M., et al. (2021) Changing status of tropical cyclones over the north Indian
Ocean. Climate Dynamics, 57, 3545-3567.
10. NASA Earthdata (2023) Tropical Cyclones Data Pathfinder. Accessed June 27, 2023.
11. https://aninews.in/84