newsletter
newsletter
Vol 2002 / 3
September 5, 2002

E UROPEAN F USION DEVELOPEMENT AGREEMENT

News
Issued by the EFDA
Close Support Unit
Garching

Content

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Tore Supra: New"CIEL" Plasma Facing
Components
page 2/3
Women in Science II:
Interview with Prof. Dr.
Sibylle Günter
page 4
Scientific Publishing in
the Internet Era
page 5
JET: 2002 Restart andCampaign 5
Belgian Minister of
Science visits JET
page 6
ITER: 2002 Fusion
Summer Study in
Snowmass
page 7
Wendelstein 7-AS closed

http://www.efda.org

Fourth ITER Negotiations Meeting: New Site Offers by the EU and JapanOn June 6, delegations from Canada, the European Union (EU), Japan and theRussian Federation made significant progress towards the preparation of an agreement
for the joint implementation of the ITER project at their Negotiations meeting hosted by
the EU in Cadarache (France). Notable events at this fourth Negotiations meeting were
the submission of official proposals to host the project by the European Union - at sites
in Cadarache and Vandellós (Spain) - and by Japan at Rokkasho-mura in the Aomori
Prefecture. These new site offers join an existing host proposal by Canada, presented
in Moscow on June 7, 2001. At the conclusion of the meeting, the Delegations agreed thatthe site offers and the negotiating mandates of the EU and Japan represent substantial progress on issues critical to the successful implementation of the ITER project. The next meeting of the Negotiators will be held in Toronto (Canada) on September 17-18, 2002.
For the full text of this press release, please see our website: http://www.efda.org
For further information on Rokkasho-mura see: http://web.gat.com/iter-ga/images/pdfs/iter-japan.pdf

Commissioner Busquin hopes to see ITER built in Europe"It would be very good if ITER was built in Europe and I am glad to see that two
Member States, France and Spain, have asked to host this facility. I hope the US will
join the consortium again and help us to develop this promising technology."
Philippe Busquin, EU Commissioner for Research
You can find the full speech on our website: http://www.efda.org

World Record Plasma Discharge in TORE SUPRA
On July 30th 2002, the engineers and scientists of the Association Euratom-CEA in
Cadarache (France) have achieved a three and a half minutes long plasma discharge
on Tore Supra, sustained by 3MW of current drive power, thus requiring to exhaust
more than 600MJ of thermal energy during the experiment. It establishes a new world
record in this domain after the 280MJ discharges of 1996. Prior to the record discharge, a number of long pulse shots have been achieved, demonstrating the capability ofTore Supra to run long pulses on a regular basis.
You can find the full text of the Press Release on our website: http://www.efda.org

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 2Tore Supra
Tore Supra

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High Magnetic field: 4T
superconducting toroidal field coils cooled bysuper-fluid helium at atemperature of 1.8K
1988 to 1999: study ofphysics and technology
of a hot core plasma in
steady-state conditions- an essential item towards a reactor.
Optimisation andsustainment of the plasma current and pressure distributions overlong times are achievedby means of strong HF
power at frequencies
absorbed by the plasma: "lower hybrid resonance" at 3.7GHz.
(6MW of microwave
power) and "ion cyclotron resonance" at
42-63MHz (9MW ofradio-frequency power).

For more information onTore Supra see:
http://www-rfc.cea.fr/index.html

The New CIEL Plasma Facing Components: a Major Step towards SteadyState, High Power Operation
The main magnetic fusion research activities of the French-Euratom Association takeplace in the "Department of Controlled Fusion Research" (DRFC), at the CEA Cadarachesite in Provence. The flagship of the DRFC programme is the Tore Supra tokamak. Its mainrole is the investigation of steady-state operation and the associated consequences inmaintaining a continuous magnetic field.
Power leaving the plasma must be extracted continuously, which means tackling the
problem of plasma facing surfaces subject to a permanent bombardement of particles andradiation. For continuous power exhaust, it is necessary to simultaneously control the convective power deposition on the components facing the plasma and the flow of radiatedpower to all the internal components in direct line of sight of the plasma. Studies of long
duration plasma discharges between 1988 and 1999 showed that the power exhaust capacity of the first generation of actively cooled plasma facing components was marginal for
attaining steady-state operation. Therefore, all the internal components in Tore Supra were
upgraded, within the framework of the CIEL (acronym in French for "Internal Components
And Limiter") project, with the objective of giving Tore Supra the capacity to control, in
steady state, the injected power (up to 15MW of convected power with a maximum flux of
10MW/m2, and 10MW of radiated power with a flux of 1MW/m2, continuously). The design,
done in 1992, was aimed at simplifying the manufacturing processes and a series of mockups were realised and tested before the elements could be ordered in 1997, after the project obtained preferential support by the EU Commission in 1996.
TPL - main component of the CIEL project
The TPL (Toroidal Pump Limiter) has the form of a flat ring of 5m diameter and 0.5m
width. In order to extract the particles escaping the plasma, twelve throat-shaped "neutralisers" are located at one of the edges of the ring, under the limiter, each of which is connected to a turbo-molecular pump. The TPL consists of 576 "fingers" ("aiguilles" in French),each clad with carbon fibre tiles bonded to a copper structure that is actively cooled by pressurised water (30 bars) at high temperature (150°C), one centimetre away from the plasma
surface. The fabrication byindustry of these "fingers" wasparticularlycomplex(see
Black:
carbon composite fibres
Orange: copper
explodedview,
presented
Yellow:
alloy Cu Cr Zr
below); especially the bonding
Green:
nickelBlue:
stainless steelof the carbon composite fibre to
the water-cooled copper base. It
incorporates a proprietaryprocess patented by our supplier, the Austrian company
Plansee. The process is basedon the engraving of tiny cavities
into carbon using a laser, andsubsequently impregnating thesurface with liquid copper. The
solidified 2mm layer of copper isthen welded, using an electron
beam, to the hardened copperalloy base (copper-chromiumzirconium).

page 3

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

Acceptance criteria reachedThis assembly requires a very high degree of quality control to achieve perfect cohesion. The quality of thermal transfer between the surface of the plasma-facing composite
and cooling water circulating in the finger is a major criterion of acceptance, for which a dedicated test station was developed at the DRFC. The first batch of fingers received in France
had excellent quality (a little more than 10% rejection). However this performance did not
last, with a rejection rate jumping up to 50% in the following batches. The cause of this highrejection rate, which is not yet completely understood, seems to be related to the sensitivity of the manufacturing procedures to slight modifications during production of successive
series. The carbon-carbon composite, a complex production from the SNECMA company,
proved to exhibit variations of its mechanical characteristics from one batch to the other.
Fortunately, the development of a reliable repair process of the fingers made it possible toreach the acceptance criteria, at the price of many peregrinations (equally for the fingers as forthe engineers) between France, Austria and Germany!
Difficult manufacturing process
The complicated manufacture of the fingers involved many other "delicate" procedures;such as the drilling of the water conduits through forty centimetres, for the welding of the"stoppers", or the "heterogeneous" joint between the copper-alloy and the stainless-steel
pipe-work. The result was that the original fabrication and delivery targets of 630 fingers in
two years slipped to completedelivery in 4 years. However
this delay was not all bad. It
resulted in a much better
understanding of the mechanisms and procedures ofindustrial production of such acomponent which will be
invaluable in the developmentof the next step fusion device.
Today the TPL of Tore Suprais the only example in theworld of a several squaremetre structure allowing continuous power extraction in
the range of a reactor heat load. Other less critical components around the plasma first wall
are also actively cooled but made with a less complex technology: stainless panels to collect
the radiation of plasma and guard-limiters for transient heat loads or localised particle losses.
Towards steady-state high power plasma discharge
The inconvenience of using the temporary assembly in 2001 (compromising only threesectors of TPL) was largely compensated for by the satisfaction of developing very powerful techniques for testing and qualification of the components and to have been able to preserve a contact with the industrialist which was more of a partnership than that of the conventional customer-supplier relationship. It is of considerable significance that high heat
flux components remain one of the major challenges for the success of thermonuclear controlled fusion and in particular of ITER. In 2002, after the completion of all the CIEL components, the main priority of the Tore Supra experimental programme will be the realisationof a steady-state, high power plasma discharge with an injected/extracted energy in the
gigajoule range by injecting, for example, 3MW of RF power for more than 300 seconds. A
new world record of 210 seconds with more than 600MJ of thermal energy was alreadyachieved at the end of July.

In addition to the installation of the CIEL components, the 2000-2002 ToreSupra shut-down provided the opportunity for a
substantial upgrade of theplasma diagnostics. The
installation of the CIEL
components had consequences, not only on theposition of these diagnostics, of which some were
obscured by the new CIEL
components, but also on
their own heat capacities.
After a planned shutdown of 21 months, ToreSupra restarted in
September 2001 with areduced set of three LPT
sectors (out of twelve)
installed. The first results
were not long in coming,in spite of the reduced setof limiter sectors. A powerof 5 MW (2.5 MW/m2 on
the LPT) could be injectedwith a surface temperatureof the tiles lower than
400°C (value envisaged by
the codes), without difficulty.
Today the interior "facelift" of Tore Supra iscomplete. As it can beseen in the figure, all thecomponents of the CIEL
project are now installed.
The vessel was pumpeddown in mid-April 2002.
The first plasma has beenachieved at the beginningof June.
The new record was

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 4

Women in Science II
The percentage of womenin Europe tenured as full
professors is very low,
ranging in 2000 from 5%in the Netherlands to 18%
in Finland. In natural sciences, technology andengineering these percentages are even lower.
For example, in engineering the figures vary in theyear 2000 from 4.6% in
Italy to 2.1% in the UK.
According to several studies most women are lostto science at the postdoctoral level, where thecareer path begins,because they feel discriminated against by theirmale colleagues or
because of family responsibilities.

Growing Influence on High Level: Women between Career and Family
EFDA Newsletter (E.N.):
Congratulations! You are one of only on average 10% of women in top positions in
Europe’s scientific system. Did you have any problems to get your C3-position in1998 because of being female?
Sibylle Günter (S.G.):
Concerning the job, I had no problems at all. The main difference between a man
and me in research is that I’m a mother. I had to do childcare and I was glad tohave the support of my parents, who helped me to solve this problem. But it was a
nice problem indeed …
E.N.: Starting in 2000 then you were the youngest director and scientific member ever at
the Max-Planck-Institute. Were you treated equally by your colleagues when you got
this position?
S.G.: Yes, of course. I think that things wouldn’t be necessarily easier with a lot of women
here. We are four young directors - aged close to forty - and the other directors are
aged above 55, but we got along well with each other. When you start, you have tolearn a lot anyway - there was nothing special about me being a woman.
E.N.: So, up to now, you have never experienced a strange situation concerning genderequality?
S.G.: Ok, there was one scene at the very beginning of my career when I applied for apermanent position and was clearly rejected because I was a woman. But fortunately there are just a few male professors, who clearly tell you: ‘In my opinion womenare not able to do science.’
E.N.: In spite of caring for your daughter, you spend as much time on your job as a man
now. If you think about your salary statement, would you prefer to be a man?
S.G.: No - I get the same salary as a man. This might be different in industry, but in the
Max-Planck-Society there is simply a kind of ranking and once you have achieved a
C3-position you get a fixed salary.
E.N.: Children and family responsibilities have very often a negative impact on a woman’s
career in academic science. What is your experience as a mother?

In our interview Prof. Dr.
Sibylle Günter (38), whois the Head of theTokamak Physics Division
and a member of theboard of directors at MaxPlanck-Institute for
Plasma Physics in
Garching (Germany),encourages young women
to withstand the pressure
on career and family - it’sworth it.

S.G.: My boss was happy for me when he heard that I was pregnant. But a child needs
care and you don’t have this time for your career. When my daughter was born, I
stayed at home for about one year and then started again with science. I went
home early in the afternoon and went back to work late at night. In 1994 I had to go
to the US for five months and I left my daughter behind with her father and my parents. This was certainly hard and I would never do it again.
E.N.: What kind of support did you get from your colleagues?
S.G.: Well, for example, when I was staying at home with my little daughter, my supervisor came to my home and we worked together in the evenings. This helped me tostay in the scientific process. But nowadays, also men start to take over much more
responsibilities for their children. So the problem of reconsidering family and job will
become important for both - men and women - and therefore will be handled much
more straightforwardly in future. But generally any kind of support should be in sucha way that you are able to fulfill the same requirements as a man, not just get ahigher position because of being a woman.
E.N.: What would be the most important advice that you would give to your daughter
Stefanie if she wants to become a researcher in a leading position like you?

Find a short CV of
Sibylle Günter and more
information on our website:

S.G.: To think carefully about if she really wants to do both - a good job at home and atwork. She should be aware of the fact that the time that you have for your family islimited. But I would certainly support her in the same way my parents supported me.

http://www.efda.org

Interview: DLpage 5EFDA Fusion Newsletter

Fusion & Publications
Fusion Research and Scientific Publications in the Internet Era
A commentary from Dr. Alberto Loarte (EFDA Garching, Germany, Divertor Physics Division)
Publication of results is a key activity in scientific research. The publication record of ascientist or institution is frequently used to evaluate their contributions to their field both byother scientists and, more importantly, by the governmental and private institutions, whichfund their research.

Advantages of an internet
pre-print archive in conjunction with the traditional
publication in scientificjournals:.

Many aspects of the publication of research papers have been greatly improved by theeasier access to fast internet connections and the adoption of widespread standards forelectronic documents. However, other aspects of this activity seem to be suffering fromthese changes. Scientific journals are under pressure to publish quickly, to bring the newest
results to the attention of the widest research audience and that can easily lead to a deterioration of standards in the refereeing process. So nowadays, reputable journals often
accept relatively mediocre or incorrect articles, which would not have survived the refereeing process just a decade ago.

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Due to the link between number of published papers and research funding or careerdevelopment, the results of a research project are frequently divided and published in subsequent separate papers. This over-abundance of reporting very similar results should be,of course, controlled by the peer-review system. Pressure from the editors, in order to maintain a reasonable turn-around time in the refereeing process, and the increasing numbersof references to be checked by the referees, whose work is not publicly acknowledged dueto the obvious anonymity requirements, makes this a very difficult task.

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Scientific publishing seems to be at a stage now where changes should be considered
to take advantage of the possibilities offered by the internet. At the same time, the high levels of scientific standards which have been (and usually still are) the norm in the scientificpublications on fusion research need to be preserved. The way forward could well be a similar scheme to that followed by other groups of scientists who are involved in activities withworldwide collaborations, such as high-energy physics. The path followed by them has
been the use of a publicly accessible database of electronic pre-prints (e.g.
http://www.lanl.gov, maintained by the Los Álamos National Laboratory in the USA) which
serves as a central archive of all research publications in their field. This archive has several sub-sections, with one already on plasma physics (dominated by non-fusion orientatedplasma physics). An improved system along those lines could be set up (it is already partially set-up with the JET pin-board web-page system) for worldwide fusion research activities or, at least, for the European ones. The basic system would be a web-page where
papers can be submitted (after clearance by the fusion research institutes) in a standard format (pdf) to various subsections of the fusion research pre-print archive. A discussion board
could be allocated to every submitted pre-print so that other researchers can express theiropinion/questions about the results contained in the paper. Obviously, such a discussion
board system can easily be subject to abuse and it may be necessary to control it, if too
many users do not behave in a civilized manner. If copyright with particular journals
becomes an issue once the paper is published, the link in the archive to the pre-print andthe pre-print discussion board would be replaced by the link to the corresponding journal
article. This would only be accessible to the institutions, which subscribe to the journal inquestion.
There are easy ways to publicly acknowledge the work of the referees, which can be
implemented readily by the journals, and imply no risk to the anonymity of the refereeing
process. A very simple option is to publish in the journal, at the end of every year, a list of
all the referees that have provided advice to the journal and the number of papers that they
have evaluated in the course of the year. This public recognition of the refereeing work islong overdue and, if implemented, could also form part of the researcher’s record of scientific activities.

.

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standard pre-print number and submission
date are available toauthors, which serves
as record of their contribution
authors can obtain a
pre-submission peerreview of their work if
they wish
scientists are provided
with an up to date andcentralized database of
research advances intheir field
information (criticisms
and answers) in the discussion board would beavailable to all thefusion researchers andalso to the referees
even if a paper is not
finally published, its
contents will be available to other fusion researchers, which canacknowledge the contributions of such a preprint in their publications.

You would like to get
more information on scientific publishing in theInternet? Please find interesting links to several scientific publishers on:
http://www.efda.org> EFDA ForumEFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 6

JET

2002 JET Restart and Campaign 5: No Spurt but Hurdles

Octant 8 Neutral Beam
Injection (NBI) system:
The JET torus is divided
into 8 sectors. Three ofthem are equipped with a
NBI system injecting
beams of fast neutral particles, which become ionised in the plasma andheat it as they slow down.
S/T (Science andTechnology) programme:
The experimental programme on the JET facilities since 1 January 2000
has been organised andconducted by S/T task forces comprising staff fromthe European fusion
Associations.

After the 2001 shutdown the restart activity commenced as planned on November 26th with thetorus pump down. In January and February 2002 a series of problems with leaking vacuum windows,
faults in the cryogenic plant, and a water leak from a window on the Lower Hybrid System delayed therestart activities by a total of two weeks.
Following these delays, the start of EFDA experimental campaign C5 was moved to 18th March toallow the key systems to be commissioned. However, problems with the power supplies of Octant 8
Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) system delayed the availability of this system until the end of April.
Campaign C5 started on 18th March and finished on 31st May with a total of 101 experimental sessions planned and the participation of 200 scientists from 15 Associations. There was good progresswith many aspects of the S/T programme, but various technical problems occurred during the campaign. This resulted in 21 sessions lost due to problems with various systems: failure of the baking plant
control system; investigation of a suspected air leak (which turned out to be a false alarm); investigation of a suspected in-vessel water leak arising from the connection of an un-pumped volume to thetorus; failure of a fan on the Poloidal Field (PF) flywheel generator; and problems with the Toroidal
Field (TF) cooling circuit.
There were also constraints on the S/T programmes arising from the delayed availability and reduced power from the Octant 8 NBI system. This required significant reshuffling of the programme.
Consequently, some experiments originally planned for C5 will not be completed until C7.
An analysis of the events and the relevant causes has been done by the operator and Culham
CSU. Corrective actions have been defined. The urgent actions are being addressed in the August
restart and campaign C6. The implementation of the full corrective plan is under discussion.
Although C5 was a difficult campaign, a number of interesting experimental results were obtained.
The removal of the septum has increased the flexibility in terms of plasma shape. In ELMy H-mode
plasmas there is preliminary evidence of higher confinement in the preparation of high current discharges; of mixed Type I-II ELMs in near double null configuration; and of reduction of target plate temperatures with Ar seeding. Diagnostic optimised configurations have been developed, with resolved pedestal and edge gradients. Electron heat modulation experiments using ICRF mode conversion in L modeindicate stiffness of electron profiles. The existence of a Neutral Point for density limit disruptions in JET
was demonstrated and modelled: this has useful applications for disruption amelioration. Active control ofadvanced tokamak scenarios has been demonstrated with real time control of the plasma current profile.
ITBs were obtained with the ITER shape. Pellets injected after the prelude phase lead to high density ITBs,
with Te~Ti. Promising high current experiments were started by producing ITBs with 3.5 MA and 3.45 T.

Belgian Minister of Science visited Culham
François-Xavier de Donnea, Belgian Minister of Science, visited Culham on
May 7, accompanied by Professor Paul Vandenplas (Head of Euratom-BelgianState Association), Belgian journalists and a film crew. He had briefings from
Derek Robinson, Head of the Research Unit of the Euratom/UKAEA Fusion
Association and from Jérôme Paméla (EFDA Associate Leader for JET ) on therole of JET as a rehearsal for ITER operation. He toured the JET facilities and the
MAST experiment and also visited the Culham Innovation Centre as part of his
briefing on fusion’s outreach to industry.

page 7

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

ITER
Snow what?

Successful meeting of US Fusion Experts in Snowmass, Colorado
Grounded in continuous progress, the world is now at a major decision point how to go
forward with the exploration of a burning plasma, dominated by the self-heating from thefusion reactions.
The ITER participating countries have already since a long time, chosen ITER as theirpreferred approach. The US instead has been debating since 1999 which way to go. Mid
July, for two weeks, the US Fusion community gathered in Snowmass, Co., to take a majordecision about which burning plasma experiment to support. This place has been traditionally used by scientists from other fields to recess for an in-depth discussion of long-term
programmatic issues. The combination of healthy mountain air and seclusion has been
observed to foster a spirit of togetherness and optimism, and this effect seems to have worked once again! The major conclusions, which were developed by the participants during
the 2002 Fusion Summer meeting are summarized below.
The study of burning plasmas, in which self-heating from fusion reaction dominates
plasma behavior, is at the frontier of magnetic fusion energy science. The next major stepin magnetic fusion research should be a burning plasma programme, which is essential to
the science focus and energy goal of fusion research.
The three experiments proposed to achieve burning plasma operation range from compact, high field, copper magnet devices to a reactor-scale superconducting-magnet device.
These approaches address a spectrum of both physics and fusion technology issues, andvary widely in overall mission, schedule and cost.
The contribution from IGNITOR, FIRE and ITER , the three candidate machines would
differ considerably.
There is confidence that both ITER and FIRE will achieve burning plasma performancein H-mode based on an extensive experimental data base. The capabilities of IGNITOR,
instead, remain an unresolved issue between the assessors and the IGNITOR team.
The results of the meeting, as analysed from a European point of view, were very positive. At the end of the meeting there was great enthusiasm among the community present
to re-join the ITER process as a full partner. The output of this meeting will be the basis fora proposal to the US President to be prepared by FESAC (Fusion Energy Science Advisory
Committee) at its meeting on September, 11.

New Websites on ITER
The EFDA Technical Working Group (European ITER Site Study group: EISS Group)
has been established to prepare the technical basis for European ITER site proposals. Now
you can find the EISS studies on our website:
http:///www.efda.org > Europe for ITER > EISSNew information on Cadarache as a candidate ITER Site is available by the end of August on
http://www.itercad.org
On http://www-fusion.ciemat.es/fusion/iter/ITER-eng.html Euratom-Association CIEMAT
presents Vandellós, the European Site proposed by Spain to host ITER.

The participants of the2002 Fusion Summer
Study in Snowmass(Colorado) reached major
conclusions regarding theapproach that the US
should pursue to explore
in the field of burning
plasmas. These conclusions were based on analysis led by over 40 convenors working with hundreds of members of thefusion community extending over 8 months. Thiseffort culminated in two
weeks of intense discussion by over 250 US and
30 foreign fusion physicists and engineers present at the 2002 Fusion
Summer Study.

For more information
please see:
http://web.gat.com/snowmass/

The next FESAC Burning
Plasma Strategy Panel
Meeting has taken place
on August 6-8, 2002 in
Austin, Texas.

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 8

IPP & EPSFirst “Advanced Stellarator” at Garching (Germany) closed
On July 31, 2002, at 6.25 p.m. the last experiment was run in the Wendelstein 7-AS
stellarator at the Max Planck Institute for Plasmaphysics in Garching (IPP), Germany.
The device was closed after 14 years of successful work as the first machine ofthe“Advanced stellarator” generation. The resources and personnel are now transferred
Fusion goes Switzerland: 29th European Physical Society Conference in Montreux
The 29th European Physical Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
was held at the Centre de Congrès in Montreux, Switzerland from 17 to 21 June 2002.
It was organized by the Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas of the Ecole
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, under the chairmanship of Dr. J. Lister, and held
under the auspices of the Plasma Physics Division of the European Physical Society(EPS). The scientific programme was the responsibility of the International ProgrammeCommittee under the chairmanship of Prof. C. Varandas of Instituto Superior Tecnico(IST), Lisbon.
In alternate years the conference encompasses virtually the entire spectrum of activities in plasma physics topics in addition to controlled fusion research. The breadth ofthe main conference programme and the additional specialist sessions reflects theintention of the board of the
Plasma Physics Division of the
EPS to enlarge the scope of theconference with the aim of integrating all fields of plasma physics.
Within the main conference
programme, the delegates listened
to 30 plenary invited talks and 36
contributed oral presentations andhad the opportunity, stamina permitting, to see almost 500 poster
presentations during the week. A
particular highlight of the meeting
was the award of the Hannes
Prof. M. Rosenbluth (left) and Prof. C. Varandas (right)
Alfvén Prize to Prof. Marshall
Rosenbluth of University of California at San Diego in recognition of his distinguishedachievements in plasma physics. In addition to the scientific programme a comprehensive social programme allowed the participants’ partners to enjoy the many attractions
in Montreux and in the surrounding Alps. An evening cruise on Lake Geneva also allowed the participants and their partners the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful countryside encircling the lake, to meet many old friends and to mix with colleagues from themany fields of plasma physics represented at the meeting.

EFDA Close Support Unit - Garching
Boltzmannstr. 2
D-85748 Garching / Munich - Germany
phone: +49-89-3299-4237
fax: +49-89-3299-4197
e-mail: federico.casci@efda.org
editors: Federico Casci, Doris Lanzinger
graphic design: Karen Jens

You can find more
information on
Wendelstein 7-AS in
EFDA-Newsletter Vol.3 /December 2001 on our
EFDA website:
http://www.efda.org

For more information on
IPP Greifswald andWendelstein 7-X see:
http://www.ipp.mpg.de/eng/pr/
institut/pr_inst_standort.html

Topics of the Conference:..
..

Basic plasma physics
Astrophysical / geophysical plasmas
Plasma applications
Magnetic and inertial
confinement fusion

For more informationsee:

For more information
see our EFDA website:
http://www.efda.org

and additionally
http://www.jet.efda.org
http://www.iter.org© K.Lackner (EFDA Leader) 2002.
This internal newsletter or parts of it may not be reproduced without permission. Text,
pictures and layout, except where noted, courtesy of the EFDA Parties.
Courtesy of texts: page 2/3: Grosman/van Houtte (CEA), page 5: Loarte (EFDA
Garching). Courtesy of picture: page 7: General Atomics.
The EFDA Parties are the European Commission and the Associates of the European
Fusion Programme which is co-ordinated and managed by the Commission.
Neither the Commission, the Associates nor anyone acting on their behalf is responsible for any damage resulting from the use of information contained in this publication.