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Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

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Palaeontological Society of japan
Apri I 1, l95!l

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Pages

352. On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai; Part 13, On
Pecten (Palinopecten) paraplebejus No~IURA and IIATAI. ....................... .
... ..... ..... ......... .. . . . ... ... ... . .. ... ......... .. . . .. ... ... .... .. . ..... ...... ... K6ichiro MAsuoA
353. Patinopecten imamumi l\IAsuoA, n. sp. from Shimane Prefecture, Japan ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K6ichir6 l'vlAsuoA:i54. Fossil Molluscan fauna from the Environs of Zenkoji !lot-Spring. Nagano
Prefecture .................................... Saburo KANNo and Tsuneo Tm.HzAw A
355. Plicatounio of the 'vV'akino formation (Studies on the Molluscan fauna of
the Cretaceous lnkstonc Series. Part 1)........................... Yoshihisa 0TA
356. A Pleistocene Marine Fauna from near the Cities of Tsu and Yokkaichi,!\fie Prefecture. Southwest Japan ..................................... Yoshio ARAKI357. Trigoniidae. Ostreidae, Bake\'elliidae, Pteriidae, Cardiidae and Astartidae
from the Upper jurassic Sakamoto Formation in Central Kyiishu,
Japan ............................................................................ 1\linoru TAMUJ~A
358. On some Carboniferous Corals from the Kitakami Mountains .......... : .... .
. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l\lakoto KATo
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESSA Problem on the c;eological Range and Geographical Distribution of
Desmostylids. . ....................................................................... Hisakatsu YAnE
PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .

1
7

9
15

19

23
33

44
51

Honorary President: llisakalsu YABE
President: Teiich i KonAv Asm
Councillors:

Kiyoshi AsANo, Riuji ENoo (Publication), Seido ENoo, Haruyoshi Fuw

MoTo (Treasurer). Shoshiro HANzAwA, Kotora liATAt, lchiro HAvAsAKA, Kazuo
HuztoKA, Nobuo I"Eim, Jiro MAKIVAl'.tA, Tatsuro MATsuMoTo, l'vtasao MINATO,
Tokio SmKAMA ((;eneral Affairs), Fuyuji TAKA! (Editor), Ryuzo ToRIYAMA
Secretary: Tetsuro HAN At
Assistant Secretary: Takco lcmKAw A

All Communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAJ.'l"
Geological Institute, faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. japan. N. S., No. 33, pp. I-G. pl. I, April I, 1959

:1:}2.

ON THE l\IIOCENE PECTINIDAE FROM THE ENVIRONS OF
SB:NDAI; PART 1:3, ON PECTEN (PATINOPECTEN)

PARAPLEBE]US NOMURA AND HATAI*KOICHIRO l'vfASUDA
Department of Geology, Faculty of Education, Tohoku University
fllltll!fJcrrfrfiT*fer:f,; Pectinidac; ":0:> 13, Pecten (Patinopeclen) parap/r.be}us NoMURA
and HATAI IC:"?~ '"'C: Palinopecten parap/e/Jejus (NoMURA and HAT AI) ~JI}iE~L-.
'1.!1<= "Co:>lm~J\ c:lti!N"f!fW..cfiill\1<: --:>t '"'Cfm IJI.IC:.~......:t.: o ~Jii::lti!/!liJ:Jmfi L- "'Ct ''..: t ':Wii't't' t.
,H\'20)111! -z o:>\2'h'J:~mr 'i> Tic L- -c. :lti!lftlffiilqf!rjrz:l3-;t:tt -ct' ~c. t t~:ib ~.c. t -i>mmL- t.:Q
mm:r-n~Introduction and Acknowledgements

Pecten (PalinoPeclen) parap!ebejus. firstdescribed by S. NoMuRA and K. HATAI(1936) from the Miocene Tanagura formation at Okada. Tanagura-machi. lligashiShirakawa·gun. Fukushima Prefecture,
was reported by them in the following
year (1937) from the 1\liocene Nanakita
formation at 1\Iatsumori. Izumi-machi.
Miyagi-gun, l'vliyagi Prefecture. In thesame year. S. NoMURA and N. ZrNBo
reported it from the Ginzan formationnear the Hot Spring, Obanazawa-machi,
Kita-Murayama·gun, Yamagata Prefecture. In 1954, T. SmKAMA figured but
without description, this species from
the Miocene Awano formation of the
Tomikusa group at Konakao. Oshimojyomura. Shimo-Ina-gun. Nagano Prefecture.
However. T. Snii<AMA figured a specimen
referable to Palinopecten yamasallii (Yo·
KOYAMA).

Recently, abundant topotype specimens of this species were collected fromits type locality and the environs. andfrom the Ginzan formation near the* Hcceived April 8. 1958: read at theannual meeting of the Society at Sendai.
Feb. 2, 1958.

Ginzan Hot Spring. Based upon these
specimens and others pre~erved in thecollections of the Departmentof~Geology,
Faculty of Education. and of the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Facultyof Science. both of the Tohoku University, and of the Saito Bo-on Kai Museum.
all in Sendai City, a redescription of
the characters of this species and its
relationship with related ones as wellas the mode of occurrence and its
geological significance are given in thisarticle.
Acknowledgements are due to Dr.
Kotara l-IATAr of the Department of
Geology, Faculty of Education, Tohoku
University, for kind supervision of thepresent article. Thanks are due to Mr.
1\azuo TAGUCHI of the Institute ofPetrology, Mineralogy and Economic
Geology, Faculty of Science. Tohoku
University, for his kind offer of thespecimens which he collected from the
Ginzan formation.
Description

Family Peel inidae
Subfamily Pcctininae
Genus Patinopecten DALL, 1898

Koichiro M:tsuvA2

margin: interspaces between radial ribs
very shallow and smooth: auricles rather
large; anterior auricle subequal to posterior, furnished with wide and shallow
byssal notch. and ornamented by rather
distinct concentric lines and several, fine,
faint radial threads: posterior auricle
similar to anterior in sculpture: hingewith rather distinct, simple cardinal
crura. wide and deep resilial pit provided
with rather distinct. nearly straightlateral ridges, and with ill-developed
ctenolium in young shell. Left valve
nearly flat or slightly convex, withround-topped, smooth radial ribs, andline concentric growth lines: radial ribs
much narrower than their interspaces
and tend to become obsolete towards
ventral margin: interspaces between
radial ribs much broader than ribs
themselves and rarely with a fine intercalary thread near submargins: auricles
sculptured with several. fine radial
threads and rather d ist inet con cent riclines: wide and deep resilial pit provided
with rather distinct sockets corresponding to lateral ridges of rigl1t valve.
Interior sudace of both valves rathersmooth.

PatinoPecten paraP/l!bejus(NoMURA and HATAt). 1936
Pl. 1, figs. 1-6.
1936. Pl'cfrn (PatinofH•clen) parapfd,cjus NoMUI<A and I-IATAI. Saito 1/o-oll Kai
Mus .. Res. Bull .. No. 10. p. 119, pl. 13.
figs. I. 2, pl. 16, figs. 6. 'i.
1937. Pel'/r•n (Pafinopectcn) parap!ebejus NoMUilA and IIATAI. Ibid .. No. 13. p. 130,
pl. 19, fig. 1.
195-l. P.Jtinopecten sp., IIIRAYAMA, Sci. Rep ..
Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku. Sec. C. Vol. 3.
No. 18. p. 55, pl. 3, fig. 'i.

The specimens studied enable thepresentation of the following descrip·tion.
Shell large, moderately thick, orbicu·
Jar, equilateral except for auricles;
right valve more convex than left;
both valves radiately ribbed and form·
ing an angle of about 100' at apex.
Right valve gently convex, with
about :.m. low. round-topped. smoothradial ribs and fme concentric growthlines; radial ribs much broader thantheir interspaces, rarely with a faintmedial sulcus near submargins. andtend to become obsolete towards ventral
Dimensions (in mm.) :-Valyc
HeightRight

RiJ~ht

Right

12G

X3

K!

I
-~--IO!i
Ldt

·---

1?-1

LengthHinge-length
Depth-------Apical angle

I
-

66

I___
26_1_

Left

3H

17

----

82

108

_I __ -18- - - - -5Y
15.!)

I

15

1oo·

ComParison and Affinity :-This spe·
cies resembles the Recent PatinoPectell
yessoensis (JAv) of Northern japan. as
pointed by S. NoMuRA and K. HATAJ(1936), but P. yes~wensis is distinguisha-100':~7. 5

100'

15.5

-,--

22.5

8
-----

- - , - -

100"

Ldl

___

·1
,_

100"

9

2
-----

100'

ble therefrom by the radial ribs which
tend to become obsolete towards the\'entral margin. more convexity of theright valve. and several, fine, faintradial threads on the surface of auricles.

352.

Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendcti

In yessoensis these are three, rather distinct radial threads. and in P. parap/ebejus the hinge with a wide and deep
resilial pit provided with distinct lateralridges. As pointed by S. NoMURA andK. IIATAI (1936), Patinopecten Plebejus(YoKoYAMA) from the Pliocene Sawane
formation. Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, also resembles this species, but it
differs from the present one by thegreater number of radial ribs, somewhat smaller auricle and more conspicuous network on the surface of theleft valve.
PatinojJecten ibaragiensis
MAsUDA (1953) from the upper l\liocene
formation below the Sukegawa Gas
Company, Hitachi City, lbaraki Prefecture, is distinguishable from the present
one by the characters of radial ribs,
more conspicuous cardinal crura, and afew, fine riblets between the radial ribsof the left valve.
Remarks:- This species is characterized by the large. orbicular, inflated
right valve which is provided with lR
to 22, low. round-topped. smooth radialribs which are much broader than theirinterspaces and lend to become obsolete
towards the vent raJ margin. rather distinct and simple cardinal crura, wideand deep resilial pit provided with distinct lateral ridge;;, wide and shallow
byssal notch, and the auricles which
are sculptured with several. fine radial
threads. and by the left valve which isnearly fiat or slightly convex, and provided with narro\\' radial ribs which
tend to become obsolete towards theventral margin.
DePository: -Holotype. S:VI. Reg. ~o.
26·19. paratype, S\1, Reg. No. 27-10.
1)·pe locality. (;eo/ogical formation and
A,t,'e :-Okada, Tanagura-mac hi. II igash iShirakawa-gun. Fukushima Prefect urc.
Lat. 37'01'\f., long. 14W~G'30''E. Tanagura formation. Early l\liocene.

Distribution :-Tanagura formation, Fukushima Prefecture; Kobana formation,
Tochigi Prefecture; Nanakita formation.
Miyagi Prefecture and Ginzan formation.
Yamagata Prefecture: all Early JVIiocene
in age.

Mode of Occurrence andGeological Significance

Abundant specimens of Patillopecten
parap/ebejus were collected from therounded pebble or granule bearing very
coarse-grained sandstone (about 100 em.
in thickness) at the type locality, associated with numerous shells as G/ycymeris yessoensis (SowERnY), Ch/amys kaneharai (YoKoYAMA), Jl.-!ercenaria yolwyamai(:'viAKIY Al\tA), Dosinia kanelwrai YoKOYAMA,
Polinices didyma (RooiNc), ·or;v·ena'iwakiensis NoMURA and 1-L-\TAI, Tatzakura
They occur astanakura 1-IATAI. etc.
isolated and water worn valves andlargely consist of adult specimens. Almost all of them are arranged nearlyparallel with the bedding plane andwith the convex side upwards.
Numerous young shells of parap!ebejus occur as isolated valves from thecoarse-grained sandstone (about 150 em.
in thickness) in a little higher horizon
than the above mentioned near the type
locality. These are associated withnumerous small shells of G!ycymeris
yessoensis, Crassatr!lites 1WIIIIS (AoAMs
and Rr:EvE), Miyagipecfell matsumoriensis!'VlAsunA, Jl{mdora illebei liAnE. Tanalmra
Almost all of thefnnalmra. etc.
pr~rap/elwjus and the other specimens arearranged parallel with the bedding plane
and with the convex side downwards.
The majority of them arc water wornshells or sometimes fragments. They
are usually concentrated \dthin a given
layer, and occur rather sporadically inthe other layers, though they also ar-4ranged parallel with the bedding plane
and with the convex side downwards.
Several isolated specimens of paraplebejus occur from the conglomeraticcoarse-grained sandstone of the Tanagura formation at Nishigoto. llanawamachi. Higashi-Shirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, associated with abundant specimens of :tnadara uinohcnsis
0Tui<A, Ch/amys lwne/[(frai. Lac1•icardium
shiobarr•nsc (YoKoYAMA). Dosinia lumeharai, etc. They are all water wornor some! imes fragnwnts. but are arranged parallel with tlw bedding plane andwith tlw convex side upwards. I lowever.
in a higher horizon at the same localit:.·.
several intact valves of parap/ebejus werecollected from a medium-grained sandstone, associated with intact valves of.4nadara. Ch/amys, !Josinia. etc. These
are arranged parallel with the bedding
plane and with their left valve facing
upwards and the right \'alvc downwards. there fore, it is considered thatthey arc buried in situ or not subject tomuch transportation if any. Their isolated valves arc rather well preserved
and are parallel with the bedding plane
and with the convex side upwards.
A few intact valves of pamp/ebejus
occur from the calcareous mediumgrained sandstone of the Tiin<tgura
formation at Kamitoyo, Tanagura-machi.
IIigashi-Shirakawa-gun. Fukushima Prefecture, associated ,,·ith Mi.l'aKipectm
matsumoriensis. Trmalmra tanalwm, echinoid spines and balanic! fragments.
These arc arranged parallel with thebedding plane and \\'ilh natural orient:~­tion. Therefore, it can be inferredthat paraPfebejus at Kamitoyo \\'as probably buried in si/11 or not subject totransportation from a remote place.
S. NoMuRA and 1\. 1-IA-rAI (l !l37) reported on the occurrence of paraPfebejus
from the pebbly conglomerate of the

Nanakita formation at 1\[atsumori, Izumi
machi. Miyagi-gun, f\liyagi Prefecture.
Preliminary sedimentological studies of
the Nanakita formation which yields
abundant molluscan shells were undertaken by the writer (1957) and it was
concluded that the pebbly conglomeratecontaining abundant Gfl'cynwris malsumoriensis NoMURA and IIATAI, Chlamys
lw nrharai, I 'a/ inoPede 11 matumoriensi s(NAKAMURA), etc. was subjected to strong
water current moving from north tosouth.
The Ginzan formation developed in
the \'icinity of the Ginzan Hot Spring,
Obanazawa-machi. Kita-i\Iurayama-gun,'{ amagata Prefecture. where abundantspecimens of parap!ebejus occur, consistsof pebbly conglomerate to conglomeraticvery coarse-grained sandstone, associ ateel with abundant pelecypods, gastropods
and brachiopods. A rather large numberof parap/ebejus consists of water wornand some with more or less broken
shells, usually arranged parallel withthe bedding plane. Some shells arearranged with their concave side upwards or in irregular position. but the
majority arc arranged parallel with thebedding plane and with their convex~;ide upwards.
It has been known that the single
valves which are arranged with convex
side upwards represent the most stable
position in the water and may serve todetermine the top of the sedimentaryrocks (F. TRvsHEnl. 1lJ31, F. H. LE1ms,
I~HI. R. I~. ScHROCK, 19~8. II. \V. MENARD
and A.J, BoucoT. 1951, etc.). However,I he numerous specimens whicharearranged parallel with the bedding plane
and with their com·ex side downwards
as at Okada, Tanagura-machi, are in needof a different interpret at ion from that of
the other localities. In such case it isconsidered th<1t the smaller shells may

352.

Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai

have been transported by suspension
from their site of living to that ofburial, while the larger ones were probably transported by traction or sliding.
In other words, selective transportation
was the most effective agency. It isthought that transported isolated valves
sunk in the water bottom and settledwith the convex side downwards andthe concave side upwards, due to being
dropped where the water current waslost its transporting power to becomeburied. This view is upheld by thatwhen concavo-convex shells are throwninto still water. they settle with theirconvex side downwards. It is also considered that the shell concentration in agiven layer depends upon the competencyof the bottom current throughout theperiod of time represented by tlw deposits.
Heferences
LAIIEE, F. H. (1941). Field Geology, ilk-Grawlfill Booll Co., Ed., N. Y.
1\>lAsuDA, K. (1953), A New Species of Patinopcclen from lbaragi Prefecture. Short
Papers, IGPS, No. 5, PP- ·11-50. 2 pis.
- - (1957), A Note on the Lowermost !'artof l he Nanakita Formation in the Northern Border of Sendai (in Japanese). jour.
Geol. Soc. fapau, Fol. 6.1. No. 747, pp. 704710. ·I text-figs.

5

MENARD. I-L W. and A.]. BoucoT (1951), Experiments on the Movement of Shells by
Water .. 1m. jour. Sci., Vol. 249, pp. 131151, 4 text-figs.
NOMURA, S. and K. HATAI (1936), Fossils
from the Tanagura Beds in the Vicinityof the Town Tanagura, llukusima-ken,
Northeast Honsyu. Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai
Mus .. Res. Bull., No. 10, pp. 109-155. 5
pls.
- - and - - (1937), A List of the Miocene
Mollusca and Brachiopoda Collected fromthe Hegion Lying North of the Nanakita
River in the Vicinity of Sendai, Rikuzen
Province, Japan. Ibid., No. 1.1, pp. 121145, 5 pis.
- - and N. ZINBO (1937). On Some Neogene
Mollusca from Yamagata Prefecture,
Northeast !Ionsy(J. Japan. Pt. 1, List of
the Miocene Fossils from the Vicinity of
the Ginzan Hot Spring. Northwestern
Slope of the Hunagata Volcano. Ibid., No.
13. pp. 155-157.
ScHROCK, R. R. (1948), SClJUence in Layered
Rocks. llkGraw-Hi/1 Book Co. Ed., N.Y.
SmKAIIIA. T. (1954), On the Tertiary Formations of Tomikusa in South Nagano Prefecture (in Japanese). Sci. Rep., Yokohama
Nat/. Unit•., Sec. 2. No . .1, pp. 71-108, 5 pis.
TRUSHF.II\1, F. (1931), Versuch tiber Transport und AblagerunJ.( von Mollusken.
Senlwnbergim1a. lid. 13, No.2. pp. 124-13!1.
YoKOYAMA. rvl. (1926), Fossil Shells from
Sado. four. Fac. Sci., Imp. Unit•. Tokyo, Sec.
2. Vol. I, Pt. 8, pp. 2-19-312, 6 pis.

6Koichiro MAsuDA

Explanation of Plate 1
Figs. 1-6. Patinopeden parap!ebejus (NoMURA and IIATAI)
1. Right valve. x4j5. DGS, Reg. No. 3360. Loc. Namesawa, Obanazawa-machi, Kita·
Mutayama-gun, Yamagata Prefecture. Ginzan formation.
2. Right valve, XI. DGS, Reg. No. 3683. Loc. Okada, Tanagura-machi. Higashi-Shirakawagun, Fukushima Prefecture. Tanagura formation.
3. Right valve. xl. DGS, Reg. No. 36H. Luc. Same as above.
•t Left valve, x 1. Paratype, Sl\1. Reg. No. 2619. Loc. Same as above.
5. Left valve, x L DGS, Reg. No. 3615. Loc. Same as above.
6a. Hinge area of right valve, xl. DGS, Reg. No. 3617. Loc. Kamitoyo, Tanagura·rnachi, lligashi-Shirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture. Tanagure formation.
6b. Hinge area of Left valve, x 1. DGS, Reg. N'o. 3617. Loc. Same as above.
Figs. 7-10. Patinofteclm imamurai !Vl.AsuoA, n. sp. l{eg. No. TN. N. L Geological and !\liner·
alogical Institute, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University.
7. Right valve, X 1.
8. Left valve, x 1.
9. Upper \'iew of the same, x l.
10. Anterior profile of the same. >: 1.
Loc. Railroad cutting of the San-in Line at Akazaki, .1\ima-machi. 1\ima-gun, Shimane
Prefecture. Kawai formation.

MAS UDA :l\11ASUDA

Miocene Pectinidae

J?hOtO.

Plate 1

Trans. !'roc. Pa 1aeont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 33, pp. 7-8. pl. 1. April 1, 19SY

353.

PATINOPECTEN IMAMURrll MASUDA. N. SP.
FI:WM SHl.MANE PREFECTURE. JAPAN*
KOICHIRO l\lASUDA

Department of Geology, Faculty of Education, Tohoku University
J:.';.!f)IJil:i!Uif.~lJ.O)tfffi PalinoPecten imam11rai:

ill~t::~BlJ~F.\f. lll~l*~t:iilil;lmJ ~ u)/llalil'liJa.~t...

U.;J:;\:k~.?4-.fHHtr¥5l:tib):,~~tr.I.W.JIM!<(early 1\lioccne) J: IJ~~L.t.:~TI:~CDtfrf!r~.11"1 Ill :If:- ~B

imatmlraic6JiZL-t:.oDuring his geological studies in thevicinity of Akazaki, Nima-machi, Nimagun, Shimane Prefecture, Prof. Sotoji
IMAMURA of the Geological and Mineralogical Institute, Faculty of Science,
Hiroshima University, collected an interesting scallop from a very line-grainedsandstone of the 1\liocene Kawai formation in association with other molluscan
fossils. This fossil was turned over tothe writer for examination. and as aresult of study. it was found that it
represents a new species to which thepresent article is devoted. Studies on
the stratigraphy of this region arc being continued by S. IMAMURA. and thedetails will be published by him.
Acknowledgements arc due to Prof.
Sotoji 1MA1\WRA. for his kind offer ofthe specimen and for the informationof the stratigraphy of Akazaki regionof Shimane Prefecture. and to Dr. Kotora
HA-rAI of the Department of Geology,
Faculty of Education, Tohoku University,
for reading the manuscript.

Palinopec/en imamurai MASUDA, n. sp.
Pl. I. figs. 7 .. 10.

Shell moderate, rather thin, compressed, orbicular in outline, equilateral
except for auricles: right valve moreconvex than left: both valves radiately
ribbed and forming an angle of about
100' at apex.
Right valve with eight, low. roundtopped, smooth radial ribs and fine concentric growth Iines, and ornamented byobtuse network; radial ribs much broader
than their intcrspaces in central part ofdisc, and divided into two parts, one
being somewhat larger than other:radial ribs at lateral extremities very
low and slender, and narrower than theirinterspaces: bifurcated radial ribs ornamented by very weak, fine longitudinal
striae only recognizable by reflected
light ncar ventral margin; interspaces
between radial ribs shallow and smooth;anterior auricle sculptured with several
radial threads which tend to become
obsolete towards margins and concentriclines, ornamented by fine network, andfurnished with wide and shallow but
distinct byssal notch and rather wide
byssal area; posterior auricle similar· toanterior in sculpture; hinge with· .rather
distinct ctenolium. Left valve withseven, round-topped radial ribs ~orna-

Family Pectinidac
Subfamily Pectininae
Genus Patinopecten DALL, 1898

* Received April 8, 1958: read at theannual meeting of the Society at Sendai.
Feb. 2, 1957.
7

8

Koichiro M.tsuoAmented by fine longitudinal striae only
recognizable by reflected light, intercalary threads and fine concentric growthlines, and ornamented by rather distinct
network; radial ribs much narrower
than their interspaces, rather sharp nearbeak, tend to become rounded towards
ventral margin, divided into two or
three radial threads by shallow longitudinal furrows near beak, but divided
radial threads tend to become obsolete
downwards; slender intercalary t breads
appear at beak and tend to becomerounded towards ventral margin; auricles sculptured with several radial
threads which tend to become obsolete
towards margins and concentric lines,
and ornamented by rather distinct network. Characters of hinge area andinterior surface unknown.
Dimensio11s (in mm.): -Height 62.5,
length 61.5, hinge-length ca. 26, thickness 16.5. apical angle 100,.
Comparison and Affinity :-This new
species resembles Patinopecten /nllyoensis(ToKuNAGA) (1906) from the Pleistocene
deposits in the environs of Tokyo, but
it can be distinguished therefrom by
the smaller shell, the radial ribs which
are divided into two parts by shallow
longitudinal furrow. the smaller auricles.
the ctenolium in the right valve and by
the left valve having an intercalarythread between the radial ribs. Also it
is distinguishable from Patinopecten kobiyamai KAMADA (1954) from the J6ban
Coal-field and Pal inopecte1l chichibuensis
KANNo (1957) from the Chichibu basin,by the characters of the radial ribs of
the right valve and an intercalary threadof the left valve.
Remarks:- This species is named inhonor of Prof. Sotoji IMAMURA of theHiroshima University.
The present new species is characterized by its more or less inflated rightvalve which is provided with eight,
round-topped. smooth radial ribs which
are broader than their interspaccs inbreadth and bifurcate at the beak, weak
and fine radial threads on the backs ofradial ribs, fine net work on the surface.
and rather distinct ctcnolium. The left
valve is characterized by having slightly
inflated shell which is provided withnarrower radial rihs which are divided
into two or three parts by shallow
longitudinal furrows ncar the beak but
tend to become obsolete towards theventral margin. an intercalary thread
bet ween the radial ribs. and rather distinct network on whole surface.
JJepository:-Reg. No. TN. N, 1, <;cological and Mineralogical Institute, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University.
Locality, Geologica/formation and Age:Railroad cutting of the San-in Line at
Akazaki, Nima-machi, Nima-gun, Shimane Prefecture. Lat. 35'00'43''N., long.
132":.W04"E. Kawai format ion. Early
1\1 iocene.
Associated fauna:- PatiuoPecten kagamimms nimaensis MAsUDA. Cyclina lwmlata !VfAKJYAMA, Crenella fomicata YoKov AMA. Lucinoma amti/inealum (CoNRAD),
Tlmtcia lutlaii KAI\tAPA, ilfya cunei/armis(BiiuN), Ca/liostoma n. sp.
Occurrence :-Known only from thetype locality.
References

KAMADA, Y. (195.1), Patilropecten kobi;vmwi, A
New 1\·liocene Scallop from the Joban
Coal-field. Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeonl.
Soc. japan, N.S., No. 15, pp.173-178, 1 pl.
KANNO, S. (1957), On Some New Species ofPatinojJeclen from the Chichibu Basin,
Saitama Prefecture. Bull. Chichibu A/us.
Nat. Flist .. No. 7. J>P· 101-108, 3 pis.
ToKUNAGA, S. (1906). Fossils from the Environs of Tokyo. four. Coli. Sci., Imp. Univ.
Tokyo, Vol. 21, Art. 2, pp. 1-96, 6 pis.

Trans. Proc. l'alaeont. Sue. Japan, N. S., No. 33, pp. 9-1-l, pl. 2, April 1. 1959

:15-l.

FOSSIL MOLLUSCAN FAUNA FROM THE ENVIRONS OF
THE ZENKOJI HOT-SPRINGS. NAGANO PREFECTURE*SABURO KANNO
Geological and Mineralogical Institute, Tokyo University of Education
and

TSUNEO TOMIZA W A
Nagano-Kita Iligh School. Nagano Prefecture~!lfrMf!i)'C.':'ii.J~vfAitfi~t'-=. -J~ •T: -&!fHi~!i:lt.JJ ::. 1!1fi ·t-'!. lfi.C::*' ~·.'NH'iii'. t~ 1 t~ot#J'L/!I'Hfi:IJ> ~,;r:·f ;:, .1-ilt:fiP:fl:;. :.Q:7Mlfhi)Jtftiillft ~w~Jw.Qit7 iiJ:~u1: ~-rt · ;_;~;~:
Ji-1ll!ii!.U~OY'l\ :COA:!'tHd~:ii:l'~t:..
i'i !llf =:·. f!j; ·'hi if~ tLi iti'ing Ogawa formation of IIoNMA (HJ31).
and unconformably succeeded by the
lizuna volcanic detritus. Although thegeological age of the Ogawa formationis generally accepted as late i\Iiocenc.
that of the Shigaram i is considered tobe early Pliocene by most previous
aut110rs.

Introduction and Aclmowledgements

One of the writers (ToMrzAwA) has
been engaged in a geological survey
for several years. of the area situatedin the northwestern part of Nagano
City. where the so-called Shigarami andOgawa formations arc well developed.
This area has been studied by several
authors as to its geology and paleontology, and of the workers the follow·
ing should be mcnt ioncd. !'VTAKIY AMA(1927), lloN~IA (1931), KuRoDA (1931). FuJI·
MOTo and KAw ADA (I 94!i). SAITo (I ~J!ifi),

and ToMIZAWA (see bibliography). I low·
ever. there still remain problems con·cerning both stratigraphy and paleontology.
The Shigarami formation was first
introduced by HoNMA (1931) for theandesitic tuff breccia, sandy mudstone,sandstone, conglomerate, and tuff developed in Shigarami-mura, Kami-minochi-gun. Nagano Prefl'cture, which is its
type locality. This formation is conformably superposed upon the underly·

Text-fig.

l\Iap showing the fossil localities

As a result of ToMIZAwA's geologicalstudies a large collection of fossils havebeen made from the sediments outcrop·
ping ncar the Zenkoji llot-springs in theeastern part of the type locality of the
Shigarami formation. This large collection together with the newly accumu-* Received April 23, 1958; read Feb. 9,
1957.

9

Saburo KAN!'vO and Tsuneo TOMIZAIVA

10lated stratigraphical evidences are briefly
treated in this paper.
Here the writers \\·ish to express their
gratitude to Profs. Haruyoshi FuJIMOTO
and Wataru HAsHIMoTo of the Geological and Mineralogical Institute, Facultyof Science, Tokyo University of Education, and Prof. 1\otora HATAI of the
Department of Geology, Faculty of

Education, Tohoku University, for theirvaluable advice and encouragement.

Helation between the Lithofacies
and I~aunal Assemblages
ToMizAwA subdivided the Shigarami
formation developed in the area inquestion into five members as shown in
Table 1.

Table l. Stratigraphic sequence of the Shigarami and Ogawa formations
develop~.:d in the northwestern part of Nagano City
Iizuna \'olcanic detritus-----unconformity (part)
Kitago conglomerate member Ca. 500 m. thick.
- diastem (part)Da~gakubo conglom~rat~c sandstone member. Ca. 400 m thick.

Shigarami
formation

1

Horita siltstone member.

400 m. thick.

ZcnkojJ si-ltst~nc mc~ber

150-200 m. thick.

Ogawa
Susobana tuff member._700-800 m. thick.
formation {Asaka\\ a mudstone member. Ca. 300m. thick.

Brief descriptions of each of themember cited in Table 1. now follow.
in ascending order.
1) Asakawa mudstone member. Dark
gray mudstone with some foraminifers(Haploplzragmoides sp .. etc.). About 300
m. in maximum thickness.
2) Susobana tuff member. White or
light yellowish liparitic tuff and tuffbreccia devoid of fossils. 700-SOO m. inthickness.
3) Zenkoji si listone member. Dark
grayish siltstone or fine-grained sandstone. 150-200 m. in lotal thickness.
This member has yielded, Conchocele
disjuncta GABB (Joe. 1). Laevicardium
augustum (YoKoYAMA) (loc. 1), Dosinia(J{anelzaraia) kmzelwrai YoKoYAMA (loc.
1), *SPisula sachalinensis (ScnRENcK) (Joe.
1), Serripes makiyamai (YoKoYAI\IA) (Joe.
1), 111ya do11aciformis K UIWDA (loc. 1),* abundant species

Bucci Ill till s/zimmoense l'VIAKIYAMA (Joe.
1), Nassarius nalwmurai KuRODA (Joe. 1).

·1) Horita siltstone member. Dark or
dark grayish mudstone or grayish fine
to medium-grained sandstone. ,100m. inthickness. This member has yielded,
Anadara amiCitla (YoKOYAMA) (lacs. 3, 4),
Glycymeris yamasakii (YoKoYAMA) (Joe. 3),
Patinopecten yamasakii o· OKOYAMA) (lacs.
.:J, !1), p l!ybfilllll (YoKOYAMA) (loC. 3),
Conchocele disjune/a GAss (locs. 2, 3. •1),
Mya japonica ]AY (Joe. 4). Spisula cf.
saclwlim:nsis (ScHRENcK) (loc. 3), Turritel!asaislmensis YoKoYAMA (Joe. 3), Natica
jantlwstoma DEsiiAYEs (Joe. 3).
5) Daigakubo conglomeratic sandstone
member. l'v1edium-to coarse-grained sandstone. conglomeratic. About 400 m. inthickness. It has yielded, *A.nadara
amicula (YoKoYAMA) (lac. 7), Glycymerissp. (Joe. G), Patinopecten yessoensis (JAY)(Joe. 7), P. yamasal?ii (YoKoYAMA) (Joe.
7), Dosinia sp. (loc. 6), buccinum sltinano·354. Fossil Molluscan Fauna from the Environs of Zenkoji
elise l\L4.RIYAMA (lOC. 7).
6) Kitago conglomerate member. Pebble conglomerate with intercalated thinbedded lignite layers, white acidic 1uff
layers and sandstone lenses. Leaves ofMetasequoia disticha rviiKr have beenfound. This member is about 500 m. inthickness.

Mode of Occurrence of the Fossils
The majority of the pelecypods in thecollection consist of intact valves which
are excellently preserved and some evenretain their original coloration. Specimens with intact valves are generally
found in the siltstone or silty sandstone,
while those with isolated valves occur
from sandstone. From the fresh appearance of the specimens with intact valves
and their excellent preservations it canbe inferred that they were either buriedin situ or subjected to only very slighttransportation. As their occurrence. thespecimens from the silly rocks are foundsporadically, while those from the sandstones are generally found from theconcretions and arc thus generally wellpreserved even though they are represented by external moulds.
From the mode of occurrence and slateof preservation of molluscan fossils aswell as from the structures of the fossilbearing rucks, it is judged that thefossils were buried in situ, and if I ransported, the distance must have been very
near.

Characteristics of the Present Fauna
Although the majority of the fossils
cited above have been reported from thepresent area, Serripes malliyamai (Y orwYAMA) and /)osinia (l..:an('/iaraia) kane/I(JraiYoKoYAMA arc reported for the first time.
The former species was first recorded
by YoKoYAMA (1928, p. 360, pl. 69, fig. 3)

11from the l\Iiocene Ushigakuhi formationin the IIigashiyama oil-field, Niigata
Prefecture. and subsequently included
into the synonymy of S. uotabi!is SowER·
nv, by OnJKA (I !!:~5. p. GO. pl. 1, figs. 910). However, the former one can be
distinguished from the latter by having
a more lower shell with regard tolength and a more quadrangular shell
outline.
Although the surface sculpture of
Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kaneharai from thepresent area is not well preserved, thestrong concentric cords with narrowerinterspaces, broad pallial sinus which
ascends obliquely to the middle part ofthe shell rather acutely and with narrowand bluntly pointed apex, serve to determine its specific position. From suchfeature it may easily be distinguishedfrom other species of Dosinia from japan (KANNO, 1955, p. 82).
Dosinia (Kaneharaia) kaueharai which
was first reported by YoKoYAMA (1026,
p. 133, pl. 17, figs. 1-5; pl. 18, fig. 2)
from the l\1iocene Kanomatazawa formation in the Shiobara area, Tochigi Prefecture. has been subsequently recorded bymany authors from other regions, all ofwhich are l'vlioccne in age. For example
it has been reported from the :Miocene
formations as the Narusawa in Iwatc
Prefecture (No~HJRA, 1935), Scnnan district of Miyagi Prefecture (NoMURA andONisr. 1940), Sugota of Akita Prefecture(0TuRA, 1936), Yanagawa of Fukushima
Prefecture (NoMURA and ZINBo, 1936).
Tanagura of the same Prefecture NoMur<A and HATAI, 1936), Irahana of Gunma
Prefecture (FuJIMOTo and KonAYAsHr.
1938), the Meisen district of North Korea(1\IAJ<IYAMA. J9:{G), besides elsewhere.
The associated fauna of Dosinia (Kanelwraia) lwnellarai in localities from which
it has been recorded comprise generaand species which, in general, are those12

Saburo KANNO and Tszmeo TOMIZAWA

characteristic of subtropical. warm temperate but not those of cold water types.
This fact is particularly noticeable in
the early Miocene deposits.
It is worthy of note that in the present area Dosiuia (Kaneliarai) kaneliarai
occurs in association with SPisula sachalinensis (ScuRENcK) and SerriPes makiyamai (YoKOYAMA). Spisula sachalinensis
which is the most common species in thepresent fauna, is distributed in the Recent seas from 36'N. lat. to ,15· N. lat.
(KuRoDA and l-IABE, 1%~). and the genus
Serripes is a typical cold water species,
being known only from seas north of36" N. lat. Therefore, it is evident thatthe warm water species Dosiuia (Kaneltaraia) kanelwrai occurs in association
with typical cold water genera, as justmentioned. Accordingly, it is to be
judged that the present fauna may indicate a rather cool type. the southward
invasion of northern waters. the causedelimitting the geological range andextinction of Dosinia (/(aneharaia) Jwuelzarai, and therefore. that the geologicalage of such a fauna is younger thanthat containing a typical warm water
fauna since it is superposed on it.
Dosiuia (Kanelwmia) lumelwmi is gen·erally associated with such pelecypods
as Chlamys kmzelwrai (YmwY AMA) and
Laevicardium slziobaraense (YoKOYAMA) inthe l'vliocene deposits of Japan. None ofthese three species extend their range
up into the Pliocene, and only the firstmentioned is known to occur with cold
water types of shells. its geologicalrange being longer than that of theother two. From the thermal conditions
indicated by the three mentioned species
with their associated forms, and fromthe stratigraphical position of Dosiuia(l(aneltaraia) kaneharai occurring withcold water forms, it is evident that thedifference in oceanographical conditions

as reflected in the fauna. may mark theboundary between the early and late
J\hoccnc of Japan.
The mixed fauna of cold water andwarm water types as recognized in thepresent area is also known from the
Suenomatsuyama format ion (l-IATAI, 1941)
in Iwate Prefecture, the Togeshita formaticm (HAsHIMoTo, 1950) in Hokkaido andfrom the Kitaura formation (KoTAKA,
19!18) and its correlatives in Aomori,
Akita. Yamagata, and Niigata Prefectures. All of these are considered torepresent the late or Upper Miocene.
Should remarks be added as to where
the boundary between the Miocene andPliocene should be drawn, the writers
are in the opinion that it may be placedin a position. faunistically where themixed fauna is superposed by a uniform
cold water fauna in Northern Honshu
and 1-lokkaido, and by a more mild one
in central and soutlnvest Honshu.
The Tertiary rocks developed near the
Zenkoji hot-springs is considered to belong to the upper part of the Ogawa
formation of HoNMA (I9:H). It is in thisparticular horizon that the mixed faunaalready referred to occurs. Jn the Horita
siltstone member conformably superposed upon the Ogawa formation, abundant Spisula occur but Dosinia (Kanelzaraia) kane/Jarai longer persists and thefauna as known at present changes.
References
1-1. and .M. KoBAYASHI (1938), On
the Tertiary Formations of the Area
Drained by the Hikawa and Shinogigawa, Gunma Prefecture (in japanese).
]our. Geo!. Soc. japan, vol. 34, 110. 533, pp.
205-226.
FUJIMOTO, II., KAwADA, K. and etc. (19,16),
The geology of the Nagano oil-field (inJapanese). Ibid., vol. 52, 110s. 613-615, pp.
48-55.
FUJIMOTO.

354.

Fossil Molluscan Fauna from the Environs of Zen!?oji

HASIIIMOTO, \V. (1950), Geology of the Marginal Part of Kabato Massif. (in japanc,;c). Bull. Ceo[. Crmzm. Hokkaido, no. 13,
pp. 1-8.
IIATAI, K. (19,11), The Cenozoic Format ionsand Fossils of Northeast Honsyf1. Japan.
Sri. RefJ., Tolwlm Imp. Uni1• .. ser. 2. l'ol.
22. 110. 1, pp. 1-/lli.
HoNMA, F. (1931). The Geology of the Central Shinano.
KANNo, S. (1955). On Some Miocene Species of!Josinia from japan. Trans. Proc. Pa!aco111.
Soc. jafJan. N. S., no. 19, pp. 81-84.
KoTAI<A, T. (1958). The Symposium of the
Neogene Tertiary of Japan (in Japannese). Sixty-fifth Amwal Meet .. Ceo/. Soc.
ja/J<lll, pp. 54-57.
KuRoDA. T. (1931). Fossil Mollusca in F.
lloN.MA's Geology of Central Shi nano, pt.
~. PJ>. 1-90.
- - and HABE, T. (1952). Check List andBibliography of the Recent Marine Mollusca of Japan.
MAt.;JYAMA. J. (1927), An Abridged ({cportof the Tertiary Fossils from Kami·Minochi-gun. Shinano Province (in japanese).
"Chikyzt" (The Globe), L'Ol. 8. no. 2, pp.
181-188.
- - (1938), The Mcisen l\1iocene of North
Korea. 1Uem. Col!. Sci., Kyoto Imp. Uniz• ..
ser. B. vol. 11, no. 4, art. 8, pp. 1!13-228.
NoMURA, S. (1935). Fossil l\Iollusca fromthe Vicinity of Narusawa Hot.spring,Northeastern Part of the Kurikoma Volcano, Iwate-ken. Saito Ho-m1 Kai Jl!us.
Res. Bull .. 110. 5, pp. 71-100.
- - and ZINBO, N. (1936), Mollusca fromthe Yanagawa Shell Beds in the Fukushima Basin, Northeast Honshu, Japan.
/bid .. 110. 16, pp. 1-17.
--and H...TAI, K. (1936), Fossils from the
Tanagura Beds in the Vidnity of the

,,

1 ·~

Town Tanagura, Fukushima-ken, North·cast Honshu, japan. Ibid .. 110. 10, pp.
109-155.
- - and ONISI. H. (1!140). Neogene Molluscs
from the Sen nan District, l'vliyagi Prefecture. Japan. Japall. jour. Geol. <Jeogr .. 1'0!.
]{, IIOS. 3-.J. pp. 181-194.
0TUKA, Y. (1935), Serripes in Japan. Trans.
Proc. Pa/aeonl. Soc. japan. 110. 1, pp. 5-8.
- - (1!136). The Takascgawa Green Tuff
Beds of the Yuri District, Akita Prefecture. japan. and Correlation of the Lowerl'...!iocene in japan. Hull. E{rrthq. Res.
lmt., 1'0/. J.J. pt. 3. pp. 438-452.
SAITO, Y. (1956). The Neogene Tertiary in
the Vicinitr of Nagano City. (in Japanncse). Bull. Facully of Education, Shins/111
Unil• .. no. 8. pp. 181-19~.
SuzuKI, T. (1938). The Explanation of theTopography and Geology of the Nagano
Oil-Field. Nagano Prefecture. Ceo/. SttnJ.
japan.
ToMIZAWA. T. (1948). The Stratigraphicaland Paleontological Studies oi the Tertiary Formations Developed in the
Northern Shinshu. Nagano Prefecture(in Japanese). four. Ceo!. Soc. japan, t•ol.
5 I. p. 115.
- - (1950), The Geological Structures of
the Tertiary Formations in the Northern
Shinano. Ibid., z·o!. 656. p. 302.
- - (1954). On the so-called 5higarami
formation in the Northern district ofNagano Prefecture. Stud. Ceo/. Mineral.
Ins/., Tokyo Univ. Etluc., 110. 3. pp. 125-134.
YoKOYAMA. M. (1926). Tertiary Mollusca
from Shiobara in Shimotsukc. jour. Foe.
Sd .. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, ser. 2. z•ol. 1. />f. 4,
pp. 127-138.
- - (HJ~S). Neogene Shells from the OilField of 1-ligashiyama, Echigo. Ibid .. z•ol.
2. pt. (. pp. 351-362.

Saburo I<..ANNO and Tsuneo TOM!ZAWA

Explanation of Plate 2(All figures in natural size)

Dosiuia (Kauclraraia) kaue//(/rai YoKoYAMA. l~cg. No. (1203.
Ia. Right val\•e, lb. left valve. 1c. apical view of of la-b.
Fig. 2. The surface sculpture of Dosiuia (1\mwlraraia) lwnelwrai YoKOYAMA.
Fig. 3. Dosinia (Eauelraraia) kanelwrai YoKOYAMA. Reg. No. 1670,1.
Collected from the Miocene Tanagura formation of Fukushima Prefecture. showing it!'pallial sinus for comparison.
Fig. 4. Laevicardium angustum (YoKoYAMA), Reg. No. 6204.
Figs. 5a-b. Spisula sachaliueusis (ScnRENCK). Reg. No. 6205.
5a. Right \'ah·e. showing its pallial sinus, 5b. Apical Yiew.
Figs. 6a-b. Serripes makiyamai (YOKOYAMA), Reg. No. 6206.
6a. Left valve. Gb. apical view.
Fig. 7. Buccimtm shinanoense MAKIYAMA, Reg. No. 6207.
Figs. 8-9. Nassarius nakamurai KuRODA, Reg. No. 6208.
Figs. la-c.

Specimens figured in this plate arc preserved in the Geological and Mineralogical Institute. Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Education, Tokyo, Japan.

K ANNO and T OMIZAWA :AoK r ?hoto,

Molluscan Fossils

Plate 2

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 33, pp. l!:i-18, pl. 3. April 1, 1959

355.

PLICATOUNIO OF' THE WAKINO FORMATION(Studies on the Molluscan fauna of the Cretaceous
I nkstone series. Part 1)*
YOSlliHISA OTA
Fukuoka Liberal Arts College.

JIM!llffflii!i'£0) Plicatnunio: Jl4!!llfiffi!MlttC!J N'.'IIJi'J, JJlj:/P'fO) t O)'i: fitilHA..:t'iW a fill (? t;
1 foUii~f<!D ~~\JIJtA..:o c.~t~O)J'r:(Jilil!M~®O);/}W::.:ftt'ir-?t.,.. itJNIC:q:itH5Hic t
J: o!u::·n), S/... ~HxJtlf.t::-?l'·r:&'r~~a. r:,

Plicatounio is an important genus in
the non-marine Wakino fauna of theLower Cretaceous age. It was. in HJ:16
that KonAYAsHr and Suzu1<1 described P.
naktongrmsis and P. triangularis from the
Wakino series. but later KoBAYASHI (1956)
excluded the latter from Plicalozmio s.
str.
I made a new collection from thelower and upper Wakino at various lo·
calities in which three species are distinguished as follows:
1. Plicatomzio 11aldongensis KoBAY AsH r
and SuzuKI .................. rare
2. P. naktongensis mu!tij>liratus SuzuKI........................... common
3. "P." kZl'ai/IJ/01/PitSiS 0TA, n. sp. . ..
.............................. rare
It is interestin!{ to see that they serve
not only for the zoning of the \Vakino
formation. but also for its precise correlation to the Naktong series.
Here I wish to record my sincere ap·
preciations to Prof. T. KoBAYASHI of the
University of Tokyo for his encourage·
ment and criticism.
As pointed out by KoBAYAsHI and SuZUIG (1936), the hinge teeth and surface
ornaments of Plicatomzio serve for its:t: 111w 9-..

dis! inction from Unio. Nippononaia andTrigonioides.
On the hinge-featureof Plicatounio

In the right \'alve of P. 11alltonRensis.
5a running along the hinge margin isprovided with a gr, ove on the -lower
side and has fine lateral striation. 4areveals Yery fine crenation on its crestas sccn in recent Unio and Cnrbicu/a. 3ais distinctly crenated on its lO\\·er side
but crenation happens to be more orless irregular. and its upper side shows
only fine striation. 1\fedian tooth is some·what obscure, rather massive and bears
several oblique radial striae. 3b is asmooth slender tooth elongated andgradually narrowing toward the beak.
5b along the hinge margin is small andsmooth. Fine crenation is sometimes
seen on it near the beak.
"J>." lmxmmnnensis n. sp. is almost
identical with the preceding in hinge
nature. but has fine crenation on 3b
ncar the beakP. naktongensis multip/icatus is very
similar to the typical form in the hinge,
but 3a is crenated only on the lower
side in naktongensis and on both sides*Received April 28, 1958; read June 6, HJ58.

15

Yoshilzisa OTA

16

in mu!tip!icatus. This means that distinct crenation exists on 4a in mu/tip/icatus.
It is the tendency for the crenationof the hinge teeth to increase from naktrmgensis I o llllt!tiplimtus. The crena1 ion
is never so regular in Plicalounio as in
Trigrmioid,·s.
Differem·e betwel•n Plicalounio andNippononaia or Trigonioides(1) Plicatounio is similar to Trigonioides
in the crenation of a certain tooth but
there are many differences in the hinge.
(2) As Nippononaia ryosekiana wastaken for a subgenus of Plicatounio by
SuzuKI (19-13). there are many similarities between them. Concerning tllC' arrangement and crenation of the hinge
teeth, mttfliPiicatus and kwanmonensis
are more similar to o·osekiaua than nak·tmzgensis. There are, however. two differences between Plicatounio and Nippononaia as follows :a) Crenation on pseudocardinal teeth
is regular and extensive in Nippononaia whereas it is partial. irregularand oblique in Plicatounio.
b) The line lateral striation is distinct on the teeth of Plicalormio, butthey are rather obscure in Nipprmonaia. Namely, Plicatounio is similar
to Unio in the presence of radialstriae on the median tooth. Nippononaia has no striation on the tooth.
P!icalomrio nal~trmgensis is similar to
Nippmumaia ryosekinna in the smooth
postero-lateral teeth. but the former
has disl inct lateral slria1 ion. In multip!icalus crenations are found in thelateral teeth only in the vicinity ofthe beak.
Thus P!icatounio reveals better agreement with Unio than Nippononaia.

On the tmrface sculptureof Plicatou11io1.

Posterior pi ication.
P. 11al?longensis has two or three pli-cations on the posterior side, two of
which are distinct. from the umbo.
P. lm.Jmrmoneusis is identical with P.
uaktongensis in the mode of plication.
P. 1utl~lougensis mu!tipliwtus has fouror live plications. three or four ofwhich arc distinct in the whole length.
2. Radial ribs in front of the posterior
plication.
a) Naktongensis s. str. has no radialribs, but the Wakino form has
several \Veak ones. The ventral
margin is crenated but gradually
weakened forwardly.
b) Kwmmwnensis is identical withuaktonf{f'llSis in ribbing.
c) In multiphca/us the shell is ribbed
as far as the anterior margin, hut
the anterior ribs are weaker thanthe posterior ones. The ventral
crenation is distinct even on theanterior margin.
Distribution of Plicatounio
WakinosubgroupP.

uakton;:ensis]=-,~-

P. twk.

multip!ica/us=-~Lower Mid-Upper Upper·
dielllOStI VR

R-~· /mran~IOIIens5~~VRj-=- j--=- -~-··-~
A: Abundant. R: Hare, VH: Very rare

As shown in the above table. twktongensis is abundant, and multiplicatus andlut·amnollelrsis are very rare in the lower
Wakino or Sengoku formation. In theupper 'Nakina or lower 'Vakamiya formation, on the contrary, mulfiP!icalus isabundant, naktongensis rare and kwan-

355.

Plicatounio of the Wakino Formation

monensis absent.
From these facts I am led to the conclusion as follows:
1. !lfultip!icatus was deri vecl from nalltongensis.
2. The number of the posterior plication increases and at the same timeradial ribs become numerous.
3. The crenation of hinge teeth increases from uaklongensis to muftiPlicatus.
If compared with the early Cretaceous
species. the Senonian species havestronger and more numerous radial ribs
as exemplified by P. suzulli, and more
numerous fine ones as seen in P. maxima.
The correlation between the \\rakino
and Naktong serieH by Plicalounio

According to SuwJ<t, P naldongensis
is common in the Kinbu formation or
lower Naktong series but rare in the
Sinsyu formation or upper Naktong. P.
naktongensis multiplir:alus absent in the
Kinbu is common in the Sinsyu format ion.
Thus the occurrence of Plicalozmio in
the Wakino well agrees with that of the
Naktong series. There are. however,some differences in that lucamnonensis
and multiplicatus occur in the lower
Wakino but none is known from thelower Naktong series.
In conclusion I agree with KoBAYASHI
and SuzuKI in the correlation of the"\Vakino to the Naktong series.
llc!!cription of Species

Genus Plicatmmio KoBA YAsm
and SuzuKI" Plicalmmio " kwrmmouensis
0TA n. sp.
Pl. 3. Figs. 1-3.

17

DescriPtion :-Shell medium in size,
subquadrate, inequilateral, relatively
short for Plicatomzio and round in front,
prolonged and subtruncated in posterior
and broadly arcuated on ventral side:
beak large and located at a fourth ofshell from anterior, fairly prominent
but not high and distinctly prosogyrous.
Posterior ridge broad and blunt: surface
ornamented with two or three wide andmoderately elevated plications radiatingfrom umbo to posterior margin and morethan ten radial ribs in front of theseplications: hinge teeth well developed,
in the right valve, 3a distinctly crenated on its lower side and much stronger
than 5a which is narrow and smooth ;median tooth indistinct, rather massive
and obliquely and radially striated; 3bfeebly crenated only near beak-on its
upper side and short but thicker than
5b which is narrow but elongated andfinely crenated: anterior adductor scar
subtrigonal and fairly large and stronger
than posterior one.
1\1easuremeuts :--The holotype specimen
measures about 4S mm and 50 mm inheight and length respectively. (Pl. 3
Fig. 1)Comparison:- This species differs from
P. naktougensis and P. uallfo11gensis mulliPlicatus in the subquadrate outline. In
the surface ornament it is identical with
P. naklongensis. In the pseudocardinalteeth it is more similar to Nippo11onaia
than P. nakto11gensis but the ornamentis quite different from that of Nipponouaia. Because the outline of the shellis so high, it may turn out a new genus
or subgenus, if better material is available.
Formation and Locality :-Sengoku formation in the Wakino subgroup. The
locality is at the northern 150m partfrom the basal conglomerate along theYakiyama river. east of Rikimaru.

Yoshihisa OTA

18

References
Cox, L. R. (1955). On the Affinity of Trigmzi·
oides and lloffetrigonia. Geol. Mag. Vol.
92.

J. H. (1937a), Sur le Genre Trigo·
uioides. Mutation genet ique stable duGenre Trigo11ia. C. R. des seances de /'!lead.
des Sci., Paris. 1937.

HoFFRT,- - (1937b). Lcs Lamellibranchis saumfttres
du Senonien de Muong Phalane (BasLaos). Bull. Serl'. geol. 1'/ndoclzine, Vol. 24.
KoBAYASHI, T. and SuzuKI, K. (1936). Non·
marine Shells of the Naktong- Wakino
Series. japan. ]our. Geol. Geogr., Vol. 18.
- - (1956). On the Dentition of Trigonioides
and its Relation to similar Pelecypod
Genera. Japa11. ]our. Geol. Geogr., Vol. 27.

No.1.
Suzmu, K. (1940), Non-Marine Molluscan
Faunule of the Siragi Series in South
Tyosen. Japan. four. Geol. Geogr. Vol. 17.
- - (1941). A new Naiad, Unio (Nippono·naia) ryosekiaua, n. subgen. and n. sp.,from the Lower Cretaceous of japan.
Jour. Geo/. Soc. ]aprm, Vol. 48.
- - (1943), Restudy on the Non-marine 1\lolluscan fauna of the Rakuto Serie;; In
Keisyo-do. Tyosen. ]our. Slzigenkagalm
Kenkyusyo. Vol. 1. No. 2.
THIELE, ]. (1934-3fl). Handbuch der systcma·
tischen Weichtierkunde. Bd. 2. ]ena.
YABE, II. and IlAYAsi, z. (1938), A Mesozoic
Unionid from Manchuria.]apan.]om·. Geol.

Geogr. Vol. 15.

Explanation of Plate 3
All figures in natural si·w.

"Plica/ormio" kwanmonensis 0TA, new species ............................................. p. i7
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.

llolotype: J{ight internal mould. (Wl. S. 5100)
Para type: Left internal mould showing hinge teeth. (WI. S. 5005)
Imperfect right internal mould. (WI. S. -1-103)
Plicatounio naktongeusis KoBAYAsm and SuzuK 1
Fig. 4. Internal moud of a right vah·e. (WI. S. 5004)
Fig. 5. A right valve. (Wl. S. 5033)
Fig. 6. Internal mould of an imperfect bivalved shell. (\Vu. K. 115)
Fig. 7. Internal mould of imperfect left val\· e. (\VI. S. 5030)
Fig. 8. Internal mould of an imperfect left valve. (\Vi. S. 5009)
Plicatormio naktongeusis mul/iplicalus SuzuKI
Fig. 9. Internal mould of a deformed imperfect left val\·e. (Wl. S. 5060)
Fig. 10. External cast of a left valw. (Wu. K. 115)
Fig. 11. Internal mould of an impcriect right valve. (Wl. S. 5034)\VI. S. :-Sengoku. Miyata-machi. Kuratc-gun. Fukuoka Prefecture, in the Lower formation ot
the Wakino subgroup.
Wu. K. :-Katsuki-machi. Yahata City. Fukuoka Prefecture, in the Upper formation of the
Wakino subgroup.
Repository :-All illustrated specimens arc kept in the Fukuoka Liberal Arts College.

OTA:

Plicatounio of the Wakino Formation

Plate 3

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 33, pp. 19-22, pl. 4, April 1, 1959

35G.

A PLEISTOCENE MARINE FAUNA FROM NEAR THE CITIES OFTSU AND YOKKAICIII, lVIIl'~ PREFECTURE, SOUTHWEST JAPAN*
YOSHIO ARAKI
Institute of Geology. Liberal Arts Department, Mic University::. il\lli!r~nfJ&LI'Jlllll r!fflilllf.i/IO)~~it#lif/1IDM'0.!m'·: =:m91!: "t'IJ:;t,;;~-'~J:~.u9J.t::ailiJJi!G!l!ffi;;c 1J: j1J!;j tl "[t • t.;: tJ• -,f,:j;!, 4-l'tl $TIL&O: J1ll81!i r!JI'#fi"t'. Ostrea (Crassostrea) gigas,
Trapezium (1\Teolrapezium) liratum, Rotalia heccarii ~1}-i:-au'~Ji~:IJ:Q;?:IJ> -,f.:;oy-c~m * ~ 11

Here the writer thanks Professor
Kotora HATAI of the Faculty of Education, Tohoku University. for his kind
guidance with regard to the present
work. Thanks are also due to-- Professors Sh6shir6 I-IANZAWA and Kiyoshi
AsANo and l\1r. Yokichi TAKAYANAGI of
the Institute of Geology and Paleontology. Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, for their encouragement in many
ways. Acknowledgements are also expressed to Mr. Hideo AKAMINE. teacherof the Kambe High School. Suzuka City,
Mie Prefecture. for his cooperation in
the field and kindly joining in discussionof problems concerning the Pleistocene
deposits of Mie Prefecture, and to teachers of the Agata Primary School,
Yokkaichi City, for calling the writer's
attention to the occurrence of fossils,
which later proved to belong to the
Pleistocene.

Introduction and Aclmowledgements

The occurrence of marine Pleistocene
deposits in ~lie Prefecture have been
hitherto known only from the Shima
Peninsula in its southeastern part (IIzuKA.
1928; 0TUKA, 1928; MATSUSHITA, 1932;
OtNOMIKAno. 1933: !\·fAKIYAMA and NAKAGAW A, 1941).
Among these authors,
MATSUSHITA and OINoMIKADO listed themolluscan fossils from Kiba, Isobe-cho.
Shima-gun. and l\lAKIYAMA and NAKAGAWA reported on the smaller foraminifers from the same locality and horizonas treated by l\IATSUSIIITA and 0INOMIKADO. With regard to the geology of
the Pleistocene deposits, IIZUKA, 0TuKA
and MATsusHITA have published accounts.
However, marine Pleistocene deposits
have not been known from areas otherthan that of the Shima Peninsula in ivlie
Prefecture. For such reasons it is thoughtthat the present discovery of marine
Pleistocene deposits from near the Cities
of Tsu and Yokkaichi may be of importance with regard to the late Cenozoic
history of 1\<Iie Prefecture. A brief account of the Pleistocene deposits newly
discovered will be reported in this article and a full description will be reserved for another opportunity.

The Pleistocene Deposits and Fauna

The Pleistocene deposits newly discovered are distributed in the environsof i'vlitachi in the western part of Yokkaichi City: Jianda. Tsu City: andKonobe, IIisai-ch6. Isshi-gun; all in Mie
Prefecture. In all of these places, thePleistocene deposits consist of massive.
bluish soft silt containing fossils asshown in Table l.

* ReceiYed June 11. 1958: read April 26,
1958.

19

Yoshio ARAI\1

20
Table I.

Fossils and their distribution.
Loca!itics

Mitachi

Handa

KonobeOstrea (Crassostrea) Jtigas TuuNOERG

')(

X

X

Tmpezium (l'•.l,•otrap,·zium) liratum (Hmo:v~:)

>~

"(

X

Fossil~Ccrithidm sp.

X-

Rotolia lwrcarii (LINNAEus)- - --- -In the environs of ~Iitachi, YokkaichiCity. the bluish silt sometimes contains
fragments of an indeterminable plant.
This silt gradually changes upwards
into the overlying sand, which is veryloose and devoid of fossils.
Everywhere the Pleistocene deposits
arc exposed. they arc found to be Ull·conformably superposed on the Pliocene Age group, which is a fresh waterlake deposit. and unconformably overlain with Terrace deposits.
The fossils are rather widespread in
the environs of r..Jitachi, \\'here they occur in a crowded assemblage measuring
about 50 em in thickness and arc. ingeneral. more or less oblique to thegeneral dip of silt. In the environs of
Tsu City the fossils also occur in a
crowded assemblage about 40 em thickand their shells are both horizontal andoblique to the general dip of the silt.
In this area. however. the fossils are
not continuous in their distribution but
pinch out within a short distance. The
molluscan shells are well preserved andoccur mostly with both valves still intact. but the original coloration of t hc:rshells is almost lost.
The shells of Ostrea gigas TnuNBERG
are interesting in that all are elongatedrather than oval or rotund in shape, andtheir test. in general is moderately thick.
Such shell types of this species arecommonly found in Matsushima Bay,

I

- -

----

><
'<
--- - - - - - ·-- - - - - -1\liyagi Prefecture, in association. particularly along the marginal portions of
the bay. with TraPezium liralttm (RF.F.vE),
forming these a typical faunal association. This same faunal association andshell types are also found in the Pleistocene deposits described above.
The shells of TraPezium /iratum (RE~:vE)
arc also well preserved and generally
occur with both valves intact and between the individuals of the mentioned
oyster. entrapped in them, or in small
patches nearby.
So far as is known of the typical assodat ion of these I wo species. it can besaid that r..Iatsushima Bay, l\liyagi Prefecture is most outstanding and remarkably similar to the ones occurring in
the Pleistocene deposits already referred
to. Thus it is thought that the environmental conditions of the two species inl\1atsushima Bay can be correlated withthose of the Pleistocene silt describedin this article.
Tentatively, that is to say, until specimens of species additional to the faunal
association mentioned in this article canbe found, the writer is inclined to cons:dcr that the faunal association fromits peculiarity as stated, may represent
a sedimentary environment cooler thanI hat of the seas bordering the present
day l\lie Prefecture. Although merely
stated to be Pleistocene in age, it isalso thought that the deposits may

356.

Pleistocene Marine Fauna from near Tsu and Yoldwiclzi

represent the early part, but as to what
portion of that part it should be referred,
is a quession reserved for further study.
Uemarl•s on the Species

Oslrea (Cmssostrea) gigas
1793

r>t. .J, Figs. la, lb.

Ostrea gigas

THUNBERG.

ToKUNAGA.

Genus Trapezium von MlJHLFEI.P, 1811
TraPezium (NeotmPezium) liratum(REEVE), 1843
Pl. •I, Figs. 2a--2f.

Genus Ostrea LJNNM:us. 1758

THUNBERG.

21

four.

Colt. Sci., Imp. Unit•. Tokyo, vo/. 21, art.
2. p. 68, pl. ''· Jigs. 5a, 5h, l!l06: NoMURA
and IIATAI, Saito Jlo-on Kai J\lus .. Res.
But/., no. 13. p. 126, pl. 18. fig. 3. 1937.

This is a common species in the present area where it occurs in the formof an oyster-reef. widespread in thel\'iitachi area, but more or less in lensshape or pinching-out elsewhere. Verylarge sized specimens are not rare, andthose measuring about 33 cm in length,
Hi em in width and 6-7 em in thicknessof intact valves are commonly found.
Ostrea gigas is a common species in
the recent seas of Japan being particularly common in North Japan, Matsushima Bay in l'vliyagi Prefecture is oneof the best known localities.
Localities and geological formation:Under the vegetable garden in the westof l\1itachi Temple, Mitachi, western partof Yokkaichi City (l\Iitachi formation);
small cliff in the paddy-field along theAi River in the northeastern part ofKonobe, llisai-cho. lsshi-gun (Konobe
formation); under the Terrace deposits
exposed near the road leading from
Handa to Hisai-cho, middle part ofHanda, Tsu City (Konobe formation). All
in Mie Prefecture.
DePository :-1\lie University.
GeoloJ.d.:al Distribution :-Known from
the Miocene to Pleistocene deposits ofmany places in japan.

Trapezium japonicum PILSBRY, HIRASE, Illusfl',
jap. Shells, pl. 21. fig. 1, 1938; II ABE, Gen.
J ap. Shells, p. 119, figs. 241-2·12, 1951.
Trapezium (Neotrapezium) liratum (REEVE).
SoLEM. Proc. .~-Ia/. Soc. L01rdon, vol. 31,
pt. 2, p. i3. pl. 6, figs. 1-3, 6, 7, 10.

This species occurs in association with
Oslrea gigas above ment ioncd. The associ at ion of TraPezium lira tum and Ostrca
gigas as observed in the Pleistocene deposits treated in this article in analogous
with that commonly seen Matsushima
Bay, l\liyagi Prefecture in North Japan.
The former species occurs embedded
between the individual valves of Ostrea,
or in the form of small patches nearby.
Besides occurring embedded between
the individuals of the oyster shells,
Trapezium liratmn is also frequently
found within the closed valves of theoyster. This shows that Trapezium lived
in the silt filling the dead oyster shells
which were forced open by the res ilium
expanding at the lime of or after deathof the oyster. However, as sedimentation continued. the oyster shell was
gradually compelled to close by theweight of the overlying sediments. whichlead to the entrapment of the Trapezium
individuals, thereby causing their death.
Thus the Trapezium individuals are wellpreserved.
According to S. SoLEM (1928), Trapezium (Neotrapezium) liratum (REEvr,;)
ranges from Hong Kong, Formosa. Ryukyu islands to both coasts of the Japanese islands. and is rather variable,
ranging from PILSBRY'S form delicatumand H1mvE's liratum to that of PJLSBRv's
japonicum. These different forms are22

Yoslzio ARAI< I

considered to represented ecologic variants by S. SoLEM (19:!8). who statesthat large specimens of liratum willreach 45 mm in length. but the averageis nearer 25-30 mm. The specimens fromthe Pleistocene l\litachi and Konobe
formations seem to be of average form.
Localities and Geological Formatio11 :Under the vegetable garden in the westof Mitachi Temple. Mitachi. westernpart of Yokkaichi City (l\Iitachi for·mation). Small cliff in the padcly·fleld
along the Ai River in the northeasternpart of Konobe, Hisai-cho. lsshi-gun(Konobe formation); under the Terrace
deposits exposed near the road leadingfrom IIanda to Hisai-cho, middle partof Handa, Tsu City (Konobe formation;;
all in Mie Prefecture. Pleistocene.
Depository :-Mie University.
Geological Distribution :-Known fromseveral areas of the Pleistocene deposits
in t.he Kanto Region, Central Japan.
Genus Cerithidea Sw AINSON, 1840

Cerithidea species indet.
Several ill-preserved specimens in theform of casts are in the collection. AI·

though they evidently belong to thegenus Cerithidca, their specific names
can not be determined until better
specimens are found.
Locality and Geological Formation:Under the vegetable garden in the westof Mitachi Temple. :\Iitachi, Westernpart of Yokkaichi City (l\litachi form·tion). Pleistocene.
DePosif01y :-Mie University.
References
lizuKA. Y. (1928). Explanatory Text of theGeological Map of Japan, Toba Sheet,scale 1: 75000. lmj>. Ceo/. Surv. Japan.
MAKIYAMA, ]. and T. NAKAGAWA (1941),
Pleistocene Foraminifera from Kiba,
Shima, Mic Prefecture. ]our. Geol. Soc.
japan, t•ol. ·18, no. 572. pp. 239-2·13.
MATSUSHITA, S. (1932). On the Pleistocene
Deposits of Kiba, Shima-gun, Mie Prefecture. Chikyu. t•ol. 18, no. 1, pp. 36-38.
OJNOMIKADO, T. (1933). On the Fossil Mollusca from the Pleistocene Deposits ofKiba, Shima, Mie Prefecture. Cllik)?l, vo/.
19. 110. /1. pp. 305-308.
OTuKA. Y. (1928), Studies on the Geography
and Geological History of the Environsof Isobe-mura, Shima, Mie Prefecture.
Geogr. Ret• .• vol. 4, pp. 175-189.

Explanation of Plate 4
Figs. la, lb. Ostrea (Crassostrea) gigas TuuNnERG. Upper (la) and lower (lb) valves of thesame individual. Loc. Under the vegetable garden in the west of Mitachi Temple,
Mitachi, western part of Yokkaichi City, Mic Prefecture. 2/5
Figs. 2a-2f. Trapezium (Ncotrapezium) liratum (REEVE). Figures of three different individuals. Loc. Same as above. Natural size

ARAEI :New Pleistocene Marine Fauna

Plate 42e

Kl!MAGAI

photq.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 33, pp. 23-32, Pl. 5, April 1, 1959

3S7.

TRIGONIIDAE. OSTRElDAE. BAI\EVELLIIDAE. PTERIIDAE.

CARDllDAE AND ASTARTIDAE FROM THE UPPER JURASSICSAKAMOTO FORMATION IN CENTRAL KYUSHU, JAPAN*

r-.IINORU TAMURA
Faculty of Education. Kumamoto University.t.$ ~,. 7 :if.W:.$:1t!!Or~&f.l.ft:P: il1$jL/1'1~)(:~}{C:)fi'tiT ~ J~.~:.;,. 7 ;vi.W:.$:1f!lr?f=.;fll:
Jt{toO)? ;, Trigoniidac (5 lll!. ? t; 2 ~f!l!). Ostrcidac (2 'l!ll. ? ; 1 Wff!ll). Bake·velliidac (1 lll!). Pteriidae (1 fi!D. Cardiidae (l ~R). &U Astartidac (6 m!. ? ; 3
ffrf!lj) IO::.'f(T~ t,O)~IT13~&L.d.:o C.O)?; Myoplwrella (Haidaia) pule.r: TAMURA, newspecies IHJJ~J: IJ JJ!<{..f.:1<:3! ~ t' <-:> :fJO)I';,tmrr.g? -rJ~111,l~{tiJ>It11~ ~ tl ~o Ul H~

The Sakamoto formation containing
the so-called Torinosu limestone is gene·rally thought Upper Jurassic. Its blackshale and limestone contain many animal
fossils. Stratigraphic results at Sakamoto are summarized in Table 1 andfossil localities shO\vn in Figs. la-c andTable 2. The horizon 5 in Table 1 is
especially fossiliferous, yielding am-monitcs. pelecypods, gastropods andechinoids. Some fossils occur in thelower or upper horizons. Aulacosphinctes
which is a guide fossil of Tithonian in
Nepal, India, South Abyssinian plateau,
Madagascar, .Mexico and Argentina(ARK ELL. 1956) was collected at Sakamoto(Loc. 'l). (See Table 2 and Figs. lb. c).
Here are described pelecypods belong-

Table 1. Stratigraphic Sequence of Sakamoto Formation-rockcoarse ss. &alt. of ss. & sh.r(ss>sh)1
fine alt. of--~ss. & sh.
(sh>ss)shtine alt. of
ss. & sh.
(sh>ss)I

thickness(m)horizonfoss ils

7

stromatoporoids & coral s from Is. pebbles in
congl. lens.

·--------62------

628

no fossil.

-5--rich in pelecypods. gast ropods. brachiopods.
ech i noids, Aulacosphincles etc.

-·

77------ ----42

I4

Is bearing sh.,3

alt. of sh.
& ss.
(sh>ss)2

one pelecypod's fragmen l only.

35

basal ss.

1

no fossil.

50

no fossil.
-Is. rich in stromatoporo iC:ls, corals and echi·
noid spines.
~ectinids a!ld other pele ~ypod5: from sh.
---·* Received Aug. 13, 1958; read Sept. 27, 1958.
23

42

24

Minoru TilMURA
Table 2. Fossil Localities (A)and Horizons (B)~ _13_j Hock~- Loc~l;tysJ fine ss- ErT.~ Shimomatsukt-tn-1-a--- -

tJ

.f!

nllage. Yatsushtro-co.

2_s_l_~

Ko;ki. -- -~--~
3
3

sh______\'i_l_l_<g~. Yatsushiro-co.

Sakamoto. Kamimatsukuma--4-~ : i- sh
5 __ 5_1
Pig. 1a.

6

7

5

san~y sh Matsuzaki,

I fine ss

lsi- sh8 __:_[_ Is
9

5

sh

10

5

sh

n

5

!

12,-5,
1

Sakamoto,

Tsunlbami;-l\utar':'igT:-.
,
vrllage.
nshikita-co.
l'utami. Yatsushiro-city.
Ohira_._ _ _ _ _ _ __sh-T,Imiu ra. Tanoura-v ilfage,Ashikita-co.

shUminoura.

~---------

ing to Trigoniidae, Ostreidac. Bakevel·liidae, Ptcriidac, Cardiidae and Astar·tidae as follows:

Fig. lb.
Sakamoto area
Fig. la: Situation of
Sakamoto area
Figs. lb. c: Fossil
localities
1-12: Sec Table 2
F: Fukuoka city
K: Kumamoto city
N: Nagasaki city
S: Sakamoto
T: Tanoura
a: Sakamoto
b: Sakamoto stationc : Hagi station

Fig. lc.
Tanoura area
d: Tsurubami
c : Kuma riverf : Futami
g: Tanoura
h: Tanoura stationi : Uminouraj : Shiranuhi sea
k: Hisatsu-line
I : Kagoshima-line

MyojJhorella (Haidaia) graci/enta KoBA 'I' ASH!
Jfyophorella (lfaidaia) Pulex TAMURA. newspeciesJlfyop/wrella (Haidaia) ohmachii T AMUR.o\.,new species
Myophorella (Promyoplwrella) a sp. indet.
Myophore/la (Promyoplwrella ?) b sp. indet.
Liostrea sp. indet.
Exogyra kumensis TAMURA, new species.
Gerz,illella ? sp.
Pteroperna sp.
Protocardia tosensis KIMURA
Astarte higoensis TAMUR.4., new species
Astarte ogawensis KIMURA
Astarte sakamotoensis TAMURA, new species!lstarte dejecta TAMURA. new species
Astarte sp. indet.
£L,tarte ? sp. aff. hermmmi OPPEL

The writer expresses his hearty
thanks to Prof. T. KoBAYAsm of the
University of Tokyo for his kind guid·357.

Upper ]umssic Pelecypods from the Sa/,mnoto Formation

ance and supervision of the manuscript
and to Messrs. I. 1-IAYAMI and A. ToKu·
YAMA for their assistances in laboratory
works.
family Trigoniidae LAMARCKIn the latter half of the Jurassic
Period, the lVIyophorellinae took the placeof the Vaugoniinae predominant in theLower Jurassic in Japan. Haidaia andPromyophorella arc subgenera of _ll,fyop/zorella \Vhich flourished in the lateJurassic Torinosu Sea (KonAY AsH I. 195G).
The crenulation on the disk is thedistinction of Haidaia from other subgenera. It is fine in Soma forms (30-50
on a costa) but coarse in Sakamoto ones
(10-:10 on a costa). Coarse forms of
Haidaia are difficult to distinguish from
Promyophore/la when the crenulation becomes coarse or turns out tubercles.
Myophorella (Promyophorella ?) b sp. issuch an example.
The Sakamoto Trigonians are similar
to those from the Torinosu group in
Sakawa basin but the similarity is not
so great as recognized in other generaof pelecypods (KIMURA, 1951, 1956) from
Sakamoto and Sakawa areas. lVIost specimens from the Sakamoto formation
belong to M. (1-l.) gracilenta which has
been reported from the Torinosu groupat Sakawa basin, although Linotrigonia
toyamai (YEHARA 1923, KIMURA 1956b, KoBAYASHI 1956) is more common in thebasin.
Genus 111yophorella BAYLE, 1878
Subgenus Haidaia CRICKMAY, em.
KonAYAsm and TAMURA, 1955

Myoplwre/la (Ilaidaia) gracilenla
KoBAYASHI
Pl. 5, Figs. 19-22.

25

1956 . .Myophorella (llaidaia) gracilenta, KoBA·
YA..<;lll. p. 4, pl. ], fig. 8.

The shell is small and costae are 1012 in number generally, though some 15
costae are countable on the holotype.
Because some Sakawa specimens also
have 10-12 costae, the writer included
the Sakamoto form in this species.
Occttrrence :-Many good internal andexternal moulds of both valves from
Locs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7. 9, 11, 12.

Mvop/wrella (l!aidaia) Pulex
T At.IURA, new species
I'l. 5. Figs. 15-18.

Description :-Shell small for genus, alittle convex, trigonal in outline; anterior
margin a little produced; umbo submesial: surface divided into three partsby internal and marginal carinae; escutcheon narrow. depressed, finely costellate
but about 5 upper coarse co;tellae each
united with a costa on disk; marginal
carina not stout and slightly tuberculate:disk ornamented \vith 8 or more crenulated costae.
Observation and Comparison :-Several
external moulds of both valves show
morphological changes through growth.
In the first stage (Fig. 2-l, Tab. 3-1)
surface is divided into areas, ante-carina!
and remaining parts of disk, except for
escutcheon. The ante-carina! part is noncrenu!atc and wide relative to the otherparts. In the next stage (Fig. 2-2, Tab.
3-2). this part becomes narrower. In thethird or the fourth stage (fig. 2-3 and2-4. Tab. 3-3 and 3-4) it becomes relatively narrow and looks like a part ofdisk. Costellae on area, in the first andsecond stages, are united to costae on
disk through the ante-carina] part. ln
the fourth stage \vherc disk has G or 7
costae, all costellae on area arc not united
to costae. From this stage, costellae

26

Minoru TAMURA

become numerous and finer. The relation is summarized in the Table 3 andFigure 2 briefly. The same relation
seen in grm:ilt:nla and olmwchii is commonly met with in llaidaia.

Fig. 2 and Tab. 3. Morphological changesof Myophorefla (Haidaia) pu/ex TAMURA
from young to adult stage.
stage
II 1 L 1 o·tac ]costae united(Fi~. 2L (mm) (mm)'_l:_s_ _ With costellac
'I

-1
2

3

~-~2 5 !_3_1_3_I
4
j ~ 4
1_4__ ·~ __ s_
5+

5+

I 7+

s

!H-

7+

5

-----1---.t

10+This is closely allied to M. (!I.)
gracilenta in ornaments. But in the latter the shell is more slender and thecrenulation on disk finer than the former(about 15 on a disk in Pulex and about
30 or more in gracilenta).
Occurrence :-Locs. 4. 11, 12 and 1\Iimikire, Sakawa basin, Shikoku.
Myoplwrel!a (Ilaidaia) olimac/iii

TAMURA, new species
Pl. 5, Figs. 23-26.

Description :-Shell trigonally ovate,tall and fairly convex; umbo anterior;anterior and ventral margins a little
rounded; posterior straight or a little
arcuate; marginal carina weak; escutcheon carina indistinct; escutcheon narrow and smooth; area depressed, its
median furrow indistinct, with coarse

transverse 5-G costellae in umbonal partand fine costellae in lower one; disk
with some 9 costae roughly crenulated
on vent raJ side upper five of which areconfluent with coste! lac of area; costae
a little tuberculose at intersection withcrenulation.
Comparison :-This species representeel by some broken casts and a bivalved
specimen which is deformed and lacks alarge part of disk. The crenulation on
the disk is not densely disposed. At aglance this is very akin to 1\Iyop!wrella(Promyoplzorel!a ?) llashimotoi KoBAYASHI(1956) from the Upper Jurassic Kurisaka
formation in Awa, Shikoku, but the latterhas a nodose sharp marginal carina andnon-costellate area. though the costae
near the umbo run into the area. In !11.
(P. ?) lwslzimoloi only a few upper costae
are crenulatcd.
Occurrence :-Locs. ll, 12.
Subgenus Promyophorella KoBAYASHI
and TAMURA, 1955
MyoPizorella (Promyop!zorella)a sp. indet.
Pl. 5, Fig. 2(.

Only anterior half of disk (GK. G 3003)
was collected by KANMERA and YAMA·
smTA of Kyushu Univ. The costae areabout 14 in number as in 1\I (P.) orienta/is
KonAYAsiii and TAMURA (1955), thoughsmall tubercles on costae are invisibleon this poorly preserved specimen. 111.
(P. ?) /zasllimotoi is another species closely related to this but the costae are lessnumerous and more deeply sculptured
in lzashimotoi than in this.
Ocwrrence :- Loc. 1.
ll1yophorella (Promyophorella ?)b sp. indet.
Pl. 5, Fig. 28.

351.

Upper Jurassic Pelecypods from tlze Sakamoto Formation

A broken external mould of left valve
and its internal mould showing disk
are in hand. A little tuberculate o ormore costae are present on disk. Theirinterspaces are very wide. This species
is probably new but specimens are verypoor.
Occurrence :-Loc. 7.
Family Ostreidae LAMARCKGenus Liostrea H. Douvu.LI~. 190-1
Liostrea sp. indet.

coiling of umbo is obscure on the internal mould. Exogyra uaua (J. SowERBY) is
widely distributed in England (ARKELL,
193~). British Somaliland (Cox, 1935),
Persia (Cox, 1936) and Cutch (Cox. 1D!i2)
from Bajocian to Portlandian and is verysmall-sized for the group. That species
closely resembles this in general characters. especially in their small size. but
in this species out! ine is less orbicularand a carina present on posterior side inthat species is absent.
Occurrence :-Loc. 6.

Pl. 5, Fig. 32.

Family Rakevelliidae KINGThe sole broken external mould of left
valve is probably referable to Liostrea s.
str. by the lack of radial ribs and concentric lamellae and llat form.
Shell medium for genus. depressed.
obliquely elongated: dorsal margin fairly
long: ligament pit present: surface irregular.
Occurrence:- Loc. 1.

Genus Gervillella L. W AAGEN, 1907

Genus Exogyra T. S.w, 1820
Exogyra kumensis TAMURA, new species
Pl. 5, Figs. 29-31.

Descriptio1l :-Shell small for genus,
suborbicular or subrectangular in outline. not so inflated for genus: attachment area in dorsa-posterior part of left
valve bounded by angulation, nearly aslarge as 1/3 of the shell surface; umbo
twisted and opisthogyrous, although its
coiling is intraceable; ligament pit triangular: surface covered with concentriclines. Internally a flat belt at mid-heightof left valve, which has numerous fineradial striae, divides inner and outerconcavity.
ComParison :~Represented by several
small internal moulds and a poorly preserved external mould of left valve. The

21

Gerville!la ? sp.
Pl. 5, Fig. 38.

Description :-Shell very small. depressed, ensiform in outline: hinge-line
straight except for a little projectedumbo which is nearly terminal: anteriorauricle very short, posterior one fairly
long, narrow, obtuse-angled at the end;
dorsal margin nearly straight: ventral alittle rounded. In left valve, two cardinalteeth below umbo small, equal-sized:
two laterals short, divergent, upper oneof which is parallel to hinge and theother parallel to the margin between theauricle and body; a few obscure ligamenta! pits on hinge margin.
Comparison :-One imperfect internalmould, which is ensiform and lacks byssal
gape, is probably referred to Gen•illella\V' AAGEN. This is small and probably does
not exceed 2 em in length. A few \veakligament pits are aligned on the hinge
margin. Gervillella siliqua (J. A. EuDEsDEsLoNGCUAMPs) from Upper jurassic of
Cutch (Cox. 19:10) closely resembles thisexcept for its anterior wing which is
sharper and longer in the former.
Occurrence :-Loc. 4.

28

Minom TAMURA
Family Pteriidae I\IEEKGenus PleroPerna MoRRis
and LvcETT, 1853
PteroPema sp.
Pl. 5, Figs. 39. 40.

Description :-Shell small sized (length:
12 mm. height: 6 mm), inequilateral.
moderately convex, pteriform in outline: both extremities winged: anterior wing short. acute-angled and a fourth
as long as posterior one; umbo prosogy·
rate. a little projected beyond hinge-line.
su lea ted below posterior wing: bodyslightly inllated and expanded posteroventrally; ventral margin rounded. The
details of the cardinal area unknown but
a long, fairly deep groove is known toexist along hinge-line. Surface ornamented with concentric lines.
Comparison :-l\n internal and external mould of a left valve show Pteropema, not only from their external
aspects but also from a groove whichruns along posterior hinge margin. although the characteristic parallel denticles can not be seen below the umbo.
Pteroperna sp. from Divesian of Cutch
by Cox (1940) somewhat resembles thisform, but the anterior wing of theformer is long if compared to anterior
one. Pleropema? sp. by IMLAY (1945) fromthe jurassic Cotton Valley formation in
Louisiana closely resembles this form,
but their detailed characters arc unknown.
Occurre11ce :-Loc. 4.

Family Cardiidae LAMARCKGenus Prolor:ardia lh~YRICH, 1845
Prolocanlitt losensis K1 MURA
Pl. 5, Fig~. 33-37.

1956b. Prolocardia losensis. KIMURA, p. 88, pl.
l. fig. l•l.

Descriptinn.·-Shell medium for genus,
subequilateral. inllated, more or lesstrapeziform and longer than high; test
thin: umbo inf1ated. nearly mesial, incurved. slightly prosogyrate and projected beyond hinge margin which is fairly
long and straight: lateral margins nearlystraight: posterior one oblique; ventral
margin slightly rounded: carina distinct;
anterior carina very obscure; both lateralside. especially posterior side. depressed:
surface covered by regular and fineconcentric lines. about 20 radial ribs inposterior side including also a little
anterior part of carina: hinge characteristic of Cardiidac.
Comparison :--In the tq)ical form from
Sakawa basin the shell is more in{)ated
and the situation of umbo lies a little
posterior to center. KIMURA counted 9
radial ribs in posterior side of theinternal mould. In the Sakamoto form
radial ribs are also seen on the ventral
side in the antecarinal part.
Two species of Prolncardia by VoGEL(1896) from Upper ? juras<>ic of Borneo
resemble this species. P. tenuicosta has
peculiar interspace's ornament of concentric lamellae; P. mttltiformis has 7-10
radial ribs on posterior side.
Occurrence :-Loc. 4.

Family Astartidae GRAY
Genus A.slarte J. SowF.ImY, 1816
Astarte higoensis TAMURA, new species
Pl. 5, Figs. 11-12.

Description :-Shell small to medium
for genus, moderately depressed, slightly
inequilateral. elongated and more or lessrectangular in outline, longer than high;ventral margin nearly straight; anterior
and posterior margins a little rounded;357.

Upper Jurassic Pelecypods from the Salwmoto Formation

umbo not prominent. forming about 120'
apical angle. situated anterior or medialfrom the anterior encl. prosogyrate;
lunule indistinct: surface ornamented
with very line concentric ribs internal
margin crcnulatc: one triangular cardi·
nal tooth and a narrow anterior andposterior lateral tooth in right valve.
Jl1easurements :holotype

L
20mm
15

H
15mm
12

29

Description :-Shell small for genus, alittle depressed, inequilateral. elongatedsubrectangular. much longer than high:umbo prosogyrate. not inflated. sit uatcd
about 1/3 length from anterior end;
anterior margin more or less terminated;postero·dorsal margin longer than anteri·or; both margins a little arcuated;posterior and ventral margins a little
rounded; surface ornamented with 5-6
edged concentric ribs; internal margin
crcnulate.
11feasuremeuts :-Ohsl'rzoation rtll!l Comparison :-Three
specimens of internal and externalmoulds of right valves at hand arc com·paratively well preserved. Height ·s
ratio to length is a little yariable:umbonal position medial or a little
posterior. The depressed and elongated·rectangular iorm. indistinct umbo andlunule are characteristics of this species.
Astarte kmnbarensis Kn1uRA is inflated
and easily distinguishable from thisspecies.
Occurrence :-Locs. 4. 6.
Astarte ogmccnsis 1\ r M u1~ A
I' I. 5. Figs. 8-10.

1956b. Astarte ogau:eusis KIMURA. p. 86. pl. l.
fig. 9.

Many external and internal moulds
of both valves are at hand. This species
is small in size and variable in convexity
but fairly convex in general.
Occurrence :-This is one of the mostcommon species in the Sakamoto formation. especially in the western half (Locs.
1, 6, 9. 11, 12.) of the area.
Astarte salwmotoensis TAMURA.
new species
Pl. 5. Figs. 1-3.

holotypc

L
12mm

H
Smm

!l
9 ?

6

5 ?

Observation and Comparison :-This species is represented by a few internaland external moulds of right valves. The
concentric ribs are characteristic of thisspecies. A. ogmcensis and A dejecta. These
ribs are impressed internally but feeble
in the umbonal part. In the internalmould (Pl. 5, fig. 1), the lunule isdeeply excavated.
This species is intimately related to A
ogatl'ensis in concentric sculpture but its
depressed :1nd elongated form is easily
distinguishable from the latter. Astarte(Coelastarte) cf. A. mlliieri P. oE LoRIOL(Pl. 40. Fig. !1, IMLAY, 1945) resembles the
specimen. But the number of ribs is 813 in the former.
Occurrence :-Locs. 4. G. 9.
Astarte dejecta TAMURA, new species
Pl. 5, Figs. 4-7.

Description :-Shell small for genus.
depressed strongly, subequilateral. or·bicular in outline: height nearly equal
to length: umbo prosogyratc. situatedslightly anterjor to median; apical angle

Minom T1IMURA

30

about 90" ; postero-dorsal margin nearlystraight or a I it tie rounded; antero-dorsal
margin a I ittle excavated; ventral marginsemi-circular; surface ornamented with
about 5 concentric ribs on upper part;
sculpture fading away in lower part
where line growth-lines are distinct;
internal margin crenulate: strong trigonal tooth in left and two cardinals inright valve, one posterior lateral in rightvalve.

1lfeasurements :holotypc

L: 9mmli: 10 mm

ComParison:- This is represented only by an internal mould of a left valve
but fragmentary shells arc attached on
the ventral side of the specimen.
ll.stmte higqensis is similar to this in
shape but the latter is more inflated andhas a more inflated umbo than the latter.
The inflated umbo and elongated shapeof this easily distinguish this from A.
kambanmsis KtMURA in the Torinosu
group in the Sakawa basin.
Occurrence :-Lac. 6.

H: 10 mmObserNttion and Comparison:- This isrepresented by two internal moulds andan external mould. Nearly upper halfof the surface is ornamented with thesame elevated ribs as in A. oguwe11sisand ll. salwmotoensis.
This closely resembles A. ogazc•ensis
except for its depressed form and surface
ornaments. A. willoni fvloRRIS and LYCETT(1853) resembles this species but its concentric ribs arc liner. !1. subsenecta YABE
and NAGAo from Sanchu-graben (1926) isalike to this species, but the former's
concentric ribs arc finer than the latter's
and are limited to umbonal part.
Occurrence :-Locs. l, 6, 12.
Astarte sp.
Pl. 5, Fig. 13.

DescriPtion :-Shell small, inequilater·al, fairly convex, elongated-ovate in out·
line. longer than high; ventral marginrounded: umbo fairly inflated, prosogy·rate, situated anterior to median: lunule
small and shallow; surface with finenumerous concentric ribs; internal mar·gin crenulatc; hinge typical of thegenus.
k!easurements:-

L: 13mmAstarte? sp. aff. hermanni OPPEL
Pl. 5, Fig. 1·1.

One external mould of the left valve(length: 31 mm, height: 2fi mm) in finesandstone at Tsurubami may be allied to
Astarte hermmmi OPPEL from the Spiti
Shale (HoLnHAus, 1913), because of its
external resemblances.
Shell medium for genus, moderately
inflated. inequilateral. ovate and longer
than high~ umbo situated I /fi-1/6 lengthfrom anterior end, prosogyrat c; posterior
and ventral margins rounded ; anterior
margin short and arcuate; lunule distinct and deep~ surface ornamented withnumerous concentric striae.
This is relatively large, though mostAstartidae from the Sakamoto formation
are small. Compared to the Sakamoto
form, the lunule is smaller and escutcheon more distinct in the Spiti form.
Occurrence :-Lac. 6.
References eitedW.]. (1929-31). A Monograph of the
British Corallian Lamellibranchia. Pa/ae·
Oil/gr. Soc. London.
- - (19S6), .Jura~sic Gcologr of the World
Olil·er & Boyd, London.
Cox, L. R. (l!J35). jurassic Gastropoda and
ARKELL,357.

Upper jurassic Pelecypods from the Sakamoto Formation

Lamellibranchia. The Geology and Palae·
ontology of British Somaliland. Loudo11.
- - (1936), Fossil Mollusca from Southern
Persia (Iran) and Bahrein Island. Palae·
out. Iudica, N. S .. Vol. 22, A/em. No. 2.
- - (1940, 52). The Jurassic Lamellibranch
Fauna of Cutch (Kuchh), No. 2 & 3. Ibid.
Ser. 9, Vol. 3, Pts. 3 & 4.
- - (1952), Notes on the Trigoniidae. with
Outline of a Classification of the Family.
Proc. ,\lalacol. Soc. Loudon. Vol. 29.
HoLDHAUs, M. (1913). Fauna of the Spiti
Shale (Lamellibranchiata and Gastro·poda). Palaeont. Indica. Ser. l:J. Vol. 4.
Pt. 2. No.4.
IMLAY, H. W. (19-15). Jurassic Fossib fromthe Southern States, No.2. jour. Paleont ..
Vol. 19, No. 3.
KIMURA, T. (1951), Some Pectinid and a
Limid from the jurassic Torinosu Groupin Japan. ]our. Htc. Sci .. Uuit•. Tokyo, Sec.
2, Vol. 7.
- - (1956a), The Torinosu Group and Torinosu limestone in the Togano and Go
Basins, Kochi Pref. jour. Ceo/. Soc. Japan.,Vol. 62.
- - (1956b), Some Pelecypods from the Upper
jurassic Torinosu Group in Kochi Pref L'Cture, Japan. jour. Earth Sci .. Nagoya
Unit• .. Vol. 1, No. 2.

:n

KoBAYASHI, T. (1956), Some Jurassic Tri·gonians from Central and West Japan.
Studies on the Jurassic Trigonians inJapan. Pt. 5. japan. jour. Ceo/. Geogr .. Vol.
27, No. 1.
- - (1957). A Trigonian Faunule from Min·
doro in the Philippine Islands. jour. Fac.
Sci., Unil•. Tokyo, Sec. 2, Vol. 10, Pl. 3.
--and TAMURA, 11. (1955), The l\lyophorel·linae from North japan. Studies on theJurassic Trigonians in Japan, 4. japan.
]our. Ceo/. Ceogr., l'o/. 26, Nos. 1-2.
MoRRIS, j. and LYCETT, ]. (1853), Mollusca
from the Great Oolite. Palaeonlgr. Soc.
London.
0HMACHT. S. (1938), Stratigraphy and Struc·ture of the Yatsushiro Mesozoic area.
]our. Ceo!. Soc. japan, l'ol. 15.
VoGEL. F. (1896), Mollusken aus dem Jura
von Borneo. Samml. Geol. Reichs-J1!us.
Leiden. Ser. 1, Hd. 5.
YABE. I-1. and NAGAO, T. (1926), Cretaceous
Mollusca from the Sanchu-graben in the
Kwanto Mountainland, japan. Sci. Rep ..
Tohoku Imp. Unit•., Sellllai, japan. Ser. 2,·vot. 9.
YEHARA, S. (1938), Cretaceous Trigoniae fromSouthwestern japan. Japan jour. Geol.
Geogi'., Vol. 2.

--------------------

Explanation of Plate 5
Astarte salwmotocnsis TAMURA, new species
Fig. 1. Internal mould of a right valve; side \·iew; Loc. 2. X2.5. (MM 2977).
Figs. 2, 3. Plaster cast of the external mould and the internal mould of the holotype
right valve; side view; Loc. 9. x2.5. (l'v1l\I 2976).
rlstarte defecla TAMURA, new species
Fig. ·1. Clay cast of the external mould of the holotype right val\·e; side view; Loc. 12.
x2.5. (MM 2978).
Figs. 5, 6. Clay casts of the external and internal moulds of a left vah·e; side view;Loc. 1. X2.5. (MM 2979).
Fig. 7. Clay cast of the external mould of a left valve; side view; Loc. 6. x 2. (MM 2980).
Astarte ogmcensis Kil\IURA
Fig. 8. Clay ca~t uf the external mould of a left valve: side view; Luc. 12. x 2.5. (MM 2981).
Fig. 9. Plaster cast of the external mould of a left \-alve; side view; Loc. 12. x2.5. (MM2982).
Fig. 10. Internal mould of a right vah·e; side view; Loc. 12 :<2!1. (M:\1 2!JI!:l).
Astarte higocnsis TAMURA, new species
Figs. Ll, 12. PlastL'r cast of the external mould and internal mould of the holotype left
valve; side view; Loc. 6. X 1. (MM 2986).

Minom TA!I!URA
Astarte sp.
Fig. 13. Internal mould of a left valve: side view; Loc. 6. xI. (MM 2986).
Astarte ? sp. aff. hermamzi OPPEL
Fig. 14. Plaster cast of the external mould of a left valve; side view; Loc. 6. x 1. (!'viM2987).
M.wPiwref/a (llaidaia) pulex TAMURA, new species
Fig. 15. l'vfodeling cast of the external mould of the holotype left valve; side view; Loc.
4. X 5. (1\11\I 2988).
Figs. 16-18. Modeling casts of external moulds of right valves; side view; Loc. '1. x5.
(MM 2989, 2990, 2991).
Myoplzorella (Haidaia) gracilenta KonAY ASH!
Fig. 19. Modeling cast of the external mould of a left valve; side view; Loc. 6. x 5.
(MM 29~J3).
fig. 20. Modeling cast of the external mould of a right valve; !;ide view; Loc. 6. x5.
(1\IM 299·1).
fig. 21. Clay cast of the external mould of a left \'alve; side \'iew; Loc. 6. X2. (1\IM 2995).
Fig. 22. Internal mould of a right valve; side view; Loc. 6. x5. (MM 2996).
Myoplzorella (Haidaia) olzmachii TAMUllA, new species
Fig. 23. Internal mould of a left valve; side view; Loc. 11. X 2. (MM 2997).
Figs. 24. 25. Internal mould and a posterior part of the external mould of the holotype
shell; anterior view (Fig. 2·1) and areal view (fig. 25); Loc. 12. x2. (MM 2998).
Fig. 26. Modeling cast of the external mould of a left valve; side view; Loc. ll. X2.
(MM 2999).
Myoplzorella (Promyoplwrella) a sp.
Fig. 2i. Modeling cast of the broken external mould of a right vah•e; showing anterior
half of disk; Loc. 1. X 1. (GK. G. 3003)
i\f,•oplzorella (PromyojJ/zorella?) b sp.
Fig. 28. Modeling cast of the external mould of a right \'alve; side view; Loc. 7. x2.
(1IM 3002).
Exogyra kume11sis TAMURA, new species
Figs. 29-31. Internal moulds of left YaiYes (holotype: Fig. 29): side view; Loc. 6. X2.
(MM 30113. 3004. 3005).
Lios/rea sp.
Fig. 32. Clay cast of the broken external mould of a left valve; showing anterior part,Loc. 1. xl. (MM 3006).
Pro/acardia tose11sis KIMURA
Fig. 33. Internal mould of a right valve: side \'iew showing hinge part; Loc. 4. x 1.
(MM aoo7).
Figs. 34, 35. Clay casts of the external and i nlernal moulds of a left \'alve: showing
posterior part (Fig. 35) and side view (Fig. 31); Loc. 4. X 1. (MM 3008).
Fig. 36. Internal mould of a right valve: side view: Loc. ·!. xl. (Ml\I 3009).
Fig. 37. Internal mould of a left valve: side view; Loc. 4. xl. (MM 3010).
Gen·i/lel/a ? sp.
Fig. 38. Internal mould of a right valve: side view: Loc. 4. x2. (MM 3011).
l'tempcrna sp.
Figs. 39. 40. Internal mould and clay cast of external mould of a left valve: side view:Loc. ,l. X2. (MM 3012).
Photographed by UEKI (Figs. 19, 20, 22, 2i, 28), KANMERA (Figs. 15-18) and the writer(others). All specimens here described except for Fig. 27 are kept in Geological Institute,
University of Tokyo.

T AMURA:

Upper Jurassic Pelecypods

Plate 5

Trans. Pruc. Palaeunt. Sue. japan, N. S., No. 33, pp. 33-43, i\pril l, 1959

358.

ON SOME CARBONIFEROUS CORALS FROM
THE KlTAKAMI MOUNTAINS*
MAKOTO KATO

Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Faculty of Science,
Hokkaido University~t t!lJ:Il!!:!ff'EJ:k*C!f!UJYlO)tn ~ '& 0)11:-?l '"L: ffi$~tJ::tlt.tt!JimO)l:J.r:O)'fif.J<tcJl!l:lmJ4 f;ll~~
~~u~,

rom

Tschussol'skenia? takedai, n. sp. !L\T~f;!1:<\iJIHiilf:tlnfliJif~ .I !fUR~flVffuJ!M;Id/LI: IJ If\:
tan:. Wfflll t ~ tL G~·t ~, t,a;. STucKENRERG Jr;<i.>,l',l;:tt t:. .. Fischeriua" ),!Jl!<::.-?t '"LO.>~=fO)~'ff-~fj -Jt:.,
2) Dibunophyllum bipartitum konincki (EDWARDS & IIAJME) tFHI~:.kJiU.ftHil:lltilliiiiJ
I)~if\;f*fiRI<:iJ,., ~~~O)~.@t'tJ: I) tiH\!.~ill>R~!.f.!O".> b 0),

3) Dibunophyllum cf. asiaticum !\II NATO ll'ilt <mllllJ~j.L0".>7lti-Lt!tJ: IJ :h1)~#2!if..!I;I<:J: ~'LtiU;f~tltLt:.t,O)-r:'. iJ·-:>T Clisa:rophyllum sp. cL.T~j};~ftt.:cco)J?i5bOYCJ?
~0<1)

Amygdalophyllum sp. a IPliiiT:ki':tO) I] ~ln£1t.t I) Wi::4.:1f{l!\;ll::J: -J T~W ~ ~~ t:. t 0)1:. ~iJ: Asp. a cll:J'A.J:.'i,O)l::JUJ}t::~t't9o CO)f!l\0)11£1lllrol\liliCtl:tL':.:f~!'t<:',YJ-:>t.:iJ:,~:-$:B.:IC.J: ~L lltl'illi*ff"(.'tni.:l C cb:biJ,I). fJ>-?Y._, CO)fli!li .4mygda/ophyllum ~Q)~-r:t,•t&~O)tO)t~~Gn~.
au~~~~9tc.~·, ~)-c, l'!'l*~nt'ft'o)/iJf~rc.~:t. Gnt.: Lac-=~~i)ii1JJ'l.@l<:k4G. xa~•

fli~-i·ll&\-:. l.·~' M't!intmr;rc)(JL.f;\<~~~Lr111..-J·.!t. ~"

JJII

11*

~

Carboniferous species. This form wasonce collected from the Middle Carboni·ferous :\agaiwa series by l\{r. T. KAKJMI,
at present a member of the Geological
Survey of japan.
The third one must be referable to Di·
bunophy/lum asiaticum M1NATO, although
this may be the same specimen once
listed by l\ltNATo and others as Clisaxo·
p/iyf!tml sp. in the former paper (1953).
According to l\ItNATo, this specimen also
belongs to the collection of l\ir. T. KAKJ·
Mr from the Onimaru series at its type
locality.
The fourth coral is certainly assigna·
ble to genu..; Amygda!ophyllum. but spe·cifically indeterminable at the present
moment owing to the ill preservationof the material. The specimens treatedby the writer in this paper belong to
the collection of Mr. T. HAsHIMoTO.
According to HAsmMoTo. these were

In the present paper. the writer proposes to describe four Carboniferous
rugose corals which have been collectedfrom the southern Kitakami mountains,
north -Ntst ] a pan by gent Iemen who
were formerly undergraduate students
of 1-lokkaido University.
Of the four the first one may be a new
species possibly belonging to the genus
TsclmssotJs!?ellia DonROLYUBo\· A.
Thisform was found unexpectedly in thecollect ion of l\lr. H. TAKmJA, who broughtback the specimen from an outcrop of
Onimaru limestone at Takanosu. This
one is now called Tsclmssovskenia? take·dai.
The second form is a species belonging
to the genus Dibunophyllum and seems
to be comparable with Dibu11ophyllum biPartitum koninclli, a well known British* Rccci ved July 29, HJ58; read Sept. 27, 1958.
33

Makoto K11TO
collected by him from the same locality
as that from which !VhNATo once described the same species. The exact horizon of this coral is not certain, but
may be the lowest part of the Etrocungtian Hikoroichi series.
The three species except for the lastform should be regarded to have many
similarities with those species in Europe.
At least such types of rugose corals as
Tschussm•skl'llia ? talledai and Dibunophyllum biparlilum konincki ha\'e not beenrecorded from Asia yet.
Before going into description, the writer wishes to express his hearty thanks tothose gentlemen who kindly offered
their materials for the writer's study.
lie is also very much indebted to Profes·
sor M1NATO oi llokkaido University forreading the paper in manuscript.
I )escription

Note on ' Fisclzrri11a' STuCKENBERG, 190:1
The genus Fisclzeriwt was proposed by
STuctwNuEu<; in 19tl4. Fisrl1erina rossica
STuctn:NIIERG as the genotype which was
brought from the Lo\\-er Carboniferousof Wychnij·Wolotschek in Centr;-tl Hussia.
Diagnosis made by STtTCKENBERG follows;. Die zusammengesetzen PolypensWcke
dieser Gat tung bestehen aus \Yenigen
Zellen. 1\lir hat ein solcher vorgelegen.
der nur aus zwei mit den \Yande zusam·
mcngcwachsenen Zellen ,-on unregelmassig prismatischer Form zusammengesetzt
war. Die Stern leisten zerfallen in zwei
Ordnungcn. Innerhalb der Zelle lassensich drei Zonen unterscheiden. Die peripherische ist von Endothecalgewewe ein·genommcn, die mittlere von Boden, dieauch in die Centralzonc iibergreifen. In
der letzeren erblickt man ausser diesensind und sich nicht im Centrum derZelle schneiden. Die kriiftiger entwickclten Septa reichen his zur Centralzone,
die schw~ichern aber iiber schreiten die
Grenzen der peripherischcn Zone nicht.,
STucKF.NilERG's diagnosis seems to be
somewhat insufficient to cl ist i nguish definitely his genus from the allied genera.
and the writer is now going to offer abrief discussion on · Fisdwriua.'
Following SnJCKENBEilG, PERNA (1923)
described a coral from the upper Lower
Carboniferous of eastern slope of south
Ural. and she assigned it to Fischerinarossica with some doubt. But she did
not give any illustration for her specimens. The writer now holds a viewthat on Lhe basis of her description.
her specimens would be better considereel to be a small variety of STuCKENBERG'S species.
REED (1929) also assigned some fas·
ciculate corals found in Carboniferous in
Yunnan inlo Fischerina ?, although hetreated Fischeriua as the subgenus of
Cya tlwp!lyllum.
c_,•athojJ/iyllum (Fisclwrina ?)insolitum R1m11
C_wr!llojJhy//nm ( Fisc/l('rina ?)solilari11111 Rtmn
According to I~EED. his two forms possess long minor septa besides major septaof these two species arc so long that they
unite with each other at the center ofcorallite and this structure apparently
represents a type of some axial structure but this does not represent a truecolumella. So, those two forms must be
excluded from Fisclzerina S..-ucKENHERG.
GoRsKY (193!1) described Lophophy!lum
l'acuum from the upper Visean or slightly higher horizon than that developingin Novaya Zeml~·a. This species seems
to the present writer to have some similarity with the genotype of' F'isclzerina '.
As GoRsKY already stated, it is not certain whether his species may be fas-358.

Carboniferous Corals from the Kitalwmi Mouutains

ciculate or solitary. But at any rate, thestructure of the corallitc is quite liketo species of Fischerina.
DonRoLYUII<>VA (19:1G) accepted STUCKEN·nERG's genus Fischerina. and described
one coral under I he name of Fisclzerina
stuclwnher~i from the !\/Iiddle Carboniferous of the Norl h Ural region.
LANG, SMITII and TnoMAs (19-tO) statedthat the generic name of Fisclzerina waspreoccupied hy a foraminiferal genus
Fisclzerina TERQUEM, 1878, further they
considcrcd · Fisl'lierina · S'i ucKENBERG to
be synonymous with genus Litlzostrofion
ISellSU !ato).
After having carefully reviewed thevalidity of I he genus · Fisclzerina ·. HILL
(1938, 19M\) concludf'd that the so-called
Fisclzerina may be synonymous withgenus Com•r•nia SMITH and RYDER. Verv
recent I y, however, she (1 956) has revised
her former view and stated belief inthe possi hie synonymy between ' Fisc/1!'rina · and Lilhostrotion (sensu lato) as
LANG. S:~.HTII and Tuo~tAs once held.
But the writer can hard!~· follow theformer view which was held by them.
· Fisclzerina · should be a fasciculate
coral with herringbone dissepiments andweak axial structure. This is quite certain according to the original diagnosis
and illustration given by STucKE:>~BERG.
Hence. • Fisclwrina · must be definitely
distinguishable from Lithostrotion (sensulato) which possesses concentric dissepiments in cross sect ion and has typicallya styliform columella.
In concern to the clisiophylloid natureof dissepimcnts arrnaged in herringbone
pattern taken in conjunction with thefasciculate nature of corallum, ·Fischerina· rem i nels one of genus Concenia.
But in Concruirt, the axial structure israther re~ularly constructed in cobweb
shape, and it is stout even in such primitive form as Conce11ia Mga Sr-nTn and:15

RYDER. On the contrary, in 'Fisc/im-ina'
the axial structure is weak, irregularand sometimes vertically discontinuous.
In view of such consideration the writerdoes not consider · Fischerina · to besynonymous with true Corwenia.
Further genl.ls Koninclwp!Jy!lum TnoMso:-~ & NicHoLsoN seems to show resemblance to · Fischerina ·. but 'Fisclzerina'
provides no distinct fossulae and its
dissepimentarium is not so widely developed as in Koninckop/zy/lum. In Koninc/wplzyllum. minor septa arc usually welldeveloped and columella is rather simply
constructed, while minor septa usually
degenerate and the columella is irregularly constructed in ' Fisdzerina ·. So,· Fischerina · is also distinguishable from
Kon inclwphy/!um.
Neolwninclwpllyl/um FoMrcur-:v seems
to have been not well accepted amongpalacontologists; it is rather resemblant
to Koninckof>llyflum. Anyhow Neolwninckophyllum is closely like · Fisclzerina' inrespect to the nature of weak columella
and dissepimcnts, but the former IS
considered to be solitary.
Genus Sty!astraea LoNsPAI.E seems to
be another ally to the genus· Fischerina ·the former of which has minor septa ill
developed. and inosculating dissepiments.
The dissepimentarium is very narrow.
columella is weak. sometimes verticallydiscontinuous. So. Stylaslraea may hequite similar to 'Fisclzerina · in thefundamental construct ion of the corallites excepting for the ccrioid nature of
the former genus.
On the other hand. Tsclzussovsl?euia
DonROLYunovA shows much more similarity to 'Fisc/zeri11a · SnJCt<ENBERG thanany other allied genera. Tsclmssol!skenia
is represented by some corals in which
each comllite does not show any constant characters either in the nature ofcolumelh~ or in dissepiments; one has

3(}Malwta KA TO

herringbone dissepiments in parts andanother has rather conce:1tric dissepiments: besides some other type partiallylacks dissepiments even though they
may reach the adult stage. The columella is also very variable in construction, and furl11er. all the skeletal elements are rather thickly constructed atleast in most corallites of this species.
Since the generic name · Fischerina
SnrcKENRERG' was already abandoned
for the reason of homonymy. it cannot
longer be employed. And if the genus'Fischerina · might be considered to bevalid, a new generic name should beapplied to it.
DoBROLYunovA once accepted ·Fischerina,' but she also stated that there isa morphological gradation from 'Fischerina· stuckenbergi to Tscltussovskenia
capitosa through Tsclwsso1•shenia vesiculosa. Both genera are so variablt> intheir internal characters that they arc
differentiated with difiiculty in detaiL
alth.ough forms oi · Fisclwrina · have large
corallites and comparatively regular. andmore compl icatecl internal charactersthan those in forms of TsdmssoL'skenia.
So here the writer wishes to treat
forms of ' Fischerina · STuCKENBERG under
the genus Tsc/Jusso!•s!?enia. postponing
the final settlement of the validity of'Fischerina ·. instead of using the trivialname of 'Fischerinrt '.
Tschussot!skenia ? tal~edai sp. nov.
Text-figs. 1-ti.

Corallum compound, fasciculate (inferred). Corallite cylindrical. straight or
curved, weakly and irregularly aggregated. so both transverse and longitudinal sections of the coralliles are often
seen in one thin section. Corallites apartfrom each other as far as their diameters,
but sometimes in contact. Corallites may

be round in correctly cut transverse
section, attaining about 0.8 to 1.5 em indiameter. and clearly differentiated internally into three parts. namely dissepimental, tabulate and axial. Epitheca
moderately thick. Septa short and in
one order. Minor septa almost lacking,but may be present although they arevery rare and very rudimentary. Major
septa straight, fall short of the centerof corallite, attain about one-third of the
racli us of coral! it e. Then, a considerable
space is found around the axial structure
in cross section. The numbers of septa
and the diameters of different corallites
are the follmving :27 major septa ....... in 12.5 mm
25 or 26 . . . . . . . . .
lO.!i
32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.0

27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15.0

Major septa often dilate in tabularium,
and when dilation may occur. the inner
margin of the dissepimentarium makes
a slereotheca. Dissepimentarium rather
narro\\., where two or sometimes many
more rows of dissepiments arc arranged
in herringbone pattern in cross section.
Axial structure rather simple and per·sistent. 1\fedian plate is discernible insome coral lites but distinct septal lamellae and axial tabellae are not differentiated in any case. Sometimes, axial
structure seems to be massiYe, taking
irregular shape in cross section. In ob·lique section, dissepiments rather irregular in shape and in two or more rows.
their convex sides being faced upwards
and inwards. Tabulae usually flat domedin shape and complete; their outer margins bent downwards and in contact withthe clissepimentarium. In the middle.
tabulae gently arise to the axial structure. But, in one tangential section,
steeply elevated conical tabulae are seen.
Tabulae rather distantly disposed judg-

358. Carboniferous Corals from the Kitalwmi i\!Immtains

37

Text-figs. l-6: Tsclmsso1:skenia ? takcdai. sp. nov.
I. cross section:
2. oblique section;
3. oblique section: 4. oblique section;
5. oblique section: 6. oblique section.
(all figures three times natural size.)

ing from the oblique sections. Axial
structure is platy and persistent.
Remarks :-So far as the writer Is
aware. in thin sections there is no indication of the possession of any connecting process or new bud in corallites ofthe present specimens. Most corallites
are apart from each other but sometimes
irregularly aggregated. The feature reminds one of some forms formerly described by DonROLYunovA (1936) and GoRsKY (1935) under the names · Fisclzerina '38

Makoto K1TO

sluckenb,~rgi and · Lop!wphyllum · NTcuum.
So, a slight doubt is still left in respect
to the form of corallum of the present
Japanese specimens. The writer is not
sure whether the species now Ill concern
should be considered as a fasciculate
form or originally simple forms which
are accidentally aggregated. If many
simple corallites are found in aggregation in a small piece of rock, sometimes
they may be misunderstood as to be
fasciculate. If the latter is the case,the present form can not be consideredsynonymous with any other species everknown.
The characteristic features of the pre·sent form are as follows:1. minor septa nearly lacking
2. rather constant simple axial struc·ture
3. intra! hecal d i!at ion oi major st:pta-1. typical herringbone dissepimcnts'Lop!wphyllum · vacuum GoRsKY resem·
bles the presc'nt one, but differ:; fromthe latter in having larger corallites,
less numerous septa and more compli·
cated axial structure than are to befound in the pr~sent Japanese form.
'Fischeri11a · stuclwnbergi DonRor.nmovA
is most nearly allied to the present form.
According to DosRor.vunovA however,her species is quite variable in skeletal
elements. She illustrated two types ofcorallites in her paper. which types are
so different from each other that one
may be apt to consider them not to beconspecific as she admitted. One typehas a small corallite in which minor
septa well develop: no dilation is obser·
vable in tabularium. Tabulae rat her
complete; dissepiments are few. andcolumella is irregularly and weakly
constructed.
While the opposite is the condition inother individuals which have corallite
much larger with minor septa rudi·

mentary; tabulal' arc incomplete. Besides
in this individual dilation is perceived
in tabularium. dissepimentarium is com·paratively thick and the columelle iscontinuous, rather persistent and rather
regularly constructed.
Generally speaking the japanese form
now under discussion seems to have anintermediate nature bet ween those twoforms described and illustrated by
DoHROLYunovA. It resembles the first
type especially in respect to the mor·
phological nature observed in longitudi·
nal section, while it shows almost similar
aspect to the second type in respect tothe cross section. Accordingly the pre·sent writer was once inclined to regard
the japanese form to be conspecific with
'Fischerina' stucltenbergi DoHROLYUBovA.
However. the internal character of thepresent form is rather more constant than
Russian species: even though some Rus·
sian individual shows some resemblance
to the Japanese form in cross section,
the former is quite different in the natureof the longitudinal section from theJapanese one. If there may be someindividuals closely allied to the Japanese
form in regard to the longitudinal characters, they arc quite distinct from theJapanese form in respect to the natureshown by cross section.
So, the writer is now of the opinion
that the difference between I he Japaneseand the Russian forms is rather greaterthan he once supposed. Further theJapanese form was collected from the
Onimaru series, upper Visean in age,then it is surely older than the Russian
form. The geographical remoteness he·tween the Japanese representative andthe Russian one should be also viewed
as important in determining the species.
So. the Japanese form should prefera·
bly be called by a different name than
Russian species; the writer wishes to358.

Carboniferous Corals from t!te Kitakami Mountains

propose a new specific name, · Tsclwssovslwllitt? tal~edai' for it.
GeolV!.;ical lwrizon :-Onimaru ::;cries.
Locality :-Middle course of Takanosuzawa. Surnita-cho, Iwate Prefecture.
Collector :-ll. Takeda.
Registration numbers :-1Ti68, 17777
Genus Dibunophyllum N ICHoi.soN& TuoMsoN, 1876
Dibunophyllum cf. bipartitum koninckitEnw ARDS & IIAnm)
Tcxt·tigure 7
Compare with:Dibtmopltyllum bipartitum
lumincki, Jlu.l.. Ul38: pp. 75-78, pl. 1, fig.
~0; pl. 2; tigs. 7-13.

Corallum simple, large, attaining ~~mm in shorter diameter. Epitheca
moderately thick and smooth on its
outer surface in oblique section. rviajor
septa rather flexuous, moderately thickened by stereoplasmic deposits throughout their length, numbering 48, and

Text-fig. 7
Dibunophyllum d. bipartilum konincki(EDWARDS & I-IAIME) (X 2):3\lmost of them so directly unite with theseptal lamellae that axial column ishardly differentiated from tabularium.
1Vlinor septa nearly absent. but sometimes present although they are very
rudimentary in development.
Dissepimentarium broad. consists ofmany rows of herringbone disscpiments
which turn into pseudoherringbone pattern when minor septa develop ncar by
the epitheca. Dissepimcnts arc disposed
more finely in inner side than in theouter side of dissepimentarium. Consequently. sclerothecal wall is formedat the inner surface of dissepimentarium.
Slight dilation usually occurs not onlyin the tabularium but also in the dissepimentarium in which epithcca anddissepiments arc thickened as well as
in major septa. Cardinal fossula present,
and the dissepimentarium in that position is much constricted tot he epitheca.
Cardinal septum is rather long, accompanying long thin "fossular septa"
which do not start from the cpitheca,
and are situated immediately on bothsides of the cardinal one. One of the"fossular septa" directly unites with athin median plate. Tabulariurn is very
narrow. Axial column is large but not
well differentiated from the other partsof corallite. consists of a thin medianplate. septal lamellae which are theprolongation of major septa. hence they
are in same number as those septa, andmany rows of concentric axial tabullae.
Median plate straight. falls short at thecounter end. Septal lamellae show tendency of rotation. and a number of them
do not reach the median plate.
Remarks:- The present form is apparently similar to some species belonging to genus Clisiophyllum especially inthe aspect of axial column, in which
septal lameHae are more or less ~1 1 i,rect ly
united with the eqds.of .major septa. Jhe

40

Makoto K;lTO

minor septa are much degenerated; thedissepiments of the present form however, are arranged in herringbone pattern
though they are mostly arranged concentrically in the genus C/isioplzyllum.
Major septa of the japanese form also
are rather thick even in the dissepimentarium, but this is not the case in usual
Clisiophylla. Such being the case thepresent form would be better assigned
to genus Dibunophyllum than to Clisiophyllum. It must be noted that dissepiments arranged in pseudoherri ngbone
pattern are sometimes developed whenminor septa are developed to some extent. The japanese form now underconsideration is almost identical withthe specimen described and illustrated
by HILL (1938) under the name ·• DibzmoPhyllum biPartitum koninclli." HrLL intended to group many varieties into one
species, Dibunophyllum /Jipartilum. anddivided it into three subspecies as D.
bipartitum bipartitum, D. bipartitum lwnincki and D. bipartitum cmi~ianum; however, the last-named one should be notassigned to genus DilnmoPhyllum but
surely belongs to Rlwdoplzyllum according to the present writer's view. In
fact, there can be very many different
individuals in the species designated by
HILL as Dibunophyllum bipartitum inrespect to the axial column. Some
individual shows an intermediate nature
between genera Clisiophyllum and Dibunophyllum in regard to the axial column.
The japanese form may be comparable
to such form as llistiophy!lum Peac/zi
THoMsoN, in which each septal lamella
seems to be an elongation of a major
septum, and a thin median plate does
not completely bisect the axial column
Furthermore,as in japanese form.
partial development of pseudoherringbone dissepiments is also rccogn izable
in THoMsoN'S species which is now con-sidered to be a form of Dibunophyllum
bipartitum lumincl~i defined by HrLL.
Under such circumstances, the present
Japanese form may perhaps be considered a member of this variable group of
Dibtmophy/lum biparlitum konincki.
The exact horizon of the present form
is still unknown. But. according to r>.Ir.
KAKIMJ·s verbal information, the specimen described just above was collectedby him in an impure limestone boulder
which may come from his ChaetetesLit/iostrotiollella zone or from a horizon
slightly higher than it. At present. thisC-L zone is termed as Il 0 horizon andis considered as a part of Profusulinel/azone. In Britain, /JibwtoPhyllum biPar/itum koninclli is found ranging rather
widely from D2 to E2 • that is to say,from upper Visean to lower Namurian.
Profusulinella zone in the Nagaiwa series
may correspond to the lowest Moscovian
in Russian platform. So. the japanese
form might be a late representative of
British Dibllliophyllum bipartitum lwuinclli.
Geological horizon :-Middle part of
the Nagaiwa series, Profusulinella zone.
Locality :-!\fountain slope northeast ofNagaiwa. Hikoroichi-machi, Ofunato
City, Iwate Prefecture.
Collector :-T. KAKIMI.
Registration number :-17648.
DibunojJ/tyllum cf. asiaticum MrNATo
Text-figure 8
Compare with:
Dibwtoplzy/lum 11aug!umi, YU. 1934 (non GAR-

wooD & GOODYEAR, 1924); pp. 128-129,
pl. 24. figs. 3a-b.
Dibunophyllum yui MrNATO, 1943 (non Cm,
1931): p. 224. pl. 20. figs. 3. 9-11.
Dibunophyllum asiaticum MINATO, 1955 (nom.
no\·.): pp. !l8-100, pl. 8. fig. 1; pl. 10.
Dibu11opllyllum cf. asiaticum, SATO, 1956; pp.
254, pl. 11, figs. la-b.

:358. Carboniferous Corals from the Kitalwmi Mountains
Single thin section which cub; transversely acal ical part of a corallite athand. Corallum simple. Corallite attains
about 22 mm in diameter and shows sometrigonal outline in transverse section.
Epitheca of moderate thickness as wellas in major septa. Septa in two orders.
1\Jajor septa straight or sometimes flexuous. numbering 38. slightly more dilated
in tabularium than in dissepimentarium.
l\tost of the major septa do not contact
with any axial structure in the present
thin section. but that may not be thecase in mature part of the corallite
which is expected to exist directly
below the present thin section. Cardinal fossula prominent. where cardinal
septum is much shorter than the othermajor septa and where the dissepimentarium h; also more narrow than inother parts. 1\linor septa alternatingwith the major ones, thin. varying indegree of development in the dissepimentarium. but confined always in it
and usually attaining to one-third thelength of the major. /\xial structure
comprises, a thick median lamella, a few
septal lamellae which arc perpendicular
to the median lamella and a few axial
tabellae. Median lamella intrudes into

Text-fig. 8!Jibunophyllum d. asiaticum MINATO ( x2.5)

41

the cardinal fossula, but there is afairly good distance bel ween the axial
end of the cardinal septum and thecuspidated axial structure. /\mong theseptal lamellae, there arc two kinds,
long and short ones respectively. Long
septal lamellae reach the margin of
axial structure. but short ones also
originate from the median lamella butnever reach the margin. Dissepimentarium not very broad, consists of manyrows of herringbone dissepiments whichbecome concentric when minor septa
deyelop. No sclerotheca obscved.
Remarl<s :-In 1953, 1\lrNATo and collaborators synthesized the information
on Carboniferous biostratigraphy in the
Setamai district of the Kitakarni
mountain region. which district has been
regarded as a type area of the .Jap:mese
Carboniferous deposits. In that report,
they announced the occurrence ofC!isaxophyllum sp. from the Onimaru
series in their Table 3 of fossil contentsof that series. But in 195:1, when lVIINATo
published an excellent monograph ofJapanese Carboniferous and Permian
Corals. he neither listed nor describedany species of C/isaxophyllum among the
Onimaru fauna.
So, the writer reexamined the specimen once assigned
to Clisaxophyllum sp., and found thatthe specimen is nothing but a form of
Dibunophyllum which has been describedjust above.
It seems quite possible to the writerthat the reason why 1\lrNATo ignored
the occurrence of C/isaxoPhyllum sp.
when writing his monograph may lie inthis consideration.
For the reason of the scanty material
at hand. it is diO'icult to determine aprecise specific name for the present
form. Nevertheless, from the characterof the herringbone disscpimcnts, thewriter intends to assign the present

Makoto f<tl To

42

form into genus Dibunophyllum rat her
than into genus C/isa:wphyllum. although
the axial structure of the present form
surely resembles the axial structure in
Clisaxop!tyl/um. Among many spec ics of
Dibunophyllum the present form may bereferable to Dibunophyllum tau;.:hani
which was described by Y u, and renamed later by iviiN,\Tu as DibunojJ/tyl!um
asiaticum. This specil~s has less longminor septa. thick major septa especially in tabularium and no sclerotheca at
inner margin of the dissepimcntarium;
and the septal lamellae are perpendicular to the median lamella.
Genus Clisaxophyllum is scarcely known
in Japanese upper Visean, while, on thecontrary, it is prominent in Chinese
Fengninian.
Geological horizon :-Onimaru series.
Locality :-\Vest of Onimaru. Hikoroichimachi, Ofunato City. lwate Prefecture.
Collector:-T. KAKI r.u
Registration number :-l/33;)
Genus !lmygdalophy!lum DuN &BENSON. 1920
ilmygdalop!tyllttm sp. a;lmygdalophyllum sp. a, 1\IINATO, 195!i: pp.
147-148, pl. 5, figs. 2. 3, 5: and 6: pl. 34.
fig. 5; pl. 35, Jig. 5; pl. 36. figs. 3, 7.

Remarks :-On a previous occasion
when .MrNATO (1955) described the species for the first time, it was not certain from what horizon the present
form was yielded, although the appearance of the coral suggested that it
might be pre-Onimaru in age.
Now, it has been claritied by the effort
of T. HAsHIMOTo who once engaged infield survey in Hikoroichi-machi for his
graduation thesis in our department. Hecollected a number of fossil corals.
among which the writer found a formof .!mygdalop/tyl/um which possesses alarge columella and is assignable to
1\IINA'ro's _Jwm;da/op!tyllum sp. a.

IIAsHrMoTo·s collection of the present
form was made from the Hikoroichi
series. Etroeungtian in age.
Genus
Amygda!ophyl/um is known from several
localities and horizons in 1\sia. Australia
and Europe. Hut no form has been reported from the Etroeungtian. In reality.
Amygda!ophyllwtl etfleridgei, one of theAustralian forms, is reported from theupper part of Lower Carboniferous
Burindi series. but that part does notnecessarily represent the whole deposits
of Lower Carboniferous but is understood as an upper Lower Carboniferous
formation. So, the present species is theoldest record of the genus in the world.
In the llilwroichi series, there occur
several limestone lenses at two horizonsin Hikoroichi-I\lachi. The present form
is embedded firmly in one of the lower
limestone members in the state of much
destroyed fragments; the peripheral
parts are usually lost almost wholly.
As MINATo once suggested the present
form may represent a new species, although it much resembles !lmygdalophyllum ellzeridgei DuN & BENsoN. the genotype, especially in the point of its intrathecal characters.
Geological horizon :-About 150m above
the basal conglomerate of the Hikoroichi
series, Lower Carboniferous.
Locality :-150m southeastward of point
46!1 near Ohmori. Hikoroichi-machi, Ofunato City, I watc Prefecture.
Collector~·- T. HAsHIMOTo.
Heferences

BENSON, W. N. & Sr.uTH, S. (I !l23) : Rugose
Corals from I he Burindi Series. Quart.
jour. Geol. Soc., Vol. 79, pp. 156-171.
CHI, Y. S. (1931), Wciningian (Middle Carboniferous) Corals of China. l'alaeont. Sinica,

358. Carboniferous Corals from tlze Kitakami Mountains
Ser. B. l'Ol. 12. fasc. 5.
DoBROLYUBOVA, T. A. (1936). Rugose Coralsof the Middle and Upper Carboniferous
and Permian of the North Ural. Tra11s.
Polar Comm .. :lead. Sci. U.S. S. R., .fasc. 28,
pp. 77-158.
(1936), The corals of the Upper Carbon·
iferous of the western slope of the mid·dle Urals and their stratigraphic impor·tance. Trans. .-l/l. Union Sci. Res. Ins/.
l~!·mwmic Mhwrafogy. jose. 103.
GARWOOD, E. J. & GooDYEAR, E. ( l 9:.!4), Tlw
Lower Carboniferous Succession in the
Settle District and along the Line of the
Craven Faults. (Juarl. jour. Geof. Soc., l'Of.
80. pp. 184-27::.
GoRSKY, I. (1!J35), Some Coelenterata fromthe Lower Carboniferous Beds of the~owaya Zemlya. Tra1zs ..·\relic Inst .. 1'0/.
28.
Hti.L, D. (1938), The Carboniferous Rugose
Corals of Scotland. Part 1. Mon. Palaeonl·ogr. Soc. London, pp. 1-78.
- - (19-18). The Distribution and Sequenceof Carboniferous Coral Faunas. Geo/.
Mag.. t•ol. 8!i. pp. 121-H8- - (1956). l~ugosa in 'Treatise on [nverte·
brate Paleontology. (f) Coelenterata·.
Geol. Soc. Amer.
JoHNSON, G. A. L. (1956), A Preliminary Ac·
count of the Variation in Dibunop!tyllum
bipartitum (J\l'Cov) from the l'vliddle
Limestone Croup of Nort humbria. Proc.
Unh•. Durham Philos. Soc .. Vol. 12. no. 12,
pp. 128-135. (The writer could refer to
Russian abstract only.)
LANG, w. D., SMITH, S. & THOMAS, D. H. (1940),

4...•)

Index of Palaeozoic Coral Genera. British
Museum (Natural History).
MJNATo. M. (19-13), On the Upper Viseancoral fauna from the Coral limestone of
the Kitakami Mounlainland, Nonheastern
llonshu, japan. jour. Sigenka~alm 1\.enf()'ll·syo. t•ol. 1. no. 2. pp. 221-240.
(1955), Japanese Carboniferous andPermian Corals. jour. Fac. Sci .. Hokkaido
Unir .. Scr. IV. 1'0{. 9, 110. 2.
- - and others. (1953). Biostratigraphie des1\arhons im Kitakami-Gebirge, Nordostlidws Honshu, japan. jour. (;eol. Soc.
japan, z·of. 59, pp. 385-39!J. (in Japanesewith German abstract).
PERNA. ,\. (1923), Die Korallcn dcr Untcr·
karhonablagerungen am osll ichen Ab·
hange des Sud-Urals. i\lim. Com. g,'ol.
St-PNcrsbr., (ns). liz•r. 175.
REED. F. R. C. (1927), Palaeozoic and l\lesozoic Fossils from Yun.Nan. /'alaeonl.
Indica, (us), t•ol. 10, 110. 1, pp. l-291.
SATO. T. (1956), On the Tateishi Formationand its Carboniferous Coral Fauna. in
the North-Eastern Part of the Abukuma
Massif. japan. Sci. Rep., Tokyo Kyoiku!Jaigalm, sec. C. no. 36, pp. 235-261.
STUCKENBERG, A. ( 1904), Anthozoen und
Bryozoen des Unteren Kohlenkalkes vonCentral-Russland. M<m. Com. g<'ol. St.
Pdcrsbr., _y, no. :1.
YABE, II. (1950), Permian Corals l~escmbling
H'aagenophyllum and Concenia. /'roc . .fapa11
A·ad., t•o/. 26. nos. 2-5. pp. i 4-79.
YU. C. C. (193-1), Lower Carboniferous Coralsof China. Palaeon/. Sinica, ser. H. vol. 12,
jilSt:. 3.

Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc . .fapnn. N. S.. No. 33. pp. -14-51. April 1. 1959PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESSA PRODLI~M ON THE GEOLOGICAL RANGE AND GEOGRAPHICAL

DISTRIBUTION OF DESMOSTYLIDS*HISAKJ\TSU YJ\BE, M. J. A.

The Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Tilhoku University, Scnclai
has in its palaeontological collection a
molar of Desmostylus (Reg. No. !i/,239)
from the drainage area of the Obirasi·
betu (a river name by Ainu. formerlytransliterated Opiraushpct), Tesio Province, Hokkaido, and once reported by
H. MATSUMoTo (1918) as "Dcsmostylus
cfr. japonicus ToKUNAGA and IwASAKI,
left upper second molar. V. L. VANDER·
HooF (1937) referred to this specimen
as an "unworn lower molar with anterior supernumerary column.
Originally this specimen was procured*Received Dec. 6, 1958; rcadatthcannual
meeting of the Society at Tokyo. Dec. li, 1958.

in 1903 by tile present writer, then astudent of geology in the University ofTokyo, while acting temporarily as an
assistant of the late Denkichi YAMASHITA
in an exploratory survey of coal in the( >birasibetu district, of the Hokkaido
Colliery and Railway Company (now.
llokkaido Colliery and Steamship Company 1; it was accidentally unearthed bya party of workmen in one of theleft side-valleys of Shimokinebet u-zawa
1proper transliteration, Pankekcnepet I,
which is a left confluent of the Obirasihctu, and especially close to a thinlxtnded allernation of coal and sandstone,
there exposed, called by them" Tora nokawa" signifying tiger's fur on its
peculiary striped appearance. Unfortunately, at that time the writer had noopportunity to visit personally the actual
locality of the fossil.
While the accurate position of thelocality of the molar excavated some
half a century ago can no more be ascertained, it is now found possible toset tic definitely the stratigraphical horizon of the mother-rock of the molar.
In a conference the writer held at
Sapporo late the last October with 1N.
llAsHir.IOTo, S. NAGAo, and K. MATSuNo,
three geologists very intimate of thesl raligraphy oi this district. tht:re wereunanimous in the view that the localityof the molar. though its accurate site
is unknown, lies certainly within thearea of distribution of the Tappu formation, as shown on the Geological I\1ap,Range aud Distribution of Desmostylids
in the scale of 1 : 50,000, Sheet Tappu,
published by the (;eological Survey ofjapan (TsusHIMA, TANAKA. MATsuNo and
YAMAGucur. 1958), there are no Neogene
deposits exposed nearby.
The Obirasibetu molar has its root
lost and the base ol the crown is tilledwith a gray compact mudstone. On thewriter's request. K. AsANo examined
this matrix for foraminifera and foundin it Troclzammina a.<;agaiensis AsANo
which is hitherto known only from theTappu formation of the Obirasibetu
district and the Asagai formation of
the Zyi1ban coalfield 111 Northeast
Honsyu.
The Tappu formation is divided into
two parts by the ·· Tora no kawa .. : thelower, Simokine sandstone. and theupper, Tappu shale. The Tappu shale
looks like the Poronai shale of thelsikari coal-field. both being very similar in general aspect. lithological nature•.
and megafossils, and was often thought
to be the Poronai shale itself; thiscircumstance led some geologists to thebelief of the Simoldnc sandstone lying
beneath the Tappu shale is older than
the Poronai shale.
The Simokine sandstone and Tappu
shale contain foraminifers: t hcsc haYealready been studied by 1\. AsANo (19fi6,
1958), who obtained from the former:
Trochammina asagaien,~is AsANO abundan1
Plectina shimokiuensis ASANO
commonElphidimn yumotoenst• AsANO
commonl1lonio11 pompi!ioides shimokinense

AsANO

commonE!Phidium iojimense AsANo and:MURATAfew

E!pllidium sumitomoi AsANO and

MuRATA

rare

Etphidium cf. saitoi AsANO and

1\IuRATA(yclammina cf. iucisa (STACHE)
Bulimina yabei AsANO and

MuRATA

rare
rare

few

Bulimina pyrula u'ORBIGNY
Cassidulina margareta KARIIER

45
rare

few

and some others, and from the latter:
Bulimina yal>ei AsANO and1\hJRATA
Bulimina spp. i ndcL (muchcompressed)
Cyclammina incisa (STACIIE)
Trodwmmiua asagaiensis AsANO

commoncommoncommonfew

and a few others. rare and specificallyindeterminable.
AsANo stated "Troclwmmi na asagaieusis
and F/phidium yumotoense are characteristic species of the Asagai formation.
and 1:'/phidium iojimense, H. sumilomoi. !·.'.
saitoi and Bulimina yabt•i arc dominant
species of tlw !ojima formation of the
Takashima coal-field, Kyushu. Characteristic species of the Poronai shale ofthe Ishikari coallield. I-Iokkaido. Plrcto/rondint!aria pac/wrdi or Plecliua poronaiensis arc apparently absent in the
Shimokinc. and in Kyushu they arefound in the upper part of the Sakasegawa shale which is stratigraphicallysituated below the Tojima formation.
Thus the writer considers that the
Shimokine may be correlated with the
Asagai formation of the joban coalfieldor with the Iojima format ion of 1\yushu
and not to the Poronai which should becorrelated with the upper part of the
Sakascgawa shale of Kyushu" (AsANo,
19:18, p. 70).
Asano recognized four foraminiferal
zones in the Poronai shale, which are
as follows. in descending order.
Plec/ofrondicularia jxlckardi zone
Bulimina ezoe11sis zone
Conmspiroides oinomikadoi zone
Nonion soracllieuse-Ammobaculites akabiraensezone

The two upper zones are correlated
by him to the Lmvcr Oligocene Refugian
stage of California, U.S. A.. and the
Simokine sandstone as well as the

4G

Hisakatsu YABE

Asagai formation to the Upper Oligocene Zemorrian of the same (.1\sANo.
1958, pp. 15, 47).
The Tappu shale is overlain by the
Nciraku formation: they an: slightly
unconformable. a thin conglomerate
layer at the base of the latter covering
the uneven surface of the former andoften including fragments of shale
derived from it. Foraminiferal and molluscan faunas of the Neiraku formationdiffer distinctly from the corresponding
ones of the Tappu formation. the former
bearing decidely a Neo.({ene aspect·.
In short. th2 Obirasibetu molar iscertainly from the Tappu formation.
Upper Oligocene in age. Dcsmoslylus a)read~· inhabited Hokkaido at this time.

In the west coast of North America,
Desmostylus is strictly limited, according
to VANDERHooF, to the Temblor (upper
I\ I iddle l\liocene) and the Briones (lower
Upper Miocene). He held that Desmo·
stylus japonicus ToKUNAGA and IwAsAKI
from Togari, Gifu Prefecture, and D.
mirabilis NAGAo from Keton, Saghalicn.
specifically not separable from D.
hespems MARsn, and the !Jesmostylus
horizon of Japan and Saghalien as thelime equivalent of the Temblor andBriones of the west coast of North
America (VANnERIIoor-, 1937. p. 19r:i)
The )alter remark ma),t hold good approximately in so far as D. japonicus
and /). mirabilis of the type local ilies
arc concerned.
But. in the same year (1937), T. NAGAO(1937a) reported on Desmostylus minor
NAGAo based on a right upper second
molar found in the Hatty6rei formationof the second tributary of the Asanaizawa. Honto-mati, South Saghalien: thismolar is smaller than the corresponding
ones of D. jaj,onicus and D. mimbi!is,but othenYise yery similar, being like·wise hypsodont.
The Tertiary deposits of South Saghalicn are divided into, in descendingorder.
Sirdori group
IIonLo group.tvlaoka group
Naibuti group

The Obirasibetu molar of Desmostylus
nat. size: anterior border to the left.

The Naibuti and Manka groups areapproximate equivalents of the Isikari
and Poronai .~roups respectively of the
Isikari coalfield (lJWAToKo. 1937). The
Hattyorei formation and the underlying
Aragai are included by some authors in
the 1-Ionto group as its lower member
and by others in the l\laoka group as
its upper one: in the mean time. I-I.
TAKEDA (1953) has shown the Hattyorei

Ranf[e and Distribution of Desmostylids
formal ion to contain numerous elementsof the Poronai molluscan fauna in common with the Aragai and Nissakutan
formations, and called these three formations altogether, the "Poronai formation of South Saghalien ".
TAKEnAcnumcralcd the following mollusca
from the Haltyi•rci :Aci/a l'i.t:ilia SCimNCK, Nucu/ana ramseyi(SMITH), Yoldia /auflabi/is YoKoYA!\IA. }".

tokunagai YOKOYA~IA. Y. asagaiensis l\1.-\KIYAM.\. }". sa;:il/aria YoKOYAMA. }". sp .•Perip!oma /wsshornsis YoKOYAMA. Thracia
sp .• Vewrimnlia el/iptica TAKEDA, F. ezoellsis T AK E.DA, 1·. expansa T AKEnA. Thyasira biser/a CoNiu\n, Paphia 1111/1/roei YoKO·
YAMA. Uocima fulth·a (YoKOYAMA), L.
telmera (YoKOYAMA). .l!at·onw lokyoemis
MAKIYAMA. M. sejugala (YoKOYA~IA), Tur·
rie~t!a sallhaliue11Sis TAKEDA. Natica sp ..
Turrite/la uipponica Yoi<OYAMA. T. kiiensis
YoKOYAMA, Neptuuea modestoidea TAEEDA.
Neopsephat•a 1111/iquir TAKEDA. Uentalium
1/111/()IJ/{/('TAI<EIIA.

The basal part of the Ilattyi)rei whichvielrled Desmosty!us minor is the lower
Dl·smosfy!us or /)csmosfy!us minor horizonof Nagao.
The. Naiboro coal-bearing formation.
the upper division of the Honto group.
yielded molars of larger size resembling
those of De.~mosly/us mirabilis NAGAo at
Ausi near Noda and at the Usu Colliery
north of Ausi on the west coast ofSouth Saghalien. The type specimen of
this species is from an equiYalent formation of Kcton. Sisuka-mati, Sisukagun on the east coast of the sameisland. The :\faihoro coal-bearing formation is correlated by its molluscan
fauna to the Kawabata of Hokkaido.
l\IINATO ct al. (1957) enumerated the following molluscs from the Naihoro formation:.-!rca cf. 11111imla YoKOYAMA. Glycimeris
cliitanii ? Yoi<OY AMA, Pee/en subyessoensis
YoKOYAMA, Volsella sp., Cardium cf. slzio-

barense47

Lucina awtiliueata?
I'itar okadai? (YoKOYAMA), Pa·
phia? aff. shiratorieusis OTsUEA. Dosinia
sp.. nov.. 111actra sp., 1Hacoma tokyor•usis
1\IAKIYAMA, Cultellus
izumoeusis YoKoYAMA. Thmsira bisr'cla CoNilAil, T. niP·ponica YA~m ct No~IURA. J/ya japouica]AY, /Juccimtm cf. sachalinensis YoKOYAMA,
Cerithium ? sp. cf. Ccrithitlea ishikariemis
YoKOYAMA.

CoNRAD.

YoKOYAMA.

This Desmosl\'lus horizon is the Upper
Desmostylus or. Desmostylus mimbilis horizon of NAc.Ao.
These t \\·o Drsmosly/us horizons being
stratigraphically wide apart. and themoll usc an faunas of the t \\'o format ions
Naihoro and Hatly<lrei being quite
different. NAc.Ao's view is. the present
writer believes, well established, andthe only question to be solved in the
future is whether the II at ty1irei formation of Snghalien is to he cotTI'iatccl
to either of the Poronai or t hC' Tappu
of Hokk<lido. That the II at t ylll·ei is theuppermost division of the \lanka group,the "Poronai of South Saghalien ·· ofTakeda. makes the assumption of its
contemporaneity with the Tappu moreprobable than the opposite concept ion.
Two month later, NAc.Ao (11J31b) recorded another occurrence, this timefrom Hokkaido. of a small molar of
IJesmostylus, a third molar l'ither of left
upper or right lower jaw. as IJrsmostylus
cf. minor. Found free on the streambed
in the upper course of the Okoppc-zawa.
some 3 km south of the Kamiatunai
Station of the Kusiro raihYay. its stratigraphical position is unknown; lately.
~l IVIINATo and his associates (19fi7) expressed their conviction of its probable
deriYation from the Tyokubetu formation, top mem her of the Onbetu
group. after thci r detailed study of thegeology around the Okoppe-zawa. though
without any positive evidence.

48

Ilisal~al$U Y1lBE

Tl1e stratigraphical succession of the
Palaeogene deposits in the Kusiro coalfield, Kusiro Province. and the Urahoro
coalfield. Tokati Province. is as follows.
in descending order:
Neogene Honbetu group or younger deposits-UnconformablePalaeogene
Onbetu group
Tyokubctu formation (marine)
Nuibetu formation (marine)
Tyaro formation (marine)
Omagari formation (conglomerate)
Urahoro group
Syakubetu formation (coal-bearing)
Sitakara formation (marine)
Yubctu formation (coal-bearing)
Tennent formation (coal-bearing)
Harutori (coal-bearing)
Beppu formation (conglomerate)--Unconformable-Upper Cretaceous formations (marine)

AsANo (1952; 195R. p. 47, tab. 1) foundin the Sitakara formation Cornuspiroides
oiuomilwlwi AsANo and Cydammina paci_tica BEcK in common with the lower
part of the Poronai group, in the Tyaro
Bulimina ezoensis YoKoYAMA and B. sch·u•ageri. and others characterizing theupper part of the Pornnai. and in the
Nuibetu Plec((rondicularia pacl<ardi Cusn1\IAN and ScHENCK, P. padwrdi multilineala
CusHMAN and SIMONsoN, in addition to
the t \YO species of Bulimina cited above,
an association similar to that in theuppermost Poronai and the overlying
1\-Iomiziyama formation.
from theTyokubetu formation he knows only
Cydammina incisa (STACHE).
The Onbctu group, excluding the
Tyokubetu at its top. and the Urahoro
group of the Kusiro and Urahoro coal·
fields respect ivcly correspond, according
to AsANo, to the Upper Poronai plus
Momiziyama formations and the lower
Poronai plus Isikari groups of the lsi-

kari coalfield. Hence, there is a probability of the Tyokubetu formation occuP~'i ng nearly the same stratigraphicalposition with the Tappu formation in
the Obirasibetu district. and it makes
the inference more or less credible that
the Okoppe molar is from the Tyokubetu.
In Ilakkaido, there are two otherlocalities of Desmostylus teeth namely,
Soikosi, Iligasi -Setana-mura, and ncar
the lVIeppu mine. Tosibetu-mura, bothin Setana-gun, Siribesi Province. In
both cases, the remains were found in
the Pirika formation of the Kunnuigroup; the Pirika formation corresponds
to the upper part of the 1\.awabata inthe other parts of Hokkaido.
Desmostylus remains have been report·
ed from many localities geographicallywidespread in Honsyu, the main islandof Japan. extending from the Akita
Prefecture in the north to Simane Pre·
fecture in the "·est: they are not yet
found in Sikoku and Kyusyu. All ofthem are from the Miocene deposits,
mostly found above the NephrolepidinaMiogypsina horizon: there is no record
u nti I now of the find of Desmostylus
from Palaeogene rocks in llonsyu.
It is of special interest. that in Japan,
Cormcallius·Iike Desmostylid with distinctly brachydont teeth li\'ecl almost
contemporaneously with Desmostylus
with hypsodont teeth. Conuml!ius ta·balai ToKUNAGA (1939) based on two
lo\\'·crowned teeth. one with a crowncomposed of 4 columns and an acr:esory,
and a long single root. is from Aikawa
on the southwestern coast of the island
Saclo: they were found in an 8 m thickmudstone directly beneath the Miogypsina-Operculina horizon (HANzAw A 1950,
p. 80).
Cormmllius ? sp. described by ]. Au At(1953) is better known, his material
comprising a jaw-bone and six teeth,

Range and Distribution of Desmostylids
probably of one individual. The molars
and premolars are low crowned andsmaller than the teeth of C. labatai from
Sado Island and C. sonkensis (CoRNWALL)
from Vancouver Island. Its locality is
Terao. Odamaki·mura. Titibu-gun. in
the Titibu basin. where an excavation
was made at a site of the left bank oi
the upper course of the river Arakawa
in a mudstone of the Titibumati formation with Nephro/epirliua. !11iogypsina
kotoi HANZAWA. and several species ofmarine molluscs including Tlzyasira niP·ponica YAnE et NoMURA and So/(!]nyatokzmagai YoKoYA:>.tA characteristic to
the iVfiocene of japan.
A nearly complete skeleton of another
Cornwallius-like Desmostylid was excavated at Inkyoyama. a small hi II, of
Kuziri. Izumi-mati. Toki-gun. Gihu Prefecture. The study of this skeleton by
S. lzJRI, T. SmKA~IA and F. TAKAI has
not yet been completed. This materialis specially important in the possession
Jirst of. brachydont teeth similar to
those of Conzzcallius, secondly of thefour pairs of bony thoracic plates incommon with the Keton skeleton of
Desmostyltts mirabi/is from Sag hal ien*
(NAcAo. 19411, and thirdly on accountof the stratigraphical level of its motherrook being fairly near to that of thetype specimen. which is a skull of
Desmosty/us jaj>oniws (Yosm w ARA and
IwAsAKI. 1902; ToKUNAGA and IwAsAKI,
1914), though their localities arc 3 km
apart from Togari. Kani-gun. (;ifu
Prefecture.
The detailed stratigraphy of the Neo·gene deposits in this and adjacent districts are variously interpreted bydifferent authors: but it is at least so
far certain that in broad sense the
Izumi skeleton of Cormuallius ? and the
Togari skull of Desmostylus japonicus
ToKUNAGA and IwASAKI arc from the-19same. Togari beds s. 1.. with numerous
marine littoral molluscs. which rest
conformably on the Tukiyosi with
abundant remains of Vicarya and othermarine warm water molluscs. The
Togari and Tukiyosi beds constitutethe Akiyo formation. and arc the typeof the iVIioccne Togarian stage of ].
MAKJY AMA (1932\.
In the foregoing paragraphs. it has
been shown (1) that remains of Desmostylus occur already in the Upper
Oligocene deposits of Japan and South
Saghalien, and (2) that these of Corn·zeal/ius or its near allies and Desmostylus
occur in !Vlioccne deposits of Japan. in
one case in one and the same formation
exposed at localities not far apart.
In the west coast of North America.

* The Keton specimen of !Jesmostylus mira·bilis was found enclosL>d in two separatemarl nodules lying loose and a few score ofmeters apart on the stn·ambed of the Hat U·
yuki·zawa, Keton. The skull enclosed in oneof the nodules hears all the features characterizing Desmostylus. which is thought to be
an aquatic animal like Sirenia, while the legbones found in association with many otherbones in the other nodule are exceedingly
stout for an aquatic animal and are those ofa pcdcstrial. digitigrade quadraped withheavy built feet. In consequence. it was
sometimes questioned that the skull and theother skeletal parts from two separate nod·ules really belonged to one and the sameani mal.
Fortunately there are in the second nodule
very peculiar bones. namely thoracic platesof iour pairs, in association with the legbones. ell:. These thoracic bones are also
provided by the Izumi skeleton with skull
intact which bears dentition similar to thatof Conzwallius. This new lind shows that thepeculiar thoracic plates arc characteristic to
Desmostylids, Desmoslylus and Cormmllius, and
it is now first confinned that the skull andother bones oi the Keton specimen belong
to one individiun1 (IJIRI. 1952)

50

J!isakatsu YiiBE

Comwallius (HAY. 192-1) is known only
from the Sookc formation of Vancouver
Island. which is correlated by ]. \V.
DuRHAM (19H. p. 11 :3) to the Echinophoria
apta zone (the upper part of the Blakeley
formation of vVashington). and the geo·
logical range of Desmostylus is restricted
to the Temblor and Briones of California
and equivalent Astoria formation ofOregon. VANDERHooF thought that theUpper Oligocene Comzcal/ius with bra·chydont teeth is probably ancestral to
the Miocene Desmostylus with hypsodont
teeth. and imagined the westward mi·
grat ion of the latter from t lw west
coast of North America to the Asiatic
coast. These two conclusions of V Al'iDER·
Hom· nmY seem difficult to be upheldon the geological evidences in japan
cited above. On the contrary. it is moreplausible (1) that G{mzwal/ius and /Jes·
mostylus. both having a geological range
from the Upper Oligocl'ne to the l\liocenc,
may represent two parallel lines ofdescent from a certain unknown ancestral form earlier than Upper Oligo·
cene. and further (2) that !Jesmostylus
migrated eastward from the Asiatic
coast to the American side and Com·wallius westward from the latter to theformer.
No remains of Desmostylid have beenfound in the post-Miocene deposits of
the japanese Islands and the west coastof North America: apparently the phyl·
lum seems to have been extinguishedfrom the world at the end of the Miocene, unless Cryptomaston martini voN
KoENIGSWALD from the Pleistocene ofjava is its younger representant. what
denied by voN KoENIGsw AJ.D (193:~). Thisauthor maintained its alliance to theProbosidea, while H. F. OsnoRN referred
to it as ? Sirenia.

Heferences
ARAr. J. (1953). New Discovery of Desmostylid (Canumllius ? sp.) in the Chichibu

Basin. Bull. Chichibu Mus. Nat. !list .. tza.
.1.

AsANO, K. (1952). Paleogene Foraminiferafrom the Ishikari and Kushiro Coalfields. Hakkaido. !nsf. Ceo/. Pal., Tohoku
Unw., Short Papers, 110. ·1.
- - (1956). Paleogene Foraminifers from
Tappu Area, Rumoi-gun, llokl(aido (injapanese). Foraminifera. no. 5.
( 19!18). Some Paleogene Smaller Foraminifers from .Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku
Unit• .. ser. 2. mi. 29.
!JtJIHIAM, ]. \V. (194-1), Megafauna! Zones of
the Oligocene uf Northwestern Wash·
inglon. Unit•. Calif. I'ubl., Bull. /Jep. Geol.
Sci., t•ol. 2':.
HANZAWA. S. (1950). Tertiary Palaeogeography of North Japan. l11st. Geol. Pal ..
Tohoku Unit• .. Sltort PaPers. na. 2.
IIAY, 0. P. (19~4). Notes on the Osteology
and Dentition of the Genera Desmostylus
and Conucallius. Proc. [:'. S. Nat. .lfus.,r•ol. 65. art. 8.
IJIIH. S. (195~). Dc~mostylid. restored (in]:Ipancsc). Ku~;aku, t•ol. 22, 110. 12.
VON KoENI<iSWALD, G. H.l{. (1933). Beitragzur Kenntnis zur Fossilen WirbclthiereJavas. IVetensclt. Meded. 110. 23.
1VIAKIYAMA, }. (1932). The· Neogene Strati·
graphy of .Iapan !slant!. Proc. 6!/z Pacific Sci. Congr.. p. 6-13.
l\.fARTIN. K. (1880). NcuL' Wirbelthierreste
vom l'ati·Ajam auf Java. Samml. geol.
Reiclrsmus., Leide11. t•ol. 3.
MATst•MoTo, H. (l\118). A Contribution to thei\lnrphology, Paleobiology, and Systematicof Desmos/ylus. Sci. Rep. Tolwku Unit• ..
ser. 2. 11ol. a.
1\liNAT<>. l\1.. MATSUI. M. and IsHII, ]. (1957).
On the ~tratigraphical Position of thelJesmostylus Tooth found in Takach i
Province, llokkaido (in Japanese). four.
Geol. Soc. Japan. 1•ol. 63, 110. 7 40.
NAGAo. T. (1937a), A new Species of lJesmos/ylus from Japanese Saghalien and its
geological Significance. Proc. Imp. Acatl..

Range and Distribution of Desmostylidst•ol. 13, 110. 2.
- - (1937b), A new Occurrence of a small

Desmostylus Tooth in llokkaido. Proc.
Imp. Jlcad. Tokyo, z:ol. 13. no. 4.
- - (1941). On the Skeleton of Desmostylus(in japanese with English abstract.)
1l1emorial Lecture in Commemoration ofProf. H. \'abe's 60th Birthday.
OsBORN, H. F. (1936). Proboscidea, vol. I, p.
625: vol. 2. p. 1382.
TAKEDA, H. (1953). The Poronai Formation(Oligocene Tertiary) of Hakkaido and
Sakhalin. Jlokkaido Jtss. Coal Mining Tech110/ogists, Geological Section; Studies 011
Coal Geology, no. 3.
ToKUNAGA, S. (1939), A new Mammal be.
longing to Dcsmostylidae. ]ub. Pub.

51

Comm. H. Yabe·s 60th Birthday, vol. 1.
- - and IwASAKI,]. (191,1), Notes on Desma·stylus japonicus. four. Geo/. Soc. Tokyo.
110/. 2 ].
TsusHJMA, K .. TANAKA, K., MATSUNO. K. and
YAMAGUCHI. S. (1958), Explanatory Textof the Geological Map, 1 : 50.000, Sheet
Tappu.
UwATOKO, K. (1937), Petroleum Geology ofSouth Sakhalin (in japanese). four. Geol.
Soc. Japan. 1'01. 44. no. S30. Suppt.
VANDERHooF. V. L. (1931), A Study of the
Miocene sirenian Desmostylus. Univ. Calif.
Pub! .. Bull. Dep. Sci., vol. 24, no. 8.
YosmwARA, S. and IwASAKI, J. (1902), Notes
on a new Fossil Mammal. lour. Colt. Sd.
Imp. Univ. Tokyo. t•ol. 16, art. 6.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

r 13 4:tl!-E4M~01ll:ltU 33 4'/(,('!f~J 1i 1958 4: 12
f.l 6 l1 :t:; H1" 7 El !;f!Ji'(:;k~FJl'l~$i!l!'l'I~f.{~ IC~J
t'"t~~j!l(f..,t.:,~.

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3.
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,NIJ

lii1

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2. 1958 fftllCiF.fiiiJf!!li?rii'\JiiUt~O'.>Wf.~ ...... flljlJli/Xll~

4.

4'~til. 'H~¥il~&o:,ifHti

5!)ij i;: !i ~~ i1ii

A Problem on the Geological Range andGeographical Distribution of Desma·stylids .................. Hisakatsu YABE

6.

7.
l. On Jliuetaxiles ushioi gen. et sp. nov.

with Special Considerations of its maleFructifications from the Mine Group(Cpper Triassic) in Yamaguchi Prefec·
lure, japan ........................... .

8.
9.

........ Enzo KoNNO and Gentar6 NAITo
Our Maceration Technique for Obtain·
ing Spores from Spora11gium ...... .
. . . . . . . . Enzo KoNNO and Kawo AsAMA
Micropalcobotanical Studies on theMeso;wic Coab and Shales from Japan.................. Misaburo SHIMAKUHA
On the Respiratory Roots of Taxodium
from the Lignite Bed at the NoloPeninsula, Inner-side of Central Japan...... Hidekuni MATsuo and Korio Fun
On the Pliocene Florule from the
Katsuya,na City, Fukui Prefecture.
Inner-side of Central Japan ......... .
...................... Hidekuni MATSUO
Permian Fusulinids from Central Thailand ................................. .
. . Ryuzo ToRJYAMAand Tomomitsu SuGI
Upper Cretaceous Foraminifera from
Nemuro Peninsula, Eastern Hokkaido,
Japan ............ Saburo YosHIDA ({~;t'¥)Corallum Growth of the Halysitidae ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takashi HAMADA
Gotlandian Shelly Fauna from South·

Proceedings

52

west Japan (1), Coronocephalus kobayashii, New Species from the Kuraoka
District. Kyushu ...... Takashi HAMADA
10. Two New Permian Corals from Yamaguchi Prefedure .... Michihiro KAWANO
11. Permian Amygdalophylloid Corals fromthe Kanto Mountain land ............. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toshihil<o SATO
12. Nagatopllyllum satoi OzAWA t Mitlerella
Uti'f1"~~~~1:-?t'""C.......... t-.fffll.E::ie

13. jurassic llcxacorals from the Shiriya
District. Aomori Prefecture. Northeast
Japan ............................... .
. . . . . . Motoki EGucm and Yoshio ONUKJ

14. ~tifiii~lJa~IBf J-.l.E*i!f!A~-tllfNIJ'iH~-?t '"'C....................... rm71i«: · liffi:;f>: 1'1.

15. ~t1M.iff:lt5\!ml'll J f'3r-1U~HL!U~§'iF:-?t •'L ..

. .. .. .. ..
. .................... ~l!l-f.: Ji(
16. "Baket•ellia" and "Edelltltla" from theLate Triassic !\line Series in \Vest
Japan ................ Akira Tot<UYAMA
17. Some Pelecypods from the Tsukinoura
Formation ncar Kodaijima in :\liyagi
Prefecture. Northeast japan ......... .
Itaru IIAYAMI
18. Some Pelecypods from the upper Arato·
zaki Formation in i\Iiyagi Prefecture,
Northeast japan, including a New
Genus Kobayashites . ....... ltaru HAYA~II
19. Some Pelecypods from the Upper
jurassic Sakamoto Formation in Central Kyushu. Japan .... Minoru TAMURA
20. On some Triassic Ammonites from the
Jsatomae Formation ................. .
Yoshio 0NUKI and Yuji BANDO

21. ~ti'~l§ JtHlll 0) l:$f.:i•lli;f, J: 1) Pachydiscus
sttbcompressus obsoleltts MATSUMOTO 0)~Ji!.t ~O.)tifli'N~fl'~;b.<~ ... -1iLTI.?.JliS ((t.D'C)~~-

Upper Cretaceous 1\.mmonites of Cali·
Cornia, Part 1. Baculitidae ........ .
.................... Tatsuro MATSU:>.toTo
23. The Molluscan Fauna from "theMisaka Formation" of the Tanzawa
Mountainland ........... Saburo KANNO
24. {lln':i'fti!ir:jt;jfr~~ Pectinidae, ~0) 16 Pee·ten kimurai YoKOYAMA iz:-?t '""C ..... .

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . ·. · ·. . . . WIIH~-.f!B
25.

fJlJti'f<Ji!irl•:lfr~ilf'i. Pectinidae, 'CO) 17 ~m................. -. ...... .... . mm~- ·fiB

26. Pliocene 1\lollusca from the Northern
Margin of the Kitakami ·Mountains ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kiyotaka CmNZEJ
27. An Interpretation of the Paleoecologyof the Miocene Kadonosawa Fauna ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1\iyotaka CmNZEI
28. Callisla chinensis ( lloJ.TEN) 03l·d~H~ "Jl''L .. .. .. .. . . .. .. ..
. ....... i!X!Jlf ~29. 'F~H';t *!i!fltriJ f'tjt: 0/Llil· .;~"'9 7.> {tTl~14;il!h~lfHI!11:"'lt''C............. -~!ff Iii

30. An Eocene Nautiloid from Kyushu ...
Teiichi 1\oBAYASIII and Yasuhiko 1\AMADA
31. Bio· Thanato· and Fossil-History of
Eutreplwceras japo11icttm ............. .
Teiichi KoBAYASHI and Yasuhiko 1\AMADA:!2. ll4>:1C:b tt ~ Ostracoda 0(!lf:J'L .. i!:Jf:i!Yfll)
33. ~::illl*'~.Wii Palaeopneusles r:-?t ·""C ..... .

.. · -....... · .. - ....... W:.<$: J;J: • ~EI!t'.::t:f!B
3-1. Two Fossil Spatangoid Echinoids fromJapan....... Matsutaro SmBATA
35. ~~ /\.ngthong ilf'( Cuon 11: -:>t '""[ . . j~~;tt~:::1-

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