ISSN 0031-0204

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 104

Palaeontological Society of Japan
Jan. 20, 1977

EditorTakashi HAMADA
Associate Editor Ikuwo OBATA

Officers for 1975 - 1976
Honorary President: Teiichi KOBAYASHI
President: Tatsuro MATSUMOTO
Councillors (*Executive): *Kazuo ASAMA, Kiyoshi ASANO, *Kiyotaka CHINZEl,*Takashi HAMADA, *Tetsuro HANAI, *Itaru HAY AMI, Tadao KAMEl,*Kametoshi KANMERA, *Tamio KOTAKA, *Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Tokio
SHIKAMA, Tsugio SHUTO, *Yokichi TAKA YANAGI, Toshimasa T ANAl,*Hiroshi UJIIE
Executive Committee:
General Affairs: Tetsuro HAN AI, Itaru HAY AMI, Kiyotaka CHINZEl, Saburo
KANNO
Membership: Kazuo ASAMA, Kazuhiko UEMURA
Finance: Hiroshi UJIIE
Planning: Tamio KOTAKA, Jun'ichi TAZAWA
Publications
Transactions: Takashi HAMADA, Ikuwo OBATA
Special Papers; Kametoshi KANMERA, Ienori FUJIYAMA, Tomowo OZAWA,
Juichi YANAGIDA" Fossils": Yokichi T AKAYANAGI, Kunihiro ISHIZAKI
Fossil on the cover is the six leaves in a whorl of Trizygia oblongifolia(GERM. & KAULF.) ASAMA from the Maiya Formation (Parafusulina zone),
Maiya, N. E. Japan.
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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 104, pp. 407-417, pI. 43, Jan., 20, 1977

666. ON PALAEOFUSULINA-COLANIELLA FAUNA FROMTHE UPPER PERMIAN OF KELANT AN, MALAYSIA
P.C. AW
Geological Survey of Malaysia, Kota Bharu Office,Kelantan, Malaysia

KEN·ICHI ISHII
Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science,
Osaka City University

andYUJI OKIMURA
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Facultyof Science, Hiroshima University,,1/- './7~ttm, 'T '7 '/!J '/:It!!:JJO) 1/ t:::'-lv1jjfO):3[/'m, /~ p -:}.;.tLY 1/'71 ¥OJ:It!!:t.ii1GI1'G,
Palaeo/usulina aff. bella·Colaniella media fauna ~.9tiJi!. I..-t-=:o;: 0) 1f:fL.!E. 1/::':OM Ii. Palaeo/usulina
C{)laniella v;::. .t ~ J::tm~/vA *0) 21/::.:0*0) 5 '0,
advanced form -C'%'~-:)ft Gn~J::(fto) Palaeo/usulina sinensis·Colaniella parva *I-=')(H/::. ~n~ 0 ]ln~7:; 7:1t!!:t.ii1GI~:}.;" '-C;: 0) (/::.:fi*I1:9tiJi!. ~ nt-=:~~JHi., T =r 7-l1ii:lt!!:t.ii1GO)MJtI~[YJ I..- -C It t '0;:,,<,, J::{ftl~ rtm=~*O) Claraia concnetrica bed t J8J!E-t ~ ;: C 11, G, ~:l{tJ::ffll~/vA*~ I..-Ob-t

IvA -IZI~ 1..-,c1- 1) 7 7- *rp'~I~I*l:il-t ~ :m~t<dj!;~~;fS/--C'il5 ~0;:0)1f:rL.!E.1/::.5MO)t~PX::fill17:fill~:to) 5 '0/E:JJ(ft1ilfJtO)mGnt-=: Palaeofusulina aff. bella, P. sp., Colaniella media,

C. parva, Neoendothyra sp., Nodosaria cf. radicula, and Abadehella cf. coni/ormis 0)
P. C. Aw. :5}j:~- • rrpfi1!i=

7 :fill~~clj.;HJ-=:o

Ulu Kelantan, southern part of Kotabaru
is the folded region of the Late Paleozoic
and Triassic strata. Numerous foramini.
feral specimens of the Late Palaeozoic(from Fusulinella zone to Palaeofusulina.
Colaniella zone), including fusulinids are
discovered in the Sungei Lebir (Lebir
River) of this region. However biostrati.
graphical studies have not been completed.
Received May 20, 1976; read Oct. 19, 1974

Palaeofusulina and Colaniella association
is discovered at several localities along
Sungei Paloh and S. Relai, branches ofS. Lebir. And the Lower Triassic beds
including Claraia concentrica overlie
seemingly conformably the Upper Per.
mian beds that bear Palaeofusulina andColaniella. By the first discovery of
Palaeofusulina and Colaniella fauna. thepresence of the Upper.most Permian was
confirmed in Malaysia.

at Nagoya.

407

408

P. C. AW, Ken-ichi ISHII and Yuji OKIMURA

In 1913 Palaeofusulina prisca had been
discovered at first by DEPRAT from Lang
Nac of Tonkin (North Viet-Nam) and in1924 Colaniella parva had been discovered
by COLAN I from Khon Loc of Tonkin.
Recently the reexamination of microfossils of the Upper Permian is becoming
important for international correlation,
furthermore in the course of palaeontological studies on the Permian-Triassic
boundary problems the biostratigraphicalsignificance of the smaller Foraminifera
is becoming clear. Fusulinid Foraminifera occur from the late early Carboniferous to the Permian and during thisperiod they distribute worldwide in theUpper Carboniferous and Lower andMiddle Permian. In the Upper Permian
their prosperity draws to a close and in
the end of Permian they become extinct.
In spite of the fact that the Upper Permian is a period of decline for fusulinids,in the Tethys region some fusulinids,that is to say, Palaeofusulina-Reichelina
fauna develops. Palaeofusulina-R eichelina
fauna is often accompanied with numerous smaller Foraminifera, among which
Colaniella is a typical index fossil of theUpper Permian.
In 1975 ISHII, OKIMURA and NAKAZAWA
made clear a biostratigraphical signifi-cance of Palaeofusulina-Colanielia faunain the Upper Permian. According totheir opinion, Palaeofusulina-Colaniellafauna is divided into two characteristic
faunas of species order. That is to say,the lower part of the Upper Permian is-characterized by Palaeofusulina simplexColaniella minima fauna, and the upper
part is characterized by Palaeofllslllina
sinensis-Colaniella pm'va fauna.
Malaysian fauna is composed of Palaeofusulina aff. bella, Colaniella media andand others. The above species of PalaeoJllsulina and Colaniella are often accompanied with P. sinensis and C. parva in

China and Japan. Accordingly, Malaysian
Palaeofusulina-Colaniella fauna is comparable to that of the Mikata Formation of
the Maizuru group in Japan and theChanghsing Limestone of the Lopingianin South China, which represents thelatest Permian.
We wish to express our most sincere
gratitude to Geological Survey of Malaysia and to Director General Mr. YIN EE
HENG for giving us facility of our studies.
We are also obliged to Prof. K. NAKAZAWA of Kyoto University for his help
and encouragement.
Geological setting

The type locality (FSKN-19) occurs instream called Sungei Paloh in South
Kelantan (see locality map). The fossils
were found in argillo-tuffaceous limestonewhich is interbedded with pyroclastic
rocks and minor argillaceous sediments.
The bedding trace generally strikes NNWSSE with dip to the WSW. The rocks
are folded, but owing to lack of continuous outcrops, local variation in bedding
trace and minor folds, the true structureand stratigraphy of the area are difficult
to decipher.
Together with the type locality there
seems to be 8 layers varying from 5 to
25 meters thick of argillo-tuffaceous
limestone occurring at various parts ofthe pyroclastic sequence. Some otherforaminifers have been found in some ofthe similar looking outcrops (FSKN-17,
18 & 20). Preliminary search in the otheroutcrops revealed some organic remains
in the thin sections.
The argillo-tuffaceous limestone is avery distinctive rock containing various
amounts of argillaceous matter and volcanic fragments. Locally it may grade
into argillite or tuff. The volcanic fragments are of various sizes ranging from

666.

Palaeofusulina-Colaniella fauna from Upper Malaysia
77

78

80

81

82

83

N

54

FSKN-18

1

~
....
0,.;-

409

53

,I
52

0-

'%~

51

C'C'o

50

~

Streamo FSKN-19

Fossil locality No.

l:::.

Argillo - tuffaceous outcrops(3

Gloroio locality\

Bedding trace with
dip directions+

Minor anticline

Fig. 1.

77

49

48

47

)

I

'\

FSKN-33
0
FSKN-32

I km 46

80

83

~

78

81

82

Map showing the sampling localities in the Sungei Palohand S. Relai areas, Kelantan, Malaysia.

less than 1 cm. to more than 10 cm indiameter. On eroded surfaces the volcanic fragments, being more resistant,
are well seen, but the calcareous parts
are eroded into irregular cavities (Fig. 2).
It is this vuggy appearance which gives
the rock its distinctive character.
Overlying the pyroclastic sequence
conformably is a layer about 40 meters
thick of marble interbedded and laminated with slate. In one part of theslate (FSKN-79) some pelecypods were
found. Mr. E. H. YIN tentatively identified one important genus, Claraia sp.
which TAMuRA (written communication)
later confirmed to be Claraia griesbachiconcentrica Y ABE of Lower to Middle
Sky tic age.

Systematic description

The description of foraminifers is madeby ISHII and OKIMURA. The described
specimens are kept at Geological Surveyof Malaysia H. Q.
Phyllum Protozoa
Class Rhizopoda
Order Foraminiferida
Family Fusulinidae
Subfamily Schubertellinae
Genus Palaeofusulina DEPRAT, 1912

PalaeofuSlIlil1a sp. aft. P. bella SHE:\GP. C. AW, Ken-ichi ISHII and Y'/,~ji OKIMURA

410

Fig. 2. Photog r ap h sho·ws t he typica l eroded surface of t he arg ill o·tuffaceous lime·stone. N ote the cavit ies an d tuff fra g ments. Scale : ba ll pen 14 cm. ( Photo by P. C. Aw)

PI. 43, fig.

Compare1963 . Pala eofusulina bella SI-IE NG, Paiaeont .
Sinica, N. S. E, no . 10, pp. 5-!, 55, 179,
180, pI. 10, figs . 25- 27.

. Materials-An axial, a sagitta l and atangential sections were examined, butsamp les are not so good . FSK N 32, 331 and 33-2.
Description- Test small thickl y fusiform w ith straight axis of coi li ng andwith bluntly pointed poles. Lateral slopes
slightly convex. Numbe r of vo lution
31/ 2.
Mature tests, 1.63- 1.85 mm lon g andSpecimen
FSKN 33-1
FSKN 33 - 2
FSKN 32

L.
1. 85
1. 63 ?

W.
1. 04
1. 19
1. 06+

1.04- 1.19 mm width; with form ratio 1.3+ 1.8. Test coil loosely, coi ling expands uniformly outward. Proloculus of typical
specimen spherical in shape, 0.18 mm. in
outside diameter. Sp irotheca thin, composed of a tectum and diaphanotheca,measuring 11 microns in thickness in
21 / 2 volution. Chomata not observed;
in outer volutions they seem to be substituted by pseudochomata w hich arewall of chamberlets at outside tunnel.
Tunnel well defined. Septa fluted throughout length of chamber, and chamberlets
often contac t with the floor of the next
chamber.

R.
1.8
1. 3+

P.

o. 18
0.11
O. 12

Vo l. no .
31 / 2
31/ 2
31/2

666.

Palaeofnsnlina-Colaniella fanna from Upper Malaysia
RV (mm)
2
3

1

0.12
0.12
0.12

0.26
0.29
0.27

0.44
0.50
0.42

Ratio of HI/RV
2
3

31/2
0.58
0.68
0.62

1.6
1.6

3
O. 17
O. 23
0.15

3 1/2
0.23
O. 23
0.26

1.6
1.9

1.6
1.5

HV (mm)31/2
1.7

pI., fig.

2
0.14
O. 17
0.14

0.06
O. 08
0.08

411

43

L. length, W. width, R. ratio, P. pro loculus, Vol. no. number of volution, RV.
radius vector, HI. half length, HV. height of volution

Remarks-The present specimens resemble Palaeofusulina bella SHENG fromthe Changhsing Limestone exposed near
Zhongliangshan of Chungking, Szechuan
Province in South China, in the test
form, size, form ratio at maturity, andother shell characters.
However, thewriters do not identify the present specimens with Palaeofusulina bella by a reason
that the Malaysian specimens are notsufficient in the individual number.
The present specimens are comparablewith Palaeofusulina sinensis from thesame locality in South China, but theformer differs from the ·latter in small
size, relatively broader septal fluting
and fewer number of volutions.
Horizon-Palaeofusulina bella SHENG
occurs in Palaeofusulina-Reichelina fauna
which is represented by Palaeofusulina
sinensis, P. prisca, Reichelina cribroseptata,
R. changhsingensis, etc. from the Palaeofusulina zone, Lopingian, South China.

Only one axial section in poorly preservation with a minute proloculus
measuring about 0.06 mm. in outer diameter. Test small thickly fusiform withstraight axis of coiling and with bluntly
pointed poles. Lateral slope slightly convex. Number of volution 3. Coiling expands rapidly in the last volution. The
heights of the first to the third volution
are 0.05, 0.09 and 0.03 mm. (last 21/2),
respectively.
Spirotheca thin, composed of a tectumand diaphanotheca. Chomata seem to be
substituted by pseudochomata which arewall of chamberlets at outside tunnel.
Tunnel well defined. Septa fluted throughout length of chamber.
Remarks-The present specimen resemble Palaeofusulina simplicata SHENG fromthe Changhsing Limestone near Zisongzheng of Wangmo, Kueichow Province ofSouth China in shell form, the feature of
septal fluting and other shell characters.
Since. this form is represented by only
one axial section which is brokened inouter shell. it is better to leave thisspecimen unnamed until more sufficientmaterial becomes available.

Palaeofusulina sp.
PI. c13, fig. 2

?
2
O. 18

P.

Vol. no.

pI.

fig.

0.06

3

43

2

HV (mm)Ratio of HI RV

RV (mm)

0.09

R.
?

W.

L.

Specimen
FSKN 20

3
0.55

1
1.0

2

3

1.3

1.1

2

0.05

0.09

3
0.30

412

P. C. AW, Ken-ichi ISHII and Yuji OKIMURA
Family Colaniellidae
Genus Colaniella LIKHAREV, 1939
Colaniella media M-MAKLA Y
PI. 43, figs. 5, 6 and 9

1954. Colaniella media M·MAKLAY, State Sci.
Tech. Publ. Ceol. Literat., p. 55, pl. 7,
figs. 1-8, pI. 8, fig. 1.
1966. Colaniella media, WANG, Act. Paleont.
Sinica, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 214 (in Chinese),pI. 3, figs. 6-14.
1975. Colaniella parva, TAZAWA, Jour. Ceol.
Soc. Japan, vol. 81, no. 10, pI. 1, figs.
7 and 8.

Afaterials-All the examined specimens
belonging to this species are partly
broken out and incomplete; there are an
obliquely longitudinal (from the loco
FSKN 20), a transverse (from the loco
FSKN 19) and some oblique sections
which may be referable to this species.
Their partition-character of the thirdorder could not be clearly defined because of the poor preservation.
Description-Test relatively large insize, conoidal, tapered toward a proloculus,
consisted of strongly overlapped 13
chambers or more. Chambers broadly
flattened in central part, and steeplySuchinclined in the lateral parts.
squarish bowl-shaped chambers uniserially and rectilinearly arranged, increasing
gradually in size except for ones of thelater stage slightly and gently decreased.
Additional angle of chambers about 45
degrees more or less in the early stage.
Wall calcareous, thick in comparison
with shell-size, consists of two layers;outer layer thick and vitreous, and inner
layer very thin, probably microgranular.
Interior of chambers subdivided into 15
or more chamberlets by longitudinal
plain partitions of the first order. The
small partitions of the second ordercommonly developed, but the third partitions in order may be only observed in
the last stage. Aperture single, openingat terminal end of the last chamber,having probably radial incisions formedby projections of the first longitudinal
partitions in order.
Dimensions-Although the true length
could not measured owing to the absenceof the complete specimen, the length of
this species from the Kelantan may bereached 1.0 mm. or more. judging fromthe maximum length of the figured oblique sectio.n (pI. 43, fig. 5). The maximum width 0.61 mm. in the figured transverse section (pI. 43, fig. 6).
Remarks-The species more resembles
Colaniella parva (COLAN I) in shell form
than any other species of Colaniella, but
the former is distinguished from thelatter with the broadly flattened central
part, and steep inclination of the lateralpart of chambers, and strongly tapered
shell of the younger stage.
Horizon-Itis well known thatColaniellamedia M-MAKLA Y is an index fossil ofthe upper Dzhulfian age. M-MAKLA'Y(1954) defined first this species from the
Nikitin and Urshten formations, Dzhulfianof the Northern Caucasus. In South
China, this species is an importantfaunal element of the upper Upper
Permian (WANG, 1966).
Colaniella parva (COLANI)
PI. 43, fig. 7
andColanielLa sp. d. C. parva (COLAN!)
PI. 43, fig. 8

192.1. Pyramis parva COLANl, Indochine, Ceol.
Surv. Mem., vol. 11, fasc. 1-2, p. 181,
pl. 29, figs. 2, 4-14, 15a-f, 16-17, 19,21
and 24.
1939. Colaniella parva, LlKIIAREV, An atlas of

666.

Palaeofusulina-Colaniella fauna f1'om Upper Malaysia

the leading forms of fossil fauna of the
USSR; vol. 6, Permian, Leningrad Cent.
Ceol. Prospect. Inst., p. 25-31, pI. 1,
figs. 10-13.
1946. Pyramis parva, REICHEL, Eclogae Ceol.
Helv., vol. 38, no. 2, p. 542, 544, 547,
pI. 19, figs. 13, 14, p. 543, tf. 32a-h, p.
545,tf. 33, p. 546, tf. 34.
195-1. Colaniella parva, M-MAKLAY, Trud.
Vses. Nauch-Issled. Ceol. Inst (VSEGEI),
p. 52-54, pI. 4, figs. 1-12.
1966. Colaniella parva, WANG, Acta Paleont.
Sinica, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 214, (inChinese), pI. 4, figs. 13-18.
1975. Colaniella parva, OKIMURA, ISHII and
NAKAZAWA, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ.,
Ser. Ceol. Mineral., vol. XLI, no. 2, p.
29-30, pI. 1, figs. 9-12.
1975. Colaniella parva, TAZAWA, jour. Ceol.
Soc. japan, vol. 81, no. 10, p. 632-633,
pI. 1, figs. 5-6, 9-11.
1965. Colaniella parva, ISHII, OKIMURA and
NAKAZAWA, jour. Ceosci. Osaka City
Univ., vol. 19, art. 6, pI. 1, figs. 1-3,
pI. 4, fig. 4.

Materials-A transverse and a few
oblique sections were examined, and anearly longitudinal section is comparable
to this species. The specimens aremainly occurred from the loco FSKN 20.
Description- Test large, subovoid, tapered weakly toward a proloculus. 12
or more chambers of dome-shape strongly
overlapped, uniserially and rectilinearlyarranged; increasing gradually from theearly to middle stages and decreasing
gently in the later stage in size. Lateralpart of chambers draws an arc-line. 14
longitudinal plain partitions of the firstorder radially arranged, and 28 smallchamberlets divided into compartments
by the thin partitions of the second order.
The third small partitions in orderdeveloped on the chamber floor of thelast stage. Wall calcareous, composed ofthick vitreous outer layer, and indistinctive, thin, dense inner layer. Aperture

413

single, round funnel-like with radial
incisions, opening on the terminal partof the last chamber.
Dimensions-The maximum width 0.64
mm. in the figured specimen (pI. 43, fig.
7). The maximum length 1.24 mm. andthe maximum width 0.68mm in the nearlylongitudinal section of the comparable
specimen figured in pI. 43, fig. 8.
Remarks- The species is closely allied
to Colaniella media M-MAKLA Y in theform, structure and size of the shell.
However, the latter are characterizedwith the broadly flattened floor in its
central part of the chambers, and also
differs from the former in its steep inclination of the lateral part of chambers.
T AZA W A'S specimens were described
as C. parva (pI. I, figs. 7 and 8, 1975)
from the Upper Permian of the Kitakami
Massif, may be referred to Colaniellamedia M-MAKLA Y by their steep inclination of the lateral part and broadly
flattened central part of chambers.
Horizon- The occurrences of Colaniellaparva (COLANI) are worldwidely limited
to the formations which are correlated to
the Upper Dzhulfian age (the Dorashamian)of the Tethysian Sea as follows; Greece,
Northern Caucasus, Indochine, South
China, Japan and South Sichote-Alin.
ISHII, OKIMURA and NAKAzAwA (1975)
discussed on these localities and the foraminiferal faunas, and estimated thisspecies is the zonal index fossil of theUpper Dzhulfian.
Family T etrataxidae
Genus Abadehella OKIMURA
and ISHII, 1975

Abadehella sp. d. A. conifonnis
OKIMURA and ISHII
PI. 43, fig. 18

414

P. C. Aw, Ken-ichi ISHII and Yuji OKIMURA

Compare-Compare-1975. Abadehella coni/ormis OKI:-IURA andISHII, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser.
Ceol. Mineral., vol. XLI, no. 1, p. 43,
pI. 2, figs. 1-5, 7 and 8, pI. 1, fig. 3,
pI. 4, figs. 2-4.
1975. Abadehella coni/onnis, ISHII, OKIMURA
and NAKAzAwA, Jour. Ceosci. Osaka
City Univ., vol. 19, art. 6, pI. 3, fig. 9,
pI. 4, fig. 13.

1965. Neoendolhyra sp. No.2, REITLI:\GER,
Oldel. Nauk Zemle, Ceol. Inst., Bop.
Mikropaleont., No.9, p. 61, (diagnosisof the genus Neoendothyra) , pI. 1, figs.
4 and 5.
1975. Neoendothyra sp., ISHII, OKI~1URA and
NAKAzAwA, Jour. Ceosci. Osaka City
Univ., vol. 19, art. 6, pI. 2, fig. 13.

Descriptive remarks-Although an oblique section is only examined, from theloco FSKN 20, with respect to the development of septal partitions, the conicalshell-form and size of basal part, and thechamber arrangement, these charactersof this specimen are comparable to thoseof many specimens from the lower partof the Abadeh formation, the Upper
Permian of the Central Iran. Lateralslope is slightly concave on one side, andslightly uneven in the later stage. Wallis calcareous, consisting of two layers;thin, dark microgranular outer layer, andthick, vitreous inner layer. Small chamberlets of 12 or more in number arecompartmented by septal partitions which
are similar to the structure of the outerwall.
Horizon- The occurrences of Abadehellaconi/ormis OKIMURA and ISHII are limited
to the Upper Permian as follows; The
Abadeh formation of the Central Iran,the Zewan formation of the Kashmir ofNorthern India, the Takauchi andKashiwadani limestones of the Maizuru
group of Southwest Japan, and the Iwaizaki limestone of the Kanokura formationof Northeast Japan.
Family Endothyriidae
Genus Neoendothyra REITLINGER, 1965

Neoendothyra sp;
PI. 43, fig. 14

i'v/ateria/-An axial section in regard to
the later volution was only examined,from the loco FSKN 20.
Description-Test small, involute, lenticular form tapered in the marginal part;consists of two volutions, but the coilingaxes of the early and the later parts
obliquely joined. Umbilical part roundly
convexed on one side, but on the otherside slightly plain. A few small chambersin the first volution observed, but its
number obscured and unknown due tothe notable development of the secondary
deposits in the axial part and on thefloor of the second whorl. The characters of septa and aperture also unknown
owing to the absence of the sagittal
section in regard to the later volution.
Wall calcareous, thin, consists of a heterogeneous microgranular calcite.
Dimensions-The maximum length 0.40
mm. and the maximum width 0.21 mm.
in the figured specimen (pI. 43, fig. 14).
Form ratio about 0.52.
Remarks-This specimen is closely
similar to REITLINGER'S specimen of
Neoendothyra sp. No.2 (1965, pI. 1, fig.
5) with respect to the inflated lenticularshell-form and the remarkable development of secondary deposits such as axial
filling similar to those in some fusulinid,
and the rotated axis between the earlyand later stages. But in shell-size theformer is smaller than the latter, inwhich the maximum length and width
were measured 0.53 mm. and 0.35 mm.
respectively in REITLINGER'S figure.

666.

Palaeofusulina-Colaniella fauna from Upper Malaysia

This species differs from Neoendothyra
reicheli REITLINGER in its inflated lenticular shell-form, and is also distinguishedfrom N. parva (LANGE) in its notable development of the secondary deposits.
Horizon-It is noteworthy that the typespecies of Neoendothyra reicheli, wasdescribed from the lower triassic of the"Induan" of Dzhulfa area, Transcaucasus,
USSR, although Neoendothyra sp. No.2,
of REITLINGER (1965) was reported form
the Gnishkskii horizon, the upper Middle
Permian of the Baisal Mountain, Transcaucasus, USSR. The referable specimen
is figured by ISHII et al. (1975) as afaunal element of the Lepidolina kumaensis
zone from the Haigyu formation of the
Shikoku, Southwest Japan.
Family Nodosariidae
Genus Nodosaria LAMARCK, 1812

Nodosaria sp. cf. N. radicula (LINNE)
PI. 43, fig. 16

Compare1854. Nodosaria geinitzi, REUSS, Jahresbericht
Wetterauer Cesel., vol. for 1851-1853, p.
77, fig. 12.
1876. Nodosaria radicula (LINNE), BRADY
Paleontgr. Soc. Pub I. 30, p. 124-127, pI.
10, figs. 6-16.
1959. Nodosaria
geinitzi,
KASHRICHEV,
Yaktsuk Fit. Sibil. atdel. Akad. Nauk
USSR., p. 16, pI. 1, fig. 3.
1965. Nodosaria ex gr. geinitzi, REITLI:"GER,
atdel. Nauk Zeml. Ceol. Inst. Mikropaleont. No.9, pI. 2, fig. 11.
1970. Nodosaria geinitzi, ZAWADOVSKY et aI.,
Minist. Ceol. RSCSR., lvlazadanesk
Knik. Izdat., p. 31, pI. 85, figs. 8-9.

Material-A longitudinal section of theadult part was only examined, from theloco FSKN 20. Although the specimen isincomplete one, the species is identified
by its sub globose chambers of regular

415

size.
Description-Test small, cylindricalform with distinct sutures perpendicular
to longitudinal axis. Three subglobose
chambers of the adult stage uniseriallyand rectilinearly arranged. Chambers of
the early stage brocken out, but ones ofregular size in adult stage the most important character to identify this species.
Wall calcareous, transparent, composed ofindistinct fibrous calcite, and thickened
in apertural part. Aperture single, relatively large composed with shell-size,
funnel-like, opens at terminal part ofshell.
Dimensions-In the figured specimen(pI. 43, fig. 16), the maximum length 0.53
mm. and the maximum width 0.19 mm.
Chamber-height 0.09 mm. to 0.11 mm.
The complete specimen have a shell of
0.9 mm. more or less in length and 0.25
mm. more or less in width in the Russian
specimens compared above, therefore theearly part of this examined specimen
must be broken out.
Comparison-Nodosaria radicula (LINNE)
is easily distinguished from any otherspecies of Nodosaria in its subglobularchambers of almost analogous size
throughout the growth stage, or veryslightly tapered shell, but this specimen
is designated a sa comparable species because of an incomplete one.
Horizon-The age of all the specimens
described from the Permian Zechstein ofGermany can not be known in detail,but according to BRADY (1876) this species
is commonly distributed in the Kupferschiefer of Germany' and MiddleZechstein,
and in England it is confined to theupper Magnesian Limestone Series. The
Russian specimens are reported from theOmolonskaya horizon (U fimskii), lower
Upper Permian, and from the" Induan"(Dorashamian) of the Transcaucasus.

416

P. C. Aw, Ken-ichs ISHII and Yuji OKIMURA

On the faunal characters of Foraminifera from the Upper
Permian sediments in
the Kelantan
The identified foraminifers from theSungei Paloh and S. Rerai area, Kelantan
and their localities (Fig. 1) are listed asfollows (the numbers in round brackets
show the figured ones of the plate):
Locality FSKN 19; agglomerate withbiolithite-pebbles
Palaeofusulina
sp..
Reichelina sp., Colaniella media M-MAKLAY, C. sp., Glomospira sp., Lunucamminasp., and Pachyphloia sp.
Locality FSKN 20; argillo-tuffaceous
limestone. Chusenella? sp., Palaeofusulina
aff. bella SHENG, P. sp. (2), Reichelina sp.
(4), Staffella sp., Abadehella d. coniformis
OKIMURA and ISHII (18), Agathammina
sp. (15), Cribrogenerina sp., Colaniellamedia M-MAKLA Y (5, 9), C. parva (COLANI)(7), C. d. parva (COLANI) (8), c. sp.,
Globivalvulina sp. (19), Glomospira sp.,
Lunucammina sp. (12), Nodosaria cf.
radicula (LINNE) (16), Nodosinella? sp.,

Neoendothyra sp. (14). Pachyphloia sp.,
Tuberitina sp. and Palaeotextulariids.
Locality FSKN 32; tuffaceous calcirudite. Palaeofusulina aff. bella SHENG, P.
sp., Reichelina sp. (3), Colaniella sp. (10),Cribrogenerina sp. (11), Glomospira sp.,
Lunucammina sp., Nodosaria? sp., Pachyphloia sp., Palaeotextularia sp., Paraglobivalvulina? sp. and Tetrataxis sp. (17).
Locality FSKN 33; taffaceous calcirudite. Palaeofusulinaa ff. bella SHENG (1),Reichelina? sp., Agathammina sp. andColaniella sp.
The foraminiferal fauna of this area
consists mainly of the foraminifers oflong range from the Middle to the upper
Upper Permian, as REITLINGER (1954,
fig. 2) showed synthetically and phylogenetically on the Upper Permian foraminifers from the Transcaucasus, USSR,
and as ISHII et al. (1975, table 1 and pI.
4) showed with a faunal list of the Upper
Permian of Japn.
However, Palaeofusulina and Colaniellain this area are very important index
fossils of the upper Upper Permian as
above mentioned description. According-Explanation of Plate 43
Fig. 1. Palaeofusulina aff. bella SHE:-;G. Axial section, loco FSKN 33, x 30.
Fig. 2. Palaeofusulina ap. Axial section, loco FSKN 20, x 50.
Fig. 3. Codollofusiella sp. Sagittal section, loco FSKN 32, x 50.
Fig. 4. Reichelina sp. Axial section, loco FSKN 20, x 80.
Figs. 5, 6 and 9. Colaniella media M-MAKLAY. 5; oblique section, loco FSKN 20, x 36. 6;transverse section, loco FSKN 19, x 36. 9; obliquely longitudinal section, loco FSKN 32, x 50.
Fig. 7. Colaniella parva (COLAN I) . Transverse section, loco FSKN 20, x 50.
Fig. 8. Colaniella d. parva (COLANI). Longitudinal section, loco FSKN 20, x 50.
Fig. 10. Colaniella sp. Oblique section, loco FSKN 32, x 50.
Fig. 11. Cribrogenerina sp. Oblique section. loco FSKN 32, x 50.
Fig. 12. Lunucammina sp. Normal longitudinal section, loco FSKN 20, x 50.
Fig. 13. Tllberitina sp. Cross section, loco FSKN 20, x 80.
Fig. 14. Neoendothyra sp. Axial section, loco FSKN 20, x 50.
Fig. 15. Agathammina sp. Cross section, loco FSKN 20, x 80.
Fig. 16. Nodosaria d. radicula (LIl':-':E). Longitudinal section, loco FSKK 20, x 80.
Fig. 17. Tetrataxis sp. Longitudinal section, loco FSKN 32, x 80.
Fig. 18. Abadehella d. coniformis OKI:'vlURA. and IS~lll. Oblique section, loco FSKN 20, x 80.
Fig. 19. Globivalvulina sp. Oblique section, loco FSKN 20, x 50.

Aw, ISHII and OK/MURA:

Palaeofusulina-Colaniella

Plate 43

666.

Palaeofus1,~lina-Colaniella fauna from Upper Malaysia

ly, the foraminiferal fauna including theadvanced forms of Palaeofusulina andColaniella in this area is unquestionablyreferable to the Palaeofusulina sinensisColaniella parva fauna of the upper
Upper Permian estimated by ISHII. OK!MURA and NAKAZAWA (1975).
Hereafter, it goes without saying that
the Permian-Triassic formations of thisarea should be biostratigraphically studied, and based on the more detailed fieldobservation and more samples.
References
BRADY, H. B. (1876): A monograph of Carboniferous and Permian Foraminifera(the genus Fusulina excepted). Palaeont.
Soc. Publ., vol. 30, 166 p., pIs. 1-12.
COLANI, M. (1924): Nouveau contribution al'etude des Fusulinides l'Extreme-Orient.
Mem. Ser. Ceol. l'Indochine, vol. 11. no.
1, p. 1-191, pIs. 1-29.
G01313ETT, D. J. and HUTCHISON, C. S. (1972) :Ceology of the Malay Peninsula, West
Malaysia and Singapore. Regional Geology Series, Wiley-Interscience, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
ISIIII, K., OKIMURA, Y. and NAKAzAwA, K.
(1975): On the genus Colaniella and its
Biostra tigraphic Significance. jour. Ceosci.
Osalw City Univ., vol. 19, art. 6, p. 107129, pIs. 1-4.
KASHRICHEV, A.A. (19;;9):Atlas of thePermian fauna in the Northeastern USSR.
Yakutscuk Fil. Sibilsk. Otdel. Akad. Nauk,
USSR, Izdat. Akad. Nauk USSR, Moskwa,
p. 1-85, pIs. 1-44.
MIKLUKHO-MAKLAY, K. V. (1954): Foraminifera of the Upper Permian Deposits of
the Northern Caucasus. State Sci. Tech.
Publ. House, Ceol. Literature, p. 1-163,
pIs. 1-19 (in Russian).
NAKAzAwA, K. et al. (197;;): Upper Permian
Fossils from Island of Salamis, Greece.
Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Ceol.
Mineral., vol. XLI, no. 2, p. 21-44, pIs. 1-3.
OKINIURA, Y., ISHII, K. and NAKAzAwA, K.
(1975): Abadehella, A new Genus of417

Tetrataxid Foraminifera from the Late
Permian. Ibid., vol. XLI, no. 1, p. 35-48,
pIs. 1-4.
REITLI0.'GER, D. A. (1965): Development ofForaminifera during the Late Permianand Early Triassic Epoch in Transcaucasia. Akad. Nauk, USSR, Bop. Mikropaleont., No.9, p. 4;;-66, pIs. 1-2 (inRussian).
SIIE0.'G, J. C. (1963): Permian Fusulinids ofKwangsi, Kueichow and Szechuan.
Paleont. Sinica, N. S. B, no. 10, p. 1-247,
pIs. 1-35 (in Chinese with English description of species).
SOSKINA, M. I. (1960): Microfaunistic zones
in Carboniferous and Permian Deposits of
the Sichote-Alin. Intern. Ceol. Congr. 21
Session, Rep. Soviet Ceol. Problem 6, p.
6;;-68 (In Russian with English abstract).
TA\IURA, M. (1968): Claraia from North
Malaya, with a Note on the Distributionof Claraia in Southeast Asia.
Ceol.
Paleont. Southeast Asia, vol. 5, p. 78-87,
pI. 1.
- - et al. (1975): The Triasic System of
Malaysia, Thailand and Some Adjacent
Areas. Ibid., vol. 15, p. 103-149.
Uppermost Permian
TAzAwA, J. (1975):
Fossils from the Southern Kitakami
Mountains, Northeast Japan. jour. Ceol.
Soc. japan, vol. 81, no. 10, p. 629-6-10, pIs.
1-2.
TORIYAWA, R. (1973): Upper Permian Fusulininan Zones. Perm. Trias. Syst, Mutual
Boundary, p. 498-512.
W A:"G, K. L. (1966): On the Colaniella in its
two allied new Genera. Acta Paleont.
Sinica, vol. 14, p. 206-232, pIs. 1-5.
- - and SUN, X-F. (1973): Carbiniferous
and Permian Foraminifera of the Chinling
Range and its Geologic Significance.
Acta Ceol. Sinica, no. 2, p. 137-178, pIs.
1-7 (in Chinese with English abstract anddescription of species).
ZAVODOVSKII, V.M. et al. (1970): Atlas of
the Permian Fauna and Flora in the
Northerneast USSR. Minist. Ceol. RSFSR.,
Northeast Ordena Trud. Krasn. Znam.
Ceol. Uprabl., Mazadan, Knik., Izdat., p.
1-407, pIs. 1-101 (in Russian).

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 104, pp. 418-423, pI. 44, Jan. 20, 1977

667. A BRIEF NOTE ON ANCYLOCERAS FROM THE
HAIDATEYAMA FORMATION, KYUSHU*
MASAYUKI NODA
Wasadahigashi Junior High School, Oitan1+[~tJlhl!J\';\l J: I) i£:l±llJ: Ancyloceras K. ":)\" -C:

JRn1'1'[Ii')t\;:X:1j!flC -IT /' f t/ ~ 'Y '1-tl/1
c 1"Ji-li.h, i£:1±l-t.:5 {t:tlf,f- J: I) 'gtl~.h -C ~ t-.:o Jii!:~lctJ::-? -C -tli')r$J! J: I) /( 1/ ~ 7 /'~7 7° '1- 7

m~jf; 1..- -C1Vi ]t (1'0 IclllIfl±l-t .:5 r'1lll~!I!!*Ii'):ttl!.~liMtmi1lNH~J:$~fC~-t.:5 -C.;!;;:, 5c/,1i')~~'1lIl~M.~~.:5~.~Kt~~-C~~~jf;*~:tl~;!;.:5An0~uros~~~~.hko::"Ii')::" iI'G[ji]NHIi')!fIff<;, MIC-tli')r$NHfiytJ: C t 7 7°'1-7 /,~Ii')r$, tJ:\" Ui ~ GIC<c/( 1/ ~ 7 /'~M'Ii')Jii!:J:h'f\ ('gtl~r$~li')r$tJ:\"I) m.:5 ::..
.:5 0

c

Ui ~ Gfc~m~Ii'):/&J:fjjl) IC i -c.~ iI 'Ii') If.
iI~f!lJ Gil' IC tJ: A-.:o *~ffi'i-C'li(t:tlIi')BGtil:lc1Jn;t -C [iIJ}g: Ii') !fIff<; IC ":)\" -C:j3}I'!I!lM~~.7;..
ffm~z.

geological age of the Haidateyama Formation.
Before going further, I express mysincere thanks to Professor Tatsuro MATSUMOTO of Kyushu University for hiskind guidance and critical reading thetypescript.

Introduction
The Lower Cretaceous Haidateyama
Formation outcrops in the area of Mt.
Haidateyama and its northern foot, eastern Kyushu. The area belongs to the
Chichibu Terrain of the Outer Zone ofSouthwest Japan.
The stratigraphy and the geologicalstructure of the area were previously
reported by FUJII (1954) and TERAOKA(1970). FUJII correlated this formation
to the Albian Yatsushiro Formation ofwestern Kyushu, by means of faunalassemblage. Further, TERAOKA pointed
out that the Haidateyama Formation may
include somewhat younger sediments
than the Yatsushiro Formation on thestratigraphic evidence (see TERAOKA
1970, p~ 12).
In 1972, I unexpectedly obtained a
specimen of ammonite from the lower
part of this formation. In this paper I
describe the specimen and reexamine theGeological setting
The Haidateyama Formation mainly
outcrops in the Haidateyama area. It is
commonly demarcated by faults and inpart unconformably oversteps the Paleozoic strata. The same formation is also
exposed in another tectonic zone in thenorth which extends from Osaka to
Higashidani. The outcrops are shownin Text-fig. 1.
1. Haidateyama area. The Haidateyama Formation in the type Haidateyama area (Text-fig. 1, A; Text-fig. 2, A)
can be divided into the following threemembers by minor sedimentary cycles.
(1). Basal member (HK 1). About 300
m in thickness, mainly massive conglo-

Received Aus. 20, 1976; read Oct. 19,
1974 at Nagoya.

418

667.

Ancyloceras from Haidateyama Formation
EXPLANATION
1I;;~~~~

4~

2~

5

rnm

[--I

6

[ill]

3

7

419

___

8

Text-fig. 1. Geological map of the Haidateyama area. A: Haidateyama area, B:
Osaka and Higashidani areas, 1: conglomerate, 2: red conglomerate, 3: sandstone, 4:
mudstone, 5: older complex, 6: Upper Cretaceous (Tano Formation), 7: fault, 8: fossil
locality (after TERAoKA, 1970).

meratic deposits with interbeds of sandy
siltstone. Lower part: ill-sorted angularor subangular boulders and cobbles.
Upper part: wel1-sorted conglomeratewith wel1 rounded pebbles and greenish
or reddish matrix and becoming gradual1y finer upward.
(2). Lower member (HK 2). About
1060 m in thickness. Lower part: thickbedded conglomerate with intercalationsof dark gray or green siltstone. Conglomerate mainly composed of ill-sorted
chert breccias with siliceous materix.
Upper part: alternation of siltstone andsandstone with frequent interbeds ofconglomerate and with more predominantmudstone upward. Plant fossils contained
at two horizons and mol1uscan fossils at

three horizons. The described fossil was
obtained at Loc. HK204 of this member.
. (3). . Upper member (HK 3). Thickness
at least 800 m but the upper limit isunknown because of the synclinal structure. Granule conglomerate, dark graysandy mudstone and fine-grained sandstone. The sandy mudstone includes two
fossiliferous beds, of which lower one
contains plant fossils and the upper one
neritic bivalves.
2. Osaka and Higashidani areas. The
Haidateyama Formation in another zone
(Text-fig. 1, B; Text-fig. 2, B) extending
from Osaka to Higashidani outcrops infour .narrow belts separated by faults.
The three in the Osaka area are demarcated respectively by strike faults with

Masayttki NODA

420
A

B

•
•

HK402
HK401

l. .

__ . -=.
· "'~, r.-=
..

~=.::

- :":- :"':::

eo HK301

HKJ02.-r <~:.':.~~.:..~.~-:

•

HK205

•

HK204

o

HK20J

•

HK202

o

HK201

g~.!.%

Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic columnar
section of the Haidateyama Formation.
solid circle: animal fossil, empty circle:
plant fossil (adapted from TERAoKA,
1970).

ENE-WSW trend, showing sandwich
structure between the Paleozoic strata,
and the other in the Higashidani area isunconformably overstepped by the Upper
Cretaceous Tano Formation. The sequence is incomplete in these belts.
(1). Southern belt of Osaka area (HK1). Mainly conglomeratic deposits about
150 m in thickness, with partial interbeds
of sandy siltstone or fine-grained sandstone. The conglomerate is referable tothat of the basal member in the type
Haidateyama area.
(2). Northern belt of Osaka area. The
sequence probably represents the upperhorizon than that of southern belt andis separated by fault in two outcrops, ofwhich the southern one probably correlates to a certain horizon of the Lower
member in the type Haidateyama area
(HK 2), consists of alternation of sandstone and mudstone with intercalationsof conglomerate. Another one probably
corresponds to (HK 3) in the type area,
sandstone and mudstone in alternation,with predominant shale at the top in thevisible sequence. Neritic bivalves common in calcareous sandstone.
(3). Higashidani area. Lower limit
faulted. About 680 m in thickness invisible sequence, mainly composed ofsandstone, shale and their alternation,with partial interbeds of granule conglomerate. Neritic molluscan fossils foundat two horizons of the shaly part. According to the paleontological evidence,the sequence probably represents theuppermost member of this formation(HK 4).
The stratigraphic positions of fossil
localities and their guide map are shownin Text-figs. 2 and 3 respectively.

Paleontological description
Superfamily Ancylocerataceae
MEEK, 1876
Family Ancyloceratidae MEEK, 1876
Genus Ancyloceras D'ORBIGNY, 1842
Subgenus Ancyloceras s. str.
Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras) sp.
aff. Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras)

vandenheckii ASTIER
PI. 44, Fig. la, b, c, dMaterial- Only one specimen (GK.
HI0302) is concerned with description.

667.

Ancyloceras from Haidateyama Formation

421

MEJIRO-PASS~K)04

Mt. HAIDATEVAMA~1i<bSHIGOE
X

2kmi...-===i-====.
Text·fig. 3.

Fossil localities of the Haidateyama Formation.

It is a fragmentary shaft, but the original
ornaments and suture line descernible.
Description-Open spiral shell with
gradually enlarging shaft, fairly com·pressed secondarily. Shaft gently curved,
probably oval in cross·section and widest
at the umbilical tubercles. Trituberculate
ribs rursiradiate and inequidistant. Ventrolateral and lateral tubercles nearly
equally strong and larger than the umbi·
lical ones, which are placed at about
two thirds from the venter. Two or
three intermediary ribs without tubercles
constantly seen each interspace of the
primary ones. Dorsal ribs fine, denseand bent forward. Two primary ribs
and two intermediaries on the flank cor·

responding to five ribs on the dorsum;
some dorsal ribs continue with the intermediaries, others bifurcated from theumbilical tubercle or simply intercalated.
Sutureline complex, consisting of E, L, U
and I, with bifid saddles and trifid lobes.
U is smaller than 1.
Comparison-The specimen closely resembles the hitherto described specimensof Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras) vandenheckii
ASTIER, 1851 (see SARKER 1955, p. 136;
THOMEL 1964, p. 54, pI. 8, figs. 1-5) fromthe Upper Barremian of Barreme, France,in the widely open spiral, the oval trans·verse section of shaft, the dense ribs on
the dorsum and the rursiradiate trituber.
culate ribs and intermediaries on the422

Masayuki NODA

flank. The distinction is in that ASTIER'S
specimen shows one or two interme·diaries on each interspace, rapidly en·
larging shaft and the lower position ofumbilical tubercles situated at about
three fourths from the venter. The
present specimen, however, may be as·cribed to a form of variation of thatspecies considering the secondary de·formation.
Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras) ma n tell i
CASEY from the Lower Greensand of
Atherfield, England, also resembles thepresent specimen in trituberculate ribs
(CASEY, 1960). But the present specimen
is not identified with that species which
has rapidly enlarged shell height, one
or two intermediaries on each interspaceof the primary ribs, higher position ofumbilical tubercles and prorsiradiateribbing.
The illustration of Ancyloceras (An.
cyloceras) matheronianu17l D'ORBIGNY(1842, p. 497, pI. 122) from the Lower
Aptian of Bedoule, France, shows awidely open spiral, compressed cross·section and sutureline with bifid saddles
and trifid lateral and dorsal lobes. In
these characters the present specimen
closely resembles the D'ORBIGNY'S speci.
men but is distinguishable from it that
has inequidistantly tuberculate ribs, lessintermediaries and the higher position of
the umbilical tubercles.
From the above comparison, the pre·sent specimen is not exactly identified
with any of the previously described
species of Ancyloceras s. str. It may
represent a new species which is closely

allied to Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras) van·denheckii ASTIER. As another alterna·
tive, it could be regarded as representing
a variation of that species, but the
number and preservation of the available
specimens are insufficient.
Occurrence-Dark gray siltstone of theLower member of the Haidateyama For·mation. Locality: HK204, location; Long.
131°39'14/1E. Lat. 32° 56'47/1N. On thesouthern slope of Mt. Haidateyama,
Honjo Village, Minamiamabe County,
Oita Prefecture. Together with Neithea(Neithea) atava ROMER, Gervillaria ham.
dae (YOKOYAMA), As/m-te (Astarte) sub.
senecta YABE et NAGAO. Ptycomya den.
sicostata NAGAo, Goniomya subarchiaci
NAGAO, Plecto7llya aritagawana HAY AMI,
Nanonavis yokoyamai (YABE et NAGAO),
Panopea (Myopsis) plicata (SOWERBY),
Scittila japonica HAY AMI, Pterotrigonia
hokkaidoana (YEHARA), Heteraster sp.
and Paraheteraster spp.
Note on geological age

FUJII (1954) correlated this formation
with the Albian Yatsushiro Formation
by means of the faunal assemblage. The
species, however, were all of long rang·
ing and there was no species which in·dicates the exact geological age of theformation. TERAoKA (1970) mentionedthat the uppermost part of this forma·tion may represent somewhat younger
stage than that of the Yatsushiro For·mation, according to the stratigraphic
evidence.
Ancyloceras characterizes the age near

Explanation of Plate 43
Fig. la-d. Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras) sp. aff. Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras) vandenheckii ASTIER
GK. H10302, natural size, internal mould from Lac. HK204 (call. M. NODA, 1972). a:
lateral view, b: opposite side of a, c: dorsal view, d: sutureline.

NODA:

Ancyloceras from Haidateyama Formation

Plate 44

667.

Ancyloceras from Haidateyama Formation

the boundary between the Barremianand Aptian as CASEY (1960) mentioned.

Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras)

vandenheckii

ASTIER represents' the uppermost partof the Barremian of Southeast France.
From the occurrence of Ancyloceras(Ancyloceras) sp. aff. A. (A.) vandenheckii,
the age of the Lower member of the
Haidateyama Formation is probably referred to the uppermost Barremian or
the lowest part of the Aptian. The
uppermost part of the Haidateyama Formation (Higashidani Formation by TERAOKA) containing Neithea (Neithea)
11latsumotoi HAY AMI probably belongs to
the Albian.
TERAOKA (1970) reported the occurrence of Cheloniceras (?) sp. (preliminaly
identified by MATSUMOTO) in the 2nd
member of the Tamarimizu Formation
which outcrops in a separate area tothe northeast of Shiibaru, Notsu Town,
faulted in several blocks. This fact may
suggest the presence of the higher partof the Aptian in a certain portion of thesuccessive sequence of the Haidateyama
Formation.

AkamineHaidateyama
Higashidani
Honjo
IzuruhaKamikoshigoe
MatsuoMejiroMie
Minamiamabe
Notsu
Ono

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423

References cited
CASEY, R. (1960): A monograph of the Ammonidae of the Lower Greensand. Palaeontogr. Soc. London, 1959,p . 1-44, pis.
1-10.
D'ORBIGl'Y, A. (1840-1842):
Paleontologie.

Franr;aise.-Terrain Cretace. Description
1, des Animaux invertebres Cephalopodes.
662 pp., 148 pis. (p. 1-120, 1840; p. 121430, 18-11; p. 431-662, 1842, Paris).
FUJII, K. (1954): Stratigraphy and geologicalstructure of the Usuki area, Oita Prefecture (1). Jour. Ceol. Soc. Japan, voJ.
60, no. 707, p. 413-427 (in Japanese withEnglish abstract).
SARKER, S. S. (1955): Revision des Ammonites Deroulees du Cretace inferieur duSud-est de la France. Mem. Soc. Ceol.
de France, [N. S.], N" 72, p. 1-176, pis.
1-11.
TERAOKA, Y. (1970): Cretaceous formationin the Onogawa Basin and its vicinity,
Kyushu, Southwest Japan. Rept. Ceol.
Surv. Japan. no. 237, p. 1-84 (in Japanesewith English abstract).
TIIOMEL, G. (1964): Contribution a la Connaissance des Cephalopodes Cretaces duSud-est de la France. Mbn. Soc. geol.
de France, [N'. S.], N" 101, p. 1-80, pis.
1-12.

Onogawa
Osaka
Shiibaru
Shimoosaka
TakayaTakewakiTamarimizu
TanakaUchidaUsuki
Wasadahigashi
Yatsushiro*- !Ilf !II

I}

Jiii

m
r

Iff{
I}

Jiii

i\1ii
f'r

§'k
n{ij

iJj

7./(

m

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P3
S

¥F

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m

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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 104, pp. 424-431, pI. 45, Jan. 20, 1977

668. PLIOCENE MIZUHOPECTEN FROM THE HIJI FORMATION
OF THE OITA GROUP, OITA PREFECTURE, JAPAN*
MINORU HIT AKA
Uenogaoka Senior Highschool, Oita 870*7t~~ 131±l~~I±lO)f!'fWi'"tl!: Mizuhopecten t;::"?\"-C: }J1jJf.f~~t7'¥:O)*7tlliHII±lIBI*?"~-C*7t~~rffflO) 131±l~ (~~~m~~) iJ'l? Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis

a-~J! Lt.: o *~~J:fffl (~~~) iJ'l?lii1ii~J!.1t~iJ~~I?.n -C\"t.:iJ:, rfffliJ'I?O)#a~JHr.
~O)~l±llifJJ/Jb-C-Ci:!;7.)o .:: 0)1r.~fiI!a-~. 1...., i:~rb-lt-C*!lEfiI!O)1:~7t;(P:to J: If*~~O)Iflf
fl;;t;::"?\',-c:'i!f~Lt.:oBii1ii;f.t

Before going further, the writer wishes
to express his sincere thanks to Professor
Tsugio SHUTO of Kyushu University for
his kind guidance and supervision of thisstudy and also to Professor Zenzo MORIYAMA of Oita University for his constantencouragement. Sincere thanks are also
due to Miss Masako OKAGUCHI of Kyushu
University for kindly giving original information about the fission-track age
determination of the Oita Group.

Introduction
The Upper Cenozoic Oita Group is exposed in the surroundings of Beppu Bay,
Oita Prefecture, Kyushu. The stratigraphy of this group was previously
reported by SHU TO (1953, 1962, 1970) and
SHUTO et al. (1966). They assigned it to
Pliocene to Pleistocene and correlated itwith the Osaka Group of the Kinki province, but any leading fossil has not been
known from its lower part in the type area,.although its upper is defined biostratigraphically by the occurrence of Stegodon
orientalis OWEN.
Recently the writer collected Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis(AKIYAMA),
which has been found only in Lower
Pliocene beds of Japan (sensu MASUDA,
1973a, b), from the lower part of theHiji formation at Itogahara (Long. 131 °36'01" E., Lat. 33°21'16" N.), Hiji Town,
Oita Prefecture.
This paper deals with this subspecies
with remarks on the geological age ofthe formation and paleobiological aspect.

Stratigraphical settingof the fossil bed
The Oita Group is divided into the
Takio and Tsurusaki Formations in ascending order in the type area, south ofBeppu Bay (SHUTO, 1953). The Takio
Formation is lithologically subdivided
into three members, the Katashima, Hada
and Shimogori Members in ascendingorder. The Katashima Member consistsof the basal conglomarate and the overlying tuffaceous part with biotite andrhyolitic pumice and alternation of sandand silt. The Hada Member consists ofrhyolitic pumice fall and flow in the lower* Received Sept. 18, 1976; read Oct. 19,
1974 at Nagoya.

424

668.

Pliocene Mizuhopecten from Oita Group

litic tuff layer in the lower part and silts
and sands with occasional gravel lenses in
the upper part.
Some marine bands are intercalated in
the upper parts of both the Katashima
and Hada Members but do not yield any
marine fossil except for rare occurrenceof trace fossil. The Hada Member also
yields such plant fossils as Acer sp. andGlyptostrobus sp., which do not serve fora detailed correlation. The Tsurusaki
Formation contains marine molluscan fossils such as Fulvia mutica (REEVE),
Cyclina sinensis (GMELIN), Macoma incongrua (MARTENS), Proclva lwchi (PHILIPPI)in the upper part, but they do not indicate any precise age. It also yields
Stegodon orientalis OWEN in the basal
part. which was reported to range 4'"'-'5 X
10" yBP in the Kinki district (ISHIDA, 1970).
Accordingly the age of the Oita Groupin the type area is defined only for theupper horizon, i. e. the basal part of the
Tsurusaki Formation.
The strata which are correlated volcanostratigraphically to the Takio Formation
are developed in the Hiji district, northof Beppu Bay. They are grouped lithostratigraphically into the Hiji and Oga
Formations in ascending order.
The Hiji Formation consists of palegreen tuffaceous sands, tuffaceous silts,
pumiceous tuffs, tuff breccias and alternation of gravel, sand and silt with someKyushuV

Oita

Text-fig. 1. Map showing the localityof klizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis(AKIYAMA).

part and alternation of gravel. silt andtuffaceous sand with scattering hornblende-andesitic pumice in the upper part.
The Shimogori Member is a thick sequence of tuffaceous sands and silts including two pyroxene-andesitic tuff breccias and tuffs. The Tsurusaki Formation,
which lies conformably on the Takio
Formation in the type section, is composed of gravels and sands with a rhyoTable 1.

425

Stratigraphy of the Oita Group in the marginal area of the Beppu Bay.
South of Beppu Bay (Type area)

North ofBeppu Bay-------

Takajo M.
Tsurusaki F.

missing

Maki M.
Oita G.

Shimogori M.
Takio F.

Oga F.

Hada M.
Hiji F.

I

I

Katashima M.

426

l1Jinont HIT AKA

thin tuff beds in ascending order. The
formation is characterized by hornblendeandesitic pyroclastics and corresponds tothe Katashima and Hada Members of the
Takio Formation. Fossil scallops, Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis (AKIY Al\IA),treated in this article were collected fromthis pale green tuffaceous sand bed, thelower part of the Hiji formation, together
with many other marine mollusks asfollows.

Acila divaricata (HINDS)
Porllandia lischkei (S:VIITII)
Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis (AKIY A~IA)
Lucinoma annulata (REEVE)
Joannisiella cumingi (HANLEY)
Fulvia mutica (REEYE)
Maco"ma incongrua (v. MARTENS)
Myadora ikebei HABE
Panopea japonica A. ADA:VIS
Lunatia pal/ida (BRODERIP and SOWER13Y)
Ph os varicosus GOULD
Inquisitor pseudoprincipalis (YoKOYA:\IA)

The Oga Formation consists of tuffs.
tuff breccias, tuffaceous sands yielding
fresh water diatoms, gravels and alternation of tuff and tuff breccia in ascending order. The pyroclastic materialof this formation is dominantly two pyroxene-andesitic and indicates the formation to correspond to a part of the
Shimogori Member of the Takio Formation.
Geological age of the Oita Group
Discovery of Mizulwpecten to/zyoensis
holzurilzuensis (AKIYAMA) from the HijiFormation by the writer is a good aid
for determining the geological age of theformation, because this subspecies shows
very narrowly restricted range according
to MASUDA (1962a, b, 1963, 1973b). He
stated that the subspecies occurs only in
the Lower Pliocene bed including theHamada, Sawane, Himi, Onma, Saishu,
Koshiba Formations and the Takanabe
Member of the Kofu Formation. HA YASAKA (1973) added an occurrence of thesubspecies in the Tajima Formation.
The above localities are shown in Fig. 2.
While the Himi and Onma Formationand the Takanabe Member are correlated
respectively to the Upper Pliocene to
Lower Pleistocene from the view pointoftheplanktic
microstratigraphy(IKEBE et ai., 1973). Recently M. OKAGUCI-II (MS. 1975) determined the fissiontrack age of zircon of Hada Pumice flowof the Hada Tuff of the Hada Member of
the Takio Formation as 1.44±0.26x 106
yBP. Volcano-stratigraphically speaking,the Hada tuff represents the latest activities of the biotite-hornblende-andesitic
series in the Takio Formation. Consequently the scalop bed. the lowest partof the Hiji Formation mllst be older inage than the Hada tuff and may correspond to some marine bands of the upper
part of the Katashima Member. She also
gave a figure of 6.52±1.34 X lOG yBP concerning the Shikido pumice flow of thelower middle part of the Higashiwasada
Formation, which unconformably underlies the Takio Formation. Under such

668.

Pliocene Mizuhopecten 11'o'(n Oita G1'O'/,~]J

circumstance as mentioned above thewriter is inclined to correlate the scalop
bed of the Hiji Formation and accordingly
the upper part of the Katashima Memberof the Takio Formation to Upper Pliocene
through Lowest Pleistocene.
The basal part of the Tsurusaki Formation is correlated to the marine bands
Ma 6 and Ma 7 of the Osaka Group in
the Kinki province and to the Kasamori
Formation of the Kazusa Group throughthe lowest Sagami Group in the Kwanto
province on the basis of the common occurrence of Stegodo orientalis OWEN. The
age of the basal part of the Tsurusaki
Formation is within 4-5x 10 5 yBP. Middle
Pleistocene.
In conclusion the Takio Formation, themain part of the Oita Group, ranges from
Upper Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene.
Paleobiogeography of lJlizu/wpecten

tokyoensis hokllrikllellS;S(AKIYA)IA)

According to MASUDA (l962a. b, 1973a.
b), the beds yielding AJizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis are sorted paleobiogeographically into two groups. The one.
including the Hamada, Sawane, Himi.
Onma, Saishu and Koshiba formations,
all in the same age, belongs to theBorderland of the japan Sea. The otherone, including the Takanabe and Tajima,belongs to the Borderland of the South
Pacific. M. tokyoensis hokurikuensis isassociated with Yabepecten tokunagai(YOKOY AM A) and Chlamys cosibensis(YOKOY AMA) in the beds of the formergroup, while it occurs together withAmussiopecten praesignis (YOKOYAMA)
and Cryptopecten vesiculosus (DU:-.IKER) in
the latter group. Yabepecten tokunagai
is a representative species of the Pliocene
pectinid in the Borderland of the Japan1

Hamada2

Sawane

3
5
7
9

Himi

4
6
8

Onma.

Sai~huTajima427

KoshibaTakanaheHiji,; 117

Text-fig. 2. Localities of Mizuhopecten
tokyoensis hokurikuensis (AKIYAMA) (Adaptedfrom MASCDA, 1963 and 1973b).

Sea, and Chlamys cosibensis is regarded
as one of the typical northern species
ranging Middle Miocene to Pliocene inNorthern japan and the japan Sea area,
and also in the Alaskan Pliocene. Amussiopecten praesignis and Cryptopecten vesiculosus are the typical Pliocene andPliocene to the Recent Kuroshio elements
respectively. Association of M. tokyoensis hokurikuensis both with these cooland warm water assemblages may suggest
its very labile ecological tolerance inregard to water temperature.
The present species is not accompanied
by any pectinid species in the Hiji Formation, which is located between thetwo paleogeographical provinces above
cited. It is a very interesting problem
whether the Hiji area was connected witheither cool or warm water in Upper
Pliocene. A conclusion, however, can not
be given concerning this problem, because
M. tokyoensis hokurikuensis is associatedneither with any pectinid nor typicalelement of cool or warm water in theHiji Formation.

428

Mino1'u HIT AKA

Systematic Description

Habitat of M. tokyoens;shokurikuells;s (AKlY A~IA)

Family Pectinidae

Distribution of the fossil valves of !'vI.
tokyoensis holwrilwensis in the Hiji Formation shows an apparent tendency thatthe small individuals occur in coarser
sediment and the larger ones in finer
sediment as shown in Table 2. This
must not be a result of differential transportation during sedimentation, because
large and heavy valves in silt and finesand and small and light valves in coarser
sand can not be explained by transportation effect. Besides, the associated bivalves suggest autochthonous or, at least,
semiautochthonous by their sporadic occurrence, high percentage of conjoined
valves and orientation of some individuals in situ_
According to AKlY AMA (1962), Mizuhopecten yessoensis (JAY) spends sessile life
until the valve size attains about 10 mm
in diameter in normal codition but retards
the begining of free life until valvesattain more than 30 mm in a quiet bay
environment. This fact is very suggestive
to understand the meaning of the occurrence of M. tokyoensis hokurillUensis.
There must be a tendency to shift habitatfrom the area of coarse sand, where theyoung shells attach to sands with their
byssus, to the area of finer sediments on
which they live free life_

Table 2.

Height of
the Shell
6cm;2;
2 cm-6cm
2 em;;;

Subfamily Fortipectininae
Genus Mizuhopecten MASUDA, 1963
Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis(AKlY AM A, 1962)
PI. 45, figs. 1-G
1935. Patinopecten tokyoensis ilimurai,

OTUKA, Earthq. Res. Inst., Imp. Univ.
Tokyo, Bull., vol. 13, no. 4, p. 887, pI.
57, fig. 212.
19GO. Patinopecten taiwanus,
SHUTO,
Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D(Ceol), vol. 9, no. 3, p. 125, pI. 12, figs.
2, 10, 11, pI. H, figs. 7, 15.
1962. Patinopecten (Patinopecten) tokyoensis
hokurikuensis AKIYA~IA; AKIYA~IA, Sci.
Rep., Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C,
vol. 8, no. 74, p. 94, pI. 7, figs. 1-3, 5.
1962a. Patinopecten (PatilZopecten) tokyoensis
hokurikuensis; MASUDA, Sci. Rep.,
Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser.' (Ceol.), vol.
33, no. 2, p. 211, pI. 25, fig. G, pI. 27,
figs. 6, 7.
1963. Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis;
MASUDA, Trans. Proc. Paleont. Soc.
Japan, N. S. no. 52, p. 149, pis. 22-23.
1973. Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis;
HAYASAKA, Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
2nd Ser. (Ceol.) Special vol., no. G, p.
102, pi 6,figs. la, 1b.

Occurrence of M. tokyoellsis hokurikuensis (AKIYAMA) in relation
to the shell size and to the grain-size of the sediment.
Sediment of the Scalop Bed
Silt

Fine Sand121

Medium Sand

Coarse Sand
1

5

4
5

668.

429

Pliocene Miz7thopecten from Oita Groupl'vfaterials: Nineteen specimens collected from the Hiji Formation at Itogahama,most of which are incompletely preserved,
are available. All the specimens are kept
Dimensions:in the Institute of Geology, Faculty of
Education, Oita University. Six specimensof them are well preserved, OH-5rv9 andOH-10 are shown in the plate.

Specimen

OH-5

0I-I-6

OH-7

OH-8

OH-9

OH-15

Valve*Height (mm)Length (mm)Hinge length (mm)H/L(%)
Apical angle
Number of ribs

R.
17.5
17
12.5
102
99°
5

R.
25.5
24.5
18.5
104
100°
6

R.
28
28

R.
35
35
21
100
102°
6

R.

L.

52

35

103°
6

102°
6

100
100°
7

* (l{; Right, L; Left)

Description: Shell medium to large insize, orbicular in outline, equilateral except for auricles, equivalve with moderately convex right and somewhat lessconvex left as high as long or slightly
higer than long, and radiately ribbed.
Apical angle rbout 100 degrees. Right
valve moderately inflated, with 5 to 6,
broard. rather prominent, round topped.
smooth radial ribs and fine and dense
concentric growth lines. Radial ribs muchbroader than interspaces and becoming
relatively narrower toward ventral margin; interspaces with network sculpture
on upper part of disc. Auricle truncatedat both ends, with a broad and shallow
byssal notch at anterior base; a few
radial threads, fine concentric lines anddistinct network, anterior truncation
acutely oblique on small valves and almost right angle on large ones. Leftvalve almost flat, with six, elevated, roofshaped but not so sharply ridged radialribs, dense concentric growth lines anddistinct fine network. Auricle equilateralwith similar sculpture to the right valve.
Hinge line straight, long, as long as
about sixty to seventy percent of shelllength; hinge with simple and rather

sharp cardinal crurae on both sides of awide and deep resilial pit. Pit borderedby fine lateral ridge with small but rather
distinct denticle at extremities. Insideof discs smooth except for radial relief
reflecting surface ribs.
Comparison and affinity: Mizuhopecten
MASUDA, 1963, is characterized primarily
by its hinge with simple cardinal crurae
and a wide and shallow resilial pit bordered by lateral ridges and secondly byequilateral auricle with shallow and broad
byssal notch. In these respects the genus
is readily distinguished from such allied
genera as Patinopecten DALL, 1898 andYabepecten MASUDA, 1963. The specimens in hand clearly show these diagnostic features, and are reasonably assigned
to Mizuhopecten.
The morphologicalfeatures of the present subspecies were
fully described by AKIYAMA (1962) and
MASUDA (1962a). The present material
are featured by moderate to large shelland the paucity of ribs and also networkon valves, and are identified to Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis (AKIYAMA).
The present specimens show a fair affinity with Mizuhopecten tokyoensis (TOKUNAGA), but the former can be distingui-

Minoru HIT AKA

430

shed from the latter by the more inflated
right valve, round-topped non-branching
and less numerous radial ribs, and alsoby nearly flat left valve with distinctly
elevated roof shaped radial ribs. Comparing with Mizuhopecten kimurai (YOKOY AMA), which shows rather resembled
ribbing, the present specimens have distinctly larger auricles.
Horizon: Pale green tuffaceous sandof the lower part of the Hiji Formation,
Oita Group. Upper Pliocene.
References
AKIY ANIA, M. (1962): Studies on the Phylogeny of Patinopecten in Japan. Sci. Rep.
Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C, vol. 8, no.
74, p. 63-122, pIs. 1-8, textfigs. 1-3.
HAYASAKA, S. (1973): Pliocene Marine Fauna
from Tanegashima, South Kyushu, Japan.
Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Ceol),
Special vol., no. 6 (Hatai Memorial
Volume), p. 97-108, tabs. 2, pIs. 6-7.
IKEBE, N" TAKAYANAGI, Y., CH[JI, M.,
CHINZEI, K., NAKAsEKo, K. and SHIBATA,
K. (1973): Inter-basinal Correlation of
the Japanese Neogene. Mem. Ceoi. Soc.
Japan, no. 8, p. 215-219.
ISHIDA, S. (1970): The Osaka Group-The
Cyclic Sediments of Lacustrine and Bay
in Plio-Pleistocene, japan (in Japanesewith English abstract), Quaternary Res.
vol. 9, nos. 3/4, p. 101-112.
MASUDA, K. (1962a): Tertiary Pectinidae ofJapan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser.
(Ceol.), vol. 33, no. 2, p. 117-238, pis. 18-

27, fig. 1-11.
- - (1962b): Notes on the Tertiary Pectinidae of japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
2nd Ser. (Ceol.), Spec. vol., no. 5, p. 159193, tabs. 9.
- - (1963): The so-called Patinopecten of
Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan,
N. S., no. 52, p. 145-152, pis. 22-23.
- - (1973a): Chlamys cosibensis (YOKOYAMA)of the Northern Pacific.
Sci. Rep.,
Tohoku Univ., 2nd Ser. (Ceol.), Spec.
vol., no. 6, p. 109-116, pis. 8-9.
- - (19739): Molluscan Biostratigraphy of
the japanese Neogene (in Japanese withEnglish abstract). Mem. Ceoi. Soc. Japan,
no. 8, p. 107-120.
OKAGUCHI, M. (1975, MS): Revision of theGeology of the Tsurusaki Hills, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu. Dept. Geol. Kyushu Univ.
OTUKA, Y. (1953): The Oti Graben in
Southern Noto Peninsula, Japan, Part 3.
Earthq. Res. Inst., Imp. Univ. Tokyo,
Bull., vol. 13, no. 4, p. 846-909, pis. 5357, textfigs. 1-7.
SIlUTO, T. (1953): Geohistorical Studies on
the Hoshu Super-Group (I, II). Jour.
Ceoi. Soc. Japan, vol. 59, no. 693, p. 225240; no. 695, p. 372-384. (in Japanesewith English summary).
- - (1960): On Some Pectinids and Venerids
from the Miyazaki Group (PaleontologicalStudy of the Miyazaki Group-VII). Mem.
Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Sel·. D (Ceol.),
vol. 9, no. 3, p. 119-149, pis. 12-14, textfigs. 1-14.
- - (1962): Pleistocene Formations in Kyushu and Their Correlation. Jour. Ceol.
Soc. Japan, vol. 68, no. 803, p. 481-487,
tab. 1. (in Japanese with English sum-

Explanation of Plate 45
Mizuhopecten tokyoensis hokurikuensis (AKIYAMA)
Fig. 1. Rubber cast of right external mould (OH-9) x 1.2
Fig. 2. Rubber cast of right internal mould (OH-5) x 2.1
Fig. 3. Rubber cast of left external mould (OH-15) xl. 7
Fig. 4. Rubber cast of right internal mould (OH-8) x 1.7
Fig. 5. Rubber cast of right internal mould (OH-7) x 1.8
Fig. 6. Rubber cast of right internal mould (OH-6) x 2.4

HIT AKA:

Pliocene Mizuhopecten from Oita G1"OUP

Plate 452668.

mary).
- - (1970): Lower Quaternary of Kyushu
Island, with Special Reference to its
Tectonic Framework.
Quaternary Res.
vol. 9, nos. 3/4, p. 153-157.
- - , ONISI-Il, 1. and HITAKA, M. (1966):

Beppu
Hada
Hiji
ItogahamaKatashima

431

Pliocene Mizuhopecten from Oita Gro~tp

5J1j

iFf

:f1

EEl

B

ill

:¥' T
Jl

i)~

/;

~

Quaternary Geology of Nyu Hills, Oita
Prefecture, Kyushu, with Special Refe·
rence to the Paleolithic Remains. Mem.
Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D (Ceol.),
vol. 17, No.3, p. 331-346, fig. 1.

Oga
Shimogori
Takio
Tsurusaki

;k.

:'($

r

ttl;

~

~

Win

IlF,(fTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 104, pp. 432-441, pis. 46, L17, Jan. 20, 1977

669.

FOSSIL PEDIASTRUM FROM THE PLEISTOCENE
HAMAMATSU FORMATION AROUND LAKE
HAMANA, CENTRAL JAPAN*
KAZUMI MATSUOKA
Department of Biology, Osaka City University, Osaka 558

KENJI HASE
Department of Geosciences, Osaka City University, Osaka 558

iJ1<iJim )jIiJi?l{ti:iJ1<ilE~ J: I) ~t-: i¥iwiUR~nt ~ '/ '/ " ? -'C ~i:::' ")l '-C: iJ1<i"dm ;ft:lfl!¥fl'JhU~ftjfj":i:::'7:I'1'!J-t 0i3·U1U1t{ti:i9jrE~iJ' I::,~ I::,.nt-: ~ '/ '/ " ? -'C ~ (Pediastrum) 4 flli~8clY: Lt-:oc7ct7)t;.iJ'-C', Pediastrum simplex (MEYEN) LEW\'IER~IA;\;N r:::''')l'-C P. biwae NEGORO
Jt~ . f6!W Ltdli*, 1 jT.ilEflliiJ;~ilUJIj~.n t-:o i t-:;:.n I::, t7)f,JZ{tE c ~gjnA-:Itli!iH:::'fi¥ik*~
fllijo J: U'ifil~-A*~flliiJ;~tE 1-- -C jo I), i t-:fJ:f*lllI;4to{tE b-¥~~j':riR*fllit7)¥IH~fiJ;il0 0;: C
iJ, 1::" ~.tti!..rmtt7){ti:mi'M~fililJ IJ 1:::.li":H~\j.KJ$(-C'jfffJiLt-: C~.n 0 0f'lf,'i7]~1C . *:fr~m*1£

Introduction

tic green algal genera. including following species; Pediastru17l boryanum (TURPIN) MENEGHINI, P. duplex MEYEN and
P. biwae NEGORO from the Plio-Pleistocene
Osaka Group (NASU, 1970, SHIMAKURA
1971); Pediastrllm biwae and P. duplex
from the Plio-Pleistocene Paleo-Biwa
Group (N ASU, 1970); Pediastrum sp. fromthe Pleistocene Hamamatsu Formation(SHIMAKURA, 1964); Pediastrum d. P.
boryanum from the Pliocene Nobori Formation and the Miocene Fujiwara Group(MATSUOKA, 1971, 1974); Pediastrum
araneosum RACIBORSKI, P. boryanum andP. kawraisky SCHIDLE (Resarch group for
the Hiruzenbara, 1975).
The palynological study of the Quaternary deposits around Hamamatsu City
was carried out by SHIMAKURA (1964).
And he repoted the first finding of Pediastrum in silty samples collected from thesouthern area of lnasa and Shiroyamabana.

In the course of palynological study of
the Pleistocene sediments distributed
around Lake Hamana, well preserved
Pediastrum fossils belonging to the Family
Hydrodictaceae, Class Chlorophyceae
were abundantly obtained.
In Japan, the occurrence of fossil
Hydrodictaceae such as Paleodictyon
tenue KORIBA and MIKI, P. robstum KORIBA
and MIKI and Hydrodictyon tertia rum
KORIBA and MIKI was first described by
KORIBA and MIKI (1939) from the Cretaceous to Paleogene sediments, the Shimanto Supergroup in Kii Peninsula. Thesefossils, however, have been said to beinorganic in origin or feeding trail fossils(HARATA, 1969). On the other hand, afew paleo-palynologists have reported theoccurrence of Pediastrum, one of plank-* Received Sept. 20, 1976; read Sept. 23,
1975 at Kanazawa.
432

669.

Pleistocene Pediastru1n

In this paper, the writers will describe
four species of the genus Pediastrum ob·tained from the Hamamatsu Formationand discuss on the paleo.environments ofthis formation on the basis of diatom
and molluscan fossils.
Acknowledgement

The writers' sincere gratitude is expressed to Professor Kazuo HUZITA andProfessor Shohei KOKAw A of Osaka City
University for their kind encouragements.
The senior writer thanks deeply to Pro-

433

fessor Ken-ichi NEGORO of Kinki University for his kindness in idintifying fossil
diatoms. Thanks are also due to Professor Misaburo SHIMAKURA of Kansai
Foreign Language University and Professor Kozo HIROSE of Kobe University
who gave many valuable suggestions
about algal fossils to the senior writer.
Geological note andpreparation method

The geological aspect around Lake
Hamana in Central Japan is summarized

JL
l

CJ

1

Lake Hamana

E3] 2ITIIIIIJ] 3~ 4o
Text·fig. 1. Geological map of the northeastern coast of Lake Hamana.
1; Recent deposit, 2; Mikatagahara Formation, 3; Sahama muddy member of theHamamatsu Formation, 4; Basement paleozoic rocks.

434

Kazumi .iVIATSUOKA and KenJ'i RASE

by KOBA Y ASH! (1963) as follows:
The basement rocks in the present area
are Paleozoics and mostly composed ofsandstone and chert intercalated withsmall limestone and greenstone lenses.
They are exposed in hilly lands on thenorthern part of this lake and near
Kanzanji as small inlier masses.
The lower to middle Pleistocene Hamamatsu Formation covering directly these
Paleozoics consists of sand. mud andgravel beds accompanied by a few thin
volcanic ash layers. It is subdivided into
three facies lithologically. The part ofthe muddy facies is named the Sahama
muddy member (TSUCI-Il. 1960). It yields
abundant macro- and microfossils suchas foraminifers, sponge spicules, molluscs,
diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs.
spores, pollen grains and larger plantremains.
The Mikatagahara Formation covers
disconformably the Hamamatsu Formationand makes the surface of the upland of
Mikatagahara. This formation consists
wholly of fluviatile graveliferous deposits.
The samples provided for the analysis\vere collected from the Sahama muddy
member near Kanzanji along the eastern
coast of the lake, in which some molluscs were contained sporadically.
The SI-IIMAKURA'S method was adopted
for the present palynological investigation.
The specimens described in this paper
are deposited in the Laboratory of Paleobotany, Osaka City University.

California (upper Cretaceous) by EVITT(1963), while the fossils occurred in the
freshwater Pleistocene sediments known
as gyttja in northern Europe (F AEGRI
and IVERSEN, 1950).
Here the sedimentary environment of
the Hamamatsu Formation with a large
amount of Pediastrum near Kanzanji isdiscussed on the basis of diatom andmolluscan occurrence.

Notes on paleo-environment of
the Hamamatsu Formation

Pinnularia maior (Klitz.) Cleve ------------------- R

Diatom assemblage
Fossil diatoms distinguished in the same
samples from the Hamamatsu Formation
is listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Fossil diatoms accompaniedwith the mentioned Pediastrum spp. ; identified by K. NEGORO.
Actinoayclus ehrenbergi Grun. * ------------------- A

Actinoptycus spZendens (Shadb.) Ralfs.* ---------- F
Arachnoidiscus ehrenbergi Bail. * ----------------- R
Campyrodisou8 echeneis Ehr .. * -------------------- C

Cocconeis placentula Ehr .------------------------- F
CoscinodiscUB Zaaustris Grun. * ------------------- C
CymatopZeura eUiptica (Beil.) II. Smith----------- R

CymbeUa ZanceoZata (Ehr.) Van Heurck ------------ C
CymbeUa Zata Grun. ------------------------------ F
CymbeUa twnida (Breb.) Van Heurck --------------- F
Diploneis intert'upta (Kutz.) Cleve* -------------- R
DipZoneis ovaZis (Hilse) Cleve ------------------- R
Epithemia tr>ugida (Ehr.) Kutz. ------------------- A
Epithemia t1'!l.gida var. granuZata (Ehr.) Grun.----- A
Eunotia pectinaUs (Breb.) Grun. ----------------- R
Gomphonema acwninatwn var.
cor>nata (Ehr.) W. Smith --------- R
Gorrrphonema gracile var.
lanceolata (Kiizt.) Cleve -------- R

Gyrosigma acwninatwn (Kuz t.) Rabh. --------------- F
Hydrosera triquetr>a lIall. ----------------------- R
MeZosira itaZica (Ehr.) Kuzt. -------------------- F
Nitzschia circwnsuta (Bail.) Grun. * -------------- A

As previously mentioned elsewhere thePediastrlllll fossils have been reported

in the sedimentary facies from freshwater
to marine. For example, some Pediastrum
species were found from marine sediments
in Pakistan (Lower Cretaceous) and in

Pinnularia vir>idis (Nitzsch) Ehr. ---------------- R

RhopaZodia gibba (Ehr.) O. Mull. ----------------- R
Stau:l'oneis phoenicenteron Ehr. ------------------- R
SurizrelZa biseriata Breb. ------------------------ It
SurireZZa roobusta Ehr.---------------------------- F
Tricel'atiwn favus Ehr. * -------------------------- R*: brackish to marin species
A: abundant,

C: common,

F: a few,

R: rare669.

Pleistocene Pediastrum

In this assemblage, Actinocyclus ehrenberg-i, Actinoptychlls splendens, Arachnoidiscus ehrenbergi and CoscinodiscllS laClislris belonging to the centrales are marine
to brackish species. On the other hand,
Cymbella lanceolata, Epith2mia tnlgida, E.
trugida var. granulata, Diploneis interrupta
and Nitzschia CirCU1J1S11ta belonging to thepennales are freshwater species. Other
pennatae species, Ca771pylodiscus echeneis,is brackish species. Epithemia trllgida,
Nitzschia circllmsuta and Actinocyclus
ehrenbergi are the dominant species andfollowed by Campylodiscus echeneis.
Coscinodiscus lacustris and Cymbella lanceolata. This diatom assemblage, therefore, is characterized by co· existence ofmarine to brackish and freshwater
species. Furthermore, there is no specimens such as Melosira solida and Stephanodiscus cariconensis indicating thewater system of Lake Biwa (NEGORO,
1954) in the Kinki district.
Molluscan assemblage
According to ISOlVlI and INOUE (1972),
the molluscan fossil assemblage aroundthe present sampling area is characterized
by the abundant occurrence of Corbicula
japonica and Gryphera gigas which indicate an estuarine facies.
Judging from both diatom and molluscan fossil assemblages, the Hamamatsu
Formation yielding abundantly Pedia.
strulll spp. might be formed near themouth of a river strongly influenced by
sea water. Then Pediastrum spp. areconsidered to have been transported fromsome lakes or ponds near Paleo-Hamana
Bay.
Pediastrul1l biwae, an endemic species
in Lake Biwa, could be collected fromthe surface water in Osaka Bay nearmouth of the River Yodo (ZORIKI and
HIROSE, 1975). It must have been transported from Lake Biwa through the

435Rivers Seta, U ji and Yodo. This may
afford a good reason to expect the abovementioned Pleistocene environment around
Lake Hamana.

Systematic description
By K. MATSUOKA
Division Chlorophyta
Class Chlorophyceae
Order Chlorococcales
Family Hydrodictaceae
Genus Pediastrulll MEYEN. 1829

Pediastrul7l araneOSli III RACIBORSKI
var. rllglliosum (G. S. ~-EST)
G. M. SMITH. 1920
PI. 47, figs. 9-13
Pediastrum arcneosum RACIIlORSKI var. rugulosum (G. S. WEST) G. M. S'cIITH 1920, p.
168, pI. -15, figs. 12, 13.

Description: The coenobium consisting
two different types of cells sho\\'s circular to oval in shape, and has no interstices between interior cells. The coenobium is mostly composed of 32-64 cells.
The marginal cells have two short andtruncated projections. Inner half of themarginal cells are convex in shape. andouter half of them have a slightly deep
emargination between their projections.
The interior cells have five to six sides,
and a pair of opposite two of them iscom'ex and concave respectively. Others
have straight sides. The surface of cells
is covered with coarse reticula tum ofridges.
Dimension: Diameter of coenobia (32cells) 105 fl-145 fl, length of interior cells

436Kaz~[mi MATSUOKA

and Kenji HASESCHEMATIC COENOBIA OF PEDIASTRUM

LIVING FORM

PROJEcTION--------~·~~~~~-----MARGINAL

CELL

PORE FOR LIBERATION ----_~OF ZOOSPORESINTERIOR CELL,------~~~~~~~~~~~~~+¥~~~~~~------INTERSTICEFOSSILIZED FORM
Text-fig. 2.

Terminology and schematic coenobia of Pediastrum.

9 p-ll p, width of them 14 fl-22 p, lengthof marginal cells 17 p-19 fl, width ofthem 25 p-29 fl.
Remarl?s: The present variety differsfrom others in characteristic cell surface.
The projections from the marginal cells
in these specimens are somewhat longer
than in the specimens figured by G. M.
SMITH (1920, pI. 45, figs. 12, 13).

Pediastrum duplex MEYEN var.
coharens BOHLIN 1897
PI. -17, figs. 5-8

Pediastru11l duplex MEYE" var. coharens BmILl"
1897, p. 31, pI. 2, fig. 1.
Pediastru11l duplex MEYEN var. reticulatum
LAGERHEI~I
forma coharense (BmILI!':)

BRC,,!':THALER

1915, in

PASCHER(edt.),

p. 95, fig. 57e.

Pediastrum

duplexMEYEN

var. coharens
p. 173, pI. 48,

BOHLIN; G. M. SMITH, 1920,

figs. 3, 4.

Description: The present coenobium
is elliptical to oval and usually composedof 16-32 cells with two different types.
There are many various interstices inshape and in size among interior cells.
The marginal cells have two characteristically distinctive subconical projections.
Inner half of the marginal cells is convex
in shape. The interior cells are generally
similar to the marginal cells with the
exception of their projections. The cellsurface is covered with coarse granularornamentation. The coenobia are scarcely
stained with safranin solution.

669.

Pleistocene Pediastrum

Dimension: Diameter of coenobia (32cells) 87 p-120 p, length of interior cells
11 p-16 p, width of them 16 p-20 p, lengthof marginal cells 18 p-20 p, width ofthem 14 p-16 p.
Remarks: Though the specimens fromthe Hamamatsu Formation are relatively
poor in preservation, they differ from
Pediastrum boryanum in having many
interstices. This variety is characterizedalso by the presence of coarse granularornamentation on the cell surface.
Pediastrum boryanum (TURPIN)

MENEGHINI 1840
PI. -17, figs. 1-4

Pediastruin boryanuin (TURPIN) MENEGHI:-.iI
1840, p. 210.
Pediastrum boryanuin (TURPIN) MEi'\EGIIINI;
G. M. SMITH, 1920, p. 169, pI. 46, figs. 2-7.

Description: The slightly small coenobium consisting of two different types ofcells shows circular to oval in shapewithout interstices among interior cells.
The coenobium is usually composed of 32
cells in the present specimens.
Itsmarginal cells have two tapering andlong projections, and deep emargination
between the projections. Inner half ofmarginal cells is convex in shape. Interior cells have five to six sides and a pairof opposite two of them is convex andconca ve respectively. Others ha ve straightsides. The surface of all cells is covered
with fine granular ornamentation.
Dimensions: Diameter of coenobia (32cells) 74 p-l01 p, length of interior cells
8 p-15 p, width of them 11 p-18 p, lengthof marginal cells 17 p-20,a, width of them
12 ,a-17 p.
Remarhs: The present species is existent almost universally in Recent lakes
and ponds. In Japan a few fossilized
specimens were reported from the Pleis-437

tocene sediments (SHIMAKURA ed .. 1971).
Pediastrum simplex (MEYEN)

LEMMERMANN 1898
Pediastruin simplex (MEYEN) LnnIER~1ANN;
BRCNTHALER 1915, in PASCHER (ed.), p.
93-94, figs. 55, 56.

Remarhs: Pediast1'um simplex is characterized by having only one projection
on each marginal cell. Some varietiesof this species such as var. duodenariumand var. radians have interstices between
cells. Pediastrum biwae described by
NEGORO (1954) from Lake Biwa closely
resembles the present species.
The
former is distinguishable from the latterin the presence of characteristic projections; the projections from two adjacent marginal cells that face to or
separate from each other.
Pediastr1l11l simplex (MEYEN) LEMMER-:vIA:\N var. dllodenarium (BAILEY)
RABENHORST, 1868
PI. ,16, figs. 6-12, PI. 47, fig. 14

Pediastruin simplex MEYEN var. doudenariuln(BAILEY) HABENIIORST, 1868, p. 72.
Pediastruin simplex var. duodenariuln (BAILEY)
RABEi'\HORST; G. M. S~'llTH, 1920, p. 167,
pI. 45, figs. 2-6.

Description: The present coenobium
is circular to oval in shape, and usually
made up of 16-32 cells with two different
types. There are many interstices amonginterior cells. The marginal cells with asingle conspicuous projection is an isosceles triangular in outer part. The
basal part of them is irregularly pentagonal in shape. The distal part of its
projection is oblate and of smooth surface. Except for the distal part all cells
are covered with relatively coarse gran-438

Kazumi MATSUOKA and Kenji HASE

ular ornamentation. The interior cells
are generally an isosceles triangular withthree concave sides except for each apex.
Therefore, the interstices show a convex
polygonal shape. Marginal and interiorcells have a pore with an almost circular outline for liberation of zoospores.
Dimension: Diameter of coenobia (32cells) 97 p -107 p, length of interior cells
13 p-20 p, width of them 10 p-16p, lengthof marginal cells 16p-26p, width of them
10 p-15 p.
Remarks: This variety is very similar
to Pediastrum biwae var. biwae NEGORO
in the shape of marginal and interiorcells. But the nature of two adjacentprojections in this variety is different
from that of P. biwae var. biwae. Thisvariety is most abundant in the mentioned
Pediastrzt11l population.

Pediastrum simplex (MEYEN)
LEMMERMANN var. illflatZlI1l
MATSUOKA, var. nov.
PI. 46, figs. 1-5

Diagnosis: Marginal cells roundish
isosceles triangular with distal oblate pro-jections. Interior cells roundish regulartriangnlar with three convex sides.
Therefore, interstices are concave inpolygonal shape.
Holotype: Slide no. KMD-3, position
18.8 X 90.3, Pi. 46, fig. 1.
The Pleistocene Hamamatsu Formationnear Kanzanji, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture.
Paratype: Slide no. KMD-2, position
16.5 X 99.8, Pi. 46, fig. 2. Slide no. KMD1, position 23.8x99.6, Pi. 46, fig. 5.
Description: The present coenobium iscircular to oval in shape, and usuallycomposed of 16-32 cells with two different types. There are many characteristics interstices among interior cells.
The marginal cells with concave line oninterior side is roundish isosceles triangular in shape. The relatively long projection is oblate and with smooth surface.
Except for the projection, all cells including interior cells are covered with coarse
granular ornamentation. The interiorcells are generally regular triangularwith three convex sides except for each
apex. Therefore, the interstices show aconcave polygonal shape. Each cell has
a pore with an almost circular outline forliberation of zoospores.

Explanation of Plate 46
Figs. 1-5. Pediastrum simplex (MEYEX) LE;\'IMERMANN var. inflatu1ll MATSUOKA, n. var.
Fig. 1. Holotype, Slide no. KMD-3, position 18.8 x 90.3, x 335.
Fig. 2. Paratype, Slide no. KMD-2, position 16.5 x 99.8, x 335.
Fig. 3. Slide no. KMD-2, x 335.
Fig. 4. Slide no. KMD-1, x 670.
Fig. 5. Para type, Slide no. KMD-1, position 23.8 x 99.6, x 335.
Figs. 6-12. Pediastrum simplex (MEYEX) LEMMERMAl"N var. duodenarium (BAILEY) RABEXHORST
Fig. 6. Slide no. KMD-1, x 335.
Fig. 7. Slide no. KMD-4, x 335.
Fig. 8. Slide no. KMD-5, x 335.
Fig. 9. Slide no. KMD-4, x 670.
Fig. 10. Slide no. KMD-5, x 670.
Fig. 11. Slide no. KMD-5, x 335.
Fig. 12. Slide no. KMD-3, x 335.

MATSUOKA

and HASE:

Pleistocene Pediastrum

Plate 46

'I:~,

•

,...•

1 '--_____---'2~----~--~--~36,5~---__=-________•'----~--~--8

12

669.

Pleistocene Pediastrurn

439

PEDIASTRUM SIMPLEX

VAR. INFLATUM

VAR. DUODENARIUM

VAR. OVATUM

VAR. BIWAEPEDIASTRUM BIWAE

Text·fig. 3.

Morphological correlation between Pediastrum simplex and P. biwae;
showing differences of projections and interior cells.

Dimension:
Holotype; diameter of
coenobium 120 fl, length of interior cells
18fl-22fl, width of them 16fl-21fl, lengthof marginal cells 34 fl-37 fl, width ofthem 15 fl-20 fl, diameter of liberation
pores ca. 7 fl.
Range in dimension; diameter of coenobia (16 to 32 cells) 98 fl-153 fl, lengthof interior cells 16 fl-25 fl. width of them
14 fl-22 fl length of marginal cells, 19 fl40 fl. width of them 12 fl- 21 fl.
Remarks:
The present variety ofPediastrum simplex closely resembles P.
biwae var. ovatllln NEGORO in the shapeinterstices and interior cells. Thoughthese mophological affinities are observed

between P. simplex var. dllodenari1l17l andP. biwae var. biwae. the nature of two
adjacent projections is different fromeach other. The shape of marginal andinterior cells distinguishes this variety
from P. simplex var. duodenari1l11l.

References
BOHLI:-:, K. (1897):
Die Algen del' el'sten
Regnellschen Expedition. I, Pl'otococcoideen.
Bih. K. Svensk. Vet.·A/wd.
Hand/., Bd. 23, Afd. 3, no. 7, p. 23-72.
BRC:-::-:TI-IALER, J. (1915): Protococcales. in
PASCIIER'S Siisswasser-Flora, Heft 5, p. 89105, Jena.

440

Kazumi MATSUOKA and KenJ'i HASEEVITT, W. R. (1963): Occurrence of freshwater alga Pediastrum in Cretaceous
marine sediments. Am. Jour. Sci., vol.
261, p. 890-893, pI. 1.
FAEGRI, K. and IVERSEN, J. (1950): Textbook of modern pollen analysis. Ejanrmunksgaard, Copenhagen.
HARATA, T. (1969): Notes on the Paleodictyon. * Proc. of Kansai Branch, Geol.
Soc. Japan, No. 68, p. 2-3.
ISOlvll, H. and INOUE, M. (1972): Geologyof the Hamamatsu District. * Geol. Surv.
Japan.
KOBAYASHI, K. (1963): Episode of Quaternary history of Hamamatsu and its environ
in Central Japan. Jour. Lib. Art. Sci.,
Shinshu Univ., no. 13, p. 21-46, pI. 7.
KORlBA, K. and MIKI, S. (1939): On Paleodictyon and fossil Hydrodictyon. Jubilee
Pub I. Commemo. Prof. H. Yabe, p. 55-68,
pI. 1-2.
MATSUOKA, K. (197l): The occurrence of
microplankton from the Nobori and theAnanai Formations, Kochi Prefecture,
Japan.* Earth Sci. (Chikyu Kagaku), vol.
26, no, 1. p. 41-43.
- - (1974): Some plant microfossils from
the Miocene Fujiwara Group, Nara,
Central Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.

Japan, N. S., no. 94, p. 319-340, pis. 44-46.
MENEGHlr'Il, J. (1840): Desmidiearum Hucusque Cognitarum. Linnea, vol. 14, p. 201240.
NASU, T. (1970): On the fossil green algae,
Pediastrum, occurred from the PaleoBiwa Group and the Osaka Group. * Abstracts, Geol. Soc. Japan, Ann. Meeting,
Shizuoka, p. 136.
NEGORO, K. (1954): Pediastrum Biwae spec.
nov., eine neue planktische Griinalgae aus
dem Biwasee. Acta Phytotax. Geobot.,vol. 15, p. 135-138.
- - (1959): Some noticeable plankton-algaeof Lake Biwa and its effluent. Algal
indicators of a water system. Mem. Coli.
Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B. vol. XXVI, no. 3,
p. 311-314, pI. 1.
RABENHORST, L. (1868):
Flora Europaea
Algarum Aquae Dulcis et Submarinae,
Sectio III, p. 68-78, Lipsiae.
Resarch Group for Hiruzenbara (1975):
Quaternary System of Hiruzenbara, Okayam a Prefecture. * Earth Sci. (Chikyu
Kagaku) , vol. 29, nos. 24, 25, p. 153-160,
210-227, pI. 1-2, figs. 12, tables 5.
SHlMAKURA, M. (1964): Palynological studyof the Quaternary deposits around
Hamamatsu.* Geol. Report of Hamamatsu

Explanation of Plate 47
Figs. 1-4. Pediastrum boryanum (TURPIN) MENEGHlNI
Fig. 1. Slide no. KMD-l, X 335.
Fig. 2. Slide no. KMD-5, x 335.
Fig. 3. Slide no. KMD-3, X 335.
Fig. 4. Slide no. KMD-1. x 670.
Figs. 5-8. Pediastrum duplex MEYEN var. coharens BOHLIN
Fig. 5. Slide no. KMD-l, X 670.
Fig. 6. Slide no. KMD-4, X 335.
Fig. 7. Slide no. KMD-3, x335.
Fig. 8. Slide no. KMD-3, X 335 ..
Figs. 9-13. Pediastrum araneosum RAClBORSKI var. rugulosum (G. S. WEST) G. M. SMITH
Fig. 9. Slide no. KMD-l, X 335.
Fig. 10. Slide no. KMD-4, X 335.
Fig. 11. Slide no. KMD-4, X 335.
Fig. 12. Slide no. KMD-5, X 670.
Fig. 13. Slide no. KMD-J, x 335.
Fig. 14. Pediastrum simplex (MEYEN) LEMMER MANN var. duodinarium (BAILEY) RABENHORST
Slide no. KMD-5, x 170.

MATSUOKA and HASE:

Plate 47

J->leistocene Pediastrum2,,,._. .

.

..0$f' #_;i '. . .

...... . . .

".. ~"~ l- ••e # · ~. . ' c,
'\ ,
, '.

",-.'"..

0
•
•

>:

. ~ Jf~.>~..... -k;, .t/,.,.;;/'.
';.-7v, ' . r
<

~ ~

,

~

~.(
I ...

':rJ ••.,"""'------_ 3

" e

•

<•

..
J

," " . ' "

".r
.

~

"I

-- ./
rI'iI"- •Jf"'to , -, _ . '- ~;;r
'If

7

•

..

. ,

~ ' A_

9#.,.

•'--_~~_ 8

669.

441

Pleistocene Pediastrurn

City, p. 2-19-255, p. 1.
- - (Edt.) (1971): History of Nara City.*
Volume of Nature, p. 1-108.
SMITH, G. M. (1920): Phytoplankton of theInland Lakes of Wisconsin. Wisconsin
Ceol. Nat. Hist., Ser., no. 57, Sci. ser.
no. 12, p. 1-243, pI. 1-51.
TSUCIII, R. (1960): The geological history of

the Quaternary formation in the lower
course of the Tenryu River, Central
Japan. Sci. Rep. (Ceol.), Tohoku Univ.,
spec. vol. 1, no. 4, p. 583-589.
ZORIKI, T. and HIROSE, K. (1975): On thealgae found in brackish-water area of
Yodo River.* Bull. Jap. Soc. Phycol.,vol. 23, p. 60-66.
*. in Japanese.

Biwa
HamanaKanzanji
Kii
Kinki

IE
~

1!
:is

1m III ~

*c

~

W
~

Mikatagahara
Osaka
SahamaSeta
Yodo~1i'Tmt

*-

lift

t!i:

~

j'fi'lEH

i!E

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 104, pp.442-447, pI. 48, Jan. 20, 1977

670. TWO CARBONIFEROUS CORALS DISCOVEREDFROM MITSUZAWA, SOUTHEASTERN PARTOF THE KW ANTO MASSIF*NOBUO Y AMAGIWA
Institute of Geoscience, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, 543

I)~r* IlJ:llli m}li[llfl':::':/ 1R'@:E~*cJJlllrlYJ{tE 2 :fH::."':)I,,-C: }li[}jl;jIfllT:[~ii:JIZ.lif:l mlBJ~t lflB
6 km l1)=:/1RiJ'GljiU::itt1~K.J: -?-C1*~~.ht..:lllllf;\1HtE~liif')[ L, Lithostrotion (SiPhoI10dendron) mitsuzawensis, n. sp. :t-; J: V' Ozakiphyllum ? sp. indet. l1) 21ll~~7J1J, E,c.tt-t:5 C ;ltv::., :t-l1).@:t±lr.;''i$l1)II'lH\:;v::'f:t early Namurian l1)ilJtJ8~iJ:;V:5;:: C ~j!lS"t..:o ;:: l1)~iB
Jtf:t:f&l:ill:~ (1973) Early Carboniferous Visean Faunas from Mitsuzawa, southeasternpart of the Kwanto massif 0) part 3 v::.:tI3~-t:5 {,l1)-C;V:5iJ:, lllUf;\1J{tEl1)liif')[iJ'G.7;..
:5 C, :t-l1)~f\;;f:t Visean J: I) {, early Namurian c-t:5lfiJ:~~c%-;tG.h:5.
i-Up~JJ5~

gense. L. (5.) pauciradiale, L. (5.) martiniand L. (5.) pseudomartini. Lithostrotion(Siphonodendron) hidense was describedby KATO (1959a) from the Siplwnodendron
hidense zone in the Ichinotani formation,
Hida massif. From the data of many
corals, he assumed that this zone ranges
from late Visean to early Namurian inage (KATO. 1959b). According to thefusulinid study of the Ichinotani formation (lGO, 1959), Eostaffella kanmerai
subzone that is correlated to the Sip/wnodendron hidense zone belongs to late
Visean (possibly extending to early
Namurian). Lit hostrotion (Siplwnodendron)na/wzawai was described by MIKATO andKATO (1957) from a boulder in the conglomerate of the Permian Maizuru group;
this species is similar to some of Lithostrotion (Si pIlOn odendron) from the Upper
Visean of China. Lithostrotion (Siplwnodendron) yaolingense was found in theUpper Visean of China (CHU, 1928), L.
(5.) pauciradiale in the Upper Visean of

Two interesting coral species Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) mitsuzawensis, n.
sp. and Ozakiphyllum ? sp. indet., in thisarticle were collected by SAKAGAMI from
the Mitsuzawa limestone in the southeastern part of the K wanto massif.
This fossil fauna including gastropods.
brachiopods, corals. bryozoans and crinoid
stems was discovered by SAKAGAMI (1972)
from the Mitsuzawa limestone. Of them.
the gastropods were described already by
SAKAGAMI (1973) and the brachiopods by
YANAGIDA (1973) respectively. According
to them, this fauna is referable to Late
Visean in age. Later IGO and KOBAYASHI(1974) found rich conodonts from thelimestone, and they concluded that thegeological age should be early Namurian.
Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) mitsllzawensis, n. sp. resembles the following
species: Lithostrotion (Siplwnodendron)hidense, L. (5.) nakazawai, L. (5.) yaolin-* Received July 7, 1976; read October 28,
1972 at Matsuyama.
442

670.

Two Carboniferous Corals f1'om Mitsuzawa

japan, China and Europe (PHILLIPS, 1843 ;EDWARDS and HAIME, 1852; KUNTH, 1869;
YD, 1933; HILL, 1940; MINATO, 1955), L.
(5.) martini in the Upper Visean of japan,
Europe and Africa (EDWARDS and HAIME,
1852; THOMSON and NICHOLSON, 1873;
BENsoN and SMITH, 1923; LEWIS, 1930;
MENCHIKOFF and Hsu, 1935; MINATO,1943, 1955), and L. (5.) pseudo martini in
the Upper Visean of japan (YABE and
HAYASAKA, 1915; MINATO, 1943, 1955).
Ozakiphyllum? sp. indet. resembles
Ozakiphyllwn hayasakai, O. compactum
and O. ozawae. Very recently, Ozakiphyllwn hayasakai was described by KATO
and MINATO (1975) from the Millerellazone in the Edo area, Akiyoshi district.
They thought that the zone showed
early Namurian in age. Ozakiphyllum
compactum was also described by KATO
and MINATO (1975) from the Carboniferous at the Yakusen quarry, Isa, Akiyoshi.
According to them, this coral also indicates early Namurian. OT A (personalcommunication) considers at present that
the Carboniferous strata in question may
belong to the Nagatophyllum zone. TORIYAMA and OTA (1971) considered the zone
to be Middle Visean in age. Ozakiphyllum ozawae occurs in the Carboniferous
limestons at the Uzura quarry, Akiyoshi(Y AMAGIW A and OTA,1963). judging fromthe fusulinid data by OT A (1971), theCarboniferous belongs to the Millel'ellazone which is late Visean according to
TORIY AMA and OT A (1971). From thesame locality, the brachiopod fauna wasdescribed by YANAGIDA (1962, 1965), andthe bryozoans by SAKAGAMI (1964). They
assumed the age to be late Visean. On
the other hand, IGO and KOIKE (1965)
studied the conodont fauna collected fromthe same locality, and they think thatit shows early Pennsylvanian or late
Namurian in age. Very recently, KATO
and MINATO (1975) considered that443

Ozakiphyllum ozawae may range fromearly Namurian to middle Pennsylvanian(Fusulinella zone) in age. The species of
Ozakiphyllum in Akiyoshi occur in the
Nagatophyllum zone (with some suspension) or the i\lIillerella zone, but thedecision of their age is in a state ofdisorder. According to the coral fauna,
the distinct late Visean coral species
from japan, China and others such as
the ones belonging to Kueichouphyllu11l,
Palaeosmilia, Dibunophyllum and Lithostrotion (Lithostrotion) do not occur inthe iVagatophyllu1n and Millerella zones
in Akiyoshi up to the present. Moreover, the coral species from these zones(HASEG AWA, 1963; Y AMAG IW A and OT A,
1963; TORIYAMA and OTA, 1971; KATO
and MINATO, 1975) do not contain any
corals clearly showing Visean age. Of
them, some species have been reported
from the Middle Carboniferous in other
districts. The known data in japan are
as follows: Hiroshimaphyllum aff. toriyamai so closely related to H. toriyamai
from the Nagatophyllum zone to thelvlillerella zone were discovered by GOTO
and Y AMAGIW A (1975) from the Hieda
formation showing the Fusulinella zone
in Hyogo Prefecture, Amygdalophyllidium
d. naoseudeum so closely allied to A.
naoseudeum from the Nagatophyllum zone
by Y AMAGIW A (1961) from the Profusulinella-Fusulinella zone in Atetsu and by
GOTO and YAMAGIW A (1975) from the
Nishiobatake formation (Middle Carboniferous) in Hyogo Prefecture, and Pseudopavona taisyakuana from the Millerellazone to the Fusulinella zone by YOKOYAl\IA (1957) from the Fusulinella zone in
Taisyaku and by YAMAGIWA (1961) fromthe Profusulinella-Fusulinella zone in
Atetsu. Therefore, I consider that the
Nagatophyllum zone and the Millerellazone in Akiyoshi indicate early Namurian
age on the basis of the coral fauna.

444

Nobuo Y AMAGIW A

From the above mentioned data. I
suspect that: 1) Ozalziphyllum ? sp. indet.
is similar to the species of Ozakiphyllum
from the Lower Namurian in Akiyoshi.
2) Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) mit,suzawensis, n. sp. is related to the speciesof Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) fromthe Upper Visean in Japan, China andothers. Therefore, the coral fauna from
the Mitsuzawa limestone contains bothtypes of late Visean and early Namurian
in age. Of the above mentioned species
showing the late Visean in age, Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) hidense, however, probably extends to early Namurian. Moreover, many species belonging
to Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) occur
in the Lower Carboniferous (Upper
Visean) at many places in the world, butsome in the Middle Carboniferous. On
the other hand, the species of Ozakiphylfum have not been found in the late
Visean up to the present, but in theearly Namurian. Therefore, the present
coral fauna may indicate early Namurian
in age.
I wish to express my hearty thanks to
Prof. Sumio SAKAGAMI of the Ehime
University who permited me to study
some interesting materials collected byhim, and gave me kind advice to thisstudy. My sincere thanks are extended
to Prof. Emeritus Haruyoshi FUJIMOTO
of the Tokyo University of Education
for his reading the manuscript, and forhis kind guidance. Thanks are also due
to Dr. Masamichi OT A of the Akiyoshidai Science Museum for his kind guidance in the geological study of the Akiyoshi limestone. Photographic work wasdone by Mr. Fukumatsu SUGITA of the
Osaka Kyoiku University, to whom I
extend my many thanks.

Systematic description

Genus Lithostrotion LYWYD, 1699
(FLEMING, 1828)
Subgenus Siphonodendron M'CoY, 1849
Lit hostrotion (SipllOnodendron)mitsuzawensis, n. sp.
PI. 48, figs. 1-2

Corallum is fasciculate, composed ofcyrindrical in form, usually 5.0 to 7.0 mm
in diameter in transverse section inmature stage. External wall is relatively thin. Major septa are usually 14-18
in number, extending to the central area,
but most of them do not unite with thecolumella. Minor septa are more or lessvariable in length, ranging usually from
1/3 to 2/3 the length of the major ones
in mature stage; they are not seen in
immature stage. Both major and minor
septa are relatively thin and slightly
sinuous; they show the fine structure of
the diffuso-trabecular type. Columella isthin, slightly fusiform in shape, usuallyunited with the counter and cardinal
septa. Dissepiments are arranged concentrically, but sometimes irregular inpattern.
In longitudinal section, tabulae are incomplete, and rather steeply ascending
to the columella. Columella is relatively
distinct. Tabularium occupies 2/3 entire
space of the corallites. Dissepimentarium
is composed of small vesicles with theirconvex sides facing upwards as well as
inwards; they are arranged in three rows.
Comparison: The present specimensmuch resemble Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) hidense described by KATO (1959a)from the Ichinotani formation in the Hida
massif in many important characters.
The corallites of the latter, however, arearranged in somewhat linear pattern, andshow round to polygonal outlines owing

670.

Two Carboniferous Corals from Mitsuzawa

to their mode of contact to the neighbours. The present species is similar to
Lit hostrotion (5iphonodendron) yaolingensedescribed by CHU (1928) from the Lower
Carboniferous in China and L. (5.)
nakazawaidescribed by MINAToand KATO
(1957) from a pebble in the conglomerate
bed, a member of the Permian Maizuru
Group, Southwest Japan in many respects,
but differs from the latter two in having
longer minor septa and less numerous
septa. It is also related to Lithostrotion(5iphonodendron) pauciradiale describedby PHILLIPS (1843), Eow AROS and HAIME(1852), KUNTH (1869), YU (1933), HILL
(1940) and MINATO (1955) from the Lower
Carboniferous, but differs from that in
ha ving small vesicles arranged in threerows in longitudinal section. It resembles
Lithostrotion (5iplwnodendron) martzn!
described by Eow AROS and HAIME (1852),
THOMSON and NICHOLSON (1875), BENSON
and SMITH (1923), LEWIS (1930), MECHIKOFF and Hsu (1935) and MINATO (1943,
1955), but is distinguishable from that in
the inclination of tabulae and the size ofcorallites. It is also similar to Lithostrotion (5iphonodendron) pseudomartini described by Y ABE and HAY ASAKA (1915)
and MINATO (1943, 1955), but differs inhaving larger corallites and small vesicles
arranged in three rows longitudinal
section.
Occurrence: Limestone of Mitsuzawa
in the southeastern part of the Kwanto
massif.
Collector: Sumio SAKAGAMI.
Repository: Reg. no. PA1l669 (holotype)(National Science Museum).
Genus OzakiphyllulIl KATO andMINATO, 1975
Ozakiphyllum ? sp. indet.
PI. 48, figs. 3-5

445

Corallum is compound and cerioid.
Corallites are polygonal in shape, measuring usually 7.0 to 9.0 mm in diameter intransverse section in mature stage. Axial
structure is so thickly constructed, ovalin shape, and measures 1.7 to 2.5 mm indiameter; it consists of many septal
lamellae, less numerous axial tabellae anda median plate. Septa are in two orders,alternating; they are almost straight,very thick at proximal ends and gradulaIy thin distally. N aos-like structure
is seen in peripheral part of several
septa. Some septa disappear into meshesof lonsdaleoid vesicles in the peripheralarea. Major septa are long and about 20
in number. but most of them do notconnect with the axial structure. Minor
septa are very long and slightly shorter
than the major ones. There are no tertiaryones. Wall is very thick, and consistsof lateral coalition of neighbouring septa.
Dissepiments are arranged in concentric
pattern.
In longitudinal section, dissepiments
and c1inotabulae are distinct. Transverse
tabulae are also observed. Dissepimentarium occupies about 1/2 the width of acorallite. Axial tabellae and a medianplate are so thickly constructed; theformer show a dome-like structure.
Comparison: The present specimensmuch resemble the species of the genus
Ozakiphyllum proposed by KA TO andMINATO (1975) in many important characters, except the naos-like structure in
peripheral part of several·septa. Therefore, I place them in the genus Ozakiphyllum with some doubt at present.
The present species is very similar to
Ozakiphyllum compactum described by
KATO and MINATO (1975) from the lower
part of the Akiyoshi limestone in many
respects such as solid axial structure,
thick septa, long minor septa, thick wall,
weak developed lonsdaleoid vesicles andNobuo YAMACIWA

446

others, but differs from that in having
thinner septa, less dense axial structureand several naos-like septa. It is closely
related to Ozakiphyllum hayasakai KA TO
and MINATO (1975) from the lower partof the Akiyoshi limestone. However, thepresent form has larger corallites andseveral naos-like septa. Except for thenaos-like septa, it may show an intermediate form between Ozakiphyllum compactum and O. hayasakai. It is sowewhat
similar to Ozakiphyllum ozawae Y AMAGIWA and OTA (1963) from the lower partof Akiyoshi. It, however, differs from thatspecies by its larger corallites, more
numerous septa and other respects.
Occurrence: Limestone of Mitsuzawa
in the southeastern part of the Kwanto
massif.
Collector: Sumio SAKAGAMI.
Repository: Reg. no. PAll670 (National Science Museum).
References
BE:'ISON, W. N. and SMITH, S. (1923): On
some rugose corals from Burindi series(Lower Carboniferous) of New South
Wales, together with a short account of
the Upper Paleozoic rocks of the area inwhich they were collected. Quart. jour.
Ceot. Soc. London, vol. 79, pp. 156-17l.
Ow, S. (1928): Upper Palaeozoic formations
and faunas of Yaoling, Chenhsien, S.
Hunan. Bull. Ceol. Soc. China, vol. 7,
pp. 61-80.
EDWARDS, H. M. and HAIME, J. (1852): A

monograph of the British fossil corals, pt.
3, Corals from the Permian formationand the mountain limestone. Palaeontgr.
Soc. London, no. 6, pp. 147-210.
GOTO, H. and YAMAGIWA, N. (1975): Some
Carboniferous corals from Hyogo Prefecture, Southwest Japan. Alem. Osaka
Kyoiku Univ., Ser. 3, vol. 24, no. 1, pp.
87-93.
HASEGAWA, Y. (1963): New find of fossils
in the reddish tuffaceous shale in the
Akiyoshi Province. Chikyu Kagaku, no.
64, pp. 32-37.
HILL, D. (1940): Carboniferous rugose coralsof Scotland, pt. 3.
Palaeontgr. Soc.
London, vo. 94, no. 3, pp. 115-204.
leo, H. (1959): Stratigraphic position of thecorals in the Ichinotani formation (Carboniferous)-Reply to KATO'S opinion-.
jour. Ceol. Soc. japan, vol. 65, no. 768,
pp. 559-560. (J)- - and KOBAYASHI, F. (1974): Carboniferous conodonts from the Itsukaichi District, Tokyo, Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., no. 96, pp. 411426.
- - and KOIKE, T. (1965): Carboniferous
conodonts from Yobara, Akiyoshi limestone, Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N. S., no. 59, pp. 83-9l.
KATO, M. (1959a):
Some Carboniferous
rugose corals from the Ichinotani formation, Japan. jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido
Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 263-267.
- - (1959b): Reply to H. IGo's discussion.
jour. Ceol. Soc. japan, vol. 65, no. 768,
pp. 561-562. (1)- - and MINATO, M. (1975): The rugose
coral family Pseudopa voniidae.
jour.
Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 4, vol.l 7,

Explanation of Plate 48
Figs. 1-2. Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron) mitsuzawensis, n. sp.
1. Transverse section .................... x4.0 (PA11669a)
2. Longitudinal section .................. x4.0 (PA11669b)
Figs. 3-5. Ozakiphyllum? sp. indet.
3. Transverse section .................... x4A (PA11670a)
4. Transverse section .................... x4.4 (PA11670b)
5. Longitudinaj se~tion .................. x4A (PA11670c)

YAM AG I W A:

T wo Carboniferous c01'als .i1·om Mitsuzawa

Plate 48

670.

Two Carboniferous Corals from JVlitsuzawa

no. 1, pp. 89-127.
KUNTH, D. (1869): Beitrage zur Kenntnis
fossiler Korallen, pt. 1, Korallen desschlesischen Kohlenkalkes. Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges., no. 21, pp. 183-220.
LEWIS, H. P. (1930): The Avonian succession
in the south of the Isle of Man. Quart.
Jour. Geol. Soc. London, no. 36, pp. 234290.
MENCHIKOFF, N. and Hsu, T. Y. (1935): LesPolypiers carbonifere du Sahara occi·
dental. Bull. Soc. geol. France, vol. 5,
no. 5, pp. 229-261.
MINATO, M. (1943): On the Upper Viseancoral fauna from the coral limestone of
the Kitakami mountainland, Northeastern
Honsyu, Japan. Jour. Sigenkagaku Kenkyu.
sho, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 221-240.
- - (1955):
Japanese Carboniferous andPermian corals. Jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido
Univ., Ser. 4, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-202.
- - and KATO, M. (1957): New species ofSiphonodendron from Japan. Trans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., no. 26, pp. 4750.
OTA, M. (1971): Faunas and correlation ofof the "Uzura " Quarry limestone of Aki·
yoshi, Southwest Japan, pt. 2, Fusulinian
fauna. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., no.
7, pp. 65-74.
PHILLIPS, J. (1843):
Illustrations of thegeology of Yorkshire, pt. 2, The mountainlimestone district. London, pp. 1-253.
SAKAGA~lI, S. (1964): Bryozoa of Akiyoshi,
pt. 2, Lower Carboniferous Bryozoa fromthe Uzura Quarry. Trans. Proc. Palaeont.
Soc. Japan, N. S., no. 56, pp. 295-308.
- - (1972): Discovery of the early Carboniferous Visean fauna from the Kwanto
massif. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 78,
no. 4, p. 216. (1)- - (1973) : Early Carboniferous Viseanfaunas discovered from Mitsuzawa, southeastern part of the Kwanto massif, pt. 1,
AkiyoshiAtetsuEdo
Hieda
Ichinotani

±

tk
P'J

'"
:gr

~

~

fll

ill
/

~

447

Gastropods. Trans. Proc. Pa/aeont. Soc.
Japan, N. S., no. 90, pp. 95-98.
THO:\<ISON, J. and NICHOLSON, H. A. (1875):
Contribution to the study of the chief
generic types of the Palaeozoic corals.
Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist., \-01. 4, no. 16,
pp. 305-309, 424-429.
TORIYA~IA, R. and OTA, M. (1971): Akiyoshidai. Guide-book for Geologic. excursion(Hiroshima), pp. 1-29.
YABE, H. and HAYASAKA, 1. (1915): Palaeozoic corals from Japan, Korea and China.
Jour. Geol. Soc. Tokyo, vol. 22, pp. 127-142.
YAl\IAGIWA, N. (1961): The Permo-Carboniferous corals from the Atetsu plateau andthe coral faunas of the same age in theSouthwest Japan, pt. 1, The PermoCarboniferous corals from the Atetsu
plateau. Mem. Osaka Univ. Lib. Art. &Educ., B. Nat. Sci., no. 10, pp. 77-114.
- - and OTA, M. (1963): Faunas and correlation of "Uzura" Quarry, Akiyoshi,
Southwest Japan, pt. 1, Corals. Bull.
Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., no. 2, pp. 87-93.
YANAGIDA, J. (1962): Carboniferous brachiopods from Akiyoshi, Southwest Japan,
pt. 1. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyusyu Univ., vol.
12, no. 1, pp. 87-127.
- - (1965): Carboniferous brachiopods from
Akiyoshi, Southwest Japan, pt. 2. Ibid.,
vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 113-142.
- - (1973):
Early Carboniferous Viseanfaunas discovered from Mitsuzawa, southeastern part of the Kwanto massif, pt. 2,
Brachiopods. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
Japan, N. S., no. 90, pp. 99-112.
YOKOYAMA, T. (1957): Note on some Carboniferous corals from Taisyaku district,
Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Jour. Sci.
Hiroshima Univ., Sec. C, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.
73-82.
YD, C. C. (1933): Lower Carboniferous coralsof China. Palaeont. Sinica, Ser. B, vol.
12, fasc. 3, pp. 1-211.
Isa
Mitsuzawa
Nishiobatake
Taisyaku
Yakusen

fti:

ffi
-;;

iR
l!.!i*~
'iff

~

~

1Jll

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 104, pp. 448-458, pI. 49, Jan. 20, 1977

671.

LATE PLEISTOCENE NIPPONICERVUS (CERVID, MAMMAL)FROM THE AKIYOSHI PLATEAU, WEST JAPAN*
HIROYUKI OTSUKA
Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University

JlJ r:J J)jH.:krraj£O)1&Wl~!Uftlti1[f4 Nipponicervus jffi~ : I.l-l r:J JJf<~*1BJ O)l'.:k1fa ~t*11ilic:.
::f<;\, 'L.!&:i[[9€Ji!. ~ hk.ifi1j»lfO):ltfl!{¥oi.l' G, E"fO)Ilffl:JLMftE~c:.:f*~ ~ht-:}1[f4ftE (~":) ;?1lJt1t) ~liJf:Jt lA-:*i5,*, .:thft Cervus ~O)fFiTl~fil!lffi:""(';I;;o Nipponicervus jffi~ (= Deperetia SHII<AivIA, 1936) O)!UffJ!""(';I;;o .:: i.I~hi.l' ":> t-: • .:: 0)i1[0) jEj 0) 7fHi& filjJj Gi.I,vc:. Nipponicervus jffi»J!,vc:.%,1'fO) {, 0)""(';1; ;oi.l', -1), n.ii;~Hb~!$(:-t;o iIT!f'ftj·O) ') i?~1t .1fvcJi!.Hl:l ~h;O \" <":)i.I'O)%'i!l&ft, .:: O)i1[i.I~~lIJ~fJ!""(';I;;o '/ "/""<:/ tJ Cervus (Sika) pulchellus IivIAIZU:\I1 vci[[~""(';I;;o,:: C ~~~ L L \";00 .:: O)!UffJ!i1[ft Nipponicervus jffi~
Sika jffiJmO)*;f;!t9€!£0)~~J::, $1iObL]!~""(';I;;oo ~~~O)~fi:ft:fiffi . *.:{p~J.t::f<; J: lf~j£ lA-:llffi:JLllJIJ

c c {,ccc¥oilf-i.l, G~ L, ~!Ufill:*i.I' G.!&:!UftltmWlvCi.l'vtL 0) {, 0)""(';1;;0 .:: c i.I;.j'ftAE~h;ooto the subgenus Nipponicervus (=Deperetia, SHIKAMA, 1936) and is closely related

Introduction
In 1967, an almost complete skull ofCervus with attached right antler wascollected by the staffs of the Akiyoshi-dai
Science Museum of Akiyoshi-cho, Yamaguchi Prefecture from the deposits of
Kadoyano-ana Cave, located at the northeastern part of the Akiyoshi plateau(=Akiyoshi-dai) of Yamaguchi Prefecture,West japan. As the result of the succeeding exca vation works, some well-preserved
specimens of mammals were collected.
These specimens were transferred to mylaboratory for study through the kindness of Dr. Masamichi OT A of the Akiyoshi-dai Science Museum.
The deer in question holds very interesting morphological features of theantler and skull; of these, the antler
shows that this deer is safely referable

to the early Pleistocene fossil deer from
Kyushu, West japan. Slight rel;;ttionships
between the new species from Akiyoshi
plateau and one living japanese deer
from the Tsushima Islands, can be recognized if we pay attention to a few
characters of their skulls.
For these reasons, the present new
species seems to be noticeable for theconsideration on the phylogeny of thejapanese Cervus through the geologicalages. Some remarks on this problem
will be given in this paper.
Before going further, I wish to express
my deep gratitude to Professor Shozo
HAYASAKA of the Kagoshima University
for his continuous encouragement andcarefull reading of the manuscript, and to
Dr. Masamichi OTA, Messrs. Akihiro SUGIMURA and Takehiko HAIKA W A of the
Akiyoshi-dai Science Museum, Dr. Masa-* Received Oct. 19, 1976; read June 15, 1974
at Osaka.

448

671.

Nipponicervus from the Akiyoshi Plateau

fumi MURAT A and Mr. Makoto OKAMURA of the Kumamoto University for
their help in various ways during thecourse of the present study. Acknowledgements are due to Drs. Yoshinori
IMAIZUMI and Yoshikazu HASEGAWA of
the National Science Museum in Tokyoand Professer Michihiro KAWANO of the
Yamaguchi University for their valuablesuggestions. I am also greatly indebted
to Mr. Toma KADOYA for his valuable
and important collection. I am deeply
indebted to Dr. Kotora HAT AI, Professor
Emeritus of the Tohoku University, who
has kindly given to our library a large

449

number of literature valuable for thepresent study.
Fossil locality and stratigraphic
position

The Kadoyano-ana Cave which was
newly discovered by the members of the
Caving Club of the Yamaguchi University
is located at about 400 meters southwestof the entrance of Taisho-do Cave andopens northward on the northern slopeof the plateau surface of the Akiyoshi
plateau (Text-fig. 1). It is about 70
meters in length and eight meters in

N30W.
~

JOInt

o

Taisho.
d6~

Kadoyano-ana
00

KAE.RIMIZU

00

o 2 4 6 819m.

CHOJAGAMORI . 1 KM ,/Text-fig. 1. Plan and section of the cave called
Kadoyano-ana (right) and the location (left).

~_

:clay

~: grave! bed-1; fossil locality

450

Hiroyttki OTSUKA

maximum width; the entrance is verysmall, nearly half a meter wide and one
meter high; from the small entrance thecave abruptly slopes down like a pit, andsoon becomes to be connected with themain tunnel. The main tunnel, as a whole,is divided into three areas, i. e. the south,
middle and north; at the south area itruns in north-south direction sloping fromthe south to the north, while at thenorth it extends from the northwest to
the southeast sloping from the north tothe south; at the middle area it trends
in west-east direction and slightly sloping
to the east. On the floor of the tunnel
area accumlated thin layer of clay, gravel,and some fallen blocks of limestone.
The gravel bed is recognized in the
middle, narrow area. It is more than
two meters in thickness and composedof pebbles of limestone, sandstone andhard shale derived from Cretaceous
Kanmon Group.
From this gravel bed, and from thefloor of the tunnel, the following five
mammalian species were collected.
Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis,
n. sp.
Cervus (Sika) nippon TEMMINCKSus leucomytax TEMMINCK
Lepus brachyurus TEMMINCKR hinolophus sp.
Among these mammals, many skeletal
parts of the last four species were collected from many places on the surfaceof the floor or from the thin layer ofsandy sediments on the floor of thetunnel. They are slightly fossilized, lightyellow in color and partly covered witha thin layer of calcareous sinter.
On the other hand, some remains of C.
(N.) ahiyoshiensis, n. sp. were excavaged
from the gravel bed mentioned above.
But the skull specimen described in thispaper was found on the surface of thegravel bed in the middle area. This

specimen, however, is more fossilized andof darker color than the other specimens
collected from the floor. These features
are characteristic of the specimens collected from the gravel bed. Therefore
I believe that the skull specimen inquestion was washed out from the gravel
bed.
Although there is no reliable evidence
to date the geological age of the gravel
bed of the Kadoyano-ana, the level andlithofacies of the gravel bed suggest thatit can be correlated to the Akago gravel
bed (MIURA, 1969) in the Akago basinnear Kadoyano-ana Cave. The Akago
gravel bed is the main constituent of theUpper Terrace in the basin and is covered
with the Lower Terrace deposits called
the Akago volcanic ash bed; it is correlated to the terrace deposits called the
Shimoryo sandy clay bed (MIURA, 1969)
which is distributed mainly in the western
margin of the Akiyoshi plateau. The
Shimoryo sandy clay bed, furthermore, iscorrelated to the Upper member of the
Isa Formation (TAKAHAsHI & KAWANO,
1968).
The Isa Formation was proposed by
SHIKAMA & TAKAHASHI (1949) for the
fissure deposits of the limestone quarriesof Isa-machi, Mine City. At present theIsa Formation and its correlatives are
divided into three, i. e. the lower, middle
and upper members. The lower member,consists mainly of red clay and has
yielded many extinct mammals such as
Stegodon orientalis OWEN, Panthera youngi(PEI), P. ct. pm'dus (LINNAEUS) and others
is called the Stegodon-Panthera bed(SHIKAMA & OKAFUJI, 1963). By meansof the mammalian fauna, the lower
member of the Isa Formation is correlated to the middle Pleistocene Lower
Kuzuu Formation (SHIKAMA, 1949) ofCentral Japan and is considered to be
the same age as the mammal-bearing

671.

451

Nipponicervus front the Akiyoshi Plateau

deposits of Chukoutien near Peking in
Chinese continent. The upper member
consists mainly of gravelly clay andyielded such characteristic mammals as
Sinomegaceros (Sinomegaceroides) yabei(SHIKAMA), Cervus (Nipponicervus) praenipponicus SHIKAMA, Palaeoloxodon aomoriensis TOKUNAGA, Anourosorex japonicus SHIKAMA & HASEGAWA andothers, and is called Anourosorex-Sinomegaceroides bed (SHIKAMA & OKAFU]I,1963). This bed is correlated to the late
Pleistocene Upper Kuzuii Formation.
As mentioned above, the gravel bed
that yielded C. (N.) akiyoshiensis, n. sp.
seems to be correlated to the upper
member of the Isa Formation from thegeological point of view, but no mammalian fossils characterizing the upper
member of the Isa Formation have beenfound in this gravel bed. Therefore, fortheir precise correlation further evidences
are necessary.
The name Muk6yama bed was given

to the sandy clay bed overlying the
Akiyoshi brown clay bed at a quarry in
Isa-machi, Mine City while the Chogatsubo bed was named for the shelly
sandy clay bed at Kojiki-ana Cave(SHIKAMA & OKAFUJI, 1963). SHIKAMA& OKAFU]I (1963) considered that the
Chogatsubo bed may represent a phasewhen a part of the Akiyoshi plateau wassubmerged. This Chogatsubo bed yielded
several living species of mammals suchas Sus leucomytax TEMMINCK, Lepus
brachyurus TEMMINcK, A10gera wogura(TEMMINCK) and others. and is called theSus bed. As to the age of these twobeds, SHIKAMA and OKAFUJI consideredthem to be early Holocene (" K " stage
in their paper). The mammalian faunacollected was found on the very thin,sandy layer on the floor of the Kadoyanoana Cave, where no thick sediments asseen in the Sus bed existed. Therefore,
I am of opinion that the age of the
mammalian remains found on the floor

Table 1. Pleistocene stratigraphy in Akiyoshi district.
(After SHIKA~IA & OKAFUJI (1963), TAKi\IIASIII & KAWA:"O (1968)J
Geological age~.

FissureCave

Muk6yama F.

Chogatsubo F.

FluvialStage

Yurakucho

Holocene

I

TachikawaI
I Akiyoshi brown clay Bed

...

OJ

Akiyoshi \'olcanic ash Bed

0.
0.

;:::J

Sl'
llmosueyos

OJ

:=:
OJ

u

.8en

OJ

;:l..

'0
'0

'iii

!

I Tama~Byobugaura_ _ ,I

Manchidani

h·1I Shimon'o,Matsubara sandancl clav Bed
1

Akiyoshi brown clay Bed(Canis fallliliaris Bed)gravelly clay
r Upper:(Allourosorex.Si nomega·.Sceroides Bed

I Kamisobara clay Bed-:0E... Middle: sand and gravel,

I
I

;z..

0

I~

traverthine
Lower: red clay
(Stegodon-Panthera Bed)

Hiroyttki OTSUKA

452

of the Kadoyano-ana Cave may be
younger than those from the Sus bed_

Description
Order Artiodactyla
Family Cervidae GRAY, 1821
Genus Cervus LINNAEUS, 1758
Subgenus Nipponicervus KREZor, 1941

Type-species.' Cervus praenipponicus
SHIKAMA, 1936
Remarks.' Deperetia was established by
SHIKAMA (1936) as a subgenus of the
Pleistocene genus Cervus based on Cervus
praenipponicus SHIKAMA from the late
Pleistocene deposits of Central japan. As
was pointed by KREZor (1941), however,the subgeneric name Deperetia has already been used for pectinid group by
TEPPNER (1922) and for the antelope
group by SHAUB (1923), therefore, thename Deperetia is invalid for the subgenus of deer from the nomenclatorial
point of view. KREZor (1941) proposed a
new sub generic name Nipponicervus for
SHIKAMA'S Deperetia.
In spite of KREZor's comment, SHIKAMA'S Deperetia has long been adopted bymyself and some other japanese paleontologists in this field without attention.
But recently, I noticed about this mistakeand accepted the subgeneric name Nipponicervus instead of Deperetia for Cervus
praenipponicus and others (OTSUKA &SHIKAMA, 1976).
So long as the mode of the forking of
the antler is concerned, Cervus praenipponicus, the type species of Nipponicervus, seems to be similar to the subgenus Axis (=Chital) of the southeastern
Asia in having two-forking, wide anglesof the first fork and inward branchingof the terminal (second) fork. But many

species of Nipponicervus including typespecies have higher point and narrower
angles of the first forking than Axis.
Such being the case, I regarded it anindependent group from Axis.
Nowadays, six species of Nipponicervus
have been described by SHIKAMA and me
from the Pleistocene of japan and China.
Although, as a result of the study ofabundant specimens of Nipponicervus
from the late Pleistocene deposits in the
Seto Inland Sea of West japan, the following conclusion were obtained thatsome species recorded as "Deperetia"
can be referable to the variation of C.
(N.) praenipponicus or C. (N.) kazusensis.
Consequently, two species of Nipponicervus
were discriminated in the Pleistocene injapan (OTSUKA & SHIKAMA, 1976).
The species of the subgenus Nipponicervus first appeared in early Pleistocene
in East Asia and become distributed overCentral to West japan during middle andlate Pleistocene ages. It was accompanied by Stegodon in early Pleistocene
and by the Palaeoloxodon-Sinomegaceroides
Complex (HASEGAWA, 1972) in middle andlate Pleistocene. For these reasons, thisdeer is very important for the biostratigraphical, geochronological and palaeogeographical considerations of the japanese Pleistocene.

Cervus (Nipponicervus)
akiyoshiensis, n. sp.
PI. 49, figs. la-Id; Text-fig.
2, la-Ih; 3, la-Ie.

Material.' A skull with a right antler
attached. Reg. No. ESK 5062. (vide p. 458)
Locality.' Kadoyano-ana Cave (verticallimestone cave) at Akago, Mito-cho, Minegun, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Horizon.' The gravel bed which yield
the present new deer may be correlated

671.

Nipponicervus from the Akiyoshi Plateau

to the Upper Isa Formation at the typearea on the Akiyoshi Plateau; probably
late Pleistone.
SPecific diagnosis: The species has
medium-sized and two-forked antler.
Antler, supported on a rather shortpedicle, is comparatively long, slenderand moderately rugose. First tine isshort and forked at a position high above
burr, making small acute angles withbeam. Hind (or outer) tine of terminal
fork is somewhat longer than front (orinner) ones, forming the continuation of
beam. From front or front-inner surfaceof terminal fork, front tine arises as anoff-shoot. Beam above first fork is aboutfour and half times as long as the beam
below first fork. Antler is less expanded
outward than in the type species of
Nipponicervus and a space enclosed by
the antler of opposite sides is more orless of elliptical form.
Nasal bone is very short but broad andforms a nearly trapezoidal outline insection. Malar bone is very narrow but
moderately long and is much constricted
near the antero-lower side of orbital ring.
Description of the specimen: Antler.
The antler, supported on rather shortpedicle on the skull, is very slender, long,irregularly curved and measuring 435mm
from the burr to the tip of the inner (orhind) tine of the terminal fork. The
burr is moderately thick, rugose, circularand 47.0x44.1 mm in diameter. In lateralview, the beam streches backward fromthe base without any peculiar curvature,then upward near the terminal fork. In
frontal view, the antler is somewhat expanded outward and a space enclosed by
the antlers of opposite sides is more orless elongated elliptical-shaped, if restored. The first tine is very short,small and forked at a position rather
high (about 58 mm) above the burr,
making an angle of about 45 degrees with453

the beam. It is projected forward, somewhat outward. The height of the first
fork is nearly equal to the other speciesof Nipponicervus but is higher than theliving Japanese deer. The interval between the first and the second forks islong, being 388 mm when measured in astraight line. It is nearly four and a halftimes as long as the beam between theburr and the first fork. This value issomewhat larger than the other speciesof Nipponicervus and much larger thanthe living Japanese deer. The hind (orouter) tine of the terminal fork is somewhat longer than the front (or inner)
one, forming the continuation of thebeam. From the front or the front-innersurface of the terminal fork, the front
tine arises as an off shoot.
The measurements of the antler in mmor degrees are as follows:
Diameter of burr ....................... .
...... fore-and·aft 47.0; side· to-side 44.1
Thickness of burr ....................... .
. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . .. 6.8-8.0
Diameter of beam at middle ........... .
. ..... fore-and-aft 22.1; side-to-side 21.0
Height of first fork ..................... .
.................................... 58.0
Length of first tine ..................... .
.................................... 70.0
Length of beam from burr to second fork.................................... 399
Distance between first and second forks ..
.................................... 388
Angle of first fork ..................... .
...................................... 45

Skull. The skull of the present specimen seems to be the best one in themode of preservation compared with themany other specimens of Nipponicervus
which have been reported from the Japanese Islands. But some small bones that
constitute the skull of the present specimen such as the maxilla, the premaxilla
and others are missing.

Hiroyuki Orsu KA

454
I'

"II

("'~
,

\

"

I

'., ''

,, ''
,, ,,
I I
,:
,, ,,
,,,,
,

, I

,,
/ _t-;/
f
,
, '

',,1

"f

\~)

i}

,
'Y::.:la1,,'\1

'

I

I,
II

I I

II
I I

1 I
I I

\\

,,:

\

1/

\

.... / I",, I\,
\
,\
.\

\

\

\\\ \

\"\ \ , \ \\\'.. \" .... , ..
" , ",'".;.t, . ~-Jb

Text-fig. 2. Skull with antler of the living and fossil species ofCervus. Frontal (a)and lateral (b) views. 1. Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis n. sp., 2. Cervus (Nipponicervus) praenipponicus SHI[(A~!A from Kuzuii Formation (holotype), 3. Cervus (Sika) putchellus h!AIZU~H from Tsushima Islands (holotype).

The skull is about 233mm in preserved
length. It is almost equal to the lengthfrom the occipital condylus to the anterior end of the maxilla. The presentskull specimen has the following threecharacteristic osteological features.
One of them is the nasal bone;· It is
broad and forms a nearly trapezoidal
outline in transverse section (Text-fig. 4,
fig. Ic). The anterior end of the nasal
bone is broad and divided into two parts
by a rather deep notch, in which theouter side is much prolonged anteriorly
but does not reach the anterior marginof the palatine fissure.
The second character is the feature of
the malar bone. The bone is very narrow,moderately long and convex ventrally at
the front of the orbital ring between the
lacrimal and the maxilla bones. and ismuch constricted near the antero-ventral
margin of the orbital ring. The zygo-

matic process divides into two branches;of these, the frontal branch is very short
but broad and turns upward and somewhat backward and joins the long supraorbital process of the frontal bone; theterminal branch is broad and is overlapped by the zygomatic process of theterminal bone.
In the present specimen, the supraorbital process of the frontal bone stands
almost vertically on the nearly horizontal
zygomatic arch (the zygomatic processof the malar and the temporal bones),
while in the other living Japanese deer,
the former process declines backward
making large acute angles with thezygomatic arch.
Other osteological features of the skullof the present species do not differ muchfrom the living Japanese deer.
Measurements of teeth and the skull
are as follows (in 111m).

671. Nipponicervus from the Akiyoshi Plateau(Teeth)Width
Length
PMl
11. 2
11. 5
PM2
13.7
11. 5
PM3
13.6
10.3
Ml
15.8
13.4
M2
17.0
17.0
M3
17.0
17.4
Teeth row (PMI-M3) ................ 77.5
(Skull)Preserved length of skull (length from
occipital condylus to the anterior endof maxiIIa) ........................ 223.3
Maximum width of nasal bone ...... 34.7
Maximum length of nasal bone ...... 79.4
Maximum width of frontal bone between
orbital rings of opposite side ...... 82.0
Distance between both orbital foramens.................................... 52.5
Diameter of orbital ring ........ 24.4 x 25.5

Comparisons and observations: Antler.
As was mentioned by SHIKAMA (1936,
1941, 1949), the antler of the subgenus
Nipponicervus is characterized by two·
forked antler in the full-grown stage witha high position of the first forking; theouter tine of the terminal fork (secondfork) is longer than the inner one, forming
a continuation of the beam. So long as
the mode of the forking is concerned,
the subgenus Nipponicervus is closely
related to Chital (subgenus Axis) but iscertainly distinguishable from the latterby high position of the first forking. It
is also differs from the living Japanesedeer (subgenus Sika) in the mode of
forking. That is to say, the antler of theliving Japanese deer have three- or fourforked antlers in full-grown male and the
distance between the first and the second
fork rather short and the second tinearises from the front or front-outer surface of the second forking.
The new species from Akiyoshi plateau
has slender antler with high position of
the first forking, long distance between
the first and the second forking and the455

second tine arises from the front-innersurface of the second forking. Basedupon those characters, the new specimen
from Akiyoshi plateau is safely referable
to the subgenus Nipponicervus.
If we compare the type specimen of
the antler of the present new species
with that of the type and the ideotype
specimens of C. (N.) praenipponicus SHIKAMA, the following differences and similarlities are noticed. 1) In general, theantler of C. (N.) praenipponicus expands
outward and a space enclosed by theantler of opposite sides is more or lessV-shaped in frontal view, but in C. (N.)
akiyoshiensis, it forms an elliptical form,
2) The height of the first fork of C. (N.)
akiyoshiensis is within the extent of variation of C. (N.) praenipponicus, but theantler of the first fork is larger in theformer than in the latter, 3) In C. (N.)
akiyoshiensis, the beam stretches from thebase without any peculiar curvature, and
4) C. (N.) akiyoshiensis, furthermore,differs from C. (N.) praenipponicus inhaving rather rugose and small first tine.
Recently IMAlZUMI (1970) gave a description of a very interesting deer fromthe Tsushima Islands, under the name ofC. (Sika) pulchellus IMAlZUMI, based on
two male and one female specimen.
The features of the antler of C. (N.)
akiyoshiensis somewhat resembles but
differs from C. (5.) pulchellus in the following charcters. In C. (5.) pulchellus,
the adult male has a three-forked antler
and their beam above the first forking
much lyrated backward as seen in manyother Japanese deer, but C. (N.) akiyoshiensis has a nearly straight, two-forked,
antler. Other species referable to subgenus Sika in Northeast Asia are distinguishable from the present species inthe same respects.
C. (Rusa) kyushuel1sis OTSUKA from theupper part of the Oya Formation of theHiroyuki Orsu KA

456
,

I
,

'\

I

""
,

Text-fig. 3. Skulls of different species of the genus Cervus from the Japanese Islands.
Frontal (a) and lateral (b) views and the transverse outline of their maxilla and nasal
bones (c). 1. Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis OTSUKA n. sp. from the Akiyoshi plateau,2, C. (Sika) pulchellus from the Tsushima Islands (NSM13693), 3. C. (Sika) nippon yezoensis
from Hokkaido (NSM4981), 4. C. (Sika) nippon nippon from Kyushu (NSM2769), 5. C. (Sika)
nippon yakushimae from Yaku-shima, Kyushu (NSM2801), 6. C. (Sika) nippon centralis from
Minamishinano-mura, Shimo-ina-gun, Nagano Prefecture (NSM16145), 7. C. (Sika) nippon
centralis from same locality as NSM14145 (NSM16144). (Na: nasal bone, L: lacrimal bone,PMx: premaxilla, Mx: maxilla, Fr: frontal bone, Ma: malar bone, T: squamous temporalbone, P: parietal bone, zt: zygomatic process of temporal bone, zm: zygomatic process ofmalar bone, tm: temporal process of malar bone, st: supra orbital process of temporal
bone)

671.

Nipponicervus from the Akiyoshi Plateau

Kuchinotsu Group (early Pleistocene;
middle- to upper Villafranchian) (OTSUKA,
1968) shows a little alliance to the present
new species in the general form of theantler but is distinguishable from thepresent new species in having a strong
first tine and a lower position of thefirst forking.
Skull. As far as the feature of themalar bone of the skull is concerned, thetype specimen of the present new species
more resembles C. (5.) pulchellus than C.
(N.) praenipponicus and other livingJapanese deer, in having a very narrow, very
delicate construction and in having amuch constricted part near the front of
the orbital ring (Text-fig. 3, figs. 3 and
5-7).
The skull of young female specimen of
Cervus was reported from the Upper
Kuzuu Formation (Upper Pleistocene)
under the name of C. (N.) praenipponicus
SHIKAMA (SHIKAMA, 1946, PI. 9, fig. 1,
Reg. No. 61644). As long as this specimen is concerned, the skull of C. (N.)
praenipponicus SHIKAMA has broad, lessconstricted malar bone and its feature
more resembles C. (5.) nippon centralis
KISHIDA than the present new species.
The frontal aspect of the nasal boneof the present new species differs muchfrom other living Japanese deer but issomewhat allied to C. (5.) pulchellus inhaving broad, less prolonged form with arather deep notch at the anterior end.
Furthermore, rather squarish outline of
the nasal bone of the present new species
suggests the existence of slight alliancewith C. (5.) pulchellus or C. (5.) nippon
nippon.
Concluding remarks.'

On the basis of
the foregoing descriptions and considerations, the following statements are madeas a conclusion.
C. (N.) akiyoshiensis, the final or advanced species of the subgenus Nipponi-

457

cerVllS, may be closely related to C. (5.)
pulchellus by blood and the latter species
may have been derived from C. (5.) nippon

TEMMINCK as a result of cross breeding
between C. (5.) nippon and C. (N.)
akiyoshiensis. The age of these crossbreeding may be latest Pleistocene or
early Holocene.
References
HASEGA\\'A, Y. (1972):
The NAU~IA:\::\:'S
elephant, Palaeoloxodon naumanni (MAKIY A:VIA) from the Late Pleistocene off
Shakagahana, Shodoshima Is., in Seto
Inland Sea, Japan. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus.,vol. 1;;, no. 3, p. 514-;;91, pIs. 1-22.
I".1AIZCMI, Y. (1970): Description of a new
species of Cervus from the TsushimaIslands, Japan, with a revision of thesubgenus Sika based on clinal analysis.
Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., vol. 13, no. 2, p.
180-194.
KURODA, N. (1938):
A list of Japanese
Mammals. P. 4-7.
KREZOI, von M. (19 In): Praokkupierte Namen
im Saugetierssystem. Fijldj. Kozl., vol.
71, no. 7-12, p. 349-3;;0.
MIURA, H. (1969) On a process of the development of the marginal Polje in Okuakiyoshi-dai (in Japanese).
Cull. Fac.
Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., vol. 18, seL I, p.
1-14.
OTSUKA, H. (1966): Pleistocene vertebrate
fauna of the Kuchinotsu Group of West
Kyushu. Pt. 1. A new species of Cervus(Rusa). Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Univ.,
seL D, Geol., vol. 17, no. 3, p. 252-269,
pIs. 27-28.
- - & SIIIKA~IA, T. (1976): Studies on fossil
deer of the Takao Collection (Pleistocene
deer fauna in the Seto Inland Sea, WestJapan-Part I). Bull. Nat. Sci. !VIus., seL
C (Ceol. & Paleont.), vol. 2, no. 4(in press).
SHIKA~IA, T. (1936): Deperetia, a new subgenus of Cervus, with a new species fromthe Pleistocene of Japan. Proc. Imp.
Acad. Tokyo, vol. '12, no. 1, p. 19~21.
- - (1941): Fossil deer from Japan. Jub.

Hiroyuki OTSUKA

458

Pub. Comm. Prof. Yabe's 60th Birthday,vol. 2, p. 1125-1170, pI. 52.
- - (1949): The Kuzuil ossuaries. A geo·
logical and paleontological study of thelimestone fissure deposits in Kuzuil,
Tochigi Prefecture. Sci. Rep. Tohoku
Imp. Univ., ser. 2, (Ceol.), no. 23, p.8-1113, pIs. 7-9.
- - (1963): On some Chukoutien mammals
from Isa, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat. Univ, ser. 2, no.
9, p. 51-58, pI. 2.
- - & TAKAHASHI, E .. (1949): Isa Formation,
the spelean deposits in Akiyoshi·dai,
Yamaguchi-ken. Min. Ceol., vol. 3, no.
3. p. 104-106.
- - & OKAFUJI, G. (1958): Quaternary cave

Akago
Chukoutien
Chogatsubo
Isa
Kadoyano-ana
KanmonKojiki-ana

iJf<

ll!11

Ji!ij r::t

T5*

'r :1>1

fir.
Pre- /1\F9
1*1z:;jt1\1ft

and fissure deposits and their fossils in
Akiyoshi district, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat. Univ., ser. 2,
no. 7, p. 42-103, pIs. 4-15.
SCHAUB, S. (1923): Neue und wenig bekannte
Cavicornier von Seneze.
Eclog. Ceol.
Helv., vol. 18, no. 2, p. 281-295.
TAKAHASHI, E. & KAWANO, M. (1968): The
quaternary system mainly the Pleistocene
deposits of Yamaguchi Prefecture, andtheir correlation (in Japanese withEnglish abstract). Sci. Rep. Yamaguchi
Univ., vol. 19, p. 21-29.
TEPPNER, W. von. (1922): Fossilium catalogus.
I. Animalia, edit. C. DIDIER,
Paris
15, Lamellibranchiata tertiaria" Anisomyaria ", no. II, p. 65-296.

Kuchinotsu
KuzuilMine
Mukoyama
Oya
Shimoryo
Taishodo

r::t

1%

/

il:
1:

~

;pm

itlJ

JlJ

*- ~
r ~.!i:*- JE il"l

ESK: Abbrevation for the Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima
Uuiversity.

Explanation of Plate 49
Fig. 1. Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis OTSUKA, n. sp ....... p. 452.
Frontal (a, e), lateral (d, c) and occulsal(b) views (Fig. la (x 0.25), Figs. Ib and Id(xO.45), Fig. lc (xO.3) and Fig. Ie (xO.45)J.

OTSU KA :Nipponicervus from the Akiyoshi Plateau

Plate 49

459
PROCEEDINGS OF THE P ALAEONTOLOG ICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

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2. CapuJid borings in Cryptopecten vesicu·
losus from the Moeshima shell bed ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. A. MATSUKU~IA
3. On some interesting bivalves from theCretaceous Himenoura Group in Kyushu...................... M. TASI-lIRO (f<;810-1. Further notes on the Vascoceratidsfrom Hokkaido ....•..... T. MATSlJ1vIOTO
5. Continuation of Cyanophyceae and otheralgae in limestone from the Kitakami
Mountain Range ............ C. OKAMURA
6. 7:::~tJ:flfLi'fr~=*jJf;:y]~ 13 tE~ 2 ~~.
Onitsukaia iili ................... .INi;j¥f7. JlJIDjIjl,~i±&:It!?O).~l';i'frill:M4m1l:fv,:, -::Jl'....
................................ M*;J;fO~
8. J1fil¥~~f;:'f.*HJfijJf7.K~f4{I:::fiv.:. -::Jl 'L ....
......................•.. : ...... P:§JIffif~~
9. R:JmlJffm~:It!?.lg1ZO)*;i'frill:M4m1l:fv':'-::Jl'L ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. p:§J: ='J=

10. On the Nyssa leaves from the Miocene
Kobe Group, Western Honshu, Japan ..
.............................. T. TANAI
11. i~tvjlllIDRI':' J: G Liquidambar ~{1:::fi~0):P}~W............................ #m;Jt~*

SYSTEMATIC INDEX(New Series No. 97-No. 104, excluding No. 100 Supplement)

PALAEOZOOLOGY
Protozoa
Page
Aw, P. C., lSI-III, Ken-ichi and OKIMURA, Yuji: On Palaeofusulina-Colaniella fauna fromthe Upper Permian of Kelantan, Malaysia............................................
KOBAYASHI, Fumio: Palaeofusulina-Reichelina fauna contained in the pebbles of intraformational conglomerate distributed in the Okutama district, West Tokyo..........

407
220

Coelenterata
OMURA, Akio: Thorium and protactinium isotopes in some present-day hermatypic corals.
and their implications to dating. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . ... .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . ..
Y AMAGIWA, Nobuo: Two Carboniferous corals discovered from Mitsuza wa, southeasternpart of the Kwanto Massif ..........................................................

271
442

Bryozoa
SAKAGA:VII, Sumio: On the Permian Bryozoa from the northern part of Sainbeyli, Central
Turkey ..............................................................................

398

Mollusca
IWASAKI, Yasuhide: On two fossil molluscan species from the Eocene of the Bonin
Islands .............................................................................. 143
MATSU~IOTO, Tatsuro: Ammonitology in Japan-A Historical Review ..................
1- - - - and KU\\-ANO, Tadashi: A Find of Pseudocalycoceras from Hokkaido............
7- - - - and NODA, Masayuki: Notes on Inoceramus labiatus (Cretaceous Bivalvia) from
Hokkaido ......................................... _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 188- - - - and TASHIRO, Masayuki: A record of Mortoniceras (Cretaceous ammonite) from
Goshonoura Island, Kyushu ........ _.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. ... 230
MURATA, Masayumi and BANDO, Yuji: Discovery of Late Permian Araxoceras from the
Toyoma Formation in the Kitakami Massif, Northeast Japan ........................
22
OHTA, Yoshihisa: Two new Non-marine Species of Bivalvia from the Lower Cretaceousof Southwest Japan ..................................................................
95
TANABE, Kazushige: Functional morphology of Otoscaphites puerculus (JIi"lBO), an Upper
Cretaceous ammonite ................................................................ 109
YANG, Seong-Young: On a new non-marine pelecypod genus from the Upper Mesozoic
Gyeongsang Group of Korea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177
On the non-marine molluscan fauna from the Upper Mesozoic Myogog Formation, Korea ...................... _.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. 317

460

Systematic Index

461

HITAKA, Minoru: Pliocene Mizuhopecten from the Hiji Formation of the Oita Group,
Oita Prefecture, Japan424
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and HIRAKO, Hiromichi: Colour patterns in some Cretaceous ammonites
334
NODA, Masayuki: A brief note on Ancyloceras from the Haidateyama formation, Kyushu 418
.0

00

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00

0

0

00

00

0

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0

0

00

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00

00

00

0

0

00

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0

00

0

0

00

00

00

0

00

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00

00

00

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00

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00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

0

0

0

0

Annelida
HATAI, Kotora and NODA, Hiroshi: An armored worm from the Miocene Yokooo Formation, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

0209

Arthropoda
Hu, Chung-Hung: Ontogenies of Two Species of Silicified Trilobites from Middle Ordovician, Virginia____ : Ontogenies of three species of silicified Middle Ordovician trilobites from
Virginia
0

00

00

00

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32
247

Conodontochordata
WATA:-IABE, Kozo:
Central Japan

Mississippian conodonts from the Omi Limestone, Niigata Prefecture,00000•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

0••••••••••••

00.

0••••••

00

••

00..

••

•••

156

VertebrataOTSUKA, Hiroyuki: Late Pleistocene Nipponicervus (Cervid, Mammal) from the Akiyoshi
Plateau, West Japan ........................................ 0.......................

448

PALAEOBOTANY(Megafossils)
KIMURA, Tatsuaki: Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants newly found from the Upper
Course of the Kuzuryu River Area, Fukui Prefecture, Japan ........... 0............
- - - and SEKIDO, Shinji: Dictyozamites and some other cycadophytes from the early
Lower Cretaceous Oguchi Formation, the Itoshiro Group, Central Honshu, Japan ....
- - - andMesozoic plants from the Akaiwa Formation (Upper Neocomian),
the Itoshiro Group, Central Honshu, Japan ..................
0.0

•••

0

••

00

•••

000.0.....

(Microfossils)
KOMURA, Seiichi: Ikebea, eine neue Gattung der pennaten Bacillariaceen aus den Neogen
Japans ................ 0.•.. 0... .... .......... ............ ........ .. .. .•.. •......... ...
- - - : Sawamuraia, Katahiraia und Yoshidaia, drei neue Diatomgattungen aus dem
Neogen Japans
LI:-IG, Hsin Yi: Distribution and biostratigraphic significance of Dictyocha subarctios(silicoflagellate) in the North Pacific .......................
MATSUOKA, Kazumi and HASE, Kenji: Fossil Pediastrum from the Pleistocene Hamamatsu
Formation around Lake Hamana, Central Japan......................................
.0

••

0

•••••••••••

0.....................................................

0.0

••

0

•••

0...............

55
291
343

133
379
264
432

MISCELLANEAHA:VIADA, Takashi:

Editorial

175

462

INDEX OF FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES
Notes: Words listed are names of families, genera and species, which are either described
or illustrated in the articles in Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Societyof Japan, New Series, Nos. 97-104 excluding No. 100 supplement; words in heavy type arenames of new genera and species and other new taxa proposed.

A
Abadehella sp. ef. A. coni/ormis
413
Acanthoceras barcousi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11--~ haugi ............... . . . . . . . . . ..
11
Acropora sp .............................. 258
Adiantites sp. A ........................ 75- - - sp. B ........................ 76,357- - - sp. C .......................... 357- - - sp. D .......................... 358
Agathamminasp. . ................... pI. 43
Ancyloceras (Ancyloceras) sp. aft.
A. (A.) vandenheckii .................. 420
Apathognathus ? sp ................... pI. 15
Araxoceras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27- - - sp. (ef. A. kiangsiense) ........ 28
Araxopora araxensis .................... 402
Arctopteris sp. .......................... 74
353
Asplenium efr. dicksonianum

B
Birisia onychioides .................... 71,352c
Calycoceras alaouitense ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
Cavusgnathus sp. . ...................... 162
unicornis ......... ........ ..... 163
Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis .. 452
Cladophlebis distans .................... 354- - - - efr. pseudolobi/olia ............ 78- - - - ex gr. denticulata .......... 78,355- - - sp ........................... 355- - - williamsoni var. tenuicaulis .... 354
Codono/usiella sp. . ................... pI. 43
Colaniella media ........................ 412- - - parva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. pI. 43- - _ sp. . ......................... pI. 43- - - sp. ef. C. parva ................ 412
Coniopteris sp. efr. C. burejensis ........ 352- - - sp. efr. C. hymenophylloides .... 351
Conodont gen. et sp. indet. ............ 167
Cribrogenerina sp. . ................... pI. 43
Ctenis ................................... 304- - _ burejensis ...................... 305- - - efr. /ormosa . ................... 307
Ctenozamites sp. . ....................... 293
Cyclotrypa ogbinensis .................... 399
369
Czekanowskia sp.

D
Dictyocha fibula ...................... pI. 29- - - - - - var. aculeata ........ pI. 29- - - subarctios ...................... 265
Dictyozamites . ........................... 295- - - auriculatus .................... 295- - - cfr. cordatus .................. 359- - - ishikawaensis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299- - - reni/ormis ...................... 302- - - sp ............................. 303- - - tetoriensis .................... 302- - - yamazakii .................... 303
Dimeropyge virginiensis .................. 248
Distephanus octangulatus .............. pI. 29
Druppatractus acquilonius ............ pI. 29

E
Elatocladus . ............................. 371- - - sp. A .......................... 372- - - sp. B .......................... 372
Equisetites sp. .......................... 68- - - sp. (stem) .................... 351
sp. (tubers) .................... 351
Eucalycoceras dentonense ................ 11
Eucyrtidium matuyamai .............. pI. 29

F
Fistulipora sp. ef.· F .. monticulosa ........ 400

Index of Families, Genera and Species

463

G

L

Gaudryceras sp. aff. G. varagurense .... pI. 1
Ginkgoidium nathorsti .................. 366? sp. .......................... 82
Ginkgoites .............................. 364- - - digitata ........................ 364- - - huttoni
365- - - sibirica ........................ 365- - - sp ............................. 82
Gleichenites aff. porsildi .............. 70,351
Globivalvulina sp. . ................... pI. 43
Gnathodus bilineatus .................... 163- - - efr. bilineatus .................. 163- - - commutatus .................... 164- - - nodosus ........................ 164

Leptostrobus sp. . ....................... 370
Lithostrotion (Siphonodendron)mitsuzawensis ........................ 444
Lonchodina ? sp ...................... pI. 15
Lunucammina sp. . ................... pI. 43

H
Hindeodella sakagamii .................. 165- - - - segaformis ...................... 164
Hindeodus alatoides ....... ............... 165

I
Ikebea .................................. 134- - - amphistriata .................. 135- - - aifurcata ...................... 136- - - clavata ........................ 138- - - coronata ...................... 137- - - robusta ........................ 136
Illaenus valvulus .. , ..................... 256
Inoceramus labiatus ................ 197,203- - - teraokai . ..................... pI. 18
Isodomella .............................. 95- - - matsunwtoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97- - - shiroiensis .................... pI. 9
I sotelus sp. ............................. 39

J
75

Jacutopteris sp.

K
Katahiraia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 384- - - aspera ........................ 385- - - oblonga ..... ................... 386- - - pauperata . ..................... 387- - - sp ............................. 388
Koreanaia ............................. , 320- . - - - cheongi ....................... , 321

M
Magniraterella sp ....................... 165
Mesocena ef. elliptica ................ pI. 29
Mesotaphraspis acris .................... 251
Meotolima .............................. 151
Mizuhopecten tokyoensis
hokurikuensis . ......................... 428
M ortoniceras ............................ 231- - - (Mortoniceras) sp.
aff. JI,I. (M.) rostratum ................ 232
Myopholas carinatus . ................... 101

N
Nagdongia . . , ........................... 178- - - l e e i ............................ 324- - - soni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 180
Neoendothyra sp. . ...................... 414
Neoprioniodus loxus .................... 166- - - seitulus ................•....... 166" Neritina" sp. . ........................ 153
Nilssonia . ........... , ................... 307- - - efr. orientalis ................ 80,363- - - kotoi .......................... 360- - - lobatidentata . ............... 307,361
nipponensis .................... 361
sp. efr. N. nipponensis.......... 80
Nipponicervus .......................... 452
Nodosaria sp. ef. N. radicula ............ 415

oOnychiopsis elongata .................. 77,359
Osmundopsis ? sp. ...................... 69
Otoscaphites puerculus .................. 110
Otozamites endoi ........................ 294- - - - pseudoanglica ................ 294
Ozakiphyllum ? sp. indet. .............. 445
Ozarchodina compressa .................. 165- - - subaequalis .................... 166

p
Palaeofusulina nana .................... 221- - - sp ............................. 411

Nos. 97rvl04 (1973 rv 1977)

464- - - sp. aff. P. bella ................ 409
Paratexanites (Parabevahites)
serratomarginatus . ..................... 377
Pediastrum araneosum vaL rugulosum .. 435- - - boryanum ...................... 437- - - - duplex vaL coharens ............ 436
437- - - simplex- - - - - - - - vaL duodenarium ...... 437- - - - - - - - var. inllatum ........ 438
Pityophyllum lindstroemi ................ 372- - - - sp ............................. 85
Podozamites angustifolius . ............... 370- - - ex gr. lanceolatus .............. 371- - - reinii . ....................... 82,371- - - sp. efr. P. eichwaldii .......... 84
Polypora tubulosa . ....................... 403
Protexanites (Anatexanites)
fukazawai ............................ 336- - - (Protexanites)
bontanti shimizui . ..................... 335
Pseudobatostomella decora .............. 401
Pseudocalycoceras. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8- - - eguituriense .................... 11- - - harpax ........................
8- - - morpheus ...................... 10- - - - sp. aff. P. dentonense ........ 11, 13
Pseudotorellia sp ..................... 81,369
Puzosia sp. aff. P. intermedia
pl. 1
orientaleR
Raphaelia sp. A ........................ 358- - - sp. B .......................... 358
Reichelina efr. tenuissima .............. 227- - - cribroseptata . ................... 225_ _ _ sp. . ......................... pI. 43
Remopleurides caelatus .................. 33s
166
Spathognathodus campbelli- - - minutus ........................ 167
Sawamuraia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 380- - - biseriata ...................... 382- - - multibullata .................. 383- - - qlladriseriata .................. 383
Sphenobaiera ? sp. ...................... 81
Sphenopteris goepperti .................. 355- - - kochibeana .................. 79,357
Spondylus (Meotolima) ogasawaranus .... 151
Stajfella sp. . ........................... 288
Stylatractus universus ................ pI. 29

T
Tetoria . ................................. 363- - - endoi
363
pI. 43Tetrataxis sp.
Tuberitina sp.
pI. 43yYokoia .................................. 211- - - kattoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 214
Y oshidaia .............................. 389- - - constricta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 390? densiCGstata ................ 392- - - divergens ...................... 389- - - loculata . ....................... 391? pllpurifera .................. 393- - - sp ............................. 395

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series
No. 89rv~J o. 104
1973-1977

P alaeontological Society of Japan
Jan. 20, 1977

The heading in' Japanese commemorates the handwriting of Prof. Matajiro
YOKOY AMA, father

of Japanese palaeontology, who was a professor of stratigraphy
and palaeontology at the Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo.

Fossil on the cover is the six leaves in a whorl of Trizygia oblongifolia (GERM. &KAULF.) ASAMA from the Maiya Formation (Parafusulina zone), Maiya, N. E. Japan.

CONTENTS

Number 97 (Published April 30, 1975)
Transactions
Page

ArticlePlate

Presidential Address
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro: Ammonitology in Japan-A Historical
Review ........................................................ 1-6
643.

MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and KUWANO, Tadashi:

644.

MURATA, Masafumi and BANDO, Yuji:

A Find of Pseudo-

calycoceras from Hokkaido ......................................

7-21

1

Discovery of Late Permian

Araxoceras from the Toyoma Formation in the Kitakami Massif,
Northeast Japan ................................................ 22-21
645. Hu, Chung-Hung: Ontogenies of Two Species of Silicified Trilobites from Middle Ordovician. Virginia .......................... 32-47
Proceedings ............................................ 48-49

2-4

Number 98 (Published June 30, 1975)
Transactions
646.

KIMURA, Tatsuaki: Middle-late Early Cretaceous Plants newly
found from the Upper Course of the Kuzuryu River Area, Fukui
Prefecture, Japan .............................................. 55-93
647. OHTA, Yoshihisa: Two new Non-marine Species of Bivalvia fromthe Lower Cretaceous of Southwest Japan ...................... 95-104
Proceedings ............................................ 94

5-8
9Number 99 (Published September 20, 1975)
Transactions
648. TANABE,
649.

Kazushige:

Functional morphology of Otoscaphites

puerculus (JIMBO), an Upper Cretaceous ammonite .............. 109-132 10-11
KOMURA, Seiichi: Ikebea, eine neue Gattung der pennaten Bacillariaceen aus den N eogen Japans ................................ 133-142

12

ii

650. IWASAKI, Yasuhide: On two fossil molluscan species from the
Eocene of the Bonin Islands .................................... 143-155
13651. WATANABE, Kozo: Mississippian conodonts from the Omi Limestone, Niigata Prefecture, Central Japan ........................ 156-171 14-15
Number 100 (Published December 25, 1975)

652.
653.
654.
655.

656.

Transactions
Editorial ........................................................ 175
YANG, Seong-Young: On a new non·marine pelecypod genus
from the Upper Mesozoic Gyeongsang Group of Korea .......... 177-187 16-17
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and NODA, Masayuki: Notes on Inoceramus
labiatus (Cretaceous Bivalvia) from Hokkaido .................... 188-208
18
HATAI, Kotora and NODA, Hiroshi: An armored worm from the
Miocene Yoko-o Formation, Nagano Prefecture, Japan .......... 209-219 19-22
KOBAYASHI, Fumio: Palaeofusulina.Reichelina fauna contained in
the pebbles of intraformational conglomerate distributed in the
Okutama district, West Tokyo .................................. 220-229 23-24
MATSUMOTO, Ta tsuro and TASHIRO, Masa yuki: A record of
Mortoniceras (Cretaceous ammonite) from Goshonoura Island,
Kyushu ........................................................ 230-238
25
Proceedings ............................................ 239
List of Contributors (New Series Nos. 1-100) .......... 242-244
Number 101 (Published April 30, 1976)
Transactions

657. Hu, Chung-Hung: Ontogenies of three species of silicified Middle
Ordovician trilobites from Virginia .............................. 247-263 26-28
658. LING, Hsin Yi: Distribution and biostratigraphic significance ofDictyocha subarctios (silicoflagellate) in the North Pacific ........ 264-270
29
659. OMURA, Akio: Thorium and protactinium isotopes in som presentday hermatypic corals, and their implications to dating ........ 271-290
660. KIMURA, Tatsuaki and SEKIDO, Shinji: Dictyozamites and someother cycadophytes from the early Lower Cretaceous Oguchi Formation, the Itoshiro Group, Central Honshu, Japan .............. 291-312 30-32
Proceedings ............................................ 313-314

iii

Number 102 (Published July 15, 1976)
Transactions

661.
662.

YANG, Seong-Young: On the non-marine molluscan fauna fromthe Upper Mesozoic Myogog Formation, Korea ................ 317-333 33-34
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and HIRANO, Hiromichi:

Colour patterns

in some Cretaceous ammonites .................................. 334-342

35

Number 103 (Published October 15, 1976)
Transactions

663.

KIMURA, Tatsuaki and SEKIDO, Shinji: Mesozoic plants from the

Akaiwa Formation (Upper Neocomian), the Itoshiro Group, Central
Honshu, Japan .................................................. 343-378 36-39
664. KOMURA, Seiichi: Sawamuraia, Katahiraia und Y oshidaia, drei

665.

neue Diatomgattungen aus dem Neogen Japans ................ 379-397 40-41
SAKAGAMI, Sumio: On the Permian Bryozoa from the northernpart of Sainbeyli, Central Turkey .............................. 398-405
42Proceedings ............................................ 406
Number 104 (Published January 20, 1977)
Transactions

666. Aw, P. c.. ISHII, Ken-ichi and OKIMURA, Yuji: On PalaeofllsulinaColaniella fauna from the Upper Permian of Kelantan, Malaysia................................................................ 407-417
43667. NODA, Masayuki: A brief note on Ancyloceras from the Haidateyam a formation, Kyushu ........................................ 418-423
44668. HIT AKA, Minoru: Pliocene Mizuhopecten from the Hiji Formationof the Oita Group, Oita Prefecture, Japan ...................... 424-431
45669. MATSUOKA, Kazumi and HASE, Kenji: Fossil Pediastrum from the
Pleistocene Hamamatsu Formation around Lake Hamana, Central
Japan .......................................................... 432-441 46-47
670. Y AMAGIW A. N obuo: Two Carboniferous corals discovered from
Mitsuzawa, southeastern part of the Kwanto Massif ............ 442-447
48671. OTSUKA. Hiroyuki:
Late Pleistocene Nippon icerv liS (Cervid,
Mammal) from the Akiyoshi Plateau, West Japan .............. 448-458
49
Proceedings ............................................ 459

iv

Systematic Index .............................•........ 460-461
Index of Families, Genera and Species .................. 462-464
Number 100 Supplement (Published June 28, 1976)
A Concise History of Palaeontology in Japan
Edited by MATSUMOTO, T., HAMADA, T., UJIIE, H.
and TAKAYANAGI, Y.
Engl. edit. FUSUJIMA, R.
Preface
KOBAY ASHI, Teiichi: Introduction of the History of Palaeontology in Japan....
UJIIE, Hiroshi: Palaeontology and Society of Japan.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IGo, Hisayoshi: Paleozoic Microfossils.... ............ .......... .............. ..
TAKA YANAGI, Yokichi: A Brief History of Post-Paleozoic Micropaleontology ..
KATO, Makoto: Coelenterates..................................................
SAKAGAMI, Sumio: History of Bryozoological Research ........................
YANAGIDA, Juichi: Brachiopodology in Japan-A Historical Review............
OBAT A, Ikuwo: Cephalopods ..................................................
SHUTO, Tsugio: Fossil Molluscs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
HAMADA, Takashi: Arthropoda................................................
MORISHITA, Akira: Echinodermata-History of Research ......................
KAMEl, Tadao: A Short History of Vertebrate Paleontology in Japan..........
NODA, Hiroshi: Problematic a and Trace Fossils...................... ..........
ASAMA, Kazuo: Paleozoic Plants..............................................
KIMURA, Tatsuaki: Study of Mesozoic Plants in Japan and Adjacent Regions..
T ANAl, Toshimasa: Cenozoic Plants ..........................................
TOKUNAGA, Shigemoto: Paleopalynology and its History ......................
KONISHI, Kenji: Algal Conservatism-Symbiosis between Earth Science andBiology....................................................................
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro: Concluding Remarks ..................................

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The Second ISSOL Meeting and the Fifth International Conference
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14

ANDAL, Pacita P.

Bureau of Mines, Herran St., Manila, Philippines

BARKER, Reginald Wright
BURCKLE, Lioyd

5120 Palmetto, Bellairs, Texas 77410, U. S. A.

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York10964, U.S.A.
BURTON, Cedric Keith

P.T. Kennecott, 10 Jalan Mutiara, Singapore 10, Malaysia

CHANG, Li-Sho(iJKIIift!@)

3410 Redbud Lane, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, U.S.A.

CORGAN, James X.

Department of Geography and Geology, Austin Peasy State University, Clarksville,

Tennessee, U.S.A.
DANNER, Wilbert Roosevelt

Department of Geology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, B.C.,

Canada
DEHM, Richard

Institut fur Paliiontologie und Historische Geologie, Univ. Munchen, Wagner-Strasse,

10 Munchen, Deutschland
DOWLEN, Robert John

730 Beryl St., San Diego, California 92109, U.S.A.

DURHAM, John Wyatt

Department of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,

U.S.A.
GOVEN<;:, T'

Geological Division of Mineral Research and Exploration Institute, PK-116, Ankara, Turkey

HABIB, DanielLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York1096-1, U.S.A.
HAMLIN, William Henry
HILL, John Davis

Atlantic Richfield, Box 1981, Corpus Christi, Texas 78403, U.S.A.

Geology-Geophysics Librarian, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue,

Los Angeles, Calif. 9002!, U.S.A.
HOARE, Richard D.

Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403,

U.S.A.
HONJO, Susumu(*I1~)

Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A.

HC, Chung-Hung(M,'.!.',@:)

Department of Earth Sciences, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republicof China
HUANG, Tun-Yow(J.'i!i!iJco:)

Taiwan Petrol. Expl. Div., Chinese Petrol. Corpor., 46 Chung Cheng Road,

Miaoli, Taiwan, China
INGAVAT, Rucha

Department of Mineral Resources, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand

JOHNSON, J. Harlan
JORDAN, Reiner

103 Trinity Circle, St. Francis Village, Crawley, Texas 76036, U.S.A.

Niedersachisches Landesant fur Bodenforschung, 3 Hannover-Buchholoz Alfred-Bentz-

Haus, W. Germany
KAHLER, Franz

Klagenfurt, Tarvisere Strasse 28, Austria

KAPOOR, Hari Mohan

Geological Survey of India, Lucknow, India

KAUFMANN, Godfrey F.
KILMER, Frank Hale

Dogwood Drive, R.F.D.I, Box 312, Yorktown Heights, New York, U.S.A.
Humboldt State College, Arcata, California 95521, U.S.A.

KIM, Bong Kyun(~Ir.\~)

Dept. Geol., Coli. Nat. Sci., Seul National University, Seul, Korea

KUHN-SCHNYDER, Emil

Palaontologisches Institut u. Museum der Universitat, 8006 Zurich Kunstlerg. 16,

Schweiz
LING, C. C.(ttWl~)
LING, Hsin Yi
98195, U.S.A.

Dept. Geol., ColI. Sci., National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China

Department of Oceanography, WB-10, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

15
LOEBLlCH, Alfred Richard Jr.

Department of Geology, Uuiversity of California, Los Angeles, California

90024, U.S.A.
MA, Ting Ying H.('\!H!f!R:)
McINTYRE, Andrew
York 10964, U.S.A.

Dept. Geol., Coli. Sci., National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New

MORRIS, Robert Wynn, C.

Arabian American Oil Co., Box 2576, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

NESTELL, Merlynd Keith

Battle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A.

OGAWA, Yukichi(/N"~i!f)
ORDONEZ, Elvira P.

1416, 4th Ave., Los Angeles, California 90019, U.S.A.

Petroleum Division, Bureau of Mines, Herran St., Manila, Philippines

PARIWATVORN, Patehara
45l!7 Soi Sripichai, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand
REYES, Milagros V.
31 sta, Ana St., Magallanes Village, Makati, Rizal, Philippines
RICKMEYER, J ens

D-2000 Hamburg 76, Rossberg 15, W. Germany

RIGBY, ]. Keith

Dept. Geol., Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 8'1602, U.S.A.

SADLlCK, Walter

Department of Geology, University of Houston, Houston 4, Texas, U.S.A.

SAITO, Tsunemasa(~!~'&iE)

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades,

New York 1096'1, U.S.A.
SAMANIEGO, Remedios M.

Bureau of Mines, Herran St., Manila, Philippines

SCHMIDT-EFFING, Reinhard

Escuela Centro americana de GeologIa, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apartado

35, Costa Rica.
SOARES, FerreiraMuseu e Laborat6rio Mineral6gico e Geol6gico da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra,

Portugal
STACH, Leopold William
STEWART, Lowther J.

255 Beaconsfield Parade, Middle Park, S.C. 6, Victoria, Australia
Department of Geology, Universityo f Puget Sound, Tacoma 6, Washington, U.S.A.

Geological Survey of Malaya, P.O. Box 1015, Ipoh, Malaysia
SUNTHARALINGAM, T.
SUSUKI, Takeo
Department of Geology, Universit)' of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A.
TALENT, John A.

School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113, Australia
Pan American Petroleum Corporation, Research Center, 4502 East 41st Street, P.O.
VERVILLE, George J.
Box 591, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
WIEDMANN, Jost, P.

Geologisches Institut, Tiibingen, Germany

YAGO, Reynaldo, E.

Petroleum Division, Bureau of Mines, Herran St., Manila, Philippines

YANG, Seong-Young(tM;:iJi:*,)
YIN, Ee Heng

Kyungpook National University, Department of Earth Science, Taegu, Korea

Geological Survey West Malaysia, P.O. Box 1015, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.

YOON, Sun(jt~)

Department of Geology, Busan National University, Busan, Korea

Hli1977 ~ ~~. ~~

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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japanjan. 20, 1977

New Series No. 104

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
666.

Aw, P. C., ISHII, Ken-ichi and OKIMURA, Yuji:

On Pala eofusulina-Colaniellafauna from the Upper Permian of Kelantan, Malaysia- .............. . . 407
667.

NODA, Masayuki: A brief note on Ancyloceras from the Haidateyama formation, Kyushu ............. ......... . .... ........... ... ............. 418

668.

HITAKA, Minoru: Pliocene Mizuhopecten from the Hiji Formation of the
Oita Group, Oita Prefecture, japan .................................... 424

669. MATSUOKA, Kazumi and HASE, Kenji: Fossil Pediastrum from the Pleistocene Hamamatsu Formation around Lake Hamana, Central japan . . .. 432
670. YAMAGIWA, Nobuo: Two Carboniferous corals discovered from Mitsuzawa,
southeastern part of the Kwanto Massif .. ..... ........ ........ ..... .. 442
671.

OTSUKA, Hiroyuki: Late Pleistocene Nipponicervus (Cervid, Mammal) fromthe Akiyoshi Plateau, VVest japan .............. .. ....... . ............ 448

PROCEEDINGS .......... . ......... . . .. .. ... . ......... ...... ... . .. . . . ..... . . ... 459
Systematic Index ...... . . . .. ........ . . ... . . ... . ........ . . . . .. . . ........... .. ... 460
Index of Families, Genera and Species.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 462