NEW GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORSSCOPEThai Forest Bulletin (Botany) (TFB) publishes papers on plant taxonomy, nomenclature,phylogeny, systematics, plant geography, and ﬂoristics, and in morphology, palynology,
cytotaxonomy, chemotaxonomy, anatomy and other relevant disciplines. Submissions
should have relevance to Thailand and adjoining countries (Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia,
Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia).
All manuscripts are peer reviewed. Manuscripts are considered on the understanding that
their contents have not been published, or will not be published, elsewhere in the same orabbreviated form.
To speed up the processing of your manuscript please follow these guidelines precisely.
Failure to do so will result in delays to publication.
SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS
Authors must submit their manuscript via the Thai Journal Online (ThaiJo) website. Please
go to www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ThaiForestBulletin/index and follow the instructions.
When a paper is written by more than one author, a corresponding author must be
nominated. The number of illustrations should be limited to the minimum essential tosupport the article. There is no charge for colour illustrations.
Once articles accepted for publication have been copyedited, proofs will be forwarded toauthors for checking and for making essential typographical corrections, but not generalrevision, alteration, or changes to illustrations. Authors will have the opportunity to review
final proofs before the article is published. TFB reserves the right to maintain a consistentstyle.
When the Journal is printed, each author will receive three copies of the journal.
FORMAT & LAYOUT
General All text is double spaced and aligned to the left but not justiﬁed.
 Page numbers must be added to manuscripts (e.g., from the ‘Insert’ menu in MS Word).
Footers are in 10 pt Times New Roman.
 All other text is in 12 pt Times New Roman.
 Do not use contractions such as didn’t/don’t etc.
 Do not embed illustrations within the text. All the text should run in a single continuous
section, followed by a page break, followed by figure captions, followed by a page
break, and finally a page for each illustration. For the revised submission, you must
submit your illustrations separately from your article.
 Italics are used for the following: plant names at genus level and below (e.g., sect.
Rotundi, Cyperus rotundus); collector names and numbers in specimen citations (e.g.,
Kerr 12345); genes and gene regions (e.g., rbcL, matK, trnL–F); sensu lato (s.l.), sensu
stricto (s.s.) and et al. Do not italicise any other words, phrases or abbreviations.
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Bold is used for the following: headings (e.g., INTRODUCTION) and subheadings;
accepted names at the start of a species description (e.g., Dioscorea inopinata Prain &Burkill); abbreviations to indicate a new genus (gen. nov.), new species (sp. nov.), newsubspecies (subsp. nov.), new variety (var. nov.), new name (nom. nov.), new combination(comb. nov.), a change in rank (stat. nov.), a new combination at a different rank (comb.
et stat. nov.), a new synonym (syn. nov.); nomenclatural terms such as nom. illeg.,nom. inval.; herbarium codes (e.g., BK, BKF, L!, L?) but the codes should not be inbold in the text when not associated with specimen citation, for example in the
Acknowledgements. Do not put any other words, phrases or abbreviations in bold.
Numbers one to nine are written out in full unless in a measurement or in a taxonomic
description (e.g., four samples, 2 cm, 35 sites, 6 km). Use 0.12 instead of .12; use %instead of percent. Insert a comma to indicate thousands in numbers from 1,000 andabove e.g., 1,125,984 not 1125984.
No full stops a re a dded after common contractions (e.g., As s t, Dr, ed s , Mr, Mrs,
Mt, ca), nor after points of the compass (N, S, NE etc.), nor after abbreviations forunits of measurement (e.g., mm, cm, ft, km). Include full stops after other abbreviations(e.g., ed., ﬂ., fr., Prof.).
Use subsp., var. and f. for subspecies, variety and form respectively.
Months are formatted as follows: Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept.,
Oct., Nov., Dec.
Give the year in full, for example 1991 not /91.
Use en-rule hyphens (available through insert advanced symbol in MS Word, orUnicode U+2013, or Alt+0150, or option+hyphen on a Mac) in measurements andranges e.g., 1–3 mm, 2–3 years, Jan.–Mar.
Use the multiplication symbol × (available through insert advanced symbol in MS
Word, Unicode: U+00D7, or Alt+0215) in measurements, e.g. 5–10 × 2–5, and innames of hybrids.
Tables are submitted on separate pages, as are captions for illustrations.
Herbarium acronyms (e.g., BKF, KKU, TCD), follow Index Herbariorum(http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/).
Authors are cited on ﬁrst mention of plant names at genus level and below in the bodyof the manuscript. In the title and abstract, authorities of names are usually not included.
Citations of plant name authors follow the International Plant Names Index (IPNI)
standards (http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do).
Generic names are written out in full when they start a sentence.

Headings
 Headings are in bold type, capitalised and centred.
 Subheadings are in bold type but not in capital letters or centred.
 The hierarchy of headings and subheadings should be sensible and consistent. Bulleted
lists should not be used.
Keys Keys are indented. Couplets are always numbered and taxon names are in boldand not italicised.
Synonyms
 Homotypic synonyms are listed in chronological order after the accepted name,followed by separate paragraphs of heterotypic synonyms, also with their respective
homotypic synonyms in chronological order.
 New synonyms are clearly marked as ‘syn. nov.’
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Types Type specimens must be cited for each name, wherever possible.
 Do not use abbreviations for type citations such as “holo.” and “iso.” The herbaria in which the type (e.g., holotype, lectotype, neotype, epitype or
syntypes) is deposited is cited when known.
 Herbaria that are deﬁnitely known to hold isotype material are listed.
 If applicable, lectotypes, isolectotypes, neotypes or epitypes that are being designatedare indicated clearly as such (e.g., ‘designated here’), or if they have been chosenpreviously a reference is given: e.g., Papua, Boridi, Carr 12345 (lectotype K!,
designated by Bloggs [1977]; isolectotypes BR!, L!). Note that an exclamation mark(!) is used to indicate that the author has seen the specimen concerned.
 If applicable, the reasons why new lectotypes, neotypes and epitypes have been
selected and the reasons for selecting a particular specimen should be explained.
 If applicable, type specimens are seen and are cited for new combinations.
Citation of specimens
 For new taxa, all material seen is to be cited.
 Only those label data that add signiﬁcant information to localising the collection or ﬁeld
knowledge are to be cited.
 Label data are normally translated into English, but data for types can be left in
the original language.
 It may be unwise to give precise localities for rare and horticulturally interesting taxa;
this should be considered when citing label data in such cases and can be indicated bystating “precise localities have been omitted for threatened/horticultural taxa deemed atrisk of over collecting or illegal harvesting” or similar.
 If appropriate, the number of collections examined is stated.
 Specimens examined from Thailand are to be cited in the following format, using emdash hyphens (available through the insert advanced symbol option in MS Word, orUnicode U+0214):
Thailand.― FLORISTIC REGION: Province [locality, date, collector + collection
number (Herbarium code)]. For example: Thailand.― NORTHERN: Chiang Mai[30 km W of Chiang Mai, 8 Nov. 1958, Sorensen et al. 6072 (C); Doi Suthep, 19
Aug. 1912, Kerr 2622 (BM, K)]; NORTH-EASTERN: Loei [Phu Kradung, near
Park HQ, 2 Sept. 2001, Bloggs et al. 2063 (BKF!, L!)]; Khon Kaen [near Chumphae,
31 Oct. 1993, Bloggs & Smith 102 (BKF!)]. When there are several collections fromany one province, list them alphabetically by locality, then collector. An ‘ibid.’ may
be used if more than one collection is from the same locality.
 Cite all specimens seen from outside Thailand in the following format:
Country.― Province or State [locality, date, collector + collection number(Herbarium code)]. For example: Myanmar.— Mergui [Yangwa Khlong, 1 Mar.
1927, Parker 2733 (holotype K!); Yangwa Khlong, 1 Mar. 1927, Parker 2736 (K!)].
 If two collectors are given for the collection to be cited, then include both: Pooma &Utteridge. If three or more collectors are given, please use the ﬁrst, e.g., Pooma, Suddee& Utteridge will be cited as: Pooma et al., except when citing the type for the descriptionof a new species, which should include all collector names.
 Citation for herbarium specimens when the barcode is known should be as in thefollowing example: (isotype GH [001044323!], BKF, K). In some cases, the barcode
will include letters, such as the herbarium acronym, as an integral part of the barcode,e.g. K [K001044323!].
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In cases of long-standing confusion, there may be a case for citing all specimens seen, but,
if so, please reduce details to a minimum (collector, collection number and herbarium
where the specimen is located).
Either an exclamation mark (!) in bold is used to show that a specimen has been seen, or
it is stated in the introduction that “All cited specimens have been seen by the author”.
Note that exclamation marks are always required for type specimens.
Where authors have examined images of herbarium specimens online, please indicatethat a digital image was seen by using ‘photo seen’, for example: isotype Kerr 7777 (P[P0178565] photo seen).
Spellings of place names follow those given by the US Board on Geographic Names(http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/), wherever possible. Provinces, Districts, andSubdistricts should follow the Office of the Royal Society(http://www.royin.go.th/?page_id=633). However, the original place names should be
retained in type specimen citation.
Vernacular names should follow Pooma & Suddee (eds). (2014). Tem Smitinand’s Thai
Plant Names, Revised Edition. When the name is not in this book, transcriptions should
follow the Office of the Royal Society (Royal Academy) of Thailand recommendations
listed on pages 3–6 of Tem Smitinand’s Thai Plant Names book.
Elevation is cited in metres to the nearest 50 m. Altitudes in feet on labels are converted to
the nearest 50 m with the original label altitude given in square brackets. Type specimens
should cite the elevation as given on the label and not converted.
Latitude and longitude (in this order) are cited for obscure localities.

Format and layout of accounts of new taxa
New taxa accounts are laid out as in the MS Word document, see
http://www.dnp.go.th/botany/PDF/TFB/TFBnewtaxon.pdf. Note the positions of indents
and use of spaces, bold and italics.
 A short diagnosis in Latin or English compares the new taxon with one or more related
taxa. No more than three author names should be cited after the plant name.
 The full description is in English.
 Types of new species are cited in abbreviated form after the diagnoses and repeated in fullwith the cited specimens.
 Wherever possible, conservation ratings are given using the criteria in IUCN (2012).
IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second Edition. IUCN Species
Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK(https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/categories-and-criteria).
Format and layout of accounts of taxa in revisions
Taxon accounts in revisions are laid out as in the MS Word document below. Notethe positions of indents and use of spaces, bold and italics.
 Conservation ratings are given wherever possible.
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Data All DNA sequences must be deposited in one of the international nucleotide sequence
databases, either EMBL (www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/) or GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)
and the appropriate reference given in the paper.
 For phylogenetic analyses all appropriate supporting statistical data and measurements
are provided.

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Voucher specimens documenting sources of morphological and molecular data are listed
and the herbaria in which they are deposited is cited.

PAPERS SHOULD BE STRUCTURED AS FOLLOWS:(i) Title
 The wording should be concise but informative and, where appropriate, should include
the family or higher taxon and a geographical area.
(ii) Authors
 Authors’ names are placed below the title.
 Addresses are placed in a footer on page 1; email addresses should be included whereavailable.
 Authors’ names and addresses are linked by a superscript number, e.g., J.M. Lock 1. Note,using Insert Footnote in MS Word will automatically number and format such footers.
(iii) Abstract
 Placed below the Authors.
 The heading ‘ABSTRACT’ is in capital letters and is on a line above the following text.
 The Abstract should not exceed 200 words and indicates what the research set out toachieve, how it was carried out and the degree to which the objectives were reached. It
should include the names (but usually not the authorities) of all new taxa described andnew combinations unless the number is very large. The methods and main conclusions
should also be summarised.
(iv) Key words
 Placed below the Abstract.
 The heading ‘KEYWORDS:’ is in capital letters on the same line as the text.
 Up to seven keywords are provided, in alphabetical order, and they should not be
copied exactly from the title – using a slightly different set of key words will allow
indexing and abstracting services to search for the alternative terms.
(v) Contents
For longer papers only, a list of contents placed below the abstract should be provided.
For extensive taxonomic revisions an index to epithets at the end of the paper
is provided.

(vi) Introduction
Contains a clear outline of the rationale for the work and describes essential backgroundinformation.

(vii) Main text of paper
Presents the main research ﬁndings. With some papers – especially phylogenetic,statistical or anatomical ones – it may be appropriate to include sections describing‘Materials and Methods’, ‘Results’ and ‘Discussion’, with each in capitals, in bold, andon the line above the following text. The Materials and Methods section should provide
concise and sufﬁcient information to allow the work to be repeated. The Results
section should be concise and avoid repetition of data presented in tables and figures.
The Discussion section should highlight the signiﬁcance of the results and place themin the context of other work.

5(viii) Acknowledgements
These are to be kept brief but may include sources such as websites and databases etc.
which have been used but are not given in the References. The full title of any institutewhich has an accepted Index Herbariorum acronym is not given.

(ix) References
Abbreviated literature references cited in the text have the following formats dependingon the context: Bloggs (1962), Bloggs (1962: 234). Where multiple references are
together they should be listed in chronological order: (Bloggs, 1962; Another, 1976).
 Please do not use the following abbreviations: loc. cit. [same work, same volume, samepage]; tom. cit. [same work, same volume, different page]; op. cit. [same work; different
volume; different page].
 Full literature references are cited in various example formats as follows:
Dransﬁeld, J. (1989). Voanioala (Arecoideae: Cocoeae: Butiinae), a new palm genus
from Madagascar. Kew Bulletin 44: 191–198.
Li, H. (1979). Arisaema. In: C.Y. Wu & H. Li (eds), Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae
13(2): 116–194. (in Chinese).
Gentry, A.H. (1986). Endemism in tropical versus temperate plant communities. In:
M.E. Soulé (ed.), Conservation Biology - The science of scarcity and diversity, pp.
153–181. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Prance, G.T. (1989). Chrysobalanaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 9 (Supplement).
The New York Botanical Garden, New York, 267 pp.
Thiers, B. (2015, continuously updated). Index Herbariorum: a global directory of publicherbaria and associated staff. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. Available
at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/.
Uhl, N.W. & Dransﬁeld, J. (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classiﬁcation of palms based on
the work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas for The L.H. Bailey
Hortorium and the International Palm Society, Lawrence, Kansas, 610 pp.
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Page numbers are separated by an en-rule (i.e., 1–2).
Part numbers of volumes are not included unless the parts are separately paginated.
Genus and species are italicised in references, whether or not they were in italics inthe original reference.
Journal and book titles are cited in full and not italicised.

ILLUSTRATIONS
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All taxa newly described in the manuscript should be accompanied by a good qualityline drawing or photograph.
Information on voucher specimens used for the illustration is to be provided in thecaption. Authorities are given for taxon names in captions.
The TFB printed area is 210 x 147 mm (including the caption).
Line drawings and maps in Indian ink are drawn on smooth white card or plastic ﬁlm,
one-third larger than they are to appear. Figures are clearly labelled. Lettering and scalebars are clearly indicated (but can also be added electronically at BKF after the originalis scanned). When lettering ﬁgures, “I” and “O” are not used.
Photographs (‘Plates’) for continuous tone reproduction are of the highest quality.
They show good tonal range and are absolutely sharp. They are either at the ﬁnal sizeor slightly larger. Two copies of each are required, if submitted as hardcopy; good
photocopies will then sufﬁce for the review process, but transparencies or sharp prints
are needed for reproduction. In composite plates the individual photographs will be
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butted together unless that would create confusion, in which case a white space will beinterposed. Composite plates can also be made up electronically at BKF, but a clear
mock-up must be provided.
Please compress ﬁgures in MS Word for emailing, etc. The originals are to be sent to the
production ofﬁce when the paper is accepted for publication.
Line drawings and photographs may be submitted electronically in the following
formats. Line drawings: 1200 dpi TIFF ﬁles; photographs: 300 dpi TIFF ﬁles.
Submission on CD, DVD or by using online services is preferred. Please contact Dr
Rachun Pooma if you wish to submit as an email attachment.
Line drawings and plates are numbered in one sequence as ﬁgures (Fig. 1, etc.); maps
are numbered separately (Map 1, etc.). Scale lines are given on the illustration(preferred for plates) or ﬁnal (reduced) magniﬁcations given in the caption (preferred
for line drawings). Full or part-page illustrations are acceptable. Captions are brought
together on a separate sheet.
All illustrations and parts of composite artwork are referred to in the text.
The person responsible for the illustrations (photographer or artist) is mentioned
in the ﬁgure caption.
January 20197