15GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF SANITATION AND PERSONAL HYGIENE IN
HARYANA: A CASE STUDY OF JIND DISTRICT, HARYANA
Manjit1 and Rakesh2Assistant Professor, 2Research Scholar
Department of Geography CRS University, Jind, Haryana, India
Email: mkbharat3955@gmail.com
1

How to cite this paper:

ManjitandRakesh(2023)
GeographicalAnalysis of Sanitation andPersonal
HygieneinHaryana: A Case Study ofJind
District,
Haryana,
Journal of Global Resources,
Vol. 09 (02)DOI:
10.46587/JGR.2023.v09i02.015

Received: 17 May 2023
Reviewed: 15 June 2023
Final Accepted: 28 June 2023

Abstract: Having the quality of sanitation makes man asocial animal. Clean habitat, clean living habits save manfrom various diseases. Sanitation is the main part of theculture in India. Mahatma Gandhi has been given special
importance on sanitation. At present, the Prime Minister ofIndia has given a special intention to the Ganga cleaning
campaign and swachh Bharat mission. Many programs arerun for the sanitation of India. Many campaigns have been
started in Haryana for the purpose of sanitation and to makethe Swachh Bharat mission successful. In this study an
attempt has been made to know the importance of sanitationand the status of sanitation in the context of Jind district.
Through this research, the sanitation related habits of thepeople of rural areas of Jind have been ascertained, and it
represented through simple tables. In this research, primarydata has been collected and information has been takenfrom each respondent by simple random sampling. By thehelp of this data status of sanitation and personal hygiene ofJind district has been shown.
Key words: Swachh Bharat Mission, Hygiene, Sanitation

118Introduction
Sanitation is very important for a healthy life. It is as important in our life as air, water and food.
We all should adopt it as a habit in our life, because if we want to achieve the goal of our life,
then we must keep ourselves and our surroundings clean. With this we will be able toconcentrate on our work and we will not get sick either. We should make everyone aware about
Sanitation. Many decisions have been taken by the Government of India for cleanliness, themain one being the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Cleanliness holds a very important place in allreligions, it is believed that by keeping our surroundings clean, we stay close to God. Alongwith keeping ourselves and our house clean, we should also keep our country clean. Singhand Kumra (1991) investigated the effects of the Ganges Action Plan (GAP), and study theriver water quality in Varanasi. Pathak (1991) studied the socio-cultural practices of local
people and pollution of the Gomati River during the summer, winter, and monsoon seasons.
In another study, Hammad (1992) assessed raw sewage water quality in the city of Varanasi.
Laxmiah (1994) studied chemical and biological structure of drinking water. Akhtar et al.( 2005)
study on the detrimental effects of water pollution on human health in the Greater Faisalabad
area of Pakistan. He found that the water pollution problem was worsening at a frightening
rate. Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate
treatment to and disposal of human excreta and sewage. A sanitation system includes thecapture, storage, transport, treatment, and disposal or reuse of human excreta andwastewater. The world health organization defines the “sanitation generally refers to theprovision of facilities and service for the safe disposal of human urine and faces.” The word
sanitation of hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection and wastewaterdisposal. Mahatma Gandhi said "Sanitation is more important than independence". He madecleanliness and sanitation an integral part of the Gandhian way of living. He said, “I will not letanyone walk through my mind with their dirty feet.”Research ProblemIndia is a developing country. At present, many social issues can be seen in India. Sanitation
problem is a very serious problem. Many rivers in India have also started looking like dustbins.
Mountains of garbage can be seen around all the metropolitan cities. The ever-increasing useof plastic has acted as a hindrance in India's cleanliness campaign. In modern times, manyefforts have been made by the Government of India for the cleanliness campaign, but still there
are many problems, which create obstacles in this campaign. There have been many reforms
in the education of India, yet today there is a lack of awareness in the matter of sanitation ofthe people. Many habits are lacking in rural people of study area, such as washing hands
before eating, washing hands after eating, brushing daily, bathing, throwing garbage in thedustbin, etc. Due to all these types of problems, the sanitation situation at present is tragic.
Objectives
1. To evaluate the sterilization and individual cleanliness awareness in Jind district.
2. To evaluate the changing way of life of people in Jind district regarding Sanitation andpersonal hygiene.
Methodology
To understand the Sanitation and personal hygiene in Jind district of Haryana. A primary
survey has been conducted to obtain information regarding personal hygiene and Sanitation.
For primary survey a schedule has been prepared, which have question like education status,
caste, religion, occupation, Urban rural status, food habit, habit of hand wash before and aftermeal, use of sanitizer and soap, bathing habit, toothbrush habit, use of mask when go outside,
sewage system condition, toilet facilities, Status of house cleanness etc. Stratified random119

sampling has been used for collected the data, the data has been collected from total 720
respondent of 25 villages of Jind district Haryana. After the data collection it has arranged intable form in MS Word and explained. Study area map has been prepared with the help of Arc
GIS desktop.
Study Area
The district Jind is located in Haryana between 29°03' and 29°51' North latitude and 75°53'
and 76°47' East longitude. The area of Jind district is 2702 square kilometers. The climate ofJind district can be classified as tropical and semi-arid, which is mainly dry with very hot insummer and cool in winter, except in the monsoon season when sea moist air is present on
the district enters. The average rainfall in the district is 55 CM, it generally increases fromSouth or south- west to east or Northeast. More than 70 percent of the annual rainfall isreceived during July to September. On 11 July 1953, Jind recorded 225.5 mm of heavy rainfall
in 24 Hours. There is no meteorological observatory in Jind. The temperature rises sharply
from the beginning of march to June which is the hottest month. The temperature during Juneis 41°c and the minimum is around 27°c The relative humidity is high during the monsoon
season, from July to September. April and may are the driest month of the year. Jind district isgeographically situated on the North Central part of Haryana. Spread from North West to South
East direction. It is a part of the Punjab- Haryana plain, which is largely flat and featureless,alluvial deposits the Pleistocene and Indo-Genetic systems.

Source: Prepared with the help of Arc. GIS120

The soil of Jind district is sandy and loam to loam. These soils are divided into sandy, Kalar,
Rehi and Sirozum soils. Festival and fairs reflect the cultural heritage and give a glimpse into
the life of people. He shows religious, social and cultural aspects and some of them glorify thechange of seasons.
ResultIn Jind district, 93.47 percent people have adopted the habit of hand wash after come fromoutside. On the other hand, 6.53 percent people have not been washed their hands whencome from outside. Among the people who wash their hands 74.39 percent people wash theirhands regularly, 23.04 percent people wash their hands usually and there are 2.68 percent
people who are adopting the habit of washing hands occasionally. Today in this epidemic ofCorona, all these figures are not very satisfying. The people of Jind district need to improvetheir habit.
Table 01: Status of Hand Wash (from out Side) habit in Jind District#Handwash
Percentage
1
Yes
93.47
2
No
6.53
3
Source: Based on Field Survey by Author#123

Frequency
Regular
Usual
Occasionally

Percentage
74.39
23.03
2.68

Table 02: Use Chemical for Hand washes by population of Jind District
Use of Item for Hand washPercent
Sanitizer
18.45Soap
43.39
Normal Water
38.15

Source: Based on Field Survey by Author

In this study we try to know which type of items are used by people for wash their hands
in Jind district. Table number 02 is explained that 18.45 percent people of Jind district use
Sanitizer. 43.39 percent people use soap, while 38.15 percent people wash their hands withnormal water. The item used by people to wash their hands also show their economiccondition.
#1
2
3

Table 03: Bathing Habit of People of Jind District
Bathing Habit
Percent
Frequency
Yes
98.06
MorningNo
1.94
EveningBothPercent
66.71
13.75
19.54

Source: Based on Field Survey by Author

The bathing habit of the people of Jind district is very good. As per the table above,
98.06 percent of the population of Jind district takes bath every day. Only 1.94 percent of thepopulation is such that they do not take bath every day. Among the population who take bathevery day 66.71 percent take bath in the morning, as most of the people are engaged in job
and their personal work.
#1
2
3

Use of Mask
YesNo

Table 04: Use of Mask by People
Percent
Frequency
88.47
Every time
11.53
UsualoccasionallySource: Based on Field Survey by Author

121

Percent
47.72
47.25
5.03

According to the given data, 88.47 percent of the respondents of Jind district used amask while going out of the house, from these respondents 47.72 percent people use mask
every time and 47.25 percent people usually use mask, only 5.03 percent people use mask
occasionally. But due to corona epidemic it is very necessary to use mask. Still 11.53 percent
respondent in Jind district does not use mask. This may be due to lack of education and lackof awareness among the people. Using a mask is the cheapest and easiest way to stop thecorona epidemic. Therefore, efforts should be made to expedite the use of masks in Jinddistrict. It is a helpful step in stopping this epidemic.
Table 05: Cover Mouth and Nose with Mask by People
Cover Mouth and Nose with Mask
Percent#12YesNo84
16Source: Based on Field Survey by Author

According to the table number 5 data, 84 percent of the respondents in Jind district arethose who cover their mouth and nose properly with a mask. 16 percent of the respondent
does not wear mask properly. Talking to those who do not wear masks properly, we come toknow about many reasons. Many people do not like to wear masks, while some people do notwear masks due to some other disease
Table 06: Status of habit of Tooth Brush in Jind District
Habit of Toothbrush
Percent
Frequency#123YesNo

87.36
12.64

Everyday
Usual
OccasionallyPercent
86.26
11.44
2.40

Source: Based on Field Survey by Author

The data given in the table number 6 shows the respondents of Jind district, who brushfor personal hygiene. Along with this, there are also some respondents who do not brush theirteethes. 87.36 percent of the respondents take care of their teeth and brush, while 12.64
percent of the respondent does not take care of their teeth. 86.26 percent of respondent isdoing toothbrush every day and 11.44 percent of people usually clean their teeth. 2.40 percentof people clean their teeth occasionally.
#12

Table 07: Toilet Status of Jind District
Facility of Toilet
Percent
Yes
99.58
No0.42

Source: Based on Field Survey by Author

Through the above data we get to know about the toilet status of Jind district. According
to Survey, 99.58 percent of the households in Jind district have toilets. 0.42 percent of thehouses do not have toilet facilities. In India, under the 'Swatch Bharat Mission', more emphasis
has been laid on toilet construction. This has been successful in reducing the habit of people
going to open defecation. Along with this, diseases have also come down to a great extent. If
we talk about Jind district, in the last several years, a lot of emphasis has been laid onsanitation.

122

#1
2
3
4

Table 08: Condition of House Cleanness in Jind district
House Condition
House is properly cleanHouse is cleanHouse is poor clean
Dirty

Percent
50.55
40.41
8.75
0.27

Source: Based on Field Survey by Author

If we evaluate the condition of Sanitation in the houses of Jind district, we will find that50.55 percent of the houses come under the category of ‘house is properly clean.’ 40.41
percent house of Jind district comes under the category of ‘house is clean.’ Apart from this,8.75 percent of the houses are included in the category of ‘house is poor clean.’ Very few
houses are included in the ‘dirty’ category, the percentage of which is 0.27. If we look at thesystem of Sanitation in the houses, then we come to know that, less care is taken of Sanitationin the houses of people associated with agriculture sector and animal husbandry. Women
mainly do the work of cleaning the houses. The condition of Sanitation in Jind district is notvery good, but there has been a lot of improvement as compared to earlier. Even today there
is a need to make people aware, how we can keep our homes and surroundings clean.
#1
2
3
4

Table 09: Condition of Sewage System Jind District
Condition of Sewage System
Sewage system is work excellent
Sewage system is work wellSewage system is work satisfactory
Sewage system is disturbing

Percent
42.77
36.94
17.36
2.91

Source: Based on Field Survey by Author

According to the above data we evaluate the sewerage system status of Jind district.
According to the Survey, 42.77 percent of the sewages are categorized as ‘Sewage system iswork excellent.’ 36.94 percent of the sewage is included in the category of Sewage system iswork well. 17.36 percent sewerages are such, which are included in the ‘Sewage system iswork satisfactory.’ 2.91 percent of the sewerages, which are included in the category of‘sewage system is disturbed.’ In conclusion we said that the sewage system of Jind district is
not good. It needs improvement to a great extent.
Conclusion
This logical exploration we become more acquainted with how close to home cleanliness andecological disinfection is in Jind region. This examination shows the degree of instruction in
Jind locale and how substantially less taught individuals care about natural disinfection andtheir very own sanitation. A large portion of the sewerage framework in the town of Jind locale
is acceptable and working appropriately. On the off chance that the sewerage functions
admirably, there will be no danger of spreading illnesses since, supposing that the sewerage
is in working condition then, at that point water will not stall out and foulness will not spreadbecause of stagnation of water and infections spread by water will not be powerful and useful.
The sewerage arrangement of the spaces is in poor and flimsy condition, that is the reason it
regularly gets overwhelmed there and because of water logging, individuals need to confront
outrageous bother and hardships while going through there. We have come to know from thisexploration that the sterilization of the houses is observed to be ordinary in Jind area asindividuals in the town live in joint families and the quantity of individuals in joint families ismore. Assuming the work is more, no exceptional consideration is paid towards sterilization.
From this123

References
1. Akhtar (2005) Impact of Water Pollution on Health in Faisalabad City (Pakistan), Journalof Agriculture and Social Science, Vol.1, pp. 43-44.
2. Ananthakrishnan, et.al. (2012) Study on ground water quality and its suitability or drinking
purpose in Alathur block-Perambalur district, Tamilnadu, Archives of Applied ScienceResearch, Vol.4, pp. 1332-1338.
3. Dhanalakshmi Dash, (2005) Women Environment and Health, Mandeep Publications,Jaipur.
4. Hammad, S.M. (1992) Pollution Abatement of Ganga at Varanasi, Journal of Indian
Association of Environmental Management, Vol.19, pp. 32-34.
5. Kothari, C.R. (2007) Research Methodology - Methods and Technique, New Age
International Pvt .Ltd, New Delhi.
6. Laxmiah, C.H., et.al., (1994) Nutrient Status and Biological Characteristics of Nacharam
Lake, Pollution Research, Vol. I, pp. 253-258.
7. Madan (2000) Indian developing Villages, Allied Publishers Limited, New Delhi.
8. Mahindru, S.N.,( 2004) Potable Water, A.P.H., Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
9. Moorthy, D.B.N. (2004) Environmental Awareness and Protection, A basic book on
Environmental Studies, Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi.
10. Pathak, Bindeshwar and Indira Chakravarty,(2019) Sanitation and Health: A Movement
Visualizing Ghandhi’s Dream, The Indian Journal of Medical Research 149, no.
11. Prakash, A. ( 2014) The Periurban Water Security Problem: A Case Study of Hyderabad
in Southern India, Water Policy, Vol. 16, pp. 454-469.
12. Singh, A.L. and Khan, N.,( 2006) Household Burden of Water and Sanitation AssociatedDiseases in Aligarh City, Punjab Geographer, Vol. I, pp. 5-16
13. Singh, J. and V.K. Kumra (1991) Ganga Action Plan and River Water Quality: A Case ofVaranasi in Isamu, OTA (ed). Environmental Change and GIS, Proceeding of INSEG 91,
Vol. I, pp. 415-426.
14. WHO, (2009) Milestones in Health Promotion, Statement from Global Conference, 2009.
15. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sanitation
16. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sanitation
17. https://www.unicef.org/wash/sanitation
18. https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-263B-6116
19. https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/cleanliness-sanitation-gandhian-movement-swachhbharat-abhiyan.html
20. https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Gandhian-philosophy
percent3A-Mahatma-Gandhi
percent26
percent2339
percent3Bs-ideas-on-cleanlinesspercent2C-goodhabits&id=400345
21. https://www.gandhiashramsevagram.org/gandhi-on-villages/chapter-05-village
sanitation.php
22. https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/

124