Japan Wood Brand

Excellent Japanese Wood Products and Technology
for Your Better Life

Cover photo: Mie Prefecture Kumano Kodo Center (Owase City)

INTRODUCTION
As regards Japan's forest resources, many of the artiﬁcial forests of Sugi, Hinoki, or Karamatsu(Japanese Larch) planted from the 1950s are now ready for logging.
Interest in export of Japanese lumber to foreign countries rises as the use of eco-friendly wood forcontributing to global warming prevention, promotion of forest maintenance and revitalization of theregions has been reviewed, and also growing industrial policy of our national forestry has beenpromoted.
Worldwide, wood supply from other countries plays a very important role to compensate for the
supply-demand gap for those who cannot supply to meet their domestic demand only by thedomestic resources, where wood demand has greatly increased with rapid economic development.
Under such circumstances, in recent years, the amount of lumber production from abundantartiﬁcial forest resources has increased in Japan, which can not only meet the increasing need ofdomestic use but also be enough to export to other countries to satisfy their individual needs forlumber.
In the future, in order to further expand wood export from Japan, it will become crucial for Japan
to introduce wood products with high added value by processing Japan's excellent wood with ouradvanced processing technologies.
This brochure, published with the support of the Forestry Agency, introduces wood products withexcellent performance.
It also provides detailed information of the principal tree species in Japan, with the hope that it
will be of use widely for everyone who deals with Japanese wood products abroad.
October, 2017
Japan Wood-Products Export Association
Japan, having a temperate and humid climate with four distinctive seasons, has an abundance oflush vegetation.
But then, heavy rainfall and typhoons and lightning storms often result in frequent natural
disasters, not to mention countless earthquakes. For this reason, nature though being familiar, hadbeen a subject of awe for the Japanese. Therefore, the climate where forests and big trees were
worshipped as sacred was shaped, and "tree culture" or “wood culture” in which people coexist withand utilize nature has nurtured.
In Japan, lumber has been continuously utilized from the old times to the present for buildings,
houses or daily necessities while there are lots of natural disasters, etc.
For this account, wood products with unique functions, such as durability and ﬁre resistance thatcan withstand natural disasters and ﬁres, had developed.
In Japan, forest resources, mainly being the artiﬁcial forests, are reaching their mature stage, andthe majority of them are ready for logging. By cutting down mature plantations, and reforestation,
we can maintain healthy forests. To maintain this cycle, it is necessary to make eﬀective use of the
cut lumber.
For this reason, it is important to expand the demand for lumber, and as one measure, we
encourage export of Japanese wood, in particular wood products with high added value.
In Japan, there are plenty of wood products with high performance of advanced processing
technology including lumber with performance such as durability and ﬁre resistance, ﬂooringmaterial corresponding to ondol, yakisugi referring to Japanese traditional cedar, and colored lumber,
etc.
This brochure introduces Japan's wood products of high performance by advanced processing
technology to spread them wide globally. Furthermore, objective data, applications, eﬀects, and otherinformation supporting the quality performance are also provided.
It would be our pleasure if this brochure can give you a chance to learn about Japan's lumber
products of high performance created by advanced processing technology and to utilize them wide
globally.
October, 2017
Forestry Agency, MAFF

contents
Japan Wood Products

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Representative Wood in Japan

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REFERENCES ・
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Japan Wood ProductsHigh Quality
High PerformanceHigh Technology

High
Endurance

New Heat Treatment Technology Improves
Durability and Dimensional Stability

StableDimension

Ecology・
Safty

Cost
Performance

High-Temperature Steam Treated Wood
The heat treatment technology, which
improves durability and dimensional stability
by heating wood, was developed in Finland,a country of forests and water. Applying the
Finnish technology in Japan, we have
improved it to a new heat treatment
technology calledto
produce higher quality wood. Using only
"heat" and "water" but no preservatives at all
as a precondition, we have successfully
developed the technology that makes themost of the performance of wood, while
maintaining its natural colors. Born in thisway,
is an innovativeand environmentally-conscious material
made out of wood, of which quality is
maximized.
The University of Tokyo Yayoi Auditorium Annex

Production Regardless ofOrigins of Wood Lowers the Cost
The technology of Thermo-Wood permits high durability
and dimensional stability, no matter where the origins of
the wood are nor what species they are. By using local
materials, more optimized products to the climate of eachregion can be produced at a lower cost.

Ecological Wood That Can Be Recycled
Thermo-Wood is a safe product that does not use any
preservatives at all, which is equivalent to solid wood.
Therefore, it can be recycled, reuse or utilization as fuel,after using it.

J.S.T. Mfg. Co., Ltd.
Shape Change Due to
Low Temperature HeatingLinear expansion (%)

High Durability
Since Thermo-Wood has low water absorbency in spite ofits low moisture content, it has high antiseptic
performance and is very strong against fungi that can
decay wood. Therefore, it is ideal for outdoor use.

ak
O

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Bi

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As

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Cy an
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es e
s

Ja

Pi
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Th

er

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oW
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d

Thermo-Wood, which is created by the high-temperaturewood drying technology, has outstanding dimensional
stability. It is suitable for use on visible areas such asexterior walls and fences. It is economical, as it requires
merely the minimum maintenance, which means fewer
running costs than that for untreated wood.

e

Outstanding Dimensional Stability

1

The ﬁrst measurement of the width of the test pieces was made after the
pre-conditioning. The second measurement was done after the test pieces
were humidiﬁed for 72 hours in a tub kept at the environment of 30 ℃ and 95% RH. Thermo-Wood (pine) has linear expansion of about one ﬁfth to a quarteras compared with untreated dried-wood.
Hiroshima Prefectural Eastern Industrial Technology Center (E.I.T. No.11)

High
Endurance

Exterior Material That Can Withstand Severe
Weather Conditions

StableDimension

Ecology・
Safty

Various
Appli

Advanced Preservation Treatment with Resins for Wood
Wood decks have become familiar in suchareas as housing, public facilities, largecommercial facilities, and so on. Their cost
performance, however, has been an issue, as
repair and exchange cycles are short due toaging such as decay, termite damage, warps,
and cracks. The major cause for these is thatthe treatment for enhancing the durability was
only eﬀective for the surface of the materials.
Through persist research to develop wooddecks with uniform performance of highdurability all the way to the inside, they put a
product named
into practicalapplications, owing to the joint project of the
Kyoto University Wood Research Institute anda manufacturer. The advanced preservation
technology with resins can inﬁltrate a special
resin that observes the strict regulations into
not only the surface but also the inside ofwood with a specialized autoclave. Extreme
durability and safety are actualized with the
new technology, unlike conventional wooddecks.

Stairway of an elementary school which
is applied. Its moderate softness
reduces the impact and prevents accidents when children jump or fall down.

Secured Treatment against Decay and Termites, treated with the advanced preservation technology with resins, cansuppress proliferation of decay fungi. The technology changes materials to what
termites do not prefer so that insect damage hardly occurs. As the materials arelaminated after veneers are treated with the resin all over to the inside, it has
uniform quality no matter where you cut it, and preservative treatment on thesection surfaces is unnecessary.

Strong against Sunshine and Rain,
Various Applications as Outdoor Landscape Materials
The special resin treatment adds the water absorption suppression
eﬀect. With extremely-smalldimensional changes and fewer warping andcracking, it is highly durable that can cope with severe outdoor weather.
can be used for various exterior purposes including outdoor
wood decks, boardwalks, ﬂooring, waterfront, poolside, benches,playground equipment, pergolas, guide boards, and garden furniture.

Wood decks in a complex building

Benches ofand partly Koshii Super
Thermo at the Kincho Stadium in Osaka

Untreated wood

11 years after
being left
in the soil

11 years after
being left
in the soil

Experiments in the Soilfound no noticeable degradation or damage caused bydecay fungi, termites, and others after being left in the soil for 11
years, unlike its untreated counterparts. The experiments have
proven that, inﬁltrated with the special resin all the way to
the wood core, can maintain high durability even when buried in thesoil for a long period of time.

2

Experiment Period: For 11 years from 1994 to 2005
Photos: KOSHII & CO., LTD.

High
Endurance

Improved Durability and Dimensional Stability

StableDimension

Ecology・
Safty

Various
Appli

Nitrogen Heat Treated Wood
The nitrogen heat treatment (S-Techtreatment) technology is attracting interest
among those technologies which heat anddry wood to improve its performance. It
decomposes perishable components ofwood with nitrogen heating above 200
degrees Celsius. This stabilizes the shape ofthe materials and reduces their weight. The
durability has dramatically improved
compared with the conventional wood. It
boasts a durability record exceeding 20 years
even in applications for promenades.

High Antiseptic and Insecticidal
Performance Achieved
without Chemicals

Ebisu Gardenplace Tokyo

The S-Tech treatment executes sterilization and insecticide
along with the drying process. The eﬀect is sustained for a longtime to keep nutrients and moisture at a low level (3% to 7% of
equilibrium moisture content) that fungi and termites cannot
approach. There is no danger of harmful substances toevaporate, as it is non-chemical preservation with no use ofhighly toxic chemicals at all.

Excellent in Water Resistance,
Dimensional Stability, and Quick Drying
The S-Tech treatment reduces the moisture content and weight ofthe materials, as well as it changes the cellular structure of thewood to porous. This increases the insulation eﬀect and lowers
the radiant heat, making it a suitable material for exterior
applications such as wood decks, louvers, fences, outer walls, andso on. In addition, since its permeability of oil paints is about 1.5 to
2 times that of ordinary dried wood, the eﬀects of wood
protective paints can be sustained for a long time to retard fading.
Furthermore, the modiﬁcation of hemicellulose keeps moisture,
dew condensation, and the like away, resulting in few shrinkage
and warps due to moisture. It performs high dimensional stability
as well as heat retention eﬀects for heated ﬂoors.

Untreated
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Kiln-dried Heat Treated Heat Treated Heat Treated Heat TreatedWood
at 180 ℃
at 240 ℃
at 220 ℃
at 200 ℃

Steak Test
(Termite Resistance Tests)

No Resins nor Stains
The S-Tech treatment removes resins. Therefore, resins do notcome out on the surface after construction, or brown water
does not leach out to soil the surrounding after rain soak.
Observations and Results of Termite Resistance Tests(Outdoor steak test)
Date: November 2004
About 2 years passed since the start of the test (November 2002)
Location: Fukiagehama Beach, Kagoshima Prefecture(where many formosanussubterranean termites are inhabited)
Insect Damage Index= (Average insect damage level) x (Incidence rate of insect damage)Executing Agency: Nara Forest Research Institute3

Insect Damage
Index

Untreated
Treatment TemperatureVeneers Improves Durability by Pressurized Injection Technology

High
Endurance

Ecology・
Safty

Preservative and Termite-Proof Plywood for Structural Use
As environmental issues are more concerned today,the "stock-oriented" housing that people can live fora long period of time is preferred, rather than the
housing production as before that repeats knocking
down and starting again to give a large burden on
the environments. Japan has started to spreadhigh-quality long-life housing, so-called "SuperiorSuper-Long-Life Housing." The new housing policy
extends the "average life expectancy" of houses forenriched living circumstances.
It is preservative and termite-proof plywood forstructural use that is playing an important role. The
advanced preservative and anti-termite treatment on
plywood for essential structural parts including ﬂoors,
walls, and roofs prevents the building from decaying
and extends the life of the houses. Deterioration canbe suﬃciently averted by applying plywood with highdurability as the sheathing materials of exterior
walls,ground ﬂoor, and wet areas which are especially
diﬃcult to maintain. It will serve as the basis forprotecting houses with high asset value.

The preservative and anti-termite treatment allows applications for essential
structural parts.

Preservative and Anti-Termite Treatment
by Pressurized Impregnation Technology for Veneers
The pressurized injection processing performs preservative treatment on veneers before they are bonded into plywood. In
a special tank with high pressure, the preservatives are applied in the wood to penetrate deeply into the inside, not only thesurface. Its preservative and anti-termite performance is higher than the conventional treatment, which the preservatives
are mixed in the adhesive, achieving the highest eﬀect among the wood preservation processing technologies.

Conventional Treatment

Pressurized injection Treatment for Veneers

Preservation Treatment Only on the Adhesive(Preservatives are mixed in the adhesive.)

Preservative Treatment in the Entire Veneers(Preservatives penetrate into the inside of veneers.)

Mixed in the adhesive, the preservatives
penetrate only in the adhesive parts ofveneers.

Injected with pressure, the preservatives
penetrate not only on the surface but also all
over into the inside.

Durable for approximately 5 to 10 years.

Durable for approximately 30 to 50 years.
Applicable for wet areas and exterior walls.

4

EarthQ
ResistCreating Safe and Comfortable Spaces
with a Strong, Fire-Resistant Material

Fire
Resistant

Silence

Ecology・
Safty

Thick Structural Plywood
Nedanon as highly-eﬃcient
Nedanon is structural plywood with thicknesses of 24mm and
28mm, which are far thicker than those of conventional items.
Main species for this item are Japanese wood such as cedar,larch and cypress. At present, Nedanon is used as thesheathing material of the ﬂoor of most Japanese timberhouses. By using this item, the structural performance of theﬂoor and thus the building itself has tremendously improved.
Production of Nedanon was less than 1% of the national
production of plywood in 2000, but in 2016, it accounted forabout 38% (approximately 1,160,000 cubic meters).

Seismic Resistance
The seismic-resistance of Nedanon-ﬂoor is more than fourtimes higher than conventional ﬂoor which is sheathed with
12mm thick plywood. Not only for the ﬂoor, Nedanon is alsoavailable for roofs and walls, which makes the houses
extremely high seismic resistant. When you build a house, you
nail Nedanon with 75mm long nails at between 100mm and
150mm spacings. If you use more nails, for instance, at an
spacing of 50mm in two rows, you could design extremely
high quake-resistant structural subassemblies (ﬂoors, walls,
roofs). In Japan, middle and large scale timber buildings arebeing built with those structural subassemblies with highcapacities.

By using Nedanon, you can omit both horizontal braces and ﬂoor
joists, which will simplify the construction process and increase thedegree of designing freedom.

Sound Insulation and Fire ResistanceCompared with conventional ﬂoor, the sound insulation performance of
Nedanon-ﬂoor is higher and has less warps and no trouble of ﬂoor squeaks.
As Nedanon is thick, it is highly ﬁre-resistant, which allows the residents atime-rich evacuation when a ﬁre occurs. This product has obtained thecertiﬁcation for quasi-ﬁre-resistance, so, there are some advantages indesigning the ﬂoor for apartment houses.

Maximum Lord in Concentrated
load Tests of ﬂoor

Up
about
70%

Plywood
12mm thick

Guaranteed by the Government
Nedanon is a commodity which meets Japanʼs national standard JAS. And thebearing walls sheathed with Nedanon have acquired the certiﬁcation for their
shear capacities by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. In
addition to them, ﬂoors sheathed with 28mm thick Nedanon have beencertiﬁed as 45-minute quasi-ﬁre-resistant structure by the ministry.

Nedanon24mm thickDeﬂection in the Maximum Lord
(just before the crush)

Up
about
104%

RecycleNedanon, after used in houses and when the houses are demolished, becomesthe material for particle boards and others. At the end of the productsʼ life, they
are used for heat source and power generation as biomass energy.
Reference: Performance Test against Local Loading of Floor in“Nedanon Manual” by Japan Plywood Manufacturers' Association

5

Plywood
12mm thick

Nedanon24mm thickVarious
Appli

Excellent dimensional stability and wide range
of applications

Advanced
DesignStableDimension

Size Free

Veneer Lumber）
Laminated Veneer Lumber （Laminated(LVL)
LVL is laminated Veneer Lumber. To
manufacture LVL, we ﬁrst make 2-4mm thickveneer from logs by a machine called veneer
lathe and dry them, which then are layered
and glued in parallel to their ﬁber direction.
Plywood is used mainly for sheathingmaterials, whereas LVL can be used as long
components (framing materials) such as posts
and beams. In addition, the productivity ofthis item is high, because almost all parts of its
manufacturing processes can be automated.

Manufacture in Your Size
By jointing veneer sheets lengthwise, we caneasily manufacture long lumber even fromsmall-diameter logs, warped logs, and shortlogs such as thinned wood. By adjusting thenumber of laminated veneer sheets, we canmake items in any thicknesses which aresuitable for your purposes. We can also
remanufacture (cut) the products in requested
width and length.

Station Building

A Wide Variety of Uses
LVL are used in many ways from structural lumber to interior material. It can be used for timber houses (structural andnonstructural uses), industrial buildings (warehouses, gymnasiums, bridges, livestock barns), ﬁttings (doors, window
frames, blinds), cars (decks of trucks, and busses), transportation (pallets, packaging, containers), railroads (ties),
makeshift facilities (scaﬀold planks), airplanes (interior), electric parts (household appliance, insulating materials), kitchen
goods (cut boards, dishes and bowls, handles of kitchen tools), interior decoration (clocks, ornaments), stationery (writing
utensils, chisels), sporting equipment (rackets, golf goods), and musical instruments (pianos, organs, guitars) etc.

Gymnasium of an elementary school

Interior of a restaurant

Cafeteria of a university

Exhibition booth

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Interior of a hospital

Hard toBurn

Realizing large space with exposed wood structure

Size Free

Ecology・
Safty

Fire Resistant Laminated Lumber
In Japan, ﬁre resistant laminated lumber items, which are gypsum covered or hybrids of wood and steel, have beendeveloped. FR Wood® is pure wood ﬁre resistant structural lumber made of cedar only. The structural laminated wood,
which is located at the center of FR Wood®, is surrounded with wooden layers injected with ﬁre-retardant chemicals. This
product enabled us to construct ﬁre resistant timber buildings having the texture of real woody surfaces. FR Wood® cancreate a space with a warm tone of wood.
The gypsum covered type

FR Wood® (Fire Resistant Wood)

The hybrid type

Structurally designed cross section
Non-treated glulam

Steel frame

Structural timber

Fire resistant treated layers
Fire-stop layers
Lumber(extra margin for burning)

Fire-resistantgypsum covering

Non-treateddecorative wood
Fire-stop layers
are incised

Incising
PinholesMid-to-High-Rise
Wooden Buildings
Have Become Possible
Up until now, we have secured the ﬁreresistance by covering wood with
non-combustible materials such as
gypsum boards when we build wooden
ﬁre-resistant buildings. However, this
posed a dilemma, “wood is invisible
though it is wooden structure”.
To solve this problem, universities,
institutes and companies jointly
developed a new technology product “
FR Wood®”. With this technology, the ﬁrewonʼt progress inside the load
supporting parts (posts and beams),
because they are surrounded byﬁre-stop layers which are injected with
ﬁre-retardant chemicals.

With its high ﬁre-resistant performance, FR Wood® has enabled to build mid-to-high rise timberbuildings even in cities. (Using FR Wood® inside the glass walls and others)

Flexible Design Made Possible
According to the conditions, you can design the cross sections freely from small tolarge. If the required size is larger than the smallest cross section size*, any crosssectional design is available, which will meet your needs more than before.
*The smallest size is 260mm x 290mm (load supporting part: 120mm x 120mm). As for the largest size,
regulations are made according to the certiﬁcate.

Smooth Connection
To establish a ﬁre-resistant building, the connections between ﬁre-resistant ﬂoor,
walls and ceilings are the key. As FR Wood® is a pure wooden component, joint
parts and connecting parts can easily be assembled, which allows theconstruction the same as the one with conventional wood working.

7

As FR Wood® is pure wood, connection
is smooth.

Unique
Architect

Twig Piece Embedding Technology Brings
about a Beauty in Appearance

Cost
Performance

Ecology・
Safty

High
Endurance

Flooring Applicable to Floor Heating
We have succeeded in materializing a ﬂooring material, made of high quality solid cypress, applicable to hot-water ﬂoor
heating (Korean ʻondolʼ system). We have worked on improving this product and achieved a linear shrinkage of 0.3 0.5mm (in average). This material can be used long time without degradation.

We can oﬀer a stable supply of large amount of ﬂooringmaterials which are applicable to ﬂoor heating, because
we have materialized a huge production capacity bymaking good use of knotty cypress which had not beenused as the material for interior ﬁnishing before. With
our original technology, cypress twig pieces areembedded in the knots holes without space. So, thisitem can be used comfortably in the best condition
keeping the beautiful ﬁgure of the fancy wood.
When the temperature of the water is set at 60 degrees
centigrade, the temperature of the ﬂoor surface will be
30-34 degrees, which are comfortable for you. The
moisture control function of solid wood is especiallyeﬀective in damp rooms such as kitchens, undressing
rooms, washrooms and bathrooms as well as in livingrooms, childʼs rooms and corridors.

Flooring Material
Hinoki Butai

Our ﬂooring material, ʻHinoki Butaiʼ is popular in Korea by the name of “HINOKI ONDOL FLOORING” and used in many
public facilities and houses.

8

Making a Comfortable Indoor Environment by Purifying the Air

Health＆Relax

Advanced
DesignEcology・
Safty

Cedar Cut End Lumber with Slits“Cedar cut end lumber with slits” is a product cut
with slits (grooves) at intervals based on scientiﬁcdata. By putting in the slits, the surface area of cut
end is increased, and the design characteristics
are improved. The product is processed by
cutting horizontally across the tubular structureof the wood, and because the surface of the cut
end is exposed, the puriﬁcation and the humidity
control functions that are originally found in
cedar are brought out to their maximum.
After the construction is completed, the fragranceof cedar is wafting in the air, and a refreshingfeeling as if walking in a forest can be felt.
*The interval of the slits and the utilized surface area are
manufactured based on data from experiments of the
Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries,
Osaka Prefecture.

Taking in Impurities andDischarging Volatile Components

Waiting room at a station

Compared to other tree species, cedar wood is known for its absorption ofharmful gases such as nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde in the air. This function
was further improved with “cedar cut end lumber with slits”. By exposing more of
the cut end surface, the ability to absorb the harmful gases and to discharge
volatile components is heightened. In the indoor space where the harmful
substances are absorbed, the brain and body are vitalized, so the product plays alarge role in the health of the mind and body. In addition, the volatile components
discharged by the cedar wood have an eﬀect of raising the immunity of a person,
so the functionality concerning health also becomes extremely high.

Nursing room

Kidsʼroom

Puriﬁcation Capacityof Cedar Cut End Lumber
with Slits on Nitrogen Dioxide

It has been learned that compared to general lumber, the “cedar cut end lumber withslits” has a high humidity control function that keeps the humidity constant inside aroom. Due to this function, the proliferation of microorganisms such as fungi, mites,
and viruses is prevented, and a comfortable indoor environment can be created.
Relationship between Relative
Relative humidity when “cedar cut end lumber
Humidity and Microorganisms proliferation with slits” is utilized in room (ceiling and walls)

Concentration of
Nitrogen Dioxide (ppb)

Making a Comfortable Indoor Spaceby Humidity Control Function

About78%
decreaseof Concentrationof nitrogendioxideRelative humidity (%)
No utilization
Utilizationof cut end panel of cut end panel
Comfortable levelfor human body

Puriﬁcation Capacityof Cedar Cut End Lumber
with Slits on Formaldehyde

Virus proliferation

Mite proliferation

Source: prepared from a study concerning “Interrelation of Relative Humidity andMicroorganisms”of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) and “Humidity Control Eﬀect of Slit Cedar Lumber Constructed in
Preserved Space”inSoothing the Mind and Body
According to the results of a study concerning the eﬀects on a person of a living
space, which utilized cedar wood, the space was found to be physiologicallyrelaxing in comparison with an inorganic white painted room. This eﬀect was
found to be large especially in a room that utilized “cedar cut end lumber withslits” compared to general cedar boards (vertical grained lumber).

9

Concentrationof Formaldehyde

Fungi proliferation

About 50%
decreaseof Concentrationof formaldehyde

No utilization
Utilizationof cut end panel of cut end panel
Source: Summary of the Presentation of the
Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture
and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture in Fiscal 2009
(Environmental Field)

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Nowadays, natural wood ﬁnishing materials have been widespread through architectural designs and renovations forwalls and ceilings. Some people believe that wood, as a natural material, is eﬀective in mental relaxation as well as
bringing out designs into outstanding and gorgeous spaces. Moreover, due to the improvement of wood processing
technology, wood can be more than just wood. Wood is now a material that can be made creative, produced functionaland formed ﬂexible, fulﬁlling vital elements of architectural design for our better life.

Seoul Art Center1-Brazilian Koa

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10

SanFoot® is a real wood veneer
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Traditional Wall Material
with Functionality and Beauty

TraditionalHigh
Endurance

Fire
Resistant

Advanced
DesignBurnt Cedar Boards
Burnt cedar boards of which surfaces are burned andcarbonized are Japanese traditional siding materials. Formerly,
those walls were seen in houses of various statuses fromsamurai and aristocracy to commoners. And at present, they
are still alive. They have become popular even outside Japan,
because of their weather-resistance and durability, the unique
blackish color, and the architectural design.
To improve the durability, we usually coat wood or inject itwith chemicals, but burnt cedar boards are just burnt on thesurface. As the surface is carbonized and protected, they arepreservative even without coating, and their insect-resistanceis high. They require no maintenance for a long time.
With the air layers, the weight of burnt cedar boards is light,
which reduces the dead loads on the building frame, andimproves the thermal insulation performance and theﬁre-resistance performance of the building. This item is amaterial for exterior walls with functionality and beauty.
According to the manufacturing techniques, there are various
types of burnt cedar boards.
Charcoal Type

Wood-grain TypeThe texture of charcoal is beautiful. You canuse it as exterior walls without maintenancefor a long time.

Finished so that the blackish late wood stands
out.

Polished TypePolished with a brush or cloths, the board isﬁnished glossy.

Burnt cedar boards are ﬁnished by brushing on the surface with special tools. Scrubbed on its soft parts, which grew inspring and summer, and left the hard parts, which grew in autumn and winter, the grain three-dimensionally stands out,
with the carbonized black parts risen in a streaky pattern and the white parts sunken.

11Advanced Design and Various Applications
with Latest Painting Technology

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Various
Appli

Advanced
DesignHigh
Endurance

Fire
Resistant

Colored Solid “Yakisugi (Charred Cedar)”By processing cedar wood with a traditional
technique and applying vivid colors while making
the most of the natural grain, the product called “Colored Solid Yakisugi UROCO” is made. A
producing region of cedar is the Tenryu Forest along
the Tenryu River system that maintains an abundantlevel of water. Because the pattern of the woodgrain in winter looks very much like the squama ofTenryu (Heaven Dragon), the name “UROCO” waschosen. “UROCO” is made by charring andcarbonizing the surface of a cedar board to make “yakisugi”, which improves the ﬁre resistance anddurability, and the latest paint technology is applied.
Also by polishing the surface, the parts other than
the rigid winter wood grains are shaved oﬀ, so theroughness of the annual rings is beautifully revealed.

Can be made one board
at a time sparing no time and eﬀort

General
cedar
board

The boards to be processed are taken from the four boards sawed from the most outer part ofTenryu cedar trees that are 60 to 120 years old. Because many logs with an old age and a large
diameter can be attained due to the nature of the land in Tenryu, high quality, boards can beused for UROCO. In addition, the quality of the color and wood grain depends not on
machines but on the assessment of the craftsmen one board at a time. All the work including
the processing and painting stages of the work is conducted manually.

Various Applications and Unlimited Possibilities Depending
on Ingenuity
UROCO is a product ﬁnished with high quality and advanced design, and with cedar wood, it
has designability and ﬂexibility. Also because it has a large color variation, the possible
applications are endless ranging from small wooden items to the interior of rooms.

12

Cedar
board
for
UROCO

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Peace, Serenity and Healing

Traditional

Health＆Relax

Advanced
DesignJapanese Style Room and Tea Room
Amid a rapidly changing social environment, people today seek a peace of mind. In order to satisfy such needs, "Washitsu
Gakyo (Japanese-style rooms or tea rooms)" is created under the concepts of "peace, serenity and healing". This productmakes special space even in the residences such as condominiums. High-quality timber of Kitayama cedar from Kyoto andYoshino cedar is used for the material. This is a highly ﬂexible product based on Japanese style rooms which can becustomized into various types of rooms to suit the customers' needs.

Possible to freely create various types of Japanese rooms

Creating Japanese healing space in a condominium room

Using Japanese high-quality timber (branded timber)

Designed to oﬀer peace, serenity and healing

Japanese-style rooms are said to have originated approximately 1,200-1,300 years ago in the Nara period under the
Buddhist culture. Typical Japanese style rooms are consist of a large space separated by "fusuma (sliding doors)".
"Fusuma" can be easily removed, so, for example, an open space can be created by connecting rooms when you holda "party", and by putting back "fusuma" in place, a room can be converted in small tea rooms when you have guests.
Tsuchikabe (mud walls) is another feature of Japanese-style rooms. It absorbs moisture when humidity is high andreleases moisture when it is dry, which make a comfortable living space. Thus, Japanese style rooms are sometimes
said to be the most comfortable rooms in the world due to their ﬁne features from both functional and formational
perspectives. Today, mechanization has advanced and housing is at cutting edge, so the number of houses with all
wood ﬂooring increased. Japanese style rooms are valuable enough to be existed in such times.

13

Representative Wood in Japan

Healthy・Safety・Comfort

Japanese Woods 01

Cryptomeria japonica

Sugi■ Softwood, conifer■ Family: Cupressaceae

Sugi, along with Hinoki, is a representative tree species in Japan. As a coniferous tree unique to Japan, Sugi is widely
popular and its applications are versatile. The origin of the name of Sugi is "immediately." A circular trunk stretchedstraight from the earth towards the sky: so it was given its name.

Sugi is a Japanʼs endemic species.

Cutting surface of Sugi

FEATURES:
The annual ring is clear and the diﬀerence in colors between heartwood and sapwood is also clear. Color of theheartwood ranges from peach to dark reddish brown and the preservative quality of the wood is moderate. The dry
speciﬁc gravity ranges from 0.30 to 0.45, (0.38 on average) and it can be said that it is somewhat lightweight as Japaneseconiferous trees. This becomes a big advantage when processing the wood. Sugi has a unique fragrance and you can feelit from buildings, interior decoration made from cedar wood, furniture, etc.

USAGE:
Sugi is widely used in Japan as building materials (pillars, beams, boards etc.), ceiling boards, polished logs, furniture,ﬁttings, ﬁxtures, packaging, barrels, high quality disposable chopsticks, shipbuilding, and more. In recent years,
application for plywood and glued laminated timber has expanded. Aged natural Sugi used to make cabinetry andceiling board, etc. of decoration purpose have high added value. Also, "polished log", which is a barked log polished withspecial sand, is used for alcove post, girder, interior, crafts,etc.

Treasures of Shosoin and Chinese chest of Sugi:
Shosoin is called "World's Repository", and treasures which were gatheredfrom all over the continent through the Silk Road in the Nara era remain theof that time even after 1300 years passed. It is said that medicines andperfumes still retain their eﬃcacy, without losing the vivid colors andshapes of the treasures. Its excellent preservation function is attributed tothe "Chinese chest made of Sugi", in which the precious contents were
preserved.
素木唐櫃雛型 正倉院模造
Photo：Research Information Archives,
Tokyo National Museum

Charactristic Table

Mean coeﬃcient of shrinkage for 1%
Strength (Mpa)change of moisture content (%)
Speciﬁc gravity
Modulus of elasticity
in bending (GPa)Longitudinal
Shear strengthin air-dry
Radial direction Tangential direction Bending strength compressive strength parallel to grain

0.38

0.1

0.25

64 15

15

34

5.9

7.4

Japanese
Japanese Woods
Woods 02
02

Chamaecyparis obtusa Hinoki■ Softwood, conifer■ Family: Cupressaceae

Hinoki, as much as Sugi, is a representative tree species in Japan.
Hinoki is durable and has a characteristic fragrance. It has second largest plantation areas next to Sugi, and is widely usedas high-grade lumber. "Nihon Shoki" which is the Japan's ﬁrst authoritative history says "build a boat with Sugi or
camphor tree, build a palace with Hinoki and make a coﬃn with podocarpus". Hinoki has long been known to be theperfect and best material for palace construction. As for the name of Hinoki, taking the " sun" which represents thehighest precious thing, there is the theory "Sun's tree".

The name of Hinoki as “Sunʼs tree

Cutting surface of Hinoki

FEATURES:
The color of the heartwood is pink and the sapwood is almost white. Along with its characteristic fragrance, it has a senseof cleanliness and is highly durable. Durability of the heartwood is particularly high, and it withstands water moisture fora long time. The dry speciﬁc gravity ranges from 0.30 to 0.45, (0.38 in average). The annual ring is not very clear, as thechange of the cell shape in one year is small. Therefore, Hinoki is a homogeneous and dense species, and its surface
would be beautiful and glossy if ﬁnishing is made well.
The name,of Hinoki is also said to be derived from "ﬁre tree" connoting that it was used for ﬁre-making.
It is said that Hinoki is hard to cause deviation as a material because it can dry so well deep inside that it can make ﬁre.

USAGE:
Because of its excellent properties, Hinoki is used for many purposes as a highgrade material. When you call a house of Hinoki , it is used as a synonym for ahigh class house. Hinoki is imperative for building temples, shrines and palaces.
Also known are ﬁttings, sculptures (such as Buddhist statues) wooden shapes,
curves, troughs, separators for storage batteries, and so on. "Hinoki bath" is a
way of utilizing the durability of Hinoki

Hinoki Bathtub

Charactristic Table
Mean coeﬃcient of shrinkage for 1%
Strength (Mpa)change of moisture content (%)
Speciﬁc gravity
Modulus of elasticity
in bending (GPa)Longitudinal
Shear strengthin air-dry
Radial direction Tangential direction Bending strength compressive strength parallel to grain

0.44

0.12

0.23

74

39

16

7.4

8.8

woods 03
Japanese Woods
03

Larix kaempferi

Karamatsu■ Deciduous conifers■ Family: Pinaceae

It has the origin of the name that it resembles a pine of Tang painting (Chinese painting). Because it is the only deciduoustree among Japanese coniferous trees, it sometimes is written as "deciduous pine".
Tree forms are beautiful, leaves turns golden in autumn, and the trees color the autumn scenery beautifully. Leaves dropin the late autumn. Despite the beautiful shape and the soft image of the tree, the larch lumber is rather heavy.

Karamatsu that turns yellow in autumn

Cutting surface of Karamatsu

FEATURES:
The color of heartwood is bronze. Although it is relatively pale when the tree is young, it gets darker as the tree matures.
Sapwood is yellowish white. The substantial diﬀerence in shapes of cells formed from spring to summer results in clearly
understandable annual rings, thus the texture is rough.
Speciﬁc gravity in air-dry ranges from 0.40 to 0.60, (0.50 in average), being one of heavy-duty softwood lumbers. Natural
Karamatsu which grow older and slower is called "Ten-Kara", and it is highly evaluated in contrast to young trees planted
and it is traded at a high price as a precious wood. Heartwood has moderate preservatory quality.

USAGE:
Karamatsu is a durable species that is used as a utility pole or pile. It used to be that it is diﬃcult to use it as a sawmill,but due to recent progress in utilizing and wood processing technologies, etc., products that make use of the strength ofthe lumber have become available and are actively used.
Karamatsu is used for building, public work, dunnage, pallet, furniture, and packing. Karamatsu plywood have been
increasing recently. In addition, Karamatsu is resistant to decay and has moderate elasticity, so it is also used for
guardrails and the like.

Charactristic Table
Mean coeﬃcient of shrinkage for 1%
Strength (Mpa)change of moisture content (%)
Speciﬁc gravity
Modulus of elasticity
in bending (GPa)Longitudinal
Shear strengthin air-dry
Radial direction Tangential direction Bending strength compressive strength parallel to grain
0.50

0.18

0.28

78

44

17

7.8

9.8

Japanese
Japanese woods
Woods04
04

Hiba

Thujopsis dolabrata■ Softwood■ Family: Cupressaceae

Another name for Hiba is "Asunaro". Its origin derived from "It will become Hinoki tomorrow," implying an image of its
inferiority to Hinoki. However, due to the unique fragrance of Hiba (hinokitiol), it has durability so that it will not spoil tothe core even if it dies. For that reason, Hiba is by no means of inferior species to Hinoki.

Aomori Hiba, one of the three most beautiful forests in Japan

Cutting surface of Hiba

FEATURES:
Characteristics of this kind of wood can be easily distinguished from others because of its unique fragrance. It is also
highly durable and resistant to water and moisture, so it is often used for such as sill. As in Chusonji Temple in Hiraizumi,
where there were no good Hinoki in the surroundings, it is known that Hiba had been often used for buildings such as
temples. Speciﬁc gravity in air-dry ranges from 0.37 to 0.55 (0.45 in average).
Because of its toughness and durability, there is a demand as sills in wooden houses, even outside the growing area. Not
a small number of houses use posts of Hiba. As the color of heartwood is pale yellow and the sapwood is yellowish white,the diﬀerence in color is little. There are not much diﬀerences in shapes of the cells within the annual ring, and the
texture of the surface is ﬁne.

USAGE:
Hiba is mainly used for building. In particular, sills and joist of Hiba
are popular. Others are tools, bathtub and lacquerware base (Wajima
graining in the Noto district), etc. for its preservative quality andstrength.

Hiba Bathtub

Charactristic Table
Mean coeﬃcient of shrinkage for 1%
Strength (Mpa)change of moisture content (%)
Speciﬁc gravity
Modulus of elasticity
in bending (GPa)Longitudinal
Shear strengthin air-dry
Radial direction Tangential direction Bending strength compressive strength parallel to grain

0.45

0.19

0.27

74

39

18

7.4

8.8

Japanese Woods 05

Abies Sachalinensis Todomatsu■ Softwood■ Family: Pinaceae

Although Todomatsu has "Pine" in its name, it is not a Pinus genus but a fellow of Fir and is the same family of Firima (A.
frima) or Shirabe (A. veitchii) seen in Honshu. The distribution of Todomatsu is limited to Hokkaidoincluding the Minami
Chishima and Karafuto Islands. Todomatsu is collectively called Ezo Todo, together with Ezomatsu which are therepresentative tree species of Hokkaido.

Forestry of Todomatsu

Cutting surface of Todomatsu

FEATURES:
There is not much diﬀerence in color between the heartwood and the sapwood, being almost white altogether. Its
cutting surface is light and gentle. The wood is relatively light and soft in whitish color. Because of that, the thermal
conductivity will be low, so you can feel a little warmth when you touch it. The transition from early wood to late wood is
so quick that the annual rings are clear. Speciﬁc gravity in air-dry ranges from 0.35 to 0.52 (0.44 in average) as it is slightly
lightweight. The material is easy to split, cut and dry.

USAGE:In Japan, it has been widely used as a building material in Hokkaido for a long time, siding boards, ceiling boards,
ﬂoorings and sheathing boards as well as structural member such as columns and beams. It is preferred and used in
Hokkaido just like Sugi in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It is also used for pulping materials, packaging materials,
disposable chopsticks, cutting boards and so on. It is also used as public work materials because it is relatively resistant todecay. It is sometimes planted around a house as a windbreak, which creates a unique landscape in Hokkaido.

Charactristic Table
Mean coeﬃcient of shrinkage for 1%
Strength (Mpa)change of moisture content (%)
Speciﬁc gravity
Modulus of elasticity
in bending (GPa)Longitudinal
Shear strengthin air-dry
Radial direction Tangential direction Bending strength compressive strength parallel to grain

0.40

0.14

0.35

64

32

19

6.4

7.8

Japanese
Japanese Woods
Woods 06
06

Picea Jezoensis

Ezomatsu■ Softwood■ Family: Pinaceae

In Japan, this species distributed in Hokkaido is called "Ezomatsu" including acacia pine which is closely related. It is
distributed in commerce as "Ezo Todo" together with Todomatsu. Durability of this wood is high and this is a usefulspecies in a cold district. It is designated as "tree of Hokkaido."

Forest of Aka Ezomatsu

Cutting surface of Ezomatsu

FEATURES:
There may be not much diﬀerence in color between the heartwood and the sapwood, but the heartwood is in pink
and it has ﬁne texture. With the time after cutting, the color becomes darker. The wood grain goes straight and isbeautiful, and it is often used for building materials. There is also a characteristic of having almost no smell. Although it
has an axially intercellular canal (resin canal), "resinous exudate" does not much seep out on the material surface.

USAGE:The species is used as building materials, ﬁttings, pulp, wood wool, paper‐thin sheets of wood and even for musicalinstruments. Houses in Hokkaido are built using Ezomatsu and Todomatsu, which is very common in Hokkaido. In
addition, because the acoustic characteristics ﬁts well with instruments, the lumber is used for violin, piano and other
instruments. It also becomes pulp material used for the cone of the speaker. In addition to aﬀorestation, it is planted aswindbreak forest, park tree, or garden tree.

Charactristic Table
Mean coeﬃcient of shrinkage for 1%
Strength (Mpa)change of moisture content (%)
Speciﬁc gravity
Modulus of elasticity
in bending (GPa)Longitudinal
Shear strengthin air-dry
Radial direction Tangential direction Bending strength compressive strength parallel to grain

0.43

0.15

0.29

69

34

20

6.9

8.8

Japanese Post and Beam Construction
Japanese post and beam construction is the most popular structural system among the timber buildings in Japan andoriginated from the traditional timber building technique. The main frames are sills, posts, beams and girders. Let-in-corner
braces are the member to resist to horizontal loads such as wind and seismic loads. Recently, plywood is beginning to be
used instead of braces. In general, Japanese post and beam construction has more ﬂexibility of structural and architecturaldesign than the other structural systems. Room layout, big openings and wood surfaces to show in the room are theexamples. In the past, a skilled-craft work was essential to cut the structural members including the caved connection
parts, which required several months before the construction. But now, lumber is precut in factories by using so-called “Precutting systems” with CAD (Computer Aided Design) and CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing), which has shortened
the total production period of buildings. The connections are reinforced by using metal plates, bolts and screws.
With various measures like them, we are trying to shorten the construction period, increase the durability, and improve theseismic resistance.

Source：Forest Material Newspaper Co., Ltd.（Rinzai Shinbun）

21

REFERENCES：■Water vapor high temperature heat-treated lumber（ThermoWood）■Advanced preserved resin treated wood
（Wood deck）■Plywood for antiseptic and anti-termite structure■Flooring materials for ﬂoor heating（Yukadan Hinoki-butai）
Ikemi Inc.
Head Oﬃce, Factory: 1-3-48 Sakanoichi-Chuo, Oita, Oita,
870-0307, Japan
TEL：097-592-2122 FAX：097-593-2713
http://www.ikemi.co.jp

KOSHII&CO.,LTD
Head Oﬃce: 1-2-158 Hirabayashi-kita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka,
Japan
TEL：06-6685-2061 FAX：06-6685-8778
http://www.koshii.co.jp
Shanghai Oﬃce: Room 11A31,Shanghaimart, No.2299,
Yanan Road West,Shanghai 200336,China
TEL：+86-21-6236-2661 FAX：+86-21-6236-2661
http://www.jpkoshiiwoods.com■Sugislit (Cedarwood)
Osaka Federation of Wood-industry
3-6-9 Shinmachi, Nishi-ku, Osaka, 550-0013, Japan
TEL：06-6538-7524
http://www.mokuzai.or.jp■Sheets made from real natural veneer（Sanfoot）
Sanfoot Overseas Division,
HOKUSAN, LTD
1-7-6,Shinkiba,Koto-ku,Tokyo,136-0082 JAPAN
TEL：+81-33521-2111 FAX:+81-33521-6644
http://www.hoxan.co.jp■Nitriding-heat treated wood
（S-TECH WOOD）
Echo-life Operation Division, Emachu Mokuzai Co., Ltd.
3-3-3 Harumi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
TEL：03-3533-8211 FAX：03-3533-8219
http://www.st-wood.jp■Thick Structual Plywood（Nedanon）
Japan Plywood Manufacturers' Association
2-21-2 2 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
TEL：+81-3-5226-6677 FAX：+81-3-5226-6678
http://www.jpma.jp■Colored solid Yaki-sugi（UROCO）
KIZARA Div.
Forestfeeling Co., Ltd.
1 Anma-cho, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 435-0012, Japan
TEL：053-570-6539 FAX：03-6740-1789
http://uroco.org/■Laminated veneer（ＬＶＬ）
National LVL Association
8th Fl., Shin-Kiba Tower, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Building Construction Management Division,
KAJIMA CORPORATION
6-5-11 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
TEL：+81-3-5544-0229
https://www.kajima.co.jp■Japanese Style Room(chamber), Tea Room
Wood Li
Head Oﬃce: 1−93 Kusakabe Matsuno-cho, Inazawa, Aichi,
Japan
TEL・FAX:0587-74-4708 Mobile:090-8550-9257
China Oﬃce: No. 5 Hanzheng Street, Jinzhou District, DalianCity, Liaoning Province
TEL:0086-411-3933-9188 Mobile:133-1426-7687■Wood Information provided by
Japan Wood-Prpducts Information & Research Center
１-７-12 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
TEL：+81(3)3816-5595 FAX: +81(3)3816-5062

22

Japan Wood-Products Export Association
一般社団法人 日本木材輸出振興協会
Rinyu Bldg, Kouraku, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo
112-0004 Japan

Supported by Forestry Agency, October 2017