Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No. 76

Palaeontological Society of Japan
December lOth, 1969

Editor: Tokio SHIKA MA
Associate Editors : Kiyotaka CHI NZEI a nd Noriy uki IKEY A

Officers for 1969- 1970
President:

Fuyuji T AKA!

Councillors (*Ex ecutives ) :Kiyoshi ASA NO*, T ets uro HANAI* (Secretary), Kotora

HATAI, Itaru HAYAM I, Koichiro Ic HIKAWA, Taro KANAYA, Kametoshi KAN·
MERA, Teiichi KOBAYASHI, Ke nji KONISHI, Tamio KOTAKA , Tatsuro MATSU·
MOTO*, Masa o MINATO, Hiroshi OzAK I* (T r easurer ), Tokio SHIKAMA* , Fuyuji
TAKA!*
Executive Committee (Chairman:
General Affairs:
Membership:

Fuy uji TA KA!)

T etsuro HANA I, Takashi HAMA DA, Yasuhide Iw ASAKI

Takashi HAMADA

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Publications
Transactions : Tokio SHIKAMA, Ki yotaka CHI NZEI, Nori y uki IKEYA
Special Papers:

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Tomowo OzAWA" Fossils " : Ki yoshi ASANO, Yokichi T AKAYANAGI

Fossils on the cover is Globorotalia tnmca lulinoides (D'0RBIGNY, 1839).
The photog raph was taken on a scanning electron microscope, JEOL-JSM- 2, x 100.

All communications r elating to this journal should be addressed to the
PALA EO NTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan
Sole a gent : University of Tokyo Press

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N:S., No.' 76, pp. 165-176, pls. 18, 19, Dec. 10, 1969

558.

LOWER CRETACEOUS AMMONITES FROM THE MIYAKO GROUPPART 3
SOME DOUVILLEICERATIDS FROM THE MIYAKO GROUPIKUWO OBATA
Department of Paleontology, National Science Museum, Ueno, Tokyo

Tt:f~E3illi*'Ert!l~lltmi:7:/-t-71 r (.:f:-0) 3), 'E\t!lmtl'f.m£ douvilleiceratids: '§rt!l~llH::EJi:i"":Q7 :/-t-7-1 r 0)? t,, Douvilleiceratidae f.!j.O) Eodouvilleiceras /If!, 2f!!U:: Douvilleiceras /If!, 1 f!ll~~t&Zimcll\X Lt.:. fiti1\ff'i.lfit~niTl}BO)J:t:f~ J:: tJ mi:t-H l.-, :fk'!!§'f'i.lfit~ni:IOCJ:l}M,Ga)lpi~ ~fl!~fCiPf::J-'""Ci~I:HT :Q. ;::_ O)EJi:I:HJII~/f:fCfWJT {5-~f'J:, Wl\'?'ti!!fC.t>I::J-:Q~p
ID'U.l:tf.J(i"":Q C.~. ~:blsb'""Ci\ffll;flli¥JC:;li):Q. gg~O)~~Ht:.:fi D. mammillatum O);!EI:HfCJ::
tJ, ajjpF.ftJ: GU:fc .lfit~F.f:."OCJ:l}Bf'i.i;.:f:- G <Tl}B Albian O)J:l'fBfc M.l:t~ h:Q <::· ;li) 0?.
v'·::>V1?, Eodouvilleiceras /If!, 2 ~O)i.lfi:HiPG, .lfit~~Tl}~ii~J:$ Aptian O)J:$f::)<t

ft~h:Q~-~~~T~T"-~~k.

~

m~ ~

to Dr. Tetsuro HANAI of the Universityof Tokyo and to Dr. I taru HAY AMI of
Kyushu University, for their kind cooperation in the field work and in vari·
ous other ways. I desire to express mysincere thanks to Professor Tatsuro
MATSUMOTO of Kyushu University, who
had encouraged me during the courseof this study, shared his precious timewith me in fruitful discussion, and furthermore made a critical review of thefirst draft. Thanks are extended to Dr.
Hiroshi OZAKI and Miss Reiko FUSEJIMAof the National Science Museum for their
help in many ways. Financial support
was defrayed by the Ministry of Education as the Grant in Aid for Scientific
Researches.

Introduction

Some species of the Lower Cretaceousammonites from the Miyako Group were
described in my previous papers (1967a,b). Subsequently (HANAI et a!., 1968) thestratigraphic division and succession of
selected species of ammonites from the
Miyako Group were shown in a table.
On that occasion the Aketo Formation,
the uppermost member of the Group,
was provisionally assigned to the Lower
Albian, without, however, definite indices.
In the present part, I describe three species belonging to the family Douvilleiceratidae. The Douvilleiceratidae consistof only a few genera but are importantin that they are representative of theDouvilleicerataceae and comprise goodindex species of Aptian to Albian ages.
I wish to record here my cordial thanks

Systematic Descriptions

Order Ammonoidea* Received April 1, 1969; read January 25,
1969, at Tokyo.

Superfamily Douvilleicerataceae

165

1kuwo · 0BATA

166
Family Douvilleiceratidae· Subfamily Douvilleiceratinae P ARONA& BONARELLI, 1897
Genus Eodouvilleiceras CASEY, 1961.
Type species.-Douvilleiceras horridum
RIEDEL, 1937 (designated by CASEY, 1961).
Remarks.-CASEY (1961, p. 191) de·
scribed concisely the diagnosis of thegenus, to which a few species werereferred (1961, p. 191 ; 1962, p. 260).
Recently, MATSUMOTO (1968, p. 143) described a species of the genus from the
Tomochi Formation, Kyushu. In thispaper two species from the Miyako
Group are described.· They came fromthe upper part of the Upper Aptian~
Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi, sp. nov.
Pl. 18, figs. 2, 3, 5; Pl. 19, fig. 2;
text-fig. 1.

Holotype.-NSM 7272 from loc. Hn.
4201 (0BATA coll.) ..
Paratypes.- Two specimens, NSM 7269
and 7281, from the type locality (OBATA
coiL}; NSM 7263 and 7264 from loc. Hn.
4151 (OBA TA coll.) ; NSM 7268 from thesame locality (HANAI coll.); IGPS 87145,
a fragment, from loc. Hn. 4152 (YEHARA
coiL).
·
Description.-Whorls are much depressed and coronate, except for the young
which shows a rather cadicone stage
below 10 mm. in diameter. The maximum thickness is at some distance
below the midflank. Width of umbilicu~
is fairly wide to moderate, decreasing
with growth. The umbilical wall ishigh and steep near its base, becomesrounded upward, passing into a subangular top, slightly above the umbilicalshoulder, where the whorl is broadest.
The inflated flanks are convergent to-ward the venter. The ribs start fromthe umbilical shoulder, slightly concave_on the flank, and are very gently projected on the venter in younger stages,
but in later stages they become straight,
slightly prorsiradiate on the flank, andthen radially cross the venter. The ribs
are broad but very low, and are separated by interspaces which are nearly
as wide as the ribs. The lirae are
discernible in the interspaces on theshell. There are eighteen ribs in awhorl of a late stage (e. g. NSM 7272),
but six in an earlier whorl (e. g. NSM
7264).
At the stage below 5 mm. in diameter,a tubercle appears first on the most inflated part of the flank (e. g. NSM 7273).
In addition, a . ventro-lateral tubercle
appears on the rib at about 7 mm. indiameter (e. g. NSM 7264), and lastly atubercle appears on the umbilical endof the rib at about 16 mm. in diameter(i. e. NSM 7272). The lateral tubercles
are rather clavate in the young stage
between 5-8 mm in diameter (e. g. NSM
7264 and 7272), but become conical later(i. e. NSM 7272). ·In later stages there
are two ventro~lateral tubercles on eachrib, but lateral tubercle is sometimes
absent. The ventro-lateral tubercles arerather spinose and are nearly as large
as the lateral ones in later stages. The
umbilical tubercles are much smaller
thart the lateral and ventro-lateral ones.
The suture is rather simple. Following WIEDMANN'S formula (1966, p. 34),
it consists of EL(LvLd)U(UvUd)I. E isdeep and of moderate breadth. L is thebroadest and is divided into Lv and Ldby a comparatively large, subquadrate
saddle. Lv is oblique, much smaller
than E and is asymmetrically incisedwith small folioles. Ld is smaller than
Lv and is oblique. U is asymmetricallydivided into Uv and Ud by a foliole.

558.

lmm

L___j

Douvilleiceratids fro'rn ·the Miyako Group

167~~~,o~r~-~
u.s.

v

-.; \

u.s.

Fig. 1. Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi sp. nov .. Suture of the holotype, NSM 7272,
from the Hiraiga Formation, at whorl-height=3.8 mm, breadth=7.5 mm.

Uv is small and situated on the outerside of the umbilical seam. Ud is almost
vertical and deeper than Uv. I is fairly
narrow but larger than Ud. The firstlateral saddle between E and L is thetallest, massive, asymmetric in outline,with a steeper ventral slope, multipartite with several lobules, decreasing in
breadth toward the top. The saddle
between L and U is subquadrate, andshallowly bipartite at the top. The
saddle between U and I is fairly highand narrow.
Remarks.-The holotype, the largestof the present specimens, is muchsmaller than the hitherto known mature
specimens of douvilleiceratids, but its
morphological features are distinguished from the specimens of the known
species.
Comparison.- The described specimens
are closer to the holotype of Eodouvilleiceras horridum (RIEDEL) (1937, p. 29, pl.
6, figs. 1, 2) than to the specimen illustrated by CASEY (1962, p. 261, text-fig.
90), in the delicate and dense ribbing(18 per whorl), sharpness of tubercles

and fairly large distance between twoventro-lateral tubercles. Since the sutureof the holotype of E. horridum is insufficiently preserved and the incision of
saddles is uncertain, an exact comparison
cannot be expected between the two
species under consideration. The maindifference between the Miyakoan and
the Colombian species is the position of
the lateral tubercles. In the described
species. the lateral tubercles are situatedbelow the mid-flank, while in E. horridum
they are situated rather above the midflank.
The described species is distinguishedfrom Eodouvilleiceras n. sp. (?) aff. E.
horridum (RIEDEL) (MATSUMOTO, 1968,
p. 143, pl. 2, fig. 2a-d) from the Tomochi
Formation, Kyushu, in that it has a subangular, instead of rounded, top slightly
above the umbilical shoulder and thelateral tubercles which are situated inside the mid-flank.
Eodouvilleiceras santafecinum (BURCKHARDT) from Colombia has more numerous ribs (cf. DOUVILLE, 1906, pl. 1, figs.
2, 2a) and more compressed whorl (cf.

lkuwo OBATA

168
Measurements.*Specimen

DiameterUmbilicus

HeightBreadthB/H

NSM 7272•• (earlier stage)
NSM 7264

20. 4(1)
14. 9(1)8.8(1)

7.8(0.38)
6.2(0.42)
4.0(0.45)

8.8(0.43)
5.0(0.34)
2.6(0.29)

13.3(0.65)
9.4(0.63)
5.4(0.61)

1. 51
1. 88
2.07

For comparison:
H;:>btype of E. horridum [RIEDEL, 1937, p. 29]
168(1)c. 26(0. 38)

c. 25(0. 37)

39(0.57)

1. 56

E. horridum from the Upper Aptian, near Bogota, Colombia [CAsEY, 1962, p. 261,
estimated from text-fig. 90]
1
c. 54. 6(1)c. 21. 3(0. 39)
c. 20. 0(0. 37)
c. 30. 6(0. 56)

1. 53

E. badkhyzicum from the Turkmenia, U.S.S.R. [URMANOVA, 1962, p. 76]
1;28-14a88(1)33(0. 38)
35. 5(0. 40)
54(0. 61)
1;28-14684(1)30.5(0.36)
33.6(0.40)
46.2(0.55)
lj28-14b73. 5(1)
22. 9(0. 31)
27. 6(0. 38)
42(0. 57)
1;28-14r
72(1)24.6(0.34)
26. 7(0.37)
40(0.55)228
40(1)17. 7(0. 44)
13(0. 33)24(0. 60)

1. 52
1.38
1. 52
1.49
1. 84

E. santafecinum [Cheloniceras boulei, BAssE, 1928,
estimated from text-fig. 17 and pl. 8, fig. 4]
Costal92. 8(1)
34. 8(0. 38)
35. 7(0.38)
Intercostal
91.4(1)32.4(0.35)
30.3(0.33)

40.8(0.44)
33.8(0.37)

1.14
1.11

E. santafecinum [Douvilleiceras stoliczkanum, DouviLLE, 1905,
eatimated from pl. 1, fig. 2, 2a]93.0(1)28.9(0.31)
24.5(0.26)

30.8(0.33)

1. 25

BASSE, 1928, p. 140, text-fig. 17) than ,the described species. In E. santafecinum
the lateral tubercles are situated evidently outside the mid-flank.
The suture line of the described species is very similar to that of Eodouvilleiceras clansayense (JACOB) (p. 414,
text-fig. 6) in the general outline, theincision of saddles, etc. The two species
are similar also in the width of umbilicus and the ratio of breadth to height.
However, they are clearly distinguishedby the sharpness of ornamentation andthe position of tubercles.
In Eodouvilleiceras · badkhyzicum (URMANOVA) (1962, p. 76, text-figs. 1, 2) the* Measurements are in mm.

ribs are more numerous and the lateral
tubercles are situated somewhat farther
outside than in the described species.
The width of umbilicus and the ratio of
breadth to height are similar between
the Russian and the Miyako specimens.
Occurrence.-Loc. Hn. 4201, a calcareous concretion at Tairajima, southeastof Omoto village. In addition to thisspecies, Diadochoceras nodosocostatiforme(SHIMIZU), Eodouvilleiceras sp., Eotetragonites sp., Uhligella matsushimensis(SHIMIZU), Pseudohaploceras (?) sp. andHypophylloceras sp. occur at the same
locality.
Loc. Hn. 4151, calcareous concretionsin the upper fossiliferous bed at Matsushima, southeast of Omoto village. In

558.

169

Douvilleiceratids from the Miyako Group

addition to this species, Diadochoceras
nodosocostatiforme (SHIMIZU), Eodouvilleiceras sp., Valdedorsella getulina (CoQUAND), Melchiorites yabei (SHIMIZU),
Hypophylloceras sp. and Hamites sp.
occur at the same locality.
Loc. Hn. 4152, a calcareous concretionin the middle fossiliferous bed at Matsushima.
The above localities are all in Shimohei County, Iwate Prefecture. They arein the upper portion of the lower partof the Hiraiga Formation; Uppermost
Aptian.
Eodouvilleiceras sp. nov. (?) aff.
E. matsumotoi OBA T A
Pl. 18, figs. 1, 4, 6; pl. 19, fig. 1 ;text-figs. 2, 3.

Mate1·ial.-NSM 7261 from loc. Hn.
4151 (OBA TA coli.). Four immature specimens, NSM 7265-7267, from loc. Hn.
4151 (HANAI coli.), NSM 7278 from thesame locality (OBATA coli.), NSM 7270
from loc. Hn. 4201 (OBATA coli.) are.comparable to the present species.
Description.-In the stage less than 20mm. in diameter, whorls are depressed,
showing coronate section, with point of
maximum thickness moving in courseof growth from nearly middle of theflank toward umbilical margin. Widthof umbilicus is fairly narrow at about
20 mm. in diameter, being nearly aquarter of the diameter. But it ismoderate at about 7 to 8 mm., being
35% of the total diameter. Umbilicus
is bounded by rather high and steep
wall, though rounded well at rim. The
flanks are rounded, and the venter isvery gently arched.
The ribs are straight, radial or slightly
reclined, fairly broad and very low, rarely short, and are separated by interspaces which are wider than or nearly
as wide as the ribs. Ribs are variablein strength ; the shorter ones terminate
just above the umbilical margin. Faintlirae are occasionally discernible on theinterspaces. There are 12 ribs perwhorl. In the very young specimens at
about 7 to 8 mm. in diameter, ribs are
distinct, counting 6 to 8 within a whorl,and separated by interspaces wider than
the ribs, and lirae are rather sharp between the ribs.

E

Ld

Lv
?

Uv
,
'

,- .....
I~;---S

lmm

I

U.Sh.

Fig. 2. Eodouvilleiceras sp. nov. (?) aff. E. matsumotoi 0BATA. NSM 7261,
from the Hiraiga Formation, at whorl-height=4.4 mm, breadth=7.4 mm.

u.s.

,170

lku.w!> 0BATA

E
L

0. 5 mmL__j(a)Fig. 3.

Eodouvilleiceras sp. nov. (?) aff. E. matsumotoi OBATA.
NSM 7266, from the Hiraiga Formation.
a: at whorl-height=3.0 mm, breadth=4.4 mm.
b: at whorl-height=l.8 mm, breadth=2.8 mm.

Each rib has two conical and approximated tubercles on the venter. Lateral
tubercles on the part where the thickness is maximum are a little smaller
and less than the ventral tubercles.
Umbilical tubercles, though indistinct,
begin to appear at the stage of about
20 mm. in diameter. In the very young
specimens at about 7 to 8 mm. in di-ameter, ventral tubercles are bullate
whereas lateral ones are conical. And,sometimes from the lateral tubercles alira projects.
Simple sutures of douvilleiceratid type
are poorly preserved. In a young specimen, e. g. NSM 7266, the suture issimple and the first lateral saddle iscomparatively broad and low.

Measurements.Specimen

DiameterUmbilicus

HeightBreadthB/H

NSM 7261(deformed)
NSM 7261(1/4 vol.
earlier)

20.5(1)5.6(0.27)

9. 2(0. 45)

11. 9(0. 58)

1. 29

17. 3(1)4. 4(0. 25)

7.1(0. 41)

10. 0(0. 58)

1. 40 costal

6. 4(0. 37)

8. 7(0.50)

9.8
8.9

15.5
13.8

3. 2(0. 41)
2.6(0.38)

4. 4(0. 55)
3. 9(0. 57)

1. 35 intercostal
1. 58 costal
1. 55 intercostal
1. 38
1. 50

NSM 7262

NSM 7266
NSM 7267

7.9(1)
6. 8(1)

2. 8(0. 35)
2. 4(0. 35)

558.

Douvilleiceratids from the Miyako Group

Remarks.- The described specimens
have features that seem to suggest a
new species, but I hesitate to propose a
new specific name for the reasons given
below.
Comparison.- The species resembles
Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi OBAT A, inthe simple ribbing, mammilliform but
undivided ventral tubercles, depressed
whorls, as well as the general patternof sutures. The present species has
more coarse and less numerous ribs andnodes than E. matsumotoi. The former
has a short distance between the twoventral tubercles, while the latter has alarge distance between the two ventrolateral tubercles. In the latter there isa subangular top slightly above theumbilical shoulder and the umbilicus iswider and the whorl is more depressedthan the former.
There is, however, a peculiar fragmentary specimen which seems to beintermediate between the two species
in question. The example is NSM 7262,
in which the flanks are rounded, showing the character of the present species,
but has fairly delicate ornaments andhas a large distance between the twoventro-lateral tubercles. In short, thespecies des.cribed here probably represents a new species related to E. matsumotoi. The establishment of the new
species is, however, suspended until
more specimens are obtained. The present species also resembles E. horridum(RIEDEL, 1937, p. 29; pl. 6, figs. 1, 2; pl.
14, fig. 11) from the Upper Aptian ofColombia. Above all, our specimens are
similar to the specimen mentioned by
CASEY (1962, p. 261, text-fig. 90) in thatthe distance between the two ventral
tubercles is short and the ribs arecoarse. The Colombian specimen has,
however, a wider umbilicus and somewhat more depressed whorls than ours.

171

Furthermore, there is no distinct umbilical tubercle in the Miyako specimens at
about 20 mm. in diameter. In thesepoints the specimen illustrated by CASEY
agrees well with the holotype of E.
horridum.
·
The described species is distinguishedfrom Eodouvilleiceras n. sp. (?) aff. E.
horridum (RIEDEL) (MATSUMOTO, 1968,
p. 143, pl. 2, fig. 2a-c), from the Tomochi Formation of Kyushu. In the former
the ribs are less crowded, the flanks are
more rounded, the umbilicus is probably
narrower, and the distance between thetwo ventral tubercles is shorter than in
the latter.
In lateral view the described specimens considerably resemble one of theFrench specimens described and illustrated by jACOB as Douvilleiceras clansayense (1905, p. 413, pl. 13, fig. 4a-c),in the coarseness and density of ribbing,absence or weakness of umbilical tubercles, and in the douvilleiceratid typesuture. In the French specimen thelateral tubercles are situated outside
the mid-flank, while in the japanese
specimens they are situated inside themid-flank. Furthermore, the French
specimen as estimated from fig. 4a-b issimilar to E. horridum in showing 40%of the umbilicus to the whole diameter,
and having 1.6 ratio of whorl breadth
to height. Thus, the French specimen
is dissimilar to the japanese specimens
in dimensions.
Eodouvilleiceras santafecinum (BURCKHARDT), described by BASSE as Cheloniceras boulei (1928, p. 139, text-fig. 17, pl.
8, fig. 4) from the uppermost Aptian ofColombia has denser ribbing and alonger distance between the two ventral
tubercles than the Miyako specimens,
and has distinct umbilical tubercles. In
the former the lateral tubercles areclearly situated farther outside than

172

lkuwo OBATA

ours. Furthermore, the South American
species, as seen in the figures, . has awider umbilicus and much compressed
whorl. In these points the specimen
described and illustrated by DouviLLE
as Douvilleiceras stoliczkanum (1906, pl.
1, fig. 2, 2a) somewhat approaches tothe Miyako sp.ecimens. Anyhow, E.
santafecinum seems to be largely different from the species from the Miyako
Group.
Eodouvilleiceras badkhyzicum (URMANOVA) (1962, p. 76, text-figs. 1, 2) fromthe Upper Aptian of Turkmenia, U.S.S.R.,
has denser ribbing than the specimensfrom Miyako. In the Russian species
the umbilical tubercles are distinct andthe lateral tubercles seem to be situatedoutside the mid-flank, while they are
somewhat inside it in the latter. As
MATSUMOTO (1968, p. 144) has alreadypointed out, Eodouvilleiceras badkhyzicum(URMANOVA) closely resembles the halotype of E. horridum (RIEDEL) (1937, pl.
6, figs. 1, 2) in the depressed whorl,
moderate width of umbilicus, and in the
sharpness and density of ribs and tubercles. Thus, the former may fall in thevariation of the latter, even if the minor
difference in number of ribs is taken
into consideration.
Occurrence.-Loc. Hn. 4151, a calcareous concretion in the upper fossiliferous
bed at Matsushima. In addition to thisspecies, Valdedorsella getulina (COQUAND),
Melchiorites yabei (SHIMIZU), Diadochoceras nodosocostatiforme (SHIMIZU), Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi OBATA, Hypophylloceras sp. and Hamites sp. occur inthe same concretion.
Loc. Hn. 4201, a calcareous concretionin the sandstone at Tairajima. In addition to this species, Diadochoceras (?) sp.
and Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi OBATA
occur in the same concretion.
The above localities are in the south-

east ef Omote vill~tge, Shimohei County,
Iwate Prefecture. They are in the upper portion of the lower part of theHiraiga Formation; Uppermost Aptian.
Genus Douvilleiceras GROSSOUVRE, 1893
Type species.-Ammonites mammillatus
SCHLOTHEIM, 1913.
Synonymy.-Trinitoceras SCOTT, 1940.
Diagnosis.- The genus was clearly defined by CASEY (1962, p. 260).
Remarks.-The well-known species,
Douvilleiceras mammillatum (SCHLOTHEIM), has now proved to occur in the
Miyako Group. The beds that yielded
the species are stratigraphically higher
than the Eodouvilleiceras localities, but
no transitional material is available atpresent.
Douvilleiceras mammillatum(SCHLOTHEIM)
Pl. 19, figs. 3, 5.

Synonymy*.1813. Ammonites mammillatus ScHLOTHEIM,
Taschenb. gesam. Miner., 7, Abt. 1, p.
111.
1962. Douvilleiceras mammillatus (ScHLOTHEIM), CAsEY, Palaeont. Soc., vol.
116, no. 499, p. 265, pl. 40, figs. 4, 5 ;pl. 41, figs. 4a, b, 5-7, Sa, b; pl. 42,
figs. 6, 9a, b, lOa, b ; text-figs. 94a-e,·
95a, b, 102a-c.

Material.-A deformed adult specimen,
NSM 7274, from a boulder probably
derived from loc. Hn. 6200 (OBATA andKANEKO coil.). A deformed adult fragment, NSM 7275 from Joe. Hn. 6203
(OBATA coil.). A few young specimensof douvilleiceratids are also examined;. * For a full list of synonymy of D. mammillatum, see CASEY, 1962, p. 265-266, 271,
272.

558.

Douvilleiceratids from the Miyako Groupfor example, NSM 7276 probably derived
from Joe. Hn. 6200 (OBAT A coli.).
Description.- Whorls are fairly or muchdepressed, rather polygonal in section,with maximum breadth at the umbilicalmargin. Umbilicus is moderately wide,
nearly one·third diameter, bounded byhigh, generally smooth and almost vertical wall, which passes into a roundedumbilical shoulder.
Ribs are numerous and closely spaced,counting thirty-two per whorl in NSM
7274 and ten per one-fourth whorl in
NSM 7275. They are straight, almost
radial, and separated by interspaces
nearly as narrow as the ribs. Most of173

them are long, but some are shorter
than the others and terminate justabove the umbilical margin. Ribs arevariable in strength.
Ventral tubercles are subacute, rather
conical, and the distance between eachtwo on the same rib is fairly small.
Umbilical tubercles are small and rather
bullate. Between the ventral and theumbilical tubercles, there are severalrows of lateral tubercles which are small
and mammillary.
Suture lines are incompletely preserved. A suture on the earlier partof the shell is rather simple but withminor incisions of moderate size.

Measurements.Specimen

DiameterUmbilicus

HeightBreadthB/H

NSM 7274
NSM 7274(1/ 4 vol. earlier)

77. 7(1)
48. 6(1)29.3(0.38)
14. 6(0. 30)

26.8(0.34)
23. 0(0. 47)

41. 9(0. 53)
32. 9(0. 68)

1. 53
1. 43

Remarks.-CASEY (1962, p. 265-274) described precisely the character and variation of D. mammillatum. A few specimens from the Miyako Group are referred to this species, although there areminor individual differences.
Comparison.-Of the two named varieties of D. mammillatum described by
CASEY, D. mammillatum var. aequinodum
seems to be closest to the specimensfrom Miyako. In NSM 7274 the ribs
are more closely spaced than those of
the typical form of D. mammillatum.
There are about thirty-two ribs in theformer at 78 mm. in diameter, whereas
twenty-two in the typical specimen, e. g.
BM. C 12491, neotype, at 79 mm in diameter (estimated from CASEY, 1962, pl.
41, fig. 4a, b). Estimating from the preserved adult fragment, NSM 7275, thenumber of ribs seems to be about forty
per whorl at about 90 mm. in diameter.

The lateral tubercles of the two specimens are less prominent than in typical
D. mammillatum. Thus, the Japanese
specimens are closer to D. mammillatum
var. aequinodum which has about thirtyfive ribs at 100 mm. in diameter.
Occurrence.-Loc. Hn. 6200, a muddy,
calcareous fine-grained sandstone at Hiraname on the northeastern coast of
Tanohata village, Shimohei County, Iwate Prefecture. In addition to this species, Calliphy!loceras sp., Phyllopachyceras (?) sp., Valdedorsella sp., Desmoceras sp., Hulenites sp., Pseudoleymeriellasp., Pictetia sp., Ptychoceras sp., andother heteromorph ammonites occur atthe same locality. Caenholectypus peridoneus (NISHIYAMA) is abundant there.
The sandstone is in the upper part of
the Aketo Formation; Lower Albian.
Loc. Hn. 6203, alternation of finegrained muddy sandstone and sandy

174

Ikuwo OBATA

mudstone at Hiraname. The specimen
was obtained from the sandy mudstone.
In addition to this species, Hypophylloceras (?) sp., Melchiorites (?) sp., Hulenites (?) sp., Ptychocera's sp., and otherheteromorph ammonites occur at thesame locality. Hemiaster sp. is abundant. The mudstone is in the uppermost part of the Hiraiga Formation;
Lower Albian.

Concluding Remarks

Summarizing the result I list below
the species of the douvilleiceratids from
the Miyako Group which have been
described above. The stratigraphic position of each ' species is indicated inbrackets.
(1)

(2)

(3)

Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi OBATA sp.
nov. [Upper portion of the lower partof the Hiraiga Formation]
Eodouvilleiceras sp. nov. (?) aff. E.
matsumotoi 0BA TA [Upper portion of
the lower part of the Hiraiga Formation]
Douvilleiceras mammillatum (SCI'ILOTHEIM) [Upper part of the Aketo For-mation ; Uppermost part of the Hiraiga.
For!1fation]

Occurrence of Eodouvilleiceras in theUpper Aptian of Colombia, Russia,
France, California and Venezuela ismentioned by CASEY (1961, p. 191; 1962,
p. 261, 263). In Japan, Eodouvilleiceras
n. sp. (?) aff. E. horridum (RIEDEL) is
reported from the Tomochi Formationof Kyushu (MATSUMOTO et al., 1968).
Thus, Eodouvilleiceras seems to be fairly common in the circum-Pacific region
as well as in Europe and other regions.
Douvilleiceras mammillatum (SCHLOTHEIM) is a well-known species and isregarded as an important index of theupper part of the Lower Albian in
England (CASEY, 1961). The distributionof Douvilleiceras seems to be world-wide
and the occurrence of Douvilleiceras islimited mostly to the Lower Albian except for a few species that survived
into the Middle Albian (CASEY, ·1962, p.
263).
Stratigraphically speaking, the three
species described above came from alimited sequence of the Miyako Group.·
Two species of Eodouvilleiceras occur

Explanation of Plate 18
Figs. 1, 4, 6 . . Eodouvilleiceras sp. nov. (?) aff. E. matsumotoi OBATA.
Fig. 1. NSM 7266, very young specimen, x3. Ventral (a), lateral (b) and frontal (c)views.
Fig. 4. NSM 7262, specimen intermediate between the present species and E. matsumotoi,
x 2. Lateral (a, c) and ventral (b) views.
Fig. 6. NSM 7261, largest specimen, x 2. Lateral (a, b) and ventral (c) views.
Figs. 2, 3, 5. Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi 0BATA, sp. nov·.
Fig. 2. NSM 7264, paratype, x3. Lateral (a, b) views with whitening. Ventral (c),lateral (d, f) and frontal (e) views without whitening.
Fig. 3. NSM 7268, paratype, ;<3. Lateral (a), frontal (b) and ventral (c) views.
Fig . .5. NSM 7272, holotype, ;,.:2 .. Lateral (a, c), frontal (b) and ventral (d) views andcross-section (e).
All photos without whitening unless stated otherwise.
NSM·: Department of Paleontology, National Science Museum, Tokyo.

0 BA TA :Douvilleice1·atids jTom th e Miyalco G1·oup

Plate 18

558.

'In the upper portion of the lower part·Of the Hiraiga Formation, while no spe·cimens of Douvilleiceras have been foundbelow the upper level of the upper part,from which only one specimen has beenoQbtained. In the overlying Aketo Formation, several specimens of Douvillei.ceras have been obtained. This sequence·Of the douvilleiceratid species in the
Miyako Group is interesting. Thus, thewhole Aketo Formation and the uppermost part of the Hiraiga Formation areprobably assigned to the upper part of
the Lower Albian, while the lower partof the latter is assigned to the upper
part of the Upper Aptian.

Bibliography
BAssE, E. (1928) : Quelques Invertebres
Cretaces de Ia Cordillt~re andine. Bull.
Soc. Geol. Fr., (4), 28, pp. 113-147, pls. 7, 8.
BuRCKHARDT, C. (1925): Faunas del Aptiano de Nazas (Durango). Bal. Inst.
Geol. Mexico, 45, 71 pp., 10 pis.
•CAsEY, R. (1961) : The stratigraphical palaeontology of the Lower Greensand.
Palaeontology, 3, (4), pp. 487-621, pis.
77-84.
- - (1961-1964) : A monograph of the Ammonoidea of the Lower Greensand. Palaeontogr. Soc., Part 3 (1961), pp. 119-216,
pls. 26-35; Part 4 (1962), pp. 217-288,
pis. 36-42; Part 5 (1963, issued in 1964
Feb.), pp. 289-398, pis. 43-66.
DouviLLE, R. (1906) : Sur des ammonites
du Cretace Sud-Americain. Ann. Soc.
roy. Zool. et Malac. Belgiqne, 41, pp.
142-155, pis. 1-4.
-GRossouvRE, A. de (1894) : Recherches sur!a Craie superieure. II, Paleontologie.
Les ammonites de !a Craie superieure.
Aketo
Hiraiga
Hiraname
Matsushima
Miyako175.

Douvilleiceratids from the Miyako Gro1tp

nf]

-p

:lf-;l:l:jl-'JZilt I§

tL\
{!!;

iJh
i1

Mbn. Carte geol. det. France (1893), 264pp., 39 pls.
HA:-IAI, T., 0BATA, I. and HAYAMI, I.
(1968): Notes on the Cretaceous Miyake Group. Mem. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo,
1, pp. 20-28, pls. 1-4. (In Japanese withEnglish abstract).
JACOB, C. (1905) : Etude sur les ammonites
et sur !•horizon stratigraphique du gisement de Clansayes. Bull. Soc. geol.
France, (4), 5, pp. 399-432, pls. 12-13.
MATSUMOTO, T., KAN!viERA, K. and SAI<A·:vroTo, H. (1968) : Notes on two Cretaceous Ammonites from the Tomochi
Formation of Kyushu. jap. ]ourn. Geol.
& Geogr., 39, (2-4), pp. 139-148, pl. 2.
OBATA, I. (1967a): Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Miyako Group. Part
1. Valdedorsella from the Miyako Group.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N.S.,
66, pp. 63-72, pl. 8.
- - (1967b) : Lower Cretaceous Ammonites
from the Miyako Group. Part 2. Some
Silesitids from the Miyako Group. Ibid.,
67' pp. 129-138, pl. 11.
PARO:\:A, C.F. and BoKARELLI, E.G. (1897):
Fossili albiani d'Escragnolles, del Nizzardo e della Liguria occidentale. Paleon!. Italica, 2, pp. 53-112, pls. 10-14.
RIEDEL, L. (1937) : Amonitas del cretacicoinferior de Ia Cordillera Oriental. Estudios geol. y paleont. sobre Ia Cordillera
Oriental de Colombia, pt. 2. Depart.
Minas y Petr6l., Min. de Indus. y Trab.
Rep. Colombia, pp. 7-80, pls. 3-14.
UR:\IA:\:OVA, S.K. (1962) : On a speciesof ammonite from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Badkhyz, Turkmenia,
U.S.S.R. Paleont. Zhurnal, 2, pp. 76-79.
(In Russian).
WIEDMANN, J. (1966) : Stammesgeschichte
und System der posttriadischen Ammonoideen II. N. ]b. Geol. Paliiont. Abh.,
127, (1), pp. 13-81, pls. 3-6.
Omoto
ShimoheiTairajimaTanohata
Tomochi

1]'

*

TJ¥JW
:if- Jh
IE!I!Hffi

m m

176

Ikuwo OBATA

Explanation of Plate 19
Fig. 1. Eodouvilleiceras sp. nov. (?) aff. E. matsumotoi OBATA.
NSM 7267, very young specimen, x3. Ventral (a), lateral (b, d) and frontal (c) views_
Fig. 2. Eodouvilleiceras matsumotoi 0BATA, sp. nov.
IGPS 87145, fragmentary specimen, x 2. Ventral view.
Figs. 3, 5. Douvilleiceras mammillatum (SCHLOTHEIM)
Fig. 3. NSM 7274, deformed adult specimen, xl. Lateral (a, b), frontal (c) and ventral;_(d) views.
Fig. 5. NSM 7275, deformed fragmentary specimen, xl. Ventro-lateral view.
Fig. 4. Douvilleiceras (?) sp.
NSM 7276, fragmentary young specimen, x 2. Ventral view.

All photos without whitening. NSM: Department of Paleontology, National Science Museum,.
Tokyo.

IGPS: Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Sendai.

OBATA :laDouvilleiceratids j1·om the Miyako G1·ouplbPlate 19

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 76, pp. 177-184, pl. 20, Dec. 10, 1969

559.

A NEW AMMONITE FROM THE SHIMANTOGAWAGROUP OF SHIKOKU*
T ATSURO MATSUMOTO
Department of Geology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka

and
MOTOME HIRATA
Museum of Geology, Kochi Prefecture

IZ9Giil O)im7J-TJilm~¥ff/t0)7 :/.:C :r 1 H'-lfH): il1Ji?;-nW\ ±itcm~#O) II97J-T1g=iP G $1d: f::)S

Q2:ht-.:: 7 :/-'£:- 7-1 r fi Dipoloceras (Diplasioceras) f:::.}fi; J.__, P,;t?inflliO) c'hc t !KlJI]l:· ~0 ffl~·ltti!~;i; 0 O)l:·, llfrfill c VCITcil&T 0 o (:. 0) 7 :/.:C :T 1 HiiJ<)"C¥~15-2: ht-.:: ±t-4: i!i;JI:
LIJftO) Dipoloceras aff. fredericksburgense c c t f::, Tl}~E!!IF.:;f- 7 11--l!7 :/0) l'j:l)tll~ :if;
To Utf:::.rwliili l- -c. v':b~0~LIJ~ c1it:il5'rHIII'Il'i c O)I'VJlj*f:::.-::>v'"CO)PJ~l§t.J:-WrfR~~cT o~ t-.:: t 0)~~~:: lm7J-rJ IJ}IDO):f{t'fJr!J;{t;lf:::. -::>v'"C, 7 :/.:C :T 1 r O)~til!.i7' G0) ~f1¥~]Zi!""0 o Jlt
mt.J:1t:tJ~)S~ t.-'i'k:<liJfltf:::.tR:1!t 2: nt-= :~¥:1'tJIIiilfh'l • tl~~~ O)Jilff5: 1:::.1~ <?ilt~:~~i"" 00

t1:<fs:~R~·.iflll~f3

strata and for the interpretation of
sedimentary conditions. Therefore endeavour has been paid in searching out
ammonoids.
Since one of us (MATSUMOTO et al.,1952), together with coauthors, described
Cretaceous ammonites from the Shimantogawa Group of Shikoku several moreammonites have been reported from thesame group and its extension. The
hitherto identified species are Aptian
Cheloniceras sp. aff. C. minimum CASEY
and Cheloniceras shimizui NAKAI and
HADA (1966), Middle Albian Dipoloceras
sp. aff. D. fredericksburgense SCOTT(MATSUMOTO et al., 1952), Upper Albian(?) Stoliczkaia japonica (MATSUMOTO,

Introduction
The Shimantogawa Group is distributed extensively in the southern partof the Outer Zone of Southwest japan.
It consists mainly of shale and sandstone in various grades of thickness
and has occasional interbeds or lentils
of· conglomerate, basaltic lava, tuffite,chert and limestone. While trace fossilsof the flysch type are frequently foundin the strata of the group, the megafossils are generally rare. Ammonites
are specially scarce, but they are valuable for the age-determination of the* Received May 8, 1969; read June 15, 1969.

177

178

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Motome HIRATA

1952)* and Neophlycticeras (?) sp. (fragment from Nii, recently found by N.
NON AKA** and identified by T. M.),
Turonian Collignoniceras (Selwynoceras)
sp. nov. (?) (MATSUMOTO et a!., 1966),
Campanian Maorites sp. (undescribed
specimens found by Y. YuASA from Nishi, Jobe, Ehime Prefecture, identified
by T. M.), Maastrichtian Diplomoceras cf.
notabile (WHITEAVES) (listed and illustrated by KATTO, 1961) and Gaudryceras( Vertebrites) kayei (FORBES) (KATTO,
1961 ; Suy ARI et a!., 1967). In addition
several species of Coniacian ammonites
had already been reported (YEHARA,
1924; Y ABE, 1927) from the UwajimaGroup, which is situated in the Shimanto
belt but used to be separated from the
Shimantogawa Group on account of particular litho- and biofacies.
On January 12th, 1969, Messrs Kiyoharu HASEGAWA and Takao SHIOMI
discovered an interesting specimen ofammonit~ from a locality about 10 km
southeast of Sakawa and about 15 km
southwest of Kochi (Fig. 1). They
kindly presented it to one of us (M. H.).
After HIRATA's preliminary study it
was forwarded to the other of us(T. M.). We describe in this paper a
result of our study of the ammonite to.
enrich the available information.
Before going further we wish to thankMr. Masafumi ARITA and Dr. Itaru HAYAMI for their kind help and discussion.
Miss Yuko WADA assisted us in drafting.

* This was identified with Kazanskyellawith a query. It is very close to Stoliczkaia
notha (SEELEY, 1865) (see .SPATH, 1931, p.
335, text-fig. 110; pl. 31, figs. 5, 6, 8, 11 ; pl.
32, fig. 6) but is distinguished by less projection of the ribs on the septate whorl. (T.M.)** I thank Dr. T. KoBAYASHI and Mr. Naoharu NoNAKA who kindly put the specimen.at my disposal. (T.M.) The specimen is now
in the posession of N. NoNAKA in Sakawa.

Palaeontological Description
Superfamily Acanthocerataceae
Family Brancoceratidae SPATH, 1933
Genus Dipoloceras HYATT, 1900
Subgenus Diplasioceras VAN HoEPEN, 1946
Type species.-Diplasioceras fall ax VAN
HOEPEN, 1946.
Remarks.-Diplasioceras was set up by
VAN HOEPEN (1946, p. 203) for a single
species D. fallax VAN HOEPEN (1946, p.
203, figs. 178-181), from the Albian ofSouth Africa. The generic diagnosis
was given as follows : " Keeled ammonites of the Gault. Young forms withrectangular section and with flat flanks.
The young forms have no old mouthedges. There are umbilical tubercles
from where ribs are visible. Olderwhorls with spiral ornament. Ribs on
younger whorls round and nearlystraight. There is no ventral tubercle
on young whorls, but the ventral endsof the ribs are broadened. The ribs oflater whorls are sharp and they projectventrally."
COLLIGNON (1949, p. 23) treated Diplasioceras as a subgenus of Dipoloceras
HYATT, 1900 [type-species Ammonites
cristatus DELUC in BRONGNIART, 1822] anddescribed D. (Diplasioceras) hirtzi CoLLIGNON (1949, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 2, 3; textfig. 7), D. (Diplasioceras) besairiei CoLLIGNON (1949, p. 25, pl. 3, fig. 4; text-fig.
8) and D. (Diplasioceras) sp. aff. fredericksburgense SCOTT (COLLIGNON, 1949,
p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 1 ; pl. 6, fig. 2, text-fig.
9) from the Albian of Madagascar. Subsequently he added one more species, D.
(Diplasioceras) horridum CoLLIGNON (1963,
p. 148, pl. 300, figs. 1298, 1299). According to COLLIGNON (1963) these Madagascar· species occur in the zone of Dipolo-

559.

Ammonite from the Shimantogawa Groupceras cristatum.
In the monograph of the Texas Mojsi·
sovicziinae YouNG (1966) regarded Diplasioceras VAN HOEPEN as a synonym of
Dipoloceras.
I agree with COLLIGNON (1946; 1963)
and WRIGHT (1957) in treating Diplasioceras as a subgenus of Dipoloceras,
accepting the subgeneric diagnosis described in the Treatise.
Dipoloceras (Diplasioceras) tosaense

sp. nov.
Pl. 20, Fig. la-cHolotype.-M. HIRATA Collection No.
7002 (internal mould) and No. 7003 (external mould), now preserved at the Geological Museum in Makino Botanical
Garden, Kochi. No other specimens areavailable.
Specific characters.-As the specimen
is secondarily compressed, the following
measurements show approximate andapparent dimensions (in millimeters) :diameter: 89.0 (1), umbilicus=32.0 (.36),
height= 34.5 (.39), breadth> 13.5 X 2 =27.0 (.30).
The whorl is rather evolute but fairly
rapidly increases its height and accordingly the umbilicus is of moderate width.
The inner whorls are rather compressed,with flat flanks and low and steep umbilical wall. The outer whorl has moreconvex flanks and rounded umbilicalshoulders. The ventral keel is prominent, bordered on either side by asulcus, and on the outer whorl it isbelow the level of the ventrolateral endsof rib.
The ribs begin to appear at about thediameter of 5 mm and are for about awhorl crowded and flattened on themain part of the flank and have umbili-

179

cal bullae and ventrolateral thickening.
Some of them are simple and others
bifurcated.
In the succeeding stage, with diameters from 20 mm to 55 mm, the ribs arerounded, more or less flexuous, numerous and separated by interspaces which
are nearly as narrow as the ribs. Every
second or third rib is more flexuous thanothers, showing a stronger backward
curve on the inner half of the flank andthen a forward curve on the outer half.
It has a bifurcated or intercalated shorterrib in front of it. Every rib has aventrolateral thickening or weak tubercle. Some, if not all, of the long ribs
are somewhat elevated near the umbilical margin, forming umbilical bullae.
On the whorl of this stage the spiralornaments become distinct, crossing theradial ribs.
The succeeding outer whorl is unfortunately deficient in its earlier part, where
only the tendency toward more spacingof the ribs can be discernible. In thelast part of the outer whorl the ribs
are sharply elevated and distinct, being
separated by much wider interspaces.
They are mostly long, only slightly
flexuous or nearly straight, and haveoccasionally intercalated shorter ones.
They are elevated more strongly at theumbilical shoulder and at the ventrolateral edge and remarkably projectedon the venter. Some of the ribs arestronger than others, if not remarkably
flared. The spiral ornaments are distinct
on the ribs but the interspaces are covered with radial lirae. The apertural
margin is more sigmoidal than the ribs.
The sutures, which are imperfectly
exposed, are probably of Dipoloceras
type.
Comparison.-Although a single specimen is available, it is so distinctive thatit can be regarded as representing a new180

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Motome HIRATA

species.
The present species is certainly referred to the subgenus Diplasioceras, because its inner whorls are flat-sided andhave umbilical and weak ventrolateral
tubercles and its outer whorl has convex
flanks and distant, sharply elevated,slightly curved ribs.
In the same respects and in the moderately rapidly growing whorls the present species is similar to Dipoloceras{Diplasioceras) fallax VAN HOEPEN. The
distinction is in that the former has
more flexuous and less crowded ribs on
the whorl of the middle growth-stage
and sharper ribs on the outer whorl
than the latter. The spiral ornament
covers almost the entire length of theribs in the former, but it is discernedon the outer half of the ribs in thelatter.
The present species is less evolute andless widely umbilicate than D. (Diplasioceras) basairiei COLLIGNON and D. (Diplasioceras) hirtzi COLLIGNON. The ribs ofour species are more sigmoidal on the
inner whorls and more strongly projectedon the ventrolateral part than those of
the Madagascar species.
It is interesting to note that the septate shell of the present species is incertain respects similar to the larger
shell of R hytidoceras elegans vAN HOEPEN(1941, p. 64, figs. 14-18) (COLLIGNON, 1963,
p. 150, pl. 301, fig. 1303) of a higher zone,
although the bifurcated or intercalated
ribs occur more frequently in the latter.
The sharply elevated ribs which overhang on the ventral keel on the bodywhorl are diagnostic of the present species. We would not discuss much theavailability of the genus R hytidoceras
VAN HOEPEN, 1941. If it is accepted, as
COLLIGNON does, it is likely to havecaenogenetically derived from such species as Dipoloceras CDiplasioceras) tosa-

ens e.
Occurrence.- The described specimen
came from a layer of greenish darkgrey shale in a formation (called the
Hayama Formation) of shale with intercalated sandstone exposed at No. 1603,
Nakahashi, Azai, Hewa, Tosa-shi, Shikoku (Lat. 33o27'20"N, Long. 133°22'40"£).
Geological Setting
The formation from which the described ammonite came was once referred by KOBA YASH! (1941, p. 394) to the
Nishigawa Series which he regarded as
being synchronous with the Upper jurassic Torinosu Series.
On the grounds of several fossils andother lines of evidence KATTO (1961)
concluded that the formations in thenorthern half of the Shimanto belt of
Kochi Prefecture are assigned to various stages of the Cretaceous. The newly
discovered ammonite locality is within
the area of his Hayama Formation, which
he ascribed to the Gyliakian, i.e. Cenomanian and Turonian. One of the reasons of this correlation may be that heobserved that the Hayama Formation is
younger than the Doganaro Formation,
which, in turn, is referred to the Miyakoan (Aptian and Albian). In addition
to KA TTO'S megafossils, HAY AMI and
KA WASA WA (1967) added more molluscan
species from three localities near Doganaro, which clearly indicate the Miyakoan age of the Doganaro Formation.
However, the bivalvian species havecomparatively long stratigraphic ranges.
Accordingly it is difficult to determineon that evidence alone whether the Doganaro Formation is Aptian and Albian,
Aptian only, Albian only, or otherwise.
On the other hand KATTO's assignment of the Hayama Formation to the
Gyliakian (Cenomanian and Turonian)559.

Fig. 1.

Ammonite from the Shimantogawa Group181

Index map of selected fossil localities of the Shimantogawa Group (hatched).

A: the so-called Hayama and Doganaro Formation (Aptian to Middle Albian),
B: Susaki Formation (Upper Albian and Upper Cretaceous). 1-4: ammonite localities,
1: Azai (here described), 2: Kitayama, 3: Nii, 4: Taru;
5: localities of bivalves near Doganaro, described by HA YA::VII et al., 1967.
B.T.: Butsuzo tectonic line.

is inconsistent with his list of species(KA TTO, 1961, p. 61) in which Dipoloceras
aff. fredericksburgense from Kitayama
is included. This ammonite species evidently indicates an Albian age, probably
upper Middle Albian.
Dipoloceras (Diplasioceras) tosaense,
described above, likewise indicates an
Albian age, probably the same upper
Middle Albian. The two localities are
separated for about 8 km from eachother, but situated approximately on thesame line of the general structural trend(Fig. 1), probably belonging to the same
member of greenish grey shale.
Be that as it may, the ammonite bearing member of the Hayama Formationis certainly of an Albian age, unless theammonites were derived fossils. The
ammonite specimen described in thispaper has the body-whorl and, furthermore, its apertural margin is preserved.
Therefore the possibility of the derived
fossil is denied. It must have been deposited on a muddy submarine bottom

under a quiet condition, without strong
action of erosion and transportation nor
effect of rolling.
According to M. ARIT A's preliminary
observation (personal information kindly
given to one of us [T. M.]) the ammonite bearing greenish grey shale occupies
the upper part of the " Hayama Formation" in this area and is underlain by
the greenish shale of Doganaro whichcontains conglomerate, limestone andfossiliferous layers of 1--IAYAMI and KAw ASAwA (1967). In other words the socalled Hayama Formation and the Doganaro could possibly be parts of one
and the same formation.* We would
agree with ARIT A's interpretation on
the grounds of our excursion to the* If this is confirmed with sufficient evidence, the Hayama Formation would fall inthe synonym of the Doganaro Formation in arevised sense. The Hayama Formation (KAT·
TO, 1961) is a homonym of the Tertiary Hayama Formation of WATANABE (1925) andother authors.

182

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Motome HIRATA

area. In the Doganaro area the memberof sandy siltstone from which the Miyakoan bivalves were obtained contains
lenticular limestone. It resembles themember of sandy siltstone in the Chikanaga area, Ehime Prefecture, which
also contains lenticular limestone near
the ammonite bearing bed. The ammo~
nites of the Chikanaga area, Cheloniceras(Cheloniceras) aff. minimum CASEY and
Cheloniceras (Cheloniceras) shimizui NAKAI and HADA (1966) indicate an Aptian
age. Therefore we are inclined to consider that the Doganaro Formation in
the revised sense (which includes theso-called Hayama) can be ascribed to .
the Miyakoan and that it probably
ranges from Aptian to Middle Albian.
The above is a preliminary remark
which should be examined through moreaccurate geological mapping and additional fossil hunting.
One more remark should be given on
the sedimentary environments of the
Shimantogawa Group. Someone insiststhat it is the deposits of a bathyal
condition of the continental slope, someothers considers a comparatively off
shore and deeper part of a geosyncline
embedded by turbidites, and still others
assume the possibility of a shallower
sea condition. In this paper we would
not dis~uss comprehensively the problem
but try to get information from the described ammonites.
The nectoplanktonic shells of ammonites may be transported by currents tothe places fairly distant from their
original habitats. The solitary and very
scarce occurrence of ammonites in several places of the Shimantogawa Groupmay suggest such a case. However, itcannot be overlooked that the hitherto
described species are mostly those ofornate group, i.e. Hoplitaceae and Acan-

thocerataceae, which are usually common
in the neritic environments. Moreover,the body-whorl is preserved in a majority of the described specimens, and eventhe apertural margin is preserved in thepresent case. Therefore, the ammonite
shells must have been brought from ashallower habitat to the off-shore, muddy bottom without effect of destructive
action.
Cretaceous deposits of more or lessshallower facies are known in the Chichibu belt to the north of the Shimanto.
For some reasons the hitherto identified
ammonite species from the Shimanto belt
are not identical with those of the Chichibu. This is probably due to the incompleteness of the collections. We
should search out more ammonites fromboth belts.
In the so-called Shimanto belt itself
there could be sediments of various environments. In fact the bivalve faunule,consisting of species of Neithea, Plicatula,Amphidonte and Pterotrigonia, from sandy
siltstone near Doganaro, reported by
HAY AMI et al. (1967), probably indicatesthat a neric environment did exist in acertain part of the Shimanto belt. In
the case of the Aptian ammonites from
Chikanaga, western Shikoku, reportedby NAKAI and HADA (1966), the occurrence was not solitary, but a number of
specimens of Cheloniceras were foundfrom a sandy siltstone, although in alimited place. This may also suggest
the existence of a shallower sediments
in at least a part of the Shimanto belt.
The well known fossiliferous Coniacianof the Uwajima Group, again in eastern
Shikoku, may represent another, better
displayed shallower environment within
the Shimanto belt.
To sum up it is keenly needed toanalyse the various kinds of facies inthe stratigraphically subdivided units

559.

Ammonite from the Shimantogawa Groupof the Shimantogawa Group and makeclear their mutual relations as well as
their relations with the better known
facies in the Chichibu belt. This should
be studied from various aspects ofstratigraphy and sedimentology. Am·
monites would play the part of an important aspect.
References Cited
BRONG0:IART, A. (1822): In CuvrER andBRO='IGNIART: Description Geologiquesdes environs de Paris. New ed., viii+428
pp., 16 pls., 2 maps, Paris.
CoLLIGNON, Maurice (1949) : Recherches surles faunes albiennes de Madagascar. v.
L'Albien superieur d'Andranofotsy (Cercle de Manja) avec une notice stratigraphiques par P. HIRTz. Ann. Geol. Serv.
Mines, Madagascar, (19), 1-41, pls. 1-7.
- - (1963) : Atlas des fossiles caracteristiques de Madagascar, (10) (Albien), 1-184,
pls. 241-317.
HAY AMI, ltaru, and KAWASAWA, Keizo (1967):
Some Lower Cretaceous bivalves fromthe Shimantogawa Group of south Shikoku. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan,[N.S.], (67), 73-82, pl. 9.
HoEPEN, E.C.N. VAN (1941): Die gekielde
Ammoniete van die Suid-Afrikaanse
Gault. I. Dipoloceratidae, Cechenoceratidae, Drepanoceratidae. Palaeont. Nav.
Nas. Mus., Bloemfontein, 1, (3), 55-90,
pls. 8-19.
- - (1946) : Die gekielde Ammoniete vandie Suid-Afrikaanse Gault. IV. Cechenoceratidae, Dipoloceratidae, Drepanoceratidae, Asteroceratidae. Ibid., 1, (6), 199260.
HYATT, Alpheus (1900): Cephalopoda. In
ZITTEL: Text-book of Palaeontology, 1stEnglish ed. (EASTMAN), 502-604. London
and New York.
KATTo, Jiro (1961): Shimanto belt.
In
Kochi-ken: Explanatory text of the geology. and mineral resources map of
Kochi Prefecture, 59-90 (in Japanese).

~ KoBAY ASH!,

183

Teiichi (1940) : The Sakawa
orogenic cycle and its bearing on theorigin of the Japanese Islands.
jour.
Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, [2], 5, (7),219-578, pls. 1-4, maps 1-10.
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro, IsHIKAWA, Hideo, and
YAMAKUCHI, Shiro (1966) : A Mesozoic
Ammonite from Amami-Oshima. Trans.
Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, [N.S.J, (62),234-241.
MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro, KrMcRA, Toshio, and
KATTo, Jiro (1952): Discovery of Cretaceous ammonites from the undivided
Mesozoic complex of Shikoku, Japan.
Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., [D], 3,(4), 179-186, pls. 13.
NAKAI, Isao and HADA, Shigeki (1966) : Discovery of Aptian ammonites from the Shimanto terrain, western Shikoku. Trans.
Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, [N.S.J, (62),242-250, pls. 29, 30.
SPATH, L.F. (1931): A monograph of theAmmonoidea of the Gault. Part VIII.
Palaeontgr. Soc., 1929, 313-378, pls. 31-36.
SuYARI, Kazumi, BANDO, Yuji, and OBATA,
Ikuwo (1967) : Discovery of a Cretaceous ammonite from the Shimanto terrain,
eastern Shikoku. jour. Geol. Soc. japan,
73, 535-536 (in Japanese).
WATANABE, Kyukichi (1925) : The base of
the Musashino Group. jour. Geogr. Soc.
Tokyo, 37, 495-501: 584-595 (in Japanese).
WRIGHT, C.W. (1957): In MooRE, R.C.
[ ed.J: Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, L. Mollusca 4, Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea (in part), L362-L437.
YABE, Hisakatsu (1927) : Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Japanese islands.
Sci.
Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., [2], 11, (1),27-100, pls. 3-9.
YEIIARA, Shingo (1924) :On the Izumi
Sandstone Group in the Onogawa basin,
Prov. Bungo and the same group in
Uwajima, Prov. lyo. japan. jour. Geol.
Geogr., 3, (1), 27-40, pls. 2-4.
YouNG, Keith (1966): Texas Mojsisovicziinae(Ammonoidea) and the zonation of theFredericksburg. Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem.,
100, 1-225, pls. 1-38.

184

Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and Motome HIRATA
Azai
Chikanaga
Doganaro
HayamaHew a}6be
Kitayama
Kochi
Nakahashi
Nii

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Nishi
j§
NishigawaJl(
Shimantogawa ll9JJ-t-Jil
Sakawatt;:
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Susaki
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Taru
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~

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Explanation of Plate 20
Fig. 1. Dipoloceras (Diplasioceras) tosaense sp. nov. . .........................•....... p. 179
Holotype from Azai, Hewa, Tosa-shi, Kochi Prefecture. Lateral (a) and ventral (b)views of the internal mould (M.H. No. 7002); lateral view (c) of the external mould(M.H. No. 7003). Natural size.
The· specimens are kept at the Geological Museum, MAKINO Botanical Garden, Kochi.
Kyushu University (1. HAYAMI) photo.

MATSUMOTO and HIRATA: Arnmonite from the Shimantogawa, G1·ouplbPlate 20

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 76, pp. 185-204, pls. 21, 22, Dec. 10, 1969

560.

FOSSIL SPORES AND POLLEN GRAINS FROM THE NEOGENEDEPOSITS IN NOTO PENINSULA, CENTRAL JAPAN-III
A PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PLIOCENE OGINOYAAND LATE MIOCENE HIJIRIKA W A MEMBERS*NORIO FUJI
Institute of Earth Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawan~~=l=,l\',:lifr~:=:*illdt:t:i'JleJ-=f • 11Js- ill; m.:Piifrti!:~i':l-ffiU:: ~l 1 ;1':frl!J:f&Jl!J~JII (ll' C: 9 il':b).J\l1oYtE*»~a~mY"E: il~1t=J::,l\',lc$ 5i1il'T Mrr~=*lcfr~ h "C"' .:oftEJJf!l.:r • rt1)}1c '?v'"C
MJ'E~rr-:>t.::o A,@lf'J:..:CO)~][$!U: L.. "C, fi~~=!=,l\',mlo'tfilc:5i;{ff'T .Q ~l 1 :i'Ji!it1if:JtJJO)~JI lffiU: mJ:ffr
i.!!:1nQJiO)~i':l-lii 0) -tt~ 1c '? "' "C, 6 /ii$iP G0) 6 ~;t:fJHc '? "' "C, 4!!-/\il$tJJX, 1tE~HRO)r1/f<

nX; • ~ft~a)l G:O>IC L.., ~'/ERO)I=j:l;ffrilt1&lt!JO);ffl/.§J\'f • ~ji:ffiti!:l=j:!J!JJO)UJPIII/\ii:O,GO)ft:t:i'JleJ-=f •1t:ff}R~~IU:l:tf!Z~iltL.., 1Jf'i±""C, ~IIIIi · ~i':l-/iiO) :ItHl'tll~.fO) ~-xa~
u"!fuf{II,J-ftiC'?\.-'"CO)~~::rii-:>f.::o· J!:iJ[gJ_IJl~~ffi:f:JE,
jj;j%

:GJ::
J!lj

1i:ffipalaeoclimatic condition and palaeoecological environment under which theHijirikawa Member was deposited, andto make correlation and comparison of
the conditions and environment of theHijirikawa Member with the Wakura,
Tsukada, I'izuka and Entsunagi diatomaceous mudstone Members distributed in
the northern and central parts of Noto
Peninsula.

Introduction
The writer has been studying thefossil pollen grains and spores foundfrom the diatomaceous deposits of Neogene age in the Hokuriku region.
The present article is the third report·On the palynological researches of the
diatomaceous muddy deposits and treats
the spores and pollen grains collectedfrom the Late Miocene Hijirikawa Member distributed in and around Hijirikawa.and Kuwanoin, Shio Town, in the central
part of the Noto Peninsula.
The scope of the research on the
microfossils is the systematic determin.ation of the fossil pollen grains and:spores and the reconstruction of the

Acknowledgements
The writer thanks Professor Kotora
HAT AI of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Tohoku University, Sendai
City, for his advice during the courseof palynological researches and reading
the manuscript. Appreciation is due to
Mr. Mineo Mrs Aw A of the Sakuragaoka
High School, Kanazawa City, for his
suggestions and information on thestratigraphy and collection of the samples for the palynological investigation.

* Received May 24, 1969; read September
22, 1968, at the 100th Meeting of the Palae<mto\ogical Society of Japan held at the
Kanazawa Univenity, Kanazawa; Contribution from the Institute of Earth Science,_ Kanazawa Univenity, New series No. 9.

185

Norio FUJI ··186

Deep gratitude is expressed to Mr.
Koichi NAKAGAWA of the Institute ofEarth Sciences, Faculty Of Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, for
his advice on the Miocene and Pliocene
tectonic movement in the area studied.
Sincere thanks are expressed to Emeritus Professor Dr. W ataru IcHIKAwA andProfessor Yoshio KASENO both of theInstitute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of
Science, Kanazawa University, for theirvaluable suggestions on the diatoms andinformations on the biostratigraphy of
the area . studied.
.
The present· research was supported
by a grant for Scientific Research from .
the Ministry of Education of the Japanese Government.

Outline of the Geology
Many diatomaceous mudstones of Neogene age are widely. distributed in thecentral and northern parts of Noto Peninsula. They are mainly composed ofhomogeneous silty mudstone characterized with the dominance of fossil microorganisms. In the southern part of thepeninsula the diatomaceous deposits are
distributed locally and their rock-facies
are variable, especially around Mt. Hodatsu.
In the area north of Mt. Hodatsu the
Neogene deposits which overlie the Hida
gneiss complex with unconformity aredivisible into seven members in ascending order as follows: the Tsuboike alter-

Table 1. Correlation table of the Neogene diatomaceous deposits distributedin Noto Peninsula, Central Japan. "--": diatomaceous deposits.
Geological
Age

Oil Field in
Jo panHokurlku

Shibikowo

Honyu

Wokimoto

Himi

Hljirikowo -Area

Nakajima- Area

RegionPliocenelllllllllfrlll/111111111~)~~
o;.noyoI

Otokowa

·-·

Suzu
Area

Kojima\I

I

Akaaokl

Kitouro

Late

---·-

111111111111111111111111

I
I

Wokuro-Notojima
Area~"Hljirikawa"

Miocene"Wokuro ..

Funokawo

gl a uc:onlte

Horo':...,

Tonokumo

Onnogowo

Higoshibessho

Middle~g louc:oni te~1'1 do ..

Nona a"Hojuji"

HamadaAkouroShln11u

Miocene

Early Miocene'"l'izuka·•'"Koaoshlo"

Higoshilnnoi

Nlshikurosowo

Kurosedoni

A"r•)K•" k1 r•motod

DoijimoI woineAnomlzunation, Shingu conglomeratic sandstone,
Tonokuma alternation, Hara sandstone,
Hijirikawa mudstone, Oginoya siltstone
and Oginoshima sandstone. These members are conformable with one anotheras shown· in the correlation table (Table1). Each stratigraphical unit is described
below, in ascending order.

Nanahoro'

Anamlzu"r

Yanagida

Anamizu--

The Hid a gneiss complex:
This gneiss
forms the basement the area southwest of
Mt. H6datsu, and is distributed locally. The
rock-facies is mainly biotite hornblendegneiss intercalated with layers of thin crystalline limestone. In the southeastern partof the area studied some light green fluorite
veins, which are N25°E in strike, are distributed locally. The gneiss and Neogene de-560.

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-III

posits are in unconformable or fault contact
and generally have a E-W strike.
--------------------·· unconformity or fault ---------------------The Tsuboike fine-grained sandstone andmudstone alternation Member: The type
locality of this member is the outcrop at
Tsuboike in Hirni City, Toyama Prefecture.
The member consists generally of an alternation of sandstone and mudstone.
Thesandstone is fine-grained and has yielded thelarge foraminifer Myogypsina sp. This member
overlies the Hida Gneiss Group with unconformity and is overlain conformably by the
Shingu conglomerate and sandstone Member.
conformity
The Shingu conglomerate and sandstone
Member: This unit is distributed in thenorthern and southern parts of the surveyed
area. It is overlain with conformity by the
Tonokurna sandstone and mudstone alternation Member. The Shingu Member consistsof conglomerate and sandstoi:J.e, and the conglomerate is composed of angular andjor
subangular pebbles derived from the Hida
Metamorphic Group distributed in and around
Mt. Hodatsu. The sandstone is a very
coarse-grained quartzose sandstone intercalated with many carbonaceous layers.
The upper part of the member generallyshows typical graded bedding, and one unitof a graded bed is generally composed of
granule andjor pebbles at the base and of
mudstone at the top.
The thickness is about 600 meters in thesouthern part of the area of distribution .
. The stratigraphical relation between thismember and the basement rocks is a fault,
and a conformity with the Tsuboike or Tonokurna Members. The member interfingers
with the Tsuchikura sandstone, Shoshigaharasandstone and mudstone alternation and
Akage hard shale Members.
---·- interfingering with the Shingu Member···--·The Akage hard shale Member: This member consists of a black or dark gray very
hard tuffaceous (?) shale, alternating with acoarse-grained sandstone and hard shale in
the lower part; remarkable banded structure
is seen in part.
conformity

187

The Tonokuma alternation Member: Thismember is distributed at Tonokurna, Shoshigahara and Oitani, Shio Town, Hakui-gun.
The lower part of the member is an alternation of bluish grayish green tuffaceous.
fine-grained sandstone and mudstone, showing graded bedding in a part; two or threelayers of pumiceous tuff are contained in
the middle part which consists of sandstone,.
and the upper part is an alternation ofgreenish gray fine-grained sandstone andhard mudstone.
The member yielded many marine molluscan fossils as Acila divaricats (HINDs),.
Cardium sp., Clinocardium sp., Chlamys crassivenia (YoKOYAMA), Cuspidaria sp., Dentalium yokoyamai (MAKIYAMA), Diplodonta sp.,.
Lucinoma annulata (REEVE), Macoma sp.,.
Natica sp., Venericardia sp., Volsella sp.
(found from the upper part of the member),and plant fossils as Fagus sp., Ficus sp.,.
Salix sp. (from the lower part).
The member is about 450 meters in thickness at Shoshigahara in the eastern part ofthe surveyed area and 40 to 70 meters at.
Hijirikawa, the western part.
conformity - - - - - - The Hara sandstone Member: This member has been studied by M. MisAwA (1960),
and is distributed at Hara, Shingu, Hiradoko,
Ebisaka, Ichinoshirna and Iwabuchi of Shio
Town. The rock-facies is a light green or
bluish gray fine- to medium-grained sandstone intercalated with some thin carbonaceous layers which bear bodly preserved plant.
remains.
The member is about 130 meters in thickness at Shoshigahara in .the eastern part, 6()
meters at Hijirikawa in the western part,and thins out in the northern part of thearea studied.
conformity
The Hijirikawa mudstone Member: The
member is distributed widely on the western and eastern sides of the boundary between Toyama and Ishikawa prefectures.
Its lower part is a fissile mudstone and upper
part consists of a massive diatomaceous
mudstone, and there is a very thin mediumto fine-grained tuff layer (ca. 20 ern.) in the188

Norio FUJI

middle horizon. The member is characterized in the western area of the prefectural
boundary by its northern part being of a
massive mudstone whereas the southern partis an alternation of bluish green coarse- tomedium-grained sandstone and mudstone.
The megafossils are rare in the member,that is, the shaly mudstone of lower horizonof the member yielded only Lucinoma concentrica HIRAYAMA. Microfossils such as.diatoms, sponge spicules, smaller foraminifers (Martinottiella communis and Textulariaspp.) are common. The member is about
700 meters thick.
conformity - - - - - The Oginoya siltstone Member: The member is distributed locally in the northernpart of the area drawn in the geologicalmap. The maximum thickness is about 150
meters. The rock-facies is a homogeneous
bluish gray very fine-grained sandstone andsiltstone. Below the lower limit of themember, there is an intercalation of finegrained tuff of 20 em or more in thickness.
The member has yielded many foraminiferal
fossils as Elphidium advenum, Eponides spp.,
and also molluscs, diatoms and sponge
spicules.
conformity - - - - - The Oginoshima sandstone Member: Thismember is distributed in the northwesternside of the foot of the hilly mountains in
the area studied. The rock-facies is a yellowish brown fine- to medium-grained sandstone in part. The ·member is 60 to 75
meters in thickness.

The area studied is characterized bymany parallel faults extending east to
west in general. Consequently, the Neogene members of this area are displaced
and partly overturned as verified by thegraded bedding. The fault zone developed through successive stages of the upheaval movement of the H6datsu mountain block. Intimately related therewith
is the development of the Tsuboike andShingu dome structures. MISAW A (1960)
pointed out that during this stage, named

the Oginoya-Oginoshima stage, when themembers were deposited a remarkablechange in the environmental conditions
took place, and this probably indicateda new phase of transgression. NAKA·
GAWA (1968) studied the minor faults in
the Miocene members exposed in thisarea and concluded that they were developed either during or immediately
after the deposition of the Shingu
Member.
Palynological Research(1) Foreword
As already stated different kinds ofdiatomaceous deposits occur in Noto
Peninsula, and they have yielded abundant microfossils as diatoms, flagellates,
pollen grains and spores. The several
papers published on the deposits wereconcentrated to stratigraphical investigations, and no literature has appeared
concerning the fossil pollen grains andspores until comparatively recently. The
writer has been studying the Neogene
system, especially the diatomaceous deposits, and the two previous works (FUJI,
1969a and 1969b) have summarized thepalynology of the Miocene Wakura and
Yamatoda Members, and the present
paper is the third report.
The purpose of the present study is
to interpret the significance of the pollen grains and spores from the samples
collected from the Late Miocene Hijiri. kawa Member, mainly in terms of palaeoclimaticconditionand palaeogeographical environment. These records
are based on the reconstructions gainedby the writer during his about ten years
palynological researches.
(2) Sam?ling
The samples analysed in the investigation were collected by the writer and560.

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-III

Mr. Mineo MISAWA, a student of ourUniversity, in the summer season of1959 and 1960. The sampling localities
and stratigraphical horizons of the samples are shown respectively in Figs. 1
and 2. These samples are from theupper part of the Hijirikawa and thelower part of the Oginoya Members andthe western slope of the Shingu domeon the northern side of Mt. Hodatsu.
(3) Preparation of Materials and Methodof Study
The preparation of the materials andmethod of study for the previous present palynological investigation are thesame as described in the papers (FUJI,

189

1969a and 1969b).
All of the slides containing the specimens registered in the present research
are deposited in the collection of theInstitute of Earth Science, Faculty of
Education, Kanazawa University (register abbreviation: EKZJ), Kanazawa City,
japan.
(4) Description of the Pollen Grain andSpore Assemblages(a) General Statement
A living flora is composed of the species which are adapted to the physical condition and biological phenomena
which constitute the environment. But
the fossil assemblage of any locality

10
II

12
13
14
15
16

17
18

37.,.

~

"""'._~(._;•KAM.UAWA

137 E

Fig. 1. Geological map of the Hijirikawa area, the southern part of Noto Peninsula,
Central Japan (Compiled by N. FuJI , 1968; after M. MrsAWA, 1960 MS; N. Fu;r, 1963 MS;
K. NAKAGAWA, 1968 MS). 1: Holocene deposits, 2: Pleistocene deposits, 3: Oginoshima
Member, 4: Oginoya M., 5: Yamazaki mollusc-bearing bed, 6: Hijirikawa M., 7: Hara M., 8:
Tonokuma M., 9: Shoshigahara M., 10: Akage M., 11: Tsuchikura M., 12: Shingu M., 13:
Tsuboike M., 14: Hida Gneiss Group, 15: fault, 16: anticline, 17: dome structure, 18: sampling
localities.

190

Norio FUJI

thin fine- grainedTuffsample 5

sample 4
dark

bluish graymassivemudstonesample 3

sample 2thin bluish grayfine- g r a i ned

Tuff

sampledark

gray massive harda I tern at ianofso n d s Ion e

mudstoneandmuds t 0 n e

I

a

-;:;
_s::.

~--'--'-·.~···~··-sandstoneI

35 metesFig. 2.

Columnar section showing thehorizons of the samples.

may be the total accumulation
composed of a biocoenosis and/or a thanatocoenosis. Therefore, it is necessary to makean analysis of the fossil composition from the viewpoint of
the presence or absence, abundancy and distribution of every
climatic element to know thepalaeoclimatic condition andpalaeogeographical environment at the time of deposition.
(b) Stratigraphical
Relations of the Samples
The localities of the samples studied are distributedin the present field. The
stratigraphical position ofthese samples can be illustrated as a columnar section
and for the sake of convenience are called horizonsin this study. Here, the termhorizon is used to denote thesame or nearly same stratigraphic pos1t10n or levelwithin the stratigraphic unit.
The samples analysed in
the present study can beclassified into the six horizons shown in the columnar
section (Fig. 2).
(c) Description of the assemblages
The assemblages of the fossil spores and pollen grains
found from the six samples
are shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5
and 6.
Sample 1:
The mixed sample is froman outcrop of Locality No. 1(Fig. 1), where is situated atabout 2,000 meters southeastof the Shikinami Station of

560.

---

HO;i-zon-':--'---~-i Spores ond~ens
Pinus

Abies
Pic.eo===----........
.
=-I~--------- -- -- -- - ..- -- ••=~ - - -- -- •-.
-• I~ - --__1_____ -~-·----~--~-

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Ke te/eeria

Tsuga
Pseudclsugo
Podocorpus
sp~,

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Salix
QuercusQuercus

I

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sp_2

Ulmus

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I d.)

I

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•

Alnus
Jug tonsI

Cary/usCastaneaI
I

Cor yozelkovo'

L iquido m bar

Nyssa

I

I
I
I

~

Acer
Ore h idaceae
Nymphoeace:Je
Gramineae

.

I

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Persico rio

U,.,,.;,.

•

I

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ill

I

-

Osmund a

Lycopodium

Monopor ispo rites
nopertisporifes

Oyodosporites
Pteu ric el/oespo rl fe s

Potyodosporiles
-----

r--

I

~-

i

Fig. 3.

I

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I

Gleichenia

I

I
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I

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I

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r~o;_~ ~~'6·$ $f1Jt~r/}1-~~ -~- :;-~['"'~"ulill------

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Fagus
Fagus

191

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Nato-III

I
I

•
I

I
I

••

•••

____1--

••

I

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•

~

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Pollen diagram (1) of the Hijirikawa and Oginoya
Members. Numbers refer to Figs. 1 and 2.

the Japanese National Nanao Railway.and about 1,250 meters southwest ofHijirikawa. It belongs to the upperhorizon of the lower part of the Hijirikawa
Member.
This sample yielded; Gymnosperm·eight genera; Dicotyledon-ten genera
and four subgenera; Monocotyledonthree families and one genus; two in·determinable pollen grains, and spores·
six genera. Among them, Metasequoia is:abundant, showing the highest concent·ration (11.5 per cent) in this composite·sample. The Genus Quercus is classified into two types, one is of large sizeand other of small size, based on the·diameter of the pollen grain, and the
1atter belongs to the evergreen type.
Pinus and Liquidambar are frequent,:amounting to more than abo.ut 7 per~ent.
Deciduous Quercus, Nyssa andTsuga are common, ranging from 4 to
6 per cent. Gymnosperm total 36 per
cent, Dicotyledon, Monocotyledon andPteridophyta are 48 per cent, 4 per centand 8 per cent respectively.
As shown in some text-figures andtables, plants having different havitats
are distinguished among the treatedcomposite sample.
The plants which are distributed in
the cold climatic region are denoted by"A" in Fig. 4, and are Larix, Abies,
Fagus and Betula. Keteleeria, Pseudotsuga, Metasequoia, Cunninghamia, Glyptostrobus, and Taiwania, the evergreen
Quercus and Liquidambar are the representative plants of a warm temperateand subtropical region as denoted by"B" .i.n .Fig. 4.
P.inus, Tsuga, andTaxodiaceae without the warm elemen~sabove-mentioned, and the deciduous·

192

Norio FUJI
of the warmer type denoted by " B "and the cool temperate type "C" arerespectively 38 per cent and 56 per cent.
The frequency of the spores which
certainly belongs to Pteridophyta is ashigh as that of a ordinary marine deposit, ranging from 8 per cent to 10 per
cent. The frequency of the plants distributed widely in the warm temperateand subtropical region and found in the

Quercus, Zelkova.. Ulmus, Salix, Acer,
juglans, Castanea, Tilia, and Jlex are
the representative plants of the temperate to cool temperate region as forexample the Hokuriku region. They
are denoted by "C" in Fig. 4. According to the present analysis, the plants
belonging to the element "A" appear
with a very low frequency of 6 per centof the total. On the contrary, the plants
A

/

.l\

\

I

'

IX

50%
kX

l

a

bX

B

50%

Fig. 4. Pollen diagram (2) : Triangular diagram showing the relationship between coldand cool climatic, temperate climatic and warm climatic elements found from several samplesof the Hijirikawa and Oginoya Members. Numbers refer to Figs. 1 and 2. a: Yamatoda
Member, b: Sunagozaka M., e: Hojuji M., f: !'ida M., g: Wakura M., i: Nakayama-toge M.,
k: Takakubo M., 1: Omma M., 1-5: Hijirikawa M., 6: Oginoya M., m: the present depositsof H6jozu-gata Lagoon, Toyama Prefecture.

560.

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-III

193

above the fossil pollen grains and spores
can be classified into upland, mixedslope and stream-side elements, occupying 16 per cent and 27 per cent, respectively.

()"to100"/oFig. 5. Pollen diagram (3): Quadrilateral diagram showing the palaeoclimaticcondition and palaeogeographical environment during the sedimentation of the Hijirikawa and Oginoya Members. a: Yamatoda
Member, b: Sunagozaka M., c: Higashi•in•nai M., d: Najimi M., e: Hojuji M.,
i: !'ida M., g: Wakura M., h: l'izuka M.,
i: Nakayama-toge M., j : Hijirikawa M.,
k : Takakubo M., 1: Omma M., 1-5 : Hijirikawa M., 6: Oginoya M.

fossil flora shows the highest ratio.among the treated samples, and this isa characteristic feature of the flora.
To facilitate considerations on theecological environments under which·some ancient plants lived, their modern·equivalents are grouped into four
habitats, namely, upland, mixed-slope,
stream-side or riparian, and lake ormarshy elements. From the viewpointof the significant statistics mentioned

Sample 2:
The composite sample from Locality
No. 2, situated at about 1,500 meters
southwest of Hijirikawa, was examined
for the present study. Locality No. 2
belongs to the lowermost horizon of theupper part of the Hijirikawa Member.
The composite sample yielded, Gymnosperm-nine genera (45 per cent);
Dicotyledon-ten genera and four subgenera (37.5 per cent) ; Monocotyledonthree families and one genus (2.5 percent); spore-nine genera (13 per cent).
Among these taxa, Pinus is abundant
and amounts to 12 per cent of the totalfrequency, being the highest in thesample. The fossil pollen grain ofMetasequoia totals 11 per cent. Evergreen Quercus, Keteleeria and Liquidambar are frequent, being respectively 9
per cent, 7 per cent and 7 per cent of
the total frequency. All of these genera
which are representative plants of a
warmer temperate and subtropicalregions, are denoted by the component"B ", amounting to 35 per cent. The
cooler temperate plants denoted by "C"reach 62 per cent of the total. Whereas
the other elements amount to only 3
per cent. Deciduous Quercus is common,
reaching 5 per cent of the total.
On the other hand, with respect tothe palaeoecological environment, theupland, mixed-slope and stream-side
elements are respectively 15 per cent,
60 per cent and 25 per cent of the totalfrequency.
Sample 3:
This sample is from an outcrop of

No·rio FUll

194

----

1001

·-

.

.

/

1

10~

----------~----,--·- -·.
\/~I___ o /

if

~g.

~

-..------r-----,.

if

i [
c;·

~

~

"'

~---

~>

lower

~

upper

0

~

•

U .

~

o

tAP,+

~

•

M

.o.

S

tNAP

Fig. 6. Pollen diagram (4) showing the relationship between cold and cool climatic, temperate climatic, warm climatic, upland, mixed-slope and riparian elements found from severaL
samples of the Hijirikawa and Oginoya Members.

Locality No.3 (Fig. 1), situated at about
1,300 meters south of Oginoya. Fromsample 3, which occupies stratigraphically the lower horizon of the upper partof the Hijirikawa Member, Metasequoia
is found in 11 per cent of the total frequency. Keteleeria, deciduous Quercus,
Fagus sp. 2, evergreen Quercus, Pinus,
Liquidambar and Nyssa are common,
ranging from 4 per cent to 6 per cent.
The element "A" amounts to 8.5 per
cent, element "B" to 31 per cent, andelement "C" to 60.5 per cent.
This sample yielded, Gymnosperm-nine
genera (43 per cent of the total); Dicotyledon-14 genera and four subgenera(44 per cent); Monocotyledon-three families and one genus (8 per cent); sporeonly two genera, namely, Lycoposium

and Polyadosporites (4 per cent).
And from the viewpoint of the palaeoecological environment, the upland,.
mixed-slope and stream-side elements
amount to 13 per cent, 60 per cent and_27 per cent respectively.

Sample 4:
Sample 4 belongs stratigraphically to·
the middle horizon of the upper part of
the Hijirikawa Member, and was collected from an outcrop of Locality No ..
4, situated at about 1,300 meters east of
the Shikinami Station of the japanese
National Nanao Railway.
From this.
composite sam~le, Pinus, Abies andMetasequoia belonging to the Gymnosperm (eight genera and one family}
were found, they amount about 48 per

560.

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-III

cent; Dicotyledon-11 genera and four
subgenera (30.5 per cent); Monocotyledonthree genera (4 per cent); and two indeterminable pollen grains.
Amongthem, Pinus is very abundant, reaching
15 per cent of the total frequency. Its
frequency shows the highest concentration in this mixed sample. Abies belonging to one of the plants of a cooler
or cold region, is abundant, amounting
to 13 per cent of the total frequency.
Metaequoia is frequent, being 8 per cent.
Tsuga, Taxodiaceae without warm elements, Fagus sp. 2, Tilia and Pleuricellaesporites are common, ranging from, 4
per cent to 6 per cent. The component"A", " B" and "C" are respectively 14
per cent, 13 per cent and 73 per cent of
the total. The plants denoted by "C"
which are distributed widely in the present cool temperate zone gradually increase in comparison to others as shownin Fig. 3, and on the other hand thewarm elements denoted by " B " gradually decrease.
The plants growing in the upland environment amount to 28 per cent of
the total frequency, and the mixed-slope
and stream-side elements are 51 per centand 21 per cent respectively.
Sample 5:
The composite sample from Locality
No. 5, situated at about 1,500 meters
south of Oginoshima, occupies stratigraphically the uppermost horizon of
the Hijirikawa Member. In the sample,
Abies is a very abundant, its frequency
being 16 per cent. Pinus and deciduous
Quercus are abundant, and Liquidambar
and Podocarpus are frequent, and theother genera are common. Gymnosperm,
Dicotyledon, Monocotyledon and sporesare respectively 38 per cent, 38.5 per
cent, 10 per cent and 11.5 per cent. The
A, B and C elements amount to 13 per

195

cent, 25 per cent and 62 per cent respectively. The upland, mixed-slope andriparian plants are respectively 16 per
cent, 64 per cent and 20 per cent of thetotal frequency.
Sample 6:
As shown in Fig. 1, the mixed sample
was collected from Locality No. 6, atabout 1,300 meters east of the Shikinami
Station. The sample belongs to thelowermost horizon of the Early Pliocene
Oginoya Member. From the composite
sample, Metasequoia, Abies and Pinus
are abundant in frequency, amounting
to 13 per cent, 12 per cent and 11 percent respectively, namely, the pollen
flora of this horizon is represented. By
Metasequoia and Abies. Tsuga and Fagus
sp. 2 are frequent, and the others arecommon.
Gymnosperm, Dicotyledon,
Monocotyledon and spores are 52.5 per
cent, 37.3 per cent and 7.5 per cent respectively. The A, B and C components
amount to 19 per cent, 30 per cent and51 per cent respectively.
It is noteworthy that the pollen grainsof Liquidambar are found from thishorizon of the Early Pliocene Oginoya
Member.
The upland, mixed-slope and streamside elements are respectively 21 per
cent, 55 per cent and 24 per cent.
(5) Discussion
A general interpretation is made of
the physical conditions prevailing during
the growth of the sedimentary basin inwhich the flora was found on the basisof an analysis of the fossil spores andpollen grains. In this section, the writer
will be given a discussions on the palaeoclimatic condition, palaeogeographicalenvironment and geological age of thestratigraphical units based upon thepalynological and field researches.

196

Norio FUJI(a) Palaeoclimatic Condition
From the analysis of the pollen grain
and spore assemblages, that is to say,on the basis of the association of their
dominant genera and/or species . thegeneral characters of the palaeoclimaticcondition can be presented. The methods
for analysing the assemblages forpalaeoclim3.tic interpretation have been
proposed by ERDTMAN (1954), FAEGRI
and IvERSEN (1963) and the writer (FUJI,
1969a and 1969b).
According to the writer's investigation, as shown in the triangular diagram(Fig. 4), quadrilateral diagram (Fig. 5),
the warm and subtropical plants denotedby " B " in Fig. 4 such as Liquidambar
and Metasequoia found from the Hijirikawa and Oginoya Members are muchless than those from the Yamatoda andSunagozaka Members which corresponded to the Daijima age of the Middle
Miocene Epoch in number of specimens,
namely the latter contains from 61 percent to 85 per cent of the total frequency,
and the former only 30 per cent to 50
per cent. This result is closely similar to the analytical result on the fossil
pollen assemblage from the Hojuji andl'ida diatomaceous mudstone Members(FUJI, 1966) which are situated in thenorthern part of Noto Peninsula. However, with respect to the cool and coldelements found in the pollen-floras as
the Wakura and Yamatoda floras, theTable 2.

elements from the Hijirikawa Member
amount to 10 per cent to 24 per cent of
the total frequency, though the elements
found in the Oginoya Member is 20 per
cent of the total frequency.
With respect to the relative frequencyof the warm temperate and subtropicalclimatic elements found throughout theHijirikawa Member, it can be said thathigher the horizon is, the lower thefrequency becomes. On the other hand,
it is important and interesting that thehigher the 'horizon is, the higher thefrequency of the cool and/or cold elements becomes.
Comparison between the fossil plants
and the living equivalents whose climatic requirements are known is frequently used for climatic analysis of a
fossil flora. Where the modern relationships are known definitely, this method
is probably useful for accurate information. The Neogene species are comparatively modernized in morphologicalfeatures, so it is not difficult to comparethem with their living equivalents withsome exceptions. The genera composing
the Neogene floras in the japaneseIslands are mostly distributed now in
East Asia, and nearly all of the temperate Dicotyledons genera in the fossil
flora are now growing in the japaneseIslands. And exotic genera are sometimes common in the fossil flora. The
exotic coniferous genera as .Metasequoia,

Modern equivalents of the fossil microplants from the Hijirikawa
and Oginoya Members and their modern distribution.

Modern Distribution
1: Saghalien and Kurile Is., 2: Hokkaido, 3: Northern Honshu, 4:Central HonshU, 5: Southwestern Honshu, 6: Kyushu and Shikoku,
7: Formosa and Loochoo Is., 8: Korea, 9: North China, 10: Central
China, 11: Southeastern China, 12: Southwestern China, 13: Manchuria and Primorskaya Prov.
HabitatU: upland, M: mixed-slope, R: riparian and stream-sideFossil microplants
Pinus
Abies
Pice aKeteleeria
Tsuga
Pseudotsuga
Podocarpus
Taxodiaceae

Fagus
Ulmus
Salix
Quercus (evergreen)
Quercus (deciduous)
Alnus
juglansCorylusCastanea
Cary aZelkova
Tilia
Liquidambar
Nyssa
!lex
Acer

;----·

Table 2.

Near fossil macroplants

Modern equivalentmacroplants

P. palaeopentaphylla
A. protofirma
P. kaneharai
P. jessoensis
P. koribai
K. ezoana
T. aburaensis
T. miocenica
P. ezoana

P. parvijlora
A. firma
P. polita
P. jessoensis
P. excelsa
K. davidiana
T. diversifolia
T. longibracteata
P. japonica

Cun. protokonishii
Gly. europaeus
Met. occidentalis
Seq. a(finisTai. japonica
Tax. dubium
F. palaeocrenata
F. protojaponica
U. protojaponica
U. protolaciniata
U. subparvifolia
S. k-suzukii
Q. protosalicina
Q. miocrispula
Q. protodentata(.J. protoserrata
A. miojaponica
A. protohirsuta
A. protomaximowicziana]. nipponica

C. konishii
G. pensilis
M. glyptostroboides
S. sempervirens
T. cryptomeroides
T. distichum
F. crenata
F. serrata
U. japonica
U. laciniata
U. parvifolia
S. jessoensis
Q. salicina
Q. crispula
Q. dentata
Q. serrata
A. japonica
A. hirsuta
A. maximowicziana]. ailanthifolia

C. miocrenata
C. miocathayensis
ungeriT. distans
T. miohenryana
T. protojaponica' L. mioformosanaz.

I. cornuta
A. nordenski ldi
A. palaeodiabolicum
A. palaeorufinerve· A. protojaponicum
I A. protosieboldianum
A. prototrifidium
A. Pseudoca;Pinifolium
A. submayn
A. subpictum

C. crenata
C. cathayensis
Z. serrata
T. amuraensis
T. henryana
T. japonica
L. formosana-Ill .
1

IX

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lxlx!

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X. X

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X I X

R
M
M
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M-R

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M-R

X
X

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~

R
MMU

X

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~

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<:J-,

R
M
M

X

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u
u

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xlx

xlx

X

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x.

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palmatum' A. diabolicum
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I A. trifidium[ A. carpinifolium
1 A. mono
1 A. mono

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1131141Habitat
2 I 3 ' 4 I 5
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~--~·--;-~~~~~--~-~-----~-u-

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198

Norio FUJI

Glyptostrobus, Sequoia, Pseudolarix and
Keteleeria are found throughout the
Neogene floras of the Japanese Islands,
and they are now mostly living in China,
and some of them are known in thewestern part of North America.
The nearest living equivalents of thepollen-floras from the Hijirikawa Member and their modern distribution in
East Asia are shown in Table 2.
According to this table, the Hijirikawa
and Oginoya pollen-floras consist mainlyof the temperate genera with some warm
clim3.tic elements. The dominant genera
among the temperate flora are Alnus,
Fagus, Castanea, Quercus, Ulmus, Zelkova,
Acer and Tilia. Their modern equivalent
species are mostly distributed in theJapanese Islands proper, especially inthe northern part of Honshu and Hokkaid6. Further, the pollen-floras fromthe Hijirikawa and Oginoya Members
sometimes contain many exotic conifers
such as Metasequoia (or Cunninghamia,
Taiwania, Glyptostrobus) and Liquidambarof the Dicotyledons, though the exotic
conifers are not abundant in number of
specimens and are rather relicts whichsurvived from the previous Middle Miocene Epoch. Thus, according to thewriter's research, the pollen floras fromthe Hijirikawa and Oginoya Members
are composed of mixed temperate andwarm elements in floristic compositionas already described in the previous
part of this work.
From the viewpoint of leaf character
analysis reported on the Late Miocene
floras from various localities in theJapanese Islands, these pollen floras are
related to the present temperate or
somewhat warm temperate forest now
growing in the central and southernparts of the Japanese Islands, and they
seem to have grown under a warm
temperate climatic condition. However,

the reduction of warm and subtropicalplants evidently indicates that the temperature had lowered in comparison withthat of the Middle Miocene Yamatoda
and Sunagozaka Members.
The Oginoya pollen-flora somewhat
resembles the forest now growing in
the central or northern parts of theJapanese Islands. The floristic composition of the fossil floras of this stage,
Early Pliocene, varies by the localities,
so that the climate at that time shows
local difference. The predominance ofbeech, deciduous oak, elm, birch foundfrom this flora, provide a basis for concluding that the climate during the
Early Pliocene was temperate or rather
cooler temperate in most regions of
the Noto Peninsula. Furthermore, thispollen-flora has comparatively abundantconiferous trees, and the fact probably
indicates that the climatic conditions
were rather humid and the temperature
not so high during the summer season.
On the other hand, several warm climate
elements as Liquidambar, Cinnamomumand Metasequoia are considered to havebeen able to overwinter in the lowland
area.
Thus, from the Yamatoda or Sunagozaka (FUJI, 1969b) to the Oginoya pollenflora the Neogene pollen-floras of the
Hokuriku region seem to have graduallychanged in their vegetation being first
represented by lowland elements thatchanged to a flora represented by mountain elements without any considerable
change of generic association. This may
not be due to the elevation of the depositional site, but rather to the increased
cooling and aridity of the climatic condition. In consequence of the loweringof the temperature during the Hijirikawa stage, the warm temperate or
subtropical plants had gradually migrated to the lowland southern region of

560.

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-III

East Asia, whereas, on the other hand,
the mountain cool temperate elements
seem to have become dominant throughout the japanese Islands during the
Pliocene Epoch according to the present
writer's and the other palaeobotanist'sstudies.
(b) Palaeogeographical Environment
In order to facilitate the considerations
on the probable palaeogeographical environments under which some ancientplants lived, the modern equivalents ofthe fossil species can be grouped according to their habitats into four typesof upland, mixed-slope, stream-side or
riparian, and lake or marshy elements.
The Hijirikawa and ,Oginoya pollenfloras are in number of specimens mainlycomposed of mixed-slope or mixed-slope-riparian plants, and also contain upland-mixed-slope plants abundantly.
That is, these floras seem to represent
a mixed-slope to riparian forest. For
instance, in the assemblage from theHijirikawa Member the mixed-slope
plants amount to 60 per cent of thetotal frequency, the stream-side and/or
riparian elements 23 per cent and theremainder belong to the upland elements,
and with respect to the Oginoya Member
they are respectively 56 per cent, 34 percent and 10 per cent.
On the other hand, judging from thepalynological results, the lithofacies,
poor contents of planktonic foraminifers,
fossil diatom assemblages and diversity
in the thickness of the deposits, the sea
under which the Hijirikawa Metnber was
deposited during the Late Miocene seems
to have been a strait in the Hakui-Hijirikawa area in the southern part of theNoto Peninsula, though the palaeogeographical environment in the WakuraNotojima area of the central part ofNoto Peninsula was a closed embayment
probably connected with the lagoon

199

during that age. The palaeogeographical environment during the Late Miocene Epoch is shown in the palaeogeographical map in Fig. 7.
The frequency of grass-pollen grains
and spores, which are denoted by X NAP
in Fig. 6, has been generally concluded
to be related to the geographical environments. Accordingly, such presumption
on the marine terrain is supported bythat the frequency of the grass-pollen
grains and spores is about 15 per centin the Hijirikawa Member and 6 percent in the Oginoya Member, though
the non-arboreal pollen grains and sporesfound from the Wakura and I'izuka
Members range from 36 per cent to 50
per cent and from 46 per cent to 52 percent respectively. Namely, as shown in
the palynological data mentioned above,these data suggest that the sedimentarybasin where the non-arboreal pollen
grains and spores are abundant in a
relative frequency was situated near aland and also was a more or less closed
embayment.

I

I

!

I

__ j

Fig. 7. The palaeogeographical map
during the sedimentation of the Hijirikawa
Member (the Otokawa stage of Late
Miocene age) (After Y. KAsENO, 1963).

200

Norio FUJI(c) Geological Age
The correlation and age determinationof the Neogene floras have been fre·quently done by the use of several.characteristic fossils and assemblages in
the japanese Islands. On the basis of
the researches which have been done by
H. y ABE, E. KON'NO, s. ENDO, s. OISHI,K. HuzroKA, H. MATsuo, K. SuzuKI, T.
T ANAl, and many other palaeo botanists,
T ANAl classified the Neogene floras ofjapan into six types, considering thefloristic composition and components,
and with the geological ages indicatedby them. These types are in ascending-order the Ainoura (Earliest Miocene),
Aniai (Early Miocene), Daijima (Middle
Miocene), Mitoku (Late Miocene to MioPliocene), Shinjo (Early Pliocene) and
Akashi (Late Pliocene) types.
The Hijirikawa and Oginoya pollenfloras are very similar in generic composition to the Mitoku-type flora. They.contain some exotic elements which arefound abundantly in the Middle Miocene
Noroshi and Yamatoda floras. These
exotic elements are commonly found in
the Late Miocene floras of Europe andin the western part of the United States-of America, where modernized plants
are dominant. Thus, in comparison withvarious floras of the Neogene in thejapanese Islands and from the viewpoint·of the stratigraphical evidences of these
two members, the Hijirikawa andOginoya pollen-floras can be nearly.correlated with the Mitoku-type flora.

References Cited
AXELROD, D.l. (1956) : Mio-Pliocene Floras
from west-central Nevada. U niv. California Publ. Geol. Sci., 33.
BAcHMANN, A. (1962) : The Silicoftagellides
in the Wakura Beds, Nanao City, Prefecture Ishikawa, Japan.
Sci. Rept.,

Kanazawa Univ., 8, 1, pp. 161-175, 4
figs., 10 pis.
CouPER, R.A. (1953): Upper Mesozoic andCainozoic Spores and Pollen Grains fromNew Zealand. New Zealand Geol. Surv .
Paleontology Bull., 22, 77 p., 3 text-figs.,
3 tabs., 9 pis.
ERDTMANN, G. (1954) : An Introduction toPollen Analysis. 239 p., 15 text-figs., 10tabs., 28 pis., Chronica Botanica Comp.
FAEGRI, K. & IvERSEN, T. (1964): Textbook of Pollen Analysis. 237 p., 23 textfigs., 8 pis., Munksgaard.
FuJI, N. (1965): Palynological Studies on
the Late Tertiary and Quaterm:ry Systems in Hokuriku Distric;t, Central Japan.
Quaternary Research, 4, 3-4, pp. 183-190,
5 text-figs., 1 tab.
- - (1969a) : Fossil Spores and Pollen Grainsfrom the Neogene Deposits in Noto Peninsula, Central Japan-!, A Palynological Study of the Late Miocene Wakura
Member.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, N.S., 73, pp. 1-26, 2 pls., 10 textfig., 2 tabs.
- - (1969b) : Fossil Spores and Pollen Grainsfrom the Neogene Deposits in Noto Peninsula, Central Japan-II, A Palynological Study of the Middle Miocene
Yamatoda Member. Ibid., 74, pp. 51-80,
3 pis., 9 text-figs., 2 tabs.
- , IcHIKAWA, w. &BAC!-1:\!Ai'>:"i, A. (1964):
Fossil Diatoms, Pollen Grains and Spores,
Silicoflagellates and Arachaeomonads in
the Miocene Hojuji Diatomaceous Mudstone, Noto Peninsula, Central Japan.
Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., 9, 1, pp. 25118, 30 text-figs., 3 tabs., 15 pis.
& BACHMANN, A. (1968) : Fossile Pollen,
Sporen und Silicoftagellaten aus den Hijirika wa-Schichten(Obermiozan)
derHalbinsel Noto, Zentral-Japan.
Bull.
Fac. Educa. Kanazawa Univ., 17, S., pp.
41-56, 7 Abb., 2 Tab.
GROOT, J.J. (1966) : Some Observations on
Pollen Grains in Suspension in the Estuary of the Delaware River. Marine
Geology, 4, 6 (special issue: Marine
Palynology), pp. 409-416, 2 figs., 2 tabs.
& GROOT, C.R. (1966a) : Pollen Spectra

560.

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Noto-III

from Deep-sea Sediments as Indicatorsof Climatic Changes in Southern SouthAmerica. Marine Geology, 4, 6, pp.
525-538, 4 figs., 1 tab.
- - & - - (1966b) : Marine Palynology: Possibilities, Limitations, Problems. Marine
Geology, 4, 6, pp. 387-396, 2 pis.
]IMBO, T. (1964) : The Pollen Flora ofJapan since Pliocene Time and its
Macropaleobotanical Background.
Sci.
Rept. Tohoku Univ., Ser. IV, XXX, 1.
KASE!'\O, Y. (1963) : Geology of Southern
Noto Peninsula, Central Japan, with Re·
ference to the Cenozoic History. Sci.
Rept. Kanazawa Univ., 8, 2, pp. 541-568,
11 text-figs., 1 tab., 4 pis.
KORENEVA, E.V. (1966): Marine Palynological Researches in the U.S.S.R. Marine
Geology, 4, 6 (special issue: Marine Palynology), pp. 565-574, 3 figs.
MAcKo, S. (1957) : Pollen Grains and Spores
from Miocene Brown Coals in Lower
Silesia-1-. Prace Wroclawskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego, Travaux de la Societie
des Sciences et des Lettres de Wroclaw,
Ser. B, 96, pp. 1-108, 5 text-figs., 3 tabs.,
57 pis.
MISAW A, M. (1960) : Geological Study on the
Neogene Formations in the North-East
Slope of the Hodatsu-san; Southern Noto
Peninsula, Japan (MS). Graduation Thesis

201of the Kanazawa Univ., 43, 70 p., 3 pis., &tabs., 21 text-figs., 2 maps.
SATO, S. (1963): Palynological.Study on Miocene Sediments on Hokkaido, Japan.
jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV,.
XII, 1, 110 p., 19 pis., 17 tabs., 36 figs.
SHIMAKURA, M. (1959) : PollenstratigraphicalStudies of the Japanese Cenozoic Formation -II-. The Kobe Group and Akashi.
Group. Bull. Nara Gakugei Univ., 8, 2,
pp. 65-75, 4 text-figs., 4 tabs., 2 pis.
- - (1960) : Pollenstratigraphical Studies of
the Japanese Cenozoic Formations -IV-.
The Nishiyama Oil Field, Niigata Prefecture and the Ningy6t6ge Uranium
Mine, Chugoku District.
Bull. Nara
Gakugei Univ., 9, 2, pp. 33-42, 2 textfigs., 2 tabs., 2 pis.
STANLEY, E.A. (1966) : The Problem of Reworked Pollen and Spores in Marine
Sediments. Marine Geology, 4, 6, pp.
397-408, 2 pis.
TANAI, T. (1963): Neogene Floral Change
in Japan.
jour. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido,
Univ., Ser. IV, XI, 2, 398 p., 32 pis., 15
tabs., 7 figs.
ZAGWIJN, W.H. (1966) : A Pollen-analytical
Study of Cores from the Outer Silver
Pit, North Sea. Marine Geology, 4, 6
(special issue: Marine Palynology), pp.
539-552, 4 figs., 3 tabs.

202

Norio FUJI
Explanation of Plate 21

Fig. 1. Picea, lateral view, 84 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower part of
the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20145.
Fig. 2. Abies, oblique lateral view, 104 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower
part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20146.
Fig. 3. Pinus, oblique polar view, 64 p.; Locality No. 2, near Mt. Suemoriyama, Oshimizu
Town; the lowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coil.
cat. no. 20147.
Fig. 4. Pinus, polar view, a surface pattern structure of grain, 48 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku,
Oshimizu Town; the lower part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20148.
Fig. 5. Pinus, polar view, a surface pattern structure of air-sack, 48 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku,
Oshimizu Town; the lower part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20148.
Fig. 6. Pinus, polar view, 64 p; Locality No. 3, Oginoya, Shio Town; the lower horizon of
upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20149.
Fig. 7. Metasequoia, lateral view, 26 p.; Locality No.4, Oginoya, Shio Town; the middle horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20150.
Fig. 8. Tsuga, polar view, 62 p.; Locality No. 2, near Mt. Suemoriyama, Oshimizu Town; thelowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20151.
Fig. 9. Tsuga, polar view, 70 p.; Locality No. 2, near Mt. Suemoriyama, Oshimizu Town; thelowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJcoll. cat. no. 20152.
Fig. 10. Inapertipollenites sp., 54 f!; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower partof the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20153.
Fig. 11. Taxodiaceae, lateral view, 36 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower
part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20154.
Fig. 12. Pleuricellaesporites sp. a, lateral view; Locality No. 2, near Mt. Suemoriyama, Oshimizu Town; the lowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ
coil. cat. no. 20155.
Fig. 13. Pleuricellaesporites sp. b, lateral view; Locality No. 2, near Mt. Suemoriyama, Oshimizu Town; the lowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ
coli. cat. no. 20156.
Fig. 14. Pleuricellaesporites sp. c, lateral view; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; thelower part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20157.
Fig. 15. Pleuricellaesporites sp. d, lateral view, 36 p.; Locality No. 4, Oginoya, Shio Town;
the middle horizon of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20158.
Fig. 16. Pseudotsuga, lateral view, 92 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower
part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20159.
Fig. 17. Pseudotsuga, lateral view, 100 f!; Locality No. 5, Shikinami, Shio Town; the upperhorizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20160.
Fig. 18. Hysterichosphaeridium sp., lateral view, 42 p.; Locality No. 5, Shikinami, Shio Town;
the upper horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20161.
Fig. 19. Hysterichosphaeridium sp., lateral view, 64 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town;
the lower part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20162.
Fig. 20. Hysterichosphaeridium sp., lateral view, 50 p.; Locality No.6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town;
the lower part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20163.
Fig. 21. Hysterichosphaeridium sp., lateral view, 58 p.; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town;
the lower part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coJl.. cat. no. 20164.

FUJI:

Spores and pollen from the N eogene of Noto-IJJ

Plate 21

1

7

5

11

9

12

13

10

14

18

19

20

21

560.

Spores and Pollen from the Neogene of Nato-III

Ainoura
Akage
Akashi
Aniai
Daijima
Ebisaka
Entsunagi
Hakui
Hara
Hida
Hijirikawa
Hiradoko
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204

Norio FUJI
Explanation of Plate 22

Fig. 22. Zelkova, polar view, 38 fl; Locality No. 1, Hijirikawa, Shio Town; the lowermost
horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20165.
Fig. 23. Alnus, polar view, 30 f.!.; Locality No. 3, Oginoya, Shio Town; the lower horizon of
the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20166.
Fig. 24. Myriophyllum, polar view, 37 fl; Locality No. 1, Hijirikawa, Shio Town; the lowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20167.
Fig. 25. Carya, polar view, 48 fl; Locality No. 5, Shikinami, Shio Town; the upper horizon of
the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20168.
Fig. 26. Betula, polar view, 40 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower part of
the Oginoya Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20169.
Fig. 27. Carya, polar view, 42 fl; Locality No. 1, Hijirikawa, Shio Town; the lowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20170.
Fig. 28. Tilia, polar view, 27 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower part of
the Oginoya Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20171.
Fig. 29. Cf. Tilia, polar view, 31 fl; Locality No. 3, Oginoya, Shio Town; the lower horizonof the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20172.
Fig. 30. Liquidambar, lateral view, 30 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower
horizon of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20173.
Fig. 31. Alnus, polar view, 24 fl; Locality No. 4, Oginoya, Shio Town; the middle horizon of
the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20174.
Fig. 32. ]uglans, lateral view, 40 fl; Locality No. 2, near Mt. Suemoriyama, Oshimizu Town;
the lowermost horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20175.
Fig. 33. Cf. ]uglans, lateral view, 42 fl; Locality No. 3, Oginoya, Shio Town; the lower horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20176.
Fig. 34. Corylus, lateral view, 28 fl; Locality No. 5, Shikinami, Shio Town; the upper horizonof the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20177.
Fig. 35. Nyssa, polar view, 35 fl; Locality No. 4, Oginoya, Shio Town; the middle horizon of
the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20178.
Fig. 36. Fagus, equatorial view, 32 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower partof the Oginoya Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20179.
Fig. 37. Fagus, equatorial view, 30 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower partof the Oginoya Member ; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20180.
Fig. 38. Fagus, oblique polar view, 46 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower
part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20181.
Fig. 39. Fagus, oblique polar view, 40 fl; Locality No. 4, Oginoya, Shio Town; the middle
horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20182.
Fig. 40. Fagus, oblique equatorial view, 32 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; thelower part of the Oginoya Member ; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20183.
Fig. 41. Fagus, oblique equatorial view, 42 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; thelower part of the Oginoya Member ; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20184.
Fig. 42. Fagus, oblique polar view, 40 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town; the lower
part of the Oginoya Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20185.
Fig. 43. Quercus (deciduous), oblique equatorial view, 42 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu
Town ; the lower part of the Oginoya Member ; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20186.
Fig. 44. Quercus (deciduous), equatorial view, 36 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town;
the lower part of the Oginoya Member ; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20187.
Fig. 45. Quercus (evergreen), equatorial view, 23 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town;
the lower part of the Oginoya Member ; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20188.
Fig. 46. ? Tricolporopollenites sp., polar view, 32 fl; Locality No. 6, Syuku, Oshimizu Town;
the lower part of the Oginoya Member ; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20189.
Fig. 47. Salix, polar view, 28 fl; Locality No. 4, Oginoya, Shio Town; the middle horizon of
the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20190.
Fig. 48. Monoletepollenites sp., equatorial view, 36 fl; Locality No. 5, Shikinami, Shio Town;
the upper horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ col!. cat. no. 20191.
Fig. 49. Cf. Monoletepollenites sp., equatorial view, 33 fl; Locality No. 5, Shikinami, Shio Town;
the upper horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coli. cat. no. 20192.
Fig. 50. Chenopodium, equatorial view, 34 fl; Locality No. 1, Hijirikawa, Shio Town; thelower horizon of the upper part of the Hijirikawa Member; EKZJ coil. cat. no. 20193.

Fun: Spore13 an,d ]Jollen f?·om the Neogene of Noto -III

23

28

31

30

35

24

27

26

36

Plate 22

32

29

34

33

38

37

39

40

41

42

47

43

44

45

50

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NEWS0

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{j.'. 5 J~ 15 1J ;!: -c· f.:::. 81.25 $ ~-'(- ;{_ -c, Dr. Emile A. P ESSAGNO Jr., U ni v. of Texas at Dallas ,P.O. Box 30365, Dall as, Texas 75230 <o ·c rjr )Z;tfo n f*lllfC --::>v'L f;J:/j>:q:S; ~Jq';}JJi'i\fCig·J -;';-ttG~t/-:v'o

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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan

December 10, 1969

New Series No. 76

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
558. OBATA, lkuwo : Lower Cretaceous ammonites from the Miyako Group. Part
3; Some douvilleiceratids from the Miyako Group .. .. . . . ........... .. .. 165
559. MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and HIRATA, Motome: A new ammonite from the
Shimantogawa Group of Shikoku ....... . .... . ......... . ..... .... ... . .. 177
560. FUJI, Norio: Fossil spores and pollen grains from the Neogene deposits
in Noto Peninsula, Central japan-III. A palynological study of the
Pliocene Oginoya and Late Miocene Hijirikawa Members ............... 185