Workshop on
Disaster Information Dissemination System
for Local Community
in Rural Mountainous Area:
Part I
January 23rd – 26th, 2012
Tokyo, Japan

Co-Organized byInternational Center for Urban Safety Engineering (ICUS)
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, Japan
andRegional Network Office for Urban Safety (RNUS)
School of Engineering and Technology
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand

Edited by
Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki,ICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Table of Contents
Page
Opening Session
SECTION 1
Disaster Responses in Thailand’s Great Flood 2011
Manop Kaewmoracharoen

1

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view ofan end user-A case of the Thailand’s great flood 2011
Akira Kodaka

21

Loei Province and the Distribution of Disaster Information in the Loei River
Basin
Adisorn Suntrarak

33

Flood Situation at AIT:Chronology of Events and Lesson learned
Sangam Shrestha

41

Typhoon Talas – quick report from Kii Peninsula, Japan
Shinya Kondo

55

Development of Flood Inundation modeling using Sensor Network and OGC
Web Services
Sarawut Ninsawat

71

Use of Area-mail System in Kagawa Prefecture during Typhoon Talas(No.12)
in 2011
Miho Ohara

81

The local government uses of social media at the time of the Kii peninsulaflood
Tetsuya Ishikawa

89

Overview of Flood Management in Japan
Akiyuki Kawasaki

97

SECTION 2

The Chao Phraya flood and flood control measures for future
Komori Daisuke
Automatic deforestation monitoring using high temporal resolution remotesensing data
Salinthip KungvalchokechaiWorkshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area in
Workshopon Disaster
Information Dissemination System for Local Community
Thailand: PartI
in Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Opening ceremony (Dr. Kawasaki)

Dr. Komori Daisuke

Dr. Manop Kaewmoracharoen

Mr. Akira Kodaka

Dr. Adisorn Suntrarak

Dr. Sangam Shrestha

Dr. Shinya Kondo

Dr. Sarawut Ninsawat

Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area
Workshopon: Disaster
Part I Information Dissemination System for Local Communityii
in Thailand
in Rural Mountainous Area:Part I

January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

Dr. Miho Ohara

Ms. Salinthip Kungvalchokechai

Mr. Tetsuya Ishikawa

Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki

Presentation and Discussion on 23 January 2012

Visitation to the Foundation of River & Basin Integrated Communications

Workshop and Welcome partyii
ii

Workshop on Disaster Information
Dissemination
SystemLocal
Community
4th Joint
Student Seminar
onfor
Civil
Infrastructuresin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Visitation to Arakawa-Karyu Office in the Ministry of Land

Iwabuchi Water Gate of the Arakawa River

Visitation to the Life Safety Learning Center of Tokyo Fire Department

Sumida River boat Cruise & Disaster Prevention Experience-learning Facility
Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area
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Part I Information Dissemination System for Local Communityiii
in Thailand
in Rural Mountainous Area:Part I

Disaster Responses in Thailand’s
Great Flood 2011
Manop Kaewmoracharoen

DISASTER RESPONSES IN THAILAND’S
GREAT FLOOD 2011
Manop Kaewmoracharoen
Chiangmai University

ABSTRACTThe presentation will present the timeline of disaster response ofThailand’s Great Flood 2011. The situation started from September 2011 in
Chaing Mai, a northern province of the country, through Bangkok, theThailand’s capital. In each region there were different types of information
processed by the nation and local government responding to each situation.
Several warning systems were used which some were effective, and somewere ineffective. In Bangkok Flood, government official were divided into
two groups working separately, one is Bangkok Metropolitan
Administration and the other is Flood Relief Operations Centre (FROC) by
Thai Government. The FROC itself was highly criticized as unreliable,unresponsive, and non-professional by Thai and foreign medias.

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January 2012, Japan

THAI FLOOD 2011
Manop Kaewmoracharoen, Ph.D.
Chiang Mai University

2

Contents

3• Great Flood in Thailand• Flood from
– Chiang Mai– Nakhon Sawan– Ayutthaya-Pathumthani– Bangkok• Information Sources

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Thai Flood Major Cities

10 August – Phitsanulok (Yom River)

28 September – Chiang Mai(Ping River)
10 October – Nakon Sawan(Chao Phraya River)
10 October – Ayutthaya(Chao Phraya River)

17 October – Pathumthani(Chao Phraya River)

25 October – Bangkok(Chao Phraya River)Thai Flood

45• Chao Phraya River
Drainage Basin

Thai Flood6• Chao Phraya River
Drainage Basin

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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January 2012, Japan

Flood in Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai and Ping River

Chiang Mai Flood894 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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11

12

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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13

14

15

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Chiang Mai Flood16• 1952• 1973• 1987• 1994• 2001• 2005• 2011

17• Information Sources in Chiang Mai– Electronic Sign boards– Radio– Paper Sign boards– Internet– Flood zone maps

Electronic sign board18• 15 stations around Chiang Mai• 3 organizations– Chiang Mai Municipality– Department of Rural Roads– Chiang Mai University

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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Warning tower / Silent tower

19• 3 towers• 3 locations along Ping River• Chiang Mai Municipality

Radio

20

• FM 93.25• FM 100• Several local radio networks

Internet

21• News, Knowledge center - CENDRU (Chiang Mai University) http://www.cendru.net• Water levels, critical levels - Hydrology and Water Management Center for Upper
Northern Region http://www.hydro-1.net• Center data for Water level - Chiang Mai Province http://warning.chiangmaipoc.net• Department of Water Resources http://www.dwr.go.th

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CENDRU

22• Chiang Mai
Flood Zone Map• Zone 1-2

CENDRU23• Chiang Mai
Flood Zone Map• Zone 3-4

CENDRU24• Chiang Mai
Flood Zone Map• Zone 5

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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January 2012, JapanCCTV – water level of Ping River on Nawarat Bridge

25

26

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Summary for Chiang Mai Flood

28• Most of the information are in Thai
– Some areas were blacked out for a few days – No information• Some information in English such as– Newspaper - Bangkok Post
– Online - blog posts, discussion forums– No local agencies providing information in English or other languages

Flood in Nakon Sawan

Nakon Sawan Flood

24 September

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

30

24 September

11
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Nakon Sawan Flood

10 October (1pm)31

10 October (1 pm)

Nakon Sawan Flood

10 October (8 pm)

32

10 October (9 pm)

Nakon Sawan Flood

11 October33

11 October

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Nakon Sawan Flood

11 October

34

11 October

Nakon Sawan Flood

19 October35

20 October

Summary for Nakhon Sawan Flood36• 10 days no electricity in the municipality (10-19 October)• 14 days no water in the municipality (10-23 October)• Early helps– Nakhon Sawan Municipality– Army Soldier (Jiraprawat Camp)

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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Flood inAyutthaya & Pathumthani

Ayutthaya World Heritage Site

38

• Historic City of Ayutthaya• Ayutthaya Historical Park
• UNESCO World Heritage Site

Historic City of Ayutthaya
Source: The Nation

Ayutthaya-Pathumthani
Industrial Estates / Industrial Parks

39

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

5 October – Saharatana Nakorn (49 factories)
9 October - Rojana Industrial Park (198 factories)
13 October - Hitech Industrial Estate (143 factories)
15 October – Bangpa-in Industrial Estate (90 factories)
16 October – Factory Land Industrial Estate (94 factories)
17 October- Navanakorn Industrial Promotion Zone (400factories)
7. 20 October – Bang Kradi Industrial Park (44 factories)

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Effect of Thai floods on Japanese companies
About 320 Japanese companies:• Ajinomoto• Honda• Isuzu• Nissan• Toyota

Bangkok40• Canon• Nikon• Sony• TDK

41• Don Mueang Airport• 25 October – All flights
cancelled

42

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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15 October

29 October

2 November

43

Information Sources

Information Sources [Thai official]

45• FROC - Flood Relief Operations Command• Thai government’s disaster (http://disaster.go.th/) [TH/EN]• GISTDA - Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency• Bangkok Metropolitan Administration– Canal Water Level– Water Quality– SCADA

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Information Sources [Social networks]

46• Twitter with hashtag #ThaiFlood(same name as above but different)• Facebook fan pages• Discussion forums such as Pantip.com

Information Sources [Organizations]47• Thaiflood.com- [>100,000 Twitter followers, >60,000
Facebook Likes]• Team Group– Flood maps, Flood management
plans

Information Sources [Organizations]48• October 11 - Google Crisis Response Map [EN/TH]– Flood area, shelters, donation points, satellite images• October 25 - RooSuFlood (a knowledge center)– YouTube and Facebook page
(Some video clips has > 1,000,000 page views,
Facebook >100,000 Likes)

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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RooSuFlood (lit. know and fight the flood)49• 25 October - Founded• Manga-like animation• YouTube video with Facebook
page based(>100,000 fan likes)• Provide basic knowledge how
to prepare for flood andevacuation

FROC

FROC

51

• Flood Relief Operations Command (FROC)• Headquarter in Don Mueang Airport and then Energy Complex Building• 8 October – FROC founded• 10 October – Website created http://www.floodthailand.net/• 29 October – The headquarter moved due to the airport flooded

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FROC

52

• 8 December – downsize staff from 2,000 - 200• Ineffective handling of donations and poor communications• Resist to declare state of emergency

Problems – Handling of donations

53• All donations requests needed tohave request letters• All requests needed to beapproved by the director

Problems – Poor Communications

54• Too late to alert– Navanakorn Industrial Promotion Zone
• 17 October – 1.5-2.0 underwater and evacuation alert on the same day• Re-locate Shelters– Don Mueang Airport, Thammasat University, etc.

• No exact information– Five-day holiday with nothing

Disaster
2011
Disaster Responses
ResponsesininThailand’s
Thailand’sGreatGreatFlood
Flood
2011

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Problems

55• Confused information• No clear evacuation plan
• No evacuation by residents themselves• Cannot answer these simple questions– Will my house under water?
– Where is the places currently under water?
– What should I do now?

FROC Parody

56

FROC Parody [in Thai / English]

57

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Remarks on figuration ofinternet-based information from apoint of view of an end userA case of the Thailand’s great
flood 2011
Akira Kodaka

REMARKS ON FIGURATION OF
INTERNET-BASED INFORMATIONFROM A POINT OF VIEW OF AN END
USER-A CASE OF THE THAILAND’S
GREAT FLOOD 2011
Akira Kodaka
Loei Fund for Nature Conservation and Sustainable Development

ABSTRACT
A massive amount and a huge variety of disaster-related information
have been disseminated during the Thailand’s great flood 2011. Crowd
sourcing via internet-based media is one of the main information sources
mashing up with social media and map applications such as Twitter,
Facebook, and Google map. Utilizing such method has advantages
including emergent response due to prompt information creation anddissemination done by experts and/or someone from around the world. This
presentation shows figuration of such information regarding its source andtype on the Thailand’s great flood and proposes further improvement from apoint of view of an end user.

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January 2012, Japan

Remarks on figuration ofinternet-based information froma point of view of an end user
-A case of the Thailand’s great flood 2011-

Akira KODAKA
Loei Fund for Nature Conservationand Sustainable Development
23rd Jan. 2012

Traditional

Introduction
RS / GIS Data

Internet-Based Media

Govt, Specialists etc.

Crowd

Development of Web Mapping Service & RS Techniques

Disaster2

Let’s find a info.
C
B
A
Flood area

B
Image Video

Map

Text

Traffic

A
Warning
Radio
Risk Area

MobilePC
TV

Technology
Crowd source
Social media

Shelter
Health3
Umm…

3

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Mash-up
Image from CCTV

Google map
Source: Royal Irrigation Department

Twitter (PR_RID)

4

4

Type of maps
A

C
Compartmental
Source: Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

B

Scrollable
Source: Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

Links

5

5

Source: Department of Water Resources

Compartmental map
Date

Flood map

Photo

Related info.

Content

Flood map
Source: Thaiflood.com (Portal site)

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userRemarksof internet-based
information from a point of view of an end userA case ofon
thefiguration
Thailand’s
great flood 2011
A case of the Thailand’s great flood 2011

Facebook 6

6

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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

Scrollable map

Source: ESRI Flood Map

7

Linked map
Street view

CS view
Date

Time-line

71
Waterlevel (cm)Flood
N/A Normal

Source: Department of Drainage and Sewage

8

Snap shot

8

Crowd map
Map

Item

ReportTime-line

Source: Thailand Flood Crisis Information Map

99

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Inaccessible…

Too outdated…

Case1: Overlapping
B
A

Route to avoid flood
FROC & MOT
A

C

B

C
Map with Twitter

Better to be combined

Source: Ministry of Transport (portal site)

11
11

Case2: Inactive map

Source: Royal Thai Navy

No one uses…

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userRemarksof internet-based
information from a point of view of an end userA case ofon
thefiguration
Thailand’s
great flood 2011
A case of the Thailand’s great flood 2011

12
12

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Case4: Unreliable map

Source: Open source

You can't be serious…

13
13

Case3: Heavy site

Animation

Animation

Animation
Animation

Animation

Animation
ScrollAnimation
Animation
Animation
Animation

Source: Warning Network of Friends of Thailand

Keep it simple, stupid (KISS)

Dead link

14
14

A trip to information
Flood thailand disease

Blog

SN

WB

Social media acts as a compass to get a desired info.

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What is a popular information?

Utilization of Social media

Twitter

Facebook

Public Organizations

Follower

Thaiflood (Portal site)104190Royal Irrigation Department

9787

National Flood Relief Coordination Center

13286

Department of Drainage and Sewage

31604

Water Resources Department

194

Japan-Embassy Thai

3880

Flood Relief Operation Center (FROC)

12186

Public Organizations

Like

Department of Drainage and Sewage

28590

Royal Irrigation Department

15661

The Bangkok Governor

20748

DDPM

967

Ministry of Public Health41

Department of Water Resources287
On 25th Dec. 201117
17

Freshness of information

Source: gamling.com

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userRemarksof internet-based
information from a point of view of an end userA case ofon
thefiguration
Thailand’s
great flood 2011
A case of the Thailand’s great flood 2011

18
18

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January 2012, Japan
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Visualized map

Water level

Traffic info.
Level change
Source: FROC

Water level

Visualization19
19

Source: gamling.com

Reliability

Source: Thailand Flood Crisis Information Map

20
20

Source: ESRI Flood Map

Conclusion
Fineness

Connection to SNS

Crowd source

Scale

Reliability
Verification
Sourcing

Figuration
Visualization
KISS

Freshness
Sorting
Updating

Filtering

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24

25

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Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userRemarksof internet-based
information from a point of view of an end userA case ofon
thefiguration
Thailand’s
great flood 2011
A case of the Thailand’s great flood 201129
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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

Mash-up and link

SCADA

27

Picasa Photo Album

Picasa album

Source: Japan Embassy

Source: Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

29

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30

Thank you

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userRemarksof internet-based
information from a point of view of an end userA case ofon
thefiguration
Thailand’s
great flood 2011
A case of the Thailand’s great flood 2011

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Loei Province and theDistribution of Disaster
Information in the Loei River
Basin
Adisorn Suntrarak

LOEI PROVINCE AND THE
DISTRIBUTION OF DISASTER
INFORMATION IN THE LOEIRIVER BASIN
Adisorn Suntrarak
Loei Fund for Nature Conservation and Sustainable Development

ABSTRACT
Loei province locates in northeast of Thailand. This province has
specific characteristic topography and ethnic population. For the
topography, the province has different elevations where lowest point is 150
meters and the highest is 1,560 meters from the sea level. This different
elevation causes wild-flood and landslide disasters in rainy season. Baan
Non Phathana, Baan Loei Taw Tad and Baan Loei Wang Sai are
fountainhead village of the Loei River. These villages have experiences withthose disasters. In the past, local people have indigenous knowledge toforecast wild-flood and other disasters such as wind, drought and wild-fire.
Presently, even through communication and media technologies are being
developed, local people in these villages has not much ways to receive
information concerns with disaster reports and warning system due to weakin communication system and management.

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January 2012, Japan

Loei Province and Distribution of Disaster
Information in Loei River Basin

Adisorn Sunthararuk
Loei Fund for Nature
Conservation andSustainable
Development

Phuluang District

Northeast of Thailand, The province of mountain, 1815‐
180 Meters from the see level, the Loei River Basin
Municipality of Loei
Municipality of Wang Saphung616,744 people, 56
persons per sq.km

Non
Phatana

Loei Taw
Tad

Phuluang Wildlife
Sanctuary•Highbiodiversity•Oreresources•Thai Loei
80%
•Thai Tai 20%

i Wang Sai

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Places

Loei
River

Municipality of
Loei

Loei Wang Sai
Sub‐district

Phuluang Wildlife
Sanctuaryelevation

180
Meters245 Meters

500 Meters1500 Meters

Rice, mining,municipality

Maize , dry rice,cassava

Activities

Hill Evergreen Forest,
Dry Evergreen Forest

DisasterFlood,
drought

Wild‐flood, wildfire,
Flood,
drought, waterpollution

Wildfire

MobileSignal

Good

Good

weak

Very weak

Radio

Good

Good

weak

weak

Framer: Rice, Maize, Rubber Tree, 240,000 Baht/year

Since 1960s, patterns of agriculture have been changed

Self‐sufficiency agriculture to mono crop, chemical,
tractorRemarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userLoei
Province
and the Distributionof 2011
Disaster Information in the Loei River Basin
A caseof the Thailand’s
great flood

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Amount of forest lands were encroached rapidly, 1976‐
2005

Mining industry is growing up 200% in 2007‐2010

Great floodin 1977, 2002, 2011

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wildfire, waterpollution, people’s
conflict

Communication of Rain Fall and Meteorology System
Governor
Decision

Meteorology
Station, Kok
Nok Kaba

Phuluang
District Office
Non Phathana
Phu Horh
Forest Ranger
Loei Taw Tad

Loei Wang Sai

Indigenous Flood Prediction

No flood
Going to be
flood

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userLoei
Province
and the Distributionof 2011
Disaster Information in the Loei River Basin
A caseof the Thailand’s
great flood

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Using bamboo scale

Community Spirit, animal’s instinct

Problem of Disaster Information Extension•Weak of people’s participation in information
distribution and decision making•Weak of communication ways in high land areas
such as cell‐phone signal, local radio•Weak of sharing information between
government agencies, NGOs

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Future Plan of Disaster Prevention•Community radio•Walkie‐talkie radio network•Cell phone network•People’s network for disaster presentation•Cooperation between Go and NGO agencies•Appropriate tools of sharing disaster
information

Thank you

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userLoei
Province
and the Distributionof 2011
Disaster Information in the Loei River Basin
A caseof the Thailand’s
great flood

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Flood Situation at AIT:
Chronology of Events and Lesson
LearnedSangam Shrestha

FLOOD SITUATION AT AIT:CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS ANDLESSON LEARNEDSangam Shrestha
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)41
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Flood Situation
situation at
at AIT:
AIT:Chronology
ChronologyofofEvents
eventsandandLesson
lessonLearned
learned43
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Flood Situation
situation at
at AIT:
AIT:Chronology
ChronologyofofEvents
eventsandandLesson
lessonLearned
learned45
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46 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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Flood Situation
situation at
at AIT:
AIT:Chronology
ChronologyofofEvents
eventsandandLesson
lessonLearned
learned47
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48 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area48

Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System forinLocal
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ICUS Report 60

Flood Situation
situation at
at AIT:
AIT:Chronology
ChronologyofofEvents
eventsandandLesson
lessonLearned
learned49
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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

50 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System forinLocal
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Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Flood Situation
situation at
at AIT:
AIT:Chronology
ChronologyofofEvents
eventsandandLesson
lessonLearned
learned51
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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

52 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System forinLocal
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Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Flood Situation
situation at
at AIT:
AIT:Chronology
ChronologyofofEvents
eventsandandLesson
lessonLearned
learned53
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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

54 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

54

Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System forinLocal
Community
Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part ITyphoon Talas – quick reportfrom Kii Peninsula, Japan
Shinya Kondo

TYPHOON TALAS - QUICK REPORTFROM KII PENINSULA, JAPANShinya Kondo
The University of Tokyo, ICUSABSTRACTOn early September, Typhoon Talas caused the record-breaking
heavy rainfall over a wide area from western to northern Japan, especiallyalong the mountains. In particular, a wide area of the Kii Peninsula was hit
hard. The casualties are 77 people and 18 people are missing. On thesoutheastern part of the Kii Peninsula, debris flows caused severe damage
to mountain settlements along the river. The people who evacuated earlysurvived, but people who delayed their evacuation were swept away bydebris flow. Other affected areas were also inundated by river flooding.
People had difficulty obtaining information about the rainfall amount andwater level of the river.

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January 2012, Japan

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A Special Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination
System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area in
ThailandTyphoon Talas – quick
Typhoon– quick
reportfromTalas
Kii Peninsula,report fromJapanKii Peninsula,Japan
2011/01/23
2011/01/23
ShinyaKondo
ShinyaKondo
ICUS, IIS, the University of Tokyo, Japan
ICUS, IIS, the University of Tokyo, Japan

Shinya Kondo

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1977
Sep., 2005

Research

Kodaira, Tokyo, Jpana
Ph. D, Department of Civil Engineering,
The University of Tokyo
Oct., 2005 – Mar., 2010
Research Scientist, Disaster Reduction and Human
Renovation Institution (DRI)
Apr., 2010 ‐Project Researcher, ICUS, IIS,The University of Tokyo•Development of a Support Program for Isolated Districts Focused on
Widespread Disaster•Development of Simulation Exercise of Emergency Response Headquarter
Management by Objectives (SEMO)•Disaster Information Management•Development of a New Style Disaster Management Manual•Trend Analysis on Research Field of Academic Society for Disaster Prevention
kondos@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Mail kondos@iis.u‐tokyo.ac.jp

Nara

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Mie

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Coastal Areas

Mountainous Areas

Typhoon Talas(台風１２号豪雨水害)

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• On 3 September, Typhoon Talas
made landfall on Shikoku Island
and reached the Sea of Japan on
the next day after crossing
Shikoku and Chugoku regions.
• Because Talas had a large scalestrong wind area and moved
very slowly, it induced moistureadvection for many hours andcaused the record-breaking
heavy rainfall over a wide areafrom western to northern Japan,
especially along the mountains.
• The casualties are 78 people and16 people are missing.
• Mainly in Kii Peninsula (68 dead,16 missing).

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(JMA)

TyphoonreportfromKii Kii
Peninsula,Japan
Typhoon Talas
Talas––quick
quick
reportfrom
Peninsula,
Japan

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Precipitation(降水量時系列図
Precipitation(降水量時系列図)
)

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Kami‐Kitayama,Kami-Kitayama, Nara

Hourly (Left scale)
Total (Right scale)Monthly average precipitation(September): 408.4mm

Kozagawa, Wakayama

Monthly average precipitation(September): 401.8mm

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Aug. 1889
Totsukawa Flood(十津川大水害)

Past disaster

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Aug. 1901
Typhoon Vera
(伊勢湾台風洪水)
Nara

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Nachi-Katsuura(那智勝浦町)
Kozagawa(古座川町)

Mie

Wakayama

Nachi-Katsuura (那智勝浦町)

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1200

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9/4

0

12

Total (mm)Hourly (mm)Irogawa, Nachi-Katsuura, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)80

9/2 4:45 Heavy rain and Flood Warning. 大雨洪水警報
9/2
People started to evacuate by themselves in mountain. 山間部で自主避難始まる
9/2 21:50Landslide warning information. 土砂災害警戒情報
9/3 16:15Evacuation instructions. 避難勧告
9/3 -18:00 Local government officers prepared evacuation house and road regulation, butsomeone could not come back to office.
町職員は避難所準備、道路規制（役場に戻れず）
9/4 1:45 Evacuation directives. 避難指示
9/4 1:57 People evacuated in some evacuation house moved to other evacuation house.
ある避難所が危険な状態だと判断して別の避難所に移る
9/4 3:15 Phone interruption. 電話不通
9/4 4:30 Flood the entire area. 町内全域冠水

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Typhoon Talas
Talas––quick
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Peninsula,Japan

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60 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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TyphoonreportfromKii Kii
Peninsula,Japan
Typhoon Talas
Talas––quick
quick
reportfrom
Peninsula,
Japan

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• Most of causes of death were swept away by debris flow.

– 亡くなった人の多くは、土石流に流されたことによるものである。

• There was a possibility to increase victims, if people didn't moveto other evacuation house.
– 住民の判断で避難所を移動しなければ、犠牲者はより増えていた可能性がある。

• After 9/4 3:15, it was difficult to contact with evacuation house
because of phone interruption.
– 9/4 3:15以降、電話が不通になり避難所との連絡ができなくなった。

• Local government officer could not use independent wirelessnetwork.
– 防災無線も使えなくなった（時期は不明）。

• People didn't recognize disaster risk. (From radio program)– 住民は、災害が起こるとは思っていなかった。（ラジオ番組でのインタ
ビュー）

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Koguchi, Shingu, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

Hourly (mm)

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9/2 4:45 Heavy rain and Flood Warning. 大雨洪水警報
9/2 11:45Landslide warning information. 土砂災害警戒情報
9/2 19:00The water level of the river rose over bank height in the mountain.
山間部で川の水位が堤防高を越える
9/2 20:40Evacuation instructions in the mountain. 避難勧告（山間部）
9/3 – 9/7 Fixed-line phone interruption (mobile phone in the mountain).
固定電話が不通（山間部は携帯電話も）9/4 – 9/26 Japan Self-Defense Forces started support activity. 自衛隊による支援活動

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(youtube: adandyinaspic1)

TyphoonreportfromKii Kii
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Typhoon Talas
Talas––quick
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reportfrom
Peninsula,
Japan

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64 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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TyphoonreportfromKii Kii
Peninsula,Japan
Typhoon Talas
Talas––quick
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Peninsula,
Japan

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TyphoonreportfromKii Kii
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Typhoon Talas
Talas––quick
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Peninsula,
Japan

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Dams are not for flood-control(治水目的のダムがない)

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outflow

inflowrain

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USTR

storage ratio (%) storage (103m3)

rain(mm/h) flow (m3/s)
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INSTITU

Outflow of dam and water level of river(ダム放流量と河川水位)

IEN C E

9/5

0storage0storage ratio

water level (m)19.0highest water level(12.56m)
9.0

9/1

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• Outflow was estimated to equal inflow in themorning of 9/2 because of no flood control dam andno storage.
– 治水目的のダムがなかったため、貯水量に余裕がなく、9/2の朝にはダムの流入量＝放流量となったと推定される。

• There had flood in the mountain in the evening of
9/2 with continuous heavy rain.
– 降り続く大雨により、9/2の午後には山間部で浸水が始まったと推定される。

• Local government knew the information about
discharge from dam.
– ダムからの放流に関する情報は市役所に伝えられていた。（3000t/s以上で１時間に１回）

68 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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• People couldn’t use fixed-line phone. In themountain, people couldn’t use mobile phone, cableTV, radio service, and independent wireless network.
– 固定電話が使えず、山間部では携帯電話、ケーブルテレ
ビ、ラジオ、防災無線が使えなかった。

• In the mountain, people couldn’t get the information
about heavy rain and water level including
information from local government.
– 山間部の住民は、市役所からの情報を含めて、大雨や川に関する情報を入手することができなかった。

• In the mountain, people recognized disaster risk andcould react with the amount of rain and water level.
– 山間部の住民は、災害リスクを認識しており、降雨量と河川の水位情報があれば、対応できる。

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Total (mm)Hourly (mm)Nishikawa, Kozagawa, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)80

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U
THE

• 9/2 4:45
• 9/2 14:30
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Heavy rain and Flood Warning. 大雨洪水警報
Voluntary evacuation. Dispatch of officers to each evacuation
house. 自主避難開始、各避難所に職員を派遣
9/2 21:50 Landslide warning information. 土砂災害警戒情報
9/2 22:00 Local government told the leader of region possibilities toissue evacuation instructions in the next morning.
区長に明け方に避難勧告を出す可能性がある旨を連絡
9/2 night – 9/3 night Black out. 停電
9/3 10:45 The information prepared evacuation. 避難準備情報
9/3 16:00 Evacuation instructions. 避難勧告
9/3 23:00 Local government got information from dam about outflow
equaling inflow.
ダムから流入量＝放出量にする連絡を受ける
9/4 0:05
Evacuation directives. 避難指示
9/4 2:00
Phone interruptions. 電話が不通
9/4 8:00
The water was removed. 地域から水が引く

TyphoonreportfromKii Kii
Peninsula,Japan
Typhoon Talas
Talas––quick
quick
reportfrom
Peninsula,
Japan

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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, JapanI C U S

US
TR

ND

RS

FI

TE O

ITY
OF
TOKYO

INSTITU

Kozagawa (古座川町)

IAL

SCIEN

VE
NI

CE

U
THE

• Local government were often public relations about possibility ofswollen rivers.
– 河川が増水する可能性がある旨の広報を頻繁にしていた。

• Local government had policies to issue evacuation instructions
before it gets dark at the risk of swinging out.
– 避難勧告は明るいうちに空振りを覚悟で出す方針だった。

• In the night of 9/3, local government officers could not go toevacuation house because of water-covered road.

– ３日夜には道路浸水のために各避難所に向かうことができなかった。

• Local government often communicated the dam office.
– ダムとは頻繁に連絡を取っていた。

• It seems that early response before it gets dark was the cause of
decrease human suffering.
– 明るいうちに行った早めの対応が人的被害を軽減できた要因だと考えられる。

I C U S

I
OF

ND

US
TR

RS

TE

ITY
OF
TOKY
O

INSTITU

Conclusions (まとめ)

IAL

SCIEN

VE
NI

CE

U
THE

• Some areas could not get the information because ofphone and TV interruption.
– 電話、テレビなどが使えず情報を入手できない地域があった。

• People should recognize disaster risk and the limit of
the function of the dam, and do something by
themselves.
– 住民が災害リスクとダムの機能の限界について認識し、自らの判断で行動する必要がある。

• Local government needs public relations people candecide before it gets dark at the risk of swinging out.
– 行政は、住民が明るいときに行動を判断できる情報を空振り覚悟で提供するが必要となる。

70 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System forinLocal
Community
Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IDevelopment of Flood
Inundation modeling using Sensor
Network and OGC Web Services
Sarawut Ninsawat

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD
INUNDATION MODELING USINGSENSOR NETWORK AND OGC WEBSERVICES
Sarawut Ninsawat
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)ABSTRACTWith recent major floods occur during the 2011 in Thailand, there is
massive requirement of situation awareness from the public, people want toknow where is the heavy rain occurring, where will the flooding occur andhow height of floodwater level. Flooding is a complex process affected bymany factors in which the flood discharge characteristics and the
topography of the inundated region are of great importance. Additionally,
during extreme weather condition, weather is constantly changing so it isvery important to have updated information in real-time. This study aimed
at the development of a near real-time flood inundation modeling using
Sensor Network and standard OGC Web Services.

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Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userDevelopment
Flood Inundation
modeling
A case of the of
Thailand’s
great flood
2011 using Sensor Network and OGC Web Services73
73

January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

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Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System forinLocal
Community
Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userDevelopment
Flood Inundation
modeling
A case of the of
Thailand’s
great flood
2011 using Sensor Network and OGC Web Services

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January 2012, Japan

76 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System forinLocal
Community
Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userDevelopment
Flood Inundation
modeling
A case of the of
Thailand’s
great flood
2011 using Sensor Network and OGC Web Services

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January 2012, Japan

78 Workshop on Disaster Information Dissemination System for Local Community in Rural Mountainous Area

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Community
Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of view of an end userDevelopment
Flood Inundation
modeling
A case of the of
Thailand’s
great flood
2011 using Sensor Network and OGC Web Services

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January 2012, Japan

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Use of Area-mail System in
Kagawa Prefecture during
Typhoon Talas(No.12) in 2011
Miho Ohara

USE OF AREA-MAIL SYSTEM IN
KAGAWA PREFECTURE DURINGTYPHOON TALAS(NO.12) IN 2011
Miho Ohara
The University of Tokyo, ICUSABSTRACT
Typhoon No.12 hit western Japan between September 2nd and 4th,
2011. Recently, some local governments adopt area-mail system as a toolfor distributing warnings and evacuation instructions in case of natural
disasters. It is the system for sending messages to the mobile phone users
when they are located inside specified area. Kagawa prefecture had heavy
rain due to Typhoon No.12 and it faced dangers of land slides and floods.
Kagawa Prefecture and several local governments sent mails for warningand evacuation calls by area-mail system. In this research, how area-mailsystem was used in these area were surveyed and ways for better use of thesystem was discussed.

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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

Miho OHARA, ICUS

Ways for informing disaster warnings
To Residents

Car

TV/Radioloudspeaker
Electronic
Notice boards

Local Government
E‐mailTo mobile
phone user
Area‐mailArea‐mail system
The system to provide disaster warnings /evacuation instructions
to mobile phone users by mail when they are inside designatedarea.
NTT docomo (one company under Nippon Telegraphand Telephone Corporation group)

JMA

Government①Earthquake
Early Warning②Other Warning/Evacuation Call

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Area‐mail system

Base station

Merits of the system‐Mails can be sent to anyone who are inside the area

‐Not only residents but also tourists/commuters can get mails.
‐It can send information to the people who can not get
information by TV or loudspeakers.
‐No need to resister mail addresses.
‐It can alert a lot of people at the same time.
‐Available mobile phone will expand in this year.
(NTT Docomo + sofybank, au, etc.)

Difference between ordinary line and area‐mailArea‐mail doesn't become full due to one‐way communication.

Use of Area-mailTyphoonTalas(No.12)
in 2011
Area-mailSystem
SystemininKagawa
KagawaPrefecture
prefectureduring
duringTyphoonNo.12 in 2011

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January 2012, Japan
January 2012, Japan

Information sent by area‐mailDisaster

Information

Earthquake

Earthquake Early Warning (from Japan
Meteorological Agency)

Evacuation

Evacuation preparation advisory, evacuation
advisory, evacuation order
Alert area information

Flood

Flood warning of designated river

Landslide

Landslide warning information

TsunamiTsunami advisory, tsunami warning,large‐scale tsunami warning

VolcanoEruption warning

Earthquake

Prediction information of Tokai Earthquake

Terrorism

ballistic missile information, Information of air
strike, guerrilla attack, terrorism.

Situation in Kagawa Prefecture
Path of Typhoon No.12(Typhoon TALAS)
Maximum Cumulative rainfall:
667mm
Maximum rainfall per hour :66mm (21‐22:00 on Sep. 2)
Maximum instantaneous windspeed: 33.4m/s

System of Kagawa Prefecture‐Kagawa Prefecture adopted Area‐mail system in August 2011.
‐6 cities and 8 towns in Kagawa Prefecture also adopted thesystem as of the Typhoon No.12.
‐Prefecture send information in case prefecture can get
earlier than cities/towns or the area covers more than twocities/towns .
‐Other information should be sent by cities/towns .
‐For the citizens without NTT docomo users, there is anothermail service to deliver warning information. But it requireregistration by citizen themselves. It cannot cover visitors
outside Kagawa Prefecture.

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Thailand:Part Iin Rural Mountainous Area:Part IICUS Report 60
ICUS Report 60

Mails sent by Kagawa Prefecture
Date

Time

All the area

Takamatsu‐City

Sep. 2 18:28Landslide warning information
21:45Landslide warning information
Flood warning of
Kodo River

23:41
Sep. 3

Marugame‐City,
Mannou‐Town

0:03
Flood advisory of
Kodo River (Releaseof warning)

2:35
3:18
Landslide warning
information(Release)
12:20Landslide warning information

Flood warning ofDoki River

Flood advisory of
Doki River (Releaseof warning)

11:12

15:46

Landslide warning
information(Release)

Mails sent by City or Town
‐9/2 17:00 Evacuation advisory to some area in Miki‐cho,‐9/3 0:30 Evacuation advisory to some area in Ayagawa‐cho.

How to input information

Use of Area-mailTyphoonTalas(No.12)
in 2011
Area-mailSystem
SystemininKagawa
KagawaPrefecture
prefectureduring
duringTyphoonNo.12 in 2011

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Landslide warning information
香川県からのお知らせです。土砂災害警戒情報が発表されています。
【警戒対象地域】
高松市、坂出市、さぬき市、三木町、綾川町【概況】
降り続く大雨のため、警戒対象地域では土砂災
害の危険度が高まっています。
【とるべき措置】
渓流や崖の近くなど土砂災害の発生しやすい地
区にお住まいの方は、早めの避難を心がけるとともに、市町から発表される避難勧告などの情報に注意してください。

Doki‐river
香川県からのお知らせです。土器川の祓川橋水位観測所では、避難判断水位に到達しました。水位はさらに上昇する見込みです。市町からの避難情報に留意してください。
This is from Kagawa Prefecture. Water level at Haraibashi bridge Observatory exceed
the water level for evacuation decision. It is expected to increase. Please pay
attention to evacuation information from cities.

water level for evacuation decision
避難判断水位
Water level for attention to flood
氾濫注意水位Limitations‐Some of old mobile phones are not available.
‐Mails can not be delivered if power of the mobile phones are off.
‐

http://www.losttechnology.jp/k‐tai/

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Limitations‐Some of old mobile phones are not available.
‐Mails can not be delivered if power of the mobile phones are off.
‐It was the first mail from Kagawa Prefecture. People’s
understanding is insufficient.
‐Proper evacuation should be done following the instruction.
Number of evacuated people

Lists of the local governments(only East‐Japan)
静岡県

静岡県、静岡市
名古屋市、豊橋市、岡崎市、一宮市、半田市、碧南市、刈谷市、豊田市、安城市、西尾市、犬山市、常滑市、小牧市、稲沢市、東海市、大府市、知多市、尾張旭市、高浜市、日進市、弥富市、みよし市、あま市、大治町、蟹江町、阿久比町、東浦町、南知多町、美浜町、武豊町、幸田町
三重県
津市、四日市市、伊勢市、松阪市、桑名市、鈴鹿市、菰野町、明和町、大台町
滋賀県
大津市
京都府
京都府、京都市、福知山市、舞鶴市、城陽市、木津川市、井手町
大阪府
大阪市、泉大津市、貝塚市、枚方市、東大阪市、交野市
兵庫県、神戸市、姫路市、尼崎市、明石市、西宮市、洲本市、芦屋市、伊丹市、豊岡市、加古川市、赤穂
兵庫県市、西脇市、宝塚市、三木市、高砂市、小野市、三田市、加東市、丹波市、南あわじ市、たつの市、多可町、稲美町、播磨町、福崎町、太子町、佐用町、香美町
奈良県
生駒市
和歌山県 和歌山県
鳥取県
鳥取市、米子市、倉吉市、境港市、北栄町、大山町
島根県
松江市、浜田市、出雲市、大田市、雲南市、川本町
岡山県
岡山市、倉敷市、津山市、総社市、矢掛町
広島県
広島市、呉市、三原市、尾道市、大竹市、廿日市市、府中町、熊野町
山口県
下関市、宇部市、山口市、萩市、防府市、下松市、岩国市、光市、長門市、柳井市、美祢市、周南市
徳島県
鳴門市、小松島市、阿南市、吉野川市、佐那河内村、石井町、北島町、上板町、つるぎ町
香川県、高松市、丸亀市、坂出市、善通寺市、観音寺市、東かがわ市、三豊市、土庄町、小豆島町、三木
香川県町、宇多津町、綾川町、琴平町、多度津町、まんのう町
愛媛県
今治市、新居浜市、大洲市、四国中央市、上島町、松前町、内子町
高知市、室戸市、安芸市、南国市、宿毛市、四万十市、香南市、香美市、東洋町、安田町、芸西村、本山
高知県町、大豊町、土佐町、いの町
福岡県
福岡市、小郡市、春日市、宗像市、福津市、宇美町、新宮町、大刀洗町、添田町、吉富町
佐賀県
佐賀県、佐賀市、鳥栖市、多久市、伊万里市、嬉野市、神埼市、吉野ヶ里町、基山町、みやき町
長崎県
長崎市、諫早市、東彼杵町
大分県
大分市、佐伯市、臼杵市、由布市
宮崎県
宮崎市、小林市、日向市、新富町、高千穂町
鹿児島県 日置市、奄美市、大和村、宇検村、瀬戸内町、龍郷町
沖縄県
那覇市、宜野湾市、糸満市、豊見城市、国頭村、金武町、北谷町、与那原町、八重瀬町
2011年10月27日現在
愛知県

Lists of the local governments(only East‐Japan)
静岡県

静岡県、静岡市
名古屋市、豊橋市、岡崎市、一宮市、半田市、碧南市、刈谷市、豊田市、安城市、西尾市、犬山市、常滑市、小牧市、稲沢市、東海市、大府市、知多市、尾張旭市、高浜市、日進市、弥富市、みよし市、あま市、大治町、蟹江町、阿久比町、東浦町、南知多町、美浜町、武豊町、幸田町
三重県
津市、四日市市、伊勢市、松阪市、桑名市、鈴鹿市、菰野町、明和町、大台町
滋賀県
大津市
京都府
京都府、京都市、福知山市、舞鶴市、城陽市、木津川市、井手町
大阪府
大阪市、泉大津市、貝塚市、枚方市、東大阪市、交野市
兵庫県、神戸市、姫路市、尼崎市、明石市、西宮市、洲本市、芦屋市、伊丹市、豊岡市、加古川市、赤穂
兵庫県市、西脇市、宝塚市、三木市、高砂市、小野市、三田市、加東市、丹波市、南あわじ市、たつの市、多可町、稲美町、播磨町、福崎町、太子町、佐用町、香美町
奈良県
生駒市
和歌山県 和歌山県
鳥取県
鳥取市、米子市、倉吉市、境港市、北栄町、大山町
島根県
松江市、浜田市、出雲市、大田市、雲南市、川本町
岡山県
岡山市、倉敷市、津山市、総社市、矢掛町
広島県
広島市、呉市、三原市、尾道市、大竹市、廿日市市、府中町、熊野町
山口県
下関市、宇部市、山口市、萩市、防府市、下松市、岩国市、光市、長門市、柳井市、美祢市、周南市
徳島県
鳴門市、小松島市、阿南市、吉野川市、佐那河内村、石井町、北島町、上板町、つるぎ町
香川県、高松市、丸亀市、坂出市、善通寺市、観音寺市、東かがわ市、三豊市、土庄町、小豆島町、三木
香川県町、宇多津町、綾川町、琴平町、多度津町、まんのう町
愛媛県
今治市、新居浜市、大洲市、四国中央市、上島町、松前町、内子町
高知市、室戸市、安芸市、南国市、宿毛市、四万十市、香南市、香美市、東洋町、安田町、芸西村、本山
高知県町、大豊町、土佐町、いの町
福岡県
福岡市、小郡市、春日市、宗像市、福津市、宇美町、新宮町、大刀洗町、添田町、吉富町
佐賀県
佐賀県、佐賀市、鳥栖市、多久市、伊万里市、嬉野市、神埼市、吉野ヶ里町、基山町、みやき町
長崎県
長崎市、諫早市、東彼杵町
大分県
大分市、佐伯市、臼杵市、由布市
宮崎県
宮崎市、小林市、日向市、新富町、高千穂町
鹿児島県 日置市、奄美市、大和村、宇検村、瀬戸内町、龍郷町
沖縄県
那覇市、宜野湾市、糸満市、豊見城市、国頭村、金武町、北谷町、与那原町、八重瀬町
2011年10月27日現在
愛知県

Use of Area-mailTyphoonTalas(No.12)
in 2011
Area-mailSystem
SystemininKagawa
KagawaPrefecture
prefectureduring
duringTyphoonNo.12 in 2011

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The local government uses ofsocial media at the time of the Kii
peninsula flood
Tetsuya Ishikawa

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT USES OFSOCIAL MEDIA AT THE TIME OF THE KIIPENINSULA FLOOD
Tetsuya Ishikawa
The University of Tokyo, ICUSABSTRACTIn the beginning of September, 2011, typhoon 12 caused serious
damage in Kii peninsula. while the disaster, some local governments usedsocial media for distributing disaster information. In a time of disaster the
local government uses of social media still has few examples. Thus the effectand present problem is not clarified. This presentation reports The local
government uses of social media at the time of the Kii peninsula flood andclarify the effect and present problem.

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January 2012, Japan
1

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT USES OFSOCIAL MEDIA AT THE TIME OF THE
KII PENINSULA FLOOD

Master’s course student
Ishikawa Tetsuya
2

BackgroundIn the beginning of September, 2011,
typhoon No.12 caused serious damage in Kii peninsula.

while the disaster,some local governments used social media
for sending disaster information.
That the local government used social media
in a time of disaster still has few examples.
Thus the effects and problems is not clarified.
This presentation reports the local government ,Shingu city and Nachikatsuura town
uses of social media
at the time of the Kii peninsula floodand clarify the effects and problems.

@Shingu_City@Nachikatsuura
3

What‘s social media?

Every user = info. sender & taker

Share of … Movie

Friend’s news

Photo

Knowledge

Realtime information

In a time of disaster, Facebook and twitter can be used very well.

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4functions of social media

sending info. toolcommunication tool

collecting info. toolcommunity tool5

Social media is used in the time of disasterthe Great East
Japan Earthquake

Kii peninsula
flood

Thailand's Great
Flood

Sanin-heavy snow
Haiti earthquake
etc…
I explain the Great East Japan Earthquake and Kii peninsula flood,
focused on uses ofsocial media.

6

2011.3.11
The Great East Japan
EarthquakeThe
local government
uses of social
Overviewof Flood Management
in media
Japanat the time of the Kii peninsula flood

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7

Effects as sending information tool
The local government send Information by twitteror facebok,
while the local government were unable to use other information
tools for blackout of the office.

Iwate pref

Kesennuma city

Aomori prefand more

8Effects as collecting information tool
Victims collect the local information for the long-term.
For example, local information are…

Damage & recovery

Aid supply

Evacuation center

9

Effects as communication tool
Many social media users talk radiation therapy team
about radiation information through twitter.

questionanswermany people

radiation therapy team
http://twitter.com/team_nakagawa

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Effect as community tool
Reconstruction aid information portal site
“Taskeai Japan” recruit through Facebook theworkers for handling of disaster information.

11

2011.9Kii peninsula flood

Interview survey
Nachikatsuura town and Shingu city
This survey focus on twitteras local government’s information tool

12

Suspend of network lifeline
Shingu city

Nachikatsuura town

9/2
9/3
9/4
9/5
9/6
9/7
9/8

network
lifeline isbad
9/3 ~ 9/7

Shingu city
can send
informationin all daysby twitter

9/9
9/10

The
local government
uses of social
Overviewof Flood Management
in media
Japanat the time of the Kii peninsula flood

network
lifeline isbad
9/3 ~ 9/9

N-Town set up
twitter accounton 9/6

N-town only
can send
informationby twitter
9/6 ~ 9/9

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13

Effects as sending info. tool by local government
Local government send information by twitter
more quickly than the other sending tools.
→Because of no approval from boss.
OK

Web sitetwitter

Negative effects
It’s difficult to send accurate information for local resident
Because sending information quickly sacrifice accuracy.
Problems as sending info. tool
Local government can’t comprehend
how many victims get information by twitter
and where people get information by twitter.
14

Effects as collecting information tool
twitter has 2 information paths.

①Direct path : Victim get info. from local government by twitter.
②In-direct path : from person out of affected area by other tools.
Local government

Victim①②
Person out of affected area

People can get information when you need by twitter.
Because twitter is text media information tool.
15

Effects as communication tool
Response from victims

・ Many requests for government action
・ Many questions about government action→One to many communication is easier than phone.
Thus, reply for question by twitter is more efficient than phone.

Response from the other agencies

ex. NHK propose by twitter to Singu city the offer of the broadcast equipment,
when the Singu city was unable to use other communication tools .

Problem as Communication tool
Administrative officer can’t confirm all the responses from twitter .
Because they are very busy.

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Effect as community tool
Local government announce the volunteer activity by twitter
Administrative officer in Nachikatsuura said thatwith message from twitter as an opportunity,
many people join volunteer activity,and 7,965 people join the volunteer activity 9/7~10/16.

Announce of volunteer information by twitter is useful.
I mean announce out of affected area is useful.

17

Feature of each information tool by local government
public radio
area mail
Site of local
government
Twitter

inform totarget area

announce tothe volunteer

◎
◎
×
×

×
×
○
◎

Quickness

Media

○

voice
text
text
text

○
○

◎

Twitter’s features① Sending information quickly.
② Sending information to non affected area very well.
③ Getting information when you need.
④ Difficulty to send to target area.
Problem of local government’s twitter operation
Administrative officer can’t comfirm all the responses from twitter .
Because they are very busy.
18

Thank you for listening !!

Thelocal government
uses of social
Overviewof Flood Management
in media
Japanat the time of the Kii peninsula flood

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Overview of Flood Managementin JapanAkiyuki Kawasaki

OVERVIEW OF FLOOD MANAGEMENT
IN JAPAN
Akiyuki Kawasaki
The University of Tokyo, ICUS
akiyuki.kawasaki@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Flaws in preparedness and disaster response by governmental
agencies were suggested as one of the factors contributing to the damage
caused by the 2011 Thai flood. Through a field survey and interviews with
relevant authorities, we were able to clarify the emergency response of theThai government and Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) focusing
on information sharing and coordination. First, the expansion process of
the Thai flood and its damage was summarized. Second, the emergency
response situation of both the Thai government and BMA and the flood
recovery system were investigated. Finally, challenges for improving
disaster response in Thailand were discussed.

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Overview of Flood Management in Japan:
Focusing on river, rainfall and flood information

Akiyuki Kawasaki
Several slides are inserted from the following presentations at the 1st Joint Seminar of
Integrated Water Resources Management Plan for Chao Phraya River by SCWRM & JICA,
January 14th 2012:"JMA’s activities against flood-related disasters“ by Dr. Akihiko Shimpo, Office of International
Affairs, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); and "Building Safer Country by Best Mix ofStructural and Non-structural Measures including Integrated River Basin Information
Handling“ by Mr. Omata, Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT).

History of flood control in Tone River basin (400years ago)
Watarase River

Up to 15th Century, Tone River crossed the
Kanto Plain from north to south and flew into
Tokyo Bay

Tone River

From 1594 to 1654, Tone River wasconnected to Pacific Ocean by eastward
channel・After the flood in 1910, flood control
measures in upper and middle reaches
has changed from “flood control allowing
inundation” to “sequential levees
confinement”
・After this change, the maximum
discharge in the Tone River Channel has
increased, which became the main
challenge of flood control in Tone River
Basin

Kokai River
Kinu River

Watarase River

Kinu River

Kokai River

Tone River

Source: MLIT 1

History of flood control in Ara River basin (130years ago)
Up to the beginning of 19th century, upstream area of Tokyo functioned as retarding basin to protect central
Tokyo area

Geomorphological map in 1880

Retarding basin
Constriction
point to protect
central Tokyo

Sakai noWatashiEdo(Tokyo)CastleMitsumata
Wakare no
Fuchi

Mountain, hillock
PlateauNatural levee
Mound along river track
Alluvial fan
Raised bed river
Sand dune
Retarding basin

Source: MLIT 2

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Japanese metropolitan area has developed with flood defense woks
1882

37yeas1919

㪬㫉㪹㪸㫅㫀㫑㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫇㫉㫆㪾㫉㪼㫊㫊㪼㪻㩷㪻㫌㪼㩷㫋㫆㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫀㫄㫇㫉㫆㫍㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫊㪸㪽㪼㫋㫐㩷㫃㪼㫍㪼㫃㩷㪹㫐㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪼㫏㪺㪸㫍㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪘㫉㪸㩷㪩㫀㫍㪼㫉㩷㪝㫃㫆㫆㪻㫎㪸㫐
35years

1954

42years

1996

Former retarding basin area
has also been urbanized

1930
1911
Excavation of Ara River Floodway

Source: MLIT

3

Reduction of flood damages in Japan
Number of fatalities
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006

Area inundated (ha)350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0

1962

1967

1972

1977

1982

1987

1992

1997

2002

2007

Number of fatalities and inundation area have dramatically been reduced in Japandue to continuous investment in and efforts for flood mitigation.

4

Source: Water Disaster Statistics, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure Transport and Tourism

Structural (Hard) Measures for Flood Mitigation
At the great flood, the river water level rises and overflows.

A) Keeping down the water level by setting back embankmentsB) Keeping down the water level by flood control functions of dams andretarding basins

C) Keeping down the water level by dredging

It needs sea walls to preventseawater backflow.

D) Keeping down the water level by discharge channels

Flood control principles
Lowering the water level at floods tomaintain safe flow of the riverA)
Keeping down the water level by
setting back embankments (increasing theriver width) to increase the river capacityB) Keeping down the water level in thedownstream by pooling the overflowing
water at dams and retarding basins todecrease the flow volume
C) Keeping down the water level by
dredging (digging down the river bed) toincrease the river capacity (It may needs
estuary barrages.)D) Keeping down the water level in thedownstream by discharge channels to bypass
overflowing water

Discharge channel(flood bypass)

Source: MLIT 5

Overview
Overview ofof Flood
FloodManagement
ManagementininJapan
Japan

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Options in Structural (Hard) Measures for Flood Mitigation
Ratio between dams and retarding basins at major rivers of the country
100%
90%
80%
70%
50%

Toyo River (Ishida)

Ibi River (Mangoku)

63

75

78

82

Shinano Rive (Ojiya)

62

74

Kiso River (Inuyama)

60

73

Yoshino River (Iwatsu)

58

Chikugo River (Arase)

20%

57

Kuma River (Hitoyoshi)

30%

71

Tone River (Yattajima)

100

40%

Tenryu River (Kashima)

Ratio

60%
100

ダム・遊水池の分担率
Ratioof dams or retarding basins
Ratio
of river channels
河道の分担率47

Kano River (Ohito)

Onga River (Hinodebashi)

Ota River (Kumura)

Yodo River (Hirakata)0%

Ara River (Iwabuchi)

10%

The ratio designated forrivers on respective plans

Source: MLIT 6

Sharing of River Information
Since 1977: Collection of real-time precipitation and water level data advanced due to the unified
specification of telemeter systems prepared by the national government.
→ System for viewing real-time river information was developed at each on-site office.

【Social background】【Problems】○The systems used on-site were developed separately at
different offices, thus their software, hardware andoperational procedures were all different and inconsistent.
○Dedicated software was needed to view the information.
Therefore the river administrators had to order a system
upgrade to the developers even for small changes.
○Only the river information possessed by the office thatdeveloped the system could be browsed.

○Massive human damage caused by Tokai heavy rainfall
in 2000, and the severe damage caused by underground
inundation by Fukuoka heavy rainfall in 1999
→ Importance of provision and sharing of accurate
information was recognized○Improvement of the information andtelecommunications infrastructure due to theadvancement of IT technology

Launching of “Integrated River Information System “ for sharing river information nationwide in 2004.
【System features】○The data collected and provided includes not only the river information Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism (MLIT), but also the data possessed by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the prefectural and city
governments and the Road Department of MLIT, etc.
○Anyone including the public can browse the nationwide river information through the internet○The river information can be browsed through the web-based interface, thus not dependent on the system
environment.
○By incorporating a common system throughout Japan, total cost was reduced.

Source: MLIT 7Information Provision for Encouraging Evacuation
In order to promote smooth evacuation actions reference to water levels forevacuation orders have been established and categorization of water levels basedon risk levels have been implemented.
Risk
level

Water Level and Risk Level

Level

Flooding occurs

Level

Flooding nearly occurs

5

4

Level

3

Level

2

Level

1

Top of
Levee

River

Evacuation should be decided
Flood is cautionary
Flood fighters act

Houses
Levee

Flood fighters stand by

Low Flow
ChannelFlood Channel

Source: MLIT

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Sharing rainfall information
In case of Sayo town (Hyogo Prefecture) in Aug. 2009 < Etau (0909)>

Sediment disaseter alert)

100

Warning/Advisory (Heavy rain)

80

Weather Information

Warning/Advisory (Flood)

400

60
40

Monthly Normal
in August206.6mm

Precitpitation (mm)HourlyAccumulated

200

20
0

0：00
9 Aug.

12：00

0：00
10 Aug.

12：00

0Accumulated Precipitation (mm)Hourly Precipitation (mm)Advisory
Warning

Source: JMA

Overview of disaster management system
of JapanNational
Level

Usual condition

At a time of disaster

Prime minister

Headquarters for
Major Disaster Management

Central Disaster
Management Council

Designated governmentorganizations (including MLIT, JMA)
and public corporations

・Headed by the Minister of State for Disaster Management
・When disasters are severe to be managed in regional system

Headquarters for
Extreme Disaster Management
・Headed by the Prime Minister
・Unusual and extremely severe disaster

Prefectural Level
Municipal Level
Used as trigger information for disastermanagement agencies to take actions.
Source: JMA

Flood Warnings & Advisories
Heavy Rain / Flood Warning
Risk

Heavy Rain / Flood Advisory
Weather Information on Heavy Rain

Monitoring / Forecast
Observation / Analysis
Source: JMA

Overview
Overview ofof Flood
FloodManagement
ManagementininJapan
Japan

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Linkage between weather warningsand disaster responses

It is very important to deliver warnings/advisories tocontribute to the disaster responses by central/local
governments and residents (end users).
Evaculation Directives/Advisories : Local Government
 Disaster Mitigation Activities: Residents etc.


JMA
Warnings /Advisories

Local Gov.
Evacuation
Directives /Advisories

Linkage

Residents etc.
Disaster
Mitigation
Activities

Linkage

Source: JMA

Summary
To carry out effective activities against the flood
disasters, it is essential to monitor weather conditions
based on observation and forecast in both disastercondition and usual condition.
→What data is available in Thailand?
 It is essential to deliver warnings/advisories tocontribute to the disaster responses by central/local
governments and residents (end users).
→How can we achieve it ? (Target of our FS)
 To make these warnings/advisories more effective, it isuseful to determine criteria of warnings/ advisories
using historical records of disaster and rainfall
information.
→What is the criteria in Thailand?
Source: JMA

Summary (cont.)It should be emphasized that improvements in weather
information and warnings/advisories are based on theenhancement of observation systems/networks and theimprovements of forecast skills.

How is the situation in Thailand?


In addition, it is also important to establish appropriate
cooperation and coordination among relevant
agencies/organizations.
Warnings/Advisories for designated rivers: JMA - MLIT, local gov.
Making criteria of Warnings/Advisories: JMA - local gov.

→How is the status of cooperation among RID, TMD,

NDWC, Agri and Hydro Informatic Institute?

Source: JMA

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Appendix

ICUS Report 60

Participants
Dr. Haruo Sawada, Prof., ICUS, IIS

The University of Tokyo

Dr. Miho Ohara, Assoc. Prof., ICUS/CIDIR, IIS
Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki, Project Assoc. Prof., ICUS, IIS
Dr. Daisuke Komori, Research Asst. Prof., IIS(23rd)

Dr. Shinya Kondo, Project Researcher, ICUS, IIS
Ms. Salinthip Kungvalchokechai, PhD Candidate, Grad. School of Eng.
Mr. Makoto Fujiu, PhD, Candidate, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary
Information Studies (23rd – 26th)
Mr. Hirotoshi Kishi, PhD Candidate, Graduate School of Eng. (25th)
Mr. Tetsuya Ishikawa, Master’s course student
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)Dr. Sangam Shrestha, Asst. Prof., School of Engineering and Technology
Dr. Sarawut Ninsawat, Instructor, School of Engineering and Technology

Chiang Mai University

Dr. Manop Kaewmoracharoen, Lecturer, Department of Civil Eng.

Loei Fund for Nature Conservation

Mr. Adisorn Sunthararuk, RepresentativeandSustainable

Development

Mr. Akira Kodaka

Foundation

1

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Schedule
January
22nd Sun
Bangkok Æ Tokyo
23rd Mon
Work-progress-report presentation and discussion@ Room Bw601, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
10:00 - 10:20

Introduction (Self introduction, Purpose of this workshop)
Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki, ICUS-UT

10:20 – 10:40

The Chao Phraya flood and flood control measures for future
Dr. Komori Daisuke, IIS, UT

10:20 – 10:40

Disaster Response in Thailand's Great Flood 2011,
Dr. Manop Kaewmoracharoen, Chiang Mai University

10:40 – 11:00

Remarks on figuration of internet-based information from a point of viewof an end user-A case of the Thailand’s great flood 2011Mr. Akira Kodaka (Loei Fund for Nature Conservation and Sustainable Development
Foundation)

11:00 – 11:20

Loei Province and the Distribution of Disaster Information in the Loei
River Basin, Mr. Adisorn Suntrarak (Loei Fund for Nature Conservation andSustainable Development Foundation)

11:20 - 11:40

TBD
Dr. Sangam Shrestha, AIT

11:40 – 13:00

Lunch

13:00 – 13:20

Typhoon Talas – quick report from Kii Peninsula, Japan
Dr. Shinya Kondo, ICUS-UT

13:20 – 13:40

Development of Flood Inundation modeling using Sensor Network and
OGC Web Services, Dr. Sarawut Ninsawat (AIT)

13:40 – 14:00

Use of Area-mail System in Kagawa Prefecture during Typhoon No.12 in
2011, Dr. Miho Ohara, ICUS-UT

14:00 – 14:20

Automatic deforestation monitoring using high temporal resolution
remote sensing data
Ms. Salinthip Kungvalchokechai, UT

14:20 – 14:40

The local government uses of social media at the time of the Kii
peninsula flood
Mr. Tetsuya Ishikawa, UT/Chuo Univ.

14:40 - 15:00

Overview of Flood Management in Japan
Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki, ICUS-UT
2

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15:00 – 15:15

Break

15:15 – 16:15

Discussion

18:00-20:00

Welcome party at Koan (Japanese restaurant) near Ikenoue Station.

9:00

Meeting at the lobby of Faculty House (Dr. Kondo will come to pick up)

10:00 – 12:00

Visitation to the Foundation of

24th Tue

Communications

River ＆ Basin Integrated

http://www.river.or.jp/outline/index.html

12:00 – 13:30

Lunch

13:30 – 14:30

Transfer

14:30 – 16:30

Workshop and discussion for further study@ Room Bw601, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo

17:00- 18:30

2nd Welcome party@ICUS room

9:15

Meeting at the lobby of Faculty House (Dr. Kondo will come to pick up)

11:00-12:00

Visitation to Arakawa-Karyu Office in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure

25th Wed

and Transport

http://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/arage/english/index.html

12:00 - 13:00

Lunch

13:00 – 15:00

Visiting the Arata Super Embarkment
http://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/arage/disaster/now/super/shinden.html(Stopping by the top-view observation deck of Tokyo Metropolitan Government inShinjyuku on the way back Komaba, if possible)

18:00 – 20:00

Joining Niseikai Party at Komaba I Campus

TBD

Meeting at the lobby of Faculty House (Dr. Kondo will come to pick up)

09:00 – 11:00

Visitation to the Life Safety Learning Center of Tokyo Fire Department

26th Thu

http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/hp-hjbskan/
12:00 – 13:00

Lunch

13:00 – 14:00

Sumida River boat Cruise (from Asakusa to Odaiba)
http://www.suijobus.co.jp/cruise/line/as_od_line.html

14:30 – 16:00

Disaster Prevention Experience-learning Facility@The Tokyo Rinkai
Disaster Prevention Park
http://www.ktr.mlit.go.jp/showa/tokyorinkai/english/index.htm

27th FriTokyo Æ Bangkok
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Acknowledgement
This workshop was financially sponsored by Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST) on FY2011 Special Project Formation Investigation: An investigation on disaster
information dissemination system for local community in rural mountainous area in
Asia. We would like to express our great gratitude to their support on our research
activities.

謝辞
本ワークショップは、独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構（JST）平成 23 年度
特定型課題形成調査【若手 FS】課題：アジアの山間・農村地域コミュニティの災害対応力向上に向けた災害情報伝達システムの研究によって支援されました。
記して、深謝したします。

Edited by
Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki
Project Assoc. Prof., ICUS, IIS, The Univ. of Tokyo.
Coordinator, RNUS, SET, AIT.

Contact:
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering (ICUS),
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo

4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Tel: +81-3-5452-6472
email: akiyuki@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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