  .3  (,**.)
 ,  1-ῌ2+  

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,**-  ,  +-  ,**.  -  - Thermoluminescence Dating of the Latest Lava Domes
at Unzen Volcano, NW Kyushu, Japan
Eruption History of the Past ,/,*** Years after Myokendake Volcano
Takehiko YAMAGATA, Isao TAKASHIMA, Koichiro WATANABE and Eiji IZAWA
Thermoluminescence (TL) ages are obtained for ,2 samples from domes and debris avalanche deposit ofYounger Unzen Volcano. Weighted mean ages are ..+*.2 ka for Tenguyama lava, -.2*.0 ka for
Shichimenzan lava, -.+*.0 ka for Fugendake-sancho lava, -..*.0 ka for Kazaana lava, +/, ka for
Myokendake lava, ,/. ka for Kunimidake lava. Six TL ages for Tarukidaichi debris avalanche deposit range
from ,*, ka to -*- ka. We success to distinguish individual dome age by TL dating. Source rock of
Tarukidaichi debris avalanche deposit is Kunimidake lava and age range of formation is estimated as ,/ ka to 1.cal ka by TL dating and ﬁeld observation. We gave new and useful age data of Younger Unzen Volcanic lavas
by TL dating with age range about ,/ ka to - ka.
Key words : Unzen volcano, thermoluminescence dating, Myoken caldera, devris avalanche deposit, collapsed age+   bc +33/J K"d ! efge> ! +33*  ++ "#$%&'()*+

XG"hHi1j klm,-./0 +330  0 123+4567- 1 8nm

m1 - op>YX7J

9:;%<+=*> =?"@+ABC=D%E

_`a1!qrs" ST"t+uvIC

F+G/HIC/J K" 23"LM N"/O"P

YX7+ dw (+331) +x>/yz%{f"  N

QNRRG1  ST"UV1WXYGZ [%\1W SR S|f"}~g 6]+^BC _`aR>Y-ROHCYX7

7/O1! t"s+-pR!X%XJ

 2+,ῌ2/2+ o 0ῌ+*ῌ+DD_ ¡¢£
Earth Resources Engineering, Master Course of
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University,0ῌ+*ῌ+, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi 2+,ῌ
2/2+, Japan.
¤¥¦ : ,0*ῌ*2,0 §d¨oe©ª +«¬­®¯ °±¥Present address : Research Laboratory, Kawatetsu
Mining Corporation, +, Niihama-cho, Chuo-ku,
Chiba-shi ,0*ῌ*2,0, Japan.
 *+*ῌ2/*, ²w³´µª +ῌ+²wD¶·¸ ¡¹ºResearch Institute of Materials and Resources,
Faculty of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita
University, +ῌ+, Tegatagakuen-cho, Akita-shi *+*ῌ2/*,, Japan.
 2+,ῌ2/2+ o 0ῌ+*ῌ+DD_ ¡¶
Department of Earth Resources Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 0ῌ+*ῌ+, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi
2+,ῌ2/2+, Japan.
 2+,ῌ2/2+ o 0ῌ+*ῌ+DD_ ¡¶»¼
Professor of Emeritus, Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering,
Kyushu University, 0ῌ+*ῌ+, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku,
Fukuoka-shi 2+,ῌ2/2+, Japan.
Corresponding author : Takehiko Yamagata
e-mail : t-yamagata@kawako.kawatetsu.ne.jp῏¹º&974

º&»l῍&¼»L¼

  

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Watanabe, +33., :; <=:;

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MQG;

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;X

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+00-

@

¢ \0R+33*+333, =EFG H6bc dIMJV

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EFg/h=&jNO

'i

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TL

lP mQnR ; * D&

+333 ; 9 & +33+ ; Takashima and Watanabe, +33., TL  TU

RS ῍RT

; +.C

 Qn6pqVrGMWR XsGJYS ; *9[Uo=pEF=\+33/, +.C !8; TL  Z\0t] I :]S^;eKG :;P (= BD-_M`a=\;X
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qJjM=\;
kEF=

r|M}s8;

TL

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BO

TL

MQG

t6mnS;

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§

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

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',¤ *&op +33/, M¨©¥R^ ', ª¦ ©¥8_§ ¨&« TL*ucv'B

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jNO{H°sS; k῎­=±(²'}Mp6± (M³r|r| ]¯|6´µX
68; (Fig. +). * ¶p*῍ ¡¢¡'=:; ²·=  ¸³=:f^ r|
M . k ¯|M 0 k©¥R^,)  ´R N-{H°s

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75

Fig. +. Geology and sample locations of TL dating with weighted mean and range of TL ages of 0 lava units andone debris avalanche deposit (Geology is simpliﬁed from Watanabe and Hoshizumi, +33/).
I : Pyroclastic ﬂow and fan deposits of Younger Unzen Volcano, II : Heisei Lava, III : Shin’yake Lava, IV :Shichimenzan and Tenguyama Lavas, V : Fugendake-sancho, Kazaana, Shimanomine, Senbongi, Inaoyama
and Taruki-Higashi Lavas, VI : Tarukidaichi Debris Avalanche Deposit, VII : Myokendake Volcano Main
Volcanic Ediﬁce (m : Myokendake Lava ; k : Kunimidake Lava), VIII : Nodake and Fukkoshi Lavas, IX :Older Unzen Volcano
S : Shichimenzan, T : Tenguyama, Ta : Tarukidaichi, Ka : Kazaana, F : Fugendake, K : Kunimidake,
M : Myokendake 

7  311 ;<= ! ">  ! .3 '.OP#$%&'())$*+,-.

456,7  356:  / / 01 2 , 034) TL |g4H)- Table + $l,7

56,7
"$1 89:89:;<=>
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=>  ? 7@ -ῌ ῎ ῍ ΐ ῔-ῌ+TL ῒῐ῏ῑ῔/* cm BC(D'E

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$A cm1

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=>

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Z[\]^_'`a 7 ]^_b_mm _c($1 ) w¡¢£4hc $d.- ,*V g ¤c¥¦§efg4hi7)j1 +./*2ῌ+./+- k4l,7)

1 mnopq rsO

4*3),7 ¨J ,+* g' 0* .4%©Hª$?

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<=> z{|'} 

7 $?3m«¬­®¯° ± $yJ~z1  ,2 03$d.-1 TL |g4hi

\² 4,,1 ³´µ¶-·¢´$yJ¸·1 ¹l#$ l ¡¢l£¤ ¥76
Table +.

Locations and TL age data of ,2 samples collected from Younger Unzen Volcano.


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%&'(#$ (+33/)
5+,

,+,



 (,) 67;<= g 4&3>?

(-) 23ABC

@

TL 89

:



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)F4 (Annual dose, AD)

TL )* +, (+) -./*01234

:,+Rf ghi4j k#$lKm +323n

Takashima and Watanabe (+33.) !" UV:,+Rf

o 23ABC (U, Th, K, O) !"Zpqr r
s tfGH 23ABC  uv g 4ew^xyzx{]jo(U, Th, K, O)

DE 

,3*g



Zpqr

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W(X\]^_9`X N-./*01

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qC+ Q 

dy¹ºxD »¶¼¤q=)* +* mm 
 a 77    Ti ,H TL = TE 5| Ni  si $,H

=US&  NiP(Ti/si),



#&

 

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v4]

!

 45

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DEST  US$%  ¡¢y&=$n Mz

I56J={£¤|q -.+Q./0 @AB +3/1C DEF  $G?

*.0 ka M¥=q ,/Q. ka:&  ,H912 34D I56J9  }¦ =§¨40>=~+=   >=,  $-* ?

$ Mejdahl(+313) DE+=  7 b  8K82 ? '$L9&
M:; N<0<O
TLage@kaCP rstu v4]°±¯ ²Z

  s >?R@A$S TE d 'US T ,**Yῌ D

WZ EF[G\] HI^_7`Jabcd
hO N1O? //*ῐ

.ef1KLMg$
0/* nm«¬/$h­.ῌ,  

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PD ῌ
῍
῍῎
+Q῔ ῑ ῒῐ῏
AD ῍V B1)* CWX./*Y 

=&  ©=ox %ªV

TL =$G?

TE

T   g PQRSTijiUVW

kXlYQ 0*Co (/.+*m+*+, Bq) $  YQZnT 3- X ^D ³~]p´ª$hO
X ^,3 TL )*!>= + X0 $& hO p9 ~]  `e_a0b_ ? µ¶ · TE 1;o[$ . ¸& Table , n& ,3T  `e_a0b_(µ¶(·[Fo[)* 10 m 10 mm  NaI p9q @r1s@tCC udvvwxydcz0b{$\|})Z hO
-ῌ,X 

!X~]*? X ^$hO!a&%ab (-* mm) & /_`$%abc ,g $cdJ!^dE dDE?*&$)*& e&"f.iKgJ RINT,+** )*h Target : Cu

@Ni d8C K : .* kV, Ki : .* mA, jk\ :,ῐ0*, jl



.
.ῌ+

: .ῌ T 

TL 

+= =m$ Table + n   ,!>=+==mI56J (TOWM) :US(sOWM) $N<0DEG? =K8&
TOWMPῌΐNi*Tiΐ ῎῏sOWNPTOWM*ῌ῕ ΐ ῎῏Table ,. Mineral assembly of Younger Unzen Volcanic
rocks identiﬁed by X-ray di#raction.

Bz{|¹V º*+»'}¼~

78   X      !  "#  $%& '  "#$()*+,-./0

m0 $"#(b<0 P,^mL / A ,1 B
R )noC 345 6m01

Fig. , * pDJmL
9 X 

Z[=>?@D

11( 2345 6  7

E/$%qH8 5rOEFsL(8 9*( : ;< =>?@A

2/ t10:uv>,Gb

BCB( ! 1
TL "#A (DE/$%

/ FGH8 I&'(JK./L 9/M(N/ῌ+   1CB(FGH8

H(N Iwx#y10z7Jm1 {|}*O) P*+,Q +33/R STUV- W

t10KL~"# "#M(%.CB/X P0110 +322R *1Y2(80)n'Nb 9* LlO-mL

29  Z[

D

E/$%=>\]L^_=> *(Table +). P=>A 2/A8'

Qb 9*( A/01  lO"#DE/$%

=*b {|}"#*1s13`ab!5 c d4 %lO , s *m015e6f0g  7$*h"#
%+17ij89:  :;Jb( <=6 !(hk l>?@*mm .;

BCBRB t10 
S /.++./ ka PT

 +33-R (8 TL "# -.2*.0 ka SS1( vs/)n88UCBSVW  t10 0, ka PT  +33-R *1Y"#((N./01( 8 TL "#X?@1 '  X UBY ( -.+*.0 ka
Z ( -..*.0 ka *]L9*A B%L- t()n8x#[mL9*(\A*]L g z719/AY B t10 Takashima and Watanabe (+33.) ( TL "#*m0 ,.1ῌ-.. ka (Nm01]mm 9?@V(+333) (NmL b ^_(`a8]L

9*A  (N"#*! 1( b*m0SSc]01(+33.) U

g Takashima and Watanabe

*m0 * ""#Jm01

 dxef./01]LO

XM8  X?@*= 1 ML %/g"#*'Nb *1Y ?h8( 2¡1¢TL "#(k]01

TL Si>j(7k8 ( £¤X¥S  q¦b i¦*m0vsA/  §x¨© ªk« $%xlSm¬
V®¯8­|<dn°o]0±²p0

1 ( 9/A9* ³qm´/A1
l>rs8
BCB UCB {|}µ"# z¶M
Fig. ,. Photomicrographs of lavas from a) Myokendakelava (SB-**1), b) Kunimidake lava (SB-*+-).

C«t$%1 +. C "#X./01

L ·u10 (+33+) U

{|}qHv

wC«t$% +.C "# /.,*.+ cal ka Px¸Ay ¸¹º»¼S!jB#34 5% .,**+** yBP 

79 

Table + . K, O %lm7jL SB-*./A, B, C % Stuiver et al. (+332)  - {^ jB#'!n3gW% SiO,-K,O (+320) 
% +.C 

!

"

#$

%o LEF;^ +33/ ?@+p! SiO, ,L/.,*.+ cal ka &'( )%*+,

qr 6%O 12

-% TL ./! 0& TL ),CW@! 6%S2L SiO, 3\% %/1%234 56%,%%./!)& 8TX#[st#$7./!

ῌ ; K, O+.2. wtῌ ; EF;^ +33/ 7%[8#% , 8%3%98 :;%) LSiO,/2.1. wt&@! )%O%%i2<./( =>% TL *+?@,AB C

%. )V%uyr27 =`%vw

DE F!./! GC"#%HI2!7./!

J$K% L&M' , ()% + %NO P* +,..%%/0"#7Q 1.72.%3R

V%*+S( P QC3u20

YTX

L6%3%x%V67,/!7 )`

4@!ST@!)?@ %57U

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Fig. -. Shape of collapsed walls at Myoken caldera.
Abbreviations of location names are same as
Fig. +.

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Fig. .. History of Unzen Volcano in recent ,/,*** years and new proposal derived from TL age data. f* :ﬁssion-track age by Danhara et al. (+33-), k* : K-Ar age by Hoshizumi et al. (+333), k** : K-Ar age by
Hoshizumi et al. (+33.). Kikai-Ah and Aira-Tn ashes are widespread tephra derived from South Kyushu,
and the ages are widely accepted.

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Aitken, M. J. (+32/) Thermoluminescence dating. Academic Press, -/3 p.
Bell, W. T. (+313) Thermoluminescence dating : radiation
dose-rate data. Archaeometry, ,+, ,.-ῌ,./.
*V +#W,XY#-ZX.#/0/1 (+33-) [\]W^_`ab#c`d23455efg
6\]#7]8f \]hi h9j: /+.
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K-Ar 2345fJ|g6\]KL}f \]h
i h9j: 3-.
Hoshizumi, H., Uto, K. and Watanabe, K. (+333) Geology
and eruptive history of Unzen volcano, Shimabara Peninsula, Kyushu, SW Japan. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 23,2+ῌ3..
n;<=#:klm (+322) >op`qr? C: ,3, 1-ῌ2,.
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 UVW +.C 23KL} \]hi h9
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X
Y#JZ. (+312) [cJK\^cf\]w H@A +1,+.-ῌ+0-.
Dῌ. (+313)  *v\]]^_
Uv`a C: +0, +,1ῌ+-3.
Mejdahl, V. (+313) Thermoluminescence dating : beta-dose
attenuation in quartz grains. Archaeometry, ,+, 0+ῌ1,.

81  (+3/1) Wbcde
Uvf f¡uvBg45hi&jf kl 0, /ῌ+-.
Q RS (+331) \]\W\\m¢94 \]
£¤£ ¥¦/n# §o  ph +/2ῌ+12.
qrsi (+32,) g6mtfu¨y#©Ny#vNyw} xª«h¬ -1, +-ῌ,3.
= /S (+32.) g6\] xª« 32 p.
yz {#­y ®#/0¯/n#|XF (+333) \]W>op`qr2345}g°±fg6\]\TUVW b ~}j23f W 3.,+*3ῌ++3.
Stuiver, M., Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Beck, J. W., Burr, G.
S., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., McCormac, G., van derPlicht, J. and Spurk, M. (+332) INTCAL 32 radiocarbon
age calibration, ,.,***ῌ* cal BP. Radiocarbon, .*, +*.+ῌ
+*2-.
Takashima, I. (+32/) Thermoluminescence dating of volcanic rocks and alteration minerals and their application
to geothermal history. Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan, -0, -,+ῌ-00.
­y ® (+33/) >op`qr2345f @X
uv\]W45 f H@A -.,,*3ῌ,,*.
­y ® (+333)  ­V\]E] W²³´>op`qr23 \] .., ,1/ῌ,11.
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TUVW K-Ar 23 TL 23¶ · 3/,
2*1ῌ2+0.
­y ®#/0¯/n (+33+) + 2u¸[\]W
23458g6\]7]Wc TL 23 \]hi h¹9j: -,.
Takashima, I. and Watanabe, K. (+33.) Thermoluminescence age determination of lava ﬂows/domes and collapsed materials at Unzen Volcano, SW Japan. Bull.
Volcanol. Soc. Japan, -3, +ῌ+,.
Takashima, I., Mori, Y. and Mukaikubo, A. (,**,) Standardization of thermoluminescence dating of volcanic
rocks fProposal of grade check for reliable geologicalagef. Advance in ESR Application, +2, +03ῌ+1,.
Qº#Q RS (+322) g6\] yV\]»4B@A¼ +., +ῌ+*.
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