Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

CHAPTER 8REPORTING GUIDANCE AND TABLES

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

8.1

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

Authors
María José Sanz Sánchez (Spain),
Sumana Bhattacharya (India), and Katarina Mareckova (Slovakia)

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2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

Contents
8

Reporting Guidance and Tables
8.1

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 8.4

8.2

Reporting guidance ............................................................................................................................. 8.4

8.2.1

Coverage ...................................................................................................................................... 8.4

8.2.2

Gases included ............................................................................................................................. 8.5

8.2.3

Time frame of reporting .............................................................................................................. 8.6

8.2.4

Sectors and categories ................................................................................................................. 8.6

8.2.5

Notation keys and completeness information .............................................................................. 8.7

8.2.6

Units and digits ............................................................................................................................ 8.7

8.2.7

Time series .................................................................................................................................. 8.7

8.2.8

Indirect N2O ................................................................................................................................ 8.8

8.3

Introduction to reporting tables ........................................................................................................... 8.8

8.4

Other reporting .................................................................................................................................... 8.9

8.5Classification and definition of categories .......................................................................................... 8.9

References ......................................................................................................................................................... 8.34
Annex 8A.1

Prefixes, units and abbreviations, standard equivalents ......................................................... 8A1.1

Annex 8A.2

Reporting Tables ........................................................................................................................ T.1

TablesTable 8.1

Notation Keys ...................................................................................................................... 8.7

Table 8.2

Classification and definition of categories of emissions and removals ............................. 8.10

Boxes
Box 8.1

Reporting emissions of precursors ....................................................................................... 8.6

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

8 REPORTING GUIDANCE AND TABLES
8.1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides guidance for reporting complete, consistent and transparent national greenhouse gas
inventories, regardless the method used to produce the data. The framework for reporting emissions andremovals provided in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (1996
Guidelines, IPCC, 1997)has been further elaborated for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories (2006 Guidelines) without introducing substantial changes. Most of the changes from the 1996
Guidelines are motivated by the need to report emissions and removals from additional categories of sources andsinks in a transparent way. Other changes are introduced to increase the consistency in reporting, or as a result of
methodology development over the last 10 years. The categories of agriculture and land-use change and forestry
have been restructured resulting in increased completeness and consistency. Since many countries will have
prepared inventories for more than one year, tables to report trends in emissions and removals have been
included as reporting tables. Reporting tables for general inventory issues, such as uncertainties, key category
identification are also provided.

8.2

REPORTING GUIDANCE

8.2.1

Coverage

Anthropogenic emissions and removals
The 2006 Guidelines are designed to estimate and report on national inventories of anthropogenic greenhousegas emissions and removals. Anthropogenic emissions and removals means that greenhouse gas emissions andremovals included in national inventories are a result of human activities.

National inventory
National inventories should include greenhouse gas emissions and removals taking place within national territoryand offshore areas over which the country has jurisdiction. There are, however, some specific issues to be taken
into account:•

Emissions from fuel for use on ships or aircraft engaged in international transport should not be included innational totals. To ensure global completeness, these emissions should be reported separately.

•

CO2 emissions from road vehicles should be attributed to the country where the fuel is sold to the end user.
The same allocation principle can be applied to other gases depending on the tier used to estimate emissions.

•Fishing includes emissions from fuel used in inland, coastal and deep sea fishing. Emissions resulting fromfuel used in coastal and deep sea fishing should be allocated to the country delivering the fuel.

•Military fuel use is reported under “1A5 Non-specified”, and this category includes fuel deliveries for all
mobile and stationary consumption (e.g., ships, aircraft, road and energy used in living quarters) of thecountry. Emissions from multilateral operations pursuant to the Charter of the United Nations are notincluded in national totals. It is good practice to document clearly which activities have been included under
the category multilateral operations and report as memo item in the reporting tables.

•

Fugitive emissions from pipelines transporting, e.g., oil, gas, or CO2, should be allocated according to thenational territory of the pipeline, including offshore areas. This implies that emissions from one pipeline
may be distributed between two or more countries.

•

Emissions associated with the injection and possible subsequent leakage of CO2 stored in geologicalformations should be linked to the country in whose national jurisdiction or by whose international right the
point of injection is located. This includes any emissions arising from leakage of CO2 from a geologicalformation that crosses a national boundary.

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2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables•

The IPCC methodology for carbon stored in non fuel products manufactured from fossil fuels or other nonbiogenic sources of carbon takes into account emissions released from their production, use and destruction.
Emissions are estimated at each stage when and where they occur, for example in waste incineration.

•

Where CO2 emissions are captured from industrial processes or large combustion sources, emissions shouldbe allocated to the sector generating the CO2 unless it can be shown that the CO2 is stored in properly
monitored geological storage sites as set out in Chapter 5 of Volume 2. Emissions from CO2 captured foruse, for example in greenhouses and soft drinks, and transported offsite should be allocated to the sector
where the CO2 was captured.

•CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for energy are estimated and reported in AFOLU Sector as part ofnet changes in carbon stocks.

•

When reporting harvested wood products (HWP), countries can select any of the approaches reflected in
Chapter 12 of Volume 4 for the AFOLU Sector when estimating their emissions/removals from HWP.

•

N2O resulting from atmospheric nitrogen deposition is allocated to the country emitting nitrogen oxides andammonia and it is assumed that N2O is emitted in the same year.

8.2.2

Gases included

The 2006 Guidelines can be applied for the following two groups of greenhouse gases1:

Greenhouse gases with a GWP in the TAR and not covered by the Montreal
ProtocolIn addition to the greenhouse gases included in the 1996 Guidelines, gases for which global warming potential(GWP) values are given in the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) are included in the 2006 Guidelines2
unless they are covered by the Montreal Protocol.
The greenhouse gases included are:•carbon dioxide (CO2)•methane (CH4)•

nitrous oxide (N2O)•

hydroflurocarbons (HFCs: e.g., HFC-23 (CHF3), HFC-134a (CH2FCF3), HFC-152a (CH3CHF2))•

perfluorocarbons (PFCs: CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C4F10, c-C4F8, C5F12, C6F14)•

sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)•nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)•

trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride (SF5CF3)•

halogenated ethers (e.g., C4F9OC2H5, CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2, CHF2OCF2OCHF2 )•other halocarbons not covered by the Montreal Protocol including CF3I, CH2Br2, CHCl3, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2.

Other halogenated greenhouse gases not covered by the Montreal Protocol
The 2006 Guidelines also provide estimation methods for halogenated greenhouse gases which are not coveredby the Montreal Protocol and for which a GWP values are not available from the TAR, inter alia:

1

In a few cases, although methods are available, the 2006 Guidelines do not provide default emission factors for all
category-gas combinations due to limited research or literature. If a country expects that emissions of these gases occur ina category for which no default emission factors are provided, it is good practice to explore the feasibility of developing
country-specific data in order to include these emissions in the inventory. If it is not possible to develop country-specificdata, countries should provide documentation that these emissions occur but were not estimated.

2

See the IPCC Third Assessment Report “Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis” by Working Group I:
Table 6.7 (http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/248.htm#tab67), andTable 6.8 (http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/249.htm#tab68).

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting•

C3F7C(O)C2F5 3

•

C7F16

•

C4F6

•

C5F8

•

c- C4F8O

Some of the methods can be used for other halocarbons not controlled by the Montreal Protocol (including e.g.,
several fluids and blends e.g., traded under the commercial labels of the Fluorinert™, and Galden® productfamilies)4.
These and other greenhouse gases can only be considered in key category analysis or included in national total
emissions using GWP values from sub-sequent Assessment Reports of the IPCC. If these GWP values are not
yet available countries are encouraged to provide estimates for them in mass units using the methods provided in
the 2006 Guidelines. Reporting tables are provided for this purpose.

Other gases
Emissions of the ozone precursors nitrogen oxide (NOx) non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) andcarbon monoxide (CO) and the aerosol precursors sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ammonia (NH3) should be reported in
the appropriate tables if the country has prepared an inventory of these gases. Box 8.1 gives brief explanation ofthese gases.
BOX 8.1
REPORTING EMISSIONS OF PRECURSORS5

NOx includes NO and NO2 reported in NO2 mass equivalents.
SO2 includes all sulphur compounds expressed in SO2 mass equivalents.
NMVOC means any non-methane organic compound having at 293.15 K a vapour pressure of 0.01
kP or more, or having a corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use.
NH3 is reported in NH3 mass units.

8.2.3

Time frame of reporting

It is good practice to use a calendar year for reporting emissions and removals. Chapter 2, Approaches to Data
Collection, provide guidance how to proceed when data for the calendar year reporting are not available or notconsidered suitable.

8.2.4

Sectors and categories

The 2006 Guidelines group emissions and removals categories into five main sectors.
•

Energy•Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)•

Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)

•

Waste

•

Other

3

This gas is traded as Novec™612 which is a fluorinated ketone produced by 3M (Milbrath, 2002).

4

The Fluorinert™ materials are selected from fully fluorinated alkanes, ethers, tertiary amines and aminoethers and mixtures
thereof to obtain the desired properties. The Galden® fluids span a range of fully fluorinated polyethers, called
perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs).

5

Guidance on reporting and definitions are consistent with the 2002 reporting guidelines of the Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution, available in Air Pollution Studies series, No.15, 2003. (http://www.emep.int/index.html)

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2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

Compared to the 1996 Guidelines grouping the sector “Solvent and Other product Use” has been combined with
Industrial Processes, and Agriculture has been combined with Land-Use Change and Forestry. Additional
subcategories or further disaggregation have been added to increase the completeness and transparency. Table
8.2 in Section 8.5 shows the classification and definition of categories and subcategories of emissions andremovals for all 5 sectors.

8.2.5

Notation keys and completeness information

In all tables used by countries to summarise their inventory data, it is good practice to fill in information for all
entries. If actual emission and removal quantities have not been estimated or can not otherwise be reported in thetables, the inventory compiler should use qualitative notation keys in Table 8.1 and provide supporting
documentation. Notation keys are appropriate if emission estimates or removal are incomplete, or representativeof only a part of the total activity, or require clarification when specific greenhouse gas emissions were notreported, for any particular source or sink category. In this way it is good practice to report on the completenessof each individual emission estimate.
Completeness means that inventory estimates have been prepared for all categories and gases. A country may
consider that a disproportionate amount of effort would be required to collect data for a category or a gas from a
specific category that would be insignificant in terms of the overall level and trend in national emissions. In thesecircumstances a country should list all categories and gases from categories excluded on these grounds, together
with a justification for exclusion in terms of the likely level of emissions or removals and identify the category as'Not Estimated' using the notation key 'NE' in the reporting tables.

TABLE 8.1
NOTATION KEYS
Notation Key

Definition

ExplanationNE

Not estimatedEmissions and/or removals occur but have not been estimated or reported.

IE

Included elsewhere

Emissions and/or removals for this activity or category are estimated andincluded in the inventory but not presented separately for this category.
The category where these emissions and removals are included should beindicated (for example in the documentation box in the correspondent
table).

C

Confidential information

Emissions and/or removals are aggregated and included elsewhere in theinventory because reporting at a disaggregated level could lead to thedisclosure of confidential information.

NA

Not applicable

The activity or category exists but relevant emissions and removals are
considered never to occur. Such cells are normally shaded in the reportingtables.

NO

Not occurring

An activity or process does not exist within a country.

8.2.6

Units and digits

SI units (International System of Units) should be used in the worksheets, sectoral and summary tables and otherdocumentation. Emissions and removals should be expressed in mass units and units have to be used consistently
within the sector. Emissions in summary and sectoral tables are generally expressed in gigagram (Gg). Other SI
mass units may be used to increase the transparency. The number of significant digits of values reported should
be appropriate to their magnitude (precision 0.1 percent of national total is adequate for each gas). For somegases, as specified in individual sector tables, emissions and removals should be reported as CO2 equivalents.
All conversion factors used to convert from original units should be reported in a transparent way.

8.2.7

Time series

It is good practice to complete all the reporting tables (summary, sectoral, cross-sectoral) for each year in which
an inventory is available.

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

It is good practice to summarise the aggregated inventory data from different years in the trend tables (Table 6A
to 6G).

8.2.8

Indirect N 2 O

N2O emissions from atmospheric deposition of NH3 and NOx are reported in Table 5.2 for all sectors.
An overview and general description of methodologies to estimate indirect emissions of N2O are given in
Chapter 7 of Volume 1.

8.3

INTRODUCTION TO REPORTING TABLES

The reporting tables in Annex 8A.2 are designed to ensure that inventory compilers can report quantitative data
in a standard format and to facilitate consistency between countries, categories, gases and years.
The set of inventory reporting tables consist of:Summary and short summary tables
Summary and short summary tables allow the inventory compiler to report all emissions and removals ataggregated level for an overview of national totals for the actual year.
The summary tables also allow reporting of memo items including international bunkers and multilateral
operations. These emissions are not included in national total emissions of greenhouse gases.
Two tables are included:
Table A

Summary table

Table B

Short summary table

Sectoral and background tables
Sectoral tables enable reporting of emissions and removals, for all relevant categories and subcategories listed inTable 8.2. Background tables allow reporting of activity data and related emissions at the subcategory level tofacilitate transparency and consistency of information. Information items that are usually not themselves
emissions, for example carbon dioxide stored long-term in the storage sites, are reported separately as additional
information under respective sectors for increased transparency.
The following tables are included.
Table 1

Energy Sectoral Table

Table 1.1 – 1.5

Energy Background Tables

Table 2IPPU Sectoral Table

Table 2.1 – 2.12 IPPU Background Tables
Table 3

AFOLU Sectoral Table

Table 3.1 – 3.10 AFOLU Background Tables
Table 4

Waste Sectoral Table

Table 4.1 – 4.3

Waste Background Tables

Cross-sectoral table
Cross-sectoral tables enable inventory compilers to report indirect emissions of N2O. Indirect missions arereported in separate columns of Cross-sectoral Table 5A.
Table 5A

8.8

Cross-sectoral Table: Indirect emissions of N2O

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

Emission trend tables by gas
Trend tables enable inventory compilers to report all greenhouse gas emissions and removals at an aggregatedlevel for entire inventory period. It is good practice to complete trend tables if an inventory is available, even if
the information is not complete. Reporting of emission trends can help inventory compilers to track time seriesconsistency of the estimates.
Table 6A – 6C

Trends of CO2, CH4 and N2O

Emissions of fluorinated gases are aggregated in three groups and expressed in Gg of CO2 equivalent.
Table 6D – 6F

Trends of HFC, PFC and SF6

Emissions of other greenhouse gases are aggregated and expressed in Gg of CO2 equivalent, if they are reported
and included in national totals.
Table 6G

Trends of Other Gases

Uncertainty and key categories tables

8.4

Table 7A

Uncertainties

Table 7B

Summary of key category analysis

OTHER REPORTING

In addition to reporting tables listed in Section 8.3, it is good practice to report tabular information onrecalculations (see Table 5.2 in Chapter 5, Time Series Consistency, of this Volume).
Additional documentation is needed to ensure the transparency of inventories as part of an inventory report
document. An inventory report should clearly explain the assumptions and methodologies used to facilitate
replication and assessment of the inventory by users and third parties. Transparency can be ensured throughfollowing the guidance on documentation of each category described in the sectoral Volumes 2-5, and for Tier 1
methods by completing the worksheets. Countries using higher tier methods should provide additional
documentation in addition to, or instead of the worksheets. Such explanatory information should include crossreferences to the tables.
The documentation should include a description of the basis for methodological choice, emission factors, activity
data and other estimation parameters, including appropriate references and documentation of expert judgements.
The inventory report should also include information on the implementation of a QA/QC plan, verification,
splicing of methodologies, recalculations and uncertainty assessment as well as other qualitative information
relative to data collection, uncertainty, identification of key categories and recalculation mentioned in thecorrespondent documentation section of the sectoral volumes.

8.5

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF
CATEGORIES

Table 8.2 introduces the classification and definition of categories and subcategories6 of emissions and removals(consistent with the sectoral, sectoral background and cross-sectoral tables provided in Annex 8A.2). The
correspondence with the reporting categories of the 1996 Guidelines is also provided in the third column ofTable 8.2. A fourth column identifies gases that may be relevant to each category. Additional guidance on gases
is provided in Volumes 2-5 and in Table 7.1 of Chapter 7 of this Volume for indirect gases. 7

6

The nomenclature for the levels within the category list is: category, subcategory - 1st order, subcategory - 2nd order,
subcategory – 3rd order, etc.

7

In order to facilitate transparent reporting of emissions of non-CO2 gases and CO2 emissions from liming in the AFOLU
Sector, reporting is based on aggregated categories (3C) taking into account that data may not be available to report thoseemissions by land.

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 ENRGY

This category includes all GHG emissions arising fromcombustion and fugitive releases of fuels. Emissions fromthe non-energy uses of fuels are generally not included
here, but reported under Industrial Processes and ProductUse Sector.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Gases

1 A

Fuel Combustion Activities

Emissions from the intentional oxidation of materials within 1A
an apparatus that is designed to raise heat and provide it
either as heat or as mechanical work to a process or for use
away from the apparatus.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

1 A 1

Energy Industries

Comprises emissions from fuels combusted by the fuel 1A1
extraction or energy-producing industries.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2
CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 1

a

Main Activity Electricity and Heat Sum of emissions from main activity producers of electricity
Production
generation, combined heat and power generation, and heatplants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public
utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primaryactivity is to supply the public. They may be in public or
private ownership. Emissions from own on-site use of fuelshould be included. Emissions from autoproducers(undertakings which generate electricity/heat wholly or
partly for their own use, as an activity that supports theirprimary activity) should be assigned to the sector where
they were generated and not under 1 A 1 a. Autoproducers
may be in public or private ownership.

1 A 1

a i

Electricity Generation

Comprises emissions from all fuel use for electricity
generation from main activity producers except those fromcombined heat and power plants.

1A1a i

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 1

a ii

Combined Heat and Power
Generation (CHP)

Emissions from production of both heat and electrical power 1A1a ii
from main activity producers for sale to the public, at asingle CHP facility.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 1

a iii

Heat Plants

Production of heat from main activity producers for sale bypipe network.

1A1a iii

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 1

b

Petroleum Refining

All combustion activities supporting the refining of petroleum 1A1b
products including on-site combustion for the generation ofelectricity and heat for own use. Does not include
evaporative emissions occurring at the refinery. Theseemissions should be reported separately under 1 B 2 a.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 1

c

Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Combustion emissions from fuel use during the manufacture 1A1c
Other Energy Industriesof secondary and tertiary products from solid fuels including
production of charcoal. Emissions from own on-site fuel use
should be included. Also includes combustion for thegeneration of electricity and heat for own use in theseindustries.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 1

c i

Manufacture of Solid Fuels

Emissions arising from fuel combustion for the production of 1A1c icoke, brown coal briquettes and patent fuel.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

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Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 A 1

1A1c ii
Combustion emissions arising from the energy-producing
industries own (on-site) energy use not mentioned above orfor which separate data are not available. This includes theemissions from own-energy use for the production of
charcoal, bagasse, saw dust, cotton stalks and carbonizingof biofuels as well as fuel used for coal mining, oil and gas
extraction and the processing and upgrading of natural gas.
This category also includes emissions from pre-combustion
processing for CO2 capture and storage. Combustion
emissions from pipeline transport should be reported under1 A 3 e.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1A2
Emissions from combustion of fuels in industry. Also
includes combustion for the generation of electricity andheat for own use in these industries. Emissions from fuelcombustion in coke ovens within the iron and steel industry
should be reported under 1 A 1 c and not withinmanufacturing industry. Emissions from the industry sector
should be specified by sub-categories that correspond to
the International Standard Industrial Classification of all
Economic Activities (ISIC). Energy used for transport byindustry should not be reported here but under Transport (1A 3). Emissions arising from off-road and other mobile
machinery in industry should, if possible, be broken out asa separate subcategory. For each country, the emissions
from the largest fuel-consuming industrial categories ISIC
should be reported, as well as those from significant
emitters of pollutants. A suggested list of categories isoutlined below.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

c ii

1 A 2

Other Energy Industries

Manufacturing Industries andConstruction

Gases

1 A 2

a

Iron and Steel

ISIC Group 271 and Class 2731.

1 A 2

b

Non-Ferrous Metals

ISIC Group 272 and Class 2732.

1A2b

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

c

Chemicals

ISIC Division 24.

1A2c

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

d

Pulp, Paper and Print

ISIC Divisions 21 and 22.

1A2d

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

e

Food Processing, Beverages
and Tobacco

ISIC Divisions 15 and 16.

1A2e

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

f

Non-Metallic Minerals

Includes products such as glass ceramic, cement, etc.
ISIC Division 26.

1A2f

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

g

Transport Equipment

ISIC Divisions 34 and 35.

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

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TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 A 2

h

Machinery

Includes fabricated metal products, machinery andequipment other than transport equipment.
ISIC Divisions 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32.

1A2f

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

i

Mining (excluding fuels) and
Quarrying

ISIC Divisions 13 and 14.

NA

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

j

Wood and Wood Products

ISIC Division 20.

NA

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

k

Construction

ISIC Division 45.

1A2f

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 2

l

Textile and Leather

ISIC Divisions 17, 18 and 19.

NA

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Non-specified Industry:

Any manufacturing industry/construction not included above NAor for which separate data are not available. Includes ISIC
Divisions 25, 33, 36 and 37.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Emissions from the combustion and evaporation of fuel for 1A3
all transport activity (excluding military transport),
regardless of the sector, specified by sub-categories below.
Emissions from fuel sold to any air or marine vessel
engaged in international transport (1 A 3 a i and 1 A 3 d i)should as far as possible be excluded from the totals andsubtotals in this category and should be reported
separately.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

1 A 2 m1 A 3

Transport

Gases

1 A 3

a

Civil Aviation

1A3a
Emissions from international and domestic civil aviation,
including take-offs and landings. Comprises civilcommercial use of airplanes, including: scheduled andcharter traffic for passengers and freight, air taxiing, andgeneral aviation. The international/domestic split should bedetermined on the basis of departure and landing locations
for each flight stage and not by the nationality of the airline.
Exclude use of fuel at airports for ground transport which isreported under 1 A 3 e Other Transportation. Also exclude
fuel for stationary combustion at airports; report thisinformation under the appropriate stationary combustion
category.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

a i

International Aviation(International Bunkers)

Emissions from flights that depart in one country and arrive
in a different country. Include take-offs and landings forthese flight stages. Emissions from international militaryaviation can be included as a separate sub-category ofinternational aviation provided that the same definitional
distinction is applied and data are available to support thedefinition.

1A3a i

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

a ii

Domestic Aviation

Emissions from civil domestic passenger and freight trafficthat departs and arrives in the same country (commercial,private, agriculture, etc.), including take-offs and landings
for these flight stages. Note that this may include journeysof considerable length between two airports in a country(e.g. San Francisco to Honolulu). Exclude military, whichshould be reported under 1 A 5 b.

1A3a ii

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

8.12

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 A 3

b

Road Transportation

All combustion and evaporative emissions arising from fueluse in road vehicles, including the use of agricultural
vehicles on paved roads.

1A3b

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b i

Cars

Emissions from automobiles so designated in the vehicle
registering country primarily for transport of persons andnormally having a capacity of 12 persons or fewer.

1A3b i

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b i 1 Passenger Cars With 3-way
Catalysts

Emissions from passenger car vehicles with 3-way
catalysts.

1A3b i

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b i 2 Passenger Cars Without 3-way
Catalysts

Passenger car emissions from vehicles without 3-way
catalysts.

1A3b i

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b ii

Emissions from vehicles so designated in the vehicle
registering country primarily for transportation of lightweight cargo or which are equipped with special features
such as four-wheel drive for off-road operation. The grossvehicle weight normally ranges up to 3500-3900 kg or less.

1A3b ii,
1A3b i

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b ii 1 Light-duty Trucks With 3-way
Catalysts

Emissions from light duty trucks with 3-way catalysts.

1A3b ii

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b ii 2 Light-duty Trucks Without 3-way Emissions from light duty trucks without 3-way catalysts.
Catalysts

1A3b ii

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b iii

Heavy-duty Trucks and Buses

Emissions from any vehicles so designated in the vehicle
registering country. Normally the gross vehicle weight
ranges from 3500-3900 kg or more for heavy duty trucks
and the buses are rated to carry more than 12 persons.

1A3b iii

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b iv

Motorcycles

Emissions from any motor vehicle designed to travel withnot more than three wheels in contact with the ground andweighing less than 680 kg.

1A3b iv

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b v

Evaporative Emissions from
VehiclesEvaporative emissions from vehicles (e.g. hot soak, running 1A3b v
losses) are included here. Emissions from loading fuel into
vehicles are excluded.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

b vi

Urea-based Catalysts

CO2 emissions from use of urea-based additives in catalytic
converters (non-combustive emissions).

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

c

Railways

Emissions from railway transport for both freight andpassenger traffic routes.

Light-duty Trucks

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

1A3c

Gases

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

8.13

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 A 3

d

Water-borne Navigation

Emissions from fuels used to propel water-borne vessels,
including hovercraft and hydrofoils, but excluding fishingvessels. The international/domestic split should bedetermined on the basis of port of departure and port ofarrival, and not by the flag or nationality of the ship.

1A3d

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

d i

International Water-borne
Navigation (International
Bunkers)

1A3d iEmissions from fuels used by vessels of all flags that are
engaged in international water-borne navigation. Theinternational navigation may take place at sea, on inland
lakes and waterways and in coastal waters. Includes
emissions from journeys that depart in one country andarrive in a different country. Exclude consumption by fishingvessels (see Other Sector - Fishing). Emissions frominternational military water-borne navigation can be
included as a separate sub-category of international waterborne navigation provided that the same definitional
distinction is applied and data are available to support thedefinition.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

d ii

Domestic Water-borne
Navigation

Emissions from fuels used by vessels of all flags that depart 1A3d ii
and arrive in the same country (exclude fishing, whichshould be reported under 1 A 4 c iii, and military, whichshould be reported under 1 A 5 b). Note that this may
include journeys of considerable length between two ports
in a country (e.g. San Francisco to Honolulu).

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

e

Other Transportation

Combustion emissions from all remaining transport
activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities nototherwise reported under 1 A 4 c Agriculture or 1 A 2.
Manufacturing Industries and Construction. Militarytransport should be reported under 1 A 5 (see 1 A 5 Nonspecified).

1A3de

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

e i

Pipeline Transport

Combustion related emissions from the operation of pumpstations and maintenance of pipelines. Transport via
pipelines includes transport of gases, liquids, slurry andother commodities via pipelines. Distribution of natural or
manufactured gas, water or steam from the distributor to
final users is excluded and should be reported in 1 A 1 c ii
or 1 A 4 a.

1A3e

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 3

e ii

Off-road

Combustion emissions from Other Transportation excluding 1A3e
Pipeline Transport.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1A4

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

1 A 4

Other Sectors

Emissions from combustion activities as described below,
including combustion for the generation of electricity andheat for own use in these sectors.

Gases

1 A 4

a

Commercial/Institutional

1A 4 aEmissions from fuel combustion in commercial andinstitutional buildings; all activities included in ISIC Divisions
41,50, 51, 52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 4

b

Residential

All emissions from fuel combustion in households.

1A4b

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 4

c

Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing/Fish Emissions from fuel combustion in agriculture, forestry,Farms
fishing and fishing industries such as fish farms. Activities
included in ISIC Divisions 01, 02 and 05. Highway
agricultural transportation is excluded.

1A4c

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

8.14

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 A 4

c i

Stationary

Emissions from fuels combusted in pumps, grain drying,horticultural greenhouses and other agriculture, forestry or
stationary combustion in the fishing industry.

1A4ci

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 4

c ii

Off-road Vehicles and Other
MachineryEmissions from fuels combusted in traction vehicles onfarm land and in forests.

1A3e

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 4

c iii

Fishing (mobile combustion)

Emissions from fuels combusted for inland, coastal anddeep-sea fishing. Fishing should cover vessels of all flags
that have refuelled in the country (include international
fishing).

1A4ciii

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

1 A 5

Non-Specified

Gases

All remaining emissions from fuel combustion that are not 1A5
specified elsewhere. Include emissions from fuel delivered
to the military in the country and delivered to the military ofother countries that are not engaged in multilateral
operations
Emissions from fuel sold to any air or marine vessel
engaged in multilateral operation pursuant to the Charter of
the United Nations should be excluded from the totals andsubtotals of the military transport, and should be reported
separately.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 5

a

Stationary

Emissions from fuel combustion in stationary sources thatare not specified elsewhere.

1A5a

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 5

b

MobileEmissions from vehicles and other machinery, marine andaviation (not included in 1 A 4 c ii or elsewhere).

1A5b

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 5

b i

Mobile (Aviation Component)

All remaining aviation emissions from fuel combustion thatare not specified elsewhere. Include emissions from fueldelivered to the country’s military not otherwise included
separately in 1 A3 a i as well as fuel delivered within thatcountry but used by militaries of other countries that are notengaged in multilateral operation pursuant to the Charter of
the United Nations.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 5

b ii

Mobile (Water-borne
Component)

All remaining water-borne emissions from fuel combustionthat are not specified elsewhere. Include emissions fromfuel delivered to the country’s military not otherwise
included separately in 1 A3 d i as well as fuel delivered
within that country but used by militaries of other countries
that are not engaged in multilateral operation pursuant to
the Charter of the United Nations.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 5

b iii

Mobile (Other)

All remaining emissions from mobile sources not included
elsewhere.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 A 5

c

Multilateral Operations

Emissions from fuel sold to any air or marine vessel
engaged in multilateral operations pursuant to the Charterof the United Nations should be excluded from the totals
and subtotals of the military transport, and should bereported separately.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

8.15

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 B

Fugitive Emissions from Fuels

Includes all intentional and unintentional emissions from the 1B
extraction, processing, storage and transport of fuel to thepoint of final use.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,1 B 1

Solid Fuels

Includes all intentional and unintentional emissions from the 1B1
extraction, processing, storage and transport of fuel to thepoint of final use.

CO2,
CH4,

Gases

1 B 1

a

Coal Mining and Handling

Includes all fugitive emissions from coal.

1B1a

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

a i

Underground Mines

Includes all emissions arising from mining, post-mining,abandoned mines and flaring of drained methane.

1B1a i

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

a i 1 Mining

Includes all seam gas emissions vented to atmospherefrom coal mine ventilation air and degasification systems.

1B1a i

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

a i 2 Post-mining Seam Gas
Emissions

1B1a i
Includes methane and CO2 emitted after coal has been
mined, brought to the surface and subsequently processed,
stored and transported.

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

a i 3 Abandoned Underground Mines Includes methane emissions from abandoned undergroundmines.

1B1a i

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

a i 4 Flaring of Drained Methane orMethane drained and flared, or ventilation gas converted toConversion of Methane to CO2 CO2 by an oxidation process should be included here.
Methane used for energy production should be included inVolume 2, Energy, Chapter 2 ‘Stationary Combustion’.

1B1a i

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

a ii

1B1a ii

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

a ii 1 Mining

Includes methane and CO2 emitted during mining frombreakage of coal and associated strata and leakage fromthe pit floor and high wall.

1 B 1

a ii 2 Post-mining Seam Gas
Emissions

Includes methane and CO2 emitted after coal has been
mined, subsequently processed, stored and transported.

1B1a ii

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 1

b

Uncontrolled Combustion, andBurning Coal Dumps

Includes fugitive emissions of CO2 from uncontrolled
combustion in coal.

1B1c

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

1 B 1

c

Solid Fuel Transformation

Fugitive emissions arising during the manufacture ofsecondary and tertiary products from solid fuels.

1B1b

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Comprises fugitive emissions from all oil and natural gas
activities. The primary sources of these emissions may
include fugitive equipment leaks, evaporation losses,
venting, flaring and accidental releases.

1B2

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

Surface Mines

Oil and Natural Gas

Includes all seam gas emissions arising from surface coalmining.

CO2,
CH4,

1 B 2

a

Oil

1B2a
Comprises emissions from venting, flaring and all otherfugitive sources associated with the exploration, production,transmission, upgrading, and refining of crude oil anddistribution of crude oil products.

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

a i

Venting

Emissions from venting of associated gas and waste
gas/vapour streams at oil facilities.

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

a ii

Flaring

Emissions from flaring of natural gas and waste gas/vapour
streams at oil facilities.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

a iii

All Other

Fugitive emissions at oil facilities from equipment leaks,
storage losses, pipeline breaks, well blowouts, land farms,
gas migration to the surface around the outside ofwellhead casing, surface casing vent bows, biogenic gas
formation from tailings ponds and any other gas or vapour
releases not specifically accounted for as venting or flaring.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

8.16

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
Category Code and Name

Definition

1 B 2

a iii I

Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) from oilwell drilling, drill stem testing, and well completions.

1 B 2

96 GLsCategory
Code

Gases

1B2a i

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

a iii 2 Production and Upgrading

1B2a ii
Fugitive emissions from oil production (excluding venting
and flaring) occur at the oil wellhead or at the oil sands or
shale oil mine through to the start of the oil transmission
system. This includes fugitive emissions related to wellservicing, oil sands or shale oil mining, transport ofuntreated production (i.e , well effluent, emulsion, oil shale
and oilsands) to treating or extraction facilities, activities at
extraction and upgrading facilities, associated gas reinjection systems and produced water disposal systems.
Fugitive emission from upgraders are grouped with thosefrom production rather than those from refining since theupgraders are often integrated with extraction facilities andtheir relative emission contributions are difficult to establish.
However, upgraders may also be integrated with refineries,
co-generation plants or other industrial facilities and theirrelative emission contributions can be difficult to establish inthese cases.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

a iii 3 Transport

Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) related to 1B2a iii
the transport of marketable crude oil (including
conventional, heavy and synthetic crude oil and bitumen) to
upgraders and refineries. The transportation systems may
comprise pipelines, marine tankers, tank trucks and railcars. Evaporation losses from storage, filling and unloading
activities and fugitive equipment leaks are the primarysources of these emissions.

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

a iii 4 Refining

Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) at
petroleum refineries. Refineries process crude oils, natural
gas liquids and synthetic crude oils to produce final refined
products (e.g., primarily fuels and lubricants). Where
refineries are integrated with other facilities (for example,
upgraders or co-generation plants) their relative emission
contributions can be difficult to establish.

1B2a iv

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

a iii 5 Distribution of Oil ProductsThis comprises fugitive emissions (excluding venting andflaring) from the transport and distribution of refined
products, including those at bulk terminals and retailfacilities. Evaporation losses from storage, filling andunloading activities and fugitive equipment leaks are theprimary sources of these emissions.

1B2a v

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

a iii 6 Other

Fugitive emissions from oil systems (excluding venting andflaring) not otherwise accounted for in the above
categories. This includes fugitive emissions from spills andother accidental releases, waste oil treatment facilities andoilfield waste disposal facilities.

1B2a vi

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,1 B 2bNatural Gas

1B2b
Comprises emissions from venting, flaring and all otherfugitive sources associated with the exploration, production,
processing, transmission, storage and distribution of naturalgas (including both associated and non-associated gas).

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b i

Venting

Emissions from venting of natural gas and waste
gas/vapour streams at gas facilities.

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b ii

Flaring

Emissions from flaring of natural gas and waste gas/vapour
streams at gas facilities.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b iii

All Other

Fugitive emissions at natural gas facilities from equipment
leaks, storage losses, pipeline breaks, well blowouts, gas
migration to the surface around the outside of wellhead
casing, surface casing vent bows and any other gas orvapour releases not specifically accounted for as venting or
flaring.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b iii 1 Exploration

Exploration

Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) from gas
well drilling, drill stem testing and well completions.

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

1Bb i

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

8.17

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

1 B 2

b iii 2 Production

Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) from thegas wellhead through to the inlet of gas processing plants,
or, where processing is not required, to the tie-in points on
gas transmission systems. This includes fugitive emissions
related to well servicing, gas gathering, processing andassociated waste water and acid gas disposal activities.

1Bb ii

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b iii 3 Processing

Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) from gas
processing facilities.

1Bb iii

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b iii 4 Transmission and Storage

1B2b ii
Fugitive emissions from systems used to transport
processed natural gas to market (i.e., to industrial
consumers and natural gas distribution systems). Fugitive
emissions from natural gas storage systems should also be
included in this category. Emissions from natural gas liquids
extraction plants on gas transmission systems should bereported as part of natural gas processing (Sector
1.B.2.b.iii.3). Fugitive emissions related to the transmissionof natural gas liquids should be reported under Category
1.B.2.a.iii.3.

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b iii 5 Distribution

Fugitive emissions (excluding venting and flaring) from the
distribution of natural gas to end users.

NA

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

1 B 2

b iii 6 Other

Fugitive emissions from natural gas systems (excluding
venting and flaring) not otherwise accounted for in theabove categories. This may include emissions from well
blowouts and pipeline ruptures or dig-ins.

1B2 c

CO2,
CH4,
NMVOC,

Gases

1 B 3

Other Emissions from Energy
Production

Other fugitive emissions for example, from geo thermalenergy production, peat and other energy production notincluded in 1.B.2.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

1 C

Carbon Dioxide Transport andStorage

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) involves
the capture of CO2 from anthropogenic sources, its
transport to a storage location and its long-term isolationfrom the atmosphere. Emissions associated with CO2transport, injection and storage are covered under category
1C. Emissions (and reductions) associated with CO2
capture should be reported under the IPCC Sector in which
capture takes place (e.g. Fuel Combustion or Industrial
Activities).

CO2,

Transport of CO2

This comprises fugitive emissions from the systems used totransport captured CO2 from the source to the injection site.
These emissions may comprise losses due to fugitiveequipment leaks, venting and releases due to pipeline
ruptures or other accidental releases (e.g., temporarystorage).

CO2,

1 C 1

1 C 1

a

Pipelines

Fugitive emissions from the pipeline system used totransport CO2 to the injection site.

CO2,

1 C 1

b

Ships

Fugitive emissions from the ships used to transport CO2 tothe injection site.

CO2,

1 C 1

c

Other (please specify)

Fugitive emissions from other systems used to transport
CO2 to the injection site and temporary storage

CO2,

Injection and Storage

Fugitive emissions from activities and equipment at the
injection site and those from the end containment once theCO2 is placed in storage.

CO2,

1 C 2

1 C 2

a

Injection

Fugitive emissions from activities and equipment at the
injection site.

CO2,

1 C 2

b

Storage

Fugitive emissions from the end equipment once the CO2 isplaced in storage.

CO2,

Other

Any other emissions from CCS not reported elsewhere.

CO2,

1 C 3

8.18

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
Category Code and Name

Definition

96 GLsCategory
Code

Gases
CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases,NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT Emissions from industrial processes and product use,
USE
excluding those related to energy combustion (reported
under 1A), extraction, processing and transport of fuels(reported under 1B) and CO2 transport, injection andstorage (reported under 1C).

2A

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Process-related emissions from the production of various
types of cement (ISIC: D2694).

2A1

CO2,
CH4,

Lime Production

Process-related emissions from the production of various
types of lime (ISIC: D2694).

2A2

CO2,
CH4

2 A 3

Glass Production

Process-related emissions from the production of various
types of glass (ISIC: D2610).

2A3, 2A4 CO2,
CH4

2 A 4

Other Process Uses of Carbonates

Includes limestone, dolomite and other carbonates etc.
Emissions from the use of limestone, dolomite and othercarbonates should be included in the industrial source
category where they are emitted. Therefore, for example,
where a carbonate is used as a flux for iron and steel
production, resultant emissions should be reported under
2C1 “Iron and Steel Production” rather than thissubcategory.

2A3, 2A4 CO2,
CH4,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 A

Mineral Industry

2 A 1

Cement Production

2 A 2

2 A 4

a

Ceramics

Process-related emissions from the production of bricks
and roof tiles, vitrified clay pipes, refractory products,
expanded clay products, wall and floor tiles, table andornamental ware (household ceramics), sanitary ware,technical ceramics, and inorganic bonded abrasives (ISIC:
D2691, D2692 and D2693).

2A3

CO2,
CH4

2 A 4

b

Other Uses of Soda Ash

This should include emissions from soda ash use that are
not included elsewhere. For example, soda ash used forglass should be reported in 2A3.

2A4

CO2,
CH4,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

2 A 4

c

Non Metallurgical Magnesia
Production

This source category should include emissions frommagnesia production that are not included elsewhere. For
example, where magnesia production is used for primaryand secondary magnesium production, emissions should
be reported in relevant source category in Metals.

2A3

CO2,
CH4

2 A 4

d

Other (please specify)

Process-related emissions reported under this sub-category 2A3
should include all other miscellaneous uses of limestone,
dolomite and other carbonates, except from uses alreadylisted in the sub-categories above, and uses as fluxes or
slagging agents in the Metals and Chemicals industries, orfor the liming of soils and wetlands in Agriculture, Forestry
and Other Land Uses (ISIC D269).

CO2,
CH4,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

2A7

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 A 5

Other (please specify)

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

8.19

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
Category Code and Name

Definition

96 GLsCategory
Code

Gases

2B, 2A4, CO2,
3C
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases,NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 B

Chemical Industry

2 B 1

Ammonia Production

Ammonia (NH3) is a major industrial chemical and the mostimportant nitrogenous material produced. Ammonia gas isused directly as a fertilizer, in heat treating, paper pulping,
nitric acid and nitrates manufacture, nitric acid ester andnitro compound manufacture, explosives of various types,
and as a refrigerant. Amines, amides, and miscellaneous
other organic compounds, such as urea, are made fromammonia. The main greenhouse gas emitted from NH3
production is CO2. CO2 used in the production of urea, adownstream process, should be subtracted from the CO2
generated and accounted for in the AFOLU Sector.

2B1

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

2 B 2

Nitric Acid Production

2B2
Nitric acid is used as a raw material mainly in the
manufacture of nitrogenous-based fertiliser. Nitric acid may
also be used in the production of adipic acid and explosives(e.g., dynamite), for metal etching and in the processing of
ferrous metals. The main greenhouse gas emitted from
HNO3 production is nitrous oxide.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

2 B 3

Adipic Acid Production

Adipic acid is used in the manufacture of a large number of
products including synthetic fibres, coatings, plastics,
urethane foams, elastomers and synthetic lubricants. The
production of Nylon 6.6 accounts for the bulk of adipic aciduse. The main greenhouse gas emitted from adipic acidproduction is nitrous oxide.

2B3

N2O,
CO2,
CH4
NOx,

,

2 B 4

Caprolactam, Glyoxal and Glyoxylic
Acid Production

2B5
Most of the annual production of caprolactam(NH(CH2)5CO) is consumed as the monomer for nylon-6
fibres and plastics, with a substantial proportion of the fibreused in carpet manufacturing. All commercial processes forthe manufacture of caprolactam are based on either
toluene or benzene. This subcategory also covers
production of glyoxal (ethanedial) and glyoxylic acidproduction. The main greenhouse gas emitted from thissubcategory is nitrous oxide.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

2 B 5

Carbide Production

The production of carbide can result in emissions of CO2,
CH4, CO and SO2. Silicon carbide is a significant artificial
abrasive. It is produced from silica sand or quartz andpetroleum coke. Calcium carbide is used in the productionof acetylene, in the manufacture of cyanamide (a minor
historical use), and as a reductant in electric arc steel
furnaces. It is made from calcium carbonate (limestone)
and carbon-containing reductant (petroleum coke).

2B4

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

2 B 6

Titanium Dioxide Production

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most important white pigment. 2B5
The main use is in paint manufacture followed by paper,
plastics, rubber, ceramics, fabrics, floor covering, printing
ink, and other miscellaneous uses. The main production
process is the chloride route, giving rise to CO2 emissions
that are likely to be significant. This category also includes
synthetic rutile production using the Becher process, andtitanium slag production, both of which are reduction
processes using fossil fuels and resulting in CO2 emissions.
Synthetic rutile is the major input to TiO2 production using
the chloride route.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

8.20

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

2 B 7

Soda Ash Production

Soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) is a white crystalline 2A4
solid that is used as a raw material in a large number ofindustries including glass manufacture, soap anddetergents, pulp and paper production and water treatment.
Emissions of CO2 from the production of soda ash varydependent on the manufacturing process. Four different
processes may be used to produce soda ash. Three ofthese processes, monohydrate, sodium sesquicarbonate(trona) and direct carbonation, are referred to as naturalprocesses. The fourth, the Solvay process, is classified asa synthetic process.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,

2 B 8Petrochemical and Carbon Black
Production

2B5

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Gases

2 B 8 aMethanol

Methanol production covers production of methanol fromfossil fuel feedstocks [natural gas, petroleum, coal] using
steam reforming or partial oxidation processes. Productionof methanol from biogenic feedstocks (e.g., byfermentation) is not included in this source category.

2B5

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NMVOC

2 B 8 b

Ethylene

2B5Ethylene production covers production of ethylene fromfossil fuel-derived feedstocks at petrochemical plants by thesteam cracking process. Production of ethylene fromprocesses situation within the boundaries of petroleum
refineries is not included in this source category. The
greenhouse gases produced from ethylene production arecarbon dioxide and methane.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 B 8 cEthylene Dichloride and Vinyl
Chloride Monomer

Ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride monomer production
covers production of ethylene dichloride by direct oxidationor oxychloination of ethylene, and the production of vinyl
chloride monomer from ethylene dichloride. The
greenhouse gases produced from production of ethylene
dichloride production and vinyl chloride monomer
production are carbon dioxide and methane.

2B5

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
CO,
NMVOC

2 B 8 dEthylene Oxide

Ethylene oxide production covers production of ethyleneoxide by reaction of ethylene and oxygen by catalyticoxidation. The greenhouse gases produced from ethyleneoxide production are carbon dioxide and methane.

2B5

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 B 8 eAcrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile production covers production of acrylonitrile
from ammoxidation of propylene, and associatedproduction of acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide from theammoxidation process. The greenhouse gases produced
from production of acrylonitrile are carbon dioxide andmethane.

2B5

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NMVOC

2 B 8 fCarbon Black

Carbon black production covers production of carbon blackfrom fossil fuel-derived feedstocks (petroleum or coalderived carbon black feedstock, natural gas, acetylene).
Production of carbon black from biogenic feedstocks is notincluded in this source category.

2B5, 3C

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

2 B 9

Fluorochemical Production

2E

HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases,

2E1

HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenatedgases

2 B 9 aBy-product Emissions

Fluorochemical Production covers the complete range offluorochemicals, whether or not the principal products aregreenhouse gases. Emissions encompass HFCs, PFCs,
SF6 and all other halogenated gases with global warming
potential listed in IPCC assessment reports. The mostsignificant by-product emission is that of HFC-23 from the
manufacture of HCFC-22 and this is described separately.

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

8.21

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

2 B 9 b

2E2
These are emissions of the principal product from theprocess to manufacture it and so fluorochemical productionin this context is limited to HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and otherhalogenated gases with global warming potential listed in
IPCC assessment reports.

HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2B5

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases,NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

2C

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases,NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Fugitive Emissions

2 B 10

Other (Please specify)

2 C

Metal Industry

2 C 1

Iron and Steel Production

Carbon dioxide is the predominant gas emitted from theproduction of iron and steel. The sources of the carbon
dioxide emissions include that from carbon-containing
reducing agents such as coke and pulverized coal, and,from minerals such as limestone and dolomite added.

2C1

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 C 2

Ferroalloys Production

2C2
Ferroalloys production covers emissions from primary
metallurgical reduction production of the most common
ferroalloys, i.e. ferro-silicon, silicon metal, ferro-manganese,silicon manganese, and ferro-chromium, excluding thoseemissions relating to fuel use. From the production of thesealloys, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), andmethane (CH4) originating from ore- and reductant raw
materials, is emitted.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 C 3

Aluminium Production

Aluminium Production covers primary production ofaluminium, except the emissions related to the use of fuel.
Carbon dioxide emissions result from the electrochemical
reduction reaction of alumina with a carbon-based anode.
Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and hexafluoroethane (C2F6) arealso produced intermittently. No greenhouse gases areproduced in recycling of aluminium other than from thefuels uses for metal remelting. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)emissions are not associated with primary aluminium
production; however, casting of some high magnesium
containing alloys does result in SF6 emissions and theseemissions are accounted for in Section 2C4, Magnesium
Production.

2C3

CO2,
CH4,
PFCs,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 C 4

Magnesium Production

2C4
Magnesium production covers GHG emissions related toboth primary magnesium production as well as oxidation
protection of magnesium metal during processing (recycling
and casting), excluding those emissions relating to fuel use.
In the primary production of magnesium, carbon dioxide(CO2) is emitted during calcination of dolomite andmagnesite raw materials. Primary production of magnesium
from non-carbonate raw materials does not emit carbon
dioxide. In the processing of liquid magnesium, cover gases
containing carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur hexafluoride(SF6), the hydrofluorocarbon HFC 134a or the fluorinatedketone FK 5-1-12 ( C3F7C(O)C2F5) may be used. Partial
thermal decomposition and/or reaction between thesecompounds and liquid magnesium generates secondary
compounds such as perfluorocarbons (PFCs), which are
emitted in addition to unreacted cover gas constituents.

CO2,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases,NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

8.22

For example, gases with global warming potential listed in
IPCC assessment reports that do not fall within any
categories above could be reported here, if they are
estimated.

Gases

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

2 C 5

Lead Production

Lead production covers production by the sintering/smelting 2C5
process as well as direct smelting. Carbon dioxide
emissions result as a product of the use of a variety ofcarbon-based reducing agents in both production
processes.

CO2

2 C 6

Zinc Production

2C5
Zinc production covers emissions from both primary
production of zinc from ore as well as recovery of zinc from
scrap metals, excluding emissions related to fuel use.
Following calcination, zinc metal is produced through one ofthree methods; 1-electro-thermic distillation, 2-pyrometallurgical smelting or 3-electrolysis. If method 1 or 2 isused, carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted. Method 3 does not
result in carbon dioxide emissions. Recovery of zinc frommetal scrap often uses the same methods as primary
production and may thus produce carbon dioxide
emissions, which is included in this section.

CO2

2 C 7

Other (please specify)

2C5

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases,NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 D

Non-Energy Products from Fuels The use of oil products and coal-derived oils primarily
and Solvent Use
intended for purposes other than combustion.

1, 2A5,
2A6, 3

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 D 1

Lubricant Use

Lubricating oils, heat transfer oils, cutting oils and greases.

1, 3

CO2

1, 3

CO2,
CH4,
N2O

Gases

2 D 2

Paraffin Wax Use

Oil-derived waxes such as petroleum jelly, paraffin waxes
and other waxes.

2 D 3

Solvent Use

3A, 3BNMVOC emissions from solvent use e.g. in paintapplication, degreasing and dry cleaning should becontained here. Emissions from the use of HFCs and PFCs
as solvents should be reported under 2F5.

2 D 4

Other (please specify)

For example, CH4, CO and NMVOC emissions from asphalt 2A5, 2A6, CO2,
3D
CH4,
production and use (including asphalt blowing), as well as
N2O,
NMVOC emissions from the use of other chemical products
NOx,CO,than solvents should be contained here, if relevant.

NMVOC

NMVOC,
SO2

2F6

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
PFCs,
HFCs,
SF6,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2F6

CO2,
N2O,
PFCs,
HFCs,
SF6,
other
halogenated
gases

Uses and emissions of predominantly CF4, CHF3, NF3 and 2F6SF6 during the fabrication of thin-film transistors (TFTs) on
glass substrates for flat panel display manufacture. In
addition to these gases, C2F6, C3F8 and c-C4F8 may also be
used and emitted during the manufacture of thin and smart
displays.

PFCs,
HFCs,
SF6,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 E

Electronics Industry

2 E 1

Integrated Circuit or Semiconductor

Emissions of CF4, C2F6, C3F8, c-C4F8, C4F6, C4F8O, C5F8,
CHF3, CH2F2, NF3 and SF6 from uses of these gases inIntegrated Circuit (IC) manufacturing in rapidly evolving
ways and in varying amounts, which depend on product(e.g., memory or logic devices) and equipment
manufacturer.

2 E 2

TFT Flat Panel Display

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

8.23

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

2 E 3

Photovoltaics

Photovoltaic cell manufacture may use and emit CF4 andC2F6 among others.

2F6

PFCs,
HFCs,
SF6,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 E 4

Heat Transfer Fluid

Heat transfer fluids, which include several fully fluorinated 2F6
carbon compounds (either in pure form or in mixtures) withsix or more carbon atoms, used and emitted during IC
manufacture, testing and assembly. They are used inchillers, temperature shock testers and vapour phase reflow
soldering.

otherhalogen
ated
gases

2 E 5

Other (please specify)

2F6

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 F

Product Uses as Substitutes for
Ozone Depleting Substances

2F

CO2,
HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 F 1

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

2F1

CO2,
HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2 F 1 a2F1
Refrigeration and Stationary Air The application domains are domestic refrigeration,
Conditioning
commercial refrigeration, industrial processes, stationary air
conditioning.

CO2,
HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2 F 1 bMobile Air Conditioning

2F1

CO2,
HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

8.24

Refrigeration and air-conditioning systems are usuallyclassified in six application domains or categories. These
categories utilise different technologies such as heatexchangers, expansion devices, pipings and compressors.
The six application domains are domestic refrigeration,commercial refrigeration, industrial processes, transport
refrigeration, stationary air conditioning, mobile airconditioning systems. For all these applications, various
HFCs are selectively replacing CFCs and HCFCs. For
example, in developed countries, HFC-134a has replaced
CFC-12 in domestic refrigeration and mobile air
conditioning systems, and blends of HFCs such as R-407C(HFC-32/HFC-125/HFC-134a) and R-410A (HFC-32/HFC125) are replacing HCFC-22 mainly in stationary air
conditioning. Other, non HFC substances are used toreplace CFCs and HCFCs such as iso-butane in domestic
refrigeration or ammonia in industrial refrigeration. HFC152a is also being considered for mobile air conditioning inseveral regions.

The application domains are transport refrigeration, mobile
air-conditioning systems.

Gases

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

2 F 2

Foam Blowing Agents

2F2
HFCs are being used as replacements for CFCs and
HCFCs in foams, particularly in closed-cell insulation
applications. Compounds that are being used include HFC245fa, HFC-365mfc, HFC-227ea, HFC-134a, and HFC152a. The processes and applications for which thesevarious HFCs are being used include insulation boards andpanels, pipe sections, sprayed systems and onecomponent gap filling foams. For open-cell foams, such as
integral skin products for automotive steering wheels andfacias, emissions of HFCs used as blowing agents arelikely to occur during the manufacturing process. In closedcell foam, emissions not only occur during the
manufacturing phase, but usually extend into the in-use
phase and often the majority of emission occurs at the endof-life (de-commissioning losses). Accordingly, emissions
can occur over a period of up to 50 years or even longer.

CO2,
HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 F 3

Fire Protection

2F3
There are two general types of fire protection (firesuppression) equipment that use greenhouse gases as
partial replacements for halons: portable (streaming)
equipment, and fixed (flooding) equipment. The non-ozone
depleting, industrial gases HFCs, PFCs and more recently
a fluoroketone are mainly used as substitutes for halons,typically halon 1301, in flooding equipment. PFCs played
an early role in halon 1301 replacement but current use islimited to replenishment of previously installed systems.
HFCs in portable equipment, typically replacing halon 1211,
are available but have achieved very limited market
acceptance due primarily to their high cost. PFC use in
new portable extinguishers is currently limited to a small
amount (few percent) in an HCFC blend.

CO2,
HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 F 4

Aerosols

Most aerosol packages now contain hydrocarbon (HC) as 2F4
propellants but, in a small fraction of the total, HFCs and
PFCs may be used as propellants or solvents. Emissions
from aerosols usually occur shortly after production, on
average six months after sale. During the use of aerosols,
100% of the chemical is emitted. The 5 main sources are
metered dose inhalers (MDIs), personal care products (e.g.
hair care, deodorant, shaving cream), household products(e.g. air-fresheners, oven and fabric cleaners), industrial
products (e.g. special cleaning sprays such as those for
operating electrical contact, lubricants, pipe-freezers) andother general products (e.g. silly string, tire inflators,
claxons), although in some regions the use of such generalproducts is restricted. The HFCs currently used as
propellants are HFC 134a, HFC 227ea, and HFC 152a. The
substance HFC 43 10mee and a PFC, perfluorohexane, areused as solvents in industrial aerosol products.

HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 F 5

Solvents

2F5
HFCs and, to a much lesser extent PFCs, are being usedas substitutes for ozone depleting substances (mostnotably CFC-113). Typical HFCs used are HFC-365mfc
and HFC-43-10mee. Use of these fluorinated replacements
is much less widespread than the ozone depleting
substances they replace. Re-capture and re-use is alsomuch more widely practiced The primary areas of use are
precision cleaning, electronics cleaning, metal cleaning anddeposition applications. Emissions from aerosols containing
solvents should be reported undercategory 2F4 "Aerosols"
rather than under this category.

HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 F 6

Other Applications (please specify)

The properties of ozone depleting substances have made 2F6them attractive for a variety of niche applications notcovered in other sub-source categories. These include
electronics testing, heat transfer, dielectric fluid and medical
applications. The properties of HFCs and PFCs are equallyattractive in some of these sectors and they have been
adopted as substitutes. There are also some historical usesof PFCs, as well as emerging use of HFCs, in theseapplications. These applications have leakage rates
ranging from 100% emissive in year of application toaround 1% per annum.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Gases

8.25

Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
Category Code and Name
2 G

OTHER PRODUCT MANUFACTURE
AND USE2 G 1

Electrical Equipment

Definition

Electrical equipment is used in the transmission anddistribution of electricity above 1 kV. SF6 is used in gasinsulated switchgear (GIS), gas circuit breakers (GCB),
gas-insulated transformers (GIT), gas-insulated lines (GIL),
outdoor gas-insulated instrument transformers, reclosers,
switches, ring main units and other equipment.

96 GLsCategory
Code

Gases

2F6, 3D

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
HFCs,
PFCs,
SF6,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2 G 1 aManufacture of Electrical
Equipment

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2 G 1 bUse of Electrical Equipment

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2 G 1 cDisposal of Electrical Equipment

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 G 2

SF6 and PFCs from Other Product
Uses

2 G 2 aMilitary Applications

Military applications include AWACS, which are militaryreconnaissance planes of the Boeing E-3A type. In
AWACS (and possibly other reconnaissance planes), theSF6 is used as an insulating gas in the radar system.

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2 G 2 bAccelerators

Particle accelerators are used for research purposes (atuniversities and research institutions), for industrial
applications (in cross-linking polymers for cable insulationand for rubber parts and hoses), and in medical(radiotherapy) applications.

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogenatedgases

2 G 2 cOther (please specify)

This source includes adiabatic uses, sound-proof glazing,
PFCs used as heat transfer fluids in consumer andcommercial applications, PFCs used in cosmetic andmedical applications, and PFCs and SF6 used as tracers.

2F6

SF6,
PFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

2 G 3
2 G 3 aN2O from Product Uses
Medical Applications

2 G 3 bPropellant for Pressure andAerosol Products

2 G 3 cOther (Please specify)

2 G 4

8.26

Other (Please specify)

3D

N2O

This source covers evaporative emissions of nitrous oxide 3D(N2O) that arise from medical applications (anaesthetic use,analgesic use and veterinary use). N2O is used during
anaesthesia for two reasons: a) as an anaesthetic andanalgesic and as b) a carrier gas for volatile fluorinatedhydrocarbon anaesthetics such as isoflurane, sevofluraneand desflurane.
This source covers evaporative emissions of nitrous oxide 3D(N2O) that arise from use as a propellant in aerosol
products primarily in food industry. Typical usage is tomake whipped cream, where cartridges filled with N2O areused to blow the cream into foam.

N2O

3D

N2O

2F6, 3D

CO2,
CH4,
HFCs,
other
halogen
ated
gases

N2O

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
Category Code and Name

Definition

96 GLsCategory
Code

Gases

2 H

Other

2D1,
2D2, 2G

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 H 1

Pulp and Paper Industry

2D1

CO2,
CH4,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 H 2

Food and Beverages Industry

2D2

CO2,
CH4,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

2 H 3

Other (please specify)

2G

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

4,5

CH4,
N2O,
CO2

3 AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND OTHER
LAND USE

Emissions and removals from forest land, cropland,grassland, wetlands, settlements, and other land. Also
includes emissions from livestock and manure
management, emissions from managed soils, andemissions from liming and urea application. Methods toestimate annual harvested wood product (HWP) variables
are also covered in this category.

3 A

Livestock

Methane emissions from enteric fermentation, and methane 4
and nitrous oxide emissions from manure management.

CH4

3 A 1

Enteric Fermentation

Methane emissions from herbivores as a by-product ofenteric fermentation (a digestive process by whichcarbohydrates are broken down by micro-organisms into
simple molecules for absorption into the bloodstream).
Ruminant animals (e.g., cattle, sheep) are major sources
with moderate amounts produced from non-ruminantanimals (e.g., pigs, horses).

4A

CH4

3 A 1 aCattleMethane emissions from dairy cows and other cattle.

4A1

CH4

3 A 1 a i

Dairy Cows

Methane emissions from cattle producing milk forcommercial exchange and from calves and heifers being
grown for dairy purposes.

4A1a

CH4

3 A 1 a ii

Other Cattle

Methane emissions from all non-dairy cattle including: cattle 4A1b
kept or grown for meat production, draft animals, andbreeding animals.

CH4

3 A 1 bBuffalo

Methane emissions from buffalo.

4A2

CH4

3 A 1 c

Sheep

Methane emissions from sheep.

4A3

CH4

3 A 1 dGoats

Methane emissions from goats.

4A4

CH4

3 A 1 eCamelsMethane emissions from camels.

4A5

CH4

3 A 1 fHorsesMethane emissions from horses.

4A6

CH4
CH4

3 A 1 gMules and Asses

Methane emissions from mules and asses.

4A7

3 A 1 hSwine

Methane emissions from swine.

4A8

CH4

3 A 1 jOther (please specify)

Methane emissions from other livestock (e.g. alpacas,
llamas, deer, reindeer, etc.).

4A10

CH4

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure under low oxygen or anaerobic
conditions. These conditions often occur when large
numbers of animals are managed in a confined area (e.g.
dairy farms, beef feedlots, and swine and poultry farms),
where manure is typically stored in large piles or disposedof in lagoons and other types of manure management
systems.

4B

CH4,
N2O

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from cattle.

4B1

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2

3 A 2 aManure Management

Cattle2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

3 A 2 a i

Dairy Cows

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from dairy cows.

3 A 2 a ii

Other Cattle

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from other cattle.

3 A 2 bBuffalo

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from buffalo.

4B2

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 c

Sheep

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from sheep.

4B3

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 dGoats

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from goats.

4B4

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 eCamelsMethane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from camels.

4B5

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 fHorsesMethane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from horses.

4B6

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 gMules and Asses

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from mules and assess.

4B7

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 hSwine

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from swine.

4B8

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 i

Poultry

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from poultry including chicken,
broilers, turkeys, and ducks.

4B9

CH4,
N2O

3 A 2 jOther (please specify)

4B13
Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from thedecomposition of manure from other livestock (e.g. alpacas,
llamas, deer, reindeer, fur-bearing animals, ostriches, etc.)

CH4,
N2O

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

4B1a

Gases
CH4,
N2O
CH4,
N2O

3 B

Land

5
Emissions and removals from five land use categories(Forest land, Cropland, Grasslands, Settlements, and Otherland) except for sources listed under 3C (Aggregate
sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land) . Except
for Wetlands, the greenhouse gas inventory involves
estimation of changes in carbon stock from five carbon
pools (i.e. aboveground biomass, belowground biomass,
dead wood, litter, and soil organic matter), as appropriate.

3 B 1

Forest Land

Emissions and removals from lands with woody vegetationconsistent with thresholds used to define forest land in thenational GHG inventory, sub-divided into managed andunmanaged, and possibly also by climatic region, soil typeand vegetation type as appropriate. It also includes
systems with vegetation that currently fall below, but are
expected to later exceed, the threshold values used by acountry to define the forest land category.

5A,5B,5D CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Emissions and removals from managed forests andplantations which have always been under forest land use
or other land categories converted to forest over 20 years
ago (default assumption).

5A

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 1 aForest land Remaining ForestLand

3 B 1 b

5A,5C,5D CO2,
Land Converted to Forest Land Emissions and removals from lands converted to forest
CH4
land. Includes conversion of cropland, grassland, wetlands,
N2O,
settlements, and other land to forest land. Even abandonedNOx,CO,
lands which are regenerating to forest due to human
NMVOC,
activities are also included.
SO2

3 B 1 b i

Cropland Converted to Forest
Land

Emissions and removals from cropland converted to forest
land.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 1 b ii

Grassland Converted to Forest
Land

Emissions and removals from grassland converted to forest
land.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

8.28

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

3 B 1 b iii

Wetlands Converted to Forest
Land

Emissions and removals from wetlands converted to forestland.

3 B 1 b iv

Settlements Converted to Forest Emissions and removals from settlements converted toforest land.
Land

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 1 b v

Other Land Converted to Forest Emissions and removals from other land converted to forest
land.
Land

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

3 B 2

Cropland

Gases
CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Emissions and removals from arable and tillage land, rice
fields, and agro-forestry systems where vegetation falls
below the thresholds used for the forest land category.

4C, 4D,4F, 5A,5B, 5D

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 2 aCropland Remaining Cropland

Emissions and removals from cropland that has notundergone any land use change during the inventory
period.

4C, 4D,4F, 5A,
5D

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 2 bLand Converted to Cropland

Emissions and removals from lands converted to cropland.
Includes conversion of forest land, grassland, wetlands,
settlements, and other land to cropland.

5B, 5D

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 2 b i

Forest Land Converted to
CroplandEmissions and removals from forest land converted tocropland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 2 b ii

Grassland Converted to
CroplandEmissions and removals from grassland converted tocropland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 2 b iii

Wetlands Converted to
CroplandEmissions and removals from wetlands converted tocropland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 2 b iv

Settlements Converted to
CroplandEmissions and removals from settlements converted tocropland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 2 b v

Other Land Converted to
CroplandEmissions and removals from other land converted tocropland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
Category Code and Name

Definition

3 B 3Emissions and removals from rangelands and pasture landthat is not considered cropland. It also includes systems
with woody vegetation that fall below the threshold values
used in the forest land category and are not expected to
exceed them, without human intervention. The category
also includes all grassland from wild lands to recreational
areas as well as agricultural and silvi-pastural systems,
subdivided into managed and unmanaged, consistent withnational definitions.

Grassland

96 GLsCategory
Code

Gases

4D, 4E,
CO2,
5A,5B,5C CH4
5D
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 3 aGrassland Remaining Grassland Emissions and removals from grassland remaining
grassland.

4D, 4E,
5A,5D

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 3 bLand Converted to Grassland

Emissions and removals from land converted to grassland.

5B, 5C,
5D

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 3 b i

Forest Land Converted to
Grassland

Emissions and removals from forest land converted tograssland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 3 b ii

Cropland Converted to
Grassland

Emissions and removals from cropland converted tograssland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 3 b iii

Wetlands Converted to
Grassland

Emissions and removals from wetlands converted tograssland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 3 b iv

Settlements Converted to
Grassland

Emissions and removals from settlements converted tograssland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 3 b v

Other Land Converted to
Grassland

Emissions and removals from other land converted tograssland.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

3 B 4

Wetlands

Emissions from land that is covered or saturated by water
for all or part of the year (e.g., peatland) and that does not
fall into the forest land, cropland, grassland or settlements
categories. The category can be subdivided into managed
and unmanaged according to national definitions. It
includes reservoirs as a managed sub-division and naturalrivers and lakes as unmanaged sub-divisions.

5A, 5B,5E, 4D

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Emissions from peatland undergoing peat extraction andfrom flooded land remaining flooded land.

3 B 4 aWetlands Remaining Wetlands

5A, 5D,5E, 4D

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 4 a i

Peatlands Remaining peatlands Includes (1) on-site emissions from peat deposits during the 5A, 5E,
4D
extraction phase and (2) off-site emissions fromhorticultural use of peat. The off-site emissions from theenergy use of peat are reported in the Energy Sector andare therefore not included in this category.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

8.30

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

3 B 4 a ii

Flooded Land Remaining
Flooded Land5A, 5E
Emissions from flooded land remaining flooded land.
Flooded lands are defined as water bodies where humanactivities have caused changes in the amount of surface
area covered by water, typically through water level
regulation. Examples of flooded lands include reservoirs forthe production of hydroelectricity, irrigation, navigation, etc.
Regulated lakes and rivers that have not experienced
substantial changes in water area in comparison with thepre-flooded ecosystem are not considered as flooded
lands. Some rice paddies are cultivated through flooding ofland, but because of the unique characteristics of ricecultivation, rice paddies are addressed in 3C7.

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 4 bLand Converted to Wetlands

Emissions from land being converted for peat extraction
from land converted to wetland.

5B, 5E

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 4 b i

Land Converted for Peat
Extraction

Emissions from land being converted for peat extraction

5B, 5E

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 4 b ii

Land Converted to Flooded
Land

Emissions from land converted to flooded land

5B, 5E

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,SO2

3 B 4 b iii

Land Converted to Other
Wetlands

Emissions from land converted to other wetlands thanflooded land and land for peat extraction.

5E

CO2,
CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC,
SO2

Emissions and removals from all developed land, includingtransportation infrastructure and human settlements of any
size, unless they are already included under othercategories. This should be consistent with national
definitions.

5A, 5D,5E, 5BCO2

3 B 5

Settlements

Gases

3 B 5 aSettlements Remaining
Settlements

Emissions and removals from settlements that have notundergone any land use change during the inventory
period.

CO2

3 B 5 bLand Converted to Settlements

Emissions and removals from lands converted tosettlements. Includes conversion of forest land, cropland,grassland, wetlands, and other land to settlements.

CO2

3 B 5 b i

Forest Land Converted toSettlements

Emissions and removals from forest land converted tosettlements.

CO2

3 B 5 b ii

Cropland Converted toSettlements

Emissions and removals from cropland converted tosettlements.

CO2

3 B 5 b iii

Grassland Converted toSettlements

Emissions and removals from grassland converted tosettlements.

CO2

3 B 5 b iv

Wetlands Converted toSettlements

Emissions and removals from wetlands converted tosettlements.

CO2

3 B 5 b v

Other Land Converted toSettlements

Emissions and removals from other land converted tosettlements.

CO2

Emissions and removals from bare soil, rock, ice, and all
unmanaged land areas that do not fall into any of the otherfive categories. It allows the total of identified land areas tomatch the national area, where data are available.

CO2

Emissions and removals from other land that has notundergone any land use change during the inventory
period.

CO2

3 B 6

3 B 6 aOther Land

Other Land Remaining Other
Land

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

3 B 6 bLand Converted to Other Land

Emissions and removals from lands converted to otherland. Includes conversion of forest land, cropland,grassland, wetlands, and settlements to other land.

3 B 6 b i

Forest Land Converted to Other Emissions and removals from forest land converted to other
land.
Land

3 B 6 b ii

Cropland Converted to OtherLand

Emissions and removals from cropland converted to other
land.

CO2

3 B 6 b iii

Grassland Converted to OtherLand

Emissions and removals from grassland converted to other
land.

CO2

3 B 6 b iv

Wetlands Converted to OtherLand

Emissions and removals from wetlands converted to other
land.

CO2

3 B 6 b v

Settlements Converted to Other Emissions and removals from settlements converted toother land.
Land

Gases
CO2

CO2

CO2

3 C

Aggregate Sources and Non-CO2
Emissions Sources on Land

Includes emissions from activities that are likely to bereported at very high aggregation land level or even country
level.

3 C 1

Emissions from Biomass Burning

Emissions from biomass burning that include N2O and CH4.
CO2 emissions are included here only if emissions are notincluded in 3B categories as carbon stock changes.

N2O,
CH4,
CO2*

3 C 1 aBiomass Burning in Forest
Lands

Emissions from biomass burning that include N2O and CH4
in forest lands. CO2 emissions are included here only ifemissions are not included in 3B1 categories as carbon
stock changes.

N2O,
CH4,
CO2*

3 C 1 b

Biomass Burning in Croplands

Emissions from biomass burning that include N2O and CH4
in croplands. CO2 emissions are included here only ifemissions are not included in 3B2 categories as carbon
stock changes.

N2O,
CH4,
CO2*

3 C 1 cBiomass Burning in Grasslands Emissions from biomass burning that include N2O and CH4
in grasslands. CO2 emissions are included here only ifemissions are not included in 3B3 categories as carbon
stock changes.

N2O,
CH4,
CO2*

3 C 1 dBiomass Burning in All OtherLand

Emissions from biomass burning that include N2O and CH4
in settlements, and all other land. CO2 emissions areincluded here only if emissions are not included in 3B6
categories as carbon stock changes.

N2O,
CH4,
CO2*

3 C 2

Liming

CO2 emissions from the use of lime in agricultural soils,
managed forest soils or lakes.

CO2

3 C 3

Urea Application

CO2 emissions from urea application

CO2

3 C 4

4D
Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Direct N2O emissions from managed soils from thesynthetic N fertilizers application; organic N applied as
Soils
fertilizer (e.g. animal manure, compost, sewage sludge,
rendering waste); urine and dung N deposited on pasture,
range and paddock by grazing animals; N in crop residues(above and below ground), including from N-fixing crops
and from forages during pasture renewal; N
mineralization/immobilization associated with loss/gain ofsoil organic matter resulting from change of land use or
management of mineral soils; and drainage/management oforganic soils (i.e., histosols).

N2O

3 C 5

Indirect N2O Emissions fromManaged Soils

4D
Indirect N2O emissions from: (1) the volatilization of N (asNH3 and NOx) following the application of synthetic andorganic N fertilizers and /or urine and dung deposition fromgrazing animals, and the subsequent deposition of the N as
ammonium (NH4+) and oxides of N (NOx) on soils andwaters, and (2) the leaching and runoff of N from synthetic
and organic N fertilizer additions, crop residues,
mineralization /immobilization of N associated withloss/gain of soil C in mineral soils through land use change
or management practices, and urine and dung deposition
from grazing animals, into groundwater, riparian areas andwetlands, rivers and eventually the coastal ocean.

N2O

8.32

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 8: Reporting Guidance and Tables

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

3 C 6

Indirect N2O Emissions from Manure
Management

Indirect N2O emissions from manure management (activity
data amount of nitrogen in the manure excreted).

3 C 7

Rice Cultivations

Methane (CH4) emissions from anaerobic decomposition oforganic material in flooded rice fields. Any N2O emissions
from the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in rice cultivation
should be reported under N2O emissions from managed
soils.

3 C 8

Other (please specify)

Other sources of CH4 and N2O emissions on land.

N2O,
CH4

3 D

Other

3 D 1

Harvested Wood Products

CO2 net emissions or removals resulting from Harvest
Wood Products.

CO2

3 D 2

Other (please specify)

Gases
N2O

4C

CH4

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC
SO2

4 WASTE

4 A

Solid Waste Disposal

Methane is produced from anaerobic microbial
decomposition of organic matter in solid waste disposalsites. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is also produced but CO2 frombiogenic or organic waste sources is covered by the
AFOLU Sector. Emissions of halogenated gases should be
accounted in IPPU. Long-term storage of carbon in SWDS
is reported as an information item.

6A

CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 A 1

Managed Waste Disposal Sites

A managed solid waste disposal site must have controlled
placement of waste (i.e. waste directed to specificdeposition areas, a degree of control of scavenging andfires) and will include at least one of the following: covermaterial; mechanical compaction; or leveling of the waste.
This category can be subdivided into aerobic andanaerobic.

6A 1

CH4
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 A 2

Unmanaged Waste Disposal Sites

These are all other solid waste disposal sites that do not fall 6A2
into the above category. This category can be subdivided
into deep and shallow.

CH4
N2O,
NOx,
NMVOC

4 A 3

Uncategorised Waste Disposal Sites Mixture of above 4 A1 and 4 A2. Countries that do not have NA
data on division of managed/unmanaged may use thiscategory.

CH4
N2O,
NOx,
NMVOC

4 B

Biological Treatment of Solid
Waste

Solid waste composting and other biological treatment.
Emissions from biogas facilities (anaerobic digestion) withenergy production are reported in the Energy Sector (1A4).

6A3

CH4,
N2O
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 C

Incineration and Open Burning of
Waste

Incineration of waste and open burning waste, not including 6C
waste-to-energy facilities. Emissions from waste burnt forenergy are reported under the Energy Sector, 1A.
Emissions from burning of agricultural wastes should bereported under AFOLU (3C1). All non-CO2 greenhousegases as well as CO2 from fossil waste should be reported
here for incineration and open burning.

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 C 1

Waste Incineration

Combustion of solid wastes in controlled incineration
facilities.

6C

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 C 2

Open Burning of Waste

Combustion of waste in the open-air or in an open dump.

NA

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Volume 1: General Guidance and Reporting

TABLE 8.2 (CONTINUED)

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS
96 GLsCategory
Code

Category Code and Name

Definition

4 D

Wastewater Treatment andDischarge

6B
Methane is produced from anaerobic decomposition oforganic matter by bacteria in sewage facilities and fromfood processing and other industrial facilities during
wastewater treatment. N2O is also produced by bacteria(denitrification and nitrification) in wastewater treatment anddischarge.

CH4,
N2O
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 D 1

Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Treatment and discharge of liquid wastes and sludge fromhousing and commercial sources (including human waste)
Discharge
through: wastewater sewage systems collection andtreatment systems, open pits / latrines, anaerobic lagoons,anaerobic reactors and discharge into surface waters.
Emissions from sludge disposed at SWDS are reported
under category 4A.

6B2

CH4,
N2O
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 D 2

Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Treatment and discharge of liquid wastes and sludge fromindustrial processes such as: food processing, textiles, orDischarge
pulp and paper production. This includes anaerobic
lagoons, anaerobic reactors, and discharge into surface
waters. Industrial wastewater released into domestic
wastewater sewage should be included under 4D1.

6B1

CH4,
N2O
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

4 E

Other (please specify)

6D

CO2,
CH4,
N2O,
NOx,
CO,
NMVOC

5

Release of GHGs from other waste handling activities thanlisted in categories 4A to 4D.

Gases

7

Other

5 A

Indirect N2O Emissions from the
Excluding indirect emissions from NOx and NH3 in
Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen in agriculture which are reported in 3C5 & 3C6.
NOx and NH3

NA

5 B

Other (please specify)

7

Only use this category exceptionally, for any categories
than cannot be accommodated in the categories describedabove. Include a reference to where a detailed explanationof the category can be found.

N2O(1) Under the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from the use of carbonates should be reported in the subcategories(industries) where they occur. Therefore, part of emissions that were reported in 2A3 or 2A4 under the 1996 Guidelines
should be reported in various relevant subcategories (for example 2C1) under the 2006 Guidelines. In this column of thistable, however, the 96GLs Category Code 2A3 and 2A4 are entered not everywhere possibly relevant, for the sake ofsimplicity.
Note: NA or blank cells under the column ‘96 GLs category code’: categories that are not defined in 1996 Guidelines.

References
IPCC (1997). Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Inventories. Houghton, J.T., Meira Filho,
L.G., Lim, B., Tréanton, K., Mamaty, I., Bonduki, Y., Griggs, D.J. and Callander, B.A. (Eds).
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), IPCC/OECD/IEA, Paris, France.
IPCC (2000). Good Practice Guidance and Uncertianty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Penman, J., Kruger, D., Galbally, I., Hiraishi, T., Nyenzi, B., Enmanuel, S., Buendia, L., Hoppaus, R.,
Martinsen, T., Meijer, J., Miwa, K. and Tanabe, K. (Eds). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), IPCC/OECD/IEA/IGES, Hayama, Japan.
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