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Thermal Surveillance of the Asama ,**.ῌ,**/ Activity Using MODISNighttime Infrared Images
Takayuki KANEKO῍, Kenji TAKASAKI῍, Atsushi YASUDA῍ and Yosuke AOKI῍
Asama volcano, located in the central part of Japan, repeated medium to small scale Vulcanian eruptions,from September through December ,**.. We analysed the activity between January ,**. and April ,**/ usingnighttime infrared data from MODIS -Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer -onboard Terra and Aqua
satellites, in conjunction with the data from ground-based instruments obtained simultaneously and chemicalcomposition of the ejecta. The observed period is divided into four stages, S-I, S-II, S-III and S-IV, based on therelationship between thermal anomalies observed by MODIS and eruptive activity. S-I (second half of August)is the thermally active period preceding to the series of eruptions. This may have been caused by a magmatic
supply to the shallow level of the conduit, resulted from dyke intrusion at a deep level (+ km bellow sea level) in
July, as suggested by the ground deformation monitoring. This magmatic supply probably resulted in initiating
the eruptive activity of S-II. S-II (+ September -mid-December) is the thermally active period during the seriesof eruptions, which is sub-divided into two stages, S-IIa (+ September -+* October) and S-IIb (+* October-mid-December), by the two thermally active pulses in this period. Similar pulses are also recognized in thetime-series variation of eruptive amount of S-II, as well as seismicity and SO, discharge rate. A deep dyke
intrusion observed in the late S-IIa may have resulted in a new supply of magma to the shallow level, which caused
the IIb activity. After two months of inactive period of S-III(late December ,**. - February ,**/), S-IV
(March-at least April ,**/), the post eruptive thermally active period, started. Although this stage did not
involve eruptive activities, SO, discharge rate, level of volcanic glow and height of plume raised. This may havebeen caused by the third magmatic supply to the shallow level in late January. At the volcanoes possessing open
to semi-open passages between the summit crater and shallow level of the conduit like Asama, MODIS may detect
pre-eruptive thermal anomaly, which can be utilized for monitoring those distributing in remote areas, such as
east Asia.
Key words : MODIS, Asama volcano, thermal analysis, infrared, remote sensing+ῌ ῐ ῎ ῑ῏!"#$%&'%()*+,-.ῌ/0/

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277

Fig. ,. (a) Temporal variations of the MODIS band ,* and -+ brightness temperature between January ,**. andMay ,**/ and amount of each eruptive event (arrows, Yoshimoto et al., ,**/). (b) Dyke intrusion events
suggested by ground deformation (upper triangles) and Baseline length between *,,+ (GSI Tsumagoi) and
ASM. (ERI South). (c) Daily number of BH (high frequency) type earthquakes (bar chart) and tilting
events (diamonds) (after JMA, ,**/). (d) Maximum temperature at the summit crater determined withthermal infrared camera from helicopter or the crater rim (open circles) and level of volcanic glow observed
from Karuizawa (bar chart) (after JMA, ,**/). (e) SO, discharge rate measured by COSPEC (JMA andNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) (after JMA, ,**/). (f) Maximum heightof volcanic cloud (bar chart) and estimated heat discharge (open circles) (after JMA, ,**/).

278

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Fig. -. (a) Nighttime Terra MODIS band ,* image (-* September ,**., +, h ./ m GMT, IDMOD*,+SS. A,**.,1..+,./.**+.,**/+,1*3-3-,_+0+..). The bright point in the centre shows thermal anomaly from thesummit of Asama. The image is +** km+** km area. (b) Daytime image of MODIS imagery (visible andnear infrared bands) (,. September ,**., + h -* m GMT) of the same area as (a). (c) The summit area of
Asama (SPOT-, HP, ,, May +332), boxed in (b).

Fig. .. (a) Thermal infrared image (AVIO TVS-+**) of Asama taken from helicopter on - September ,**.,
viewed from the eastern side (taken by T. Kaneko), boxed in (b). The diameter of the crater rim is about.** m. (b) A photograph from the same direction as (a) (taken by T. Kaneko). (c) Incandescent fumarolic
vents in the summit crater (taken by T. Fujii on 3 August ,**/). (d) Volcanic glow observed on -* September ,**. (taken by M. Yoshimoto).

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Aramaki, S. (+30-) Geology of Asama Volcano. Jour. Fac.
Sci. Univ. Tokyo, sec. ,, +., ,,3ῌ..-.
Dehn, J., Dean, K., Engle, K. and Izbekov, P. (,**,)
Thermal precursors in satellite images of the +333 eruption of Shishaldin volcano. Bull Volcanol., 0., /,/ῌ/-..
Harris, A. J.L., Butterworth, A.L., Carlton, R.W., Downey, L., Miller, P., Navarro, P. and Rothery, D.A.
(+331) Low-cost volcano surveillance from space : casestudies from Etna, Kraﬂa, Cerro Negro, Fogo, Lascar
and Erebus. Bull. Volcanol., /3, .3ῌ0..
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based system. Advances Enviro. Monitor. Model., +, no. -,+/-ῌ+00.
89: (,**.) & ;<=>?   +0 ,,**.    http : / / www. seisvol. kishou. go. jp /tokyo / STOCK / monthly _ v-ac t _ doc / monthly _ vact _,**..htm.
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Okubo, S., Ohminato, T., Hirabayashi, J., Kazahaya, K.,
Mori, T., Matsumoto, S., Koyama, E. and Sun, W.
(,**/) Gravity change as a predictor of volcanic eruption. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for Scien-

tiﬁc Research (Special Purposes, No. +02***,) in FY,**., .3ῌ/-.
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Takeo, M., Aoki, Y., Ohminato, T. and Yamamoto, M.
(,**0) Magma supply path beneath Mt. Asama volcano,Japan. Geophys. Res. Lett. (in press)l i~ David C. Pieri (+333)
ASTER e$%§¨©`Sy{ª«$%¬"&  .. +-+ῌ+.+.
Wooster, M. J. (,**+) Long-term infrared surveillance of
Lascar volcano : contrasting activity cycles and cooling
pyroclastics. Geophys Res. Lett., ,2, /, 2.1ῌ2/*.
Wooster, M. J. and Kaneko, T. (+332) Satellite thermal
analysis of lava dome e#usion rate at Unzen volcano,Japan. J. Geophys. Res., +*-, ,*3-/ῌ,*3.1.
Wooster, M. J. and Rothery, D.A. (+331) Thermal monitoring of Lascar Volcano, Chile using infrared data fromthe Along Track Scanning Radiometer : a +33,ῌ+33/
time-series. Bull. Volcanol., /2, /00ῌ/13.
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