www.iafor.org/about/partners

IAFOR Global Partners

University of Belgrade

IAFOR has entered into a number of strategic partnerships with universities across the world to form
the IAFOR Global Partnership Programme. These academic partnerships support and nurture IAFOR’s
goals of educational cooperation without borders, connecting the organisation with institutions thathave an international and internationalising profile, and a commitment to interdisciplinary research.
The IAFOR Global Partnership Programme provides mutual recognition and scope for Global Partner
institutions and organisations to showcase their research strengths, as well as engage in thedevelopment of projects and programmes with IAFOR.
Programme Design by Thaddeus Pope, IAFOR Media/iaforjapan@iafor.official@iafor (#iafor)
www.aurs.iafor.org

Letter of Welcome
Dear Participants,
Welcome to the 2021 Asian Undergraduate Research Symposium (AURS). Now in its sixth year,
AURS has become an exciting addition to The Asian Conference on Education (ACE) schedule. We
are very excited to welcome you all to AURS and ACE. Your attendance means you are taking partin one of the largest international, interdisciplinary academic conferences in Asia.
We are looking forward to meeting you all online and hearing about your research studies. During
the day we will be discussing with you the benefits and challenges of presenting at an international
conference. We will also be providing workshops to assist you in presentation skills and techniques
for how to answer the questions that you may be asked.
During our time together on Saturday, you will have plenty of time for discussion with us, with eachother, and with other professors who will come to see your presentations. We hope that you canmake many new friends from around the globe and network with those in similar fields.
Don’t forget that all student presenters at AURS2021 are welcome to attend other academic
sessions at ACE2021 as observers on Friday, November 26. If we don’t see you at the ACE2021
sessions, we will look forward to seeing you online on Saturday, November 27.
Kind regards,
Yvonne Masters, José McClanahan, Joseph Haldane, and Grant BlackAURS Facilitators

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Yvonne Masters
Yvonne Masters is an independent researcher in Australia. She
has been involved with IAFOR for several years as a memberof The Asian Conference for Education Organising Committee,
as co-facilitator of The Asian Undergraduate Research
Symposium, and as a member of the International Academic
Advisory Board. Yvonne is the current Editor-in-Chief of the
IAFOR Journal of Education, a Scopus-indexed, open accessjournal on education.
Yvonne was a teacher and teacher educator for over 40 years
and is still passionate about education. She was a senior lecturer in Professional Classroom
Practice in the School of Education, University of New England (UNE), Australia, a position that
she accepted after five years as Director of Professional Experience in the same school. Prior to
taking up her position at UNE, she had 30 years’ experience in secondary schools including in theroles of Curriculum Coordinator, Deputy Principal and Principal. Her teaching experience spans
three Australian states. Her research interests centre on undergraduate research, academic
publication, teacher education and policy, professional experience, teacher identity, online
learning and virtual worlds. Yvonne was awarded her PhD, focused on school principalship,from Deakin University.
Yvonne serves as a reviewer for several education journals and is a senior reviewer for IAFOR
conferences. She presents on a variety of education topics including publishing as an academic,teacher education policy, undergraduate research, and online teaching at a range of conferences,both Australian and international.

José McClanahan
Joseph (José) McClanahan, PhD, is Chair of the Department ofModern Languages and Literatures and an Associate Professorof Spanish at Creighton University Omaha, Nebraska. There,
he teaches at all levels of the curriculum, including language,
literature and culture. He has taught in Spain, Latin America
and Japan. Recently, his research interests have focused on
the area of teaching courses related to Languages for Special
Purposes, in particular courses related to teaching Spanish to
future healthcare professionals. He also has a strong interestin curricular development and design from a language perspective and also focuses on newstudents entering the university. He has had several summer research grants to work with
undergraduate students who are doing research in the Humanities. He has also led student
educational trips to every continent on the globe.

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AURS Facilitators
Joseph Haldane
Joseph Haldane is the Founder, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR.
He is responsible for devising strategy, setting policies,
forging institutional partnerships, implementing projects,
and overseeing the organisation’s international business andacademic operations, including research, publications andevents.
Dr Haldane is a founding Co-Director of the IAFOR ResearchCentre, an interdisciplinary think tank situated at The Osaka
School of International Public Policy (OSIPP), Osaka University,where since 2015 he has also been a Guest Professor, teaching on the postgraduate Global
Governance Course.
A Member of the World Economic Forum’s Expert Network for Global Governance, Professor
Haldane’s research and teaching is on history, politics, international affairs and international
education, as well as governance and decision making.
In 2020 Dr Haldane was appointed Honorary Professor of UCL (University College London),through the Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management. He also holds Visiting
Professorships in the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade, and at the School ofBusiness at Doshisha University in Kyoto, where he teaches Ethics and Governance on the
MBA programme. He is a Member of the International Advisory Council of the Department of
Educational Foundations at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
Dr Haldane holds a PhD from the University of London in 19th-century French Studies, andhas had full-time faculty positions at the University of Paris XII Paris-Est Créteil, Sciences Po
Paris, and Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, as well as visiting positions at the
French Press Institute in the University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas, The School of Journalism at
Sciences Po Paris, and the School of Journalism at Moscow State University (Russia).
Dr Haldane has given invited lectures and presentations to universities and conferences aroundthe world, including at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, and advised universities,
NGOs and governments on issues relating to international education policy, public-private
partnerships, and multi-stakeholder forums. He was the project lead on the 2019 Kansai
Resilience Forum, held by the Japanese Government through the Prime Minister’s Office and the
Cabinet Office in collaboration with IAFOR.
From 2012-2014, Dr Haldane served as Treasurer of the American Chamber of Commerce inJapan (Chubu), and since 2015 he has been a Trustee of the HOPE International Development
Agency (Japan). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society in 2012, and the Royal
Society of Arts in 2015.

4 | IAFOR.ORG | AURS2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the symposium using #IAFOR)AURS Facilitators
Grant BlackDr Grant Black is an Associate Professor in the Faculty ofCommerce at Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan, where he hastaught Global Skills and Global Issues since 2013. Grant isengaged in diverse roles as a global manager, systems builder,
executive leader and university professor. His research andteaching areas include global management skills, intercultural
intelligence (CQ) and organisational management. He also hastaught Japanese Management Theory at J. F. Oberlin University(Japan), and a continuing education course in the Foundationsof Japanese Zen Buddhism at Temple University Japan.
Previously, he was Chair of the English Section at the Center for Education of Global Communication
at the University of Tsukuba where he served in a six-year post in the Faculty of Humanities andSocial Sciences. He holds a BA Honors in Religious Studies from the University of California,
Santa Barbara; an MA in Japanese Buddhist Studies from the University of California, Los
Angeles; and a Doctor of Social Science (DSocSci) from the Department of Management in the
School of Business at the University of Leicester. Dr Black is a Chartered Manager (CMgr), thehighest status that can be achieved in the management profession in the UK. In 2018, he waselected a Fellow of the Chartered Management Institute (FCMI) and Fellow of the Royal Societyof Arts (FRSA). Grant is President of Black Inc. Consulting (Japan), a business & university global
strategic management firm based in Tokyo which helps individuals and organisations achieve
their global targets. He is the director of the newly formed Nippon Academic Management
Institute (NAMI) and the author of the forthcoming Education Reform Policy at a Japanese Super
Global University: Policy Translation, Migration and Mutation (Routledge, 2022). He serves as aVice-President for The International Academic Forum (IAFOR).
Dr Grant Black is a Vice-President (at large) of IAFOR. He is a member of the Business &Economics section of the International Academic Advisory Board.

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iafor.official

Symposium
Guide
Symposium Schedule
Directions & Access
Floor Guide
General Information

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Saturday, November 27, 2021 | Online from Tokyo

Saturday at a Glance
11:50-12:00

Welcome Announcements and Introduction

12:00-12:15
Student Introductions
			Ice-breaker activities that make use of Zoom’s breakout rooms
			to encourage students to get to know each other and share their			stories.
12:15-12:40
						

Professional Development/Capacity Building Session 1
This session is aimed at students considering further study 		and a possible career in academia.

12:40-12:50		

Break

12:50-13:20
Professional Development/Capacity Building Session 2
			In this session, students have the chance to bring their own 					questions in small groups and discuss their own feelings about
			future career paths.
13:20-13:30

Break

13:30-14:00
			
			
			
			

Professional Development/Capacity Building Session 3
Students learn how to conduct themselves at conferences, duringsolo presentations, panels, and roundtables. How to ask and 		answer questions, deal with difficult situations and disagreements
will also be covered.

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Saturday, November 27, 2021 | Online from Tokyo

Saturday at a Glance

14:00-14:30
Professional Development/Capacity Building Session 4
			Roundtable Sessions
			
Students with research in similar fields engage in discussions
			based on themes decided by a session chair with knowledge
			of the relevant field.
14:30-14:40		

Break

14:40-15:15
Professional Development/Capacity Building Session 5			This session will focus on the skills involved in communicating			ideas publicly. Students will need to know how to effectively 					
communicate their ideas in one-on-one scenarios and in small
			groups.
15:15-15:25		

Break

15:25-16:00
			
			
			
			
			
			

Professional Development/Capacity Building Session 6
How to Present at an Academic Conference: Poster Power!
This session will follow on from the previous session by focusing
on the skills involved in communicating ideas publicly in theacademic context, outlining the types of presentation one canengage in at conferences or academia, and looking at their
particular features and functions.

16:00-17:00		

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Saturday, November 27, 2021 | Online from Tokyo

Saturday at a Glance
17:00-18:00
						

Parallel Poster Presentations
Students present five-minute summaries of their research to eachother, and seasoned academics.

18:00-18:10		

Break

18:10-19:10
			
			
			

Parallel Poster Presentations Feedback and Q and A
Students present five-minute summaries of their researchto each other. Following each presentation is a short Q&A session
and feedback from field-specific experts.

19:10-19:20

Break

19:20-19:50
			
			
			
			
			

Professional Development/Capacity Building Session 7
Students are given an opportunity to engage with one another andnetwork. The networking chair will provide problems, discussion
topics and activities in order to encourage students to work with
one another and develop connections that will endure beyond theclosing of the conference.

19:50-20:00

Symposium Closing Session

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17:00-18:00 | Group One
Saturday, November 27

Parallel Poster
Presentations I
Watch pre-recorded Virtual Poster Presentations on the following webpages:

vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling, grammatical, or
typographical errors are those of the author.

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vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group One
60826

Factors Affecting Online Health-seeking Behaviors in Middle-income Class Filipino Adults
Reinzo Vittorio Cardenas, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Heather Venice Abogado, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Andrea Therese Afable, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Rhea Avillanoza, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Marie Abegail Ayagan, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Catherine Bantayan, University of Santo Tomas, philippines

With the increasing accessibility to health information on the Internet, the tendency of individuals to self-diagnose increases to understandmedical terminologies and to avoid expensive consultation costs. The study aimed to understand the factors affecting online healthseeking behaviors in middle-income class adults in Metro Manila. Data collection was conducted from March to April of 2021 with a sample
size of 200 individuals aged 20 to 49 years old. An online survey was employed using a questionnaire adapted from the research of Lee etal. (2015). The survey consisted of three sections assessing: web-based health-seeking behaviors, consultation with health professionals,
and participants' hesitancy in consulting with physicians, which used a mix of a 5-point Likert-type scale with multiple responses andmultiple-choice options. The results showed that the age and educational attainment of the respondents had a negative effect while
presenting a positive effect for socio-economic status on health-seeking behavior. Lastly, there was a significant effect of participant’s
hesitancy for professional consultation on their health-seeking behavior. Although hesitancy had a substantial impact on the spectrumof health-seeking behaviors, it does not imply that certain factors are specifically related to the tendency to seek health information. This
information instead becomes essential in understanding the patient-physician relationship and giving more holistic treatments.
60880

An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Exploring the Experiences of Mental Health Practitioners Working
in UAE During COVID-19
Massa Zarka, Middlesex University Dubai, United Arab Emirates

The COVID-19 outbreak introduced with it a mental health crisis globally due to the excessive stress and the nature of social isolation (Choiet al., 2020). Mental health practitioners (MHPs) are continuously exposed to clients’ traumatic realities, and with an added global crisis,
like COVID-19, MHPs may become at risk of experiencing increased workloads and shared realities (Werner et al., 2020). Efficient coping
strategies become a core practice for MHPs to prevent the severe impact of stress (Posluns, & Gall, 2020). The aim of this study was to explore
the experiences and coping strategies of MHPs, in the UAE, during COVID-19. The study explored two research questions; how do MHPs
describe their experiences during the global crisis? And how do MHPs cope with their negative experiences? The experiences were exploredusing interpretive phenomenological analysis of five semi-structured online interviews. All participants were MHPs with work experienceduring the pandemic in the UAE. The analysis revealed three super-ordinate themes: the personal impacts were worries about their families
and personal discomforts, which lead to increased self-care; the professional struggles were limitations on practice, increased workload, anda need to disconnect; and their methods of adapting were increased compassion, a sense of empowerment, and deepened community spirit.
The conclusions from this study provided insights into the aspects of shared realities experienced by MHPs practitioners during the pandemic.
They also create evidence for the implementation of future preventative measures against MHPs’ distress during similar crises.
61549

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Social Distancing Policy on the Immune Responses of Domestic Violence
Victims in Indonesia
Aurelia Suprestia Djuanto, Tarumanagara University, Indonesia

Social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic could affect not only psychological conditions but also human immune’s responses.
Regulations which involve self-quarantine and social isolation would complicate situations for some individuals who previously had negative pressures.
Looking at the social distancing policies in Indonesia, limited information about the issue, and also the condition of victims who are exposed to moresocial pressure than normal individuals before the pandemic, the author decided to conduct a review that focused on victims of domestic violence. This
review presents four articles that show interconnected and similar topics yet from different sorts of perspectives. The purpose of this literature review isto (a) describe the impact of social pressure to mental health before and after COVID-19 pandemic, (b) examine the impact of social distancing policies
on victim’s immune responses, (c) discuss and summarize the outcome of this review from multiple perspectives. It appears, a certain of immune
responses that influenced by social and psychological stressors (i.e., low income and childhood adversity) show some correlation to the COVID-19
inflammatory responses (i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and C reactive protein). Further research is also discussed on protecting thevictim’s immune responses from COVID-19 pandemic situation and helping victims to get better mental and physical health assistance.
62131

Are Home Exercises as Beneficial as Gym Exercises?
Khai Yuan Lean, Chuo University, Japan

Data have shown that there are a total of 184 million gym members around the world as of 2020. The explanation for this trend is due to the
popular belief that going to the gym allows you to lose weight and get stronger. While this statement remains true, many overlook the benefits
of exercising at home. Previous research has shown that home-based training combined with diet can have a positive effect on cardiometabolic
health. However, there are almost no studies comparing the effectiveness of home exercises with gym exercises. This study is conducted tounderstand better why exercising at home can be just as beneficial, if not better than exercising at the gym. Information found online will becollected and evaluated for this study. Contrary to popular belief, most bodyweight exercises performed at home involve multiple muscle groups
and burn more calories than gym machine exercises. Performing bodyweight exercises also improves athleticism and body coordination morethan gym exercises. However, if one seeks to be able to lift as much weight as possible, then weightlifting at the gym might be the superior
choice. For general fitness, home exercises such as push-ups, pull-ups and squats can be beneficial for most individuals. This study is importantbecause many people no longer have access to the gym due to the pandemic, and are seeking alternative ways to reach their fitness goals.

12 | IAFOR.ORG | AURS2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the symposium using #IAFOR)

vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group One
61616

Board Games as Medium for Community Engagement
Guo Yan Jun, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan
Leong Yee Vonne, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan
Huang Chao Hsing, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan
Hong Jing Li, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan

Chang Jung University Department of Applied Philosophy students guided by teachers designed two board games based on the local
history and recovering efforts of LiuGui district after Typhoon Marakot in 2009. The board games utilize a narrative method to guide players
from different ages and communities in opening up about issues occurring during community recovery efforts both during and after playing
the games. This paper details the process of teaching students how to design board games that facilitate community dialogue. Compared
to traditional learning environments, students would have to interact with communities face to face and learn different skills or techniques
while rebuilding or ongoing community works. Additionally, our research included questionnaires designed to provide feedback from bothplayers and students for analysis. Research results indicate that these board games encouraged discussion on public issues which were
provided from diverse community backgrounds. Moreover, it can be concluded that using these board games as a medium enhanced
students become involved with the community as well as helped develop critical-thinking skills through both designing and playing thegames.
61621

Long Live the Social Justice: An Explanation for Increasing Political Trust in China
Yuanzhuo Wang, Zhejiang University, China

Previous research indicates that the modernization of China would result in decreasing political trust, as citizens would shift their focus
from material interest to acquiring democracy. However, recent survey data shows that the political trust of China has ballooned up,
though the political system remains the same. This article attributes this rise to social justice scholars previously neglected and develops
a theoretical framework linking perceived justice to political trust in China's case. Utilizing the database of China Social Survey 2019 wave
and regressions, this study finds that citizens who perceive China approaches justice are more likely to have political trust. Equal accessto opportunities for public goods and protection of rights is of great concern. This result demonstrates that Chinese citizens are valuingsocial justice to determine whether a government is trustworthy and they still maintain a strong belonging to current socialist rule.
61622

Creating New Cacao Markets to Achieve Sustainable Cacao Production
Mana Kohno, Ritsumeikan University, Japan

While cacao is grown as a cash crop in many cacao-producing countries, it is not domestically consumed in many cases. Ivory Coast, theworld’s largest producer, for example, produced 2.22 million tons of cacao beans as of 2019. The domestic consumption volume was, however,very little. Furthermore, the number of cacao farmers is decreasing year by year, and they are in a serious situation with no successors.Cacao
grows in the hot and humid tropics. It melts easily when processed into chocolate. Therefore, it needs to be kept refrigerated, which costs alarge amount of money. Helping farmers become self-reliant and increase domestic and international consumption is vital to ensure a stablesupply of cacao production. If a processing method suits to the local climate with less cost, new markets both locally and globally will be
developed. If farmers can prevent exploitation by middlemen and earn adequate wages by producing processed cacao products using cacao
grown by themselves, problems such as education of children and appropriate employment for women will be solved. That will eventually
help to eliminate the loss of cacao farmers. In this study, Indonesia, one of the largest producers of cacao in the world, was taken as a leading
model country which promotes sustainable cacao production. This presentation reports the results of the study, which examined possibilitiesof developing value-added cacao products focusing on the physiological functions of cacao, and processed cacao products compatible withlocal food preferences.
61295

Transitional Experiences of Chinese Students at UCL: Practical Implications for UCL’s Internationalisation
Lingding Wang, University College London, United Kingdom

The number of students pursuing higher education (HE) overseas is growing rapidly due to the impacts of internationalisation of HE.
Accordingly, international students’ transitional experiences are receiving greater attention, as their experiences are significant for HE
institutions to develop towards internationalisation. Therefore, a qualitative research was designed to explore the transitional experiencesof the mainland Chinese students at UCL. Using semi-structured interview data collected from ten Chinese students who come fromdifferent programmes at UCL, this study reveals that the transitional experiences of Chinese students are dynamic and involve different
phases, which developed in a U-shape. Furthermore, although participants had the previous experiences of studying in international highschools, they still experienced similar transitional trajectories in accordance with the previous studies. Finally, the study provides theinsights into how UCL could effectively adjust their policies and strategies to help international students with their transitions.

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vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group One
61370

A Critical Analysis of the Impacts of Social Integration on the Learning Experience of Chinese HE Students in
the UK
Mengke Jiang, University College London, United Kingdom

In recent decades, universities in the UK have seen dramatic growth in the number of Chinese students. While social integration has long
been considered as one of the important factors affecting students' overseas study experience, Chinese students tend to be less sociallyinvolved in their university community. This study, based on an interpretive qualitative framework, investigates the relationship between
Chinese students’ social integration and their learning experience. Methodologically, in-depth interviews were conducted with five
participants recruited using a convenience sampling strategy. Through a thematic analysis approach, the research findings suggest that
although there are individual variations (e.g., attitudes towards higher education, English proficiency), lower levels of social integration arelikely to have negative impacts on students' learning experience in terms of 1) language and culture learning; 2) learning approaches; and3) learning motivation. This paper has important theoretical and practical implications for how educators and universities could rethink
the internationalisation of higher education and further improve the educational experience of overseas students.
61516

The Power of Individual Mindfulness and Leadership to Transform a Collective System
Takumi Sampei, Soka University, Japan

This exploratory case study investigated the power of individual mindfulness to transform a collective system, within an organization, andin society. Specifically, how does the quality of attention and intention make a difference on the outcome and process of transformation.
Theory U, which is the base of this study, has practical benefits for how to think about and see the world, listen to others, and take action
to bring individuals from an ego-system to an eco-system (Scharmer, 2018). This study presents findings on key informant interviews
conducted with two female leaders, the founder of Guinness World Records Japan and a social entrepreneur who received her MBAfrom MIT. The themes which emerged in the data analysis referred to experiences of mindfulness, leadership styles, and mindfulness
in changes. The findings of this exploratory case study demonstrated connections from past research to the interview data, responding
to the research questions: 1. How does mindfulness influence the quality of attention and environmental sensibility? 2. What is therole of mindfulness in leadership? 3. What is the role of mindfulness in transforming a collective system? The discussion examines therelevance of the findings to the field of leadership and limitations. The discussion section examines how focusing on your inner world andunderstanding its impact on the world around you prevents one from holding fast to only one’s opinions.
61590

Integration of Virtual Laboratories in eLearning: Enhancing Science Education Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
Charena Mae L. Tabigue, Bukidnon State University, Philippines
Thessa Grace C. Abao, Bukidnon State University, Philippines
Gwynn Roland, JR. G. Cantery, Bukidnon State University, Philippines
Earl Lyndon G. Caballero, Bukidnon State University, Philippines

The effectiveness of virtual laboratory during the new normal education is a great challenge for both educators and students whichindicates that education must continue amidst the health crisis. The study determined the experiences of eight Bachelor of Secondary
Education major in Science students of the Bukidnon State University, College of Education, in virtual laboratory activities amid COVID-19
pandemic during academic year 2020-2021. This qualitative action research utilized a descriptive phenomenological research approachof Husserl since it deals with the experiences of the learners in science related activities. The open-ended questions were adapted
and modified from the study of Reece (2015). It collected data through interviews via Online Platform. The researchers analyzed the
response of the students to come up with generalizations regarding their learning experiences when engaging virtual laboratory using
qualitative descriptions by utilizing themes and frames. The study identified six emerging themes from the data such as learner autonomy,
preparation required for lab activities, evidence of student learning, presentation, collaboration, and motivation to learn science. More so,virtual laboratory is safe, provides alternative space, allows to save time, and it saves money for both teachers and students. Immensely,
it allows students to explore online simulations. Integration of virtual laboratory is a strategic way of promoting a conducive learning
environment to fill the gaps in students’ learning despite the pandemic. Hence, it offers constructive and versatile learning environment
which made them realized the importance of Science and Technology and its essential role for advancing safer community.
61636

Self-identity and Development of Vocational School Students in China
Peiran Nie, Beijing Normal University, China

Vocational education is considered a significant development path other than the normal academic route. It is currently undergoing structuralreforms in China, with policies directed to promote enrollment. However, the problem of self-identity among vocational school students
highlights the necessity for curriculum reform and more employment opportunities. This research aims to understand how vocational
education curriculum and employment opportunities affect students' self-identity and learning motivation. Based on a literature review on
the vocational education system in China, I conducted a semi-structured interview with vocational school students about their perceptions ofthemselves and career paths. Analysis of the results demonstrates that social recognition and job market entry requirements play importantroles in students' self-perception and personal prospects. In China, vocational school students are likely to develop low self-confidence,
underestimate their learning achievements, and reduce their commitment to hard work. Research results also show a disconnection between
the current curriculum and assessment methods: students' lack of motivation to learn professional skills in class, and thus the inefficiency ofthe current vocational education system. The findings indicate that curriculum and career prospects impact students' self-identity, confidence,and learning motivation. On this basis, it is recommended that the job market provides more opportunities for vocational school students,
and academic records should not be the only criterion for selection. This study also has implications for understanding the current Chinese
vocational education system and provides a reference for policymakers to raise students' motivation in different development paths.

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vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group One
61651

Can Podcasts Improve Educational Inequalities?

Chuying Wu, University College London, Institute of Education, United Kingdom
Research on technology often depicts it as a straightforward means to achieving educational equality, without realizing its potentiality inproducing exclusions. During Covid-19, the problem of the digital divide – the gap between groups who can and cannot access the Internet
and other technologies – became widely seen. This paper critically evaluates the role of technology in addressing educational inequalities
and argues that podcasts, as a traditional form of technology, might be a better solution to the issue. Firstly, the paper extends the notion of
inequality in Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital and class distinction — which primarily focuses on class — to cover other marginalized socialgroups. This will lead to the discussion on how social inequalities are reproduced from schooling given the differential access to "capitals"
among those groups. Then, through an analysis of a particular podcast that we produced with two British students, one from a working-classfamily and another from a middle-class background, the paper reveals a substantial difference between their learning experiences under the
pandemic. The underlying reason is suggested to be the digital divide, not only speaking from the "access" to technologies, but also fromthe “socio-cultural” (e.g. lack of school support) and "emotional" (e.g. sense of inferiority when being left behind) dimensions. Starting fromthese three dimensions, the paper argues that podcasts can better address educational inequalities by enabling wider access, providing
more easily customizable teaching materials, and establishing emotional attachments with audiences concerning social justice issues.
61659

Cultivating Reading Culture Among Lower Secondary Students in the English Language Classroom
Asshiddiqah Abdul Rauf, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Faizah Idrus, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia

In English Language class, the focus is not solely on four main language skills which are reading, listening, speaking and writing but
the students were taught English literary works such as poems, short stories, drama and novels. This is because the English literaturecomponent is integrated in the English classroom as well as Literature in English Language subject. Additionally, learning foreign
language is not only limited to learning grammar. In fact, the students need to learn English Literature to make them familiar with theculture, geography and socio-economic structure of the targeted language. However, in order for the students to know and comprehend
underlying aspects of literary text, they need to have an interest in reading. In this globalised world, it becomes a challenge for the teachers
to ensure the students are interested in reading especially English literary text because most of them are more fascinated in engaging with
their social media and gadgets. Hence, this study looks into how English Literature can cultivate reading culture specifically among lower
secondary form students in the English Language classrooms. A qualitative design employing semi-structure interview were carried out
with 20 secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 3 selected schools. Thematic analysis is used to extract data from theinterview transcripts. The findings point to the direction of the need to vary the teaching of literature and texts to get students to be moreinteresting to read. Exposure to different cultural aspects are needed to engage students in their readings.
62129

What Style of Classes Should We Choose for Student Learning ? – Thinking From the Recent Pandemic –Kenta Minato, Chuo University, JapanThe recent pandemic has changed the way people learn by adopting online classes via the Internet. Along with the shift from traditionalclasses to online classes, advantages and disadvantages of both styles of class are gradually becoming apparent. This poster aims toconsider how people can enrich their education by mixing both styles of learning. Perhaps, people will see a return to traditional classes
soon, but there should be further debate to define their way of learning with this unexpected opportunity. Recent studies conductedin Japan found the reputation of online classes from the students was mostly positive. Students could enjoy their freedom from therestriction of time and location and use them effectively. On the other hand, the demand for in-person classes was still existing, especially,
if classes need discussion or debate. In this poster, we use the results of several surveys for university students about online classes
conducted by Japanese universities during the pandemic. Then, we compare the results and find out the essential points of each styleof learning. As for the lectures for input of knowledge, it is good to use online, but for classes needing discussion or further debate, it isbetter to use face-to-face. Therefore, traditional classes cannot be completely replaced by online classes, but even within a single subject,
students and teachers need to consider which styles of learning should be applied. Then, before back to traditional classes, we hope toconsider mixing style of education format to increase the efficiency of learning.

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Notes16 | IAFOR.ORG | AURS2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the symposium using #IAFOR)

Notes

17:00-18:00 | Group Two
Saturday, November 27

Parallel Poster
Presentations II
Watch pre-recorded Virtual Poster Presentations on the following webpages:

vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling, grammatical, or
typographical errors are those of the author.

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vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Two
62043

Citizenship Education and Nationalism Fostering Hatred Toward Other Nationalities
Xiangshan Ye, University College London, United Kingdom

Theoretically, this research would be developed from the concept of nationalism, and to investigate what role has citizenship education played infostering hatred toward other nationalities. It would start with a brief historical background of the war between China and Japan, followed by a personal
experience that sparked the initiative of the research. Harber’s work would be greatly evaluated, as well as other scholars’, to expound on the relationsof education, nationalism, and hatred. Accumulated on the secondary research, the in-depth analysis would be conducted over whom to blame forthe hostile Sino-Japanese relationship. The difference in Chinese and Japanese education pedagogy would be illustrated; also, it would explain thesignificance of informal education (i.e. family and media) adding to the overall circumstance. Further discussions would focus on the social problems
caused by the particular issue, and plausible attempts for education to fix the current situation regarding the ultimate goal of education in considerationof nationalism.
61241

Word Choice on E-commerce Platform: A Case Study of Shopee
Zhefu MuRong, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand

This research paper aimed to analyze the vocabulary choice on the online shopping platform focusing on Shopee Thailand. The data
was collected from product descriptions under the pictures for 10 product categories, which were the Top 10 highest sales from the
topic “Best Sellers of the Week” from February 23, 2021, to March 1, 2021. Each category contained approximately 19-30 items, a totalof 282 items. The result revealed that there were 10 types of vocabulary that were chosen on the Shopee online selling platform, sorted
from the most to the least as follows: 1) Vocabulary indicating product characteristics (43.4%) 2) Vocabulary indicating product delivery(16.3%) 3) Vocabulary indicating product qualification (13.4%) 4) Vocabulary indicating product prices (12.4%) 5) Vocabulary indicatingproduct qualities (4.9%) 6) Vocabulary indicating product sales promotions (4.7%) 7) Vocabulary indicating product ingredients (2.3%)
8) Vocabulary that indicating properties (1.6%), 9) Vocabulary indicating product sales (0.5%) and 10) Vocabulary indicating productmanufacturers (0.5%). It was also found that the top three vocabulary categories that were popularly used on the online shopping platform"Shopee" were vocabulary that indicating characteristics, vocabulary indicating product delivery, and vocabulary indicating product price.
61655

The Increased Use of KYŪSU by Young People During the Coronavirus Epidemic: Their Intentions and Life
StylesAkari Kitamura, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Ryanghyun Kim, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Yuka Iwai, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
Ryota Imai, Ritsumeikan University, JapanKYŪSU(急須) is a traditional Japanese teapot. It plays an important role to add some flavor to the tea, depending on the material used.
Recently, the use of KYŪSU by young people is declining, which is recognized as one of the problems in the tea industry. It is interesting,however, a survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2021) shows that the number of KYŪSU users aged 18 to 29 has
increased by 25.9 percent during the COVID-19 disaster. The survey shows that the increased ration of the KYŪSU users was highly related
to the increased hours spent at home due to the COVID-19. However, it remains unclear what types of young people those users are. It
is also unclear what perceptions led them to use the KYŪSU. We became interested in exploring reasons and intentions why the young
people start to use KYŪSU. The purpose of our research is to specify the lifestyle of the young KYŪSU users and clarify their intentions ofusing KYŪSU. The method used in this research is an in-depth interview to obtain qualitative data. The participants are between 18 to 29
in their age, who recently started using KYŪSU. Specifying the lifestyle of the KYŪSU users can help understand the problem of declining
use of the KYŪSU among young people.
62126

Difficulty in Translating Japanese into English
Keisuke Chida, Chuo University, Japan

There are a number of Japanese words with subtle or complex meanings, which are difficult to interpret in English. In Anime or movies
with English subtitles, sometimes that translators fail to interpret such words accurately. What factors make translation so difficult?
In this presentation, we will discuss three contributing factors: impossibility to correspond, context-based language, and grammaticaldifferences. First and foremost, it is simply impossible to be compatible Japanese with English accurately. For example, お疲れ（otsukare）
is one of the most commonly used expressions among Japanese people when meeting someone and leaving. But there is no equivalentmeaning in English, making translation difficult. Secondly, Japanese is well-known for high-context language; everyone has concepts
shared, so you do not talk about them specifically. You might see a label when you are on the train like “Please give way a seat to people
who need it”. People who live in high-context culture can understand who needs a seat, so the sentence becomes concise. Last but notleast, grammatical differences also make a great difference when translating. Japanese does not have articles, future tense or plural
nouns; therefore, translators have to interpret if the meaning works as in Japanese. On top of that, Japanese has many pronouns, eachof them is slightly different depending on the situation even referring to the same person. This presentation seeks to provide a goodunderstanding of Japanese unique expressions.

18 | IAFOR.ORG | AURS2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the symposium using #IAFOR)

vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Two
61608

What Are the Criteria for Young People to Choose Plastic Bottle Tea?
Arisa Miyagawa, University of Ritsumeikan, Japan
Hirotaro Ishizaki, University of Ritsumeikan, Japan
Yujeong Chang, University of Ritsumeikan, Japan

This study explores the influencing factor on purchase behavior in the plastic-bottled tea market, which is considered a promisingmarket for Japanese tea. According to the Tea Situation released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in May 2016, theconsumption of leaf tea in Japan significantly decreased, while the consumption of plastic-bottled tea was on the rise.
From the perspective of the future potential of the market, the focus of our research is to identify the criteria young people use to choose
plastic-bottled tea for daily consumption. According to Murakami (2016), plastic-bottled tea was the most preferred form of green tea
drinking among university students in Japan. By identifying the characteristics of the plastic-bottled tea products, including green tea,selected/preferred by university students in Japan, we are exploring the major factors responsible for the sales of plastic-bottled tea inthe youth market. To achieve this research objective, we use a questionnaire survey on the selection criteria of plastic-bottled tea among
university students in Japan to analyze the consumer behavior. We are planning to conduct small-scale qualitative research as needed.
Detailed results will be presented in the poster session. We understand that the outcome of our research cannot be generalized to different
markets. Furthermore, it is not enough to discuss the transformation of consumer awareness and behavior with the development of social
movements such as the SDGs. Both of those issues are challenges for the future.
62029

Analysis on Li Qingzhao’s Poems: Discussion on the Limitations of Applying Sentiment Analysis on Chinese
Literatures of the Song Dynasty
Hoi Ting Law, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Natural language processing (NLP), concerning the interactions between computers and human languages, has been widely used inprocessing and analyzing large amounts of data in human languages. NLP not only enables computers to understand the contents ofhuman languages in different media, for example documents and audio, its subfields have been universally employed to handle lexical
tasks. Sentiment analysis, which has been used to quantify and study affective states and subjective information, is an example. Althougha rising number of packages and algorithms for sentiment analysis have been introduced to further enhance the accuracy and usefulnessof the analysis, they are not that developed for analyzing Chinese characters compared to that of English. SnowNLP, one of the few
packages for sentiment analysis in Chinese, despite being acclaimed as having satisfying accuracy in the analysis, its efficiency inanalyzing ancient Chinese characters is still questionable. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of sentiment analysis
on classical in Chinese literature of the Song Dynasty by using SnowNLP to analyze all poems (Song Ci) of Li Qingzhao, a famous female
poet in the Song Dynasty. In this paper, an experimental analysis of all poems of Li by SnowNLP are discussed, followed by the evaluation
based on the analysis results. Finally, suggestions on ameliorating the outcomes of sentiment analysis are provided.
61254

The Framing and Production of Villains in a Capitalist Society
Rifal Imam, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Is the human being innately selfish? What does it mean for something to be innate? Do all human beings share the same innate motivations?
What makes a villain a villain, and who decides? Is selfishness equitable with evil? This essay explores the influence of capitalism increating a framework for how modern villains in western society are produced. The essay utilizes a sequential analysis of multidisciplinary
theories to analyze their application on capitalism and its consequential effects on society’s understanding of the human. Moreover, theessay analyzes the emergent framework produced and its application in art, particularly literature, further utilizing The Devil Wears Prada
as an exemplary case study. Capitalism has functioned as more than just an economic system in the modern Western world, spreading its
influence into disciplines such as psychology, biology, politics, and most significantly art, or literature in particular. Authors, representativeof the common citizen, recreate the framed “evil” and “good” into narratives through the creation of a character. In the Western capitalist
society, the evil character is an exaggerated primal selfish figure whilst the hero is the unattainable truly altruistic character. Approaching
characters through a different lens illustrates that the idea of evil may not be as universal as western theory likes to promote and is,instead, a build-up of interdisciplinary theories.
61609

The Popularity of Taiwanese Foods in Japan: Factors of Attraction
Chinatsu Takeda, Ritsumeikan University, Japan

Taiwan is a small country famous for its “delicious food at reasonable price” in Japan. In recent years, many foods that allude to a
Taiwanese origin, such as "Taiwan bubble tea," "Taiwan melon bread, "Taiwan maze-soba," etc.) have appeared on the market, attracting
much public attention. In addition, according to Japan National Tourism Organization, the number of Japanese travelers to Taiwan has
been gradually increasing since 2018. Maehara and Park (2021)* defined three major waves of tapioca tea boom in Japan. The amountof imported tapioca during the first wave (around 1992) and the second wave (2003-2008) was under 2,000t, while during the third one
which started in 2018, it increased dramatically to reach about 17,000t, which shows how big and influential has the third boom been. The
purpose of this research is to reveal what factors have contributed to the popularity of Taiwanese food in Japan and how the current boomof Taiwanese foods will contribute to the relationship between Taiwan and Japan. The results presented here are based on a questionnaire
survey conducted among 109 Japanese students aged 18-22 in October to November, fieldwork research I conducted in August 2021 in
the city of Nagoya, which is considered to be the birthplace of a Japanese original Taiwanese food. In addition, examination of Tabemiru,
database service provided by Japan’s largest recipe sharing online platform Cookpad, particularly focus on the frequency of searches forfoods related to “Taiwan” has been rapidly increasing since 2018.

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vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Two
61653

The Study of the Japanese English Education System and its Impact on the Growth of Global Leaders and its
Influences
Johannes Pandhito Panji Herdento, Musashino University, Japan
Prakriti Thokra Tamang, Musashino University, Japan
Miu Sakai, Musashino University, Japan
Momoko Saito, Musashino University, Japan

Globalization has made the world a global village connecting nations through a common base of English as its universal language. It hascreated a vast network of chains between various nations creating opportunities not only to communicate but also to exchange knowledge,
technologies and expand it. It has made global trade possible with billions of imports and exports throughout the world increasing the
global business with the use of English. Amidst this, it is seen that countries with a good foundation in English have been able to influence
global business through its skill. Referring to the skillset and potential of being one of the top-tier global market leaders, Japan is seen
as one of the best candidates. However, Japan is facing difficulties in the competitive business market due to its lack of an early strong
foundation in English compared to other surrounding nations. These significant differences in English levels determine the ability ofJapanese Business owners to expand their product and service market overseas with the global world. This situation brings Japan to theedge of global competition since the growth of the Japanese economy relies on global business cooperation and overseas markets of its
manufactured products. The research would address the importance of English education and its impact on the market expansion andgrowth of global leaders.
61255

The Transnational Apolitical Humanitarian: A Consequence of Biafra
Rifal Imam, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

This essay explores the significance and consequences of Biafra in the history and conceptualization of humanitarianism in Africa,delving into the tensions between the political and the apolitical, or the “emotional.” Through the case study of Uganda, the essay analyzes
the consequences of Biafra’s solidification of the perception of Africa in the humanitarian sector, particularly the move to transnational
humanitarianism for individual human rights. Biafra emerged in the historically defined “global 1960s,” a period of transnational protests,
the African independence movement, anti-colonial struggle, and a vital transformative period for the conception of scale and purpose of
non-governmental aid, and more largely humanitarianism. Capitalizing on the new transnational human rights movement and the newly
formed conception of genocide, Biafra pushed itself to the international stage to garner transnational support and recognition for thehuman right of sovereignty. In response, Nigeria and its paternalistic supporter, Britain, reframed Biafra as manipulative of the politicaland the apolitical humanitarianism resulting in the solidification of the indisposition of African States to protect its citizens. Biafra further
solidified the idea that secessionist projects were not viable options for the postcolonial African state, as opposed to the European
Balkans, as the African state could not be trusted. Humanitarianism, thus, transcended the nation and was aimed at the innocent, apoliticalindividual, and political engagement was seen as impossible, as illustrated by the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Uganda.
61559

Slipping Through the Net: Pirates in the South China Sea During the Reign of Emperor Jiaqing (1796-1820)
Pui Yin Sze, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

The presentation will start with the introduction of a famous Qing official scroll, entitled “Pacifying the South China Sea(靖海全圖)”,portraying the pirates and Qing naval force in the South China Sea during the reign of Emperor Jiaqing (1796-1820). Zheng Yi Sao鄭一嫂(1775-1844) and Zhang Bao張保(1786-1822), the Bonnie and Clyde of the South China Sea, were the leaders of these pirates. This scroll
provides us with some glimpses of the relations between pirates and the Qing state. The pirates were the free-floating elements who
slipped through the net of the state. Unlike their compatriots in the heartland, the pirates did not stick to the land permanently – they were
mobile, flexible, and uncontrollable – they could move by boats freely and hide in different islands. As such, they were de jure living in the
shadow of the Qing state but not de facto governed by it. As they were hardly incorporated as a stable part of the empire, which posed apotential menace to the sociopolitical stability along the coast, the Qing state desired to oversee them, although in vain. Meanwhile, they
were not always the opposites of the state; there were co-operations and bargains. These negotiations manifested that not only were theirpositions kept on an equal footing, but the pirates were also open resources that could be utilized and exploited by the state for its own
sake. In this way, this presentation attempts to examine their relations.

20 | IAFOR.ORG | AURS2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the symposium using #IAFOR)

vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Two
61642

How Does New AI Technology Reproduce and Contest Patriarchal Norms and Social Reality in ContemporaryJapan
Jiatian Li, Soka University, Japan

This presentation shows how new forms of digital capitalism reproduce an old patriarchal hegemonic moral order rooted in reactionarysocial judgements that standardize homogenous ideals about gender and minority cultures in the process of Japan-making. I show how
new robot technology is being used to reproduce long-established gender ideologies that legitimate gender division of labor by appealing
to people’s entrenched social expectations. Despite the progress of innovative technology in Japan, robot production has been found to bea product of naturalized gender performance. Furthermore, AI algorithms reflect heterosexual norms of gender division of labor, inserting
data with inbuilt biases that amplify people’s perceptions of a homogenous reality. We here see how the old salaryman-housewife model
systematically underpins such calculations. Under the development of digital capitalism, it is also now well-documented how minority
cultures reinvent themselves into standardized identities, often commodified into easily consumable objects to attract tourists. This ispart of wider media messaging that create boundaries between mainstream and minority cultures in ways that necessitates display ofauthenticity along majority expectations of minority exotic difference. For example, both Japanese Burakumin or Ainu minority statusreflect histories of stigmatization and colonialism but who now bear the responsibility to display their “authentic” culture to promotecertain values and rights. This paper shows how the reproduction of homogenous gender and minority scripts reflect national narratives
that represent domestic power through transforming individual self-identities into parts of a collective national body that demand
consumer ability along old colonial and patriarchal norms.
61633

Racism, Bias, and Harassment Towards Frontline Workers: Experiences of Environmental Public HealthProfessional During the COVID-19 Pandemic Response
Subrana Rahman, Ryerson University, Canada
Fatih Sekercioglu, Ryerson University, Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted several challenges for Environmental Public Health Workers (EPHPs). This study aims tounderstand the experiences of EPHPs during the pandemic to improve future crises and incidents that may arise. A mixed-methods,
cross-sectional online survey was conducted in June 2021. There were a total of 80 survey responses. Participants were EPHPs fromacross Canada. Frequency tabulations were used to analyze close-ended survey responses, and both a conventional content analysis
and thematic analysis were used to conduct open-ended responses. Results from this study revealed that EPHPs have faced incidents ofharassment, frustration from the public, and a lack of support from management. These matters ultimately challenged the wellbeing of
EPHPs, placing them at increased risk of burnout, stress and fear. Thus, it is crucial that support for mental health and reporting systems
are improved for the future to ensure that EPHPs are able to meet the demands of their work. Further studies should be conducted to
examine the experiences of EPHPs lived experiences and the barriers faced.
61600

The Role of the Arts in Education — Examining the Purposes of Creativity in Education
Chuying Wu, University College London, United Kingdom

The role of the arts in education is often underscored in knowledge-rich curricula. This is because, given the increasingly neoliberalpractices in education, the arts are seldom perceived as directly contributing to the standardized form of knowledge and higher school
grades. However, through reflecting on the purposes of creativity, this paper argues that the arts can confer a more transformative andactive form of education than the mere presence of standardized knowledge. The paper first argues that knowledge-rich curricula often
view creativity as mere problem-solving, such as solving math problems. This notion of creativity is challenged since it may run the riskof restricting the purpose of education to raising productivity in the capitalistic society. By critically analyzing Maxine Greene’s and Kieran
Egan’s philosophical works, the paper then suggests an alternative understanding to creativity, which calls for greater social goods andpersonal sense-making. On a social level, Greene’s works envisage a more transformative use of creativity by showing its possibility inthe reconstruction of social orders, such as breaking down social prejudice. On a personal level, Egan’s works fill a dimension that Greene
does not focus on — the active use of creativity for meaning-making. Finally, by examining arts education, the paper argues that the arts
have the very potential in bringing about this newly proposed understanding of creativity, constructing a more transformative and activemode of education.
61596

Music & Human Connection: Leadership for Human Relationship
Chien Chin Yap, Soka University, Japan

During a global crisis such as the pandemic, a lonely and socially isolating society led to a higher suicide rate and individuals with mental
distress. In this time of crisis and change, what kind of leaders are needed? Can some hope be found in arts, specifically the arts? How doaesthetic leaders lead in this materialistic 21st century where civilians have lost their connection towards humanity? Aesthetic leadershipis a leadership theory that connects to the five-human senses to collect aesthetical data that will be used to make decision making(Hansen et al., 2007). With the capability of music to foster stronger interpersonal characteristics and people skills, the aim of this researchis to present how the fields of music and art develop leadership that contributes to stronger human relationships and community bonding.
What is the impact of group music learning experiences on the development of leadership traits? This qualitative research touched on the
lives of two music conductors with different backgrounds and countries. As the result of the analysis, two significant themes emerged:
music generates community bonding and humanistic meaning, and music learning cultivates people skills and leadership variables. This
research contributes to the field of music education for leadership development and sheds light on the discoveries of aesthetic leadershipconnecting to human relationships.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | AURS2021 | IAFOR.ORG | 21

Notes22 | IAFOR.ORG | AURS2021 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the symposium using #IAFOR)

17:00-18:00 | Group Three
Saturday, November 27

Parallel Poster
Presentations III
Watch pre-recorded Virtual Poster Presentations on the following webpages:

vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling, grammatical, or
typographical errors are those of the author.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | AURS2021 | IAFOR.ORG | 23

vimeo.com/channels/aurs2021

AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Three
61566

The Two Pathways of Global Fintech Development

Tin Hei Alpha Yuen, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Wai Kee Thomas Yuen, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
In the past few decades, the worldwide development of fintech have been rapid. The current development of the global Fintech Industry canbe divided into two distinct pathways, which are promoting fintech within the current financial ecosystem and incorporating technology
firms into the current financial ecosystem. The rise of the two current pathway for global fintech development is predominantly inducedby the emergence of techfins that forced traditional financial institutions like international banks to incorporate fintech into their system
to encounter the challenge from techfins. The two distinct pathways of global fintech development both has their own edges andshortcomings. Even though the incorporation of technology firms into the current financial ecosystem would be significantly benefitedby the technological and data analytical competitive advantage technology firms holds, the risk posed by techfins due to the lenientregulation is an inevitable issue. While tight regulation on banks have limited the risk of promoting fintech within the current financial
ecosystem, it would also limit the trial of innovation and fintech development. This study tend to analyze the correlation between the
global FinTech hub Index (GFHI) ranking with the global financial center index (GHCI) ranking to evaluate the current mainstream pathwayof global fintech development. Two hypotheses would be set up. For the null hypothesis, a positive correlation between the two rankings
indicated that global fintech development is following pathway one. For the alternative hypothesis, no or negative correlation would
instead indicate that the global fintech development is following the second pathway.
60943

Hopeful Narratives, Grim Realities: A Phenomenological Study on The Satisfaction of Duterte Supporters in
Tondo, Manila regarding the Train Law and Anti-Endo Bill
Kyle Arguelles, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Eugene Beltran, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

In the 2016 presidential race, Rodrigo Roa Duterte highlighted the need to put a halt to contractual employment and reform the tax
system. Key socio-economic policy promises made by Duterte had taken a “pro-worker” and “pro-poor” approach, much to the delightof the animated supporters of the former mayor. Presently, the working conditions of contractual employees remain problematic ascontractualization persists while the implemented TRAIN Law ensures clear but conditional benefits. By employing the Met Expectations
theory (Claassen & et.al, 2013; Banks, 2005), this phenomenological study aims to explore the expectations of the electorate towards apotential Duterte-led government, experiences under the socio-economic policy outcomes under the current administration, and overallsatisfaction with the performance of Duterte in addressing the aforementioned socio-economic issues. Taxpayers and contractual workers
residing in Tondo, Manila engage in one-on-one interviews wherein basic and categorical themes are constructed. Through narrative andthematic methods of analysis, the researchers were able to come up with the following themes: (a) poor socio-economic conditions for
taxpayers and contractual workers prior to the 2016 presidential race, (b) positive perceptions and high expectations towards a potential
Duterte-led national government, (c) negative experiences for both taxpayers and contractual workers under the implemented TRAIN Law
and vetoed Anti-Endo Bill, and (d) low levels of satisfaction for taxpayers and contractual workers that yielded negative experiences. This
study examines the lived experiences of the electorate, providing an in-depth view of the challenges faced under the socio-economic
landscape of the Duterte administration.
61587

Revisiting the United Nations’ Role in Maintaining Peace and Security in the 21st Century: Norm Contestation
and Changing Power Dynamics
Wenbo Wu, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, China

As the freezing effect of the Cold War on international relations vanished in the 1990s, the past two decades have witnessed a more activerole played by the United Nations (UN) in maintaining international peace and security with the introduction of influential new policy
programmes. In assessing the UN’s effectiveness, while none of the individual International Relations (IR) theories can generate adequate
knowledge, each of them holds critical insights. Based on empirical investigations, rationalism-informed approaches, particularly
the realist-neoliberal institutionalist debate on interstate cooperation, have offered important insights in conceptualizing the role ofinternational organizations in IR. Nevertheless, the state-centric and rational choice-based model of these approaches could be vulnerable
in more interpretive contexts. Based on a theoretical model inspired by constructivism and complemented by the English School andChinese IR scholarship, this thesis examines the UN’s efforts in maintaining international peace and security in the 21st century from anormative perspective and argues that owing to its normative importance, the UN plays a predominant role in the socialization processesof international security norms, which have major impacts on how the UN delivers governance in security issues. Meanwhile, this thesis
also demonstrates how states influence UN security governance through participating in norm contestations and how this reveals the riseand fall of state power. Drawing on extensive UN documents and government statements, the socialization processes of two norms: theResponsibility to Protect and the Women Peace and Security agenda will be analyzed using a process-tracing method to further illustrate
the thesis.

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AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Three
61604

Interrogating Post-truth Politics From the Perspectives of Speed and Technology in the Age of Global Pandemic
Through Paul Virilio’s Dromology
Yuting He, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, China

The spectre of post-truth politics haunts the globe, particularly in an era of the global pandemic when the threat of the invisible coronavirus
renders fear, panic and insecurity. This paper considers the covid-19 pandemic as an example of dromology, when physical movements
are limited and ICTs play significant roles in shaping people’s perceptions. Considering the post-truth phenomena including distrust,fragmentation and xenophobia, this paper will start with a Foucauldian ‘knowledge-power’ paradigm of truth. This paper will criticallyexamine the nuances of attributing post-truth politics to postmodernism, and argues that the Foucauldian account of post-truth meets its
erosion under the current age of mass media. This paper will introduce Paul Virilio’s thesis of dromology and argues that a Virilian ‘movingpower’ paradigm is more effective in interpreting the post-truth politics during the global pandemic. Virilio argues that politics was driven
by the need for security, which centres on speed and assisted by the invention of technologies to speed. Given that who has the access to
speed will have the power, the current democratization of power happens when information and communication technologies (ICTs) are
widely used by people. Thus the ‘synchronization of affect’ through mass media emerges and causes the ‘democracy of emotions’. The
former politics that consist of opinions has been changed to responses to emotion, resulting in the post-truth chaos.
61627

Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf? A Study on the Filipino Youth’s Perspectives on Philippines-China Relations
Fea Jerulen Gelvezon, University of Alberta, CanadaThis study examines the perspectives of Filipino youth ages 18 to 24 towards an increasingly nationalistic and militaristic China regarding
Philippines-China relations, using the Chinese blockbuster film Wolf Warrior II as a vehicle for focus group discussions. The Philippines
and China currently have a strained relationship. They compete for territorial claims in the South China Sea while also having strong
economic ties through China's increasing investments in the Philippines. Meanwhile, the Philippines' current administration of President
Rodrigo Duterte pursues a foreign policy of appeasement towards China, hoping this approach will strengthen the Philippine economy(Zha and Gong 2021, 253). An analysis of two focus groups from two different cities in the Philippines, Manila and Iloilo City, showed that
the Filipino youth have concerns regarding the current Duterte administration’s friendly approach towards China. The Filipino youth areconcerned that Duterte's approach would prove unfavourable to the Philippines' sovereignty, economy, and identity. This study suggeststhat the Filipino youth's perspectives towards the influence of China on the Philippines stem from the sitting administration's response
to Chinese foreign policy. Much of the Filipino youth's perception of fear and concern about Philippines-China relations stem from theDuterte administration's pro-China foreign policy. The attitude of the Philippine President towards China then influences the Filipino
youth's own attitude towards China. The outcomes of the 2022 Philippine Elections could potentially turn the Filipino youth's perspectives
towards Philippine-China relations. If a pro-Filipino presidential candidate wins the Philippine presidency, their attitude can turn fromanxious to optimistic.
62171

The 1941 Oil Embargo as a Result of Unintended Factors and Leadership Failure
Jio Kamata, Akita International University, Japan

It is widely agreed that the 1941 oil embargo, effectively halting the entire oil export from the US to Japan, ignited the Pacific war. However,even after decades have passed since that event, there is still an ongoing debate regarding what initiated the US to implement thatmeasure. One popular interpretation asserts that the policy was decided based on Roosevelt's firm beliefs. However, this paper would
frame the 1941 oil embargo as a result of unintended factors distorting the decision-making process. First, this paper argues that President
Roosevelt has been opposed to an oil embargo, by analyzing his attitude towards Japan since his inauguration. Moreover, by looking into
the disturbing factors, represented by Dean Acheson, this paper would discuss how Roosevelt's desire was prevented from materializing.
Finally, as an indirect cause that provided a window of opportunity for the emergence of the resistance from the bureaucracy, the paper
would conclude that the Europe first strategy was critical.
61012

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Waste Management: A Case Study of Dhaka City in Bangladesh
Alice S. Gomes, North South University, Bangladesh
Ahsan Saif, North South University, Bangladesh
Samiha Hasan, North South University, Bangladesh
Shama E. Haque, North South University, Bangladesh
Nazmun Nahar, North South University, Bangladesh

According to the World Health Organization, between 3 January 2020 and 6 July 2021, there have been 966,406 confirmed cases of Covid-19
with 15,392 deaths in Bangladesh. Currently, fueled by the delta variant, Bangladesh is suffering from the third Covid-19 wave. With the surge
in Covid-19 patients, PPE requirements have increased, which in turn will increase the generation of PPE wastes. The objective of this study
is to evaluate plastic waste management situation during the pandemic in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. This study focuses on theimpacts of Covid-19 on plastic waste generated by healthcare facilities in Dhaka. The results indicate that the responses to the coronavirus
in Dhaka have resulted in excessive use of long-lasting single use plastic products. Use of these items experienced a surge due to a risein online food delivery amid Covid-19 restrictions. The study finds mismanagement of healthcare facility wastes during the early stagesof Covid-19. Subsequently, healthcare authorities reported that proper Covid-19 waste management procedures are being followed. The
findings further indicate that due to waste mismanagement, substantial plastic waste leaks into the environment. This is concerning due toits impacts to natural ecosystems as well as public health and safety. The findings indicate that some local healthcare facilities incinerate
the generated Covid-19 waste or mix the generated waste with regular garbage. For proper management of Covid-19 waste, an efficientincineration facility is critical. The study proposes an incinerator, which is expected to reduce the Covid-19 waste quantity by ~95%.

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AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Three
61581

Investigating the Role of Short-chain Fatty Acid Butyrate on Anxiety-like Behavior and Social Recognition in
Mice
Tzu-Hsuan Yao, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Wei-Li Wu, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Chia-Wei Liou, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a concept describing the complicated interactions among gut microbiota, intestinal microenvironment,
and central nervous system. Accumulating evidence suggests that signaling from the gut microbes can directly or indirectly impact
brain development and functionalities through immune, neural, hormonal, or metabolic pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) aremetabolites derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch and play a critical role in the host nervous
system. Among the various SCFA, previous studies suggest that butyrate exerts beneficial effects on neurodevelopmental disorders andcognitive dysfunction. However, most studies focused on the peripheral effects of butyrate on behaviors. Herein, we examined the effectsof central infusion of butyrate on anxiety-like and social recognition in mice. Butyrate was infused into the brain by intracerebroventricular(ICV) injection in mice treated with antibiotics. The data showed that ICV injection of butyrate did not produce any effect on anxietylike behavior and social recognition in antibiotics-treated mice. However, we found that central infusion of butyrate downregulated thelocomotor activity in the open-field test. In addition, our preliminary data showed that ICV injection of butyrate increased c-Fos+ cells in
the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Altogether, central delivery of butyrate in
the acute fashion decreases the locomotion but does not alter mouse anxiety-like and social recognition. We speculate that the lowered
locomotion in central butyrate-infused mice might be associated with the neural activity in distinct brain regions in the limbic system,
such as PVN and CeA.
61260

The Decarbonisation of the University of Leeds Campus Through Electrification
Daniel Oliver Taylor, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Advances in lithium-ion battery technology have led to electric vehicles becoming more affordable, as technology advances, more andmore EVs will be adopted, giving encouraging progress in the hopes of reducing air pollution. However, whilst progress has been made,there is a significant difference between the number of electric vehicles on the road compared to the number of conventional vehicles.
Electric vehicles are shown to have numerous benefits over diesel and petrol fuelled vehicles, as a result, the government has attempted
to stimulate uptake through a number of incentives such as a road tax discount and the ‘plug-in’ grant, enabling a £2,500 discount on theprice of new, low-emission vehicles. These incentives have encouraged the general public to consider EV adoption, however, numbers ofelectric cars on the road are still significantly smaller than conventional vehicles. The university of Leeds is considering various incentives
in order to increase the use of sustainable transport vehicles around campus. This study analyses the attitudes of staff and students
around the university on the matter of electric cars and electric bikes, from this, a set of policies are carefully considered that will aim to
help members switch to a more sustainable form of transport.
61442

Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties to Find the Alternative Substrate Material for the Bettermentof Green Roof Technology
Shuraik Kader, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka
Lizny Jaufer, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
Shiromi Karunaratne, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka
A. M. M. Asmath, South Eastern University, Sri Lanka

Green roofs are becoming increasingly implemented aspect in building construction at recent years. Growing substrate is the mostimportant component of Green roof. The main problem faced with implementing the Green roof technology is heavy weight of substrates.
The primitive reason is the inability of existing production trends to incorporate the identification of lightweight composition withrequired physical and chemical properties. Identification of proper lightweight substrate is essential for environmental sustainability
since it provides a good living nature for human specially in urban nature through facilitating more chances for increased vegetation.
Therefore, the aim of my research is to propose alternative lightweight substrate mediums with high drought resistance, optimum thermal
conductivity, ambient nutrient provision (N, P, K content), optimum electric conductivity while having allowable pH magnitude that issuitable for plantations. The accomplishment of aim would mitigate the ongoing environmental impacts like lack of rainfall, scarcity ofwater and drought conditions due to lack of vegetation. The objective of this research project is to reduce the cost of manufacture and toincrease productivity of Green roof substrates through locally sourced wastes. Since Green roof is an improving concept, it is essential
to examine substrate compositions and characteristics. Waste materials like Coir, Saw dust, Biochar, Wood bark and cooked food wastes
would be compared in terms of mentioned parameters. The optimum substrate medium can be implemented effectively in Green roofs
technology to resolve UHI effect issues and to increase the longevity of living ecosystem.

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AURS2021 Virtual Presentations (Poster) | Group Three
61606

Free Solar Charging for Electronic Devices in Japan’s Public Areas
Christian Denver Samson, Musashino University, Japan
Rj Samin, Musashino University, Japan
Alicia Hellstern, Musashino University, JapanZhi Hooi Lim, Musashino University, Japan

Electrical energy consumption through electronic devices has been rapidly increasing in Japan as technology becomes more accessible
and cheaper. There are an estimated 95 million people in the nation, consuming approximately 3 to 4 watts of energy each day for the
purpose of recharging their gadgets and electronics. This poses an imminent challenge for the future of Japan’s energy security andsustainability. This study was conducted to determine if the implementation of solar charging alternatives in public are feasible in Japan,
which may help reduce the depletion of electrical energy in the country. The research was collected and conducted through descriptive
research design which included 45 participants, both Japanese and Foreign residents in Japan. A Google Forms questionnaire was used,
and the data gathered consisted of 5 sections, designed to collect the opinions of our audience in regard to solar energy. Based on the
results, it was concluded that individuals in Japan are aware of the increasing energy consumption in the country and are willing to utilize
free solar energy alternatives/outlets in public as a way of charging their electronic devices should it be made available. Thus, it presents
a market for opportunities to reduce energy consumption within the nation. Furthermore, the researchers recommend that to increase theaccessibility of this project, collaboration with private companies and government subsidies through funding and public support is advised.
Moreover, designing these solar charging alternatives in the form of cost-efficient kiosks or stations may aid in making the project's
expansion more effective.
61614

Plant-based Meat: The Role of Grocery Stores and Consumers for Food Sustainability
Saya Takahashi, Keiwa College, Japan
Yuji Shuhama, Keiwa College, Japan

As interest in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) increase worldwide, it has become necessary to take action to achieve thegoals on an individual basis, not just by the governments and industries. The purpose of this study is to propose a business model for
consumers to work on SDGs by approaching plant-based meat substitutes in supermarkets. The survey methods are to search for news
articles, conduct questionnaire surveys about how well the substitutes are known to the public, and carry out on-site surveys at several
grocery stores in a local city in Japan. Compared to the global market trend, the market of plant-based meat substitutes in Japan has justbegun, and its consumer awareness is still low. Meat production contributes to environmental issues, and current meat consumption isconsidered to cause a global food crisis in the future. There are only a few types of plant-based meat products available in local stores,
and the sales areas dealing with such products similarly to raw meat are limited. Based on the survey results, we will introduce a point
system that is given by purchasing prepared foods using plant-based meat substitutes and can be used for shopping, and plan “No
Meat Day” once a week, which encourages consumers to reduce meat for their meals. Then, we simulate our ideas and examine whether
they have a ripple effect or not. In conclusion, it is desirable for supermarkets to deal with plant-based meat substitutes to promote anddevelop a sustainable diet.
61639

Peace, Conservation and Capitalism Within the Korean DMZ: Critiquing the Proposal for a DMZ Peace Park
Matthew Doohan, Australian National University, Australia

Since the late 1990s, Peace Parks have emerged as a model for managing border regions with histories of conflict, combining the aimsof peacemaking and protecting fragile ecological landscapes. Organisations such as DMZ Forum argue that transforming the Korean
Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) into a ‘Peace Park’ can both promote inter-Korean peace, and protect unique ecosystems within the DMZ.
The proposal for a DMZ Peace Park is rooted in an assumption of political neutrality; however, recent Peace Park literature suggests the
opposite. This paper explores why the Peace Park model has become a significant framework for imagining the DMZ’s future, and asks
what Peace Park theory can tell us about the potential implications of the DMZ Peace Park proposal. Drawing upon recent contributions
to Peace Park theory, Korean media, provincial government policy papers, and scholarly critique, this paper argues that the vision for a
DMZ Peace Park is far from politically neutral or benign. The proposal ‘remakes’ meanings and narratives of DMZ in ways that oppose
the interpretations of the North Korean government. In this way, a DMZ Peace Park can inflame perennial political disagreements about
legitimacy and identity between the two Koreas. Further, the proposal is embedded with developmentalist logic, suggesting that the
prima facie environmental objectives of a Peace Park are conditional upon the profit motive. My findings suggest that scholars ought tomore closely critique visions of the DMZ’s future and ask: what does ‘peace’ mean to governments, communities, and capital, and whosematerial interests does ‘peace’ serve?

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