RNUS Annual Report 2007

Editted by
Kawin Worakanchana, Wataru Takeuchi, Shinji Tanaka,
Pennung Warnitchai and Kimiro Meguro
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering(ICUS)
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, Japan

ICUS Report No.29
April 2008

PREFACE
It has been five and half years since the establishment of Regional
Network Office for Urban Safety (RNUS) at Asian Institute of Technology(AIT) in October 2002. This year, AIT and ICUS have agreed to extend theMemorandum of Agreement to continue their cooperative activities at
RNUS for 2 more years until October 2009. During 2007, there have been
many changes in ICUS and RNUS. Professor Kimiro Meguro became
ICUS director. Dr. Wataru Takeuchi and Dr. Shinji Tanaka were assigned
to RNUS as coordinators. In this year, I started working at RNUS from July
2007 as project researcher while Dr. Raktipong Sahamitmonkol finished his
term and took over his new position as researcher at Sirindhorn International
Institute of Technology (SIIT). Certainly, this does not change RNUS
primary goal to promote urban safety engineering using both advanced andlocal applicable technologies through the international cooperation.
This ICUS report collects major RNUS activities in 2007. During
the year, we have carried out 10 significant activities. These include 3
seminars which were held at AIT and Chulalongkorn University. RNUS
was also involved in two projects which are “Seismic Hazard andVulnerability Mapping of Dhaka, Chittagong & Sylhet City Corporation
Areas” and “Master Plan for Earthquake and Building Collapse Hazard
Prevention and Mitigation in Thailand (Phase I)”, respectively. These two
projects will continue in 2008. We hope that this report can give useful
information for those who are interested in urban safety issues.

Kawin Worakanchana

CONTENTS
1. RNUS ACTIVITIES REPORT 2007………………………………………………………... 1
1.1 Seminar on “Ultrasonic and Its Application for Cement-Based Materials”………………….. 1
1.2 Inspection of a Burnt Factory Facility in Rayong Province………………………………….. 2
1.3 ICUS and RNUS Participated in Thailand Science and Technology Fair 2007………………3
1.4 RNUS and Geoinformatic Center (GIC) Donated a Forest Fire Monitoring System withRemote Sensing to GISTDA in Thailand…………………………………………………... 4
1.5 ICUS Renewed Contract of RNUS with AIT………………………………………………… 5
1.6 RNUS, GIC and Kyoto University Corporate to Carrying Out a Field Survey in Thailand…..6
1.7 Seminar on “Toward a Partnership on Disaster Management
and Remote Sensing/ GIS Technologies ………………………............................................. 8
1.8 RNUS Participated in Mini-Project and Workshop on
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS……………………………………………………11
1.9 Site and Interview Survey for Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Mitigation System
for the Indian Ocean Project in Phuket………………..……………………………………..12
1.10 Short Seminar on Transportation at Chulalongkorn University…………………………… 12
2. RNUS PROJECT - SEISMIC HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY MAPPING OFDHAKA, CHITTAGONG & SYLHET CITY CORPORATION AREAS……………. 13
2.1 Project Background…………………………………………………………………………..13
2.2 Overall Objectives…………………………………………………………………………... 13
2.3 Scope…………………………………………………………………………………………14
2.4 Preliminary visit to Dhaka during 15 -22 March, 2008……………………………………... 14
2.4.1 Background…………………………………………………………………………. 14
2.4.2 Developing of Structural Type Classification……………………............................. 15
2.4.3 Development of Occupancy Type Classification…………………………………….15
2.4.4 Developing the Survey Method for Seismic Damage Assessment …………………..15
3. MASTER PLAN FOR EARTHQUAKES AND BUILDING COLLAPSE HAZARDPREVENTION AND MITIGATION IN THAILAND (PHASE I)……………….....….18
3.1 Introduction and Project Background……………………………………………………….. 18
3.2 Brief Methodology…………………………………………………………………………...18

APPENDIX : COLLECTION OF PRESENTATION FROM RNUS SEMINAR 2008….. 21
Prof. Kimiro Meguro…………………………………………………………….…….……….23
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Assoc. Prof. Pennung Warnitchai……………………………………………….…………….31
School of Engineering and Technology
Asian Institute of Technology, THAILAND
Mr. Siri Akaakara….…………………………………………….…………………………….45
National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, THAILAND
Mrs. Praneet Disariyakul…..………………………………….……………………………….61
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
THAILAND
Dr. Manzul K. Hazarika……………………………………………………………………….69
Geoinformatics Center
Asian Institute of Technology, THAILAND
Dr. Masahiko Honzawa …………………………………………….……………………….…77
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAPAN
Assoc. Prof. Warakorn Mairaing…………………………..………………………………….89
The Department of Civil Engineering
Kasetsart University, THAILAND
Dr. Sutat Weesakul……………………………………………………..……………………..103
School of Engineering and Technology
Asian Institute of Technology, THAILAND
Prof. Tomonari Yashiro………………………………………………….…………………...115
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPANDr. Shinji Tanaka……………………………………………………..………………………125
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPANList of Figures
Figure 1: Dr.Wonsiri Punurai (second from left), with the instructors of the SET, AIT
Figure 2: Condition inside the factory after having been burnt
Figure 3: Testing of the surface hardness of columns by Schmidt hammer
Figure 4: Measurement of ultrasonic wave on columns
Figure 5: Dr. Raktipong, Dr. Takeuchi, Prof. Meguro and Dr. Kawin
Figure 6: Participants visited UT booth
Figure 7: Dr. Vivarad Phonekeo, Dr. Wataru Takeuchi, and Dr. Chaowalit Silapathong(from left to right) are holding a MODIS-based hotspot information detection
and distribution system
Figure 8: Contract signing between Prof. Kimiro Meguro, ICUS
and Prof. Worsak Kanok-Nukulchai, SET, AIT
Figure 9: Group photo after signing ceremony
Figure 10: Dr. Kawin Worakanchana, Dr. Junichi Susaki and Dr. Wataru Takeuchi(from left to right) at the RNUS office
Figure 11: Setting up a soil moisture and land surface temperature sensors
and data logger on the ground in a rice paddy field in Buriram, Thailand
Figure 12: Registration
Figure 13: Opening speech by Prof. Worsak, AIT
Figure 14: Opening speech by Prof. Meguro, ICUS
Figure 15: Presentation by Dr. Pennung Warnitchai, AIT
Figure 16: Group photograph at the seminar room
Figure 17: Presentation by Prof. Tomonari Yashiro, IIS
Figure 18: Prof. Meguro delivering a gift to Prof. Yashiro for his presentation
Figure 19: Dr. Takeuchi giving his presentation
Figure 20: Soft storey and heavily overhanging structure in Dhaka

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KAWIN WORAKANCHANAInternational Center for Urban Safety Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPANWATARU TAKEUCHI

Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPANPENNUNG WARNITCHAI

School of Engineering and Technology
Asian Institute of Technology, THAILANDSHINJI TANAKAInternational Center for Urban Safety Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPANKIMIRO MEGURO

International Center for Urban Safety Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN1. RNUS ACTIVITIES REPORT 2007
RNUS activities are organized every year since its establishment in order tobuild the safer urban environment by utilizing both advanced and local
applicable technologies. In 2007, RNUS has carried out totally 10 major
activities as below:
1.1 Seminar on “Ultrasonic and Its Application for Cement-BasedMaterials”
On February 8, 2007, Dr. Wonsiri Punurai from the Civil Engineering
Department, Mahidol University gave lecture at RNUS seminar on ‘An
Introduction to Ultrasonic and Its Application for Characterization of
Cement-Based Materials.’ In the presentation, Dr. Wosiri explained about
the examples of ultrasonic applications in concrete engineering. The
seminar received a remarkable interest from graduate students, researchers,
as well as instructors of the School of Engineering and Technology (SET),
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT).

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Figure 1: Dr.Wonsiri Punurai (second from left),with the instructors of the SET, AIT
1.2 Inspection of a Burnt Factory Facility in Rayong Province
A one-day site survey was carried out on May 5, 2007 to investigate adamaged portion of a burnt factory in Rayong Province. The objectives ofthe project are to evaluate a remaining structural capacity of the structuralmembers (RC column & steel truss) as well as to determine the necessity ofstrengthening work. Both a well-known Schmidt rebound hammer andultrasonic wave propagation technique were employed in this project.

Figure 2: Condition inside the factory after having been burnt

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Figure 3: Testing of the surface hardness of columns by Schmidt hammer

Figure 4: Measurement of ultrasonic wave on columns
1.3 ICUS and RNUS Participated in Thailand Science and Technology
Fair 2007
During August 8 to 19, 2007, ICUS and RNUS participated in Thailand
Science and Technology Fair 2007. Prof. Kimiro Meguro, Dr. Takeuchi
Wataru, Dr. Raktipong Sahamitmongkol, Dr. Kawin Worakanchana andMiss Aphisorn Suwannasuk under ICUS and RNUS as representatives fromthe University of Tokyo (UT) exhibited the latest in-house technology for
urban safety mainly focused on a new proposal for earthquake disaster
reduction using a touch screen workstation system and non-destructive
testing for detecting void inside concrete using an infrared camera. During
the exhibition, our booth was warmly welcomed by many Thai people. It
was also a great honor for us that HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn
visited our booth and listened to the presentation from Prof. Meguro and Dr.
Worakanchana on August 10, the official opening ceremony day. The total
number of participants during the whole period of the exhibition was
estimated as over 1 million.

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Figure 5: Dr. Raktipong, Dr. Takeuchi, Prof. Meguro and Dr. Kawin(from left to right) during the official opening ceremony

Figure 6: Participants visited UT booth
1.4 RNUS and Geoinformatic Center (GIC) Donated a Forest Fire
Monitoring System with Remote Sensing to GISTDA in Thailand
On September 12, 2007, Dr. Wataru Takeuchi and Dr. Vivarad Phonekeo
from (GIC) at AIT visited Dr. Chaowalit Silapathong from Geo-Informatics
and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) of Thailand to
install and donate a MODIS-based hotspot information detection anddistribution system. This system was developed by Prof. Yasuoka and Dr.
Takeuchi research group. It has been designed to monitor hotspot
information such as forest fires, volcanic activities and field burning twice a
day from the space with remote sensing technique. Satellite images used inthis study are an archive of MODIS data received from satellite receivers at
IIS in Tokyo and AIT in Bangkok. The stations of these receivers are in theSoutheast and East Asia Satellite Observation Network (SEASON) which isdesigned to monitor both environmental and disaster phenomena such as

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forest fires, floods, heat island issues, vegetation health, sea surface
temperature, atmospheric pollution and so on, over the Asian region withthe continental scale in a near-real time fashion (http://webmodis.iis.utokyo.ac.jp/). This is conducted on behalf of a triangle memorandum of
understanding (MOU) among IIS, AIT and GISTDA. The programme issupported financially by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)under the research project “Solution Oriented Research for Science andTechnology (SORST)” initiated by Prof. Yoshifumi Yasuoka from October2005 – March 2007. This is expected to be the first step to strengthen therelationship among IIS, AIT and GISTDA to bridge science and technology.
Further efforts will also be made to explore more collaboration on
knowledge and technology transfer aspects.

Figure 7: Dr. Vivarad Phonekeo, Dr. Wataru Takeuchi, andDr.Chaowalit Silapathong (from left to right) are holding a MODIS-based
hotspot information detection and distribution system
1.5 ICUS Renewed Contract of RNUS with AITICUS and AIT agreed to renew Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) tocontinue their cooperating program in RNUS. The MOA objective is tocontinue reviewing and finding the new dimension in their cooperative
activities to reaffirm the strong commitment and determination to makethe urban environment safer. The contract signing ceremony between
ICUS Director, Prof. Kimiro Meguro and the Dean of SET, AIT, Prof.
Worsak Kanok-nukulchai, was held on 9th December 2007 during
USMCA2007 at the Sheraton Hotel, Dhaka. The ceremony was witnessedby ICUS members, Prof. Yoshifumi Yatsuoka, Prof. Hiroshi Yokota, Dr.
Reiko Kuwano, Dr. Ryozo Ooka, Dr. Yoshitaka Kato, Dr. Miho
Yoshimura Ohara, Dr. Paola Mayorca and Dr. Kawin Worakanchana, IIS
faculty member, Dr. Takeuchi Wataru and other participants in
USMCA2007.

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Since its establishment, RNUS, with the cooperation of AIT has
carried out many successful joint researches and projects in the areas ofurban safety and disaster management, sustainable engineering andinfrastructure information dynamic, for example, the Study on Applicationof Fly Ash as Concrete Ingredient in Thailand & Japan in 2005, Evaluationof Water Use in Irrigated Paddy Fields in Eastern Part of Thailand Using
Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data in 2005, Urban Flood Inundation
Modeling in the Mekong River Basin Using a Physically Based SurfaceRiver Model in 2003, and so on.

Figure 8: Contract signing between Prof. Kimiro Meguro, ICUS
and Prof. Worsak Kanok-Nukulchai, SET, AIT

Figure 9: Group photo after signing ceremony
1.6 RNUS, GIC and Kyoto University Corporate
for Carrying Out a Field Survey in Thailand
On October 13, 2007 and January 10, 2008, Dr. Wataru Takeuchi, Dr.
Kawin Worakanchana, Dr. Junichi Susaki from Kyoto University, a former
member of ICUS, and Mr. Yusuke Matsumura, a graduate student of the UT

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northeast of Bangkok, Thailand. This field survey, mainly led by Dr. Susaki,
was conducted to install soil moisture and temperature probes. The datafrom these instruments were used as a validation data along with anestimation of soil moisture using active microwave satellite data for the
mitigation of drought impact. At the beginning, probes were installed at 5
sites in flooded paddy elds in Buriram. However, some of them weredamaged by water intrusion and human activities. As a result, only datafrom two sites are usable with the help of the farmers to keep the loggers
and probes in a good condition.
The purposes of this trip are summarized as follows:
1. Calibration of soil moisture probes
2. Collection of soil samples
3. Deployment of a new steel shelf for the prevention of logger

Figure 10: Dr. Kawin Worakanchana, Dr. Junichi Susaki
and Dr. Wataru Takeuchi (from left to right) at the RNUS office

Figure 11: Setting up a soil moisture and land surface temperature sensors
and data logger on the ground in a rice paddy field in Buriram, Thailand
The data collected by this field survey is expected to improve theaccuracy of satellite-based soil moisture estimation studies.

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1.7 Seminar on “Toward a Partnership on Disaster Management
and Remote Sensing/GIS Technologies”
Recently, there has been an increase in the number of disasters around theworld, resulting in a tremendous amount of casualty and economic loss.
One of the causes is the increase in the world population and the complexityof social organizations without adequate sustainable development.
Concerned about these problems, researchers and scientists have developed
new technologies and techniques to help minimize these losses. Amongthem, remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) areconsidered one the most beneficial tools for disaster management.

Figure 12: Registration

Figure 13: Opening speech by Prof. Worsak, AIT

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Figure 14: Opening speech by Prof. Meguro, ICUS

Figure 15: Presentation by Dr. Pennung Warnitchai, AIT

Figure 16: Group photograph at the seminar room99June,
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Figure 17: Presentation by Prof. Tomonari Yashiro, IIS

Figure 18: Prof. Meguro delivering a gift to Prof. Yashiro
for his presentation
Remote sensing is the acquisition of information of an object or
phenomenon by using devices that are not in physical or intimate contact
with the object. Along with mathematical models, it enables a greater
understanding of where and when a particularly hazardous event is most
likely to occur and results in significant socioeconomic impact. Remotesensing combining with GIS techniques provides a basis for estimating andmapping risks and for planning evacuation routes and shelters. Moreover, italso provides a basis for determining areas where human population is most
likely to have effects after a disaster and for distributing resources during
the recovery process, among many other vital tasks. This information isessential for the decision supported system used by policy makers,
emergency managers, and responders from international organizations to the
local authority.

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Although there is rapid technology development in these fields, there
is still a large gap between the modern technology and practical usage. Oneof the reasons is that there is a lack of communication between remotesensing/ GIS and disaster management specialists, which results ininadequate cooperation. Recognizing the problem, we organized a seminaron the topic “Toward a Partnership on Disaster Management and Remotesensing/GIS Technologies” at AIT Center on February 8, 2008 with threemain objectives which were:
1. To create a friendly atmosphere for remote sensing/ GIS anddisaster managing specialists to exchange their opinion, point ofviews and information
2. To assess the value of geospatial data and tools in disasterplanning and disaster responses
3. To identify the mission-critical data requirement for effective
decision-making
During the seminar, the total ten speakers made presentations. There
are total ninety participants which most were from Thai governmentorganization. The seminar was inaugurated by Dr. Wataru Takeuchi(RNUS), and followed by the welcoming address of Prof. Worsak KanokNukulchai, Dean of SET. The opening speech was made by Prof. Kimiro
Meguro, Director of ICUS. The list of speakers consisted of-Prof. Kimiro Meguro (IIS, AIT)
Dr. Pennung Warnitchai (Department of Structural Engineering,
SET, AIT)Mr. Siri Akaakara (National Park, Wildlife and Plant
Conservation Department)
Mrs. Praneet Disariyakul (GISTDA)
Dr. Manzul K Hazarika (GIC, AIT)
Dr. Masahiko Honzawa (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
JAXA)
Dr. Warakorn Mairaing (Civil Engineering, Kasetsart
University)
Dr. Sutat Weesakul (Department of Water Engineering andManagement Program, SET, AIT)Prof. Tomonari Yashiro (IIS, UT) and
Dr. Shinji Tanaka (IIS, UT)

All presentations can be found in the Appendix.
1.8 RNUS Participated in Mini-Project and Workshop
on Application of Remote Sensing and GIS
On September 17-19, 2007, Dr. Takeuchi was invited to give a lecture on“Remote Sensing of Fires, Principles and Its Operational Use” andparticipated in the group discussion during the Mini-project and Workshop
on Application of Remote Sensing and GIS held by GIC, AIT. The
participants in this mini-project came from many countries in Asia:

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Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines,
Srilanka and Vietnam. RNUS had a chance to contact several participants
for establishing good relations and exchange information for the future
corporation research.

Figure 19: Dr. Takeuchi giving his presentation
1.9 Site and Interview Survey for Sustainable Tsunami Disaster
Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean Project in Phuket
Prof. Kimiro Meguro led a team joined by Dr. Masanori Takashima fromFuji Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan and Dr. Kawin Worakanchana tocollect data by site survey and interviewing people for the Sustainable
Tsunami Disaster Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean Region Project on
February 9-10, 2008. During this trip, the research team visited Mr. Chairat
Sukban, the Deputy Mayor of Pathong Municipality, Ms. Praulai Nootmorn,
Director of the Andaman Sea Fisheries Research and Development Center,
Ms. Suwalai Pinpradab, Director of the Tourism Authority of Thailand andMr. Chotnarin Kerdsom, Head of the Phuket Disaster and Prevention and
Mitigation Office.
1.10 Short Seminar on Transportation at Chulalongkorn University
A half day seminar focusing on transportation research was held on March
25, 2008 at Chulalongkorn University. The seminar was started by awelcome address and opening speech of Dr. Tanit Tongthong, Head of the
Civil Engineering Department, Chulalongkorn University. Two lectures
were presented during this seminar consisting of "Urban Railway Network
Planning in Tokyo" by Dr. Hironori Kato (UT) and "Feasibility Study of
Peak-hour Road Shoulder Usage in Urbanized Motorways" by Dr. Shinji
Tanaka (RNUS, UT). The seminar was closed with a speech of Dr. Kasem
Choocharukul.

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2. RNUS PROJECT - SEISMIC HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY
MAPPING OF DHAKA, CHITTAGONG & SYLHET CITYCORPORATION AREAS
2.1 Project Background
Bangladesh is susceptible to damaging earthquakes. Although, recently,
there is no major earthquake occurred in Bangladesh or within its
neighborhood, there have been several significant earthquake events
recorded in Bangladesh in the past few hundred years. According to thedata from Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program, Bangladesh lies in aregion with low to high seismic hazard that increases in the northern andeastern parts of the country. Historically, earthquakes in the M6.0-7.0 range
were experienced in Khulna and Rajshahi divisions while events may result
in severe damage and destruction of massive proportion with severe
consequences for the entire country. These urban centers are fast growing
and influence the economic development to the whole country. It is,therefore, essential to have a realistic understanding of the nature, severity
and consequences of likely damage/loss that a possible event could cause in
the urban centers since a strong earthquake affecting major urban centers
may result in damage and destruction of massive proportions and may havedisastrous consequences for the entire nation.
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) of theGovernment of Bangladesh recognizes the important of the growing urban
vulnerability to earthquakes caused by increasing population density andunplanned development. Therefore, CDMP proposed this project under thecooperation agreement which funded by European Commission (EC) andUNDP.
In order to accomplish this project, CDMP has proposed threeassignments with EC financial assistance and allocated the responsibility to
the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) for implementation of theassignment in three key areas. Within this, a key assignment is the
preparation of seismic hazard and vulnerability mapping of Dhaka,
Chittagong and Sylhet City Corporation areas. To deal with this project, theinternational consulting team has been set up of several partners including
ADPC, RNUS/AIT, OYO International Corporation (OIC), National
Society for Earthquake Technology (NSET)-Nepal, Univ. of Dhaka,
Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Shahjalal Universityof Engineering and Technology.
2.2 Overall Objectives
This project will deal with the following works:
1. Prepare regional and local geological fault maps
2. Prepare engineering geological maps for three cities (Dhaka,
Chittagong and Sylhet City Corporations) including the areas under
future expansion.

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3. Prepare seismic hazard maps for three cities by providing seismic,
geological and ground conditions.
4. Prepare seismic vulnerability and risk maps for three cities by
providing information on vulnerability and risk conditions of criticalinfrastructure.
2.3 Scope
The overall project will cover the following activities:
Activity Cluster 1: Seismic Hazard Assessment
Task 1.1 Seismic hazard assessment methodology
Task 1.2 Seismic hazard analysis
Task 1.3 Compilation of data and maps for seismic hazard
Task 1.4 Seismic hazard assessment report preparation
Task 1.5 GIS mapping and database preparation for seismic hazard
Task 1.6 Design of future hazard assessment & information
dissemination system
Activity Cluster 2: Vulnerability Assessment
Task 2.1 Vulnerability assessment methodology
Task 2.2 Compilation of inventory of element at risk
Task 2.3 Compilation of data and maps for seismic hazard
Task 2.4 Seismic hazard assessment report preparation
Task 2.5 GIS mapping, database preparation for seismic hazard
Task 2.6 Design of future hazard assessment & information
dissemination system
Activity Cluster 3: Risk Assessment
Task 3.1 Earthquake risk modeling methodology
Task 3.2 Earthquake scenario development and scenario study
Task 3.3 Risk and impact assessment, loss estimation anddevelopment of composite risk maps
Task 3.4 Loss Estimation study report for the city corporation areas
Task 3.5 Design of future risk assessment and information
dissemination system
Task 3.6 Presentation
In this project, as RNUS/AIT is responsible organization for Activity
Clusters 2 and 3: Vulnerability and Risk Assessment.
2.4 Preliminary visit to Dhaka during 15 -22 March, 2008
2.4.1 Background
An AIT team consisted of Mr. Chaiyapat Suesuttajit, Mr.Matrin Suthasit(researcher and doctoral student) and the editor departed from AIT to visit
Dhaka from 15 to 22 March 2008. The AIT/RNUS team joined Dr. Anisur

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Rahman, Mr. Amin Budiarjo (GIS specialist), Dr.Dicky Muslim (project
manager), Miss Sharany Haque, Mr. Md. Nurul Alam (local structural
engineers) from ADPC in Dhaka and Mr. Ramesh Guragain from NSET.
The purpose of this visit was to develop a survey method for seismic
damage assessment which consisted of developing the survey method itself
and developing structural and occupancy type classification. Moreover, theAIT/RNUS team also had a chance to investigate the available inventory
data and structures in the Dhaka City Corporation.
2.4.2 Developing of Structural Type Classification
The general idea to develop the structural type classification is to provide anability to differentiate between buildings with substantially different damage
and loss characteristics. Buildings usually behave differently due to thetype of structural systems they have (i.e. masonry, concrete or steel), thecodes to which they were designed, their heights, shapes or footprints, andlocal construction practices. Original HAZUS has classified the building
into 38 types according to structural materials, structural types and heights.
However, this classification cannot be directly used for Dhaka due to thedifference in construction practice of Bangladesh and the United State. In
this project, the classification must be modified to follow the Bangladesh
practice of construction. The project team has carried out building surveys,
reviews of Bangladesh National Building Codes and interview several
engineers from Bangladesh to get a information of Bangladesh practice ofconstruction. We found that Dhaka City Corporation consists of a relatively
large number of non-engineering buildings which have not been covered byoriginal HAZUS classification. Therefore, we decided to construct new
structural type classification according to our survey.
2.4.3 Development of Occupancy Type Classification
The occupancy classification can be related to the number of people during
the day and night and the replacement cost of each building which areneeded for calculating casualties and the economic loss. The procedure todevelop occupancy type classification was carried out in a similar manner tostructural type classification, i.e. we modified the original HAZUS
classification to fit with Bangladesh characteristics based on our additional
survey.
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2.4.4 Development of Survey Method for Seismic Damage Assessment
The building inventory data and fragility curve are necessary for carryingout the seismic vulnerability and risk assessment. Because building
inventory and fragility curve must be developed based on extensive building
data, in this project, the team carried out the building survey methods which
are separated into three levels to develop for these two items. Survey level
1 will be conducted mainly to obtain the inventory data while levels 2 and 3

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will be used to develop the fragility curve. The detailed description on thesurvey from all three levels is described below:
Level 1 survey
The level 1 survey was designed so that the survey can be conducted inrelatively short time and in a large number. In this survey level, the teamwill be able to investigate the building just by visual inspection and make aminimum number of contacts with building owners. The objectives of thislevel are:
1. To collect information on structural and occupancy type,
construction year and preliminary seismic vulnerability factor, i.e.
first soft/weak storey, heavy overhangs (Figure 20) and cantilever,shape of building in plan, shape in elevation, poundings possibility,
building in slope land, visible ground settlement and short columns.
2. To construct a mapping matrix to infer structural type fromoccupancy type database similar to Table 1. After investigating theavailable inventory data in Bangladesh, we found that the occupancy
type database is very complete in term of building number and detailof classification. It is also much more complete comparing tostructural type classification. Therefore, instead of conducting thecomplete survey for the structural type which requires a lot of
resource, we can infer the number of structure in each structural typebased on this mapping matrix.
Table 1: Example of mapping matrix showing structural typein occupancy class

Level 2 survey
The objective of level 2 survey is to determine the major vulnerability
factors for buildings in each classification. In addition to the level 1 survey,
more parameters relating seismic vulnerability such as torsional irregularityand diaphragm discontinuity will be collected in case of reinforced concretebuildings. The different set of data i.e. wall thickness, maximum
unsupported length of wall, initial corner separation, anchorage of wall tofloor, anchorage of roof with wall, wall to wall anchorage, bracing offlexible floor/roof, existence of gable wall, horizontal band, reinforcementin vertical post and defect will be collected for masonry structure. In thislevel, the survey team must contact the building owner to sketch thebuilding floor plan and measure the column geometry therefore the survey
time will be longer than the level 1 survey. This level of survey will coverabout 300-500 buildings in three cities.

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Figure 20: Soft storey and heavily overhanging structure in Dhaka
Level 3 survey
The level 3 survey will be carried out to develop or modify the fragility
curve. In this level, a number of nonlinear finite element analyses are
required to determine the seismic performance of structures in Bangladesh.
The finite element models will be constructed based on construction planand material information. Ferroscan and Schmidt hammer investigation will
be carried out for selected buildings to verify the quality of construction
plan in case the tools are available.
Because, the distribution of structural and occupancy types in Dhaka
City Corporation are different from ward to ward, GIS specialists, withextensive experience in Dhaka’s urban planning, will set the survey plan sothat each survey team can get the best representative data of buildings ineach area.





17
17

June,
April, 2008
2008

3. MASTER PLAN FOR EARTHQUAKES AND BUILDINGCOLLAPSE HAZARD PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
IN THAILAND (PHASE I)
3.1 Introduction and Project Background
Recently, it appears that large earthquakes tend to occur more frequently in
Thailand and its surrounding areas. The latest scientific study indicates thatthe potential earthquake can affect 61 from total 76 provinces in Thailand.
The Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DPM) under
Thailand’s Ministry of Interior as the major authority for developing andimplementing the plan for disaster related organizations has foreseen thepossible earthquake damage therefore it initiated the project ‘Master Planfor Earthquake and Building Collapse Hazard Prevention and Mitigation’(referred hereafter as the Master Plan) to provide the pro-active strategy for
mitigating and reducing the damage and the number of building collapse in
the future. The plan is also used as a supplement to the national disasterprevention and mitigation plan for broad range of Thailand’s organizations
which cover ministries, departments, district and local level government
units, private sections, foundations, non-profit and non-governmentorganizations to develop a sound and systematic earthquake disastermanaging system.
This project will mainly focus on three tasks below.
1. Developing national seismic risk maps
2. Developing microzonation maps by including liquefaction andlandslide effect
3. Developing statistical data to show the vulnerability of buildings
in each category.
3.2 Brief Methodology
The brief methodology is described as the following:
1. Developing national seismic risk map: Data regarding seismic
source and attenuation model will be collected and reviewed.
Base on this data, seismic source model will be developed andused for generating the probabilistic ground acceleration map.
2. Developing microzonation maps by including liquefaction andlandslide effects: The geological data will be collected. The soil
will be classified and interpreted for the site amplification ratio.
Also, the team will collect additional data relating to liquefaction
and landslide, for example, DEM and water table, and analyze
for possible damage from earthquake induced liquefaction andlandslide effect.

18
18

RNUS
Annual Report
Report 2007
2007
RNUS Annual

ICUS
Report 29
29
ICUS Report

3. Developing statistical data to show the vulnerability of buildings
and lifeline: RNUS/AIT will collect the available data fromprevious study, for example, buildings, population and its
contents, to develop the inventory database. The team will also
cover the critical lifeline data such as power system, telephone,bridge and so on.
Due to resource limitation, this project will cover the assessment on
only three provinces, which are Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Kanchanaburi.
Among them, Bangkok is selected as the representative city that may beaffected by long range earthquakes; Chiang Mai and Kanchanaburi are cities
that represent large and medium sized cities in the moderate seismicity area,
respectively.

19
19

APPENDIX : COLLECTION OF PRESENTATIONFROM RNUS SEMINAR 2008
Order of Presentations
My Ideas for Efficient Disaster Mitigation Strategies
Prof. Kimiro Meguro
Lesson Learned from Tsunami 2004
Assoc. Prof. Pennung Warnitchai
Forest Fire Control in Thailand
Mr. Siri Akaakara
GISTDA Activities and Services
Mrs. Praneet Disariyakul
Capacity Building Program on Applications of Remote Sensing and
GIS in Disasters
Dr. Manzul K. Hazarika
Sentinel Asia: Disaster Management Support in the Asia-Pacific Region
Dr. Masahiko Honzawa
Landslide Assessment and Warning: Case Study in Thailand
Assoc. Prof. Warakorn Mairaing
Flood Forecasting and its Application for Disaster Management
Dr. Sutat Weesakul
Link of Sustainable Forest and Safe Timber Houses by User Oriented
Data Integration
Prof. Tomonari Yashiro
Transportation Management in DisasterDr. Shinji Tanaka

21

My Ideas
for Efficient Disaster Mitigation Strategies
Prof. Kimiro Meguro
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN23

April, 2008

24

RNUS Annual Report 2007

ICUS Report 2925

April, 2008

26

RNUS Annual Report 2007

ICUS Report 2927

April, 2008

28

RNUS Annual Report 2007

ICUS Report 2929

April, 2008

30

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Lesson Learned from Tsunami 2004
Assoc. Prof. Pennung Warnitchai
School of Engineering and Technology
Asian Institute of Technology, THAILAND

31

32

Interior Structure of the Earth

Dr. Pennung Warnitchai
Asian Institute of Technology

LESSONS LEARNED FROM TSUNAMI 2004

Tectonic Map ofSouthEast Asia

Where do earthquakes occur ?

Indian Ocean

do
In

sia
ne

Press & Siever (1986)

Tectonic Plates

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Rupture Length:1200 kmMagnitude: 9.3

The 26 December
2004 Megathrust
Earthquake

Ishii et al., 2005
NatureThree basic stages of tsunami behavior:
generation, propagation and inundation

http://staff.aist.go.jp/kenji.satake/Sumatra-E.html

M = 8.9

M = 8.4

M = 7.2

M = 8.0

Slip zones of major previous earthquakes

Tsunami generation and propagation(Source: USGS)

Sea floor Uplift = 1 – 4 m

Average Slip = 15 m
( in the southern 400~600 kmof the rupture)

Rupture Length = 1200 km

Type: Subduction Earthquake

Magnitude: 9.3

Slip zones of major previous earthquakes

ICUS Report 29

33

34

A series of photos taken during the tsunami impact
in Kamala Beach, Phuket

http://staff.aist.go.jp/kenji.satake/Sumatra-E.html•Three tsunami waves at 9:54, 10:14, 10:54•Tsunami wave swept inland as a sheet of water

An international survey team—AIT, Chiba Univ., EDM/NIED (Japan),
JICA, MCEER (USA), GISTDA (Thailand), TMD (Thailand)

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Kamala Beach, Phuket

Hydrodynamic Pressure = 4 ~ 8 kN/m2

About 3 – 4 m/s

High Velocity Water

Kamala Beach, Phuket

Source: Dr. Shigeo Takahashi, Tsunami Research CenterPort and Airport Research Institute, Japan

Storm Wave

Source: Dr. Shigeo Takahashi, Tsunami Research CenterPort and Airport Research Institute, Japan

Storm Waves

Source: Dr. Shigeo Takahashi, Tsunami Research CenterPort and Airport Research Institute, Japan

Tsunami Wave (I)Source: Dr. Shigeo Takahashi, Tsunami Research CenterPort and Airport Research Institute, Japan

Destructive Tsunami Waves

ICUS Report 29

35

Maximum Water Level

Kamala Beach, Phuket

Source: Dr. Shigeo Takahashi, Tsunami Research CenterPort and Airport Research Institute, Japan

Maximum Water Level

Khao Lak, Phang-Nga

Source: Dr. Shigeo Takahashi, Tsunami Research CenterPort and Airport Research Institute, Japan

Tsunami Wave (III)

8

6

4

2

9

Phi Phi Don Is.

Phuket(south coast)

13
PhuketKrabi

13. Phi Phi Don Island

10
11
12

12. Karon Beach

4

6

8

10

Tsunami Height (m)2

Phuket(east coast)

11. Patong Beach

10. Kamala Beach

9. Khao Lak

8. Tab-Lamu Pier

7. Ban Bang Neing

Phang-Nga

Surat Thani

6. Kuk-Kak Beach

5. Phakarang Cape

4. Ban Bang Sak

3
4
5
6
7
8

2

1

3. Ban Nam Khem

2. Phra-Thong Island

1. Suk Somran

Measured by a Japanese team led by Prof. Matsutomi of Akita Univ.
and a Thai team led by Dr. Nakhorn Poovarodom, Thammasart Univ.

Tsunami Wave Height
Distribution

Tsunami Height (m)10

Phuket(west coast)

Khao Lak

Phra-Thong Island

RanongRanong

2
4
6
8
10

36
Tsunami Height (m)Tsunami Wave (II)April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

The breaking of infill walls reduced the hydrodynamic
pressure, and thus helped saving the structure.

Damaged Building in Phi Phi Don Island

Water velocity = 6 ~ 8 m/s
Hydrodynamic pressure = 20 – 30 kN/m2

Khao Lak Princess Resort

Scouring of road by highly turbulent
and strong current waves (Khao Lak)

Completely destroyed building in
Kuk-Kak Beach, Khao Lak

Khao Lak

Severe scouring of sand underneathbuilding spread footings (Kamala Beach)

Breaking of frame-infill masonry walls
by large hydrodynamic pressure
and/or impact of major floating debris

ICUS Report 29

37

38

Cars were rolled, pushed around, or thrown against
buildings and obstacles

Several buildings with spread footings were floated and displaced
from their original positions (Phi Phi Don Island)

A car on the roof of a building in Phakarang Cape, Khao Lak

Pieces of wood, furniture parts, refrigerators, metal roof
sheets, sand and mud

Tsunami waves carried with them a great amount of debris

Ban Bang Sak, Khao Lak

Many fishing boats were pushed from the shore
toward the land and crashed into buildings (Ban Nam Khem)

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Phra-thong Island, Phang-Nga

They are much more vulnerable than concrete buildings

Most wooden houses were completely destroyed by tsunami

A battleship was tossed on to the shore
In front of a naval base at Tap La-mu Pier in Phang-Nga

8

6

4

2

9

13
PhuketPhi Phi Don Is.

Krabi

Surat Thani

Phuket(south coast)

10
11
12

Phang-Nga

3
4
5
6
7
8

2

1

4

6

8

10

Tsunami Height (m)2

Phuket(east coast)

13. Phi Phi Don Island

12. Karon Beach

11. Patong Beach

10. Kamala Beach

9. Khao Lak

8. Tab-Lamu Pier

7. Ban Bang Neing

6. Kuk-Kak Beach

5. Phakarang Cape

4. Ban Bang Sak

3. Ban Nam Khem

2. Phra-Thong Island

Phra-thong Island, Phang-Nga

Measured by a Japanese team led by Prof. Matsutomi of Akita Univ.
and a Thai team led by Dr. Nakhorn Poovarodom, Thammasart Univ.

Tsunami Wave Height
Distribution

Tsunami Height (m)10

Phuket(west coast)

Khao Lak

Phra-Thong Island

Ranong2
4
6
8
10

1. Suk Somran

Tsunami Height (m)RanongWater Tank Tower, Phra-thong Island
Phang-Nga

Tsunami Tower, JapanAll fisherman houses in Phra-thong Island
were completely wiped out

ICUS Report 29

39

40

Reconstruction of Houses in Ranong

Ton Sai Bay

Loh Dalum Bay

Sand belt area in Phi Phi Don Island was attacked bytsunami waves from both sides

Patong Beach

Department of Mineral Resources

Tsunami Evacuation Map

Green Belt

Use for education ofresidents’ disaster
preparedness

Plot possible areas ofinundation and facilities toevacuate

HawaiiIslandTsunami Hazard(Evacuation) Map

Mangrove trees
absorb tsunami
wave energy

http://www.pdc.org/pdc/pub/Tsunami/HawaiiEvacMaps.htm

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

http://wcatwc.gov/tidehtml.htm

Tsunami Warning System

Source: Dr John Schneider, Geoscience Australia

Network of tide
stations+

Network ofseismologicalstations

Tsunamiwatching andwarning should
be international.

Numerical simulation of Tsunami inundation

Maximum
Inundation
Depth (m)

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in Japan

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• Land Cover (Surface Roughness)• Coastal Bathymetry• Topography,QWHUQDWLRQDO6HPLQDURQ7VXQDPLV%DQJNRN

Tsunamigenic earthquake zones

Required Data

Numerical simulation of Tsunami inundation

ICUS Report 29

41

42

Gulf of Thailand
Gulf of Thailand

Celebes Sea
Celebes Sea

Sulu Sea
Sulu Sea

Source: Dr. Charles McCreery

Broadband Seismic Stations contributing data to PTWC

Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean

Andaman Sea
Andaman Sea

South China Sea
South China Sea

Source: USGS

5.0 for the period 1976-2000, Southeast Asia – Indian Ocean

Threats: Distribution of epicenters of earthquakes greater than magnitude

End-to-end Multi-hazard EWS for SEA

Sea Level Observing Station

Monitoring Network

Regional Center

National Centers

At RiskEnd-to-end Early Warning System

Sea Level
(cm)

Time

Male, Maldives, 26 December 2004

Broadband seismograph station

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

End-to-end Multi-hazard EWS for SEA

Coco Island, Myanmar

Source: IOC/GLOSSCore network of about 300 tide gauge stations worldwide, over a fourth ofwhich regularly report high-frequency data in real-time

Site Survey for New Sea Level
Observing Station in Similan Island,
Thailand�Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS)

Radar Sensor

To be located in the AIT Campus, Thailand

Data Recorder

Sea Level Observing Station in
Tapao Noi Island near Phuket

Data Collection/Processing Center

Pressure Sensor

Staff Gauge

Satellite Transceiver

Seismic Sta.
Chiang Mai

Seismic Sta.
Songkhla

Sea Level Sta.
Similan Island

Sea Level Sta.
Sabang Is.

Sea Level Sta.
Nicobar Is.

Sea Level Sta.
Andaman Is.

GTSNational
CenterSea Level Sta.
Coco Is.

National
CenterSea Level
Observing Station

Regional
Center

ICUS Report 29

43

44

:DUQLQJ6LUHQ7RZHUDW3DWRQJ%HDFK3KXNHW

Deep Ocean Tsunamimeter developed by PMEL/NOAA (Bernard, 2001)

Regional Center

Install seismic
processing software(PTWC/Columbia Univ.)

Monitoring Network

Install/ upgrade seismic
Stations (GSN/FDSN)

Install sea level stations(IOC/GLOSS)

Establish GTS capability (WMO)

Acquire modeling software(PTWC/PMEL/Tohoku Univ.)

Hire and train
Personnel (PTWC)
Install 4 operational
computer platforms

At Risk

Establish GTS drop (WMO),
dedicated internet

Establish back-up
satellite link

End-to-end Early Warning System

National Centers

Source: PMEL, NOAA

Implementation plan
Agreement for countries
To contribute data

• zzzz• xxxx• yyyy2. YYYY
3. ZZZZ:• yyyy• zzzz

1. XXXX:• xxxxMaximum Wave Height Summary Plot

Sponsored by NOAA and USAID under the U.S.
Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Program

Coastal Tsunami Forecast Tests
November 15, 2006 Kuril

Page 75

Source: PMEL, NOAA

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Forest Fire Control in Thailand
Mr. Siri Akaakara
National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department
THAILAND

45

Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment

46(Total Forested Areas=17.2 m.ha or 107.5 m.rai)

53.46% of Total Forested
Areas

3. Scrub 0.54%

2. Dry Dipterocarp 31.25%

1. Mixed Deciduous 21.67%

Deciduous Forest

Fire Prone Areas

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 20071

Non-Forested Area

Low Risk : Tropical Rain

Moderate Risk : Hill Evergreen,
Dry Evergreen, Peat Swamp

High Risk : Dry Diptercarp,
Mixed Diciduous, Grassland,

Fire Risk Map

Dec, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May

ICUS Report 29

47

2

48

0

10,00020,00030,00040,00050,0001999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

during 1985-2007

From 145,493 fires����������������������������� 21.06 �������
������� 19.78 % ���������������������������
(������������������������ 106.45 �������)6. Unidentified causes 8 %5. Hunting 15 %4. Carelessness 16 %3. Incendiary fire 17 %2. Agriculture debris burning 18 %1. Gathering non-timber products 26 %1985 1986 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002��������������������������������������� �� 2523

4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 20073�������������
�����������������

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Centres

Coordinating

15 Forest
Fire

4 ForestFire
Training
Centres

1 Forest
Fire
Research
CentreForest Protection&Fire Control
OfficeForest Fire Control Division,- 64 Provincial
FFC Stations.
- 36 FFC SpecificUnits.
- 19 FFC Royal
Project.

16 Protected Area
Management Offices

National Park,Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department

4. Fire Suppression

3. Fire Detection

2. Fuel Management

1. Fire Prevention

ICUS Report 29

49

4

5
April, 2008

50

RNUS Annual Report 2007

To reduce chances and hazards
from fires

51

6

ICUS Report 29

7

www.dnp.go.th/forestfire/

April, 2008

52

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Conduct ground check to verify real fires and eliminate false
alarms. Working towards improving fire detection algolithm

By satellite : in collaborating with Univ. of Maryland USA who provides daily
hotspot informations through “Web Fire Mapper : Thailand”

The
Themostmostcostly,dangerous
costly,dangerousoperation
operation

The most costly,dangerous operation

53

8

ICUS Report 29

9
The most costly,dangerous operation

April, 2008

54

RNUS Annual Report 2007

55

10

ICUS Report 29

11

April, 2008

56

RNUS Annual Report 2007

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ICUS Report 29

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13

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Fire Prevention

No
Fire

Fire under control

Fire is detected

Fire Detection
And Report

Pre-Suppression

Forest Fire Management Plan
implementation

Suppression

analyze all information

Nature of Fire Problem Fire Statistics

Fuel Management

Area Description

Forest Fire
provide information on

Forest Fire Management Concept Map

Rehabilitation

Fire Behaviors������������
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59

14

ICUS Report 29

GISTDA Activities and Services
Mrs. Praneet Disariyakul
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
THAILAND61

62

OfficeOffice ofof
Geo-informatics
Geo-informatics

OfficeOffice ofof User
User
Services
Services andand BusinessBusiness
Development
Development
THEOS
THEOS
Project
Project

1

4

Institute
Institute ofof Space
Space
Knowledge
Knowledge
Development
Development

Earth
Earth
Observation
Observation
CenterCenterOfficeOffice ofof
OfficeOffice ofof Policy
Policy Satellite-Based
Satellite-Based Resources
Resources
Information
Information Technology
Technology
andInformationand Strategy
Strategy
Information Center
CenterandCommunications
and Communications

OfficeOffice ofof
Administration
Administration

Deputy Directors (3)Director

GISTDA Executive Board

Minister of Science and Technology

GISTDA’s Organization Structure

Bangkok, Thailand(Public Organization)

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency

User Services and Business Development Office

Praneet Ditsariyakul

GISTDA’’s Activities and Services
GISTDAGISTDA’s

To be the center of excellence in spacetechnology and geo-informatics throughnational and international cooperative
networks aiming at supporting sustainable
development of natural resources andenvironment, improvement of quality oflife and strengthening of national security.

GISTDA’s Vision• About GISTDA• Space Technology Development• Geoinformatics Development• EO Data Products and Services• International Cooperation• THEOS Program Status• Conclusions

Topics5

2

9 Meters

13 Meters

GISTDA’s Ground Station at Lad Krabang

10 Meters

Space Technology Development

informatics development of the country
as provided in the Royal Decree

5.6 Meters• Assumes responsibilities for space technology and geo-organization on November 2, 2000.

• GISTDAGISTDA waswas officially established as a public

operation since 1982. (under the National ResearchCouncil of Thailand )• Thailand Landsat Ground Receiving Station has been intechnology since 1971 in the NASA Earth Resources
Technology Satellite Programme (ERTS)• Thailand has been involved in earth observation satellite

About GISTDA

63

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

various sources (high, medium and low
resolution satellite data)• Application development with data fromserver) and satellite-based geoinformation.

• Establishment of web-based GIS (Map

GIS/Geoinformatics of the country in view ofdata sharing and exchange.

10

System” web-based geoinformation
providing system for operational uses of thegovernment agencies in the areas of disaster,natural resources management etc.

• Development of “Thailand Monitoringsource Web Map Server System, open accessfor public.

• Development of “Digital Thailand” : Open• Development of common standards for7

Geoinformatics Development

Operation Roomfootprint covering 17 countries in the region.

• Established ground receiving station in 1982 withSpace Technology Development (Cont.)

Geoinformatics Development

Reception Facility

Thailand GS Compound

11

8- Mosaic of Thailand from LANDSATLANDSAT-5 TM- Satellite Image Map- Provincial Map- 3D image map• Others : Marine Observation Data
• Master Reseller of QuickBird,
QuickBird, WorldViewsWorldViews-1 andTerraTerra-ASTER data in Thailand• ValueValue-added products :- paper prints• Standard products : - digital form in CDCD-ROM

EO Products (Optical & SAR)EO Data Products and Services

Future : - THEOS- Radarsat-2
912Satellite Data Archives :- Landsat, SPOT, MOS, JERS, IRS- Terra: MODIS (Cooperation with AIT of Univ. of Tokyo)- IKONOS- QuickBird

Current Status : - Landsat-5- Radarsat-1- SPOT-2, 4, 5
- ALOS

GISTDA’s Ground Receiving Station

Space Technology Development (Cont.)

ICUS Report 29

63

64

Mosaic of THAILAND

Image Map 1 : 50,000

Value Added Products

DigitalGlobe/GISTDA 2006

QuickBird Imagery

16

13

DigitalGlobe/GISTDA 2007

Image Map 1 : 250,000

Value Added
Products

World View-1 Imagery

1714• Consultancies : on case by case basis

GIS and GPS Training Courses areprovided annually• Capacity Building : 20 Remote Sensing,Technical Services

EO Data Products and Services

Radarsat-1 Imagery

18

15

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

S band antenna

X band antenna

Gyroscopes

Star tracker

Panchromatic telescope

Thermal radiator

Solar array

Multispectral camera

Launch Date: End 2007

Design Life Time: At least 522Years

GPS, Magnetic Torque, Sun Sensor

3-axis stabilized, Star Tracker, Gyro,

Orbit Determination:

Attitude Orbit Control andTT&C: S-band Link

Mission Data: X-band Link

On-board Memory: 51Gb

- Multi-spectral camera- Panchromatic telescope

Payload:Mean Local Time: 10.00 a.m.

Repeat Cycle: 26 days

Inclination: 98.7

Altitude: 822 km.

Orbit: Sun Synchronous

Mass: 750 kg.

THEOS Characteristics

19

0
400

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

500

600

Swath Width 22 km
Off viewing +50 degree

700

PAN
Resolution
2m
Spectral band P: 0.45-0.90 µm

THEOS Payload

20

800

900

1000

23

B4

B3

B2

B1

PAN

MS
15 m
Blue: 0.45-0.52 µm
Green: 0.53-0.60 µm
Red: 0.62 –0.69 µm
NIR: 0.77-0.90 µm
90 km+50 degree- USA, FRANCE, India, Canada, Japan
Republic of Korea, China, Russia, ASEANCountries.

• International Countries• International Organizations- UN-COPUOS ( UN-The Committee on thePeaceful Uses of Outer Space)- ESCAP-RESAP (Regional Space Application
Programme for Sustainable Development)- ASEAN – COST/SCOSA- GEO (Group on Earth Observation)- APRSAF, APSCOInternational Cooperation

International Cooperation

21

24

Thailand GS Visibility Circle

THEOS Global Orbits• Scheduled to be launched early 2008

• Development started in July 2004

national interests.

Theos

Satellite of Thailand designed to work for• The First Operational Earth Observation

THailand Earth Observation System(THEOS)

THEOS Program Status

ICUS Report 29

65

66

• International Business Development.

• Business Development in Thailand.

THEOS Business Development

Output Product: CD/DVD

Output Format: DIMAP (GeoTIFF)

28

25

Ortho Image - Geometric correction withDEM
Pansharpened image

Level 2B – Geometric correction with
Ground Control Points and Map Projection

Level 2A - Radiometric and Geometriccorrection with UTM projection

Level 1A - Radiometric correction

Products Available at Different levels

PAN and Multi-Spectral

THEOS Products

PublicPublicSector
SectorPrivatePrivateSector
SectorGovernment
Government
Sector
SectorPublicGood
PublicGood
PublicGood
Information
Information
Information

Public-Private
Public-PrivatePartnership
Partnership
Program
Programin
inThailand
Thailand

Program
THEOS
THEOSOperational
Operational
Application
ApplicationPrograms
Programs

THEOS Business Development In Thailand (Cont)

THEOS Control Center

29

26

Mission Operation Center

MOU

Government
Government
Departments
Department

THEOS
THEOS
Operational
OperationalData
DataApplication
Application
Program
ProgramPriority
Priority

GISTDAGISTDA

30

27

THEOS Control Ground Segment
is located in telecommunication
Gateway in Chonburi province.

THEOS Operational Data Program Priority

Satellite Control Center

THEOS Control Ground Segment

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Praneet Ditsariyakul : praneet@gistda.or.th
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency: GISTDA
196 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, THAILAND
Tel.+66(0)-2940-6345 Fax. +66(0)-2579-5618
http://www.gistda.or.th

THANK YOU

• Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum,
Sentinel Asia for Disaster Management.

• Distributors/Reseller

3432• International Charter for Disaster• International Ground Stations

31

THEOS Contribution to
International Community

THEOS Distribution Channel

33• As the operator of THEOS, GISTDA is
expecting that THEOS shall be able to enhance
EO technological capability of Thailand fornational development.

• As one of the centers with large archives ofmulti-sensor satellite data of the region,
GISTDA is ready to provide data available withreasonable price or at cost in case of disasters.

Conclusion

ICUS Report 29

67

Capacity Building Programon Applicationsof Remote Sensing and GIS in Disasters
Dr. Manzul K. Hazarika
Geoinformatics Center
Asian Institute of Technology, THAILAND

69

70
Phase-3: Workshop for data analysis and report writing at AIT (5-6 weeks ).

Phase-2: Fieldwork and local consultation (1 week)

Phase-1: Basic training and project planning at AIT (3 weeks)1) Flood
2) Volcano
3) Tsunami
4) Forest Fire
5) Mapping

2007-081) Flood
2) Drought3) Landslide: Bangladesh, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka: Philippines: Indonesia: Vietnam: Bhutan and Cambodia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Laos and Nepal: Philippines: Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam

2006-07

Duration of projects are generally for one year, but may be extended
depending on availability of funds and the significant of first year results.
Projects are executed in three phases:• Project should be on disasters or environmental problems related todisasters• There should be at least two national agencies to implement a project,
one of them could represent a mapping agency and other one a user
agency.

Capacity Building Projects

The objective of this program is to develop in-country capacity in applicationsof Remote Sensing and GIS in disaster and environment related issues in thedeveloping countries of the south and south-east Asian region.

Objective• Since 2006, this program has been recognized as part of JAXA’sSentinel Asia Project• JAXA provides necessary satellite data free of charge based on projectrequirements.

Program Execution

JAXA Sponsored Capacity
Building Activities• Being sponsored by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)• This capacity building program was started in 2004

Eligibility Criterions

Manzul Hazarika Ph.D.
Geoinformatics Center
Asian Institute of Technology
E-mail: manzul@ait.ac.th

Capacity Building Program on Applicationsof Remote Sensing and GIS in Disasters

Background and Objective

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

1

90020’ E

BANGLADESH MAP

26º36 ' - 27º10' N
85º50 ' - 86 º 31' E

Kamala River
Basin

Nepal: Flood Risk Assessment in Kamla
River Using Remote Sensing and GIS

89035’ E

23035’ N

24010’ N

Bangladesh: Flood Forecasting improvement using
Remote Sensing, GIS and Flood Model

Keng Done(d/s)

Donghen (u/s)

Sri Lanka: Flood Area Mapping in Lower
reach of Kelani River

Approximate length of the riverunder study 153 kms

Kengkok

Xe Champhone Area

Lon: 105˚ 10"- 107˚ 00 “Lat: 16˚ 10"- 17˚ 00“Laos: Flood Hazard Mapping in Xe
Champhone

Philippines: Lahar Hazard Mapping of Mayon
Volcano Using RS/GIS-Based Modeling Techniques

Myanmar: Flood Risk Assessment in
Ayeyarwaddy, Division, Yangoon

ICUS Report 29

71

2

72

U.S. Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS) Program

Under

Strengthening Capacity on multi-hazard Risk Assessment
in Tsunami affected Countries (SCRATCH)

Others – USAID Sponsored
Project

Cilacap, Central Java (7º 25’– 7º 40 S and 108º 30’– 109º 30’ E)

Indonesia: Integrating Numerical model with RS &GIS for Tsunami hazard assessment in Cilacap

Develop a cadre of professionals in four Tsunami
affected countries in application of Geoinformatics inmulti-hazard risk assessment.

• Regional, national, and local level interventions– Regional institutions strengthened for long-term
IOTWS support and sustainability– Combination of model actions at national levels with
regional replication of best practices– Partnerships and coordination• Catalytic impact– Tsunamis and other coastal hazards• Multi-hazard– Capacity building with targeted technology transfer

SCRATCH Project Goal

Cambodia: Using ALOS dataset for DEM generation,
Building extraction and Hydrological feature classification

US IOTWS Program Approach

Vietnam: Forest Fire Risk Zone Mapping byusing Remote sensing and GIS

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

3

Soil Salinity Map

INDIA
Risk Assessment of Multi Hazards along Indian CoastSRI LANKA
Tsunami hazard and damage Assessment

Tsunami Damage Assessment and Evacuation Planning

THAILANDINDONESIA
Geoinformation Technology for Damage Assessment andRecovery Planning in the Tsunami Affected Areas of NAD

Case Studies

After Tsunami

Damaged Paddy fields

560 m

1.12 km

4.2 km: 26-Dec-2004: Sumatra: 95.85 E, 3.32 N: 9.3 Mw
: 15 m: 500 km
: 150 km
: 345 deg.
: 15 deg.
: 90 deg.
: 20 km

Predicted Inundation for Sumatra sourceDatesourceLocation
EQ magnitude
Slip magnitudeFault length
Fault width
Strike
Dip
Rake
Depth

India: Tsunami Inundation Map by Modelling

Before Tsunami

Paddy fields

Indonesia: Damage Assessment &Recovery Planning

Inundation on Pan Image of Cuddalore

Inundation on LISS Image of Cuddalore

Carnicobar source with
Sumatra parameters - HYPOTHETICAL

Sumatra source - ACTUAL

Worst case scenario
comparison

Damaged Agricultural Lands

ICUS Report 29

73

4

74

ClearView License

ClearView License

IKONOS Pan-sharpening image of Galle area taken in March
2001, overlaid with damaged buildings (red colour)

Damaged Buildings from Field Survey

Ikonos Pansharpenning Image of
Quick Bird Multispectral Image of Galle City
Galle City area taken in March 2001, area taken in 26JAN2005, Resolution 2.4m
Resolution 1m©2005 DigitalGlobe©2005Space Imaging
LLC

Sri Lanka: Galle Area

Thailand: Evacuation planning in Phuket

Field Survey for Tsunami Run up

Panoramic view taken at the Minden Village

Inundation Map of Kamala Beach,PhuketQuick Bird Image of Kalutara area,
after first Tsunami wave, 26DEC2004.
GPS Position: 79.92499E, 6.666886N

Ground Truth Collection

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 20075

Geoinformatics Center organizes tailor-made training courses designed specificallyto meet client’s requirements. The course content, its timing and fees can be
determined through mutual agreement.

Community Based Disaster Risk Management – 2 Weeks

Disaster Risk Management for Professionals – 1 Week

Regional Training Course on Use of GIS and RS in Disaster Management – 2 Weeks

2008 (Planned)

to mangroves and other terrestrial forests and coastal zone resources – 2 Weeks

Applications of remote sensing and GIS in detecting and monitoring tsunami damage

Regional Training Course on Use of GIS and RS in Disaster Management – 2 Weeks

2007

Trainings Courses

DEM of Kamala Beach

4180000.741900041900000.7420000�

420000��

1.4 Kilometers421000421000�

422000422000�

423000423000877000878000879000880000S

N
E

� Shelter_location
Evacuation Time in Minutes
3
6
10
13
16
20
23
26
No DataW

Thank you for your kind attention

877000878000879000880000418000Evacuation Map of Kamala Beach , Phuket , Thailand

Evacuation Planning

Training Activities for Capacity
Building

ICUS Report 29

75

6

Sentinel Asia: Disaster Management Support
in the Asia-Pacific Region
Dr. Masahiko Honzawa
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JAPAN

77

78

3. Future Plan
Results of STEP1 / Concept of STEP2

2. Main Activities
Wildfire Monitoring / Flood Monitoring /Emergency Observation / Capacity Building

1. What’s “Sentinel Asia”?
Background / History / Concept / Framework

Contents

Masahiko Honzawa
Secretariat
Asia Branch of the Disaster Management Support Systems Office (DMSS),
Satellite Applications and Promotion Center (SAPC),
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)AIT Center, Bangkok, Thailand
February 8, 2008

RNUS Seminar
Toward a partnership on disaster management and remote sensing/GIS technologies

contributing toDisaster Management Support in the Asia-Pacific Region

Sentinel Asia

World : 53.4 Hundred Million

47.5 Hundred Million

�Victims

1251911
World : 2189116

�The Death Toll

World :125 Billion US$

55 Billion US$

�Economical Damage

World : 8319

3107

�Number of Disaster

57%

44%

37%

Asia

89%

Total number during 1975- 2005
quoted from ‘ADRC-Natural Disasters Data Book-2005’
originated in CRED-EMDAT, 2005

Natural Disaster Damages in Asia

http://dmss.tksc.jaxa.jp/sentinel/

Sentinel Asia
Web Site

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Communication Satellite
Applications
ISS

Concept of Sentinel Asia STEP1

establishing Disaster Management
Support System

Sentinel Asia Project

Earth
Observation

Working Groups

Space Education &Awareness

Established in 1993 after the Asia-Pacific International Space Year Conference (APIC) in 1992
Enhance the development of space programs in the Asia-Pacific region and promote regional
cooperation in the field of space technology and its applications.
[Participation] Space agencies, related governments, regional and international organizations,institutions responsible for applying space technology.
[Organizers] MEXT, JAXA and co-host organizations
� Past co-organizers: Government entities of Mongolia, Malaysia, The Republic of Korea,
Thailand, Australia, Indonesia

http://www.aprsaf.org/• Step-by-step approach䋺Sentinel Asia STEP1(2006-2007) is the 1st
Step as a pilot project• Voluntary initiative by participating organizations• To share disaster-related information obtained by space, remotesensing technology and ICT• Contribution from space community (APRSAF) to the disastermanagement in the Asia-Pacific region in cooperation withdisaster management community

Concept of Sentinel Asia STEP1• Nov 2007: APRSAF-14, Bangalore, India, STEP2 was agreed
to initiate• Oct 2006: Operations of Sentinel Asia commenced by opening
its Web site. JAXA also started to provide ALOS data andaccept ALOS observation requests.

• Feb 2006: Joint Project Team (JPT) was organized andimplementation of Sentinel Asia was initiated in the meeting in
Hanoi, Vietnam• Oct 2005: APRSAF-12, in Kitakyushu, Japan, approved theplan to initiate the pilot project.

• Oct 2004: APRSAF-11, Canberra, Australia, Sentinel Asia
project proposed and conceptualized

History

ICUS Report 29

79

80

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

No.

International
Organization

VietnamThailandSri Lanka

Singapore

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM)
Department of Water Resources(DWR)
Royal Forest Department(RFD)
National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department (DNP)
Royal Irrigation Department (RID)
Land Development Department(LDD)
Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
Ministry of Defense (MOD)Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)ASEAN-Secretariat
UNESCAPUNOOSA
International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes In East and South East
Asia (CCOP)
International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM) under the
auspices of UNESCO

Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

53
54
55
56

59

58

57

Ministry of Disaster Management (MDM)

Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA)

39

40

Survey Department (SD)

38

37

36

35

Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), National Universityof Singapore

Survey Department (SD)

Office of Civil Defense, National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)
Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM)
Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB)
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA)
Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology Research andDevelopment (PCASTRD)
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

29

30
31
32
33

34

Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention (DWIDP)

28

Nepal

Organization

JPT Member (2/2)** Asian Disaster
Reduction Center

No.

Philippines

International Cooperation

UN / ESCAP UN / OOSAASEAN AIT etc.

International Community

Data
ProviderNodes

Local Service
Provider Nodes(User Nodes)

ResearchandTraining
Nodes

Utilization (User)

Disaster Information

Content

ADRC**

Member Countries

Join Project Team consists of total 59 organizations
including 51 agencies from 20 countries and 8international organizations as of September 2007 Disaster Reduction Community

Joint Project Team (JPT)

Sentinel Asia

Country

Digital Map
Social / Economic Data
Satellite Image

Content

Web-GIS
Data / Meta Data Management

Information Sharing Platform

Digital Asia

Digital Earth / Web-GIS
Community* Asian-Pacific Regional* AsianDisasterSpace
AgencyForum
Reduction Center

Capacity Building

Promotion of Utilization

Satellite Image

Content

APRSAF*

Space Community

Framework of Sentinel Asia STEP1

MyanmarMongolia

Malaysia

Lao P.D.R.

Korea

Japan

Indonesia

India

China

Cambodia

Brunei

BhutanMinistry of Home & Cultural Affairs (MFCA)

Data
ProviderNodes

Local Service
Provider Nodes(User Nodes)

ADRC Member Countries

Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMD)
Relief and Resettlement Department (RRD)

27

National Remote Sensing Center of Mongolia (NRSC)

Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES)

National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), Ministry of Labor and Social
WelfareWater Resources and Environment Administration (WREA), Prime Minister Office
National Security Division (NSD), Prime Minister's Department

26

25

24

22
23

21

Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Infrastructure Development Institute (IDI), Japan (IFNet)
Hokkaido University

17
18
19
20

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
National Coordinating Board for Disaster Management (BAKORNAS PBP)
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)
Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB)
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (UNJANI)
Keio University

12
13
14
15
16

National Disaster Reduction Center of China (NDRCC)
Beijing Normal University (BNU)

911

Geography Department (GD), Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning andConstruction

8

Survey Department (SD), Ministry of Development

107Department of Survey and Land Records (DSLR)

Bangladesh Space Research and remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO)

65CSIRO Office of Space Science and Applications (COSSA)
Geoscience Australia (GA)
Australian Bureau of Meteorogy (ABM)

Organization

4

1
2
3

Australia

Bangladesh

No.

Country

ResearchandTraining
Nodes㶎Implement Various Projects in cooperation with UN/ISDR, UN/OCHA, UNESCO,UNU, WMO, UN/ESCAP, etc.

Pakistan㪉㪌 Member Countries, 㪌 Advisor Countries, 㪈 Observer

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

No.

JPT Member (1/2)

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Web-GIS

External
Information

Main Activities

Internal Core
Data Base

Overlay

Display

Retrieval

Metadata
management

Database

Interoperable
Data Services

Capacity building for utilization of satellite images for disaster management

Flood monitoring by TRMM and AMSER-E

Wildfire monitoring by MODIS and others

䋨OGC WMS/WCS/WFS)

External Distributed
Database

䋨OGC WMS/WCS/WFS)

ISRO
External Distributed
Database

䋨OGC WMS/WCS/WFS)

JAXA
External Distributed

Emergency observation in case of major disasters by ALOS and others
based on observation requests from ADRC members and JPT members

User

Data Processing

User Interface

Digital Earth Server

Keio University

Internet
Web-GIS
Dispersed Data Servers

Digital Asia

Support㪡㪘㪯㪘㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪙㫉㪸㫅㪺㪿 㩿㪙㪸㫅㪾㫂㫆㫂㪀SupportDisasterOccurrence

Dig
ita
l

Ca
me
ra

㪛㫀㫊㪸㫊㫋㪼㫉㩷㪤㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪘㪾㪼㫅㪺㫀㪼㫊㩷㫀㫅㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㫅㩷㪚㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㩷㪘㪛㪩㪚Feedback㪪㪼㫅㫋㫀㫅㪼㫃㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪮㪼㪹㩷㪪㫀㫋㪼

㪪㪧㪘㪚㪜㩷㪘㪞㪜㪥㪚㪰㪡㪘㪯㪘㪃㩷㪠㪪㪩㪦㩷㩷㪼㫋㪺㪅㪡㪘㪯㪘㪃㩷㪠㪪㪩㪦㩷㩷㪼㫋㪺㪅

s
ge
ma
cy
en geserg Imam
E on
OS atiAL serv
Ob

I
ive
ch
Ar

Emergency Observation
RequestDisaster Information

Emergency Observation
RequestALImag& D OS I
esisa magste es
r In
for
ma
tio
n

㪘㪛㪩㪚㩷㪤㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㫊㪡㪧㪫㩷㪤㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㫊

Flow of Emergency Observation in Sentinel Asia

3. Future Plan
Results of STEP1 / Concept of STEP2

2. Main Activities
Wildfire Monitoring / Flood Monitoring /Emergency Observation / Capacity Building

1. What’s “Sentinel Asia”?
Background / History / Concept / Framework

Contents

ICUS Report 29

81

82

ALOS/PALSAR Image around Da Nang City

• 14 requests /14 accepted• 5 flood/landslide,4 earthquake/landslide
2 cyclone
1 landslide, volcano eruption, snowstorm• 5 Indonesia
2 Bangladesh
1 Australia (for Solomon Islands), Nepal, Thailand,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Vietnam, India

Emergency Observation by ALOS

ALOS/PALSAR Image before (left) and during(right) Flood

Flood in Vietnam in October-November 2007

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Land Cover Data and ALOS/PALSAR ImageMTSAT Image

SRTM/DEM and ALOS/PALSAR Image

Population and ALOS/PALSAR ImageICUS Report 29

83

84

MODIS Hotspots Data on GIS

Accumulated Precipitation Data

Main Activities
䊶Establishment and Improvement of Early Wildfire
Detection based on MODIS
䊶Development of Wildfire Expansion Forecasting䊶Serving Value-Added Information to Forest
Fire Control Agency

Wildfire map of Asia

Satellite observation network

Integration by Digital Asia Web-GIS interface(Keio Univ.)

Overlaid Image

Map

Base Location

Corps Location

Wildfire Location

MODIS Hotspots and SRTM/ DEM

CSIRO (Australia)

CRISP (Singapore)

AIT/Tokyo Univ. (Thailand)

Hokkaido Univ.䋨Japan)

Sentinel Asia MODIS Wildfire Monitoring

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

GFAS Precipitation Data on GIS

Operational Goal of Sentinel Asia Wild Fire Control
Initiative䊶Precipitation
Map

Users

Long-term Accumulated GFAS Precipitation dataand Land Cover data

DisasterManagement
Organizations
䊶Evacuation
䊶Rescue䊶Remediation

䊶Planning䊶Warning

䊶Monitoring of
Heavy Rainfall andFlood Inundation
Area䊶Precipitation andFlood Inundation
on Web GIS
䊶Flood Alert forSpecific River
Basins䊶Flood hazard (risk)map䊶Flood disasterdamage map- Social Economic Data
- Map Data

*GFAS : Global Flood Alert System (by IFNet)**IFAS : Integrated Flood Analysis System (by ICHARM)

䊶Damageevaluation
map

JAXA, ICHARM,
Dartmouth University...

ALOS, MODIS, AMSR-E....

Image
Analysis

Land
Observation
by Satellite
䊶Land
Image

䊶FloodInundation
Map

GFAS*, IFAS**...

TRMM, GPM, AMSR-E...

䊶Heavy Rainfall
Information
䊶Flood Forecasting
Information

Rainfall
Measurement
by Satellite
䊶Rainfall
Data

Integration
Sentinel
Asia

Processing
Downscalingin Time andSpace

Observation

Residents in
Flood-prone
Area

Flood
Detection&
Situation
Analysis

RainfallMonitoring&
Flood
ForecastingSentinel Asia Flood Monitoring

ICUS Report 29

85

86

• “1st Sentinel Asia system operation training” was held
successfully with 12 attendees at the end of August 2007 at
Bangkok by JAXA.
• “2nd Sentinel Asia system operation training” was held
successfully with 15 attendees at the end of November 2007 at
Bangkok by JAXA
• “Mini Project” is being carried out for 10 projects of 10
countries in 2007 by JAXA under cooperation with AITCapacity Building

MTSAT Imagery

3. Future Plan
Results of STEP1 / Concept of STEP2

2. Main Activities
Wildfire Monitoring / Flood Monitoring /Emergency Observation / Capacity Building

1. What’s “Sentinel Asia”?
Background / History / Concept / Framework

Contents

MTSAT Imagery and SRTM/ DEM

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Data Requirements

Observation
Observation Data
Data
Archived
Archived Data
Data
Local
Governmental
Organization

User Expansion

Governmental
Organization(ADRC
members)

Disaster Management Organization

Capacity Building,
Building, OutreachWebsite, Web-GIS

Disaster
Information
Sharing(for specific user)

Disaster
Information
Transmission

Participation ofvarious satellites<To Promote Utilization>
Observation
Utilization

Concept of Sentinel Asia SETP2

management organization)

NPO
Residents– There are narrow band areas where it is hard to see Web-GIS
information– More robust and user-friendly website system is required– Users request GeoTiff data (by Space agency or Institutes) andeasily comprehensible interpretations from images (by Disaster

Following findings are to be worked on at STEP2:– The website of Sentinel Asia has operated since October 2006. It
has served as a good demonstrator project, to share disasterrelated information obtained by several earth observation
satellites such as ALOS, IRS, MTSAT-1R, Terra & Aqua
– It also demonstrates recent advances in web-mapping
technologies and ICT systems

Sentinel Asia STEP1 has achieved its overall goals:

Results of STEP1

Tsunami㪝㫃㫆㫆㪻

Earthquake

Disaster

Wildfire

VolcanoPlatform

Observation DataInformationInformationArchived Datasharing

Observation System
High Speed
Communication

Narrow Band Problems

INTERNETWeb site
contents
Transmission
through WINDS

in the Asia-Pacific Region

Disaster Management Agencies

䋨䋱䋰Mbps䋭䋭155Mbps䋩
䋩
䋱䋰

WINDS

Application of WINDS for Sentinel Asia

STEP2 will start from 2008 succeeding and strengthening STEP1 :䊶Participation of Various Satellites
EO satellites: ALOS (JAXA), Terra & Aqua (NASA), IRS (I SRO),KOMPSAT-1(KARI), THEOS (GISTDA) etc.
Com satellites: WINDS (JAXA) etc.
䊶Accessibility to Information
Facilitate access to disaster-related information through various
means including satellite communication
䊶Variety of Providing Data
GeoTiff data/ Raw data (by Space agency or Institutes) and easily
comprehensible interpretations from images (by Disastermanagement organization)
䊶User Expansion
To expand users to local disaster authority in cooperation with
UNESCAP

Future Plan: Sentinel Asia STEP2

ICUS Report 29

87

88

Feed Back

End user

Disaster Authority

SAS Promotion

SOS!

New
AgencyISRO GISTDA

JAXAWorkshopAPRSAF

Community@ Bangkok

UNESCAP

Sentinel Asia business model

Asia-Pacific Region

Expansion stream of Sentinel Asia Utilizationin cooperation with UNESCAP

Please visit Sentinel Asia at
http://dmss.tksc.jaxa.jp/sentinel/

Thank you for your attention.

April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Landslide Assessment and Warning:
Case Study in Thailand
Assoc. Prof. Warakorn Mairaing
The Department of Civil Engineering
Kasetsart University, THAILAND

89

90

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Volcanic Eruptions.

• Systematic rescue and recovery processes after the dissater.

Because they are lacking of :• Basic knowledge leading to the effective warning system.
• Budget for prevention and mitigation.

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

MarkMark Malloch
Malloch Brown,
Brown, Administrator,
Administrator, United
United Nations
Nations Development
Development
Programme
Programme

The majority of these losses are concentrated in
the developed world and fail to adequately
capture the impact of the disaster on the poor
who often bear the greatest cost in terms of lives
and livelihoods, and rebuilding their shatteredcommunities and infrastructure. Today, 85
percent of the people exposed to earthquakes,
tropical cyclones, floods and droughts live incountries having either medium or low humandevelopment.

Who are suffering from natural
disasters?

Tsunamis•

Others••Windstorms•

Geophysical Disasters:

Forest fires•

Civil Engineering Department

Kasetsart University, Thailand

Earthquakes

Floods•Extrene temperatures•2.

Droughts/famines•

mairaing@yahoo.com

Avalanches/landslides

Hydrometeorological Disasters:•

1.

Classify natural disasters into two main groups.

•

Dr. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump

Natural Disasters
The Internation Emergency Disasters Database( EM-DAT)< 200 Cases> 360 Cases

MarkMark Malloch
Malloch Brown,
Brown, Administrator,
Administrator, United
United Nations
Nations Development
Development
Programme
Programme

Natural disasters exert an enormous toll on
development. Annual economic losses associatedwith such disasters averaged;
US$ 75.5 billion in the 1960s,
US$ 138.4 billion in the 1970s,
US$ 213.9 billion in the 1980s
US$ 659.9 billion in the 1990s.

Natural Disasters
Natural Factors
Human Factors

April, 2008

1

91

3

4
5

Popescu (1996)

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

Unstable

Slope cut

2

Slope Improvement

Decembermore than 2500 mm. per year

Average Annual Rainfall of

Hot and humid of tropical rainforest
in the southern part of Thailand.

in most part of Thailand

1000-2500 mm. per year

1

(Safe)

in Thailand

StableJuly

SEASONAL MONSOONS

Average Annual Rainfall of

STABILITY OF SLOPES CHANGE WITH TIME

3-5 y
3-5 y

-Drought-Landslides

30

40

1

1

3.17

8

Medium

4.76

3
4
GROUP OF ROCK

4.76

5

2

12

4

12

GROUP OF ROCK

3

31

Per unit area

5

23

NUMBER OF LANDSLIDE EVENT IN THAILAND

2

6.35

34.92

6

6

15

9.52

Very low

Group 1 Permo-Carb. granite
Group 2 Jurassic-Cretaceous granite
Group 3 Jurassic granite
Group 4 Volcanic and other plutonic rockSoralump (2006)
Group 5 Sandstone, shale, mudstone, conglomerate and chert
Group 6 Metamorphic rock

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0

10

20

non

small

High

Low

MediumNUMBER OF LANDSLIDE EVENT IN THAILAND

10-100

Large

Low

non
5000

small

Large

non
1-200

Large

Very largeLow

10-200

Large

High

10-200

Large

Severity
RatingPotential
Loss oflives

Area
Affected

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

1-2 y
5-10 y-Epidemics-Insect infestations

Biological

3-5 y>100 y-Earthquakes-Tsunami

Geophysical

3-5 y5-10 y-Floods-Storms

Hydro-meteorologicalFrequencyofOccurrence

PERCENTPERCENTDisaster types

Potential Natural Disasters in Thailand

ICUS Report 292������ 2549
�.������� �.���

��������� 2513
�.������� �.���������������

������ 2544
�.������ �.����� �.������

������� 2525
�����.��������
�.������

1970

1975

������� 2549
�.����� �.����

������� 2549
�.�������� �.����

������� 2549
�.����
�.��������

1965������� 2544
�.������� �.���������

������� 2543
�.������� �.���������

������� 2543
�.����� �.���������

������� 2549
�.������, �.��������

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�.�����, �.�����,�.������ �.���������

1960������� 2547

������ 2550
�.������� �.�����

������� 2548
�.�����������
�.����

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�.���������� �.��������

.

0.00
1955

10.00

������� 2549
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�.��������

Percent of Remaining Forest

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2540 – 2549

2510 - 2519
2520 - 2529
2530 - 2539

������ �.�.

������� 2549
�.���������
�.�������������

������ 2518
�.����������� �.�������������

��������� 2531
�.������� �.�������������

������� 2549
�.���� �.�������������

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�.����� �.�������������

������� 2549
�.������ �.��� �.����

������� 2547
�.������� �.��� �.����

������� 2549
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������ 2549
�.����������� �.��� �.����

������� 2544
�.������� �.������� �.����

Year

RNUS Annual Report 2007

0

0 000

0 00

0 000

0000

0 000

0 000

11

2

00

Suttisak Soralump (2007)

0

2

3

>1000 MBYear

Mae Khlong
Alluvium�����������������

Ayuthaya

Nakorn Prathom

Khamphang Sean District

Pathumtani

Suphanburi

Sakae Khang
Alluvium

EVIDENCES FROM OLD ALLUVIUM FANS

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

Frequency

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

�.�����
�.����
2550
Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research andDevelopment
Center, Kasetsart University������ 2547
�.������� �.�����
�.������

������ 2547
�.�������
�.����� �.������

������� 2549
�.������ �.��������� �.�����

������� 2549
�.����� �.����� �.������

������� 2549
�.�������

������ 2549
�.������ �.����� �.���

������� 2549
�.������ �.��������� �.�����

������� 2545,
������� 2547,
������� 2549
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�.��������, �.������
, �.��������, �.�����
�.�������� �.���

������� 2548,
������� 2549
�.��������
�.����������

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������� 2547
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������� 2547
������ 2549
�.��� �.���������

Sureeratna Lakanavichian(2001), Forest Policy andHistory in Thailand

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

1

1

1968 - 197221973 - 1977

60.00

Remaining Forest

1978 - 1982

3

300-500 MB

1983 - 1987

300-500 MB���������������������������� �����������������������

1988 - 1992

100-300 MB

1993 - 1997

4

1998 - 2002

92
2003 - 2006

The national logging ban in
Thailand was declared on January
17, 1989,in the form of Cabinet
Resolution (Order number 32/2532).

3,885,600,000.00

1,010,000,000.00

300,000,000.00

2,575,600,000.00

Economics

1970-2006

14

7

0

8

Suttisak Soralump (2007)

105,016,216.22

27,297,297.30

8,108,108.11

69,610,810.81

Economics

Average lost (37 year)
Lives

November 1988 Pipun, Nakorn Sri Thummarat

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

534

247

South
Total

1

286

Lives

Central

North

Area

April, 20083

93

August 1999 Kao-Kichakud, ChantaburiLandslideArea

Nam Chun

Nam KorVilleage

Affected
Area

VilleageLandslide and Debris Flow at Phetchabun

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

August 2001 Lumsak, Phetchabun

November 1988 Pipun, Nakorn Sri Thummarat

Phetchabum
Landslide andDebris Flow

August 1999 Kao-Kichakud, Chantaburi

ICUS Report 29

4

94

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Uttraradit City

Nam Ree119.12 sq.km.
Nam Tha26.02 sq.km.

0.5

16
0.0

17
7.9

18
0.0

19
14.5

20
120.4

21
263.7

22

�������� (�����)� , mm
21.4

23

����������������-������� �.���������

24
0.0

25
0.0

26
0.0

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University���������

�������

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

K

S

I

R

Lap Lae Dist.
63.70 sq.km.

Mae Phul
36.75 sq.km.

Pha Mub
58.60 sq.km.

May 2006

Uttraradit Landslide and Flash Flood

Geomorphological
MethodWeighted Factor
Index

GeotechnicalEngineering Method

Risk Analysis Method

Landslide Analysis Development

Landslide at Lap Lae District,
Uttraradit

April, 2008

5

WETNESSDRAINAGE

PAST
EVENTSINVENTORYTOPOGRAPHICTHERMALOGY
Regional
CLIMATEClimate

ELEVATIONGEOLOGY

Rainfall Analyses
RAINFALL
5 return

LANDUSE /LAND
COVER

LANDFORM (SLOPE)

RAINFALL

ROCK TYPE� � � ��

GROUNDWATER

SOIL DEPTH� � �

Department of Land Development (August, 2001)

95

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

2. Peak ground acceleration and duration

Dynamic 1. Rainfall Intensity and cumulative rainfall

Triggered Factors

6. Land use

5. Engineering soil properties-Strength reduction

4. Soil characteristics

3. Surface water

Static 2. Slope and elevation

1. Geologic structure and Rock type

Landslide Factors as GIS Layers

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

Weighting Factor Method

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

5. Soil Characteristic

4. Landuse

3. Annual Rainfall

2. Slope

1. Rock Type

5 Important Factors

by Weighted Factor Index

Hazard Map

�

ENGINEERING SOIL
PROPERTIESDr.
SuttisakResearchand Development
Center,University
��.��.��
���Soralump������ �����Geotechnical�� ���������������
���������������
���������
������Kasetsart����������������

2.1 GERD (KU)

2. Geotechnical

1.2 DLD(1995)
1.1 WICHAI
PSU

� � �
� �
� � �
�
�
1.3 FRC (KU)�� � � �1.4 DMR
� �
� �
� � �
1.5 Thassanapak (2001) � � �� � ��
1.6 GERD (KU)� � � � � � �
�

1. Weighting factor

Organization

Method/WATERSHEDFACTORS RELATED TO LANDSLIDE

Department of Mineral Resource ( 2001)

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

8.
8. FLOWFLOW DIRECTION
DIRECTION

7.
7. SLOPE
SLOPE

6.
6. WETNESSWETNESS5.
5. BRIGHTNESSBRIGHTNESS

4.
4. FLOWFLOW ACCUMULATIONACCUMULATION

3.
3. TM4TM4

2.
2. ADJUSTEDADJUSTED ASPECTASPECT1.
1. ELEVATIONELEVATION

8 Important Factors

by Weighted Factor Index

Hazard Map

ICUS Report 29

6

3

1

2. Landform
2.1 Slope (%)

2.2 Elevation (meter)

2

3

5

4

4. Soil characteristics

5. Land use and land cover

6. Rainfall intensity

7. Engineering soil properties(in term of parent rocks)

A. >70%B. 50-70%
C. 30-50%
D. 15-30%
E. 0-15%
A. >400 m
B. 300-400 m
C. 200-300 m
D. 100-200 m
E. 0-100 m
A. Area inside surface drainage zone
B. Area outside surface drainage zone
A. Gravel loam/Gravelly sand
B. SandC. Sandy loam
D. Clayey loam/loam
E. Clay, Mud
A. Agriculture area
B. Urban and built-up area
C. Other deforestation
D. Forest area
Return period 1
Return period 1,5,20,50,100 years
A. >203 mm.
>857 mm.
B. 161-203 mm. 651-827 mm.
C. 119-161 mm. 446-651 mm.
D. 77-119 mm.
240-446 mm.
E. 35-77 mm.
35-240 mm.
A. Weathered Sandstone/Siltstone
B. Weathered Granite RockC. Weathered Shale/Mudstone
D. Weathered Quartzite, Sandstone and Siltstone
E. Weathered Limestone/ Dolomite

5
4
3
2
1
5
4
3
2
1

5
4
3
2
1
5
4
3
2
1
4
1
5
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1

5
4
3
2
1
5
1

Rating(1-5)

RNUS Annual Report 2007
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0.9
0.8

1

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.4

0.9

0.8
0.9

0.4
0.3
0.3 5
c.
0.2
, ks
0.2 5
ss
0.15
stre
0.1
mal
Nor
1 0.05

0.8

0.9

0.75
0.5

1.5

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

0

0.3 0.4

0.8

0.9

TP-S02

0.5
0.6
Degre
0.7
e of sat
urate

1.5
1.25
1

0.25

0.5
0.6
0.7
Degre
e of sat
urate

0.4

0.8

0.9

1.5
1.25

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

0.5

0.8

0.9

1.5
1.25
1

0.25

0.5

0.75

0
0.4
0.3
0.3 5
c.
0.25
ks
ss,
0.2
stre
0.15
0.1
mal
Nor
1 0.05

KK-S02

0.6
0.7
Degre
e of sat
urate

0.4

0.5
0.25
0
0.4
0.3
0.3 5
c.
0.25
ks
ss,
0.2
stre
0.15
0.1
mal
Nor
1 0.05

KK-S01d, �al loa
Norm

1.5

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

0.75

1
1

1.5
1.25

� = �0+ a ln(S) + b�

0.5

0.75

0
0.4
0.3
0.3 5
c.
0.25
ks
ss,
0.2
0.15
stre
0.1
mal
Nor
1 0.05TP-S01

0
0.4
0.3
0.3 5
c.
0.25
ks
ss,
0.2
stre
0.15
0.1
mal
Nor
1 0.05

0.25

1

0.5
0.25

0.75

Degre
e of saturati
on,S

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

0.5
0.6
Degre
0.7
e of saturate

0.3 0.4

1.75
1.5

1

1.25

1.5
1.25

1.75

Z = Z0 + aln(X) + bY

NK-S020.5
0.6 .7Degre
0e of sat
urate

0.3

0.8

NK-S01

0.5
0.6
0.7
Degre
e of sat
urate

0.4

0
0.4
0.3
0.3 5
c.
0.2
, ks
ss
0.2 5
stre
0.15
0.1
mal
Nor
1 0.05

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Direct Shear Test

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

3-D Mohr-Coulomb’s Envelope for Unsaturated Soils

Dr. Suttisak Soralump Geotechnical Research and Development Center, Kasetsart University

2

3. Surface drainage

42

1.2 Lineament zone

Rating Value

Description

Shear shtress, ksc.
Shear stress, ksc.

A. Granite RockB. Shale/Mudstone
C. Sandstone/Siltstone
D. Quartzite, Sandstone and Siltstone
E. Limestone/Dolomite
A. Area inside lineament zone
B. Area outside lineament zone

Shear strength, �3

Shear shtress, ksc.

Shear stress, ksc.

Weight Value

Shear stress, ksc.
Shear stress, ksc.

5

Shear stress, ksc.
Shear stress, ksc.

Parameter Sub-parameter

Shear stress, ksc.
Shear stress, ksc.

Parameter

Shear stress, ksc.
Shear stress, ksc.

96

1. Geology
1.1 Rock TypeEngineering
MethodField Investigation

Decision Making
and Warning

Stability Analysis

Soil- Moisture
Relationship

Seepage Analysis

Hydrology and

April, 2008

7

97

0.0

0.2

0.4

% time

0.6

0.8

1.0

Patt ern 5

Patt ern 4_2

Patt ern 4_1

Patt ern 3

Patt ern 2

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Patt ern 1

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

% time0.6

Moisture Movement in Soil Slope

3.0

Rainfall Patterns and Soil Slope Model

rainfall, mm./day

Automatic Raingage Installation

rainfall, mm./day

Soil Mapping and Sampling

0.8

1.0
Pattern 2% Rainfall (3hr.)
0.00
0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.00
0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

% Rainfall (3hr.)

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.20

0.20

0.30

0.30

0.50

0.50

0.70

0.70

0.80

0.80

0.90 % tim e 1.00

0.90 % tim e 1.00

23 year rainfall records(Jan 1981-Dec.2003), No. of storms = 3,735

0.60

0.60

95% Degree ofsaturation

200 Year return period

100 Year return period

20 Year return period

95% Degree ofsaturation

95% Degree ofsaturation

5 Year return period

95% Degree ofsaturation

The 10th day

Pattern 2

0.40

Modelled

����Storm������Pattern

Pattern 1

0.40

Wetted Fronts after Rainfall at Various Return Periods

0.10

0.10

����������
Modelled
Storm Pattern

Rainfall Patterns

ICUS Report 29

8

RNUS Annual Report 2007

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

4

4

3

3

4

5

5

5

6
7
time ; month6
7time ; month6
7time ; month

Depth 3.00 m

Depth 2.20 m

8

8

8

9

Depth 3.40 m

Depth 1.00 m

9

9

10

10

10

11

11

11

12

Depth 1.40 m

1212c � h cos � tan � ��1 � m�� '�m�� sat � � w �� � ln(S ) tan �
h sin � cos � ��1 � m�� '�m� sat �

2

0

100

200

300

0
400 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

100
40
90 0

50

60

70

80

90

100

Depth 0.60 m

Depth 0.20 m

Generate map of F.S. distribution.

Calculation of factor of safety (F.S.) for
each raster.

Strength variation with water infiltrationfrom rainfall (unsaturated soil).

Input soil parameters from laboratory
test.

and

� .h sin � . cos �

�

tan�
tan�

F.S. �

� .h sin � . cos �c�� b tan�� sat tan�Saturated slope with parallel flow

F.S. �c� � c � �� � u � tan �� � c � � tan �

Dry slope

When

Infinite slope stability

Slope Stability Analyses with GIS System

Tensiometer Installation

Soil profile from field investigation.

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

F .S. �Average
Soil
SuctionandPercent
saturation% Srsuction ; kPa

98

rainfall ; mm

110

51.5
– 10
– 2.0

00.0
– 5– 1.5*

50 – 90

40
– 50
> 5.0

4.0– –405.0
30

3.0––30
4.0
20

10
2.0– –203.0

Factor of Safety
Factor Contour
Pixel
beforeof Safety
Slope
rain
map
after
(NaturalheavyW/C)
rain

to 1.5 has a potential of failure.

* Raster of Factor of Safety between 0

Pixel slope(Degree)
Factorof
SafetyKao-Kichakud, Chantaburi

by Geotechnical Engineering Method

Hazard Map

1 cm

Field Infiltration and
Runoff Monitoring

April, 2008999

FS=1.20
0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

18

20

22

24

28

30

32

34

Natural

Soaked36

Residual ()

26

38

40

42

��� ������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������������
�������� �������������������������������������

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

��.��.����������� ������� ��������������������������������������� ����������������������

-  ����������������������������������

Calibration of F.S. Map with Actual Landslides   

Landslide Locations from Remote Sensing

��.��.����������� ������� ��������������������������������������� ����������������������

��.��.����������� ������� ��������������������������������������� ����������������������

10

ICUS Report 29

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Daily Rainfall (mm.)

0.0

187.8

200.0

400.0

1.8

30.7

600.0

286.9

3-Day Accumulated Rainfall(mm.)

155.5
148.2
141
137.2
131.3
113.3
99.7
91.2
86.3
78.3
75 80.5
72 65.9
66.1
61.9
62.2
59.9
58.7
47.5
47.7
43.1
38.7
37.9
35.9
35.5 29
34.3
30.0
26.4
23.7
24.4 23.5
21.7
19.5
14.3
13.715.2 6
12.7
12.6
11.4
9.5
8.1
7.9 2.55.9
7.4
6.3
6.1
5.7
5.4
4.7
5.5
5.6
3
.3
2
2.4
1
.7
0.7
0.9
0.3
0
.2
000.6
0 0.0
.1
0.3 0.7 01.6
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
.6
0.0
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.00.8

181.9
164.0

219.8 217.9

283.3

447.8

800.0

2.4

150.7

1000.01200.0DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

500.0

Critical Rainfall Envelope(3-Days)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0

1.256
1.337 1.404

1.318

100

1.319

1.216

1.106

0.998

1.242

1.274

200

1.112
300

0.932

0.902

FailureF.S = 1.0����������, mm.

1.087 1.005 0.966

0.875

1.005

1.018
1.084

1.12

1.074

F.S = 1.2

400

500

Critical Rainfall Envelope for
Nam Kor,
Kor, Phetchabun(Lump, 1975)

600

1.576

Rainfall Affects Landslides in Hongkong��� � ������� � �� � �� � , mm/day

100

Critical Rainfall Envelopes

Critical rainfall Envelope

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.6
6.7
0.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.4
10.9
0.0

PattaniNarathiwat
RanongTrang
Satun
PhuketRajjaprabha Dam Sta.1
Rajjaprabha Dam Sta.2

Loud Speaker

Bang Lang Dam

13

2.0

1.7

2.1

0.0

23.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

80.4

24.1

0.7

0.0

14

3.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

23.7

0.4

47.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

35.5

30.0

99.7

0.1

15

11.3

0.0

0.0

0.2

15.2

0.0

0.0

1.7

2.3

0.0

59.9

0.6

80.5

0.6

16

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

11.4

0.7

0.6

0.0

0.0

5.5

0.0

17

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.0

4.7

12.7

0.0

2.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

6.5

1.8

5.3

3.3

5.4

0.1

0.0

37.9

61.9

5.6

0.0

0.4

0.0

0.0

18

������
19

75.5

3.5

2.3

5.7

43.1

47.7

0.0

91.2

86.3

62.2

26.4

7.4

0.0

0.0

20

246.5

6.1

5.8

6.3

113.3

75.0

0.1

217.9

155.5

148.2

137.2

6.1

0.9

0.0

Long term
Mitigation

After
DisasterDuringDuringDisasterDisaster

��
���
���
���
���
��� �

DisasterCooperation with the Others

0.0
30.5

0.0

Nakhon Si Thammarat

0.0

Surat Thani

66.8

0.0

0.0

ChumphonSongkhla

12

0.0

11

0.0

Province
Prachuap Khiri Khan

3.4

113.1

120.0

13.7

38.7

78.3

35.9

65.9

72.0

187.8

447.8

164.0

12.6

0.0

21

4.8

142.2

149.5

66.1

8.1

21.7

131.3

2.5

0.8

5.9

286.9

283.3

58.7

0.0

22

17.5

30.0

50.0

141.0

14.3

34.3

9.5

23.5

24.4

7.9

150.7

30.7

219.8

181.9

23

Rainfall Intensity during Southern Landslide on October 1988
24

0.0

0.7

1.6

29.0

0.3

0.7

1.6

6.0

0.3

0.6

2.4

1.8

0.0

19.5

11

April, 2008

101

DR. Warakorn Mairaing and Dr. Suttisak Soralump, GERD
Kasetsart University

12

ICUS Report 29

Flood Forecasting and its Application
for Disaster Management
Dr. Sutat Weesakul
School of Engineering and Technology
Asian Institute of Technology, THAILAND103

To study different types of floods for their forecasting
and management

Objective of Study

Different type of flood recently occur in Thailand.
Disseminate warning massage to local people will reduce
loss of life and provide information for people to adapt
themselves to flood

Background2006

Room B108, AIT Center

Friday, 8th February

Organized by Regional Network Officer for Urban Safety (RNUS)

Water Engineering and Management Program, School of Engineering andTechnology, AITand Watchara Sinlapasuwanchai

Sutat Weesakul, Supot Thammasittirong, Nguyen Quang Hung

Flood Forecasting and its Application for Disaster
Management

Seminar “Toward a Partnership on Disaster
Management and Remote Sensing/GIS
Technologies”(Uttaradit : 2006)

Flash Flood(Sukumvit Area : 2002 and 2003)

Urban Flood(Chao Phraya River Basin : 2006)

Regional Flood Scale

Damage Cost:

Flood Duration: 2 – 4 months

Aids: 6,737 million Baht (90% Agricultural Sector)

47 provinces
20,000 million Baht

Effect Area:

1. Flood in Chao Phraya River Basin

3)

2)

1)

Three Selected Floods

Source: GISTDA (15 Nov, 2006)

0
1-Aug

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

1-Aug

7,000
6,500
6,000
5,500
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0

11-Aug11-Aug

10-Sep

1978

Date

20-Sep1995

30-Sep2006

21-Aug

1975

20-Sep37

Date

10-Sep1995

Thachin River

31-Aug1978

20-Oct19 Oct.
30-OctPasak River

10-Oct30-Oct4,188 m3 /s

2006

Chao Phraya River

30-Sep2002

20-Oct

5,960 m3 /s

2549

10-OctDischarge at Chao Phraya Dam (C.13)

31-Aug

1975

Discharge at Nakorn Sawan (C.2)

21-Aug1942• Discharge at Nakorn Sawan

Discharge (cms)104
Discharge (cms)1

4/29/2008
April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Discharge (cms)

Water Level (m MSL.)

29

20

19

97

Chao Phraya River

28

31

96

104

Pasak River

5-Oct-06

Date

15-Oct-06

25-Oct-06

4-Nov-06

14-Nov-06

Date

25-Oct-06

4-Nov-06

14-Nov-06-2.0
15-Sep-06

15-Oct-06-1.5

5-Oct-06

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Date

15-Oct-06 25-Oct-06

4-Nov-06

C.13 (forcasted)

14-Nov-06 24-Nov-06

Forcasted
Discharge

Rama VI Dam (forcasted)

25-Sep-06

5-Oct-06

15-Oct-06

25-Oct-06

Date

4-Nov-06

14-Nov-06

24-Nov-06

Forecasted

Water Level at Pom Prachual (Chao Phraya River Month)

5-Oct-06

Rama VI Dam

Discharge Data for AIT River Network Model

C.13

015-Sep-06 25-Sep-06

1,000
500

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

Improved Forecasting on 16 Nov, 2006

-2.0
15-Sep-06

25-Sep-06

Forecasted Water Level
by Harmonic Analysis

Water Level at Pom Prachual (Chao Phraya River Month)25-Sep-06

Forcasted Discharge

Rama VI Dam (forcasted)Max. Discharge 4,200 cms(17 -18 Oct, 06)

C.13 (forcasted)Max. Discharge 759 cms(15 -17 Oct, 06)

Rama VI Dam

Discharge Data for AIT River Network Model

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0
15-Sep-06

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

C.13

Forecasting on 16 Oct, 2006

Boundary Condition for AIT River Network

Thachin River

15

23

22

27

26

18

21

16

24

25

32

105

16-Oct

5-Nov

BangBanBangSai

26-Sep6-OctBank. Ele. 2.84

16-OctDate

26-Oct1.00
16-Sep

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

26-Sep

6-Oct

Date

16-Oct26-OctBangBan (C.35 ), BangSai (C.29)

BangBan and BangSai, Ayuthaya

5-Nov

BangBan Obs.
BangBan Comp.
BangSai Obs.
BangSai Comp.

Singhant

Date

4.00
Singhanat Obs.
3.80
Singhanat Comp.
3.60
BangBuaThong Obs.
BangBuaThong Comp.
3.40
3.20
3.00
2.80
2.60
2.40
2.20
2.00
1.80
Normal Condition 1.60 m MSL. (BangBuaThong)
1.60
1.40
Normal Condition 1.20 m MSL. (Singhanat)
1.20
1.00
16-Sep6-Oct26-Oct
15-Nov
5-Dec
25-Dec14-JanSinghanat Reg., BangBuaThong Reg.

Singhanat Regulator, LadBualuang Ayuthaya
BangBuaThong Regulator, Nonthaburi

BangBuaThong

5-Nov

Memorial
BridgePathumthani

Pathumthani Obs.
Pathumthani Comp.
Memorial Bridge Obs.
Memorial Bridge Comp.

Network Model on 16 October 2006

26-Oct

3.60
3.40
3.20
3.00
2.80
2.60
2.40
2.20
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
16-SepPathumthani (C.55), Memorial Bridge (C.4)

Pathumthani and Memorial Bridge, Bangkok

Network Model on 16 October 2006

Result of Flood Forecasting using AIT River

Date

AngThong

Result of Flood Forecasting using AIT River

Network Model on 16 October 2006

6-Oct

Earth Dike failure at AngThong on 9 Oct,water level reduce 0.30 m

Singburi Obs.
Singburi Comp.
Angthong Obs.
Angthong Comp.

Singburi

Result of Flood Forecasting using AIT River

14.00
13.50
13.00
12.50
12.00
Bank Ele. 11.30
11.50
11.00
10.50
10.00
9.50
9.00
8.50
8.00
7.50
7.00
Bank Ele. 6.45
6.50
6.00
5.50
5.00
16-Sep26-SepSingburi (C.3), AngThong (C.7A)

Singburi and AngThong

Network Model on 16 October 2006

Result of Flood Forecasting using AIT River

Daily Max. Water Level(m MSL.)

Daily Max. Water Level(m MSL.)37

Discharge (cms)

Water Level (m MSL.)

Daily Max. Water Level(m MSL.)

Daily Maximum Water Level(m MSL.)2

4/29/2008

ICUS Report 29

105

106

บางไทร
BangSai

Nonthaburi

Bangkok

Daily Max. Water Level (m MSL.)

15-Oct20-Oct9 Nov.

3.17 m MSL.

1.0
15-Sep 20-Sep 25-Sep 30-Sep

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

Date

25-Oct 30-Oct

4-Nov

15/10

16/10

17/10

18/10

25/10

08/11

09/11

10/11

•

•

•

•

•

•

14/10

•

•

13/10

•

•

12/10

•

Date

2.20

2.23

2.16

2.21

2.20

2.10

1.99

2.00

2.00

2.01

1.96

1.98

1.99

Computed(m. MSL.)

2.15

2.17

1.94

1.87

1.87

1.90

1.84

1.91

2.00

Measured(m. MSL.)

+0.04

+0.02

+0.06

-0.07

+0.05

+0.13

+0.13

+1.01

+0.12

+0.07

-0.01

Diff.
(m)

9-Nov

14-Nov

2.65 m MSL.

10-Oct3.58 m MSL.
29 Oct.

9 Nov.
2.23 m MSL.

5-Oct

Memorial Bridge

29 Oct.

Pakkret, NontaburiComparison of Water Level at Memorial Bridge (C.4)

Pathumthani

Pathumthani

2.4

BangSai

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

BangLean, NakonPathom

Network Model on 16 October 2006

1975
1978
1980
1983
1995
1996
2002
2006

ปี พ.ศ.

16-Oct26-Oct

3,957
3,741
3,795
3,290
4,501
3,034
3,920
4,030

แม่นํ �าเจ้ าพระยา

800
1800
1002
986
1480
970
1216
759

แม่นํ �าป่ าสัก

11.69
11.59
11.85
11.84
12.55
12.31
12.98
13.15

5-Dec

7.05
7.23
7.46
7.73
8.28
8.33
8.55
8.99

อ่างทอง

Rama VI on
Pasak River

14-Jan 24-Jan

Ayuthaya Pakret
SingburiBangsaiAngthong

15-Dec 25-Dec

Fort
Chula

Memorail
Bridgeระดับนํ �า (ม. รทก.)พระนครศรี
บางไทร ปากเกร็ ด สะพานพุทธ ป้อมพระจุลฯ
อยุธยา
4.37
3.22
2.17
1.93
1.75
4.60
3.22
2.10
1.89
1.69
4.69
3.14
2.08
1.80
1.66
4.55
3.06
2.16
1.90
1.78
5.00
3.67
2.65
2.27
1.87
4.38
3.19
2.34
2.13
1.79
4.52
3.45
2.52
2.10
1.80
4.87
3.58
2.65
2.23
1.61

Chao Phraya River

Date

15-Nov 25-Nov

สิงห์บรุ ี

5-Nov

4-Jan

Bank. Ele. 1.40 (Mahasawad)Bank. Ele. 1.70 (BangLean)

1.0 m

1 m for 3-4 monthsเขือ� นพระราม 6อัตราการไหล ลบ.ม/ว

6-Oct

Flood Depth

0.60
16-Sep 26-Sep

0
0.80

1.00
0

1.20
0

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

BangLean and Mahasawad

BangLean

BangLean Comp.
Mahasawad Comp.

Result of Flood Forecasting using AIT River

The computed results show that water level is gradually
decreased because there are about 2,000 mcm of flood stillin Banglean area.

Dialy Max. Water Level (m MSL.)

4.0:

Flood Warning

forecasting result)flood information (fromEnough time to disseminate

1– 2 m2 - 4 months

Large(For personnel's management)• Information directly to people in the city

(Part of Decision Support System and Operation)• Provide technical flood information for decisionmaker

2. Forecasting in a City

- ………………………………………….

- Live with FloodManagement Approach : - Flood Fighting/Proofing

:

:

:

Flood Depth

Flood Time

Flood Area

Flood

3

4/29/2008
April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Gulf of Thailand

River

BangkokPrimary Drainage, 650 km2

River

Secondary Drainage, 24 km2

Chao Phraya RiverInteraction

Canals, Detention Ponds, Pumping Stations

Primary Drainage:

Interaction

Pipes, Manholes, Streets, Pumps

Secondary Drainage:

Database

FTP

Database

AIT

Diagram of database system

Local Station– High traffic

2.1 Existing Drainage System

Rain Gauge

Radio

Flood Control
CenterRain Data Transferring– Highly urbanized areabusiness area in town

– Most importantWhy ?

– Study Area 24 km2– Model: MOUSE– AIT and DHI, 2002 - 2003

� Sukumvit Area in Bangkok:

Run every 15 minutes

Real time hyetographs(61+50) Rain Gauges

AIT

Rain data in real time to AIT

4

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ICUS Report 29

107

108

Drainage network in Sukhumvit area

Flood risk maps in real time provides
information about locations to avoid

DEM (GIS)

Model
Concept

Flood Inundation Map

Results

Model of Urban
Flooding

DEM,
Flood cells,
A-E Curves.

Rainfall-Runoff, Street Network and Pipe Network

2.2 Model Development• There are totally 2,836 nodes and 3,136 links.

node.

each location such manholes along network is called

open channel. Connecting points is called link while• Drainage network is consist of pipe network andapproximately 12-75 %.

• There is 2,022 subcatchments. Impervious Area isusing MOUSE model.

• Urban drainage of Sukumvit area is formulated

Weir Relation to
exchange water

Street Width

Station 1

Station 4

Area

Link On
Link Off

Node On,
Node Off,

Layer1: Pipes

Layer2: Streets

Layer3: Terrain

Based on physical condition

Elev.

Location of Water Level and Rainfall Stations in Sukhumvit Area

Station 3

Station 2

Pipe Network +Street Network + Terrain Model

Station 5

terrain2-layer Flows routed dynamicallyFootpathstreet + terrain storages

Model Concept

5

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RNUS Annual Report 2007

Installation of Flow Measurement at Sukhumvit Area on
October 2003

0.0

1.0

2.0

16:00

4

0

4:00:00

15:00

13:00

20:00

21:00

23:00

Time

2.00

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

4:00

11.00

12:00

Time

16:00

10:00

11:00

9:00

8:00

7:00

6:00

5:00

5:00

4:00

22:00

0:00

12:00:00

12:00:00

4:00:00

16:00:00

20:00:00

00:00:00
04:00:00
15-10-2003

08:00:00

8:00:00

17:00

19:00

22:00

16:00:00

Computed

12:00:00

21:00

16:00:00

20:00

Observed

12:00:00

18:00

Calibration of Water Level at Station 2, Sukumvit
26 , 15 October 2003

08:00:00

0:00:00

RAINFALL
20:00:00

Time Series WATER LEVEL NODES

16:00:00

RMSE = 3.8 cm
EI= 0.662

8:00:00

Average rainfall at AIT over period of 1990 to 2005

04:00:00
14-10-2003

-0.45

-0.40

-0.35

-0.30

-0.25

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

16
[m]

12

(mm/hr) 8

14:00(m.MSL)

11:00

3.0

12:00

11.00

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

18.00

17:00

8.0

18:00

9.0

19:00

10.0

1:00

140.0

7:00

11.0

Accumulate rainfall (mm))
6:00

160.0

0:00
8:00

12.0

2:00

2:00
10:00

Average rainfall

3:00

3:00
11:00

Location of Measuring
Stations 1, 2 and 3

1:00
9:00

Accumulate rainfall over 16 yrs

13:00

180.0

14:00

Average rainfall (mm))

200.0

15:00

Rainfall Characteristics
0:00:00

03:00:00

3:00:00

06:00:00

6:00:00

09:00:00

12:00:00

15:00:00

RAINFALL
18:00:00

21:00:00

12:00:00

15:00:00

0:00:00

3:00:00

6:00:00

18:00:00

21:00:00

00:00:00
8-10-2002

03:00:00

06:00:00

Street Level = 0.59 mMSLTime Series WATER LEVEL NODES

9:00:00

� Measure :- ……………………………………………….

- Improve Drainage System- Live with flood- Flood Profiles

� Flood Time : 10 Hours

� Flood Depth : 0.4 m

� Rainfall Direction : 6 Hours

� Return Period : 10 Year

� Rainfall : 140 mm

Model Verification at Station 2, Sukumvit 26, 7 Oct , 2002

00:00:00
7-10-2002

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

[m]

0
10
20
(mm./hr) 30
40
50
60

6

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ICUS Report 29

109

23:00

0:00

110

:

Rit Basin

Scale

N
km

Watershed area
River
Pond

LegendLocation of Sub-basins

Mae Phrong
Basin

Li Basin: 825 + 924 + 142 = 1,891

4 + 0 + 24 = 28

Effect Families

Loss

Damaged Car at Huang Kam Bi, Sub-basin : Mae Phrong(30 June 2006)(Ampoe Tha Pla)

3) Li

Dead Tree at Huay Kam bi, Sub-basin : Mae Phrong(30 June 2006)

Flood depth is 1.4 m(Ampoe Muang)

2) RitFlood Depth~ 2 m(30 June 2006)

Uttaradit

Pho, Amphoe Muang,

Flood Mark at Khlong

Uttaradit

house, Anphoe Lop Lae,wth 0.15 mud in the

Khun Tongchan’s house

1) Mae Phrong (Ampoe Lab Lae)

Death : 27 + 23 + 29 = 79

Three Sub-basins :3. Flash Flood in Uttaradit on 22 – 25 May 2006

7

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RNUS Annual Report 2007

Ground Level

3-4 hourTime

Bank Erosion at Khlong Pho, Nan River(30 June 2006)

Irrigation Project, Amphoe Muang

Recored Water Level at Office of Uttaradit

Maximum
Recorded
Water Level

Water Level from
Ground (cm)� Damage:- Infrastructures Damageof river morhology- People in rural and urban are change� High Flood Depth : ~ 2 m with Mud Flow

� Short Time Flood Occurrance : 4 hr at Amphoe Muang

Bank Erosion at Huay Nam Li Sub-basin,
Bridge Damage only box culvert

+750

Li

Li

Rit

Mae Phrong

121

246

330

Max oneday Rainfall
(m)m

+555

Rit

Sub-basin+660

1:30 to
1:300

1:20 to
1:360

1:17 to
1:375

Average
Slope

172

206

452

Source : Irrigation Regional Office 3

-

428

375

Accumulated
5 daysRainfall (mm)Source : Irrigation Regional Office 3

50

35

30

StreamLength(km)

ReturnPeriod(year)

+150

+60

+60

HighestLowestElevation Elevation(m MSL) (m MSL)

Mae Phrong

Sub-basin

8

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ICUS Report 29

111

112

�Radar� Rainfall Gauge (Field Measurement – TMD- Rainfall Data

- Mathematical model•Rainfall forecasting Using Radar Image• Problem is Using Radar in Hydrology

Use :It is necessary to warn people in time

Piman (2007) window correlation
matching method (WCMM) [orographic rain]

a = 18.05
b = 1.45

Measured

10

16
16

35
364
40
63
65
128

13
412
20
48
13
61

23-May-06
SUM
16-Sep-06
20-Sep-06
21-Sep-06
SUM

32

10

100

64

23

86
232

120
264

22-May-06

Piman
Equation
3

6

3

3

2

19

2

12

4

MarshallEquation
1

Computed Rainfall (mm)NataponRainfall (mm) Equation
15
11

21-May-06

20-May-06

Date

Computed Rainfall*No calibration process has been done

Natapon (2008) (WCMM)(Various Types of Rain)b = 1.6

a = 1.97
b = 1.56

Marshall & Palmer (1948)

a = 200

Z= aRbCalibration of Reflectivity (Z) - Rainfall (R)Problem of using radar in Hydrology

•

•

•

•

ChiengRai

BangNa(BMA)

Phitsanulok

Extension of cross-correlation method

and expansion of rainfall pattern

Parallel translation vector, rotation, shearing strain

past and current rainfall data

Estimate movement of rainfall or reflectivity using

First developed by Takasao T. and Shiiba M (1984)

Translation method

DonMuang

ChiengMai

Data: 5 radar stations

9

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April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

16.22Computed

Model performance

Measured

18/04/2006

13.22

Model performance

Chiang Mai 120 km

CSI = 0.62

18/04/2006

Date

17.22

At time

15.22

14.22

12.27

07/08/2005

Chiang Rai 120 km

11.27

8.27

Model performance

Velocity field

Model performance

10.27

9.27

10km/h

Velocity field

Model performance

Computed

Model performance

Measured

10km/hCSI = 0.58

07/08/2005

Date

13.27

At time10

4/29/2008

ICUS Report 29

113

114

81.6

83.2

84.6

Pitsanulok

ChiengMai

ChiengRai

64.4

56.6

60.2

•…………………………………………
•Engineering Approach

AIT River Network
Model•Flood fighting/Proofing•Live with flood•Live with flood•Improve Drainage
System•Flood Proofing

Drainage Model &Rainfall Forecast

Geographical
Condition

Tool

day

Flat Area

MonthsFlat Area

Time Scale of
Flood

Management

Sub-basin Scale

Regional Scale (River
Basin)

Sukumvit Area

31.7

32.1

35.5

58

51.3

Mean

CSI(%)

Spatial Scale

Chao Phraya

82.6

Conclusion

12.5

88.13

BangNaDonMuang

37.5

Min

Max

Station•Evacuation•Construct Reservoir

Rainfall forecast

Hill Slope(cause high velocity
huge damage)Day

Sub-basin Scale

Uttaradit

13.1

14.3

13.3

13.5

24

Standard
deviation

Rainfall forecast by radar

11

4/29/2008
April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

Link of Sustainable Forestand Safe Timber Houses
by User Oriented Data Integration
Prof. Tomonari Yashiro
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN115

April, 2008

116

RNUS Annual Report 2007

ICUS Report 29117

April, 2008

118

RNUS Annual Report 2007

ICUS Report 29119April, 2008

120

RNUS Annual Report 2007

ICUS Report 29121

April, 2008

122

RNUS Annual Report 2007

ICUS Report 29123Transportation Management in DisasterDr. Shinji Tanaka
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN

125

126

demand related to disaster – unclear

to evaluate unrealized situation

Toward establishment of traffic management
strategies to maintain the network performance� Case study in Tokyo�� Scenario evaluation by traffic simulation�� Estimation of traffic demand in disaster

3XUSRVHRIWKHDQDO\VLV

Feb 8, 2008
Shinji TANAKA
RNUS/TRE, AITICUS, IIS, The Univ. of Tokyo

7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ0DQDJHPHQWLQ'LVDVWHU

41

Serious traffic congestion
Troubles in rescue & recovery activities

�

�

�

traffic demand related to disaster by general public��a questionnaire survey to drivers who experienced
the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster“Damage estimation by Tokyo inland earthquake”,
by Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 1997

�“Human traffic behavior in disaster”,
by Japan Safe Driving Center, 1997

Source�

traffic demand – in proportion to the population
� trip generation rate – common in nationwide

Assumption

�

Scope

(VWLPDWLRQRIWUDIILFGHPDQG

�

�

�

damage of road network� unusual traffic demand� Transportation in disaster (earthquakes)%DFNJURXQG

52

Reservation of emergency routes
Traffic regulation (road closure) in the event

emergency routes in Tokyo

Does it really work in a disaster?

��road sign

Designed in disaster prevention plans by local
governments

Statistics

time-series trip rate

questionnaire survey
trip generation rate

purpose-based & time-series
OD (origin-destination) traffic demanddisaster prevention plan

distribution of evacuation site etc.

distribution of hospital, school etc.

time-series trip generation

trip generation

population)ORZRIWUDIILFGHPDQGHVWLPDWLRQ��

7UDIILFPDQDJHPHQWSODQIRUGLVDVWHU

6

3

1

4/29/2008
April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007

temporary evacuation &refugefrom work, school andgoods acquisition

to inquire after friends &relatives

not including daily
shopping�

set referring HanshinAwaji Earthquake
experience

Time-series trip rate� Disaster

200,000 person trips

200,000 person trips

NP

NP

10

demand bypurposes㼚㼛㼞㼙㼍㼘

㼐㼕㼟㼍㼟㼠㼑㼞
㻔㻟㼞㼐㻌㼐㼍㼥㻕㼐㼕㼟㼍㼟㼠㼑㼞
㻔㻝㼟㼠㻌㼐㼍㼥㻕㻜㼏㼛㼙㼙㼡㼠㼑

㻜㻚㻡㼎㼡㼟㼕㼚㼑㼟㼟

㻝㻝㻚㻡㼓㼛㼛㼐㼟㻌㼍㼏㼝㼡㼕㼟㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼜㼞㼕㼢㼍㼠㼑

㻞㻞㻚㻡㼠㼞㼕㼜㼟㻛㼜㼑㼞㼟㼛㼚㻛㼐㼍㼥㼑㼢㼍㼏㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼞㼑㼟㼏㼡㼑㻌㻒㻌㼕㼚㼝㼡㼞㼥㼞㼑㼠㼡㼞㼚㻌㼔㼛㼙㼑Tokyoroad network

11

red : closed
blue, green: half capacity

nodes : 418
links : 1,400
centroids : 70

To reproduce traffic condition
� To describe traffic regulation in disasters
�

8

fault

� Requirements�� Result

Magnitude: 7.2
� Intensity distribution
� Fatalities, facility damages
�� Damage estimation in Tokyo

Traffic simulation for scenario evaluation

7

day

㼠㼞㼕㼜㼟
㻱㼢㼍㼏㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻣㻜㻜㻾㼑㼟㼏㼡㼑
㻢㻜㻜㻵㼚㼝㼡㼕㼞㼥
㻡㻜㻜㻾㼑㼒㼡㼓㼑
㻠㻜㻜㻳㼛㼛㼐㼟㻌㼍㼏㼝㼡㼕㼟㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻟㻜㻜㻯㼛㼙㼙㼡㼠㼑㻞㻜㻜㻝㻜㻜㻜㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻝 㻝㻞 㻝㻟 㻝㻠�� NormalCommute�Goods acquisition�Rescue & Inquiry

�Return home�Evacuation&DVHVWXG\LQ7RN\R

7ULSGLVWULEXWLRQRIYHKLFOHV VW GD\

�

�

�

�

�

7ULSSXUSRVHV 7LPHVHULHVWULSUDWH

3.

2.

1.

�

�

�

�

�

NormalDisaster

2,000,000
person trips/day

NormalDisaster

2,000,000
person trips/day

70% reduction
from the total demand

Demand restraint

Information missing
Supplement by info
with 20% errors

Validity of traffic information

Regulated immediately
Regulated 5 hrs later

Effect of emergency routes

6FHQDULRV� Vehicles

� All modes

7ULSJHQHUDWLRQ VW GD\

12manual observation

no traffic info.

emergency routes – prohibited to use

92

4/29/2008

ICUS Report 29

127

128









 






























㻥

㻝㻡

normal

㻝㻞

㻝㻤

㻞㻝

㻜

㻟 time᫬no regulation
regulated
immediately

regulated 5 hrs later

emergency vehicle’s travel time

A measure to estimate unusual traffic demand is
proposed.
� Returning home is large at first, then goods
acquisition becomes large.

�

�

16

A couple of scenarios are evaluated by simulation.
Emergency routes should be regulated immediately.
� To collect accurate traffic information is important.
� Traffic demand should be restrained to maintain the
network performance.

� Scenario evaluation

�

13•Travel time becomes shorter by emergency routes.
•Access & Egress time is dominant.
•Situation becomes worse if regulation delayed.

㻜

㻡

㻢

㻝㻡



㻝㻜

hours
᫬㛫
㻞㻜



� Demand estimation

6XPPDU\: emergency routes







(IIHFWRIHPHUJHQF\URXWHV

㻥

㻝㻞

㻝㻡

㻝㻤

㻞㻝

㻜

㻟
time
᫬

manual supplement
info missing

perfect info

good and powerful tools.

� Remote sensing / GIS technologies can be

accurate information collection is very
important.
� We need to cover quite a wide area in a very
limited time.

17

� To implement appropriate traffic management,

14•Congestion get worse by information missing.
•Situation improved even by info with 20% errors.

㻢normallink travel speed

8WLOL]DWLRQRI5HPRWHVHQVLQJ*,6
WHFKQRORJLHV: link travel time
information missing

㻜

㻝㻜

㻞㻜

㻟㻜

hours
㼗㼙㻛㼔
㻠㻜

9DOLGLW\RIWUDIILFLQIRUPDWLRQ

㻢

㻥

㻝㻞

㻝㻡

㻝㻤

㻞㻝

㻜

㻟

average travel speed of all vehiclestime᫬

no restraint

70% reduction

normal�

�

Web GIS�in the event / in advanceplanning of traffic management
strategies�

information collection / sharing

� GIS

detection of road blockage
by collapsed buildings
� detection of traffic congestion?
�� Remote sensing([DPSOHVRILPSOHPHQWDWLRQ

trafficable map

road closure•70% reduction needed to get avg. speed of 10km/h.

㻜

㻝㻜

㻞㻜

㻟㻜

㼗㼙㻛㼔
㻠㻜

'HPDQGUHVWUDLQW

18

15

3

4/29/2008
April, 2008

RNUS Annual Report 2007