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ATLANTEAN RESEARCH“THE FUTURE OF MR. PURDEW”

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RESEARCH CENTRE GROUPMARJORIE LIVINGSTONE.
An ill-starred journey, a plane crashing in flames—Mr.
Purdew finds these events are only the beginning of a seriesof adventures, thrilling beyond the scope of his imagination.
He discovers himself in a new world, and learns the tru th about
the Universe.

Vol. 1.

March, 1949.

No. 6.

CONTENTS

Together with his two young daughters, he plumbs thedepths of human experience, and rises to heights which reveal
a grandeur of conception which is nothing short of breath­taking.

Page
THE COSMOSHow I Remember Hoerbiger
By H. S. Bellamyf^

He plays a dram atic p art in the lives of men and womenpreviously unknown to him, and is plunged with them intoa vortex of pathos, humour, and endeavour, from which heemerges, scarred, yet trium phant, to find himself involved ina romance as unique as it is unforgettable.

The Great Cataclysms of Pre-History
By Francis Ashton

81

82

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tic Inventions—^by Fred Coppersmith and J. J. Ljmx—a light­
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young in heart, whatever their age.

ATLANTIS:
N oah’s A rk : The Secret of Mount A rarat, By Egerton Sykes.

84

AVALON:
Submerged Causeway of the Isles of Scilly
By Capt. G. P. Leechman.

90

WITOLD BALCER’S “ MYSTERY OP THE ZODIAC”
By Michael Kamienski.

94

LITERARY MONOLOGUES

96
By Critias.

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HOW I REMEMBER HOERBIGER
H. S. BELLAMY.

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
VISIT OF MR. H. S. BELLAMY.
Mr. H. S. Bellamy, the distinguished M ythographer,Archselogist and Author, has accepted the invitation of the
Kesearch Centre Group to visit England and will be in London
from the 10th to 30th of April.
During his stay he will give two lectures at the Caxton
Hall, W estminster.
The first on the 22nd April will be
The Deluge and its Causes, and the second on the 28th A p ril:
The Moon Capture Theory of Hoerbiger.
Members are being advised as to the exact tim es of thelectures. Full details and tickets may be obtained from theHon. Secretary^ 9, M arkham Square, S.W.3.
Copies of all of Mr. Bellamy’s books are obtainable throughMarkham House Press. Ltd., 31, K ing’s Road, S.W.S.
The Atlantis M yth...........................11/- Post Free
Built Before the Flood...............21/6 „„In the Beginning God............... 9/- „„The Book of Revelatioyi is History ... 9/- „„Plato and Hoerbiger ...
............... 1/- „„while orders for Moons, M yths and Man, which is now in the
proof stage, will be taken.

EXCUESIONS.
Details obtainable from the Excursions Officer, Mr. J. Cordaseo,
109, Philbeach Gardens, S.W.5.

I first got to know Hoerbiger’s Cosmological Theory in 1921
by picking up a little German book on the Weiteislehre in asecond-hand bookshop.
I was immediately converted to theideas expressed in it, and foi’ two reasons. Firstly, I had formany years been a collector and a student of flood myths, andHoerbiger’s Theory of the cataclysms caused by approaching anddisintegrating satellites seemed to offer just that rational ex­
planation of the myths for which I had always been searching.
Secondly, I had had, from early childhood, a vivid and several
times repeated, nightmarish dream, the subject of which was
the disintegration of a huge moonlike body, and a terrific earth­quake which followed this magnificent spectacle. This dream
seemed to find its true interpretal.ion in Hoerbiger’s cosmo­
logical teachings—so completely, indeed, that it was never re­peated again. I then read all the writings of Hoerbiger and liis
disciples I was able to lay hands on, and finally considered
myself fairly initiated into the new Theory.
In the Autumn of 1922, in Vienna, an Austrian friend ofmine invited me to give a talk on Hoerbiger’s Cosmological
Theory and my own thoughts regarding its application to mytho­
logical problems at his house at Mauer. The forty or fifty people
present followed my words with considerable interest; but among
them there was an old greybeard who seemed to object to someof the points I made. In order to convince him, I probably
spoke with more heat and less caution than I ought to have done.
In the discussion which followed the same elderly gentleman
was the first to speak. He was Hans Hoerbiger himself. I had
forgotten, or did not then know, that he lived at Mauer.
Thus began a friendship, if the kind, patient, fatherly inter­
est which he took in me can be called a fi’iendship, which lasted
till his death, in 1931. I was often invited to his home as hisguest, and we discussed chiefly m;^'thologica] and archaeologicalproblems. He was at first something of an Anglophobe, because
he thought the English had dealt hardly with him during the
1914-18 war by confiscating his patents; but I was eventuallyable to convert him by proving to him that British firms had
paid their royalty obligations in full to the administrator ofenemy property and that any losses he had sustained were due
to his own government remitting to him inflated Austrian shill­ings instead of good English pounds. So when I eventually
intimated that I intended to introduce his Theories to the English
speaking world he was very happy and grateful.
Hans Hoerbiger was born at Atzgersdorf, a suburb ofVienna, on 29th November, 1860. He was brought up in theprovinces, reaching Vienna again only at the age of 18, to study
engineering at the Technical College. In 1881 he started his
career as a machine builder, working chiefly on blast furnaces.
SIIt does not really fall within the field of my talk to dis­cuss whether or not there was a biblical Deluge; but it shouldbe mentioned th a t the 600 or so Deluge legends now available
from various parts of the world, most of which date back to
before the arrival of white men or missionaries, show a con­siderable resemblance to each other in their main details.
They have the common features of a great conflagration,
followed by Deluge which drowns everybody except the narra­
to r of the story and his family. The tru th is borne out by
the differing stories of the unusual relationships necessary
to perpetuate the race, as told by the survivors.
At the close of the last century the scientists of theVictorian era were still engaged in the pastime of debunking
the Old Testament, and no less an authority than the late
Sir James Frazer flatly asserted th at these hundreds of Deluge
stories were nothing more than a mass of unrelated local
legends.
Nowadays, we are learning to have a more friendly attitude
to the Old Testament and other stories which have come down
to us from the past, and it is gradually being recognised thatthe story of Noah is perhaps the first documentary eye-witness
account known to history.
To admit that Noah, and his family, were the sole sur­vivors of the flood is, I think, inaccurate; but they are the only
ones who have left us a full story.
Are the stories concerning the presence of remains of

Noah’s A rk on Mount A rarat which have beeii current in the
Middle East since the dawn of history founded on fact? ,A n d
are they w orthy of investigation?
For the purpose of the argument I propose to accept thebibilical account in Genesis as constitu.ting a detailed accoxintof the closing stages of the greatest Cosmic disaster in history,
as w ritten down by an eye-witness.
The fact th a t in the course of centuries two different
versions of the story have been combined into one, is no d etri­ment, although it introduces a slight element of confusion.
The Jehovist dates back to at least B.C. 631, and probably tothe time when Abraham had still to leave the then seaportof Ur of the Chaldees. In it the real point of interest to us is
the flat statement that ‘‘the Ark rested in the seventh month on
the mountain of A rarat.”
A general resemblance between the Bibilical and theBabylonian Legends has been remarked on by many, but itshould not lead anyone to assume th at the Jehovist version
was evolved at the time of the captivity, as this is not the case.
External evidence dates it back to probably several thousandsof years before.
Stories about the A rk and the resting place on Mount
A rarat, which, obviously, M^ere current through the whole ofthe Middle East for long periods of prehistory have now been
p art of the historical background of th at area for some 2,500
years. As the historical approach greatly facilitates considerationof such a momentous subject, I shall now endeavour to sum­marise, in their chronological order, the main sources of theMount A rarat story.
I am not attem pting to put a date to the deluge except
to say th at it cannot have occurred later than B.C. 4,000 or weshould have discovered contemporary w ritten records, and it
is unlikely to have occurred earlier than B.C. 10,000, the timeof the last great Klima-Sturz, and the submersion of the
A tlantean Continent.
A part from the story in Genesis, our first historical source
is Berosus (1), the Chaldean priest who lived about B.C. 475,
and through whom we not only had the first Babylonian Deluge
story, but also the first record of the A rk still resting on theflanks of Mount A rarat. Berosus cannot failed to have noticed
the sim ilarity between his story of the Babylonian Noah andhis counterpart.
He says, after relating the escape of Xisuthurus fromdisaster in a ship, th at “ he made an opening in the vesseland . . . and found it was stranded on the side of the mountain. . . Moreover, the place wherein they were, was the land of
Armenia. . .
The vessel being thus stranded in Armenia,
some p art of it yet remains in the Corcyaean mountains ofArmenia and the people scrape-off the Bitumen with which
it had been coated and make use of it as an Alexipharmic andan Amulet.”84

85

However it does not seem to be very logical to attem pt
to fit Hoerbiger phenomena into the existing geological time
table. If we accept Hoei'biger’s theory of breakdown
cataclysms we are forced to the conclusion that much of theearth’s lithosphere must have rained down from the skies.
The evidence afforded by Saturn’s rings suggests that thisstage of the breakdown may\ have lasted for thousands of years,
but even so, the thickness of the resulting strata can afford
no evidence whatever of the length of time required to lay
them do'wn. Such considerations cannot fail to play havocwith all methods of dating, whether relative or absolute, ifthey are founded upon measurements of the thickness ofstrata.

NOAH’S ARK: THE SECRET OF MOUNT ARARATEGERTON SYKESThe following article by tlie Chairman of the Keseareh Centre
Group is based on the lecture he gave at the Caxton H all on
February 28th, 1949. Mr. Sykes considers the Noaehic and
the A tlantean Deluges were one and the same and that for thisreason, the Bible Flood story is worthy of the most serious
attention.

Another version of Berosiis s a p : "W itii respect to thevessel which yet remains in Armenia, it is the custom of the
inhabitants to form bracelets and amulets of its wood.”
The original Chaldean version discovered by George Smith
in Mesopotamia, in the middle of the last century, and now in
the British Museum (2), says: “ the ship grounded on the moun­tain of Nisir. It held the ship which did not move. . . I madean offering on the peak of the m ountain.”This is particularly important, as the fact th at an offering
was made on the peak of the mountain, seems to show th at thiscannot have been the spot where the ship grounded.
Two more references of interest from Manetho (3), theEgyptian historian, who lived in the third century before
Christ, and whose writings are, unfortunately, only known
through quotations, which, although not referring directly tothe situation of the Ark, are nevertheless, a valuable recordof the Deluge.
They are in respect of the famous Siriadic Columns, set
up by the Sons of Seth before the Deluge. The first reference
says . . . “ And lest their science should at any time be lost
among men and what they had previously acquired should perish(inasmuch as Adam had acquainted them that a iiniversal
Aphanism, or destruction of all things, will take place, alter­
natively by the force of fire and the overwhelming powers of
w ater), they erected two columns, the one of brick, and theother of stone, and engraved upon each of them their dis­coveries, so th at in case the brick pillar was demolished by
the waters, the stone pillar might survive to teach men.”
Manetho’s second reference observes th a t after the Deluge,
the texts on the Columns were copied by Thoth, the first
Hermes, then translated from the sacred dialect, and depositedby Agathodaemon, the son of the second Hermes, in the
Penetralia of the Temples of Egypt, from whence Manetho wasable to extract m aterial for his chronicle.
This not only indicates that there existed in Egypt at thetime of Manetho, a large body of w ritten tradition of theDeluge, and its causes, but, also, th at if by chance the lost
w ritings of Manetho should be discovered, we should have asecond contemporary account of the A rk to which to refer.
The parallel Greek versions of the Flood from
Apollodorus (4), Hellanicus (5), the Sibyline Oracle (6), andPindar ('^), tell of Deucalion and his wife, Pyrrea, whose ship
grounded on Parnassus, and whose deliverance was, com­
memorated at Hierapolis, where there were two columns at
the entrance of the Temple commemorating the Flood, which
may have been the Siriadic Columns of Manetho.
In general, these legends appear only to be alternative
versions of the Noachic story, differing by the names of thesurvivors, and their places of refuge. This is not really sur­prising, because, I have always felt th at the story in Genesis
represents possibly the best w ritten factual account of thisWorld-wide catastrophe, but it is not, by any means, the only
one, neither were Noah, and his family, the only ones toescape.
It is of interest, also, to note th at Apamea Cibitos in
Phrygia, had, for many years, on its coinage (8) a picture of
the A rk with Noah standing beside it.
Nicholas of Damascus, who was contemporary with our Lord,
sa y s: “Above Minya in the land of Armenia, there is a very
great mountain called Baris, to which many persons retreatedat the time of the Deluge, and were saved; and th at one inparticular, was carried thither in an A rk ; and th at the remainsof the vessel were long preserved upon the mountain. Per­
haps this is the same individual of whom Moses, the legislatorof the Jews, made m ention” (9).
This statement is also of importance, in that it shows th at
it was on the highest mountain in the district th a t people
sought refuge from the waters, and it was on to this mountainth at the ship drifted. It is of interest to note th at the name
Baris means ship.
_ _
! . .
Josephus (10), the famous historian, in his Antiquities of theJ ews, written some fifty years later, s a p : ‘‘The Armenians callthe place Nachidsheuan, which signifies the “ first place ofdescent” ; for the A rk being saved in th at region, its remains
are shown there by the inhabitants to this day.”A part from quoting Berosus and Nicholas of Damascus,
Josephus also says that Jerome (H), the E gyptian (possibly
the historian of Cardia of the Third Century B.C., who served
as General and Statesman under various rulers) also refers
to the subject.
Jerome says th at in his time people still made the journey
to Mount A rarat to obtain fragm ents of the Bitumen as amulets,
an account which Josephus says is confirmed by the authorsof the Phoenician Antiquities and by Mnaseas (12).
I have abstained from referring to the Puranic Floodlegends which, although they are very much in line with the
Bibilical story, appear to belong more to refugees in a ship
which was stranded on one of the Southern peaks of theHimalayas. It is, however, of interest to note th at the namethey give to the landing place of the Ark is Naubandhana (13),which has a certain sim ilarity with the Armenian name ofNachidsheuan mentioned before.
The real point of all these early stories is th a t they demon­
strate the fact, that, at the time of Our Lord, the practice ofpilgrims going to the Armenian mountains, for fragm ents ofthe timber of the Ark, was fairly well established, in spite ofthe difficulty in getting there.
Later, St. Theophilus of Antioch (14), who lived until A.D.
180, mentions th at even in his time, rem nants of the A rk 'were to
be found in Armenia.
He was followed by St. Epiphanius (1^), and Isidore of
Seville (16), all of whom confirm the existence of the Ark.

86

87

Our next im portant source of information is Moiianiuied (!'<'), the Prophet, who, in Sura 11 Houd of the Koran says:“ And the Ark rested on A1 D joud,” which may be taken as
Arai’at, although certain early Islamic commentators tended,for political reasons, to place it in Southern Arabia. By thetime of Ibn Kais al Rukaiyat (18) and Umalya b Abi’l Salt (I'J),
it was, however, recognised that the A rk could only be situatedin Armenia.
The advent of Islam, and the consequent eviction of
Christianity from all but a few outposts in the Middle East,
left the tradition of the A rk mainly in the hands of the Eastern
Armenians, of whom Prince Haithon
saw the A rk about
1254, and the Nestorians, a branch of the Christian Church
which had broken away from the main body on certain pointsof doctrine about A.D. 1413.
Both of these have numerous legends of the A rk but, un­fortunately most of their records have been destroyed, onetime or another, by war and natural disasters, so th at it is am atter of difficulty to get hold of any at the present time.
Marco Polo (^1) rem arks th at “ You must know that in
the country of Armenia the Ark of Noah exists on top of acertain great mountain,” while Adam Oelschlager
whovisited the district in 1636 mentioned th at by his time the woodof the A rk was already fossilised.
A Dutch traveller named Jean Struys saw the A rk in 1670(->5), while Gemelli Careri reports its having been seen justbefore 1699 (24).
A t the beginning of the last century, an American named
Claudius James Rich (25) wrote a book called Residence inKowdistan, in which he mentioned that in 1800' he met a certain
Aga Hussein who told him that he had ascended Mount A rarat
and seen the fragm ents of the Ark.
In 1811, a German explorer named Dr. Frederic P arrot (-6),
who was Professor of N atural Philosophy at the Universityof Dorpat, climbed Mount A rarat, and published an account of
his experiences. Unfortunately, these did not become avail­able in English until 1845, when they were translated andpublished by Longmans.
He was very concerned with the possibility of the Ark
being on the South W estern flanks of the mountain, and had
it not been for an outbreak of plague in the neighbourhood,
he w'ould undoubtedly have searched for it. His comments
are numerous and extremely relevant.
For example, he says: “ All Armenians are firmly persuad­
ed that Noah’s A rk remains to this very day on top of themountain. . . The chief authority for this is in the Armenian
Chronicles in the legend of a monk named Jacob, Patriarch of
Nisbro, a contemporary and relative of St. Gregory. . . He
resolved to convince himself by personal inspection of theactual existence of the A rk on Mount A rarat but . . . he fell
asleep several times, and was unable to complete the ascent.

At length God . . . sent him a piece of Noah’s vessel, the satne
piece which is preserved in the Cathedral at Echmaidzan.”
Jacob lived about A.D. 350. Parrot saw this piece i n '1829.
P arrot comments a second tim e: “ The gentle depression
between the two eminences, i.e., Great A rarat and Little A rarat—over which it would be easy to go from one to the other,and which may be supposed to be the very spot on which Noah’s
A rk rested.
P arrot continues: “Should anyone now enquire respecting
the possibility of remains of the A rk still existing on Mount
Ai-arat, it may be replied th at there is nothing in th a t possibility
incompatible with the laws of N ature.”
Ker Porter (27), also says th at the resting place was
not on the summit, but on some low'er spot, and considers theAvide valley between Great and Little A rarat as the place.
Hamilton (28), who also wrote on Asia Minor, having
visited Mount A rarat subsequently to Parrot, spoke of thelayer of sea shells on the mountain, which were, to him, con­clusive proof of the Bibilical Flood.
Later, in 1850, there appeared a book by Creagh (29),in which is related the story of Jacob, the Patriarch of Nebis,
in some detail, and in 1870 one by Johann Jantzen Strauss (<^0)
again confirming the existence of the relic.
Since th at time, however, the authorities are, it is regret­ted, vague and uncertain. There is the fabulous Nestorian
Archdeacon Nouri, who, in the first year of this century, toured
the U.S.A. and is even reported to have been_ associated witha plan to dig out the A rk and transfer it to Chicago for exhibi­tion at the W orld’s Fair. My authority for this is Frederick
Coan’s (>^1) book published in California jiist before the war.
Nansen (32), the explorer, said: “ Tlie A rk stranded on
Mount A rarat, where it is still to be seen.”
Then there were the two Russian aviators, Roskovitsky
and his colleague, who say they flew over the A rk in 1916,
and that as a resu.lt of the report they sent in, an expedition
was dispatched by the Russian Government, which took
measurements and photographs. The reports of this expedition
were reported to have been destroyed in the Russian Revolu­tion. In view, however, of the complete absence of any con­firmation of this p a rt of the story, which, incidently, was
w ritten on second-hand evidence by an American journalist (^3),
it is difficult to take it seriously.
The latest report dates from a couple of months ago, andis from a Turk named Reshet (34), who states th at he saw
fragm ents of the A rk on the slopes of Mount A rarat in theAutiimn of 1948.
It is to be regretted that since, the times of Parrot, no
one has troubled to investigate this question seriously, andit has been left for casual reports, such as those mentioned,
to show the great probability of remains of the A rk still being
on the flanks of Mount A rarat still exist, where I hope to go
and look for it.

88

89

EES'ERENCES.
(1) Bei'osus, B.C. 270-230. llis to n j.
(2) Bahylm iian Utm'y of the Flood.
B ritish Jlnseum, 1929.
(3) Manetho. B.C. 3rd Cent. E g yp tia n D yn asties.
(4) Apollodorus B.C. 2nd Cent. M ythologia.
(5) H ellanieus B.C. 5th Cent. A tth is.
(6) Sibylline Oracles. Kome B.C. 500.
(7) Pindar B.C. 512-442. Odes.
(8) Frazer, Sir James. F olklore in the Old T estam ent. Loudon, 1923.
(9) M colans of Dam ascus, B.C. 40. H isto ry of Syria.
(10) Josephus, F lavius, A.D. 37-95.
A n tiq u ities of the Jew s.
(11) Jerome, the Egyptian, B.C. 350.
(12) Mnaseas. B.C., 3rd Cent. P eriplus.
(13) Sykes, E. Vedic Flood Legen4s, 1949.
(14) St. Theophilus of Antioch, A .D . 120-180. D iscourse to A utolycus.
(15) St. Epiphanius. Panarion. Salamis, A .D . 374.
(16) Isidore of Seville, Opera, Seville, (536.
(17) Mahomet, the Prophet, A.D. 567-632.
K oran.
(18) Ibn K ais al Rukaiyat.
(19) Um aiya b A bi’l Salt.
(20) Voyage of Prince H aithon, 1254. In K e ir ’s Voyages.
(21) IMarco Polo, 1234-1324. Travels.
(22) Olearius, 16(X)-1671.
Voyage en TOjrtarie e t P erse. Leide 1719.
(23) Struys, Jan. Voyage through T artary, London, 1684.
(24) Gemelli Careri. 11 a iro del Monde.
Rome 1699.
(25) Rich, 0 . J., 1800. Residence in K oordistan.
(26) Parrot, Dr. F. Journey to A rarat.
London 1842.
(27) Ker Porter. T ravels in Arm enia. London, 1821.
(28) Ham ilton. W. J. A sia M inor. London, 1842.
(29) Creagh. Arm enians, K u rds and T urks.
London, 1850.
(30) Strauss, Johann Jantzen. R sise durch die T artarei, Medien,
Persien.
Gotha, 1836.
(31) Coan, The Rev. F . Y esterdays in P ersia aihd K u rdistan . Clare­mont, California, 1939.
(32) Nansen, Dr. F . A rm enia and the Jfear E'mst. London.
(33) Gurley, F . M. Y esterday, To-day and for E ver. Springfield,
U .S.A., 1941.
Story received from G. F . Allen.
(34) Haliburton, A. N oah’s Arh. Sunday M irror M agazine. January,
1949.
N O TE.— The T ext of this article is copyright and may
not be reproduced in whole or in part w ithout the consent 'of the author.

THE SUBMERGED CAUSEWAY OF THE
ISLES OF SCILLY
G. F. LEECHMAN.
It has been generally known that a road paved with large
flat stones lies under the water between St. M ary’s, St. M artin’s
and Tresco Islands, but the exact position seems to have been
lost since it was used centuries ago. The older generation ofsea-faring Scillonians were always careful not to go over The
Causeway unless certain that there was enough water. They
knew it ran somewhere in the vicinity of Crow Bar (between
Bar Point and Guthers Island) yet none of them could give its
exact position, either on the chart, or by land marks. In
90

Alexander Gibson’s book The IsUs of Hcilly, he says, “ BeloWth at sandy surface (of Crow Bar) a distance of some feet,^there
lies out of sight now, a paved causeway called the Roman
Road.” Old men have, on a perfectly calm day, looked downon the large flat stones which formed it, still in their relative
positions, but sunk ‘en masse’ to a lower level.
“ The Pilots knowing of the hard track right across thechannel would never risk bringing a vessel through Crow Sound
unless there was plenty of water, fearing she might strike ‘thepavem ent’ and be damaged.
“ Most likely the road led to St. M ary’s over a low lying
or marshy spot—a short continuation of it is to be found in
Rocky Hill gardens at St. M ary’s.”
Note that he says most likely; an experienced antiquarian,
he was not able to say definitely where it led, while an earlier
historian, John Troutbeck, was even more vague.
This John Troutbeck was chaplain to the Duke of Leeds,
a former lessee of the islands and while stationed here (in theyear 1796) he wrote a well-known and very full account of theislands.
Regarding the Causeway, he said, ‘‘W hen the tide is out aman may sometimes walk dry shod from St. M ary’s island to
St. M artin’s and from thence to Tresco; in the middle of CrowSound a fine regular pavement of large flat stones is seen about
eight feet under low w ater at spring tides, which are plain
evidence of a former union subsisting between these now dis­tinct islands.” F urther information does not appear to havebeen obtainable and the “ Roman R oad” was “ lost.”
In August, 1945, the w riter was sent to the Isles of Scillyon duty with a W ar Departm ent vessel operating in conjunc­tion with the R.A.P. Being interested in prehistoric remains,enquiries were made which resulted in a meeting with Mr. J. E.
Hopper and in conversation the Causeway was mentioned.
Fortunately, we had been working on Crow Bar in our boat the“ V ita ” and the R.A.F. had taken aerial photographs of thearea. I t occurred to me th at the causeway might show on thephotograph, and examination proved at once and very definite­ly, th at this was so and th at the heavy stones were indeed mostprobably the cause of the Bar having formed in th at position,
since otherwise, the main tidal stream ebbing and flowing,
would tend to develop and keep a fairly deep channel there.
As it is, the sand built up a sloping bank on the S.W. sideof the road, while on the N.E. side, the slope is very muchsteeper—this also shows very clearly in the photograph.
Having been able to determine the exact position of thecauseway the w riter was able to plot it accurately on a large
scale chart* when some rather surprising corroborative*A dm iralty Chart N o. 34— to be purchased from J . D . P o tter ,14.5, M inories, L ondon, E .C .3, A u thorised A d m iralty Chart
A g en t, or from L ocal su b-agents, price 4s. 6d.

91

evidence came in. Jb’or instance, tiie road does not start exactly
from Bar Point, but from some rocks, covered at high water,which lie about 100 yards N.E. of the Point itself, and the nameof these Rocks, curiously enough, is found to be Little Forth—
Forth being of course the Cornish form of P ort or “ place ofentrance. ’’An old road runs down to the beach and is now used for
carting seaweed, while nearby is a small embankment conveni­
ently placed for loading heavy weights. Also, there seemed to
be an unusually large number of rough boulders of close
grained granite, all fiat on one side, and looking rather as if
they might have been accumulated for possible use in building
the causeway, but had finally been found redundant or rejected.
From here (Little Forth liocks) the Roman Road runs out
under the w ater for about 690 yards, in a direction N.25 degrees
W. (true) th a t is, straight towards the top of St. Helens (arather smooth island next to Round Island with its Lighthouse),
while the reverse direction points to the summit of Helvear
Down, so th at the road runs, for the first part, on a line straight
between these two high points. In this way it would be easy
for anyone wading along the causewey in either direction, tokeep on it by walking directly towards the hill ahead. But thiswas not the reason which determined the position chosen for
the road—it is found to pass over several “ hum ps” or raised
harder patches, the first of which proves to be Queen’s Ledge
about 210 yards o u t; while the next two, unnamed on the chart,
lie close together about 500 yards farth er on. About 100 yards
past this, the pavement changes directly sharply to the right,
making an angle of nearly 90 degrees. The exact position ismarked by two points coming into line as one proceeds; they
are the Eastern Point of Guthers Island and the top of Cruthers
Hill on St. M artin’s. The sim ilarity of the names is peculiar
and has not been explained, quite possibly they are not con­nected in any way with the leading line. However, from here
the roadway runs N orth 47 degrees for about 580 yards, whichbrings it to some rocks called Lower Ledge, about 150 yards
south of Guthers Isla n d ; from here it is still possible to ‘‘walkdry shod to St. M artin’s,” at low tide over the hard sand, theancient route apparently passing west of Guthers, then bearing
away to the right, leaving Higher Ledge on the left and curving
smoothly in to the Old Quay at the foot of Cruthers Hill. From
the Old Quay a road still runs up to St. M artin’s Higher Town.
On the second p art of its underw ater crossing the causeway
passed exactly over two more humps which seems to confirm
the position further. One to about 100 yards from the turn,and the second, about 250 yards beyond the first. Here it may
be pointed out th a t the chart shows, in the vicinity of Crow
Bar, a total of six of these hard raised patches, which I havecalled humps, and of these, five are definitely on the line of thecauseway, the sixth, W art Ledge, lies 100 yards off.
So far we have only considered the causeway joining St.

M ary’s to St. M artin’s, and there was said to be also a connec­
tion between St. M artin’s and Tresco, and it appears likely thatthe same system of paving might have been used.
Oft’ theTresco shore is a ridge called the Caunce (spelt on the chart, as
in English, Cones, but pronounced locally “ Coins,” Cornish
for causeway).
The name will be found on the chart justsouth of Diamond Ledge, off Skirt Island (from Scarret—mean­
ing rock or stone), the S.E. extreme of Tresco, and here theactiial ridge itself is shown as two parallel rows of dots running
S. 66 degrees E. for about 450 yards, starting from a point about
220 yards Bast of the extreme of Skirt Island.
The width of the caunce here seems to be much more than
one would expect—some 40 yards, but this may include thebreadth of the sandbank on each side and is narrow er than thewidth of the main causeway from St. M ary’s as shown by thephotograph, where it appears to be as much as 80 yards across•—but this is also probably due to the accumulated sand which
would form a larger bank where the main channel is crossed.
By a transverse obstruction than where the ridge runs morenearly parallel with the stream as Caunce does—this perhaps
is the reason why Caunce cannot be traced in the photograph—■
it may have joined up with the other pavement either at Queens
Ledge (towards which it points exactly) or on one of the otherhumps—if the former, then it woxild pass directly over yet
another hump but this one appears to have slightly deeper
w ater on either side of it—in any case the exact line has notbeen determined here, but it is possible th at an examination at
low water springs might show actual paving stones on Caunce
and even enable it to be traced further along the path.
A final word on the date of construction—the story runs
th a t some 400 years ago some low lying areas were more or lesssuddenly and perm anently covered by the sea, but this view isdefinitely not endorsed by recognised geologists.
I t is men­tioned in the official report on the geology of the Scilly Isles,
given by H.M. Geological Survey, and is dismissed as almost
certain unfounded in fact. There may have been severe storms
and local flooding but any definite sinking of the land would
have been accompanied by such movements of the e a rth ’s crust
as would bring down houses—even the houses of those days—
for miles around, yet no mention of such an earthquake occurs
in any writings of th at period, and they are fairly copious. It
must be remembered th at before the upper layers can sink thestrata underneath must go down and these consist of perhaps amile or more of solid granite resting on many more vertical
miles of basalt—no—the idea of any sudden imindation must,in view of modern knowledge, be abandoned. It is of course
perfectly true that the Isles of Scilly were at one time connec­
ted with England, and also England with France, and that
there has been a definite subsidence, but this was slow and partof a series of movements which are always taking place throughmany thousands of years. There are at least three and, prob­

92

93

r
ably four, well defined high-levels in Cornwall which were at
one time the floor of the sea—these represent greatest depths
reached, and between the depressions the land rose, so that
Scilly would be connected and disconnected with the adjacentland several times, but the date of the last connection cannot
have been later than Pleistocene times, th at is 20,000 years ago—about the period of the old Stone Age.
Some may think a local subsidence might occur, due per­haps to the existence of a hollow space in the rocks below, but
granite formed as a molten liquid mass no such cavities could
remain in the magma, if they were full of gas they would riseto the surface as gigantic bubbles and escape into the atmos­
phere, leaving the granite solid.
Much rock may have beeneroded by the sea, but this always occurs when the waves can
attack the base of a soft clifE, it does not suddenly and per­manently inundate large areas of meadow land.
To do thisthe subsidence would have to be at least 16 ft. (since this is theamount spring tides rise and fall at Scilly), in order to passfrom dry land to land permanently under water, otherwise thecondition would be “ tid a l,” i.e. sometimes dry and sometimes
covered.
There is of course the A rthurian legend also, of agreat subsidence, but “ although there is plainly some sub­stratum of historical fact, it has become so inter-mingled withand enriched by, the elements of the older celtic mythology,
that the task of separating the fact from the myth is of interest
only to a few enthusiastic researchers, ’’ to quote a well known
authority, and in any case King A rthur did not live as far backas the Pleistocene period.
We are therefore brought to the conclusion that the cause­
way was constructed with the idea of enabling the passage be­
tween the islands to be made more expeditiously in the shorttime which would be available at dead low tide. If horses wereused, the sand lying under some eighteen inches of w ater at
least, would be bad going even in fine weather. Under otherconditions with a little wind, or at heap tides, a roadway ofheavy paving stones would make conditions far better, especi­
ally as the tide would probably be fairly strong as soon as it
attained a depth of perhaps two feet. Canon Wade, who saw
the actual pavement, compared it to the Appian Way, whichruns from Naples to Rome, and it is possible th at perhaps the
Romans built the causeway, although we do not know how great
an interest they had in the Isles, or whether it would be suffi­
cient to justify so much labour. It may be th at they wanted
to carry tin from Tresco, yet th at could be done by boat much
more simply. Indeed it is difficult to say definitely who built
it, or why—but almost certainly it is pre-Cromwellian and mostprobably Roman in date.

WITOLD BALCER’S “MYSTERY OF THE ZODIAC”

94

95 '

M ICHAEL KAMIENS'k I.
Professor of Astronomy of W arsaw University (ret.) ;Fellow of the Polish Academy of S cien ces; Associate F ellow of
the Royal Astronomical Society, e t c .; This hitherto unpublishedwork of the late W itold Balcer is briefly examined by his
friend and colleague.

In his work bearing the above title the Author starts fromthe assumption, that the zodiacal figures have a concealed
symbolic meaning referring to the human life. Such is themeaning of the Zodiacal figures in Astrology and in the Taroth.
The Author finds confirmation of his thesis in the works of many
Greek and Roman authors, namely: Diordorus Sicilus (1),Strabo (2), Macrobius (3), Manilius (^), Virgil (5), and others.
But in the order of succession of zodiacal constellations fromthe Ram in the direction of the annual motion of the Sun,
adopted since the times of Ptolemy, the Author was unable
to find any substantial trace of the subject he has been search­
ing for, ju st as nobody could have found it so far. He enters,
therefore, a new way th at has never been used hitherto by
those who were studying zodiacal symbolism. This new way
is a different mode of succession of the zodiacal signs, namely,th at of the retrograde direction, i.e. in the direction of theprecessional motion the cycle of which closes in about 26>000
years.
When considering the succession of zodiacal signs in thisdirection, one finds without difficulty the first sign: it is theVirgin. From the Virgin begins human life. The last two
signs a r e : Scorpion, symbol of death, and the Balance, symbolof the judgm ent after death. The rest of the signs correspondlogically to the respective periods of the human life too, when
given 7 years to each of them ; the periods agree with bio­
logical ones also. The average span of human life, according
to this interpretation, would amount to 84 years, this corres­
ponds to reality too. Consequently, the thesis of the Author,
th at the zodiacal figures are symbols of human life, seems to
be well founded.
But whilst the life of an individual lasts barely 80 years,
the precessional cycle closes only in 26,000 years. Every 2,160
years the vernal equinox point passes successively from one
zodiacal constellation to another. In th at of the Virgin it was
15,000 years ago. Therefore, the Author emits a supposition,
th at the same symbolism of the zodiacal figures refers also to
the life of the whole mankind. As an argument for his thesis,
he quotes a view, adopted in pre-history, according to which
the human races, which appeared on the stage of the world
towards the end of the glacial period, i.e. just about 15,000
years ago, were reckoned to the species of “ homo sapiens.”
The Author provides these people with the biblical name of“ Adamites.” The first four periods of the Virgo-Leo-Cancer-

MARKHAM HOUSE PRESS, LTD.

Gemini belong to pre-histoi’y ; it is difficnlt to say anything
definite about them. The Author interprets the above periods
concordably with the data of pre-history, presenting tliem as
particular cycles of evolution of Adamite man — since his
exodus from localities, where he evolved in isolated conditions,somewhere in mountain valleys of Turkestan or Caucasus, —into a larger arena of the world, which, in the Leo-period wasafflicted with the cataclysm of the Deluge.
The Deluge
affected chiefly the population of the sea side valleys; andthanks to it, the Adamites without encountering a greater
resistance came on a larger stage and fought victoriously withthe remnants of old races. In the following epochs, those ofCancer and Gemini, the Adamites, after having taken over thecivilisation of older races, developed th at of their own. Thenfollowed the process of differentiation to the foundation oforganised states, especially in Egypt, Abyssynia, Mesopotamia,
where old influences of the ancient Atlantic civilisation re­generated.
(To be continued).

Markham House Press, Ltd., is a new publishing organisa­tion formed to cope w ith the increasing demand for literatureand periodicals covering the period separating,pre-history from
history, and for excursions into the unusual and the unreal
which have formed the basis of so much of the imaginative
thought of to-day.
Any book mentioned in ATLANTEAN BESEABGH may beordered through M arkham House, who are also prepared toobtain for readers any publication dealing with the problems
o f Atlantis, The Hoerbiger Theory, Dowsing, Radiesthesia, orInterplanetary Communication.

A tlantean Reseaxch.

The Research Library.
1. Plato and Hoerbiger. By H. S. Bellamy. 1/-.
2. A Bibliography of the Hoerbiger Theory. 1/-.
3. A tlan tis; the Key to the Past. 1/-.
4. The E arliest Survey. By K. H. Koop, 6d.
5. A Bibliography of Megaliths, Place Names, Units of
Measurement, etc., 6d.
6. Recent Literature on Atlantis. (Reprinting).
7. A Bibliography of Classical A tlantean References. 1/-.
8. The Gorgon, the Polypus & the K raken (in preparation)
9. The Paul Schliemann Mystery. (In preparation).
10. Vedic Flood Legends. (In preparation).
11. A Basic Outline of Hoerbiger. By H. S. Bellamy.
(In preparation).
12. The Research Group, Its Aim and Purpose. 3d.
13. Programme of Research. Id.

LITERARY MONOLOGUE
One Lang^iage— Source of all Tongues, Arnold D. Wadler.
American Press for A rt & Science, New York, 1948.
$7.50.
The author points out, in this interesting study of linguistics,
some of the fallacies of Grimm’s law of the consonantal shift.
These are obvious if it is appreciated that the stem of language
growth starts long before the Aryan languages originated, andthat owing to this there are always sharply diverging elements
introduced into any speech, which defy any fixed law so far
established.
He also proves conclusively the similarity of Runic withearly Greek and Hebrew" scripts, and that to seek for a common
root between Egj^ptian hieroglyphs and cuniform, one must go
considerably further back than has so far been attempted.
The author shares the opinion of Gattefosse (Les Sages
Ecritures, Lyon, 1945) as to the relationship between Zodiacal
signs and the origin of writing, which has always seemed to
me to be one of the basic steps in the transcription of ideas. Aninteresting point is that the names for Luna and V enus: Mon
Min Men appear to be interchangable, which would fit in wellwith Hoerbiger’s theory of the Capture of Luna.
_ Mr. Wadler appears to be acquainted with W irth ’s Die
Heilige JJrschrift der Menscheit, Leipzig, 1931; and with thelatest continental developments in this interesting branch ofresearch.
His defence of Plato’s story of Atlantis against the criti­
cisms of Aristotle, finds its reflection in the philasophies of to­day, when the impact of non-Aristotolean thought is beginningto have its effect on the thinkers of to-day.
A most interesting book which can be fully recommended tothose interested in tracing our cultural origins from the past.
CRITIAS.
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