'() J. Hot Spring Sci. /3 ,.ῌ-/ ,**3῎῍



  
 ,+-

+  ,+

,-

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+2

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What is Deﬁnition of the Arima-type Hot Spring?
Osamu MATSUBAYA+

Abstract
The term of Arima-type hot spring is one of classes of grouping of Japanese hot spring
based on their origin or genetical process. The Arima-type hot spring is high saline andof NaῌCaoClῌ(HCO-) type, and also characterized by a hydrogen isotopic ratio of about%-*& in dD. Although origin or genetical process of the Arima-type hot spring is not yet
well understood, several possibilities are considered, that are, degassing of magmatic water, dehydration from subducting ocean crust, membrane e#ect of compressed clay formation, alteration of fossil sea water, burial of saline lake, squeeze-out of water fromocean sediment and others. However, these possibilities are only able to explain part ofthe character of Arima-type hot spring. Recently, saline water similar to the Arima-type
is found from deep part of plains in Japan. The various scope studies of those saline waters about chemical character and reservoir process may be useful to explain their genetical process, and consequently may progress in understanding of the Arima-type hotspring and bring forth a clear deﬁnition of the Arima-type hot spring.
Key words : Arima-type hot spring, High saline water, Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio,
Grouping of hot spring.

῏ῌ*+,'(-. /0'(120345-6789:;-70 + 9,<=> 20(?
. @ABC0 NaῌCaoClῌHCO- ,< D0DEFGHIJ dD <%-*& G<=>K-J
LM<=> 203.NOPQR<STJ UVW-:X. YZYRQ0[D \]^_
`abcRQ0[D defg;hij0klm4n>ABC-FGHI0op qr`D0s? At0uv `wxyRQ0de4n>[DSzJ{|Qg> :R: KgQ0}~.Tg5*+,'(0LM184P<7>4}ST   0<0*+,'(-9>ADJfgXT> 20nSAD4TX qLM+

24  *+*ῌ*2/,  +  +   ! : *+*ῌ**.- "#$ -ῌ+*ῌ,/ + Akita University (Professor Emeritus), Tegata Gakuenmachi +ῌ+, Akita, Akita Prefecture *+*ῌ*2/,, Japan. Contact address : Sakuragaoka -ῌ+*ῌ,/, Akita, Akita Prefecture *+*ῌ**.-.

 /3  ,**3   ! "#$%& '(  "#)* (+ !
 ,& '(-. /0
$123 45657 :  89 :;ῌ<; =>  +     ?@ABC D( E FG H "# IJ.



+ *-M  !

 :N/OPQR"=> QRV"2:SP"

K L:;S<; T U

WXY  Z2[ῌ \R]$ 

 "#Y& '/  ! ^_  `a5bcd ef ghiN/O'.

L Matsubaya et al., +31- ; Sakai and Matsubaya, +31., +311jk lR mnoZ3H

p +32+ 89

NaῌCaoCl -M+ qr  /0 899: /0 89(,s

Z3 tL  : :; =>yL9: /0

dD  CldD  Cl  uv(!D w-2x +uv(e:WX& ef uvz{ |-M '2 9: }~ e:("wZ3L
 ef

&Qe: #$(%#$ L ! ^_  H &/O'()*+", - .-  ῌ(+ !  ",(& # L p2 +32*

N
9N Qe:WX s *Hp +33+a SS (M 
 .  - /-023 9: WX9:(.:  1: /+2Z3L-M+ ! 

WX9: .  z{\-M+ dD (-*

d O (2 Cl ( /* gῌkg 3-M  ' WX9: "#*H `:WX +2

4 L: 56-"Z3L¡2 ,**0 ¢£noZ3H  7i(Z3HN+ !32*H   "#*H¤¥- , 81

023HN2¦  '( -N/O9(§9 L"#/"#©x(M !3 !3¨3 -  yL - .  ª(P¥& :2-  «¬ ­; ®</+89 9:(*tHN+ =1¯ p> +33- +33. ; ?2 ,**/ ; @°2 ,**/ ±;--M  $1 ²Z3L
' /0 ~ ³,& AB(M ´µ3  !'- CD  EF¢Gno L ! "#*H J* 7i& , 
,+ 

 '( -N/O9 /X*H => N/OQRV" Tabel +²&N+-M   -8 XH X(M ¡2 ,**0 ( ª- ¶¦3 H-M  Cl  ·¶wM  |¶ Xw-2x32

dD ¸ Cl N/O dD ¸ d O+2 !

uv! ¶ .:±I& J¹uv(23 p +32+ 8 9:(M+ !3(.: º: /+2 »¼-Z3
L$123   '(N/O- |J¹uv¼K   WX9:( \M YZ3  ! WX9:*HD2jL «8-

Cl ½$ Cl ( .. gῌkg,
25


Table + Isotopical and chemical character of representative hot spring in Arima, Takarazuka,
Ishibotoke and Kashio areas, respectively.
Hot spring

Temperature, dD, d+2O, Cl, gῌkg

NaῌCa**NaῌK**

Arima (HT)*Arima (LT)*
Takarazuka
Ishibotoke
Kashio

32
.2
,*
,+
+.

--0
..
./.

/41
.4-4,
,4*
,4/

-141
-,43
+,4.
+.42
,-42

/4,
.4.
++4/
/424-

.42
/40
34.
,+40


* HT and LT mean high and low temperatures, respectively.
** Weight ratio.

dD -* d+2O 2  Matsubaya et al., +31- ;  +31.  Masuda
et al. +32/ 

! Cl  // gῌkg, dD -* d+2O +*  "#$%

&'()*)#+,-.

)#/0123456789:;<= Sakai and Matsubaya,+31. ; Tanaka et al., +32. >(! , 7#' # Cl 45?@A BCD-.;

<8 B)*)EFGDEH(45I6JKL= MN#&'()OL=-.6PQ >(!:RS6MNTUV#()WXL="YZ[<= "#"B M \ ] ^$_>(#&'()`aL=bcEd7#!8B e
S!"<EMf()gG
Wh b 6789 Masuda et al. +32/ +320 ij6k  NaῌCa

 . Rl: .+, !mn o) ,0./ $n:p[8 "#$%p[8qr6s]#tuvw)6;<= NaῌK:o) ,1.3 $n:p[A s]#tuvw:#[<= NaῌK Rh

5x#yzE{L= ,-** NaῌK,*. 6|}L= ^ *)&'#()! ~!s]

6t

<=M?]

Ca  *.0 NaῌK  2*3* ῌ +323 !A= Mm 5 6 568H! NaῌCa
8

^$_ NaῌK

W45ῌ~

~ ! Hmn #6ῌ~¢ #£!

!8  +**m=  ,**0 #66@A  dD, d+2O ^$_ Cl #-.6:@;<HA H< , 6[<,,  #() Naῌ

~8  +30. 6$= RS#&'()WE ¡ <=#¤¥v6¦§< ();7B¡98= ¨ ,**/ 6$=

 ? #£5 2** m ©#"ªB NaoCl f#()«< Cl 45¢H#:# ,-.3
gῌkg !mn # dD ,, d+2O ,.1 !m=  ¬­ ,**/ 6$= ?®#£5 +,*** m ©#"ªB Naῌ CaoCl f#()«< Cl 45¢H#:# +2.* gῌkg!mn # dD -3 d+2O -./ !m= "# , ¯°#()EMf() ±L=²
6 dD ³ Cl ^$_ dD ³ d+2O #-.E´= Fig. + #$%6= Fig. + 6±#²6Mf()#-._6M \^$_] >(6789<µ<*)#+,-.EY  ¶ +33. 6$=o¬·¨R¸#¹º»# Cl  -.., gῌkg #() M( ¼#()  +31/ #-.EY o¬·¨R¸#()#?h]o)&'[< Cl 45o)$n:~8 ¹º»#()½6 Cl 45o)$n:H
8 dD ³ d+2O #-. Cl 45o)$n:~8()?@8 ¶ +33. ( ¼#(26

 /3  ,**3



Fig. + Comparison of dD, d+2O and Cl relationships between saline water from deep part of plain, i.e.
Urausu (UR), Oita (OI) and Osaka (OS) and the Arima-type. A typical fossil sea water type,
Yashio-Isobe (YI) is also shown. SW and MT stand for sea water and meteoric water. Line ῌ
and ῍ show mixing relationship of the Arima-type saline water and local meteoric water at Arimaand Kashio, respectively. The relationships at Takarazuka and Ishibotoke agree with the line ῌ.

  !"#$% &!'()*+,-./012 d+2O 3456 7
dD  Cl 89:;<89/=>2?

@ $%ABCD +31/

EFGHI dD ,, JIKLM  2 2 d+2O NOP Cl QRIO7S6 dD T Cl U

 dD T d+2O 89IVD !WHI!Y ? :!O Z[\]E^ J_`J EXG

 Z[aI dD 

-* +M  b dD T Cl 89IKL2 dD T d+2O 89EFGHIKLM  1Oc!EFGHNOPEXGHI!Y ? dD d+2O NOP Cl 89
U IKL2 U W
!FK$%d /efM 1gh

 2 2 11 Db%DI ijD!O   kl

m! nopqM  c1JU7 rs2? dD d+2O U

 Cl t]KLM 34

JU  2uv? wu!xy$%uz{InoI*|JU%} u~bdD d+2O U

 Cl IW v? !FK$% ^JU  u32I*|noIIW
JU    InoVD J

dD d+2O U

 Cl />d J 1!~ 12  wu

!xy$%uz{Ino!Y ?ef/ 1!O7 Iz JUc bOc ef/ u! ! , I dD d+2O U

 Cl t]/Mo2?~D% !Y ?efM 

27





- 
-+ 

  !" #$%&'( )*+',-,.$ + /0 12+3' 4$ 56
?@ .AB $ dD $ ,*.* d+2O $0789:;<=>=>2 CDEF7GH

Iῌ

 +320 ; Giggenbach, +33, ;  +330  JF$KL.FM! NOP$QC!RECCDS$T*+' 'U VWK
$X/YC!Z[R\]=>^ECR <=>,-, )*+!.
$KE!12+EC JR + /_` <=>,-,aObc9de. !.$f !CD12gC <=>?@M !.
hF.$bc9de.'i ,-,aOfjk Jll lRmn KE!CD12$o*+' pq ,**0 JrDEs!tuv!rDEw"#E$$xy 12$zC%&'{4|(
Rx! <=>?@$bc9de. !.Rx!CD12 ) bc9d
e. !.$Jm*}a,~*R,~+,-73 <=>,-,$. !CD12r!Rxy ..hF/C /*+CEC <=>?@bc9de.

!..hF

 Et!01/C2*+E+EEC
lk bc9de. !..hFrDERx4D bc9de8l+!. . d34+56+r}d7C8.9R
O'8.+ - $12+!

.d.Rxy dD  * 6CRx4D

 :; *+ y)*+'.m<~. E+^ry.h
F$9¡ !CD¢=x! Lawrence, +323d34+56+ dD  /*0* Savin and Epstein, +31* Rxy l'd7R8.9+ dD  -* F >2Kawahata et al., +321 Rx! 01 ,-f !.+ - .$rDE£¤R8l+!Rx! l' .s!R.hF?ry. !.F$9¡!01Rx! 56+¥.7¦§R.*j!@A3C.hF?$! Marumo et al., +33/

x!C 8.+¦§.R , ¨BEry.©

$.h H, ª«*+!@A3C.hF?$! Miyagi et al., +332

ebcbrDE¬IR.RrDE.hF?$!{4­C
EC .'.$DEF.ABrDE®GR¯m<° !Z¤ .±F$H'+!Rx4D 4$ ¬EFI²$JZ[x!!F±l!Z¤ .'.³y.R.hF´J$!_`12+!
t ,-s!R$!Rx4D .'.©,-,µ ³y¶·³K !Rx4D NR.hF?$!Rx4D l' ,~+x!!F.789kRx! >2 d7¸L#,-,R8.M$ *./῍ J. dD $2* F >2 Kyser and O’Neil, +32. Rx! <=>,-,R ,~.

de.£¤DE!Rx4D * ¹',-,$eº[lRmn !
 ,» !..hF9¡ECU4De¼*½ km lRmn3',-,=>?@$ )*+!s!R .hF?
$¹! >2 Taylor et al., +3228

+ Fig. , o rD,-,,» !. 8.

 /3  ,**3  !" #$%" &'() *+#, -(./0 '1+2  34567+89' :3;3< !" #.= >8?#, -($@'AABC-(3;37<

DEA+FG&HI'"  =-(+2J KLM NOPQ

!" #
=MR

 A' S#

TR

-(
0

-U

# #, -(3;3 VWXYZ+R. [\ ]^ Fig. ,_<`+a&'b+2 cdeM  0 <fH Miyagi and Matsubaya ,**-. ghNOi7 jkl #, -(m&Hcn&'
oF b<:NOPQ

dD .,*.* +2 0e= /p$qrstuBCev#" #<w1 'Fig. , Idea of three forms of H,Oin relation to magma. M stands
for amount of H,O.

1< AxyLMz{ e |.[}~LMH 
, -(<fH qrstuBCev#" # : NOPQ+.2 cdeM 3;3eKLM' *+B<K"+ 3;3 03 &'T$ "  0. qrstuBCev#" # } km"*<._.J

.e



il,

+ d+2O .2 "  =M! #0  d+2O .+2 li$cd =LeB\A+FG-($b+2b )

il.Nid+2O  0**,-**  +** +=MM2 . 

i.) ]^ F ++2 +. .d+2O .,/-* +2+ #d+2O Le<\b<qrstuBCev#" #.B\A+FG" ]^ =+  T<:NOPQ 0

d O "+2

cdeM Cl #<fH[\  .2  NOPQ ]^ Cl  HCl &HSAM  +
HCl # NO ]^ HClῌH,O  *.*+ +2J = #."  Cl #u

# ,* gῌkg  NaCl qrstuBCev#" #.&$ ()+2M{$2  y" +2b && $ # b  +2M{ NaCl

$%b0 +2b 3;3 b  ¡¢65#*

NaCl



&<fH

[\ £¤?¥¦.2  && NOPQ7< Cl . HCl &HSAM '(Ax\y
LMH  )d{ §¨ +33+
oF<©ªHI'b< # /p$qrstuBCev#" #<w1 '1< # #, -(<fHJ , -( «< *<¡¬ ­4 /p<f
H'y$1 ®M{ e .¯+i 3;3#$/p" bcd ¯+i7 S#!<2 #dD .,*-* +2

°, ,**, b0+ + f ±-V&M  && =]^ Fig. , <a&'3;37< !" #3;3 !" # *+#, -(<.
2 0$c.& ®M{ e  .¯+i 3;3#$/p" bcd #, -(.²/LM o³<´µLM' +2J <01.2 0e= 2p
&H¯+i ~2.cdeM''1+ ¶ LM  && F© b< /p¡#+2J =  ¡#. , ·?<¸2LM' cdeM  &'.@H  2p/p¡# ¹º»m¼  cdH+2b t&½
29





  d+2O 2  !"# +**$%&'()*+,-./$01234 5678"
;0# < =>?@+ 9:

A0 ()*+,-./$%BC48"

0@0 DEF8< 4: @@G=HI78J7K868"-, 



L4MNOP%: ;0#6 +31.  Graf et al. +30/ 4Q01
RSI71TUV$W01 XYZ[\Z]\ Graf et al., +30/ ?[^_X`
abcb Hitchon and Friedman, +303  9"# Cl 4 +** gῌkg $%E
F8d"' Cl  dD 4ef0#g8@64RSI71T$!"%h UV E Cl  dD 4ef0#g8Wi671  #$!Ej)%
 dD  Cl fk4\Z]\?X`abcbfk&l%@6 6 +31.
RSI71T$!"%4LPm + 9: ;8"@n'01
o4 D=p9@q1r dD  Cl fk(s8 Fig. + t1L dD  d+2O fk4\Z]\?X`abcb)u08" v 
4RSI71T$!"%>4*g !"wC4xxy+,%
EF8z"B-D{ |.01  dD  Cl /}fk~0  $Wi1i8"  $~0%/}fkL 9"#1
EF

T  EWi41 014q# RSI71TUV4

LPm8: ;"EF 7--  !A48g !234q#" + *+,-44 3h"5,-UV86j 6./ Eg8  +311 ;  +33+b
DEF8 4 "o ,7% 6
,-4l18 8 9iK r:; !Ag8"8
dD 4 *-  d+2O 4 *./-./

8<I7 Sakai and Matsubaya, +311 o4 =>8 64 Ig8 ,-4?0gg8 @A DEF88"4

¡B¢ 4"C£6 ¤0#?0" 8 9iK ¥=O¦6B¢ dD 4,2  d+2O 4 /..

8 Matsubaya and Sakai, +312 0 4=> §¨I7 ¨©8q1 3 E44+ *+,-44ªEF g
84D«I7  +311 4¬­%EF  DEF84 { EF0 L8: ;4Wi67
@A®) G¯°±²³Bw$%Wi67 D=HBw 4=> §¨I7 84Wi67 L4DEF8$
%"FWi dD d+2O !Ej Cl $I~´Jµ¶4KL 1·0 !23¸¹ Eq#MNoF-.  {4®)OP%ºQ8»¼ D dD  Cl fk4 ½
fk$¬% o4 ¥®)  Fig. 30¬%EF 

 /3  ,**3



Fig. - dD vs. Cl and , dD vs. d+2O of fossil sea water type saline water of which dD are in a rang of+*ῌ-* and Cl are lower than expectation from sea water (SW) and meteoric water (MT)mixing, from Enbetsu (EB) and Wakkanai (WK), Hokkkaido as well as Akita (AK). The relationships of the Arima-type, Urausu, Oita and Yashio-Isobe in Fig. + are also shown.

dD +/  Cl !"#$%&'( .+, gῌkg +, +331 -./ d O

,,  !"#$%&012  +3 +33-+2

4%  56789:;<=>?@1 d O+2

DE%&F/42)*dD  Cl #$ABC 1

Fig. -DE Cl GH' ;< <AIJ ῌKLE? ;< M4  NH
2 O" PQ

=R& -PQST1 ' Cl GH?UVZῌ[\ +320 -%J
.  1 1 _`%J
PQ
(

PQ

4%&]&? Cl GH2(-* gῌkg AaC Fig. +  bc deῌSTgh1e -.ij4k* ldD +*-* no4p R*  PQ;<m -.

w*  1 dD +*

ῌST4#$ ( {|M4NF.

-* noxyz* R PQ<v4% *.X ? dD

WX4

@ F. Ah-/ 

^F

 Cl GH f

Cl GH'ῌSTqr*.X dDis) C tu !"4vVe )4}4=R ~ 

 WX YR? <1(v1*  JW*  1 1 - <v4ceg ~BF.e R  

Y¡4¢ e £¤¥ mud volcano ¦§4Ide dD +*.* d+2O 0+* ?¨C R/ 4F. ©ª«¬£¤¥

Cl GH

Dia et al., +333 ®¯67O"  -You et al., ,**. °/  -%J ?§1e , ­H*@­H*&Yz7±|²f ³4%&1(´TF. µ4}¶·¸¹º1y&¨F. »­AW

Y

41e 1¼½M§¼½
31

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

  !"#$%&'()$*"+, -./ 012345, dD  ,,45,617892,,0

K 2** +,/** m L) ,.* -,* ?, dD d O M@N Cl / 617892 ,, 
+2

+33/

,0 



#$ 0123:; <=>617892?$@AB  +* km

$C,2DEFG4H, , IJ;/2DEFG4H/

,

,

)$

*./  M@N +3.* gῌkg ;OA P+./  M@N +,.1 gῌkg ;O Kristmannsdóttir and Matsubaya,

$), dD  d+2O /QRS; dD / T. dD  d+2O ,UV/ Fig. -W.C,XY< T P Cl /617892< QRS;O,. 2DEFG4H/?, - , ,  Z[\ $),,^!+ -.!".C'()$ ?,_`/+Y#,

H,O, OH @Ade#$C'()$ fC ?,g$;,,%@AB]LjC

/<  K,]

ῌ+Y",a#bc;,hk lK@A -**, dD 
, d O /hi+2>,;,+Ymn>&op

@Ahi,%jC'()$Cl ,q/ 617892,

< rs,. 2DEFG4H,/< ' ,t`.CB,rs,;OPuL ?$B ()B< rs+Y, -,v*; Cl +X.C,;OPuL B. +Y, - Cl r+X#w
,xO Fig. - W.CXY< , Cl B,x;+X.CB'()$ fC ?,@u,x@A Cl ][A,;O$y  ,"x.'-.,O@uz{$.ῌ ῍ ῐ ῏ ῎
$f;,"x[L,%&rW.C ?$)/|$B
,/0r12}3;Zv~| ,4r/;ZLjC .Cj ,5r2WB;ZLjC  Z./ C)$C167,]>&"X",8r9. :2". ;,"x,%&r<,;O ?,_`  ,=>"?2,#
/ @s,B,\s,B,OA.$y) B(y C14, /  DAEF#.C+Y,;,op@A#$CB,'()$ .Cj ?$L))$8/  ,sUB,;/[K; ,@u+Y.ZCLrWB,;OA ?$L)/ , K;,DAEF,8)$;OPu fC

, n mn>&"/ h¡,@u  ,!"L) GHIf;,; v*M>&JK,L¢,>&opO
/t`@A£!2>&"+X, dD  -*>;OuB ¤)$/0;/[ h¡,@u; ,"x,\ )$B,;O>&",+F/¥¦n §¨¦© 2ª«4¨¦© BA;O¬h,@ur'-.)  L))$8­<. ?
,®¯r°`. ,"x.%&,@A]B,r±.,;OPufC

²X28L)¤;/"xU³&2v*r´5/M. ³&2v*r'µC/ ¶±_J, ¢2/0DA N±·¸,'µB,;OPu ¹ OPQº,»RUV , ,B,UV@uz{$ B.
,OPQº¼L,UV;®N?[,;O$y '()CS:½T#$ B(y32 /3  ,**3 

-  !"#$% & - &'(')*+

 ,-*$./ 01 23 4,-*$ 5678#+9:*$./@A !"B C7;<='$ >? 01
01

IJ  KH LM' *$ N79:*$DOPQR
X >Y 

SET ** &' UV =

ET & ]^  _`9:a  ;<='W7

 \568 b ]7 SET S  efD23 T 

'   g7 0
jkR  DE FGH 

 01=Z[=A\5678#+9:*$SS c*$d

,* km!"#$D 01234,- , " YX 

23

 -* km '+i7jkR  S;<=hI i7lET

mn T op= q$7!"#$7"+ r7S OsR A t7& -u vw fO;xR D yS  & T ;x 4= vwO=7R z B {=' O|*A

R D .

LM' ῌ῏῎῍}~ 0  }  ,**/ : 07 j' ! vw // 0.῎11.
Dia, M.L., Castrec-Rouelle, M., Boulegue,
J. and Comeau, P. (+333) : Trinidad mud volcanoes :ŸWhere do the expelled ﬂuids come from? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 0-, +*,-῎+*-2.

"  # ,**/ : 01

 C/ $% /2 0 & +2.
Giggenbach, W.F. (+33,) : Isotopic shifts in waters from geothermal and volcanic systems
along convergent plate boundaries and their origin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., ++-, .3/῎/+*.
Graf, D.L., Friedman, I. and Meents, W.F. (+30/) : The origin of saline formation waters. ῍ :Isotopic fractionation by shale micropore systems. Illinois Geol. Survey Circ. -3-.
Hitchon, B. and Friedman, I. (+303) : Geochemistry and origin of formation waters in the western Canada Sedimentary basinoῌ. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, --, +-,+῎+-.3.

  G  +320 : q 'ῌ¡¢}(£ ¤¥¤ _¦§¨- '©ª«¬ /+ ++-῎+,,.
Kawahata, H., Kusakabe, M. and Kikuchi, Y. (+321) : Strontium, oxygen, and hydrogen isotope
geochemistry of hydrothermally altered and weathered rocks in DSDP Hole /*.B, Costa
Rica Rift. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2/, -.-῎-//.
Kristmannsdóttir, H. and Matsubaya, O. (+33/) : Stable isotope interaction in geothermal systems on the Reykjanes peninsula, SW Iceland. Water-Rock Interaction, WRI-2, pp. +33῎,*,, Vladivostok, Russia.

­}®¯ ,**, : ¤_¦§)=!$°ῌ±* /3῎22 - ² ³c+ h´
$µV F,¶· +320 : ¸¹¸/º-*»ῌ¼ ¡¢ῌ! ¼  , ½ -* S,01῎S,2-.
Kyser, T.K. and O’Neil, J.R. (+32.) : Hydrogen isotope systematics of submarine basalts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, .2, ,+,--,+--.
Lawrence, J.R. (+323) : The stable isotope geochemistry of deep-sea pore water. Handbook of
33





Environmental Isotope Geochemistry (ed. by Fritz, P. and Fontes, J.C.), Vol. -, Chap. 3, pp.
-+2ῌ-/0, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Marumo, K., Longsta#, F, J. and Matsubaya, O. (+33/) : Stable isotope geochemistry of clay
minerals from fossil and active hydrothermal systems, southweatern Hokkaido, Japan.
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, /3, ,/./ῌ,//3.
Masuda, H., Sakai, H., Chiba, H. and Tsurumaki, M. (+32/) : Geochemical characteristics of
Na-Ca-Cl-HCO- type waters in Arima and its vicinity in the western Kinki district, Japan.
Geochem. J., +3, +.3ῌ+0,.
Masuda, H., Sakai, H., Chiba, H., Matsuhisa, Y. and Nakamura, T. (+320) : Stable isotopic andmineralogical studies of hydrothermal alteration at Arima Spa, southwest Japan. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, /*, +3ῌ,2.

 +32+ : 
 +33+a : !"#$

02ῌ11

1%

 +33+b : !"#$

-3ῌ.,

.%,



.1ῌ/0.

-+&'( )*&'( )*

 +330 : !ῌ+,-"!. /0"# 12 No. +0 +/.ῌ+/2.

 +331 : 34567$ 6789 .1+*.ῌ++*.

Matsubaya, O., Sakai, H., Kusachi, I. and Satake, H. (+31-) : Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic
ratios and major element chemistry of Japanese thermal water systems Geochem. J., 1,+,-ῌ+/+.

 :; < =>?@ +31. : AB"C DEFGHI
JKL MNO .- +/-,2.
 :; < PQR +31/ : 345 ST5UD"CVWXFGH
I$ YMZ "[\]^/N ,0 +ῌ++.
Matsubaya, O. and Sakai, H. (+312) : DῌH and +2Oῌ+0O fractionation factors in evaporation ofwater at 0* and 2*, Geochem. J., +,, +,+ῌ+,0.

 :; < ,_`a PQR +32* : bc5FGHI$ Y\]NOJKL MNO /* +1ῌ,..
def +33- : gh?ij`klm.nopqFGHI gh?"_r \]^NO 0///ῌ1,.

def +33. : gh?ij`)`s4"tqFGHI gh?"_r \]^NO
00 ,1ῌ-3.
Miyagi, I., Matsubaya, O. and Nakajima, S. (+332) : Change in DῌH ratio, water content andcolor during dehydration of hornblende. Geochem. J., -,, --ῌ.2.
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uv w x yf u4z{ ,**0 : AB"[|} :; < +311 : ~D  +f30ῌ++2 l 1 %

/0

-ῌ+/.

)*L  )*Sakai, H. and Matsubaya, O. (+31.) : Isotopic geochemistry of the thermal waters of Japan andits bearing on the Kuroko ore solutions. Econ. Geol., 03, 31.ῌ33+.
34

 /3  ,**3



Sakai, H. and Matsubaya, O. (+311) : Stable isotopic studies of Japanese geothermal systems.
Geothermics, /, 31ῌ+,..

  +323 :  ! CaῌNaoCl "#$% & '()* ,- ./ῌ/,.
Savin, S.M. and Epstein, S. (+31*) : The oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of ocean
sediments and shales. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, -., .-ῌ0-.

+,-. +33+ : /0/12#3'()* '()* ,/ ,1ῌ-2.
Tanaka, K., Koizumi, M., Seki, R. and Ikeda, N. (+32.) : Geochemical study of Arima hot-springwaters, Hyogo, Japan, by means of tritium and deuterium. Geochem. J., +2, +1-ῌ+2*.
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456 +30. : 7!8$9: ';<=>?@ABC 2ῌ.1 7!8DEF 7! .
You, C.F., Gieskes, J.M., Lee, T., Yui, T.F. and Chen, H.W. (,**.) : Geochemistry of mud volcano
ﬂuids in the Taiwan accretionary prism. Appl. Geochem., +3, 03/-1*1.

35